I - Warn - •■■■-:'■■■-■•'■■■ ■ L$-R?+ CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND GIVEN IN 1891 BY HENRY WILLIAMS SAGE oim 3 1924 °28 854 219 Overs Date Du< P »INTED | N Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924028854219 •••• — — ;~— >— ■^ -*~ ■ - — - ■■ < '— ^ . ^— *- , y— *- .- Portrait and . ^ --@*^ -BIOGRAPHICAL -♦ » -®- ^ >-% 5 OF I^oh|igh|, j\fopth|arriptoq * £ *\ * v9 > > > > * aqd ©arbor} ©our) ties, PENNSYLSiHNlH. Containing Biographical Sketches of Prominent •» hnd «■ Representative Sitizens of the Gounties, Together with Biographies and Portraits of all the Presidentsofthe United Sthtes. CHICAGO : CHAPMAN PUBLISHING CO. 1894. pi\Ep/l Tippecanoe. It was one of the first points of at- tack by the Indians, led by Tecumseh. Its garri- son consisted of a broken company of infantry, numbering fifty men, many of whom were sick. Early in the autumn of 18 12, the Indians, stealthily, and in large numbers, moved upon the fort. Their approach was first indicated by the murder of two soldiers just outside of thestockade. Capt. Taylor made every possible preparation to meet the anticipated assault. On the 4th of Sep- tember, a band of forty painted and plumed sav- ages came to the fort, waving a white flag, and informed Capt. Taylor that in the morning their chief would come to have a talk with him. It was evident that their object was merely to ascer- tain the state of things at the fort, and Capt. Taylor, well versed in the wiles of the savages, kept them at a distance. The sun went down; the savages disappeared; the garrison slept upon their arms. One hour before midnight the war-whoop burst from a thousand lips in the forest around, followed by the discharge of musketry and the rush of the foe. Every man, sick" and well, sprang to his post. Every man knew that defeat was not merely death, but, in the case of capture, death by the most agonizing and prolonged torture. No pen can describe, no imagination can conceive, the scenes which ensued. The savages succeeded in setting fire to one of the block-houses. Until six o'clock in the morning this awful conflict con- tinued, when the savages, baffled at every point and gnashing their teeth with rage, retired. Capt. Taylor, for this gallant defense, was pro- moted to the rank of Major by brevet. Until the close of the war, Maj. Taylor was placed in such situations that he saw but little more of active service. He was sent far away into the depths of the wilderness to Ft. Craw- ford, on Fox River, which empties into Green Bay. Here there was little to be done but to wear away the tedious hours as one best could. There were no books, no society, no intellectual stimulus. Thus with him the uneventful years rolled on. Gradually he rose to the rank of Colonel. In the Black Hawk War, which re- 64 ZACHARY TAYLOR. suited in the capture of that renowned chieftain, Col. Taylor took a subordinate, but a brave and efficient, part. For twenty-four years Col. Taylor was engaged in the defense of the frontiers, in scenes so re- mote, and in employments so obscure, that his name was unknown beyond the limits of his own immediate acquaintance. In the year 1836, he was sent to Florida to compel the Seminole Indi- ans to vacate that region, and retire beyond the Mississippi, as their chiefs by treaty had prom- ised they should do. The services rendered here secured for Col. Taylor the high appreciation of the Government, and as a reward he was ele- vated to the high rank of Brigadier- General by brevet, and soon after, in May, 1838, was ap- pointed to the chief command of the United States troops in Florida. After two years of wearisome employment amidst the everglades of the Peninsula, Gen. Tay- lor obtained, at his own request, a change of command, and was stationed over the Department of the Southwest. This field embraced Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama and Georgia. Establishing his headquarters at Ft. Jessup, in Louisiana, he removed his family to a plantation which he pur- chased near Baton Rouge. Here he remained for five years, buried, as it were, from the world, but faithfully discharging every duty imposed upon him.' In 1846, Gen. Taylor was sent to guard the land between the Nueces and Rio Grande, the latter river being the boundary of Texas, which was then claimed by the United States. Soon the war with Mexico was brought on, and at Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma, Gen. Taylor won brilliant victories over the Mexicans. The rank of Major-General by brevet was then conferred upon Gen. Taylor, and his name was received with enthusiasm almost everywhere in the na- tion. Then came the battles of Monterey and Buena Vista, in which he won signal victories over forces much larger than he commanded. The tidings of the brilliant victory of Buena Vista spread the wildest enthusiasm over the country. The name of Gen. Taylor was on every one's lips. The Whig party decided to take advantage of this wonderful popularity in bringing forward the unpolished, unlettered, hon- est soldier as their candidate for the Presidency. Gen. Taylor was astonished at the announce- ment, and for a time would not listen to it, de- claring that he was not at all qualified for such an office. So little interest had he taken in poli- tics, that for forty years he had not cast a vote. It was not without chagrin that several distin- guished statesmen, who had been long years in the public service, found their claims set aside in behalf of one whose name had never been heard of, save in connection with Palo Alto, Resaca de la Palma, Monterey and Buena Vista. It is said that Daniel Webster, in his haste, remarked, " It is a nomination not fit to be made." Gen. Taylor was not an eloquent speaker nor a fine writer. His friends took possession of him, and prepared such few communications as it was needful should be presented to the public. The popularity of the successful warrior swept the land. He was triumphantly elected over two opposing candidates, — Gen. Cass and Ex-Presi- dent Martin Van Buren. Though he selected an excellent cabinet, the good old man found himself in a very uncongenial position, and was at times sorely perplexed and harassed. His mental suf- ferings were very severe, and probably tended to hasten his death. The pro-slavery party was pushing its claims with tireless energy; expedi- tions were fitting out to capture Cuba; California was pleading for admission to the Union, while slavery stood at the door to bar her out. Gen. Taylor found the political conflicts in Washington to be far more trying to the nerves than battles with Mexicans or Indians. In the midst of all these troubles, Gen. Taylor, after he had occupied the Presidential chair but little over a year, took cold, and after a brief sickness of but little over five days, died, on the 9th of July, 1850. His last words were, "I am not afraid to die. I am ready. I have endeav- ored to do my duty." He died universally re- spected and beloved. An honest, unpretending man, he had been steadily growing in the affec- tions of the people, and the Nation bitterly la- mented his death. -ct-i oC ^Cc^t^L. 1sC7-0 MILLARD FILLMORE. V /IlIXARD FIJXMORE, thirteenth President Y of the United States, was born at Summer («J Hill, Cayuga County, N. Y., on the 7th of January, 1800. His father was a farmer, and, owing to misfortune, in humble circumstances. Of his mother, the daughter of Dr. Abiathar Millard, of Pittsfield, Mass., it has been said that she pos- sessed an intellect of a high order, united with much personal loveliness, sweetness of disposi- tion, graceful manners and exquisite sensibilities. She died in 1831, having lived to see her son a young man of distinguished promise, though she was not permitted to witness the high dignity which he finally attained. In consequence of the secluded home and limited means of his father, Millard enjoyed but slender advantages for education in his early years. The common schools, which he occasionally attended, were very imperfect institutions, and books were scarce and expensive. There was nothing then in his character to indicate the brilliant career upon which he was about to enter. He was a plain farmer's boy — intelligent, good-looking, kind-hearted. The sacred iufluences of home had taught him to revere the Bible, and had laid the foundations of an upright character. When fourteen years of age, his father sent him some hundred miles from home to the then wilds of Livingston County, to learn the trade of a clothier. Near the mill there was a small village, where some enterprising man had- commenced the col- lection of a village library. This proved an in- estimable blessing to young Fillmore. His even- ings were spent in reading. Soon every leisure moment was occupied with books. His thirst for knowledge became insatiate, and the selections which he made were continually more elevating and instructive. He read history, biography, oratory, and thus gradually there was enkindled in his heart a desire to be something more than a mere worker with his hands. The young clothier had now attained the age of nineteen years, and was of fine personal appear- ance and of gentlemanly demeanor. It so hap- pened that there was a gentleman in the neigh- borhood of ample pecuniary means and of benev- olence, — Judge Walter Wood, — who was struck with the prepossessing appearance of young Fill- more. He made his acquaintance, and was so much impressed with his ability and attainments that he advised him to abandon his trade and de- vote himself to the study of the law. The young man replied that he had no means of his own, no friends to help him, and that his previous edu- cation had been very imperfect. But Judge Wood had so much confidence in him that he kindly offered to take him into his own office, and to lend him such money as he needed. Most grate- fully the generous offer was accepted. There is in many minds a strange delusion about a collegiate education. A young man is supposed to be liberally educated if he has gradu- ated at some college. But many a boy who loi- ters through university halls and then enters a law office is by no means as well prepared to prosecute his legal studies as was Millard Fill- more when he graduated at the clothing-mill at the end of four years of manual labor, during which every leisure moment had been devoted to intense mental culture. In 1823, when twenty-three years of age, he was admitted to the Court of Common Pleas. He then went to the village of Aurora, and com- menced the practice of law. In this secluded, quiet region, his practice, of course, was limited, and there was no opportunity for a sudden rise in fortune or in fame. Here, in 1826, he married a lady of great moral worth, and one capable of MIIXARD FILLMORE. adorning any Station she might be called to fill, — Miss Abigail Powers. His elevation of character, his untiring industry, his legal acquirements, and his skill as an advo- cate, gradually attracted attention, and he was invited to enter into partnership, under highly ad- vantageous circumstances, with an elder member of the Bar in Buffalo. Just before removing to Buffalo, in 1829, he took his seat in the House of Assembly of the State of New York, as a Repre- sentative from Erie County. Though he had never taken a very active part in politics, his vote and sympathies were with the Whig party. The State was then Democratic, and he found himself in a helpless minority in the legislature; still the testimony comes from all parties that his courtesy, ability and integrity won, to a very unusual de- gree, the respect of his associates. In the autumn of 1832, he was elected to a seat in the United States Congress. He entered that troubled arena in the most tumultuous hours of our national history, when the great conflict respecting the national bank and the removal of the deposits was raging. His term of two years closed, and he returned to his profession, which he pursued with increas- ing reputation and success. After a lapse of two years he again became a candidate for Congress; was re-elected, and took his seat in 2837. His. past experience as a Representative gave him strength and confidence. The first term of service in Congress to any man can be but little more than an introduction. He was now prepared for active duty. All his energies were brought to bear upon the public good. Every measure re- ceived his impress. Mr. Fillmore wi. .; now a man of wide repute, and his popularity filled the State. In the year 1847, when he had attained the age of forty- seven years, he was elected Comptroller of the State. His labors at the Bar, in the legisla- ture, in Congress and as Comptroller, had given him very considerable fame. The Whigs were casting about to find suitable candidates for Presi- dent and Vice-President at the approaching elec- tion. Far away on the waters of the Rio Grande, there was a rough old soldier, who had fought one or two successful' battles with the Mexicans, which had caused his name to be proclaimed in trumpet-tpnes all over the land as a candidate for the presidency. But it was necessary to associate with him on the same ticket some man of repu- tation as a'statesman. Under the influence of these considerations, the names of Zachary Taylor and Millard Fillmore became the rallying-cry of the Whigs, as their candidates for President and Vice-President. The Whig ticket was signally triumphant. On the 4th of March, 1849, Gen. Taylor was inaugurated President, and Millard Fillmore Vice-President, of the United States. On the 9th of July, 1850, President Taylor, about one year and four months after his inaugura- tion, was suddenly taken sick and died. By the Constitution, Vice-President Fillmore thus be- came President. He appointed a very able cabi- net, of which the illustrious Daniel Webster was Secretary of State; nevertheless, he had serious difficulties to contend with, since the opposition had a majority in both Houses. He did all in his power to conciliate the South; but the pro-slavery party in the South felt the inadequacy of all measures of transient conciliation. The popula- tion of the free States was so rapidly increasing over that of the slave States, that it was inevitable that the power of the Government should soon pass into the hands of the free States. The fa- mous compromise measures were adopted under Mr. Fillmore's administration, and the Japan ex- pedition was sent out. On the 4th of March, !853, he, having served one term, retired. In 1856, Mr. Fillmore was nominated for the Presidency by the "Know-Nothing" party, but was beaten by Mr. Buchanan. After that Mr. Fillmore lived in retirement. During the terri- ble conflict of civil war, he was mostly silent. It was generally supposed that his sympathies were rather with those who were endeavoring to over- throw our institutions. President Fillmore kept aloof from the conflict, without any cordial words of cheer to one party or the other. He was thus forgotten by both. He lived to a ripe old age, and died in Buffalo, N. Y., March 8, 1874. FRANKLIN PIERCE. r"RANKUN PIERCE, the fourteenth Presi- Vy dent of the United States, was born in Hills- I f borough, N. H., November 23, 1804. His father was a Revolutionary soldier, who with his own strong arm hewed out a home in the wilder- ness. He was a man of inflexible integrity, of strong, though uncultivated, mind, and was an un- compromising Democrat. The mother of Frank- lin Pierce was all that a son could desire — an in- telligent, prudent, affectionate, Christian woman. Eranklin, who was the sixth of eight children, was a remarkably bright and handsome boy, generous, warm-hearted and brave. He won alike the love of old and young. The boys on the play-ground loved him. His teachers loved him. The neighbors looked upon him with pride and affection. He was by instinct a gentleman, always speaking kind words, and doing kind deeds, with a peculiar, unstudied tact which taught him what was agreeable. Without de- veloping any precocity of genius, or any unnatural devotion to books, he was a good scholar, and in body and mind a finely developed boy. When sixteen years of age, in the year 1820, he entered Bowdoin College, at Brunswick, Me. He was one of the most popular young men in the college. The purity of his moral character, the unvarying courtesy of his demeanor, his rank as a scholar, and genial nature, rendered him a universal favorite. There was something pe- culiarly winning in his address, and it was evi- dently not in the slightest degree studied — it was the simple outgushing of his own magnanimous and loving nature. Upon graduating, in the year 1824, Franklin Pierce commenced the study of law in the office of Judge Woodbury, one of the most distinguished lawyers of the State, and a man of great private worth. The eminent social qualities of the young lawyer, his father's prominence as a public man, and the brilliant political career into which Judge Woodbury was entering, all tended to entice Mr. Pierce into the fascinating yet perilous path of political life. With all the ardor of his nature he espoused the cause of Gen. Jackson for the Presi- dency. He commenced the practice of law in Hillsborough, and was soon elected to represent the town in the State legislature. Here he served for four years. The last two years he was chosen Speaker of the House by a very large vote. In 1833, at the age of twenty -nine, he was elected a member of Congress. In 1837, being then but thirty-three years old, he was elected to the Senate, taking his seat just as Mr. Van Buren commenced his administration. He was the youngest member in the Senate. In the year 1834, he married Miss Jane Means Appleton, a lady of rare beauty and accomplishments, and one admirably fitted to adorn every station with which her husband was honored. Of the three sons who were born to them, all now sleep with their par- ents in the grave. In the year 1838, Mr. Pierce, with growing fame and increasing business as a, lawyer, took up his residence in Concord, the capital of New Hampshire. President Polk, upon his accession to office, appointed Mr. Pierce Attorney-General of the United States; but the offer was declined in consequence of numerous professional engage- ments at home, and the precarious state of Mrs. Pierce's health. He also, about the same time, declined the nomination for Governor by the Democratic party. The war with Mexico called 72 FRANKLIN PIERCE. Mr. Pierce into the army. Receiving the appoint- ment of Brigadier-General, he embarked with a portion of his troops at Newport, R. I., on the 27th of May, 1847. He took an important part in this war, proving himself a brave and true sol- dier. When Gen. Pierce reached his home in his na- tive State, he was received enthusiastically by the advocates of the Mexican War, and coldly by his opponents. He resumed the practice of his pro- fession, very frequently taking an active part in political questions, giving his cordial support to the pro-slavery wing of the Democratic party. The compromise measures met cordially with his approval, and he strenuously advocated the en- forcement of the infamous Fugitive Slave Law, which so shocked the religious sensibilities of the North. He thus became distinguished as a ' ' Northern man with Southern principles. ' ' The strong partisans of slavery in the South conse- quently regarded him as a man whom they could safely trust in office to carry out their plans. On the 12th of June, 1852, the Democratic con- vention met in Baltimore to nominate a candidate for the Presidency. For four days they contin- ued in session, and in thirty -five ballotings no one had obtained a two-thirds vote. Not a vote thus far had been thrown for Gen. Pierce. Then the Virginia delegation brought forward his name. There were fourteen more ballotings, during which Gen. Pierce constantly gained strength, until, at the forty-ninth ballot, he received two hundred and eighty-two votes, and all other candidates eleven. Gen. Winfield Scott was the Whig can- didate. Gen. Pierce was chosen with great una- nimity. Only four States — Vermont, Massachu- setts, Kentucky and Tennessee — cast their elec- toral votes against him. Gen. Franklin Pierce was therefore inaugurated President of the United States on the 4th of March, 1853. His administration proved one of the most stormy our country had ever experienced. The controversy between slavery and freedom was then approaching its culminating point. It be- came evident that there was to be an irrepressible conflict between them, and that this nation could not long exist " half slave and half free." President Pierce, during the whole of his admin- istration, did everything he could to conciliate the South; but it was all in vain. The conflict every year grew more violent, and threats of the disso- lution of the Union were borne to the North on every Southern breeze. Such was the condition of affairs when Presi- dent Pierce approached the close of his four- years term of office. The North had become thoroughly alienated from him. The anti-slavery sentiment, goaded by great outrages, had been rapidly increasing; all the intellectual ability and social worth of President Pierce were forgotten in deep reprehension of his administrative acts. The slaveholders of the South also, unmindful of the fidelity with which he had advocated those meas- ures of Government which they approved, and perhaps feeling that he had rendered himself so unpopular as no longer to be able to accepta- bly serve them, ungratefully dropped him, and nominated James Buchanan to succeed him. On the 4th of March, 1857, President Pierce re- turned to his home in Concord. His three chil- dren were all dead, his last surviving child hay- ing been killed before his eyes in a railroad acci- dent; and his wife, one of the most estimable and accomplished of ladies, was rapidly sinking in consumption. * The hour of dreadful gloom soon came, and he was left alone in the world without wife or child. When the terrible Rebellion burst forth which divided our country into two parties, and two only, Mr. Pierce remained steadfast in the prin- ciples which he had always cherished, and gave his sympathies to that pro-slavery party with which he had ever been allied. He declined to do anything, either by voice or pen, to strengthen the hand of the National Government. He con- tinued to reside in Concord until the time of his death, which occurred in October, 1869. He was one of the most genial and social of men, an hon- ored communicant of the Episcopal Church, and one of the kindest of neighbors. Generous to a fault, he contributed liberally toward the allevia- tion of suffering and want, and many of his towns-people were often gladdened by his material bounty. {ZW-£4 n-€^7y^ JAMES BUCHANAN. 3 AMES BUCHANAN, the fifteenth President of the United States, was born in a small frontier town, at the foot of the eastern ridge of the Alleghanies, in Franklin County, Pa., on the 23d of April, 1791. The place where the humble cabin home stood was called Stony Bat- ter. His father was a native of the north of Ire- land, who had emigrated in 1783, with little prop- erty save his own strong arms. Five years after- ward he married Elizabeth Spear, the daughter of a respectable farmer, and, with his young bride, plunged into the wilderness, staked his claim, reared his log hut, opened a clearing with his axe, and settled down there to perform his obscure part in the drama of life. When James was eight years of age, his father removed to the village of Mercersburg, where his son was placed at school, and commenced a course of study in English, Latin and Greek. His progress was rapid, and at the age of fourteen he entered Dickinson Col- lege, at Carlisle. Here he developed remarkable talent, and took his stand among the first scholars in the institution. In the year rSo"> he graduated with the high- est honors of his class. He was then eighteen years of age; tall and graceful, vigorous in health, fond of athletic sports, an unerring shot, and en- livened with an exuberant flow of animal spirits. He immediately commenced the study of law in the city of Lancaster, and was admitted to the Bar in 18 12, when he was bu>. twenty-one years of age. In 1820, he reluctantly consented to run as a candidate for Congress. He was elected, and for ten years he remained a member of the Lower House. During the vacations of Congress, he occasionally tried some important case. In 183 1 he retired altogether from the toils of his profes- sion, having acquired an ample fortune. Gen. Jackson, upon his elevation to the Presi- dency, appointed Mr. Buchanan Minister to Rus- sia. The duties of his mission he performed with ability, and gave satisfaction to all parties. Upon his return, in 1833, ne was elected to a seat in the United States Senate. He there met as his associates Webster, Clay, Wright and Cal- houn. He advocated the measures proposed by President Jackson, of making reprisals against France to enforce the payment of our claims against that country, and defended the course of the President in his unprecedented and wholesale removal from office of those who were not the supporters of his administration. Upon this question he was brought into direct collision with Henry Clay. He also, with voice and vote, ad- vocated expunging from the journal of the Senate the vote of censure against Gen. Jackson for re- moving the deposits. Earnestly he opposed the abolition of slavery in the District of Columbia, and urged the prohibition of the circulation of anti-slavery documents by the United States mails. As to petitions on the subject of slavery, he advocated that they should be respectfully re- ceived, and that the reply should be returned that Congress had no power to legislate upon the subject. "Congress," said he, "might as well undertake to interfere with slavery under a for- eign government as in any of the States where it now exists. ' ' Upon Mr. Polk's accession to the Presidency, Mr. Buchanan became Secretary of State, and as such took his share of the responsibility in the 7 6 JAMES BUCHANAN. conduct of the Mexican War. Mr. Polk assumed that crossing the Nueces by the American troops into the disputed territory was not wrong, but for the Mexicans to cross the Rio Grande into Texas was a declaration of war. No candid man can read with pleasure the account of the course our Government pursued in that movement. Mr. Buchanan identified himself thoroughly with the party devoted to the perpetuation and extension of slavery, and brought all the energies of his mind to bear against the Wilmot Proviso. He gave his cordial approval to the compromise measures of 1850, which included the Fugitive Slave Law. Mr. Pierce, upon his election to the Presidency, honored Mr. Buchanan with the mis- sion to England. In the year 1856, a national Democratic Con- vention nominated Mr. Buchanan for the Presi- dency. The political conflict was one of the most severe in which our country has ever engaged. All the friends of slavery were on one side; all the advocates of its restriction and final abolition on the other. Mr. Fremont, the candidate of the enemies of slavery, received one hundred and fourteen electoral votes. Mr. Buchanan received one hundred and seventy-four, and was elected. The popular vote stood 1,340,618 for Fremont, 1,224,750 for Buchanan. On March 4, 1857, the latter was inaugurated. Mr. Buchanan was far advanced in life. Only four years were wanting to fill up his three-score years and ten. His own friends, those with whom he had been allied in political principles and action for years, were seeking the destruc- tion of the Government, that they might rear upon the ruins of our free institutions a nation whose corner-stone should be human slavery. In this emergency, Mr. Buchanan was hopelessly bewildered. He could not, with his long-avowed principles, consistently oppose the State Rights party in their assumptions. As President of the United States, bound by his oath faithfully to administer the laws, he could not, without per- jury of the grossest kind, unite with those en- deavoring to overthrow the Republic. He there- fore did nothing. The opponents of Mr. Buchanan's administra- tion nominated Abraham Lincoln as their stand- ard-bearer in the next Presidential canvass. The pro-slavery party declared that if he were elected and the control of the Government were thus taken from their hands, they would secede from the Union, taking with them as they retired the National Capitol at Washington and the lion's share of the territory of the United States. As the storm increased in violence, the slave- holders claiming the right to secede, and Mr. Buchanan avowing that Congress had no power to prevent it, one of the most pitiable exhibitions of governmental imbecility was exhibited that the world has ever seen. He declared that Congress had no power to enforce its laws in any State which had withdrawn, or which was attempting to withdraw, from the Union. This was not the doctrine of Andrew Jackson, when, with his hand upon his sword-hilt, he exclaimed: "The Union must and shall be preserved!" South Carolina seceded in December, i860, nearly three months before the inauguration of President Lincoln. Mr. Buchanan looked on in listless despair. The rebel flag was raised in Charleston; Ft. Sumter was besieged; our forts, navy-yards and arsenals were seized; our depots of military stores were plundered, and our cus- tom-houses and post-offices were appropriated by the rebels. The energy of the rebels and the imbecility of our Executive were alike marvelous. The na- tion looked on in agony, waiting for the slow weeks to glide away and close the administration, so terrible in its weakness. At length the long- looked-for hour of deliverance came, when Abra- ham Lincoln was to receive the scepter. The administration of President Buchanan was certainly the most calamitous our country has ex- perienced. His best friends can not recall it with pleasure. And still more deplorable it is for his fame, that in that dreadful conflict which rolled its billows of flame and blood over our whole land, no word came from his lips to indicate his wish that our country's banner should triumph over the flag of the Rebellion. He died at his Wheatland retreat, June 1 , 1868. kP— G^-l g/\f-ts**'