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Cornell University Library PR2359.A1 1579a The shepheardes calendar the original ed 3 1924 013 125 392 o..,-.. .8^^ Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924013125392 THE SHEPHEARDES CALENDER PUBLISHER'S NOTE. Five hundred and twenty copies only printed for England and America combined. Each copy numbered. No.X.W^J. f The Shepheardes Calender By Edmund Spenser ti THE ORIGINAL EDITION OF 1579 IN PHOTOGRAPHIC FACSIMILE WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY H. OSKAR SOMMER, Ph.D. LONDON JOHN C. NIMMO U, KING WILLIAM STREET, STRAND MDCCCXC BAU-ANTVNE, HANSON AND CO. EDINBURGH AND LONDON THE Shbpheardes Calender. BY EDMUND SPENSER. MANCHESTER : THE SPENSER SOCIETY. 1889. s ^ Professor A. W. WARD, Litt.D., LL.D. Wttt-^XtSJiltnt. The Rt. Hon. LORD COLERIDGE. ®0untU. Rev. W. E. BUCKLEY, M.A., Middleton Cheney. THOMAS SCHOFIELD, Esq. JOSEPH THOMPSON, Esq., Treasurer. A. H. BULLEN, Esq. CHAS. W, SUTTON, Esq., //o». Sec. NOTE. TTTHIS reprodu6lion of the "Shepheardes Calender" is issued by the Council of the Spenser Society by arrange- ment with Mr. J. C. Nimmo, who has recently published a limited number of copies of the work. The volume is an ejvira and special issue, which it is hoped will be acceptable to the Members. TO MY KIND FRIEND THE RIGHT HON. LORD CHARLES BRUCE THIS LITTLE VOLUME IS DEDICATED AS A TOKEN OP HIGH RESPECT AND GRATITUDE PREFACE. QPENSER'S "Shepheardes Calender" was in its day a book •^ of great interest, not only because it made the world acquainted with " the new poet," but also because it contained allusions to personages of distinction well known, and to circum- stances familiar to everybody. From 1579—97, in a space of eighteen years, it passed through five different editions. In our days the little book is still interesting, but for other reasons. Firstly, as the earliest work of importance by the writer of " The Faerie Clueene." Secondly, because, as Dean Church in his "Life of Spenser" appropriately observes, it marks a " turning-point " in the history of English literature ; twenty years had passed since the publication of Tottel's Miscellany, and the appearance of the " Shepheardes Calender " gave a new impulse to English Poetry. Thirdly, from the mysterious circumstances connected with its publication. It is well known that the attempts to identify " E. K.," the so-called friend of Spenser, whose commentary appeared with the Calender, have given rise to many suppositions and disputes. Some have said " E. K." means E. King ; others have asserted " E. K." means Edward Kirke or Kerke, and this for no other reason than that there was a man of such name living in Cam- bridge in Spenser's time. Very few only, and among them 8 PREFACE. G. L. Craik, ventured, even at the risk of being laughed at, to speak of the possibility that "E, K." and E. Spenser might be identical. In 1888, after the subject had been dropped for many years. Dr. Uhlemann, a German scholar^ took it up again, and proved, as far as this is possible, that Spenser wrote himself the com- mentary, generally attributed to one of his friends. In bringing out the present edition, it was chiefly my aim to make English students acquainted with this result. By kind permission of E. Maunde Thompson, Esq., the Principal Libra- rian of the British Museum, Mr. L. B. Fleming was allowed to photograph the volume. H. OSKAR SOMMER. CONTENTS. PACE INTRODUCTION ii I. THE DIFFERENT EDITIONS OF "THE SHEP- HEARDES CALENDER" ii II. THE AUTHOR OF THE COMMENTARY . .15 THE PHOTOGRAPHIC FACSIMILE OF THE ORI- GINAL EDITION 27 INTRODUCTION. I. THE DIFFERENT EDITIONS OF "THE SHEPHEARDES CALENDER." ON December 5, 1579, "The Shepheardes Calender" was entered at Stationers' HalP under the name of Hugh Singleton, who probably bought the book from the author or his friends. As the epistle of "E. K." is dated April 10, 1579, we may suppose that the volume passed in the interval the press. Neither in the entry nor on the title-page the author's name is mentioned, but on its verso some dedicatory verses are signed " Immerito." The title of this original edition is this : I. The Shepheardes Calender. Conteyning twelue ^glogues proportionable to the twelve monethes. Entitled to the Noble and Vertvous Gentleman, most worthy of all titles, both of learning and cheualrie, M. Philip Sidney, ('.') At London. Printed by Hugh Singleton, dwelling in Creede Lane neere vnto Ludgate at the signe of the gylden Tunne, and are there to be solde. 1579. 4to.* This edition contains woodcut engravings before each of the twelve eclogues, appropriate to its contents. The poem is printed in black letter, the arguments in italics, the notes in Roman type. Title (with verses "To His Booke" on the back), one leaf j Epistle to Gabriel Harvey, two leaves; the General Argument, one leaf; and the poem on Sig. Ai to ' Transcript of the Registers of the Company of Stationers' of London from 1554 to 1640 A.D., privately printed by Edward Arber, 1875, 4to, vol. ii. p. 362 : — S December [1579]. Hughe Singelton i Lycenced vnto him the Shepperdes Calender con- teyninge xij eclogues proportionable to the xij monethes — vj<'. ' Handbook to the Popular, Poetical, and Dramatic Literature of Great Britain, from the Invention of Printing to the Restoration. By W. C. Hazlitt. London, 1867, 8vo, p. 572. la INTRODUCTION. N4 in fours. There are four copies of this edition known to exist : — i". No. 11,533 of the Grenville Collection of the British Museum, from which the present edition is photographed.^ a°. In the Bodleian Library, Oxford.^ 3°. No. 293, Capell, T. 9, in the Library of Trinity College, Cambridge.* 4°. No. 437 of the Huth Library.* , The next four editions are published by John Harrison the younger, to whom, according to the Registers of Stationers' Hall, Hugh Singleton assigned the book.* The second edition is very much like the first, and the same woodcuts precede the single eclogues. It has this title : — a. The Shepheardes Calender. Conteining twelue iEglogues proportionable to the twelue Monethes. Entitled to the Noble and Vertuous Gentleman, most worthy of all titles, both of learn- ing and cheualrie, M. Philip Sydney. V IT Imprinted at Londpn by Thomas East, for John Harrison the younger, dwelling Pater noster Roe, at the signe of the Anker, and are there to bee solde. 1581. Also this second edition is rare. There are copies of it in the Grenville Collection, in the Bodleian, Trinity College, and Huth Libraries. It is similarly arranged as the first edition. The Title occupies one leaf j the Epistle to Harvey, two leaves ; and the General Argument, one leaf. The volume has 5a folios. The poem is printed in black letter, the Argu- ments in italics, the Commentary in Roman type. 3. The Shepheardes Calender. Conteining twelve ^glogues proportionable to the twelue Monethes. Entitled To the noble and vertuous Gentleman, most worthie of all titles, both of * Catalogue of the Grenville Library, under "Spenser." ° Catalogus Impressorum Librorum in Bibl. Bodleiana, vol. iii. p. 520. ' Rob, Sinker, Early English Printed Books in the Library of Trinity College. Cambridge, 1885, 8vo, p. 105. * Catalogue of the Huth Library. London, 1880, 4to, vol. iv. p. 1383. * Transcript. Reg. of Comp. Stat., &c, vol. ii. p. 380 : 29 October [1581]. John harrison : Assigned ouer from Hugh Singleton to have the sheppardes callender, which was hughe Singleton's copie. — vj* INTRODUCTION. 13 learning and chiualry, Maister Philip Sidney. Imprinted at London by John Wolfe for John Harrison the yonger, dwell- ing in Pater noster Roe, at the signe oF the Anker. 1586. 4to. Contrary to this statement, we read on folio 5a : "Imprinted at London by Thomas East for John Harrison/' etc. With very slight differences, arranged as the first and second editions. ■4. The Shepheards Calender, Containing twelue Aeglogues proportionable to the twelue Monethes. Entitvled To the noble and vertuous Gentleman, most worthie of all tides, both of learning and chiualry, Maister Philip Sidney. London, Printed by John Windet for John Harrison the yonger, dwelling in Pater noster Roe, etc. 1591. 4to. 5. The Shepheards Calendar. Conteining twelve Aeglogues, proportionable to the twelve Moneths. Entituled to the noble and vertuous Gentleman, &c. London. Printed by Thomas Creede for John Harrison the yonger, dwelling Pater noster Roe, at the signe of the Anchor, etc. 1597. 4to. The British Museum copy contains Latin translation in MS. In 1611, together with some other poems, the Shepheardes Calender appeared for the first time with the poet's name attached to it ; this volume has the title ; The Faerie Qveen : The Shepheards Calendar; Together with the other Works of England's Arch-Poet, Edm. Spenser. IT Collected into one Volume, and carefully corrected. Printed by H. L. for Mathew Lownes. Anno Dom. 161 1, fol. This volume is dedicated to Queen Elizabeth thus : To the Most High, Mightie, and Mag- nificent Emperesse, Renouned for Pietie, Vertve, and all Graciovs Government : Elizabeth, By the Grace of God, Queene of Eng- land, France, and Ireland, and of Virginia: Defender of the Faith, &c. Her most humble Seruaunt, Edmund Spenser, doth in all humilitie dedicate, present, and consecrate these his labours, to Hue with the eternitie of her Fame.^ In 1653 Spenser's book came out with a Latin translation in verse : ^ In this edition the woodcuts that were made for the original edition were used for the last time; The "Faerie Queen," the "Shepheards Calendar," and the " Prosopopeia " are each separately paged. Several of the minor pieces have separate title-pages, and are without pagination. 14 INTRODUCTION. The Shepheards Calendarj Sec, by Edmund Spenser, Prince of English Poets, accompanying " Calendarium Pastorale, sive wiEglogae duodecim, totidem anni mensibus accomodatae, Ang- lice olim scriptae ab Edmundo Spensero, Anglorum Poetarum Principe J nunc autem eleganti Latino carmine donates k Theo- doro Bathurst, Aulae Pembrokianse apud Cantabrigienses ali- quando socio. Londini M. M. T. C. & C. Bedell, ad Por- tam Medii-Templi in vico vulgo vocato Fleetstreet. Anno Dom. 1653." 8vo. The editor of this translation, as well as the original, appears to have been, by the preface, William Dillingham, of Emanuel College, who in the same year was elected Master of that Society. At the end of the volume a Glossary, or Alphabetical Index of unusual words, is added. The Epistle to Harvey, the General Argument, and the Com- mentary are not in this edition. The whole is printed in Roman type, and contains 147 pages. This edition was reprinted in 1733 by John Ball, with the addition of a Latin dissertation: " De Vita Spenseri, et Scriptis," and an " augmented Glossary." On the title-page below, the words : " Typis Londiniensibus. Prostant apud Ch. Rivington, & John Knapton, Bibliop. & T. Fletcher, Oxon," No date is given, but the vplume appeared also with another title-page, on which 1733 and the printer's name, W. Bowyer, are given. Besides these separate editions, the Shepherdes Calendar has been reprinted with all the editions of the complete works of Spenser,^ the best known of which are Todd's (1805), Collier's, (1862), Hales' (1869), and Grosart's (1883), and with all editions of his poetical works.^ In our own time. Professor Henry Morley edited the " Shep- heardes Calender," 1888, separately, for Cassell's National Lib- rary (i2mo). ' According to the General Catalogue of the British Museum Library, there exist about ten different editions of the complete works, and about fifteen of the poetical works of Spenser ; so that altogether the " Shepheardes Calendar" has been printed thirty-five times in three hundred years. ' H. J. Todd's ed., 8 vols., Lond., 1805, 8vo ; J. P. Collier's ed., J vols., Lond., 1862, 8vo J J. W. Hales' Globe ed., I vol., Lond., 1869, 8vo ; A. B. Grosart's ed., Lond. and Aylesbury, 1882, 4to. II. THE, COMMENTATOR OF "THE SHEPHEARDES CALENDER." THE "Shepheardes Calender" was from its first appearance accompanied by "the Glosse," or an explanatory com- mentary, written by " E, K.," who professes to be a friend of the poet. Nobq.dy knew who " E. K." was, and, as far as we could ascertain, about that time nobody was inquisitive to know, perhaps owing to the fact that the poet's name itself, which was naturally of greater interest, was hidden behind the pseudonym " Immerito." Many years after — the date cannot be fixed — people com- menced to inquire about " E. K.," and tried to penetrate the veil with which the pseudo-commentator's personality is surrounded. Successively several suppositions were then made, till it was discovered that about Spenser's time there lived at Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, a certain Edward Kirke or Kerke, though really beyond a few dates '^ nothing whatever was known about this Kirke. This discovery put a stop to any further critical investi- gation. Edward Kirke was the "E. K." alluded to in the letters of Spenser to Harvey,^ and he was proclaimed the author of 1 Cooper's Athenas Cantabrigienses, Cambridge, 1858 and 1861, 8vo, vol. ii. 244- 24s !— " Edward Kirke matriculated as a sizar of Pembroke Hall in November 1571, subsequently removed to Caius College, and as a member of the latter house, pro- ceeded B.A. 1574-5, and commenced M.A. 1578." (Comp. Biograph. Brit., 3804, 3805, 3814. Calendars of the Proceedings in Chancery in the Reign of Queen Elizabeth, Lond., 1827, fol. i. 73, ii. 125. Haslewood, Ancient Critical Essays, Lond. 1815, 4to, vol. ii. p. 262 and 288. W. Oldys' Brit. Librarian, Lond., 1738, 8vo, p. 87 and 90. — Comp. also Notes and Queries, 2nd Series, ix., June 21, i860; 3rd Series, vii., June 24, 1865.) " " Three proper and wittie familiar Letters," &c., and in the same volume : " Two other very commendable Letters," &c. Lond., 1580, 8vo. In the letter dated April 10, 1580 : — I. "'E. K.' heartily desyreth to be commended vnto your Whorshippe ; of i6 INTRODUCTION. " the Glosse." Thus from edition to edition of Spenser's works this was repeated as a fact; nobody ever thought of going again deeply into the matter; indeed, if anybody doubted it, he was afraid of expressing his opinion for fear of being laughed at. It is interesting to read some of the accounts given by Spenser students on this point. Todd ^ writes : " Some have been led to assign the name of Edward Kerke to the old scholiast. Some also have not failed to suppose that King might be the name." He himself leaves the point undecided, and generally speaks of the commentator "E, K." Collier* says: "The discovery of the name of a person in Spenser's own college, whose initials correspond with the ' E. K.' placed at the end of the epistle to Gabriel Harvey introducing the ' Shepheardes Calender/ puts an end to the absurd specula- tions* hazarded by some critics that Spenser had in fact been his own editor, and consequently his own laudator, and to the scarcely less improbable notion that G. Harvey had penned the letter to himself." Hales,* in his biography of Spenser, says: "These poems are whome, what accompte he maketh youre selfe shall hereafter perceiue, by hys payne- full and dutiful! Verses to your selfe." 2. " Thus muche was written at Westminster yesternight : but coming this morning, beeyng the sixteenth of October to Mystresse ICerkes to haue it deliuered to the Carrier, I receyued youre letter, sente me the laste weeke." 3. " You may alwayes send them most safely to me by Mistresse Kerke, and by none other." The other reference is in the postscriptum ; — " I take best my Dreames shoulde come forthe alone, being growen by meanes of the Glosse (running continually in maner of Paraphrase) full as great as my Calender. Therin be some things excellently, and many things wittily discoursed of E. K.," &c. (These letters are reprinted by J. Haslewood, Lond., 1811, 4to, in Anc. Crit. Essays upon Engl. Foets and Poesy, and in vol. i, of Dr. Grosart's edition of the works of Gabriel Harvey.) » Todd, Spenser's Works, Lond., 1805, vol. i. p. xxi. note. ' J. Payne Collier, The Complete Works of Spenser, vol. i. p. xl. 3 Rob. Nares, A Glossary or Collection of Words, Phrases, Names, and Allusions to Customs, Proverbs, etc., in English Authors. London, new edit, enlarged by J. O. Halliwell and Th. Wright, 1859, 8vo, p. 334 : under "Frembd," "Spenser was probably his own commentator ; " under "Mister," "his own Glossary." * J. W. Hales, Life of Spenser, in Morris's Globe edition, Lond., 1869, 8vo. INTRODUCTION. i7 ushered into the world by Spenser's college friend (in Cam- bridge), Edward Kirke, for such no doubt is the true interpreta- tion of the initials ' E. K.' " Grosart,^ in a special article, "Notices of Edward Kirke," &c,, writes : " Connecting the full name of ' Mystresse Kerke ' {bis) — a mere variant spelling of ' Kirke ' — with E. K. (also lis) of these letters, it has been long accepted that E. K., who was (probably) editor and (certainly) Glosse - writer of the * Shepheardes Calender,' was an Edward Kirke, contemporary with Spenser and Harvey at the University of Cambridge. I have been unable to verify who first thus appropriated the initials; but certes such appropriation commends itself, as against the fantastic and impossible theories whereby Spenser himself is made out to have been his own Glosse-writer, the absurdity culminating in that of 'Notes and Queries,'^ which gravely reads E. K. as 'Edmund Kalenderer' (?)." More moderately, though not yet decidedly, Craik,^ after hav- ing mentioned that some people advanced the opinion that the poet and the commentator are the same person, continues : " It does not seem to us to be impossible, or very improbable. Such a device, by which the poet might communicate to the public many things requisite for the full understanding of his poetry, which he could not have openly stated in his own name, and at the same time leave whatever else he chose vague and uncertain, or at least indistinctly declared, had manifest conveniences. If he had really a friend who could do this for him, good and well ; but no one would know so well as himsfelf in all cases what to disclose and what to withhold, and he would perhaps be more 1 Grosart, Spenser's Works, vol. iii. p. cviii. Besides the few dates given about Kirke in the Athen. Cantab., Grosart adds, "The only other bit of new biographic fact is that Edward Kirke became Rector of the parish of Risby in Suffolk." Sub- joined is Kirke's Will and Epitaph. 2 Notes and Queries, sth Series, vi., Nov. 4, 1876, p. 365 :-- "The gloss or explanatory coramentatory prefixed to the earlier editions of the several eclogues is subscribed 'E. K.,' intended, not improbably, for the poet him- self, the initials signifying here Edmund the Kalenderer," &c. ^ Geo. L. Craik, Spenser and his Poetry. London, 1845, 3 vols. i2mo, vol. i. PP- 34-35. C 1 8 INTRODUCTION. likely therefore to perform the office himself than intrust it to any friend. As for the real vanity, or whatever else it may be, with which he is chargeable, it would be very nearly of the same amount whether he thus actually sounded his own praises or got another to do it for him, although the indecorum might be less in the latter case. On this supposition, E. K.'s 'painful and dutiful verses,' spoken of in the letter of the i6th October 1579, may be merely a long Latin poem addressed to Harvey by Spenser himself, under the character or signature of ' Immerito,' and transmitted in the same letter. However, it is impossible to affirm anything for certain upon this matter ; and perhaps the manner in which Spenser speaks to Harvey, in a passage already quoted, of the Gloss of the same E. K. upon his Dreams, may seem rather adverse to the conclusion that he is himself that friendly commentator. At the same time it is strange that even in writing to Harvey he should always so carefully keep to this imperfect mode of indication ; he is not in the habit of naming Sidney or Dyer and his other friends by their initials; it seems impossible not to infer that there "is some mystery — that more is meant than meets the eye." So far the opinions or statements of those who by an intimate acquaintance with Spenser's poetry ought to be best qualified to decide the question who "E. K." was; but can any critic be satisfied with them? They all agree that "E. K." must have been an intimate and chosen friend of the poet, as every page of the Gloss shows, and that for no other reason than that this "E. K." describes himself as such, and because they cannot reconcile themselves with the idea that Spenser could have been capable of such an action. Supposing they were all right, why did not Spenser in later years, when it was lotig known that he wrote the Eclogues, disclose also his friend's name ? The devoted friend is nowhere mentioned after 1580 in any of Spenser's writings. If Spenser was anxious to conceal that he wrote the "Glosse," must we not naturally imagine that he did all in his power to make the illusion complete,^ and to avoid as far as he 1 The remarks, therefore, which Spenser makes in the letter already published in 1580 about E. K. are of no value at all. INTRODUCTION. 19 could everything that might lead to a disclosure? Further, the initials "E. K." were connected with a certain Edward Kirke for no other reason than that he was a contemporary of the poet. Nobody has ever proved that a friendship existed between Kirke and Spenser, but the enigma, one must admit, can through this hypothesis be very conveniently explained. I do not think that I am unjust in saying all those statements, Craik's excepted, are bare of any criticism, for if there were no reasons to be found for the identity of Spenser and Kirke, certainly it is no less absurd speculation to advance the one hypothesis than to be in favour of the other ; and however strange it may appear to us if we read "E. K.'s" epistle, and see him spoken of by Spenser in the letters referred to above, it is neither impossible nor improbable, but a fact, that Spenser wrote the " Glosse " without being guilty of any contemptible action. As all great poets, Spenser was in advance of his age. He saw clearly in his mind the difficulties with which he would have to contend in appearing before the world, unknown, in controversy with the existing opinions and fashions, a declared enemy of the University pedantry and the aflFectations of the Court. Fully conscious of his poetical abilities, and feel- ing that he was destined to fulfil a literary mission, he wrote the Commentary, in order to draw the attention of his contem- poraries to his work, to be better able to point out to them how he meant to deal with style and form.^ To successfully reach his purpose, he profited by the love of mystery and allegory, a 1 Spenser intended to introduce pastoral poetry into England (though this had already been attempted long before him by the Benedictine monk Alexander Barclay and others; comp. Sommer, Erster Versuch iiber die englische Hirten- dichtung, Marburg, 1888, 8vo, p. zo) ; hence his defence of this "new "kind of poetry and his detailed description iu the Epistle to Harvey. Publishing some years later the first books of the " Faerie Queene," he accompanied them by a preface in the shape of a letter to Raleigh : " Sir, knowing how doutfully all Alle- gories may be construed [perhaps he had some experience from his " Shepheardes Calender"], and this book of mine . . . being a continued Allegory, ... I have thought good, as well for avoyding of gealous ppinions and misconstructions, as for your better light in reading thereof, ... to discover vnto you the general intention and meaning, which in the whole course thereof I have fashioned. . . ." Had he thought it wise to disclose his name in 1579, he would have commenced his preface in very much the same way. ao INTRODUCTION. prominent feature of Elizabethan literature, and I believe did no great wrong. I shall now proceed to adduce, following Uhlemann,^ argu- ments that my supposition concerning "E. K." is correct, I. The recent investigations and researches by Kluge and Reissert^ concerning Spenser's sources, both published in the Anglia, have shown that the commentator's references to the poet's authorities are in several cases inaccurate or even wrong. As I shall perhaps have an opportunity of treating more fullyabout this subject later, it may here suffice to give a few examples. In the eleventh eclogue, " E. K." says Spenser has copied or imi- tated Theocritus, whereas Kluge proves that Mantuan has been the poet's model. In the twelfth eclogue a few verses are said to have been taken from Vergil, but actually they are, taken from Marot, &c. How can these facts be accounted for, especially if we bear in mind that"E. K." is generally accurate to the detail ? Very well, when we assume that " E. K," is Spenser himself. In the "Epistle" the sources are all stated as Theo- critus, Vergil, Mantuan, Petrarca, Boccaccio, Marot, Sanazarus, and " also divers other excellent both Italian and French Poetes, whose foting this Author every where followeth;" "yet," he continues, "so as few, but they be well sented can trace him out," For this latter reason, Spenser thought it necessary to here and there point out to his readers the very passages he imitated, and this he did from memory, not having his models at hand, and thus we can explain why his quotations are not always correct and complete. Besides, to judge Spenser, we must adopt another point of view than we would as regards a modern poet. The literary decorum was in the sixteenth century different. Poets profited by their predecessors more than we would consider decent now-a-days, and they did not take care to quote their authorities. So, e.g., Chaucer and Lydgate did, as Kissner, Ten Brink, and Koeppel have proved. Compared to them ' Dr. Uhlemann, Der Verfasser des Kommentars zu Spenser's " Sheplieardes Calender," Jahresbericht, No. xiii. des Konigl. Kaiser WUhelms Gymnasiums zu Hannover, 1888, Progr. No. 292. " Kluge, Anglia, vol. iii. pp. 266-274 ; Reissert, Anglia, vol. ix. pp. 205-224. INTRODUCTION. ai Spenser has been scrupulous. The illustrious poet Alexander Pope, many years after Spenser, did a far greater wrong by giving such references to his models as were intended to mislead his readers. a. In his notes to the Eclogues of January, October, and November, " E. K." refers often to the writings of Plato. He quotes especially the Dialogues " Alcibiades," "De Legibus," and " Phsedon." All tjiese references, particularly those in the first and tenth Eclogue, show distinctly that their writer was intimately acquainted with Plato's works. Such a knowledge of Plato was in Spenser's age by no means so common as in our days; but of Spenser we know from his own statements (comp. Preface to the " Faerie Queene "), and from Bryskett's " Discourse of Civill Life " ^ written between 1584-89, that he was well versed with Greek philosophy, and devoted himself with zeal and pleasure to the study of Plato. Also in his " Fowre Hymnes"^ Spenser expresses thoughts concerning true love very similar to those expressed on this subject in his notes to the Eclogues of January; and these hymns, though only published in 1596, were partly written in his earlier days, as he states in his preface, "Having in the greener times of my youth composed these former Hymnes in the praise of Love and Beautie." Is it after these reflections not more reasonable to suppose that Spenser himself wrote the Commentary than to attribute it to an " E. K.," about whom and about whose know- ledge of Plato we have no knowledge whatever ? 3. Between the Epistle to G. Harvey and the text of the ' Lodowick Bryskett's Discourse of Civill Life : "Yet is there a gentleman in this company, whom I have had often a purpose to intreate, that as his leisure might serve him, he would vouchsafe to spend some time with me to intrust me in some hard points which I cannot of myselfe understand ; knowing him to be not onely perfect in the Greek tongue, but also very well read in Philosophie both morall and naturall" (Todd's Life of Spenser, vol. l p. Iviii.)- ^ Compare, e.g., the 26th stanza : — " For love is Lord of truth and loialtie. Lifting himselfe out of the lowly dust On golden plumes up to the purest skie, Above the reach of loathly sinful lust," &c. 22 INTRODUCTION. " Shepheardes Calender " is the " General Argument of the Whole Book," treating chiefly of the history of the " Calender," An article about the signification of the word " eclogue," which, according to " E. K.," h^-s etymologically to be spelled " aigloga," concludes with the words, " Other curious discourses hereof I reserve to greater occasion." What greater occasion is meant? There appears to be a reference to some unpublished treatise ■ on poetry. Of an "E. K.," whoever he may be, we do not know by any record that he ever wrote or intended to write such a work; but Spenser had finished about that time his unfortunately lost work, "The English Poet," which is de- scribed as to its title and contents in the Eclogue of October : " In Cuddie is set out the perfect patern of a Poet, which, find- ing no maintenance of his state and studies, complaineth of the contempt of Poetrie, and the causes thereof: Specially having bene in all ages, and even the most barbarous, alwaies of singular account and honour, and being indeed so worthie and commend- able an art, or rather no art, but a. divine gift and heavenly instinct not to be gotten by labour and learning, but adorned with both ; and poured into the witte by a certaine Enthousias- mos and celestiall inspiration, as the Author hereof else where at large discourseth in his booke called 'The English Poet,' which booke being lately come in to my hands, I minde also by God's grace, upon further advisement to publish." From this we may conclude that one part of the lost work, "The English Poet," treated about the high vocation of the poet. In the "glcisse" to the eclogue of October, "E. K." terminates a long remark to the words " For ever," thus : "Such honour have Poets alwayes found in the sight of Princes and noble men, which this author here verie well sheweth, as else where more notably." This "else where" can only refer to "The English Poet," as none of Spenser's works which we possess treats a similar subject, and among his lost ones it can only allude to "The English Poet." As it is impossible to find any trace of such a work by an " E. K.," I think we may reasonably suppose that " E. K." is Spenser. 4. One may say that the arguments hitherto given are not INTRODUCTION. 23 absolutely convincing; the following is certainlj- so. In the notes to the Eclogue of May, " E. K." mentions as source for the verses : " Tho with them wends what they spent in cost, But what they left behind them is lost," an epithet of Sardanapalus, which Cicero thus translates: " Ha;c habui qua; edi, quseque exaturata libido, Hausit, at ilia raanent inulta ac praeclara relicta." " These verses may thus be rendered into English," continues "E. K." " All that I eate did I joy, and all that I greedily gorged : As for those many goodly matters left I for others." As it is obvious, the English translation is an imitation of the Latin distich. Now we know from the correspondence be- tween Harvey and Spenser that the former endeavoured to introduce antique metres into English poetry, and that the latter attempted to carry out these theories.^ Is not this a reason to attribute the translation of the Latin distich rather to Spenser than to an unknown person ? Fortunately we have in this case a certain proof at hand. In the letter dated April 10, 1580, Spenser communicates a little poem to his friend Harvey, in which he tried the antique metre, and says : " Seeme they comparable to those two which I translated you extempore in bed, the last time we lay togither in Westminster? 'That which I eate did I joy, and that which I greedily gorged, As for those many goodly matters leaft 1 for others.' " This translation corresponds to that owned by "E. K." word for word — except for the change of "all that" to "that which," — and this proves that " E. K." and Spenser are identical. Further, in the Eclogue of April, " E. K." or Spenser remarks : " Bay branches be the signe of honour and victorie, and there- ' Letter of October 15, 1579, ". . . I am, of late, more in love wyth my Eng- lishe versifying, than with lyming : whyche I should have done long since, if I would then have followed your councell." 34 INTRODUCTION. fore of mightie conquerours worne in their triumphs, and eke of famous poetSj as saith Petrarch in his Sonets : — " Arbor vittoriosa triomphale, Honor d'lmperatori et di Poeti," etc. The same Italian verses are quoted in Harvey's third letter to Spenser, where he says, in order to encourage his friend : " Think upon Petrarch's Arbor vittoriosa triomfale, Onor, etc., and per- happes it will advaunce the wynges of your Imagination a degree higher." Harvey thus apparently takes it for granted that Spenser is well versed with the said verses of Petrarch, and this either because of his personal intercourse and correspondence with him, or because he knew that Spenser was the writer of the " Glosse " to the " Shepheardes Calender," which latter is under the circumstances more probable.^ The identity of "E. K." with Edmund Spenser is nowhere in contradiction with -the form and the contents of the commen- tary. If we allow that Spenser wrote the commentary, we can under- stand the enthusiastic tone of the "General Argument," and of the note to the words "For ever," in the tenth Eclogue. A mere commentator would never have been so deeply penetrated with a sense of the high vocation and importance of the poet. 1 Searching in A'otes and Queries, I came across the following suggestion, Sept, 9, 1854, 1st Series, vol. x. pp. 204-205 : "In the 'Glosse' of the Eclogue of April, Rosalind is spoken of as deserving to be commended to immortality as much as Myrto or Petrarch's Laura, ' or Himera the worthy poet Stesichorus his idol, upon whom he is said so much to have doted, that in regard of her excellencie, he scorned and wrote against the beautie of Helena. For which his presumptuous and un- heedie hardinesse, he is sayd by vengeance of the gods, thereat being offended, to have lost both his eies,' If we compare these latter lines with verses 919-924 of ' Colin Clout's come home againe : ' — ' And well I wote, that oft I heard it spoken. How one, that fairest Helene did revile. Through iudgement of the gods to been y wroken, Lost both his eyes and so remaynd long while, Till he recanted had his wicked rimes, And made amends to her with treble praise,' we are led to think that both came from the same pen." INTRODUCTION. 25 It no longer excites surprise that the merits of G. Harvey, not to mention others,^ are so much expounded in the Epistle and in the notes. If "E. K." were not Spenser himself, he would have carefully avoided darkening the poet by praising others at his expense, but Spenser doing it himself simply ex- pressed his gratitude to his best friend Harvey. Thus we now know that "E. K." means Edmund Spenser, and this result enables us to say that all allusions to the life and works of Spenser contained in the "Glosse" are genuine and valuable material for the completion of his biography, whereas the letters between him and Harvey have to be used with great care. But it still continues an open question why Spenser took these letters, or what is meant by them. Most probably this will remain an enigma, like the mysterious " W. H." of the dedication to Shakspere's Sonnets. ^ Eclogue for January : Sir Tho. Smith ; in the third Eclogue : Angelus Politianus. THS Shefheardes Calender Conteyning twelue .£g|[ogues propordonabk {0 ttie nuelve motiet^e?. EntttUi TO THE NOBLE AND VERTV- ws Gentleman moH tterthj'tfdU titltt both of learning and cheualiie M. Philip Sidney. AT LONDON. Tr'mted by Hugh Smgleton^dMllmgin Creede Lane neere vntoLudg^te at the figne of thf sploen ^unne,ffi») aretheretobelbldc. TO HIS BOOKE Goe little bool^ithyfelfeprefent^ nAs childi^hofe parent is lon^nt : 'To him that is thefrefident OfnobkJJe andofcheualree^, ^nd if that Ernie har^ at thee^ , nAsfure it mllyforjuccour^flet^ Fnder the fhadovf of his inking, dA^nd af^d^who theeforthJidhring, qJ' Jhepheardsfi^aine/aje did thee Jing, {iAlias hisjlrayingjloc^ hefeddet (lAndvphen his honor has thee redde, Craue pardon for mjhardyhedde* ^ut *tfthat any afk^ thy namely %ay thou "Vpert bafe begot vpith blamt^i For thy thereof thou iaJ^efl /bamt^, oAndy^hen thou artpdfiieopardee^. Come tellme^vphatn^^jaydofmee^ : cJhdfmllfend more after thee^. Jmmeritb. The general argument of , Ittlelljope^eedethmeatlai^e to dKfcourfe the&P:Onpfl»V of^Io- j gues^utng aiteadie toucjied the fsme . Rue for.the word ^glogucs t \ know is voknowen to moft,and allb.miftaken of jlome the beit teamed I (astliey think) I rvyU fay romevvhattliecEoFjbeing not at all im^ettinec to my present purpole. They were fiiA of the Gtcekes tfic inuentoursof them called ^lo- gajositwcre ei'eyet ozaiyniuni.xiiyi. that is Gotcheards tales. For although in Virgile and others the ^cakets be moft (hcpheards^nd Gotehcards,yet Theoctitiis in whom is more ground oCauthoritiejthen in V;i;gile, this C>ecially from tTiat deriuJng,as from the £t(l bead and vvellptii^the vvhoIelQiKridonpfhis i£gloi;uc$^akcthGote])eardsLtbe perlons and authors othis talcs. This btin& vvho fecthnbt tlve gto(IciK0e of fuch ps by colour of feaming would maltcvslbde^ue mat jhcy as thej would ray,ex traotdinaiy difcourfes of vnnecc^arie mattcr,vvhicb difinition .^be in fiibuaunce and meaning it agree with the nature ofihe thing,ye t (lo^hit anfvvereth with the atdjjmt and interpretation of the wond. For tbtyfakeiiottenned Eclogues, but £g-' logaes.vvhich fcntence tbit autht»ir veiy well obfeniin^yp9n good iudgemcpt, though indeedc few Qotpheiards haue to doe hercir^nethclctle dbubteth not to cat ih| by the vied and bifiknoweh name. Qthctcuiiou$4ifcouri^kereDfIre/etuetDg)X3ter occ« .{ioii.Thelbitij. i£clogues euery where anfoeiing to tlic (ealbns of the tweJue .monthes ina; bfwell deuided into three fmrncs or ranckcs; For eytb£c tliey be Pbintiue, as the fit&,tbtiixt,dieeUueath,&tl)e nvclfth,otrecrcatiucjSich a al thofe bc,w{ii(h conceiiie taatter of Ioucjm comtnendatioaiOf Xpcci^ pet-(biia|es, oe Moral: v vhich foe the otoll partix: mixed with fomcSatyncal bitterndTe, namely thefccond of reuerence'dewe to oUagiuthefi&of coloured deceipt,thefeuend)aiidili(ithof(&J}otute {hepheards &pa(^ ooorSjthe ten^ of conteinpt of Poetrie Spleafaunt vvits,And to diis dinifion may cue* ly thi|^licrein be reafbnably apptvcd i A few onely exceiit,who(c fpeciall putpofe and uteanihgl amflot ptiuie to,And thus much {generally of theJe xij. .£cIogucs.Now will we fpeake p^icidarly ofalljand firft of the hrft . which he callcth by the fitfi moncthc* name lanuarie ; wherein to (bme he may fteme fowly to haue faultcd,in diat he erront> oufly beginneth wid) that monethjwhich beginneth not the yeate.For it is wcl known, andftoutely mainteynedwithfirongerealbasof theleamed, thatiheyeare beginneth in March.for then the (bnne renewethhisfinifliedcourie^d die feafbnable fpting rcfre flieth the earth,and the plefaunce theieof being bmied iu the fadncfle of the dead winter now wome away,reliueth.This opinion maynteiiic the olde Aftrologers and Philofo- phetSjuamelytlicretierciid Aha.iil6ja(idMadtQbhjsft>hlsh61ydaycsoT S^ijic.wbidh accoumpt alio was generally obferued both of Grecians arid Romans . Bwfauingthe Icaueoflilch leatnedheads,weinayntaine4 etiflome«ff wirnc of the Romanes intcrcalarcs (ror in fuch matter oflearni:^ I ant forced to vie die tertnes of ^e learned ) the monethes haUc bene nombi^d »;. virhieh in tbe.&ft ordmalince ofRomsitus were butcenne, countinfbutCCCiii/.dayeaineiieryyeare', and beginning with March. Bqi Nnma PompiUus,vy hp w^the father of al die Romaiii ceremonies andreligionVf*eii)gthjtreckonii»g-fO'agreeneithei?Vvith the courfcoftlie Ibnne^orof the Mooncjihetcvnto added ti!Voitioneth«,lamiary andFebruaryrwboi- in it ii:emeth,thac V vifc king minded ypon good reaibn to beigm'&eyeare at 'Ianuatie,oir him therefore (b ctlled tanquamlanna anni tbegate and cnttaunce ofthe yete,oi of the nameofthcgodlanus , to which god for that the ^d Paynims attributed thebyrthSc beAinninc;of all creatures new cqmming into ths^vrorlde , itfeemeth that he tneifqte tohima(iignedtliebeginningand.fir(l enrraiince ofdi'eyeare . yvhtclraccoiintforthe Mod part hith hetherto coi^tuAttd.Notvnthft'anding tbarthe :£giptians be^ne theyr ycare at Scptember,for that according tadie opinion of the bed R3(>bin£,and^ vety pur- polc of the tctipture (elfe ,■ GodiUade tlie Vvorlde in thatMonetb,that is called of mem' Tidi And therefore he commannded diem,to kecpe the feaft of Pauilions.in the end^. thcyc3Fc,in the sir. day oftheieuenthmonethjvvhich before that time waf the fjrfl^ But our AuthourreipeArng nether the.fub.tiIticorthbne paree^oithe antiquitieor thodier,thinkeih it fitteft accordii^ to the finipficitie of cotijulicn ThdeiA.anding,to ber gin with Tanuarie,wening it pciliaps no decorii, that Sepheard ihould be feene in mat tvrof ib deepc inGght.or canuaie a cafi of fadoubtfiiliudgment.So thetefotc bcginnedi be,Si (b continueth he throughout. To the moflexceUmt and learned hoth jD^ato; anil ipoeee^spapSer 6a&;teU ^wx^^it vetiefpecia) and fingiilar good IrendElC. comment' dcth tbe eood lykingof this his labouTt anachcpatroiugeiifth^ IwwPotte. (v> i|lCOV tHB VNKISTB, Sayle the oUc faffloas Poete (Saucer: vvhotnfi>r his excdlencie and vvpndeiiullfkil in making, ^ riisrcholIerLicfeate,avvpRl^fehollerofroexcelIci»3inai{iet, cu« kth theLoad^nane bfour Langui^e^ vvhbm out Colin clone hx hisiEglngiiecanetbTityrtwtheGodof&efdieatdStCoinpjtinghyin tothe wortbines of the Roman Tityras Virgile. VVbidi prouerb«a i myne owne good firiend Ma. Haiuey^in that good old Ppete it (e>- ued V veil Pandaies purpole,for the bolfieting.ofhis ban^Wcage, fo vity well taketh place ill this oiu ne vv Poete,wIio for that he is vncoucbc (as faid Qiaucer) is ynki(l,anil vnbiown to mofl m£, is regarded biat of fevv. But Ident notj.(b (bone as his name ftall come into the knovvledgofmi;n, andhisworchines-belbundedinthetrompeffame, ■battbathefhallbenotonelykifte,bvtal(bbdouedofalli cmbncedof^&emol^ aoi yrondred at of the beft. No lefle I thinke,dereraidi his vvittinefle in deiri(ing^sj>ithi!>. nefle in vtteting^ complaints ofloue (b buely^is dircoatfes of f leafiire lb pleaiantly, hisp^orallnideneffe j rBsmorallwiienefle, ,ldsdevveob(etuingof Jpecorameuctye Tvhercjin per(bnage$,in leafanSjin ffiateer,i(i Ipeachjand generally in alileeinely fimply* citie of faandeIinghismatterjandiramtnghl»vvordki&e which ormabythingeswbicti inhimbc fitaunge,tknoinnrviII fiienieaieftratmgeft , die vvordithem fdues being (b auncientjdie knitting of Pernio fiiort andintrkacejand the vvhole Petude & compsiOe of fpeachefbdel^tlbmcibtiheionndhelle, andibgraue^theflraiingenelle. And &Ac of the Wordcs to fikake, Igraunt ttey be /bnnechinghard,andt>f moU men vrmred, yetbothEng^i(h,andallorredofmoftexcellentLA4thor»andmoIlfainous Pocces.. In Trhom vvhenas this our Poet bath bene mudi nraueiled and tbroQghly redd, how could it b^ (as that vronhy Oratonr (ayde) but that walking indie fbnne aldtoi^h (or other caulehcwalked,^e pcrfca. Epijlle. ytrfcfiOntour, faytli thitofKimesanauncientworJtmakcth ttclfylc/eemegranc, and 3S it were rcuerend : n o otherwifi; then we honour and reuerence gray hearcs for a certein religious tegard.which wc liaue of cid igc.jrct nether euny wheremuA old wordf be ftiiflrd in,nor the commen Dialefic and manet of fpcakihg fo corrupted thed>}r, Aat as in old building it (cne difbrdeHy Si niioous. ^ut aH'as in moft exquifitc pifhires they v(e to bl«c and portraictnot onelj^die daiiitie lineaments of beautye, but alfo loonde about it to Shadow the rude thickets and craggy clifts^thatby the balcoefle of (iich parts, ftioreexcellencj^mayacctewto Aeprincjpiljforoftimesw'efyndcoiiirdues , Iknowe rochovv , (ingularly delighted with the ItieweoffuchiiaturaURideneflejand take gieac pleafurc in that Uirordetly order:Ew3i To doc thofe rovgbandharlh temics enluniarand jnake more clearly to appeare the brightneflc of brauc & glorious words. So o^animes a difchordc in Mulick makcdi a comely concordaunce:fof teat delight'tooke the worthy Pocce Alceus to behold a blemilh in the loynt of a Ardihsped body .But ifamrw Jl rafh> Jy blame fuch his purpofe in choyfe of old'and rnvvonted words, him may I more iuffly blame and condcinne,or of vvitl^e headineOe in ludging, or of beedeldlehardinOSc in condcmiiing.for not marking the compaiTc ni bys bent, he vvil iudgcpf the length ofhh cift.for in my opinion it is one Ipedil prayle,of many vvhych ate dew to this'Poete,diac he hach bbo;'rcd to refiore,as to they r nghtfull heritage fuch good and naturall Englilh woids,as hauc bcniong time out of v(e & almoft cicarc dilhenced. Which is the oncly CAu(c,diat our Modicr tonge.whicb tniely of it feU is both ful enough for prole &ilately cnougli for verlcjhath long time ben couted mod bare & batrein of both. «vliicli default when as/bme cndeuoured to Cdue &recure,thev patchcd-vp the holes with peccs & ra^t of other langu jgcSjhortowing here of the frencn,thcrc of the Itiilian, eucry where of me L.?tine,nof weighing how il,thole tongues accorde vvidi themfelueSjbut much vvorle vvitli oursiSo'now- diey haue made our Englifli -tonguCja gallimaufray or hodgepodge of ol other lpcches.Other Ibme no lb wel femein tlie EngUfti toiKc as j)erh.ips in other Ian ™ge$,if thi: happen to here an oldc vvord albeit veiy natnrafi and%iihcam,c7e out iircight W3y,that wc ipeak no Englilh,but gibbrifli/}i rather nicb,asin oldtime Euoden moiiif r fpakr. whofe fy& fliame is,that ihcy are not alhained,in their.ovm mother tqnge flraungcts (o be counted and altenn.Thc fecond Oiamc no lefle then the liifijthat. vrfiac lo riiottih,ifneful then both,diat of their ovvne co'untiy and natural fpeach, yvhicb together with their Nourccs n^ diey riKked,they haue fo bafe regard and baftard iud^enKnt,that they will not onely them* fclucs no< labor CO gamilh &beautifieit,butaUorrpiDe,tha(ofotherit'{hoIdbeembel Iil}ied.Like to the dc^e in the maungcr,that him felie can eate no hay, and yet batkech -at the' hunsy bnllock,that (o faine would feede : whole currllh kind thoi^ cannot be krpt from b3rkJng,yct I conne them thankc iliat they refrain from byting. Now for the knitting of fentt:nces,vvhych they call die ioynts .ind membeis thero^ and for »! the compafle of the fpcach, iiisround without roughnene,and learned wytb* out har(tiics,luch indcede as may be perceiued of the ieafte , vnderiloode of die mofle, but tudged onely of the leamed.Fctr what in mod Engliih wtyters vfcth to be loo(e,HVd as it were vn2ytt;in this Auriiour is S-veO grounded^^ely framcdisnd flrongly ttuflcd vp together. In regatd'wheref, Ifcortieand Ipueouttherikehellye route of pur ragged rjtsxn (for fo thcfclues vfe to hunt tlie letter) which without leaining belle, without iudgenient Eftflle. iudgement ungic, without realbn rage and (onw^t iribme inAinA of Poetinlt /pi'tiie hadnew/y raui(ked theni aboue the meanenfeflc ofcommen capaciiie.And being in the niddeft of all theyt braunyjibdenly cy ther for want of niatter,ar of ryme, or hauing for gotten theyt former conceipt,they fceme to be lb pained and traueiled in thcyr icmcin • trance,as it were a woman in childebirth or as that (ame Py thi3,vvhen the irauncc came vponher. Os rabidumferacordadomaiu&c. Nethelefle let them a Gods name feede on theyr ovync folly. To they Iccbe not to dar. fcen tlic beames of others glory . As for Colin,vnder whofe petfon the A uthoiir fclfe is (hadowedjhovv fune he is &om fcch vaunted tides and glorious (hov-ves,both liim feUc ihcwetb,where he &y th. OfMulesHobbin.Iconnenorkill. And, Enough is me to paint out my viuefi, &c. And alio appeareth by the bafeneire of the name,vvhereinjit (onetb, he chofe rather to vnfoU great matter of argume t conrrtly ,thcn profelfing it, not fuffice tlwrcf o according ly. which moacdhim rather in Ag!ogucs,tnen other wift-to wiite,doubting perhaps nuhabdme , which he little nceded,orm'ynding to fumidi cur tongue vvhhtnitkinde, wherein it faulteth.or following the example ofthc bcft & mod luncient Poetcs,which druiredthis1dndofwryting,beingbotbrobareforthematirr,and homely for the man- ner,atthefitftfotiycHKyrhabdicics? and as young birJes, that be newly aept out of the nc^y little£iil » prone theyr te ndcr wyngs, before they make a greater flyght^o flew Tlieorritus,^ you may peiceine he vyas ;iirready full fledged. So flew Virgile^as not yetvvcjl iixlinghis winges So flew Man!uane,as being not (till fomd.So Pelrarque. So Boccaee; So ManCjSanazanis^and 'dib diuers other excellent both Italian and Fiench PoeteSjwhofe foting this Author euery where foUoweUijyct (b as few, but ihcy be wcl fented can tracehim out.So finally ,flycth this our new foete^as a bitd,vvhore p-.incipals be fcareegrowcnputjbut yet as diat lo timirfhall be liable to keepe wing with the befi. Nowastbucbii^ thegeneralldryftandputpofec«lbis.^logucs,rmindnotto fey mnch^'m fclic labouring to conceale it. Onely this af^eareth^tbtliis vnflayed you-nh hadbngw^VukedinthccommonLabytintliofLoue, inwhichtimeto mitigate uid anaythehcateonMsp3lfioniOeelstowarne(ashe fiythjiheyoongfljepheards /. hise- aualls and companions of his vnfortunate (blly,he con^tled^c Sttj. i^lo<^cs,vvhich forthatthcyb<;proportioncdt6theflateofthc3Bj.moi»ethes,hc tcnneJitSe SHF.P- HEARDrS CALE ND A R, applying»iolde name «o anew worke.Hcreunto haoe I added a eettain Glofli or fchohon for ttjexpoGtion of old worde* & harder plira- /■esrv»hi£hinmerofgIolingandcomroehting,wcHl-wdte,wiIiiemeftraunge&«ar© in our tongueyet for (omuch as I knew many {xcelleijt & proper doiilcs bQthS.worde* andmattetv»ouldpafreintbefpcedycoutfc of reading, eftheras vnki)pwf,-,or as-iiot Bvaiked^andihat in this kind^s iti otiier we might be eoual to the learned of other nati- ons,! thought good to take thepaine* vpon me.the tStbet forthat by mcanesof fomt fa miliar acquauitannce I was made prime to hisxounfell ind feott meaning ih than as alfo in ruiidry,other vvori;s of h.s,whicl> albeit I know he nothing fo'mucliliatefbjis croraulgatc , yet thus muihhaue I adueniuredvponbisfreiidSp^hhnftlfcbeirwfor bne «'me furte efcaunged , hoping .h.tt this will the rather occafon him,.o put firti, dium odier excelfent worksof hi J,vvh5ch flepe in filence.as hi; DreameslJs Leeend«! his CouitofCupid«,andfondryotheni whofecommendatiohs5ofer«St,w yf Eniiic (hall ftur vp any wrongfnlaecufifibnyJiftnd with your mighty Rheion^c &.otber your rare gifts of learnii^,as you can,& fliield with your good vvjl,as you ou^r,againft the malice and outrage offo manymemies^ I knoyv vviibe fccoiifire with the jjpark* of his kindled glory. And thus rec&nending the Author vntayou^ unto Iris moff fpe- cial goQd ft end, and my felf e vnto you both, as one nutcif^ finguler ;icc0unt of xr to fo very gQod'and lb' choilefrends,! bid you both moll hartely £u;v vel^ > and commit yon 4; your mod commendable ftudiesto the tuicion of the greavii ICour o'ifttt fijfuredljr to be comnraunHtdE. K.. foHfcr r\ /*OwItmftM.Haney,thatv{Kin(rghtor your(pcciallfrends'andfi'now Poets *y X. doingSjOr els for enuie offo many vnworthy Quidams,vvhich catdi at the gat* londjvvhichtoyoiuloneisdevye ,70uwinbeperrvTaded to pluck out qitheharcful daiknefle,diofc lbmanycscriuing Aaati the delired fonne^and alfo your (elfe^h fmootheringyoor delenicd ptay(b,and all men generally,in withholding from Acta Co cTiianc {deafives, whitjitfa^ mjo^ conceine of yourgallantEndi(hyerres,as they bane akeadydo^aofyourJ^cine Pbcmes, which in my opinion boM for inuention and Elocntioa are very delicate^d luperexceUcnt. And ^usagaincj takemyleaue ofm; good Mo^fier Harney . frommylodg^atLond^a thysio.of April!. 1579. fanmrye^. foh ARGVMENT. J "i^ this fyrU Mglogue Colin doute ap>epbearJes hoj campfametb him of his vnforttt»4te ltuej>ting butnetelj(^as femeth)enamoured of a (4tm- trie Ufie called Rofalinde: ttith "pbicb Bropz tffeilion being "ver^fore tra* ueUdfhe comparetb bis care full eafe to tbejaddeftifon oftbejeare,tothe fro!iieground,to the fro fen trtes.and to his ottne tfinttrheaten^ockg. Jtni iSiilye, fynding himfelfe rohhed of all former pleafdnnee and dttiebtsjieg breaJ{etb bis fipe inpeeces,and taHetb himfelfe totbegtouud, COLIN Cloute. Sbepc()eatDs(bope(no betteciioetiAn caH) toS^ti mimxi toaffful fpigtjt toas alraoft fpen^ an ina runnefi;ine Da!>,ai!iitD befall , !LeQ fi]^ ttte flocM&atbao bm lonsppnu. fi)o fapnt tbep too]te,anii ftcbic fa tbe fdoc, ^^^^^ ^battKHubmtetfteatbcfcfme coulotljjmbp&als, m m^z fi>&e«pe/a?6 tnag t^e Ojepebeaaa loo&e, JFo? pale ano toafine &e ujajf,(alas; tlje tobHe,) S^ap feeme be loin>,o? els fome wrebe woKc: mt^tm^ tie tnm^ijtj?ipe,ano (camedis tM£« .fanuaric^, Skxa im W^ plapnD, xkt bibtle bid lliepe t^ne (eUDp. IDe f&mtinmjSi&ti^i^t loners papitr, <3If Mp 08110 tbe paine of loners picie: ) Loo&e from abouejtntiere pou in topes remaine, Sdo (ioUx ponr4!ates bnto mp oolefiill ofttic. 9nti iPon t^u Il;epbearD0 (SoD,t&at once DioQ ioue, ]^itie t^e paineji, tfiat t^ou itp felfe oioff pjout. 90m Satteitt grbuini,lubome iuinters to^at^ liatd biaOcD, Src maDe a mp;r|)onr,to bebolQ inp plt^bt : tSl|}ilome t^p fteij} fp^mg Roturo, ano aRer badeft ^p fommer p^otuDe tut'tb Oaffaoilltes otgljt. SnD notu is tome t^p tupnters fio^mp Rate , Wm mantle marir,)nlicrein tbou maf-keoa (aie. &acb rage as tointers, rtigpet^ in mp Wxt^ H&fVXt iilouD frieftng )i>t(b iinhinDlp coId: ^ucti Qo^mp 9ourestio b^eenemp balefnd fmarc, ^S ifrnp peare tnere malt, ann tuoren oId. Qivesi pet a1as,but nouimp fp^ing begonne, 9nb pet alas,pt is alceaop oonne. 3^QttQfdteii-(cees,Ui|iore(|>ab^ leaues areloff, iCQlHeGeiQit^ i^jiDS toere moatto builo tbeir bab);e: Snfi naiu txi cIotljD tuitb molTe ant boarp froff, SfnQeiie of Uoormes,.\Dbpi;u>itb pour buna oio floture: 3iee pour t.eaces;tbat from pour boug^ettDoe raine, SUbofe D;ops ia b;crp pGcIcs rcmatne. an fo mp lufifull leaft IS o^pe ano fere, Sf^p timelp buDs initblua^ing all are ttafteo;. %\fi bIo(rome,uibtcb mp b^aunc^ of poutb nio Um% SCtitb b^eatbeo Iig^esis blotune atBap,9 blaaeo, 9nD ftoin mine epes ttie bMjItng ceares befcenbj fls on pour baugbcs tbc pQcIes tiepcnD. t^on feeble flodte,ttt)oiir1Ieere is rongfb «nb rent, 2a;ibofe knees m inea&e tti}on£^ r«a anb cniU fare; ipatS fanuarle^* foil ^t^Ht toieneCTe \ai\\ bp i^p in gouerncmenf, ^bp mapffers rntnn te ouercome uittb care, ^bou t»eake,3l manneicljou leane,3l quite fo^Ioine: miOi mounting ppne 31] pou toi^ ppning moncne* atboufanofit^eisSI cutfettiat carefitnijoteEr. iZtberetn 31 longD tbe neighbour totune to fee: SInD dte (enne ttiourano litbes 31 bUITe tbe aonre, aUbetettt 3i fabie To fap^e a Ggl}t,as Cbef' ^et anfo^iiatigdcrnclj Kg^t ^atb bjcD mp bane. Sb (SoDjtIjat loue (boulD bjeeDe bot& iop ano papne* 3!t t« not Hoblrinol tDbetrfo;e 31 plarne, Slbee mp ioue be ieeke uiit^ oaplp fuit: ^18 clomnifb gifta ano curtGep 31 oiroafnf, ll)id htooes J)is ct;ackneUcst,ano }}ii eatip fcuft* 31) foolifl; Hobhmol.t\i^ gpfts bene bapne: Colin tljetngwca lo ^falini againc 31 lone tlitlke Ia(re,CaIa9 tn^p ooe 3IIotte.' ) iano am foMp;ne, (alas lubp am 31 lo^ne.' ) @)bee oeigncsi not mp gooo ii>tll,but DotO rep;oue) Sivia of mptucall mtiflch boloetb fco^ne. ^bepljeacDs oeuife Q)e batetb as tbe fnahc, 9im laugljes tbe rongeSjtbat Colin chut Dotb make* ffSttierefoK nn> pppe,a{brc ruoe T