c hi CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY GIFT OF C. U. Medical Society '\ i- ml f 'Wc HMIilW 5^* *•« 4li4"->,i.'^'^' Cornell University Library F 234A7 081 Story of Arlington. A history and descri olin 3 1924 028 786 536 Cornell University Library The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924028786536 The Story of Arlington. A History and Description of the Estate and National Cemetery, Containing a Complete List of Officers of the Army and Navy interred there, with Biographical Sketches of Heroes of the Civil and Spanish Wars, and Notable Memorial Addresses and Poems, JOHN BALL OSBORNE, A. M., Member of the Society of Sons of the Revolution, Military Order of the Loyal Legion, Columbia Historical Society, Etc. With Illustrations and Map. DuUe et Decorum est fro Patria Mori. Washington, D. C, 1899. f Copyright, 1899, by John Ball Osborne. All Rights Reserved. Press ol John F. Shelry, 623 D Street, N. W. PREFATORY NOTE. No grander theme than Arlington can engage the pen of any one, My interest was aroused and the preparation of this work prompted by the fact that my brother, an officer of the United States Army and a hero of Santiago, sacrificed his life in the War with Spain and was laid to rest at Arlington. At the expense of great labor and careful research , I have endeavored to present an authentic history of the estate and National Cemetery. I gratefully acknowledge my obligations to Col. James M. Moore, Assistant Quartermaster-General, U. S. A. , and Col. Theodore E. True, Depot Quartermaster at Washington, who gave me access to the records of their offices, thus enabling me to obtain much valuable and hitherto unpublished material, including the list of the officers of the Army and Navy buried at Arlington. I am also indebted for courtesies and assistance to Col. Stevens T. Norvell, TJ. S. A., retired; Col. Benjamin F. Hawkes, Col. William H. Michael, Maj. A. B. Drum, Superintendent of Arlington Cemetery; Hon. Arthur P. Gree- ley, Dr. Samuel C. Busey, Dr. 8. E. Lewis, Mr. Victor L. Mason, Mr. Charles E. Miller, Mr. John H. Hood, and Mr. B. P. Murray— all of Washington, D. C. J. B. O. Washington, D. C, September 20, 1899. CONTENTS. PAGE Introduction ^ Chapter I. The Custis Family of Virginia 7 Chapteb II. George Washington Parke Custis, Master of Arlington House 13 Chapter III. EobertE. Lee at Arlington 21 Chapter IV. The National Military Cemetery of Arlington 28 Chapter V. Sheridan and Porter 37 Chapter VI. Prominent Oflaeers of the Civil War Buried at Arlington.. 4-1 Chapter VII. Eminent Oflaeers of the Navy Buried at Arlington 54 Chapter VIII. Arlington's Heritage from the Spanish-American War. Officers of the Army who Sacrificed Their Lives, and Incidents Con- nected with Their Deaths 58 Chapter IX. Sad Aftermath of the Spanish-American War 68 Chapter X. Decoration Day at Arlington 74 Chapter XI. Famous Memorial Tributes Preserved at Arlington 83 Chapter XII. Complete List of Officers of the Army and Navy Interred at Ar- lington, Showing Their Highest Bank in the Begular or Volunteer Service, Date of Death, and Number of Cemetery Lot or Grave. Colored Soldiers. Confederate Soldiers 90 ILLUSTRATIONS. FACINa PAGE Portrait of George Washington Parke Custis, Esq Frontispiece The Mansion at Arlington 14 The Ord and Weitzel Gate 22 The Tomb of the Unknown and the Temple of Fame 30 The Sheridan Monument 38 View of the Officers' Section 46 The Sheridan Gate 62 Final Interment of Martyrs of the Spanish-American War at Arlington, April 6, 1899 70 The McClellan Gate 78 Graves of the Boys in Blue 86 Map 106 Note,— Arlington Cemetery is about four miles distant from the Executive Mansion at Washington, and is open to the public daily, including Sundays, from sunrise to sunset. It may be reached from Washington by either one of two electric railways. The trains of the Washington, Alexandria & Mt. Vernon Railway leave the station, Pennsylvania avenue and Thirteen-and-a-Half street, northwest, every hour, cross the Long Bridge, and land passengersat the Sheri- dan Sate. The other route is by street railway to Union Station, Georgetown, and thence by omnibus transfer across the Aqueduct Bridge to the station of the Washington, Arlington & Falls Church Railway, where a car leaves every half hour for Arlington (Fort Myer Gate). For schedules, see daily newspapers of Washington. INTRODUCTION. SIGNIFICANCE OF ARLINGTON. The Tisitor to the National Capital who, on a bright spring day, gazes admiringly from the summit of the loftiest of monuments upon the City of Magnificence with its beautiful environs spread out before him, will remark, as his eye scans the Virginia shore of the placid Potomac, the gleaming pillars of a classic structure perched amid luxuriant foliage upon the crest of a distant height, fully two hundred feet above the river. This is the mansion at Arlington — a name synonymous with deathless patriotism and graven upon the hearts of more Americans than that of any other spot on the globe. Indeed, not even hallowed Mount Vernon is so rich in historic associations, for Arlington is at once the old home of the adopted son of George Washington, who, with tender recollections of the personality of that illustrious man, linked the past with the present century ; the former home of the principal actor in the drama of the "Lost Cause," and as such endeared to all Southerners ; the last resting-place of thousands of heroic defenders of the Union, and therefore cherished at countless firesides in every Northern State ; and, finally, the eternal bivouac of hundreds of gallant martyrs of our recent war for sufiiering humanity, by whose solemn advent Arlington has been consecrated anew as a truly National Cemetery. GEORGE WASHINGTON PARKE CUSTIS, Adopted Son of George Washington. This Portrait, Hitherto Unpublished, is from a Photograph of Mr. CusTis at the Age of 73 Years, Taken at Arlington House in 1854 by Col. B. f, Hawkes of Washington. CHAPTER I. THE CUSTIS FAMILY OF VIRGINIA. " I hear the tread of pioneers Of nations yet to be, The first low wash of waves where soon Shall roll a human sea." Whittiee. Early Proprietors of Arlington— The Four Johns— An Uncharitable Epitaph— Daniel Parke Custis— John Parke Custis- George and Nelly Custis, the "Children of Mount Vernon." The present estate of Arlington, Alexandria County, Virginia, originally formed part of a grant of 6,000 acres of land made October 21, 16(59, by Sir William Berkeley, Governor of Vir- ginia, to Eobert Howsen, as a reward for the latter's services in bringing a number of settlers into the colony.. Howsen evidently estimated the patent of small value, for he soon disposed of the entire tract to John Alexander for six hogsheads of tobacco. The property remained in the Alexander family until December 25, 1778, when Gerald Alexander conveyed the Arlington por- tion, consisting of about 1,100 acres, to John Parke Custis, the consideration being £11,000, Virginia currency. The descend- ants of Custis continued in possession until the occupation of the estate by the United States Government, shortly after the out- break of the War of the Rebellion. The colonial home of the Custis family was in Northampton County, on the Eastern Shore of Virginia. Four, in lineal suc- cession, bore the name of John Custis. The pioneer, who had been a popular tavern-keeper in Rotterdam, Holland, settled oo' the Eastern Shore prior to the year 1640. He had a son John,, who became prominent in civil and military affairs, being a major-general in 1676, during Bacon's Rebellion. The latter received from his wife a valuable estate in Northampton County^ 8 The Story of Arlington which he named "Arlington,"* in honor of Henry, Earl of Arlington, to whom, in connection with Lord Culpepper, Charles II made a grant, in 1673, of the whole of Virginia. General Custis' only son, John, was a member of the King's Council of Virginia in 1704, and also left a son John. John Custis, fourth of the name, was educated in England, became King's Councilor, and married Frances, the proud daughter of Col. Daniel Parke, a native of Virginia, soldier under the Duke of Marlborough at the battle of Blenheim, and afterwards Governor of the Leeward Islands. Their married life was brief and unhappy, being disturbed by frequent wordy quarrels, in which Mrs. Custis, having the longer tongue, gen- erally came off victorious. After a few years of misery, she died of smallpox, leaving two children, a son and a daughter. The widower, far from grieving, had the extreme bad taste to strive to perpetuate his domestic infelicity in a self-composed epitaph which still reveals to the world the family skeleton. Upon his death, which occurred about 1750, his son, Daniel Parke Custis, in conformity with the explicit directions of the paternal will and under pain of disinheritance, erected over his grave in Northampton County a marble sarcophagus, about five feet high and six feet long, made in London at a cost of £500, and bearing the following curious inscription :t Under this marble tomb lies the body of the Hon. John Custis, Esq., of the city of Williamsburg, and Parish of Burton. Formerly of Hungar's Parish, on the Eastern Shore of Virginia, and County of Northampton, * Almost without exception, historians in treating of Arlington on the Potomac have, by confusing it with the older estate of the same name, fallen into the error of making it the home of several of the earlier generations of the Custis family who probably never even set foot upon the place. Authorities consulted : Recol- lections of Washington, etc., by G.W. P. Custis (1860) ; Old Churches, Ministers, and Families of Virginia, by Wm. Meade, D. D. (1872); works of Benson J. Lossing, and publications of the Virginia Historical Society relating to the Custis genealogy. t Historical Collections of Virginia, by Henry Howe (1845). The Oustis Family Aged 71 years, and yet lived but seven years, which was the space of time he kept a Bachelor's home at Arlington, on the Eastern Shore of Virginia. On the opposite side one reads: This inscription put on this tomb was by his own positive orders. Wm. Cosley Man, in Fenchurch-street, fecit, London. Daniel Parke Custis' chief claim to fame lies in the alliance which he contracted in June, 1749, with Martha Dandridge, the future Lady "Washington. She was the eldest daughter of Col. John Dandridge of Williamsburg, where Governor William Gooch resided, and was one of the belles of the gay little vice- regal court. It is related that stern old John Custis at first vig- orously objected to his son's choice, but was finally reconciled by the charming manners of the fascinating bride, and ended by giving the couple his "White House" farm on the Pamunkey River, New Kent County, for a home. Daniel Parke Custis was an extensive tobacco planter and died in 1757 at the age of about forty-five years, leaving a large estate (exceeding f 100,000 in value) to his wife and two children, John Parke and Martha Parke Custis. On January 6 (O. S.), 1759, the widow Custis became the wife of Col. George Washington, the hero of Braddock's Field. The wedding was celebrated at the " White House, " and after a honeymoon of three months spent at that place, the couple with the two children, took up their residence at Mount Vernon. Washington promptly assumed the guardian- ship of the children, who were then aged about six and three years, respectively. Concerning the younger, Martha Parke Custis, little is known. She was of a brunette type of beauty, being styled by visitors "the dark lady," and died of consump- tion at Mount Vernon in 1773, in her seventeenth year. 10 The Story of Arlington John Parke Custis, familiarly known as "Jacky" Custis^ grew up at Mount Vernon a rather wild and wayward youth with a propensity for fox-hunting and similar sports which caused Washington no little anxiety. While he was being edu- cated by Doctor Boucher, an Episcopal clergyman of Annapolis, the General wrote to that gentleman as follows:* "According to appointment Jacky Custis now returns to An- napolis. His mind is a good deal released from Study and more than ever turned to Dogs, Horses, and Guns; indeed, upon Dress and equipage, which till of late, he has discovered little Inclina- tion of giving into. I must beg the favor of you, therefore, to keep him close to those useful branches of Learning which he ought now to be acquainted with, and as much as possible under your own Eye." At the age of eighteen, Custis entered Kings (now Columbia) College at New York, but remained only three months. On February 3, 1774, he married Eleanor Calvert, aged sixteen, the daughter of Benedict Calvert of Mount Airy, Md., and a descend- ant of Lord Baltimore. Custis and his bride made their home at Abingdon, an estate on Four Mile Run, midway between Alexandria and the future city of Washington. John Parke Custis had four children, namely: (1) Elizabeth Parke Custis (born August, 1776), who married Thomas Law of Washington, a brother of Lord Ellenborough and possessor of a large fortune amassed in the East Indies; (2) Martha Parke Custis (born December, 1777), who married Thomas Peter of Washington, also very wealthy; (3) Eleanor Parke Custis (born March, 1779), who married Maj. Lawrence Lewis, a favorite nephew of General Washington; and (4) George Washington Parke Custis (born April 30, 1781), who inherited Arlington estate from his father and was the first member of the family to occupy it. All of these children were born at Abingdon with the exception of the son, who was born on the Calvert estate at Mount Airy. *"Waslimgton to Rev. Jonathan Boucher, December 16, 1770. The Custis Family IX During the latter part of the Eevolution, John Parke Custis served as aid on the stafF of his stepfather, and at the siege of Yorktown was stricken with camp-fever and removed to Colonel Basset's home at Eltham (thirty miles distant) where he expired on November 5, 1781, at the age of twenty-eight, thus atoning by a patriot's death for all his youthful follies. Washington, who had arrived at Eltham just in time to wit- ness the death of Colonel Custis, at once announced his intention -of adopting the two younger children and, accordingly, Eleanor, aged two and a half years, and George, aged six months, became members of his family, retaining, however, their own family name, just as had their father and aunt under similar circum- stances. They passed their youth at Mount Vernon and at in- tervals in the presidential mansion at New York and then at Philadelphia, and were a great comfort to the childless Wash- ington in his declining years.* Eleanor, or Nelly, as she was commonly called, was a beautiful girl and dutiful enough, notwith- -standing that she preferred riding spirited colts to practicing five hours a day upon her harpsichord ; while, as for her brother, he was the enfant gdte of the household, hopelessly spoiled by an indulgent grandmother. The defects in his training became ap- parent during his attendance at Princeton and at Annapolis Col- lege, where he displayed a deplorable lack of industry and settled purpose. Washington wrote several letters of wholesome advice to the young man which have been preserved ; one of these — the last of the series — closes thus : f "And let me exhort you, in solemn terms, to keep steadily in mind the purposes and the end for which you were sent to the seminary you are now placed at, and not disappoint the hopes which have been entertained from your going thither, by doing which you will ensure the friendship, &c., of "Go. Washington." *For an entertaining account of the Ufe of the Custis children at Mount Ver- non, see article by Constance Cary Harrison on "Washington at Mount Vernon after the Revolution, " in the Century for April, 1889. t Washington to G. W. P. Castis, May 10, 1798. 12 The Story of Arlington There is no doubt that Washington intended that his adopted son should become prominent in the councils of the nation, and although before he died he recognized that his expectations could never be fully realized, he retained sufficient confidence in the young man to name him as one of the executors of his will. But Custishad not the slightest ambition to shine as a statesman, and chose instead the indolent life of a wealthy gentleman-farmer. The halcyon days at Mount Vernon finally came to an end ; the illustrious master passed away on the 14th of Decem.ber, 1799, and was followed by his devoted wife on May 21, 1802.* The family circle was thus broken up forever; the homestead became the property of Justice Bushrod Washington, a nephew of General Washington, and George Washington Parke Custis sought a new home. * It Is a curious fact that the date of Mrs. Washington's death is erroneously given as 1801 on her tomb at Mount Vernon. George Washington Parke Ousiis 13 CHAPTEE II. GEORGE WASHINGTON PARKS CUSTIS, MASTER OF ARLINGTON HOUSE. "That best portion of a good mau's life — His little, nameless, unremembered acts Of kindness and of love." WOBDSWORTH. Removal to Arlington — Erection of the Mansion— Eelics from Mount Vernon— War Tent of General Washington— The Sheep- shearings— Picnics at Arlington Spring— Character of Mr. Custis— His Public Speeches- Accompanies Lafayette to the Tomb of Wash- ington—His Literary and Artistic Pursuits— His Death and Last Will. At the time of his grandmother's death, George Washington Parke Custis had just attained his twenty-first birthday and was one of the wealthiest men in Virginia, having come into posses- sion of extensive estates inherited from his father and from Washington. In easting about for a future home, he naturally selected the Arlington estate, because of its admirable situation and convenience to Alexandria, Georgetown, and especially the city of Washington, which two years before had become the permanent seat of the National Government. Mr. Custis accord- ingly determined to build for himself a splendid mansion upon the crest of Arlington's forest-clad hills, commanding an unrivaled prospect of the infant capital and surrounding country, where he could devote his attention to quiet pursuits while living in elegant seclusion as a spectator rather than a participant in the affairs of the nation. The only house upon the estate at that time was an unpre- tentious dwelling (since demolished) which stood in a clearing near the river, a mile to the eastward of the present mansion ; it had been erected about 1725, and was the home of several genera- 14 The Story of Arlington tions of the Alexander family. On removing from Mount Ver- non Mr. Custis occupied this humble residence, and at once began the construction of Arlington House, after plans drawn for the most part by himself. When completed in 1803,* the mansion presented an imposing appearance, which remains little changed. It is built of brick (burned on the premises under Custis' supervision), plastered and painted drab, and has a frontage of 140 feet, including the main building of two stories and a low wing on either side. But the salient feature of the architecture is the grand portico modeled after the Temple of Theseus at Athens (or, according to others, the Temple of Psestum, near Naples). It covers the entire front of the central structure, being sixty feet wide and twenty-five feet deep and uplifted by eight massive, Doric columns. A broad hall runs through the middle of the house. To the right (enter- ing from the portico) were the dravnng-room, dining-room, and small sitting-rooms ; on the other side of the hallway are two connecting rooms which Mr. Custis used in later years as a studio and which were finished off as parlors in 1858. The small room beyond these was the library. The upper story of the mansion was given up to sleeping apartments. f At the age of twenty-three, Mr. Custis married Mary Lee Fitzhugh, aged sixteen, a descendant of the Randolphs of Vir- ginia, and installed her as mistress of the newly-completed Arlington House, which he had meanwhile furnished and filled with tieasures brought from Mount Vernon — portraits, plate, and other heirlooms of the Custis and Parke families, besides scores of precious relics of the Father of our Country. Among the latter were the bed upon which Washington died, the marquee *In 1897, the United States Goverument placed in the hallway at Arlington House two mural metallic tablets containing a brief history of the estate and cemetery. One of them states that "the construction of the mansion was com- menced in 1804, but was not completed until after the War of 1812." Nevertheless, the writer believes that his statements in the text on this point are correct. fThe only rooms now open to inspection are the unfurnished ones on the ground floor, to the left of the hali, the remainder of the house b«lng ocrupied by The Superintendent of Cemetery and family. George Washington Parke Custis 15 and sleeping-tent occupied by him during the Revolution, his camp-chest, Charles Wilson Peale's portrait of him as a Virginia oolonel (1772), profile portrait of him by Sharpless, his sideboard, ohairs, tea-table, silver tea-set and tray, china punch-bowl, por- tions of sets of china presented to him by the Society of the Cincinnati and the French officers, the imported harpsichord which he gave as a bridal present to Nelly Custis, hall lantern, silver candlesticks, vases, and numerous minor articles.* The "Tent of Washington" was the treasure which Mr. Cus- tis valued most highly. This weather-beaten and martial-worn relic, from the day in July, 1775, when it was first pitched at Cambridge, until after the British surrendered at Yorktown, in October, 1781, had been the silent witness of the greatest events of the Revolution and the scene of many an important council of war between the commander-in-chief and his generals, and finally, after Cornwallis had been received within it as a guest as well as a prisoner, it was folded up, «s its owner supposed, forever. But this was by no means the end of its usefulness ; for whenever Mr. Custis wished to show especial honor to distin- guished guests, it was pitched upon his lawn for their reception, and in a few instances was employed as an instrument of charity, when thousands paid liberally for the privilege of sitting beneath it. It is related that two churches were built with the pro- ceeds of its exhibition. t During General Lafayette's farewell visit to the United States, on the occasion of his reception at the Capitol at Washington, October 12, 1824, the same "Pretor- ium of Valor" was set up in the rotunda and awakened in the venerable hero the most touching memories of his departed commander and friend. J Now we may behold it in a glass *See article entitled "Arlington House, the Seat of G. W. P. Custis, Esq.," by Benson J. Losslng, In Harper's for September, 1853. t" Arlington House, the Seat of G. W. F. Custis, Esq.," by Benson J. Losslng In Marper's for September, 1853. X Lafayette was welcomed at the Capitol as the " Nation's guest." The National Intelligencer of October 14, 1821, states that on leaving the rotunda the General " passed under the venerable tent of Washington, also filled with ladies. Revolu- tionary officers, and other gentlemen. " At the east portico he was received by 16 The Story of Arlington case in the National Museum — folded up in earnest.* Mr. Custis began his career at Arlington by inaugurating a laudable movement for the promotion of agriculture and domes- tic manufactures. He purchased a flock of imported Merino sheep, and in 1803 instituted an annual convention at Arlington of all those interested in sheep-husbandry and kindred subjects. These gatherings — known as the "Arlington sheep-shearings" — were regularly held for many years, on the 30th of April (Custis' birthday), upon the lawn beside a famous spring in the vicinity of the river, and were largely attended by farmers and inhabitants of the neighboring towns, as well as statesmen who favored the imposition of a protective customs duty on woolen goods. Toasts were drunk, patriotic speeches made, and prizes contributed by Custis (who always presided in the capacity' of host) were distributed for the best exhibits of sheep, wool, and domestic fabrics. It is said that this was the first instance in America of the offering of premiums for such objects.f Mr. Custis' flock of Merinos was gradually destroyed by thieves and dogs until finally only two animals remained, and in consequence the annual "shearings" were abandoned. During the "forties" and early " fifties " Arlington Spring was the resort of thousands of visitors from Washington and the Mayor ana Corporation of Washington and presented with an address, to "Which he made a graceful response. « Many of the Washington relics at Arlington House came into possession of the War Department after the departure of the Lees, and by order of Secretary Stan- ton were transferred in 1802 to the Interior Department and placed on exhibition in the Patent Office. Mrs. Robert E. Lee wrote to President Johnson, February 10, 1869, requesting that these articles be returned to her, and on the 24th the Sec- retary of the Interior replied that the President had directed their restoration to her on due identification. The House of Representatives, however, inter- vened, and passed a resolution, March 1, 1869, directing the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds to inquire into the legal authority for the proposed transfer. It doesnot clearly appear that Mrs. Lee received any of the relics In question ; at any rate, some of them now form part of the Washington collection In the National Museum, where they were transferred in 18S3. .The bedstead on which Washington died, harpsichord, sideboard, hall lantern, and a few minor relics formerly at Arlington have been restored to Mount Vernon. tin ISOr, James Madison, then Secretary of State, wrote to Mr. Custis, highly commending his public-spirited efforts for the promotion of American industries. George Washington Parke Ousiis 17 Georgetown ; in fact, during the pleasant season of 1 852 at least 20,000 persons journeyed thither for a day's outing. For the gratuitous use of the public Mr. Custis generously erected a kitchen and dining and dancing pavilions near the, spring, as well as a boat-wharf on the river, the only restriction being that the sale of intoxicating liquors was forbidden and the grounds were closed to the public on Sundays. A Washington gentle- man informs the writer that when a boy his Sabbath-school held an annual picnic at Arlington Spring, and often on those occa- sions, in the midst of the merriment, a rather shabby little old man with angular features and thin gray hair would come down the hillside from the mansion, violin in hand, and amuse the children by the hour with his skilful playing ; this was the master of Arlington House — modest, charitable, and beloved by every one, and so kind-heai-ted that he would patiently sit on the uncomfortable edge of a chair rather than disturb a pet cat which had prior possession. Mr. Custis was extremely hospitable, and never so happy as when his spacious house was overflowing with guests. A little incident, related to the writer by a venerable dame who made one of a gay party of young lady guests in his delightful home a half century ago, will illustrate the generous gallantry of Mr. Custis. He was engaged one day in showing the visitors some of his relics from Mount Vernon and explaining their history. One of the girls looked so long and covetously at a dainty French miniature which had been presented to Washington by a foreign admirer that the host finally told her she might have it; but only those who understood the depths of his reverence for his foster-father appreciated what heartfelt pangs the young lady's prompt acceptance of the memento must have caused the old gentleman. Reared under the influence of the rigorous standards of the Father of our Country, Mr. Custis had the most exalted ideas of patriotism and public virtue, and was rather disposed to regard these qualities as synonymous with Federalism, especially the 18 The Story oj Arlington Federalism of the Washington administrations, which, he was sure, would always represent the golden era in American history. Consequently, he had no sympathy with Jeffersonian innovations. He was considerable of an orator, but except at the " sheep- shearings " and an occasional funeral, rarely displayed his ability. Perhaps his most eloquent effort was at the funeral ceremonies held at Georgetown in September, 1812, in memory of Gen. James M. Lingan, a Revolutionary hero who had been killed by a political mob in Baltimore on July 28, 1812. The following characteristic passage from that oration exhibits Mr. Custis' intense partisan pride and his weakness for high-sounding rhetoric : " The spirit of Federalism rises from the tomb of Mount Ver- non ; and when, my country shall bend under the storms of adversity, the children of Washington will show 'their generous nature;' but should those storms rock Liberty's temple to its base, then will the Sampson of Federalism grasp the pillars, and in his expiring struggles perish with Liberty in Liberty's ruins." One of the most memorable episodes in Mr. Custis' career was the visit which he paid, on October 17, 1824, to the tomb of Washington, in company with General Lafayette and John C. Calhoun, Secretary of War.* Arriving at the old vault at Mount Vernon, Custis, in the following words, presented the illustrious Frenchman with a ring containing a lock of Wash- ington's hair : " Last of the generals of the Army of Independence ! At this awful and impressive moment, when, forgetting the splendor of a triumph greater than Roman consul ever had, you bend with reverence over the remains of Washington, the child of Mount Vernon presents you with this token, containing the hair of him whom, while living, you loved, and to whose honored grave you now pay the manly and affecting tribute of a patriot's and a soldier's tear." Lafayette was quite overcome with emotion; he received the ring, pressed it to his bosom, and briefly replied : *An interestiDg account of this event appeared in the JYational Intelligencer (Washington) of October 26, 1824. George Washington Parhe Custis 19 " The feelings which, at this awful moment, oppress my heart do not leave the power of utterance. I can only thank you, my dear Custis, for your precious gift, and pay a silent homage to the tomb of the greatest and best of men, my paternal friend." In January, 1825, Lafayette was a guest at Arlington for several days, exchanging recollections of Washington with Mr. Custis, whom he stated he had first seen in 1784, on the portico at Mount Vernon, " a very little gentleman, with a feather in his hat, holding fast to one finger of the good general's remarkable hand." For many years, on Washington's birthday, Mr. Custis con- tributed to the National Intelligencer an article containing remi- niscences of his illustrious foster-father.* Almost the only other literary work which he accomplished consisted of two or three hastily constructed plays. Concerning one of these, written in 1833 for a theatrical manager of Baltimore, he wrote his wife that it was — "A two-act piece, with two songs and a finale, called North Point, or Baltimore Defended, the whole completed in nine hours. It is to be played to-night. To-morrow I shall hear of its success. The principal female character is called Marietta ; runs away from her father, disguised as a rifle-boy, etc., etc." When Mr. Custis had passed his seventieth year he took up painting as an amusement, and conceived the ambition to depict on gigantic canvasses the principal scenes of the Revolution as so often described to him by prominent participants, many of whom had been his guests at Arlington. He labored diligently and completed six subjects, viz., the Battles of Trenton, Princeton, Germantown, and Monmouth, Washington at Yorktown, and the Surrender of the British Colors at Yorktown. Although faithful to historical incidents and costumes, they possessed precious little artistic merit, being painted by a self-taught hand *After Mr. Custis' death a collection of these articles was published under the title, Recollections and Private Memoirs of Washington, by G. W. P. Custia, with memoir of the author by his daughter and notes by Benson J. Lossing (1860). 20 The Story of Arlington and without the usual preliminary outlining. Col. B. F. Hawkes of Washington, who often visited Arlington and saw the aged artist at work, informs the writer that the battle scenes were devoid of perspective and contained many heroic figures of officers in Continental uniform, some of them as tall as the trees and each bearing a striking resemblance to Washington, who, as miglit be supposed, was always the central figure. The old gen- tleman received so many compliments on his skill that finally his liead was quite turned and he actually proposed to donate his paintings to Congress, to be placed in the rotunda of the Capitol. George Washington Parke Custis, the last male of his line, died at Arlington House on October 10, 1857, and was buried on the estate beside his wife, who bad passed away in 1853. Their graves,* marked by simple marble monuments, are located a short distance south of the mansion in a beautiful grove, amid the serried ranks of departed heroes of the Civil War. In his will (March 26, 1855) Mr. Custis gave the "Arling- ton House estate" to his only child, Mrs. Robert E. Lee, during her lifetime, and thereafter in fee to his eldest grandchild, George W. C. Lee; to his second grandson, William H. F. Lee, he devised the " White House estate," in New Kent County, Vir- ginia, containing 4,000 acres; to his youngest grandson, Robert E. Lee, Jr., his "Romancock estate," in King William County, Virginia, also containing 4,000 acres, and to each of his four granddaughters he made a bequest of $10,000. He furthermore directed his executors — Lieut.-Col. Robert E. Lee, Robert L. Randolph, Bishop Meade, and George W. Peter — to manumit all his slaves witliin five years following his decease, and this was accordingly done. * Visitors frequently experience difficulty in finding the Custis graves. They are about one hundred yards south of tlie intersection of the main driveway and the road to the receiving vault, and are in direct line with the row of soldiers' graves beginning with the headstone inscribed "5274. Juo. Kattnor, N. Y." Robert E. Lee 21 CHAPTER III. EOBEET B. LEE AT ARLINGTON. " Furl that Banner, for 'tis weary, Eound its staflF 'tis drooping dreary: Furl it, fold it — it is best; For there's not a man to wave it, And there's not a sword to save it, And there's not one left to lave it In the blood which heroes gave it. And its foes now scorn and brave it; Furl it, hide it— let it rest!" A. J. By AN. His Early Life and Marriage— Career in the United States Army — Outbreak of the Rebellion- His Indecision— Interview with Mr. Blair — Resigns his Commission — Bids Farewell to Arlington — His Children— The Title of the Government to Arlington. Arlington will always remain closely associated with the name of Gen. Robert E. Lee,* the leading military figure of the Southern Confederacy, for it was his home during thirty years, where his happiest days were spent. Robert Edward Lee was the son of Col. Henry Lee, the dashing "Light Horse Harry" of the Revolution, and was born at Stratford, Westmoreland County, Va., January 19, 1807. He was appointed a cadet at the United States Military Academy in 1825. Even before en- tering West Point, he was an occasional visitor at Arlington House, where he was early attracted by the grace and beauty of the young heiress, Mary Ann Randolph Custis. Soon his visits in- creased in frequency and by the time he graduated — second in rank in the class of 1829 — he had become engaged to her. Their marriage was celebrated in the drawing-roomf at Ar- lington House on the evening of June 30, 1831, in the presence * Principal biographical authorities consulted: Memoirs of Robert B. Lee, by Gen. A. L. Long (1886); Personal Reminiscences of Robert B. Lee, by John "W. Jones (1874) ; and Robert E. Lee and the Southern Confederacy, iy H. E. White (1897). t The first room at the right of the entrance. 22 The Story of Arlington of a group of relatives and intimate friends. Six young lieuten- ants of the Army acting as groomsnaen and an equal number of charming young ladies as bridesmaids formed a circle about the contracting parties. Rev. William Meade (afterwards bishop) of the Episcopal Church, performed the ceremony. It is related of the good dominie that he arrived tardily, having been over- taken by a storm which had drenched him to the skin, and while the assembled company waited, he hastily donned a suit of clothes belonging to the master of the house; but the borrowed garments were not a success, for the parson was as tall and thin as Custis was short and stout. The wedding was followed by feasting and dancing, in which the bridal couple participated to the end, there being no wedding tour. The slaves shared in the jubilee, and there is at least one survivor who retains a vivid recollection of the unlimited eating and drinking in thenegro colony at Arlington that night. Although he had inherited the ancestral estate of Stratford, Lieutenant Lee was not wealthy; indeed, his chief assets were his commission in the Army, vigorous health, and handsome face. On the other hand, his beautiful bride was the expectant heiress of Arlington and other valuable estates, and so his army friends slapped him on the back and showered upon him their congratulations on winning such a rare prize in the lottery of love. Lee was devoted to his chosen career, and, although a man of pronounced domestic tastes, cheerfully went wherever ordered^ always, however, hastening back at every opportunity to his wife and growing family at Arlington. In 1836-37, he was so for- tunate as to be stationed at Washington, on duty in the chief engineer's ofSce, and old Washingtonians still recall his sol- dierly figure as he rode horseback to and from Arlington. He served with distinction during the Mexican War as a captain of engineers in General Scott's army.* In 1852, he was appointed * As an Illustration of Lee's rigidly temperate habits, his wife was fond of relat- ing how he brought back untouched a flask of fine brandy which he had carried throughout the Mexican campaign. THE ORD AND WEITZEL GATE. Bobert E. Lee 23 superintendent of the Academy at West Point and remained in that capacity until 1855, when he was commissioned a lieutenant- colonel of the newly organized Second regiment of United States Cavalry, and served with it for a few years on the Texan fron- tier. In 1859, while on leave at Arlington, he received orders to proceed to Harper's Ferry in command of a battalion of ma- rines and assist in suppressing the John Brown raid. Appearing on the scene, he promptly besieged the insurgents and captured the misguided leader, whom he turned over to the civil authori- ties. The following year, Lee rejoined his regiment in Texas, where he remained until the withdrawal of that State from the Union, when he was recalled to Washington. He arrived at Arlington on the evening of March 1, 1861, and two weeks later was promoted to be colonel of the First United States Cavalry, but never joined that regiment. Colonel Lee's promotion afforded him little joy, for during the ensuing month news of momentous events, causing him the keenest anxiety, came to him thick and fast. On April 13th, Fort Sumter fell; on the 15th, President Lincoln issued his call for 75,000 three-months volunteers; on the 17th, the Convention of Virginia passed its ordinance of secession ; and on the evening of the 19th, the Sixth Massachusetts regiment arrived in Wash- ington after its bloody conflict with the Baltimore mob, and bivouacked in the Senate chamber of the Capitol. Meanwhile, Lee remained at Arlington in the throes of an intense mental struggle, distracted by day and sleepless at night, trying to decide on his proper course. The venerable General Scott, commanding the Army, with whom he was a great favorite, as well as other inti- mate friends, reasoned with him and he listened patiently to their arguments in behalf of the Union cause. One day he had determined to remain in the army at all hazards ; the next, to resign his commission and join the Confederacy. On the one band was his duty to Virginia ; on the other, his oath as an officer of the Army of the United States— a great stumbling-block to a God-fearing man of Christian precepts like Lee. 24 The Story of Arlington It is an interesting fact that Colonel Lee, some weeks pre- viously, had put himself on record as unequivocally opposed to secession, both in principle and policy. Under date of January 23, 1861, he had written from Texas to his son in Washington the following remarkable letter :* " Secession is nothing but revolution. The framers of our Constitution never exhausted so much labor, wisdom, and for- bearance in its formation, and surrounded it with so many guards and securities, if it was intended to be broken by every member of the Confederacy at will. It was intended for ' Perpetual Union;' so expressed in the preamble, and for the establishment of a government, not a compact, which can only be dissolved by revolution, or the consent of all the people in convention assem- bled. It is idle to talk of secession. Anarchy would have been established, and not a government, by Washington, Hamilton, Jefferson, Madison, and the other patriots of the Revolution." Lee doubtless expressed similar sentiments to General Scott, for the latter, in conversation with prominent officials of the ad- ministration, assured them of the loyalty of Colonel Lee, and, it is said, recommended him to the President as a proper person to be invested with high command in the field. f At any rate, on the 18th of April, 1861, Mr. Francis Preston Blair, Sr., a citizen of Washington and father of Hon. Montgomery Blair, then Postmaster-General, in a private interview with Colonel Lee, offered him, on behalf of President Lincoln, the command of the army about to be put in the field. There is a dispute as to the response. Lee himself has asserted that he promptly de- clined the offer, on the ground that, " though opposed to seces- sion and deprecating war," he could take no part in an invasion of the Southern States.J Another version, emanating from Blair, is that Lee replied that he would hold the proposition under advisement and give a definite answer later.|| After the inter- * Abraham Lincoln : A History, by Nicolay and Hay, Vol. IV, pp. 99-100. t Recollections of President Lincoln, by L. E. Chittenden, p. 97 (1891). t A. L. Long's Memoirs of Robert B. Lee. II A letter from Hon. Montgomery Blair to William C. Bryant, Esq., under date of August 6, 1866, and published in the National Intelligencer of August 9, Bobert E. Lee 25 view, Colonel Lee at once repaired to the office of General Scott and held a long and earnest consultation with him. On Saturday, April 20th, a committee from the Virginia Con- vention appeared in Washington and, waiting upon General Scott, tendered him the command of the forces of their State.* The bluff old hero, proud Virginian though he was — to his eternal credit be it said — sternly repulsed the offer and pro- claimed his sentiments of unfaltering loyalty to the Union. Whether or not the rebel delegation, on being rebuffed by Gen- eral Scott, next communicated with Colonel Lee is not on record, but it is very likely that they did so, for on the evening of that very day Lee, sitting in his library f at Arlington House, penned the following decisive letter, which was delivered to General Scott on Monday, the' 22d of April : "Aelington, Va., April 20, 186L " General: " Since my interview with you on the 18th inst. I have felt that I ought not longer to retain my commission in the army. I there- fore tender my resignation, which I request you will recommend for acceptance. It would have been presented at once, but for the struggle it has cost me to separate myself from a service to which I have devoted the best years of my life and all the abil- ity I possessed. During the whole of that time — more than a quarter of a century — I have experienced nothing but kindness from my superiors and a most cordial friendship from my com- rades. To no one, General, have I been as much indebted as to yourself for uniform kindness and consideration, and it has al- ways been my ardent desire to merit your approbation. I shall carry to the grave the most grateful I'ecollections of your kind con- 1866, contained the following: "General Lee said to my father, when he was sounded by him, at the request of President Lincoln, about taking command of our army against the rebellion, then hanging upon the decision of the Virginia Oonvention, 'Mr. Blair, I look upon secession as anarchy. If I owned the four millions of slaves in the South I would sacrifice them all to the Union ; but how can I draw my sword upon Virginia, my native State? ' He could not determine then ; said he would consult with his friend. General Scott, and went on the same day to Richmond, probably to arbitrate diflSculties ; and we see the result." *Nicolay and Hay's Abraham Lincoln, Vol. IV, pp. 103-104. tThe room at the end of the south wing. 26 The Story of Arlington sideration, and your name and fame will always be dear to me, "Save in the defense of my native State, I never desire again to draw my sword. Be pleased to accept my most earnest wishes for the continuance of your happiness and prosperity, and believe me, most truly yours, "R. E. LEE. "Lieut.-Gen. Winfield Scott, " Commanding United States Army. " Sunday was spent in preparations for departure, and on Mon- day, April 22d, Colonel Lee and his family, taking the most valuable of their effects, bade farewell to Arlington and pro- ceeded to Richmond. The same day Governor Letcher and the Convention of Virginia appointed Lee commander-in-chief of all the forces of the State, and that very evening he held a secret conference in Richmond with Alexander Stephens, the Vice- President of the Confederacy, which resulted soon afterwards in the admission of Virginia as one of the Confederate States. The next day, April 23d, General Lee was publicly invested with command. Thus within three days he had thrown off the af- filiations of a lifetime and assumed new and hostile obligations. Robert E. Lee and his wife had seven children, all born prior to the Mexican War, viz., George W. Custis, Mary, William H. Fitzhugh, Annie (died 1862), Agnes, Robert, and Mildred. There is an interesting bit of legal history connected with the devolution of Arlington estate from the heirs to the United States Government. Early in the Civil War the Federal authorities took possession of it for military uses, and held it under that eminent title until January 11, 1864, when it was put up at public sale for unpaid direct taxes ($92.07), and was purchased by the Gov- ernment for 126,800. Mrs. Robert E. Lee, the life-tenant, died in 1873. Four years later, her eldest child, George W. C. Lee, the remainder-man under Custis' will, brought a suit in ejectment and successfully contested the legality of the title of the Govern- ment under the tax sale ; but was barred in the Supreme Court Robert E. Lee 27 In recognition, however, of his equitable claim, Congress appro- priated (act of March 31 , 1883) the sum of $150,000 for the pur- chase of the estate, and on March 31, 1883, Mr. Lee conveyed by deed to the United States all his rights therein for the sum appro- priated, thereby removing the last cloud from the title to ground that had become sanctified by the dust of an army of heroes. 28 The Story of Arlington CHAPTER IV. THE NATIONAL MILITARY CEMETERY OF ARLINGTON. "And the ragged gaps in the walls of blue, Where the iron surge rolled heavily through, That the Colonel builds with a breath again As he cleaves the din with his ' Close up, men .' ' And the groan torn out from the blackened lips, And the prayer doled slow with the crimson drips, And the beaming look in the dying eye As under the cloud the stars go by ; 'But his soul marched on ! ' the Captain said. For the Boy in Blue can never be dead." Benjamin F. Taylob. The Government Occupies Arlington — Establishment of the National Cemetery — Reinterment of the Slain Gathered from the Battlefields — The Tomb of the Unknown— Mortuary Statistics — The Officers' Section — Graves of Revolutionary Officers — General Burial Fields — The Memorial Gates — The Temple of Fame — The Amphi- theater. For several weeks after the departure of the Lees their late home was deserted except by a few faithful servants. Occa- sionally a squad of Virginia troops was observed reconnoitering in the vicinity, but more than a month elapsed before the first hostile step was taken thereabouts. General Scott, recognizing the strategic importance of Arlington Heights, on the 3d of May instructed Gen. J. K. F. Mansfield, commanding the De- partment of Washington, to seize and fortify the position ; but, owing to delay in the arrival of a sufficient force of volunteers, the order was not carried out until the 24th of May.* At 2 o'clock in the morning of that day the advance into Virginia was begun; two columns of three and four regiments respectively were hurried across the Aqueduct Bridge at George- town and the Long Bridge at Washington, while a third column *See Nicolay and Hay's Abraham Lincoln, Vol. IV ; and Battles and Leaders, of the Civil War, Vol. I. (The Century Co., 1887.) Arlington Cemetery 29 proceeded by water to Alexandria, and Arlington Heights and the town of Alexandria were promptly occupied, practically without opposition, although the capture of the latter cost the assassination of Colonel Ellsworth. After the first battle of Bull Run, McDowell's defeated army fell back and entrenched itself upon the heights of Arlington, and there President Lincoln went on the 23d of July, 1861, to infuse hope and courage in the disheartened troops. Thencefor- ward to the conclusion of the war Arlington was an armed camp and hospital base ; the mansion was given up to officers' quarters ; fine groves of old trees were cut down, and thousands of tents dotted the plateaus. At the first advance a chain of military works had been traced for the defense of the National Capital, and at frequent intervals forts were built. Among the strongest of these were Fort Whipple,* constructed in 1862 in the western part of the estate, and Fort McPherson,t begun in 1864 in the southwestern section. Forts Tillinghast and Cass, minor fortifi- cations, were also upon Arlington Heights. As the conflict progressed and assumed greater proportions, the number of military camps and hospitals in the vicinity of Washington multiplied, the deaths ran up into the thousands, and the question of proper sepulture became a serious problem. Moreover, the unpleasant story gained credence in the North that the Union dead were being carelessly and irreverently disposed of. By the spring of 1864, the available space in the cemetery at the Soldiers' Home was nearly exhausted (more than 5,000 soldiers having been interred there), and meanwhile the frightful mortality continued unabated. Soon after the battle of the Wilderness, Maj. (now brigadier-general, retired) Daniel H. * No trace of Fort Whipple remains ; its site is now occupied by Fort Myer, a cavalry post of the Army. Gen. G. W. CuUum wrote concerning it : " In this circle of defenses Fort Whipple held a very important position, and was a star- shaped earthwork, scientifically built, and heavily armed and garrisoned." fFort McPherson, which was similar to Fort Whipple, was still incomplete when the war closed. It has been picturesquely restored as far as possible to its original aspect." 30 The Story of Arlington Rucker and Capt. (now colonel) James M. Moore of the quarter- master's department made a careful examination of all the eligible sites for a national cemetery near Washington and reported in favorof Arlington. At this juncture, Gen. Montgomery C. Meigs, the resourceful quartermaster-general of the Army, assumed the responsibility of ordering the interment at Arlington of those dying in the military hospitals at that place. According to the official records the first interments were made on May 13, 1864.* From that date interments at Arlington were of daily occurrence and constantly increasing in number. The action of General Meigs was promptly sanctioned by the Secretary of War, and by the provisions of an order dated June *The "Roll of Honor," No. 1 (published by quartermaster's department In 1869), contains the names of all identified Union soldiers interred at Arlington from May 13, 1864, to June 30, 1865. The following private soldiers who died on the former date, or one or two days previously, constituted the first inter- ments: W. Blatt, 29th Pa. Inf.; W. Christman, 67th Pa. Inf.; J. Chister,'8th Pa. Res.; W. Gibbons, 5th Mich. Inf.; A. Lewis, 39th N. Y. Inf.; W. McKiuney, 17th Pa. Cav.; J. A. Miller, 4th Vt. Inf.; W. Reeves, 76th N. Y. Inf.; P. Rawsou, 1st N. J. Inf.; E. Shaver, ?2d N. Y. Cav.; B. Sherbudd, 6th Vt. Inf.; H. Smith, Q. M. Dept.; W. Starks, 5th N. Y. Cav.; J. Stover, 15th N". Y. Engineers; and J. H. Waters, 7th N. Y. Art. ' In a pamphlet entitled Historic Arlington, by Karl Decker and Angus McSween (Washington, 1892', there appears an Interesting account of the circumstances attending the interments of May 13, 1864. It seems that on the afternoon of that day General Meigs accompanied President Lincoln in a drive to Arlington. After inspecting the camp they were about to depart when Meigs observed a squad of soldiers carrying upon stretchers several dead comrades to the lower part of the grounds, there to await conveyance to the already overcrowded Soldiers' Home CemeteiT. "Stopping the sergeant in command of 1he squad. General Meigs asked: 'How many men are there awaiting burial here ? ' 'With these, a dozen, sir,' answered the sergeant ; ' no bodies have been taken away during the week.' ' .Set down the stretchers,' commanded the quartermaster-general; and then, turning to a com- missioned officer standing near, he said : ' Captain, order out a burial squad and see that all the bodies at Arlington are buried on the place at once.' Then walk- i ng a few paces away he pointed out the slight terrace bordering the garden of the mansion. ' Bury them there,' he said." This order, the account continues, was promptly carried out. The same publication is authority for the statement that the first soldier in- terred was a Confederate prisoner of war who had died of wounds in the hospital at Arlington, L. Reinhardt, of the Twenty-third North Carolina regiment. It is said that he was burled May 13, 1864, near the manfiion, and was subsequently removed. Nevertheless, the author believes that In a few isolated instances soldiers were buried at Arlington prior to May 13, 1864. A member of the Seventh Wisconsin Infantry states that he was one of the firing squad at the interment n) 1863 of a comrade whose grave was near the Custls monuments. X m H O 5 m H I n c z 3: z o S 2 o J> o 2 □ H I n -I n 3 T) r n O ■n ■n > S n k ^^1 l9 ■ Mi B ^ ^r^£ a 3jWiBH ^ i^9 pHr^ Mg^ H-' ^, ,^^^ ^^^^^^fefila A. ^"P B^H^ aiife '1^9 f^ . jIllHHi EsP '' f i^^jl pwji^^ jTOjB MN I ,1 ^^9 ^^S! ^H H^yH I^M« ^ ^^n H^Pn ^^1 HHH K ■ i |B 7 ™^^p^^^^p» y " ] ^ ffiHf Arlington' Cemetery 31 15, 1864, two hundred acres of the estate, including the mansion, were appropriated for a military cemetery to be laid out and en- ■closed for the burial of all soldiers dying in the hospitals in and about Washington. By June 30, 1864, over 2,600 graves had been made and marked with plain wooden headboards ; exactly one year later the number was reported as 5,003. At the close of the war, a large burial corps under charge of officers of the quartermaster's department undertook the gigantic and gruesome task of recovering all the bodies of Union soldiers, buried as well as unburied, from the battlefields and camps of Virginia and Maryland, within a radius of about forty miles from Washington, and interring them at Arlington.* The prin- cipal points visited were the battlefields of Bull Run, Manassas, Bristow Station, Chantilly, Aldie, and the territory between the Potomac and Rappahannock. The work also included removals from the cemetery at Point Lookout, Md., and abandoned ceme- teries in the District of Columbia, and was completed only in 1870. The report of the quartermaster-general for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1870, shows that the total number of bodies ■of Union soldiers then reposing at Arlington was 15,585, of which 11,509 had been identified, and 4,076 remained unknown. In addition there were the remains of 347 (originally 377) Con- federate prisoners of war who had died in the hospitals of Wash- ington ; these brought the total of interments to 15,932. The saddest duty of the burial corps was the collection of vast quantities of disorganized human remains which were found in the trenches or scattered over the battlefields above mentioned. In many instances nothing but a skull or a few bones, glorified by bits of Federal accoutrements, remained of some unknown hero. These pitiful remnants of humanity were tenderly and reverently gathered and placed in small boxes, each case repre- *Thecemeterlal work In the Department of Washington was under the super- vision of Col. (now quartermaster-general) M. I. Ludington, assisted by Capts. James M. Moore, John R. Hynes, and James Gleason of the quartermaster's department. 32 The Story of Arlington senting an individual, and shipped to Arlington, where they were buried together in a great vault,* over which now stands a massive granite sarcophagus of simple design bearing the follow- ing chaste inscription : Beneath this Stone Eepose the Bones of Two Thousand One Hundred and Eleven Unknown Soldiers Gathered After the War from The Fields of Bull Run and the Route to the Eappahannock. Their Remains could not be Identified, but their Names and Deaths are Recorded in the Archives of their Country ; and its Grateful Citizens Honor them as of their Noble Army of Martyrs. May they Rest in Peace! September, A. D. 1866. The total number of dead reposing at Arlington on June 30,^ 1899, was 17,472 ; of these, 12,984 had been identified and 4,488 — twenty-five per cent. — were unknown. At least 500 Union and Confederate soldiers who were originally interred there have been removed by friends, so that the total number of interments since the establishment ofthe cemetery is about 18,000. Of those remaining, there are nearly 16,000 soldiers of the Federal army of (he Civil War; several hundred civilians and contrabands;^ 1 36 Confederate prisoners of war ; f a few soldiers of the Revo- *A writer In the National Intelligencer of November 15, 1866, gave the following graphic description of the appearance of this vault while it was being filled; "A more terrible spectacle can hardly be conceived than is to be seen within a dozen rods ofthe Arlington mansion. A circular pit, twenty feet deep and the same in diameter, has been sunh; by the side ofthe flower garden, cemented and divided into compartments, and down into this gloomy receptacle are cast the bones of such soldiers as perished on the field and either were not buried at all or were so covered up as to have their bones mingle indiscriminately together. At the time we loolied into this gloomy cavern, a literal Golgotha, there were piled together skulls in one division, legs in another, arms In another, and ribs in another, what were estimated as the bones of two thousand human beings. They were dropping fragmentary human skeletons into this receptacle almost daily, and at that time it was perhaps half full." fThere were originally 377 Confederates buried at Arlington, of which number 241 have been removed by friends. Statements having been current in the press that the graves of the Confederate dead were being neglected by the authorities,, an investigation was made by the Department which resulted in the following report, filed in June, 1899, by Col. T. E. True, the depot quartermaster : "There are 136 Confederate soldiers and civilians, state prisoners, now Interred, at Arlington National Cemetery. Of the number, 126 are known and ten are un- Arlington Cemetery 35 lution and War of 1812 ; and about 650 martyrs of the Spanish- American "War. It is the proud privilege of every Union soldier of the Civil War — and the same will henceforth apply to those of our war with Spain — to be buried in this magnificent Ne- cropolis of Heroes, and accordingly, every month, on an average, twenty-five veterans are laid to rest here. The officers' section is situated north of the main driveway,, and, including the beautiful terrace in front of the mansion, ex- tends back to the western wall. Within it are buried several hundred officers of the Army and Navy, over whose graves relatives or friends have erected artistic memorials of granite or marble, bearing epitaphs of dignified simplicity. In many in- stances, as is eminently proper, the wife of an officer lies beside him, this privilege being invariably accorded by the Government. Along the northern edge of the officers' section and a short distance west of the stables are eleven graves with antique monu- ments which at once arrest the attention of the visitor. Here are buried certain soldiers and officials of the Government who died in the early part of the century and whose remains were removed in 1892 from an abandoned Presbyterian burial-ground at Georgetown. Among them are the following officers who took part either in the Revolution or the War of 1812 : William Waed Burrows, lieutenant-colonel commandant of United States Marine Corps ; major commandant, 1798 ; lieu- tenant-colonel commandant, 1800; resigned, 1804; died, 1805. James House, brevet brigadier-general, United States Army; lieutenant First United States Artillerists and Engineers, 1799 ;, lieutenant-colonel Third United States Artillery, 1813; colonel of First Artillery, 1822; died 1834. known. These dead are buried with ottier honorable dead in the cemetery, their f:raves are known and recorded, are marked with headstones very similar to hose marking the graves of Union soldiers bearing the name, but not the regi- ment, company, or State, as in the case of Union soldiers ; are well sodded and oared for, according to regulation, precisely as the graves of all the other dead in that cemetery are cared for. In short, the Confederate dead are honorably in- terred and honorably cared for. It is hardly probable that they would be so well cared for in any other than a National cemetery." 34 The Story of Arlington Thomas Mason, brigadier -general, United States Army; died, 1813. John T. Eitchie, lieutenant. United States Navy ; midship- man, 1810; lieutenant, 1816; died, 1831. Caleb Swan, paymaster-general. United States Army ; was ensign of Ninth Massachusetts regiment, 1779, and served to end of the Revolution ; appointed paymaster-general. United States Army, 1792; resigned, 1808; died, 1809. James E. Wilson, purser. United States Navy ; appointed, 1812; died, 1819. Extending in regular rows southward from the principal drive- way, in a magnificent grove, are the graves of thousands upon thousands of "Boys in Blue," uniform in distance one from the other, and each level with the lawn and marked mostly by a simple marble post of the pattern adopted by the Government in 1872 for all national cemeteries, but scarcely more than one foot in height, and only large enough to contain the name of the dead soldier and his State and number on the ofncial register. In the extreme northeastern section of the cemetery, in a locality litlle visited and separated from the main portion by a stretch of woodland, are the graves, similarly marked, of about five thousand soldiers who were interred in 1864. These general burial-fields afford vistas of most impressive solemnity, the forest of miniature white stones suggesting the arrangement of a vast army by bat- talions and regiments. Here and there the monotony of the Government headstones is broken by a somewhat more preten- tious slab erected by relatives or comrades of the dead and pre- senting a more complete record. Unfortunately, it has not been xleemed practicable to permit the interment at Arlington of the wives of enlisted men, although efforts in that direction have been made in Congress. The cemetery, which now contains 408 acres (more than double its original area), has been greatly beautified since the Civil War, and presents a striking illustration of generosity and sentiment ■on the part of the United States Government — qualities rarely Arlington Cemetery. 35 displayed by the Republic that makes no pretensions to pater- nalism. On the eastern side, along the ancient Georgetown and Alex- andria highway, three handsome memorial gates have been erected. The Ord and Weitzel Gate, the most northerly, consists of twa tall columns of stone, each surmounted by a funeral urn and inscribed with the names of Generals Ord and Weitzel, respectively. The central gate, in memory of Sheridan, is composed of four graceful stone columns which support a carved cross-piece bear- ing the name of the great cavalryman. On its columns appear the names of Scott, Lincoln, Stanton, and Grant. The pillars of both these gates were removed from the north portico of the old War Department building when it was demolished in 1879. The McClellan Gate, further southward, is an imposing archway of massive red masonry; overhead in gilt letters appears the name of the commander of the victorious Army of the Potomac at Antietam. On the western side of the enclosure, near Fort Meyer, is a fourth gate, quite simple in design, but used per- haps more than any of the others. The grounds of the cemetery are enclosed by a stone wall ; naturally beautiful and diversified by wooded hills and dales, they have been rendered more attractive by the employment of all the arts of the landscape gardener. A profusion of orna- mental trees and shrubs have been planted among the primeval oaks ; well-kept velvety lawns, brightened by beds of flowers, crown the crest of the hill and slope away in graceful lines, while here and there are bits of woodland where untamed nature still holds sway. A paved driveway extends from the western gate to the mansion, connecting with macadamized roads which emerge at the other gates, and trim paths skirt the burial-fields. Upon the level space south of the mansion rises an open circular colon- nade with domed roof, known as the " Temple of Fame." Its cornice bears the names of Washington, Lincoln, Grant, and Far- ragut ; and its columns, those of Meade, McPherson, Sedgwick, Eeynolds, Humphreys, Garfield, Mansfield, and Thomas. The 36 The Story of Arlington stone pillars and entablature were taken from the corridors of the Patent Office at Washington after the fire of 1 877. Surrounding the Temple of Fame is a charming garden of flowers arranged in artistic designs, some spelling the names of distinguished soldiers. Close at hand is a sylvan amphitheater wherein memo- rial services are held on each recurring Decoration Day under the auspices of the Grand Army of the Republic. It is formed by a circular embankment of earth and shaded by a trelliswork covered with clustering vines. On one side is the rostrum, having a lattice roof supported by ornamental stone columns and containing a block of polished marble as a reading-desk. Near the Fort Meyer gate stands a large granite monument erected in 1896 by the State of Connecticut in memory of the gallant dead of the Second Connecticut Heavy Artillery Volun- teers. This memorial is a trubute to the patriotism of the State as well as that of the regiment commemorated, and the example thus set deserves to be followed by the great commonwealths of the North, whose sons at Arlington are numbered by the hun- dreds. A notable improvement relating to Arlington will be the pro- jected memorial bridge which will connect the cemetery with the city of Washington, at a point near Observatory Hill. At this writing, eminent architects are engaged in drawing plans for the structure. Sheridan and Porter 37 CHAPTER V. SHERIDAN AND PORTER. "Up from the south, at break of day, Bringing to Winchester fresh dismay, The affrighted air with a shudder bore, Like a herald in haste to the chieftain's door, The terrible grumble and rumble and roar, Telling the battle was on once more. And Sheridan twenty miles away." T. Buchanan Read. General Sheridan— His Military Record— His Imposing Funeral- Admiral Porter— His Naval Career— His Obsequies. Upon the terrace in front of the mansion, at equal (distances to the right and left respectively from the lofty flagstaff bearing the national ensign, sleep General Sheridan and Admiral Porter, the two most distinguished commanders whom historic Arlington holds within her eternal embrace. I. GENERAL SHERIDAN. Philip H. Sheridan (born 1831, died 1888) was graduated from West Point in 1853. At the outbreak of the Civil War he was still a lieutenant in the regular army, and May 14, 1861, was promoted captain of the Thirteenth United States Infantry. On May 20, 1862, he was commissioned colonel of the Second Michigan Cavalryj and on June 2d, placed in command of the Second Cavalry Brigade of the Army of the Mississippi. On July 1, 1862, he won a victory at Booneville over a superior force of the enemy, and as a reward was made a brigadier-general of volunteers. On October 1st, he was put in command of the Eleventh Division of the Army of the Ohio and distinguished himself in the battle of Perryville. In the victories of Stone River (December 31, 1862, and January 3, 1863) he was in%om- mand of a division of the Army of the Cumberland, and on 38 The Story of Arlington recommendation of General Rosecrans was commissioned a major- general of volunteers, dating from the first day's battle. At Chattanooga he led his division in an assault upon Missionary Ridge, and, although subjected to a furious artillery fire, drove the enemy across the summit and down the opposite slope. Thi& achievement attracted the attention of General Grant, and on April 4, 1864, Sheridan was put in command of the cavalry corps of the Army of the Potomac. During the ensuing months he prosecuted a vigorous campaign, taking a prominent part in several bloody battles, including the Wilderness (May 5 and 6} and executing a daring raid, in the course of which he appeared before Richmond. From May to August his casualties exceeded five thousand men, but he had captured over two thousand pris- oners. In August he was put at the head of the Army of the Shenandoah and began the eventful campaign to drive the Con- federates out of the Valley of Virginia. On the morning of October 19, 1864, while Sheridan was temporarily absent, General Early with reinforcements surprised the Federal forces in their c^mp at Cedar Creek and drove back the main body in precipitous retreat for four or five miles. It was at this critical juncture that occurred the famous incident of Sheridan's Ride, which lias been immortalized in verse by T. Buchanan Read. Sheridan had been summoned to Washington for consultation and while returning slept on the night of October 18-19 at Winchester, twenty miles from Cedar Creek. As soon as news of the dis- aster reached him he mounted his horse and rode at a furious pace to the front, rallied the fugitives, and turned ignominious defeat into a signal victory. Gen. Adam Badeau has thus de- scribed the episode : "He (Sheridan) was in major-general's uniform, mounted on a magnificent horse, man and beast covered with dust and foam ; and as he rose in his stirrups, waving his hat and his sword by turns, he cried again and again, ' If I had been here this never would have happened. We are going back. Face the other way, boys ! face the other way ! ' The soldiers recognized their general and took up the cry, ' Face the other way.' It passed THE SHERtOAN MONUMENT. Sheridan and Porter 39 along from one to another, rising and falling like a wave of the sea, and the men returned in crowds, falling into ranks as they came. They followed him to the front, and many who had fled, panting and panic-stricken in the morning, under Sheridan's lead, had covered themselves with the glory of heroes long before night. Such a reinforcement may one man be to an army." This victory terminated the campaign in the Shenandoah Valley. In recognition of Sheridan's service President Lincoln issued the following order making him a major-general in the regular army : " For personal gallantry, military skill, and just confidence in the courage and patriotism of his troops, displayed by Philip H. Sheridan on the 19th of October at Cedar Run, where, under the blessing of Providence, his routed army was reorganized, a great national disaster averted, and a brilliant victory achieved over the rebels for the third time in pitched battle within thirty days, Philip H. Sheridan is appointed major-general in the United States Army, to rank as such from the 8th day of No- vember, 1864." General Sheridan also took a prominent part in the campaign which brought the war to a close. In February and March, 1865, he executed an extensive raid from Winchester to Peters- burg, and by a brilliant victory at Five Forks forced Lee to evacuate Petersburg and Richmond, and was present at his sur- render at Appomattox Court House. In 1869 Sheridan was promoted lieutenant-general, and on the retirement of General Sherman in 1883, general-in-chief of the Army, and finally, just before his death. Congress bestowed upon him the full rank and emoluments of general. General Sheridan died at Nonquitt, Mass.,on August 5, 1888, His remains were brought to Washington and lay in state in St. Matthew's Church, corner H and Fifteenth streets, northwest, where a solemn requiem mass was celebrated. The interment took place on Saturday morning, August 11th, and was the most memorable in the annals of Arlington. Funeral services were 40 The Story of Arlington held at St. Matthew's, and at 10 o'clock the cortege started from the church in the following order : A Battalion of Cavalry. Batteries of Light Artillery. The Marine Band. The Third Artillery Band. A Battalion of Foot Artillery. Clergy in Carriages. Pall-bearers in Carriages. Body-bearers ; Artillery Sergeants. Caisson Bearing the Remains. The General's Horse. Mrs. Sheridan and Family. Military Staff. President Cleveland and Family. The Cabinet. The Judiciary. Congressional Committees. The Diplomatic Corps. Representatives of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion and the Grand Army of the Republic. Citizens. A throng of distinguished comrades-in-arms of the dead hero followed the remains to Arlington, including Generals Sherman, Schofield, Merritt, Stoneman, and Crook. About the grave the military formed a great hollow square, keeping back the multi- tude. The flag-draped casket was taken from the caisson and brief burial services, including the blessing of the ground, were conducted by Bishop Foley of Detroit. Then the final salute was fired, consisting of seventeen guns from the light batteries and three salvos of musketry from the battalion of foot artillery; and, last scene of all, a cavalry trumpeter sounded " taps." The monument erected over Sheridan's grave is one of the most artistic at Arlington; it is a block of highly polished granite, bearing upon its face in bold relief a bronze medallion- head of the hero of Cedar Creek, with flag and wreath. Sheridan and Porter 41 II. ADMIEAL PORTER. A few steps from the grave of General Sheridan, at a spot selected by the old hero himself, is the last resting-place of Admiral David Dixon Porter, United States Navy (born 1813, died 1891). He entered the Navy as a midshipman in 1829, and served throughout the Mexican War. At the outset of the Civil War he was a lieutenant, commanding the steamer Powhatan, and was promoted commander April 22, 1861. In the early spring of 1862, he was placed in command of a flotilla of twenty-one schooners, each armed with a thirteen-inch mortar and the whole convoyed by five war steamers. With this mortar fleet, Com- mander Porter reported to Admiral Farragut, and, under his leadership, entered the Mississippi and advanced to the attack on Forts Jackson and St. Philip, the strong river defenses of New Orleans. The bombardment began on the 18th of April and continued most furiously for several days without interrup- tion, about seventeen thousand shells being discharged by the fleet. Before dawn of the morning of the 24th, Farragut ran the forts and passed up the river ; four days later the forts sur- rendered to Commander Porter, and on the following day the Stars and Stripes floated triumphantly over New Orleans. This was the greatest naval success of the war, and was a heavy blow to the Confederacy. Commander Porter's next notable achievement was the bom- bardment and reduction of the water batteries of Vicksburg in cooperation with the army under General Grant. The mortar- boats were engaged for forty-two days without intermission in shelling the forts and city, and the Navy was a powerful auxiliary of the Army in the investment and capture of the place. On July 4, 1863, the day of the surrender, General Sherman wrote to Porter as follows : "No event of my life could have given me more personal pride or pleasure than to have met you to-day on the wharf at Vicksburg. To you remains the task of preventing any more Vicksburgs or Port Hudsons on the bank of the great inland 42 The Story of Arlington sea. The day of our Nation's birth is consecrated and baptised anew in a victory won by the united Navy and Army of our country." After the fall of Vicksburg, Porter received the thanks of Congress and a commission of rear-admiral, dating from July 4, 1863. In December, 1864, he bombarded Fort Fisher with a power- ful fleet, but the defenses not being sufficiently reduced, he re- newed the attack the following month so effectively that the land forces under Gen. A. H. Terry were able to capture the works- on January 13, 1865, with comparatively small loss. In recog- nition of this service, Rear-Admiral Porter was again thanked by Congress. He was made vice-admiral in 1866, and four years later, on the death of Admiral Farragut, Porter succeeded him in the rank of full admiral, held by no others (with the recent exception of Dewey ) in the history of the Nation. Admiral Porter died at Washington, February 13, 1891, and on that day President Harrison sent a special message to Con- gress announcing the sad event in the following language : " The admiral of the Navy, David Dixon Porter, died at his residence in the city of Washington this morning at 8:15 o'clock, in the seventy-eighth year of his age. He entered the naval service as a midshipman February 2, 1829, and had been since continuously in service, having been made admiral August 15, 1870. He was the son of Commodore David Porter, one of the greatest of our naval commanders. His service during the Civil War was conspicuously brilliant and successful, and his death ends a very high and honorable career. His countrymen will sincerely mourn his loss, while they cherish with grateful pride the memory of his deeds. " To officers of the Navy his life will continue to yield inspira- tion and encouragement." Admiral Porter's funeral was held on Tuesday, February 17, 1891, with all the honors befitting his exalted rank and distin- guished public service. The cortege to Arlington was preceded by the Marine Band and a battalion of marines, marching slowly Sheridan and Porter 43 ■with arms reversed. Arriving at the cemetery, the casket, wrapped in the national ensign, was taken from the hearse by a squad of eight sailors and borne upon their shoulders to the grave ; while it was being lowered the marines presented arms. The burial service of the Grand Army of the Republic was per- formed, and then the marines discharged three volleys of mus- ketry and a bugler stationed at the head of the grave sounded the last call. A simple monument, temporarily erected by his widow, marks the tomb of this illustrious American. 44 The Story of Arlington CHAPTER VI. PROMINENT OFFICEKS OF THE CIVIL WAE BURIED AT ARLINGTON. " The heart so leal and the hand of steel Are palsied aye for strife, But the noble deed and the patriot's meed Are left of the hero's life." S. P. Merrill. Augur — Ayres — Bartlett — Belknap — Benet — Berdan — Burbridge— Burns — Crook — Doubleday — Edwards — Flagler — Gibbon — Gregg— Gresham — Harney — Haskin — Hazen — Ingalls — Kautz — Kelley — King — Maeauley— Mason — McKibbin — Meigs — Mitchell — Mizner — Mower — Ordway — Paul — Plummer — Rawlins — Ricketts — Rousseau —Smith— Sturgis—Tourtellotte— Wright. Below are given the names and brief sketches of the military careers of officers of the Union army during the Civil War who attained eminent rank and are buried at Arlington. Christopher C. Augur (born 1821, died 1898), brigadier- general, United States Army, and major-general, volunteers. Graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1843; was a lieutenant in the regular army in the Mexican War; in August, 1862, for gallantry at the battle of Cedar Mountain, was appointed a major-general of volunteers ; at the close of the war was colonel of the Twelfth United States Infantry. When retired in 1885 was a brigadier-general, United States Army. RoMEYN B. Ayres (born 1825, died 1888), brigadier-general, volunteers, brevet major-general. United States Army, colonel, Second United States Artillery ; United States Military Academy, 1847 ; served in Mexico as lieutenant. Third United States Artil- lery, and participated in many battles of the Civil War as an artillery officer in the Army of the Potomac; appointed brigadier- general, volunteers, November, 1862; commanded a division of the Fifth Corps at Gettysburg ; wounded at Petersburg ; brevetted Officers of the Civil War 45 major-genera], United States Army, for gallant service in the field during the war. Joseph J. Baetlett (born 1833, died 1893), was colonel of the Twenty-seventh New York Infantry ; appointed brigadier- general, volunteers, in 1862, and brevet major-general, volun- teers, in 1864. William W. Belknap (born 1829, died 1890), brigadier- general, volunteers. As colonel of the Fifteenth Iowa Infantry, distinguished himself at Shiloh, where he was severely wounded ; for Atlanta, was appointed brigadier-general, volunteers, and commanded the Iowa Brigade in the march to the sea. Was Secretary of War under Grant from 1869 to 1876. Over his grave at Arlington his old comrades of the Crocker Brigade of Iowa and the Loyal Legion have raised a magnificent granite monument with bronze medallion-head of their departed com- mander. Stephen V. Benet (born 1827, died 1895), brigadier-gen- eral and chief of ordnance. United States Army. His entire ser- vice was in the ordnance department. HiEAM Beedan (born 1824, died 1893), colonel. First United States Sharpshooters, and brevet major-general, volunteers. Was inventor of a repeating rifle with which his regiment was armed and rendered efficient service during the Civil War ; for Gettys- burg, received the brevet of major-general, volunteers. His grave is marked by a flat marble slab. Stephen G. Buebeidge (born 1831, died 1894), brevet major-general of volunteers. In 1861, raised and was commis- sioned colonel of the Twenty-sixth Kentucky Infantry. For gallantry at Shiloh was appointed brigadier-general, volunteers, and for the defeat of Morgan was brevetted major-general, vol- unteers, July, 1864. William W. Buens (born 1825, died 1892), brigadier-gen- eral, volunteers ; had been an officer in the Third United States Infantry, in the Mexican War ; attained the rank in the regular army of colonel, subsistence department, and brevet brigadier- 46 The Story of Arlington general for gallantry and meritorious service throughout the Civil War. GEOEGECKOOK(bornl829,died 1890), major-general, United States Army, graduated from "West Point in 1852 ; in 1861, was appointed colonel of the Thirty-sixth Ohio Volunteers and took part in operations in West Virginia and with McClellan ; in 1863, commanded a division of cavalry in the Army of the Cumberland ; was engaged at Chickamauga and in the pursuit of Wheeler's cavalry ; commissioned major-general, volunteers, in 1864; in March, 1865, was transferred to the Army of the Potomac and participated in the cavalry operations which ter- minated the war. He was famous as an Indian fighter on the frontier ; a bronze panel upon his monument at Arlington repre- sents the scene of the surrender to him of Geronimo's band of Apaches in 1883 in the Sierra Madre Mountains of Mexico; in 1888, attained the rank of major-general, United States Army. Abner Dotjbleday (born 1819, died 1893), major-general of volunteers; graduated at West Point in 1842 and served as lieutenant in the Mexican War ; was second in command at Fort Sumter in 1861, and aimed the first gun of the Civil War on the side of the Union ; in February, 1862, was appointed brigadier- general, volunteers, and put in command of all the defenses of Washington; subsequently commanded a brigade in McCIellan's army, and in November, 1862, was commissioned major-general, volunteers. He succeeded General Reynolds in command of the First Corps, and at Gettysburg his command, against great odds, held the ridge west of the seminary, and on the third day as- sisted in the repulse of Pickett's charge. His highest rank in the regular army was colonel of the Twenty-fourth United States Infantry and brevet major-general. United States Army ; retired in 1873. Over his grave is a handsome granite mon- ument. John Edwards (born 1815, died 1894), brigadier-general, volunteers ; was colonel of the Eighteenth Iowa Infantry in o n u w U) n o H O z Officers of the Civil War 47 1862, and in September, 1864, was appointed brigadier-general, volunteers. Daniel W. Flagler (born 1835, died 1899), brigadier- general and chief of ordnance, United States Army ; United States Military Academy, 1861. He served during the entire Civil War as an ordnance officer, taking part in many battles from Bull Run to Gettysburg. John Gibbon (born 1827, died 1896), brigadier-general. United States Army, and major-general, volunteers; graduated from the Military Academy in 1847 and served as an artillery officer in the Mexican, Seminole, and early part of the Civil War; in 1862. was appointed a brigadier-general, volunteers, and at Gettysburg commanded the Second Corps, which met the famous charge of Pickett's men ; in 1864, was made a major- general, volunteers, and from the Wilderness to Petersburg com- manded the Second Division of the Second Corps. After the «lose of the war he was engaged in several fights with Indians on the Western frontier; was retired in 1891 as brigadier-general. United States Army. Over his grave at Arlington is a monu- ment erected by the famous Iron Brigade, on the reverse side of which is inscribed : The Iron Brigade Pears this Block of Granite to the Memory of a Loved Commander. John I. Gregg (born 1826, died 1892), colonel of the Eighth United States Cavalry and brevet brigadier-general, United States Army. At the close of the Civil War he received the brevet of major-general, volunteers. Retired in 1879. Waltee Q. Geesham (born 1832, died 1895), brigadier- general, volunteers. During the Civil War, until the fall of Vicksburg, was colonel of the Fifty-third Indiana Infantry; was Postmaster-General in President Arthur's Cabinet, and, at the time of his death. Secretary of State under Cleveland. His grave, indicated by a plain granite sarcophagus, adjoins that of Sheridan. 48 The Story of Arlington William S. Harney (born 1800, died 1889), brigadier and brevet major-general, United States Army ; was an officer in the regular army in the Black Hawk, Seminole, and Mexican Wars ; had been colonel of the Second Dragoons and was distinguished as an Indian fighter ; commanded the Department of the West at St. Louis in the early part of the Civil War ; retired in 1863. An imposing granite shaft, near the Fort Myer gate, marks his grave. Joseph A. Haskin (born 1818, died 1874), was a lieutenant in the regular army during the Mexican War, being twice bre- vetted for gallantry in action ; took part in the Civil War and at its close received the brevet of brigadier-general. United States Army, for faithful and meritorious service. William B, Hazen (born 1830, died 1887), brigadier-gen- eral, chief signal officer, United States Army, and major-general, volunteers. Graduated, United States Military Academy, 1855 ; served with distinction throughout the Civil War, going out as colonel of the Forty-first Ohio Infantry, and in 1864 being appointed major-general, volunteers, "for long and continued services of the highest character, and for special gallantry and service at Fort McAllister." In his capacity of chief signal oflScer, United States Army (to which he was appointed in 1880), he greatly improved the scientific character of the signal service of the United States and made it of high utility to commerce and agriculture. His grave at Arlington is indicated by a lofty undressed granite shaft overgrown with ivy. RuETjs Ingalls (born 1818, died 1893), quartermaster-gen- eral and brevet major-general, United States Army. Was a lieutenant in the First Dragoons in the Mexican War and chief quartermaster of the Army of the Potomac during the Civil War. August V. Kautz (born 1828, died 1895), brigadier-gen- eral. United States Army, and major-general, volunteers. He served throughout the Mexican War in the ranks of the First Ohio Volunteers and subsequently entered and graduated from West Point, becoming an officer in the regular army; in Septem- Officers of the Civil War 49' ber, 1862, was commissioned colonel of the Second Ohio Cavalry, and in October, 1864, made major-general, volunteers, for gal- lant and meritorious service in the campaign against Richmond ; retired in 1892. Benjamin F. Kelley (born 1807, died 1891), brigadier- general, volunteers. He organized and became colonel of the First Virginia, the first Union regiment raised in the South, and with his command won the first battle of the war, at Philippi (June 3, 1 861). He was subsequently promoted brigadier- gen- eral, volunteers, and in 1865, for gallant service at Cumberland and New Creek, received the brevet of major-general, volunteers. His old comrades are now raising a large fund for the erection of a handsome monument over his grave. John H. King (born 1826, died 1888), colonel. Ninth United States Infantry and brevet major-general. United States Army ;. was an officer in the regular army at the outbreak of the Civil War ; in November, 1862, was appointed brigadier-general, vol- unteers, and at the close of the war received the brevet of major- general, United States Army, for gallant and meritorious service in the field. Daniel Macauley was colonel of the Eleventh Indiana Infantry during the Civil War and brevet brigadier-general, volunteers. He died in Nicaragua in 1895, and his remains were brought home on the cruiser Detroit through the instru- mentality of Lafayette Post, No. 140, Department of New York, Grand Army of the Republic, and interred at Arlington in June, 1899. John S. Mason (born 1824, died 1897), brigadier-general,, volunteers, and colonel of Ninth United States Infantry. Ap- pointed colonel of Fourth Ohio Infantry, October, 1 861 ; brig- adier-general, volunteers, November, 1862; brevet brigadier- general, United States Army, 1865, for gallant services in the field ; retired in 1888. David B. MoKiebin (born 1831, died 1890), major, Tenth United States Cavalry, and brevet brigadier-general. United 50 The Story of Arlington States Army; was colonel of the 158th Pennsylvania Infantry ■during the Civil War ; retired in 1875. Montgomery C. Meigs* (born 1816, died 1892), brigadier and quartermaster-general and brevet major-general, United States Army ; graduated United States Military Academy, 1836 ; was quartermaster-general of the Army from May 15, 1861, until his retirement in 1882. His share in the selection and establish- ment of Arlington Cemetery has been mentioned. He was also a noted engineer officer ; built the Aqueduct Bridge at Cabin John, Md. ( a stone arch in a single spaa of 220 feet) , and super- vised the construction of the Pension Building and the existing dome of the Capitol at Washington. He rests at Arlington be- neath an imposing sarcophagus of marble. Robert B. Mitchell (born 1823, died 1882), was appointed brigadier-genera!, volunteers, in April, 1862, and served through ■the Civil War. John K. Mizner (born 1834, died 1898), brigadier-general, United States Army ; graduated from United States Military Academy, 1856 ; was colonel of the Third Michigan Cavalry throughout the Civil War ; commanded a division of cavalry at luka and Corinth ; at the close of the war received the brevet of brigadier-general, volunteers, and remained in the regular army ; retired in 1897. Joseph A. Mower (born 1827, died 1870), brigadier-general, ■volunteers ; was an officer in the Mexican War ; in the Civil War, colonel of the Eleventh Missouri Volunteers and brigadier- general, volunteers, November, 1862 ; received the brevet of major-general. United States Army, for gallantry. Albert Ordway (born 1843, died 1897), brevet brigadier- general, volunteers ; at the outbreak of the Civil War, enlisted in the Twenty-fourth Massachusetts Infantry and became colonel *A son of General Meigs, Lieut. John Eodgers Meigs (born 1842, died 1864), ^hlef engineer of the Army of the Shenandoah, was killed by guerillas while making a reoonnoissance and is buried beside his father. Over his grave is a green marble block which supports the recumbent figure in bronze of the young officer as he was picked up from the field. Officers of the Civil Wa7- 51 in 1864; brevet brigadier-general, volunteers, 1865 ; at the time of his death was brigadier-general, commanding District of Co- lumbia National Guard. Gabriel E,. Paul (born 1813, died 1886), brigadier-general. United States Army. He served in the Florida and Mexican Wars, and in the Civil War became brigadier-general, volunteers ; at Gettysburg, was deprived of the sight of both eyes by a rifle- ball, in consequence of which he was retired in 1865 as brigadier- general. United States Army, by special act of Congress, his lineal rank in the regular army being colonel of the Fourteenth United States Infantry. A monument has been erected over his. grave at Arlington by his comrades of the Grand Army of the Republic. Joseph B. Plummer (born 1820, died 1862), major. Eighth United States Infantry, and brigadier-general, volunteers ; served in the Mexican War ; in the early part of the Civil War wa» colonel of the Eleventh Missouri Volunteers, and became brig- adier-general, volunteers, in October, 1861. He died August 9,, 1862, in camp near Corinth, Miss., as the result of hardships of the compaign. John A. Rawlins (born 1831, died 1869), brigadier-general,- volunteers. In August, 1861, was major of the Forty-fifth Illi- nois Infantry ; subsequently became chief of staff to General Grant, and in August, 1863, was appointed brigadier-general ^ volunteers ; at the time of his death was Secretary of War in Grant's Cabinet. His remains were recently removed to Arling- ton (eastern slope) from the Congressional Cemetery at Wash- ington. The original monument erected over his grave by his children has also been transferred. James B. Ricketts (born 1817, died 1887), brigadier-general, volunteers, and brevet major-general, United States Army ; grad- uated from West Point in 1839 ; was an officer of artillery in the Mexican and Seminole Wars; in 1861, assisted in the con- struction of the defenses of Washington ; was appointed a brig- adier-general, volunteers, and participated in a score of battles, 52 The Story of Arlington being several times carried off the field wounded and once taken prisoner ; retired in 1867. His monument is a iiandsome granite shaft. LoVELL H. Rousseau (born 1818, died 1869), brigadier- general, United States Army,, and major-general, volunteers; was captain of the Second Indiana Volunteers in the Mexican War ; commissioned colonel of the Fifth Kentucky Volunteers in September, 1861 ; brigadier-general, volunteers, October 6, 1861, major-general, volunteers, October 8, 1862. He particu- larly distinguished himself in the second day's battle of Shiloh by recovering the headquarters abandoned by McClellan on the previous day ; in 1864, led a daring raid into central Alabama, and during the siege of Nashville defended Fort Rosecrans ; at the time of his death, was a brigadier-general, United States Army. His grave at Arlington is upon the eastern terrace. Green Clay Smith (born 1832, died 1895), brigadier-gen- eral, volunteers ; served in the Mexican War as an officer of the First Kentucky Cavalry ; in the Civil War, was colonel of the Fourth Kentucky Cavalry, and attained the rank of brigadier and brevet major-general, volunteers, for meritorious service. Samuel D. Stuegis (born 1822, died 1889), major-general, volunteers ; graduated from United States Military Academy, 1846; took part in the Mexican War as a lieutenant in the Second Dragoons; in August, 1861, was appointed a brigadier- general, volunteers, and the following year was in command of the defenses of Washington. He led a division of the Ninth Corps at South Mountain, Antietam, and Fredericksbui'g and in 1863-64 was chief of cavalry in the Department of the Ohio, capturing the forces of General Vance. He attained the rank of major-general, volunteers, and brevet major-general, United States Army ; colonel of the Seventh United States Cavalry in 18G0, and retired as such in 1886. John E. Tourtbllotte fborn 1833, died 1891), major. Seventh United States Cavalry, and brevet brigadier-general. Officers of the Civil War 53 voluateers ; was colonel of the Fourth Minnesota Infantry during the Civil War, and at its close entered the regular army. Horatio G. Weight (born 1820, died 1899), brigadier-gen- eral, chief of engineers, and brevet major-general. United States Army ; graduated from United States Military Academy in 1841 ; supervised the construction of the defenses of Washing- ton and was chief engineer of Heintzelman's Division at Bull Kun and in the Port Royal expedition ; in September, 1861, was appointed a brigadier-general, volunteers, and rendered dis- tinguished service at Rappahannock Station and Spottsylvania, and repulsed Early in front of Washington. Upon General Sedgwick's death, he succeeded to the command of the Sixth Corps ; received the brevet of major-general, United States Army, for gallantry at Petersburg, where his corps made the first break in the Confederate lines ; was chief engineer, United States Army, from 1879 until his retirement in 1884. His grave at Arlington is in front of the mansion, close to that of Admiral Porter. 54 The Btory of Arlington CHAPTER YII. EMINENT OFFICERS OF THE NAVY BUEIED AT ARLINGTON, "How sleep the brave, who sink to rest By all their country's wishes blessed ; ***** By fairy hands their knell is rung, By forms unseen their dirge is sung ; There Honor comes, a pilgrim gray. To bless the turf that wraps their clay ; And Freedom shall awhile repair, To dwell a weeping hermit there !" Collins. Ammen— Clitz— Colhoun — Crosby— DeKraflFt — English — Febiger — Jenkins —Johnson — Lee — Marthon — Meade— Queen — Scott— 8hu- feldt— Skerrett — Stevens — Stone. The Army and the Navy are on an equality at Arlington ; interspersed among the graves of heroes of bloody fields are the tombs of many who won fame upon the decks of vessels of war. In addition to the memorial exercises conducted by the Grand Army in the amphitheater, special services in commemoration of the naval heroes are held each Decoration Day at Arlington beneath a large tent which is pitched for the occasion in front of the mansion. Daniel Ammen (born 1820, died 1898), rear-admiral, United Stales Navy. Entered the Navy as midshipman in 1836, and participated in several naval engagements .of the Civil War, commanding the Seneca at Port Royal, the monitor Patapsco at Forts McAllister and Sumter, and the Mohican in both attacks on Fort Fisher; retired in 1878. John M. B. Clitz (born 1821, died 1897), rear-admiral. United States Navy ; midshipman, 1837 ; took part in Mexican War and as a commander in the Civil War, being present at both attacks on Fort Fisher ; commissioned rear-admiral, 1880 ; re- tired, 1884. Officers of the Navy 55 Edmund E. Colhoun (born 1821, died 1897), rear-admiral, United States Navy ; was engaged in the Mexican War as a mid- shipman, and as a lieutenant and commander in many actions of the Civil War. Pierce Crosby (born 1823, died 1899), rear-admiral. United States Navy ; saw naval service in the Mexican War, and in the Civil War took part in important operations on the Mississippi Eiver as a lieutenant under Farragut; rear-admiral, 1882; retired, 1883. James C. P. DeKeafft (born 1826, died 1885), rear-admiral, United States Navy ; was a midshipman in the Mexican War ; commanded a vessel in the Western Gulf blockading squadron in 1864-65; became rear-admiral in 1885. Eael English (born 1824, died 1893), rear-admiral, United States Navy ; was engaged as a midshipman in some of the naval operations of the Mexican War, and in the Civil War commanded the Somerset and Sagamore in the East Gulf squadron, capturing several blockade runners ; rear-admiral in 1884 ; retired in 1886. John C. Febiger (born 1821, died 1898), rear-admiral, United States Navy; midshipman, 1838; served in Civil War as a commander, and distinguished himself in an engagement with the Confederate ram Albemarle in Albemarle Sound, N. C, May 5, 1864 ; rear-admiral, 1882 ; retired same year. Thornton A. Jenkins (born 1811, died 1893), rear-admiral, United States Navy. Entered the Navy as midshipman in 1828 ; took part in the Mexican War, being executive officer of the sloop of war Germantown ; in 1863, was fleet captain and chief- of-staff to Farragut ; led the fleet at the passage of Port Hudson, March, 1863, and was senior naval officer in command at its surrender in the following July ; subsequently performed block- ade duty in Mobile Bay; rear-admiral, 1870 ; retired, 1873. Philip C.Johnson (born 1828, died 1887), rear-admiral United States Navy. As a midshipman was present at the bom- bardment of Vera Cruz in the Mexican War, and from 1861 to 1863 commanded a vessel in the Western Gulf squadron. 66 The 8tory of Arlington Samuel Phillips Lee (born 1812, died 1897), rear-admiral, United States Navy. Took part as a commander in the impor- tant naval operations from New Orleans to Vicksburg ;'was in command of the advanced division of Farragut's squadron which reached the city of Yicksburg on May 18, 1863; commissioned rear-admiral in 1870 ; retired in 1873. Joseph Maethon (born 1839, died 1891), lieutenant-com- mander. United States Navy ; served in the Civil War under Farragut, and in the battle of Mobile Bay (August 5, 1864) was with the great admiral in the maintop of the flagship Hart- ford. This episode is depicted upon the granite face of his monu- ment at Arlington. EiCHAED WoESAM Meade (born 1837, died 1897), rear-ad- miral. United States Navy. Distinguished himself as a lieutenant- commander under Admiral Porter, by whom he was highly com- mended in official despatches ; commanded the gunboat Marble- head in operations against Charleston, and was recommended for promotion for gallant conduct at the battle of Stono Inlet, S. C. (December, 1863); reached the grade of rear-admiral in 1894; retired in 1895. His grave at Arlington is marked simply by a metal tablet erected by Lafayette Post, Grand Army of the Republic, of New York. "Waltbe W. Queen (born 1824, died 1893), rear-admiral, United States Navy. Participated in naval operations of the Mexican War as midshipman ; during the Civil War, commanded the Second Division of Porter's mortar fleet in the attack upon New Orleans, and took part in the siege of Vicksburg, passing the forts with Farragut ; was commissioned rear-admiral in 1886, and the same year retired. GusTAVus H. Scott (born 1812, died 1882), rear-admiral. United States Navy. Entered the Navy as midshipman in 1 828 ; served in the Civil War as a commander, and was engaged with Confederate shore batteries on the coast of North Carolina, cap- turing several blockade runners ; became rear-admiral in 1873, and was retired the following year. Officers of the Navy 57 Robert W. Shufbldt (born 1822, died 1895), rear-admiral, United States Navy ; midshipman, 1839 ; served in the Civil War and as a commander took part in the engagements at Mor- ris Island, near Charleston; rear-admiral, 1883; retired, 1884. Joseph S. Skekrett (born 1833, died 1897), rear-admiral. United States Navy. Commanded a gunboat in the Western Gulf squadron during the Civil War and rendered notable service in an action at the mouth of the Brazos River. Thomas Holdup Stevens (born 1819, died 1896), rear- admiral. United States Navy. Took part in many important naval operations of the Civil War ; reached the grade of rear- admiral in 1879 ; retired, 1881. Edward E. Stone (born 1826, died 1892), commander. United States Navy. Took part as a lieutenant-commander in several naval engagements of the Civil War, including the cap- ture of Fort Anderson. 68 The Story of Arlington CHAPTER VIII. aelington's heritage fkom the spanish-amekican wae. officers of the army who sacrificed their lives, and incidents connected with their deaths. "Oh ! wrap hina in that banner proud To keep whose honor bright he died ; None other fit for soldier's shroud Than our flag of stars— our Nation's pride ; And lay his sword down by his side, Its work is well and nobly done ; Our flag to-day floats high with pride— The glorious battle's dearly won." I. The Regulars: Barrett — Brewer— A. Capron — Dickinson — Dodge— Elliot— Forse— Gilbreath— Haskell— Hubert—Lewis— Neary —O'Brien— Ord — Osborne — Bowell— Smith — Turman— Wetherill —Wood. II. The Volunteers : A. K. Capron— Harden— O'Neill— Allen— A. K. Barnett — L. I. Barnett. III. Martyrs of the Philippine War : Egbert^Mitchell— Stotsen- burg. On the northern edge of the officers' section, between the- stables and the Revolutionary graves, is the plot dedicated tO' the heroic officers who gave up their lives in the War for Hu- manity. Here is a score of fresh graves, several of them already marked by handsome memorial stones. It is noteworthy that while the great majority of the officers who served in the Civil War and whose remains repose at Arlington died peaceful deaths long after the close of the conflict, every one of this little band was either killed or died of wounds or of fever contracted in the dreadful tropical campaign. The case of the young lieutenants of the regular army is espe- cially pathetic. Some of those whose names appear below were, when their regiments formed in line at the base of San Juan or Officers of the Spanish-American War 59 El Caney, in the full vigor of health, ambitious, hopeful, and with a half century of joyous and profitable life before them ; only a few minutes later, when the thin blue line had swept up the steep slope and won the position, they no longer lived to hear the faint cheer of the exhausted victors ; others passed unscathed through the ordeal of battle, but fell victims to the deadly fever, dying on Cuban soil or tremblingly clinging to life until they reached the shores of their native land. All honor to the memory of these noble regulars — gentlemen and patriots by instinct, scholars and soldiers by profession, and martyrs — "In a mighty cause, their Phoenix souls Rose on the flames of Victory to Heaven." Their Roll of Honor is as follows : I. OFFICEES, UNITED STATES AEMY. Geegory Baeeett, captain of the Tenth United States In- fantry. He served in the Union army during the Civil War, at its close being lieutenant- colonel and brevet colonel of the Fourth Maryland Infantry ; went to Cuba with his regiment, the Tenth Infantry, and was in command of his company in the charge on San Juan Hill; died of fever at Santiago, August 7, 1898. Madison M. Brewee, captain and assistant surgeon. United States Army. He served with the Tenth United States Cavalry at Santiago ; survived an attack of yellow fever in Cuba, but on his return to the United States succumbed to typhoid, dying at Washington, October 4, 1898. Allyn Capeon, captain of the First United States Artil- lery. Born in Florida, 1846; appointed to United States Mili- tary Academy from North Carolina ; graduated, 1867 ; with his battery. Light Battery E, he opened the battle of El Caney ; participated in the siege of Santiago, and on its capitulation fired the salute in honor of the victory ; died, September 18, 1898, near Fort Myer, Va., of typhoid fever contracted in Cuba. Walter Mason Dickinson, captain of the Seventeenth United States Infantry. Born in Massachusetts, 1856 ; ap- 60 The Story of Arlington pointed from that State to United States Military Academy, and graduated 1880. In the battle of El Caney he was wounded in the arm, but seeing Lieutenant-Colonel Haskell of his regiment fall, he hastened to the rear for help, and on his return received a mortal wound, from which be died on July 2, 1898. His grave at Arlington adjoins that of his commander, in whose behalf he perished. Charles Dodge, captain of the Twenty-fourth United States Infantry. Was a native of the District of Columbia ; enlisted in the Army and rose from the ranks; fought with his regi- ment at San Juan Hill, and after its capture volunteered as nurse in the yellow fever hospital at Siboney ; contracted the dread scourge there, and died at Santiago, July 30, 1898, a noble victim of his humanity. William George Elliot, lieutenant of the Twelfth United States Infantry. Born in California, 1863 ; appointed to United States Military Academy from the District of Columbia, and graduated, 1886 ; led his company in the charge at El Caney j on the 26th of July, 1898, entered the hospital suffering from yellow fever, and died there, August 11th. Albert Gallatin Forse, major of the First United States Cavalry. Born in Pennsylvania in 1841 ; appointed from Ohio to United States Military Academy, and graduated, 1865; was in several Indian campaigns — in 1866 against the Apaches; in 1877, the Nez Perces ; in 1878, the Bannocks. In the Cuban campaign, at San Juan, he was in command of the second squad- ron of the First Cavalry; late in the afternoon of July 1, 1898, after the capture of the heights and while exposing himself to discover the enemy's position a Spanish bullet struck him in the breast, killing him almost instantly. Erasmus C. Gilbreath, major of the Eleventh United States Infantry. He served in the Union army during the Civil War, and in 1863 attained the rank of major of the Twentieth In- diana Infantry ; subsequently, entered the regular army, went Officers of the Spanish- American War 61 to Porto Rico with his regiment, and died in camp, near Maya- guez, Porto Eico, on August 22, 1898. Joseph T, Haskell, lieutenant-colonel of the Seventeenth United States Infantry and brigadier-general, volunteers. Was a native of Ohio and a veteran of the Civil War, being brevetted, successively, major, lieutenant-colonel, and colonel of volunteers for faithful and meritorious service in the sub- sistence department; led his regiment in the attack on El Caney, where he was severely wounded ; on his return to the United States he was appointed a brigadier-general of volun- teers. On the 16th of September, 1898, he rode in a carriage through the streets of Columbus, Ohio, at the head of his victo- rious regiment, receiving the applause of the multitude ; but the excitement proved too much for his impaired strength, and the same day he suddenly expired at Columbus barracks. Edgak Hubert, captain of the Eighth United States In- fantry. Born in Georgia, 1857 ; appointed from same State to United States Military Academy, and graduated, 1880; died, August 4, 1898, at Ponce, Porto Rico. Louis Hoffman Lewis, lieutenant of the Ninth United States Infantry. Born in New York, 1872; appointed from that State to United States Military Academy, and graduated, 1895. In the attack on San Juan, July 1, 1898, while his regi- ment was crossing a bullet-swept tield preparatory to ascending the heights, he turned to the soldiers of his company and ex- claimed, "Isn't this fine, boys!" A few minutes later he was lying in the agonies of death. William C. Neary, lieutenant of the Fourth United States Infantry. Was a native of Georgia ; enlisted in the Army and earned a commission ; went to Cuba with his regiment and par- ticipated in the charge on El Caney, where he received wounds from which he died, July 9, 1898, on the hospital ship Relief. Michael J. O'Brien, lieutenant of the Fifth United States Infantry. Born in Massachusetts, 1863 ; appointed from that State to United States Military Academy, and graduated, 1885. 62 The Story of Arlington At the outbreak of the Spanish War he had resigned, but quickly recalled his resignation and went to Cuba with his regiment after the cessation of hostilities. He died at Santiago, September 16, 1898. Jules G. Oed, lieutenant of the Sixth United States Infantry. Was the son of the late Gen. E. O. C. Ord, and a native of Michi- gan ; enlisted in the Army and earned his commission. He lost his life at San Juan, Santiago, July 1, 1898, in an effort to spare that of an enemy. In the charge up the hill, he led his men, shouting to them, " Come on, boys ! " When they reached the summit, the blockhouse had already been captured and the trenches were filled with dead and dying Spaniards. A private in the Sixth Infantry noticing a wounded Spanish officer with his hand upon his gun, took aim at him, whereupon Lieutenant Ord commanded, "Don't shoot that man! He's wounded." A moment later the Spaniard raised his weapon and shot the merci- ful young officer dead, and was himself riddled with American bullets. Lieutenant Ord's grave is on the eastern terrace, near that of General Berdan. William Headley Osboene, lieutenant of the First United States Cavalry. Born in Pennsylvania, 1870 ; appointed from same State to United States Military Academy, and graduated, 1891 ; went to Cuba with his regiment and took part in all the fighting before Santiago. After the surrender, the quarter- master of the First Cavalry having been sent home sick. Lieu- tenant Osborne was designated to perform his duties, which re- quired him to go daily in the hot sun to Santiago, several miles from camp, to supei-intend the unloading of supplies for his regi- ment. In consequence of this detail he contracted typhoid fever from which he died, August 23, 1898, at Camp Wikoff, Montauk Point, N. Y. Charles W. Rowell, captain of the Second United States Infantry. Born in New York, 1850 ; appointed from New York to United States Military Academy, and graduated, 1874; was engaged in the Nez Perces campaign of 1877 and in the last ; H e R I n A N :_//'• THE SHERIDAN GATE. Officers of the Spanish-American War 63 •campaign against the Sioux. He accompanied his regiment to Ouba, took part in the charge on San Juan, and was killed before Santiago by a shell during the bombardment of July 10, 1898. William Haevey Smith, lieutenant of the Tenth United States Cavalry. Born in Missouri, 1860 ; appointed from that ■State to United States Military Academy, and graduated, 1883 ; Trent to Cuba with his regiment and was killed in the charge on San Juan Hill, July 1, 1898. He was very popular with the men of his troop, and it is said that when his death became known to them, many of the sturdy colored heroes wept like children. An extraordinary series of coincidences linked the life of Lieutenant Smith with that of a brother officer, Lieut. William E. Shipp, of the Tenth Cavalry. They entered West Point together, were room-mates and closest chums throughout their course, were assigned on graduation to the same regiment, joined it at the same post, and, with the exception of a short interval, constantly served together. In the charge of the dismounted -cavalry at San Juan Hill, both were instantly killed, almost simultaneously, and within a few feet of each other. Each left a wife and little children. Without prearrangement, these heroes were buried with military honors on the same day and within the same hour — one at Arlington and the other at Lincolnton, N. C. Reuben S. Tubman, lieutenant of the Sixth United States Infantry. Was a native of Mississippi and was appointed from that State to West Point, where he remained for three years, but ■did not graduate ; subsequently enlisted in the Army and gained ,a commission ; died at San Juan, Santiago, on July 4, 1898, of wounds received in action. Alexander M. Wetherill, captain of the Sixth United States Infantry. He was a native of Pennsylvania and was killed July 1, 1898, at San Juan Hill. 64 The Story of Arlington "William M. Wood, lieutenant of the Twelfth United States Infantry. "Was a native of Kansas ; enlisted in the Army and rose from the ranks ; was in action with his regiment at El Caney and died of fever at Santiago, August 12, 1898. II. UNITED STATES VOLTJNTEEE OFFICERS. Allyn K. Capkon, lieutenant of the Seventh United States- Cavalry and captain of the First United States Volunteer Cav- alry ("Eough Riders"); son of Captain Capron, above men- tioned; was born in New York ; enlisted in the Army and rose from the ranks ; killed in the battle of Las Guasimas, June 24, 1898. He lived a few minutes after being shot through the body, and it is related that when several of his comrades ran to his assistance he exclaimed, " Go on with your fighting ; that is- what you are here for." His body was originally interred at Siboney. Colonel Roosevelt has written of him that he was, " on the whole, the best soldier in the regiment."* There is a melancholy romance connected with the graves of young Capron and Lieutenant Osborne. At the outbreak of the war they were next-door neighbors and intimate friends at Fort Sill, Oklahoma. Osborne's regiment, the First Cavalry, was ordered to the front, but the Seventh Cavalry, to which Lieutenant Capron belonged, remained in the "United States, "While Lieutenant Osborne was in camp at Chickamauga Park, he received a letter from Capron — found in his uniform after his death at Montauk Point — in which the writer, while con- gratulating his friend on his fortune in being ordered to the front, bitterly lamented that his own regiment had been left be- hind, but added that he was still " straining every nerve " to secure an assignment that would enable him to see active service. Only a few days later he received a commission as captain in the newly-organized regiment of "Rough Riders," and advanced gallantly to a glorious death in the Cuban jungle ; whereas Lieu- tenant Osborne passed unscathed through the furious storming * The Rough Riders, toy Theodore Roosevelt (1899). Officers oj the. Spanish-American War 65 of the heights of San Juan and survived the horrors of the transport ship only to succumb at Camp Wikoff to the merciless fever. "Without any design, it has so happened that the graves- at Arlington of Lieutenants Osborne and Capron are almost side by side, making them neighbors in death as in life. EiCHARD J. Haeden, lieutenant of the First District of Co- lumbia Volunteer Infantry. He accompanied his regiment ta Cuba, arriving in front of Santiago before the close of hostilities. Although in a weak condition, he insisted on remaining in the trenches with his comrades until forced to enter the field hos- pital, where he died August 9, 1898. William O. O'Neill, captain of the First United States Vol- unteer Cavalry ("Rough Riders"). He was widely known in the Southwest as " Bucky " O'Neill, and had earned a reputa- tion as a fearless sheriff ; at the outbreak of the Spanish- Ameri- can War he was mayor of Prescott, Ariz., and resigned to go to the front ; he met his death July 1, 1898, just as his regiment was preparing to charge up San Juan Hill. His colonel relates* that a few moments before his death. Captain O'Neill, calmly smoking a cigarette^ was strolling in front of his men, who were lying down, when one of the sergeants, fearful for his safety,, cried, "Captain, a bullet is sure to hit you;" to which O'Neill retorted, " Sergeant, the Spanish bullet isn't made that will kill me." The words were scarcely uttered when he was instantly killed by a gunshot wound in the head. Three colored officers of volunteers, who died of fever in Cuba while performing garrison duty, are buried at Arlington, in the southern section of the cemetery. They belonged to regi- ments of colored immunes, which were sent into the province of Santiago on the withdrawal of Shafter's army and remained there about six months. These officers are : John C. Allen, lieutenant of the Ninth United States Vol- unteer Infantry. *The Rough Riders, by Theodore Roosevelt. 66 The Story of Arlington Arthur K. Barnett, lieutenant of the Twenty-third Kansas Volunteer Infantry. L. I. Barnett, lieutenant of the Ninth United States Vol- unteer Infantry, III. MARTYRS OF THE PHILIPPIlirE WAR. Harry C. Egbert, colonel of the Twenty-second United States Infantry and brigadier-general of volunteers. He was a native of Pennsylvania, and as gallant a soldier as lies beneath the sod at Arlington. He served in the Civil War from 1861 to 1865 as a lieutenant in the regular army, being brevetted cap- tain for gallantry at North Anna, and major, for meritorious service at Bethesda Church, where he was wounded. His army career illustrates how slowly promotion comes to some, for, not- withstanding faithful services, he remained a captain during a ■quarter of a century following the war, participating in several campaigns against the Indians. At the outbreak of the Spanish- American War he was lieutenant-colonel of the Sixth United States Infantry ; went to Cuba in command of his regiment ; led it up the heights of San Juan, and in the charge was shot through the lungs by a Mauser bullet. Apparently, this was the end of his active career, especially as he was not a robust man; but he recovered, and reported for duty with the Twenty- second United States Infantry, of which he had meanwhile been promoted colonel ; he had also, on October 1, 1898, been ap- pointed a brigadier-general of volunteers, and honorably mus- tered out as such, December 1, 1898. Colonel Egbert received orders to proceed to the Philippines in command of his regiment, and on arrival was despatched to the front. On the 26th of March, 1899, while leading his men in a charge against the insurgents at Malinta, he was fatally wounded, and died on the way back to Manila. The press des- patches, in describing his death, related the following pathetic •colloquy between General Wheaton, the brigade commander, and the dying colonel : " Nobly done, Egbert," said Wheaton, Officers of the Spanish-American War 67 as he approached the litter upon which the sufferer lay. " Good- bye, General," replied the hero, " I must die ; I am too old."^ It was, indeed, the fifth time the gallant veteran had been wounded during his career in the Army of the United States. His remains were brought to this country, and in May, 1899, were laid to rest with military honors at Arlington, close to the graves of Haskell, Forse, and the other heroes of Santiago. James Mitchell, lieutenant of the Fourteenth United States Infantry. Was a native of Ireland ; enlisted in the Army in 1867, and rose from the ranks ; accompanied his regiment to- the Philippines, and was killed in action at Manila, February 6, 1899 ; his remains were interred at Arlington in April, 1899. John Millee Stotsenbueg, captain of the Sixth United States Cavalry and colonel of the First Nebraska Volunteers. Born in Indiana, 1858 ; appointed from that State to United States Military Academy, and graduated, 1881 ; assisted in or- ganizing the First Nebraska regiment ; was appointed a major in it, and accompanied it to the Philippines ; being promoted colo- nel, he worked untiringly to bring his command to the high standard of efficiency that characterizes the regiments of the regular army. The strictness of discipline necessarily em- ployed caused much complaint among the volunteers, and as a result the Legislature of Nebraska took action to have the War Department recall Colonel Stotsenburg to his regular command ; but, happily, the department refused to condemn the officer without a hearing. Meanwhile, Colonel Stotseriburg's gallant conduct in action and the brilliant showing of the regi- ment he had drilled caused a revulsion of sentiment on the part of the men. On April 23, 1899, while leading his regiment in a bayonet charge at Quinqua, when within two hundred yards of the rebel trenches, he fell dead with a bullet in his breast. The Nebraskans had cheered him when he came upon the field that day, and they sincerely mourned his loss. He was buried at Arlington, June 1, 1899. 68 The Story of Arlington CHAPTEE IX. SAD AFTERMATH OF THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR. " Ye must not slumber there, Where stranger steps and tongues resound Along the heedless air. Your own proud land's heroic soil Shall be your fitter grave; She claims from "War his richest spoil — The ashes of her brave." Theodore O'Haba. Graves of Our Soldier Dead in Cuba and Porto Rico — Mission of the Burial Corps — Bringing Home the Heroes' Remains — Ceremo- nies on Their Reinterment at Arlington — Significance of the New Graves. In a new section of the cemetery, a half mile to the south of the officers' burial field, are the graves of six huadred gallant boys who were killed or died of disease in Cuba and Porto Rico during the war with Spain, and whose remains were brought by a grateful country from the distant battle-fields and camps and reinterred with military honors at Arlington. This plot was the scene, in the spring of 1899, of two mem- orable burials upon a vast scale. During the Cuban campaign the American soldiers killed in the advance on Santiago were hastily interred near the spot where they fell ; in a few instances, in roughly constructed coffins, but mostly wrapped in blankets or square pieces of canvas from the shelter tents. In some cases the deep trenches captured from the Spaniards were utilized as temporary graves, each being marked by a rough board or shin- gle, inscribed with the occupant's name or perhaps merely a number. The dead heroes of the fight at Las Guasimas were laid to rest in a row upon the battle-field ; those who fell in the moment of victory at San Juan and El Caney reposed on the crest and slopes of those heights, while at Siboney lay hundreds of poor fellows who never got beyond the field hospital. At Aftermath of the Spanish- American War 69 Ponce, Guayama, and other points in Porto Rico were little graveyards dotted with headboards inscribed with the names of American soldiers who had died in the military hospitals at those places. The cemetery at Ponce, especially, was in dis- graceful condition, broiling under the tropical sun, filled with rank weeds, and swarming with loathsome laud crabs. Every sense of propriety and national duty demanded that the remains of all these heroes should be brought home, and, therefore. Con- gress passed the following act, approved July 8, 1898: " To enable the Secretary of War, in his discretion, to cause to be transported to their homes the remains of officers and soldiers who die at military camps or who are killed in action or who die in the field at places outside of the limits of the United States, two hundred thousand dollars." The deficiency act of March 3, 1899, made a further appropria- tion of $100,000 for the same purposes. In September, 1898, Mr. D. H. Rhodes, of the Arlington Ceme- tery, went to Santiago to make preparations for the removal of the remains of soldiers and during the following winter a burial corps under his charge, consisting of undertakers and assistants, was sent by the Government to Cuba and Porto Rico to accom- plish the work. Delegates from various regiments accompanied the corps for the purpose of assisting in identifying their com- rades. On arrival they discovered that in many instances the rude headboards marking the graves had become displaced and that in all there were 139 bodies which defied identification. The case of Captain O'Neill of the "Rough Riders" illustrates the difficulties encountered. His friends searched for his grave in vain for weeks, and finally, with the assistance of the chaplain of the regiment, found it unmarked on the slope of San Juan Hill. Owing to the danger of infection from yellow fever, unusual precautions were observed in transferring the remains from the tropics. On being disinterred the bodies were swathed in disin- fected sheets and placed in metallic-lined caskets, which were then 70 The Story of Arlington hermetically sealed and encased in iron-bound pine boxes. Two expeditions to the United States were necessary. The first ship- ment arrived at New York March 28, 1899, on the United States, transport Crook, and consisted of 670 bodies, of which 550 were from Cuba and 120 from Porto Rico. About half the entire- number were promptly claimed by relatives and taken away for private interment; the remainder, 336 bodies,* of which 110 remained unidentified, were shipped to Arlington by two special trains, the coaches being draped in mourning and guarded by soldiers of the regular army. On April 3, 1899, President McK^inley issued the following executive order in regard to the reinterment of these heroes: " It is fitting that in behalf of the Nation tributes of honor her paid to the memories of the noble men who lost their lives in their country's service during the late war with Spain. It is the more fitting inasmuch as in consonance with the spirit of our free institutions and in obedience to the most exalted promptings of patriotism those who were sent to other shores to do battle for their country's honor, under their country's flag, went freely from every quarter of our beloved land. Each soldier, each sailor, parting from home ties and putting behind him private interests in the presence of the stern emergency of unsought war with an alien foe, was an individual type of that devotion of the citizen to the State which makes our Nation strong in unity and in action. " Those who died in another land left in many homes the un- dying memories that attend the heroic dead of all ages. It was fitting that with the advent of peace, won by their sacrifice, their bodies should be gathered with tender care and restored to home and kindred. This has been done with the dead of Cuba and Porto Rico. Those of the Philippines still rest where they fell,, watched over by their surviving comrades and crowned with the love of a grateful Nation. "The remains of many brought to our shores have been de- livered to their families for private burial, but for others of the brave officers and men who perished there has been reserved in- terment in ground sacred to the soldiers and sailors amid the *The number actually interred by the Government was 325; the others were removed by relatives after arrival at Arlington, 2 Z -I m X S n z H 3 )> 31 H < X (0 O ■n H I n tn ■0 j> z U) I Aftermath of the Spanish- American War 71 tributes of military honor and national mourning they have so well deserved. " I therefore order : " That, upon the arrival of the cortege at the National Ceme- tery at Arlington all proper military and naval honors be paid to the dead heroes ; that suitable ceremonies shall attend their interment ; that the customary salute of mourning be fired at the cemetery ; and that, on the same day, at 2 o'clock p. m., Thurs- day, the 6th day of April, the National ensign be displayed at half staff on all public buildings, forts, camps, and public ves- sels of the United States ; and that at 12 o'clock noon of said day, all the departments of the Government at Washington shall be closed. "William McKinley. "Executive Mansion, April 3, 1899." The funeral ceremonies took place shortly after 2 o'clock on the afternoon of the 6th of April, 1899, in the presence of Presi- dent McKinley, Major-General Miles, commanding the Army, Major-Geueral Joseph Wheeler, members of the Cabinet and other prominent officials, as well as a multitude of citizens of all social ranks and degrees, conservatively estimated to number twenty thousand. The entire military forces of Washington, com- prising an infantry brigade of the National Guard, battalion of naval reserves, and companies of regular cavalry, artillery, and marines, were in attendance under arms. The graves had been prepared at regular intervals within ao extensive square, and over each a flag-draped coffin rested upon cross-beams. Soldiers of the National Guard, most of whom, as members of the First District of Columbia Volunteer Infan- try, had seen service in the trenches before Santiago, filed slowly in without arms, and took station in squads beside each grave as a last guard of honor. With bared heads, the President of the United States and other distinguished participants approached the burial plot, and the solemnities began. An army chaplain spoke the impressive military committal service, and was fol- lowed by a priest of the Eoman Catholic Church, who conse- crated the earth for the soldier dead of that faith ; then a com- 72 The Story oj Arlington pauy of artillery fired three volleys as a parting tribute to the heroes, a bugler sounded " taps " in sweet yet mournful notes, and the assembled host began to disperse. On April 26, 1899, the Crook arrived at New York with her second cargo of sacred freight, consisting of 356 bodies of sol- diers and marines — 246 from Santiago, 98 from Porto Eico, and 12 marines from Guantanamo ; 84 of this shipment were at once delivered to relatives. Three days later a funeral train of nine cars reached Arlington, and on May 2, 1899, at 11 o'clock in the morning, military obsequies were performed over the remains of 272 [267 were actually buried] heroes at the same plot as on the former occasion. Of this shipment all except twenty-nine had been identified. Interspersed among the graves of the soldiers of the Civil War are the tombs of eighteen young heroes, who enlisted in the First District of Columbia Volunteers, and went to Santiago as part of the reinforcements for Shafter's army. Some of them died in Cuba, others at Camp Wikoff, and still others lingered to pass away in their homes at Washington.* And so it has come to pass that a very large contingent of the martyrs of the Spanish-American War repose at Arlington. But they did not die in vain ; for they fought in a righteous cause, and helped to liberate an oppressed people and win an empire, causing the flag of our country to be respected through- out the world as never before ; and, what is perhaps the chief glory, their patriotism knew no geographical lines within the limits of the Union, so that henceforth these new-made graves at Arlington, where children of the North rest eternally beside comrades of the South, will symbolize a rehabilitated and solidi- * The complete list of these patriots, whose memory should be especially hon- ored by Washingtonians, is as follows : Frank E. Barrows. Frank R. Griffith. Socrates Maupin. Isadore B. Belmont. Milton S. Hilton. WiUiam T. Nelson. ^ Henry A. Dobson. George N. Hodge. Warren S. Reed. Lee Dunnington. Henry Jacobson. George F. Schming. Newton H. Ferree. Henry Jost. William E. Stearns. George Gaskell. Thomas C. S. Maddox. Ausburn F. Towner. Aftermath of the Spanish-American War 73 fied nation. Throughout the ages Arlington will continue to furnish a grand object lesson in patriotism and valor, and at the reveille of the Eesurrection Dawn the slumbering army of pa- triots will burst their tombs asunder and emerge in glorious martial array. " Give them the meed they have won in the past; Give them the honors their merits forecast; Give them theehaplets they won in the strife; Give them the laurels they lost with their lives." 74 The Story oj Arlington CHAPTER X. DBCOEATIOISr DAY AT AELINGTON. " These in the robings of glory, Those in the gloom of defeat: All with the battle -blood gory, In the dusk of eternity meet; Under the sod and the dew. Waiting the judgment day; Under the laurel, the Blue; Under the willow, the Gray." Fkancis M. Finch. Its First Observance— Garfield's Address— B. F. Taylor's Poem — Naval Ceremonies— Col. W. H. Michael's Address. The beautiful custom of annually strewing flowers upon the- graves of soldiers originated in the South at the close of the Civil War. In some localities the relatives of Confederate dead, when decorating the graves of their beloved ones, did not for- get the fallen Union soldiers who were buried in their midst.* " Unknown as veiled within the sheltering sod. Yet dear to liberty and known to God." This generous act of impartiality on the part of Southern wo- men was gratefully appreciated in the North, and soon the cus- tom was adopted by general consent throughout the country. On May 5, 1868, Gen. John A. Logan, commander-in-chief of the Grand Army of the Republic, issued the following general orders (No. 11) : "The 30th day of May, 1868, is designated for the purpose of strewing with flowers or otherwise decorating the graves of comrades who died in defense of their country during the late rebellion, and whose bodies now lie in almost every city, vil- lage, and hamlet churchyard in the land. In this observance *One of the places at which this touching Incident occurred was Columbus,- MtBS., which fact suggested Francis M. Finch's poem, The Blue and the Gray. One of its stanzas is quoted at the head of this chapter. Decoration Day at Arlington 75 no form of ceremony is prescribed, but posts and comrades will, in their own way, arrange such fitting services and testimonials of respect as circumstances may permit." In compliance with these recommendations, May 30, 1868, was generally observed as the first Memorial Day. The ceremonies at Arlington on this occasion were held at the mansion in the afternoon, and were very impressive and memor- able. By an executive order, employees of the various depart- ments of the Government were given an opportunity to attend, and a profusion of flowers was supplied from the Government conservatories and contributed by the ladies of Washington. Among the distinguished participants were General Grant and his staff, General Hancock and staff, Generals Howard, Emery, Porter, and Babcock, and several prominent members of the Diplomatic Corps. Seats were arranged in rows on the portico for the invited guests, including fifty-four little orphan children from the Soldiers' and Sailors' Orphan Asylum of Washington — a pathetic group, assembled for the first time to help honor the memory of their fallen soldier-fathers. The orator of the day was Gen. James A. Garfield, member of Congress from Ohio. He had a fine military record, having been chief-of-staff to General Rosecrans and attained the rank of major-general of volunteers, resigning December 5, 1863, at the request of President Lincoln, to take the seat in Congress to which he had been elected several months previously. He was now only thirty- six years of age, but already enjoyed a repu- tation as a gifted orator, with a brilliant political future before him and no presage of his fated martyrdom. His address at Arlington surpasses, we believe, anything ever spoken there, where many eminent orators have risen under the inspiration of the theme and place to their highest achievement. The follow- ing report of Garfield's oration is reproduced from the Washing- ton National Republican of June 1, 1868 : " I am oppressed with a sense of the impropriety of uttering words on this occasion. If silence is ever golden, it must be 76 The Story of Arlington here beside the graves of fifteen thousand men whose lives were more significant than speech, and whose death was a poem, the music of which can never be sung. With words we make promises, plight faith, and praise virtue. Promises may not be kept, plighted faith may be broken, and vaunted virtue be only the cunning mask of vice. We do not know one promise these men made, one pledge they gave, one word they spoke, but we do know they summed up and perfected by one supreme act the highest virtues of men and citizens. For love of country they accepted death. That act resolved all doubts, and made immortal their patriotism and their virtue. " For the noblest man that lives there still remains a conflict. He must still withstand the assaults of time and fortune — must still be assailed by temptations before which lofty natures have fallen. But with these the conflict was ended, the victory was won, when death stamped on them the great seal of heroes' character and closed a record which years can never blot. " I know nothing more appropriate on this occasion than to inquire what brought these men here. What great impulse led them to condense life into an hour, and to crown that hour by joyfully welcoming death ? Let us consider : " Eight years ago we appeared the most unwarlike nation of the earth. For nearly fifty years no spot in any of these States, had been the scene of battle. Thirty millions of people had an army of less than ten thousand men. The faith of our people in the stability and permanency of our institutions was like their faith in the sun and the stars. Peace, liberty, and personal security were blessings as common and universal as sunshine and showers and fruitful seasons ; and all sprang from a single source — from the principle proclaimed in the pilgrim covenant, that all owed due submission and obedience to the lawfully expressed will of the majority. This is not one of the doctrines of our political system ; it is the system itself. It is the political firmament in which all other truths are set, as stars in heaven. It is the en- casing air — the breath of the nation's life. Against it the whole weight of the rebellion was thrown. Its overthrow would have brought such ruin as might follow in the physical universe if the power of gravitation were destroyed : " ' Planets rushing from aspect malign, Of fiercest opposition in mid-sky, should combat. And their jarring spheres confound.' " The nation was summoned to arms by every high motive Decoration Day at Arlington 77 that can inspire men. Two centuries of freedom had rendered the people of this Union unfit for despotism. They must save their Government or miserably perish. " As a flash of lightning in a midnight tempest reveals the abyssmal horrors of the sea, so did the flash of the first gun dis- close the awful abyss into which rebellion was ready to plunge us. That disclosure in one moment lighted the fire in twenty million hearts. I love to believe that no heroic sacrifice is ever lost ; that the characters of men are moulded and inspired by what their fathers have done ; that treasured up in American souls are all the unconscious influences of the great deeds of the Anglo-Saxon race from Agincourt to Bunker Hill. It was such an influence which led a young Greek two thousand years ago, when he heard the news of Marathon, to exclaim, ' The tro- phies of Miltiades will not let me sleep.' Could these men be silent in 1861 — these whose ancestors had felt the inspiration of battle on every field where civilization had fought in the last thousand years ? Read their answer in this green turf. Each for himself gathered up all the cherished purposes of life ; its aims and ambitions ; its dearest affections ; and flung all, with life itself, into the scale of battle. At first they fought for the Union alone ; but soon a new element was added to the con- flict — an element which filled the Army and the nation with a cheerful but intense religious enthusiasm. The nation was taught that God had indissolubly linked to its own the destiny of an enslaved race ; that their liberty and our Union were one and inseparable. It was this conviction that made the soul of John Brown the marching companion of our soldiers, and made them sing on their way to battle — " ' In the beauty of the lilies, Christ was born across the sea, With a glory in his bosom which transfigures you and me; As he died to make men holy, let us die to make men free, While God is marching on.' " With such inspirations failure was impossible. The strug- gle consecrated in some degree every man who bore a worthy part. But doubly consecrated were those who received into their own hearts the fatal shafts that were aimed at the life of their country. "Fortunate men! Your country lives because you died. Your fame is placed where the breath of calumny can never reach it — where the mistakes of a weary life can never dim its brightness. Coming generations will rise up to call you blessed. 78 The Story of Arlington "And now consider this silent assembly of the dead. What does it represent? Nay, rather, what does it not represent? Here is an epitome of the war. Here are the sheaves reaped in the harvest of death from every battlefield of Virginia. If each grave had a voice to tell us what its silent tenant last saw and heard on earth, we might stand still and hear the whole story of the war. We should hear that the life of one went out in the darkness of that first great disaster, Manassas, which fell like an eclipse on the nation ; that another died of disease while wearily waiting for winter to end ; that this one fell on the field in sight of the spires of Richmond, little dreaming that the flag must be carried through three more years of blood before it should be planted in that citadel of treason ; and that one fell when the tide of war had swept us back till the roar of rebel guns shook the dome of the Capitol and re-echoed in the chambers of the Ex- ecutive Mansion. " We should hear mingled voices from the Rappahannock, the Rapidan, the Chickahorainy, and the James — solemn voices from the Wilderness and triumphant shouts from the Shenandoah, from Petersburg, and Five Forks, mingled with the wild acclaim of victory and the sweet chorus of returning peace. The voices of these dead are filling the land like holy benedictions. " What other place so fitting for their last rest ! Here they sleep in the heart of a nation saved by their valor ! " The view from this spot bears some resemblance to that which greets the eye at Rome. In sight of the Capitoline Hill, up and across the Tiber and overlooking the city, is a hill, not rugged nor lofty, but known as the Vatican Mount. On its summit, at the beginning of the Christian era, was an imperial circus where gladiator slaves died for the sport of Rome, and where wild beasts fought with wilder men. In that arena a Gallilean fisher- man gave up his life, a sacrifice for his faith. Probably no human life was ever so nobly avenged. On the spot where he perished was reared the proudest Christian temple ever reared by human hands. For its adornment the rich offerings of every clime and kingdom have been contributed; and now eighteen centuries have passed, the hearts of two hundred million dwellers on the earth turn toward it with reverence when they worship God. The traveler descending from the Apennines, sees the dome of St. Peter's rising above the desolate Campagna and the dead city long before the seven hills and ruined palaces appear to his view. The name of the dead fisherman has outlived the glory THE MCCLELLAN GATE. Decoration Day at Arlington TB of the Eternal City. A noble life, crowned with heroic death, lises above and outlives the pride and pomp and glory of the mightiest empire of the earth. "Seen from the western slope of our Capitol, in direction, distance, and appearance, this spot is not unlike the Vatican Mount, though the river that flows at our feet is larger than a hundred Tibers. Seven years ago this was the home of one who lifted his sword against the life of his country, and who became the great imperator of the rebellion. The soil beneath our feet was watered by the tears of slaves. The beauty of yonder proud Capitol awakened in their hearts no pride, and brought them no hope. The face of the goddess that crowns it was turned to- ward the sea and not toward them. But, thanks be to God, this arena of rebellion and slavery is a scene of violence and crime no longer. This will be forever the sacred mountain of our capital. Here is our temple. Its pavement is the sepul- chre of heroic hearts ; its dome is the bending heaven, and its altar candles are the watching stars. Hither will our children's children come to pay their tribute of grateful homage. For this are we met to-day. By the happy suggestion of a great society, assemblies like this are gathering at this hour in every State of the Union. Thousands of our soldiers are to-day turn- ing aside in the march of life to visit the silent encampment of dead comrades who fought by their side. " From many thousand homes, whose light was put out when a soldier fell, there go forth to-day to join these solemn proces- sions loving kindred and friends, from whose hearts the shadow of grief will never be lifted till the light of the eternal world dawns upon them. "And here are little children, to whom the war left no father but the Father above. By the most sacred right, theirs is the chief place to-day. They come with garlands to crown their victor fathers. I will delay the coronation no longer." As has been stated, the exercises at Arlington on Memorial Day were at first held at the mansion, and subsequently in the amphitheater and rostrum under the auspices of the Grand Army of the Eepublic. Each year eminent orators are secured, and an attractive program of appropriate music and speaking pro- vided. Many excellent original poems have been read on these occasions. A notably meritorious one was that entitled, ''Ar- 80 The Story of Arlington lington, 1876," composed by Mr. B. F. Taylor of Chicago, and read by him in the rostrum on May 30, 1876. The following extracts from it are reproduced from the Washington Daily CW < (A H X m m O -< (fl r c n Famous Memorial Ti-ibutes Preserved at Arlington 87 Upon the walls of one of the visitors' rooms in the mansion at Arlington hang framed copies of celebrated memorial ad- dresses. One of these is the brief address made by Presi- dent Lincoln at the dedication of the National Cemetery at Gettysburg, November 19, 1863. It is pronounced by emi- nent critics one of the finest examples of rhetorical art in exist- ence, and reads as follows : " Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting-place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do tljis. But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate — we cannot consecrate — we cannot hallow — this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. " The world will little note, nor long remember, what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remain- ing before us — that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion — that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain — that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom — and that government of the people, by- the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth." Another famous oration preserved at Arlington is that deliv- ered by the late Col. Eobert G. Ingersoll at a soldiers' reunion at Indianapolis, September 21, 1876, standing upon the site of the present magnificent soldiers' monument. The following poetic and eloquent passages are quoted from it: The Story of Arlington A VISION OF ■WAR. " The past rises before me like a dream. Again we are in the great struggle for national life. We hear the sounds of prepa- ration — the music of boisterous drums — the silver voices of he- roic bugles. We see thousands of assemblages, and hear the appeals of orators. We see the pale cheeks of women, and the flushed faces of men ; and in those assemblages we see all the dead whose dust we have covered with flowers. We lose sight of them no more. We are with them when they enlist in the great army of freedom. We see them part with those they love. Some are walking for the last time in quiet, woody places with the maidens they adore. We hear the whisperings and the sweet vows of eternal love as they lingeringly part forever. Others are bending over cradles, kissing babes that are esleep. Some are receiving the blessings of old men, some are parting with mothers, who hold them and press them to their hearts again and again, and say nothing. Kisses and tears, tears and kisses — divine mingling of agony and love ! And some are talking with wives, and endeavoring with brave words, spoken in the old tones, to drive from their hearts the awful fear. We see them part. We see the wife standing in the door with the babe in her arms — standing in the sunlight sobbing. At the turn of the road a hand waves — she answers by holding high in her lov- ing arms the child. He is gone, and forever. " We see them all as they march proudly away under the flaunting flags, keeping time to the grand, wild music of war — marching down the streets of the great cities — through the towns and across the prairies — down to the fields gf glory, to do and to die for the eternal right. " We go with them, one and all. We are by their side on all the gory fields — in all the hospitals of pain — on all the weary marches. We stand guard with them in the wild storm and under the quiet stars. We are with them in ravines running with blood — in the furrows of old fields. We are with them be- tween contending hosts, unable to move, wild with thirst, the life ebbing slowly away among the withered leaves. We see them pierced by balls and torn with shells, in the trenches, by forts, in the whirlwind of the charge, where men become iron with nerves of steel. * This correct text of the Vision of War is kindly furnished by Mr. Charles P. Farrell of New York, publisher of the works of the late Colonel IngersoU. Famous Memorial Tributes Preserved at Arlington 89 " We are with them in the prisons of hatred and famine ; but human speech can never tell what they endured. " We are at home when the news comes that they are dead. We see the maiden in the shadow of her first sorrow. We see the silvered head of the old man bowed with the last grief. " The past rises before us, and we see four millions of human beings governed by the lash — we see them bound hand and foot — we hear the strokes of cruel whips — we see the hounds tracking women through tangled swamps. We see babes sold from the breasts of mothers. Cruelty unspeakable! Outrage infinite ! " Four million bodies in chains — four million souls in fetters. All the sacred relations of wife, mother, father, and child trampled beneath the brutal feet of might. And all this was done under our own beautiful banner of the free. " The past rises before us. We hear the roar and shriek of the bursting shell. The broken fetters fall. These heroes died. We look. Instead of slaves we see men and women and children. The wand of progress touches the auction-block, the slave-pen, the whipping-post, and we see homes and firesides and school- houses and books, and where all was want and crime and cruelty and fear, we see the faces of the free. "These heroes are dead. They died for liberty — they died for us. They are at rest. They sleep in the land they made free, under the flag they rendered stainless, under the solemn pines, the sad hemlocks, the tearful willows, and the embracing vines. They sleep beneath the shadows of the clouds, careless alike of sunshine or of storm, each in the windowless palace of Eest. Earth may run red with other wars — they are at peace. In the midst of battle, in the roar of conflict, they found the serenity of death. I have one sentiment for soldiers living and dead : Cheers for the living ; tears for the dead." 90 The Story of Arlington CHAPTER XII. COMPLETE LIST OF OFFICERS OF THE ARMY AND NAVY IN- TERRED AT ARLINGTON, SHOWING THEIR HIGHEST RANK IN THE REGULAR OR VOLUNTEER SERVICE, DATE OF DEATH, AND NUMBER OP CEMETERY "Here let them rest; And summer's heat and winter's cold Shall glow and freeze above this mold— A thousand years shall pass away — A nation still shall mourn this clay, Which now is blest." The Army: Officers' Section; Officers' Row and General Burial Fields— The Navy— Civil Officials— Colored Soldiers— Confederate Soldiers. THE ARMY : OFFICERS' SECTION. AUabach, Peter H., col., 131st Pa. inf. vol., died 1892, lot 253. Arbuokle, Robert C, capt., 4th W. Va. cav. vols., d. 1878 (reinterred 1895), 1. 757. Atwater, Merritt B., capt., 51st 111. inf. vols., d. 1898, 1. 781. Augur, Christopher C, brig. -gen., U. 8. A., maj.-gen., vols., d. 1898,. 1. 63. Augusta, A. T., bvt. lieut.-col., surg., 7th U. S. C. inf., d. 1890, 1. 124-C. Ayres, Ronieyn B., brig.-gen., vols., col., 2d U. S. art., d. 1888, 1. 12.. Baldwin, James H., capt, U. 8. A., d. 1894, 1. 112-0. Bane, Moses M., col., 50th 111. inf. vols., d. 1897, 1. 181. Barker, James H., capt., 3d Del. inf. vols., d. 1894, 1. 1247. Barr, Samuel L., capt., 5th U. S. inf., d. 1892, 1. 211. Barrett, Gregory, capt., 10th U. S. inf., d. 1898 (reint. 1899), 1. 281. * These lists are complete up to September 1, 1899. They contain the names of 616 ofBcers, of whom 455 belong to the Army and 61 to the Navy. There are a few cenotaphs at Arlington ; notably, in memory of Rear-Admiral Charles Steed- man, United States Navy (born 1811, died 1890), who is buried near Boston, Mass., and Surgeon-General Charles H. Crane, United States Army (born 1826, died 1883), buried on Shelter Island, N. Y. The cemetery also contains a few anle-moriem monuments erected by living officers of the Army. Complete List of Officers Interred at Arlington 91 Bartlett, Joseph J., brig.-gen., vols., d. 1893, 1. 1046. Bates, Francis H., capt., U. S. A., d. 1895, 1. 69-B. Bates, John F., col., 1st Iowa inf. vols., d. 1892, 1. 3o-A. Baxter, Jedediah H., brig.-gen., surg.-gen., U. 8. A., d. 1890, 1. 1000. Baylor, T. G., col:, ord. dept., U. 8. A., d. 1890, 1. 9-C. Belknap, WWIiam W., brig.-gen. vols., d. 1890, 1. 132. Bendire, Charles E., capt., U. 8. A., d. 1897, 1. 650. Benet, Stephen V., brig.-gen., U. S. A., d. 1895, 1. 154. Bennett, Joseph L., lieut., 10th R. I. inf. vols., d. 1898, 1. 802. Berdan, Hiram, bvt. maj.-gen., vols., col., 1st U. 8. sharpshooters, d. 1893, 1. 979. Bergevin, Peter P., lieut, 3d Mich. inf. vols., d. 1896, 1. 824. Bingham, Lafayette, lieut.-col., 92d N. Y. inf. vols., d. 1898, 1. 673. Bliss, Alexander, col., U. 8. A., d. 1896, 1. 537. Bliss, William W., lieut., 49th 111. inf. vols., d. 1899, 1. 634. Bloor, William F., capt., 186 Ohio inf. vols., d. 1892, 1. 49-B. Blunt, Charles E., col., U. 8. A., d. 1892, 1. 57. Bodflsh, Bumner H., lieut., 6th U. 8. cav., d. 1894, 1. 792. Boughton, Horace, col., 143d N. Y. inf. vols., bvt. brig.-gen., vols., d. 1891, 1. 1028. Bourke, John G., capt., 3d U. 8. cav., d. 1896, 1. 32-A. Brackett, Albert G., col., 3d U. 8. cav., d. 1896, 1. 1052. Bradford, John W., lieut., 4th N. Y. inf. vols., d. 1892, 1. 43-A. Bradin, Robert, lieut., 7th N. Y. heavy art. vols., d. 1897, 1. 716. Bradley, G. W., capt., A. Q. M., U. 8. A., d. 1882, 1. 4. Brandes, Carl, lieut., 68th N. Y. inf. vols., d. 1898, 1. 811. Brayton, W. T., lieut., 3d Wis. cav. vols., d. 1895, 1. 618. Brewer, James W., capt., asst. surg., U. 8. A., d. 1880 (reint. 1899), 1. 516. Brewer, Madison M., capt., asst. surg., U. 8. A., d. 1898, 1. 515. Brodie, Paul, lieut., 79th N. Y. inf. vols., d. 1898, 1. 704. Brooks, Edward P., lieut., 6th Wis. inf. vols., d. 1893, 1. 713. Brown, Charles H., capt., 28th Conn. inf. vols., d. 1899, 1. 829. Brown, Nathan W., brig.-gen., paymaster-gen., U. 8. A., d. 1893, 1. 78-A. Browning, Thomas H., capt., 36th N. Y. inf. vols., d. 1893, 1. 694. Buehler, Francis, capt., 68th N. Y. inf. vols., d. 1891, 1. 26-D. Burbridge, Stephen G., bvt. maj.-gen. vols., d. 1894, 1. 666. Burnham, H. B., lieut.-col., U. 8. A., d. 1894, 1. 47-B. Burns, William W., brig.-gen. vols., col., U. 8. A., d. 1892, 1. 978. Burrows, Hilleary T., lieut., 7th Md. inf. vols., d. 1898, 1. 811. Cady, Herman M., capt., 17th U. 8. inf., d. 1898, 1. 733. Callahan, Charles M., capt., 4th U. 8. cav., d. 1895, 1. 726. Campbell, Alberto, capt., 2d W. Va. cav. vols., d. 1899, 1. 782. 92 The Story of Arlington Campbell, John Allen, brig. -gen. vols, (reint. 1898), 1. 568. Capehart, Henry, bvt. maj.-gen., Vols., d. 1895, 1. 140-A & B. Capron, AUyn, capt, 1st U. S. art, d. 1898, 1. 679. Capron, AUyn K., capt, 1st U. S. vol. cav., lieut., 7th U. S. cav.,, d. 1898, 1. 289. Caron, Charles L., lieut, 97th N. Y. inf. vols., d. 1893, 1..168. Carpenter, William L., capt, 9th U. 8. inf., d. 1898, 1. 427. Carrick, Eobert, lieut.-eol., 3d Mo. cav. vols., lieut., 8th U. S. cav., d. 1893, 1. 697. Carroll, William C, maj., 13th 111. cav. vols., d. 1897, 1. 657. Chapin, John E., lieut, 7th Mo. cav. vols., d. 1893, 1. 678. Chickering, John W., capt, 88th 111. inf. vols., d. 1891, 1. 11-A. Chiffelle, Thomas P., lieut, 7th U. 8. inf., d. 1891, 1. 45-B. Childs, Jonathan W., col., 4th Mich. inf. vols., d. 1896, 1. 809. Chritzman, Henry, capt., 101st Pa. inf. vols., d. 1896, 1. 817. Church, Thomas, capt., 53d Pa. inf. vols., d. 1896, 1. 632. Clark, George W., col., 34th Iowa inf. vols., bvt. brig.-gen., vols., d, 1898, 1. 267. Clark, 8aterlie, maj., U. 8. A., d. 1863 (reint. 1890), 1. 121-B. Clark, Temple, capt., 5th Wis. inf. vols., d. 1893, 1. 118-C. Clements, Alexander H., capt., commissary, U. S. vols., d. 1896, 1. 626. Clifford, J. C, capt., Ord. Dept, U. 8. A., d. 1890, 1. 19-D. Coffin, Nathaniel J., lieut., 13th N. H. inf. vols., d. 1897, 1. 722. Coit, James B., maj., 14th Conn. inf. vols., bvt brig.-gen., vols,, d> 1894, 1. 665. Collins, Joseph B., maj., U. S. A., d. 1888, 1. 64. Commagere, Frank G., maj., 6th Col. cav., d. 1892, 1. 81-C. Conger, Seymour B., maj., 3d W. Va. cav. vols., d. 1864 (reint. 1893), 1. 774. Conrad, Joseph, col., U. 8. A., d. 1897, 1. 652. Cook, George F., heut., 6th U. 8. inf., d. 1891, 1. 41-D. Craft, David L., lieut., 6th U. 8. inf., d. 1890, 1. 27-B. Crandall, C. P., capt, 1st Oregon inf. vols., d. 1893, 1. 51-B. Creary, William E., maj., paymaster, U. 8. A., d. 1899, 1. 448. Crook, George, maj.-gen., U. 8. A., d. 1890 (reint. 1893), 1. 974. Crouch, David, capt., 4th Md. inf. vols., d. 1898, 1. 826. Curtis, Daniel 8., maj., 1st Me. cav. vols., maj., 1st D. C. cav. vols.,, d. 1890, 1. 727. Dana, James J., bvt brig.-gen., U. 8. A., d. 1898, 1. 66. Darling, B. F., capt., 9th Iowa inf. vols., d. 1897, 1. 745. Davis, Caleb F., lieut, vet. res. corps, d. 1898, 1. 722. Davis, George P., capt., 42d Mass. inf. vols., d. 1899, 1. 689. de Janou, Patrice, col., U. 8. A., d. 1892, 1. 83-A. De Jester, James E., lieut, 1st Wash. Ty. inf. vols., d. 1896, 1. 664. Complete List of Officers Interred at Arlington 93 Dent, Augustus S., capt., 2d D. C. inf. vols., d. 1898, 1. 812. De Vecchi, Achille, capt., 9th Mass. battery vols., d. 1897, 1. 746. De Wandelaer, John A., capt., 153d N. Y. inf. vols., d. 1891, 1. 11-A. Dickinson, Walter M., capt., 17th U. 8. inf., d. 1898, 1. 284. Dixon, HenryT., maj., paymaster, U. S. A., d. 1865 (reint. 1895), 1. 683. Dodge, Charles, capt, 24th U. 8. inf., d. 1898 (reint. 1899), 1. 291. Dodge, Frank L., capt., U. 8. A., d. 1891, 1. 86-A. Dodge, Richard I., col., U. S. A., d. 1895, I. 94-D. Doherty, Edward P., lieut., 5th U. 8. cav., capt., 16th N. Y. cav. vols., d. 1897, 1. 690. Doubleday, Abner, maj.-gen., vols., col., U. 8. A., d. 1893, 1. 61. Doughton, William, lieut., 29th Pa. inf. vols., d. 1893, 1. 43-B. Duckrell, William J., lieut., 61st Mass. inf. vols., d. 1894, 1. 805. Dugan, James, lieut., 8th U. 8. vet. vols, and 5th U. 8. inf., d. 1895, 1. 757. Dunlap, A. P., maj., — Mass. inf. vols., d. 1894, 1. 793 Dunn, Thomas, lieut., 15th U. S. inf., d. 1897, 1. 650. Durbin, Greene, capt., A. Q. M., U. 8. vols., d. 1891, 1. 49-B. Edwards, John, brig.-gen. vols., d. 1894, 1. 791. Egbert, Harry C, brig.-gen., vols., col., 22d U. 8. inf., d. 1899, 1. 280. Elam, Thomas J., lieut., 1st Mo. light art. vols., d. 1899, 1. 649. Elliot, William G., lieut., 12th U. 8. inf., d. 1898, 1. 69-A. Engle, J. Edgar, lieut., 16th vet. res. corps, d. 1897, 1. 569. Evans, Thomas C, lieut., 51st Pa. inf. vols., d. 1891, 1. 133-A. Ewing, Evarts 8., capt., U. 8. A., d. 1892 (reint. 1895), 1. 739. Pair, Charles, lieut.-col., 54th U. 8. C. inf., d. 1893, 1. 119-B. Farnsworth, H. J., maj., inspt.-gen., U, B. A., d. 1888, 1. 38-D. Fenton, John W., capt., 132d N. Y. inf. vols., d. 1891, 1. 41-B. Fish, Roswell A., capt., 32d N. Y. inf. vols., d. 1899, 1. 646. Fisher, Adam, capt., A. Q. M., U. 8. vols., d. 1898, 1. 815. Fix, Louis F., capt., 58th Ohio inf. vols., d. 1893, 1. 42-C. Flagler, Daniel W., brig.-gen., chief of ord., U. 8. A., d. 1899, 1. 147. Forse, Albert G;, maj., 1st U. 8. cav., d. 1898, 1. 278. Foster, John B., capt., 46th Ohio inf. vols., d. 1894, 1. 835. Gage, Joseph B., lieut., 10th Ohio light battery vols., d. 1893, 1. 758. Galeski, Louis, capt., 58th N. Y. inf. vols., d. 1891, 1. 139-D. Gardner, Charles Thomas, maj., U. 8. vols., d. 1895, 1. 628. Garland, John 8., capt., U. 8. A., d. 1897, 1. 68-B. Gatewood, C. B., lieut., 6th U. 8. cav., d. 1896, 1. 804. Gibbon, John, brig.-gen., U. S. A., maj.-gen. vols., d. 1896, 1. 986. Gibson, James V., lieut., 3d N. J. cav. vols., d. 1893, 1. 119-A. Gibson, WilUam B., col., TJ. 8. A., d. 1899, 1. 420. Gilbreath, Erasmus C.maj., 11th U. 8. inf., d. 1898, 1. 86-D, Gillia, James, col., Asst. Q. M. G., U. S. A., d. 1898, 1. 7. 94 The Story of Arlington Gish, George W., capt., 17th Ky. inf. vols., d. 1891, 1. 44-B. Gleason, John H., lieut.-col., 63d N. Y. inf. vols., bvt. brig.-gen., vols., d. 1889, 1. 80-D. Gordon, Charles G., capt., U.S. A., d. 1898, 1. 743. Graham,' James Duncan, lieut., 2d U. S. cav., d. 1868 (reint. 1897), 1. 434. Gregg, John I., col., U. S. A., bvt. maj.-gen., vols., d. 1892, 1. 54-A. Gregory, James F., maj., U. 8. Engrs., d. 1897, 1. 163. Gresham, Walter Q., brig.-gen. vols., d. 1895, special assignment. Grinsted, William, maj., surg., U. S. vols., d. 1894, 1. 821. Hallowell, Francis P., lieut., 99th Pa. inf. vols., died 1885, 1. 778. Hamilton, Henry G., capt., 140th N. Y. inf. vols., d. 1895, 1. 642. Hamilton, John B., asat. surg., U. S. A., d. 1899, 1. 748. Harden, Richard J., lieut, 1st D. C. inf. vols., d. 1898 (reint. 1899), I. 293. Harney, William S., brig.-gen., U. S. A., d. 1889, 1. 117. Harrison, M. La Rue, col., 1st Ark. cav. vols., d. 1890, 1. 214. Haskell, Joseph T., brig.-gen., vols., lieut.-col., 17th U. 8. inf., d. 1898, 1. 285, Haskin, Joseph A., bvt. brig.-gen., U. 8. A., d. 1874 (reint. 1894), 1. 144-A. Haslam, Thomas, lieut., 26th Pa. inf. vols., d. 1892, 1. 34-C. Hathaway, Linus B., lieut., 30th Ind. inf. vols., d. 1896, 1. 633. Hayden, Nehemiah, capt., asst. commissary subsistence, vols. Mexi- can War, d. 1896, 1. 640. Hazen, William B., brig.-gen., U. 8. A., and maj.-gen., vols.,d. 1887, 1. 15. Helner, R. G., capt., 1st U. S. inf., d. 1890, 1. 45-D. Heintzelman, C. 8., capt., U. 8. A., d. 1881, 1. 9-B. Hennessey, Timothy, maj., 5th Pa. cav. vols., d. 1897, 1. 684. Heyl, Edward M., col., inspt.-gen., U. 8. A., d. 1895, 1. 135-A. Hiltman, Abraham B., lieut., 162d N. Y. inf. vols., d. 1898, 1. 730. Hoflf, Alexander H., bvt. lieut.-col., surg., U. 8. A., d. 1876 (reint. 1896), 1. 1002. House, James, col., Ist U. 8. art., bvt. brig.-gen., U. 8. A., d. 1834 (reint. 1892), 1. 297-A. Hovey, Charles E., brig.-gen., vols., d. 1897, 1. 33-D. Howard, Horatio N., surg., 30th Me. inf. vols., d. 1895, 1. 641. Hoyt, C. H., maj., U. 8. A., d. 1897, 1. 95-D. Hoyt, Josiah George, lieut., 30th U. 8. C. inf., d. 1872 (reint. 1898), 1. 718. Hubert, Edgar, capt., 8th U. 8. inf., d. 1898 (reint. 1899), 1. 292. Hudson, Edward McK., maj., U. 8. A., d. 1892, 1. 65. Hughes, Daniel W., capt., A. D. C, U. 8. vols., d. 1883 (reint. 1893), 1. 738. Complete List of Officers Interred at Arlington 95 Hughes.William B., lieut.-col., Q. M. Dept., U. S. A., d. 1896, 1. 150-A. Hunt, Thomas B., capt, U. 8. A., d. 1891, 1. 82-B. lUsIey, Charles E., lieut., 11th Me. inf. vols., d. 1884 (reint. 1896), 1. 651. Ingalls, Rufus, bvt. maj.-gen., quartermaster-gen., U. S. A., d. 1893, 1. 101. Jackson, Addison A., lieut., 12th 111. inf. vols., d. 1895, 1. 714. Jackson, Angelo, capt.. 58th Pa. inf. vols., d. 1878 (reint. 1894), 1. 223. Johnson, Charles A., capt., U. S. A., d. 1893, 1. 834. Johnson, Henry, capt., U. S. A., d. 1891, 1. 567. Johnson, John B., capt., 3d U. S. cav., d. 1896, 1. 788. Johnson, William T., chaplain, 135th Pa. inf. vols., d. 1898, 1. 560. Jones, Roger, brig.-gen., inspt.-gen., U. S. A., d. 1889, 1. 97. Jordan, Charles M., capt., 1st Mass. inf. vols., d. 1899, 1. 637. Joyce, Robert F., lieut., 28th N. Y. It. art. vols., d. 1896, 1. 803. Kautz, August V., brig.-gen., U. S. A., maj.-gen., vols., d. 1895 (reint. 1899), 1. 990. Keliey, Benjamin F., brig.-gen., vols., d. 1891, 1. 141-C. Kennington, James, capt., U. S. A., d. 1897, 1. 728. King, John H., col., U. S. A., brig.-gen., vols., d. 1888, 1. 22. King, William 8., col., surg., U. 8. A., d. 1895 (reint. 1896), 1. 547. Korhammer, David, lieut., 59th 111. inf. vols., d. 1874 (reint. 1898), 1. 26-B. Krause, John C, maj., paymaster, U. S. vols., d. 1899, 1. 661. liacey, Anderson P., capt., 98th Ohio inf. vols., d. 1895, 1. 682. Jjambson, Matthias, capt., 4th N. J. inf. vols., d. 1894, 1. 776. Langley, Samuel G., lieut.-col., 5th N. H. inf. vols., d. 1897, 1. 548. Latham, Ephraim, capt., 1st Ala. cav. vols., d. 1893, 1. 713. Lattimore, Finley C, asst. surg., 6th Ind. inf. vols., d. 1877 (reint. 1896), 1. 655. liee, John, lieut.-col., 130th Pa. inf. vols., d. 1897, 1. 744. Lee, 8amuel P., maj., U. 8. A., d. 1890, 1. 86-B. Lewis, Louis H, lieut., 9th U. 8. inf., d. 1898, 1 276. Lieber, Francis, actg. asst. surg., U. 8. A., d. 1898, 1. 453. Long, Andrew K., capt., com. of subsistence, U. 8. A., d. 1878 (reint. 1897), 1. 699. Lyford, 8. C, maj., ord. corps., U. 8. A., d. 1885, 1. 9-A. Macauley, Daniel, bvt. brig.-gen., vols., col., 11th Ind. inf. vols., d. 1895 (reint. 1899), 1. 1129. Macomb, John N., col., U. S. A., d. 1889, 1. 75. Madera, Nicholas B., lieut., 3d W. Va. Inf. vols., d. 1894, 1. 654. Mallery, Garrick, capt.,.U. 8. A., d. 1894, 1. 32-B. Mann, J. D., lieut., 7th U. 8. cav., d. 1891, 1. 31-B. Marshall, James H., lieut., 67th Mass. inf. vols., d. 1892, 1. 94-B. 96 The Story of Arlington Martin, Charles T., lieut., 5th Tenn. cav. vols., d. 1898, 1. 721. Martin, James P., lieut.-col., A. A. gen., U. S. A., d. 1895, 1. 133-B. Martin, W. P., capt., M. 8. K., U. S. A., d. 1886, 1. 9-D. Mason, John E., lieut., 9th N. H. inf. vols., d. 1892, 1. 34-D. Mason, John 8., brig.-gen., vols., bvt. brig.-gen., U. 8. A., d. 1897, 1. 541. Mason, Thomas, brig.-gen., U. 8. A., d. 1813 (reint. 1892), 1. 297-B. Mattingly, Wm. H. H., lieut., 9th Ind. inf. vols., d. 1898, 1. 786. Maynadier, William M., maj., U. 8. A., d. 1898, 1. 816. McAlpine, Thomas D., lieut., vet. res. corps., d. 1895, 1. 664. McBride, William F., capt., 72d Pa. inf. vols., d. 1893, 1. 42-C. McCabe, John W., asst. surg., 14th Pa. cav. vols., d. 1894, 1. 819. McConahay, James C, capt., 49th Ind. inf. vols., d. 1899, 1. 686. McConnell, John E.,.capt., 37th N. Y. inf. vols., d. 1894, 1. 807. McKibbin, David B., bvt. brig.-gen. and maj., U. 8. A., d. 1890^ 1. 85-B. McKibbin, Joseph C, col., A. D. C, U. 8. A., d. 1896, 1. 773. McMillan, Charles, surg., 71st N. Y. inf. vols., d. 1890, 1. 98. McParlin, Thomas A., col., U. S. A., d. 1897, 1. 1003. Meigs, John Eodgers, lieut., U. 8. A., d. 1864 (reint. 1887), 1. 1. Meigs, Montgomery C, brig.-gen., quartermaster-general, U. S. A., d. 1892, 1. 1. Merrill, William B., lieut.-col., U. S. engrs., d. 1891, 1. 68-A. Miller, T. W., lieut., 1st U. 8. C. inf., d. 1884 (reint. 1894), 1. 808. Miller, Wilson, lieut., 28th U. 8. C. inf., d. 1887, I. 10-A. Miner, William H., lieut., 17th Ind. battery vols., d. 1898, 1. 810. Mitchell, James, lieut., 14th U. 8. inf., d. 1899, 1. 440. Mitchell, Robert B., brig.-gen. vols., d. 1882, 1. 1023. Mitchell, William, capt., U. 8. A., d. 1895 (reint. 1898), 1. 756. Mizner, John Kemp, brig.-gen., U. S. A., d. 1898, 1. 99-C. Moberley, William J., lieut., 4th U. 8. cav., d. 1896, 1. 823. Moffatt, William, lieut., 2d U. 8. inf., d. 1890, 1. 111-D. Morris, Louis Thompson, lieut.-col., U. 8. A., d. 1899, 1. 670. Morrow, Thomas G., lieut., 11th Ohio cav. vols., d. 1890, 1. 111-C. Mount, John F., capt., 3d U. 8. art., d. 1895, 1. 724. Mower, Joseph A., brig.-gen., vols,, bvt. maj.-gen., U. 8. A., d. 1870 (reint. 1892), 1. 1041. Murphy, Charles J., capt., 144th 111. inf. vols., d. 1893, 1. 118-C. Murphy, Morris, capt., 107th Pa. inf. vols., d. 1896, 1. 631. Murray, Eli H., brig.-gen., vols, (reint. 1898), 1. 308. Myers, William, lieut.-col., U. 8. A., d. 1887, 1. 5. Myers, William H., capt., 188th Pa. inf. vols., d. 1898, 1. 797. Neary, William C, lieut., 4th U. S. inf., d. 1898 (reint. 1899), 1. 290. Complete List 0/ Officers Interred at Arlington 97 Nichols, JoBephH., chaplain, 19th Wis. inf. vols.,d. 1862(reint. 1894), 1. 777. Nixon, John B., capt., U. 8. A., d. 1898, 1. 413. Noah, Jacob J., capt., 2d Minn. inf. vols., d. 1897, 1. 729. O'Brien, Edward F., lieut., 28th Mass. inf. vols., d. 1892, 1. 93-B. O'Brien, Michael J., lieut., 5th U. S. inf., d. 1898 (reint. 1899), 1. 753. O'Connor, Edgar, lieut., 7th U. S. inf., d. 1864 (reint. 1890), 1. 45-A. O'Kane, Simon, capt., 17th Wis. inf. vols., d. 1896, 1. 663. O'Neill, John O., capt., 116th Pa. inf. vols., d. 1897, 1. 645. O'Neill, William O., capt, 1st U. S. vol. cav., d. 1898 (reint. 1899), 1, 294. Ord, James L., actg. asst. surg., U. S. A., d. 1898, 1. 412. Ord, Jules G., lieut., 6th U. S. inf., d. 1898, 1. 982. Ordway, Albert, bvt. brig.-gen., vols., brig.-gen., D. C. N. G., d. 1897,, 1. 550. Osborne, William H., lieut., 1st U. S. cav., d. 1898, 1. 286. Parker, Charles, capt., 9th U. S. cav., d. 1890, 1. 38- A. Paul, Edward A., capt., 1st Mass. vols. (Mexican War), d. 1895, 1. 708. Paul, Gabriel R., brig.-gen., U. S. A., d. 1886, 1. 16. Pelouze, Louis H., maj., U. S. A., d. 1878 (reint. 1894), 1. 149. Perley, James P., lieut., 13th Mich. inf. vols., d. 1899, 1. 769. Peyton, Jacob M., capt, 148th III. inf. vols., d. 1893, 1. 119-C. Plass, Garwood, capt., 84th N. Y. inf. vols., d. 1892, 1. 34-D. Plummer, Joseph B., brig.-gen., vols., d. 1862 (reint. 1890), 1. 121-A. Plummer, Baterlie C, capt., U. S. A., d. 1881 (reint. 1890), 1. 121-B. Pomeroy, Willis B., lieut., 5th Mich. inf. vols., d. 1899, 1. 565. Poor, Frederick W., lieut., 24th Ohio battery vols., d. 1892, 1. 52-B. Powell, J. S., lieut., signal corps, U. 8. A., d. 1887, 1. 11-D. Prather, Allen W., col., 120th Ind. inf. vols., d. 1891, 1. 38-B. Pratt, Isaac, V., bvt. brig.-gen., vols., lieut.-col., 18th Mo. inf. vols., d. 1893, 1. 741. Pratt, William B., capt., U. 8. vols., d. 1896, 1. 205. Price, Philip M., capt, U. 8. engs., d. 1894, 1. 145-A. Price, William, chaplain, 2d Ky. inf. vols., d. 1897, 1. 540. Purman, David Q. maj., 41st Wis. inf. vols., d. 1897, 1. 735. Ramsay, J. G., col., 5th U. S. art, d. 1899, 1. 110-B. Rawlins, John A., brig.-gen., vols., d. 1869 (reint. 1899), 1. 1007. Raymond, William G., lieut., 86th N. Y. inf. vols., d. 1893, 1. 210. Reed, Thomas M., lieut, 33d N. J. inf. vols., d. 1892, 1. 103-C. Reynolds, C. A., lieut-eol., U. 8. A., d. 1896, 1. 42-A. Reynolds, Joseph J., col., U. 8. A., d. 1899, 1. 82-C. Ricketts, James B., brig.-gen., vols., bvt maj.-gen., U. 8. A., d. 1887, 1. 17. Rivers, Jonathan L., capt., Ist Md. cav. vols., d. 1896, 1. 643. 98 The Story of Arlington Bodgers, John F., capt., U. S. A., d. 1899, 1. 76. Eosafy, Ernst M., capt., 1st W. Va. light art. vols., d. 1893, 1. 740. Boss, Orlando H., lieut., 20th 111. inf. vols., d. 1892, 1. 51-A. Rousseau, George L., lieut., 20th U. S. inf. (reint. 1892), 1. 1047. Eousseau, Lovell H., brig.-gen., U. 8. A., maj.-gen., vols., d. 1869, (reint. 1892), 1. 1047. Eowell, Charles W., capt., 2d U. S. inf., d. 1898, 1. 518. Royal, W. B., col., U. 8. A., d. 1895, 1. 28. Rucker, Francis D., lieut., 2d U. S. cav., d. 1893, 1. 74. Rucker, John A., lieut., 6th U. 8. cav., d. 1878. 1. 74. Rucker, "William A., col., asst. paymaster-gen., U. S. A., d. 1893, 1. 1048. Sanford, O. S., maj., 7th Conn. inf. vols., d. 1893, 1. 695. Schoenecker, John W., capt., 45th N. Y. inf. vols, (reint. 1892), 1. 50-B. Seligson, Herman A., lieut. -col., 9th Vt. inf. vols., d. 1891, 1. 48-A. Sells, Michael, lieut., 59th Ohio inf. vols., d. 1897, 1. 691. Shelley, R. L., capt., 3d Pa. cav. vols., d. 1887, 1. 11-C. Sheridan, George A., capt., 88th 111. inf. vols., d. 1896, 1. 656. Sheridan, Philip H., gen., U. S. A., d. 1888, special assignment. Sherwood, Henry L., lieut., 12th Ohio inf. vols., d. 1894, 1. 1248. Simpson, James F., capt., U. 8. A., d. 1899, 1. 837. Smith, Charles C, capt., 13th U. S. inf., d. 1891, 1. 139-C. Smith, Green Clay, brig.-gen., vols., d. 1895, 1. 667. Smith, James Edward, capt., 4th independent N. Y. It. battery vols., d. 1893, 1. 712. Smith, Theodore, lieut., 15th U. 8. inf., d. 1884, 1. 10-B. Smith, Thornton, capt., A. Q. M., vols., d. 1896, 1. 627. Smith, William H., lieut., 10th U. S. cav., d. 1898, 1. 279. Spencer, George E., col., 1st Ala. cav., d. 1893, 1. 112-D. Spraul, Carl, capt., A. A. D. C, vols., d. 1891, 1. 44-A. Starr, S. H., col., U. 8. A., d. 1891, 1. 99-A. Stearns, John, surg., 4th Mass. art. vols., d. 1898, 1. 836. Stewart, Isaac 8., maj., paymaster, U. 8. A., d. 1892, 1. 87-C. Stilson, Philo B., lieut.-col., 109th N. Y. inf. vols., d. 1894, 1. 835. Stommel, Julius, lieut., 8th U. 8. inf., d. 1891, 1. 27-A. Stotsenburg, John M.,col., 1st Neb. inf. vols., capt., 6th U. 8. cav., d. 1899, 1. 1249. Strickland, Francis W., lieut., 8th Tenn. cav. vols., d. 1895, 1. 1247. Strickland, Jesse H., col., 8th Tenn. cav. vols., d. 1899, 1. 1246. Sturgis, Samuel D., maj.-gen., vols., d. 1889 (reint. 1891), 1. 1042. Sullivan, John M., lieut., 57th N. Y. inf. vols., d. 1897, 1. 723. Sutherland, Charles, brig.-gen., U. S. A., d. 1895, 1. 152. Swaim, David G., brig.-gen., U. 8. A., d. 1897, 1. 717. Swallow, Benjamin, hosp. chaplain, U. S. A., d. 1898, 1. 625. Complete List of Officers Interred at Arlington 9& Swan, Caleb, paymaster-gen., U. 8. A., d. 1809 (reint. 1892), 1. 301-C> Switzer, Nelson B., col., U. 8. A., d. 1898, 1. 21-A. Taber, Amon C, A. A. surg., vols., d. 1891, 1. 49-C. Tallerday, D. 8., maj., Miss, marine brigade, capt., 38th Ohio inf. vols., d. 1897, 1. 90-B. Taylor, J. H., maj., U. 8. A., d. 1885, 1. 2. Thatcher, Samuel M., lieut., 4oth U. 8. C. inf., d. 1893, 1. 710. Thibaut, F. W., capt., 6th U. 8. inf., d. 3897, 1. 706. Thomas, Evan, capt., 4th U. 8. art., d. 1873 (reint. 1899), 1. 1105. Thomas, Zachariah E., lieut., 11th Mo. cav. vols., d. 1899, 1. 112-A. Thurston, George A., capt., 3d U. 8. art., d. 1892, 1. 35-C. Tichenor, Isaac S., capt., 105th N. Y. inf. vols., d. 1898, 1. 830. Torrens, Joseph, capt., 39th N. Y. inf. vols., d. 1895, 1. 725. Tourtellotte, John E., maj., U. 8. A., bvt. brig. -gen., vols., d. 1891, 1. 14-A. Trembly, William L., capt., 104th N. Y. inf. vols., d. 1897, 1. 755. Turman, Reuben 8., lieut., 6th U. 8. inf., d. 1898 (reint. 1899), 1. 415. Turnbull, Thomas R., lieut. -col., 102d N. Y. inf., d. 1896, 1. 772. Turtle, Thomas, maj., U. 8. engs., d. 1894, 1. 145-B. Tyler, John, jr., capt., 13th U. 8. inf. (Mexican War), d. 1896, 1. 779. Vanden burgh, J. V. W., capt., 125th N. Y. inf. vols., d. 1892,1. 94-C. Van Keuren, Benjamin M., lieut., 150th N. Y, inf. vols., d. 1895, 1. 737. Veazey, Wheelock G., col., 16th Vt. inf. vols., commander-in-chief of G. A. R. 1890, d. 1898, 1. 1026. Viven, John L., capt., 12th U. S. inf., d. 1896, 1. 227. Von Dachenhausen, Adolphus, capt., 4th U. 8. cav., d. 1876 (reint. 1891), 1. 41-C. Von Hermann, Charles J., capt., U. 8. A., d. 1889, 1. 27-C. Von Leuttwitz, A. H., lieut., 3d U. 8. cav., d. 1887, 1. 11-B. Von Werth, Erederick, capt., 68th N. Y. inf. vols., d. 1897, 1. 684. Walbridge, George R., lieut., 18th Wis. inf. vols., d. 1893, 1. 42-D. Walker, William H., capt., 20th Mass. inf. vols., d. 1899, 1. 554. Wall, O. 8. B., capt., 104th U. 8. C. inf., d. 1891, 1. 124-B. Watkins, Louis D., col., 20th U. 8. inf., d. 1868 (reint. 1892), 1. 1045. Watrous, Ansel, jr., lieut., 137th N. Y. inf. vols., d. 1886 (reint. 1897), 1. 685. Webster, William H., lieut., 5th Conn. inf. vols., d. 1896, 1. 795. Weisel, Daniel, asst. surg., U. 8. A., d. 1889, 1. 87-A. West, Joseph R., bvt. maj.-gen., vols., d. 1898, 1. 553. West, Theodore 8., bvt. brig. -gen., vols., col., 24th Wis. inf. vols., d. 1889, 1. 10-D. Wetherill, Alexander M., capt., 6th U. 8. inf., d. 1898, 1. 283. Wharry, Robert N., capt., 1st Md. inf. vols., d. 1894, 1. 790. 100 The Story of Arlington White, Josiah W., capt., 38th Ohio inf. vols., d. 1897 (reint. 1899), ].♦ 720. Whitehead, F. F., capt, U. S. A., d. 1888, 1. 31-A. Whiting, Daniel P., lieut.-coL, U. S. A., d. 1892, 1. 50-A. Widdecombe, Robert S., lieut., 29th Mo. inf. vols., d. 1891, 1. 48-B. Wilkinson, Web. C, lieut., 5th 111. cav. vols., d. 1893, 1. 119-D. Williams, Price C, lieut., 199th Pa. inf. vols., d. 1898, 1. 780. Willoughby, Westel, maj., 137th N. Y. inf. vols., d. 1897, 1. 747. Wilson, Ezra A., lieut., 10th U. S. C. inf., d. 1897, 1. 734. Wilson, Robert G., lieut., vet. res. corps, d. 1896, 1. 663. Wood, Charles O., capt., 9th U. 8. inf., d. 1891, 1. 27-D. Wood, William M., lieut, 12th U. 8. inf., d. 1898 (reint 1899), 1. 731. Woodward, George G., lieut., 2d U. 8. C. inf., d. 1895, 1. 630. Wright, George B., lieut. and adj., 35th Ohio inf. vols., d. 1896, 1. 639. Wright, Horatio G., brig.-gen., U. 8. A., d. 1899, special assignment York, Levi H., capt, 146th N. Y. inf. vols., d. 1897, 1. 675. Young, D. J., capt, U. 8. A., d. 1893, 1. 102-B. By virtue of act of Congress approved March 3, 1897, a plot (1251 to 1263 inclusive) has been reserved in the officers' section for army nurses. There has been only one interment there, viz.: Platt, Miss Anna, army nurse during the Civil War, died November 15, 1898. OPnCERS' EOW AND GENEEAL BUEIAL FIELDS. Ahrens, Adolphe, — N. Y. vols., grave 5229. Ahrens, Louis, lieut., vet. res. corps, g. 5228. Allen, John C, lieut, 9th U. S. vol. inf., d. 1898 (reint 1899), g. new (Spanish) section. Apple, D. A., capt, Pa. vols., g. 5243. Bailey, J. E., lieut, Maine vols., g. 5217. Barnett, Arthur K., lieut., 23d Kan. inf. vols., d. 1898 (reint. 1899), g. new section. Barnett, L. I., lieut, 9th U. 8. vol. inf., d. 1898 (reint 1899), g. new section. Batchelder, G. W., lieut., Mass. vols., g. 5236. Bell, John, lieut., 73d N. Y. inf. vols., d. 1876, g. 13600. Berry, James, lieut., 106th 111. inf. vols., d. 1876, g. 5221-B. * " Officers' Row " Is the designation of the row of officers' graves (Nos. 5200 to 5249) which extends along the eastern and southern sides of the flower garden surrounding the Temple of Fame. The fifty officers interred there died prior to 1876 and replaced the soldiers who were interred in the same locality In May, 1864, and whose remains were afterwards removed to another section of the cemetery. Complete List of Officers Interred at Arlington 101 .Blanchard, G. P.,lieut., Maine vols., g. 5216. Bradley, Monroe, — , N. Y. vols., g. 5220. Brown, E. M., capt., — vols., g. 5241. Brown, James W., capt., Ohio vols., g. 5290- A. Burbank, 8. W., capt., U. S. A., g. 5235. Burnett, A. A., capt.. Wis. vols., g. 5214. Burr, George, lieut., Mass. vols., g. 12043. Cobb, Edwin J.,' lieut., 1st Tenn. It. art. vols., d. 1891, g. 6241. Cole, D. F., maj., 107th col. inf. vols., d. 1865, g. 5209. Coyle, O'Neill, lieut., Pa. vols., g. 5242. Crew, S. B., surg., 89th Ohio inf. vols, d. 1887, g. 13672. Crossman, H. F., capt., Vt. vols., g. 5246. De la Mesa, Carlos A., capt., vet. res. corps., d. 1872, g. 5227. Diehl, James B., lieut., 91st Pa. inf. vols., d. 1886, g. 13650. Drown, Leonard, capt., N. H. vols., g. 5224. Edie, Christopher, lieut., 12th N. Y. inf. vols., d. 1890, g. 13720. Evans, G. S., lieut., Mass. vols., g. 5230. Evans, John G., lieut., 4th Ohio inf. vols., d. 1890, g. 13717. Farrar, Abram F., capt., 35th Ind. inf. vols., d. 1891, g. 5942. Fawcett, R. W., asst. surg., N. Y. vols., g. 5223. Ferguson, James, capt., Ohio vols., g. 5249. Fleming, J. H., capt., N. Y. vols., g. 5222. Foster, E. S., lieut., Maine vols., g. 5221. Froelich, William, lieut.. Pa. vols., g. 5231. Gaw, W. B., col., 16th U. S. C. inf., d. 1890, g. 13716. George, George W., lieut., 5th N. H. vols., d. 1875, g. 5221-A. George, , capt., . Gore, L. D., capt, N. H. vols., g. 5240. Goulding, John, lieut., N. Y. vols., g. 5200. Hall, E. S., lieut., Pa. vols., g. 5204. Haines, Philip D., lieut., 124th Pa. inf. vols., d. 1882, g. 13580. Hopkins, Maxmilian, lieut., Vt. vols., g. 5233. Howard, Frederick, lieut., N. Y. vols., g. 5213. Hurd, J. A., — Maine vols., g. 5239. Hussey, David J., lieut., 174th Ohio inf. vols., d. 1887, g. 13676. Imman, M., capt'., N. J. vols., g. 5238. Kelley, Martin, lieut., N. Y. vols., g. 5205. Keys, Daniel M., capt., independent W. Va. rangers, d. 1883, g. 13615. Littlefleld, D. W., lieut., Mich, vols., g. 5248. Lord, Thomas J., lieut. -col., 36th N. Y. inf. vols., d. 1880, g. 13594. Madden, J. A., capt., Pa. vols., g. 13621. Mahan, John A., maj., 9th Mass. inf., d. 1886, g. 13660. McCulloch, G. W., maj., Pa. vols., g. 5225. McGuire, , — N. Y. vols., g. 5211. 102 The Story of Arlington Miller, J. A., lieut., Ind. vols., g. 5247. Montgomery, William R., lieut., 62d Pa. inf. vols., d. 1890, g. 5829. Montis, M. D., maj., Ohio vols., g. 13640. Packard, A. H., capt., Maine vols., g. 6203. Page, Francis A., lieut., 2d vet. res. corps., d. 1889, g. 13708. Parcel, John C, capt., 62d 111. inf. vols., d. 1890, g. 5753. Persse, William B., lieut., 163d N. Y. inf. vols., d. 1892, g. 8325. Phelps, , g. 5244. Phillipoteaux, L. A., capt., 65th N. Y. inf. vols., and capt., vet. res. corps, d. 1888, g. 13683. Eeichley, Charles, lieut., N. Y. vols., g. 5210. Eeigart, Thomas J., lieut., 9th Iowa cav. vols., d. 1890, g. 13724. Robertson, Charles C, lieut., 186th N. Y. inf. vols., d. 1887, g. 13674. Robinson, John, capt., 2d Mo. cav. vols., d. 1882, g. 13585. Shoppee, W. H., capt, Maine vols., g. 5218. Sibald, R. T., asst. surg., U. 8. A., g. 5212. Smith, James, col., N. Y. vols., g. 5234. Smith, J. M., capt., Ohio vols., g. 5202. Stragham, D. A., lieut.. Pa. vols.,g. 5207. Summatt, G. J., capt., Maine vols., g. 5237. Van Auw, Walter, capt., N. Y. vols., g. 5206. Von Brauson, G. N., lieut., U. 8. vols., g. 5201. Von Schaumberg, Adolph, capt, 68th N. Y. inf. vols., d. 1887, g. 13673. Wilcox, Oscar, — , N. Y. vols., g. 5245. Wilkie, Chauncey, capt., N. Y. vols., g. 5215. Winn, Theodore, capt., 7th R. I. inf. vols., d. 1890, g. 5501. Wol£F, William, lieut., 178th N. Y. inf. vols., d. 1888, g. 13679. Woodruflf, W. S., lieut., Mich, vols., g. 5219. Ziegler, Jacob, capt., Tenn. vols., g. 5208. THE NAVY. Allen, Robert W., pay-inspector, U. S. N., d. 1895, 1. 206. Ammen, Daniel, rear-admiral, U. 8. N., d. 1898, 1. 146-C and D. Baker, Charles H., chief engineer, U. 8. N., d. 1896, 1. 245. BoUes, T. Dix, lieut., U. S. N., d. 1892, 1. 258. Browne, John Mills, surg. -gen., U. 8. N., d. 1894, 1. 155-A. Browne, William Ross, actg. lieut., U. 8. N., d. 1895, 1. 87-B. Burrows, William Ward, lieut. -col., U. 8. marine corps, d. 1805 (re- int. 1892), 1. 301-B. Cardella, Raymond F.. actg. ensign, U. S. N., d. 1897, 1. 764. Carmody, Robert E., lieut.-commander, U. S. N., d. 1896, 1. 273. Chase, Henry 8., lieut, U. 8. N., d. 1897, 1. 138-B. Clark, N. B., chief engineer, U. S. N., d. 1892, 1. 174. Clitz, John M. B., rear-admiral, U. 8. N., d. 1897, 1. 72-B. Complete List of Officers Interred at Arlington 103 Colhoun, Edmund R., rear-admiral, U. S. N., d. 1897, 1. 617. Craven, Charles H., lieut.-commander, U. 8. N., d. 1898, 1. 162. Crosby, Pierce, rear-admiral, U. S. N., d. 1899, 1. 217. Cutter, George F., pay-director, U. S. N., d. 1890, 1. 116-A. Davis, John A., lieut., U. S. N., d. 1854 (reint. 1890), 1. 300. Deering, George A., paymaster, U. 8. N., d. 1890. 1. 67-A. De Krafft, James C. P., rear-admiral, U. 8. N., d. 1885, 1. 171. De Valin, Charles E., chief engineer, U. 8. N., d. 1892, 1. 93-A. English, Earl, rear-admiral, U. 8. N., d. 1893 (reint. 1899), 1. 1029. Febiger, John C, rear-admiral, U. 8. N., d. 1898, 1. 189. Gove, Gilman D., acting ensign, U. 8. N., d. 1896, 1. 639. Hall, John H., surgeon, U. 8. N., d. 1895, 1. 619. Herwig, Henry, chief engineer, U. 8. N., d. 1898, 1. 825. Heyl, Theodore C, surgeon, U. 8. N., d. 1896, 1. 167. Hine, Robert B., chief engineer, U. 8. N., d. 1895, 1. 677. Houston, George P., lieut.-col., U. 8. marine corps, d. 1897, 1. 578. Howell, Edward A., acting master, U. 8. N., d. 1894, 1. 247. Inch, Philip, chief engineer, U. 8. N., d. 1898, 1. 429. Jenkins, Thornton A., rear-admiral, U. 8. N., d. 1893, 1. 43-C & D. Johnson, George R., chief engineer, U. 8. N., d. 1898, 1. 31-D. Johnson, Philip C, rear-admiral, U. 8. N., d. 1887, 1. 1043. Lee, 8amuel Phillips, rear-admiral, U. 8. N., d. 1897, 1. 216. Loveaire, Henry 8., assistant engineer, U. 8. N., d. 1899, 1. 838. Mannix, D. Pratt, capt., 17. 8. marine corps, d. 1894, 1. 204. Marthon, Joseph, lieut.-commander, U. 8. N., d. 1891, 1. 103-A. Maxwell, Charles D., med. director, U. 8. N., d. 1890, 1. 148. McAllister, Richard, acting ensign, U. 8. N., d. 1896, 1. 50-C. Meade, Henry M., paymaster, U. 8. N., d. 1897, 1. 261. Meade, Richard W., rear-admiral, U. 8. N., d. 1897, 1. 255. Owens, Thomas, surgeon, U. 8. N., d. 1897, 1. 669. Porter, David Dixon, admiral, U. 8. N., d. 1891; special assignment. Queen, Wal|,er W., rear-admiral, U. 8. N., d. 1893, 1. 221. Reynolds, Lovell K., lieut., U. 8. N., d. 1893, 1. 103-B. Ritchie, John T., lieut., U. 8. N., d. 1831 (reint. 1892), 1. 298-A. Rodgers, Guy G., asst. paymaster, U. 8. N., d. 1897, 1. 76. Scott, Gustavus H., rear-admiral, U. 8. N., d. 1882(reint. 1896), 1. 1017. 8hufeldt, Robert W., rear-admiral, U. 8. N., d. 1895, 1. 222. Skerrett, Joseph 8., rear-admiral, U. 8. N., d. 1897, 1. 104^A. Stevens, Thomas Holdup, rear-admiral, U. 8. N., d. 1896, 1. 182. Stone, Edward E., commander, U. 8. N., d. 1892, 1. 81-B. Thomas, Samuel, jr., actg. asst. paymaster, U. 8. N., d. 1897, 1. 274. Tyler, Frederick H., lieut., U. 8. N., d. 1895, 1. 208. Washington, Richard, pay-director, U. 8. N., d. 1895, 1. 215. Wetmore, Henry Stanley, actg. vol. lieut., U. 8. N., d. 1898, 1. 431. 104 The Story of Arlington Whitfield, W. E., lieut., U. S. N., d. 1890, 1. 304. Wilson, James R., purser, U. S. N., d. 1819 (reint. 1892), 1. 301-A. Winship, Edward K., asst. paymaster, TJ. 8. N., d. 1898, 1. 671. Wood, William M., lieut., U. 8. N., d. 1897, 1. 418. Woods, Arthur T., asst. engineer, U. 8. N., d. 1892, 1. 170. CIVIL OFFICIALS. A complete list of officials of the National Government who died in office and are interred at Arlington would duplicate the names of many of the officers of volunteers already men- tioned, besides including many a soldier whose identity is now measured by a brief inscription on a humble headstone in the general burial field. The following former public officials may, however, be mentioned in this connection : Hartigan, Dr. James F. (born 1840, died 1894), United States consul at Trieste, Austria ; served in Ninety-ninth New York Infantry Volunteers from 1861 to 1865 ; died at his con- sular post ; general burial field. Jones, Edward, chief clerk of the Treasury Department during Washington's administration ; died 1829 ; removed from Presbyterian burial ground at Georgetown and reinterred at Arlington in 1892 ; lot 298-B. Meigs, Josiah (born 1757, died 1822), commissioner of the General Land Office from 1814 to 1822. He was the father of Gen. M. C. Meigs, and was reinterred in the latter's lot at Ar- lington in 1887. Smith, John, chief clerk of the War Department, is buried in officers' row. colored soldiers. " The bugle call and the battle ball Again shall rouse him never; He fought and fell, he served us well; His furlough lasts forever." 8. P. Merbill. Hundreds of colored soldiers, who fought in the Union army during the Civil War, are at rest at Arlington. It is not possi- ble to state the exact number ; but at least two-thirds of the 5,000 graves in the northeastern section are tenanted by colored Oomplete List of Officers Interred at Arlington 105 men, the majority being soldiers and the remainder refugees and contrabands. Two colored officers of volunteers in the Civil War, Major Augusta and Captain Wall, are buried in the officers' section, near the Fort Myer gate. Augusta, Dr. Alexander T. (born 1825, died 1890), ma- jor and surgeon of Seventh United States Colored Troops and brevet lieutenant-colonel of volunteers. His regiment partici- pated in several engagements in South Carolina and Florida and the sieges of Petersburg and Eichmond. Wall, Oeindatus S. B. (born 1823, died 1891), captain of 104th United States Colored Infantry Volunteers. He ren- dered valuable services in recruiting colored soldiers for the States of Ohio and Massachusetts. Four regiments of the regular army are composed of colored men — the Ninth and Tenth Cavalry and the Twenty-fourth and Twenty-fifth Infantry. With the exception of the four chap- lains and one first lieutenant of the Ninth Cavalry, the commis- sioned officers are white. All four of these regiments took part in the Santiago campaign, and now there are many humble graves in the hew section of Arlington Cemetery to attest their gallantry. An officer who served in one of the colored cavalry regiments of the United States army for twenty-nine years, and who commanded a squadron in that campaign, in a letter to the author, pays the following handsome tribute to the military qualities of the colored soldier : "At Las Guasimas, June 24, 1898, a squadron of the Tenth Cavalry formed part of General Young's command, and the conduct of the men under fire was such as to win the warmest commendation from Generals Wheeler and Young. At the charge on San Juan Hill and El Caney — all four colored regi- ments being represented — and subsequent operations ending with the surrender of Santiago, their bravery, coolness, and pa- tience under much suffering and many hai'dships, won the praise and admiration, not only of their officers, but of all who wit- nessed their conduct ; and that was nearly the entire Fifth Army Corps. The campaign firmly established the status of the col- ored man as a soldier in the United States Army." 106 The Story of Arlington CONFEDERATE SOLDIERS. "Angels look downward from the skies Upon no holier ground Than where defeated valor lies, By generous foemen crowned." There remain at Arlington, as has been stated, 136 Confecl- erate prisoners of war. Of these, the graves of the greater num- ber are in the ravine in the vicinity of the Custis monuments; others are along the western wall, near the post plot, and the remainder in the northeastern section. There are only three officers among the number, viz.: Baeklay, John W., captain. Fifty-ninth Alabama regiment, died 1866; grave No. 6748. Parsons, B. F., lieutenant. Fourth Georgia regiment, died 1864; grave 6583. Eenpral, William S., lieutenant. Twelfth Georgia regiment, died 1864; grave 6569. Shortly after the Civil War a society styled the Southern Memorial Association was formed in Washington by returned Confederates for the purpose of locating and decollating the graves of Confederate soldiers buried in the vicinity of the National Capital. The officers were : President, Dr. A. Y. P. Garnett ; secretary, Dr. William P. Young ; and treasurer, Capt. J. Waters Drew. This association no longer exists, but for many years on Memorial Day the members repaired to Arlington and strewed flowers upon the graves of their departed comrades. Our honored soldier-President is one of those who believe that the mantle of national charity is broad enough to cover the graves of Confederate soldiers. The author can recall no more appro- priate sentiment with which to bring this book to a conclusion than the following extract from an address delivered by President McKinley at Atlanta, Ga., on December 14, 1898 : "Evety soldier's grave made dufingf the .unfortunate Civil War is a tfibote to American valor." MAP OF ARLINGTON CEMETERY, 1899. Scale: About 300 Yards to Inch. EKRATA. On pageJ27, second line, in the parenthesis read "Act of March 3, 1883." On page 29, first foot-note, the quotation respecting Fort Whip- ple should be credited to Mr. Ernest Ingersoll. See also Barnard's Defenses of Washington. On pages 35 and 36, read "Fort Myer" instead of "Fort Meyer." On page 100, fourth line of foot-note, read "1877 " instead of " 1876."^