CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND GIVEN IN 1 89 1 BY HENRY WILLIAMS SAGE Cornell University Library DA 490.M34 1875 Letters. 3 1924 028 017 733 Cornell University Library The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924028017733 LETTERS Sarah Duchess of Marlborough LONDON : PRINTED BV 3P0TTISW00DE AND CO., NEW-STREET SQUARE AND PARLIAMENT STREET LETTERS OF Sarah Duchess of Marlborough NOW FIRST PUBLISHED FROM THE ORIGINAL MANUSCRIPTS AT MADRESFIELD COURT WITH AN INTRODUCTION LONDON JOHN MURRAY ALBEMARLE STREET 1875 All rights rcsirved \] \\ \ \f (l- i\ S ! 'i \ 1 lUUA^Y PREFACE. N the Introduction to the following Letters of Sarah Duchess of Marlborough, it is attempted to be explained why their publication has- been deemed desirable, as possessing an interest even at this time of day of no ordinary kind ; whilst they fill up a void in Her Grace's published correspondence which has always been lamented by those who have had the curiosity to seek to acquaint themselves with the character and conduct of one who has figured so conspicuously at an important period of- our country's history, and in close connection with perhaps as great, certainly as successful, a military hero as is to be met with in its annals, whether ancient or modern. One need but to call attention to Blenheim, and ask for even the slightest consideration of its origin and its object, to furnish sufficient illustration of this circumstance. That splendid palace of the Marlboroughs was a vi Preface. Sovereign's grateful, gift to the great Duke whose memorable achievements cast so brilliant a halo upon her reign. And. not only was his distinguished Duchess an animating spirit in the victories he so signally accomplished, but for a long time she ex- erted great influence over the Queen herself, and Her Majesty's Government also, which powerfully affected the policy that was pursued with such triumphant results throughout one of the most momentous struggles with a foreign foe that have ever disturbed the serenity, or endangered the safety, of the British nation. The volumes of Letters of Sarah Duchess of Marlborough already published, so far from having exhausted the subject, rather furnish a reason why these, which are now for the first time to meet the public eye, should supplement what has gone before, since they supply what has been regretted as an un- fortunate deficiency, more particularly from their relating to a period of Queen Anne's reign, and a revolution in her Government, when it is of the deepest interest to learn what were the feelings and the opinions of those who, after having been such distinguished objects of Royal and of popular favour, were dismissed from the Court and the Government, and in consequence became for awhile exiles in a foreign land, where they were regarded, if not by the Queen, yet by Her Majesty's Ministers, as Preface. vii enemies to the true interests of the country and the cause they were once thought to have so faithfully served. It may be thought strange, perhaps, that Letters of such public interest should so long have been left in obscurity. But the circumstances of their possession in private hands will amply account for this circumstances, however, with which the public can have no concern. Not improbably, too, the fact of their being so completely private Letters may have had something to do with their having been hitherto withheld from publication. But at this distant day, any such consideration as that, it is felt, can no longer have any weight, more especially as they reveal no secrets which are of merely a personal kind, but principally such as are more or less of his- torical interest, and the publication of which can- not justly be said to violate any confidence, or perpetrate any other wrong. In that public point of view, in which it is but reasonable to regard them — for the whole subject of them more or less belongs to our national history — they may be fairly looked upon as completing a correspondence that was already before the public, and as therefore pleading, in some measure at least, their own justification for being thus rescued from oblivion. It is true that some few of the Letters contain but petty details of very ordinary domestic matters : viii Preface. still they are part and parcel of the Duchess's cor- respondence at a most interesting period of her own aTid her illustrious consort's public career; and on this ground it is thought desirable to include them with the rest. They all afford some indications of character which are not without interest in such a connection ; and for this reason, if for no other, even trifles may be borne with which otherwise might be inexcusable. It will be admitted, it is believed, that there is a plain-spokenness in these Letters, almost more strikingly displayed than in those that have been already published, and which furnishes some re- deeming points in the Duchess of Marlborough's reputation. They appear, in short, to be on the whole, not only clever, but honest productions of Her Grace's facile pen. It is the remark of Sir Richard Steele, that ' there is no rule in the world to be made for writing letters, but that of being as near what you speak face to face as you can ; which is so great a truth,' he adds, ' that I am of opinion writing has lost more mistresses than any one mis- take in the whole legend of love.' The Duchess's Letters would certainly seem to verify that conclusion. Not, it is true, in any ' legend of love,' yet assuredly in a matter of Royal friendship and favour, Sarah Duchess of Marlborough's case, as revealed in her correspondence, does somewhat forcibly illustrate its Preface. ix truth, an epistolary ' mistake ' having deprived Her Grace of the only opportunity that was presented to her of giving to her Royal Mistress, by word of mouth, as she knew so well how to do, such an ex- planation of her conduct as might have accomplished her complete vindication, and perhaps have had the happy effect of procuring the forgiveness, and re- covering the affection, of ' the good Queen Anne.' INTRODUCTION. j=r^iHE following- Letters of Sarah Duchess of Marlborough form an interesting supplement to that published correspond- ence with which the reader of English History and Biography has long been familiar. One of Her Grace's Biographers of a past age has remarked, that ' after the fall of the Whig Ministry in which the Duke took so powerful a part, during the remainder of the reign of Queen Anne very little of the correspondence of the Duchess of Marlborough is found ; ' and he accounts for this by the altered and adverse circumstances in which she was so precipitately placed. It was not, it must be remembered, the fall of the Whig Ministry only which made both these eminent personages to ' hide their diminished heads ; ' but it was the Duchess's utter forfeiture of the grace and favour of the Queen, her displacement from Her Majesty's affections by a xii Introductioji. successful intriguer and hated rival, and her conse- quent expulsion from Court in evident disgrace. The circumstances under which all this arose tended greatly to aggravate the Duchess's mortifica- tion. It was not without reason that she had calculated upon exerting a life-long influence over Queen Anne, who had taken every opportunity of showing the warmest personal attachment towards her. In their private correspondence, Her Majesty was always spoken of as Mrs. Morley, and the Duke and Duchess as Mr. and Mrs. Freeman. These dis- guises, as we all know, were common in Court circles at that day, being considered a prudent precaution against the only too prevalent malice of party and faction. The Duchess was in the habit of addressing the Queen as ' My dear adored Mrs. Morley,' and Her Majesty would speak of the Duchess's Letters, in answering them, as ' so very kind, that, if it were possible, you are dearer to me than ev^r you were ; ' adding, ' I am so entirely yours, that if I might have all the world given me, I could not be happy but in your love.' The hasty rupture of an intimacy so close, so ardent, as expressions such as these would indicate it.to have been, could not fail to be a terrible blow to one in the Duchess's position, and Her Grace evidently staggered under it for a long time after- wards. Not but that there had been temporary quarrels on previous occasions ; but there was then Introduction. xiii no evil genius in the way to embitter their anger, and to estrange their affection. No doubt, however, the acrimonious altercations into which the Duchess was ever and anon so unhappily betrayed laid the foundation for that final breach which Mrs. Masham, for her own and her friend Harley's political and personal interests, eventually took occasion to bring about. There was thus a hand in the infliction of it which added in no slight degree to its pain and humiliation. No doubt it was a party as well as a personal question that was involved in an intrigue of which the Duchess became the victim ; Mrs. Masham being not only herself the Duchess's rival in the Queen's regards, but also the tool of the Duke's competitor for political ascendency. Smollett the historian states that ' the Queen began to show her attachment to the Tories by mortifying the Duke of Marlborough.' But it was evidently Mrs. Masham that was pulling the wires all the while. Upon the death of the Earl of Essex Her Majesty desired of the Duke that the regiment which the Earl had commanded should be given to Mrs. Masham's brother, Capt. Hill. The Duke was thunder-struck. He remonstrated in the strongest manner, insisting on the injurious prejudice which the promotion of so young and inexperienced an officer over older and abler men would produce xiv Introduction. in the service. ' He expostulated, too, with his Sovereign,' we are told, ' on this extraordinary mark of partial regard to the brother of Mrs. Masham, which he could not help considering as a declaration against himself and his family, who had so much reason to complain of that lady's malice and ingrati- tude.' To this remonstrance, it is added, ' the Queen made no other reply but that he would do well to consult his friends. The Earl of Godolphin enforced his friend's arguments, though without effect ; and the Duke retired in disgust to Windsor.' It was now the Duchess's turn to confront the enemy that had so suddenly crossed what had hitherto been their ' path of glory.' She at once demanded an audience of Her Majesty, on the plea of vindi- cating her own character from certain aspersions which she alleged had been cast upon it. What ensued is thus described in the current history of the time : — ' The Duchess hoped to work on the Queen's tenderness, and retrieve the influence she had lost. She protested, argued, wept, and suppli- cated ; but the Queen was too well pleased with her own deliverance from the tyranny of the other's friendship to incur such slavery for the future. All the humiliation of the Duchess served only to render herself the more contemptible. The Queen heard her without exhibiting the least sign of emotion, and all she would vouchsafe was a repetition of these Introduction. :^v words : "You desired no answer, and you shall have none," alluding to an expression in a letter she had received from the Duchess.' It is further recorded that, ' as an additional mortification to the Ministry, the office of Lord Chamberlain was transferred from the Duke of Kent to the Duke of Shrewsbury, who had lately voted with the Tories, and maintained an intimacy of correspondence with Mr. Harley. The interest of the Duke of Marlborough was not even sufficient to prevent the dismissal of his own son-in- law, the Earl of Sunderland, from the post of Secretary of State, in which he was succeeded by Lord Dartmouth.' The usual ' honours ' followed on the success of these intrigues. Mrs. Masham was styled Lady Masham, and Mr. Harley was created Earl of Ox- ford. But in a very short time some degree of retribution ensued. The Queen became exposed to severe trials by dissensions among her Ministers. ' Oxford and Bolingbroke,' we read, ' were com- petitors for power, and rivals in reputation and ability. The Treasurer's parts were deemed the more solid, the Secretary's more shining ; but both Ministers were aspiring and ambitious. The first was bent on maintaining the first rank in the Administration, which he had possessed since the revolution in the Ministry ; the other disdained to act as a subaltern to the man whom he thought he xvi Introduction, excelled in genius, and equalled in importance. They began to form separate cabals, and to adopt different principles. Bolingbroke insinuated himself into the confidence of Lady Masham, to whom Oxford had given some cause of disgust. By this communication he gained ground in the good opinion of his Sovereign, while the Treasurer lost it in the same proportion. Thus she who had been the author of his elevation was now used as the instru- ment of his disgrace.' The Queen was painfully affected by these contentions, and the cabals which they originated ; so much so, indeed, that she retired to Windsor disheartened and disgusted, and there suffered under a severe and protracted illness, of which they were mainly the cause, and certainly the aggravation. The only too evident vindictiveness bf Lady Masham towards the Duchess of Marlboroupfh was the less excusable from the circumstance of her being Her Grace's relative, and as such under considerable obligations to the Duke and Duchess of Marl- borough. She was the daughter of Mr. Hill, a merchant in London, by a sister of the Duchess's grandfather. It is stated that he had twenty-two children ; and his estate of ;^4,ooo a-year had there- fore at his decease to be divided into small portions, of which Mrs. Masham 's portion is said to have been but ^500. Harley was also a relation of the Hills. Introduction. xvii The Duke of Marlborough did not escape the suspicion of having incited, in some degree, the party mischiefs which were disturbing the unanimity, if not. also impairing the stability, of Her Majesty's Government, as well as affecting the health and happiness of the Queen herself. But it would not appear that there was any just ground for such suspicion, so far, at least, as the Duke himself was concerned, whatever there might be as respects the Duchess ; though there was no proof, apparently, that even she, any more than the Duke, had inter- fered, or attempted to do so, for any such sinister purpose. That the Duke was angry with his wife for her violent conduct towards the Queen on several occasions was natural, and not undutiful ; but his anger would seem to have soon passed away. In such a state of things, however, and finding his enemies becoming daily more and more implacable, he prudently decided to retire to the Continent. He left England alone, or only accompanied by a trusty personal attendant or two ; but he was shortly followed by the Duchess, a reconciliation having evidently, without much difficulty, been effected. Nor is there anything in her Grace's numerous Letters from abroad to indicate the slightest want of connubial harmony, or cordiality. The following Letters of the Duchess commence at a period shortly preceding the transactions just a xviii Introductio7i. referred to, continuing throughout the whole time of their sojourn on the Continent, and extending to three or four years beyond the Duke's decease, in 1722 : including the happier period of their restor- ation to Royal favour upon the accession of George the First, and the restoration of the Duke to most of the honours and emoluments of which he had been deprived. The Duchess herself survived that date more than two-and-twenty years — until the reign of George the Second : thus prolonging her eventful career through four successive reigns. Her death is thus incidentally and somewhat heartlessly re- corded by Smollett, in a note to Chapter V. of his History (a.d. 1744) — the only record of it that he has vouchsafed to give, notwithstanding the abun- dance of subject-matter she furnished for his pen : — ' Mr. Pope, the celebrated poet, died in the month of June. In October the old Duchess of Marlborough resigned her breath, in the 85th year of her age, immensely rich, and very little regretted, either by her own family or by the world in general.' Her Grace, as it has already been mentioned, out- lived the great Duke twenty-two years. But, with all his greatness, and notwithstanding the lustre it cast upon her own position, there is comparatively little mention made of him in any of her letters towards the close of his brilliant career, and scarcely any allusion to his death in those written by her at Introduction. xix that time. The Duke's faculties, it would appear, had become greatly impaired, while the Duchess preserved her vigour of mind, and resoluteness of will, for many years afterwards. ' The Duke was interred,' it is recorded, * in Westminster Abbey with such profusion of funeral pomp as evinced the pride and ostentation, much more than the taste and concern, of those who directed his obsequies.' Of the Duke, we believe, in his decHning years, the remark of the poet was literally verified, whatever may have been the case with the Duchess : — ' From Marlborough's eyes the streams of dotage flow.' Blenheim became the splendid palatial residence it now is during the life-time of the Duchess, though various domestic circumstances arose, into which we cannot enter here, to preclude the possibility of her ever enjoying it as a family residence. She took care, however, that it should not remain without some conspicuous memorial within its palatial pale of the Royal, as well as national, munificence to which the Marlboroughs owe so magnificent a possession. She erected a fine full-length statue of Queen Anne on a massive pedestal, bearing in its panels a long inscription from her own pen, gratefully testifying to the virtues, public and private, of Her Majesty— a memento that is highly creditable to the Duchess, as well as honourable to her Royal Mistress. She a 2 XX Introduction. departed this life, ' full of years and honours,' as the chroniclers say, on the i8th of October, 1744. The general subject of the Duchess's quarrel with Queen Anne has been so fully discussed in connection with Her Grace's published correspond- ence, that it would not be necessary to allude to it here, but for one element in it at least, that of the great uncongeniality of character which prevailed, having been too much overlooked. It is one that involves considerations which in our popular histories and biographies are generally so systematically ignored as often, if not to obscure the real bearing of certain historic transactions, yet certainly to exclude from them a degree of light which might, no doubt, have made them much better understood. It has never, perhaps, been particularly noted what a marked distinction there was between the Queen and the Duchess of Marlborough on the subject of religion and the Church. It is quite probable, of course, that during the period of their closest and most affectionate intimacy Queen Anne had not yet taken the warm interest in such matters that she subsequently felt. But at any rate there is reason to believe that Her Majesty's gradual discovery not merely of the Duchess's indifference to religion, but of her hostility to the Church, in those higher aspects, at least, in which the Queen had come to regard it, had no little to do, personally and privately, Introduction. xxi not only in estranging Her Majesty's affections, but also in forfeiting her respect. But any direct evidence of this, in these Letters, is merely, it must be confessed, of a negative kind. Whenever the Duchess has occasion to allude to the subject, it is only, in substance, to reiterate that she is ' a Protestant,' and this in scarcely any other sense than that of an anti-Romanist. She seldom, if ever, gives expression, even in immediate connection with the subject, to any religious thought, or any Church sentiment ; nor was there anything, whether in her private or public character or career, that indicated a serious concern for either the one or the other. She has, however, elsewhere put on record her idea of and her feeling toward the Church in terms which, though brief and cursory, are yet sufficiently signifi- cant. It occurs in a ' Letter to Lord ,' entitled ' An Account of the Conduct of the Duchess of Marlborough from her first coming to Court to the year 1710,' published in London in 1742, in which she says, alluding to Queen Anne, ' For my own part I had not the same prepossessions [for the Church]. The word Church had never any charm for me, in the mouths of those who made the most noise with it ; for I could not perceive that they gave any other distinguishing proof of their regard for the thing than a frequent use of the word, like a spell to enchant weak minds ; xxii Introduction. and a persecuting zeal against Dissenters, and against those real friends of the Church who would not admit that persecution was agreeable to its doctrine.' Such was the popular liberal cant of that day, as it is indeed of our own time ; and puri- tanism and worldliness are, and ever have been, at one upon it. It strikingly shows in the case before us what an element of discord, and of animosity, there was in the Duchess's heart and mind as respects Queen Anne, notwithstanding, for a while, their seeming attachment to each other. Another allusion is made to this subject in the published ' Account of her Conduct,' etc., just referred to. She is speaking of another Letter to some great personage that she had prepared for publication, the object of which, she says, is 'to give an account of my conduct with respect to parties, and of the successful artifice of Mr. Harley and Mrs. Masham, in taking advantage of the Queen's passion for what she called the Church, to undermine me in her affections.' She belonged too, it must be remembered, to a party which then, as it does still, seldom hesitated to range itself in hostility to the Church, and which included in its ranks, as it continues to do, most of those who sought, either directly or in- directly, the Church's overthrow- — many of them, in fact, the overthrow of religion itself. Now Queen Anne, we repeat, was iii all those Introduction. xxiii respects a very different character from Sarah Duchess of Marlborough. Even Smollett, who had but little sympathy with such Royal virtues, has yet been constrained to acknowledge, and has almost affected to appreciate them, in the case of Queen Anne. ' She was zealously attached,' he declares, ' to the Church of England from conviction rather than from prepossession, unaffectedly pious, just, charitable, and compassionate,' — Christian graces that were anything but conspicuous in the Duchess of Marlborough. ' She felt,' the same historian continues, ' a mother's fondness for her people, by whom she was universally beloved with a warmth of affection which even the prejudice of party could not abate. In a word,' he adds, ' if she was not the greatest, she was certainly one of the best and most unblemished sovereigns that ever sat upon the throne of England, and well deserved the expressive, though simple epithet of " The Good Queen Anne." ' That Her Majesty's being a devout Christian and earnest-minded Churchwoman had every thing to do with what constituted her ' one of the best and most unblemished of sovereigns that ever sat upon the throne of England ' will not, for a moment, we think, be disputed by anyone capable of forming an opinion upon the question. The Duchess herself, indeed, has expressed a decided opinion of the Queen's- unaffected piety and equity, emphatically XX iv Introduction. declaring of Her Majesty, in one of her published letters, ' She was religious without affectation, and certainly meant to do everything that was just.' True, on another occasion, she attributes Her Majesty's Church polity, if not also her religious feelings, to a lower motive, when she states that ' the Queen was very much bigoted to the Tories or Church party, as they affected to call themselves, thereby insinuating that the Whigs were all Dis- senters, and enemies thereto ' — that is to the Church. But this idea was altogether of a political character. And there can be little doubt that the Duchess's own real sentiments on the subject, as one of public concern, were altogether of such a character. An able and impartial Church historian of our own day, remarking upon the state of things ecclesiastical at the period of Queen Anne's acces- sion, appositely says — ' It was at this time that the terms High Church and Low Church first began to be used, originally in the House of Commons. The latter name was given to those who sided with Government in opposing the Church and favouring Dissenters, whilst the former title designated the opposite party. Most of the Bishops in this (William's) reign being appointed by Government influence, naturally belonged to the Low Church section.' ^ There can be no feeling of surprise, therefore, when he goes on to say, that • ' Queen > Blunt's ' Key to Church History.' Introdviction. xxv Anne, as a member of the exiled Stuart family, and professedly a firm Churchwoman, was gladly wel- comed by many to whom the late Sovereign had been very unacceptable.' It was that very Govern- ment, let it be borne in mind, to which the House of Marlborough belonged ; and it was whilst such a policy was being pursued that the then all-powerful Duchess succeeded in ingratiating herself with the new Sovereign. Queen Anne, however, saw through it all in due time, and then came the revulsion, the Duchess's mortifications under which are so con- stantly, though often complacently, exhibited in the following correspondence. Alluding to the period of the Queen's accession, the historian we have just quoted further observes — ' The Court and Govern- ment was now given up to Anti-Church influence, through the ascendency of the Marlborough faction.' This is pointed enough. But it is strictly true ; and none, one may be sure, had greater weight in the ' Marlborough faction ' than the Marlboroughs them- selves ; as no one, it may well be believed, was more potent, or had greater opportunities, for mischief, being, as she was, for only too long a period in the ascendant over the Queen herself, than Sarah Duchess, whose are the Letters which follow. The sudden and violent estrangement that arose is much more clearly explained in connection with these circumstances than it could otherwise be ; for xxvi Introductio7i. the attachment that for some time subsisted, as we have already shown, was evidently one of no ordi- nary character. According to the Duchess's own statement of their intimacy — which has been already incidentally alluded to, and there is no reason to doubt its correctness — the Queen was habitually de- monstrating her love and regard for her favourite. ' It was this turn of mind,' Her Grace stated, ' which made her one day propose to me that whenever I should happen to be absent from her, we might in all our letters write ourselves by feigned names, such as would import nothing of distinction of rank between us. Morley and Freeman were the names her fancy hit upon ; and she left me to choose by which I should be called. My frank, open temper naturally led me to pitch upon Freeman, and so the Princess took the other ; and from this time Mrs. Morley and Mrs. Freeman began to converse as equals.' Not improbably one reason for Anne proposing this course of correspondence might be a fear lest her sister, Queen Mary, should on any occasion inter- cept their letters. For Her Majesty had a strong aversion to the Duchess, and did all in her power to set Anne against her, until, at length, on the plea that the Duke was dismissed by King William from all his appointments, and in disgrace at Court, she insisted on the Princess dismissing the Duchess also, and excluding her too altogether from the Introduction. xxvii Court, Anne, however, warded off this blow as long as she could, and their correspondence as Mrs. Morley and Mrs. Freeman would seem to have con- tinued, and to have shown more and more the strong attachment of the Princess. The settlement by Anne of ^2,000 a-year on the Duchess was one among many instances of the ardency of that attachment. And we learn, with respect to this, that some little delay having arisen in the payment of it by her Treasurer, Anne wrote to the Duchess thus : — ' 'Tis long since I mentioned this thing to dear Mrs. Free- man. She has all the reason in the world to believe I did not mean what I said, or that I have changed my mind, which are both so ill qualities that I cannot bear you should have cause to think your faithful Morley is capable of being guilty of either.' An attachment like this, then, would not be rudely and ruthlessly severed without some ex- traordinary cause ; and such a cause may not un- reasonably, under all the circumstances, be found in that disagreement which Anne had come to regard as involving vital principles, religious and political — their disagreement, namely, on the grave questions of religion and the Church, It may be thought, perhaps, that these remarks would have been more appropriate in an Introduc- tion to a more general collection of the Duchess of Marlborough's published correspondence than to xxviii Introduction. one so limited, and merely supplemental, as the pre- sent is. But they are not altogether out of place even here ; and they will be excused, it is hoped, if only on the ground that they are such as have pro- bably never been so pointedly made before. That the Duchess was deeply mortified, not to say vio- lently angered, by the Queen's conduct towards her, it is impossible to doubt ; yet it will be seen that she but slightly displays her mortification, or her anger, in the following letters, although they were written, many of them, almost immediately after the painful occurrences which have here been re- ferred to. In nothing is Queen Anne's partiality for the Duchess, ere the rupture arose, more strikingly evinced than in Her Majesty's lavish bestowal of permanent pecuniary grants upon Her Grace, in ad- dition to the accumulating payments which at one period swelled the Duke's own income to nearly ;^5 5,000 a-year. The following is a published state- ment of the Duchess's regular emoluments : — As Keeper of the Great and Home Parks, ^1,500; as Mistress of the Robes, ^1,500 ; as Keeper of the Privy Purse, £1,100; as Groom of the Stole, ;i^3,ooo ; together with a pension out of the Privy Purse of ;^2,ooo — total annual income of Her Grace ^9,500. And according to the Duchess's account, these munificent amounts were not only IntrodMction. xxix most deliberately arranged, but most resolutely en- forced, by the Queen herself. It must, therefore, have been something far higher than any political or personal prejudice which could cause so sudden and violent a change of feeling as Anne's subsequent estrangement from the Duchess, and apparent an- tipathy to her, so remarkably exhibited; and that something, we repeat, is only to be discovered in the intense consciousness of the Queen that upon a sub- ject which, above all others, Her Majesty had come to regard as of vital moment to the prosperity of her kingdom, her quondam favourite, and once too frequent flatterer, was most grievously at fault. The item of ;^2,ooo a-year from the Privy Purse having been called in question, the Duchess, it is on record, inserted the following statement in her ac- counts : — ' After the Princess came to the Crown she was pleased to write to me to take ^2,000 a-year out of the Privy Purse, and make no words of it, and lay it up to do something with ; because, she added, she had not power to do as others had done before her, to reward faithful services, — that I might own it or conceal it as I liked best, for she did not care who knew what she gave to one she could never reward enough.' We also have it attested by the Duchess herself how generous Anne was in her provision for the future as well as for the present. ' The Queen,' Her Grace states, ' never forgot her XXX Introduction. promises of providing for all my children, which she fully performed.' When their connection became broken off, a demand would appear to have been made, from a hostile quarter, to have the Duchess's accounts examined ; and the following is Her Grace's own version of the result : — ' Her Majesty, after keeping my accounts a sufficient time to have them carefully examined (I suppose by Mr. Harley), re- turned them to me signed in this manner : — " Feb. i, 1 7j?. / have examined these accounts, a?id allow them. Anne R." ' Coldly formal though this acknowledg- ment is, even as a mere voucher, it is yet a suffi- cient justification of the Duchess as regards the question at issue ; while it certainly involves con- siderations which go far to strengthen the argument we have already adduced. But this correspondence, it will be observed, is by no means confined to public affairs. Much of it has reference to private and personal matters, and even domestic details. Some of it may on this ac- count appear trivial and insignificant, and under ordinary circumstances it would probably deserve to be so regarded. But Sarah Duchess of Marl- borough was an extraordinary character, and her name has an historic renown which gives an interest, more or less, to everything connected with her. Besides, there prevails in educated English society a not altogether unreasonable curiosity to know all Introduction. xxxi that can be learned of the home-hfe of its country's historic personages, we might almost say of the inner life, which so generally affords the truest insight into the real character of such personages, and so often gives the clew to hidden motives. It is per- haps an advantage that these Letters do deal so largely with the Duchess's private and personal con- cerns and those of her illustrious husband, since the correspondence which has already met the public eye is mainly, if not altogether, devoted to affairs of State : though, at the same time, many of these Letters are by no means devoid of interest in that respect. It is not often that the broils and bitternesses of poli- tical life, or the tainted atmosphere of courts, can conduce to the enjoyment of domestic happiness and repose. The idea of the poet, it is to be feared, is not frequently realised, that ' At home the hateful names of parties cease. And factious souls are weary'd into peace.' But it is interesting to know whether this is ever the case or not in the homes of such as have figured so prominently, and often amid so much greatness and grandeur, as did Sarah Duchess of Marlborough ; and these Letters, therefore, are for that, among other reasons, even in their most private and per- sonal details, calculated to afford both entertainment and instruction. The Duchess's system of orthography, which is xxxii Introduction. preserved as found to prevail throughout the whole correspondence, however vulgar and ilHterate it may now appear, was that which in her day and genera- tion was generally in vogue in the highest classes of English society. But it is not, it will be perceived, a strictly uniform system. It extended, too, it will be seen, to the names of persons as well as things. The name of the person to whom most of the fol- lowing Letters are addressed, which was also her own maiden name, is spelled in two or three dif- ferent ways. In the later years of her active life there is a slight improvement in Her Grace's spell- ing ; and this may not improbably have been owing to the greater attention that had come to be paid to orthography in the education of the rising genera- tion. The circumstance of one of her grandchil- dren — called to act as the Duchess's amanuensis on a certain emergency— spelling what was written with almost faultless propriety, certainly encourages, if it does not indicate, this idea. Dean Swift has pointed out as ' a cause which hath maimed our language, a foolish notion that we ought to spell exactly as we speak;' facetiously though forcibly adding that, 'since in London they clip their words after one manner about the Court, another in the City, and a third in the Suburbs, all this reduced to writing must entirely confound orthography.' But in the case before us this would scarcely account for the bad Introduction. xxxiii. spelling that is to be complained of. The fact is, that correct spelling was seldom or never, we believej acquired at school in the Duchess's youthful days, and therefore seldom or never adopted ; and this owing to the circumstance, not improbabl}'', of orthography not having yet become a settled and determinate thing in the English lan- guage. In other published correspondence of Sarah Duchess of Marlborough, the device of cyphers is shown to have been systematically used. But in these Letters it has not been so adopted. In one of them, however, a set of cyphers is given, but without any instructions as to their employnient ; although allusion is occasionally made to the insecurity of correspondence by post, more especially from abroad, and in cases where the parties corresponding were suspected to be disaffected towards the existing Mi- nistry. The cyphers, or numerals, here referred to were twenty-five in number, and represented many of the leading public characters of the day, including the Queen, and the Duke and Duchess of Marl- borough themselves. It is remarked in one of the editions of the Marlborough Correspondence that has been some time published, that 'from the i6th to the end of the i8th century public men used cyphers in their correspondence, for it was not till a comparatively late period that the post was a safe b xxxiv Introdttction. conveyance. About the time of which we are now writing,' it is added, ' numbers were generally used for this purpose, to which sometimes were given the signification of letters, and at others of words. In the correspondence of the Duchess of Marlborough and Lord Godolphin with the Duke of Marlborough, the only cyphers used are a series of numerals which stood for names of people and countries, and some party names, etc., which to those unacquainted with their signification were a sufficient disguise to the meaning.' The numerals attached to one of the following Letters were probably the same as those referred to in this quotation. Strange, however, that there should be no employment of them, with a single exception, in a correspondence so much of which was from abroad, and in which the risk of safety and security by the post is repeatedly alluded to. But it will be observed that the Duchess is somewhat cautious in her allusions to the existing Administration, and is especially reticent and re- served in any mention of Her Majesty the Queen. Not these Letters only, but all the published correspondence of Sarah Duchess of Marlborough, show her Grace to have had 'the pen of a ready writer ' — to have been, in fact, a facile and an accom- plished correspondent : wonderfully so, indeed, for a lady of that period — although it is quite true she was by no means an ordinary character, even in those Introduction. xxxv higher circles in which she so conspicuously and for a long time so brilliantly shone. The great interest of her correspondence arises, of course, from the ex- alted position which she occupied, and the peculiar opportunities she enjoyed of becoming acquainted with the most private affairs of the Court, and often the most critical situations of the Government. But independently of such attractions as these, whether in their political or personal aspect, the Letters are interesting and valuable as models of a good epis- tolary style. Congreve, in one of his imitations of Ovid, remarks — ' Be sure, avoid set-phrases when you write, The usual way of speech is more polite.' Sarah Duchess of Marlborough was one who had evidently profited by this injunction. Montaigne, alluding to the epistolary conventionalities of his own time and country, says — ' The letters of this age consist more in foldings and fine prefaces than matter ; where I had rather write two letters than close and fold up one, and always assign that em- ployment to some other ; as also when the business of my letter is despatched, I would with all my heart transfer it to another hand, to add those long harangues, offers, and prayers we place at the bottom, and should be glad that some new custom should discharge us from that unnecessary trouble ; as also superscribing them with a long ribble-row of xxxvi Introduction. qualities and titles, which, for fear of mistakes, I have several times given over writing, especially to men of the long-robe.' The Duchess of Marl- borough, in her correspondence, has acted very much in the spirit of such remonstrances as these. Save when displeased or disturbed, she was a remarkably courteous writer : somewhat too lavish of compli- ment, and over fond of flattery sometimes ; but all that belonged to the age, and was encouraged by circumstances. Its indulgence rarely interfered, however, with the real and generally substantial object of her com.munications ; and at no time would she appear to have sacrificed the suaviter in modo for the. fortiter in re. Making all due allowance for the suspicion of partiality, in being a witness in her own cause, it would not seem unreasonable to conclude, after an unprejudiced perusal of these Letters, that, with all her faults, Sarah Duchess of Marlborough was not deserving of much of the obloquy that was so per- sistently cast upon her, not only during her lifetime, but for a long while afterwards. Political animosity and party spirit had of course much to do with the vituperative attacks that were made upon her. One who evidently cherished a rancorous hatred of her was Harley, Earl of Oxford ; though his letter to Her Grace, which will be found in the following corre- spondence, and which will now for the first time, we Introduction. xxxvii believe, meet the public eye, conveys an emphatic assurance of Harley's disbelief of many of the charges made against her. Whether or not Harley was sin- cere, may no doubt admit of dispute ; for sincerity was a rare virtue with public men of that day, and all the fashionable conventionalities, alike of political and social life, were as hollow as the wind. Among the more witty, but not the less malicious, of the Duchess's assailants was Pope, the poet ; and it is a significant circumstance that one of the severest satires on Her Grace obtained posthumous publicity through her bitter enemy, Harley. We allude to the poem of ' Atossa, a Satire on Woman,' first pub- lished, we believe, in the ' Harleian Miscellany,'-— a collection of unpublished manuscripts and other papers, tracts, etc., found in his library after his decease. It is, in the ' Miscellany,' entitled, ' The Character of a certain great Duchess, deceased ; by a certain great Poet, lately deceased.' But it sadly overshoots the mark; and as well as being characterised by malevolence, it is full of misrepre- sentations. For instance, it says : — ■ ' For sixty years this world has been her trade. The wisest fool that time has ever made ; From loveless youth to unrespected age. No passion gratified except her rage.' Now here, within four lines, there are as many calumnies, (i) The world was w/ her trade in any xxxviii Introduction. such special sense as Pope implies — not more so, we dare say, than it was his own, although after another fashion. (2) And certainly she was no fool, wise or otherwise. (3) Neither was she ' loveless ' in her youth ; on the contrary, she was one of the most lovely women of the day, and from all reliable accounts, at that time as lovable as she was lovely ; and loving, it was believed, very sincerely Colonel Churchill, whom she married in preference to other and richer suitors. (4) Whilst as to gratifying, as years advanced, no other passion than her rage, the following Letters contain a good deal that decidedly contradicts it also. There is a couplet that comes after the above quotation which further displays the unscrupulousness of the poet, namely : — ' But what are these to gi-eat Atossa's mmd, Scarce once herself, by turns all womankind ? ' This correspondence certainly shows no such in- consistency, no such versatility of character. But the truth was, we repeat, that Pope, for some reason or other, had a deadly spite against her, a fact which the following extract sufficiently corroborates : — ' Atossa, cursed with every granted prayer, Childless with all her children, wants an heir. To heirs unknown descends th' augmented store. Or wanders, Heaven-directed, to the poor.' This, to say the least of it, as every one acquainted Introduction. xxxix with the Duchess's case must admit, is a great ex- aggeration, and a most malicious insinuation. Dr. Johnson was evidently very much of our opinion when, in his Life of Pope, in the ' British Poets,' he declared — ' The time soon came in which it was safe to display the Duchess of Marlborough under the name of Atossa ; and her character was inserted with no great honour to the writer's gratitude.' The mention of Congreve and Montaigne has a personal interest in connection with our subject — ' more especially as • regards Congreve, to whom, it 'will be remembered, there is a conspicuous monu- ment in Westminster Abbey, which records its having been erected by Henrietta, Duchess of Marl- borough, who is said to have entertained a warm regard for the poet, and to whom, in preference to claims of kindred or to humbler friendships, he left the bulk of his fortune. Henrietta was the daughter of Sarah Duchess of Marlborough, and succeeded to the title under a special Act of Parliament. She died in 1733, eleven years after the death of her father, and eleven years before the death of her mother. Montaigne belonged to a previous age — nearly two centuries before. But he was one for whose works Sarah Duchess of Marlborough is understood to have had a great admiration — his Essays in particulai- — though she was not familiar with them in their native language. The Duchess xl Introduction. would not seem, however, to have invariably pro- fited by such preceptors. The Mr. Jennens, or Jennings, to whom the greater portion of the following Letters were written, was a relative of the Duchess's, and a London lawyer of eminence, and. of substance. Sarah Duchess of Marlborough was the daughter of Richard Jennens, or Jennings, Esq., of Sandridg6, in Hertfordshire, through whom the relationship existed. One of the family, Colonel Robert Jennens, was A. D. C. to King William the Third ; and his wife was Anne Guidott, sister, we believe, of the Mr. Guidott whose name occurs so frequently in the following correspondence. The Jennenses from whom the Duchess was descended were an old and good family in Hertfordshire ; and Her Grace of Marlborough was co-heiress with her sister, the Duchess of Tyrconnel, and enjoyed her large portion of the estates until her death. Being extremely handsome and attractive, and introduced at Court very young, as a Lady of the Bedchamber to Anne, Princess of Denmark, she soon established her reputation as one of the 'Court Beauties' of the day. Letters OF THE Duchess of Marlborough. SECTION FIRST. HE following Letters of Sarah Duchess of Marlborough are divided into Three Sections. The first embraces the period immediately pre- ceding her quarrel with Queen Anne, and the defeat and disgrace of the Whig Ministry, of which the Duke and Duchess were the life and soul. The second comprises the period of their exile, which arose from their being in disgrace at Court, and objects of animosity and annoyance with the Government. And the third includes the period subsequent to their return home, and their restora- tion to royal favour after the death of Q^^een A nne and the accession of George I. The year, it will be observed, but seldom forms part of the date ; but it is given on conjecture, in several instances, by the Editor. The omission is, generally speaking, not very material ; though it would certainly have been more satisfactory to have had the exact year. Along with the last letter in Section First, relating to the Duchess's expulsion from Court, there is given a letter from Mr. Harley which very considerably exonerates her Grace, and is alto- gether most favourable to her case. B 2 Letters of the sect. i. No. I. To Mr. yennens. Jan. the 8th, London. I have thought of writing to you twenty Times since you left London, but having Nothing to say that was of any Service to you, I have myself been prevented with the miserable hurrys that you have seen in this Place, and concluded that an insignificant Letter would be no Loss to you, but now I must give you a thousand Thanks for your kind Letter to me, though it gives me a great deal of Pain, and I long mightyly to hear from you again, and to know that your dear Son continues in the same good Way you thought him when you wrote to me. I wish with all my Soul that he had had that cruell Disease when I could have assisted dear Mrs. Jennens in looking after him, which I am sure I would have done with more Care and Tendernesse than anybody in the World except herself. I began this Year with being lucky at Play, having won at Dise with the King 568 Guineas, which makes me hope I shall not bee un- lucky to you in our Tickitts, but I will say no more of such Things till I know your Mind is quit at ease, which I hope you will have the Goodnesse to tell me very soon. No. 2. To Mr. yennens. Jan. the nth, Tiusday. I beg you to write me two Lines to put me out of Pain for your dear Son, for I am really very im- SECT. I. Duchess of Marlborough. 3 patient to hear of him, which I have not don since your Letter that gave the first Account of his having the Small Pox, and I have sent to your Hous, and they knew Nothing. God Almighty preserve him to you. We have wone 70 Pounds in the Lottery, that I have look'd over Yesterday, but nothing of that Kind is worth writing upon. No. 3. To Mr. yennens. Saturday. I give you a thousand Thanks for the Favour of yours of the i ith January, which relieved me of a great Deal of Pain ; for I had sent to your Son's and could learn Nothing but that your Son Avas very full of that dreadfull Disease, and I apprehended very much that some sad Turn had happend, though you were so easy when you first wrote to me upon it. I rejoyce with you and dear Mrs. Jennens from the Bottom of my Heart for this great Deliver- ance, and I hope now it is all over, she will take as much Care of herself as she did of her dear Son, who I wish may never give her a Minet's Pain again, but study to return his whole Life, in a better Manner than mere Children do, the great Care and Tendernesse that I am sure she has, and will ever have, for him. Tho' you are so indifferent as to our Lottery, I can't help telling you that I had Ten Prizes in about 30 of our Tickets, but they were all paltery Things, two of 50 Pounds, and the other eight 20 each. I thank you for your kind Care of 4 Letters of the sect. i. my small Affairs. I shall observe your Directions if the Servant comes to me, and am as I ought to be most faithfully yours. No. 4. To Mrs. yennens. Windsor Castle, Aprill the 8th. I was very sorry to leave London, Madam, without waiting upon you, which I intended very often, and to have beg'd the Favour of you and Mr. Jenyns to have come to me, but it is impossible for you to imagin the Hurry I am in when I am at St. James's, and the Court in Town, and it would be ridiculous to discribe it, but I hope before the Sumer is gon to have an Opertunity of seeing you, and in the mean time I was incouraged by some- thing Mr. Jenyns said to beg a Favour of you, that you would sometimes call upon the Woman that is working my Bed with Poynt, when you goe that way, and it is no great Trouble to you, for without your Advise I doubt she will never finish it like that which Mrs. Reeves begun, and with your Assistance I might yet hope to see it a very fine Thing. If I did not believe you very good I should never have taken such a Liberty as to have ask'd you such a Favour, which I should be glad to return if it were possible for me to bee of any Use to you, being very sincerely, dear Mrs. Jenyns, your most obedient and most humble Servant, S. Marlborough. My humble Services to Mr. Jenyns. I hope your pretty Son is well. SECT. I. Duchess of Marlborough. 5 No. s- To Mrs. yennens. Wednesday Morning. I trouble dear Mrs. Jennens with this to let her know that wee have found Diamonds to button back the Monto and Dyes coat, so that all the Diamonds you have may be used upon the Sleeves if you please. Before I send to a third to play at Ombra to-night, I desire to know if Mr. Jennens likes to play; but as I believe Lady Burlingham can't come, Lady Pembroke will play but Half-crowns. I won't desire you to dine here if it is uneasy, but we never goe to Dinner till half-an-hour after Two ; all I can say is that you will both be very wellcome, and I have wonderfull good Ale. No. 6. To Mrs. Jennens. I give you many Thanks, dear Mrs. Jenens, for all your Goodnesse to me, which sometimes I fear makes me too troublesome. This little Money is for Dyes Affair, and I beg of you to send me those Bills again, if it is not quite as well as containing Money. The reason I send them so is that all that the Duke of Marlborough pays is done in this manner. I am ever yours. Tuesday Night — too late to send. I wish I may hear Mr. Jennens had a good Night at the return of his Messenger. 6 Letters of the sect. i. No. 7. To Mrs. yennens. Whatever has been the Cause of Mr. Jennens's Illnesse ? I hope it is over, and that it is not of a dangerous Sort. If you care to have any of my beloved Sir W. RawleigEs Cordial, I will send you some very good of Doctor Gibsons making. I can find but these 34 Diamonds upon the Knott. I hope there is all you put. If I did not mistake you two on the Bottom were mine, which are on still. Send me Word if you have all you should have. Dear Mrs. Jennens, I am sorry for the Fright you have been in. Day. No. 8. To Mr. Jennens. \ Feb. the l6th, O. S. ■ I write to you by a Man that brought Writings to sign in great Hast, and could not answer all you said in yours of the 2nd of this Month ; and I am sure I can never sufficiently thank you for all the Pains you take in our Affairs, and you must be con- tented with having Vertue, which the Stoicks say is its own Reward. What you say of the Rules to be given at Woodstock is intirely right ; and in a proper Time I love to bee rid of Everybody I know to be a Rogue, and take my Chance for the next. The D. of M. wrote lately to this Effect, that hee would have SECT. I. Duchess of Marlborough. 7 any Estate bought that his Friends thought a good Purchase, but that it was natural for him to prefer any Purchase in Oxfordshire or Hertfordshire before any other if they were equally good Bargains ; and I think next to those two Countys Bedfordshire is the best, for 'tis between his Estate at St. Albans and that of Holdenby that you seeme so well satisfyd with. Thirty Pounds a- Year was my Agreement for his Allowance ; I mean Mr. Montjo. I can't remember to what Time hee was paid, but in the Account which I gave you of that Estate I remem- ber I write what was necessary for you to know, as perticularly that the Person had Mony charged in an Account past that was not due but in one that was not then come in. I shall not trouble you with much more upon Coxs Subject, having done so so fully allready, only this, that Nothing was ever so impudent as his last Intention of paying his own Rents to the D. of Marl., that were stated by Hodges first and C. Mydd. at the Time that the D. of Marl. was in the Hous, and after I had him in Town when the D. of Marl, was gon out of pngland, it was all looked over again by the Goldsmith by St. Clement's Church. Cox and Middleton sent for to London again, and at that Tirne not the least Pretence of having paid any of his Arrear, but some Dispute about a very small Thing between Cox and Myddle- ton of about Ten Pounds, which Cox said hee had paid Mydleton, and hee had not charged it in his Account, but hee said hee would doe it. This is of no Consequence but to shew the Villany of Cox. 8 Letters of the sect. i. I am now come to yours of the 8th, in which, as well as in many others, you shew you have taken more Pains about Ld. Marlborough's Affairs than ever hee did himself, notwithstanding the Passion Mr. Examiner Lee says hee has for Mony. As to the Garden Account, I believe it is much the same for many Yeares ; but that which I observed and did not much admire was in Accounts that I believe are so old that you never saw them. I find that when the D. of Marl, lived all were allways in the Country. When hee was out of Favour with King William^ and. some Time afterwards, I cast up ten Yeares' Accounts at St. Albans, and found the Gar- den Expense was, one Yeare with an other, a hundred apd sixty Pounds a Yeare, and I am sure then they did not require so much Cost, at least, as now that many Things might be saved, and no doubt are saved, that wee can't be sensible of. As for the Pigeon Hous, if that bee a great Expense, 'tis ridi- culous for People that never live there ; and I re- mernber when I was at London the Pigeons hee sometimes sent were not good, and I was answered when I found Fault that they had not so much Feeding as they ought to have. Pray doe what you please in that Matter, or in any Thing else. I am apt to think they cover some Abuses in the Repairs by making use of the Duke of MarLs Name with- out any Authority for doing so, for hee assures me that hee gave no Directions for any Repairs, and hee adds that hee was asked to order Things a SECT. I. Duchess of Marlborough. 9 hundred Times by C. M. and Mr. Carter, but all- ways refus'd it, for hee says that all the Tenants are oblidged to do it themselves by their Leases, and that he is sure, if he had comply'd with what was desir'd, it would have cost him a very great Sum of Money, and the Farmes would have been such as they are now ; and after the D. of Marl. was gone out of England, upon finding that severall Bills in the Accounts, and charged without any Order, or anybody's signing the Bills, I told C. M., nay, I put in the written Orders that hee had from me, that for the Time to come there should not bee a Shilling layd out upon any such Account but what you directed ; so that he calls a Bill of £62 os. i \d., delivered to the D. of Marl., I don't know the Meaning of, nor of the Repaires at Sandridge, unless you ordered it ; and if you look over the very last Account of C. Mydd. you will find, I believe, as well as Mr. Cox, Money paid upon that Head without any Manner of Satisfaction given to the D. of M. or to me why it was paid. I never knew anything of Mr. Carter but that hee was honest, but 'tis out of his Businesse to hinder the Trade from going on that hee professes and lives by, and it is unpardon- able to say I presume to order him to do anything, after what had been said, that you don't approve of. I allways expected such an Account as you give of the Oxfordshire Estates, which would be to no Pur- pose to tell me, because I know Nothing perticular of anything there but Mr. R. ; but as to any Ques- lo Letters of the sect. i. tions you have to ask pray don't spair me when you are at Leisure yourself, for 'tis quit new to make Excuses for troubUng me in my own Businesse, be- sides that I have not much to doe here ; and yet I have write this so fast I think 'tis hardly possible for you to read it. I reckon now, very soon, you will bee busy with Parliament. I don't much like a Thing I heard of the Gendeman that R. begins not to think well of, that hee professes much to bee for the Protestant Succession, but is not att all per- suaded there is any Danger of the P. of W., and that I think is the exact Stile of Sir Ro., that hee will come into any Thing for the Security of the Protestant Sue. ; but the Whigs must begin that. Now, according to my plain simple Way of Thinking, I apprehend this to bee some Trick ; for if a great Lady who is now so well in her Health will bee angry that any Thing should bee don to secure that, what is the Difference between those Men that begin it, or those that joyn in the doing it ? But why should one imagin that a Person who con- siderd Religion before her Father should not like to take Care of that Poynt in case we should be so unfortunate as to loose her ? Has not the Q. her Sister confessed that she should live in England, tho she was the next Heir, with so much Virtue as made it very dangerous ? sEcr. I. Duchess of Marlborough. 1 1 No. 9. To Mrs. Jennens. Friday, nine in the Morning. I hear you are to be of our Party to-day, dear Mrs. yennens. I don't know how soon it is neces- sary for us to sett out to be at Kensington a little before Three, and the Duke of Marlborough is but such a weak, and I am not certain at what Houre it will be easy for him to goe ; but if you and Mr. yennens will be so good as to goe with us upon the Conditions that I whisperd in your Eare, we will call you at the Hour you shall send Word is the latest wee must come, and as much sooner as it happens to bee convenient. No. 10. To Mr. yennens. Hearing you say that dear Mrs. yennens wanted a Chain for her Watch, I beg she will accept of this from your most faithfull Humble Servant, S. Marlborough. The Swiffalls lock to secure the Seals from being lost, and if she does not know how to open them, that Skill I can teach her. 1 2 Letters of the sect. i. No. II. To Mrs. Jennens. Dear Mrs. Jennens, this is to desire that you will cutt me a Peice of Paper of the exact Bignesse of that half Hankerchare that you weare upon your Neck. I hope both you and Mr. Jennens are well. You will bee wellcome to dine here to-day if you happen to bee at Liberty. Friday. No. 12. To Mrs. Jennens. Mar. the 20th. I give you many Thanks, dear Mrs. Jenings, for the Favour of your Letter, but I am in so great a Hurry, and have been ever since I had it, that I could not send to you, and now I am going out of Town. I wish, however, that you would just see how you like the Worke before you goe. I am sorry Mr. Jenings has been ill, for I wish both him and you all manner of Happynesse, and am your most faithful humble Servant, S. Marlborough. No. 13. To Mrs. Jennens. This is a Bitt of Cloath that came from Hannover, and did not cost above twenty Shillings a Skirt. I made Dye Frocks of some of it. I know 'tis not to bee had here, but I send it you that when you goe to Chyn you may bee so good as to see any Cloath SECT. I. Duckess of Ma-rlhorough. 13 that you like, Yard broad, and it need not bee finer than this. I shall want 22 Yards 3 Quarters, and half Quarter to finish this great Work of 14 Frocks. When you are out I wish you would fit me a Peice of the deep blew Thing that you thought would bee good enough to imbroader old Silver upon. I am ready to pay my Debts when you will ; let me know what they are. I wish you and Mr. Jennens liked to dine with us to-day at 3 o'Clock. For Mrs. yennens. No. 14. To Mrs. yennens. I was in great Pain for the Uneasynesse you suffered last Night, dear Mrs. Jenyns, from the Folly of my Servants, but I hope I shall hear by this Bearer that you got Home without any Accident, which is the chief Occasion of my Writing ; but now I have a Pen in my Hand I have a Mind to explain more fully what I ment about the Lace, which I should never have taken the Liberty to trouble you with, but that you were so good as to encourage me to doe it. I think it would look well to have the Lappits all Lace when the Hood behind is to be Muslin ; and therefore I desire you would bee pleas'd to order the Woman to make the Lace of the Breadth of the Lappits that you turned up to joyn at the Topp of the Hood before. That Breadth will be very hansome tell it comes to the Sid of the Hood. I mean that goes up from the Corner to the Croun, and then it will bee as well to have it narrower 14 Letters of the sect. i. in any Way as the Lace falls conveniently. And you may order the Woman to take what Terms is neces- sary to doe it well, and bring it to me when it is don, I hope the fresh Air will establish Mr. Jenynss Health, and that when you come to Town again I shall have the Satisfaction of seeing you, which is always a Pleasure to your most faithfull and most humble Servant, S. Marlborough. No. 15. To Mrs. yennens. Thursday Night. They tell me just now that there is a Doe come from Woodstock, which I desire you will send for to-morrow Morning. I dare not trust any Body to bring to you, for fear they should impose Fees for what came for my own Use. ■ I hope you are well, dear Mrs. Jennens, and I wish Mr. yennens were so to. I have been making formall Vissits all Day, and can hardly hold a Penn in my Hand, it has so tird me. No. 16. To Mrs. yennens. This narrow Fring is enough to put upon the Feet Base of the Bed, and if the broad can bee made to do the two side Bases, they are not seen at the same Time that the Feet is seen, and if it is a little narrower I think it no great Matter. I say that because I fancy they may make it up of near half the Breadth it is now. Six Feet is wanted for the Feet SECT. I. Duckess of M2LT\horough. 15 Bases, and 14 Feet for the two side Bases, and as much more as it will take up in putting one. It is to lye upon the Damask which requires the less thicknesse. I shall want galloon of these two sorts to lace the CurtainS; and to turn the Chairs and Window Curtains. May ask what they will do it for an once. You will observe the fine Colour of the Gold ; 'tis being the best duble guilt which makes it last so long, and look so well, for this has been made this eight Years at least. I hope you are better of your Cold, dear Mrs. yennens,3ind that Mr. Jennenss Spirits are not so low as they were Yesterday. I am sure I wish you both all the Good in this World. I am in no Hast for anything but the Finery. This requires no Answer, but by Word of Mouth, to know how you doe. No. 17. To Mrs. Jennens. This is the Collour of the Damask of which this Bed is made which I must match exactly, because it will be so fine a Fourniture. I shall want of it two Window Curtains, 12 Chairs, and four Curtains for the Bed ; but 'tis no Matter how long I waite for it. No. 18. To Mrs. yennens. I have tryd the Pattrons on the Bed, and find they will all three doe ; that you turned is the best and the prettyest, but any will serve very well. The little Bitt is broad enough, the longest Peice is the 1 6 Letters of the sect. i. freshest Colours ; but of the two last Pattrons the Difference in the Price is only to be considered. If the Pattron you turned can bee had for a small Matter in Price more than either of the others that is best, but bespeak which you will, for any of them will be handsome, and what I call the best is full broad enough. If you and Mr. Jennens are not engaged to Day it will bee a Pleasure to me to have your Company at Dinner, but I love you too well to desire you should come unlesse you like it, dear Mrs. Jennens. Wednesday Morning. No. 19. To Mrs. Jennens. I give you the Trouble of this Letter, dear Mrs. Jenyns, to prevent any Mistake, and to let you know that I found a very great Change in poor Mr. Guydott for the worse Yesterday ; and I am sorry to hear this Morning by Mr. Guydott that he thinks him soe ill. I beg of you that hee may take Mr. Walter Raw Ley s Cordial at Night, and in the Morn- ing, for it did certainly doe him a great deal of good once, and can doe him no Manner of Hurt ; 'tis what I have taken when I have had very little Complaint, and I am sure he wants Spirits extreamly ; and I still hope his Weaknesse may be recovered by that and Ass's Milk ; but since the Time they gave him over I never thought him soe ill as Yesterday. I hope your prity Son is well, which I desire to hear by Word of Mouth, and pray don't trouble yourself to write. SECT. I. Duchess of Marlborough. 1 7 No. 20. To Mrs. yennens. Wednesday. I was in Hopes to have had a better Account of poor Mr. Guydott to day, but they told me hee was just as hee was. Tis very melancholly to indure soe much Pain, without knowing from what Cause, without which Nothing but an Accident can put an End to it ; and certainly his Constitution (though a very good one) can't hold out much longer. Pray, dear Mrs. yenyns, let me know what you think of him now. I don't remember that Mr. Guydott was ever ask'd if his Pain was just as beefore he was cutt, or if it is from the Wound. I am ever most faithfully yours, S. Marlborough. Sf Walter Rawleys Cordial. The usual Dose is a very large hazel Nutt, but in Mr. Guydotfs Case he may take more, and three Times in twenty-four Hours. No. 21. To Mr. yennens. ytu£-ust the 22d, 1710. I take the Liberty of sending you two printed Papers which seem to have a great deal of Strength in them, and confirm me very much in the Opinion I had before, that it is of the last Consequence to England to have a good Election for the next Parlia- ment ; and in that View I desire the Favour of your c 1 8 Letters of the sect. i. Assistance in behalf of Sir Philip Parker, who is the Son of an old Friend of mine, and for whom both my Lord Marlborough and my Lord Godolphin would speak to you if they had an Opportunity. I am very sincerely, S^, your Most faithful Servant, S. Marlbokough. My humble Services to Mrs. Jennings. I hope your pretty Son is well. No. 22. To Mr. jfennens. Windsor Lodge, Dec. 4th, 1 7 10. Going out of Town sooner than I intended hin- dered me from desiring the Favour of seeing you and Mrs. Jennens at my Lodgings, which I hoped to have don ; and not being certain when I shall have the Satisfaction, I take the Liberty to trouble you with the inclosed Papers, and at the same Time to tell you some little Part of my Story, tho it is a Subject that I have been very silent upon when under great Provocation ; but I think it is more than human Nature can bear to see oneself cryd about the Country for a common Cheat and Pickpocket by a Man that is paid by the Ministry to do it when I have acted such a Part as I have don to her Majesty, and have so full a Justification as I have in all Per- ticulars in my own Power ; and I would appeal to you or to any human Creature whether there ever was so scandalous a Reflection upon any Govern- SECT. I. Duckess 0/ Marlhorongh. 19 ment as to have a Man encourag'd and paid for writting all manner of Lyes and malicious Insinua- tions of a Man that has done the Queen and the Nation such true Service, and when most People that I consult with seem to think his Services are as necessary yet as ever. And to make this Proceed- ing all of a Peice monstrous, I am credibly informed that tis Mr, Pryor that writes the Examiner, who has great Obligations to L^- Marl., and that Mr. St. Johns or Mr. Harley see it before tis printed. You will remark what the last says in his Letter to me of the Abhorance he has for publick and private Ingratitude exercised to my Family ; but I think it was not then at such a Hight as now. What > is write upon the saving such a Summ in the Robes seems so improbable that I never would have told it but that it may certainly bee proved ; and as to those private Benefits I have had of the Queen, besides the great Summ the Lady's Woman has cheated in that Account of the Privey Purse, I can't resist telling you more upon this Occasion, which I hope you won't wonder at, that when the Queen came to the Crown, having playd with her forty Year agoe, and been her Servant six or seven and twenty, before which Time she did me the Honour to make a publick Profession of her Friendship to me, which I have never done the least Thing to forfeit. And upon these Considerations, when the late King dyed she told me she had Nothing in her Power to give like former Princess's, and therefore desird me to accept (in these very Words) of two thousand Pounds c 2 20 Letters of the sect. i. a Year out of the Privey Purse, which I might lay up, and supply in Time past what she wanted Power to doe. To this you may easyly imagin I replyd with all manner of Expressions of Thankfullnesse, but with all I said I had enough and my Sallarys were a great deal, and I would by no means take it. After that she was pleased to write to me to take it, and either own or conceal it as I liked best, for she did not care who knew what she gave to one that she could never reward enough ; but I still thought it too much, and I could never persuade myself to take it, which the Accounts will prove, as the Queen's Letter does the kind Intention ; and I doe solemnly protest that notwithstanding all the Envy of People upon that Account, neither publick or private, I never had the value of a Fan of her Majesty since she was a Queen more than my Places, which I came naturally and honestly into (and have en- deavoured to serve her as well as any Mortal could doe), except, what Everybody knows, this Lodge, and the Ground to build a Hous upon in St. J antes s Park. And now I am upon this Subject I hope you will have so much Patience as to let me explain the Advantage of them, since the Examiner has magnified them so much ; and indeed I did once take them for great Favours ; but as to this Lodge, the whole Parke can witnesse that I don't make a Shilling of it, or take away the little Advantages from Keepers, most of which have many Children ; and what could be so wretched as to take what I don't want to make others be half-starved ? For the SECT. I. Duchess of Marlborough. 2 1 Ground in St. James's Parke, a French Woman had it for many Yeares in Quiet, and without Ex- pense or any Merit that I know of ; and I very well remember that when my Grant was passd and the Rent fixed to the Crown, Mr. Woods hee did not think I had a good Bargain, being obliged to pay so much Ground Rent and to lay out twelve thousand Pounds upon a Lease that was to return again to the Crown ; and since the Lease was made I have paid two and twenty thousand Pounds for that Building, and before I can use it must pay ten more at least, which I believe will answer any but the present Ministry upon that Head. My Children the Queen has been very kind to, but that I can shew was of herself, and proceeded from old Pro- mises ; and being all marryd into great Familys, her Majesty can't be injured by any Favours she has don them; it has been no Wrong or any sort of Injustice to any Body, and I hope their Husbands are all as capable of serving her Majesty as any of the Nobillity. For the building of Woodstock, without doubt it has cost a great deal, but there was the Authority of the Parliament for it, as there was for Pension upon the Post Office ; and upon that Ac- count the Queen having the Concurrence of the Parliament, I think it so far from being a Reproach that it will bee a lasting Honour to my Lord Marl- borough and to his Posterity; tho as the Building will never be finished at Blenheim it can never bee any Advantage or Pleasure to my Lord Marlborough or his Family, but will remain now as a Moniment 22 Letters of the sect. i. of Ingratitude, instead of what was once intended ; and for the Profits of the Parke, valued by the Examiner at forty thousand Pounds, I doe assure you the Balance of the last Account I saw for one Year was 47 Pounds ; and tho five thousand a Year is certainly worth a hundred thousand Pounds in most Countrys, I believe no Body would give that Summ for any Pension that is subject to be paid, or ' not, as the Saucage Maker pleases. I hope you read the Medley, or you will think me madd for that , Expression. I have now gone through as much of the Examiner as concerns myself, and it would take a Volum to contradict all the Lyes hee says of Lord Marlborotigh, which are known to bee so by so many People that I hope the Vindication is un- necessary. I can agree to Nothing but the Em- peror's Favours, which were certainly very great, and the more to be valued because hee has had no ill Treatment from him, nor never was reproached with his Presents, but to shew English Gratitude, and I am sure I have Reason to be very thankfull for the Jewells, because I have no others to make myself fine if I would goe to the Assemblys ; and after what I have said I would not have you or any Body think I am not very well satisfyd with my Fortune. You see I was that when I had not so much, since I refused the only Bounty that ever I was offerd ; and my Fault not being Vanity (what- ever else I may bee accused of), you may believe I am very easy with such Employments, so easy that I can part with them whenever it is proper, and that SECT. I. Duchess of Marlborough. 23 I think is a good deal to say in an Age that Men born to great Estates will profess Friendship to People and murder them in the Dark, or any Way to get their Employments. I believe such a Letter as this you never had, and the more Appologys I make the longer it will bee, therefore I will end when I have begd your Pardon for it, and assured you that I am very sincerely your most humble and most obedient Servant, S. Marlborough, I take the Liberty to send you a Doe, which I hope will prove good ; and if it does, I like them better than Bucks. I desire you would not return these Papers, tho I think they would come safe by a Keeper ; but keep them for me till I come to Town, for the Letter from Mr. Harley I would always keep ; and if you know any Body that is worth convincing, who has a wrong Opinion of these Matters, you may shew them to any Body that you please. I think no Body can blame me for it after such Usage. \_Front Mr. Harley to the Duchess of Marlborough. Thursday, Aug, y" 8, 1 706. Madam, — I miss'd the Opportunity of paying my Duty to your Grace last Time at Winsor, which occasions you the Trouble of this Ire. My Brother having made a State of yo' Grace's acco', desird that I woud receive yoiir Pleasure when you woud 24 Letters of Duchess ^Marlborough, sect. i. permitt him to waite upon your Grace with it. I perceive your Grace's Conduct will shine on all Occassions, for my Brother tells me he has made a Collection from all y' Accounts which have been brought in for the Robes for 46 Yeares, since y^ Yeare 1660, and by that it will appeare upon y= Comparison how much better for a great Valine y'' Grace has manadgd for the Crown. He will have the Honour to present this to y' Grace whenever you please to appoint a Time to receive it. I was just going to send this Trouble when I was honourd with your Grace's Command, which I shall apply myself to obey with all imaginable Cheerfullness and Diligence. I cannot think of a Servant and a Spy without the utmost Abhorrence, pticularly when I find it levelled at yo' Grace's Ffamily, to whom we all owe so much. I have been often provokd to see so much publick and private Ingratitude exercisd towards y^ Duke. I shall not omitt any Thing which may tend towards a Discovery of this Villany, and I will not put it into any one's Hands, but manadge that myself I beg yo' Grace will do me y= Honour to believe me to be with y= utmost Duty, Madam, Yo' Grace's most humble And most obedient Servant, Ro. Harley.] SECTION SECOND. ^/f/S Second Series of Letters commences with the Duchess's arrival at Maestricht, a city of the Netherlands, whither the Duke had gone some time previously. The Duchess dwells with natural exultation and pride in some of her Letters, it will be seen, on the signal marks of distinction and honour bestowed upon the Duke in his progress through the Low Countries, and in som.e parts of Germany. These honours and regards must have been highly gratifying and consola- tory to both their Graces, under the humiliating circumstances of their reluctant, if not their enforced exile. No. I. To Mr. yennens. Maestricht, feb. the I2th, 1712. I don't doubt but you heard that I got safe to Ostend in a few Hours after I left you, and my chief Reason of writing to you now is only to thank you for your good Nature in coming to Dover with me. All the Places one pass's thro in these Parts have an Air very different from London. The most con- siderable People I have seen have but just enough 26 Letters of the sect. n. to live, and the ordinary People, I believe, are half starvd ; but they are all so good and so civill that I could not help wishing (if it were possible to separate the honest from the guilty) that they had the Riches and the Libertys that our wise Cittyzens and Country- men have thrown away, or at best put in great Danger, and that they were punished as they deserve to bee by an Arbitrary Prince and Warr, as these poor People have been for fifty Yeares ; and tho the Generality of them I have seen are Roman Catholicks, they fear the Power of France so much that they drink to the Protestant Succession, and the Honours they have don me in all Places upon the Duke of Marlborough's Account is not to bee imagined, which is not disagreeable now, because as it cannot proceed from Power, it shews that heemade a right Use of it when hee was General, and is a short Way of letting you see what People must think Abroad of this Ministry and Parliament. I write this by a sure Hand, and it being so uncertain whether Letters by the Post will come to your Hands, I shall not trouble you without I have some perticular Occasion of writing. I desire you to present my humble Service to Mrs. Jennings and Mr. and Mrs. Guydott, and to believe that wherever the Fate of Marl, and I am, you have two very faithful! Friends and humble Servants. S. Marlborough. SECT. II. Duchess of Marlborough. 27 No. 2. To Mr. jfennens. Aix, the last oi March, O. S. (1712). I hope you have received both my Answers to your Letters before now. This is only to prepare you for the Trouble you will have from Cox when- ever you have the Goodnesse to go to St. Albans. I find by a very foolish Leter that he has written to the Duke of Marlborough, that hee will tell you that hee can take his Oath hee has paid the four hundred Pounds he is charged with over and above what hee acknowledged to bee due, and hee 5,dds that hee all- ways gave up his Accounts and Vouchers, and tis impossible for him to remember Things of that Time 1 2 Yeares. I need not repeat to you what you will find in his Accounts, which you have or will ex- amine, when you will see that all his Demands are allowd, tho ever so unreasonable, and some without Vouchers. I hope you have a great deal of Pa- tience, for I am sure the Businesse the Duke of Marlborough has given you requires it ; but for my own Part I never am provoked so much at any Thing as at scummy and confident Nonsense, of which I never saw so much as in this Man, and I do hope you will not suffer him to impose upon you any new Cheates, for hee has bought a good deal of Land with what hee has allready got out of the Woods, and all Manner of Abuses in his Power, not being worth a Shilling when hee was made Bailiff, You will find him very desirous to defer this Matter 28 Letters of the sect. u. till the Duke of Marl, returns, but there is no Sense in that, for hee has had the Interest of his Mony many Yeares, and tis high Time to make an End of it ; and since, as wicked as hee allways was, the Duke of Marlborough did not let him manage his Estate without some shew of an Account, Nobody that hee can bring to speak for him will say that hee can be allowd more than hee himself has thought fitt to charge in Accounts that seem to bee raisd as high as tis possible in all Perticulars. Since I have Room r can't end without giving you some Account how I pass my Time in this Place, which is in visit- ing Nunnerys and Churches, where I have heard of such Marvells and seen such ridiculous Things as would appear to you incredible if I should set about to describe them, tis so much beyond all that I ever saw or heard of in England of that Religion which I am apt to think has made those Atheists that are in the World, for tis impossible to see the Abuses of the Priests without raising strange Thoughts in one's Mind, which one checks as soon as one can, and I think tis unnaturall for any Body to have so monstrous a Notion as that there is no God, if the Priests (to get all the Power and Mony themselves) did not act in the Manner that they doe in these Parts, where they have three Parts or four of all the Land in the Country, and yet they are not contented, but squeeze the poor deluded People to get more, who are really half- starved by the vast number of Holydays in which they can't work, and the Mony they must pay when SECT. II. Duchess of Marlborough. 29 they have it for the Forgivenesse of their Sins. I beheve tis from the Charm of Power and Mony that has made many of our Clergymen act as they have don ; but my Comfort is, tho a very small one, that if by their Assistance all are quit undon they will not bee the better for it, there is such a vast Number of Priests that must take Place of them, for in one Church where I was lately there were 27 jolly-face Priests that had Nothing in the World to doe but to say Mass for the living and to take the dead Souls the sooner out of Purgatory by their Prayers. My humble Service to all your Family and to Mr. Guydotis. No. 3. To Mr. jfennens. March the 20tli, O. S., Aix. I received the Favour of yours of the loth upon Thursday the 19th, and I am sorry you have an Ague, which I fear will return, notwithstanding your obliging Expressions, or my Wish's, which are, and will allways bee, made for your happynesse of all kinds. I had once that ugly Distemper ; and I took a great deal of the Jesuits' Powder, which I hope you will not bee averse to, for I am confident it never did any body any Hurt, and the Physicians have a better Opinion of it from their Experience than they had formerly, and give it for many Things. My Lord Galloway told me himself that he took it all the Year round steept in Wine, and thought it the best Bitter in the World for the Stomach. The 30 Letters of the sect. n. other part of your Leter the Duke of Marlborough should answer; but since you have address'd it to me, I will take this Opertunity of commending my- self (at the same Time that I return his humble Services and Thanks) in saying that I am sure that Nobody ever took so much Care of his Concerns as you doe, except your humble Servant, and now I will tell you what I know of these Matters. There is a very good new Hous upon the late Purchase of Parke Berry : whether that is sufficient to serve both Farmes, if a Tenant can bee had to take the Whole, I can't judge, but I believe the old Hous does not require so much to bee don to it as you have been told. For the Repairs that are wanting at Ustwick, I never saw that Estate, and I am apt to think, by what I did observe, that the Person that sold it would lay out as little upon it as was possible. For Sandridge, I doe know that the Duke of Marl- borough did lay out near fifteen hundred Pounds in repairing the Farmes upon that Estate, and you may bee sure hee was told it was doing it once for all, and that the Leases should oblige them to leave them as they found them. And you will observe in the Accounts of Coxes that there has been Bills payd (which I put a stop to for the Future) without any Body's Order, for Repairs ; and one Thing more you will take for granted, that the Gardiner, Middle- ton, will always bee ready to lay out Mony upon that Account, and much more Mr. Carter, tho I think him a good honest Man, but tis impossible for one that has nothing to live by but repairing of SECT. II. Duchess of Marlborough. 31 Hous's to bee against the Duke of Marlborough's laying out Mony upon that Head, so that I am glad you begin to talk of going to .5"/. Albans, that you may see your self what is reasonable to bee don, and for your Reward I hope the Change of Air will doe you Good in your Health ; but when you conclude I hope you will make a Contract and tye them fast ; for whatever their Estimates are, they will exceed so very much, and that I know by woeful Experience. I have formerly given you the Character of Coxe, so I need not prepear you to take Care of him ; but this I will say, that hee will never come to any Conclusion that is honest or tolerably reasonable unlesse hee is frightned. I answerd yours concerning Mr. Auberrys affair as soon as I. received it, which was, very naturall when one is so sensible as I am of the Friendship you shew upon all Occasions to your most faithful! and most humble Servant, S. Marlborough. No. 4. To Mr. yennens. frankford, the 14th of May, 1713, O. S. I received the Favour of yours of the loth of Aprill since I came to this Place. I did not make Hast to thank you for it because there required no perticular Directions in Affairs that you and Mr. Guydott understand so well, and are so good and kind as to take Care of ; but I want more than ever to hear from you, becaus you complaind so much of your being ill in your last Leter. I am come just 32 Letters of the sect. n. now from a Window from which I saw a great many Troops pass that were under the Command of P. Eugene. They paid all the Respects as they went by to the D. of Marl, as if hee had been in his old Post. The Men lookd very well, and had buck™ and french Peices on, which they march with, I suppose, to use them so that it may be more easy in the Day of Battle. They had all green Bows in their Hatts, which is their Mark of Warr ; and the french they say have white Paper, on which they have write their own Condi- tions. Truly, after being beaten for ten Yeares, to see so many brave Men marching was a very fine Sight, but it gave me melancholly Reflections, and made me weep ; but at the same Time I was so much animated that I wishd I had been a Man that I might have ventured my Life a thousand Times in the glorious Cause of Liberty, the Loss of which will be seen and lamented too late for any Remedy ; and upon this Occasion I must borrow a Speech out of Cato : — ' May some chosen Curse, some hidden Thunder from the Shores of Heaven, red with uncommon Wrath, blast the Men that use their Grati- tude to their Country's Rtiin ; and to secure which bring in the Prince of W. and the Power o{ France, after turning out the Father, to preserve our Libertys and Religion. When I had write so far I was calld to receive the Honour of a Visit from the Elector of Miance. I fancy hee came to this Place chiefly to see the D. of Marl His shap is, like my own, a little of the fatest, but in my Life I never saw a Face that ex- SECT. ir. Duchess of Marlborough. 33 pressd so much Opennesse, Honesty, Sense, and good Nature. Hee made me a great many fine Speeches, which would not bee well in me to brag of; but I can't help repeating Part of his Compli- ment to the Duke of Marl., that he wishd any Prince of the Empier might bee severely punishd if ever they forgot his Merit ; and the Civillitj^s are so great that are paid him by all sorts of People, that one can't but reflect how much a greater Claim he had to all manner of good Usage from his own un- grateful Country. It would fill a Book to give you an Account of all the Honours don him as we came to this Place by the EUector of Sonnes, and in all the Towns, as if the D. of Marl, had been King of"' them, which in his Case is very valuable, because i't shews tis from their Hearts ; and if hee had been their King hee might have been like others a Tyrant. The Ellector of Miance told us that all the Ellectors and the King of Prussia had taken their Resolutions to assist the Emperor as much as was in their Power in this just Warr ; and surely he must have been most barbarously used to goe on with it when England and those that they have forced have left his Alliance. There is an Account promis'd in French of his Reasons for going on with the Warr, and of all the Proceedings of our Ministers, which are very scandalous. The News Leters say here, that they have taken Care in England that they shall not bee made publick. Does not that smell rank ? The Facts are not to bee told. I write in a great Hurry, but I must say one Word D 34 Letters of the sect. h. respecting the Wood in Sandridge. I believe the Duke of Marl, will like whatever you and Mr. Gity- dott doe in that or Anything else, but I advise that great Care should be taken that non is cutt but what is orderd, which is the great Danger in those Matters. My Service to dear Mrs. Jennens. Pray write no more to me with Ceremony. No. S. To Mr. yennens. May the i6th, N. S., Wednesday. I write to you last Post, and since that I have the Favour of two Letters to thank you for, which I doe from my Heart, and will trouble you with no more Compliments ; but one Thing I must say which perhaps you may think odd to come from me, that you are certainly the best Friend in the World ex- cept myself, for I am sure that I could go all over the World to serve one I professed a F"riendship for, or that obliged me half so much as you have don, and I think you have don Meracles in my Affairs, for before I had your Account, when you said you had more than a thousand Pounds of mine, I thought you designd to present a poor Pilgirham. The best Friends that ever I had in my Life were poor Lord Go. and Mr. Gtiy., both happy themselves to be out of this bad World, but for ever lost to me, which I can't pass without drooping some teares. The first of these Men managed the chief Part of my Mony ; and I had great Trading in Stocks and Company, but I never , sold Anything in my Life without SECT. II. Duchess of Marlborough. 35 loosing by it till this Time that you have been so kind to manage for me, and I have at present Tallys for severall thousand Pounds that were once in Lord Godolphins Name, and now in his Son's, that are upon Funds that are deficient, which is no great Matter considering how near I think wee are to a Spring. I believe you have heard that the Fortune which that good Man had when hee dyed was about fourteen thousand Pounds in Tallys, besides the Godolphin old Estate under some Engagements, and something more than seven thousand Pounds of those Tallys were mine. The greatest Part of the Rest belonged to other People, by which you will see playnly what you believed before, how honest a Man he was that had been so many Yeares, in three Reigns, in the Treasury; and indeed he might truely be compared to Aristides for his Honesty and Care of the public Good ; and after -giving his whole Time to that Service you have seen how he was used, and^ the Sorcerer who has ruin'd the Nation, and com- mitted all manner of Cheates and Abuses, has been extolled above all Men living, which has often made ^ me think that if it were not for the Satisfaction of one's own Mind, as far as it concerns this World it is much better to be wicked than good. You judge very right in the Character you give of the Person you were so kind as to invite to your Hous, for hee is truely honest, and modest to that Degree that I am ready to fall out with him for the same, for 'tis unnecessary to have any Ceremony with People one lives so much with, and he is really what a Man D 3 36 Letters of the sect. u. should bee as to Religion, perfectly good and just in all Things, without imposing Superstition and Non- sense, which can bee of use only to Hypocrits or Fools ; but I feare there will allways bee a vast Majority of such as long as the World endures, I am not uneasy as you think upon Account of the Time that is so heavy as you imagine me, which you may the easyer believe because I us'd to run from the Court and shut myself up six Weeks in one of my country Hous's quit alone, which makes me now remember Mr. Cowley, who says 'tis very fan- tastical and contradictory in human Nature that People are generally thought to love themselves better than all the Rest of the World, and yet never can indure to bee with themselves ; and hee adds that it allways shocked him to hear one say that they did not know how to spend their Time, which would have been very unlucky and ill spoken by Methusalim ; but tho' I have quoted what suited my part very well in that Author, and that I love Soli- tude more than ever, I would not have you think that I don't wish earnestly to see my Friends, and to be in a clean sweet Hous and Garden, tho' ever so small, for here there is Nothing of that kind, and in the Gardens, tho' the Heges are green and pretty, the Sand that goes over one's Shoes is so disagree- able that I love to walk in the Road and Fields better, where the D, of Marl, and I go constantly every Day in the Afternoon, and stop the Coach and go out wherever wee see a Place that looks hard and clean. 'Tother Day we were walking SECT. II. Duchess of Marlborough. 37 upon the Road, and a Gentleman and his Lady went by us in their Chariot who wee had never seen be- fore, and after passing us with the usual Civilitys, in half a quarter of an Hour or less they bethought themselves and turnd back, came out of their Coach to us, and desired that wee would go into their Garden, which was very near that Place, and which they think, I believe, a fine Thing, desiring us to accept of a Key. This is only a little Tast of the Civlllity of People abroad, and I could not help think- ing that wee might have walk'd in England as far as our Feet would have carryd us before Anybody that we had never seen before would have light out of their Coach to have entertaind us. I have had anv Account of Lord Nottingham s Speech in the Hous of Lords, with the Story of the Treasurer to Harry the 6th. The Aplication of it was delightfull, and ' I am confydent I should have been the greatest Hero that ever was known in the Parliament Hous if I had been so happy as to have been a Man ; but as to the Feild, I can't brag much of that sort of Courage, but I am sure no Mony, Tittles, nor Ribons should have prevaild with me to have be- trayd my Country or to have flatterd the Villians that hav don it. I am charmd with my Lord Nottingham, ; I believe there lives not a more worthy Man, and I hate myself when I reflect how much I was once im- posd upon in thinking otherwise of him, which was ' certainly without any reason ; and I am so much con- vincd of that Error that, as I said before, if I were that happy Creature Man, I would never differ from him 38 , Letters of the sect. n. in one Vote as long as I lived. This long Letter upon Nothing will make you think that tis no Wonder my Time does not lye upon my Hands, since I can employ it so idly, but that is no Argument for my troubling you so much, for which I ask your Pardon. No. 6. To Mr. jfennens. March 12th, O. S., Aix-la-Chapdle. I did not receive the favour of yours of the 20th Feb. till Tuesday, and I was told it had been sent first to Frankford, by what Mistake I don't know. I have so many obligations to you upon the Duke of MarlborougK s Account, as well as upon my own, that it would be an endless Thing to enter upon that Subject, and my Letter is likely to be so long upon an other Account that I shall only beg of you to imagin all that a gratefull Person is capable of in wishing to return so much Goodnesse, and believe that is in my Heart, tho I can't expresse as I would, As to Mr. Aiibery's Affair I desire you would bee pleased to make an End of it in whatever Manner you think fit, but to take the ■ Trouble of reading what follows, which is to vindicate myself as much as for your Information, and particularly in what relates to the Date of the Bill, which is of so long standing that it certainly intittles him with justice to have raised his Prices if it had been my Fault: therefore I desire you will send to Mr. Hodges and ask him before Mr. A^iberys Face if I had not sent him severall Times to the late Mr. Atibeiy as well as SECT. 11. Duchess of Marlborough. 39 to his Son for my Bill, which I never could obtain till after my last Charrlote was made, which was some Time after I was in Marlborozigk Hotis, and it being very extravagant in all Respects, and different from his own Estimates, and some Things charged which I thought I had paid, the Proofs of which I could not presently find, I only ordered him Two Hundred Pounds upon Account till I could look for all the Papers that were necessary to shew him in order to the Abatement of his Bill, which, tho the Date is old, if you observe there is Nothing of any great Value when the Deduction is made of what hee either charged twice, or should not have put to my Account. The first Thing being a little ordinary Chaise with one Horse, I finding all the Inside and Frames, and yet hee had no more Conscience than to charge it at 30 Pounds. The next Article worth mentioning was a very plain travelling Coach that was to bee of the same Dimentions of One his Father had made for Fifty Pounds, and for which I have his Father's Acquit- tance, and according to what other People pays I had no great Bargain, since the Painting inside and Glasses must make that come up to more than four score Pounds, and Mr. Boscawen said his Coach that we used to Z^i^&^r was but Sixty the whole Charge of it : this is enough to know how ill he would use me ; but he can urge Nothing against his own Estimate and his Fathers Acquitances, which I thought he had seen, because I remember very well that hee sent me his Reasons in Writing how 40 Letters of the sect. ir. he came to make that Mistake in a double Charge that hee found his Father's Accounts in great Dis- order. This Paper I have under his own Hand, I suppose, that is, it came from him ; but he seems he has found a way to make it all appear right in his Books now. I can't be positive how long 'tis since the Panniling of my Coach was made, lined with Green, which is the first Article of his Bill of any great Consequence, and that Coach being now in Use, I am pretty sure it can't be more than Four or Five Yeares old at most, so that what were before in that very old Date is for Repairs, as hee calls them, of one poor Coach that his Father made new, and that was very seldome used for some Yeares, for Part of the Time when the Duke of Marlborough was Abroad I had no Horses, using a Chair in Town, and the Qtieens Coaches upon most Journeys ; and when I was a Summer or two in Oxfordshire hee knows I had only a Dutch Berlin that was quite new, and that hee never saw till lately that I sent in to have another sort of a Carriage with high Wheels. .No. 7. To Mr. Jennens. ^.% frankford, the 17th aijune, O. S. I have receivd the Favour of yours of the 1 2th of May upon the first of this Month, and I hope you have recoverd all your Illnesse, tho you mention nothing of it, and I wishd to have read in the first line that you were very well. I did acknowledge that from St, Aldan's, which I don't doubt but you SECT. II. Duckess of Marlborough. 41 have received before now, and the Duke of Marl. had one from Mr. Guydott as hee was going to Mendleham, dated the nth of May. I desire that you will let Mr. La Guerre have what Mony you think he deserves ; but I doubt hee has painted very little, since hee left it Five Weekes. I am very desirous of having it finishd, tho the giving all the Trade and Power to France does not look as though I should ever enjoy it. However, I have this Satisfaction wherever I am, that tho a Woman I did all I could to prevent the Mischiefs that are coming upon my Country, and having nothing to reproach myself with, nor nothing in my Power that can doe any good, I am as quiet and contented as any Phylosopher ever was, but, at the same time, if I were a Man I should struggle to the last Moment in the glorious Cause of Liberty ; for if one succeeds tis a great deal of Pleasure, and if one fails, tho one looses one's Life, in that Case one is a Gainer, and when one considers seriously tis no matter how or when one dyes, provided one lives as one ought to doe. I am contented to hear of my St. Albans Affairs, because it gives me the satisfaction of your Leters ; but otherwise you might spare that Trouble to yourself, and say only you had orderd what was right ; for the Lady that you waited upon for the Mony I would not be uneasy to her, and if you desire her only to take her own Time in sending to- you, I believe it will be enough. I hear, •; tho I am at this Distance, that a thousand Lyes are set about of me, but it gives me no manner of 42 Letters of the sect. n. Disturbance. Nay, the Exammer, when I happen to see it, does not in the least afflict me, for I fancy whoever can take such Papers would write them if they could, and therefore he does not add to one's Enemys, and I was really pleasd to see such a Man who write the ' Tale of a Tub ' made a Dean just after the pious Recommendation. No. 8. To Mr. Jcnnens. Oct. the 27th, O. S., Antwerp. I received Yesterday the Favour of yours of the 13th of this Month, which was fuller of the Spleen than ever I am, tho I am uncertain whether I shall ever see my own Country again ; and Nothing can bee imagind more disagreeable than for one to live abroad that speaks nothing but English. But you know at Pickitt you have wone a Gaim when those you playd with were 47 to non, and I think Nobody that can do any Good should dispair so much as to throw it up before it is quit lost, since Nothing can bee worse than that. At the same Time it must bee allowd that wee are in a very sad Con- dition, considering the Power that is given to the King of France, the Ignorance and the Corruption that is now in England ; and yet sometimes I can't help having some small Hope that Men with solid. Fortunes will not submit tamely to bee given up to France ; and if that should happen, surdy there is yet Strength enough in England to save the intire Ruin of it, tho Ages can't recover the Mischeifs that SECT. II. Duchess of Marlborough, 43 our present Government have don. You seem to desire my poor Opinion not only in my own smal Affairs, but in yours as to the disposing of Mony, which makes me ready to laugh ; but if you would really have me speake, I can't think that you are more obnoxious then any other Person in the King- dom. I wish all were in the same Condition, for tis not necessary for you or I to make use of all wee have, and for my own Part I should be very well contented to live out my short Span of Life in any of my country Hous's. This is a World that is sub- ject to frequent Revolutions, and tho one wish's to leave one's Posterity secure, there is so few that makes a suitable Return that even upon that Account, which is the greatest Concern, one need not bee un- happy for Anything that is not in one's Power to help. I am of your Opinion as to Bank Bills and all publick Funds, though at this Time I hear they don't fall ; but they will sink all at once, I suppose, when there will bee no Buyers. However, I know Nothing that is better, for I have seen Nothing abroad that does not look so poor, that I can't fancy Securitys here, where one knows, nor understands, Nobody ; and if England won't open their Eyes and struggle before 'tis too late, the King of France will bee in Time Master of the World. But perhaps I may dye before all the Misery comes that 'tis so reasonable to apprehend, which will put an End to all my Concern. I would fain have had the Duke of Marlborough's Directions in answering that Part of your Letter that relates to him ; but all that I 44 Letters of the sect. h. can get him to say is, that he leaves all to you ; that hee thinks Nobody can desire to sell an Estate but according to the Rent it will make yearly, and that the Way you took concerning Mr. Tracker -vi^iS right. That 23 Yeares' Purchase was high, but that must bee according to the Markett Price. Mr. Reeves is a Man of so ill a Reputation that I can't think his Interest was Anything in Woodstock till hee made himself usefull to some by the Service hee was in ; and before another Ellection can come there 'tis probable that the Duke of Marlborough will have no Strugle in it, or that hee will give all Things of that Nature over. But since Mr. Reeves has been sufferd to cheat so long, it will bee noe great Addi- tion to his Abuses if you let him alone till you see the Effect of the Petition against Mr. Cadogan. I suppose one of the first Things that will bee endea- voured will bee to turn out all the Members that will not blindly vote whatever they are orderd against the Interest of their Country ; and if Torys that have Estates and are not for the P. of W. will not lay aside Party so far as to assist those that would help them in saving the Nation and all that is now left valuable in the Country, it is Time indeed to despond and throw up the Cards, which I was so much against at the Beginning of this Leter ; and I hope the Case is not so desperat as to bee past Recovery, if People that have Sense, and Fortunes, would but consider what is truely their own Interest. I will write to Hodges to goe to Mr. Elliott, for I think hee is honest, and above getting SECT. II. Duchess of Marlborough. 45 such a Summ as is demanded from his Nephew ; and hee having given me the Acquitance in full, and assuring me that I owd Nothing at that Shop, I think 'tis his Businesse to sett that Matter right. I don't know what to say to the Debt at Woodstock but that I never knew that I had any, it being my Manner allways to pay Hodges whatever he layd out. I have Bills for every Journey that ever the Duke of Marl, or I made to that place from Hodges, and for all those Sort of Things one can have from a Grocer's Shop. I am sorry you complain of Want of Health, which I fear London will not mend ; but when I read further, where you desire me not to think of putting more of my Concerns into your Hands, I could not bee sure that you were not quite weary of them, tho' there is a great many very kind Expressions mixd in your Later. All I can say to that is that I am sure I had much rather suffer as wee have don in our Fortunes for Want of a right Management than give you an unreasonable Trouble of any Kind ; much less would I prejudice your Health ; but for putting Anything I don't use into any other Hands, I must beg your Pardon, for if you won't take Care of it for me it shall ly dead in Mr. Edwards s Hands, who never did Anything for me like improving, but receivd my Mony and keept it till I drew Bills upon him ; and I have lately sent for near four hundred Pounds, part of which was to get a Jewell I had lost, and to recompense an inno- cent Servant that had been put into Prison about it, and that was so inocent that it gave me a 46 Letters of the sect. h. great deal of Trouble when I saw hee had been wronged. The Description of Newmarkeii is as melancholly as those I give of my Travells, when such a Man as you mention is the chief Support of that Place, who was a Begar many Yeares agoe. I think it ridiculous to write News to you, and yet I believe you can't know anything concerning Dun- kirk so true as I do, having lately seen a very honest and sensible Man that was there. Hee says that there is some Show of demolishing it, and the Men have worked three Weeks, but now fall sick, and it does not advance much ; and 'tis a good While since Orders came from the King to fit out his Ships to Sea and evacuate; but the 31 October, New Style, there were no Kind of Preparations for it, and really I think it were doing the Ministers great Wrong to believe they design to destroy that Place effectually, after so many Tricks as they had to avoid it, which if it is ever don must proceed from Necessity, and the King of France fearing to loose some of his Friends in England before he has compassed all he desires. Tho', let it happen as it will, I believe Nobody will say that his Majesty has not had a very good Bargain, since 'tis certain that our Treaty with Spain is not yet signed, which I have allways heard was the chief Cause of the War. You make Excuses for a long Leter, but what should I say for all this Wisdome who know so very little and can doe less ? Pray give my most sincere Service to your Wife. SECT. II. Duchess of Marlborough. 47 No. 9. To Mr. Jennens. July tlie 20th, N. S., Antwerp. Between Businesse and taking leave of the People of this Country I have but just Time to thank you for the Favour of your last, I don't know of what Date, and am so hurryd I can't look ; but you said you were allready weary of the Penn, but so kind as to -think of writing me, which is a Trouble I would prevent this terryble hott Weather ; and I hope you will rather keep yourself quiet in good Air, that you may have Health to come to me at St. Aldan's, where wee intend to go in a very few Days after wee come to London. Friday next wee sett out from this Place, which will bee the i6th Ov.''^ ,-7 English Style ; and we design to be at Ostend in two . ,? h ' Days, and to embarke for Dover the first fair Wind. "'J,. ■ ' I am faithfully just as I ought to bee, and a sincere Friend to dear Mrs. Jennings. No. 10. Memorandtim. Whereas I have desird and directed Rachel Lady Rtcssell to pay the Interest of ten thousand Pounds to Robert Jennons, Esq., and also the Tenants of a lease- hold Estate at Aguy, in the County of Kent, to pay him their Rents as they become due : I hereby direct that the said Robert Jennons shall and do dispose thereof as the sam shall be paid to him, or as 48 Letters of the sect, n. Opportunity shall offer, for my Cost in purchasing Bank Stock or any other Stock or Government Securi- ties or otherwise, and in such Manner as he shall think fit ; and do agree that if any Loss or Damage shall happen in the Disposition thereof, that the same shall not be born by him, the said Robert Jennons, but by me, my Executors, Administrators, or Assigns, and that the said Robert Jennons shall be indemnifyd for whatsoever he shall do of or in Relation to the Premisses. Witness my Hand this, twenty-sixth Day of Jamiary, one thousand seven hundred and twelve. S. Marlborough. No. II. To Mr. yennens. Pray doe me the Favour to send to M. la Guerre, a Frenchman who is now painting the Hall at Marl- borough Hous, and let him give Mr. Guydott an Acquittance for fifty Pounds upon Account of the Work, which hee will be pleased to charge to the Duke of Marlborough. I have not observed that any of my Leters have been opend. However, I think tis better when they take that Fancy that they should be put to the Trouble of guessing from whom it comes than to put your Name. SECT. II. Duchess of Marlborough. 49 No. 12. To Mr. Jennens. feb. the 2ist, O. S. Tho I have non. of your Letters to answer, nor nothing of any Consequence to say, I hope you wont think me troublesome that I put you in mind of me, having so good an Opertunity of writing to you. We have had no News since the 9th of this Month from England, and I am very impatient to hear how Her Majesty boar the Journey to London, for upon that I think all our Happynesse dependsi Those small Hopes I had of your Knight are now vanishd, since I hear hee says the Ministers dont design the P. of W., and that there is no manner of Danger of him. My Lord Straford speakes the same Language at the Hague, and swears to it upon his Honour, which hee often did to make People easy in this most advantageous Peace, and the great Care the Q" would take of all her Allies. Mr, Bromley to I hear has sent his Son to the Ellector of Hanover, and Cousin though he bee no doubt carrys all the Assurances imaginable from S"" Roger, who is so honest a Man that it must have some Effect upon the El., who never read the History of Monk, and really I think it is not easy to believe there is such a Man in the World as S"" Roger till one has paid for it by one's dear bought Experience. All these Reflections put me into a deepe Melan- cholly, for I am thoroughly convinced that if S' Roger can by his Witchcraft and the Majick of his Wand deceive and quiet these honest Torrys that would E 50 Letters of the SECT. II, not ruin their Country, they will never have another Opertunity of saving it after this Session of Parlia- ment ; but you say it will be Happynesse when wee are out of the worst Condition in the World, which you think is Uncertainty. Dray den I know is of that Mind, and says tis better once to dye than all ways fear. But that is against Mr. Cowley, who says, — Hope, of all ills that men endure, The only cheap and universal cure. And I own I begin now to bee in great Appre- hension of Misfortunes that can't end but with my Life. I am sorry to hear the Soldiers are sent for from Ghent, because I am confydent it is only to disperse them if they can't break em, that they may bee said to bee out of the Way of doing any Good in Case of an Accident. Prince Eii. is returning to Rastad, which I conclude will end in a Peace and give the King of France more Liberty to serve the P. of W. ; tho in one Part it will expose our Ministers Conditions which they made for the Emperor the Q"''- dear Allie, when she had all the Power in her own Hands, for there is no doubt but the King oi France svihxmXs, to grant your Conditions to the Emperor, or P. E. would not goe back. I take this safe Opertunity to desire that you will tell Mr. Gttydott, with my humble Service, that hee should pay the Five Hundred Pounds a Year to you that is in his Name, which hitherto he has let Mr. Edwards receive, and with the Rest of my Mony you will bee so good as take Care of it. When SECT. II. Duckess 0/ Msirlhowugh. 51 you write by the Post I think it would not be amisse if you made use of this Cypher only to avoid Names. For my own Part I dont care what the Ministers know of me, since they cant hang me while I am on this side the Watter, and I seldom direct a Leter by the Post that has anything in it, so that if they open them they cant be sure who they are to ; but tis not impossible but they may know your Hand, and sometimes I think you are a little too free with them. You see by this how much easyer it is to give Advice than to take it, and I suppose will laugh at my Wisdome. My most humble Service to your dear Wife, and pray let me know if there is any thing in these Countrys that I can serve her in ; Netnet and Lace and Table Linnen, and Holland, I believe, is much cheaper here than in England, and if she will employ mee, pray asure her that I will take as much Care to serve her well as I did the Q^leen, who I had the Honour to save a Hundred Thousand Pound in nine Year, which I can prove to any Body. I am told that there is about Fifteen Mile from this Place Guilt Leather that is very good, and not above Half a Crown the dutch ell square. I have not yet seen it ; but if either Mrs. Jennings or you like any thing in this Part of the World, no body on Earth, I am sure, has a better Heart to serve you, and if you could think it a trouble pray remember that you have paid me before hand for more Service than I fear I shall ever have it in my power to doe you so long as I live, notwithstanding all my good will. I E3 52 Letters of the SECT. ir. generally write a Leter to you after I have taken leave, and yet I have allways more to say. CYPHER. queen I Elector of H. • 14 lord treas. 2 Mr. Jennings • IS Ministry . 3 Du. of Marl. . 16 hous. of Lords 4 Sa. Marl. . 17 hous. of Com"s- S Lj Sunder. . 18 Citty of London 6 Ld. Anglesey ■ 19 Sr- The. Han. . 7 Torrys . . 20 Mr. Bromly 8 Whiggs . . 21 mony 9 Mr. Cadogan . 22 sickness . lO Craggs the father . 23 death II Ld- Nottingham . 24 King of franca 12 Scotch lords • 25 P. ofW. . 13 No 13- J To Mr. yennens. Feb. the 14th, O. S. I give you many Thanks for your very chearfull Leter of the 1 2th of this Month, tho I must own I cant see much Reason for it. The best Thing I have heard is that those Men who have been so bold in betraying this Country have been much frightnd of late, but I have heard that some of them were never counted very valiant, and tis the Nature of Cowards, I believe, never to think they have Security enough when the least Danger appeares ; but if Men of Fortunes in the Citty, and Pari., and Country would all arise to save their common Libertys, I do believe it might yet be don, tho by all the Missagess to France and the Accounts one has from thence, it will not bee long in their Power. But I am intirely of your Mind that wee shall soon SECT. II. Dtichess of Marlborough. 53 bee out of the Pain of Uncertainty. I wish I could as easyly believe that I shall bee contented when I have lost all, and am forced to live the rest of my Life in these durty Countrys. I am now in some Doubt whether my Phylosophy will goe so far as that, tho it has been sufficient to support me against all that the worst of Men or Wemen have don, and tho I know one shall bear whatever one can't help, I pray most heartily that I may not be tryd any further, for tis quite another Thing to hear that one is never to see England nor one's Children again, at which Time they will not bee in a very good Condition, then it is to leave a disagreeable Court when one knows one has not deserved ill Treat- ment, and only to make a Sort of a Pilgrimage for a little while, hoping to see Justice don upon some of one's Enemys. I am told Sir 6". H. will'^ bee the Speaker, and I hope it is not impossible that hee may do well, if he can think it for his Interest to bee for the Protestant Succession rather than for the P. of W., for he has never yet acted upon any good Principle I am sure ; but whoever will help to save us from France I will forgive their other Faults. I was this day piit at Ease for poor Lord R., and I wish with all my Soul that your Son may quite escape that terrible Desease, or that it rhay pass as well over. I will answer the Businesse of your Leter by the Post, being in a mighty Hurry now; but I had a great Mind' to tell you by this safe Hand that I am ever most faithfully yours, and the dear Lady's that has promisd me one of her Cotages. 54 Letters of the sect. n. No. 14.. To Mr. Jennens. Jan. 25th, O. S. I have write to you so often and so much since I had any of yours, that I should have Nothing to say but Repetition of Thanks for all your Goodnesse to me. But Lord G. having proposed to the D. of M. the lending a great Summ to the D. of B., which I believe had been don if it had not been for the difficulty that Mr. J. made in lending under six per Cent, I can't resist writing my Thoughts upon this Matter, and giving you my Reasons why I would not have to do with those two Dukes in Mony Matters ; and you will be pleased to acquaint Mr. Jen. with what you think proper out of this Leter ; and I will begin it with telling you that I know a cer- tain Person who at the Revolution clear'd a Mort- gage upon his Estate to a Man that had lent it in King y antes s Time, and was forfeited in King Wil' Hams. It was a Man of near as great Quality as his Grace of ^., and before that Action had a much better Character ; and I can't help thinking that if another Revolution happens, of which wee are in such manifest Danger, that the D. of B., who will have some Pretensions of Merit, is as likely to make himself easy in his Debt to the D. of Marl, as most Men that I know. I have stated what I think is likely to happen if the P. of W. is put upon the Throne, and if h^e is not I can't see that such a Man as the D, of ^. is likely to be more easy in his SECT. II. Duchess of Marlborough. 55 Fortune, which will make it so troublesome to get the Interest ; and you know some People don't care to have to do with Peers, who have great Privileges to defend themselves against the Law, which they seldom fail of making use of, when they have no Honour, or when they are so simple as not to know what a Principle is ; and as for his Grace of G., who is to be concerned for a small Part of the Interest, I beg leave to tell you upon this Occasion what I know of him, by which you may judg whether it bee reasonable to go out of the common Way to oblige him. When this present Queen came first to the Cfvwn the late Lord Sunderland, who had don her many Services in a very hansome Manner in King Williams Time, came to mee and desird that I would ask her when Q!: Dowager dyd to give him two Lives in a Forrest in Northamptonshire which was very convenient to his Family, because it gave him Oppertunitys of obliging his Neighbours there. Her most gracious Majesty, with all the Pleasure in the World, granted this Request, and acknowledged very readyly that hee had deservd a great deal more from her. My Lord Sun. dyed before the Queen Dowager, but when that happend I carryd the Paper to the Qt of what she had promisd him, upon which she said it should bee made good to this Lord Stmderland and to his Son ; but before the Patent was passed my Lord Featherston and the present Duke of Grafton both pretended to have a Right to the same Thing, one from his dead Mis- tresse, the other from King Charles, upon which her 56 Letters of the sect. h. good Majesty orderd that their Cases should be given to the Attorney-Generall, who was then Sf C. Northey, and that hee should give his Opinion whether either of these Lords had any Right to the Forrest. S' C. Northey (who has shewn himself no Friend to that Ministry or to my Family) said that they had neither of them the least Pretention ; that the Q": had full Right to give it to whom she pleased ; that their Pretentions were rediculous ; and the D. of G. in one Part absurd, for hee had Something in that Country from the Crown, which made him more improper to have the Forrest than any other Man, because in having that hee would bee a Check upon himself. I believe by this Time you are satis- fyd that the Q": had a Right to dispose of this Thing, and if she could give it to any Body, she might justly perform her Promise to my Lord Sim. I was then her great Favourite, and did the Drudgary of the Place. The Duke of G. nor his Family deserved no more then any other of the Nobillity from the Q"-. ; and for myself I never had the least Obligation to him or to any of his Relations. However, I con- sented to deferr the Passing of this Grant, so very convenient to my Family, till Something happend that might be rather more pleasing to the Duke of Grafton, and when I had obtaind that from his Grace the Forrest was to bee given to Lord Sun., and my Grandson after him; but before this was compassed the Sorcerer got Possession of the Crown, and the D. of Graf, had so litrie Regard to Honour ur to what I had don (who could have securd this SECT. II. Duchess of Marlborough. 57 Thing to my Family for so many Yeares together ■without the least Reproach), that hee made use of the Sorcerer to get this Forrest without any more Ceremony, and diverted himself, as I was told, how much he had disappointed me and my Grandchildren, This is all Matter of Fact, and the material Part of it any Body may know the Truth of from Sir C. Northey. I would not have you think from this Account that I am angry with the D. of G., for I have met with so much ill-Usage, and have seen so much of the Worthlessnesse of the GeneraHty of the World, that I have very little Resentment against any Body ; but I must, confess I am not yet so good a Christian as to love my Enemys, or to desire to serve such Sort of People at my Lord MarlborougK s or my own Expense. And if you please you may read this Leter to any of the Trustees. Two of them I have told my poor Opinion of this Matter to allready. The last Post brought us the News of Sir George Byng's being put out, which can bee for no Reason but that hee pre- vented the P. of W. landing in Scotland, and Sf Wiskarfs Squadron being augmented (who is a professed Jacobite) shows that the Ministers will not be frighted again as they were lately in case wee should bee so unfortunate as to loose so good and wise a Woman as the Q":, whose Answer to the Irish Hous of Commons I conclude is not so much for the Sake of the Chancellor there as to warn the English Parliament that they must not presume to find Fault with any of the Proceedings of the 58 Letters of the sect. h. Ministers In England. But how miserable must that Nation bee that Sf J. Hanniere Is the Hope of, which I hear hee Is stiled, and that hee said himself that he deserved from his Country, when all that I can remember of his Merit Is that hee has sup- ported the Sorcerer to break the best Alliances that ever were made, and had the most glorious End, and his last great Action was In making a fine Speech in favour of the Trade, and the next Day managd an Address to the Q' quite contrary to what he had proposed ! No. 15. To Mr. Jennens. Jan. the 22d. I have thankd you for the Favour of yours of the 31st De. some Time since, which was the last I received from you ; and since that I find by my Accounts sent from England that I have about four hundred Pounds to dispose of, which I have a Mind to keep a little While, to see if it will not bee of use to me hear, for I really think our Prospect is very deplorable ; for let the Sorcerers give out what they will of Mrs. Morley's good Health, It is next to im- possible that one with such a Complication of Dis- eases can continue long ; and by the Accounts I have from England they are putting the Fleet and all the Power into the French Hands. At the same Time I am now satlsfyd that the Sorcerer has made Propositions to the Q. of H. ; but that Is only a Copy after Monk, whose Character is a very 111 one if rightly represented in a little Book I have lately SECT. II. Duchess of Marlborough. 59 read ; but perhaps the Author, to' make the Com- parison the greater between him and S.' Roger, may have been too hard upon Monk, but I am sure no Pen can express the Villany that the later is capable of, who is all Things to ah Men, still with a Design to ruin them ; who has broke the best Allyances that ever were made, and for so glorious an End, and is now endeavouring to ruin the Laws, Liberty, and Religion of his native Country, after which I think hee may pretend to bee sole Minister of State to the Devil. I am ever most faithfully yours and your dear Wive's. This Leter comes by a save Hand inclosd to my Hous Keeper. No. 16. To Mr. Jennens. Jan. the 14th, O. S. I have received the Favour of yours of the 31st of De., in which you acknowledge one from me of the 5th of the same Month. I think I write one since, but I write so much that I really can't re- I member my own Dates, but I allways acknowledge yours and then burn your Letters. I believe the Way I have sent my Letters to you has come safe ; but I will keep this a Day or two by me to send by a Gentleman that is going to England, since I have Nothing to write that requires Hast. As long as Mr. C.'s Cause depends on the P., 'tis not good to disoblige Mr. R., or anybody in those Parts ; but when that is over any way, I believe there wants some good Method to be taken in 6o Letters of the SECT. II. that small Affair, and I am sure nobody living will do it better than yourself, nor with more Kind- nesse to the D. of M. I think in my last Letter I said that Mr. Cadogan would never make use of the Lodg in Woodstock Park, and that the D. of Marl. did not intend to keep any thing up there for the use of any Gentleman. The Keepers, to bee sure, are in a Strang way, but I fear Mr. Rivers being put over them will bee only making him a sort of a Tyrant, and they will all agree in helping one another to cheat. I have heard quit contrary (and ffom a very good Hand) from what you hint concerning a young Gentleman's being a Protestant ; but 'tis certain that my Lord Myddleton has left him, and is gon to the Q", his Mother ; and a Strang Creature that is called a Protestant, Mr. Higgons, whos Sister you have seen in England, is made Secretary to the P. of W., which, to bee sure, is some good Advice from England to shew what a Love he has to Protestants, tho he would loose three Crowns rather than be One himself; but this is so very simple that I can't think hee can doe much Hurt. I wish we had not other Things to fear, and that which I dread most of all is the Power of France, which by our villanous Ministry is sett up so high, and the Treaty is not yet signd with either the English or Dutch between them and Spain, but in such a Manner as signifys Nothing, which I suppose Is the Reason that one heares no Mention of it from England, The two DzUch Ambassadors came to see the Duke of Marl, in their way to Paris, and my SECT. II. Duckess 0/ MsLvlhorough. 61 Lord £ssex being a Boy and very well acquainted with one of them, Mons''. Btiys, made all the Com- pany laugh very much by asking him first if their Treaty was signed with Spain ; to which hee answered (out of conscience), ' No ! ' ' Then,' replyd Lord E., 'you have given France all, and you still depend upon them. I wish to God your Son and I had made this Peace, which I am sure wee should have managd better ; ' and severall Things passd that made every Body merry, tho I think tis no laughing Matter. If I guesse right you mean in having more Games in View than one. I must take leave to differ with you, for I am sure there is Nothing intended by any in the Ministry but bringing in the P. of W. at any rate ; and tho Sir Roger has deceivd many as to that Design, it has been plain to me for many Yeares : first of all, when the Q. was Princesse I heard a Man that , was a great Friend to S"" Roger say by Chance without .the least Design that hee valud Himself upon his Father's having had a great Hand in the bringing in of King Charles. Then I observd when hee was very much relyd upon by poor Lord Godolphin hee perpetually prevaild with him to put Men into Employments, and do Kindnesses for Men that were known Friends to the Interest of King James, for which L*^ Go. had many Enemys. The other, like Monk, all the while professing to bee of another Principle, and to my certain Knowledge, as soon as hee had Opertunitys of speaking to the Q., hee did 62 Letters of the SECT. II. all the ill Offices imaginable to the Hous of Han- nover. All these are very ill Symptoms in one that was to fix the Revolution Settlement, and I know a hundred Remarks that I made and put together which made it plain to me when nobody else would believe any perticular Design of S'^ Rogers but that hee was undoubtedly a tricking Knave. I entertaind myself Yesterday with a little Book called the Art of Restoring, which I conclude you have seen, where an Account of MonMs Proceed- ings is well exposd, and which I never saw be- fore. But I think my Lord Treasurer, who is there, S'^' Roger has copyd after him in most Things ; and I am confydent hee has no other Game in View then to follow his Example, and that may either increase or at least secure his Fortune. In reading this Account I found one Line of a Leter of Generall Monk's that S" Roger had exactly copyd in one to U Go. ; which Leter hee gave me to carry to the D. of Marl, when I went to the Sea Side to meet him, and I have it still. This I mention only to shew you that S' Roger was taken with Monlis Expressions, and, like poet Boys, made them his own. But in- one Thing he has been honester then Gen! Monk was to the Parliament, who took so many solemn and false Oaths ; for I could never find that hee has made any Professions to the Ellector of Han., and this must proceed from his thinking the other Game sure, since hee has never scrupled doing an ill Thing, nor stock at any Lye upon any other Occasion. But what hee has don SECT. II. Duchess of Marlborough. 63 concerning the Succession in the Hous of Hannover has been only to deceive the PubHck, and at the same Time hee had not thought it necessary to treat that Family with common Decency. My best Wishes attend dear Mrs. Jen. I don't name her when I write by the Post, because it may give a Light to shew who my Leters are to if they are opend at any Time. I think you are not so cearful as you might bee in such Matters, for in your last, perticularly by the Post, you spoke of your Cousen 6-"., which shews as plain who the Leter is write by as if your Name was at it. The Reason that my Leter that you mention was so long before it came to you, I believe, was because it was One that I sent to my Hous Keeper to carry as directed by Mr. Harney, who was long upon the Way. But I have write by the Post since, which I hope you received ; and I will never send you any Leter but that way, or, as this comes, by a very safe Hand. You seem still to desire my Notion as to puting out Mony, but you must needs bee a better Judg that are upon the Place ; and all I can say is that the French are so strong, and all in Power are such worthless Wretches, that if I knew where I could put my Mony safe abroad I would draw every Shilling out of England; but Mony in Holland is not above three per Cent, and that Country can't subsist long after the villanous Ministry have given England up to France, which one Way or other will soon happen, I believe ; but since I don't know how to secure any Thing, when all is lost I hope some 64 Letters of the sect. n. of my Friends will keep me. I shall want but very little, and I hope I shall not trouble any Body long, since I think 'tis much better to bee dead than to live out of England. I write to Mr. E. two months agoe that I might know what Mony he had of mine, and never had any Answer ; and last Post I write to him again ; when I have his Answer I shall know whether the Summ is worth troubling you with. No. 17. To Mr. jfennens. De. the 5th, O. S. Soon after I had written to you I received the Favour of yours of the i6th Nov.., which shewd me that I was in the right in thinking I had write at least one Leter that was not acknowledgd by this Time. I imagin you are in Town, and I hope in good Humour, tho as to the Publick I can see no Reason for it. I saw a Leter to day that gave an Account from Fraiikford, and from a good Hand, that the first Demand of the French Kings Generall upon Prince Eugene was to have Satisfaction for fifty Millions in their Mony, which I think they say is five in ours, for the King his Master's Expence in this last Campaigne ; and as soon as the poor Emperor, like the rest of our Allies, is forcd into a Peace, tis easy to see that the French King may do whatever he will with England; and really considering that Spain is now given away by our Ministers, and not to bee recovered by the Emperor, if he could get any tolerable Conditions for himself, I think it is not SECT. II. Duchess of Marlborough. 65 very naturall for him that is a mighty zealous Catho- lick to strugle, if it were in his power, to prevent our having a Popish King upon the Throne, tho hee might bee useful to us on that Poynt while it was his own Interest as well as ours. I believe I gave you some Account in my last of Dunkirk, which is just as it was to all Intents and Purposes as for any Advantage to England; and I was told yesterday by a very honest Man that the Risband is three quarters of a Mile from the Harbour, which is de- molishing it only according to Seur Juggles Desire ; but I believe this is a Repetition, and all I can say upon that Subject will bee so, and therefore I will go to an other, upon which perhaps the Truth may not yet have been told you, that tho the Treaty was signed with Spain on Saturday last for the Com- merce, it was with such Restrictions and Circum- stances that makes it the same as if it was not, for four principle Articles are left to bee settled by Com- missioners, and the Spanish Ministers have signed with a Protestation that with regard to all the other Articles their signing shall not bind them unless approved on by the Court at Madrid, by which you will see that tho the World is given to the King of France, England has nothing till Commissioners have settled it, which is to bee first reported by an igno- rant Commissioner of Trade, and then approved of by the P., both influenced by the worst Men that were ever before Governors of any Country. Pray forgive me for writing so much upon Polliticks, which is the last Subject I should chuse if my very F 66 Letters of the sect. h. Being did not depend upon a right Resolution taken in this Hous of P., not with one that it will bee in vain to think of having in England. And tho one submits to many Things with some sort of Patience that can't bee prevented, I can't help saying that living Abroad makes one very indifferent whether one's Life be long or short. I was sorry to find by some of the foreign Prints that they talk of marrying the P. of W., because while he was single the Acci- dent of his Death would have made all quiet ; and in that Case, if the hatefull Names of Whig and Torry must be kept up, they could do no mischief but vex one another. I have had an Account lately severall Ways that my Lord Peterborough, having taken the Name of Smith, passd in Disguise at Basle, and had a long Conference with the P. of W. and my Lord Middelton, and tis confirmed with so many Perticulars and Certaintys that Nobody can doubt it : and before the Thing come out I must add one, that I know a Person that gave an Account when he was at Callice that he sent the greatest Part of his Servants another Way than that hee took him- self, and hee went by no other Name but that of Smith, even when he was at Callice. I don't suppose that our Ministers have any Need of sending him to the P. of W., but his Lordship sees that tis a proper Visit ; and as much as my Lord Treasr. seems to despise Mony that is given so freely, I don't think that my Lord P. would have had so much of it if hee were not thought of some good Use, or one that hee'feares to disoblige. I am of your Mind that SECT. II. Duchess of Marlborough. 67 there will never bee any Advantage made of the Parke at Woodstock, and I hope Lord Go. will make no Difficulty in using it in Anything that is a Plea- sure to him ; but I am sure it must bee from your Goodnesse that it must bee put in order. Mr. Ca- dogan is not here, but I will answer that Part of your Leter concerning his Lady in my next. Mr. Reeves will never pay without Law, to bee sure, but I fancy hee has cheated enough to be in a Con- dition to doe it ; for, as I have said before, hee has made some Advantage by Cattle in so large a Place ; but there are other Things that don't belong to that, which is certain Rents. I believe soon after Christ- mas I shall know what little Mony I have to dispose of, and I am glad you have been so good as to allow me to trouble you with it. All the best Wishes of my Heart bee with you and dear Mrs. . The Leter I have mentiond in this I believe may not come first to your hands. No. 1 8. 71? Mr. Jennens. July an Interrogatory, tho I do know that the Duke of Marlborough never receivd any of his Mortgages himself, tho Nobody would pay their Money without his Hand to their Dis- charges ; and Mr. Guidott has brought into his Ac- counts the Money received upon Mortgages except yours and the ^3,000 of the Dutchess of Bedford. Yours should have been brought in the Accounts signed when he was in so much Trouble going out of England, and I suppose that tempted Mr. Gui- dott to omitt it, thinking it would never be dis- covered ; but all his Frauds will be proved very plainly that I have found out ; and the best Counsel in England tells me that my Lord Marl- borough's setting his Hand to Mr. Guidott's Ac- counts does not discharge him of any Sums but what are in those Accounts. I remember when I first spoke to you upon this Matter you told me the whole Story, how Mr. Gtddott had desir'd my Lord Marlborough to take your Mortgage upon S^ W" GostwicMs Estate, which was Part of your Wife's Portion, and to continue a Mortgage of ^2,500 upon Mr. Daniel's Estate till it was easy to you to pay it ; and you added that you were very sorry that you were the unlucky Occation of beginning the Mort- gage upon S". W" Gostwick, which would occation so much Loss. You will see by Mr. Wallers Letter that the Time is not fix'd for the Interrogatories. If they happen whilst I am in Town, it will be only SECT. III. Duckess 0/ MsiTlhovough. 155 the Trouble of a Journey, which will do you Good, and you may be at your own House with few Ser- vants, and be so good as to dine with me whilst you like to stay here. I give you and dear Mrs. Jennens a great many Thanks for all your kind Ex- pressions to me ; and tho you are pleased to be very merry upon giving up your own Judgment to follow a Ladies' Fancy, I am satisfied that Nobody will ever suffer by taking Mrs. yennenss Advice. Dye returns her Thanks with me, and is very grateful for what you say concerning her, for you will allways com- mand what Venison you please out of my Parks in the Season that seems most acceptable to you. What you say of the Duke of Bedford is certainly true, and I hope he and some other young Ones that I know will in Time take care of our Property, if it be'nt gone before they have the Power to do it. My humble Service to dear Mrs. Jennens, which is all that I will trouble you with at this Time, but the Assurance of being Your most faithfull And most obedient Servant, S. Marlborough. \_Mr. Robert Jennins to the Duchess of Marl- boroii,gh. Madam, — By Waller s to your Grace I find my Examination is to be in Person ; and since it must be so, let my Sufferings in the Work be what it will, if Mr. Waller is sure the Hearing can be brought on \>y Michaelmas Term, which knowing the Dilatorinesse ,.of Chancery I doubt, will have my Interrogatories 156 Letters of the sect. m. ready, and give me some few Days Notice, I certainly will attend in London. The Conversation your Grace is pleased to remember with me about my Mortgage to the Duke of Marlborough before Mr. Charles Hodges is, in the main, very right ; but exactly the Expression then of paying the Money to Mr. Gtiidott I cannot swear to ; but when you told me there would be a Dispute between the Executors and Mr. Guidott for that Money, I did or would have explained it to you. I am sure I paid the Principal and Interest to a Farthing in a Bank and a Goldsmith's Note, I believe Sir Robert Child's and Company ; and when I paid them to the Duke he bid my Cousin Gtiidott look upon them and see that they were right. I gave them to him, and he told his Grace they were so. Then he signed the Receipt upon the Back of the Deed, and I think it is witnessed by two of his Servants. I took my Deed, went away, and left them togeather ; but when Peeple that have had Transactions fall into Dispute that have made a Noise in the World, I think a Justiciary Explan- ation the best Way to shew how every Party has behaved in the Dispute ; that the Folly or Knavery may be laid upon the right Person. I give you many Thanks for your kind Invitation, being Your Grace's Most obedient humble Servant, Robert Jennins. Acton, 27th July, 1725. SECT. III. Buckess of Marlborough. 157 The Duchess of MarlborougUs answer to this Letter was as follows] : — To Mr. yennins. No. 30. August 7, 1725, London. Being desirous to trouble you as little as possible, I write this to let you know that I find it will not be necessary for you to come to London sooner than, I believe, your own Businesse may require you to be, for I was with the Counsel last Night till one o' Clock ; and they say that there must be a Plea set down to be argued before the Wittnesse can be examined, unlesse any of them should be in Danger of dying, which I hope is not your Case. This will delay this Cause some Time longer. I am not yet Lawyer enough to be sure that I express this right, but I believe what I write will be sufficient for you to guess at my Meaning, and I hope you will forgive me for saying that I dont quite understand your Letter of the 27th of Jtdy- You say that what I write to you of our Conversation concerning your paying the Mony lent you by the Duke of Marlborough to Mr. Guidott is, in the main, very right. You add that you believe your Note was upon Sir R. Child, which it most certainly was, for you must know that Mr. Guidott derected all the Money received upon the Duke of Marlborough! s Account to him, who was his Brother in Law.; and there can be no Doubt that he had a great Share of the Produce of it ; for Mr. Guidott, as it appears in his Accounts, 158 Letters of the sect. m. kept vast Ballance in his Hands, that he ought to have paid to Mr. Edwards for Improvement ; but there is no Remedy for such Losses. You say that you gave your Notes to your Cousin Guidott, as the Duke bid you, to see if they were right, and that he said they were so ; then the Duke of Marlborough signed, and you took your Deed and went away: this shews that Mr. Giddott had the Notes from you, and the Duke of MarlborougJi s saying he should count them shews that he was to have them ; for if the Duke of Marlborough had been to keep the Notes, he would have counted them himself. But through the whole Accounts, tho he was to sign the Mortgages, Mr. G^ddoti x&cexv&d the Money, and has brought them all to Account, except yours and the Dutchesse of Bedford's, which is so plain a Case that I need say Nothing of that ; for Mr. Guidott, in Effect, has been forced to own that, but he has shewn at the same Time that he was very desirous to have sunk that, as well as he has done many Sums for Interest paid to him, and your Mortgage, and the Interest of one Year paid in 1711 is just the same Thing as the Dutchess oi Bedford's; and it is enterd in Mr. Charles Widmore Hand, in the Book of Mortgages, 16 Feb., 171 1 — Received of Mr. Jennins 2625-9- in full, for Principal and Interest, but no where charged in Mr. Guidott' s Accounts. The poor Duke of Marlborough going out of England]\x5t as the Accounts were signed on the 20th November, 1 7 1 2, was, to be sure, one Temptation to leave out that Sum and some others for Interest, for he knew at SECT. III. Duckess 0/ M.3ir\horough. 159 that Time it would never be examined into, and indeed he had seen so much of the Duke of Marl- borougJis Eehance upon him that he might very safely have done the same Thing at any other Time ; for you know that he was always very earless as to the examining his Accounts. As to your Answer upon the Interrogatories, you know that I asked you twice over if you had not paid your Mortgage to Mr. Guidott in 1711, and you answer'd both Times, Yes, in the Presence of Mr. Hodges, and this I take to be the same Thing as if you had said in direct Words that you had paid the Sum wanting — your self — to Mr. Guidott. Since when I asked that Question, you answer'd Yes, and Hodges writ it down that he might be sure to make no Mistake in his Evidence, when he was call'd upon to satisfy what you and I had said. You say that you did or would have explained Something' of this Matter. Would or did is very different, and I have asked Hodges what pas'd more than he writ, and he said Nothing. I am sure I could refuse Nothing that you had a Mind to say to me upon any Subject ; and in that Conversation you mention, when I asked who you paid the Mortgage to, I did not say any Thing of the Executors' disire of calling Mr. Guidott to an Account for the Money he had received, and not charged ; but let this be as it will, it signifies Nothing, for it is a very short and plain Question — Wether I did not ask you before Hodges if you had paid the Money to Mr. Guidott, and you answerd Yes, twice over ; and if I had not this Proof, the i6o Letters of the sect. m. Account Book shews it so plainly that the Executors can't fail of having Justice done them, which is all that I ever can disire upon any Subject what so ever. My humble Service to dear Mrs. yennins. I hope in October to see you both very well at London, and that you will be well pleased with your Building. I am sure I should be so if I could see it, Who am your most Faithful humble Servant, S. Marlborough. To this Letter Mr. yennens wrote the following reply : — Madam, — I am much obliged to your Grace for preventing my coming to London before it was necessary, for I had order'd Horses to meet me on the Road on Sunday, that I might have made my Journey in one Day. I was in Hopes that the more strictly you had examined into my Cousin Guidott's Conduct, the more innocent he would have appeared in your Thoughts, . for I always took him for a sincere honest Man ; but since it proves the contrary, and as my Transactions with him on the Duke's Account form the blackest Accusation, I beg that my Interrogatories may be as strict and full as possible, that what I have done may be shewn as it is done. If your Grace and Mr. Hodges both agree in the Expression of my paying the Money to Mr. Guidott, to be sure it was so — what I meant by explaining to you was that he took the SECT. III. Duckess of Marlborough. i6i Bills from me, by the Duke's Order, to see if they were right, which I think makes it much the same Thing. I am Your Grace's most Devoted humble Searvant, Robert Jennens. Ac/on, 12 August, 1725.] [7(? the foregoing Correspondence there is appended the following, but not in the Duchess s handwriting : — Notwithstanding these shuffling Letters of Mr. fennens, he was examined, and his Evidence is in the Case. Most People know his Character. But as he had a Mind to appear a Man of Honour, and I knew that Mr. Hodges would swear what he had said before him, which he had unfortunately told the Dutchess before he knew there would be a Law Suit, what more could he do in this Case, to return the Services of Mr. Guidott, who had eased him of so bad a Mortgage, then to give his Evi- dence as he did — that he had given the Bills to Mr. Guidott to count, and that when his Mortgage was discharg'd he took his Deed and left them together? Mr. Jennens had another Veiw besides what I have mention'd of Gratitude : he hoped that his Son might be Mr. Guidott' s Heir, and therefore it was natural in him to assist Mr. Guidolt as far as it consisted with his high Points of Honour.] M 1 62 Letters of the sect, m.. No. 31. To Mrs. yennens. Thursday, past ten in the morning. This is to tell my dear Mrs, Jenyns that 'tis so cold that I dare not goe out this Morning, but I hope you and Mr. Jenyns will do me the Favour to dine with me at Half an Hour past Three, whos Company is allways very agreeable to me. Percivall Heart, of Sorte's Coffee-house, is the "Name of the Witnesse, and what he swears was concerning a Conversation at Mr. Gtcidoti's, and in the Company of Marmaduke Allington. When Mr. Jenyns comes he shall read what he says : in the mean Time I think it amounts to Nothing but to show that whatever good Mr. Jenyns wishd to do him he would put a Slur upon if he could. \T he following are appended to the above in the MS. Collection of Letters : — Grandmama is in so great a Hurry with having the Interrogatoris setried by the Council at which she is present in order to expose all the foul Proceed- ings of Mr. Gtcidott, that she begs your Pardon that she can't write to you her self ; but as you desired to know about what Time they will be ready for you, she orders me to lett you know that Mr. Waller thinks that they will be ready in ten Days, or soon after, and that you may be examined imediately SECT. III. Duckess of MdirlhoYough. 163 after they are settled. I can't end this without assuring dear Mrs. Jennens and you that I am your most Obedient humble Servant, D. Spencer., Jidy 31, 1725. I cant in Hon''- omit immediately returning Thanks to assuire Lady Spe7icer for the Favour of a Letter, an old Man being seldom us'd to such fine Things, and at the same Time beg your Lady"'"'' to interceed with Mr. Waller that he would give me a Week's Notice when he is sure the Interogatories are held. With our humble Duties to Lady Dutchess, and as soon as we come to Loitdon will pay our Duties to her, and personally return our Thankes to your Ladyship, being ¥"■ most obedient. Humble Servant, R. A. Jennens.] No. 32. To Mrs. Jennens. Aug,7,l, 1725, London. My good Secretary not being up, you must be contented this Time to be troubled with my own rediculous Hand, for I have a Mind to thank you before I goe to Windsor for the Favour of yours of the 12th of this Month, tho I am not sure that I have not don it allready, for I live in such a perpetuall Hurry of Businesse and Labour from Morning to Night, like a Pack-horse, and I think my Head is M 3 164 Letters of the sect. m. sometimes a little turnd ; and as I have often de- signd to write to you, I am not certain whether I have don it or not ; but if this happens to be a Eepe- tition, I hope you will forgive me. There is no possibility of giving you any Trouble in Mr. Giii- doti's Affair sooner than the Middle of October : how much longer it will bee I don't know, but I will write to you again when 'tis necessary to trouble you about it. I have spent many Days in trying to prevent great Abuses and Losses to the Estate and to very good Effect, and I think myself oblidged to do all I can for the Duke of MarlborotigHs Posterity, whoever enjoys his Forest Estate. I believe I have not given you an Account of one Thing that has been discovered lately in looking over Acquittances which have been brought me by an Agent to the late Duchess of Bedfo^^d. I have seen six Acquit- tances for Interest Mony, all signd by Will. Gtndott ; and before he putt his Name he writes in his own Hand, receiv'd by the Duke of Marlborough' s Direc- tion and for his Use. The last of those Acquittances is for Interest where hee received the Principall, which he never so much as mentions in his Accounts, and forswore it for a long Time. I don't no whether hee is come to own that Sum yet, but it is but for one Year's Interest when the Principall Mony was paid in, which he likewise would fain have sunk. Such a Summ as that would not have been worth the Trouble of taking Notice of; but as the Whole is very considerable, every Thing must be brought to Light in such a Cause ; and he has thrown so much SECT. III. D uc/iess 0/ Ma.r\hoTOugh. 165 Dust at me, that for my own Honour, as well as for the Interest of my Family, I must expose him; and 'tis certain hee will make a worse Figure when all comes out than ever was before seen in Wesimmster Hall. There are at least two five hundred Pounds sunk of the Duke of Bedford's Interest, for which hee got the Duke of Marlborough' s Hand, but one of them is write in Mr. Guidott's own Hand ; and there being such a Number of Acquittances signed by Mr. Guidott for that Mortgage shews that they had no Scruple in paying for Mr. Guidott's Discharge, which makes me think that he was so ingenious as to get the Duke oi Marlborough to sign some Times, thinking that Way might help him better to sink such Mony ; but what I have mentiond before sunk was in Feb. 1716, signd by Mr. Gindott, and not brought to Account. I suppose the Duke of Marl- borough's being sick tempted him to do that, and I don't find a Mistake of one Shilling in all the Accounts of so many Yeares, to the Prejudice of Mr. Guidott, and if they had not been designd for more, would never have been so constant as to make all the Occasions fall upon the Duke of Marlborough. I am glad you will bee able to cover your Hous this Season, when I fancy it will bee dry, because we have had yet but a very few Days of Summer. When I leave Windsor, which will bee the first Week in Sep., I shall goe for ten Days or a Fort- night to Blenheim, where I shall allmost fill the At- tuick Story with Friends ; but not one that will ever be so agreeable as dear Mrs. Jennens will ever be 1 66 Letters of the sect. m. to me. I have had a -Letter lately from a very good Judge who says he has been at Blenheim, and that the Lake Cascade Slopes above the Bridge are all finish'd and as beautifull as can bee imagin'd, the Banks being coverd with a most delightful Verdure ; the Canals are allso finish'd the whole Length of the Medow under the Wood, and there are a hundred Men at Work sloping the Hill near Rosamond's Well ; and when all the Banks are don in the same Manner, and the whole Design cpmpleat'd, it will certainly bee a wonderfuU fine Place, and I believe will be liked by every Body, and I am glad it will bee so, because it was the dear Duke of MarlborougK s Passion to have it don; but in 1716 it was so terrible an Under- taking that I am sure I should never have ventur'd upon it if you had not push'd me on to do it. I wish you better Luck in your Undertakings, which I am sure will bee rightly orderd in all Respects, and a much more agreeable and comfortable Place to live in all the Year round, with a few good Friends, than ever Blenheim will bee, that has and will cost so vast a Sum. I long to see it, and hope to doe it before I dye, when I am so hapy as to have less to do then I have at present. My sincere, humble Services to Mrs. yennens, which shall conclude this tedious Leter from your most faithfull humble Servant. S. Marlborough. SECT. III. Buchess of M3ir\hor:ough. 167 No. 33. To Mr. yemiens. October 20, 1725. My Secretary Di is not up : however, I will not give you the Trouble of reading a Letter in my ugly Hand, which is to acquaint you that I came to London about Mr. Gtddoit's Cause, which was only a Thing of Form concerning the arguing of the Plea ; you know there is very little of the Merits of the Cause that appears at first ; however, I remark'd that my Lord Chancellor took particular Care to ex- plain himself to Mr, Gtiidott's Counsell, that he would not bar the Executors from looking back into Accounts where there was Cause for it ; and he said in the Court that he made no Difference between Accounts with or without. Errors excepted, wher- ever there did appear Errors ; and that is all that the Executors, or even I, shall ever desire, and these Errors will be so strongly made out, both from Mr. Guidott's own Accounts, as well as the Evidences, that I can't apprehend there is the least Doubt of Success in what is so demonstrably plain and just, so that I hope this Suit will soon come to a Conclusion, for every Body says my Lord Chancellor makes great Dispatch in every Thing. The Reason of my giving you this Trouble, is to know when your own Occasions will make it agreeable to you to come to London, wishing that you may have no Sort of Un- easiness on my Account. I have this Day begun to examine some of the Witnesses, and shall go on to 1 68 Letters of the sect. m. examine them all as fast as I can, that Publication may be made for the hearing in a proper Time. I hope you are in good Health and dear Mrs. Jennens, who am, with great Truth, her and your Faithfull humble Servant, S. Marlborough. No. 34. To Mr. Jennens. London, Octr. 26, 1725. I have received the Favour of your Letter dated the 23rd of this Month, by which I imagine that it will be more convenient to you to deferr as long as I can your Examination, which must be about the 20th ofJVov'' ; but I will examin as many other Witnesses as I can before I send to you, and then I will be sure to give you 4 or 5 Days Notice before the Time, and will answer that you shall not come till the Examiner is ready to receive your Evidence, that it may be dispatched as soon as 'tis possible ; and if my takeing more Trouble than I do could ease you of any Thing, I should be extream glad of it. I am very sorry that every Thing in your House is not dispatchd to your Mind, but you say half the Roofe is cover'd, and I hope it may be quite secur'd before any ill Weather comes ; and if it should not be all done, I hope it will not be prejudiciall, because I know that Blenheim Works were stopd in 1 7 1 4, and some Part of the Gallery was uncover'd till 171 7. But let what will happen as to the covering your House, I am sure in the End it will be a reasonable SECT. HI. Duckess 0/ Ma.r\horo\igh. 169 and an agreeable Building, and upon my Word I take a Pleasure in that Thought for your sake, and dear Mrs. yennens's, who I hope will come to London with you, though your Stay be ever so short, that she may take Care of you as she has done for so many Years, and at the same Time give me the Satisfac- tion of seeing her who am faithfully hers and your Most obedient Humble Servant, S. Marlborough. Dye presents her humble Dutty to her dear Mother. No. 35- To Mr. Jennens. Nov. 2, 1725. In my last I writ you Word that about the 20th of this Month would be Time enough for your com- ing to Town, but as I find you intend to go back again as soon as you have answered the Interroga- tor)', perhaps it may be as convenient to you to come sooner, and it w? be much better for me, because I want to go out of Town, and I can't go till I have finish'd my Part in so material a Busi- ness. All the Witnesses that are of the greatest Consequence are examined, and if you will please to let me know the soonest Day that you will be in Town I will take Care that you shall not be detain'd one Hour longer thaa you like to stay, and I 1 70 Letters of the sect. m. suppose your Evidence will not take a Quarter of an Hour with the Examiner. I have the Satisfaction to see already that the Executors' Cause will be very strong, and the Charges proved plainly upon Mr. Giddott; and whatever the Event of some inconsiderable Particulars may be at Law, yet I shall be able to demonstrate that I am in the Right of every Thing in that Affair, which I like better than Mony. Pray present my humble Service to dear Mrs. Jennens, and believe me Your most faithfull And most humble Servant, S. Marlborough. I make no Excuses for making Use of another Hand, because it will be easier for you to read, and my Head aches a little. No. 36. To Mr. Jennens. Nov. 6th, 1725. I think I omitted in my last Letter to let you know that it will be necessary to produce the Deed of Mortgage cancelled, and the Acquittances for the Interest, which I think are not likely to be in the Country : however, it is carefull in me, you will allow, to put you in Mind of them. I was in Hope of hav- ing an Answer to my Letter from you last Post. I hear Mr. Guidott has been so politick as to make it be put into the Prints that he had got the better in SECT. III. Duckess 0/ Ma.r\hovough. 171 his Cause ; 'tis very far from that, but if he pleases himself with it, it does the Ex"^- no hurt no more than the Prints do when they marry People. I hope I shall hear soon when you'll be in Town, to prepare Things for you that you may not stay. My humble Service to dear Mrs. Jennens, who am your most faithfull and most humble Servant, S. Marlborough. Dye presents her humble Dutty to her dear Mother. No. 37. To Mr. Jennens. London, Nov. 8, 1725. I am extream sorry that the Weather has been so bad for your Journey, for tho I am much concerned to do Justice to the Duke of Marlborotigk's Family, it would be a great Trouble to me if your Health sh'' suffer upon that Account. Mr. Waller sends me Word that the Examiner has promised to ex- amine you as soon as you come, and it may be done if you please Tonight ; and if after that is over you are not too weary to like to have a Party at Embro, I shall have one at my House that won't be dis- agreeable to you, who am Your most faithfull Humble Servant, S. Marlborough, 1 72 ' Letters of the sect. m. [Here an important Mattes in this correspondence occurs, evidently occasioned by the death of Mr. Robert fennins, to whom most of the Letters are addressed. The only remaining letter in the collection is the following to his widow'] : — No. 38. To Mrs. fennens. Feb. 28, I72-|- I am so lame of one of my Feet, by having strain'd it by going up so many Steps, that I can't come to you Today, dear Mrs. Jennens, as I wish'd to have done. But when I came Home last Night, I found two very knowing Men at my House, and having heard by Accident that poor Mr. Jennens died without a Will, I could not forbear asking these Lords, for my own Satisfaction, remembering very well that your Settlement, whatever it was, must have been so long ago, at your Marriage, when there could not be a tolerable Provision made for you. They told me that whatever you had accepted of then in Land for your Jointure twas probable, as Writings are generally made, would debar you from any greater Share of Land Estate which Mr. Jennens might have ; but that whatever personal Estate he had, which all Stocks are reckon'd by the Law, you would certainly have a Third Part of that in your own Power to dispose of ; and if Mr. Jennens was a Freeman of the City, as I think I have heard he was, in that Case your Proportion will be greater ; for the City Law is, that if a Man dies without a SECT. III. DucAess q/ MsLrlhovough. 173 Will, the Wife has One Third Part of the Whole, the Children have another Third Part, and the Husband's Third Part, which he might have dispos'd of by a Will ; he not having made one, the Wife will have a Third Part of that Third Part ; and some People are of Opinion, that when there is but one Child the Wife will have Half; but my Authority for this is not so well grounded as for all the rest. I have had a -very good Lawyer's Opinion this Morning upon this Matter, who confirms to me all that I have writ but the last, and in that he is a little doubtful!. I was ask'd Abundance of Questions which I would say Nothing to, but as follows, that it was not a Time to speak to you upon any Thing of this Matter, and that what I said was from my own Memory of Things that I knew long ago. But I remember that Part of your Portion was the Mortgage upon Gostwick's Estate, but I knew Nothing how that was settl'd. But I see plainly by what these learned People have told me, the worst Thing that can happen to you in this Affair is, that if you have a Jointure settl'd upon you in Marriage in Land, you can then have no more out of Land then what is settl'd ; but out of all other Effects it will be as I have already told you. Let me hear how you do by Word of Mouth. I expect no Answer to these Particulars, who am for ever your most affec- tionate humble Servant, S. Marlborough. 1 74 Letters of the Duchess of Marlborough. I am thoroughly persuaded in my own Mind, that poor Mr, Jennens, that lov'd you so well, and must be sensible of your Merit, would not have died without making his Will, but that he knew the Law, and knew that you would be provided for according to his own Intention, whenever that dismal Day happened. LONDON ; PRINTED BY SPOTTISWOODE AND CO., NKW-STHEET SQUARE AND PARLIAMENT STREET Albemarle Street, October 1875. RECENT BIOGRAPHY AND MEMOIRS. 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