(S^otnfU HtnittetHttg 3Itbcarg BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND THE GIFT OF HENRY W. SAGE 1891 Cornell University Library PS 221.M28 1922 3 1924 022 027 076 The original of tliis bool< is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924022027076 CONTEMPORARY AMERICAN LITERATURE BIBLIOGRAPHIES AND STUDY OUTLINES BY JOHN MATTHEWS MANLY AND "^ EDITH RICKERT n NEW YORK HARCOURT, BRACE AND COMPANY COPYRIGHT, 1922, BY HARCOURT, BRACE AND COMPANY, INC. Printed in the U. S. A. CONTENTS PAGE How TO Use This Book v Indexes and Crthcal Periodicals ix General Works of Reference xi Anthologies xv Collections of Plays xvi Collections of Short Stories xviii Collections of Essavs " xviii Bibliographies xix Alphabetical Index of Authors, with Biographical Matter, Bibuographies, and Studies and Reviews i Indexes of Authors according to Form 167 Index of Authors according to Birthplace 177 Index of Authors according to Subjbct-Matter and Local Color 181 HOW TO USE THIS BOOK This book is intended as a companion volume to Contem- porary British Literature; but the differences between con- ditions in America and in England have made it necessary to alter somewhat the original plan. In America today we have a few excellent writers who challenge comparison with the best of present-day England. We have many more who have been widely successful in the business of making novels, poems, plays, which cannot rank as literature at all. In choosing from sudi a large number a Hst for study, it is our hope that we have not omitted the name of any author who counts as a force in our developing literature; but, on the other hand, it is undoubtedly true that we have excluded many writers whose work compares fav- orably with that of some on the list. Our choice has been governed by two principles: (i) To include experimental work — ^work dealing with fresh materials or attempting new methods — ^rather than better work on familiar patterns; and (2) to represent var)dng tendencies in the literary effort of our country today rather than work that ranks high in popular taste. The task of doing justice to every writer is impossible; but we have been primarily concerned not with writers but with readers — those who wish guidance to the best that there is in our Hterature and to the signs that point to the future. The word contemporary we have interpreted arbitrarily to mean since the beginning of the War, excluding writers who died before August, 1914, and living authors who have produced no work since then. Space limitations made it impossible to go back to the beginning of the century, and no other date since then is so significant as 1914. The biographical material is limited to information of interest for the interpretation of work. The bibliographies are selective except in the case of the more important authors, for whom they are, for the student's purpose, complete. The following items have usually been omitted: (i) books privately printed; (2) separate editions of works included in larger volumes; (3) unimportant or inaccessible works; (4) works not of a literary character; (5) English reprints; (6) editions other than the first. Exceptions to this plan explain themselves. The stars (*) are merely guides to the reader in long bib- liographies and bibliographies containing works of very un- equal merit. The Suggestions for Reading given in the case of the more important authors are intended for students who need and desire guidance. It is our hope that these hints and ques- tions may lead to discussion and differences of opinion, for dissent is the guidepost to truth. As far as possible, we have avoided statement of our own opinions. The Studies and Reviews are the meagre result of long search in periodical literature. The fact that the photograph and the personal note bulk far more largely than criticism in America needs no comment here. Supplementary to the alphabetical list of authors with material for study, which constitutes the body of the book, are the classified indexes. These are intended for use in planning courses of study. The classification according to form suggests the limitation of work to poets, dramatists, novelists, short-stoty writers, essayists, critics, writers on country life, travel, and Nature, humorists, "columnists," and writers of biography and autobiography. In this con- nection should be noted the supplementary list of poets whose names have not been included in our list but whose work can be studied in one or more of the anthologies indi- cated. The classification according to birthplace (in some cases information could not be obtained) furnishes material for the study of local groups of writers. The classification according to subject matter (including the use of local color and background), although it is neces- sarily incomplete, will, it is hoped, suggest courses of reading on these bases. Preceding the alphabetical list of authors are bibliographies of different t)^es, which should be of use in the finding of ma- terial: lists of indexes and critical periodicals; of general works of reference discussing the period; of collections of poems, plays, short-stories, and essays; and of bibliographies of short plajre and short stories. Our thanks for criticisms and suggestions are due to Pro- fessors Robert Herrick, Robert Morss Lovett, and Percy Holmes Bo)mton. To Mr. G. Teyen, of the Chicago Public Library, we are indebted for continual help in procuring books, verifyiag references, and, in general, for putting the resources of the library at our disposal. INDEXES AND CRITICAL PERIODICALS Indexes American Library Association Index, (to 1900) A. L. A. I. Supplement, 1901-1910 A. L. A. Supp. Annual Literary Index (1892-T904) A. L. I. Continued as Annual Library Index, 1905-1910 A. L. I. Dramatic Index, 1909- D. I. Published with Annual Magazine Subject Index. Magazine Subject Index: Boston, 1908 M. S. I. Continued by Annual Magazine Subject Index, 1909-.A. S. I. Poole's Index to Periodical Literature, 1802-1881 Poole Supplements, 1882-1906; 1907-1908 Poole Supp. Reader's Guide to Periodical Literature, igoo- R. G. Supplement, 1907-1915, 1916-1919 R. G. Supp. Continued as International Index to Periodicals, 1921- . 1. 1. P. Periodicals (The initials following the abbreviated titles of the periodicals refer to the indexes in which they are listed.) The Book Review Digest,, 1905 , contains summaries of important reviews in periodicals and newspapers. Academy: London (ceased 1916) — ^Acad. American Catholic Quarterly Review: Philadelphia— Amer. Cath. Quar. Athenaeum: London — Ath. — ^A. L. I. Combined with Nation (London), Feb. 19, 1921. Atlantic Monthly: Boston— Atlan.—R. G.; A. S. I. Bellman: Minneapolis, Minn, (ceased 1919). BookUst (A. L. A.): Chicago. Bookman: New York — ^Bookm. — R. G. Bookman: London — ^Bookm. (Lond.) — ^D. I.; A. S. I. Book News: Philadelphia — ^Book News Mo. Boston Transcript: Boston — Bost. Trans. Catholic World: New York— Cath. World. Century: New York— Cent.— R. G. Chapbook (a Monthly Miscellany) : London. Columbia University Quarterly: New York — Columbia Univ. Quai. Contemporary Review: London and New York — Contemp. — R. G.; A. S. I. Craftsman: New York. Includes some literary studies. Critic: New York— R. G. Current Literature: New York (name changed to Current Opinion, 1913)— Cur. Lit.— R. G. Current Opinion: New York — Cur. Op. — R. G. Dial: New York- Dial— R. G. Double-Dealer: New Orleans (1921 ). Drama: Washington — Drama — S.. G. S. Dublin Review: London— Dub. R.— D. I.; A. S. L; R. G. S. Edinburgh Review: Edinburgh — ^Edin. R. Egoist: London (1914 ). Includes art, music, literature, emphasizing especially new move- ments. English Review: London (1908 ) — Eng. Rev. — R. G. S.; D. I.; A. S. L Fortnightly Review: London and New York — Fortn. — R. G.; A. S. I. Forum: New York— R. G.; A. S. I. Freeman: New York (1920 ). Harper's Magazine: New York — ^Harp. Independent: New York — Ind. — ^R. G. Literary Digest: New York — ^Lit. Digest — R. G. Literary Review of the New York Evening Post: New York (1921 ), —Lit. Rev. Little Review: Chicago. Littell's Living Age: Boston — Liv. Age — ^R. G. Reprints from the best periodicals. London Mercury: London (1919 ) — ^Lond. Merc. Critical review, established in 1919, edited by J. C. Squire. London Times Literary Supplement: London — ^Lond. Times — A. S. I. Manchester Guardian: Manchester, England — The best English provincial paper for reviews. Nation: London — Nation (Lond.) — ^A. S. I. See Athenaeum. Nation: New York — ^Nation — K. G. New Republic: New York (1914- ) — ^New Repub. — ^R. G. New Statesman: London (1913- ) — New Statesman — R. G. S.; A. S. I. New York Eve. Post. See Literary Review. New York Times Review of Books: New York — N. Y. Times. Nineteenth Century and After: London and New York — 19th Cent. — R. G.; A. S. L North American Review: New York — ^No. Am. — R. G.; A. S. I. Outlook: New York. Poet Lore: Boston— Poet Lore— R. G. S. Poetry: Chicago— Poetry— R. G. Quarterly Review: London and New York — Quar. — R. G.; A. S. I. The Review: New York — a weekly journal of political and general dis- cussion. Changed its name June, 1920, to Weekly Review. Review of Reviews: New York — R. of Rs. — ^R. G. Saturday Review: London — Sat. Rev.— A. S. L Sewanee Review: Sewanee, Tennessee. Spectator: London — Spec. — ^R. G. S.; A. S. L Springfield Republican, Springfield, Mass. — Springfield Repub. Touchstone: New York. Unpopular Review — ^New York — . Westminster Review — ^London — ^Westm. R. (ceased 1914). World Today: New York. Yale Review: New Haven, Conn. — R. G. S. Popular magazines, referred to on occasion, are not listed above. GENERAL WORKS OF REFERENCE (Referred to in the book by the first word usually) 1. Histories and General Discussion Boynton, Percy Holmes. A History of American Literature. 1919. (Bibliographies.) Cambridge History of American Literature. 1917-21. By W. P. Trent, John Erskine, Stuart P. Sherman, and Carl Van Doren. (Vols. Ill, IV.) (Bibliographies.) Macy, J. A. The Spirit of American Literature. 1913. Pattee, Fred Lewis. A History of American Literature since 1870. 1915. (Bibliographies.) Perry, BHss. The American Spirit in Literature. 1918. Steams, Harold E. America and the Young Intellectual. 1921. Civilization in the United States. 1922. (Special chap- ters.) 2. Criticism ot Special Authors or Phases Canby, H. S., Benfet, W. R., and Loveman, Amy, Saturday Papers. 1921. Hackett, Francis. Horizons: a Book of Criticism. 1918. Editor. On American Books. 1920. (Symposium by Joel D. Spingam, Padraic Colum, H. L. Mencken, Morris R. Cohen, and Francis Hackett.) Littell, Philip, Books and Things. 1919. Mencken, H. L. Prefaces. 1917. Prejudices, First and Second Series. i9r9-2o. Underwood, John Curtis, Literature and Insurgency. 1914. 3. Drama Andrews, Charlton. The Drama Today. 1913. Baker, George Pierce. Dramatic Technique. 1912. Beegle, Mary Porter, and Crawford, Jack R. Community Drama and Pageantry. 1916. Burleigh, Louise. The Community Theatre in Theory and in Practice. 1917. (Bibliography.) Chandler, F. W. Aspects of Modern Drama. 1914. Cheney, Sheldon. The Art Theatre. 191 7. The New Movement in the Theatre. 1914. The Out-Of-Door Theatre. 1918. Clark, Barrett H. The British and American Drama of Today. igiS, 1921. Dickinson, Thomas H. The Case of American Drama. 1915. The Insurgent Theatre. 1917. Eaton, Walter Prichard. At the New Theatre and Others. 1910. Plays and Players: Leaves from a Critic's Notebook. igi6. Goldman, Emma. The Social Significance of the Modem Drama. 1914. Grau, Robert. The Theatre of Science. 1914. Hamilton, Clayton. Studies in Stagecraft. 1914. Henderson, Archibald. The Clianging Drama. 1914. Lewis, B. Roland. The Technique of the One-Act Play. 1918. Lewisohn, Ludwig. The Modern Drama. 1915. Mackay, Constance D'Arcy. The Little Theatre in the United States. 191 7. Mackaye, Percy. The Civic Theatre. 191 2. Community Drama. 1917. The Playhouse and the Play. 1909. Macgowan, K. The Theatre of Tomorrow. 1921. Matthews, Brander. A Book about the Theatre. 1916. Moderwell, Hiram Kelly. The Theatre of Today. 1914. Moses, Montrose J. The American Dramatist. 191 7. Nathan, George Jean. Another Book on the Theatre. 1915. Phelps, William Lyon. The Twentieth Century Theatre. 1918. 4. Novel Cooper, Frederic Taber. Some American Story-Tellers. 191 1. Gordon, G. The Men Who Make our Novels. 1919. Overton, Grant. The Women Who Make our Novels. 1918. , Phelps, William Lyon. The Advance of the English Novel. 1916. Van Doren, Carl. The American Novel. 1921. Wilkinson, H. Social Thought in American Fiction (1910-17). 1919. 5. Poetry Aiken, Conrad, Scepticisms. Notes on Contemporary Poetry. 1919. CasweU, E. S. Canadian Singers and Their Songs. 1920. Cook,H.W. Our Poets of Today. 1918. Lowell, Amy. Tendencies in Modem American Poetry. 191 7. Lowes, John Livingston. Convention and Revolt in Poetry. 1919. Peckham, E. H. Present-Day American Poetry. 191 7. Phelps, William Lyon. The Advance of English Poetry in the Twentieth Century. 1918. Rittenhouse, Jessie B. The Younger American Poets. 1904. Untenneyer, Louis. The New Era in American Poetry. 1919. Wilkinson, Marguerite. New Voices. 1919. 6. BlOGKAFHICAL AND PeSSONAL Halsey, F. W. American Authors and Their Homes. Personal Descriptions and Interviews (Illustrated). 1901. Women Authors of our Day in their Homes (Illustrated.) 1903- Harkins, E. F. Famous Authors. (Men.) 1901. Famous Authors. (Women.) 1901. ANTHOLOGIES Andrews, C. E. From the Front; Trench Poetry. Appleton, 1918. Anthology of American Humor in Verse. Duffield, 191 7. American and British from the Yale Review. (Foreword by J. G. Fletcher.) 1920-21. Armstrong, H. F. Book of New York Verse. Putnam, 1917. Blanden, C. G., and Mathison, M. Chicago Anthology. Roadside Press, 1916. Braithwaite, W. S. Anthology of Magazine Verse and Yearbook of American Poetry. Small, Maynard, 1914 . Golden Treasury of Magazine Verse. Small, Maynard, 1918. Clarke, G. H. Treasury of War Poetry. Houghton Mifflin: First Series, 1917; Second Series, 1919. Cook, H. W. Our Poets of Today. Moffat, Yard, 1918. Cronyn, George W. The Path on the Rainbow (North American Indian Songs and Chants.) Boni & Liveright, 1918. Des Imagistes: 1914. Poetry Bookshop, London, 1914. Edgar, W. C. The Bellman Book of Verse, 1906-19. Bellman Co., 1919. Erskine, John. Contemporary Verse Anthology. (War poetry.) But- ton, 1920. Kreymborg, Alfred. Others. Knopf, 1916, 1917, 1919. Le Gallienne, Richard. Modern Book of American Verse. Boni & Liveright, 1919. Miscellany of American Poetry, A. Harcourt, Brace, 1920. Monroe, Harriet, and Henderson, Alice Corbin. The New Poetry. Macmillan, 1917; revised edition, 1920. O'Brien, Edward J. A Masque of Poets. Dodd, Mead, 1918. Richards, G. M. High Tide; Songs of Joy and Vision. Houghton Mifflin, 1918. The Melody of Earth. (Nature and Garden Poems from Present-day Poets.) Houghton Mi£3in, 1920. Star Points; Songs of Joy, Faith, and Promise. Houghton Mifflin, 1921. Rittenhouse, Jessie B. The Little Book of Modem Verse. Houghton Mifflin, 1913-19. The Second Book of Modem Verse. Houghton Mifflin, 1919. Some Imagist Poets: 1915, 1916, 1917. Constable. Stork, Charles Wharton, Contemporary Verse Anthology. Favorite Poems Selected from the Magazine of Contemporary Verse. 1916- 20. Dutton, 1920. Untermeyer, Louis. Modern American Poetry. Harcourt, Brace, 1920; enlarged, 1921. COLLECTIONS OF PLAYS Baker, George Pierce. Harvard Plays. Brentano. I. 47 Workshop Plays. First Series. 1918. (Rachel L. Field, Hubert Osborne, Eugene Pillot, William L. Prosser.) II. Plays of the Harvard Dramatic Club. First Series. 1918. (Winifred Hawkridge, H. Brock, Rita C. Smith, K. Andrews.) III. Plays of the Harvard Dramatic Club. Second Series. 1919. (Louise W. Bray, E. W. Bates, F. Bishop, C. Kinkead.) IV. 47 Workshop Plays. Second Series. 1920. (Kenneth Raes- back, Norman C. Lindau, Eleanor Holmes Hinkley, Doris F. Hainan.) Baker, George Pierce. Modem American Plays. Harcourt, Brace, 1920. (Belasco, Sheldon, Thomas). Cohen, Helen Louise. One-Act Plays by Modem Authors. Harcourt, Brace, 1921. (Mackaye, Marks, Peabody, R. E. Rogers, Tarking- ton. Stark Yoimg.) Longer Plays by Modern Authors. Harcourt, Brace, 1922. (Thomas, Tarkington.) Cook, G. C. and Shay, F. Provincetown Plays. Stewart Kidd. First Series (Louise Bryant, Dell, O'Neill), igi6. Second Series (Neith Boyce and Hutchins Hapgood, G. C. Cook and Susan Glaspell, John Reed), 1916. Third Series (Neith Boyce, Kreymborg, O'Neill), 1917. (Boyce and Hapgood, Cook and Glaspell, Dell, P. King, Millay, O'Neill, Oppenheim, Alice Rostetter, W. D. Steele, Wellman), 1921. Dickinson, Thomas H. Chief Contemporary Dramatists. Houghton Mifflin, 1915. (Mackaye, Thomas.) Second Series (G. C. Hazelton and Benrimo, Peabody, Walter). Dickinson, Thomas H. Wisconsin Plays. Huebsch. First Series (Thomas H. Dickinson, Gale, William Elleiy Leonard), 1914. Second Series (M. Ilsley, H. M. Jones, Laura Sherry), 1918. 47 Workshop, Plays of the. See Baker. Harvard Dramatic Club, Plays of the. See Baker. Knickerbocker, Edwin Van B. Plays for Classroom Interpretation. Holt, 1921. Lewis, B. Roland. Contemporary One-Act Pkys. 1922. (Bibliog- raphies.) (Middleton, Althea Thurston, Mackaye, Eugene Pillot, Bosworth Crocker, Kreymborg, Paul Greene, Arthur Hopkins, Jeannette Marks, Oscar M. Wolff, David Pinski, Beulah Bomstead.) Mayorga, Margaret Gardner. Representative One-Act Plays by Amer- ican Authors. Little, Brown, 1919. (Full bibliographies). (Mary Aldis, Codt and Glaspell, Sada Cowan, Bosworth Crocker, Elva De Pue, Beulah Marie Dix, Hortense Flexner, Esther E. Galbraith, Alice Gerstenberg, Doris F. Hainan, Ben Hecht and Kenneth Saw- yer Goodman, Phoebe Hoffman, BLreymborg, Mackaye, Marks, Middleton, O'Neill, Eugene Pillot, Frances Pemberton Spenser, Thomas Wood Stevens and Kenneth Sawyer Goodman, Walker, WeUman, Wilde, Oscar M. Wolff.) More Portmanteau Plays. Stewart Kidd, 1919. (Stuart Walker.) Momingside Plays. Shay, 1917. (Elva de Pue, Caroline Briggs, Elmer L. Reizenstein, Zella Macdonald). Moses, Montrose J. Representative Plays by American Dramatists. Dutton, 1918-21. Vol. HI. (Belasco, Thomas, Walter.) Pierce, John Alexander. The Masterpieces of Modem Drama. English and American. (Summarized and quoted.) 1915. (Thomas [2], Walter, Mackaye, Belasco.) Portmanteau Plays. Stewart Kidd, 1918. (Stuart Walker.) Provincetown Plays. See Cook. Quinn, A. H. Representative American Plays. Centiuy, 1917. (Cro- thers, Mackaye, Sheldon, Thomas). Small Stages, Plays for. Duffield, 1915. (Mary Aldis.) Smith, Alice Mary. Short Plays by Representative Authors. Mac- millan, 1920. (Constance D'Arcy Mackay, Mary Macmillan, Marks,- Torrence, Walker.) Stage, Guild Plays and Masques. (Kenneth Sawyer Goodman, Thomas Wood Stevens.) Washington Square Plays. Drama League Series. Doubleday, Page, 1916. (Lewis Beach, Alice Gerstenberg, Edward Goodman, Moeller.) Wisconsin Plays. See Dickinson. zvu COLLECTIONS OF SHORT STORIES Heydrick, B. A. Americans All. Harcourt, Brace, 1920. Howells, W. D. Great Modem American Stories. Boni & Liveright, 1920. (Does not include much recent work.) Laselle, Mary Augusta. Short Stories of the New America. Holt, 1919. Law, F. H. Modem Short Stories. Century, 1918. O'Brien, Edward J. H. Best short stories for 1915, 1916, etc. Published annually. Small, Maynard. Thomas, Charles Swain. Atlantic Narratives. Atlantic, 1918. Wick, Jean. The Stories Editors Buy and Why. Small, Maynard, 1921. Williams, Blanche Colton. Our Short Story Writers. MoSat, Yard, 1920. COLLECTIONS OF ESSAYS Kilmer, Joyce. Literature in the Making. Harper, 191 7. Morley, Christopher, Modem Essays. Harcourt, Brace, 1921. Tanner, W. M. Essays and Essay-Writing. Atlantic, 1917. Thomas, Charles Swain. Atlantic Classics, First and Second Series. Atlantic, 1918. BIBLIOGRAPHIES OF SHORT PLAYS Boston Public Library. One-Act Plays in English. 1900-20. Brown University library. Plays of Today. 1921. (100 of the best modem dramas.) Chicago Public Library. Actable One-Act Plays. 1916. University of Utah. The One-Act Play in Colleges and High Schools. 1920. Worcester, Massachusetts, Free Public Library. Selected List of One- Act Plays. 1921. Boynton, Percy H. Hfetory of American Literature. 1919. Cheney, Sheldon. The Art Theatre. 1917. (Appendix.) Clapp, John Mantel. Plays for Amateiurs. 1915. (Drama League of America.) Clark, Barrett H. How to Produce Amateur Plays. T917. Dickinson, Thomas H. The Insurgent Theatre. 191 7. (Appendix.) Drummond, A. M. Fifty One-Act Plays. 1915. (Quarterly Journal of Public Speaking, I, 234.) One-Act Plays for Schools and CoUeges. 1918. (Education, IV, 372.) Johnson, Gertrude Elizabeth. Choosing a Play. Century, 1920. Lewis, B. Roland. Contemporary One-Act Plays. 1922. Mackay, Constance D'Arcy, The Little Theatre in the United States. 191 7. Appendix. Mayorga, Margaret Gardner, Representative One-Act Plays by Ameri- can Authors. 1919. Plays for Amateurs; a Selected List Prepared by the Little Theatre Department of the New York Drama League. Wilson, 1921. Riley, Alice C. D. The One-Act Play Study Cotirse. 1918. (Drama League Monthly, Feb.-Apr.) Shay, Frank, Plays and Books of the Little Theatre, 1921. Shay, Frank, and Loving, P. Fifty Contemporary One-act Plays, 1920. OF SHORT STORIES Hannigan, F. J. Standard Index to Short Stories, 1900-1914. 1918. O'Brien, E. J. H. Best Short Stories for 1915, 19161 etc. (Published annually.) CONTEMPORARY AMERICAN LITERATURE ALPHABETICAL LIST OF AUTHORS Franklin Pierce Adams — (Illinois, 1881)— ^hiunorous poet, "columnist." Editor of "The Conning Tower " in the New York World. For bibliography, cf . Who's Who in America. Henry (Brooks) Adams — ^man of letters. Bom in Boston, 1838. Great-grandson of John Adams and grandson of John Qiiincy Adams, presidents of the United States. Brother of Charles Francis and Brooks Adams. A. B., Harvard, 1858, LL. D., Western Reserve, 1892. Secretary to his father, Charles Francis Adams, American Minister to England, 1861-8. Assistant professor at Harvard, 1870-7, and editor of North American Renew, 1870-6. Lived in Washington from 1877 until his death in 1918, but traveled extensively and knew many famous people. In memory of his wife, he commissioned Saint Gaudens to make for her tomb in Rock Creek Cemetery, Washington, the statue sometimes called Silence, which is one of the sculptor's most beautiful works. Suggestions for Reading 1. The Education of Henry Adams is autobiographic. 2. The persistent irony of the presentation should be cor- rected by reading Brooks Adams's account of his brother. Mont Saint Michd and Chartres is an attempt to interpret the spirit of mediaeval architecture, both secular and ecclesias- tical. To appreciate it fully, familiarity with the subject is necessary. The novels are worth study as satires. Henry (Brooks) Adsans— Continued Bibliography Democracy. 1880. (Novel.) Esther. 1884. (Novel; under pseudonym, "Frances Snow Compton. ") Historical Essays. 1891. Mont Saint Michel and Chartres. 1904. The Education of Henry Adams. 1918. The Degradation of the Democratic Dogma. 1919. Letters to a Niece and Prayer to the Virgin of Chartres. 1920. Also in: A Cycle of Adams Letters, 1861-1865. Edited by Worthington Chauncey Ford. 1920. Studies and Reviews Cambridge. Lond. Times, May 30, 1919: 290. Nation, 106 ('18): 674. Ath. 1919, i: 361; 1919, 2: 633; NewRepub. 15 ('18): 106. 1920,1:243,665. New Statesman, 16 ('21): 711. Atlan. 125 ('20): 623; 127 ('21): 19th Cent. 85 ('19): 981. 140. Pol. Sci. Q. 34 ('19): 305. Bookm. (Lond.) 57 ('19): 30. Scrib. M. 69 ('21): 576 (portrait). Cur. Op. 66 ('19): 108. Spec. 122 ('19): 231. Dial, 65 ('18): 468. World's Work, 4 ('02): 2324. Dublin Rev. 164 ('19): 218. Yale Rev. n. s. 8 ('19): 580; Harv. Grad. M. 26 ('18): 540. n. s. 9 ('20): 271, 890. George Ade — humorist, dramatist. Bom atKentland, Indiana, 1866. B. S., Purdue University, 1887. Newspaper work at Lafayette, Indiana, 1887-90. On the Chicago Record, 1890- 1900. Although some of his earlier plays were successful and promised a career as dramatist, his reputation now rests chiefly upon his humorous modern fables. Bibliography Fables in Slang, igoo. More Fables. 1900. Forty Modern Fables. 1901. The County Chairman. 1903. (Play.) The College Widow. 1904. (Play.) Ade's Fables. 1914. Hand-Made Fables. 1920. For complete bibliography, see Cambridge, III (IV), 640, 763. George Ade — Continued Studies and Reviews Moses. Harp. W. 47 ('03): 411 (portrait), 426. Am. M. 73 ('11): 71 (portrait), 73. No. Am. 176 ('03): 739. (Howells.) Bookm. SI ('20): 568; 54 ('21): Rev. 2 ('20): 461. 116. Conrad Potter Aiken— poet, critic. Bom at Savannah, Georgia, 1889. A. B., Harvard, 1912. Has lived abroad, in London, Rome, and Windermere. Suggestions for Reading I. A good introduction to Mr. Aiken's verse is his own explanation of his theory in Poetry, 14 ('19); iszff. To readers to whom this is not accessible, the following extracts may furnish some clue as to his aim and method: What I had from the outset been somewhat doubtfully hankering for was some way of getting contrapuntal effects in poetry — the effects of contrasting and conflicting tones and themes, a kind of underlying simultaneity in dissimilarity. It seemed to me that by using a large medium, dividing it into several mala parts, and subdividing these parts into short movements in various veins and forms, this was rendered possible. I do not wish to press the musical analogies too closely. I am aware that the word symphony, as a musical term, has a very definite meaning, and I am aware that it is only with considerable license that I use the term for such poems as Senlm or ForsUn, which have three and five parts respectively, and do not in any orthodox way develop their themes. But the effect obtained is, very roughly speaking, that of the symphony, or symphonic poem. Granted that one has chosen a theme — or been chosen by a theme! — ^which will permit rapid changes of tone, which will not insist on a tone too static, it will be seen that there is no limit to the variety of effects obtainable: for not only can one use all the simpler poetic tones • . • ; but, since one is using them as parts of a larger design, one can also obtain novel effects by placing them in juxtaposition as consecutive movements. . . . All this, I must emphasize, is no less a matter of emotional tone than of form; the two things cannot well be separated. For such symphonic effects one employs what one might term emotion-mass with just as deliberate a regard for its position in the total design as one would em- ploy a variation of form. One should regard this or that emotional theme as a musical unit having such-and-such a tone quality, and use Conrad Potter Mken— Continued it only when that particular tone-quality is wanted. Here I flatly give mjfself away as being in reality in quest of a sort of absolute poetry, a poetry in which the intention is not so much to arouse an emotion merely, or to persuade of a reality, as to employ such emotion or sense of reality (tangentially struck) with the same cool detachment with which a com- poser employs notes or chords. Not content to present emotions or things or sensations for their own sakes — as is the case with most poetry — this method takes only the most delicately evocative aspects of them, makes of them a keyboard, and plays upon them a music of which the chief characteristic is its elusiveness, its fleetingness, and its richness in the shimmering overtones of hint and suggestion. Such a poetry, in other words, will not so much present an idea as use its res- onance. 2. An interesting comparison may be made between the work of Mr. Aiken, and that of Mr. T. S. Eliot (q. v.), of whom he is an admirer. See also Sidney Lanier's latest poems. 3. Another interesting study is the influence of Freud upon the poetry of Mr. Aiken. Bibliography Earth Triumphant and Other Tales. 19 14. Turns and Movies. 1916. The Jig of Forslin. 1916. Nocturne of Remembered Spring. 1917. The Chamel Rose; Senlin: a Biography, and other Poems. 1918. Scepticisms: Notes on Contemporary Poetry. 1919. The House of Dust. 1920. Punch, the Immortal Liar. 1921. Studies and Reviews Untermeyer. Egoist, 5 ('18): 60. Nation, in ('20): 509. Ath. 1919, 2: 798,840; 1920, i: ro. Poetry, 9 ('16): 99; 10 ('17): 162; Bookm.47('i8):269;si('2o):i94. 13 ('18): 102; 14 ('19): 152; Chapbook, 1-2, May, 1920: 26. 15 ('20): 283; 17 ('21): 220. Dial,64('i8):29i(J. G.Fletcher); See also Book Review Digest, 66 ('19): 558 (J. G. Fletcher); 1919, 1920. 68 ('20): 491; 70 ('21): 343, 700. Henry G. Aikman— novelist. Bom in 1879. His books dealing with the psychology of the young man have attracted attention. BiBLIOGKAPHY The Groper. 1919. Zell. 1921. For reviews, see Book Review Digest, 1919, 1921. Zee Akins (Missouri, 1886) — dramatist. Attracted attention by her Papa, 1913, produced, 1919. Followed up this success by Dtclasste, also produced 1919 (quoted with illustrations in Current Opinion, 68 ['20I: 187); and Daddy's Gone A-Hunting, produced 1921. For complete bibliography, see Who's Who in America. Mrs. Richard Aldington (Hilda Doolittle, "H. D.")— poet. Bom at Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, 1886. Studied at Bryn Mawr, 1904-5, but ill health compelled her to give up coUege work. In 191 1, she went abroad and remained there. In 1913, she married Richard Aldington, the English poet (cf . Manly and Rickert, Contemporary British Poetry), "H. D.'s " work is commonly regarded as the most per- fect embodiment of the Imagist theory. Bibliography Sea Garden. 1916. Hymen. 1921. Also in: Des Imagistes. 1914. Some Imagist Poets. 1915, 1916. The Egoist. (Passim.) Studies and Reviews Lowell. Egoist, 2 ('15): 72 (FKnt); 88 Untermeyer. (May Sinclair). Little Review, 5 ('18): Dec, Bookm. (Lond.) 51 ('17): 132- P- i4- (Poimd.) Chapbook, 2 ('20): No. 9, p. 22. Lond. Times, Oct. s, 1916: 479. (Flint.) Poetry, 20 ('20): 333. Dial, 72 ('22): 203. (May Sin- Poetry Journal, 7 ('17): 171. dair.) James Lane Allen— novelist. Born near Lexington, Kentucky, 1849, of Scotch-Irish Revolutionary ancestry. A. B., A. M., Transylvania Uni- versity; and honorary higher degrees. Taught in various schools and colleges. Since 1886 has given his time entirely to writing. Nature lover. Describes the Kentucky life that he knows. Bibliography Flute and Violin and Other Kentucky Tales and Romances. 1891. The Blue Grass Region of Kentucky and Other Kentucky Articles. 1892. John Gray — a Novel. 1893. * A Kentucky Cardinal. 1895. Aftermath. 1896. A Summer in Arcady. 1896. The Choir Invisible. 1897. (Novel; play, 1899.) Two Gentlemen of Kentucky. 1899. The Reign of Law. A Tale of the Kentucky Hemp Fields. 1900. * The Mettle of the Pasture. 1903. The Bride of the Mistletoe. 1909. The Doctor's Christmas Eve. 1910. The Heroine in Bronze, or A Portrait of a Girl. 1912. The Last Christmas Tree. 1914. The Sword of Youth. 19x5. A Cathedral Singer. 1916. The Kentucky Warbler. 1918. The Emblems of Fidelity. 1919. Studies and Reviews Harkins. Bookm. 32 ('lo-ii): 360, 640. Pattee. Cur. Lit. 29 ('00): 147; 35 ('03): Toulmin. 129 (portrait). Lamp, 27 ('03): 117, 119 (por- Acad. S9 ('00): 3S; 7^ ('09): 800; trait). 88 ('is): 234. Mentor, 6 ('18): 2 (portrait). Bk. Buyer, 20 ('00): 350, 374. Outlook, 96 ('10): 811. Sherwood Anderson — short-story writer, novelist. Bom at Camden, Ohio, 1876. Of Scotch-Irish ancestry. Father a journeyman harness-maker. Public school edu- cation. At the age of sixteen or seventeen came to Chicago 6 Sherwood Anderson — Continued and worked four or five years as a laborer. Soldier in the Spanish-American War. Later, in the advertising busi- ness. In 1921, received the prize of $2,000 offered by The Dial to further the work of the American author considered to be most promising. Suggestions for Reading 1. The autobiographical element in Mr. Anderson's work is marked and should never be forgotten in judging his work. The conventional element is easily discoverable as patched on, particularly in the long books. 2. To realize the quaUties that make some critics regard Mr. Anderson as perhaps our most promising noveUst, ex- amples should be noted of the following quaUties which he possesses to a striking degree: (i) independence of literary traditions and methods; (2) a keen eye for details; (3) a passionate desire to interpret life; (4) a strong sense of the value of individual lives of Uttle seeming importance. 3. Are Mr. Anderson's defects due to the limitations of his experience, or do you notice certain temperamental defects which he is not likely to outgrow? 4. Mr. Anderson's experiments in form are interesting to study. Compare the prosiness of his verse with his efforts to use poetic cadence in The Triumph of the Egg. Does it suggest to you the possibility of developing a form inter- mediate between prose and free verse? 5. Does Mr. Anderson succeed best as noveUst or as short- story writer? Why? Bibliography VWnd^jMcPhg^rson's Son. 1916. (Novel.) ~ Marching Men. 1917. (Novel.) Mid-American Chants. 1918. (Poems.) Winesburg, Ohio. 1919. Poor White. 1920. (Novel.) The Triumph of the Egg. 1921. 7 Sherwood Anderson — Continued Studies and Reviews Bookm. 4S ('17): 302 (portrait), New Statesman, 8 ('17): 330, 307. Poetry, 12 ('18): ISS- Dial, 72 ('22): 29, 79. See also Book Review Digest, I9i9> Freeman, 2 ('21): 403; 4 ('21): 281. 1920, 1921. New Repub. 9 ('17): 333; 24 ('20): 330; 28 ('21): 383. Mary Raymond Shipman Andrews — (Mrs. William Shankland Andrews) — short-story writer, novelist. BiBUOGRAPHY * The Perfect Tribute. 1906. The Militants. 1907. * The Lifted Bandage. 1910. The Counsel Assigned. 1912. The Marshal. 1912. The Three Things. 1915. Joy in the Morning. 19 19. His Soul Goes Marching On. 1922. Studies and Reviews Bookm. 27 ('08): 155. See aXso Book Review Digest, igi2. Nation, 85 ('07): 58. 191S1 iQiQ- Mary Antin (Mrs. Amadeus W. Grabau) — ^writer. Bom at Polotzk, Russia, 1881. Came to America in 1894. Educated in American schools. Studied at Teachers' College, Columbia, 1901-2, and at Barnard College, 1902-4. Her second book attracted attention for its fresh and sympathetic treatment of the experiences of immigrants coming to this country. Bibliography From Polotzk to Boston. 1899. * The Promised Land. 1912. They Who Knock at Our Gates. 1914. 8 Maiy Antin — Continued Studies and Reviews Acad. 83 ('12): 637. J. Educ. 81 ('15): 91. Am. M. 77 ('14): Mar., p. 64 Lond. Times, Oct. 10, 1912: 420. (portrait). Outlook, 104 ('13): 473 (portrait). Bookm. 35 ('12): 584. Walter Conrad Arensberg — ^poet. Illustrates in his Poems, 1914, and Idols, 1916, conversion from the old forms of verse to the new. Cf. also Others, 1916. For studies, cf. Untermeyer; also Dial, 69 ('20): 61 Poetry, 8 ('16): 208. Gertrude Franklin Atherton (Mrs. George H. Bowen Atherton) — novelist. Bom at San Francisco, 1859. Great-grandniece of Ben- jamin Franklin. Educated in private schools. Has lived much abroad. Mrs. Atherton's work is very imeven, but is interesting as reflecting different aspects of social and political life in this coimtry. Bibliography The Doomswoman. 1892. Patience Sparhawk and Her Times. 1897. * American Wives and English Husbands. 1898. (Revised edition, 1919; under the title Transplanted.) The Califomians. 1898. * Senator North. 1900. The Aristocrats. 1901. * The Conqueror. 1902. The Splendid Idle Forties. 1902. Rezanov. 1906. ' Ancestors. 1907. Perch of the Devil. 1914. California — an Intimate History. 1914. The White Morning. 1918. Sisters-in-law. 1921. Sleeping Fires. 1922. Gertrude Franklin Atherton — Continued Stijdies and Reviews Cooper. Underwood. Courtney, W. L. The Feminine Note in Fiction. 1904. Bookm. 12 ('01): S4ii 542 (por- Halsey. (Women.) trait); 30 ('09): 356. Harkins. (Women.) Forum, 58 ('17): 585. Maiy Hunter Austin (Mrs. Stafford W. Austin) — nov- elist, dramatist. Bom at Carlinville, Illinois, 1868. At the age of nineteen went to live in California. B. S., Blackburn University, 1888. Lived on the edge of the Mohave Desert where she is said to have worked like an Indian woman, housekeeping and gardening. Studied the desert, its form, its weather, its lights, its plants. Also studied Indian lore extensively, contributing the chapter on Aboriginal Literature to the Cambridge History of American Literature (IV [Later National Literature, III], 6ioff.). Bibliography The Land of Little Rain. 1903. * The Basket Woman: Fanciful Tales for Children. 1904. Isidro. 1905. The Flock. 1906. Santa Lucia. 1908. Lost Borders. 1909. * The Arrow Maker. 1911. (Play.) (Also in Drama, 1915.) * A Woman of Genius. 191 2. The Green Bough. 1913. The Lovely Lady. 1913. Love and the Soul-Maker. 1914. The Man Jesus. 1915. The Ford. 1917. Outland. 1919. (Originally published under the pseudonjrm, "Gordon Stairs," London, 1910.) No. 26 Jayne Street. 1920. Mary Hunter Aus^— Continued Studies and Reviews Overton. Freeman, i ('20): 311. New Repub. 24 ('20): 151. Am. M. 72 ('11): 178 (portrait). R. of Rs. 47 ('13): 241 (portrait). Bookm. 3S ('12): 586 (portrait). Review, 3 ('20): 73. Cur. Lit. S3 ('12): 698 (portrait.) Sunset, 43 ('19): 49 (portrait). Irving (Addison) Bacheller (New York, 1859) — ^novelist. His outstanding books are: Eben Holden. 1900. A Man for the Ages. 1919. (Lincoln, the hero.) For bibliography, see Who's Who in America. Josephine Dodge Daskam Bacon (Mrs. Selden Bacon) — novelist. Bom at Stamford, Connecticut, 1876. A. B., Smith Col- lege, 1898. Mrs. Bacon has made a special study of child life. Bibliography Smith College Stories. 1900. The Imp and the Angel. 1901. Fables for the Fair. 1901. The Madness of Philip. 1902. Middle Aged Love Stories. 1903. • Memoirs of a Baby. 1904. The Bomestic Adventurers. 1907. * Biography of a Boy. 1910. While Caroline Was Growing. i9ir. Margarita's Soul. 1909. (Under the pseudonym " Ingraham Lovell.") Open Market. 1915. When Binks Came. 1920. Studies AND Reviews Am. M. 69 ('10): 76s, 766 (por- Bookm. 27 ('08): 159. trait) . Critic, 40 ('02) : 33 2 (portrait) , 335 . Bk. Buyer, 20 ('00): 191 (por- Outlook, 78 ('04): 288 (portrait). trait). Ray Stannard Baker ('T3avid Grayson ")— man of letters. Bom at Lansing, Michigan, 1870. B. S., Michigan Agri- cultural College, 1889. Studied law and literature at Uni- versity of Michigan; LL. D., 1917. On the Chicago Record, 1892-7. Managing editor of McClure's Syndicate, 1897-8, and associate editor of McClure's Magazine, 1899-1905. On the American Magazine, 1906-15. Director of Press Bureau of the American Commission to Negotiate Peace a± Paris, 1919. His studies of country life imder the pseudonym "David Grayson " are widely popular. Bibliography Adventures in Contentment. 1907. Adventures in Friendship. 1910. The Friendly Road. 1913. Hempfield. 1915. , Great Possessions. 1917. Sttjdies and Reviews Acad. 86 ('14): 137. Bookm. (Lond.) 39 ('11): 290; Am. M. 78 ('14) : 38. 47 ('14) : io7- Bookm. 43 ('16): I (portrait^ McClure's, 24 ('04): 108, no 394. (portrait). John Eendrick Bangs (New York, 1862-1922) — ^humorist. Published some sixty volumes of prose sketches, verses, stories, and plays, most of which belong to the nineteenth century. Characteristic volumes are: Coffee and Repartee. 1893. A House Boat on the Styx. 1895. The Bycyclers and Other Farces. 1896. A Rebellious Heroine. 1896. Alice in Blunderland. 1907. Autobiography of Methuselah. 1909. The Foothills of Parnassus. 1914. For complete bibliography, cf. Who's Who in America. John Kendrick Bat^s^^ontimied Studies and Reviews Halsey. Bookm. IS ('9?)- 4i» (pQrtmt). Haxkins. Critic, 42 I'os); i«S ^orteit). H»ip.. W. 46 Co?): S9s; 51 ('97): Bk. Buyer, 20 ('00) : 183 (portrait), $$, a^, {Pojlraite.) 208. Rex Ellingwood Beach (Michigan, 1877) — novelist. Writer of novels of adventiire, mainly about Alaska. For l>ibli(^aphy, see Who's Who in America^ (Charles) William Beebe — ^Nature writer. Bom at Brooklyn, 1877. B. §., Columbia, 18985 post- graduate work, 1898-9. Honorary Curator of Ornitlielogy, New York Zootogical Society since 1899; director of the British Guiana ZoSlogicsJ StatJQB. Has tmvded exteiasively i» Asia, South America, and Mmso, e^daJJy, for puiposes of observation. Suggestions fok Reading 1. Although Mr. Beebe is preeminently an oniitfaologtst, he belongs to literature by reason of the volumes of nature studies listed below. A comparisoi} of his books with those of the English ornithplogist, W. H. Hudson (cf. Manly and Rickert, ConUmporgry British Literature) is illuminatw^e of the merits of both. 2. Another interesting compariscoi may be made between Mr. Beebe's descriptions of the jimgle in Jungle Peace and H. M. Tomlinson's in Sea and Jungle (cf . Manly and Rickert, op. cit.). |. An analysis pf the use of suggestion in appeal to the different senses brings out one <;rf the main sources ©f Mr. Beebe's charm as a writer. 4. Read aloud several fine passages to observe the prose rhythms, 13 (Charles) William Beehe— Continued Bibliography Two Bird Lovers in Mexico. 1905. The Log of the Sun. 1906. Our Search for a Wilderness. 1910. (With Mrs. Beebe.) Tropical Wild Life in British Guiana. 1917. * Jungle Peace. 1918. Edge of the Jungle. 1921. Studies and Reviews Nation, 106 ('18): 213. Travel, 38 ('21): 17 (portrait). Science, n. s. 50 ('19): 473. See also Book Review Digest, 1918, Spec. 9S Cos): 1128. 1921. David Belasco — dramatist. Bom at San Francisco, 1859. Stage manager of various theatres and producer of many plays. Owner and manager of Belasco Theatre, New York City. His most successful recent play. The Return of Peter Grimm (1911), is printed by Baker, Modern American Plays, 1920, and by Moses, Representative Plays by American Dramatists, 1918-21, III. For bibliography of unpublished plays, cf. Cambridge, III (IV), 763. Stxjdies and Reviews Eaton, W. P. Plays and Players. Acad. 83 ('12): 673. 1916. Nation, 109 ('10): 525. Moses. New Repub. 8 ('16): i$$. Winter, William. Life of David Theatre Arts M. s ('21): 259 Belasco. 1918. = Outlook, 127 ('21): 418 (por- trait). Stephen Vincent Benet — ^poet, novelist. Bom at Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, 1898; brother of Wil- Uam Rose Benet (q. v.) Graduate of Yale, 1919. Mr. Benet's work at once attracted attention by its quali- ties of exuberance and fancy. In 1921, he shared with Carl Sandburg (q. v.) the prize of the Poetry Society of America. 14 Stephen Vincent B&i6t—ConHntied Bibliography Five Men and Pompey. ipis- The Drug Shop. 1917. Young Adventure. 1918. Heavens and Earth. 1920. The Beginning of Wisdom. 1921. (Novel.) Stxjdies and Reviews Bookm. 47 ('18): SS8 (Phelps); Poetry, 16 ('20): 53; 20 ('22): 340. 54 ('21): 394. See also Book Review Digest, 1919, Dial, 71 ('21): S97- 1920,1921. William Rose Ben€t — ^poet. Bom at Fort Hamilton, New York Harbor, 1886. Ph. B., Sheffield Scientific School, Yale, 1907. Free lance writer in California 1907-11. Reader for the Century Magazine, 1911- 18. In 1920, associate editor of the Literary Review of the New York Evening Post. Mr. Benet's verse has attracted attention for its pictorial imagination, vigorous rhythms, and grotesque and lively fancy. Bibliography Merchants from Cathay. 1913. The Falconer of God. 1914. The Great White Wall. 1916. The Burglar of the Zodiac. 1918. Perpetual Light. 1919. Moons of Grandeur. 1920. Studies and Reviews Untermeyer. Poetry, 5 ('14): 91; 9 ('17): 322; 12 ('18): 216; IS ('19): 48. Bookm. 47 ('18); SS8; 5i ('21): R. of Rs. 51 ('ij): 7S9- 168. See also Book Review Digest, 1914, Dial, 56 ('14): 67. 1917, 1918, 1920. IS Eoarad Bercovici— story writer, BiBLIOGSAFHY The Crimes of Charity. 191 7. (With introduction by John Reed.) Dust of New York. 1919. (Short stories.) Ghiza and Other Romances of Gipsy Blood. ig2t. For reviews, see Book Review Digest, 1917, i9i9> 1921. Edwin (August) Bjdrknuin — critic. Bom at Stockholm, Sweden, 1866. Educated in Stock- holm high school. Clerk, actor, and journalist in Sweden, 1881-91. Came to America, 1891. On staffs of St, Paul and Minneapolis papers, 1892-7; on the New York Sun and New York Times, 1897-1905. On the editorial staff of the New York Evening Post, 1906. Department editor of Th0 World's Work and editor of the Modem Drama Series, igia---. BrBL106ftAI>a¥ Is There Anything New Under the Sun? 191 1. Gleams: A Fragmentary Interpretation of Man and His World. 19I2. Voices of To-morrow. 1913. The Soul of a Child. 1924. (Novel.) Studies and Reviews Cur. Op. ss ('13): 190 (portrait). See also Book Remew Digest, 1913. R. of Rs. 4S ('12): IIS (portrait). Maxwell Bodenheim — ^poet. Bom at Natchez, Mississippi, 1892. Grammar school education. Served in the U. S. Army, 1910-ij. Studied law and art in Chicago. StTGGESnONS FOR REAOmO Mr. Bodenheim gets his effects by his management of de- tail. For this neason, his use of picture-making words and suggestive phrases offers material for special study. See the New Republic, 13 ('17): 211, for his own statement of his creed. 16 Maxwell Boieslheim-^ontmued BiBUOGRAFHY Minna and Myself. 1918. Advice. 1920. Introducing Irony. 1922. Also in: Poetry. (Passim.) The Little Review. (Passim.) Studies and Reviews Untenneyex. Ppfitry, 13 ('19): 342. See also Peok Heview Digest, Dial, 66 ('19): 356; 69 ('20): 645. J920, i9?i. Gamaliel Bradford — man of letters. Boro at Boston, 1S63, Studied at Harvard, 1882; no de- gree, because of jU health. Has confined his attentioa almost entirely to literature since 188O. Specialises in character portraits. BiBLIOGSAFHY Types of American Character. 1895. A Pageant of Life. 1904. The Private Tutor. 1904. Between Two Masters. 1996. Matthew Porter. 1908. Lee, the American. 1912. Confederate Portraits. 1914. Union Portraits. 1916. Portraits of Women. 1916. A Naturalist of Souls. 1917. Portraits of American Women. 1919. The Prophet of Joy. 1920. (Poems.) Shadow Verses. 1920. American Portraits. 1922. Studies and Review? BookBL 41 (.'is)- 586 (portrait); New Repuh. 9 ('16): supp. p. 3. 52 ('20): I7Q, See also Book Review Pigest, 1916, Nation, 112 ('21): 86. 1920. 17 George H. Broadhurst (1866) — dramatist. Of his plays the following have been published: What Happened to Jones. 1897. The Man of the Hour. 1908. Why Smith Left Home. 191 2. The Law of the Land. 19 14. Innocent. 1914. Bought and Paid for. 1916. For bibliography of impublished plays, see Cambridge, III (IV), 773. Alter Brody — ^poet. Bom in Russia, 1895, of a Russian-Jewish family. Came to New York when he was eight years old. Very little edu- cation. Translated for Jewish and American newspapers. His first poems appeared in The Seven Arts (cf. James Oppen- heim). His one book, A Family Album, 1918, is interesting for its realistic pictures of New York as seen through the tem- perament of a Russian Jew. Studies and Reviews Untermeyer. See also Book Review Digest, 1918. Poetry, 14 ('19): 280. Charles (Stephen) Brooks — essa)dst. Bom in 1878. Graduate of Yale. Business man in Cleve- land. Essay writing an avocation. Bibliography Journeys to Bagdad. 1915. "There's Pippins and Cheese to Come." 1917. Chimney-Pot Papers. 1919. Luca Sarto. 1920. (Historical novel.) Hints to Pilgrims. 1921. Frightful Plays! 1922. Studies and Reviews Bookm. 47 ('18): 439 (portrait). See^ aXso Book Review Digest, 1916, Nation, 109 ('19); 178. 1917, 1919, 1920. Review, 2 ('20): 463. 18 Van Wyck Brooks — critic. Bom at Plainfield, New Jersey, 1886. A. B., Harvard, 1907. Taught at Leland Stanford, 1911-3. With the Century Company since 1915. BffiLIOGRAPHY The Wine of the Puritans. 1909. The Malady of the Ideal. 1913. John Addington Symonds — a Biographical Study. 1914. The World of H.G.Wells. 1915. America's Coming-of-Age. 1915. Letters and Leadership. 1918. The Oideal of Mark Twain. 1919. The History of a Literary Radical; a Biography of Randolph Bourne. 1920. Studies and Reviews Bookm. 41 ('is): 132 (portrait); See also Book Review Digest, igi^, 52 ('21): 333. 191S, 1918, 1920. Dial, 69 ('20): 293. Heywood (Campbell) Broun — critic, essayist. Bom at Brooklyn, New York, 1888. Studied at Harvard, 1906-10. On Morning Telegraph, New York, 1908-9, 191 1- 12; New York Tribune, 1912-21. Now with New York World. War correspondent in France, 1917. Bibliography A. E. F. — ^With General Pershing and the American Forces. 1918. Seeing Things at Night. 1921. Studies and Reviews Bookm. 53 ('21): 443. See also Book Review Digest, igtS; Cur. Op. 67 ('19): 315. 1921. Dial, 6s ('18): 125. Alice Brown — short-story writer, novelist, dramatist. Bom on a farm near Hampton Falls, New Hampshire, 1857. Graduated from Robinson Seminary, Exeter, New Hampshire, 1876. Lived on a farm many years and loves outdoor life. Many years on staff of Youth's Companion. 19 Alice Brown — Continued Her stories of New England life should be compared with those of Sarah Orne Jewett and Mary Wilkins Freeman (q. v.). In 1915, she won the Wiftthrop Ames $10,000 ptke for her play, Children of Earth. BibliogeaSBK Foob of Nature. 1887. * Meadow-Giass. 1895. (Short stories.) Robert Louis Stevenson — ^A Study. 1895. (With Louise ImogMie Guiney.) By Oak and Thorn. 1896. (Englisli travele,> The Road to Castaly. 1896. (Poems.) The Day of His Youth. 1897. * Tiverton Tales. 1899. (Short stories.) King's End. 1901. Margaret Warrcner. igoi. Judgment. 1903. The Mannerings. 1903. The Merrylinks. 1903. High Noon. 1904. (Short stories.) Paradise. 1905. The C(»tm(y Road. 1906. The Coaft of Love. 1906. Rose MacLeod. 1908. The Story of Thyrza. 1909. Coimtty Neighbors. 19 10. (Short stories.) John Winterboume's Family, igre. The One-Footed Fairy. i()ir. (Short stories.) The Secret of the Clan. 1912. Vanishing Points. 1913. (Short stories.) Robin Hood's Bam. 1913. My Love and I. 1913. (tJnder the pseudonym "Martin Redfield.") * Children of Earth. 1915. (Play.) The Prisoner. 1916. Bromley Neighborhood. 1917. The Flying Teuton. 1918. (Short stories.) The Black Vt&p. igig. HottUSfjoa and Gold> 1O20. (Short stories.) The Wind between the Worlds, igao. (Short stories.) Louise Imogene Guiney. 1921. Ofle Act Plays. 1921. Alice BtoWi— Contented Studies and Reviews Overton. Cur. Op. S7 ('14): 28. Pattee. Lit. Digest, 48 ('14): i43S- Rittenhouse. Outlcx)k, 123 ('19): S14 (portrait), R. of Rs. 39 ('09): 761; 43 ('"): Acad. 76 ('09): 110. i2t. (Portraits.) Atlan. 98 ('06): ss. Spec. 102 ('09): 785. Arthur Bullard ("Albert Edwards ")— novelist. Bom at St. Joseph, Missouri, 1869. Studied about two years at Hamilton College. Settlement worker, probation oficer of Prison Association of New York, 1903H6. Since 1906, has traveled widely. In Russia and Siberia, 191 7-9. Foreign correspondent for different magazines both before and during the War. Socialist. Bibliography *AMan'&Woi1d. 191 2. Comrade Yetta>. 1913. The Barbary Coast. 1913. (Travels.) The Stranger. 1920. Studies and Reviews Bookm. 37 ('13): S18 (twrtrait). R. of Rs. 47 ('13): 244 (portrait). Cur. Lit. 53 ('12): 698, 699 See also Book Review Digest, (portrait). 1913) 1916) 1920. New Seprufei, a ('2-s): 361; h (•id): iS^ (Frank) Gelett Burgess (Mas^chusettg, t866)— humorist. Inventor of the "Goops" and of "Bromide" {Are You a Btdmide? 1007). The humor of his illustrations contributes gfeitly to the success of his Writiag. For bibliography, of. Who's Who in America. Studies and Reviews Bookm. S3 ('21): 488. R. of Rs. 35 ('07): 116 (portrait). Overland, n. s. 60 ('12): 377. Frances Hodgson Burnett (Mrs. Stephen Townsend)— novelist. Born at Manchester, England, 1849, but went to live at Knoxville, Tennessee, 1865. She began to write for maga- zines in 1867. Bibliography That Lass o' Lowrie's. 1877. Through One Administration. 1883. Little Lord Fauntleroy. 1886. (Dramatized.) Editha's Burglar. 1888. The One I Knew the Best of All. 1893. (Autobiographical.) A Lady of Quality. 1896. (Dramatized; with Stephen Townsend.) T. Tembaron. 1913. The White People. 1917. The Head of the House of Coombe. 1922. Studies and Reviews Halsey. (Women.) Cur. Lit. 37 ('04): 321 (portrait). Harkins. (Women.) Good Housekeeping, 74 ('22): Overton. Feb., p. 27 (portrait). See also Book Review Digest, 1915- Am. M. 70 ('10): 748 (portrait). 1917. Bookm. 20 ('04): 276 (portrait). John BtUTOUghs — ^Nature writer, essa3dst, poet. Born at Roxbury, New York, 1837. Academy education with honorary higher degrees. Taught for about eight years; clerk in the Treasury, 1864-73; national bank examiner, 1873-84. From 1874 lived on a farm, after 1884 dividing his time between market gardening and literature. He died in 192 1. Mr. Burroughs' cottage in the woods not far from West Park, New York, appropriately called "Slabsides," has be- come famous and an effort is being made to keep it for the nation. Mr. Burroughs continued to write and pubUsh to the time of his death. John Burroughs— CoM/iM«a/ Bibliography Notes on Walt Whitman as Poet and Person. Wake Robin. 1871. Winter Sunshine. 1875. Birds and Poets. 1877. Locusts and WM Honey. 1879. Pepacton. i88i. Fresh Fields. 1884. Signs and Seasons. i386. Indoor Studies. 1889. Riverby. 1894. Whitman, a Study. 1896. The Light of Day. 1900. Squirrels and Other Fur Bearers. 1900. Literary Values. 1904. Far and Near. 1904. Ways of Nature. 1905. Bird and Bough. 1906. (Poems.) Camping and Tramping with Roosevelt. 1907, Leaf and Tendril. 1908. Time and Change. 1912. The Summit of the Years. 1913. The Breath of Life. 1915. Under the Apple Trees. 1916. Field and Study. 1919. Acx«pting the Universe. 1920. My Boyhood: A^ Autobiography. 1922. 1867. Studies and Reviews Barrus, Clara. Our Friend John Burroughs. 1914. John Burroughs. Boy and Man. 1920. Halsey. James, Henry. Views and Re- views. 1908. Loach, De, R. J. H. Rambles with John Burroughs. 1912. Sharp, Dallas Lore. The Seer of Slabsides. 1921. Atlan. 106 ('10): 631; 128 ('21): 517- Bookm. 49 ('19) : 389. Cent. 63 ('02): 860 (poem by Edwin Markam to John Bur- roughs); 80 ('10): S'2i; i°i ('21): 619; 102 ('21): 731. (Hamlin Garland.) Craftsman, 8 ('05): 564; 22 ('12): 240, 3S7. 525, 63s; 27 ('is): S90- Critic, 47 Cos): 101 (portraits). Cur. Lit. 4S ('08): 60; 49 ('10): 680; so ('11): 413 (portrait). Cur. Op. 70 ('21): 644 (portrait), 667; 71 ('21): 74. 23 John Biinoughs— Continued Dial, 32 ('02): 7. No. Am. 314 ('21): 177. Edin. R. 208 ('08): 343. Outlook, 66 ('00): 351 (portrait); Lit. Digest, 48 ('14): 1441; 69 109 {'is)- 3H (partrsit?); 127 ('21): Apr. 16, p. 23. ('21): 580 (pprtrftjt), 582; l?9 Liv. Age, 248 ('06): 188. (W. H. ('21): 344. Hudson.) R. of Rs. 63 ('21): 517 (portrait). Nation, 112 ('21): 531. Review, 4 ('2i);^38. New Repub. 26 ('21): 186. Richard (Eugene) Burton — critic, poet Born at Hartford, Connecticut, 1861. A. B., Trinity College, 1883; Ph. D., Johns Hopkins, 1888. I^ree years of teaching, editorial work, and travel abroad. Editor of the Hartford Courant, 1890-7. Associate editor of Warner's li- brary of the World's Best Literature, 1897^. He»d of the En- glish department at the University of Minnesota, 1898-1902 and 1906^. Besides his critical work, he has written a novel, a play, and a number of volumes of poetry. For complete bibU- ography, cf. Who's Who in America. BiBUOGRAPHV Literary Likings. 1898. Forces in Fiction. 1902. Literary Leaders of America. 1904. The New American Drama. 1913. How to See a Play. i9r4. Bernard Shaw^— The Han and the Mask. 1916. Studies and reviews Rittenhouse. Chaut. 38 ('03): 82 (portrait). Lond. Times, Mar. 17, 19x0: 95. Bookm. 47 ('18): 548. R. of Rs; 55 ('17); 214 (portrait). Witter Bynner— poet, dramatist. Bom at Brooklyn, i88i. A. B., Harvard, 1902. Assistant editor of McClure's Magazine, 1902-6. Literary adviser to various publishing companies. Has recently traveled in the Orient. Under the pseudonym "Emanuel Morgan," 24 Witter BjBner— Continued Mr. Bynoer was co-author with Arthur Davison Ficke (q. v.) (tf spectra, 1916, a burlesque of modem tendencies in poetry, whidi somt critics took seriously. BlBLIOdSAPHY An Ode to Harvard. 1907. (=Y6uflg Harvard, 1918.) Tiger. 1913. (Play.) The Little King. 3914. (Pby.) The New World. 1915. Spectra. 1916. (Under pseudonyiii "Smdnuel Morgan," *ith Arthur Daviscot fMie, i}. v.) Gienstone Poems, igtj. A Canticle of Prdse. 19191 The Beloved Stnmger. 1919. A Canticle of Pan and Other Poems. 1920. IlflS f or \IKAg&. lOM. (tTndef pseudonym "Emaffiid Mofgan.") Snoutes And Reviews Boyntoft Mentor, 7 ('19): supp. (portrait). lfnteniiey«Sr, Nation, 109 ('19): 440. New Repub. 9 (16): supp. p. 13. Acad. 96 ('f4>3 687. (Review of Spectra, Bynner.> Beota». 47 ('!«): 394. Poetry, 7 ('15): 147} la ('18): 169; Di^,67 ('19): 302. IS ('20): 2&1. forum, ss ('16): 675, See also Book Rmeie Digest, i$f 4, Fftaaaii, 1 ('«5): 47». 1920, 1921. Jiunes BfaAch Cabell--aovelist, critic. Bom at Richmond, Viiginia, 1^879, of an old Southen» family. A. B., William aad Mary College 1898, where he taught French and Greek, 1896-7. Newspaper work from 1899=^x901. Since then he has devoted his time almost en- tirety to the study and writing of Uterature. His study of gen«d0gy and history has an important bearing upon his creative work, StrcdiSndtf s for Reading I. Before reading Mr. Cabell's stories, read his Beyond Life, which explains his theory of romance. He maintains that aft should be based on the dream of life as it should be, not 25 James Branch C&heU— Continued as it is; that enduring literature is not "reportorial work"; that there is vital falsity in being true to life because "facts out of relation to the rest of life become Ues," and that art therefore "must become more or less an allegory." 2. Mr. Cabell's fiction falls into two divisions: (i) Romances of the middle ages. (2) Comedies of present-day Virginia. Both elements are found in The Cream of the Jest (cf . with Du Maurier's Peter Ibbetson). The romances illustrate different aspects of his theory of chivalry; the modern come- dies, his theory of gallantry (cf. Beyond Life). 3. In his romances he has created an imaginary province of France, the people of which bear names and use idioms drawn from widely diverse and incongruous sources. His effort to create mediaeval atmosphere by the use of archaisms does not preclude modern idiom and slang. Through all this work, elaborate pretense of non-existent sources of the tales and frequent allusions to fictitious authors are a part of the' method. After reading some of these stories, consider the following criticism from the London Times quoted by Mr. Cabell himseff at the end of Beyond Life: "It requires a nicer touch than Mr. Cabell's, to reproduce the atmosphere of the Middle Ages . . . the artifice is more apparent than the art. . . ." 4. An interesting study is to isolate the authors for whom Mr. Cabell expresses particular admiration and those for whom he expresses contempt in Beyond Life and to deduce from his attitudes his pecuUar literary qualities. 5. Mr. Cabell's style is notable for the elaboration of its rhythm, its careful avoidance of cliches, its preference for rare, archaic words and its allusiveness. Consider it from the point of view of sincerity, simplicity, clarity, and charm. Does it intensify or dull your interest in what he has to say? Study, for example, the following exposition of his theory of art: For the creative artist must remember that his book is structurally different from life, in that, were there nothing else, his book begins and 26 James Branch C&heO.— Continued ends at a definite point, whereas the canons of heredity and religion forbid us to believe that life can ever do anything of the sort. He must remember that his art traces in ancestry from the tribal huntsman telling tales about the cave-fire; and so, strives to emulate not human life, but human speech, with its natural elisions and falsifications. He must remember, too, that his one concern with the one all-prevalent truth in normal existence is jealously to exclude it from his book. . . . For "living" is to be conscious of an incessant series of less than mo- mentary sensations, of about equal poignancy, for the most part, and of nearly equal unimportance. Art attempts to marshal the shambling procession into trimness, to usurp the r61e of memory and convention in assigning to some of these sensations an especial prominence, and, in the old phrase, to lend perspective to the forest we cannot see because of the trees. Art, as long ago observed my friend Mrs. Kennaston, is an expurgated edition of nature: at art's touch, too, " the drossy particles fall o£E and mingle with the dust" (Beyond Life, p. 249). In summing up Mr. Cabell's work, consider the following: (i) Has he a definite philosophy? (2) Has he a genuine sense of character or do his char- acters repeat the same personahty? (3) Is he a sincere artist or " a self-conscious attitudinizer? " (4) Is he likely ever to hold the high place in American hterature which by some critics is denied him today? If so, on what basis? BiBUOGRAEHY The Eagle's Shadow. 1904. The Line of Love. 1905. Gallantry. 1907. Chivalry. 1909. The Cords of Vanity. 1909. The Soul of Melicent. 1913. The Rivet in Grandfather's Neck. 1915. The Certain Hour. 1916. From the Hidden Way. 1916. (Verse.) The Cream of the Jest. 1917. Jurgen. 1919. Beyond Life. 1919. (Essays.) The Cords of Vanity. 1920. (Revised.) Domnei. 1920. (New version of The Soul of Melicent.) The Judging of Jurgen. 1920. Figures of Earth. 1921. Taboo. 1921. 27 James Branch Cabell — Continued Studies and Reviews Walpole, Hugh. The Art of Dial, $4 ('i8): 59a; 66 ('19): ?2S. James Branch Cabell. 1920. Harp. W. 49 ('05): 1598 (portrait). Lon4- Times, Nov. ?4i iQw: 767- Ath. 1919, 2: 1339. (Cpnrad Nation, xii ('20): 343; 112 {'«i): Aiken.) 914. (Carl Van Doren,) Bookm. sz ('20); 200. New Repub, 26 ('21): J67. Cur. Op. 66 ('19): 254; 70 ('2i): Yal? R. n. ?. 9 i'go); 684- (Wal- S37. (Portraits.) pole.) George Washington Cable'— novelist. Born at New Orleans, 1844. Educated in public schools, but has honorary higher degrees. Served in the Confederate army, 1863-5. Reporter on the New Orli^ns Picayune and accountant with a firm of cotton factors, 1865-79. Since 1879, has devoted his time to literature. Mr. Cable became at once famous for his studies of Louisi- ana life in Old Creole Days, and his pictures of this life have given him a permanent place in American literature. His stories should be read in connection with those of Kate Chopin and of Grace King (q. v.). BiBLIOGKAPHY * Old Creole Days. 1879. * The Grandissimes. A Stoiy of Creole Life. 1880. * Madame Delphine. 1881. The Creoles of Louisiana. 1884. The Silent South. 1885. (Articles.) Dr. Sevier. 1885. Bonaventure. A Prose Pastoral of Louisiana. 1888. Strange True Stories of Louisiana. 1889. The Negro Question. 1890. (Articles.) John March, Southerner. 1894. Strong Hearts. 1899. The Cavalier. 1901. Bylow Hill. 1902. Kincaid's Battery. 1908. Posson Jone and Pere Raphael, 1909. The Amateur Garden. 1914. Gideon's Band. 1914. The Flower of the Chapdelaines. 1918. * Lovers of Louisiana. 1918. 28 George Washington Cable — Continued Studies and Reviews Harkins. Critic, 47 ('05): 426. Pattee. Haip. W. 43 ('01): 1082 (por- Toulmin. trait). Outlook, 69 ('01): 42s; 93 ('09): Countryside M. 23 ('16): 274 68g. (Portraits.) (portrait). So. Atlan. Q. 18 ('19): 145. Abraham Cahan — ^noveKst. Of Lithuanian-Jewish ancestry. Became editor of the Arbeiter Zeitung, 1891, and of The Jewish Daily Forward, 1897. A journalist who has done most of his work in Yiddish, but who has ako written one remarkable novel in English: The Rise of David Lemnsky, 1917. Studies and Reviews Cambridge. Nation, 105 ('17): 432. Van Doren, New Repub. 14 ('17): 31. See also Book Review Digest, 1917. Dial, 63 ('17): S2I. (William) Bliss Carman— poet. Bom at Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada, 1861. His ancestors hved in Connecticut at the time of the Revolution. A. B., University of New Brunswick, 1881; A. M., 1884. Studied at the University of Edinburgh, 1882-3, and at Harvard, 1886-8. Studied law two years. LL. D., Uni- versity of New Brunswick, 1906. Came to hve in the United States, 1889. Has been teacher, editor, and dvil engineer. In collaboration with Mary Perry King, Mr. Carman has produced several poem-dances (Daughters of Dawn, 1913, and Earth Deities, 1914), which it is interesting to compare with Mr. Lindsay's development of the idea of the poem-game. Mr. Carman's most admired work is to be found in the Vagabondia volumes, in three of which he collaborated with Richard Hovey (1894,, 1896, 1900). His Collected Poems were pubUshed in 1905, and his Echoes from Vagabondia, 1912. 29 (William) Bliss Caxman— Continued Studies and Reviews Rittenhouse. Critic, 40 ('02): iss (portrait), 161; 42 ('03): 397 (portrait). Bookm. II ('00): 519, S2I (por- Ind. S7 ('04): "3i. "32 (por- trait), trait); 65 ('08): 1335 (por- Canad. M. 40 ('13): 4SS (portrait); trait). 47 ('16): 42s (portrait); 56 Lit. Digest, 50 ('15): 113- ('21): S2I. R. of Rs. 46 ('12): 619 (portrait). Willa Sibert Gather — novelist, short-story writer. Born at Winchester, Virginia, 1875. A.B., University of Nebraska, 1895; Litt. D., 1917. On staff of Pittsburgh Daily Leader, 1897-1901. Associate editor of McClure's Magazine, 1906-12. Suggestions for Reading 1. Miss Gather's special field is the pioneer life of immigrants in the Middle West. Points to be considered are : (i) her real- ism; (2) her detachment or objectivity; (3) her sympathy. 2. In what other respects does she stand out among the leading women novelists of today? 3. What is the value of her material? 4. Compare her studies with those of Cahan (q. v.), Coumos (q. v.), and Tobenkin (q. v.). Bibliography April Twiliglits. 1903. (Poems.) The Troll Garden. 1905. Alexander's Bridge. 1912. The Bohemian Girl. 1912. * O Pioneers. 1913. The Song of the Lark. 1915. * My Antonia. 1918. Youth and the Bright Medusa. 1920. (Short Stories.) One of Ours. 1922. Studies and Reviews Overton. Lond. Times, June 23, 1921: 403. Nation, 113 ('21): 92. Bookm. 21 Cos): 436 (portrait); New Repub.25 ('21) : 233. 27 ('08): 152 (portrait); 53 See also Book Review Digest, 1913, ('21): 212 (portrait). 1918, 1920. 30 George Randolph Chester (Ohio, 1869)— novelist, short- story writer. The inventor of the Get-Rich-Quick-Wdt- Ungford type of fiction. For bibUography, see Who's Who in America. Winston Churchill— novelist. Bom at St. Louis, 1871. Graduate of U. S. Naval Acad- emy, 1894. Honorary higher degrees. Member of New Hampshire Legislature 1903, 1905. Fought boss and cor- poration control and was barely defeated for governor of the state, 1908. Lives at Cornish, New Hampshire. Suggestions for Reading As an aid to analysis of Mr. Churchill's work, consider Mr. Carl Van Doren's article in the Nation, of which the most striking passages are quoted below: To reflect a little upon this combination of heroic color and moral earnestness is to discover how much Mr. Churchill owes to the element injected into American life by Theodore Roosevelt. . . . Like him Mr. Churchill has habitually moved along the main lines of national feeling — believing in America and democracy with a fealty unshaken by any adverse evidence and delighting in the American pageant with a gusto rarely modified by the exercise of any critical intelligence. Morally he has been strenuous and eager; intellectually he has been naive and belated. Once taken by an idea for a novel, he has always burned with it as if it were as new to the world as to him. Here lies, without much ques- tion, the secret of that genuine earnestness which pervades all his books: he writes out of the contagious passion of a recent convert or a still excited discoverer. Here lies, too, without much question, the secret of Mr. ChurchUl's success in holding his audiences: a sort of unconscious politician among novelists, he gathers his premonitions at happy mo- ments, when the drift is already setting in. Never once has Mr. Churchill like a philosopher or a seer, run oS alone. Even for those, however, who perceive that he belongs intellectually to a middle class which is neither very subtle nor very profound on the one hand nor very shrewd or very downright on the other, it is im- possible to withhold from Mr. Churchill the respect due a sincere, 31 Winston ChvaciuSl— Continued scrupulous, and upright man who has served the truth and bis art ac- cording to his lights. . . . The sounds which have reached liim from among the people have come from those who eagerly aspire to better things arrived at by orderly progress, from those who desire in some lawful way to outgrow the injustices and inequalities of civil existence and by fit methods to free the human spirit from all that clogs and stifles it. But as they aspire and intend better than they think, so, in concert with them, does Mr. Churchill. Bibliography *The Celebrity. 1898. Richard Carvel. 1899. The Crisis. 1901. Mr. Keegan's Elopement. 1903. The Crossing. 1904. The Title-Mart. 1905. (Play.) * Coniston. 1906. * Mr. Crewe's Career. 1908. A Modern Chronicle. 1910. * The Inside of the Cup. 1913. A Far Country. 1915. The Dwelling Place of Light. 1917. A Traveller in War-Time. 1918. Dr. Jonathan. 1919. (Play.) Studies and Reviews Cooper. Harkins. Underwood. Bookm. 27 ('08): 729 (portrait); 31 ('10): 246 (portrait); 41 ('is): 607. Bookm. (Lond.) 34 ('08): 152 (portrait). Collier's, 52 ('13): Dec. 27, p. 5 (portrait). Cur. Lit. 27 ('bo): 108; 52 ('12): 196 (portrait). Cur. Op. S5 ('13): 122, 341 (por- trait). Ind. S3 ('01): 2097; 61 ('06): 96. (Portraits.) Lit. Digest, 47 ('13): 250, 426, 1278. Nation, 112 ('21): 619. (Carl Van Doren.) Outlook, 90 ('08): 93. R. of Rs. 24 ('01): 588 (portrait); 30 ('04): 123 (portrait); 34 ('06): 142 (portrait); 37 ('08): 763 (portrait); 48 ('13): 46; S8 ('18): 328 (portrait). Spec. 93 ('04): 124. World's Work, 17 ('08): lopSQ (portrait), 11016. 32 (Charles) Badger Clark (Iowa, 1883)— poet. Deals with cowboy life. For bibliography, see Who^s Who in America. Sarah Norcliffe Cleghom— novelist, poet. Bom at Norfolk, Virginia, 1876, but since childhood has Uved in Vermont. Studied at RadcliflEe, 1895-6, In 1915 some of her l3nics were published in a volume of shorts stories called Hillsboro People, by her friend, Dorothy Can- field Fisher (q. v.). Sociahst, pacifist, and anti-\dvisectionist. Strong prop- agandist element in her work. The Spinster is said to con- tain much autobiography. Bibliography A Turnpike Lady. 1907. (Novel.) The Spinster. 1916. (Novel.) Fellow-Captains. 1916. (With Dorothy Canfield Fisher.) (Essays.) Portraits and Protests. 1917. (Poems.) Studies and Reviews Nation, 112 ('21): 512. See also Book Review Digest, iQiff, N*? Eng. M. n. s. 39 ('08): 236 1917. (portrait). Irvin S(lirewsbuiy) Cobb (Koitucky, 1876) — short-story writer, humorist, dramatist. His reputation is built upon his stories of Kentucky life and his humorous criticisms of contemporary manners. For bibUography, see Who's Who in America. Octavus Roy Cohen (South Carolina, 1891) — short-story writer. The discoverer of the Southern negro in town life. For bibUography, see Who's Who in America. Will Levington Comfort (Michigan, 1878) — ^novelist. Work consists mainly of romances of Oriental adventure. His book. Child and Country, igrd, is on education (cf. Book Review Digest, 1916). 33 Grace Walcott Hazard Conkling (Mrs. Roscoe Piatt Conkling) — poet. Born in New York City, 1878. Graduate of Smith College, 1899. Studied music and languages at the University of Heidelberg, 1902-3, and in Paris, 1903-4. Lived also in Mexico. Has taught in various schools, and since 19 14 has been a teacher of English at Smith College, where she has roused much interest in poetry. Mother of Hilda Conkling (q. v.). Bibliography Afternoons of April. 1915. (Collected poems.) Wilderness Songs. 1920. Studies and Reviews Poetry, 7 ('15): 152. See also Book Review Digest, 1915, 1920. Hilda Conkling— poet. Bom at Catskill-on-Hudson, New York, 1910, daughter of Grace Hazard Conkling (q. v.). She began to talk her poems to her mother at the age of four. Her mother took them down without change, merely arranging the line divi- sions. Her earliest expression was in the form of a chant to an imaginary companion to whom she gave the name "Mary Cobweb " (cf. Poetry, 14 ['19]: 344). Hilda Conkling's name is included in this list, not because her poems are remarkable for a child, but because they show actual achievement and the highest quality of imagination. Her work is to be found in Poetry, 8 ('16): 191; and 10 ('17): 197, and one volume has been published. Poems by a LUtte Girl, 1920 (with introduction by Amy Lowell). Studies and Reviews Bookm. SI ('20) : 314. Lit. Digest, 65 ('20) : June $, p. 50. Cur. Op. 68 ('20): 852. Poetry, 16 ('20): 222. Dial, 69 ('20): 186. See a\soBook Review Digest, ig20. James Brendan Connolly (Massachusetts) — short-story writer. Writes realistic sea stories. For bibliography, see Who's Who in America. 34 George Cram Cook (Iowa, 1873)— dramatist. Director of the Provincetown Players since 1915. With Susan Glaspell (q. v.) wrote Suppressed Desires (1915) and Tickless Time (ip2o). Other plays are: The Athenian Women. 1917. Spring. 1921. {Ci. Literary Rmemoitht New York Evening Post, Feb. 11, 1922, p. 419.) For complete bibliography, see WMs Who in America. Alice Corbin (Mrs. William Penhallow Henderson) — ^poet, critic. Bom at St. Louis, Missouri. Lived many years in Santa Fe, New Mexico, which has furnished material for many of her poems. Associate editor of Poetry since its foundation in 1912. Bibliography The Spinning Woman of the Sky. 1912. (Poems.) The New Poetry, An Anthology. 1917. (Compiled with Harriet Monroe, q. v.) Red Earth. 1920. Studies and Reviews Bookm. 47 ('18): 391. New Repub. 28 ('21): 304. Freeman, 4 ('22): 468. Poetry, 9 ('i6-'i7): 144, 232. John Coumos — novelist. Mr. Coumos' studies of the immigrant in America in The Mask, 1920, and The Wall, 1921, attracted attention. Studies and Reviews Bookm. SI ('20): 76. See also Book Review Digest, 1920, Dial, 68 ('20): 496. 1921. Freeman, 4 ('21): 238. Adelaide Crapsey — poet. Bom at Rochester, New York, 1878. A. B., Vassar, 1902. Taught English at Kemper Hall, Kenosha, Wisconsin, 1903. 3S Adelaide Crapsey— Continued In 1905, studied archaeology in Rome. Instructor in poetics at Smith College, 191 1; but stopped teaching because of failing health. Died at Saranac Lake, 1914. She had begun an investigation into the structure of EngUsh verse, which she was unable to finish. Her poems were nearly all written after her breakdown in 1913, and reflect the tragic experience through which she was passing. Some of them are written in a form of her own invention, the "cinquain " (five unrhymed lines, having two, fotir, six, eight, and two syllables). Suggestions for Reading 1. Miss Crapsey's theories of versification should be re- membered in studying her forms. 2. What is to be said of her verbal economy? 3. A comparison of her verses with those of Emily Dickin- son has been suggested. Carried out in detail, it suggests interesting points of difference as well as of resemblance. Bibliography Poems. 1915. Study in English Metrics. 1918. Studies and Reviews Untermeyer. Poetry, 10 ('17): 316. See also Book Review Digest, 1916, Bookm. 50 ('20): 496. 1918. Gladys Cromwell — ^poet. Bom in New York City, 1885. Educated in New York private schools and lived much abroad. In 1918, with her twin sister, she went into Red Cross Canteen work and was stationed at Chalons. As a result of depression due to nerve strain, both sisters committed suicide by jumping overboard from the steamer on which they were coming home. For their War service the French Government later awarded them the Croix de Guerre. Miss Cromwell's Poems in 1919 36 Gladys CTonmeU— Continued divided with Mr. Neihardt's (q. v.) Song of Three Friends the annual prize of the Poetry Society of America. Bibliography Gates of Utterance. 1915. Poems. 1919. Studies and Reviews Ath. 1920, i: 289. New Repub. 18 ('ig): 189; 22 Bookm. $1 ('20): 216. ('20): 65. Dial, 68 ('20): 534. Poetry, 13 ('19): 326; 16 '('20): 105. Lond. Times, April 15, 1920: 243. Rachel Crothers — dramatist. Bom at Bloomington, Illinois. Graduate of the Illinois State Normal School, Normal, Illinois, 1892. Miss Crothers directs her plays and sometimes acts in them. BlBLIOGRAEHY Ctiss Cross. 1904. The Rector. 1906. A Man's World, igij. The Three of Us. 1916. The Herfords. (Quinn, Representative American Plays, under the title He and She, 1917.) For bibliography of unpublished plays, cf . Cambridge, III (IV), 765. Studies and Reviews Eaton, W. P. At the New Theatre. Touchstone, 4 ('18) : 25 (portrait). 1910. World Today, 15 ('08): 729 Moses. (portrait). See also Book Review Digest, 1915. New Repub. 9 ('16): 217. Samuel McChord Crothers — essayist. Bom at Oswego, Illinois, 1857. A. B., Wittenberg College, 1873, Princeton, 1874. Studied at Union Theological Semi- nary, 1874-7, and at Harvard Divinity School, 1881-2. 37 Samuel McChord Ciolhers— Continued Higher honorary degrees. Ordained Presbyterian minister, 1877. Pastorates in Nevada and California. Became a Unitarian, 1882. Pastor in Brattleboro, Vermont, 1882-6; in St. Paul, Minnesota, 1886-94; and of the First Church, Cambridge, since 1894. Preacher to Harvard University. Dr. Crothers's essays are rich with suave and scholarly humor, and are written in a style suggestive of Lamb's. Bibliography The Gentle Reader. 1903. The Understanding Heart. 1903. The Pardoner's Wallet. 1905. The Endless Life. 1905. By the Chrismas Fire. 1908. Oliver Wendell Holmes and His Fellow Boarders. 1909. Among Friends. 1910. Humanly Speaking. 1912. Three Lords of Destiny. 1913. Meditations on Votes for Women. 1914. The Pleasures of an Absentee Landlord. 1916. The Dame School of Experience. 1920. Studies and Reviews Pattee. Cur. Op. 63 ('17): 406 (portrait). Outlook, 102 ('12): 64s (portrait), Bookm. 32 ('11): 631. 648. Critic, 48 ('06): 200 (portrait). So. Atlan. Q. 8 ('09): 150. James Oliver Curwood (Michigan, 1878) — noveUst. His material deals with primitive life in Canada. For bibliography, see Who's Who in America. Thomas Augustine Daly — ^poet. Born at Philadelphia, 1871. Left college without a degree. Honorary higher degrees. In 1889 became a newspaper man, and since 1891 has been connected as reviewer, editorial writer, and "columnist " with Philadelphia newspapers; as- sociate editor of the Evening Ledger, 1915-8. Mr. Daly has written good poetry in English, but is best 38 Thomas Augustine "Dalj— Continued known for the dialect verses which he has published in the columns edited by him. His most popular verses are in the Irish and Italian dialects. Bibliography Canzoni. igo6. Cannina. 1909. Madrigali. 1912. Songs of Wedlock. 1916. McAioni Ballads. 1919. Studies and Reviews Untenneyer. Dublin R. 155 (4 s., 46) ('14): 116. Outlook, 103 ('13): 261. Am. M. 70 ('10): 750 (portrait); Poetry, 16 ('20): 278. 89 ('20): June, p. 16. Olive Tilford Dargan (Mrs. Pegram Dargan)— poet, dramatist. Born in Kentucky. Educated at the University of Nash- ville and at Radcliffe. Taught in Arkansas, Missouri, Texas, and Canada until she married. Traveled abroad, 1910-14. Winner of $500 prize offered by the Southern Society of New York for best book by Southern writer, 1916. Bibliography Semiramis and Other Flays. (Carlotta, The Poet.) 1904. Lords and Lovers and Other Dramas. (The Shepherd, The Siege.) igo6. The Mortal Gods and Other Dramas. (A Son of Hermes, Kidmir.) 1912. The Welsh Pony. 1913. (Privately printed.) Path Flower and Other Poems. 1914. The Cycle's Rim. 1916. The Flutter of the Goldleaf and Other Plays. 1922. (With Frederick Peterson.) Studies and Reviews Bookm. 37 ('13): 123 (portrait). See also Booi iJew'ew Djgftsi, 1913, Outlook, 8s ('07): 328. 1914,1916. 39 Mary Carolyn Davies— poet. Bom at Sprague, Washington, and educated in and near Portland, Oregon. As a freshman at the University of Cali- fornia, she won the Emily Chamberlin Cook prize for poetry, 191 2, and also the Bohemian Club prize. The poems of Miss Davies express "the girl conscious- ness " (Kreymborg). Bibliography The Drums in Our Street. 1918. (Poems.) The Slave with Two Faces. igi8. (Play.) Youth Riding. 1919. (Lyrics.) A Little Freckled Person. 1919. (Child Verse.) The Husband Test. 1921. Also in: Others, 1916, 1917. Studies and Reviews Poetry, 12 ('18) : 218. See also Book Review Digest, 1919. Fannie Stearns Davis. See Fannie Steams Davis Gififord Margaretta Wade Deland (Mrs. Lorin F. Deland) — ^nov- elist, short-story writer. Born at a village called Manchester, now a part of Alle- ghany, Pennsylvania, 1857. Educated in private schools, and studied drawing and design at Cooper Institute. Later, taught design in a girls' school in New York City. Mrs. Deland's father was a Presbyterian and her mother an EpiscopaUan (cf. John Ward, Preacher), and her home town is the "Old Chester " of her books. Bibliography The Old Garden and Other Verses. 1887. * John Ward, Preacher. 1888. Florida Days. 1889. Sidney. 1890. The Story of a Child. 1892. Mr. Tommy Dove and Other Stories. 1893. Philip and His Wife. 1894. The Wisdom of Fools. 1897. (Short stories.) * Old Chester Tales. 1898. 40 Margaretta Wade Deland—Contitimd * Dr. Lavendar's People. 1903. (Short stories.) The Common Way. 1904. The Awakening of Helena Richie. 1906. An Encore. 1907. . R. J.'s Mother and Some Other People. 1908. The Way to Peace. 1910. The Iron Woman. 1911. The Voice. 1912. Partners. 1913. The Hands of Esau. 1914. Around Old Chester. 1915. (Short stories.) The Rising Tide. 1916. The Promises of Alice. 1919. Small Things. 1919. An Old Chester Secret. 1920. The Vehement Flame. 1922. Studies and Reviews Halsey. (Women.) Harp. 123 ('11): 963. Overton. Harp. W. 50 ('06): 859, iiio. Pattee. (Portraits.) Ind. 61 ('06): 337 (portrait). Bookm. 25 ('07): sii (portrait). Outlook, 64 ('00): 407; 84 ('06): Critic, 44 ('04): 107 (portrait). 730 (portrait); 99 ('11): 628. Cur. Op. 6s ('18): 178 (portrait). Floyd Dell — ^novelist. Bom in Barry, Illinois, 1887. Left school at sixteen for factory work. Literary editor of the Chicago Evening Post. Literary editor of The Masses and now of The Liberator. Bibliography Women as World Builders. 1913. Were You Ever a Child? 1919. (Education.) The Angel Intrudes, a Play in One Act. r9i8. Moon-Calf. 1920. Novel. The Briary Bush. 1921. (Novel.) Sweet and Twenty. 1921. (Comedy in One Act.) Studies and Reviews Bookm. S3 ('21); MS- New Repub. 25 ('20): 49; 29 Freeman, 2 ('21); 403. ('21): 78. Nation, in ('20) : 670. See also Book Review Digest, 1919, 1920, 1921. 41 Babette Deutsch (Mrs. Avrahm Yarmolinsky)— poet, critic. Bom in New York City, 1895. A. B., Barnard, 1917. Later, worked at the School for Social Research. She at- tracted attention by her first volume of poems, Banners, 1919. Studies and Reviews Poetry, 15 ('19): 166. See also Book Review Digest, 1921. John (Roderigo) Dos Passes — novelist. Mr. Dos Passos' presentation {Three Soldiers) of the experiences of privates in the U. S. Army during the War roused violent discussion. Bibliography One Man's Initiation. 1917. 1920. Three Soldiers. 1921. Rosinante to the Road Again. 1921. Studies and Reviews Bookm. S4 ('21): 393- Lit. Digest, 71 ('21): 29 (portrait). Cur. Op. 71 ('21): 624 (portrait). Lond. Mercury, 5 ('22): 319. Dial, 71 ('21): 606. See also Book Review Digest, 1921. Freeman, 4 ('21): 282. Theodore Dreiser — ^novelist, dramatist. Bom at Terre Haute, Indiana, 1871, of German ancestry. Educated in the pubhc schools of Warsaw, Indiana, and at the University of Indiana. Newspaper work in Chicago and St. Louis, 1892-5. Editor of Every Month (literary and musical magazine), 1895-8. Editorial positions on McClure's, Century, Cosmopolitan, and various other magazines, finally becoming editor-in-chief of the Butterick PubUcations {Delineator, Designer, New Idea, English Delineator), 1907-10. Organized the National Child Rescue Campaign, 1907. Suggestions For Reading I. As Mr. Dreiser is considered by many critics the novelist of biggest stature as yet produced by America, the nature 42 Theodore Dreiser — Continued and sources of his strength and of his weakness deserve care- ful analysis. Observe (i) that his attitude toward life and his general method derive from Zola; (2) that his materials are drawn from his extensive and varied experience as a journalist; (3) that these two facts are exemplified in brief in his biographical studies, Twelve Men, which are "human documents." 2. Note the dates of Sister Carrie and of Jennie Gerhardt, and work out Dreiser's loss and gain during the long period of silence between them. 3. Hey, Rub-a-Dub-Dub (cf. Nation, 109 ['19]: 278) should be read by every student of Dreiser, for its revelation of his attitude toward humanity, which contributes largely to the greatness of his work, and of his failure to think out a point of view, which is a fundamental weakness. Note his admission: "I am one of those curious persons who cannot make up their minds about anything." 4. With what types of material does Mr. Dreiser succeed best? Why? 5. Discuss Mr. Dreiser's style in connection with the fol- lowing topics: (i) economy; (2) realism; (3) suggestion; (4) taste; (5) rhythmic beauty. What deeply rooted de- fect is suggested by the following description of the Wool- worth Building in New York: — "lifts its defiant spear of clay into the very maw of heaven" ? 6. How far does Mr. Dreiser represent American life? Do you think his work will be for some time the best that we can do in literature? 7. Read Mr. Van Doren's article (listed below) for sug- gestion of other points for discussion. The following passage is especially significant: Not the incurable awkwardness of his style nor his occasional merci- less verbosity nor his too frequent interpositions of crude argument can destroy the e£Eect which he produces at his best — that of a noble spirit brooding over a world which in spite of many condemnations he deeply, somberly loves. Something peasantlike in his genius may blind him a little to the finer shades of character and set him astray in his reports of cultivated society. His conscience about telling the plain 43 Theodore Dreiser— Continued truth may suffer at times from a dogmatic tolerance which refuses to draw lines between good and evil or between beautiful and ugly or between wise and foolish. But he gains, on the whole, more than he loses by the magnitude of his cosmic philosophizing. . . . From some- where sound accents of an authority not sufficiently explained by the mere accuracy of his versions of life. Though it may indeed be difficult for a thinker of the widest views to contract himself to the dimensions needed for realistic art, and though he may often fail when he attempts it, when he does succeed he has the opportunity, which the mere world- ling lacks, of ennobling his art with some of the great lights of the poets. Bibliography * Sister Carrie. 1900. * Jennie Gerhardt. 1911. The Financier. 1912, A Traveller at Forty. 19 13. (Travel sketches.) The Titan. 1914. The Genius. 1915. Plays of the Natural and the Supernatural. 1916. A Hoosier Holiday. 1916. (Travel sketches.) Free and Other Stories. 1918. The Hand of the Potter. 1918. (Tragedy.) Twelve Men. 1919. (Biographical studies.) Key«rub-a.-dub-dub. 1920. Studies and Reviews Mencken, H. L., Prefaces. Egoist, 3 ('16): 159. Sherman, Stuart P., On Con- Ind. 71 ('11): 1267 (portrait), temporary Literature, 191 7. Lond. Times, June 23, 1921: 403. V/Nation,, loi ('15): 648 (Stuart P. *^Acad. 8s ('13): 133. (Frank Sherman); 112 ('21): 400. (Carl Harris.) Van Doren.) "^ookm. 34 ('11): 221 (portrait); New Repub. 2 ('15): supp. Apr. 38 ('14): 673; S3 ('21): 27 (por- 17, Pt. II, p. 7. trait). No. Am. 207 ('18): 902. Cur. Lit. S3 ('12): 696 (portrait), /^evifew, 2 ('20): 380. (Paul Cur. Op. 62 ('17): 344 (portrait); Ehner More.) 63 ('17): 191; 66 ('19): 175. R. of Rs. 47 ('13): 242 (portrait). I Dial, 62 ('17): 343, S07. Spec. 118 ('17): 139. William Edward Burghardt Du Bois — man of letters. Bom at Great Barrington, Massachusetts, 1865. Of negro descent but with large admixture of white blood. A. B., 44 William Edward Burghardt BuBois— Continued Fisk University, 1888; Harvard, 1890; A. M., 1891; Ph. D., 1895. Studied at the University of Berlin. Professor of economics and history, Atlanta University, 1896-1910. Director of publicity of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and editor of the Crisis, 1910 — . Mr. Du Bois is a distinguished economist and primarily a propagandist for the equal rights and education of the negro, but he belongs to literature as the author of Darkwater. Bibliography The Souls of Black Folk. 1903. John Brown, igog. The Quest of the Silver Fleece. 1911. * Darkwater. 1920. Studies and Reviews Am. M. 66 ('08): May, pp. 61 New Repub. 22 ('20): 189. (portrait), 65. World Today, 12 ('07): 6 (por- Freeman, i ('20): gs. trait). Lit. Digest, 6s ('20): May I, p. 86. World's Work, 41 ('20): 159 Nation, no ('20): 726. (portrait). Finley Peter Dtmne — ^humorist. Born at Chicago, 1867. Educated in Chicago public schools. Began newspaper work as reporter, 1885. On Chicago Evening Post and Chicago Times Herald, 1892-7. Editor of the Chicago Journal, 1897-1900. Since 1900 has lived and worked in New York. Bibliography Mr. Dooley in Peace and in War. 1898. Mr. Dooley in the Hearts of His Countrymen. 1899. Mr. Dooley's Philosophy. 1900. Mr. Dooley's Opinions. 1901. Observations by Mr. Dooley. 1902. Dissertations by Mr. Dooley. 1906. Mr. Dooley Says. 1910. Mr. Dooley on Making a Will and Other Necessary Evils. 1919. 45 Finley Peter Dunae—Coniinued Studies and Reviews Am. M. 62 ('06): S7I (portrait); Ind. 62 ('07): 741 (portrait). 6s ('07) : 173- Lit. Digest, 44 ('i 2) : 427 (portrait). Bookm. 51 ('20): 674. No. Am. 176 ('03): 743. (Howells.) Cent. 63 ('01): 63 (portrait). New Repub. 20 ('19): 235. Cur. Lit. 38 ('05): 29 (portrait). Outlook, 123 ('19): 94 (portrait). Harp. W. 47 ('03): 331 (portrait), Spec. 90 ('03): 258; 125 ('20): 146. 346. Charles Alexander Eastman (Ohiyesa) — ^writer. Born at Redwood Falls, Minnesota, 1858, of Santee Sioux ancestry, his father being a full-blood Indian, and his mother a half-breed. B. S., Dartmouth, 1887; M. D., Boston University, 1890. Government physician, Pine Ridge Agency, 1890-3. Indian secretary, Y. M. C. A., 1894-7. Attorney for Santee Sioux at Washington, 1897-1900. Government physician. Crow Creek, South Dakota, 1900-3, Appointed to revise Sioux family names, 1903-9. Bibliography Indian Boyhood. 1902. Old Indian Days. 1907. The Soul of the Indian. 1911. The Indian Today. 1915. From the Deep Woods to Civilization. 1916. Studies and Reviews Bk. Buyer, 24 ('02): 21 (portrait). Outlook, 65 ('00): 83 (portrait), Chaut. 3S ('02): 33S (portrait), R. of Rs. 33 ('06): 700 (portrait), 33Q- 703- Max Eastman — ^poet, essayist, critic. Born at Canandaigua, New York, 1883. Both his parents were Congregationahst preachers. A. B., Williams College, 1905. From 1907 to 1911, associate in philosophy at Colum- bia. In 1911, began to give his entire time to studying and writing about the problems of economic inequality. In 1913, 46 Max Eastman— Continued became editor of Tke Masses, a periodical which voiced his theories, and which in 1917 became The Liberator. In his Enjoyment of Poetry, Mr. Eastman shows in an interesting way how poetry can be made to contribute to the enrichment of life. Bibliography The Child of the Amazons and Other Poems. 1913. The Enjoyment of Poetry. 1913. Journalism Versus Art. 1916. Understanding Germany. 1916. The Colors of Life. 1918. The Sense of Humor. 1921. Studies and Reviews Untermeyer. Harp. W. 57 ('13): June 7, p. 20. Lit. Digest, S4 ('17): 71 (portrait). Countryside M. 23 ('16): 273 New Repub. 9 ('17): 303. (Hack- (portrait). ett.) Cur. Op. 55 ('13): 126 (portrait). Poetry, 2 ('13): 140; 3 ('13): 31; Dial, 65 ('18): 611 (Louis Unter- 13 ('19): 322. meyer); 66 ('19): 146. (Arturo Survey, 30 ('13): 489. Giovannitti.) Walter Prichard Eaton — critic, essayist. Bom at Maiden, Massachusetts, 1878. A. B., Harvard, 1900. Dramatic critic on the New York Tribune, 1902-7, and the New York Sun, 1907-8, and on the American Maga- zine, 1909-18. Bibliography The American Stage of Today. 1908. At the New Theatre and Others. 1910. Bam Doors and B)rways. 1913. The Man Who Found Christmas. 1913. The Idyl of Twin Fires. 1915. New York. 1915. Plays and Players. 1916. Green Trails and Upland Pastures. 1917. Newark, 1917. Echoes and Realities. 1918. (Poems.) In Berkshire Fields. 1919. On the Edge of the Wilderness. 1920. 47 Walter Prichard EaAon— Continued Studies and Reviews Bookm. 28 ('09): 412; 29 ('09): Lit. Digest, 53, ('16): 1711 (por- 473. (Portraits.) trait). Country Life, 25 ('14): Jan., p. no (portrait). " Albert Edwards." See Arthur Bullard. T(Iiomas) S(teams) Eliot— poet, critic. Bom at St. Louis, Missouri, 1888. A. B., Harvard, 1909; A. M., 1910. Studied at the Sorbonne, Paris, and at Merton College, Oxford. Teacher and lecturer in London since 1913. Suggestions for Reading 1. Is Mr. Eliot's poetry derived from a keen sense of life experienced or from literature? What echoes of earlier poets do you find in his work? 2. Does the adjective distinguished apply to his work? What are the sources of his distinction? What evidences of fresh vision of old things do you find? of unexpected and true associations and contrasts? of a delicate sense for essential details that make a picture? of the power of suggestive con- densatipn? of abiHty to get an emotional effect through irony? 3. Consider the following quotation from Mr. Eliot as illuminative of his method of work: "The contemplation of the horrid or sordid by the artist is the necessary and negative aspect of the impulse toward beauty." 4. It is interesting to make a special study of Mr. Eliot's management of verse. 5. What, if any, temperamental defect is likely to inter- fere with his development? Bibliography Poems. 1920. The Sacred Wood. Essays on Poetry and Criticism. 1920. Also in: The Little Review, 4 ('17): May, June, September. 48 T(homas) S (teams) EUot— Continued Studies and Reviews Atb. 1920, i: 239. Nation, no ('20): 856. Dial, 68 ('20): 781; 70 ('21): 336. Poetry, 10 ('17): 264; 16 ('20): Freeman, i ('20): 381; 2 ('21): 157; 17 ('21): 345- S93. (Conrad Aiken.) New Statesman, 16 ('21): 418. Lond. Times, June 13, 1919: 322; See also Book Review Digest, 1920, Dec. 2, 1920: 795. 1921. John Erskine — essayist, poet. Bom in New York City, 1879. A. B., Columbia, 1900; A. M., 1901; Ph. D., 1903. Taught English at Amherst and Columbia. Since 1916, professor at Columbia. Co-editor of the Cambridge History of American Literature. Bibliography The Moral Obligation to be Intelligent, and Other Essays. 1915. The Shadowed Hour. 1917. (Poems.) Democracy and Ideals, a Definition. 1920. The Kinds of Poetry, and Other Essays. 1920. Studies and Reviews Dial, 70 ('21): 347. See a\so Book Review Digest, igio. Outlook, 126 ('20): 377 (portrait). Theodosia Faulks (Theodosia Garrison: Mrs. Frederic J. Faulks)— poet. Bom at Newark, New Jersey, 1874. Educated in private schools. Bibliography The Joy o' Life and Other Poems. 1909. Earth Cry and Other Poems. 1910. The Dreamers. 1917. Studies and Reviews Bookm. 16 ('02): 16 (portrait); See also Book Review Digest, igiy, 47 ('18): 398. 1921. 49 Edna Ferber — short-story writer, novelist. Bom at Kalamazoo, Michigan, 1887. Educated in the public and high schools of Appleton, Wisconsin. Began newspaper work at seventeen as reporter on the Appleton Daily Crescent. Later, employed on the Milwaukee Journal and the Chicago Tribune. Miss Ferber's special contribution to American Literature thus far has been through her studies of American women in business. Bibliography Dawn O'Hara. 1911. Buttered Side Down. 19 12. Roast Beef Medium. 1913. Personality Plus. 1914. Emma McChesney & Co. 1915. Fanny Herself. 1917. Cheerful — By Request. 19 18. Half Portions. 1920. $1200 a Year. 1920. (Comedy.) The Girls. 1921. (Novel.) Studies and Reviews Overton. NewRepub. 29 ('22): rs8. (Hack- ett.) Bookm. 54 ('21): 393; 54 ('22): See. a\so Book Review Digest, igiy, 434 (portrait), 582. 1918, 1920, 1921. Cur. Op. S4 ('13): 491 (portrait). Arthur Davison Ficke — ^poet. Bom at Davenport, Iowa, 1883. A. B., Harvard, 1904. Studied at the College of Law, State University of Iowa. Taught English at State University of Iowa, 1905-7. Ad- mitted to the bar, 1908. Under the name "Anne Knish" joined Witter Bynner (q. v.) under the pseudonym "Emanuel Morgan " in writing Spectra. Mr. Ficke's knowledge of art, especially Japanese art, has an important bearing upon his work. Bibliography From the Isles. 1907. The Happy Princess. 1907. SO Arthur Davison Ficke — Continued The Earth Passion. 1908. The Breaking of Bonds. 19 10. Twelve Japanese Painters. 1913. Mr. Faust. 1913. * Sonnets of a Portrait Painter. 1914. The Man on the Hilltop. 1915. Chats on Japanese Prints. 1915. Spectra. 1916. (Under pseudonym "Anne Knish," with Witter Bynner, q. v.) An April Elegy. 1917. Studies and Reviews Untermeyer. Poetry, 4 ('14): 29; 6 ('15): 39, 247; 10 ('17): 323; 12 ('18): 169. Forum, 55 ('16): 240, 675. See also Book Review Digest, 1915. Dorothy Canfield Fisher (Dorothea Frances Canfield Fisher, Mrs. John Redwood Fisher)— novelist. Born at Lawrence, Kansas, 1879. Ph. B., Ohio State University, 1899; Ph. D., Columbia, 1904. Secretary of Horace Mann School, 1902-5. Studied and traveled widely in Europe and speaks several languages. Spent several years in France, doing war work. Bibliography The Squirrel-Cage. 1912. Hillsboro People. 1915. (Short stories, withpoems by Sarah Cleg- horn, q. V.) * The Bent Twig. 19x5. The Real Motive. 1916. Fellow-Captains. 1916. (With Sarah Cleghom, q. v.) (Essays.) Seif-Reliance. 1916. Understood Betsy. 1917. Home Fires in France. 1918. The Day of Glory. 1919. *The Brimming Cup. 1921. Rough-Hewn. 1922. Sttjdies and Reviews Overton. Lit. Digest, 69 ('21): June ir, p.S7. New Repub. 5 ('16): 314. Bookm. 42 ('i5): 599; 48 ('18): R. of Rs. 45 ('12): 759 portrait). 105; 53 ('21): 453. See also Book Review Digest, i9iS( Dial, 6s ('18): 320. 1917-91 1921. 51 F(rancis) Scott (Key) Fitzgerald— novelist, short-story writer. Bom in 1896. Bibliography The Other Side of Paradise. 1920. Flappers and Philosophers. 1920. (Short stories.) The Beautiful and Damned. 1922. Studies and Reviews Lond. Times, June 23, 1921: 402. See also Book Review Digest, 1920. John Gotild Fletcher — ^poet, critic. Bom at Little Rock, Arkansas, 1886. Studied at Phillips Academy, Andover, Massachusetts, and at Harvard, 1903-7. Has lived much in England. Suggestions for Reading 1. Read the prefaces to Irradiations and Goblins and Pagodas for Mr. Fletcher's theory of poetry before you read the poems themselves. Has he succeeded in making the arts of painting and music do service to poetry? 2. After reading the poems, consider the justice or in- justice of Mr. Aiken's criticism: "It is a sort of absolute poetry, a poetry of detached waver and brilliance, a beautiful flowering of language alone — a parthenogenesis, as if language were fertilized by itself rather than by thought or feeling. Remove the magic of phrase and sound and there is nothing left: no thread of continuity, no thought, no story, no emotion. But the magic of phrase and sound is powerful, and it takes one into a fantastic world." 3. Do you find any poems to which the quotation given above does not apply? Are these of more or of less value than the others? Bibliography Irradiations — Sand and Spray. 1915. Goblins and Pagodas. 1916. Japanese Prints. 1917. 52 John Gould Fletcher— Co«/mMeortrait). u6 Grace Fallow Norton— poet. Bom at Norihfield, Minnesota, 1876. Bibliography Little Gray Songs from St. Joseph's. 1912. The Sister of the Wind. 1914. Roads. 1916. What is Your Legion? 1916. Studies and Reviews Poetry, $ (,'14): 87; ir ('17): 164. See also Book Review Digest, 191 2, 1914, 1916. Frederick O'Brien — travel writer. Mr. O'Brien's account of his experiences in the Marquesas Islands created a literary fashion for the South Sea Islands. Bibliography White Shadows in the South Seas. 1919. Mystic Isles of the South Seas. 1921. See Book Review Digest, 1919, 1921. Eugene Gladstone O'Neill — dramatist. Bom in New York City, 1888. Son of the actor, James O'Neill. Studied at Princeton, 1906-7. Much of the mate- rial used in his plays seems to be drawn from or based upon his adventurous experiences between 1907 and 1914. Actor and newspaper reporter. Spent two years at sea. In 1909, is said to have gone on a gold-prospecting expedition in Spanish Honduras (cf. Gold). Lived in the Argentine. Threatened tuberculosis gave him his first leisure (cf. The Straw). In 1914-5, he studied dramatization at Harvard. In 1918, when he married, he went to live in a deserted life- saving station near Provincetown. Associated with the Washington Square Players. In 1920, his Beyond the Horizon was given the Pulitzer Prize. 117 Eugene Gladstone O'Neill — Continued Suggestions for Reading 1. What effect has Mr. O'Neill's life experience had upon the quality of his plays? 2. What evidence of originahty do you find in his (i) themes, (2) background, and (3) technique? 3. Consider the influence of Joseph Conrad (cf. Manly and Rickert, Contemporary British Literature) upon O'Neill. Read especially The Nigger of the "Narcissus." 4. How has Mr. O'Neill been influenced by the plays of John Millington Synge? 5. What do you make of the fact that Mr. O'Neill has struck out in various directions instead of working a par- ticular vein? 6. What reasons do you find for the common opinion that he is our most promising dramatist? What limitations or weaknesses do you think may interfere with his develop- ment? Do you think he will become a great dramatist? Bibliography Thirst, and Other One-Act Plays. 1914. (The Web, Warnings, Fog, Recklessness.) Before Breakfast. 1916. The Moon of the Caribbees, and Other Plays of the Sea. 1919. (Bound East for Cardifif; The Long Voyage Home; In the Zone; He; Where the Cross is Made; The Rope.) * Beyond the Horizon. 1920. * Chris Christopherson. 1920. (Produced as Anna Christie, quoted with illustrations. Cur. Op. 72 ['22]: 57.) Gold. 1920. The Emperor Jones; Diff'rent; The Straw. 1920. Studies and Reviews Bookm. S3 ('21): $ii; 54 ('22): Freeman, i ('20): 44. 463. Ind. 105 ('21): 158 (portrait). Century, 103 ('22): 351 (portrait). Nation, 113 ('21): 626. Cur. Op. 65 ('18): IS9 (portrait); NewRepub. 25 ('21): 173. 68 ('20): 339. Theatre Arts M. 4 ('20): 286; 5 Everybody's, 43 ('20): July, p. 49 ('21): 174 (portrait only). (portrait). 118 James Oppenheim — ^novelist, short-story writer, poet. Bom at St. Paul, Minnesota, 1882. Two years later his family moved to New York, where he has lived ever since. Special student at Columbia, 1901-3. Has done settlement work, as assistant head worker of the Hudson Guild Settle- ment. Superintendent of the Hebrew Technical School for Girls, 1904-7. In 1916-7 edited the magazine, The Seven Arts (cf. Poetry, 9 ['i6-'i7]: 214). Suggestions for Reading 1. The following influences have entered largely into Oppenheim's work: Whitman, the Bible, and the theories of psycho-analysis developed by Freud and Jung. Without considering these, no fair estimate of the value of his work can be reached. 2. In what respects does his poetry reflect the Oriental temperament? 3. What strength do you find in his work? what weakness? Bibliography Doctor Rast. 1909. (Short stories.) Monday Morning and Other Poems. 1909. Wild Oats. 1910. (Novel.) The Pioneers. 1910. (Poetic play.) * Pay-Envelopes. 191 1. (Short stories.) The Nine-Tenths. 1911. (Novel.) The Olympian : A Story for the City. 1 9 1 2 . Idle Wives. 1914. * Songs for the New Age. 1914. The Beloved. 1915. War and Laughter. 1916. (Poems.) The Book of Self. 1917. (Poems.) Night. 1918. (Poetic drama in one act.) * The Solitary. 1919. (Poems.) The Mystic Warrior. 1921. Studies and Reviews Untermeyer. Dial, 67 ('19): 301. Ind. 88 ('16): 533 (portrait). Acad. 89 ('is): 218. Nation, 109 ('19): 441. Bookm. 30 ('09): 322 (portrait), New Statesman, 6 ('16): 332. 393. Outlook, 102 ('12): 207 (portrait). 119 James Oppenheim — Continued Poetry, s ('14): 88; 11 ('18): 219; R. of Rs. 47 ('13): 243 (por- 16 ('20): 49; 20 ('22): 216. trait). Vincent O'Sullivan — novelist. Of American birth, but has Uved many years in England. His work published in the time of the Yellow Book was es- pecially admired by the English critic, Edward Garnett, who maintained that Mr. O'Sullivan should rank high among our writers. American editions of The Good Girl and Senti- ment were published in 1917. Bibliography A Book of Bargains. 1896. (With frontispiece by Aubrey Beardsley.) Poems. 1896. The Houses of Sin. 1897. (Poems.) The Green Window. 1899. A Dissertation upon Second Fiddles. 1902. Human Affairs. 1905. The Good Girl. 191 2. Sentiment and Other Stories. 1913. See Book Review Digest, 1917. Thomas Nelson Page — ^novelist, short-story writer. Born on a Virginia plantation, 1853. Studied a short time at Washington and Lee University. Many higher honorary degrees. Practiced law in Richmond, Virginia, 1875-93. Ambassador to Italy, 1913-9. Mr. Page is one of the pioneer writers in negro dialects. His first collection of short stories, In Ole Virginia, 1887, is his best-known work. For bibliography, see Cambridge, HI (IV), 668. For biography and criticism, see Halsey, Harkins, Pattee, Toulmin, and the Book Review Digest, especially for 1906, 1909, 1913. Josephine Preston Peabody (Mrs. L. S. Marks) — ^poet, dramatist. Born in New York City. Educated at Girls' Latin School, Boston, and at Radcliffe, 1894-6. Instructor in English at Josephine Preston Peabody—Contimied Wellesley College, 1901-3. Her play The Pied Piper ob- tained the Stratford-on-Avon prize in 1910. Bibliography The Wayfarers— A Book of Verse. 1898. Fortune and Men's Eyes — ^New Poems with a Play. 1900. Marlowe, a Drama. 1901. The Singmg Leaves. 1903. Pan — ^A Choric Idyl. 1904. The Wings. 1905. (Play.) The Book of the Little Past. 1908. The Piper. 1909. (Play.) The Singing Man. 191 1. (Poems.) The Wolf of Gubbio. 1913. (Play.) Harvest Moon. 1916. (War poems.) The Chameleon. 1917. Portrait of Mrs. W. 1922. Studies and Reviews Eaton, W. P. Plays and Players, Critic, 40 ('02): 14 (portrait). 1916. Cur. Lit. 49 ('10): 43S (por- Moses. trait). Rittenhouse. New Eng. M. n. s. 33 ('05): 426; 39 ('08): 22s (portrait), 236; Bk. Buyer, 21 ('00): 9 (portrait). 42 ('10): 270 (portrait). Bookm. 32 ('10): 7 (portrait); Poetry, 9 ('17): 269. 47 ('18): sso. Bliss Perry — critic. Bom at Williamstown, Massachusetts, i860. A. B., Wil- liams, 1881; A. M., 1883. Studied at the universities of Berlin and Strassburg. Honorary higher degrees. Professor of English at Williams College, 1886-93; ^■t Princeton, 1893- 1900. Editor of the Atlantic Monthly, 1899-1909. Professor of English literature at Harvard, 1907 — . Harvard lecturer at University of Paris, 1909-10. Bibliography The Broughton House. 1890. Salem Kittredge, and Other Stories. 1894. The Plated City. 1895. Bliss Perry — Continued The Powers at Play. 1899. (Short stories.) A Study of Prose Fiction. 1902. The Amateur Spirit. 1904. Park St. Papers. 1909. The American Mind. 191 2. The American Spirit in Literature. 1918. The Study of Poetry. 1920. Studies and Reviews Bookm. 12 ('00): 359, 362 (por- R. of Rs. 34 ('06): Dec, p. 758; trait); 36 ('12): 443- 46 ('12): Dec, p. 749. (Por- Dial, 70 ('21): 347. traits.) Lit. W. 30 ('99): 264. Spec, no ('13): 809. Outlook, 78 ('04): 880 (portrait); 102 ('12): 648. William Lyon Phelps — critic. Born at New Haven, Connecticut, 1865. A. B., Yale, 1887; Ph. D. 1891; A. M., Harvard, 1891. Instructor in English literature at Yale, 1892-6, assistant professor of the English language and literature, 1896-1901; Lampson professor since 1901. Deacon in the Baptist Church. Bibliography Essays on Modem Novelists. 1910. Essays on Russian Novelists. 1911. Essays on Books. 1914. Browning. 1915. The Advance of the English Novel. 1916. The Advance of EngUsh Poetry. 1918. Archibald Marshall. 1918. The Twentieth Century Theatre. 1918. Reading the Bible. 1919. Essays on Modern Dramatists. 1920. Studies and Reviews Bookm. 41 ('is): 585 (portrait), Lond. Times, Mar. 17, 1910: 95. 587; 31 ('10): 349 (portrait). Poetry, 14 ('19): 159. Ind. 71 Cii): 81S (portrait). R. of Rs. 45 ('12): 103 (portrait). 122 David Pinski — dramatist. Bora in Russia, 1873. Educated at the University of Berlin, 1897-9. Came to the United States, 1899. Studied at Columbia, 1903-4. President of Pinski-Massel Press. President of Jewish National Workers' Alliance. Socialist- Zionist. His reputation is based principally upon his five volumes of plays and two of stories in Yiddish, but he has also written in English. BiBUOGRAPHY (of works in English) The Treasure. 1916. (Comedy.) Three Plays. 1918. Little Heroes; The Stranger. 1918. (In Goldberg, I., Six Plays of the Yiddish Theatre. Second Series.) Studies and Reviews Cambridge. See also Book Review Digest, 1918-20. Edwin Ford Piper (Nebraska, 1871) — ^poet. Mr. Piper's volume, (Barbed Wire ami Other Poems, 1917) reflects the prairies of the Middle West. Studies and Reviews Untermeyer. Poetry, 12 ('18): 276. See also Book Renew Digest, 1917. Ernest Poole — ^novelist. Bom at Chicago, 1880. A. B., Princeton, 1902. Lived in University Settlement, New York, 1902-5, studying social conditions, especially in connection with child labor, and in the movement to fight tuberculosis. He helped Upton Sinclair (q. v.) gather stockyards material for The Jungle. War correspondent in Germany and France, 19 14-5. As a socialist, Mr. Poole also worked for a time in Russia with the revolutionaries. 123 Ernest Poole — Continued The familiarity with dockyards and dockmen, which is such a striking feature of The Harbor, dates back to Mr. Poole's boyhood. Bibliography The Voice of the Street. 1906. The Harbor. 1915. His Family. 191 7. His Second Wife. 1918. The Village. 1918. "The Dark People," Russia's Crisis. 1918. Blind. 1920. Beggar's Gold. 1921. Studies and Reviews Bookm. 41 ('is): 115 (portrait). Unpop. R. 6 ('16): 231. Cur. Op. 58 ('is): 266 (portrait). World Today, 18 ('10): 232 (por- Ind. 94 ('18): 229 (portrait). trait). Mentor, 6 ('18): 7 (portrait). See also Book Review Digest, 19x5, R. of Rs. SI ('is): 631 (portrait). 1917, 1918, 1920. Ezra (Loomls) Pound — ^poet, critic. Born at Hailey, Idaho, 1885. Of EngUsh descent; on his mother's side distantly related to Longfellow. Ph. B., Hamilton College. Fellow of the University of Pennsylvania. Traveled in Spain, in Italy, in Provence, 1906-7; lived in Venice, and finally made his home in England. London editor of The Little Review, 1917-9, and foreign correspondent of Poetry, 1912-9. Suggestions for Reading I. Mr. Pound is an experimenter in verse, who has come under many influences and belonged to many schools. His work should be studied chronologically to discover these changes in interest and relationship. To be noted among the influences are: (i) the mediseval poetry of Provence; (2) the Greek poets; (3) the Latin poets of the Empire; (4) 124 Ezra (Lootnis) Pound — Continued among modern French poets, Laurent Tailhade; (5) the poets of China and Japan, whom he learned to know through the manuscript notes of Ernest Fenollosa; (6) the work of the EngUsh Imagists (cf. especially the poems of T. E. Hulme, published in Mr. Pound's volume called Ripostes); (7) the work of the Vorticist school of poets and artists (cf. Blast, edited by Wyndham Lewis), and the more accessible periodical, The Egoist, of which Richard Aldington (cf . Manly and Rick- ert. Contemporary British Literature) is assistant editor. 2. Consider also this from his own theory of poetry: "Poetry is a sort of inspired mathematics, which gives us equations, not for abstract figures, triangles, spheres and the like, but equations for the human emotions. If one have a mind which inclines to magic rather than science, one will prefer to speak of these equations as spells or iacantations; it sounds more arcane, mysterious, recondite." Can this be related to the qualities of Mr. Pound's poetry? 3. After reading Mr. Pound's output, discuss the ade- quacy of the following: "When content has become for an artist merely something to inflate and display form with, then the petty serves as well as the great, the ignoble equally with the lofty, the unlovely Uke the beautiful, the sordid as the clean. . . . Real feeUng consequently becomes rarer, and the artist descends to triviaUties of observation, vagaries of assertion, or mere bravado of standards and expression — pure tilting at convention." Bibliography Provenfa: Poems Selected from Personae, Exultations, and Canzoniere. 1910. The Spirit of Romance. 1910. The Sonnets and Ballate of Cavalcanti. 1912. (Translations.) Ripostes of Ezra Pound, whereto are Appended the Complete Poetical Works of T. E. Huhne. 191 2. Gaudier Brzeska; a Memoir. 1916. Lustra of Ezra Pound, with Earlier Poems. 1917. Noh; or. Accomplishment; a Study of the Classical Stage of Japan. 191 7. (With Ernest F. Fenollosa.) Pavannes and Divisions. 1918. (Essays and sketches.) Ezra (Loomis) Pound — Continued Quia Pauper Amavi. 1919. (English edition.) Instigations. 1920. (Criticism.) * Umbra: the Early Poems of Ezra Pound, All That He Now Wishes to Keep in Circulation from "Personae," "Exultations," "Ripostes." With Translations from Guido Cavalcanti and Amaut Daniel and Poems by the Late T. E. Hulme. 1920. Alsoin: Deslmagistes. 1914. Poetry. (Passim.) The Little Review. (Passim.) Cf. also Ezra Pound, his Metric and Poetry. 191 7. (Bibliography, p. 29.) Studies and Reviews Untermeyer. Egoist, 2 ('15): 71; 4 ('17): 7, 27,44. Eng. Rev. 2 ('09): 627. Acad. 81 ('11): 354. Ind. 70 ('11): 259 (portrait). Ath. 1911, 2: 238; 1919, 2 : 1065, Lond. Times, Sept. 20, 1918: 437. 1132, 1268. New Repub. 16 ('18): 83. Bookm. 35 ('12): 156; 46 ('18): New Statesman, 8 ('17): 332, 476. 577. No. Am. 211 ('20): 658. (May Bookm. (Lond.) 36 ('09): 154 Sinclair.) (portrait); 52 ('17): 151. Poetry, 7 ('16): 249 (Carl Sand- Chapbook, 1-2: May, 1920: 22. burg); 11 ('18): 330; 12 ('18): (Fletcher.) 221; 14 ('19): 52 (William Dial, S4 ('13) •■ 37°; 69 ('20): 283 Gardner Hale); 15 ('20): 211; (portrait); 72 ('22): 87. 16 ('20): 213. (John) Herbert Quick (Iowa, 1861) — ^novelist. Farmer, lawyer, editor of Farm and Fireside, 1909-16. Author of The Faindew Idea, 19 19; and of Vandemark's Folly, 1922, which introduces fresh material (canalboat life) into fic- tion, and also contributes to the literature that deals with the opening up of the middle west. See Book Review Digest, 1919. Lizette Woodworth Reese — ^poet. Born at Baltimore, in 1856. Educated in private and public schools. Teacher in Baltimore high school. Her poems, always conventional in form and limited in ideas, are admired for their simpUcity, intensity of emotion, and perfection of technique. 126 Lizette Woodworth Reese—Continued Bibliography A Branch of May. 1887. A Handful of Lavender. 1891. A Quiet Road. i8g6. A Wayside Lute. 1909. Spicewood. 1920. Studies and Reviews Kittenliouse. Untermeyer. Agnes Repplier — essayist. Bom at Philadelphia, 1858, of French extraction. Edu- cated at the Sacred Heart Convent, Torresdale, Pennsylvania. Litt. D., University of Pennsylvania, 1902. Has traveled much in Europe. Roman Catholic. Bibliography Books and Men. 1888. Points of View. 1891. Essays in Miniature. 1892. Essaj^ in Idleness. 1893. In the Dozy Hours. 1894. Varia. 1897. The Fireside Sphinx. 1901. Compromises. 1904. In Our Convent Days. 1905. A Happy Half Century. 1908. Americans and Others. 191 2. The Cat. 191 2. (Compilation.) Counter Currents. 1915. Points of Friction. 1920. Studies and Reviews Halsey. (Women.) Lond. Times, Aug. 10, 1916: 378. Pattee. New Repub. 7 ('16): 20. (Francis Hackett.) Critic, 45 ('04): 302; 47 ('05): 204. New Statesman, 7 ('16): 597. (Portraits). Outlook, 78 ('04): 880 (portrait). lit. Digest, 48 ('14): 827 (por- Spec. 117 ('16): 105. tiait). 127 Alice (Caldwell) Hegan Rice (Mrs. Cale Young Rice)— novelist. Bom at Shelbyville, Kentucky, 1870. Educated in private schools. One of the founders of the Cabbage Patch Settle- ment House, Louisville. Uses her own experience in charity work in her books. Bibliography Mrs. Wiggs of the Cabbage Patch. 1901. Lovey Mary. 1903. Sandy. 1905. Captain June. 1907. Mr. 0pp. 1909. A Romance of Billy Goat Hill. 1912. The Honorable Percival. 1914. Calvary Alley. 191 7. Miss Mink's Soldier and Other Stories. 1918. Turn About Tales. 1920. (With Cale Young Rice, q. v.) Quin. 1921. Studiks and Reviews Overton. Outlook, 72 ('02): 802 (portrait); 78 ('04): 282, 286 (portrait). Bookm. 29 ('09) : 412; 32 ('10) : 369. See also Book Review Digest, 1905, Bookm. (Lond.) 24 ('03): 158 1907, 1909, I9r2, 1918. (portrait), 160. Cale Young Rice (Kentucky, 1872) — ^poet, dramatist. Collected Plays and Poems. 1915. For later volumes, cf. WWs Who in America. Lola Ridge — ^poet, critic. Born at Dublin, Ireland, but brought up in Sydney, AustraUa. As a child, Uved also in New Zealand, but studied art in AustraUa. In 1907 she came to the United States and supported herself for three years by writing fiction for the popular magazines. But finding that this work was going to kill her creative ability, she earned her living in a variety of other ways — as organizer, advertisement writer, illustrator, artist's model, factory worker, etc. — while she wrote poems. 128 Lola Hidge — Continued Her reputation was made by the publication of The Ghetto in 1918. Bibliography The Ghetto and Other Poems. 1918. Sun-up and Other Poems. 1920. Also in: Others, 1919. Studies and Reviews Untermeyer. Poetry, 13 ('19): 335; 17 ('21): 332- Dial, 66 ('18): 83. (Aiken.) See also Book Review Digest, New Repub. 17 ('18): 76. (Hack- 1918, 1920. ett.) James Whitcomb Riley — ^poet. Bom at Greenfield, Indiana, 1853, of Irish and Pennsyl- vania Dutch ancestry. Educated in the pubUc schools, but received many higher honorary degrees. Died in 1916. Mr. Riley came to be the representative poet of his native state, the "Hoosier poet," and many of his poems are written in the dialect of Indiana, but his reputation is national. His niunerous poems were collected and published in ten volumes, as Complete Works, in 1916. For detailed bibliography, cf. Cambridge, III (IV), 651. Studies and Reviews Cambridge. J. Educ. 84 ('16): 149, 298. Pattee. Lit. Digest, 47 ('13): 782; 53 ('16): Aug. I, pp. 304 (portrait), Atlan. 118 ('16): 503. (Nicholson.) 408; 51 ('15): 730. Bookm. 20 ('04): 18; 33 ('11): 67 Nation, 97 ('13): 352. (portrait); 35 ('12): 357 (por- No. Am. 204 ('16): 421. trait), 637; 38 ('13): 163 (por- Outlook, in ('15): 249, 273 (por- trait), 598; 44 ('16): 22 (por- trait), 396; 113 ('16): 778. traits), 58, 79. R. of Rs. 54 ('16): 327 (portrait). Cur Lit. 41 ('06): 160 (portrait); World's Work, 22 ('11): 14777 57 ('14): 42s (portrait). (portrait); 25 ('13): 565. Cur. Op. 61 ('16): 196 (portrait). Yale R. n. s. 9 ('20): 395. 129 Charles George Douglas Roberts — novelist, poet, Nature writer. Born at Douglas, New Brunswick, i860. Studied at the University of New Brunswick, 1876. Has been a teacher, editor, soldier. In France during the War. Major Roberts has published many volumes of poems, besides novels and animal stories. For bibliography, see Who's Who (English). For reviews, see Book Review Digest, 1914, 1916, 1919. Edwin Arlington Robinson — ^poet. Born at Head Tide, Maine, 1869. Educated at Gardiner, Maine, on the Kennebec River ("Tilbury Town"). Studied at Harvard, 1891-3. Struggled in various ways to make a living in New York, even working in the subway, while pubhshing his first poems. His Captain Craig, 1902, at- tracted the attention of Roosevelt, who gave the author a position in the New York Custom House, which he held 1905-10. Since then he has been able to give his entire time to poetry. Suggestions for Reading 1. A good introduction to Mr. Robinson's work is Miss Lowell's review of his Collected Works, in the Dial, 72 ('22): 130. Although Miss Lowell's contention that Mr. Robinson is our greatest Uving poet would be disputed by some critics, her article suggests many points of departure in the study of his very important contribution to American poetry. 2. Divide Mr. Robinson's work into two groups: (i) poems of which the material is based upon literature; (2) those of which it comes from his own life experience. Is it possible to say now which of these two groups has the best chance of long endurance? Can you decide how far literature has had a good effect upon Mr. Robinson's work, and how far it has lessened the value of his poetry? 3. Consider as a group the poems that grow out of Mr. Robinson's New England origin. In what ways is he char- 130 Edwin Arlington Rohiason—Contimted acteristic of New England? Compare his work with that of Mr. Frost in this respect. 4. Compare and contrast Mr. Robinson's portraits of persons with names as titles with similar portraits in the Spoon River Anthology. This type of verse seems to have been developed independently by both poets. 5. An interesting study could be made of the influence on Robinson of Crabbe; another, of the influence of Hardy. 6. Another interesting study might grow out of the con- sideration of Robinson as a poet born twenty years too soon. How much has the temper of his work been determined by the fact that he had to wait so long for recognition? 7. What are the main features of Mr. Robinson's philosophy as suggested in the poems? 8. Can you find many poems that sing? What is to be said of the poet's mastery of rhythms? 9. After readiug the best of Mr. Robinson's work, it is interesting to look up the comments of various admirers of it pubhshed on the occasion of his fiftieth birthday, in the New York Times, December 21, 1919, or the quotations from this article in Poetry, 15 ('20) : 265, and to see how far your judgment bears out these extravagant statements. 10. The influence of Robinson's work on younger American poets, especially on Lindsay and Sandburg, makes an interest- ing study. Bibliography The Torrent and the Night Before. 1896. (Privately printed.) The Children of the Night. 1897. Captain Craig. 1902. The Town down the River, igio. Van 2^m. 1914. (Play.) The Porcupine. 1915. (Play.) The Man against the Sky. 1916. Merlin. 191 7. Lancelot. 1919. The Three Taverns. 1920. * Collected Poems. 1921. Avon's Harvest. 1921. 131 Edwin Arlington Robinson — Continued Studies and Reviews Bojmton. Lit. Digest, 64 ('20): Jan. 10: Lowell. p. 32 (portrait), 40. Untermeyer. Nation, 75 ('02): 465; iii ('20): 453- Atlan. 98 ('06): 330. New Eng. M. 33 ('05): 425. Bk. Buyer, 25 ('02): 429. New Repub. 2 ('15): 267; 7 ('16): Bookm. 45 ('17): 429 (portrait); 96 (Amy Lowell); 23 ('20): 259. 47 ('18): ssi; 5° ('20): 507; SI No. Am. 211 ('20): 121. ('20): 4S7. Outlook, los ('13): 736, 744 (por- Chapbook, 1-2, May, 1920: 1. trait); 112 ('16): 786; 123 ('19): (Fletcher.) siS- Dial, 34 ('03): 18; 72 ('22): 130. Poetry, 8 ('16): 46; 10 ('17): 211; (Amy Lowell.) 15 ('20): 265; 16 ('20): 217; Fortn. 86 ('06): 429. 20 ('22): 278. Forum, 45 ('11): 80; 51 ('14): 305. Scrib. M. 66 ('19): 763. Ind. SS ('03): 445. Edwin Meade Robinson— poet, novelist. Born at Lima, Indiana, 1879. Not related to Edwin Ar- lington Robinson. Newspaper man, first on the Indianapolis Sentind, later on the Cleveland Plain Dealer, in which he conducts a column. Besides his successful volume of verse, Piping and Panning, 1920, Mr. Robinson has published a novel which has attracted attention as an honest record of a growing boy. Enter Jerry, 1920. For reviews, see Book Review Digest, 1920, 1921. Carl Sandburg — ^poet. Born at Galesburg, Illinois, of Swedish stock. Has little schooling but wide experience of life. At thirteen drove a milk wagon, and for the next six years did all kinds of rough work — as porter in a barber shop, scene-shifter, truck- handler in a brickyard, turner apprentice in a pottery, dish- washer in hotels, harvest hand in Kansas. During the Spanish-American War served as private in Porto Rico. Studied at Lombard College, Galesburg, 1898-1902, where 132 Carl Sandburg — Continued he was captain of the basket-ball team and editor-in-chief of the college paper. After leaving college, earned his living in various ways — as advertising manager for a department store, salesman, newspaperman, "safety first" expert. Worked also as dis- trict organizer for the Social-Democratic party of Wisconsin and was secretary to the mayor of Milwaukee, 1910-12. In 1904 he had published a small pamphlet of poems, but his first real appearance before the public was in Poetry, 1914. In the same year he was awarded the Levinson prize for his "Chicago." In 1918 he shared with Margaret Widdemer (q. V.) the prize of the Poetry Society of America; and in 1921, shared this with Stephen Vincent Benet (q. v.). Mr. Sandburg has a good voice and sings his poems to the accompaniment of the guitar. Suggestions for Reading 1. In judging Mr. Sandburg's work, it is important to remember that his theory involves complete freedom from conventions of all sorts — in thinking, in metrical form, and in vocabulary. His aim seems to be to reproduce. the im- pressions that all phases of life make upon him. 2. Consider whether his early prairie environment had an3d;hing to do with the large scale of his imagination, the appeal to him of enormous periods of time, masses of men, and forces. 3. Do you find elements of universaUty in his exaggerated locaUsms? Do they combine to form a definite philosophy? 4. What effect do the eccentricities and crudities of form have upon you? Do you consider them an essential part of his poetic expression or blemishes which he may one day over- come? 5. Do you find elements of greatness in Mr. Sandburg's work? Do you think they are likely to outweigh his obvious defects? 6. Compare and contrast his democratic ideals with those of Lindsay. 133 Carl Sandburg — Contintied Bibliography Chicago Poems. igi6. Comhuskers. 1918. The Chicago Race Riots. 1919. Smoke and Steel. 1920. Slabs of the Sunburnt West. 1922. Studies and Reviews LoweU. Dial, 61 ('16): 528; 65 ('18): 263 Untenneyer. (Untermeyer). Liv. Age, 308 ('21): 231. Bookm. 47 ('18): 389 (Phelps); New Repub. 22 ('20): 98; 25 ('20): 52 ('21): 242, 28s {for 38s); 86. 53 ('21) 389 (portrait); 54 ('21): Poetry, 8 ('16): 90; 13 ('18): 155; 360. 15 ('20): 271; 17 ('21): 266. Chapbook, 1-2, May, 1920: 15. Survey, 45 ('20): 12. (Fletcher.) George Santayana — ^poet, critic. Born at Madrid, Spain, 1863. Came to the United States, 1872. A. B., Harvard, 1886; A. M., Ph. D., 1889. In 1889 began to teach philosophy at Harvard; professor, 1907-12. While Mr. Santayana's chief work is in philosophy, he belongs to literature by the beauty of his poems, especially his sonnets, and by the quahty of his prose. Bibliography * Sonnets and Other Poems. 1894. The Sense of Beauty. i8g6. Lucifer — ^A Theological Tragedy. i8gg. Interpretations of Poetry and Religion. 1900. The Hermit of Carmel, and Other Poems. 1901. The Life of Reason. 1905. Three Philosophical Poets. 1910. Winds of Doctrine. 1913. Philosophical Opinion in America. 1918. Character and Opinion in the United States. 1920. * Little Essays. 1920. (Selected with author's collaboration, by Logan Fearsall Smith, q. v.) 134 George Sant&Yan&— Continued Studies and Reviews Rittenhouse. Liv. Age, 307 ('20): 50; 310 ('21): 200; 312 ('21): 300. (J. Middle- Acad. 79 ('io):s6i. ton Murry.) Ath. 1913, i: 3S3. Lond. Mer. 2 ('20): 411. Bookm. 47 ('18): 546. Nation, 109 ('19): 12. Bookm. (Lend.) 58 ('20): 208. New Repub. 23 ('20): 221; 25 Critic, 42 ('03): 129. ('21): 321. Cur. Op. SS ('13): 120; 69 ('20): New Statesman, 16 ('21): 729. 860. (Portraits.) Outlook, 126 ('20): 729 (portrait). Harp. W. 58 ('13): 27. Spec. 95 ('05): 119; 125 ('20): Ind. 61 ('06): 335 (portrait). 239; 126 ('21): 19. Lew R. Sarett — ^poet. Bom at Chicago, 1888. A. B., Beloit, 1911. Studied at Harvard, 191 1-2; LL. B., University of Illinois, 1916. Woodsman and guide in the Northwest several months each year for nine years. Teacher of English and oratory. Since 1920, associate professor of oratory, Northwestern University. Lecturer on the Canadian North and on Indian life. Sarett's Many, Many Moons: A Book of Wilderness Poems, 1926 (with an introduction by Carl Sandburg), is a reflection of his familiarity with Indian material. Received the Levinson prize for his poem, "The Box of God," 1921. Studies and Reviews Poetry, 17 ('20): 158. See also Book Review Digest, 1920. Clinton Scollard— poet. Bom at Clinton, New York, i860. A. B., Hamilton College, 1881. Studied at Harvard and at Cambridge, Eng- land. Professor of EngUsh hterature, Hamilton College, 1888-96 and 1911 — . Has pubhshed nearly forty volimies of graceful, accomphshed verse. For bibliography, cf. Who's Who in America. Studies and Reviews Rittenhouse. Critic, 40 ('02): 295 (portrait). Lamp, 29 ('04): 4SI. Chaut. 35 ('02): 345. See also Book Review Digest, 1915. 13s (Mrs.) Evelyn Scott — ^poet, novelist. Mrs. Scott has lived many years in Brazil (cf. Poetry, 15 ['19]: 100). Bibliography Precipitations. 1920. (Poems.) The Narrow House. 1921. (Novel.) Studies and Reviews Cent. 103 ('22): 520. (H. S. Poetry, 17 ('21): 334. (Lola Canby.) Ridge.) Dial, 70 ('21): 5gi, 594. See also Book Review Digest, Lond. Mercury, s ('22): 319. 1920, 1921. New Repub. 28 ('21): 305. CPad- raic Coltim.) Anne Douglas Sedgwick (Mrs. Basil De Selincourt) — ^novelist. Bom at Englewood, New Jersey, 1873. Educated at home. Left America when nine years old and has since lived abroad, chiefly in Paris and London. Studied painting for several years in Paris. Her reputation was made by Xante, 191 1. Her latest book is Adrienne Toner, 1922. For bibliography, see Who's Who in America. Studies and Reviews Sedgwick, H. D., The New Ind. 72 ('12): 678. American Type and Other Es- Lond. Mercury, 5 ('22): 431. says. 1908. Lond. Times, May 13, 1920: 3or. Nation, 94 ('12): 262. Ath. 1911, 2: SS3. New Statesman, 15 ('20): 137 Atlan. 109 ('12): 682. (Rebecca West); 18 ('21): 200 Bookm. 34 ('12): 655. (Rebecca West). Dial, 52 ('12): 323. Alan Seeger — ^poet. Born in New York City, 1888. In his boyhood lived in Mexico, and later in Paris and London. Entered Harvard, 1906. In 1913, went to Paris. In the first weeks of the War, enlisted in the Foreign Legion of France and was in action almost continually. Killed July 4, 1916. 136 Alan Seeger — Continued He won fame with his poem, "I Have a Rendezvous with Death." Bibliography Poems. 1916. (Introduction by William Archer.) Letters and Diary. 1917. Studies and Reviews Bookm. 47 ('18): 399, 585. New Repub. 10 ('17): 160. Eng. R. 27 ('18): 199. New Statesman, 9 ('17): 356. Lit. Digest, 53 ('16): 1190; SS Poetry, 10 ('17): 38. ('17): Oct. 27, p. 24 (portrait). R. of Rs. sS ('17): 208 (portrait). Liv. Age, 294 ('17): 221. Scrib. M. 61 ('17): 123. Lond. Times, June 29, 1917: 307; Dec. 14, 1917: 612. Ernest Thompson Seton — ^Nature writer. Born at South Shields, England, i860. Lived in the back- woods of Canada, 1866-70 and on the Western plains, 1882- 87. Educated at the Toronto Collegiate Institute and (as artist) at the Royal Academy, London. Official naturalist to the government of Manitoba. Studied art in Paris, 1890-6. One of the illustrators of the Century Dictionary. Prominent in the organization of the Boy Scout moveinent in America. For many years kept full journals of his expeditions and observations (illustrated). These make the "most complete pictorial animal library in the world." Bibliography Wild Animals I Have Known. 1898. The Trail of the Sandhill Stag. 1899. The Biography of a Grizzly. 1900. ■ Lobo, Rag and Vixen. 1900. Lives of the Hunted. 1901. Pictures of Wild Animals. 1901. Erag and Johnny Bear. 1902. Two Little Savages. 1903. Monarch, the Big Bear. 1904. Animal Heroes. 1905. Biography of a Silver Fox. 1909. 137 Ernest Thompson Seton — Continued Life-histories of Northern Animals. 1909. Wild Animals at Home. 1913. The Preacher of Cedar Moimtain. 1916. Wild Animal Ways. 1916. Stxidies and Reviews Halsey. Bk. News, 18 ('00): 490. Craftsman, 19 ('lo): 66 (por- Acad. 82 ('12): 523. trait.) Am. M. 91 ('21): 14 (portrait). Critic, 39 ('01): 320 (portrait). Atlan. 91 ('03): 298. Everybody's, 23 ('10): 473. Bookm. 13 ('21): 4; 25 ('07): 4S2. Liv. Age, 232 ('02): 222. (Portraits.) Outlook, 69 ('01): 904 (portrait). Bookm. (Lond.) 45 ('13): 144 Spec. 105 ('10): 488; 117 ('16): (portrait), 147. 345. Dallas Lore Sharp — Nature writer. Born at Haleyville, New Jersey, 1870. A. B., Brown, 1895; S. T. B., Boston University, 1899; Litt. D., Brown, 1917. Ordained for the Methodist Episcopal ministry, 1896. Pastor, 1896-9; hbrarian, 1899-1902. On stafiE of Youth's Companion, 1900-3. Has taught EngUsh in Boston Uni- versity since 1902, professor since 1909. Bibliography Wild Life Near Home. 1901. A Watcher in the Woods. 1903. Roof and Meadow. 1904. The Lay of the Land. 1908. The Face of the Fields. 1911. Where Rolls the Oregon. 1914. The HiUs of Hingham. 1916. Ways of the Woods. 1919. Patrons of Democracy. 1920. The Seer of Slabsides. 1921. Studies and Reviews Cur. Lit. 37 ('04): 230 (portrait). See also Book Review Digest, 1914, Dial, 45 ('08): 297. 1916. 138 Edward Brewster Sheldon— dramatist. Born at Chicago, 1886. A. B., Harvard, 1907; A. M., 1908. Mr. Sheldon's most successful play thus far is Romance, which was played by Doris Keane for almost ten years. Bibliography The Nigger. 1910. The Boss. 1911. (Quinn, Representative American Plays, 1917.) Romance. 1914. (Baker, Modern American Plays, 1920.) The Garden of Paradise. 1915. For bibliography of lupublished plays, cf. Cambridge, III (IV), 771. Studies and Reviews Eaton, W. P. Plays and Players, Harv. Grad. M. 17 ('09): 599 (por- 1916. trait), 604. At the New Theatre, 1910. Outlook, 102 ('12): 947. Moses. See also Book Review Digest, 1910, 1914. Stuart P(ratt) Sherman — critic. Born at Anita, Iowa, 1881. A. B., Williams, 1903; A. M., Harvard, 1904; Ph. D., 1906. Taught EngUsh at North- western University, 1 906-11; professor at the University of Illinois since 191 1. Associate editor of the Cambridge History of American Literature. Bibliography On Contemporary Literature. 191 7. American and Allied Ideals. 1918. Studies and Reviews Cw. Op. 64 ('18): 270 (portrait). See also Book Renew Digest, 1917. Lamp, 29 ('04) :4s 1, 4S2 (portrait). Upton Sinclair — ^novehst. Bom at Baltimore, 1878. A. B., College of the City of New York, 1897. Did graduate work for four years at Columbia, Assisted in the government investigation of the Chicago stockyards, 1906 (cf. The Jungle). Sociahst. 139 Upton Sinclair — Continued Founded the Helicon Hall communistic colony at Engle- wood, New Jersey, 1906-7, and the Intercollegiate Socialist Society. Bibliography King Midas. 1901. The Journal of Arthur Stirling. 1903. (Autobiographical.) * The Jungle. igo6. The Metropolis. 1908. The Money-changers. igo8. Plays of Protest. 19 11. Sylvia. 19 13. Sylvia's Marriage. 1914. The Cry for Justice. 1915. (Anthology.) King Coal, a Novel of the Colorado Strike. 1917. Jimmie Higgins. 1919. *The Brass Check. 1919. (Arraignment of commercialized news- papers and plea for an endowed newspaper.) 100%; the Story of a Patriot. 1920. Studies and Reviews Arena, 35 ('06): 187 (portrait). Ind. 57 ('04): 1133 (portrait); Ath. 1912, i: ss8; 2: 247. 62 ('07): 711; 71 ('11): 326. Bookm. 23 ('06): 130 (portrait), Nation, 113 ('21): 347. 19s, 244, 584; 24 ('07): 2, 443 New Statesman, i ('13): 209. (portrait). Review, 4 ('21): 128. Chaut. 64 ('11): 17s (portrait). R. of Rs. 31 ('05): 117; 33 ('06): Cur. Lit. 41 ('06): 3 (portrait). 760; 34 ('06): 6. (Portraits.) Cur. Op. 66 ('19): 386; 68 ('20): Spec. 96 ('06): 793; 99 ('07): 231. 669 (portrait). World Today, 11 ('06): 676; Freeman, 4 ('21): 258, 262. 21 ('11): 1197. (Portraits.) Elsie Singmaster (Mrs. Harold Lewars) — noveUst. Bom at Schuylkill Haven, Pennsylvania, 1879. A. B., Radcliffe, 1909; Litt. D., Pennsylvania College, 1916. Her work deals with the Pennsylvania Dutch. Bibliography Gettysburg — Stories of the Red Harvest and the Aftermath. 1913. Katy Gaumer. 1914. Emmeline. 1916. Basil Evennan. 1920. 140 Elsie SingvasLSter—Contintied John Baring's House. 1920. Ellen Levis. 1921. Bennett Malin. 1922. For reviews, see Book Review Digest, 1917, 1920. Logan Pearsall Smith — essa}dst. American scholar living in England. Belongs to literature through his Trivia — short prose poems, which suggest com- parison with similar experiments by Baudelaire, Oscar Wilde, and Marcel Schwob. Bibliography The Youth of Parnassus and Other Stories. 1895. Trivia. 1902. (Revised ed., 1918.) More Trivia. 1921. Studies and Reviews Bookm. (Lond.) 55 ('18): 68. New Statesman, 10 ('i7-'i8): Cur. Op. 64 ('18): 123 (portrait). 233; 11 ('18): 134. Nation (Lond.), 26 ('19): 398. Spec. 124 ('20): 50. Wilbur Daniel Steele — ^novelist, short-story writer. Born at Greensboro, North CaroUna, 1886. A. B., Uni- versity of Denver, 1907. Studied art in Boston, Paris, and New York, 1907-10. Bibliography Storm. 1914. Land's End. 1918. Studies and Reviews Bookm. 46 ('18): 704 (portrait). See also Book Review Digest, 1918. George Sterling — ^poet. Born at Sag Harbor, New York, 1869. Educated in private and public schools. About 1895 he moved to the West and now lives in California. 141 George Sterling— Continued Bibliography The Testimony of the Suns and Other Poems. 1903. A Wine of Wizardry and Other Poems. 1908. The House of Orchids and Other Poems. 1911. Beyond the Breakers and Other Poems. 1914. The Caged Eagle and Other Poems. 1916. The Binding of the Beast and Other Poems. 1917. Lilith. 1919. (Dramatic poem.) Rosamond. 1920. Studies and Reviews Bookm. 47 ('18): 339. See also Book Review Digest, 1916. Poetry, 7 ('16): 307. Wallace Stevens — ^poet. A New York lawyer, living in Hartford, Connecticut, whose work although not as yet collected into a volume has at- tracted much attention. Received the Poetry prize for the best one-act play, in 1916, for his "Three Travellers Watch a Sunrise," and the Levinson prize for his "Pecksniffiana," 1920. Mr. Stevens's art is purely decorative, and its effects must be studied as in pictorial art. He is an experimenter in free verse forms as well as in impressions. Bibliography Poems in Little Review. 1918. Others 1916, 1917, 1919. Poetry, vols. 7, 8, 11, 12, 15, 19, 20. Studies and Reviews Chapbook, 1-2, May, 1920: 28. Poetry, 17 ('20): 155. Arthur Stringer (Canada, 1874) — novelist. Author of Tke Prairie Wife, 1915, and The Prairie Mother, 1920. For bibliography, see Who's Who in America. 142 Simeon Strunsky — essayist, man of letters. Born at Vitebsk, Russia, 1879. A. B., Columbia, 1900. Department editor of the New International Encyclopedia, 1900-06, and editorial writer for the New York Evening Post, 1906 — . Bibliography The Patient Observer. 1911. Post-Impressions. An Irresponsible Chronicle. 1914. Belshazzar Court or Village Life in New York City. 1914. Professor Latimer's Progress. 1918. (Novel.) Little Journeys towards Paris. 1918. Sinbad and His Friends. 1921. Studies and Reviews Bookm. SI ('20): 65. Ind. 80 ('14): 24s (portrait). Cur. Op. 57 ('14): 198; 6s ('18): See also Book Review Digest, 1914, SI. (Portraits.) igi8. Ida Minerva Tarbell — essayist, historian. Bom in Erie County, Pennsylvania, 1857. A. B., Alle- gheny College, 1880; A. M., 1883. Honorary higher degrees. Associate editor of Tke Chautauquan, 1883-91. Studied in Paris at the Sorboime and the College de France, 1891-4. On staff of McClure's and associate editor, 1894-1906. Associate editor of the American Magazine, 1906-15. Bibliography Early Life of Abraham Lincoln. 1896. (With J. McCan Davis.) Life of Abraham Lincoln. 1900. He Knew Lincoln. 1907. The Business of Beiog a Woman. 191 2. The Ways of Women. 1915. New Ideals in Business. 1916. The Rising of the Tide. 1919. (Novel.) In Lincoln's Chair. 1920. Peacemakers — Blessed and Otherwise. 1922. 143 Ida Minerva Taxhell— Continued Studies and Reviews Am. M. 62 ('06): Oct., 569. 574 Dial, 28 ('00): 192. (portrait); 63 ('06): Nov., p. Ind. 90 Cij): 34; 91 ('17): 19. 79; 78 ('14): Nov., p. 10 (Portraits.) (portrait only). McClure's, 24 ('04): 109 (por- Bookm. 16 ('03) : 438. (Portraits.) trait), 217. Craftsman, 14 ('08): 2 (portrait). Nation, 70 ('00): 164; 104 ('17): Critic, 46 ('05): 296 (portrait), 84. 366. Outlook, 64 ('00): 413; 78 ('04): Cur. Lit. 37 ('04): 28; S2 ('12): 283 (portrait). 682. (Portraits.) (Newton) Booth Tarkington — ^novelist, dramatist. Born at Indianapolis, Indiana, 1869, of Frencii ancestry on one side. Came early under the influence of Riley (q. v.), a neighbor. Educated at Phillips Exeter Academy, Purdue University, and Princeton. Honorary higher degrees. Popular at college for his singing, acting and social talents. Began to study art but was not successful as an artist. Has written songs. Takes an active part in the social and political life of his state. Served in the Indiana legislature, 1902-3. Suggestions for Reading 1. Consider separately Mr. Tarkington's studies of boy life (especially Penrod), and of adolescence (especially Seventeen and Clarence). Judged by your own experience and observation, are they presented with true knowledge and humor, or are they a farcical skimming of surface eccen- tricities? Compare them with Mark Twain's books about boys and with Howells's Boy's Town. 2. Consider separately the historical novels. Is pure romance Mr. Tarkington's field? Why or why not? 3. Consider the justice or the injustice of the following: According to all the codes of the more serious kinds of fiction, the unwillingness — or the inability — to conduct a plot to its legitimate ending implies some weakness in the artistic character; and this weak- ness is Mr. Tarkington's principal defect. . . . Now this causes the more regret for the reason that he has what is next best to character in a 144 (Newton) Booth Tarkington — Continued novelist — that is, knack. He has the knack of romance, when he wants to employ it: a light, allusive manner; a sufficient acquaintance with certain charming historical epochs and the "properties" thereto pertain- ing . . .; a considerable experience in the ways of the "world"; gay colors, swift moods, the note of tender elegy. He has also the knack of satire, which he employs more frequently than romance ... he has traveled a long way from the methods of his greener days. Why, then, does he continue to trifle with his threadbare adolescents, as if he were afraid to write candidly about his coevals? Why does he drift with the sentimental tide and make propaganda for provincial complacency? 4. In what direction lies Mr. Tarkington's future? Is he likely to become more than a popular writer? What, if any, elements of enduring value do you find in his work? 5. What "Hoosier" elements do you find in his work? Compare him with Ade, Riley, Nicholson, and with the older writers of Indiana, Edward Eggleston, and Maurice Thomp- son. Bibliography The Gentleman from Indiana. 1899. * Monsieur Beaucaire. 1900. (Dramatized, with E. G. Sutherland.) The Two Vanrevels. 1902. Cherry. 1903. In the Arena. 1905. The Conquest of Canaan. 1905. The Beautiful Lady. 1905. His Own People. 1907. The Guest of Quesnay. 1908. Beasley's Christmas Party. 1909. Beauty and the Jacobin. 191 1. The Flirt. 1913. * Penrod. 1914. * The Turmoil. 1915. Penrod and Sam. 1916. * Seventeen. 1916. The Magnificent Ambersons. 1918. Ramsey Milholland. 1919. * Clarence. 1919. (Play.) * Alice Adams. 1921. Gentle Julia. 1922. For bibliography of unpublished plays, cf. Who's Who in America. 145 (Newton) Booth Tai^ngton— Continued Stddies and Reviews Cooper. Bookm. (Lond.) 55 ('19): 123 Eaton, W. P. At the New Theatre. (portrait). 1910. Critic, 36 ('00): 399 (portrait); Holliday, Robert C. Booth Tar- 37 ('00): 396. Idngton. 1918. Cur. Lit. 30 ('oi): 280. Nicholson, Meredith. The Hoos- Harp. W. 46 ('02): 1773 (portrait). iers. (National Studies in Amer- Ind. 52 ('00): 67, 2795 (portrait). ican Letters.) 1900. Liv. Age, 300 ('19): 541. Phelps. Mentor, 6 ('18): supp., p. 3 (portrait). Am. M. 83 ('17): Jan., p. 9; 86 Nation, 103 ('16): 330; 112 ('21): ('18): Nov., p. 18. (Portraits.) 233. (Carl Van Doren.) Bookm. 16 ('02): 214 (portrait). Outlook, 72 ('02): 817 (portrait); 373; 21 Cos): S (portrait); 24 90 ('08): 701; 126 '('20): 281: ('07): 60s (portrait); 42 ('16): 128 ('21): 6s8 (portrait). S°S, 507 (portrait); 46 ('17): World's Work, 39 ('20); 496 259 (portrait); 48 ('18): 493. portrait). Bert Leston Taylor (" B. L. T.", Massachusetts, 1866)— humorist, poet, "columnist." Editor of "A Line o' T3^e or Two " in the Chicago Tribune until his death in 1921. Characteristic books are Motley Measures, 1913, and The So-Called Human Race, 1922. For complete bibliography, cf. Who's Who in America. Sara Teasdale (Mrs. Ernst B, Filsinger)— poet. Born at St. Louis, Missouri, 1884. Educated in private schools, St. Louis. Traveled in Europe and the Near East. Received prizes from the Poetry Society of America, 19 16, 1918. Sara Teasdale's love lyrics have been admired for their simpUcity, feeUng, and perfection of form. They need merely to be read to be appreciated. Bibliography Sonnets to Duse, and Other Poems. 1907. Helen of Troy and Other Poems. 191 1. Rivers to the Sea. 1915. 146 Sara Teasdale — Continued Love Songs. 1917. The Answering Voice: One Hundred Love Lyrics by Women. 1917. (Compilation.) Vignettes of Italy. 1919. (Songs.) Flame and Shadow. 1920. Studies and Reviews Untermeyer. Lit. Digest, 58 (18'): 29 (portrait). New Repub. 15 ('18): 239. Bookm. 42 ('is): 365 (portrait), Poetry, 7 ('15): 148; 12 ('18): 264; 457- 47 (18): 392 (Phelps). 17 ('21): 272. Forum, 65 ('21): 229. Touchstone, 2 ('17): 310 (portrait). Augustus Thomas — dramatist. Born at St. Louis, Missouri, 1859. Son of the director of a theatre in New Orleans. As a boy often went to plays; began to write them at fourteen; at sixteen or seventeen, organized an amateur company. Educated in the St. Louis public schools. Page in the 41st Congress. Honorary A. M., Williams, 1914. Studied law two years; had six years of experience in railroading. Special writer, and illustrator on St. Louis, Kansas City, and New York newspapers. Bibliography Alabama. 1905.. The Witching Hour. 1908. (Also, Dickinson, Chief Contemporary Dramatists, 1915.) As a Man Thinks. 1911. (Also, Baker, Modern American Plays. 1920.) Arizona. 1914. In Mizzoura. 1916. (Also, Moses, Representative Plays by American Dramatists, 1918-21, III.) For bibliography of unpublished plays, cf. Cambridge, III (IV), 771. Studies and Reviews Boynton. Bookm. 33 ('11): 353 (portrait), Eaton, W. P. Plays and Players. 354. 1916. Collier's, 44 ('09): 23. At the New Theatre. Cur. Lit. 39 ('05): 544; 46 ('09): igio. 544. (Portraits.) Moses. Cur. Op. 64 ('18): 183. 147 Augustus Thomas — Continued Everybody's, 25 ('11): 681 (por- Outlook, 94 ('10): 212 (portrait); trait). 110 ('15): 836, 865 (portrait). Forum, 39 ('08): 366; 40 ('08): 43; Scrib. M. 55 ('14): 275 (portrait), 42 ('09): S7S. World's Work, 18 ('09): 11850 Ind. 61 ('06): 737 (portrait). (portrait), 11882. C\'an Wyck Brooks.) Eunice Tietjens (Mrs. Cloyd Head)— poet. Born at Chicago, 1884. Married Paul Tietjens, the com- poser, 1904; Cloyd Head, the writer, 1920. Associate editor of Poetry, 1914, 1916. War correspondent in France, 1917-8. Mrs. Tietjens' Profiles from China is based upon her experi- ence as an observer of life in China. Bibliography Profiles from China. 1917. Body and Raiment. 1919. Jake. 1921. Studies and Reviews Untenneyer. Spec. 124 ('20): 315. See also Book Review Digest, 1917, Poetry, 10 ('17): 326; 15 ('20): 272. 1919, 1921. Ellas Tobenkin — novelist. Born in Russia, 1882. Came to the United States as a boy. A. B., University of Wisconsin, 1905; A. M., 1906. Specialized in German literature and philosophy. Extensive newspaper experience in Milwaukee, San Francisco, and Chicago. European correspondent of New York Tribune, 19 18-9. Bibliography Witte Arrives. igi6. The House of Conrad. 1918. The Road. 1922. Studies and Reviews Bookm. 45 ('17): 300 (portrait), See also Book Review Digest, 303; 47 ('18): 340, 343- 1916, 1918. 148 (Frederic) Ridgely Torrence— poet, dramatist. Bom at Xenia, Ohio, 1875. Educated at Miami University and Princeton. Librarian in the Aster Library, 1897-1901, and Lenox Library, 1901-3. Assistant editor of The Critic, 1903-4, and associate editor of the Cosmopolitan, 1906-7. Mr. Torrence's plays for a negro theatre are worth special study. Bibliography The House of a Hundred Lights. 1900. El Dorado, a Tragedy. 1903. Abelard and Heloise. 1907. (Poetic drama.) Granny Maumee; The Rider of Dreams; Simon the Cyrenian. Plays for a Negro Theatre. 191 7. Studies and Reviews Rittenhouse. Bk. Buyer, 20 ('00): 96 (portrait). Fortn. 86 ('06): 434. Atlan. 96 ('05): 712; 98 ('06): 333. New Repub. 10 ('17): 325. Horace Traubel — ^poet, biographer. Bom at Camden, New Jersey, 1873, of part Jewish parent- age. Worked as newsboy, errand boy, printer's devil, proof reader, reporter, and editorial writer. Editor of various pub- lications, including The Conservator. Died in 19 19. Mr. Traubel is best known for his association with Whit- man as friend, secretary, and literary executor. When Whit- man went to Camden in 1873, he became a member of the Traubel household; and Mr. Traubel's account of his life there is of the greatest value for the study of Whitman. Although Traubel's poetry was strongly influenced by Whitman, he worked out a philosophy of his own which is worth study. An interesting comparison can be made of his ideas with Whitman's and with Edward Carpenter's (of. Manly and Rickert, Contemporary British Literature). Bibliography Chants Communal. 1905. \Wth Walt Whitman in Camden — a Diary. 1905 (Volume I). 1908 (Volume II). 1914 (Volume III). Optimos. 1910. (Poems.) Collects. 1915. 149 Horace Traubel — Continued Studies and Reviews Karsner, D. Horace Traubel, His Arena, 40 ('08): 128 (portrait), 183. Life and Work. 1919. Cur. Lit. 39 ('05): 37 (portrait); Untermeyer. 52 ('12): 590 (portrait). Forum, 50 ('13): 708. Am. M. 76 ('13): Nov., pp. S9 Freeman, i ('20): 46, 44.8. (portrait), 60. *Open Court, 34 ('20): 49, 87. Jean Starr Untermeyer — ^poet. Bom at Zanesville, Ohio, 1886. Educated at Putnam Seminary, Zanesville, and special student at Columbia. In 1907, she married Louis Untermeyer (q. v.). Bibliography Growing Fains. 1918. Dreams out of Darkness. 1921. Studies and Reviews Untermeyer. See also Book Review Digest, 1918, 1921. Poetry, 14 ('19): 47. (Amy Lowell.) Louis Untermeyer — ^poet, critic. Born in New York City, 1885. Educated at the De Witt Clinton High School, New York. An accomplished pianist and professional designer of jewelry. Married Jean Starr (q. v.), 1907. Business man. Associate editor of The Seven Arts (cf. Poetry, 9 ['i6-'i7]: 214). Contributing editor to The Liberator. Socialist. Mr. Untermeyer's early verse was influenced by Heine, Housman, and Henley, especially the last; but he has broken away from them to an individual expression of social passions. Bibliography The Younger Quire. 191 1. First Love. 191 1. Challenge. 1914. ISO Louis TJntermejer— Continued " and Other Poets." 1917. (Parodies.) These Times. 1917. The New Era in American Poetry. 1919. Including Horace. 1919. Modem American Poetry. 1919. (Anthology.) The New Adam. 1920. Modem British Poetry. 1920. (Anthology.) Studies and Reviews Bookm. 47 ('18): 266. (Phelps.) Poetry, 4 ('14): 203; 11 ('17): 157; Lend. Times, Nov. 17, 1921: 746. 14 ('19): 159; 17 ('21): 212. New Statesman, 18 ('21): 114. Sat. Rev. 132 ('21): 737. Outlook, 122 ('19): 644 (portrait). Carl Van Doren — critic. Bom at Hope, Illinois, 1885. A. B., University of Illinois, 1907; Ph. D., Columbia, 1911. Taught English at the Uni- versity of Illinois, 1907-16; assistant professor, 1914-6. Associate in Enghsh at Columbia since 191 6. Headmaster of The Brearley School, New York, 1916-9. Literary editor of The Nation, 1919 — . Co-editor of the Cambridge His- tory of American Literature. His most important book is The American Novel, 1921. Stxjdies and Reviews Cur. Op. 71 ('21): 642. New Repub. 29 ('21): 106. Dial, 71 ('21): iss- See also Booh Review Digest, 1921. Nation, 113 ('21): 18. Henry Van Dyke — ^man of letters. Bom at Germantown, Pennsylvania, 1852. Graduate of the Brookl)ai Polytechnic Institute, 1869; A. B., Princeton, 1873, A. M., 1876; Princeton Theological Seminary, 1877; at the University of Berlin, 1877-9. Many honorary higher degrees and other marks of distinction. Ordained minister in the Presbyterian Church, 1879. Pastor in Newport, Rhode Island, 1879-82, and in New York, 1883-1900, 1902, 1911. Professor of Enghsh literature at Princeton Uni- versity, 1900 — . American lecturer at the University of Henry Van Dyke — Continued Paris, 1908-9. United States minister to The Nether- lands, 1913-7. Most of Mr. Van Dyke's numerous stories, essays, and poems are to be found in his Collected Works, 1920. His most recent works are: Camp-Fires and Guide Posts, 1921, and Songs Out of Doors, 1922. Studies and Reviews Halsey. Critic, 42 ('03): 511, 516 (portrait). Cur. Lit. 28 ('00): 282. Bookm. 30 ('10): ssi; 38 ('13): Nation, 104 ('17): S4- 20. (Portraits.) Outlook, 99 ('11): 704. Cent. 67 ('04): 579 (portrait). R. of Rs. 41 ('10): 509 (portrait). Hendrik Willem Van Loon — ^man of letters. Born at Rotterdam, Holland, 1882. A. B., Cornell, 1905; Ph. D., Munich, 191 1. Associated press correspondent in Russia during the revolution of 1906 and in various countries of Europe during the war. Lecturer on history and the his- tory of art. Mr. Van Loon has made a place in literature by The Story of Mankind, 1921. Cf. Book Review Digest, 1921. Stuart Walker — dramatist. Born at Augusta, Kentucky. A. B., University of Cin- cinnati, 1902. Studied at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts. Play-reader, actor, and stage manager with David Belasco (q. v.), 1909-14. Originator of the Port- manteau Theatre, 19 14, and since 1915 his own producer. Bibliography Portmanteau Plays. 191 7. (The Triplet, Nevertheless, The Medicine Show, Six Who Pass While the Lentils Boil.) More Portmanteau Plays. 1919. (The Lady of the Weeping Willow Tree, The Very Naked Boy, Jonathan Makes a Wish.) Portmanteau Adaptations. 1920. Sir David Wears a Crown. 1922. 152 Stuart WaikeT— Continued Studies and Reviews New Repub. 13 ('17): 222; 21 See also Book Review Digest, igig. ('19): 60. Eugene Walter — dramatist. Born at Cleveland, Ohio, 1874. Educated in the public schools. Political and general news reporter on various newspapers in Cleveland, Detroit, Cincinnati, Seattle, and New York. Business manager of theatrical and amusement enterprises, ranging from minstrels and circuses to symphony orchestras and grand opera companies. Served in the Spanish War. His most successful play. The Easiest Way (1908), is printed by Dickinson, Chief Contemporary Dramatists, 1915, and by Moses, Representative Plays by American Dramatists, 1918-21, III. For bibliography of unpublished plays, cf. Cambridge, III (IV), 772. Studies and Reviews Eaton, W. P. At the New Am. M. 71 ('10): 121 (portrait). Theatre. 1910. Cur. Op. 62 ('17): 403. Drama, 6 ('16): no. Willard Austin Wattles — ^poet. Bom at Bayneville, Kansas, 1888. A. B., University of Kansas, 1909; A. M., 1911. Taught English in various schools; since 1914, at the University of Kansas. Bibliography Sunflowers — A Book of Kansas Poems. 1914. (Compilation; includes some of his poems.) Lanterns in Gethsemane. 191 8. The Fimston Double-Track and Other Poems. 1919. Silver Arrows. 1920. Studies and Reviews Untermeyer. Ind. 91 ('17): 59 (portrait). See also Book Review Digest, 1919. IS3 Mary Stanbery Watts (Mrs. Miles Taylor Watts) — novelist. Born at Delaware, Ohio, 1868. Educated at the Convent of the Sacred Heart, Cincinnati, 1881-4. Bibliography The Tenants. 1908. * Nathan Burke. 1910. The Legacy, igii. Van Cleve. 1913. * The Rise of Jennie Gushing. 1914. From Father to Son. 1919. The House of Rimmon. 1922. Studies and Reviews Overton. Ind. 71 ('11): 532 (portrait). NewRepub. 2 ('is): 152. (Robert Bookm. 27 ('08); 157 (portrait), Herrick.) 159; 31 ('1°); 454 (portrait). See also Book Review Digest, Cur. Op. 56 ('14): 137 (portrait). 1916-20. Henry Kitchell Webster — novelist. Born at Evanston, Illinois, 1875. Ph. M., Hamilton Col- lege, 1897. Instructor in rhetoric at Union College, 1897-8. Since then he has given his time entirely to writing novels. Bibliography The Short Line War. 1899. (With Samuel Merwin.) Calumet "K". 1901. (With Samuel Merwin.) The Real Adventure. 1916. The Painted Scene. 1916. (Short stories.) The Thoroughbred. 1917. An American Family. 1918. Mary Wollaston. 1920. Real Life. 1921. Studies and Reviews Bookm. 26 ('07): 4 (portrait only). New Repub. 9 ('16): 133. Everybody's, 37 ('17): Nov., p. See also Book Review Digest, 1916, 16 (portrait). 1917, 1918, 1920. 154 Winifred Welles — ^poet. Bom at Norwich Town, Connecticut, 1893, and educated in the vicinity. Her first volume, The Hesitant Heart, 1920, attracted attention for its lyric beauty. Studies and Reviews Bookm. SI ('20): 4S7. See also Book Review Digest, 1920, New Repub. 23 ('20): 156. 1921. Rita Wellman (Mrs. Edgar F. Leo) — dramatist. Born at Washington, D. C, 1890. Daughter of Walter Wellman, the airman and explorer. Educated in public schools and the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts. Bibliography The GentUe Wife. 1919. Wings of Desire. 1919. (Novel.) Funiculi Fimicula. 1919. (Mayorga.) Edith (Newbold Jones) Wharton— novelist, short-stoiy writer. Bom in New York City, 1862. Educated at home but spent much time abroad when she was young. Mrs. Wharton is a society woman and a great lover of outdoors and of ani- mals. Chevalier of the Legion of Honor of France. Suggestions for Reading 1. Mrs. Wharton's friendship with Henry James and the derivation of her methods from his suggest an interesting comparison of the work of these two writers. For this com- parison, books treating of similar material should be chosen; for example, Mrs. Wharton's The Custom of the Country or Madame de Treymes with Mr. James's Portrait of a Lady or The Ambassadors. The result will show that Mrs. Wharton, having an essentially different type of mind, has worked out an interesting set of variations of Mr. James's method. 2. Mrs. Wharton's novels of American social Ufe should be studied and judged separately from her Italian historical Edith (Newbold Jones) Whaiton— Continued novel {The Valley of Decision) and from her New England stories, Ethan Frome and Summer. 3. Two special phases of Mrs. Wharton's work which call for study are her management of supernatural effects in some of her short stories and her use of satire. 4. Her short stories offer a basis of comparison with those of Mrs. Gerould (q. v.), another disciple of Mr. James. 5. Has Mrs. Wharton enough originality and enough distinction to hold a permanent high place as a novelist of American manners? 6. Use the following criticisms by Mr. Carl Van Doren as the basis of a critical judgment of your own. Decide whether he is in all respects right: From the first Mrs. Wharton's power has lain in the ability to re- produce in fiction the circumstances of a compact community in a way that illustrates the various oppressions which such communities put upon individual vagaries, whether viewed as sin, or ignorance, or folly, or merely as social impossibility. She has always been singularly unpartisan, as if she recognized it as no duty of hers to do more for the herd or its members than to play over the spectacle of their clashes the long, cold light of her magnificent irony. It is' only in these moments of satire that Mrs. Wharton reveals much about her disposition: her impatience of stupidity and affectation and muddy confusion of mind and purpose; her dislike of dinginess; her toleration of arrogance when it is high-bred. Such qualities do not help her, for all her spare, clean movement, to achieve the march or rush of narrative; sudi qualities, for all her satiric pungency, do not bring her into sympathy with the sturdy or burly or homely, or with the broader aspects of comedy. ... So great is her self-possession that she holds criticism at arm's length, somewhat as her chosen circles hold the barbarians. If she had a little less of this pride of dignity she might perhaps avoid her tendency to assign to decorum a larger power than it actually exercises, even in the societies about which she writes. . . . The illusion of reality in her work, however, almost never fails her, so alertly is her mind on the lookout to avoid vulgar or shoddy romantic elements. Bibliography The Greater Inclination. iSgg. The Touchstone. 1900. Crucial Instances, igoi. The Valley of Decision. 1902. iS6 Edith (Newbold Jones) Wharton — Continued Sanctuary. 1903. The Descent of Man, and Other Stories. 1904. Italian Villas and Their Gardens. 1904. Italian Backgrounds. 1905. * The House of Mirth. 1905. * Madame de Treymes. 1907. The Fruit of the Tree. 1907. The Hermit and the Wild Woman. 1908. A Motor-flight Through France. 1908. Artemis to Actseon. 1909. Tales of Men and Ghosts. 1910. * Ethan Frome. 1911. The Reef. 191 2. * The Custom of the Country. 1913. Fighting France. 1915. * Xingu and Other Stories. 1916. Summer. 1917. The Mame. 1918. In Morocco. 1920. French Ways and their Meaning. 1920. * The Age of Innocence. 1920. Glimpses of the Moon. 1922. Studies and Reviews E. Voices 1913- of To- Bjorkman, morrow. Cooper. Halsey. (Women.) Sedgwick, H. D. The New Ameri- can Type. 1908. Underwood. Atlan. 98 ('06): 217. Bookm. 33 ('11): 302 (portrait). Critic, 37 ('00): 103 (portrait), 173- Cur. Op. s8 ('15): 272. Dial, 68 ('20): 80. Harp. W. 49 Cos): 1750 (portrait). Lit. Digest, 55 ('17): Aug. 4, p. 37 (portrait). Lond. Times, Dec. s, 1919: 710. Nation, 85 ('07): 514; 97 ('13): 404; 112 ('21): 40. (Carl Van Doren.) NewRepub. 2 ('is):4o; 3 ('15): 20; 10 ('17): so. New Statesman, 8 ('16): 234. No. Am. 182 ('06): 840; 183 ('06): I2S (continuation of previous article.) Outlook, 71 ('02): 209, 211 (por- trait); 81 ('05): 719; 90 ('08): 698 (portrait), 702. Putnam's, 3 ('08): 590 (portrait). Quarterly R. 223 ('is): 182 (Percy Lubbock) =Liv. Age, 284 ('15): 604. Spec. 9S Cos): 47°- IS7 John Hall Wheelock — ^poet, Born at Far Rockaway, Long Island, 1886. A. B., Har- vard, 1908; studied at the University of Gottingen, 1909; University of Berlin, 19 10. With Charles Scribner's Sons since 1911. Strongly influenced by Whitman and Henley. Bibliography The Human Fantasy. 191 1. The Beloved Adventure. 191 2. Love and Liberation. 1913. Dust and Light. 1919. Studies and Reviews Untermeyer. Poetry, 4 ('14): 163; 15 ('20): 343- Lit. Digest, SS ('17): Nov. 10, See also Book Review Digest, igig. p. 29 (portrait). Stewart Edward White — ^novelist, short story writer. Born at Grand Rapids, Michigan, 1873, of pioneer ancestry. At the age of twelve, went with his father to California and for four years lived mostly in the saddle. At the age of sixteen, went to high school in Michigan but spent much time in the woods, studying the birds and making a large collection of specimens. Ph. B., University of Michigan, 1895; A. M., 1903. Went to the Black Hills in a gold rush, but returned poor and went to Columbia to study law, 1896-7. He was influenced by Brander Matthews to write. Made his way into hterature via book-selling and reviewing. Explored in the Hudson Bay wilderness and in Africa, spent a winter as a lumberman in a lumber camp, and finally went to the Sierras of California to hve. He is a thorough woodsman. Bibliography The Claim Jumpers. 1901. * The Blazed Trail. 1902. Conjuror's House. 1903. The Magic Forest. 1903. 158 Stewart Edward White — Continued ♦The Silent Places. 1904. Blazed Trail Stories. 1904. Arizona Nights. 1907. The Rivennan. 1908. * The Rules of the Game. 1909. The Cabin. 1910. The Land of Footprints. 1912. (Travel.) African Camp Fires. 1913. (Travel.) Gold. 1913. The Rediscovered Country. 1915. (Travel.) The Gray Dawn. 1915. The Forty-Niners. 1918. {Chronicles of America Series, vol. 25.) The Rose Dawn. 1920, The Killer. 1920. Studies and Reviews Bookm. 17 ('03): 31 ('10): 486 ('13): 9- Bookm. ([x>nd.) 46 ('14): 31 illustrations). 308 (portrait); (portrait); 38 supp. no. 14 27 Cos): (portrait 253; and Mentor, 6 ('18): (portrait only). Outing, 43 ('03): 218 (portrait). World's Work, 6 ('03): 3695 (portrait). Brand Whitlock — ^novelist, short story writer. Bom at Urbana, Ohio, 1869. Educated in pubhc schools and privately. Honorary higher degrees. Newspaper experience in Toledo and Chicago, 1887-93. Clerk in office of Secretary of State, Springfield, Illinois, 1893-7. Studied law and was admitted to the bar, (Illinois, 1894; Ohio, 1897). Practiced in Toledo, Ohio, 1897-1905. Elected mayor as Independent candidate, 1905, 1907, 1909, 1911; declined fifth nomination. Minister (1913) and ambassador (1919) to Belgium and did distinguished war service there. Mr. AAThitlock. has made his poUtical experience the basis of his most interesting contributions to literature. Bibliography * The 13th District. 1902. Her Infinite Variety. 1904. The Happy Average. 1904. * The Turn of the Balance. 1907. IS9 Brand WldtLock— Continued Abraham Lincoln. 1908. The Gold Brick. 1910. On the Enforcement of Law in Cities. 1910. The Fall Guy. 191 2. Forty Years of It. 1914. Memories of Belgium Under the German Occupation. 1918. Belgiimi; a Personal Narrative. 1919. Studies and Reviews Am. M. 69 ('10): S99, 601 (por- Lit. Digest, 51 ('is): 1240, 135^ trait); 82 ('16): Nov., p. 30. (portrait). (portrait). Nation, 105 ('17): 21. Arena, 37 ('07): 560 (portrait), NewRepub. s ('is): 86. 623. No. Am. 192 ('10): 93. (Howells.) Bookm. (Lond.) 56 ('19): S8 Outlook, in ('15): 652, 661 (portrait), 201. (portrjiit). Cur. Op. 58 ('is): 167 (portrait). R. of Rs. 43 ('"): "9; 52 ('is): Everybody's, 38 ('18): Jan., p. 25 703 (portrait). (portrait). Spec. 122 ('19): 795. Harper's, 129 ('14): 310. Margaret Widdemer (Mrs. Robert Haven Schauffler) — poet, novelist. Born at Doylestown, Pennsylvania. Educated at home. Graduate of the Drexel Institute Library School, 1909. Her first pubhshed poem, "Factories," attracted wide attention for its hiunanitarian interest. In 19 18, she shared with Carl Sandburg (q. v.) the prize of the Poetry Society of America. Her verse reflects the attitudes and interests of the modern woman. Bibliography The Rose-Garden Husband. 1915. (Novel.) * Factories, with Other Lyrics. 1915. Why Not? 1915. (Novel.) The Wishing-Ring Man. 1917. (Novel.) The Old Road to Paradise. 1918. You're Only Young Once. 1918. (Novel.) The Board Walk. 1919. (Short stories.) I've Married Marjorie. 1920. (Novel.) Cross-Currents. 1921. The Year of Delight. 1921. (Novel.) A Minister of Grace. 1922. (Short stories.) 160 Margaret WiddemeT— Continued Studies and Reviews Untermeyer. Poetry, 7 ('15): 130; 14 ('19): 273. See also Book Review Digest, Bookm. 42 ('is): 458; 47 ('18): 1915, 1917, 1918, 1920, 1921. 392. Kate Douglas Wiggin (Mrs. George C. Riggs) — Story- writer. Born at Philadelphia, 1859. As a child, lived in New England and was educated at home, and at Abbott Academy, Andover, Massachusetts. Honorary Litt. D., Bowdoin, 1906. Studied to be a kindergarten teacher. Later, her family moved to Southern California and she organized the first free kindergarten for poor children on the Pacific coast. Her kindergarten experience is seen in her first two books. She has continued her interest in kindergarten work. Musi- cian (piano and vocal); composer. Bibliography The Birds' Christmas Carol. 1888. The Story of Patsy. 1889. ♦Timothy's Quest. 1890. Penelope's English Experiences. 1893. Penelope's Progress. 1898. Penelope's Experiences in Ireland. 1901. * Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm. 1903. (Play, 1908.) Rose o' the River. 1905. New Chronicles of Rebecca. 1907. The Old Peabody Pew. 1907. (Play, 1917.) Mother Carey's Chickens. 1911. (Play, 1915.) The Story of Waitstill Baxter. 1913. Penelope's Postscripts. 1915. (Play.) Collected Works. 1917. Ladies-in-Waiting. 1919. Studies and Reviews Halsey. (Women.) Overton. Harkins. (Women.) Wiggin, K. D. The Giri and the Cooper. Kingdom: Learning to Teach. 161 Kate Douglas Wiggin— Continued Atlan. go ('02): 276. Critic, 43 ('03): 388; 47 ('05): 197. Bk. Buyer, 8 ('91): 285. (Portraits.) Boolun. 18 ('03): 4 (portrait), 652; Cur. Lit. 30 ('01): 277. 20 ('05): 402 (portrait); 25 J. Educ. 83 ('16): 594 (portrait). ('07): 226 (portrait), 304, 566; Lamp, 29 ('05): 585. 32 ('10): 236 (portrait); 40 Lit. Digest, 63 ('19): 30 (port- CiS): 478- rait). Bookm. (Lond.) 38 ('10): 149 Outlook, 75 ('03): 847 (portrait). (portrait); 43 ('12): 9. Percival Wilde — dramatist. Born in New York City, 1887. B. S., Columbia, 1906. Banker, inventor, reviewer. Has been writing plays since 1912, and has had many produced in Little Theatres. Bibliography Dawn, with The Noble Lord, The Traitor, A House of Cards, Play- ing with Fire, The Finger of God; One-Act Plays of Life Today. 1915- Confessional, and Other American Plays. 1916. (Confessional, The Villain in the Piece, According to Darwin, A Question of Morality, The Beautiful Story.) The Unseen Host, and Other War Plays. 191 7. (The Unseen Host, Mothers of Men, Pawns, In the Ravine, Valkyrie.) For Bibliography of unpublished plays, see Who's Who in America. For Reviews, see the Book Review Digest, 1915-17. Marguerite (Ogden Bigelow) Wilkinson (Mrs. James G. Wilkinson, Nova Scotia, Canada, 1883) — poet. Compiler of Golden Songs of the Golden State (California anthology), 1917, and of New Voices, (studies in modem poetry with extensive quotations), 1919. Has also pub- Ushed several volumes of poetry. Ben Ames Williams — ^noveUst. Bom at Macon, Mississippi, 1889. A. B., Dartmouth, 1910. Newspaper writer until 1916. 162 Ben Ames WUSiams— Continued Bibliography All the Brothers Were Valiant. 1919. The Sea Bride. 1919. The Great Accident. 1920. Evered. 1921. For reviews, see Book Review Digest, 1919, 1920, 1921. Jesse Lynch Williams (Illinois, 187 1) — ^novelist, short- story writer. First attracted attention with his stories of college life. For bibliography, see Who's Who in America. William Carlos Williams — ^poet. Born in 1883. Physician. Lives in Rutherford, New Jer- sey, where his first book was privately printed. Co-editor of Conpact. Bibliography Poems. 1909. The Tempers. 1913. A Book of Poems, Al Que Quiere. 1917. Kora in Hell: Improvisations. 1920. Sour Grapes. 1921. Also in: Des Imagistes. 1914. Dial. (Passim) Egoist. {Passim) Little Review. {Passim) Studies and Reviews Dial, 70 ('21): 3S2, 565; 72 ('22): Poetry, 17 ('21): 329. 197. Harry Leon Wilson (Illinois, 1867) — ^novelist, dramatist. His best-known novel is Ruggles of Red Gap, 1915. Col- laborated with Booth Tarkington (q. v.) in the plays, The Man from Home, 1908, and Bunker Bean, 1912. For bibli- ography, see Who's Who in America. 163 Owen Wister — novelist. Born at Philadelphia, i860. A. B., Harvard, 1882; A. M., LL. B., 1888; honorary LL. D., University of Pennsylvania, 1907. Admitted to the Philadelphia bar, 1889. In literary work since 1891. Bibliography The Dragon of Wantley— His Tail. 1892. Red Men and White. 1896. Lin McLean. 1898. (Short stories.) The Jimmy John Boss. igoo. * The Virginian. 1902. Philosophy 4. 1903. A Journey in Search of Christmas. 1904. * Lady Baltimore. 1906. The Seven Ages of Washington. 1907. (Biography.) Members of the Family. 1911. (Short stories.) The Pentecost of Calamity. 1915. (Germany in 1914.) The Straight Deal; or The Ancient Grudge. 1920. Studies and Reviews Cooper. Cur. Lit. 33 ('02): 127 (portrait), 238. Bk. Buyer, 25 ('02): 199. Dial, S9 ('is): 303- Bookm. 27 ('08): 458, 465 (por- Ind. 60 ('06): 1159 (portrait), trait). Lond. Times, July 4, 1902: 196. Critic, 41 ('02): 358. World's Work, s ('02): 2792, 279s (portrait); 6 ('03): 3694. Charles Erskine Scott Wood — poet. Bom at Erie, Pennsylvania, 1852. Graduate of U. S. Military Academy, 1874; Ph. B., LL. B., Columbia, 1883. Served in the U. S. Army, 1874-84, in various campaigns against the Indians. Admitted to the bar, 1884, in Port- land, Oregon, and practiced until he retired, 1919. Painting, as well as writing, an avocation. His knowledge of the Indians and of the desert appears in his principal work, a long poem in the manner of Whitman, The Poet in the Desert. 164 Charles Erskine Scott Wood — Continued Bibliography A Book of Tales, Being Myths of the North American Indians, igoi. A Masque of Love. 1904. * The Poet in the Desert, igis- Mala. 1916. Circe. 1919. Studies and Reviews Untermeyer. Poetry, 6 ('15): 311. Sunset, 28 ('12): 232 (portrait). Cur. Op. 59 ('is): 268. George Edward Woodberry — ^poet, critic. Born at Beverly, Massachusetts, 1855. A. B., Harvard, 1877. Honorary higher degrees. Professor of English at the University of Nebraska, 1877-8, 1880-2, and of com- parative literature, Columbia, 1891-1904. Mr. Woodberry has published many volumes of poetry and criticism. His critical writings were brought together in his Collected Essays (six volumes) in 192 1. His most recent volume of poetry is The Roatner and Other Poems, 1920. Studies and Reviews Bacon, E. M. Literary Pilgrim- Critic, 43 ('03): 321 (portrait), ages, 1902. 327. Halsey. Cur. Lit. 33 ('02): 513; 42 ('07): Ledoux, L. V. The Poetry of 289 (portrait). George Edward Woodberry. Manchester Guardian Wkly., Jan. 1917. 20, 1922: S3- Rittenhouse. Outlook, 64 ('00): 875. Poetry, 3 ('13): 69; 11 ('17): 103. Bookm. 17 ('03): 336 (portrait); Weekly Review, 4 ('21): 273. 47 ('18): 549- 16S CLASSIFIED INDEXES (Since the authors appear in the body of the book in alphabetical order, page references have been omitted in these indexes.) I. POETS Adams, Franklin P. Aiken, Conrad Akins, Zoe Aldington, Mrs. Richard("H.D.") Anderson, Sherwood Arensberg, Walter Conrad Bangs, John Eendrick Benet, Stephen Vincent Benet, William Rose Bodenheim, Maxwell Brody, Alter Brown, Alice Burroughs, John Burton, Richard Bynner, Witter Cabell, James Branch Carman, Bliss Clark, Badger Cleghom, Sarah Norcliffe Conkling, Grace Hazard Conkling, Hilda Corbin, Alice Crapsey, Adelaide Cromwell, Gladys Daly, T. A. Dargan, Olive Tilford Davies, Mary Carolj^n Deutsdi, Babette Eastman, Max Eliot, T. S. Erskine, John Faulks, Theodosia (Garrison) Ficke, Arthur Davison ("Anne Knish") Fletcher, John Gould Frost, Robert Fuller, Henry B. Gale, Zona Garland, Hamlin Gifford, Fannie Steams Davis Giovannitti, Arturo Guiterman, Arthur Hagedom, Hermann, Jr. Howells, William Dean Johns, Orrick Johnson, Robert Underwood Kilmer, Aline Kilmer, Joyce Knibbs, H. H. Kreymborg, Alfred Lindsay, Vachel Lowell, Amy Mackaye, Percy Markham, Edwin Marquis, Don Martin, Edward Sandford Masters, Edgar Lee Mifflin, Lloyd Millay, Edna St. Vincent Monroe, Harriet Moore, Marianne Morley, Christopher Neihardt, John G. Norton, Grace Fallow Oppenheim, James Peabody, Josephine Preston Piper, Edwin Ford Found, Ezra 167 Reese, Lizette Woodward Rice, Cale Young Ridge, Lola Riley, James Whitcomb Roberts, Charles George Douglas Robinson, Edwin Arlington Robinson, Edwin Meade Sandburg, Carl Santayana, George Sarett, Lew R. ^collard, Clinton Scott, Evelyn Seeger, Alan Sterling, George Stevens, Wallace Stringer, Arthur taylor, Bert Leston ("B. L. T.") Teasdale, Sara Tietjens, Eunice Torrence, Ridgely Traubel, Horace Untermeyer, Jean Starr Untermeyer, Louis Van Dyke, Henry Wattles, Willard Welles, Winifred Wheelock, John Hall Widdemer, Margaret Wilkinson, Marguerite Williams, William Carlos Wood, C. E. S. Woodberry, George Edward i68 SUPPLEMENTARY LIST OF POETS (Not included in this volume, but included in Untermeyer's Modern American Poetry, Monroe and Henderson's The New Poetry, or Others for T916, 1917, 1919.) Aldis, Mary. Monroe. Others, 1916. Barrett, Wilton Agnew. Monroe. Beach, Joseph Warren. Monroe. Branch, Anna Hempstead. Unter- meyer. Britten, Rollo. Monroe. Brown, Robert Carleton. Others, 1916 Burr, Amelia Josephine. Unter- meyer. Cannell, Skipwith. Monroe. Others, 1916, 191 7. Camevale, Emanuele. Others, 1919. Ciuiian, Edwin. Untermeyer. Dodd, Lee Wilson. Monroe. D'Orge, Jeanne. Others, 1917, 1919. Diiscoll, Louise. Monroe. Dudley, Dorothy. Monroe. Dudley, Helen. Monroe. Evans, Donald. Others, 1919. Frank, Florence Kiper. Monroe. Gihnan, Charlotte P. S. Unter- meyer. Glaenzer, Richard Butler. Mon- roe. Gorman, Herbert S. Untermeyer. Gould, Wallace. Others, 1919. Gregg, Frances. Others, 1916. Groff, Alice. Others, 1916. Gulney, Louise Imogen. Unter- meyer. Hartley, Marsden. Others, 1916. Hartpence, Alanson. Others, 1916. Helton, Roy. Untermeyer. Herford, Oliver. Untermeyer. Holley, Horace. Monroe. Others, 1916. Hoyt, Helen. Monroe. Others, 1916, 1917. Iris, Scharmel. Monroe. Jennings, Leslie Nelson. Unter- meyer. Johnson, Fenton. Others, 1919. Kemp, Harry. Untermeyer. Laird, William. Monroe. Lee, Agnes. Monroe. Leonard, William Ellery. Mon- roe. Untermeyer. Long, Lily A. Others, 1919. Loy, Mina. Others, 1916, 1917, 1919. McCarthy, John Russell. Others, 1916. McClure, John. Others, 1916. Michelson, Max. Monroe. Others, 1919- Morton, David. Untermeyer. Noguchi, Yone. Monroe. O'Brien, Edward J. Others, 1916. O'Neil, David. Others, 1917. O'Sheel, Shaemas. Untermeyer. Ramos, Edward. Others, 1916. Ray, Man. Others, 1916. Reed, John. Monroe. Reyher, Ferdinand. Others, 1916. Rodker, John. Others, 1916, 1917. Sainsbury, Hester. Others, 1916. Sanborn, Pitts. Others, 1916. Sanborn, Robert Alden. Others, 1916, 1917, 1919. 169 Saphier, William. Others, 1919. Thomas, Edith Matilda. Unter- Seiffert, Marjorie Allen. Others, meyer. 1919. Towne, Charles Hanson. Monroe. Shanafelt, Clara. Monroe. Upward, AUen. Monroe. Shaw, Frances. Monroe. White, Harvey. Monroe. Sherman, Frank Dempster. Un- Wilkinson, Florence. Monroe. termeyer. Wolff, Adolph. Others. 1916. Skinner, Constance Lindsay. Wyatt, Edith. Monroe. Monroe. Zorach, Marguerite. Others, igi6. Syrian, Ajan. Monroe. Zorach, William. Others, 1916. 170 II. DRAMATISTS Ade, George Akins, Zoe Austin, Maiy Hunter Belasco, David Broadhurst, George H. Brown, Alice B)mner, Witter Churchill, Winston Cobb, Irvin S. Cook, George Cram Crothers, Rachel Dargan,. Olive Tilford Dell, Floyd Dreiser, Theodore Ferber, Edna Freeman, Mary E. Wilkins Fuller, Henry B. Gale, Zona Glaspell, Susan Glass, Montague Goodman, Kenneth Sawyer Hamilton, Clayton Hecht, Ben Hergesheimer, .Joseph Howells, William Dean James, Henry Kennedy Charles Rann Kreymborg, Alfred Lovett, Robert Morss Mackaye, Percy Marks, Jeannette Middleton, George Millay, Edna St. Vincent Moeller, Philip Morley, Christopher O'Neill, Eugene Peabody, Josephine Preston Pinski, David Rice, Cale Young Robinson, Edwin Arlington Sheldon, Edward Brewster Tarkington, Booth Thomas, Augustus Torrence, Ridgely Walker, Stuart Walter, Eugene Wellman, Rita Wilde, Percival Wilson, Harry Leon 171 III. NOVELISTS Adams, Henry Aikman, H. G. Allen, James Lane Anderson, Sherwood Andrews, Mary Raymond Ship- man Atherton, Gertrude Franklin Austin, Mary Hunter Bacheller, Irving Bacon, Josephine Dodge Daskam Beach, Rex Ellingwood Benfet, Stephen Vincent Bjorkman, Edwin Brooks, C. S. Brown, Alice Bullard, Arthur ("Albert Ed- wards") Burnett, Frances Hodgson Cabell, James Branch Cable, George W. Cahan, Abraham Gather, Willa Sibert Chester, George Randolph Churchill, Winston Cleghom, Sarah Comfort, Will Levington Coumos, John Curwood, James Oliver Deland, Margaretta Wade Dell, Floyd Dos Passos, John Dreiser, Theodore "Edwards, Albert." See Bullard, Arthur Ferber, Edna Fisher, Dorothy Canfield Fitzgerald, F. Scott Fox, John, Jr. Frank, Waldo David Freeman, Mary E. Wilkins French, Alice ("Octave Thanet") Fuller, Henry B. Gale, Zona Garland, Hamlin Gerould, Katherine Fullerton Glasgow, Ellen Glaspell,. Susan Grant, Robert Grey, Zane Hagedom, Hermann Hardy, Arthur Sherburne Harris, Frank Harrison, Henry Sydnor Hecht, Ben Hergesheimer, Joseph Herrick, Robert Howells, William Dean Irwin, Wallace James, Henry Johnson, Owen Johnston, Mary King, Grace Kyne, Peter B. Lee, Jennette Lefevre, Edwin Lewis, Sinclair Lincoln, Joseph C. London, Jack Lovett, Robert Morss McCutcheon, George Barr Marks, Jeannette Martin, George Madden Martin, Helen Reimensnyder Masters, Edgar Lee Nathan, Robert Nicholson, Meredith Norris, Charles G. Norris, Kathleen Oppenheim; James O'SuUivan, Vincent Page, Thomas Nelson Perry, Bliss Poole, Ernest Quick, Herbert Rice, Alice Hegan 172 Roberts, Charles G. D. Tobenkin, Elias Scott, Evelyn Watts, Mary S. Sedgwick, Anne Douglas Webster, Henry Kitchell Sinclair, Upton Wharton, Edith Singmaster, Elsie White, Stewart Edward Steele, Wilbur Daniel Whitlock, Brand Stringer, Arthur Widdemer, Margaret Strunsky, Simeon Wiggin, Kate Douglas Tarkington, Booth Williams, Ben Ames "Thanet, Octave." See French, Williams, Jesse Lynch Alice Wilson, Harry Leon Tietjens, Eunice Wister, Owen 173 IV. SHORT-STORY WRITERS Ade, George Allen, James Lane Anderson, Sherwood Andrews, Mary Raymond Ship- man Austin, Mary Hunter Bacon, Josephine Dodge Daskam Bangs, John Kendrick Bercovici, Konrad Brown, Alice Cabell, James Branch Cable, George W. Gather, Willa Sibert Chester, George Randolph Cobb, Irvin S. Cohen, Octavus Roy Connolly, James Brendan Deland, Margaretta Wade Dreiser, Theodore Ferber, Edna Fisher, Dorothy Canfield Fitzgerald, F. Scott Ford, Sewell Fox, John Freeman, Mary E. WUkins French, Alice ("Octave Thanet") Fuller, Henry B. Gale, Zona Garland, Hamlin Gerould, Katharine Fullerton Glaspell, Susan Glass, Montague Hergesheimer, Joseph Howells, William Dean Hurst, Fannie Irwin, Wallace James, Henry Johnson, Owen King, Grace Kyne, Peter B. Lee, Jennette Lefevre, Edwin London, Jack Martin, George Madden Martin, Helen Reimensnyder Matthews, Brander Oppenheim, James O'SuUivan, Vincent Page, Thomas Nelson Perry, Bliss Pinski, David Rice, Alice Hegan Singmaster, Elsie Steele, Wilbur Daniel "Thanet, Octave." See French, Alice Van Dyke, Henry Webster, Henry Kitchell Wharton, Edith White, Stewart Edward Widdemer, Margaret Wiggin, Kate Douglas Williams, Jesse Lynch Wister, Owen 174 V. ESSAYISTS Adams, Henry Beebe, William Bradford, Gamaliel Brooks, Charles S. Broun, Heywood Burroughs, John Crothers, Samuel McChord Eastman, Max Erskine, John Harris, Frank Holliday, Robert Cortes Kilmer, Joyce Martin, Edward Sandford Matthews, Brander More, Paul Elmer Morley, Christopher Newton, Alfred Edward Nicholson, Meredith Pound, Ezra Repplier, Agnes Smith, Logan Pearsall Strunsky, Simeon Tarbell, Ida Van Dyke, Henry VI. CRITICS Aiken, Conrad Bjorkman, Edwin Brooks, Van Wyck Burton, Richard Eastman, Max Eaton, Walter Prichard Eliot, T. S. Hackett, Francis Hamilton, Clayton Holliday, Robert Cortes Howells, William Dean Huneker, James Gibbons Lewisohn, Ludwig Littell, PhiUp Lovett, Robert Morss Lowell, Amy Matthews, Brander Mencken, H. L. More, Paul Elmer Nathan, George Jean Perry, Bliss Phelps, William Lyon Poimd, Ezra Santayana, George Sherman, Stuart P. Untermeyer, Louis Van Doren, Carl Woodberry, George Edward VII. WRITERS ON COUNTRY LIFE, NATURE, AND TRAVEL Baker, Ray Stannard ("David Grayson") Beebe, William Burroughs, John Eaton, Walter Prichard "Grayson, David." See Baker, Ray Stannard Mills, Enos A. O'Brien, Frederick Roberts, Charles G. D. Seton, Ernest Thompson Sharp, Dallas Lore 1 75 VIII. HUMORISTS Adams, Fianklin P. Ade, George Bangs, John Kendrick Burgess, Gelett Cobb, Irvin S. Dunne, Finley Peter Leacock, Stephen Marquis, Don Martin, Edward Sandford Robinson, Edwin Meade Taylor, Bert Leston ("B. L. T.") IX. "COLUMNISTS" Adams, Franklin P. Broun, Heywood Daly, Thomas Augustine Marquis, Don Morley, Christopher Robinson, Edwin Meade Taylor, Bert Leston ("B. L. T.") X. WRITERS OF BIOGRAPHY, AUTOBIOGRAPHY, HISTORY Adams, Henry Antin, Mary Burnett, Frances Hodgson (The One I Knew the Best of All) Burroughs, John Comfort, Will Levington (Mid- stream) Du Bois, William E. B. Eastman, Charles Alexander Garland, Hamlin (A Son of the Middle Border; a Daughter of the Middle Border) Harris, Frank HoweUs, William Dean Hxmeker, James G. (Steeplejack) James, Henry Lindsay, Vachel (Prose) London, Jack (Martin Eden, John Barleycorn) Sinclair, Upton (Arthur SterUng) Tarbell, Ida Traubel, Horace Van Loon, Hendrik WiUem (The Story of Mankind) Whitlock,, Brand 176 XI. AUTHORS GROUPED ACCORDING TO PLACE OF BIRTH (In some cases information as to birthplace could not be obtained.) Arkansas Fletcher, John Gould California Atherton, Gertrude Belasco, David Frost, Robert Kyne, Peter B. London, Jack Norris, Charles G. Norris, Kathleen Connecticut Bacon, Josephine Dodge Daskam Burton, Richard Lee, Jennette Phelps, William Lyon Welles, Winifred District of CoLtrMBiA (Wash- ington) Johnson, Robert Underwood Wellman, Rita Georgia Aiken, Conrad Idaho Pound, Ezra Illinois Austin, Maiy Corbin, Alice (Chicago) Crothers, Rachel Crothers, Samuel McChord DeU, Floyd Duime,|Finley Peter (Chicago) Illinois — Cont'd Fuller, Henry Blake (Chicago) Lindsay, Vachel Marquis, Don Monroe, Harriet (Chicago) Neihardt, John G. Poole, Ernest (Chicago) Sandburg, Carl Sarett, Lew A. (Chicago) Sheldon, Edward Brewster Tietjens, Eunice (Chicago) Van Doren, Carl Webster, Henry Kitchell (Chi- cago) Williams,. Jesse Lynch Wilson, Harry Leon Indiana Ade, George Dreiser, Theodore Holliday, Robert Cortes (In- dianapolis ) McCutcheon, George Barr Nathan, George Jean Nicholson, Meredith Riley, James Whitcomb Robinson, Edwin Meade Tarkington, Booth (Indianap- olis) Iowa Clark,, Badger Cook, George Cram Ficke, Arthur Davison Glaspell, Susan Sherman, Stuart Pratt 177 Kansas Fisher, Dorothy Canfield Masters, Edgar Lee Mills, Enos A. Wattles, Willard Kentucky Allen, James Lane Cobb, Irvin S. Dargan,, Olive Tilford Fox, John Martin, George Madden Rice, Alice Hegan Rice, Cale Young Walker, Stuart Louisiana Cable, George Washington King, Grace Elizabeth Matthews, Brander Maine Millay, Edna St. Vincent Robinson, Edwin Arlington Maryland Mencken, H. L. (Baltimore) Sinclair, Upton (Baltimore) Massachusetts Adams, Henry (Boston) Bradford, Gamaliel (Boston) Burgess, Gelett Child, Richard Washburn Connolly, James Brendan Du Bois, William E. B. Eaton, Walter Prichard Freeman, Mary E. Wilkins French, Alice ("Octave Thanet") Gerould, Katherine Fullerton Grant, Robert (Boston) Hardy, Arthur Sherborne Henick, Robert (Cambridge) Lincoln, Joseph C. Littell, Philip Lovett, Robert Morss (Boston) Lowell, Amy (Brookline) Massachusetts — Coni'd Perry, Bliss Taylor, Bert Leston Woodberry, George Edward Michigan Baker, Ray Stannard ("David Grayson") Beach, Rex Comfort, Will Levington Curwood, James Oliver Ferber, Edna White, Stewart Edward Minnesota EEistman, Charles Alexander (Ohiyesa) Lewis, Sinclair Norton, Grace Fallow Oppenheim, James (St. Paul) Mississippi Bodenheim, Maxwell Missouri (St. Louis) Akins, Zoe Bullard, Arthur ("Albert Ed- wards") Churchill, Winston Eliot, T. S. Hurst, Fannie Johns, Orrick More, Paul Elmer Teasdale, Sara Thomas, Augustus Nebraska Piper, Edwin Ford New Hampshire Brown, Alice New Jersey Brooks, Van Wyck Faulks, Theodosia Kilmer, Joyce Middleton, George Sejlgwick, Anne Douglas 178 New Jersey — Cont'd Sharp, Dallas Lore Traubel, Hoiace New York Bacheller, Irving Bangs, John Kendrick Beebe, WilUam (Brookl)m) Benet, William Rose Broun, Heywood (Brooklyn) Burroughs, John Bynner, Witter (Brooklyn) Conkling, Grace Hazard (City) Conkling, Hilda Crapsey, Adelaide Cromwell, Gladys (City) Deutsch, Babette (City) Eastman, Max Erskine, John (City) Hagedom, Hermann, Jr. (City) Hamilton, Clayton (Brooklyn) Hecht, Ben (City) Irwin, Wallace James, Henry (City) Johnson, Owen (City) Knibbs, H. H. Kreymborg, Alfred (City) Mackaye, Percy (City) Martin, Edward Sandford O'Neill, Eugene (City) Peabody, Josephine Preston (City) Scollard, Clinton Seeger, Alan Sterling, George Untermeyer, Louis (City) Wharton, Edith (City) Wheelock, John HaU Wilde, Percival (City) North Carolina Steele, Wilbur Daniel Ohio Anderson, Sherwood Chester, George Randolph Ohio — Cont'd Gifford, Fannie Stearns Davis (Cleveland) Grey, Zane Howells, William Dean Torrence, Ridgely Untermeyer, Jean Starr Walter, Eugene (Cleveland) Watts, Mary S. Whitlock, Brand Oregon Markham, Edwin Pennsylvania Aldington, Hilda Doolittle ("H. D.") Benet, Stephen Vincent Daly, T. A. (Philadelphia) Deland, Margaretta Wade Hergesheimer, Joseph (Phila- delphia) Huneker, James Gibbons (Phil- adelphia) Martin, Helen Reimensnyder Mifflin, Lloyd Morley, Christopher Newton, Alfred Edward (Phil- adelphia) Repplier, Agnes (Philadelphia) Singmaster, Elsie Tarbell, Ida Van Dyke, Henry Widdemer, Margaret Wiggin, Kate Douglas (Phila- delphia) Wister, Owen (Philadelphia) Wood, C. E. S. South Carolina Cohen, Octavus Roy Tennessee Harrison, Henry Sydnor Marks, Jeanette Virginia Cabell, James Branch (Rich- mond) 179 Virginia — Cont'd Gather, WiUa Sibert Cleghom, Sarah Glasgow, Ellen (Richmond) Johnston, Mary Page, Thomas Nelson Washington Davies, Mary Carolyn Wisconsin Gale, Zona Garland, Hamlin XI. AUTHORS OF FOREIGN AND CANADIAN BIRTH Antin, Mary (Russia) Bjorkman, Edwin (Sweden) Brody, Alter (Russia) Burnett, Frances Hodgson (Eng- land) Cahan, Abraham (Lithuania?) Carman, Bliss (Canada) Giovannitti, Arturo (Italy) Glass, Montague, (England) Hackett, Francis (Ireland) Harris, Frank (Ireland) Kennedy, Charles Rann (England) Leacock, Stephen (Canada) Lewisohn, Ludwig (Germany) Pinski, David (Russia) Ridge, Lola (Ireland) Roberts, Charles G. D. (Canada) Santayana, George (Spain) Seton, Ernest Thompson (Eng- land) Stringer, Arthur (Canada) Strunsky, Simeon (Russia) Tobenkin, Elias (Russia) Van Loon, Hendrik Willem (Hol- land) Wilkinson, Marguerite (Canada) i8o XII. SUBJECT INDEX (INCLUDING BACKGROUND) (This list is not complete but merely suggestive. Titles are given only in cases wheie the books might not be readily identified. Some special information is also given in parenthesis.) Africa White, Stewart Edward Alaska Beach, Rex London, Jack Animals. See Nature. Arizona White, Stewart Edward Art and Artists Ficke, Arthur Davison (Japa- nese) Howells, W. D. (The Coast of Bohemia) James, Henry Norris, Charles G. (The Ama- teur) Boston Grant, Robert Howells, WiUiam Dean Business and Professions Aikman, H. G. Cahan, Abraham (The Rise of David Levinsky) Chester, George Randolph Dreiser, Theodore (The Finan- cier, The Titan) Ferber, Edna Herrick, Robert Howells, William Dean (The Rise of Silas Lapham, The Quality of Mercy) Business and Professions — Cont. Hurst, Fannie Kyne, Peter B. Lefevre, Edwin Tarkmgton, Booth (The Tur- moil) California Atherton, Gertrude Austin, Mary Irwin, Wallace Qapanese) Lindsay, Vachel Markham, Edwin Sterling, George White, Steward Edward Canada Curwood, James Oliver Roberts, Charles G. D. Stringer, Arthur Capital and Labor Anderson, Sherwood (Marching Men) Atherton, Gertrude (Perch of the Devil) French, Alice (The Man of the Hour, The Lion's Share) Sinclair, Upton (The Jungle, Jimmy Higgins, King Coal) Tobenkin, Elias (The House of Conrad) Webster, H. K. (An American Family) Wharton, Edith (The Fruit of the Tree) i8i Chicago DeU, Floyd (The Briaiy Bush) Dreiser, Theodore Ferber, Edna (The Girls) Fuller, Henry B. (The Clifif Dwellers, With the Proces- sion) Harris, Frank (The Bomb) Herrick, Robert Sandburg, Carl Webster, Henry Kitchell Children Bacon, Josephine Dodge Das- kam Bjorkman, Edwin (The Soul of a child) Burnett, Frances Hodgson Comfort, Will Levington (Child and Country) Conkling, Hilda James, Henry (What Maisie Knew) Martin, George Madden Masters, Edgar Lee (Mitch Miner) Robinson, Edwin Meade (Enter Jerry) Tarkington, Booth (Penrod) Classical World Aldington, Mrs. Richard ("H. D.") Pound, Ezra College and University Life Bacon, Josephine Dodge Das- kam Fisher, Dorothy Canfield (The Bent Twig) Fitzgerald, F. Scott Johnson, Owen Williams, Jesse Lynch Colorado Gather, Willa Sibert (Song of the Lark) Sinclair, Upton (King Coal) Country Llfb Bachellor, Irving (Eben Holden) Baker, Ray Stannard Howells, William Dean (The Vacation of the Kelwyns) Cowboys Clark, Badger Knibbs, H. H. White, Stewart Edward Wister, Owen Creoles Cable, George W. King, Grace Democracy Bynner, Witter Lindsay, Vachel Sandburg, Carl Desert Grey, Zane Wood, C. E. S. Education Comfort, Will Levington (Child and Country) Dell, Floyd (Were You Ever a Child?) Norris, Charles G. (Salt) England Burnett, Frances Hodgson James, Henry Wiggin, Kate Douglas France Hardy, Arthur Sherborne James, Henry (The American, The Ambassadors) Tarkington, Booth (The Guest of Quesnay) Wharton, Edith Genius Austin, Mary (A Woman of Genius) i8a Genius — Cont'd Drieser, Theodore (The Genius) James, Henry (The Death of the Lion, The Coxon Fund) Sedgwick, Anne Douglas (Tante) GVPSIES Bercovid, Konrad Hawah London, Jack Historical Andrews, Mary Raymond Ship- man (The Perfect Tribute, The Counsel Assigned — Lincoln; The Marshal — Na- poleonic period.) Atherton, Gertrude (The Con- queror — ^Hamilton) Brooks, C. S. (Luca Sarto — iSth century France) Bacheller, Irving (A Man for the Ages — Lincoln) Cable, George W. (Old Louisi- ana, especially New Orleans) Churchill, Winston (Richard Carvel — ^iSth century; The Crisis — Civil War; The Cross- ing — early igth century) Glasgow, Ellen (CivU War and Reconstruction periods) Hardy, Arthur Sherborne (Passe Rose — time of Charle- magne) Harris, Frank (Great Days — time of Napoleon) Hergesheimer, Joseph (The Three Black Pennys, Java Head — early American) Johnston, Mary (Colonies — Virginia) Mackaye, Percy (Various pe- riods) Rice, Cale Young (Various periods) Historical— Co««'rf Tarkington, Booth (Monsieur Beaucaire — i8th century Eng- land; Cherry — i8th century America) Watts, Mary S. (Nathan Burke — early Ohio) Wharton, Edith (The Valley of Decision — i8th century Italy) Illinois Lindsay, Vachel Masters, Edgar Lee Imaginary Country Cabell, James Branch (Poic- tesme) Howells, William Dean (Al- truria) McCutcheon, George Barr (Graustark) Immigrants Antin, Mary (Russian) Cahan, Abraham (Lithuanian) Gather, Willa Sibert (Bohemian) Cournos, John Daly, T. A. (Irish, Italian) Mackaye, Percy (The Immi- grants) Tobenkin, Elias (Russian) Indiana Ade, George Nicholson, Meredith Riley, James Whitcomb Tarkington, Booth Indians Austin, Mary Eastman, Charles A. Garland, Hamlin (The Captain of the Gray Horse Troop.) Neihardt, John G. Sarett, Lew R. Wister, Owen (Red Men and White) Wood, C. E. S. 183 International Scenes Atherton, Gertrude (The Aris- tocrats, American Wives and English Husbands) Burnett, Frances Hodgson Howells, William Dean James, Henry Wharton, Edith Iowa Garland, Hamlin Quick, Herbert ISISH Daly, T. A. Dunne, Finley Peter Italy and Italians Daly, T. A. Fuller, Henry B. Howells, William Dean (A Fore- gone Conclusion) James, Henry (Roderick Hud- son, Daisy Miller, The Por- trait of a Lady, The Wings of a Dove, The Aspern Papers, etc.) Wharton, Edith (The Valley of Decision) Japanese Irwin, Wallace (in California) Jews Brody, Alter Cahan, Abraham Glass, Montague Pinski, David Ridge, Lola Journalism Coumos, John (The Wall) Howells, William Dean (A Haz- ard of New Fortunes, The World of Chance) Kentucky Allen, James Lane Cobb, Irvin S. Kentucky — Cont'd Fox, John Martin, George Madden Rice, Alice Hegan Marriage Aikman, H. G. (Zell) Churchill, Winston (A Modem Chronicle) Deland, Margaretta Wade Dell, Floyd (The Briary Bush) Fisher, Dorothy Canfield (The Brimming Cup) Herrick, Robert (Together) Norris, Charles G. (Brass) Poole, Ernest (His Second Wife) Webster, Henry Kitchell (Thor- oughbred) Widdemer, Margaret (I've Mar- ried Marjorie) Williams, Jesse Lynch (And So They Were Married) Middle West Anderson, Sherwood Gather, Willa Sibert French, AUce ("Octave Thanet") Gale, Zona Garland, Hamlin Lewis, Sinclair Lindsay, Vachel Masters, Edgar Lee Neihardt, John G. Piper, Edwin Ford Quick, Herbert Sandburg, Carl Montana Atherton, Gertrude (Perch of the Devil— Butte) Nature Beebe, William Burroughs, John Eaton, Walter Prichard London, Jack Mills, Enos A. Roberts, Charles G. D. 184 Natueb — Cont'd Seton, Emest Thompson Sharp, Dallas Lore White, Stewart Edward Nebraska Gather, Willa Sibert Kper, Edwin Ford Negkoes Burnett, Frances Hodgson Cable, George W. Cohen, Octaviis Roy (contem- porary, city) Du Bois, William B. Howells, William Dean (An Imperative Duty) King, Grace Lindsay, Vachel (The Congo) O'Neill, Eugene (The Emperor Jones) Page, Thomas Nelson Sheldon, Edward (The Nigger) Torrence, Ridgely (Plays for a Negro Theatre) New England Brown, Alice Connolly, James Brendan (Gloucester fishermen) Freeman, Mary Wilkins Frost, Robert Hergesheimer, Joseph (Java Head) Howells, William Dean Lee, Jennette Lincoln, Joseph (Cape Cod) Nathan, Robert O'Neill, Eugene (Beyond the Horizon) Robinson, Edwin Arlington Wharton, Edith (Ethan Frome, Summer) Wiggin, Kate Douglas New Mexico Corbin, Alice New Orleans Cable, George W. King, Grace New York Bercovici, Konrad (The Dust of New York) Ford, Sewell Glass, Montague (Jewish) Guiterman, Arthur (Old New York) Howells, William Dean (A Hazard of New Fortunes, The World of Chance) Hurst, Fannie Jalnes, Henry (Washington Square) Poole, Ernest (The Harbor) Strunsky, Simeon Wharton, Edith (The Age of Linocence) Nonsense Bangs, John Kendrick Burgess, Gelett Leacock, Stephen Marquis, Don Ohio Anderson, Sherwood Howells, William Dean (The Leatherwood God, The New Leaf MiUs) Watts, Mary S. Orient Ben6t, WiUiam Rose (The Great White Wall) Comfort, Will Levington Guiterman, Arthur (Chips of Jade) Lindsay, Vachel (The Chinese Nightingale) Lowell, Amy (Fir-Flower Tab- lets) Pound, Ezra Tietjens, Emiice iSs Paris Hardy, Arthur Sherborne Wharton, Edith (Madame de Treymes) Pennsylvania Deland, Margaretta (Alleghany) Hergesheimer, Joseph Martin, Helen R. (Dutch) Singmaster, Elsie (Dutch) Philosophy (popular) Baker, Ray Stannard ("David Grayson") Brooks, Charles S. Crothers, Samuel McChord Fisher, Dorothy Canfield, and Cleghom, Sarah (Fellow-Cap- tains) Morley, Christopher Van Dyke, Henry Pioneers Gather, WUla Sibert (O Pioneers, My Antonia) Neihardt, John G. Politics Atherton, Gertrude (Senator North) Churchill, Winston (Coniston, Mr. Crewe's Career) Tarkmgton, Booth (The Gentle- man from Indiana) Whitlock, Brand Williams, Ben Ames (The Great Accident) Prairie Life Garland, Hamlin Piper, Edwin Ford Stringer, Arthur Primitive Life London, Jack White, Stewart Edward Psycho-analysis Aiken, Conrad Aikman, H. G. (Zell) Anderson, Sherwood (The Tri- umph of the Egg) Bjorkman, Edwin (The Soul of a Chad) Dell, Floyd (Moon-Calf) Religion Churchill, Winston (The Inside of the Cup) Deland, Margaretta (John Ward, Preacher) Kennedy, Charles Rann (The Servant in the House, The Army with Banners) Van Dyke, Henry Wattles, Willard San Francisco Atherton, Gertrude Sea and Sailors Connolly, James B. (Gloucester fishermen) Lincoln, Joseph C. (Cape Cod) O'Neill, Eugene Williams, Ben Ames Social Service and Settlement Work Bercovici, Konrad Harrison, Henry Sydnor (V. V.'s Eyes) Rice, Alice Hegan Wiggin, Kate Douglas Socialism Eastman, Max Giovannitti, Arturo Howells, William Dean (A Hazard of New Fortunes, Annie Kilburn, The Eye of the Needle, A Traveler from Altruria) Kennedy, Charles Rann Markham, Edwin i86 Socialism — Cont'd Oppenheim, James Poole, Ernest Sinclair, Upton Traubel, Horace Whitlock, Brand (The Turn of the Balance) Society Adams, Henry (Democracy, Esther) Atherton, Gertrude Grant, Robert James, Henry Wharton, Edith South Amekica Scott, Evelyn (Brazil) South Seas O'Brien, Frederick London, Jack Spiritualism, Supernatural Belasco, David (The Return of Peter Grimm) Brown, Alice (The Wind be- tween the Worlds) Freeman, Mary Wilkins (The Wind in the Rosebush) Garland, Hamlin (The Tyranny of the Dark, The Shadow World, Victor OUnee's Dis- cipline) Stage Gather, Willa Sibert (Song of the Lark) Hurst, Fannie Sheldon, Edward B. (Romance) Watts, Mary S. (The Board- man Family) Webster, Henry Kitchell (The Real Adventure, The Painted Scene) Vermont Fisher, Dorothy Canfield (The Brimming Cup, Hillsboro People) Nathan, Robert (Autumn) Village and Provincial Town Life Anderson, Sherwood (Wines- burg, Ohio) Brown, Alice (New England) Deland, Margaretta (Pennsyl- vania) Freeman, Mary Wilkins (New England) Gale, Zona (Wisconsin) Lewis, Sinclair (Main Street — Minnesota) Lindsay, Vachel (The Golden Book of Springfield) Masters, Edgar Lee (Illinois) Williams, Ben Ames (The Great Accident) Virginia Cabell, James Branch Glasgow, Ellen Johnston, Mary Page, Thomas Nelson Wales Marks, Jeannette War Andrews, Mary Raymond Ship- man Atherton, Gertrude (The White Morning) Broun, Heywood Comfort, Will Levington (Red Fleece) Deland, Margaretta Wade (SmaU Things) Dos Passos, John Fisher, Dorothy Canfield Kilmer, Joyce Poole, Ernest (Blind) Seeger, Alan 187 V^AS.— Cont'd Wharton, Edith Whitlock, Brand Wilde, Perdval (The Unseen Host) Washington, D. C. Atherton, Gertrude (Senator North) Burnett, Frances Hodgson (Through One Administra- tion) Wisconsin Gale, Zona Garland, Hamlin Women (Psychology of) Churchill, Winston (A Modem Chronicle) Cleghom, Sarah Deland, Margaretta (The Awak- ening of Helena Richie, The Rising Tide) Dreiser, Theodore (Sister Car- lie, Jennie Gerhardt) Ferber, Edna (The Girls) Fisher, Dorothy Canfield Hergesheimer, Joseph (Linda Condon) Johnson, Owen (The Sala- mander, Virtuous Wives) Women (Psychology op) — CotU. Norris, Kathleen Tarkington, Booth (Alice Adams,. Gen tie Julia) Watts, Mary S. (The Rise of Jennie Cushing) Youth (Psychology of) Aikman, H. G. (Zell) Allen, James Lane (A Summer in Arcady, The Kentucky Warbler) Anderson, Sherwood Bjbrkman, Edwin (The Soul of a Child) Davies, Mary Carol}^! DeU, Floyd Fitzgerald, F. Scott Hecht, Ben James, Henry (The Awkward Age) Nathan, Robert (Peter Kin- dred) Norris, Charles G. (Salt) Tarkington, Booth (Seventeen, Clarence) Widdemer, Margaret (The Boardwalk) Williams, Ben Ames (The Great Accident) 188