CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY FROM Cornell University Library UA428.D6 D26 History of the Doylestown guards olin 3 1924 030 725 216 Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924030725216 \K\si- -. AAA^ _ CV^WV/v. AA^ jOw^' IL^CVAA/ NN^t^^v 60 .LO. 0^. ^ olAr^^-A ^ 0^yV\AA_' cw^\<^ifc A'i'l^ ■& UV LO,^M-k^'^^^3 History DOYLESTOWN GUARDS, WILLIAM W. H. DAVIS, BREVET BRIGADIER-GENERAL U. S. V. LATE CAPTAIN. DOYLESTOWN, PA. DEDICATION. This little volume is dedicated to the living, and the memory of the dead, members of the Doyles- town Guards, who were not excelled by any, in the late war, in the possession and practice of those qualities that make reliable troops, by their late Captain. Doylcstovjti, Fa., June i, i8Sy. THE DOYLESTOWN GuARDS. CHAPTER I. The ■Doylestown Guards, the first company to enter the military service of the United States, from Bucks county, Pa,, at the breaking out of the War of the Rebellion, was the child of the Doylestown Grays. The parent company was organized a quar- ter of a century before, under the militia laws of the State.' ' A history of the volunteer militia of Bucks county would make an interesting volume. A martial spirit always prevailed in spite of the senti- ment of the Friends against it. Her citizens never failed to respond to the call of the authorities, when their services were required. Nine companies were organized during the French and I ndian war, and went to the frontier above Bethlehem. The first volunteer companies, we have a record of. were those of Captain Clunn, of Bristol, artillery, and of Captain Gibbs, of Bensa- lem, cavalry, which met Washington, in the fall of 1797, as he crossed the' Delaware, at Trenton, on his way south from New England. In 178^, a troop of dragoons, probably that of Captain Gibbs, or Rodman , took part in the celebration of the adoption of the Federal Constitution, the 4th of July. In 1801 Captain William Rodman commanded the " First Troop of Light Dragoons of the Bucks County Brigade." The firing of the British frigate Leopard on the Chesapeake, 1S07, stimulated the patriotic im- 6 THE rX)VLESTO\VN (JUARDS. The first record in the company book reads as follows : " A number of the citizens of Doylestown and its vicinity convened at the Green Tree hotel, ^ in f)ulses of the citizens of the cnunt y, and S'everal meetings were held to form volunteer companie-^, artillery, cavalry and infantry. A draft was made on Bucks, in December, for 634 men, when Captain Joseph Stewart's com- pany furnished the artillerymen, and the light dragoon companies of Cap- tains Benjamin Walton and Samuel Seller^^, the cavalry. The \\'ai- of 1S12- 15, again roused the patriotism of the citizens of the county. Besides a 1,000 men drafted, two volunteer companies were raised, and entered the service: Captain William Magill's Bucks County Rangers, of Doylestown, and Captain William Purdy's Rifle company, of Northampton, Warmin- ster and Southampton. Immediately after peace, a number of volunteer companies were organized, and by 1822 there were nineteen in the county,, well uniformed, armed and equipped, and organized into battalions. These organizations, with some changes by old companies going out of service and new ones taking their places, wt:re maintained almost to the eve of the, Civil War, by whicli tinie the volunteer spirit, in time of peace, had about died out. When the'flag was fired upon at Sumter, the Doylestown Grays, now become the Guards, whose history we write, was one of fourteen com-' panies in commission in the county ; but was the only one to enter the service. In that great war several companies were organized and joined the army from Bucks, amounting to nearly two regiments in all. Of this force was the 104th, one of the finest regiments in the service. 2 The Green Tree hotel waii situated at the northeast corner of Main and Broad streets, Doylestown. It was built by Septimus Evans, father of the late Henry S. Evans, of the Village Record, at least seventy-five years ago, where he carried on watch-making. It was a tavern many years, but I do, not know when first licensed. In 181,3 he offered it for sale, and speaks of it as a "new house." It was then a tavern, but could not have been licensed long. It was kept by William Purdy, prothonotary of the county, in 1831-3, and afterwards by Major Henry Carver, then brigade inspector. It now belongs to the daughter of the late A. J. LaRue. When the au- thor was a small boy, at school, in Doylestown, 1832-3, he boarded at this tavern . THE DOVLESTOWX GUARDS. J Doylestovvn, on Saturday evening, the I2th of Sep- tember, A. D. 1835, for the purpose of forming and organizing a volunteer corps of infantr)-." C. E. Wright' was called to the chair, and Preston Brock' appointed secretary. Dr. Charles H. Math- ews/ from a committee appointed at a previous meet- ing, whose proceedings do not seem to ha\^e been re- corded, reported the draft of a constitution, which was adopted after some amendment. The company then went into an election for officer^;, when the *' following named gentlemen" were unanimoush^ chosen : Captain, Charles _ H. Mathews; first lieutenant. ^ Caleb F.. W'rig^ht is a member of the Bucks county bar, to which he was admitted in 1832, and practiced at it until 1S53. when he removed to W'ilkesbarre. where he was born, but came back to Doylestovvn in 1S76. He is still in practice, and occasionally preaches, being a licensed minister of the Methodist church. He is the son of Joseph Wright, of New Jersey, who removed to Wilkesbarre. * Preston Brock was the son of Stephen Brock, of Doylestown, an active politician, who took an interest in military affairs, and was elected sheriff of the county in 1S27. Preston Brock died suddenl), in Phila-delphia, but his home was in Alientown. ^ Charles H. Mathews, a physician of Doylestown, and a most worthy citizen, was a descendant of Simon Mathews, or Matthews, who settled in New Britain township, Bucks county. Pa., about 1720. Dr. Mathews took a lively interest in militar\- affairs ; was major of the Centre battalion, and was elected major general of the division in 1849, '■he author delivering him his certificate of election a few days before' his death . His'comraission as major bore date June 4, 1849, and that of major general, July 2d, same year. He did not live to equip in his new grade. He was defeated for nomination for Congress in 1848. He held but one civil office, that of prothonotary of the courts of the county. 8 THE DOVLESTOWN GUARDS. Pugh Dungan ;' second lieutenant, Asher Cox." Captain Mathews nominated the following non-com- missioned officers, which the company approved, unanimously : First sergeant, Abraham Gray ;** second sergeant, Joseph Hartly ; third sergeant, Andrew Mayer/ and fourth sergeant, John Barn- dollar;'" first corporal, M. H. Snyder;" second •* Pugh Dungan. the son of Jeremiah Dungan, was born in Doylestown township, and died in Bristol, August 7, 1S76. He was a shoemaker by trade, and followed it several years in Doylestown borough. He built the Stone dwelling owned by R. F. Scheetz, on Court street, a few doors west of Main. He removed to Fitzwatertown, Montgomery county, Pa. ; thence to Philadelphia, and afterward to Bristol, keeping tavern at each place. He was deputy sheriff of the county at one time, and was a candidate for re- corder on the Democratic ticket in 1S60, but was defeated at the polls. ' Asher Cox, the son of John Cox, of Buckingham township, was a stone-mason and brick^layer by trade. He bought the Bushingl:on hotel, about 1840, and afterward kept the Mansion house in Doylestown, corner of State and Main streets, now occupied by Weinrebe's bakery. When the gold fever broke out in California, 1S48-49, he went there to seek his fortune, sailing around Cape Horn. After an absence of three or four years, he re- turned and settled down at farming. He was elected recorder of the county in 1866. He spent the remainder of his life in Doylestown, and died about 1873 « Abraham Gray was a tailor, who carried on his trade in Doylestown, but long since passed from view. " Andrew Mayer was an artist, from Philadelphia, probably a. portrait painter. 10 John Barndollar was a baker, and carried on a bakery in the house where Mrs. Barndt lives, on State street, just east of Main. He advertised his business in 1835. j;" Manassah H. Snyder was a native of Lehigh county, and, I believe, learned the printing trade at Easton, Pa. He established the Bucks County Express^ the first German newspaper in Bucks county, in 1827, the first issue appearing July 4th, He bought the Doylestown Democrat of William T. Rogers, in 1829, and continued the publication of both THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. 9 corporal, Joseph H. Purdy ;'" third corporal, Pres- ton Brock, and fourth corporal, C. P. Michener." At the same meeting C. P. Michener was elected treasurer, and Preston Brock, secretary ; Lieutenant Dungan, Abraham Gray and C. E. Wright, a court of. appeal to serve until the annual meeting of the com- pany ; and Messrs. Wright, Pugh, Purdy and Mich- ener, a committee to prepare by-laws. They now ad- papers until T832, when he sold the Democrat to John S. Bryan. The Express passed into the sheriff's hands in 1S35-36, and was bought by Bryan. Mr. Snyder lived in Doylestown, several years afterward, was ac- tive in politics and wielded considerable influence. When the War of the Rebellion broke out, in 1S61, he entered the army, and served to its close in the Signal Corps. Mr, Snyder married a daughter of Elnathan Fettitt, an hotel-keeper of Doylestown. It is said he first saw his wife the night Captain David Wagner's company, to which he belonged, staid in Doylestown, September, 1S24, on its return from Philadelphia, whither it had gone to join in the reception of General Lafayette. This company and Captain Reeder's went down the Delaware on Durham boats and marched home up the Easton road, stopping at Doylestown. Snyder was a musician in the band of thirty-six pieces. The company had 101 members. Mr. Snyder was postmaster at Doylestown at one time. ^'' Joseph H. Purdy was the son of William Purdy, of Southampton township, Bucks county. Pa., and a descendant of John Purdy, who im- migrated from Ireland and settled on the Pennypack, in Moreland town- ship, Montgomery county. Pa., in \^a,■2. He read law, but was never ad- mitted to the bar. He married Catharine, daughter of Rev. Eli Field Cooley, of Trenton, N. J., and removed thither. He was a clerk in the office of the Assistant Treasurer of the United States, Philadelphia, and died thirty-five years ago. His widow re-married, and died in 1859. 1= Charles P. Michener was born in Plumstead township ; studied medi- cine with Dr. Charles H. Mathews, and afterward became his partner ; re- moved to Newtown ; married Miss Maria Louisa Jamison, of Warwick, daughter of John Jamison, April ig, 1838, and died at Newtown many years ago. lO THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. journed to meet at the Doylestown hotel," Monday- evening, September 21st, at 7.30 o'clock. The pro- ceedings of this meeting were recorded by Joseph H. Purdy, subsequently elected secretary. The constitution prescribed the following uniform : " A gray coatee with square collar, trimmed with black braid and yellow infantry buttons ; pantaloons of same cloth as coat ; wide black braid down the leg, and black straps under the boots ; black glazed cap, trimmed with yellow scales, eagle and chain, pompoon of black with yellow ball ; black stock ; no shirt collar appearing ; boots; knapsack with blanket, eagle on back, and letters, ' D. G. ; ' canteen with same letters ; picker and brush." This was the uniform of the period, but would seem odd enough now. How would a modern soldier look, marching on to glory, strapped down to his boots? Such martial harness would not be convenient in " mounting the eminent deadly breach," getting over a fence, leaping a gutter, or beating a retreat. The constitution and by-laws provided for the in- ternal government of the company, and some of the regulations were quite severe. Article X embraced " The " Doylestown Hotel" was kept by Wm. Field, but we believe never bore that name afterward. It was often called " Field's," and stood at the corner of Court and Pine streets. The building was sold a few years ago, and converted into a dry goods store, the largest in the village. It was a public inn half a century, beginning life as a temperance house. THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. II a schedule of " fines and penalties," ranging in amount from ten cents to one dollar for infraction of discipline. For speaking aloud in ranks the fine was 50 cents ; being intoxicated, while in uniform, $1 ; firing a gun in ranks, without orders, $1 ; and the same penalty for quarreling or fighting in uni- form. From a minute in the company book, we learn the members, in citizen's dress, for the uniforms were not yet made up, visited the " Independent Volun- teers," at New Hope," the 24th of September ; and at their meeting, on the 28th, our warriors tendered a vote of thanks to Mr. Kirgan, no doubt the land- lord, "for his prompt attention and sumptuous enter- tainment." The first signatures to the constitution were re- corded October i, 1835, when thirty-three members signed: Charles H. Mathews, Pugh Dungan, Asher Cox, C. P. Michener, Joseph H. Purdy, M. H. Sny- der, C. E. Wright, Preston Brock, John Leuzzler," 15 New Hope, in Solebury township, Bucks county, Pa., at the crossing of the Delaware, long known as Coryell's Ferry, is a village of i,ooo in- habitants. A ferry was established there soon after 1700, and the river is now spanned by a wooden bridge. Lambertville is on the New Jersey bank of the river. The Continental Army, with Washington at its head, crossed at Coryell's Ferry, in August, 1777, and in June, 1778. 18 John Leuzzler was an old country German ; a butcher by occupation, and owned the small farm now the property of Davis E. Brower, at the north foot of Main street. He prospered in business, but sold out many years ago and removed to Ohio. 12 THE DOVLESTOWN GUARDS. Andrew Myers, John Seitzinger/' Joseph Hartly, Thomas F. Snyder, Jacob G. Conard," George Shuler, John BarndoUar, William Stirk/" David R. Johnson, David H. Goucher,'" Benjamin Snodgrass,'^^ Silas H. James,'''' Benjamin F. Gerheart,''" James " John Seitzing-er was a tailor by trade, and carried on business in the house now owned by Thomas H. \Valton, on Main street. He became in- sane, and himself and wite have been duad several years. He came to Doylestown from Schuylkill county. Pa. '« Jacob G. Conard was of Buckingham township, where he still lives with children and grandchildren, and is a farmer. ^^ William Stirk was a carpenter, and probably a native of Doylestown township. He was one of the pioneers ol the company and carried a bat- tle-axe. His son, Oliver Stirk, was c\. soldier of the 104th Pennsylvania regiment in the War of the Rebellion. 3" David H. Goucher, the son of John and Mary Goucher, was born in Philadelphia, in 1813. He was a carpenter by trade, and followed it at Doylestown several years, building some of the best houses m the village. He removed to Philadelphia, about 1850, wheie he died in 1SS5, leaving ai widow and two daughters. He was a brother of Thomas Goucher, for more than forty years a resident of Doylestown, and at one time a member of the company. ^1 Benjamin Snodgrass was the son of James Snodgrass, of Doylestown township, just west of the borough line, and has been dead several .years,, He was a descendant of Benjamin Snodgrass, who immigrated from Ireland pre%iousto 1730. During a long voyage his whole family perished from hunger, except himself and daughter Mary. The family have produced several prominent men, two of them being ministers of the gospel. Ben- jamin, a grandson of the first Benjamin, d. soldier of the Revolution, was at the battle of Trenton. The late Dr. James S. Rich was a descendant. 22 Silas H. James and J. W. James were members of the old and in- fluential tamrly of that name, that settled in Nev/ Britain township early in the last century, immigrating from Wales. 23 Benjamin F. Gerheart, the son of iJaniel, and born in Doylestown township, on the small farm now owned by William T. Rogers, was a house carpenter by trade. THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. 1 3. Clark," George R. Foster,^^ William S. Plattz, E. J. Yocum,"" Abraham Gray, John B. Pugh," John Al- len, J. W. James, Samuel Solliday,^^ Nathaniel Hubbard'' and Hugh H. Henry.'" Down to i860 over 200 names had been signed to the constitution, including some of the most prominent citizens of the town and county. Among them were Henry Chap- 24 James Clark was the son of James, a fanner of Buckingham, and died two years ago. *s George R. Foster was a shoemaker at Doylestown, and did something at stage driving. 2s E. J. Yocum, a tanner and currier of Doylestown, carried one of the battle-axes of the company. 27 John B. Pugh, a descendant of Hugh Pugh, who came to thiscountry from Wales, and settled in Chester county about 1725, is the son of John Pugh, and was born in Hilltown township, Bucks county, Pa. His father moved to Doylestown, when the sun was a boy. He graduated at the University of Pennsylvania, read law and was admitted to the bar in. 1S30. He had a fondness for military affairs when a young man. He married a daughter of the late Judge Fox, of Doylestown. and is living a retired life. 2s Samuel Solliday came to Doylestown from Montgomery county, and followed his trade, that of a watch-maker and jeweler. He removed to New Hope many years ago, where he carried on business, and had a lumber and coal yard. He died there. He made a considerable fortune, but lost it before his death, three years ago. 2« Nathaniel Hubbard, a house-painter, was high constable of Doyles- town several years. When the Rebellion broke out, he enlisted in the 104th Pennsylvania regiment, and served as one of the cooks for company " A," but was discharged for disability the first year of the war. 30 Hugh Hamilton Henry was the son of William Henry, of Doyles- town, and a man of superior talents. He read law with E. T. McDowell, Esq. , and was admitted to the bar in 1835. He was appointed district attorney of the county, by Governor Ritner, and served a term of three years. He was editor of the Bucks County Intelligencer during the proprietorship of Samuel Fretz and William M, Large, and died November 16, 1842. 14 THE DOYLESTOwN GUARDS, man,^' who joined the company January 26, 1838 ; William Field,^^' January 24, 1837; Abel M. Griffith^^ and John S. Bryan, ^' February 17, 1838 ; James Gil- 31 Henry Chapman, the son of Abraham, is a descendant of John and Jane Chapman, who settled in Wrightstown township, Bucks county, in 1684. He became a distinguished man. He read law ; was admitted to the bar in 1825, and was prominent in his profession and in politics. He filled several public stations, and discharg-ed the duties with great in- tegrity. He was elected to the State Senate in 1843 ; was appointed presi- dent judge of the Chester and Delaware district in 1S47 ! elected to the same office in the Bucks and Montgomery district in 1861, and served the full term of ten years. He was elected to Congress in 1S56, and took part in the exciting Kansas-Nebraska debate, advocating the popular side of this vexed question. He declined re-election when he could have had it without opposition. Judge Chapman has lived retired several years, respected by all. His brief command of the Doylestown Grays was his only military experience, *2 William Field was the son of Benjamin Field, and lived several years in Doylestown. He kept the "Citizens' house," on Court street, at the corner of Pine, recently converted into a store, and the Mansion House, corner of Main and State, now the site of a bakery and ice cream saloon. In his later years he was purveyor at Girard College ; and died at the house of his daughter, the wife of David Shelmire, oi Downingtown, Pa, In his prime he was a man of considerable political influence in Bucks county, and at one time was deputy sheriff. His public houses were places of resort. 33 Abel M. Griffith, the son of Amos Griffith, was born in New Britain township ; read law with Thomas Ross, Esq.; was admitted to the bar in 1836, and began practice in Doylestown. He was elected to the Legisla- ture in 1841, and served one term. He was a man of good ability and should have made a greater figure in the world. He was captain of the Diller Artillerists about 1844-5-6, and died about 1848. 31 John S. Bryan was descended of ancestors who settled in Spring- field township, Bucks county, 1758, and was the son of James and Susan Bryan, plain Friends. He became a prominent citizen of the county, and was a most excellent man. He learned the printing trade in the Demo- crat office, while William H. Powell was the proprietor, and bought it soon after he was out of his time. He conducted the newspaper until 1845, THE DOVLESTOWN GUARDS. 1 5 kyson,'' March 17th; Charles H. Mann/' April, 1S39. George E. Donaldson," W. W. H. Davis, when he sold it to Samuel Johnson Paxson. He wa^ prominent in poli- tics and military affairs of the county. In civil office he was prothonotary and associate judge, and in military was lieutenant and captain of the Doylestown Grays, and brigadier and major general of the militia. He died in 1S63. 3^ James Gilkyson is the son of Colonel Elias Gilkyson, of Lower Mal(:e- field, where he was brought up on his father's farm. He read law with E. T. McDowell, Esq.; was adTiltted to the bar in 1841, and practiced at Doylestown, until 1885, when he removed to his farm, in Rock- hill township, called "The Moors." He was a candidate for prothonotary, in 1842. but defeated by Wi'liam D. R'jckrnxn ; was elected district attorney, in 1859; nominated for the State Senate, on the Republican ticket, 1870, and defeated by Jesse W, Knight, During the War of the Rebellion he commanded the 17th Pennsylvania Militia regimeit in the "emergency," of 1862, and was major of Colonel Newkumet's 31st Pennsylvania Militia regiment in the " emergency" of 1863, in a three weeks' campaign. 36 Charles H. Mann was born in Philadelphia, in iSdq, of German parents. He settled at Danboro, Plumstead township, Bucks county, in 1837, and carried on harness-making, but removed to Doylestown, in 1839, the same year he joined the Grays. He was appointed postmaster, at Doylestown, soon after he moved down from Plumstead, his commission bearing date November 28, 1839, and was signed by Amos Kendall. He was removed when Tyler came into power, in 1841. Mr. Mann was elected sheriff of the county, 1S45, and served the term of three years. After he went out of office, he bought one of the best hotels in the borough, now known as the Fountain house. He left Doylestown for Towson, near Baltimore, Maryland, in November, 1856, and from there removed to HarrisbuVg, in 1863, to take charge of the Jones house, returning to Tow- son in the spring of 1869, where he still resides. He was active in politics and military affairs. 37 George E. Donaldson is the son of Andrew Donaldson, a mast-maker of Philadelphia, who bought and removed to a farm in Buckingham town- ship, within a mile of Doylestown, in 1840, where he died in 1851. The son is a jeweler, at Doylestown. During the War of the Rebellion he served a tour of duty, during the " emergency," of 1862, in Captain Gilkyson's l6 THE DOVLESTOWN GUARDS. George T, Harvey and Nathan C. James," became members on re-organization, June i, 1846. The company met for the first time in uniform, " fully equipped for drill," Saturday, October 10, 1835, but the place is not mentioned in the records. It burned six rounds of blank cartridge furnished by the quartermaster. The company again met for drill, January 8, 1836, at the Doylestown hotel ; and monthly meetings, for drill and business, were held regularly. Members, who lived a half mile from the court house, were not fined for absenting themselves from these meetings. The first annual meeting was held April 9, 1836, when Joseph H. Purdy was elected secretary ; and the company resolved to meet the Doylestown mi- litia the first Monday in May, and the volunteer regi- ment, °" commanded by Colonel Thomas Purdy," at company, ■17th Militia regiment. In 1863 he served a few weelcs in what was known as " Captain Dana's Troop,'' 45th Pennsylvania Militia regiment, V^hipple's brigade. »e Nathan C. James is the son of the late John D. James, of Doyles- town township, crier of the courts of Bucks county forgalmost half a cen- tury, dying in 1874. He commenced learning the trade of watchmaking with Samuel SoUiday, mentioned in a previous foot-note, and finished with Daniel SoUiday, of Philadelphia. He read law with George Miche- ner, Esq., and was admitted to the bar in 1851, He was elected district attorney in 1854, and re-elected in 1857. He has taken an active part in politics. 39 The regiment here spoken of was the First Regiment Bucks County Volunteers, i42d of the Line. The first battalion was probably organized in the fall of 1822, and the second about three years afterward. It was one of the finest bodies of volunteer troops in the State. Its colonels were THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. IJ Such time and place as might he appointed by the proper authorit5^ The company was inspected by Major Henry Carver," brigade inspector, May i8th, and the officers were re-elected May 2ist. The same evening Isaac G. Thomas^' was elected a member of the company. About this time General William T. Rogers" presented the Grays '* an elegant bass John Davis, Simpson Torbert, Thomas Purdy and Joseph jMorrison. The author remembers when it was the pride of the middle and lower sections of the county, and many hundreds flocked to witness its drills and parades. It received' General Lafayette at the Pennsylvania end of the Trenton bridge, in September, 1824, and, with other troops, escorted him to the Philadelphia county line. On that occasion it was mounted, 600 strong-, and commanded by Colonel Davis. *" Thomas Purdy was the son of William Purdy, a prominent citizen of the county, and brother of Joseph Purdy, one of the first secretaries of the Doylestown Grays. He early took an interest in military matters and politics, and succeeded Colonel Torbert in the command of the First Regi- ment, He was elected sheriff of the county in 1842, and died in 1844. *i Henry Carver, a native of Solebury township, Bucks county. Pa., was elected brigade inspector about 1835, and soon afterward removed to Doylestown, where he kept the "Green Tree" for several years. He is long since deceased. ^^ Isaac G. Thomas is the son of Jesse Thomas, of Plumstead township, Bucks county, where he was born, in 1812, and spent the greater part of his life. He is a wheelwright by trade. Mr. Thomas was elected clerk of the orphans' court 6f Bucks county, in 1872, and served a full term. He now lives in Doylestown, in vigorous health. ^9 William T. Rogers was the son of William C. Rogers, who emi- grated from Connecticut to Philadelphia, and then removed to Warring- ton township, Bucks county, Pa. The general was born in Philadelphia in 1799. He learned the printing trade with Asher Miner, at Doyles- town, his future home, and was proprietor of the Doylestown Demo- crat from 1821 to 1829. He was prominent in public affairs ; in the military he was brigade inspector and major general of militia, and in civil IS THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. drum," for which he received a vote of thanks ; and Preston Jones," of Philadelphia, offered to equip, at his own expense, and turn out " on all general and special training days," if the company would furnish him a bugle. The proposition was accepted and a committee appointed to raise funds. The company was now in good working order, but as there was "neither wars nor rumors of wars," the military duties were not over arduous. The time was occupied with routine work, now and then turn- ing out to air their uniforms and let the ladies feast their eyes on their gallant defenders. July 4, 1836, it assisted in a celebration of the day at Doylestown, the Rev. Silas M. Andrews'" delivering the address, and James L. Shaw" read the Declaration of Indepen- life was postmaster at Doylestown, collector of tolls on the Delaware canal at Bristol, and sat eight years in the State Senate. His wife was a sister of John B. Pugh, Esq., of Doylestown, and a daughter of John Pugh, who represented the county four years in the Legislature, and was twice elected to Congress. General Rogers died in 1867, ^^ Preston Jones, a carpenter, was born in Buckingham township, Bucks county, Pa. He settled in Doylestown, where he carried on his trade until his death, about 1848 or '49. ■"' Silas M. Andrews, a Presbyterian clergyman of distinction, was born in North Carolina, in 1805 ; was educated at the North Carolina Univer- sity, taught school until 1S28, when he entered Princeton Theological Seminary. He was called to the Doylestown Presbyterian church in No- vember, 1831, and had charge of it until his death, March 7, 1881. He was a man of great ability, and very methodical in all his work. During his pastorate he married 1,242 couple. " James L. Shaw was the son of Francis Shaw, of Doylestown. The Shaws were early settled in Plumstead township, and the names of Thomas THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. 1 9 dence ; and, on the i8th of October, the company attended a " Harvest Home " at Doylestown. At a meeting held the 17th of December, a resolution was adopted in favor of petitioning the Legislature to pass an act to relieve the company from being attached to any regiment or battalion, thus making it an inde- pendent organization. A law to this effect was sub- sequently passed. About this time the company procured white body belts with a yellow eagle in front, presumably one of the screaming kind. When the accounts of the treasurer were audited, April 8, 1837, he was found to have in his hands fourteen knapsacks, seventy-one copies of the constitution, and only $3.61 in cash, not sufificient to warrant that of- ficer fleeing to Canada. The presence of so many copies of the constitution, in the hands of the treas- urer, would indicate that the members did not waste much of their time studying the fundamental law. As there were several lawyers in the company, the constitutional interpretations were probably received from them without question. We now reach an important, because it was a new, era in the history of the Doylestown Grays, their first appearance on what Mrs. Partington is pleased to call " the tainted field." During the spring and summer of 1837, the military authorities of the county made preparations for holding an encamp- ment. The time was fixed for the last week in Au- gust, and the place, on the Middle road in Northamp- 20 THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. ton township, a mile above Addisville," and to be commanded by Major General John Davis/" It was called Camp Washington. The Doylestown Grays were invited to unite in this military demonstration, and, at a meeting held the 24th of June, the company resolved to *' meet with the encampment." Needful preparations were now made for this important occasion. The members brushed up their knowledge of the military art, by and Jan^es Shaw are found to a petition to the court of quarter sessions, in 1725, which led to the organization of the township. Mr. Shaw embraced the occupation of a builder of telegraph lines, and assisted to erect the first through Bucks county, from Norristown to New Hope, with an office at Doylestown. This was about 1845. He continued in this business as long as he lived, and helped to put up many thousands of miles of wire, among others the PJiiladelphia and Wilkesbarre line, in 1848. He was a pioneer in the business. He died suddenly, in Philadelphia, in 1885. Mr. Shaw married a daughter of Major Henry Carver, of whom we have already spoken. ■^^ Addisville, in Northampton township, on the Middle road, twenty miles from Philadelphia, was a famous place for volunteer parades fifty years ago. Camp Washington, a mile from Addisville, was the first mili- tary encampment held in the county since the war of 1812-15. ^t was visited by thousands of people, and passed off with great eclat. •*" John Davis was the son of John Davis, a Revolutionary soldier, and came of Welsh and Irish ancestry. He was born in Solebury township, Bucks county, 1788, removed to Maryland at the age of six, and married and settled in his native county at the age of twenty-five ; spending his life therein and dying in 1878, within four months of ninety. He was prominent in military affairs and in politics. He held all the commissions from ensign up to major general, the first in 1814, in the field during the war of Great Britain and the others in the volunteer militia. In his day he was one of the best known men in politics in the State. Among the civil offices he held were member of Congress and surveyor of the port of Philadelphia. THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. 21 instituting squad drills, both officers and men being fined for non-attendance, the former 20 cents and the latter -10; new fatigue coats and caps were pur- chased ; the latter " to be carried on the .right hand corner of the roll of the knapsack " A committee was appointed to find some person to victual the com- pany with cooked rations while at camp, which a Mr. Harris agreed to do for 62 1-2 cents per man, per day, while the " baggage wagon committee" ar- ranged with Peter Jackson," a noted colored man of that day, " to take down the baggage and wait upon the Grays during the encampment, with himself, team and hired man, at $3.50 per diem." The company was provided with flints and blank cartridge. The company met at "Field's" tavern,*" at 6 o'clock, on the morning of August 29th, whence it proceeded to camp in wagons, carrying thirty-two muskets. It was the crack company of the encampment, and this, with the fact it came from the county seat, gave it a prominent place in the public eye. The ^^ Peter Jackson was a slave in Delaware, who ran away and settled at Doylestown, more than half a century ago. He became quite famous in his day. He visited military parades in the service of the officers, as coach- man, waiter, etc. At one time _ he lived with William Watts, associate judge of the courts, and drove his pair of cream colored horses. He has been dead many years. He left a son, John, vt'ho entered the ministry and had a congregation at Baltimore, where he died of small pox, a few years ago. 50 " Field's" was the Citizens' house, Doylestown, kept by \\^illiam Field at that time. 22 THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. author, then a small boy, was at camp, and re- members with what respect he looked upon this company, having never seen anything to equal it in martial appearance. Upon its return home, the secretary was directed to make a written report of the campaign, in which he said, among other things : " During the whole of their stay, much attention and respect was paid them, in compliment to their skill in drilling, their general demeanor, their promptness in the discharge of the duties assigned them ; and whatever in this short campaign entitled them to a merited distinction over the rest of the soldiery encamped " This may appear very like blowing one's own horn, but it may be excused on the ground, that horns are military instruments, and useless unless blown. Captain Mathews resigned command of the com- pany the 26th of January, 1838. The same evening Henry Chapman was elected an active member, and, immediately afterward, captain. At this meeting John S. Bryan and Abel M. Griffith were elected ac- tive members, and C. E. Wright, secretary, in the stead of Mr. Purdy. Lieutenant Cox had resigned the previous September. During the session of 1837-38, the company petitioned the Legislature to pass an act authorizing the election of a third lieutenant, and the first election under this law was held the 7th of April. THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. 23 Captain Chapman made his first appearance, in command of the company, February 22, 1838. On that day the Union Troop of Cavalry, Captain Wm. McHenry, met the Grays at Doylestown, and the two companies celebrated Washington's birthday in a modest way. The Grays formed at one o'clock, in front of their quarters, under Lieutenant Dungan, and marched to the residence of their newly elected Captain, who then assumed command. The two com- panies now marched through the streets of the village, and afterward dismissed. In the evening, joined by a number of military gentlemen from various parts of the county, they partook of a " sumptuous entertainment" at Mr. Field's hotel. After the cloth was removed they organized by the selection of a chairman and other ofificers, and indulged in speech- making, drinking toasts and singing patriotic songs, adjourning at 9 o'clock. The success of the encampment of 1837 induced the military leaders of the county to project one for the following year. A conference was held at the Bear tavern, in June, at which the Grays were repre- sented by Messrs. Griffith, Tucker, Pugh, Field and Hory. They were instructed to " decline commit- ting the company in favor thereof," unless the en- campment should be held in the vicinity of Doyles- town. As it was determined to hold it elsewhere, the Grays did not participate in it. Instead of going to camp, the company resolved, at a meeting held 24 THE DOVLESTOWN GUARDS the 1st of September, " to take an excursion up county on the 5th and 6th of October next." Messrs. Brock, Pugh and Griffith were appointed a commit- tee " to get music," and Field, Bryan and Snyder " to be a foraging committee." The company went up to Quakertown on the 5th and staid there all night. The next morning, after exhibiting to the villagers some of its military accomplishments, the Grays proceeded to Worman's, quite a famous tavern where the military used to meet in olden times, to participate in a battalion drill. From there the ' company returned to Doylestown, reaching home in the evening. During that fall the company practiced at the target, and the man who made the best shot was awarded a medal to carry until some other member should excel him in shooting. At this time C. E. Wright was orderly sergeant. Captain Chapman's command of the Grays was of brief duration, as he was in commission less than a year. He resigned the 17th of November, 1838, whereupon the company passed the following com- plimentary resolution : " Resolved, That the thanks of the Doylestown Grays be presented to Captain Chapman for the able and acceptable manner in which he acquitted himself while in command of the corps ;" and Henry, Wright and John S. Bryan were appointed a committee to wait on him and to com- municate the purport of the resolution. Lieuten- ant Brock's resignation was accepted the same even- THE UOVLESTOWN GUARDS. 25 ing Captain Chapman resigned. The previous April the company added to its martial music by hiring James M. Mann"' to blow the fife at $1.50 per day, or $1 for a half day. John D. Morris"'' was elected secretary in place of C. E. Wright, resigned, De- cember 15, 1838. On the 29th of December, 1838, an election was held for commissioned officers, with the following result : Captain, Pugh Dungan ; first lieutenant, John B. Pugh; second lieutenant, John S. Bryan, and third lieutenant, John D. Morris. Lieutenant Morris did not long enjoy his new honors, as he re-, signed at the next meeting. About this time the Grays had an attack of blood- thirstiness, which, while not strong enough to carry the company off, was quite severe. At a meeting, ^^ James M. Mann was the son of Benjamin S. Mann, of Doylestown township, and the great-grandson of John Mann, who was born in Ire- land, and settled in W^arminster, near Hartsville. He was a tailor by trade, but devoted to music, which he taught in Philadelphia, where he died. He was a nephew of James S. Mann, of Doylestown, a member of the Union Troop, and held all the commissions in it, including captain. When the Rebellion broke out, he raised a company of cavalry, which was not accepted. In the "emergency" of 1862, he organized another cavalry company, which he called the Union Troop, after the old company, and with it served about three weeks at Harrisburg. 52 John D. Morris was a brother of Mathias Morris, a member of the Doylestown bar,' with whom he read law, and was admitted in 1837. He settled at Stroudsburg, Monroe county, Pa., where he practiced several years, but his health failing, he removed to Philadelphia. Vv^hile there he held responsible positions in the United States Mint. He afterward re- turned to his birthplace in Montgomery county, \\here he died. 26 TilE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. held the 1 6th of March, 1839, '^he following resolu- tions were unanimously adopted, the first on motion of Hugh H. Henry, and the second on that of Lieu- tenant Pugh : "Resolved, That the Grays are ready to tender their services to the President, to fight the British before they are called upon. ''Resolved, That the quartermaster procure, on the most reasonable terms, 300 rounds of ball cartridge, to be kept by the commanding officer in a proper place, to be ready for the use of the company at any time." No doubt John Bull heard of this, or something equally threatening, for we had no war about that time with our British brethren. There is no record of the company offering its services for any bloody conflict at that period ; its patriotism was mani- fested in resolutions, a much more harmless way. After several changes in the secretary, Charles H. Mann was elected to that office, April 18, 1840, and served three years. About the same time, Henry Hory'' was elected orderly. On the 22d of February, 1 841, the Grays paraded at Centreville," in honor of "•s Henry Hory was a German printer, of Doylestown, a compositor in the Express office. He was an excellent soldier, and a g;ood drill officer ; and, in social life, was "a fellow of infinite jest." He removed to Phila- delphia, where he died many years ago. &'» A post village of Buckingham township, four miles from Doylestown, in the midst of a delightful country. Its tavern was kept by John Bogart during the Revolutionary struggle, and, in December, 1776, General Green THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. 2"] Washington's birthday. At the annual meeting of the company, Saturday, April loth, the following preamble and resolution, offered by Lieutenant John B. Pugh, were unanimously adopted : Whereas, The decease of William Henry Harri- son," President of the United States, has been an- nounced, therefore " Resolved, That, as a mark of respect to the memory of the late Commander-in-Chief, the colors of the company be draped, and the usual badge of mourning worn for six months." During the spring and fall of this year, 1841, the company made two excursions. On the 15th of May, it paraded with Colonel Isaiah James'" Jackson bat- talion," at Anthony Amy's tavern," Bunker Hill, had his quarters in it for a few days. The Continental army, with Wash- ington at its head, marched four times through Centreville, in 1777 and '78. Situated at the junction of the Durham and York roads, leading from the Lehigh and New Jersey to the lower Delaware, at Philadelphia, and the Schuylkill, it was much frequented by travelers. The Bucks County Com- mittee of Safety had frequent meetings under its roof in 1774, '75 and '76. '•<■ William Henry Harrison, the ninth President of the United States, was born in Virginia, in 1773, and served as aide-de-camp to General Wayne, in the expedition against the Western Indians, at the age of nine- teen. After holding several important civil offices, including United States Senator, and distinguishing himself in the army, he was elected President in 1840, and died on the 4th of April, 1841, one month after hfs inauguration. It was a great shock to the country, and civil and military bodies went into mourning. "-'^ Isaiah James was descended of a Welsh family that settled in New Britain township, Bucks county, a century and three-quarters ago. He was born in 1798, and died in 1886. He took a lively interest in mill- 28 THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. in Richland township. The company met at Sel- lersville/*' at 8.30 a. m., and thence proceeded to its destination. The 21st of October it went to Fitzwatertown,^** Montgomery county, to visit the captain, and partake of his hospitalities, besides in- dulging in a little drill. On the 3d of July, 1841, the 4th falling on Sun- day, the Grays made an excursion to New Hope; to assist in a public celebration ; the members of the company being driven over in wagons. A news- paper account of the affair says : Lary affairs when a young man, and was elected captain of a military com- pany at the age of twenty-five. After serving as major and lieutenant- colonel, he was elected colonel of the regiment, the 2d Bucks County Volunteers, in 1841. He was three times elected to the Legislature, and served one term as prothonotary of the county. "s Anthony Amy's, on the old Bethlehem road, was quite a famous inn in its day, where the volunteers frequently met for drill, and the politicians came together to make up their "slate." The locality is still called Bunker Hill, but the house has long since gone out of license. The author carried a musket at a parade there, in 1839. ■>^ Sellersville, a village of a few hundred inhabitants, is on the North Pennsylvania railroad, in RockhiU township, Bucks county. The first tavern licensed there and more recently known as " Jacoby's," is one of the oldest inns in the upper end of the county. It was kept by Samuel Sellers, once sheriff of the county, in 1800, and the village took his name. Being situated on the Old Bethlehem road, one of the great highways from the Lehigh to Philadelphia, it was an important point when that road was a thoroughfare for passengers and goods. The troops sent to quell the " Fries Rebellion," in 1799, rendezvoused there. Since the railroad was built it has become a place of considerable local trade. •"^ Fitzwatertown, a small village in Upper Dublin township, Montgomery, about twelve miles from Philadelphia, took its name from the Fitzwater family, long resident there, engaged in burning lime. , THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. 29 "At about 9 o'clock in the morning the Doylestown Grays marched into the town, and the martial step and soldier-like deportment, of all connected with this handsome and well-disciplined military corps, com- manded the admiration of all who witnessed the pre- cision with which they performed the military evolutions. The Grays crossed the Delaware to Lambertville, where they were received by the Flemington Grays, a handsome infantry company, commanded by Captain Reading. The Doylestown Grays returned to New Hope, forming an escort to the Flemington Grays, and also to the Globe fire engine company, of Lambertville. The apparatus of the engine company was handsomely decorated, and drawn by four beautiful gray horses, and fol- lowed by the members." The celebration was held in a grove, on the river bank, above New Hope. The stage was prettily decorated with flowers, and seats conveniently ar- ranged. David Trump, teacher of one of the public schools in New Hope, read the Declaration of Inde- pendence, and Dr. C. Soule Cartee," principal of the "' In 1838, at the instance of several prominent gentlemen of the county, the Legislature incorporated the " Ingham Female Seminary," named after the Hon. Samuel D. Ingham. A frame building was erected in Doylestown, at the corner of Broad and Mechanic streets, and a. boarding and day school opened in it. -Dr C. Soule Cartee, of Boston, was called to take charge in 1839. - Dr. Cartee, of" Huguenot extraction, was born at Providence, Rhode Island, in 1806, but spent his boyhood in Baltimore, Maryland. He graduated at Brown University, studied medicine, but, on 30 THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS, Ingham Female Seminary, Doylestown, delivered the oration. At what place the company had its quarters, for armory and business purposes, on its organization, is not known, but probably at Field's tavern, as it was there in 1838 and 1839. I" June, 1842, applica- tion was made to the trustees of the Union Academy"'^ for permission to fit up an armory in that building, which was granted, and subsequent meetings were held there. Meanwhile another change had taken place in the commissioned officers. Captain Dun- gan having removed from the county, resigned in account of delicate health, turned his attention to teaching instead of the practice of his profession. The school received a small appropriation from the state, for a few years. Dr. Cartee left in 1843, returning to Boston. He spent the remainder of his life in Charlestown, Massachusetts, being librarian of the public library, several years, and died from a fall in the v^inter of 1886. After Dr. Cartee left no further attempt was made to maintain a boarding school. The building was sold and removed a. few years ago ; and the Presbyterian congregation is building a parsonage on its site. 82 The Union Academy, Doylestown, was erected in 1804, partly by sub- scription and partly by lottery, authorized by Act of Assembly, passed in February, 1805. In 1809 the Assembly was asked for and made an ap- propriation to finish it. When the building was ready for occupancy, Rev. Uriah DuBois, the Presbyterian pastor at Deep Run, was asked to be- come the principal, which he accepted, and the same year he removed from Dublin to Doylestown, to take charge of it. He continued principal of the academy, having special charge of the classical department, until his death, in 1821. In 1806 the patrons of the school supplied it with fire- wood. Since the foundation of the academy some men of celebrity have kept in it, of which were the Revs. Samuel Aaron, Robert P. DuBois, D. D. and Silas M. Andrews, D. D. It is now occupied by the borough schools. THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. 3 1 the summer of 1842, and an election was held the 1 5th of August, to fill the vacancy, when the follow- ing were chosen : Captain, John B. Pugh ; first lieutenant, John S. Bryan ; second lieutenant, John Seitzinger ; third lieutenant, Henry Hory. The new captain appointed Charles H. Mann, orderly sergeant. At the monthly meeting, held the 20th, on motion of Captain Pugh, the following resolutions were unanimously adopted : Resolved, That the Grays entertain a just regard for the services rendered the company by its late captain, Pugh Dungan, from its organization, which was effected in a great measure by his exertions, down to the time of his resignation, and that he bears with him, in his retirement from the command, the best wishes for his future prosperity and use- fulness." '■'■Resolved, That the secretary communicate a copy of the above to Captain Dungan." CHAPTER IJ. In August, 1842, a military encampment was held at Easton/ Northampton county, where a force of several hundred men were under canvas for a week. The camp wasprojectedby the two volunteer compa- nies at Easton, and several from neighboring counties were invited to participate. Among these was the Doylestown Grays, which accepted the invitation at a special meeting, held the 6th of August. The en- campment was called "Camp Delaware,"^ and was 1 Easton, the county seat of Northampton, and one of the most flourish- ing; towns in Eastern Pennsylvania, is situated at the confluence of the Lehigh and Delaware. In olden times it was called "Forks of Delaware." The town was surveyed and laid out in 1750, by Nicholas Scull, and called Easton, after the seat of Lord Pomfret, of Northampton, England, the father-in-law of Thomas Penn. The first building erected where Easton stands was David Martin's ferry house, in 1739. Several Indian treaties were made there. It was the place of ren- dezvous of Sullivan's army previous to his march into the country of the Six Nations, in 1779. Easton is the seat of Lafayette College. The dis- tance from Doylestown is thirty miles. 2 The newspapers of the day, published at Easton, have but a brief ac- count of this encampment. The author was present and remembers it as a very pleasant affair. The location was on Metlar's farm, on the south side of the Lehigh, and adjoining the field, the tents were pitched in, was a fine wood, clear of underbrush, that furnished all the shade required, and con- venient to good water. It was visited by thousands of people, and there was a good turnout of the military. THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. 33 commanded by General George Cadwallader," of Philadelphia. As the time approached, the Grays made the necessary arrangements to go to camp. As the members of the company wished to appear, and dis- charge their duties, as well as other organizations, there were some extra drilling and furbishing up of uniforms and equipments. In the matter of expense, the cost, per man, for the whole trip, was figured down to $4.50, to be paid to the treasurer before starting. The time was looked forward to with great interest, for in that day the encampment of our volunteer soldiery was not as frequent as now. The eventful Monday morning arrived when the coWipany was to start. It met early at the armory, with thirty-two rank and file and three commissioned officers, Captain Pugh in command. Leaving town at 7 o'clock, the company was driven to Lumberville,' on the Delaware, in wagons, where it embarked on a passenger canal boat, and * George Cadwallader was the son of General Thomas Cadwallader, of Philadelphia, and the grandson of General John Cadwallader, of Revolu- tionary fame. He was prominent in military affairs in the city, and, when a young man, commanded a crack volunteer company. He served in the war with Mexico, with the rank of brigadier general, and in General Patter- son's army in the Shenandoah Valley, in the summer of 1861, with the same rank. He was born in 1806, and died in 1879. * Lumberville is a small post village on the Delaware, in Solebury town- ship, nine miles from Doylestown. 34 THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. proceeded up the "big ditch'" to the seat of war. It was an all-day trip. As the boat glided up the smooth canal, the silence of river and hills was broken by the nnusic of the drum and fife, and the softer strains of Preston Jones' bugle. Reaching Easton, about dark, the Grays was escorted out to camp by Captain Buttz's" company and took posses- sion of their tents, already pitched. The company remained in camp the whole week, returning home Saturday evening, and there is no doubt they dis- charged their duties with fidelity, and came back wiser in military knowledge. The excursion, for such it was called, was greatly enjoyed by all. Abraham Garron' accompanied the company to Easton as sutler. He drove up in a wagon, loaded 5 The " big: ditch ■' is the Delaware Division canal, constructed by the State in 1827-32. Ground was broken at Bristol, October 28, 1827, after prayer, and an address by Peter A. Brown, Esq., of Philadelphia. The first barrow of earth was dug by George Harrison, of this county, and Peter Ihrie, of Easton. A procession of several hundred persons marched to the spot, and, after the ceremony was over, one hundred sat down to a dinner provided by JNIr. Bessonett. The basin at Bristol was fin- ished in August. 1830. The canal was formally opened from Bristol to New Hope, December 7th, 1830, when a boat filled with excursionists passed between these points, and there was a public dinner with .speeches at Bristol. " Daniel Buttz, of Easton, owned a saw mill on one of the water courses contiguous to the town. With his subsequent history 1 am not familiar. ' Abraham Garron, the son of William Garron, was born in Easton, Pa., and learned the trade of bricklaying. He worked in New York from 1834 to 1839, when he came to Doylestown, settled and married, and has lived here from that time. He accompanied the Easton companies to Philadelphia, in 1824. to assist in the welcome to General Lafayette. THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. 35 with those luxuries that most do tickle a soldier's palate, and opened his stand in camp. In his old age he talks about the trip with great pleasure. At the first meeting of the company, after its return, the following resolution was passed : Resolved, That a vote of thanks be tendered to the committee of arrangements, of Camp Delaware, to Captains Yohe* and Reeder," for the unremitted at- tention and courtesy manifested to the corps during their late visit to camp, and that the secretary for- ward a copy to the committee of arrangements and to Captains Yohe and Reeder. About this time Captain Pugh presented the com- pany a silver medal, to be fired for, periodically, the best shot to carry off the prize. The first target practice, we find a record of, was held the 15th of October, 1842, when the medal was won by Enoch H. Shearer,'" of Doylestown. One of the judges was 8 Samuel Yohe was a merchant, of Easton, who took great interest in military affairs. At the breaking out of the War of the Rebellion, he en- tered the military service and commanded the First Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers in the three months campaign in the Valley of the Shenandoah. * Andrew H. Reeder was a native of Easton, and became a prominent member of that bar. He was appointed Governor of Kansas, by President Buchanan, but failing to reconcile the conflicting political elements on the slavery question, he left the Territory. This episode changed his views of politics, and, from being a strong and active Democrat, he became a warm Republican. He died at Easton soon after the close of the war. '" Enoch H. Shearer, the son of Conard Shearer, was born in Doyles- town. He learned the trade of his father, harness-maker, and carried it on for years. He was postmaster of Doylestown during President Lin- coln's administration, and died shortly ^fter the war. 36 THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. Colonel David Marple," of Warminster township, who presented the medal to the winner, in a neat speech, said it was to be fired for once in twelve months, and carried by the winner until again fired for and won by another. The company made but little history during the winter of 1842-43, and left no record outside of routine business. In the spring of 1843, there were some changes in, and additions to, the uniform and equipments of the company. At a meeting, held the 8th of April, the following equipments were ordered to replace those then in use but worn : " Deep yellow counterstrap, one and a half inches wide down the leg of the pantaloons ; small leather cartridge box to contain nine cartridges, body belts, cross belts and gun straps, white webbing, white gloves." The Liberty Guards," a volunteer company corn- el David Marple, the son of Nathan and Elizabeth Yerkes Marple, was born at Hatboro, Montgomery county, in 1795. He was of Welsh descent, the family settling in Delaware county, Pa., on coming to America. He settled in Warminster township, Bucks county, soon after his marriage, in 1817, and spent the greater part of his life there, removing to Kansas soon after the close of the War of the Rebellion, where he died in 1878. He was orderly sergeant of a volunteer company in the campaign on the lower Delaware, in 1S14, and was active in military affairs, reaching the rank of colonel of militia. He was register of wills of the county, and held other civil appointments. He furnished five sons to fight for the Union in the War of the Rebellion, two dying in service. 12 The Liberty Guards, attached to the First Regiment Bucks County Volunteers, was organized about sixty years ago. Its first captain was THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. 37 posed mainly of young men from the townships of Northampton, Southampton and Warminster, and commanded by Captain Hugh Thompson/^ invited the Grays to parade with it the 30th of April. The meeting place was probably the Bear tavern/* where the Guards generally met for drill. The Grays accepted and were treated by the host com- pany right royally. On the loth of May following, the Grays went down to Addisville to meet the First Regiment Bucks County Volunteers, com- manded by Colonel Thomas Purdy. The company probably Hug^h Thompson. It was the first military organization the author belonged to, joining it in 1839, before he was out of his teens. The company was disbanded before the War of the Rebellion. 13 Hugh Thompson, prominent in military affairs, and who rose to the rank of major, was the son of Robert Thompson, of Northampton town- ship, Bucks county, Pa., and was born in 1805. The family settled in the county early. He carried on the milling business at the Chain Bridge, several years ; then removed to Philadelphia ; afterward returned to Bucks and bought a farm in his native township, where he died about 1S77. 1* The Black Bear, many years a celebrated local inn, and still a li- censed house, is in Northampton towns^hip, Bucks county, at what is now Richborough. In early days it was called "Bennett's" and " Leedom's,'' after the name of the landlords ; and it was hard to give up the old tavern name and yield to that given the post office. The first tavern was a little log building that stood at the junction of the roads, not far from the site of the present one. The "bear" was early made choice of for a tavern sign. For centuries the "Bear" was a celebrated tavern at the foot of London bridge, and, in the time of Richard III., it was the re- sort of aristocratic pleasure seekers. There were also inns, in London, called the " Black Bear." Our Black Bear was a famous place for military trainings a half century ago, and was also headquarters for the local poli- ticians for miles around. 38 THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. assembled at Jamison's Corner," at 9 o'clock, and was driven down in wagons, returning to Doyles- town the same evening. At a meeting of the company, held the evening of the I2th of June, 1843, "o doubt in the Armory in the academy, the following resolution was adopted : Resolved, That measures be taken to form a bat- talion, composed of the Doylestown Grays, Keystone Riflemen" and Independent Rifle Greens." On motion the further consideration of the ques- tion was postponed until Saturday evening, the 17th, 1* Jamison's Corner, now called Jamison, is a cross-roads village in Warwick township, Bucks county, at the crossing of the York and Poor House roads. The l"amily, from which the locality takes its name, of Scotch origin and Presbyterian in faith, came into the township about 1725; Henry, the head of the house, taking up a thousand acres in this and the adjoining township of Northampton. 13 The Keystone Riflemen was organized about 1840, probably a year or two earlier, and was composed of young men of Doylestown and neighbor- ing townships. Jonathan Conard, of Buckingham, was captain in 1S41, and Isaac McCarty orderly sergeant. The company met, Saturday, 17th of May, that year at Centreville, for drill, at the public house of the orderly ; and the isth of August, 1842, it met, for the election of officers, at Asher Cox's tavern, Bushington. >' The Independent Rifle Greens was organized about the time of the Keystone Riflemen. The members were principally from Hilltown and New Britain. George W. Jones, of Hilltown, the captain in 1842, was probably its first commander, and John Halderman was orderly ser- geant. The company met, for drill, the ist of January of that year, at the tavern of Cyrus Colton, of Warrington township. Jones was still captain in 1846, and I. O. Swartz orderly sergeant. The Rifle Greens partici- pated in the parade at Doylestown, September 1, 1846. Both the Key- stone Riflemen and the Independent Rifle Greens were broken up prior to the War of the Rebellion. THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. 39 This movement was successful, and out of it grew the " Centre Union Battalion," a spirited organiza- tion, in existence several years, and commanded by- Majors Charles H. Mathews and Charles H. Mann. At one time it was quite a prominent military body. For the 4th of July, the company declined an in- vitation to unite in the celebration held at the '* Pennsylvania Literary and Scientific Institute,"^* near Bristol/" Bucks county, and went to New Hope instead. , The two military encampments held in Bucks county, in 1837 and 1838, gave the officers and men such a taste for this diversion, that a third was pro- 18 This school was established by Captain Alden Partridge, one of the earliest Superintendents of West Point, at what is still known as " Bristol College," on the bank of the Delaware, three miles below Bristol. Near the close of the last century, the former governor of a Dutch East India island bought a farm and built an elegant mansion on it, which he called ** China Retreat." After passing through several hands, it was turned into a seat of learning in 1833; organized as Bristol College, under the patron- age of the Episcopal church, and additional buildings erected. It ran its course in a few years. Captain Partridge opened his military school in the original building in 1842. During the Civil War all the buildings 'were used for a military hospital. 1^ Bristol, the only port of entry in Bucks county, and one of the oldest towns in the State, is situated on the west bank of the Delaware, sixteen miles above Philadelphia. The site is on a grant of 240 acres Sir Edmund Andros made to Samuel Clift, in i68r. The town was laid out in 1697, and incorporated in 1720, by letters patent from the crown. The popula- tion is nearly 6,000. It contains a bank, several churches, and a number of industrial establishments. The New York Division, Pennsylvania rail- road, runs through Bristol, and it is connected with Burlington, N. J., by a ferry, established in 1709. 40 THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. posed, in the summer of 1843, to be held in August. This was the most successful of the three, and of all the encampments the author has seen in time of peace, he recalls none that excelled it. It was productive of good to the volunteers. The camp was located half a mile southwest of Doylestown, on the right of the road leading to Castle Valley bridge ; was called Camp Jackson," and commanded by the late Major General John Davis. As the Doylestown Grays could not stay away from this genial, professional gathering, the company was out in full feather, and bore its share of the duties and responsibilities. The record book, under date of July 15, 1843, contains this entry: •' On motion, resolved that the company meet in Doylestown, on Monday, 21st of August, at 2 o'clock, p. m., for drill, and to proceed to Camp 20 Camp Jackson was on the farm of Joseph Harvey, now deceased, and at present owned by John Y. Smith. Thesituation is very eligible for, a camp, being high and dry, with an abundance of good water. The first meeting to arrange for the encampment was held at Tucker's tavern, Doylestown, June 3d, Colonel Joseph Morrison in the chair, the following companies of the county being represented : Union Troop of Cavalry, Washington Troop of Cavalry, Liberty Guards, Union Guards, Bucks County Infantry, Doyles- town Grays, Pennsylvania Hunters, Union Rangers, Washington Grays, Keystone Riflemen, and Independent Rifle Greens. It was resolved to hold the encampment at Doylestown, from Tuesday, August 22d, to Friday, August 25th, and General John Davis was requested, unanimously, to take command. A committee of seventeen, with General John S. Bryan as chairman, was appointed to complete the arrangements, at a meeting to be holden at the same place the 17th of June. THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. 4I Jackson, for a tour of camp duty during the con- tinuance of camp." The Grays was provisioned by a Mr. Hilyard, at the cost of fifty cents a head per man ; and the members were fined $2.50 each for absenting them- selves from camp without leave. During the en- campment, A. M. Griffith cischarged the duties of company quartermaster. Seventeen companies were present, including a battalion of four companies of cavalry. Strict discipline was maintained ; the drills and other exercises were constant, and the camp was visited daily by thousands of people. The author, then a young man, was drill-master of the troops, and gave them some other instruction. An Englishman, known as Colonel Thomas S. Stephens, was employed to teach broad and small sword exercise to the troops in camp, and was quite skillful with these weapons. He challenged Adjutant Davis, who had just graduated from the Norwich Military Academy, to a trial of skill, and the two went to a wood close by, where, in the presence of a few friends, they cut and slashed at each other ivith wooden broad swords. When exhausted they returned to camp. No blood was drawn. This was the last volunteer encampment held in the county prior to the great rebellion of 1861. Camp Jackson was highly spoken of by the pub- lic press and all who visited it. The editor of the 42 THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. Citizen Soldier,''^ a paper published in the interest of the military, who was present one day, said of it: " We were struck in our passage through the tents by their uncommon neatness and regularity, and an air of cleanliness and order reigned throughout. The streets were wide and well arranged, and, in fact, everything bore the most conclusive evidence of the skill and judgment of those on whom devolved the duty of arranging and laying out the camp. We have been in many camps, but we never remember to have seen one more beautifully planned. * * On the whole, the encampment was a splendid af- fair, and the order and discipline there displayed were the subject of general remark from the citizens and military, among whom we noticed many from our city (Philadelphia). The concourse assembled on Thursday was immense. Every village and ham- let, farm house and workshop, poured forth its in- habitants, the hardy youth, the decrepit old man, the blooming lass, and the aged matron, all crowded together to witness this grand display of the Citizen Soldiery, in all the pride, pomp, and circumstance of glorious war." 21 The Citizen Soldier was a newspaper published at Philadelphia, in the interest of the volunteer militia, by I. R. & A. H. Diller, sons of Adam DiUer, then adjutant general of Pennsylvania. The first issue appeared Saturday, January 7, 1843. Before the year was out the name Home Journal was added to the title. I. R. Diller afterward settled at Spring- field, Illinois, and became a prominent citizen of the State. During the administration of .Mr. Buchanan, he was United States consul at one of the German ports. THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. 43 For the next year and a half there is little in the company books worth recording here. The com- pany held its stated meetings for business and drill ; made an occasional parade in uniform, and took one or two excursions. On the 26th of April, 1844, an invitation was received to attend the encampment on the battle-field at Princeton," New Jersey, but was not accepted. The company turned out the 4th of July, to participate in the celebration at Doylestown, and, on the 3d of August, met the Washington Grays, and Rifle Greens, at Line Lexington." The first named company was organized and commanded by Captain H. G. Sickel," who entered the army at 22 Princeton, the seat of the College of New Jersey, is a pleasant post- vijlage of Mercer county, ten miles northeast of Trenton. A severe action was fought here, January 3, 1777, between the Americans, commanded by Washington, and the British, under Colonel Mawhood. Princeton is likewise the seat of a theological seminary, founded by the Presbyterians. The college buildings are numerous and handsome. 23 Line Lexington is a village of about fifty dwellings and 300 inhabi- tants in the southwestern corner of Hilltown township, on both sides of the Bucks and Montgomery line, lying in two counties and three town- ships. The tavern is built on the line between New Britain and Hill- town, and while the landlord behind the bar stands in the latter township, the customer, who takes a drink, stands in the former. The landlord sleeps in New Britain and votes in Hilltown. 2* Horatio G. Sickel, the descendant of Holland ancestors who settled in Pennsylvania at an early day, was born in Bensalem township in 1817, and learned the trade of a blacksmith. He carried on the business at Davisville ; removed to Quakertown about 1840, and afterward to Phila- delphia. He had a fondness for martial pursuits, and organized the Washington Grays soon after settling at Quakertown. At the outbreak of the Civil War he organized a company for the 3d Pennsylvania Reserves, 44 THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. the breaking out of the War of the Rebellion, and rose to the rank of brevet major-general. On the 26th of May, of this year, Samuel P. Hamilton" was elected treasurer of the company. The old treasurer's accounts were audited the 15th of June, by a com- mittee, when $54.61 were found in his hands; but the committee reported that the treasurer, who had acted as armorer, had a claim against the company of $73.87 1-2, money paid out for cleaning muskets and transporting them to places of drill, which left a balance due treasurer of $19.26 1-2. The report was adopted, and the money no doubt paid over. The company now sustains a loss in the resigna- tion of Captain Pugh, tendered in January, 1845. He was a cultivated, intelligent man, and highly re- spected by all the members. It wa.s accepted at a meeting held the i8th, at which the following reso- lution was passed : "Resolved, That a committee of three be appointed to look out for some suitable person for a captain of the company, in place of Captain Pugh, resigned." Messrs. Griffith, Mcintosh and Shearer were of which he was appointed colonel. At the expiration of his term of three years he raised the igSth regiment and served with it to the close of the war. He was an excellent officer ; was breveted brigadier and major-general for meritorious services, and is pensioned for his wounds. He held the office of United States Pension Agent, at Philadelphia, several years. 25 Samuel P. Hamilton, the son of Benjamin Hamilton, was born in Solebury township, Bucks county, Pa. He learned harnessmaking of Conard Shearer, of Doylestown, which he followed, and died here in 1S85. THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. 45 named for the committee, and, on motion, Charles H. Mann was added to it. At a meeting, held the 3d of March, the committee reported that all the gentlemen, nominated at the previous meeting, de- clined an election ; whereupon the brigade inspector was asked to order an election. The date is not given, but Charles H. Mann was unanimously chosen captain. His commission bears date March 10, 1845, and is signed by Governor Shunk."" Captain Mann tried to infuse new life into the company, and, to some extent succeeded. Among the new regulations was one that exempted the ac- tive members from duty after seven years service, when they became " honorary members," and were no longer fined for non-attendance. The company made its first street parade, under its new captain, the 26th. of April, and the same day had target prac- tice, Alexander Ely" winning the prize. For the next nine months the records are almost a blank, there being but two entries : 2" Francis R. Shunk, a descendant of an immigrant from the Palatinate, was bom in Montgomery county, Pa., Augrist 7, 1788. Brought up to labor, he devoted his leisure to study, thus acquiring a fair education. He filled several places of honor and trust, including secretary of the Common- wealth, clerk of the House of Representatives, and govemdr. He was elected 10 the latter office in 1844, and re-elected in 1847 ; but was stricken with a fatal disease in the first year of his second term, and died in July, 1848. i*' Alexander Ely, a blacksmith by trade, is the son of Charles Ely, de- ceased, of Solebury township. He has lived in Philadelphia several years, and is an invalid. 46 THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. "Saturday, July 5, 1845. — Quarterly meeting — ■ no quorum;" and again, "Saturday, October 4, 1845, — "o quorum." We are left to conjecture the means Captain Mann took, meanwhile, to raise the standard of drill and discipline. As he was fond of the military art, and a competent ofificer, no doubt the requisite steps were taken. The first business meeting, in 1846, was held Sat- urday, January 3d, with Captain Mann in the chair. It adjourned until Monday, February 9th, but there is no minute of this meeting. The next was held May 18th, and, for the first time since the company was organized, the country was engaged in actual war; the conflict with Mexico having opened at Palo Alto,"" on the 8th, followed by Resaca de la Palma,™ on the 9th. This infused new spirits into the company. Immediate steps were taken to change the uniforms from gray to blue, after the pattern worn by the United States artillery. The proposition was brought before the company at the meeting on the 1 8th, and carried, and a committee was appointed to wait upon the members and collect $5.00 from each toward a fund to buy the new uniforms. The 2a.2B Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma, the names given the first two battles of the Mexican War, are simple localities on the open prairie on the east bank of the Rio Grande. They were spirited contests, fought mainly with artillery, and the loss to the Americans was trifling. General Taylor had been down to Point Isabell for supplies, and was attacked by the Mexicans on his return to Fort Brown, opposite Matamoras. THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. 47 whole cost of the suits was $600, of which the mem- bers contributed $550, the captain giving the re- mainder. Before the next meeting of the company, events transpired that increased the activity among mili- tary men everywhere. Soon after the war with Mexico broke out, the President issued his procla- mation, calling upon the volunteers of the States to enroll and hold themselves in readiness for any call that might be made upon them. The Doylestown Grays caught the spirit this aroused, and took action accordingly. Captain Mann issued a call on the 27th of May, for a special meeting to be held the evening already fixed, June ist. The following is a copy of the call : MILITARY MEETING. The Governor of the State having issued his orders for the formation of SIX REGIMENTS OF INFANTRY, in pursuance of the requisition of the President calling upon the volunteers of the State to enroll themselves, it behooves every patriotic citizen to re- spond promptly to the call. A meeting of the Doylestown Grays will be held at the Armory, in the DOYLESTOWN ACADEMY, On Monday Evening, June i.st, 1846, at 7 o'clock for important busiiiess. It is desired 48 THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS that all, who attend (intend) to respond to the call of the President, will be present at that time and enroll their names as members of the company. The law requires each company to have, besides the commissioned officers, four sergeants, four cor- porals and sixty-four privates. The company will be •jniformed according to the United States army regulation. Each uniform costs, complete, $12.50 which will be paid by the government when the troops are mustered in service. Two specimens of uniforms,' artillery and infantry, will be presented to the meeting for their choice. N. B. — The volunteers, when called into service, will not be compelled to serve more than six months in any one year. {Signed,) Many Volunteers. May 27, 184.6. The company met the evening designated, at the armory. Captain Mann in the chair. The first business was the election of new members, and, on motion, the following were proposed and elected viva voce : Dr. George T. Harvey, Edward J. Fox,°° 30 Edward J. Fox is the son of the late Judge John Fox, of Doylestown. After finishing his education at Princeton College, he read law with his father, and was admitted to the bar in 1845. After practicing with his brother, G. R. Fox, Esq., of Norristown, a short time, he returned to Doylestown and remained until 1853, when he permanently located at Easton, Pa., where he is in active practice. He is at the head of that bar, and stands high as a man and citizen. This service in the Grays began and ended his military career. THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. 49 W. W. H. Davis, E. Morris Lloyd,^' Robert Evans/" Oliver Hendricks,^' Edward B. Moore/^ Enos Kulp/^ William Cox/" John Stackhouse, Louis Widdi- field," John P. Myers, Thomas Miller, Allen 81 E. Morris Lloyd was Ihe son of the late John Lloyd, and grandson of Enos Morris, Esq., of Newtown, who was admitted to the bar in 1800. He read law with the late Judge Fox ; began practice in 1848 ; settled at Doyles- town, where he died in 1874. Mr. Lloyd was active in politics ; was Demo- - cratic candidate for district attorney, in 1859, but defeated by James Gilky- son. He became a Republican in his later years. In the " emergency " of 1863 he was second lieutenant in Captain Hart's company, 31st Pennsyl- vania Militia, and served a short tour of duty. ^^ Robert Evans is the son of David Evans, a farmer and former resi. dent of New Britain township. He went to Philadelphia several years ago, and is now in the employ of one of the street railway companies. S3 Oliver Hendricks was a native of New Britain township, and a fence builder by occupation. 3* Edward B. Moore was born in Montgomery county, Pa., and, at the time of joining the Grays, was an apprentice in the office of the Day/es^ozun Democrat, the late Samuel J. Paxson being the proprietor. After he was out of his time he bought a newspaper at Norristown, changing the name to the Waichma7i, and published it until about the breaking out of the War of the Rebellion. During the war he was appointed quartermaster, and attained the rank of major. At its close President Lincoln appointed him an appraiser at the Philadelphia custom house. He held this office until 1885, and, a portion of the time, was editor and proprietor of the Republi- can^ published at West Chester, Pa. He is engaged in private business in Philadelphia, but makes his home at West Chester. 3* Enos Kulp was the son of Moses Kulp, of Doylestown township, and both father and son are deceased. 3B William Cox is the son of John Cox, of Doylestown, and learned the trade of wheelwright. He removed to Philadelphia, many years ago, where he follows his trade, 37 John L. Widdifield is the son of John Widdifield, a farmer of Doylestown township, who removed from Philadelphia nearly half a century ago. He became orderly sergeant of the company, but the 50 THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. Thomas/' Charles Meredith, Samuel Mosier,'' Wm. Kachline, Burroughs P. Rich," George Cope, Wm. Pettit, William Stackhouse, William Donaldson," George E. Donaldson, Isaac Lippincott,*"' William Vaux," James Abbot,''* Aaron Snyder/" Samuel Hartman, John Harton*" and Moses Kulp. records do not show the date of his appointment. In the War of the Re- bellion he was second and afterwards first lieutenant of company "C," f28th Pennsylvania regiment, and was wounded at the battle of Antietam. The family furnished three officers for the war. 3« Allen Thomas, the son of Abel Thomas, was born in Gwynedd township, Montgomery county, Pa. At that time he was living in Doyles- town or New Britain township, but his present residence is West Point, Montgomery county, and engaged in manufacturing lumber. 3" Samuel Mosier, the son of Abraham Hosier, of MorrisviUe, and, at the time of joining the company, was living in the family of Judge Fox, of Doylestown. He is at present an inmate of the "Old Men's Home," Philadelphia. ■"' Burroughs P. Rich was the son of William Rich, farmer and miller of Plumstead township. He lived many years in Philadelphia, where he re- cently died. ^1 A son of Captain Andrew Donaldson, and brother of George men- tioned in a previous foot note. He lives retired in Philadelphia. ■"^ Isaac Lippincott was a tailor, living in Doylestown, who afterward went to Philadelphia, but has long since passed from view. 43 WiUiam Vaux is the son of Richard Vaux, of Doylestown township. He moved mto the borough several years ago and carried on n successful grocery business, but has relinquished it to his son. He gave the name to " Vauxtown," a somewhat mythical village a mile southwest of Doyles- town. In 1863 he served a short tour of duty in Captain Hart's com- pany, 31st Pennsylvania Militia. ** James Abbott was a printer, who learned his trade in the office of the Doylestown Democrat. His subsequent career is not known. ■*= Aaron Snyder was a laborer. ■'^ John Harton was the son of Irish parents, who immigrated to THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. 5 I At this meeting two uniforms were exhibited to the members, for their inspection and choice, one of the regular infantry, the other the artillery. After the pros and cons had been properly weighed, the latter was adopted, and steps taken to have the com- pany in the new dress at the earliest possible mo- ment. The chair appointed a committee of three to confer with the Doylestown brass band on the subject of their attaching itself to the Grays. A meeting was held the following Saturday evening at the armory, when the committee reported that the band would attach itself to the company upon certain conditions, that were agreed to. At the same meeting the following non-commissioned offi- cers were elected: Second sergeant, W. W. H. Davis ; third sergeant, John J. Maxwell ;" fourth sergeant, Isaac Lippincott, and corporals, James America when he was a small boy, and settled in New York. He learned the printing trade there, and came to Doylestown about 1843, and took employment in the office of the Democrat, of which he was foreman when he joined the Grays. He was connected with that office, as com- positor, foreman and business manager, nearly forty years, and died at Doylestown. in 1879. Mr. Harton had considerable influence in politics, and was elected county treasurer, in 1S71. He was a man of intelligence and well read in the English classics ; and was noted as a wit and humorist by his intimates. *'' John J. Maxwell was the son of William Maxwell, who carried on the tinning business at Doylestown. He settled at Bordentown, New ' Jersey, and was several years a conductor in the employ of the Philadelphia and Trenton railroad. He removed to Trenton and kept the American house for a considerable time. He went into politics, and served one session in the assembly. He died recently. 52 THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. McCoy" and David Lewis." Sergeant Davis was elected secretary of the company in the place of Mr. Cox. During the summer and early fall, of 1846, there was much activity among the members of the Grays, with squad or company drills nearly every evening. A favorite place of meeting, to exercise the men in the school of the soldier, was on the broad pave- ments in front of the academy and court house, where a late hour frequently found these aspiring sons of Mars practicing their martial exercises, and not without profit. When the President called on Pennsylvania for two regiments of infantry, to serve during the war, a strong effort was made to have the Grays accepted. Recruits were called for, and the drum and fife and recruiting officers went into several neighborhoods to fire the hearts of the young men. The riches and glories of the Halls of the Montezumas were pictured in glowing colors to in- vite enlistments. The number required by the regu- lations was obtained, but the offer of the company was too late — the requisition was full. One of the most active in this matter was Dr. George T. Har- '''^ James McCoy was d shoemaker, of Doylestown. He removed to Norristown, many years ago, and died there. ^" David Lewis, a tailor, lived at Doylestown when he joined the com- pany, but afterward removed to New Hope, where he now resides. His son Joseph was a drummer in the band of the 104th Pennsylvania regi- ment in the War of the Rebellion, THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. 53 vey, of Doylestown, then a lieutenant of the com- pany. He opened recruiting offices at New Hope, Newtown^" and Attleborough," now Langhorne, and got a number of recruits. Among them was C. C. Cox/^ a youth of fifteen, of Doylestown, whose name does not appear on the roll. He afterward saw some of the actualities of war. There were regrets when it was known the Grays could not be accepted, 50 Newtown, one of the most pleasant villages of Bucks, is situated in the township of that name, fourteen miles below Doylestown, and ten from Bristol on the Delaware. It was the county seat from 1725 to 1812, when it was removed to Doylestown. It is handed down, by tradition, that William Penn fixed the site of this village when riding through the forest, by saying, " Here let my new town be built." While the Continental army occupied the west bank of the Delaware, in December, 1776, New- town was the depot of supplies, and Washington brought his Hessian prisoners-there from Trenton. 51 Attleborough, now Langhorne, called "Middle Lots" before 1700, and subsequently *' Four Lanes Ends," is in Middletown township, four miles below Newtown. The situation is eligible and the lovely country is seen for miles around. It is the seat of the Middletown Friends meet- ing. When the Legislature of New Jersey was driven from Trenton by the British, in 1776, it held a session at " Four Lanes Ends." 52 Charles C- Cox, son of William Cox, was born in Doylestown, but went to Columbus, Ohio, in 1857. He joined the Ohio State Fencibles, a crack company, and became proficient in drill. The Fencibles went to the front in April, r86i ; but the members of the company, who did not go reorganized, and in June were sent to Marietta, Ohio, to relieve a regiment guarding tressle work there. Mr. Cox was of this number. In September he was appointed adjutant of the 113th Ohio Volunteers, and served in the Army of the Cumberland until June, 1863, when he was discharged for disa- bility. He relinquished a profitable business to enter the service, and paid another person a large salary to take charge of it while he carried a musket in the ranks, and patriotism of a lofty character. Mr. Cox is in business in New York, but frequently visits Doylestown. 54 THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. but doubtless it preserved many lives to family and home. Foreign wars are especially destructive of life. The company held a stated quarterly meeting the 4th of July, 1846, at which it was agreed to meet the Diller Artillerists at Bushington," on Saturday, Au- gust 8th, and to parade ^vith the Centre Union Bat- talion, at Doylestown, the ist of September. The display on this occasion was quite a fine one, there being several visiting companies present, including Captain Kohl's," from Lambertville, N. J. The troops were commanded by Major Charles H. Mathews, and Sergeant Davis, of the Doylestown Grays, acted as adjutant. The line was formed on Court street, the right resting on Pine, facing east, and, after marching through some of the streets of the town, the battalion was conducted to a field, where it was drilled and reviewed. The parade attracted a large number of spectators." On the nth f> . — . — . 58 Bushington is a small hamlet on the York road, in Buckingham township, two miles from Doylestown, with a tavern, store, post office and a few dwellings. 5-1 George A. Kohl, born at Easton, Pa,, was the son of old country Ger- mans, but established himself in the brewing business at Lambertville, N, J., where he died in August, 1868. He had a taste for military affairs, and was a good company officer. Just before the war he organized a new com- pany called the " Lambertville Cadets," but did not enter the service. 55 The parade of the ist of September, 1846, is thus spoken of in the Doylestown Democrat of the 9th: "The military parade, which took place in this borough, on the ist of September, was in the highest degree creditable to the volunteers who composed it. The following companies THE DOVLESTOWN GUARDS. 55 of January, 1847, William Kachline was elected secretary of the company for the ensuing year. •were present : Union Troop of Cavalry, Captain Archambault ; Lafayette Blues, Montgomery county, Captain Williams ; Lambertville Cadets, Captain Kohl ; Independent Rifle Greens, Captain Swartzlander ; Nocka- mixon Infantry, Captain Thornton ; Diller Artillerists, Captain Grif- fith ; Doylestown Grays, Captain Mann. The Lambertville Cadets was received by Captain Mann, who escorted it into the borough. The Nockamixon Infantry was escorted into the borough by Captain Griffith^ The line was formed in front of the court house, about 10 o'clock, and ■was under the command of Major C. H. Mathews. The military now marched to a field on the State road, on the outskirts of the town, where they went through many military evolutions in a manner highly creditable to officers and privates. They were reviewed by General Bryan about half past one o'clock and about two, they left the field. The weather was fine and clear, but the heat was oppressive, and notwithstanding the companies were on duty not a great time, they were much fatigued. There was a large concourse of people in the town, which, has of course, received different estimates by different persons. We may safely say there were thousands. The military and citizens did ample justice to the well-loaded tables of our landlords, who made great preparations, and spared no exertions to have the best the land afforded. In the evening the Doylestown brass band gave a concert in the hall. The building was crowded and the musical performance proved highly satisfactory to the audience. CHAPTER III. Although the Doylestown Grays failed in the effort to be accepted among the troops called for, to march to Mexico to conquer a peace, the com- pany was not entirely unrepresented in that struggle. One of its members, Sergeant Davis, was fortunate enough to take part in it, and to uphold the honor of his old companions in arms. He left Doylestown early in September, 1846, for Cambridge,' Massa- chusetts, to enter the Dane Law SchooP to complete his studies, having recently been admitted to the bar of Bucks county. ' Shortly after his arrival, * A settlement was made on or near the site of Cambridge, Massa- chusetts, under the name of Newtown, by some of the first company of English colonists on Massachusetts bay, in 1630, The name was changed to Cambridge, in honor of the English university town, and the college established there in 1636. It is now one of the most flourishing in the country. The population is 60,000. Here Washington took command of the American army, July 3, 1775, 2 The Dane Law School was established in 1817. A professorship of law at Harvard was authorized in 1779, but the fund was not available until 1S15, and a professor was appointed the next year. The Dane pro- fessorship was established in 1S29, by the liberality of Nathan Dane, and Joseph Story, an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, was made the first professor on this foundation. The school was then named after Mr. Dane, its. benefactor. » W. W. H. Davis is the son of the late General John Davis, of Davis- ville ; graduated at the Norwich (Vt.) Military Academy, in 1842 ; was two years a professor in the Military Academy at Portsmouth, Va. ; studied law THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. 57 Massachusetts was called upon for a regiment of in- fantry to serve during the war. Among those raising companies was Charles A. Crowningshield/ an old acquaintance of Sergeant Davis, with whom he enrolled as a private, trusting to luck and good conduct for the promotion he coveted. Upon the organization of the company, young Davis was com- missioned first lieutenant and mustered into service. Lieutenant Davis was active in recruiting for the regiment, and, on one occasion, addressed a large war meeting in Faneuil Hall.^ He was in favor of the with Judge Fox, at Doylestown, and was admitted to the bar in 1846. He was a commissioned officer in the Mexican War. After five years practice at Doylestown, he spent four years in the civil service of the government in New Mexico. Returning home, in 1857, he purchased the Doylestown Democrat^ of which he is still proprietor. He organized the Doylestown Guards, the first company that went into the War of the Rebellion from Bucks county ; afterward organized the 104th Pennsylvania regiment, and commanded a brigade, of which it formed a part, almost to the close of the war. He was twice wounded, and breveted brigadier-general. In 1878 he was one of the commissioners to the Paris Exposition ; was the Democratic candidate for auditor general of the State in 1866, but defeated by General Hart- ranft ; candidate for Congress in the Seventh district, in 1882, and for con- gress-at-large in 1884. In 1885 the President appointed him United States pension agent at Philadelphia. He is the author of several books, including the " Spanish Conquest of New Mexico." ^ Charles A. Crown ingshield is a member of the old and prominent family of this name of Salem, Mass., one of whom was secretary of the navy. He was educated at Captain Partridge's military academy, at Nor- wich, Vt. He became captain of company E, and at the end of the war returned home. 5 Faneuil Hall, n. General Fisher practices law in Phila- detpliia, and is register in bankruptcy. ■• Sumter was a strong fortification in the harbor of Charleston. Major Anderson and his force withdrew to it from Fort Moultrie, on Sullivan's Island, and defended it until forced to surrender, April 13, i86r. During the subsequent siege of Charleston, by the Federal troops from Morris Island, it was nearly destroyed, and has never been rebuilt. THE DOVLESTOWN GUARDS. 85 town, Saturday, April 13, 1861. The next day be- ing Sunday, the 14th, the quiet of the Sabbath gave the people opportunity to reflect upon the peril that threatened the country, and on Monday they were ready to act. That morning, and before the Presi- dent's proclamation, of that date, had been received, or was known, at Doylestown, Captain Davis, of the Guards, issued the following call, the first in the county, and had it published in his own newspaper, the Doylcstoivn Democrat, and likewise circulated in handbills : MILITARY NOTICE. The members of the Doylestown Guards, and all other patriotic men in favor of maintaining the honor of the Star-Spangled Banner and the stability of the United States government, are requested to meet in Clemens' Hall, on Thursday evening, at 8 o'clock, to take such measures as may be deemed necessary, in view of the critical condition of the country. (Signed) W. W. H. Davis, April ij, 1 861. Captain. In consultation with friends, it was deemed best to change the place of meeting, and a general call was issued for the court house, the same evening, the i8th. Meanwhile the excitement was increasing, and the war feeling reached almost fever heat. Captain Davis had already offered the ser\-ices of his company 86 THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. to Governor Curtin/ of Pennsylvania, and on Thurs- day morning he received notice of their acceptance by telegraph.' The reception of this despatch in- creased the excitement, and the Httle county town was fairly alive with patriotic fervor. Music of the drum and fife was heard on the streets; snatches of the " Red, White and Blue," " Star-Spangled Banner " and " Columbia, the Gem of the Ocean," were sung at intervals ; and knots of men gathered on the cor- ners to discuss the situation. At the ringing of the court liouse bell, Thursday evening, a considerable audience assembled in the court room. The Hon. Henry Chapman, one of the most distinguished citizens of the county, and at that time president judge of the courts, was invited to preside, and, upon taking the chair, made a few appropriate and patriotic remarks. Captain Davis now stated the object of the meeting, and, unfold- ing a roll he held in his hand, with his own name already upon it, laid it upon the table and invited the young men present to come forward and sign it. s Andrew G. Curtin, a native of Centre county, where he was born in 1817, was elected Governor of Pennsylvania by the Republican party, in i860, and served two terms, to January 15, 1867, He is known as the " War Governor." He afterward joined the Democratic party, and served several terms in Congress, retiring; from public life in 1887. His conduct during the war gained him great honor. IL was to his wise forethought the country was indebted for the Pennsylvania Reserve Corps, which rendered such brilliant service. « Harrisburg, April 18, 1861. To Major IV. W. H. Davis : —Your company is accepted, and will await orders. (Signed) R. C. Hull. THE POVLEST(nVN GUARDS. '^J They responded in sufficient numbers to nearl}^ fill up the company before the meeting adjourned/ In the meantime speeches were made by George Lear, Esq.,* Colonel John Blair/ Nathan C. James, Esq., and Enos Prizer ;'" and the following resolutions were unanimously adopted : Resolved, That the citizens of Bucks county are hereby invited to assemble in mass meeting, in the court house, at Doylestown, on Tuesday evening next, at 7.30 o'clock, to take some action on the critical condition of our country, and assist in fitting out those who are about marching to its defence. Resolved, That the citizens of Doylestown, who remain at home, pledge themselves to support the ' Before the meeting adjourned, sixty-six names were signed to the roll, that of William Kachline, of Doylestown. standing^ next to W. W, H, Davis. ^ George Lear, the son of Robert and Mary Lear, and a distinguished citizen of the county, was born in Warwick township, in 1818. He worked as a laborer until he was nineteen, when he taught school for four years, and was then an assistant in a country store. He read law with E. T. McDowell, Esq., and was admitted to the bar in [844 ; was deputy at- torney-general from 184810 1S50 ; member of the Constitutional conven- tion of 1872-73, and attorney-general of the State from 1875 to 1879. ^^■"■ Lear died in 1884. He was an able lawyer, an excellent citizen, and k large-hearted man. 8 John Blair, a native of this county, was in the lumber and coal business at Doylestown, when the war broke out, but did not enter the military service. He removed to Ohio, about the close of the war, and from there to Kansas, where he lives, engaged in farming. He took an interest in military affairs, and was colonel of the militia. 1" Enos Prizer, a native of Chester county, was one of the proprietors of the Bucks County Intelligencer. He died at Doylestown at the close of 1864. 88 THE DOVLESTOWN CUARDS. families of those who shall volunteer for service, and that a committee be appointed (of which the chair- man of this meeting shall be chairman) to carry out the resolution. The committee was composed of Hon. Henry Chapman, Henry T. Darlington," John B. Pugh, Nathan C. James, George Lear and John S. Brown." The meeting adjourned with three hearty clieers for the Constitution and the Union. Captain Davis now invited those who had signed the roll, to " fall in" on the pavement in front of the court house, for a few minutes drill, which they did with alacrity. They were then dismissed. With those who signed the next day, the roll bore one hundred and thirty- four names ; but as only seventy-eight could be taken, a selection had to be made, no easy matter when all were so willing to go. There were many disappoint- ments in consequence, and some, who were rejected, actualh' shed tears." " Henry T. Darlington, likewise a native of Chebter county, and partner of Mr. Prizer in the Itilelligencer, purchased Mr. P.'s interest at his death, and conducted the paper until his own death, in 1878, dying suddenly. He was public-spirited and liberal — and died much regretted. '- John S. Brown, a native of Plumstead township, was proprietor of the Bucks County I?ttelhgencer several years, and sold it to Prizer & Darlington, 1855. He removed to Philadelphia, at the close of the war, and is an officer in the " Guarantee Trust and Safe Deposit Company." [BY TELEGRAPH.] " Harrisburg, April 22, 1861. To Captain W. W. IT. Davis : — Await orders. We may send you by way of Philadelphia. Have no arms here to give you. (Signed) A. G. Curtin, Governor. THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. 89 The meeting, as announced in the foregoing reso- lutions, was held on the following Tuesday even- ing, the 23d, when action vvas taken toward fitting out the company for active service. Judge Chap- man again presided, and made an eloquent speech on taking the chair, and speeches were made by Revs. Silas M. Andrews and William R. Gries.'* As the order to march might be expected at any moment, there was much to be done, and done quickly, to fit the men for the field. The most important thing was to organize the company, which was effected by the appointment of Jacob Swartz- lander, first, and George T. Harvey, second, lieuten- ant. This was done by the captain, as the emergency was too great to wait for the slow process of an election under the militia law. The appointment of non-commissioned officers was deferred until the captain had a better knowledge of the men. The lieutenants had been members of the old company. Captain Davis immediately instituted a thorough system of squad and company drills, paying particu- lar attention to the school of the soldier. Clemens' 1^ William R. Gries. the son of Dr. W^illiam Gries, was born in Berks county, Pennsylvania, in 1826. After his admission to the ministry, he was engaged some time in missionary work in North Carolina. He was called to St. Paul's Episcopal church, Doylestown, in 1855, and was its pastor until the fall of 1861. When the 104th regiment was organized, he was appointed chaplain, and served three years. His services were very valuable. He died at AUentown, Pennsylvania, in 1872, while rector of Grace church, to which he was called, in 1868. 90 THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. Hall made an excellent drill room, and there the company was to be found most of the time day and night, and frequentl)- until midnight, while it re- mained in Doylestown. The drill and discipline were both rigid, and I never saw a body of men so well set up in so short a time Wherever the com- panj' served, it attracted attention for its efficiency in drill and its soldierly discipline. Meanwhile, the citizens of Doylestown and vicinit)- were not back- ward in their duty. Money was collected and goods purchased, and the ladies of the town made up a complete outfit of underclothing for the men, besides supplying them with many other necessary articles. The company attended church each of the two Sun- days it was at home, before marching, the Presby- terian in the morning, and at the Episcopal the Sun- day evening before leaving. During this period the excitement was such that some kinds of business were almost at a standstill. "*-'"-" The anxiously looked-for dispatch from Gov- ernor Curtin, for the company to march, was re- ceived by Captain Davis, Friday noon, April the i5_ii!_i7 Meanwhile the following; despatches were received : Pennsylvanh, Executive Chamber, I Harrisburg, Pa., April 23, 1861. 1" Captain If'. IV. H. Davis — Dear .iz'r.---\\^e hardly know where we shall need your company. As soon as we can ascertain that fact you shall have orders to march. We feel the importance of having a soldier of your experience in the field. Respectfully yours. (Signed) E. M. Biddle. THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. 9I 26th,"' but, from unavoidable delays, it was not able to leave until Monday morning, the 29th. The members were notified to assemble in the court house yard, at 6 o'clock, a. m. They were there on time, and, in a few minutes, were surrounded by hundreds of anxious friends and neighbors to bid them farewell. After the Rev. Silas M. Andrews [by telegraph.] Hakrisburg, April 25, 1S61. To Captain IV. W. H. Davis : — Must wait a day longer. Will tele- graph you to-morrow when to march. Cannot to-day. (Signed) A. G. Curtin," Governor. [by telegraph,] Philadelphia, April 26, i86r. To Captain IV. 0'. JT. Davis : — Cannot say when ; if possible, to- morrow. (Signed) D. P. Dietrick. [by telegraph.] " Harrisburg, April 26, 1861. To W. W. H. Davis : — Reach Philadelphia, on Monday, in time to take 2.30 p. m. train, at nth and Market, for Harrisburg. (Signed) J. A. Wright. ^" A company of volunteers from the neighborhood of Doylestown, reached the city, this morning, about half-past nine o'clock. They are a. fine-looking body of men, and were all uniformed. — Evening Bulletiji^ April 3g, 1861 . 2" Captain W. W. H. Davis, &d\\.OT oOhe Doylestown Democrat^ arrived in this city, yesterday morning, with a company of eighty men, named the Doylestown Guards. This in the first company organized in Bucks county, and is composed of picked men. Captain Davis served with distinction in the Mexican war, and is a valuable officer; They proceeded to the house of the Diligent Engine company, where they were hospitably entertained, and afterward marched to West Philadelphia, where they took the cars for Harrisburg. They will report immediately at Camp Curtin, and hold themselves in readiness to march at any moment. — The Press ^ April jo^ 1861. 92 THE DOVLESTOWN GUARDS. had presented each man a copy of the New Testa- ment, and the last good-bys were said, the company was ordered to " fall in," and, at the word, marched off, the drum and fife playing a lively tune. The march through the streets to the railroad station was an ovation ; the whole population had apparently turned out, and cheer upon cheer was given. A large crowd had collected at the station, and, as the train moved off, with the Guards aboard, the cheers were repeated. The following is the roll of the Guards when it left Doylestown, the morning of April 29, 1861, and as printed in the newspapers of the next day : I. Captain— W. W. H. Davis. u. ist Lieut.— Jacok Swartzlander. 3. 2d Lieut. — Geo. T. Harvey, 4. Drummer — John Hargrave. 5. Fifer — William K, Shearer. 6. William Kachline. 24. William Augustus Green. 7. William R. Stavely. 25. Frederick Moreley. 8. Michael E. Jenks. 26. John H. Lewis. g. Nathaniel Hubbard. 27. Samuel C. Fussman. 10. Samuel Croasdale. 28. David Firman. 11. James D. Hendrie. 29. Moses O. Kulp. 12. Edwin Fretz. 30. James Reed Orem. 13. Edward L. Rogers. 31. Thomas Hart. 14. Edwin S. Darling. 32. Enos P. Tomlinson. 15. Julius Kuster. 33. Thomas F. Tomlinson. 16. Ira F. Gensel. 34. Lazarus C. Andress. 17. Christain K. Frankenfield. 35. A. Jackson Peirce. 18. Lawrence Frankenfield. 36. Joseph H. Harvey. 19. Charles Frankenfield. 37. John H. McCoy. 20. Eleazer Beal. 38. Thomas Brunner, Jr. 21. Levi H. Markley, 39. Francis L. Coar. 22. William Follis. 40. Samuel N. Garron. 23. Philip Hinkle. 41. Theophilus Kephart. THE nOVLESTOWX GUARDS. 93 42. George W. Emory. 43. John McD. Laughlin. 44. James M. Rogers, 45. Henry Hargrave. 46. Henry A. Widdifiekl. 47. Eugene Magill. 4S. William H. Anglemeyer. 49. William Walker. 50. Henry W. Haney. 51. George A. Everhart. 52. Jacob W. Glase. 53. W. W'arren Marple. 54. Laurence Rush. 55. Edgar Kibby. 56. Washington G. Nugent. 57. James M. Carver. 58. Jacob Clemens- 59. George Hart. 60. Samuel Hart, Jr. 61. Henry S. Service. 62. William Berkelbach. 63. Cephas W. Dyer.' 64. Charles W. Hoffman. 65. John S. Hogeland. 66. Stephen Townsend. 67. Edward S. Millis. 68. Jacob Fries. 69. 70. 71- 72. 73- 74- 75- William H. McDowell. George \\'. Sunderland, Wi,liam McCarty. W'illiam Peters. William H. Jordan, Emanuel K, CrouthameK William P. Heany. 76. George W. Garner. 77, William A. Shearer. 75. John Barndt. 79- John S. Hough. 80. J. \Mlson Closson. 81. Eli Hofford. 82. iMiles Williams. S3. Andrew Enders, 84. Abraham Maugle.^i ^' The great majority of these young men were from the borough and township'of Doylestown, and the townships adjoining. 1. See note 3, page 56. 2. Jacob Swartzlander, the son of John, was born at the old Swartdander mill, in Doylestown township, where he was brought up. After receiving a plain education, he adopted the occupation of school teacher, and was thus engaged at the outbreak of the Rebellion. He was a member of the company and active in filling it up. When Captain Davis received authority to raise a regiment, Lieu- tenant Swartzlander beij'an recruiting, and organized Company D, which he com- manded three years. He was occasionally in command of the regiment. He was badly wounded at Fair Oaks, by a ball passing through his jaws and carrying away part of his tongue. He removed to Omaha, Nebraska, soon after the war, where he still lives. 3. George T. Harvey is the son of Enoch, and a descendant of Thomas, Harvey, who settled in Upper Makefield township, Bucks county, in 1750. Enoch Harvey came to Doylestown between 1785 and 1790, and bought what is now the Foun- tain House, which he kept several years, dying in 1831. George read medicine 94 THE DOVLESTOWN GUARDS. and graduated, and» after spending a few years in practice, in Missouri, returned to Doyles:own and established himself as a druggist, which he has continued to the present time. When the War of the Rebellion broke out, he was one of the first to volunteer. He assis.ed to recruit the Guards to a war footing, and was com- missioned second lieutenant. On his return from the three months' campaign, he recruited Company E, of the 104th regiment, and commanded it for three years in the field. 4. John Hargrave, son of John Hargrave, was born in Philadelphia, but lived in Doylestown when he enlisted in the Guards, He afterward entered the 104th regiment and served an enlistment of three years as drum-major. He is living (1887) a: Nor:.h Wales, Montgomery county. Pa., following his trade, marble-cutter. 5. William K. Shearer, the son of Benjamin Shearer, a farmer of Doylestown township, was a watchmaker by trade, and carrying on business in the borough when he joined the Guards. He afterward re-entered the service with the 2d Pennsylvania Cavalry; was commissioned a second lieutenant, and killed at Malvern Hill. 6. William Kachline, the son of Samuel Kachline, of Doylestown, at one time a county commissioner, was a carpenter by trade. He re-entered the service by enlisting in the 8th Pennsylvania Cavalry, but did not serve long with it. He died at Doylestown m 1882. His name stands ne.:t to thai of Captain Davis on the original roll of the Guards. 7. William R. Stavely, son of the late William Stavely, of Solebury township, Bucks county, is a graduate of Jefferson Medical College, and was a practicing physician when he enlisted in the Doylestown Guards. He re-entered the service as surgeon of the 103d Pennsylvania regiment, and was discharged November 20, 1862. He follows his profession at his old home in Solebury. 8. Michael E. Jenks is the son of the late Judge Michael H. Jenks, of Newtown, Bucks county. He served with the 104th as wagon master, and afterward in the 19th Veteran Reserves as lieutenant and quartermaster. He is special examiner in the Pension Bureau. 9. Nathaniel Hubbard, several times elected high constable of Doylestown, lived and died here. He enlisted in Company A, 104th, but was discharged for disability in 1862. He agam enlisted in August, the same year, tor a short service. 10. Samuel Croasdale, the son of William and Sarah Croasdale, was born in Warminster township, Bucks county, the 23d of August, 1837. He was educated at the Tenant School, Hartsville, and became proficient in mathematics and the classics. He chose the law as his profession ; entered his name in the office of George Hart, Esq., Doylestown; was admitted to the bar September 19th, i860, and practiced until the outbreak of the war. He was one of the first to volunteer, and signed the roll of the Doylestown Guards at the meeting in the court house, the evening of April iSth. After he was discharged from the three months' ser- vice, he recruited Company C, 128th regiment; was appointed colonel, August 28, 1862, and killed at the battle of Antietam, September 17th. THE rOVLESTOWN (GUARDS. 95 11. James D. Hendne, son of Dr. William Hendrie, of Doyles*.own, is a gradu- ate of Jefferson Medical College, but does not follow his profession. He served in the 104th as quartermaster; was badly wounded at Fair Oaks, and transferred to Invalid Corps, August i, 1863. Is living at New York. 12. Edwin Fretz was a printer at Doylestown. He enlisted in Company A, 104th ; was appointed sergeant, and 'subsequently commissioned second, and then first, lieutenant, and was mustered out with the regiment. Is living- in Philadel- phia. 13. Edward L. Rogers, the =on of General William T. Rogers, was born at Doylestown. He recruited Company A, 104th ; became its captain, and was pro- moted major on the death of Ma-'or Gries, mortally wounded at Fair Oaks. He was several times in command of the regiment, and during the siege of Charles- ton, S. C, was acting assistant ad'Utani-general on the staff of the commanding officer of Morris Island. After the war Major Rogers was appointed a clerk in one of the Departments at Washington, and died suddenly in Philadelphia, in 1873. 14. Edwin S. Darling, of Philadelphia, was keeping a shoe store in Doylestown when he joined the Guards. He enlisted in the 104th, and was appointed sergeant. In Februarv, 1862, he volunteered for the gun-boat service on the Mississippi, and died in hospital at Mound City, in 1863. 15. Julius Kuster, of Doylestown, was the son of a German who lived at Mos- cow, Russia, and died there. He learned prinimg in the Doylesto-wn Dejnocrat -office, and was one of the proprietors of the Democratic Standard^ established here in 1859. He did not re-enter the military service, and died in 1867. 16. Ira F. Gensel came to Bucks county, a few years before the war, from about Catawissa, Pa.; settled at Carversville and followed his trade, a shoemaker. He was next at Doylestown, working at his trade for awhile; then got clerical em- ployment, and was deputy prothonotary when the war broke out. He was one of the first to join the Guard?, and, when organised, was appointed company clerk. Soon after we reached Washington, Mr. Gensel was commissioned lieutenant in the regular army ; fell mortally wounded at Fredericksburg, and died December ^, 1S62, His remains were brought to Doylestown and buried in the cemetery. 17. 18, 19, Christian K., Lawrence and Charles Frankenfield, the sons of Isaac Frankenfield, were born in Doylestown township. Christian K. re-entered the service as captain of Company F, 138th; was wounded at Antietam ; taken prisoner at ChancellorsviUe, and confined in Libby prison. After his regiment was discharged, he commanded Company E, 45th Pennsylvania militia, in a thirty days' campaign, in 1863. He entered the service a fourth time, and served about four months as captain of Company G, igSih Pennsylvania militia. He lives at Doylestown and follows his trade, a carpenter, receiving a small pension. Charles did not re-enter the service af',er he was discharged with the Guards. Law- rence joined Captain Mann's cavalry company in the summer of 1863, which 96 THE DOVLESTOWN' GUARDS. went to Harrisburgr, but was not mustered in. The same morning these three brothers marched in the Doylestown Guards, d. four'h left home to enlist in a New Jersey regiment. 20. Eleazer Beal served in the 104th as a private, corporal and sergeant, and re- enlisted for a second terra of three years, shor.ly before the war closed. Lives in Philadelphia, 21. Levi H. Markley, of Hilltown township, enlisted m Company D, 104th; was appointed orderly sergeant, and commissioned second lieutenant. He was appointed captain ad South Carolina, a colored regiment, and transferred to it April 30, 1863, serving in that organization to the close of the war. He died several years ago. 22. When the Guards was organi'-^ed, William FoUis, born in Philadelphia, was learning house painting at Doylestown with John R. Torrence, He enlisted in the 104th, served three years and rose to the rank of sergeant. He has followed his trade since the war at Doylestown. 23. Philip Hinkle, the son of a farmer of Plumstead township, re-entered the service with the 104th ; was appointed a second heu'.enant of Company G, but resigned in 1862. Is living at Cincinnati, Ohio. 24. William Augustus Green, the son of a farmer of Warrington township, died soon after the Guards returned home, July, 1861. 25. Frederick Moreley was a young Englishman living with Mahlon Hall, a farmer of Plumstead township, when he joined the Guards. He re-enlisted in the cavalry. After the war he returned to Plumstead ; lived there a few years, and then went to Philadelphia, where he is engaged in the milk business. 26. John H. Lewis, fronj Philadelphia, was a fireman on the North Penn. rail- road, running to Doylestown, when he joined the Guards. I do not know his subsequent history, 27. Samuel C. Fussman, born afRouen, France, came to the United States when four years old. At the age of fifteen he came to Doylestown, and was working on a farm in the township at the outbreak of the war. After his dis- charge, he re-enlisted in the 88th, Colonel G. P. McLean, afterward commanded by General Louis Wagner, and was wounded at the battle of the Wilderness, May r2th, 1864, through both thighs and in left arm. He was discharged July 16, 1865. He lived several years in North Carolina after the war; then went to Maryland ; resided there eight years, and afterward spent three years in Colorado and Kansas. 28. David Firman was second lieutenant in Captain Kulp's company, 174th; promoted to first, and mustered out with the regiment. He lived several years in Doylestown after the war, and died at Horsham, Montgomery county, in 1886. 29. Moses O. Kulp, of Doylestown township, re-entered the service in the fall of 1862 ; became captain of Company K, 174th regiment, nine months drafted militia, and was mustered out August 7, 1863. Is living in Doylestown township. THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. 97 30. James Reed Orem was born in Warrington township, Bucks county. He recruited Company B, 104th, and served as captam ; was slightly wounded at Fair Oaks, and resigned in 1862. Is now farmmg in Virginia, a few miles from Richmond. 31. Thomas Hart, when he joined the Guards, was working in Shearer's jewelry shop, Doylestown. He re-entered the service in Colonel Morehead's io6th Penn- sylvania regiment; was wounded in the leg at Antietam, and discharged. He received a small pension, and died in Philadelphia, in 1872. 32-33. Enos P. and Thomas F. Tomlinson are the sons of John K. Tomlinson, for twenty years high constable of Doylestown borough. Thomas F. re-entered the service; was sergeant in Company E, 104th regiment, and served three years. Both live in Doylestown. 34. Lazarus C. Andress was a blacksmith at the Turk, Doylestown township, when he joined the Guards. He re-entered the service with the 138th Pennsyl- vania regiment, and was captain of Company H. He died November 12, 1863, of wounds received at Brandy Station, Virginia, November 8th. 35. Andrew Jackson Peirce is the son of Joseph Peirce, of Doylestown. In the "emergency" of 1862 he joined the 17th Pennsylvania militia, and served as second, and first, lieutenant. He lives at Norristown, and was conductor on the Stony Creek railroad until recently. 36. Joseph H. Harvey is the son of the late Joseph Harvey, of Doylestown. He re-entered the service in the summer of 1862 as a lieutenant in the 128th Penn- sylvania regiment. He lives at Doylestown and receives a pension. 37. John H. McCoy, the son of James McCoy, of Doylestown, served three years in the 104th, as second lieutenant in Company B. During the siege of Charleston, S. C, he served as a stafE officer for some time. He died in Doyles- town in 1866. 38. Thomas Brunner, Jr., was the son ot the late Thomas Brunner, of Doyles- town township. He did not re-enlist, nor do we know whether he is hving or dead. 39. Francis L. Coar joined the 104th, became a sergeant, and was discharged for disability, in 1862. He died at Doylestown, February 3, 1871, leaving a widow, who remarried, and is deceased. 40. Samuel N. Garron, son of William Garron, of Doylestown, but born in Philadelphia, enlisted in Company I, 104th, after the regiment reached Washing- ton. He rose to be captain after the old organization was mustered out, and the ranks were filled up with drafted men. Is living in Philadelphia, engaged in the furniture business. 41. Theophilus G. Kephart, the son of Abraham R, Kephart, was bom in War- rington township, Bucks county. When the 104th regiment was organized, he entered Company B, as first lieutenant, and served till the war closed. During 98 THE DOVLESTOWX GUARDS. his service he filled all the grades from private to, and including, colonel, except sergeant and second lieutenant. He was promoted to captain September i6, 1862. When the old regiment was discharged, and the ranks filled up with drafted men, he was commissioned and mustered as ma'or, heutenant-colonel and colonel, and was mustered out as colonel, the 25th of August, 1865. This is an exceedingly honorable record for a farmer's boy, who took up the profession of arms without previous preparation. He was slightly wounded on three occasions. Colonel Kephart lives at Chicago, and is in the employ of one of the railroads running to the Northwest. He was married in 1867. 42. George W. Emory, the son of Jonathan and Maria, was living with his uncle, John K. Tomlinson, Warminster township, when the war broke out. After he was mustered out with the Guards, he re-entered the service m the cavalry. After the war he went West, returned and married, and now lives at Hatboro, Montgomery county, Pa., in the employ of the Northeast Pennsylvania railroad company. His father died of cholera, contracted at the Bucks county almshouse, while engaged as a nurse, in the epidemic of 1849. 43. John McDonald Laughlin was a locomotive engineer on the North Penn. railroad, living at Doylestown, when he enlisted in the Guards. He re-entered the service with the 104th; was color sergeant; appointed first lieutenant, then captain, and finally major. Is still living. 44. James M. Rogers, brother of Major Rogers, was commissary sergeant of the 104th, but discharged in 1862. Lives in Philadelphia. 45. Henry Hargrave, the son of John Hargrave, of Doylestown, re-entered the service with Durell's battery, and served with it three years, when he was honora- bly discharged. He now lives in Kittanning, in Western Pennsylvania. 46. Henry A. Widdifield, the son of John Widdifield, of Doylestown township, was born in Philadelphia. He enlisted in the 104th; was appointed sergeant; afterward commissioned lieutenant, and promoted to captain. Is living m Phila- delphia. 47. Eugene Magil! was the son of Alfred Magill, of Doylestown. After the Guards was mustered out of service, he joined the Army of the Potomac m a clerical capacity and was with it on the Penmsula. A few months afterward he enlisted in the navy, and probably served to the close of the war. He died in Doylestown. 48. William H. Anglemeyer, the son of Samuel Anglemeyer, a former county commissioner, of Doylestown township, is a carpenter by trade. After he was mustered out with the Guards, he was sergeant in Captain Hart's company, 31st Pennsylvania militia, in the " emergency " of 1863. He went West after the war, and served an enlistment in the regular army. 49. William Walker enlisted in the i04Lh ; was a sergeant ; afterward commis- sioned a lieutenant, and served to the close of the war. He is now living at Parsons, Kansas, in the employ of the Pacific railroad company. THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. 99 50. Henry W, Haney, of Doylestown, enlisted in the 104th ; was commissioned first lieutenant, Company A; promoted to captain when Captain Rogers was made major, and resigned in 1863. He re-entered the service by enlisting in Com- pany K, 198th Pennsylvania regiment, September 10, 1864; was wounded, March 29, 1865 : discharged by general orders, June 6, 1865 ; died, October 9, 1877. 51. George A, Everhart enlisted in Durell's battery, recruited in connection with the 104th, and served nearly three years with it, when he died of disease at Mound City, Mo. 52. Jacob W. Glase was a tinsmith of Doylestown when he enrolled in the Guards. He enlisted in the 104th, September, 1B61 ; was sergeant of Company E, and rose to the rank of captain. Is living at Reading, Pa. 53. W. Warren Marple, son of Colonel David Marple, of Warminster township, Bucks county, recruited Company C, 104th regiment, and became its cap- tain. In July, 1863, while serving in South Carolina, he was appointed lieutenant- colonel of the 2d South Carolina colored regiment, and was afterward promoted to colonel. He was in the lumber business in South Carolina a short time after the war, but removed to Boston, Mass., where he has a job printing office, and lives a few miles out of town. 54. Laurence Rush, a blacksmith, re-enlisted in the ist New Jersey Cavalry, and is now following his trade at Willow Grove, Montgomery cnunty, Pa. 55. Edgar Kibby, who died and was buried at Washington, came from Frank- ford, but was living with E. N. Miles, a farmer near Davisville, when he joined the company. Nothing is known of his birth or boyhodd, 56. Washington G. Nugent was a native of Chester county, and a physician by profession. He was detached from the Guards soon after the company reached York, to accept the commission of assistant surgeon of the 14th Pennsylvania regiment. He was afterward surgeon of the 96th regiment. Colonel Cake, and of the 126th, Colonel Elder; and was surgeon in charge at Fort Delaware at the close of the war. He settled at Pittston, Pa. , where he estabhshed a large practice, and died in 1877. 57. James M. Carver, born in Buckingham township, Bucks county, and a car- penter by trade, was second, and then first, lieutenant in Company C, 104th. He was appointed captain in the 2d South Carolina colored regiment April 15, 1863, and with it served to the close of the war. He is living at Wilmington, Del. 58. Jacob Clemens is the son of Lewis Clemens, of Doylestown township, and still lives there. He served a short enlistment in the "emergency" of 1862, as sergeant in Captain Hart's company, but did not afterward enter the service. In ■ 1886 he was a candidate for State Senator on the Republican ticket, but defeated at the polls. 59. George Hart, the son of Samuel Hart, of Doylestown township, in early life associate judge of the county, was admitted to the bar in 1843, ^"d, when the war broke out, was practicing his profession.'-at Doylestown. He re-entered the lOO THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. service in the "emergency" of 1862, as captain of Company K, nth Pennsyl- vania militia; and again in 1863, as captain of Company F, 31st militia, and served from the 20th of July to the 8th of August. He died at Doylestown, 1871. 60. Samuel Hart, the brother of George, a farmer of Doylestown township, was first lieutenant of his brother's company, 31st Pennsylvania militia, in 1863. Is living. 61. Henry S. Service was the son of John Service, a famous stage driver, be- tween Doylestown and Philadelphia before the days of railroads. He did not re-enter the service, and died in Doylestown, several years ago. 62. When William Berkelbach volunteered in the Guards, he was a brakeman on the North Penn. railroad, and made his home at Doylestown. He did not re-enlist, but returned to the employ of the road, and was killed about Bethlehem several years ago. 63. Cephas W. Dyer, of Doylestown, wa? first lieutenant in Company C, 128th ; promoted to captain August 25, 1862, and to major in December, 1862, after Col- onel Croasdale was killed. He entered the service a third time, near the close of the war, as captain in the 213th Pennsylvania regiment. Is living in Philadelphia, 64. Charles W. Hoffman was born in Philadelphia county about 1837. He en- listed in the 104th; was sergeant in Company E, and mustered out with his regiment. He was frequently detailed on special service as scout and was quite successful in gaining intelligence. He lived at the Turk, a mile below Doyles- town, when he ioined both the Guards and the 104th. Now lives at Latrobe, Pa. 65. John S. Hogeland was the son of John S. Hogeland, a farmer of South- ampton township, where he was born in 1841. He re-entered the service in the 8th Pennsylvania Cavalry, Company I, and was mustered out AugTJSt ii, 1865, He was in several engagements, and was quite severely wounded at the battle of Chancellorsville, from which he never entirely recovered. His health gradually declined until his death, December 27, 1883, at Holraesburg, Pa., leaving a widow and two children. He was on the pension rolls of the Philadelphia agency. 66. Stephen Tovvnsend, a young farmer of Buckingham township, served three years in the 8th Pennsylvania Cavalry. Lives in Buckingham. 67. Edward S. Millis was a compositor in the office ol the Bucks County Intelli- gencer when he joined the Guards. He enlisted in Company B, 104th, and served three years as a sergeant. He is settled at Freeburg, Pa., and works at his trade. 68. Jacob Fries, son of Jacob Fries, was born in Doylestown township. The only military duty he performed after his muster out with the Guards, in July 1861, was a tour of twenty days as corporal m Captain Hart's company, m 1863. He is a farmer and still lives in Doylestown township. 69. William H. McDowell, the son of George McDowell, of Doylestown town- ship, re-entered the service in 1863, and served a tour of duty as sergeant in Cap- tain Hart's company. After the war he studied law and was admitted to the bar. He is now an employe in the Cincinnati, Ohio, post office. He was nomi- nated for probate judge a few years ago, but failed of an election. THE DOYLESTOWX GUARDS. lOl 70. George W. Sunderland, a harness-maker, of Newtown, re-entered the ser\'ice as private in Company K, 104th reg-iment, and served a three-years' enlistment. 71. William McCarty is a native of Nockamixon township. When the T04th "went into service, he accompanied the sutler, and remained with the regiment to the close of 1862, Is now living in Philadelphia. 72. William Peters is the only member of the company I am not able to account for. He belonged to Bucks county, and was probably a member of the family of that name living in Solebury township, 73. William H. Jordan was a young carpenter, working at his trade atDoyles- town,when he entered the Guards. Did not re-enter the service. Durmg the war he removed to Philadelphia and set up his trade, which he carried on for several years, and died there. 74. Emanuel K. Crouthamel was born in Bedminster township, in 1840, and ■was living m Doylestown when he enlisted in the Guards. He re-entered the service July 22, 1862, in Company K, ii6th Pennsylvania regiment, as first ser- geant. He was with his regiment at the battle of Fredericksburg, December 15, T862, and commanded his company after the captain was wounded. He was twice slightly wounded in the action, and was recommended for promotion for his bravery. He was transferred to the 21st Veteran Reserves, September i, 1863 ; served in it to the end of the war, and was discharged in 1865. He has been in the employ of the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western railroad since the war closed, and, for nineteen years, as local engineer on a passenger train. Mr. Crout- hamel lives at Scranton, Pa. 75. William P. Heany was a printer at Doylestown. When the 104th was organized, he enlisted in Company B ; was appointed orderly sergeant ; promoted zd lieutenant on the resignation of his captain, in 1862, and resigned in 1863. He followed his trade after the war, and at one time published a newspaper at Frank- ford, Philadelphia. Is living in the city and works on the City Item. 76. George W. Garner, born and brought up near Doylestown, was following his trade, stone mason, when the war broke out. He re-entered the service in September, r86i, by enlisting in Company B, 104th. He was discharged on the Peninsula in the spring of 1862, and died about the time he reached home. 77. William A. Shearer was a son of Isaac, and a grandson of Conrad, Shearer, of Doylestown, and was born here. He did not re-enter the military service after he was mustered out with the Guards. He went West and settled at Big Rapids, Michigan, where died about 1885. 78. John Barndt is the son of Aaron Barndt, who moved from Chalfont to Doylestown, in the spring of i860. Never re-entered the service. He is a machinist by trade, and had charge of the machine shop at Riegelsville, Bucks county, but is now working in Philadelphia. 79. John S. Hough, son of the late General Joseph Hough, of Bucks county. I02 THE DOVLESTOWN GUARDS. At all the stations on the railroad, between Doyles- town and Philadelphia, crowds of people were as- sembled, who cheered and waved flags as the train swept by. The company reached the city at 9. 30, and went immediately to the Diligent engine house, Tenth and Filbert, placed at its disposal while in town. After a generous lunch, served by the Misses Dunlap, hving next door, the company was marched to the Girard house, Ninth and Chestnut, then an unoccupied hotel, where the men were uniformed in gray, by Captain Gibson, ^^ U. S. A. It then pro- ceeded to West Philadelphia and took the train for Harrisburg." fe-entered the service with the 3d New Jersey Cavalry, in the fall of 1861, and was killed in one of the last conflicts south of Petersburg. The regiment was skirmishing, and it was young Hough's turn to stay in the rear with the horses, but he got some one to lake his place, went to the tront and met his death. 80. J. Wilson Closson was the son of George W. Closson, of Point Pleasant, Bucks county. Did not re-enter the service. He kept an hotel at Bristol, where he died about 1882. 81. Eli Hofford was from Plumstead township, and did not re-enter the service. He was elected county commissioner, in 1861, and tilled the office three years. Is still living. 82. Miles Williams re-entered the service, and served three years in Company A, 104th regiment. Was born at Doylestown and is living here. 83. Andrew Enders served a three years enlistment in the 104th regiment, as cor- poral m Company E. He is a baker by trade and lives in Philadelphia. He lived at Doylestown when he joined the Guards. Was taken prisoner at Fair Oaks, 84. Abraham Maugle did not re-enter the service, and died at Doylestown a few years ago. '■'2 George Gibson, a son of the late Chief Justice Gibson, of the State Supreme Court, was appointed military storekeeper in the army, with the rank of captain, about 1853. 21* Harrisburg, on the Susquehanna, .an hundred miles west of Phila- delphia, became the seat of the State government in 181 2. THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. I03 The trip to Harrisburg was without incident. At Lancaster," the Lancaster City Guards, Captain D. W. Patterson, ^^ got aboard the train, and shared the journey with us. Reaching our destination about dark, we were met at the station by Senator Mahlon Yardley,^^and Representatives Barnsley^''and Reiley,'" 2^ Lancaster, a handsome inland city of nearly 40,000 inhabitants, is sixty miles west of Philadelphia, li was laid out by Governor Hamilton, in 1730; became the seat of justice of Lancaster countj, in 1734, and was incorporated in 1742. It was an important point during the Revolution. The State Capitol was removed from there to Harrisburg^. ^^5 David Watson Patterson, a native of Lanca.ster county, Pa., is the grandson of a Revolutionary soldier, and the son of a lieutenant-colonel in the war of 1812. He graduated at Washington College, read law. and was admitted to the bar ; was a member of the Legislature, in 1846, and district attorney of Lancaster county, 1854-57. ^^ early had a taste for military pursuits. He was appointed colonel of the Sgth regiment of militia about 1850, and in the four years of his command its efficiency and discipline were greatly improved. He wab in the practice of his profession, at Lancaster, at the outbreak of the war; and, being of patriotic spirit, he equipped his company at his own expense. He returned to civil life at the close of the campaign in the Shenandoah Valley, and did not re-enter the military service. His subsequent career has been highly honorable. He was a delegate to the Constitutional Convention of 1873 i ^^(^ m the same year was elected associate law judge of Lancaster county ; was re- elected in 1883, and is now serving his second term. 2" Mahlon Yardley, the son of John Vardley, of Bucks county, was born at Yardleyville, on the Delaware, in 1834. He read law and was admitted to the bar in 1846. He was elected to the State Senate, in 185S, and served the full term of three years. When the 104th regiment was raised he assisted to recruit Company K, and became its first lieutenant. He served with the regiment until the fall of 1862, when, being in poor health, he resigned, to accept the office of United States marsha) of the Fifth district. At the close of the war he was appointed collector of internal revenue for the district. At the end of his term he resumed the practice of his pro- fession at Doylestown, and died here in 1873 27_2& John Barnsley, a farmer of Warminster township, was elected to the X04 THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS' of Bucks, find other friends, who escorted us to Herr's hotel where supper had been provided. This through with, the company marched out to Camp Curtin, two miles, and lodged the first night in a Methodist camp-meeting tent. As the boys lay down in the clean straw to sleep off the fatigues of the day, "with their martial cloaks around them," they not only thought of the girls they had left be- hind them, but of their mothers' soft beds they had exchanged for the " cold, cold ground." The next day the company was mustered into the service of the United States,^" by Captain S. G. Simmons, ^'^ Legislature on the Republican ticket, in JS58, 1859 and t86o. Asher Reiley was elected with him in the latter year, and served one term. Mr. Barns- ley is still living in Warminster. 2« At the muster-in each officer and man took the following oath : " I do solemnly swear, that I will bear true allegiance to the United States of America, and that I will serve them faithfully against all their enemies or opposers whatsoever ; and obey the orders of the President of the United States, and observe and obej" the orders of the officers appointed over me, according to the Rules and Articles for the government of the Army of the United States." 30 Seneca Galusha Simmons was born in Windsor county. Vt., in 1808. He was educated at Captain Partridge's military school, then at Middle- town, Conn., and at West Point, where he graduated in 1834, and was assigned to the 7th Infantry. He served at various posts and on different duties, including the Florida and Mexican wars, being promoted to captain during the latter, and at one time was assistant adjutant-general to Gen- eral Taylor. The outbreak of the Rebellion found him with his family at Harrisburg, on leave of absence, recovering from a severe injury. He was made mustering officer for Pennsylvania. Upon the organization of the Reserve Corps, he was commissioned colonel of the 5th regiment. The following is his War Department record : Entered the U. S. Military Academy July i, 1829; brevet second lieutenant, of 7th United States In- THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. I05 7th United States Infantry, an old Mexican War acquaintance of Captain Davis, and the following day arms were delivered to it. At this time the Doyles- town Guards was the only company at Camp Curtin in uniform. On the third day, the company was visited by Mrs. Chapman, wife of Judge Chapman, of Doylestown, and daughter of the late Governor Shunk, and was most cordially welcomed. The compan)' held a meeting at Camp Curtin, May 1st, Captain Davis in the chair, at which reso- lutions were adopted thanking the citizens of Doylestown for the interest they took in it ; the ladies, for their kindness in assisting to fit it out ; the members of the Diligent engine company, for the use of their hall while in Philadelphia; the Misses Dunlap, for their elegant collation ; Senator Yardle\- and Representatives Barnsley and Reiley, for their entertainment at Herr's hotel; and Enos Prizer and Dr. William Scott Hendrie, citizens of Doylestown, for their kindness to the company and the attention paid it after its arrival in camp. These resolutions were published in the newspapers of Doylestown, and ordered to be entered upon the journal of the company. Before leaving Camp Curtin, Captain Davis ap. fantry, July 1, 1834 ; second lieutenant, December 31, 1834 ; first lieutenant, January ig, 1837 ; captain, February 16, 1847 ; major, 4th United States Infantry, September 9, 1861 ; colonel, 5th Pennsylvania Reserves, June 21, 1861 ; killed, June 30, 1862, at the battle of Glendale, Va. Io6 THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. pointed the following non-commissioned officers for the company: Orderly sergeant, James Reed Orem ; second sergeant, Moses O. Kulp ; third sergeant, Edward L. Rogers; fourth sergeant, William R. Stavely, and corporals, W. Warren Marple,^Theophi- lus Kephart, Julius Kuster and William H. Angle- meyer. The Guards was not allowed to tarry long at Camp Curtin. On the 2d of May, Captain Davis was ordered to proceed to Camp Scott, York,'' with his own and five unarmed and uniformed companies from Schuylkill county. Reaching there about dark, the command was marched to the exhibition ground and quartered in the recently erected cattle sheds. It was the understanding with Governor Curtin, that these companies and four others were to be organ- ized into a regiment, to be numbered the i6th, and Captain Davis elected colonel. The company offi- cers, however, refused to carry out this agreement. They elected Captain Thomas A. Ziegler," of York, 31 York, the county seat of the county of the same name, was founded in 1741, and incorporated into a borough in 17S7. It is a large and hand- some town, situated in the midst of a fertile region. When the British army occupied Philadelphia, in 1777, the Provincial Congress removed to York, then called " York Town," 32 Thomas A. Ziegler was born at York, Pa., in 1824, and educated at Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg. He served in the ist Pennsylvania regiment in the Mexican war, reaching the rank of captain. Upon his re- turn from the campaign in the Shenandoah Valley, he recruited the 107th regiment, and died in service, from disease, at Warrenton, Virginia, July 15, 1862. Colonel Ziegler was a lawyer by profession, but his tastes were martial. THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. lOJ colonel, and offered Captain Davis lieutenant-col- onel. This he declined, as he was not willing to do a large share of the work, and hold the second place in a raw regiment. The State military authorities were so much displeased at this, the Guards was shortly afterward detached from the i6th, at the special request of the Secretary of War." At York were five regiments, numbering about 5,000 men, under command of Brigadier-General George Wynkoop,'* brother of the late Colonel Francis M. Wynkoop, who distinguished himself in the Mexican War, but they were wholly undisciplined and mostly without uniforms. The Guards had a hard experience at York. The exhibition ground was illy adapted to the purposes used for, and the quarters were not suitable. It rained or snowed for several days, and the camp ground was converted into a sea of mud and slush, where officers and men waded about ankle deep. Drilling was out of the question ; and the men, 33 This was told to Captain Davis by General Keim. '* George C. Wynkoop was the son of Nicholas Wynkoop, of Pottsville, where he was born, February 27, 1806. He married Mary Walker, March 24, 1831. He exhibited an early fondness for military life, and was con- nected with the State militia, as an officer of cavalry, for twenty years. He was one of the five brigadiers appointed from Pennsylvania, for the three months' service, lit the outbreak of the War of the Rebellion. After his discharge, July, 1861, he was appointed colonel 7th Pennsylvania Cavalry, and served in the Army of the Tennessee. He was discharged on surgeon's certificate of disability, June 25, 1863. Colonel Wynkoop is living at Pottsville, Schuylkill county. Io8 THE DOVLESTOWX GUARDS, sleeping in wet straw, and some even in puddles of water, fell sick with colds and sore throats. The sick list of the Guards increased so rapidly, Captain Davis applied for permission to remove the com- pany into quarters in town, and got it. A Mr. Rupp, a patriotic citizen, offered a comfortable dwelling for this purpose, and thither it was trans- ferred, much to the joy of officers and men. It stayed there four or five days, long enough for the sick to get well, the weather to clear up, and the authorities to put the camp in better shape to ac- commodate the troops. The old huts were removed, and new ones built on higher ground, with board floors and other comforts. When the company re- turned to Camp Scott, it found the situation much improved. The first Sunday, at York, the company attended church twice — at St. James Elpiscopal in the morning, and at Zion German Lutheran in the evening. Things, generally, were miserably managed at Camp Scott, and not much better at Camp Curtin. This arose, in a great measure, from want of knowl- edge. There seemed to be no head ; there was great want of system and method, and a shameful lack of discipline. At Camp Scott the officers were allowed to spend most of their time in town, airing their uni- forms and indulging in patriotic talk. Some of the captains and lieutenants were away from their com- panies half the time, which lost them the confidence THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS, IO9 of their men and ruined discipline. Few of the of- ficers, and probably none of the men, reaUzed the serious work to be done, before peace would again bless the country. The subordinates of the com- missary of subsistence soon learned the " tricks of the trade," and began to issue short rations. This was tried on the DoylestowJi Guards, and twice in one week fifty pounds of beef were withheld, but the orderly sergeant stood up for the rights of his company, and the would-be swindlers were brought up with a short turn. Much of the clothing issued was of an inferior quality, some of the pantaloons hardly wearing a week. Nothing more quickly than war brings out the cupidity of man. While the Guards remained at Camp Scott, the compan)- was drilled whenever the weather permitted ; discipline was maintained in spite of the looseness, generally prevailing, and the good behavior of the men was remarked by all. It was considered a pet company, and had more comforts than any other. On the 12th of May, Captain Davis was dined by the Worth Infantry, Captain Ziegler, the crack company of York, and presented with two large iced cakes and a couple of handsome bouquets. On the I ith of May, Major-General Keim"' ordered'" 35 W^illiam High Keim was born at Reading, Pa., in 1813, and educated at Mount Airy Military School, graduating in 1826. He entered the volunteer militia, and was active for thirty years, filling several grades and rising to the rank of major-general. He commanded several encampments, no THE D(3YLEST0WN GUARDS. Captain Davis, with his company, to convey the guns and equipments of the Ringgold artillery, of Read- ing", to Washington, by way of Philadelphia and Perry ville,^^ Maryland. They were mounted on and in 1844 was ordered to Philadelphia, with a portion of his command, to assist in puttine: down the riots. He was elected mayor of Reading in 1S48 ; to Congress in 1859; ^^'^ shortly afterward was chosen surveyor general of Pennsylvania. After the campaign in the Shenandoah Valley was ended, General Keim was commissioned by the President brigadier- general of volunteers, and joined the Army of the Potomac. He accom- panied it to the Peninsula, and was present at the siege of Yorktown ; but was taken sick during these operations and saw but little service afterward, dying the i8th of May, 1862. 30 Special Orders ) No. 61. ) Headquarters, Camp Scott, May 12, i86r. Tst. In pursuance of Special Orders, No. 9, of Major-General William H. Keim, Captain Wm. W. H. Davis will proceed to march through Phila- delphia and Perryville, taking the safest route to Washington City, and report to Colonel Cake at that city. 2d. Captain Davis is detached to take charge of the Reading Light Artillery, and guard it safely to Washington, and deliver the same to Captain James McKnight, By order of Brig, -General Geo. C. Wynkoop. (Signed) J. M. Wetherill, Captam H'm. IV. H. Davis. Aide-de-Camp. ^■^ Reading, the county seat of Berks, was laid out in the fall of 1748, by the agents of Richard and Thomas Penn, and became the county capital in 1752, when it had a population of 378. The situation is eligible, on the eastern bank of the Schuylkill, 52 miles northwest of Philadelphia, and has a population of about 50,000. It was named after the ancient borough of Reading, a market town of Berkshire, England. It is one of the most prosperous cities in the State, being the seat of extensive industrial works. 38 Perryville, an inconsiderable village of Maryland, is on the northern bank of the Susquehanna, opposite Havre de Grace. Its only importance was given to it by the fact that it was on the line of travel South, and at the crossing of this great river ; which is now spanned by a railroad bridge. THE nOVLESTOWN GUARDS, III trucks the evening before, and at daylight, on the 14th, the Worth Infantry escorted the Guards out of camp to the train, which got under way immediately for Harrisburg. At Goldsborough, seventeen miles out, a telegram was received ordering us to return ; a locomotive was pressed into service, and a little after ten o'clock the train was back in the station at York. On reporting at headquarters, Captain Davis was informed his route to Washington had been changed ; that as the railroad between York and Baltimore'" had been repaired, he would go that way, in company with the ist Pennsylvania regiment detailed to guard the bridges. We started about 8 o'clock that evening, the train with the regiment a little in advance. An immense concourse of people gathered at the station and cheered the troops as the trains moved off. As armed men had not yet passed through Baltimore since the riots of the igth of April," there was much speculation as to the re- ception the Guards would meet. ^^ Baltimore, the chief city and port of Maryland, and one of the most populous in the Middle States, is on the Petapsco at the head of Chesapeake bay. Its situation, on the line of travel from the North to the National capi- tal, and the railroads leading; south running into it, made its possession of great importance to the government. During the war a large per centage of its population was hostile to the Federal cause, and it furnished many recruits to the Confederate armies. For a time the government held it by force. ■"> The riot at Baltimore, the tgth of April, 1861, was occasioned by the attack of the disloyal element, of that city, on the 6th Massachusetts regi- H2 THE DOVLESTOWN GUARDS. Although the distance from York to Baltimore is but fifty-five miles, and the road clear of obstruc- tions, the train was twelve hours running it, averaging less than five miles an hour. The ride was fatiguing. The night was cold, and a portion of the men had to be on the trucks to guard the battery. The regi- ment was dropped along the railroad at the bridges, to within three miles of Baltimore. At Cockeys- ville," Hugh Horner, formerly of Bucks county, who kept an hotel at that place, came with his wife to welcome the company to the soil of Maryland. If my memory serves me, they did not come empty- handed, but brought along the wherewithal that makes a soldier's stomach glad. The train reached Bolton station, Baltimore, without accident, about 8 o'clock next morning." ment while passing throup^h on its way to Washington. Several were killed or wounded. U is a strange coincident, that the first blood of the Revolution was shed the tgth of April. After the riot, communication with Washington, through Baltimore, was cut off for several days. The population were hostile, and not brought to their senses until Gen- eral Butler was placed on Federal Hill, with troops and cannon. After the riot, and before the Doylestown Guards passed through, troops for Washington were taken round the city by water, some going by way of Annapolis. ^' CockeysviUe is a small town ju.st over the Maryland line, on the Northern Central railroad, and is without importance. ^^ Six field pieces, with caissons, belonging to the Ringgold Light Artil- lery, from Reading, Pa., which was amongst the first detachments that passed through this city for Washington, arrived yesterday morning. They were in charge of a company of infantry, from Doylestown, Bucks THE DOYLESTOWX GUARDS. II3 Captain Davis had orders to report to General Butler on his arrival, and, after giving instructions for the safety of the guns, started in a carriage for the general's headquarters. This doughty warrior was found on Federal Hill, in the heart of the city, within a strong earthwork armed with cannon and garrisoned by Massachusetts troops. The captain received no particular instructions, the call being only one of ofificial courtesy, and, in the course of an hour, he was back again with his company. Meanwhile a large crowd had gathered about the Bolton station. The appearance of Federal troops and cannon in that part of the city was a novelty at that time, and attracted great attention. Captain Davis had some misgiving as to the result of at- tempting to take the guns through the city, but, as he was under orders to do it, there was no room to hesitate. Horses were immediately hitched to the trucks that carried the battery, and the men stationed by the guns with their muskets loaded and capped. The distance to the Washington station was about two miles. The population was evidently hostile, but a wholesome fear prexented any violent demon- stration. The men shook their fists at the company, and the women made faces, while a few curses and insulting epithets were applied. But a single stone county, under command of Captain Davis. They were landed at Bolton depot, and proceeded through the city to Mount Clare station, and thence to Washington. — BaltiTnore Sun, Wednesday. 114 THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. was thrown, and that fell short of its mark. Only two national flags were seen flying. One fellow was so insulting to Sergeant Stavely and private Widdi- field they aimed their muskets at him, without proper thought, when he ran. At that moment the snap of a cap might have caused a bloody riot. The conduct of the men was admirable ; veteran troops could not have behaved better. They were perfectly cool and made no reply to the insults offered. When half way through Baltimore, a telegram was handed Captain Davis, requesting him to delay his march until the arrival of two regiments then en route to reinforce him. He considered the situation too critical to halt, and directed the railroad officers to hurry him through as quickly as possible. The company was accompanied through the city by Major Charles H. Mann, its former captain, but now a resident of Baltimore. Arrived at the station, there was little delay in taking a locomotive and steaming away for Washington, reaching that city about 4 p. m. The company marched down to the arsenal grounds, where quarters were already pro- vided. The officers at Washington considered the bringing of the guns through Baltimore very haz- ardous, and the company was given credit for it."-"-" ^3 The Doylestown Guards, under Captain Davis, arrived this afternoon, having in charge the battery of the Ringgold Artillery, of Reading. This is the first company which has arrived here via Baltimore, since the THE DOVLESTOWN GUARDS. II5 bridges were burnt. As they passed along Pratt street they were subjected to many insulting remarks. They were armed with Minnie rifle muskets, loaded, and would have fired if any attack had been made upon them . They are now quartered at the Arsenal. — Washington despatch to Phila- delphia Inquirer. ** The Doylestown Guards, Captain Davis commanding, arrived this afternoon, having in their charge the battery of the Ringgold Artillery, from Reading. This is the first company that has passed through Balti- more direct, since the burning of the bridges. The company, while pass- ing up Pratt street, were subjected to many insulting remarks, but no violent demonstrations were manifested except the throwing of a stone at the last division. The soldierly appearance of the men, and their de- termined bearing, joined with the fact of each man having his Minnie musket ready loaded, no doubt had a very salutar}' effect upon the excited people of that city. This company is considered to be one of the best disciplined companies in the service from Pennsylvania. — Neiv York World of May j6th. *5 Another Pennsylvania company, from Bucks county, arrived on Wednesday afternoon. They number seventy-four members, young men already well-drilled, and armed with the Minnie musket. They brought with them the Ringgold battery, four brass six-pounders. They wear the long gray overcoat similar to that worn by the 6th regiment. — Washing- ton Sunday Chronicle of May igth. CHAPTER V. The 25 th regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, known as "The Canmeronians," to which the Doyles- town Guards was assigned, consisted, originally, of five companies. The number was increased to seven, by forming two new companies from men in excess of what the regulations allowed ; to which were added three additional companies, the Guards being one. The regiment was organized by the election of the following field officers : Colonel, Henry L. Cake,' Pottsville ; lieutenant-colonel, John B. Selheimer,'' Lewistown, promoted from captain of the Logan Guards, and major, James H. Camp- ' Henry L. Cake, of Pottsville. entered the service at the surrender of Sumter with Captain McDonald's National Light Infantry; was elected second lieutenant, and, upon the org^anization of the 25th, was elected col- onel. He organized the 96th Pennsylvania Volunteers ; was commissioned colonel, September 23, 1861, and resigned, March 12, 1863. After the war closed he served one term in Congress from the Schuylkill district. 2 John B. Selheimer was born in Juniata county, Pa., August 18, 1826. He came of Revolutionary stock, his great-grandfather being a soldier in the Continental army, and his grandfather was with Perry at Lake Erie. He received a common school education ; then learned the tin and hard- ware business, which he carries on at Lewistown. He offered the services of his company, the Logan Guards, ten days before Sumter was fired on ; they were accepted the i6th of April, t86t, and reached Washington the evening of the i8th. He did not re-enter the service. Colonel Selheimer served one term as county treasurer, and was elected to the State Senate in 1884. THE DOVLESTOWX GUARDS. II7 bell,^ Pottsville : Edward P. Pearson, Jr.,* Reading, was the first adjutant, but, upon his appointment to a lieutenancy in the regular army, June 24, i86i,he was succeeded by Lieutenant M. E. Richards,^ Potts- ville, who served with the regiment to the end ot its enlistment. The five original companies of the 25th, the first to take up arms for the Union after the fall of Sumter, and are known in history as '*The First 3 James Hepburn Campbell, son of Francis C, and grandson of Rev. John Campbell, and of the late Judge Hepburn, of Northumberiand county, was born at Williamsport. Pa., in 1820. He was admitted to the bar in 1841, and located at Pottsville. He soon rose to prominence in his profession. He was elected to Congress in 1854, 1858 and i860, and took an active part in public affairs. On his arrival in \\'ashington, the 19th of April, 1861, he enlisted in Cassius M. Clay's battahon, serving with it until disbanded, and was elected major of the 25th, the ist of May. During the invasion of Pennsylvania, in 1863. he assisted to raise a regi-' ment of militia, and became the lieutenant-colonel. He was appointed United States minister to Sweden and Norway, in 1864, and resided at Stockholm three years. Since his return home, in 1867, Major Campbell has resided in Philadelphia, practicing his profession. * Edward P. Pearson, son of Edward P. Pearson, a member of the bar of Berks and Lebanon counties, was born in 1837. He was appointed first lieutenant, 17th United States Infantry, May 14, 1861 ; captain, August 16, 1862, and major, 21st Infantry, May ig, 1881. He received the brevets of major. May 3, 1863, for gallant and meritorious services at the battle of Chancellorsville, and of lieutenant-colonel, September i , 1864, for gallant and meritorious services during the Atlanta campaign. He was at Antietam, Gettysburg, and with Sherman on his march to the sea. At present Major Pearson is in command of Fort Sill, Indian Territory. 5 M. Edgar Richards, of Pottsville, was a private in Captain McDonald's company when- appointed adjutant. He re-entered the service with the 96th Pennsylvania Volunteers, and was appointed adjutant, September 23, r86i ; was aide-de-camp to General Bartlett, from June 14, 1862, to Sep- tember 21, 1864, and mustered out, October 21, 1864. ir8 THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. Defenders,"" were, Ringgold Light Artillery/ Logan Guards," National Light Infantry," Washington Artil- ^ At the close of the war, the five companies of volunteers from Penn- sylvania, the first to reach Washington after the fall of Sumter, organized an association called "The First Defenders." They meet annually to renew the memories of the war in speech and toast and song. Congress voted the members medals, and they occupy a highly honorable place among the defenders of the Union. ' The Ringgold Light Artillery, one of the crack volunteer companies of the State, was organized at Reading, May 4, 1S50, and James Mc- Knight elected captain. It was armed with four brass six-pounders, and had a full set of equipments ; was composed of an excellent class of men, was well-drilled, and had had the experience gained at several military encampments. Captain iicKnight commanded it from its organization until June 14, 1861, when he was appointed to a captaincy in the 5th United States Artillery. He was succeeded by Captain George W. Durell, who afterward recruited a battery in connection with the ro4th regiment. Captain McKnight was born in Reading, March 20, 1820, and is now living in that city. The Doyletitown Guards conveyed the guns and equip- ments of this battery from York, Fa., to Washington. The battery does not now exist as an organization, but the surviving members hold an annual reunion. « The Logan Guards, of Levvistown, Pa., was organized July, 1858, and John B. Selheimer elected captain, and commissioned the 7th of August. The company met for drill once a. month, and participated in the volunteer encampments at Lewistown, in 1859. ^-^id at Huntingdon, in i860. It participated in the inauguration of Governor Curtin, January, 1861, and in the reception of President-elect Lincoln, at Harrisburg, the 22d of February, following. At the close of the three months' service it was reorganized under Captain J. A. Mathews, joining the 46th regiment and served to the close of the war. » The National Light Infantry, of Pottsville, was organized in 1831. It had had several captains, meanwhile, but, at the outbreak of the war, was commanded by Captain Edmund McDonald. The company w^as in good condition as to drill and discipline, and when Sumter was surrendered, immediately offered its services. Its organization was continued after the three months service, and it became Company A, 96th regiment. THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. I IQ lery," and Allen Rifles.*' They were lettered in the line of the regiment A, B, C, E, and H. They reached Harrisburg the evening of the 17th of April and were mustered in the next morning, by Captain Seneca G. Simmons. They took the cars for Wash- ington immediately, and arrived there that evening. They were subjected to many insults in passing through Baltimore, but had no conflict with the angry populace. These five companies carried about fifty muskets. The Guards was known in the regi- ment as Company I. When the Doylestown Guards joined the regiment, at Washington, Companies E and H were on duty at Fort Washington,''' on the Maryland side of the '0 The Washington Artillery, likewise of Fottsville, was organized July, 1842, by James Nagle, who was elected captain, and was afterward brigadier-general of volunteers. It served in the Mexican War as Com- pany B, ist regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, commanded by Colonel Francis M. Wynkoop, formerly a private in the company. The organiza- tion and drill of the company were maintained after their return from Mexico, and the War of the Rebellion found it prepared to re-enter the service under Captain James Wren. 11 The Allen Rifies, the youngest of the companies composing "The First Defenders," was organized at AUentown, by Thomas Yeager, a lumber merchant of that town, when news was received of the fall of Fort Sumter. He was elected captain. After his return from the three months' service, Captain Yeager assisted to organize the 53d regiment, and was elected major the 7th of November, i86t. He was killed at Fair Oaks, June I, 1862. 13 Fort Washington, on the east bank of the Potomac, twenty miles below Washington City, is an old-fashioned case-mate work, built of brick, with a ditch. It was put in order at the outbreak of the war, newly armed and supplied with a garrison, but was not called upon to take part in the hostilities. The old fort did its duty by keeping watch and ward. I20 THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. Potomac, a few miles down the river, where, with Company B, which joined them, they served out their term of enlistment ; Companies A and C were on duty at the Washington arsenal," and, with the exception of a few days, remained there until their term was about to expire. The remaining companies were encamped on the arsenal grounds until they took the field. The good name and fame of the Doylestown Guards must have preceded it, for, when it arrived, a comfortable brick dwelling at the entrance to the arsenal grounds was assigned it for quarters. Sol- diers, in time of war, were never better housed. A brick barn on the premises was fitted up for mess hall; and in it religious exercises were held on Sun- days, the captain officiating. The friends of the company were not unmindful of its wants. The Secretary of War" sent it a cooking stove ; Colonel IS The Washington arsenal, on Greenleaf s Point, three miles south of the capital, was built soon after the seat of government was removed to the District of Columbia, and destroyed by the British when they burned Washington, in 1814. Since the war it has been changed into a military post, and is the headquarters for the garrison at the seat of government. It is no longer a depot for arms, nor a manufactory for fixed ammunition. The grounds lay nearly a mile along the Potomac. " Simon Cameron, the first Secretary of War under President Lincoln, was born in Lancaster county, Pa., March 8, 1799, to no inheritance but labor. He was apprenticed to the printing business, and had acquired the trade before he was out of his teens. At the age of twenty, we find him editing the Doylestown (^Pa.) Democrat^ and he subsequently had charge of a newspaper at Harrisburg. He was prosperous in business, and established the Middletown bank in 1832. His first public employment THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. 121 John W. Forney/^ Secretary of the United States Senate, supplied the officers and men with stationery ; while the Hon. James H. Campbell, the major of the regiment, and member of Congress-elect, came to the quarters to frank the letters. The company was as adjutant-general of Pennsylvania, to which Governor Shultz ap- pointed him. He took an active part in politics, and was elected to the United States Senate, by the Democrats, in 1845, and was several times re-elected. He resig^ned, in 1S61, to accept a seat in Mr. Lincoln's cabinet, but, before he had been in office a year, was appointed Minister to Russia on a special mission. When this duty was filled, he returned home ; was sent back to the United States Senate, and resigned to be suc- ceeded by his son, J. Donald Cameron. Few public men had as clear a conception of the magnitude of the Rebellion as Mr. Cameron, and he was ahead of the times in advocating a vigorous prosecution of the war. He was the first member of the government to advocate arming the negroes of the South. Personally he is one of the most agreeable of men, and his circle of friends is almost without bounds. He enjoys a vigorous old age. '* John W. Forney, who played a prominent part in political life during the War of the Rebellion, and in the events of the decade immediately preceding, which led to it, was born in Lancaster county. Pa., about 1817. He was a man of brilliant talents. Learning the printing trade, he took charge of the Lancaster Intelligencer at the age of twenty, conducting it with signal ability ; was editor of the Pennsylvanian^ and deputy surveyor of the port of Philadelphia from 1845 to 1849 ; and proprietor and editor of the Washington Union during the administration of President Pierce. He established The Press, in 1S57, and never relinquished the editorial control during his most pressing public employments. He was Clerk of the House of Representatives of the United States, and afterward Secretary of the Senate. Colonel Forney was a bom journalist. He was a power- ful and graceful writer, and wielded much influence. During the War of the Rebellion, he labored incessantly for the cause of the Union ; but, when the war was over, in keeping with his generous nature, he extended the hand of fellowship to those so lately in arms against the government. He was CL courtly gentleman in his manners. He died at Philadelphia, December 9, 1881. 122 THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. was there but a short time when Major Ramsey," commandant of the arsenal, came up to see what it needed to make it comfortable ; and he and a num- ber of other gentlemen, including the Secretary of War, called upon Captain Davis. The regiment was composed of an excellent class of men, for at the uprising which immediately fol- lowed the fall of Sumter, the very flower of the youth in every community seized their arms and entered the ranks of the country's defenders. I found the officers agreeable and gentlemanly. In addition to the companies already named, was the Lochiel Grays," of Harrisburg, one of the best in line, commanded by Henry C. McCormick," with Wil- 1*' Georg^e D. Ramsey was born in Virginia, and appointed from the District of Columbia, second lieutenant, Corps Artillery, ist July, 1S20 ; transferred to ist Artillery, ist June, 1821 ; first lieutenant, ist JMarch, 1826 ; captain of ordnance, 25th February, 1835 ; brevet major, 23d Sep- tember, 1846, for gallant and meritorious conduct in the several conflicts at Monterey ; major of ordnance, 22d April, r86i ; lieutenant-colonel, 3d August, 1861 ; colonel, ist June, 1863 ; brigadier-general and chief of ord- nance, 15th September, 1863; retired, 12th September, 1S64 ; brevet major-general, 13th March, 1865, for long and faithful service in the army. IT The Lochiel Grays was organized at Harrisburg, in April, 1S61, by Henry C. McCormick, and he was elected captain. When troops were called for, its services were offered and accepted ; was sent to Washington, and became part of the 2Sth regiment ; made the campaign in the Shenandoah Valley, and was disbanded at its close, '** Henry C. McCormick was born at Harrisburg, the loth of March, 1831 ; educated at Captain Partridge's Military Academy, Harrisburg, and at Yale College, He learned the iron business at the Reading furnace, and subsequently purchased an interest in two furnaces at Marietta, In 1857, Paxtung furnace, at Harrisburg, came under his management, and in t866 THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. 1 23 liam W. Jennings/" as first lieutenant. The some- what celebrated Ringgold band was attached to the regiment, and the delightful music it furnished ** smoothed the wrinkled front" of war, and made the life of a soldier more bearable. The situation of the regiment could not not have been improved, nor the surroundings more agree- able. The arsenal grounds, with their drives, and walks and shade, spread out in front ; on the right flowed the majestic Potomac f'* across the river lay the nail works at Fairview, Cumberland county, and has successfully con- ducted both. In 1862, he was commissioned colonel of the ist regiment, Pennsylvania militia, and served ten days. This was the last of his service. Under the act authorizing a new geological sun'ey of the State, he was appointed by Governor Hartranft one of the commissioners. He ran for Congress on the Democratic ticket in 1882, the district being strongly Re- publican. In his native county, his majority was 159, while his party was in a minority of 1,500. He resides at Harrisburg. 1" William W. Jennings was born at Harrisburg, Pa., and was living there at the surrender of Sumter. He immediately volunteered in the Lochiel Grays and was elected first lieutenant. After his discharge from the three months' service, he was appointed drill-master at Camp Curtin, where he served over a year. He was subsequently colonel of the 127th, a nine months' regiment, promoted from captain of Company F, August 16, 1862 ; was wounded at Fredericksburg, December 6, 1862, and mustered out, May 29, 1863. He was colonel of the 26th Pennsylvania militia in the "emergency" of 1863, and discharged July 30th. Colonel Jennings hves at Harrisburg, and is an officer of one of the National banks. 20 The Potomac, one of the most majestic rivers in America, rises in the mountains of West Virginia, and empties into Chesapeake bay, after a course of 400 miles. It receives several affluents, the largest, the Shenan- doah, joins it at Harper's Ferry, where the united streams break through the Blue Ridge. During the late war, it played an important part ; it was the dividing line between the territory of the combatants, and gave the name to the noblest army that ever entered the field. 124 THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. the wooded hills and slopes of Virginia, the land of the enemy ; while behind us was the Federal capi- tal, with its valuable archives and magnificent public buildings, we had come to defend. The men appre- ciated the situation, and the efTect was beneficial. The Guards soon settled down to business, and the lines of discipline were gradually tightened around it. From reveille, at 5 in the morning, to tattoo and roll call, at 9 at night, the duties were regularly and orderly performed ; drill, guard-mount, fatigue, dress parade, etc., and delightful music was the sweet accompaniment. The rations were of the best, and in great abundance. This routine con- tinued for the six weeks the regiment lay at Wash- ington, varied, now and then, by some momentary excitement. I cannot speak for other companies, but can vouch that the inner life of the Doylestown Guards was as tranquil and harmonious as ever marked a body of men panoplied for war. In this time the work of making the company a well-disci- plined body of soldiers was completed, and when it took the field it had no superior, if equal, in all the 20,000 men it served with. On the night of the 23d of May transpired the first event of any importance since the Guards reached the Federal capital. Between the hours of midnight and 3 in the morning, Lieutenant-General Scott" threw 8,000 troops across the Potomac and s' Winfield Scott, a Virginian by birtli, was born in 1786, and died in THE DOVLESTOWN GUARDS. 12$ took possession of Arlington Heights," the road be- tween them and Alexandria,''" and of that city. They nioved in three columns, simultaneously; one crossing at the Aqueduct bridge, Georgetown, another at Long bridge, Washington, and a third went down the river in boats to seize Alexandria. The movement was performed with the skill that marked aJl the operations of the lieutenant-general ; i866. He read law and was admitted to the bar, but in iSo8 entered the army as captain of artillery. He was promoted to lieutenant-colonel in ■1812, and sent to the Canada frontiers, where he distinguished himself, and was a major-general at the close of the war, in 1815. His campaign in Mexico was one of the most brilliant and successful in history. He was defeated as Whig candidate for President in 1852, by General Franklin Pierce, who had served under him in Mexico. ^^ The Arlington estate, containing 1,160 acres, was originally part of the landed possessions of Edmund Scarburg, a surveyor-general of Vir- ginia in Colonial times. It descended to the wife of General Lee, from the Custises, through Martha Washington, who was Mrs. Lee's great grandmother. The property was bid in for the government at a tax sale in 1862, and a National cemetery opened upon it in 1864. The son of Mrs. Lee brought suit and recovered the estate, but afterward sold it to the government for $150,000. This military cemetery, the largest in the country, is handsomely laid out, and in it are buried 16,264 Federal sol- diers of the Rebellion. Arlington house, a large brick structure covered with white stucco, is a conspicuous object from Washington. General Lee and family made Arlington their home until the outbreak of the war. 23 Alexandria, on the right bank of the Potomac, seven miles below Washington, lies on the side of a range of hills in the centre of a fertile agricultural district. It was founded in 1748, and in its early days had a large foreign trade, rivaling Philadelphia and Baltimore, Its 'future seemed so promising, it was suggested, at one time, to locate the Federal capital there. It contains about 15,000 inhabitants. It was an important point during the war, and the Army of the Potomac embarked there for the Peninsula campaign, in March, 1862. 126 THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. and so quietly that only those engaged were aware of it. At the Washington end of the Long bridge not more than a dozen citizens were gathered to witness the crossing of the troops. The different regiments detailed for this duty reached the bridge in succession and passed over in profound silence, under the whispered commands of the ofificers. The writer was told at the time, that when the leading regiment, Colonel Butteriield's," of New York, took up the march, he gave the column the time with a low whistle, and, placing himself at the head, it passed the Rubicon. ''* The rebel picket at the Virginia end of the bridge was surprised and cap- tured without opposition. The troops that crossed ^* Daniel Butterfield, a citizen of New York, performed his first military duty in the War of the Rebellion as first sergeant of the Clay Guards, {Washington, D. C.,) April i6, 1861, after which he made the following record : Colonel, 12th New York Infantry, April 19, 1S61 ; mustered out, August 5, 1861 ; lieutenant-colonel, 12th United States Infantry, May 14, 1861; colonel, 5th Infantry, July i, 1863; unassigned, March 15, i86g; resigned, March 14, 1870 ; brigadier-general, United States Volunteers, September 7, 1861 ; major-general, November 29, 1862 ; mustered out of volunteer service, August 24, 1865 ; breveted brigadier-general United States Army, March 13, 1865, for gallant and meritorious services during the war ; major-general United States Army, March 13, 1865, for gallant and meritorious services in the field during the war. 26 The Rubicon, a small stream of Central Italy, falling into the Adriatic, gained its celebrity from the well-known story of its passage by Caesar, at the outbreak of the civil war between him and Pompey. As it was the southern boundary of his province, his crossing it was virtually a declara- tion of war against the Republic. The phrase, to cross the Rubicon, has come to mean the taking of an irrevocable step. There is some dispute as to which stream was the ancient Rubicon. THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. 1 27 at Aqueduct bridge were commanded by General McDowell." The 25th regiment was to have occupied Arlington Heights, but, for some unknown reason, it was not ordered to take part in the move- ment. Alexandria was seized by Colonel Ellsworth's Zouaves," and he was unfortunately killed. Enter- ing an hotel, to pull down a rebel flag flying over it, the owner shot him in the back as he was coming down stairs. A soldier saw the man raise his pistol, and fired at him, but not in time to save the colonel's life. Both fell dead together. This was the in- auguration of military operations against the enemy, and caused considerable excitement. All were now anxious to know the next movement on the chess- board of war. 28 Irvin McDowell, a major-general in the Army of the United States, retired, at his death, May 4, 1885, was a native of Ohio, and a graduate of the United States Military Academy. He was an excellent soldier, and served on the staff of General Wool in the Mexican War. On the 27th of May, i86t, he was put in command of the Department of Virginia, head- quarters at Arlington house, and began the organization of what was after- ward the Army of the Potomac He held several important commands during the war, but his misfortune at Bull Run interfered with his useful- ness. 2T Ellsworth's Zouaves was a regiment of New York firemen, organized about the outbreak of the war, by Ephraim Elmer Ellsworth, who was born in the State of New York, but grew to manhood in Chicago. The winter before the war, he visited several eastern cities with his company of Zouaves, whose new and picturesque drill on the stage attracted great at- tention; and brought him prominently before the public. His regiment was accepted by General Wool, and hurried off to Washington. He met his tragic fate at Alexandria, a few days after his arrival. 128 THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. Colonel Ellsworth was buried from the White House, and marked honors were paid his remains. They lay in state, in the East Room, several days, and many went to pay their respects to the gallant young soldier. One afternoon the Guards got per- mission from the captain to go in a body to view the remains. In long gray overcoats, with shining boots and spotless white gloves, and moving like a piece of perfect machinery, in command of Sergeant Rogers, the company marched to the White House, entered the East Room, passed around the bier with un- covered heads, and left the house, none knowing whence they came, or whither they went. Its ap- pearance caused something of a sensation, and it was spoken of as " a company of regulars." It was " the observed of all observers," on that occasion. On the 25th, a skirmish took place across the river between the pickets of the New Jersey troops and the enemy. From the quarters of the Guards, with the naked eye, the smoke from the volleys could be seen creeping up the Virginia hills, and, with a glass, men and the glitter of arms could be dis- tinguished. It created some excitement ; the alarm guns were fired, and the troops ordered to hold themselves in readiness to march. The result of the skirmish was the capture of about 150 head of cat- tle. While the skirmish was progressing, Presi- dent Lincoln"' and Secretaries Seward" and Smith'" 2» Abraham Lincoln, sixteenth President of the United States, and one THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. 1 29 drove down to the bank of the river in front of the Guards' quarters. Additional troops were thrown into Virginia, and many wild rumors were afloat. The life of the Doylestown Guards, at the Wash- ington arsenal grounds, was not very exciting. The officers and men had little to do but routine work. Captain Davis worked hard to bring up the company to a high standard of drill and discipline, and to effect this he spared neither time nor labor. He drilled the company six hours a day, in the various exercises. He took special delight in drilling the men in " the school of the soldier,'' for he well knew this to be the foundation of all efficiency in troops. If the soldier, as an individual, a unit, is not of the most remarkable men in modern history, is too well known to re- quire mention. He was born in Kentucky, in 1809, and, after passing through an unusually eventful career and reaching the highest distinction in the country, fell by the hand of an assassin, at Washington, where he achieved his greatest renown, April 14, 1865. He was a victim to the pas- sions of the war. His death was the severest blow struck at the South in the closing hours of the Rebellion. 29 William H. Seward, Secretary of State in Mr. Lincoln's adminis- tration, was born at Florida, N. Y., in 1801. He studied at Union Col- lege ; was called to the bar, in 1822 ; elected governor, in 1838 ; entered the United States Senate, in 1849, and soon became the leader of his party. He was the author of the doctrine of "Irrepressible Conflict" between slavery and freedom. He was a prominent candidate for President in i860, but the choice falling on Mr. Lincoln, Mr. Seward was given the portfolio of State. He was a man of great ability and guided the diplo- macy of the government through the Civil War with industry, energy and success. He died at his home, Auburn, N. Y., October 10, 1872. 30 Caleb Smith, Mr. Lincoln's Secretary of the Interior, was from In- diana. I30 THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. thoroughly drilled and disciplined, the company, or regiment, cannot reach its greatest usefulness. The men yielded readily to all the requirements of the service, and company ofificers never had less trouble with those under them. Regiments were coming into Washington, daily, and the preparations going forward were evidence the authorities expected a long and arduous struggle. Some of them were thrown into Virginia, where they were employed digging entrenchments and building fortifications to protect the capital. On one occasion the Secretary of War went over to review the troops and inspect the works, and Captain Davis was in- vited, and accompanied him, as a staff ofificer. Occasionally the men got passes to cross the river, to see what was going on, on the other side, and sometimes one would slip off, without permission, to visit the Old Dominion. One of the privates had a fancy for this sort of thing. One day he donned citizen's clothes and visited Alexandria, then in the hands of the enemy. He had no difficulty getting through the lines, and going about where he wished, but, on his return, he was nabbed by the rebel cavalry. After some delay and parleying he was let go, but that closed his adventures. The captain confiscated his plain clothes, and, as Uncle Sam's livery would not be safe in Virginia outside of our lines, he afterward stayed in camp. THE DOVLESTOWN GUARDS. I3I While the 25th lay at Washington, a stand of colors, the gift of a prominent citizen of Schuylkill county, was presented to it. The ceremony took place in Capitol Square. The regiment marched to the spot in the afternoon, and was drawn up on two sides of the square, the officers in front. A large concourse of people was present. The pre- sentation was made by Colonel John W. Forney, and received, on behalf of the regiment, by the major, Hon. James H. Campbell. Both gentlemen made eloquent and patriotic speeches, which were received with rounds of applause. Sergeant Edward L. Rogers, of the Guards, having been selected color- bearer, now stepped forward, and the Stars and Stripes were placed in his hands. The last of May the five companies of the regiment at the arsenal, including the Guards, were put under canvas, that they might have better opportunity to learn camp duty. The weather was delightful and the change pleasant and beneficial. Promotion came to some members of the Guards early in their military career. Shortly after the company reached Camp Scott, Dr. Washington G. Nugent, a private, was appointed assistant surgeon of Colonel Johnson's" 14th Pa. regiment. He served 31 John W. Johnson, a resident of Youngstown, Westmoreland county, and a captain of volunteers in the Mexican War. organized a company soon after Sumter surrendered, and brought it to Harrisburg. It was one of ten companies that formed the 14th regiment, of which the then Cap- 132 THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. in that capacity during the three months' campaign ; was then commissioned surgeon, and filled various medical positions to the end of the war. Dr. James D. Hendrie, likewise a private, was appointed sur- geon's steward in the 25th. About the ist of June, Ira F. Gensel was appointed a lieutenant in the regular army, and died in December, following, of a fatal wound received in front of Fredericksburg.^^ He was also a private, and while with the Guards enjoyed the honor of being company clerk. About tain Johnson was elected colonel, and mustered into service April 30th, by Captain Simmons, United States Army. The 9th of May, the 14th and 15th regiments went into camp at Lancaster, whence they marched to join Patterson's army, and took part in the Shenandoah Valley campaign. 3^ Fredericksburg, on the southwest bank of the Rappahannock, in Spott- sylvania county, Va., no miles from its mouth at Chesapeake bay, has a population of 5,000. A dam across the river affords ample water power to numerous mills and factories. The battle that took place there December i;i, 1S62, was as fruitless as bloody. The public temper, and the wishes of the administration, probably drove Burnside to make battle against his own judgment. Sumner reached Falmouth, opposite, November 17th, and wished to cross and take possession of the town, then held by a small garrison, but was prohibited. The pontoons arrived the 25th, but mean- while Lee had concentrated a large force opposite, and began fortifying the hills. Burnside now thought it necessary to make arrangements to cross in the face of a powerful and vigilant enemy, and attack Lee, Jack- son and Longstreet in a position of their own choosing and fortifying, and held by 78,000 men, The mere crossing presented no serious difficulty, but the adjacent hills were about as strongly entrenched as could be. The crossing was not attempted until forty-eight hours after work on the bridges was begun. Why was not some attempt made to turn the enemy? There was no more heroic fighting during the war, and nowhere such ex- travagant waste of life. Fredericksburg is one of the battles that invites severe criticism. THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. 1 33 this time, the Secretary of War tendered Captain Davis a captain's commission in the regular army, which he declined, as he could not afford to accept it. The officers and men of the company were not forgotten by their Bucks county friends, and among those who visited them, were General John Davis, father of the captain ; Rev. William R. Gries, Nathan C. James, Richard Watson,^' Colonel David Marple, and Mrs. Davis. During Mr. Gries' stay with the company, he preached an appropriate sermon to the regiment, by invitation. About the ist of June, a suspicious looking steam- boat, called the St. Nicholas, and loaded with pro- visions, was reporting lying at a wharf near the Long bridge. As it was feared she might carry the provisions to the enemy, the Secretary of War ordered her to be seized. For this purpose a detail of seven men was made from the Guards — James M. Carver, Lawrence Frankenfield, Henry W. Haney, John McDonald Laughlin, James D. Hendrie, Ira F. Gensel and Stephen Townsend, and the same number from the Lochiel Grays. They were placed in command of Lieutenant Smith, of the Grays, and 33 Richard W^'atson, a descendant of a family long settled in the county, is a son of John Watson, of Buckingham township. After com- pleting his education, he read law with the late C. E. DuBois, Esq., and was admitted to the bar in 1846. He was elected judge of the county courts in 1873, and served a term of ten years. He is a practicing attor- ney. He served a short enlistment in the "emergency " of 1863. 134 THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. Sergeant Rogers, of the Guards. The party left camp about lo o'clock at night, accompanied by Major Campbell, Captain Davis, and Mr. Gries then on a visit to the company. The boat was reached after a march of two miles, and taken possession of in the name of the United States. The surprise was complete. Her subsequent fate I never learned. On several occasions the Doylestown Guards were invited down to the arsenal to join in dress parade with the garrison, which was accepted, and con- sidered a compliment. During this period many regiments were arriving in Washington from the North and West, and en- camped around the capital, or sent across the river into Virginia. Several of them, which came with- out arms, were marched down to the arsenal to procure them, passing through our camp. Of these, I remember the 1st and 2d Ohio, and the 8th and gth New York regiments. One Ohio company was reported having in its ranks sixteen brothers, a very large contribution from one family. On the last day of May, three men were drummed out of the regiment with all the honors, but I have forgotten to what company they belonged. No doubt they subsequently re-enlisted as " veterans." By this time, it was generally believed an en- gagement would soon take place between the Federal trpops and the rebels, and that the place THE DOVLESTOWN GUARDS. 1 35 of hostile meeting would be at, or near, Manassas Junction/* where battle was delivered six weeks later. The Richmond Enquirer recommended that no pitched battles be fought with the Federal troops, but a system of guerrilla warfare be adopted. With such large bodies of troops in the field, it would have been found impossible to carry out any such programme, had it been seriously thought of. On the 7th of June, there was a general observance of the death of the Hon. Stephen A. Douglas,'^ Senator from Illinois. All the Departments were 34 Manassas Junction, a strong strategic point half way between the eastern range of the Blue Ridge and the Potomac, on the Orange and Alexandria railroad, and where another road joins it from Manassas Gap in the Blue Ridge, is about thirty miles in a direct line from Washington. The Confederates had fixed upon this as their grand ral lying-place before marching on the capital. In its immediate vicinity was fought the battle of Bull Run, July 21, 1861, so unfortunate to the Union cause. It is said General Butler called General Scott's attention to the importance of occupying this point, but the enemy seized it before he was ready to move. 35 Stephen Arnold Douglas, one of the most distinguished statesmen of his day, was the son of a physician of Brandon, Vt., where he was born April 23, 1813. He had to struggle with poverty, and after finishing his education, and partially learning the trade of a joiner, settled at Jack- sonville. 111., where he read law and was admitted to the bar in 1834. He rose rapidly in public favor ; was appointed attorney-general, in 1835 ; elected to the Legislature, in 1837 ; to the Supreme Court, in 1841 ; to Congress, in 1843, and to the United States Senate, in March, 1847, where he remained to his death, June 3, 1861, taking a leading part in that dis- tinguished body. He was active in the annexation of Texas and opposed the admission of Kansas under the Lecompton constitution. He was one of the Democratic candidates for President in 1860, and received a large vote. When the war broke out he threw his whole influence on the side of the Union. 136 THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. closed ; drills suspended ; orders from the War De- partment, complimentary to his public services and patriotism, were read at the head of every regiment in and about Washington, and the colors were draped in mourning. The death of such a man, at such a critical time, was a public calamity. In the meantime the troops, which had been thrown across the river into Virginia, were busily engaged raising defences to the approaches to the capital. A strong tete de pont, to protect the Long bridge, was thrown up and mounted with heavy guns. Forts, on commanding positions, were erec- ted at various points for miles around the city, and the system of defence, when completed later in the war, made Washington one of the best fortified places in the world. Much of the timber of the sur- rounding country was cut down. There were daily and hourly preparations for the approaching cam- paign in Virginia, with the usual complaint that things did not move fast enough. General Scott was still in command of the army, and the enemy's forced evacuation of Harper's Ferry,'" proved his 38 Harper's Ferry is a small post-village of Jefferson county, W, V., at the confluence of the Potomac and Shenandoah rivers, where they force their way through the Blue Ridge. The situation is renowned for its picturesqueness and beauty. It is a point of junction of the Baltimore and Ohio and Winchester and Potomac railroads, and the Chesapeake and Ohio canal runs along the Maryland side of the Potomac. For several years, previous to the war, it was the seat of an extensive government arsenal and armory, which were destroyed but never rebuilt. In con- THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. 1 37 plans were well conceived and that he understood the situation in the field. The Doylestown Guards had now been a month under canvas and in quarters at the arsenal grounds ; but had seen little, if any, of that " pomp parade and circumstance of glorious war," the un- tried soldier looks forward to with eager anxiety. The drills had been constant, and the company had made great improvement in that and in discipline. The system of domestic economy was better than any other company ; in fact, I do not know that any other practiced it. In this time, four weeks, the sav- ings in rations amounted to $61.75 ! the articles were sold, and various little necessaries, the government did not supply, were bought for the company. The savings were largely due to the cook and Orderly Sergeant Orem. The first, and only, death in the company during its short campaign, and which occurred while it lay at Washington, was that of private Edward Kibby, who died the 24th of June, at the Measles Hospital, whither he had been removed. He was suddenly taken, and his disease appeared to confound his medical attendants. His person assumed a livid hue sequence it has fallen into decay. During the war it was held by both armies, and changed hands several times, as the conflict ebbed and flowed. It finally fell into the possession of the Federals, after the battle of Monocacy, and was held by them to the end of the war. It really never had any mili- tary importance, and more than once proved a trap for the Federal forces that occupied it. 138 THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. some hours before he died ; his tongue turned yel- low and his teeth black. He became delirious and suffered terribly. He was buried with the honors of war the next day, in the Soldiers' cemetery near the Congressional burying ground. The funeral escort was commanded by Sergeant Edward L. Rogers ; the band of the regiment played appropriate music, and the whole company turned out as mourners, ^^--^ i^ #-^/ , (',li<".sli"r<;a[ | --riinn ii f i Map of Patterson's Shenandoati Campaign, 1S<31. CHAPTER VI. Before proceeding with the narrative of the ser- vices of the Doylestown Guards, in the campaign in the Shenandoah' Valley in the summer of 1861, proper reference should be made to the movements of General Patterson's army, prior to the company becoming a part of it. The Valley of Virginia," a rich agricultural section ^ The Shenandoah is the largest affluent of the Potomac, and the valley that bears its name and is drained by its waters, is part of the celebrated Valley of Virginia. The river has three main branches which unite at Port Republic ; pursues a northeast course and falls into the Potomac just before the latter forces its passage through the Blue Ridge. It flows through a rich grain-growing region, and is navigable some distance for small boats. Patterson's army manceuvred north of the river, and in a district of country considerably elevated. It was the scene of active opera- tion down to the close of the war, and was in turn commanded, on the Federal side, by Patterson, Banks, Shields, Fremont, Milroy and Sheridan, the latter defeating the enemy at Cedar Creek. 2 The Valley of Virginia, extending from Tennessee to Pennsylvania, and the great highway between the North and South, is one of the most fruitful sections of the country. Thomas Jefferson, in his " Notes on Vir- ginia," gives a most glowing description of its fertility and beauty at that early day. It lies between the Blue Ridge on the east and the Alleghenies on the west, the former being pierced by several passes leading to the Val- ley of the Potomac. It is well watered, the Shenandoah alone having a course of nearly zoo miles through it. It was repeatedly traversed by the Confederate armies, the mountain ramparts on the east affording them protection and concealing their movements. When they suffered defeat in the invasions of Pennsylvania, 1862 and 1863, they sought this friendly valley to recuperate their wasted strength. To them it was a city of refuge. Some parts of the valley were literally plowed by the hoof of war. 140 THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. running from the Susquehanna through Maryland and Virginia into Tennessee, is the natural highway between the North and South. At the outbreak of the war, it was evident, to the military authorities of both sides, it would become the route of contend- ing armies. In case the North was invaded, there was no other practicable way to strike at the heart Pennsylvania. The enemy took the first step toward securing this military highway, by seizing Harper's Ferry, and occupying both sides of the river with Virginia troops, the 19th of April, the day the Massachusetts troops were fired upon in the streets of Baltimore. It was held by a force estimated as high as 4,000. This movement had a double effect ; it threatened the loyal States with invasion, and protected the Valley of Virginia from the same. The advance of Patterson's army, and McClellan's victories in West Virginia, satisfying Johnston," the rebel commander, he could not safely remain at Harper's Ferry, he blocked up the railroad and canal, destroyed the 3 Joseph E. Johnston, one of the most distinguished officers of the Con- federate army, is d. native of Virginia, and was graduated from West Point, July i, 1S29. Upon the outbreak of the Rebellion he was quarter- master-general of the United States Army, with the rank of brigadier- general. He resigned his commission, April 22, 1861, and joined the fortunes of the Rebellion. He surrendered his army, about 20,000 strong, to General Sherman the 26th of April, 1865, near Durham's Station, Orange county, N. C, receiving the same terms that Grant gave to Lee. General Johnston is a man of medium height and striking appearance, genial and kindly, modest and popular. THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. I4I Baltimore and Ohio railroad bridge over the Poto- mac, 1,000 feet long, spiked the guns that could not be taken away, and burnt the government works and arsenal. He then withdrew from Maryland Heights, crossed the river and retired to Charlestown, the 15th of June, the very daj' Patterson reached Hagers- town. The presence of a hostile force at Harper's Ferry called for the concentration of troops at some point in the Cumberland Valley, and Chambersburg' was selected. Under the President's call for 75,000 men, to serve for three months, the quota of Pennsylvania was fourteen regiments, afterwards increased to twenty- five, and Governor Curtin appointed Robert Pat- terson, of Philadelphia, and William H. Keim, of Reading, to command them with the rank of major- general. On the 27th of April, the department of Penn- sylvania was formed, to include that State, Dela- ware, and all of Maryland not embraced in the department of Annapolis, and General Patterson placed in command, with headquarters at Philadel- phia. It was General Scott's intention to occupy * Chambersburg, the county seat of Franklin, was founded by Ben- jamin Chambers, in 1764. The first court house was erected in 1784, and the first court held in it the 15th of September of that year. The town was burned by the rebel cavalry the 30th of July, 1864, but has since been rebuilt in handsome proportions, and has rapidly increased in population and trade. The inhabitants number about 5,00c. It is seated in the lap of the Cumberland Valley, one of the most fertile in the State. 142 THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. Baltimore in force, one column, 3,000 strong, to move down the Northern Central railroad from York, Pa. It has already been stated, that the Doylestown Guards, a few days afterward, marched over the same route, entered Baltimore alone, and passed through it unresisted. Of course the situation had somewhat changed ; nevertheless, the company was the first body of armed Federal troops to pass through its streets after the riot of the 19th of April. This simple fact shows that our military authorities were gaining courage, as well as confidence in them- selves. General Patterson immediately occupied himself organizing, equipping and forwarding troops for the defence of Washington ; fostering a Union feeling in Delaware and Maryland, to prevent them joining the States in rebellion, and in providing means for the protection and defence of the Delaware river and the frontiers of his department. After the riot in Baltimore, and the route through that city to Washington had become closed, he opened a new one by way of Annapolis, by which troops reached the capital. Realizing the war would be a long one, and feel- ing that the three months' men should not be the sole reliance, General Patterson requested Governor Curtin to call out twenty-five additional regiments of infantry, and one of cavalry, to be mustered into THE DOVLESTOWN GUARDS. I43 the service of the United States. Although the War Department declined to sanction this call of troops, and impliedly censured General Patterson, nevertheless, Governor Curtin induced the Legis- lature, then in session, to pass an act authorizing fifteen regiments to be raised for the service of the State. This was the origin of the famous Pennsyl- vania "Reserve Corps,"^ which rendered such effec- tive service. The government determined, in the early summer of 1861, to make a demonstration againt the enemy in the Shenandoah Valley and at Plarper's Ferry. This movement was to be part of what was after- ward the famous *' Bull Run campaign,"^ which ^ On the 30th of April, 1S61, Governor Curtin called an extra session of the Legislature, to provide means to better establish the State militia, and on the 15th of May, an act was passed for the organization of a '' Reserve Corps," of thirteen regiments of infantrj', one of cavalry, and one of artil- lery. These troops were immediately recruited, organized, and put into camps. After the defeat at Bull Run, they were the first to reach Wash- ington, and their arrival did much to re-establish confidence. " The Bull Run campaign will always occupy a prominent place in the War of the Rebellion, because it led to the first battle in the great con- flict, and its unfortunate termination. Mistakes were to be expected from a people unaccustomed to war. The nature of the country rendered an offensive campaign very difficult. The Confederates had selected Manassas Junction as a point of concentration to threaten Washington and cover Richmond, because of its strength. Two lines of railroad connected it with Richmond in the rear, another on the left placed it in easy communi- cation with Johnston at Winchester, while Bull Run creek covered Beau- regard's position in front. The campaign was precipitated by the general anxiety to measure swords with the enemy. An inexorable public opinion forced the military' authorities to take the field before they were ready. 144 THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. military blunders made so disastrous to our arms. One of its objects was to protect Pennsylvania from invasion. Patterson's column was to move from Chambersburg toward the Potomac; and, about the same time, Colonel Charles P. Stone/ 14th United It was generally thought the insurgents could be routed without much re- sistance, and the loyal States wished to see the business brought to a close without unnecessary delay. This important fact was not thought of by the country, that the enemy was about to be attacked in his chosen position, by raw troops, a hazardous thing to do wiih experienced soldiers. In spite of all, the government was obliged to open the campaign. When the army assumed the offensive, the i6th of July, there was no transportation ready, and suppHes followed three days after, by rail. The heat was oppressive, and the men. weighed down with their arms, accoutrements and three days' rations, and wholly unaccustomed to marching, fell out of ranks and straggled in very large numbers. Some commands were almost disin- tegrated. With this state of things, it was impossible to hold the troops in hand, and it was the same when battle was delivered. McDowell was an excellent soldier and a good general ; his plan of campaign has with- stood the most skillful criticism, but it was impossible to carry it out. If battle had been delivered at the time Scott notified Patterson it would be, the result might have been different. It is a charitable view to take, at least, to say, that under the demoralized condition of things all parties concerned did the best they could. The members of Congress and other civilians, who accompanied the army to see the fun, did not find the battle of Bull Run as much of a picnic as they anticipated. Among the many reasons assigned for our defeat, it must be admitted that the failure of McDowell to attack, as he should have done, the 21st of July, prior to the arrival of the enemy's reinforcement's, instead of on that day after their arrival, had a good deal to do with it. If McDowell could have moved on the enemy with the combined forces of himself and Patterson, the victory would probably have been on our side. We should have outnumbered the enemy, ' Charles P. Stone, a brigadier-general in the United States Army, and one of the bravest officers in defence of the Union, was born in Massachu- setts, in 1826. He graduated from West Point, in 1845, and served in the THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. I45 States Infantry, with the command assigned him, was to take charge of the " Rockville expedition." This was to ascend the east bank of the Potomac from Washington, seize Edward's Ferry," if practicable, cross the river and advance to Leesburg," to inter- cept supplies sent from Baltimore into Virginia. Subsequent events changed the destination of Stone's column, and he was ordered to join Pat- terson's army. Troops began to assemble at Chambersburg be- Mexican War, obtaining the brevets of first lieutenant and captain. He resigned from the army, in 1856, and was shortly afterward appointed, by the Mexican government, chief of a commission to survey land in Sonora and Lower California. He served with distinction through the Civil War, and probably did more than any other one man to save Washington from capture. In 1870, General Stone entered the service of the Khedive of Egypt and served that country with fidelity for thirteen years, organ- izing her army and reaching high command. He received a number of decorations from the Sultan. He returned to the United States, in 1883. His last work was as engineer and director in the erection of the pedestal for Bartholdi's Statue of Liberty Enlightening the World. He was very popular as a commander of troops, and beloved by officers and men. He died at New York, in the fall of 1886, from a cold contracted at the dedi- cation of the statue. « Edward's Ferry, a crossing of the Potomac a few miles below Harper's Ferry, is much used by persons passing between Maryland and Virginia. Beyond this it had no significance during the war. » Leesburg, the county seat of Loudon, Va., is a handsome village of 1,500 inhabitants. It is 150 miles north of Richmond, and three from the Potomac ; surrounded by a fertile and well-cultivated country, and contains a court house, three churches, a bank and an academy. During the war it was in the possession of both armies, but suffered little damage. 146 THE DOVLESTOWN GUARDS. fore the close of April ; the jtW and 8th" Penn- sylvania regiments arriving about the 25th, followed by the loth'^ regiment on the 2d of May. They were the only troops there until about the 28th, when they began to arrive in greater numbers. From that time until the 8th of June, they continued to come in, when a force of nearly 20,000 was present under arms, encamped near the town, with Major- ^o The 7th regiment was organized at Harrisburg, under the orders of Governor Curtin, by Adjutant-General Riddle, the 22d of April, iS6r, and William H. Irwin, of Lewistown, then at Washington a private in the Logan Guards, was elected colonel. He re-entered the service as colonel of the 4gth, July 25, 1861, and was breveted brigadier-general, May 12, 1S65. 11 The 8th regiment was organized at Camp Curtin, the 22d of April, 1861, and composed, in part, of companies that belonged to the volunteer militia before the war. Three of the companies were from Luzerne county, the Wyoming Artillerists, Captain A. H Emley ; the Wyoming Yeagers, Captain Reichard, and a. cavalry company that had been formerly com- manded by Captain Hoyt, afterward governor of the State4 Captain Em- ley, a broker of Wilkesbarre, was elected colonel ; served with his regiment during the three months' campaign, and was honorably discharged. It does not appear that he re-entered the service. He has been dead several years. 12 The loth regiment was commanded by Colonel Sullivan Meredith, of Philadelphia, where he was born in 1816. He was a brother of the dis- tinguished William M. Meredith. He was in business in his native city when the war broke out, having previously passed several years in the South, on the west coast of South America, in New York and in California. He gave up his business at the first call for troops and was elected and commissioned colonel of the loth. At the close of the three months' ser- vice, he was made colonel of the 56th Pennsylvania regiment, and served to the end of the war. He was severely wounded at the second battle of Bull Run, August 31, 1862, and was promoted to brigadier-general. He was honorably discharged, the 24th of August, 1865. THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. I47 General Keim in command. He began immediately to drill and discipline this force, devoting as much time to it as could be spared from other duties. General Patterson, who left Philadelphia the 2d of June, and reached Chambersburg the next day, as- sumed command on his arrival. Patterson had previously submitted a plan of at- tack on Harper's Ferry, to General Scott, which the latter approved. When about ready to march, he re- ceived an order from Washington, forbidding him to move until joined by a battery of United States Artil- lery, and a battalion of Regular Infantry." To swell his numbers, he was directed to detain some of the regiments that might arrive at Chambersburg, or pass through Harrisburg, and to incorporate them with his command. This delayed the column several days, and the effect it may have had on the cam- paign cannot now be estimated. On the 8th of June, General Scott wrote General Patterson he was organ- izing a column of 2,500 men, to be placed in charge of Colonel Stone, as a " Secondary Expedition" to aid him in his operations up the Potomac, and that 13 Adjutant-General Townsend to Patterson ; ' ' Headquarters, Wash- ing^ton, June 4th. General Scott says, do not make a move forward until you are joined by a battery of the Fourth (4th) Artillery and a battalion of five (s) companies, 3d United States Infantry, to leave here the 6th instant for Carlisle. Orders have been given to purchase the (gfuns) and collect the guns and equipments, &c., as soon as possible. It will require some days, but the General considers this addition to your force indispensable." 148 THE DOYLESTOWN GUARD5. it would march about the loth/* This was the column the 25th belong'ed to, and to whose move- ments we have already referred. General Patterson marched from Chambersburg, about the 12th of June, a portion of his command being sent forward by rail. While his little army was composed of excellent material, the troops were all raw, with the exception of the small force of regulars. They were well armed and equipped, and organized as follows : FIRST DIVISION. Brevet Major-General George Cadwalader ist Brigade. — Colonel George H. Thomas, 2d United States Cavalry, four companies United States Cavalry and ist City Troop, (Philadelphia,) Captain James ; Battalion of Artillery and Infantry, Captain Doubleday ; ist Rhode Island regiment and battery, Colonel Burnside ; 6th Pennsyl- vania regiment, Colonel James Nagle ; 21st Pennsylvania regiment, Col- onel Ballier ; 23d Pennsylvania regiment, Colonel Dare. jd Brigade. — Brigadier-General E. C. Williams. 7th Pennsylvania regiment, Colonel Irwin; 8th Pennsylvania regiment. Colonel Emley ; loth Pennsylvania regiment, Colonel Meredith ; 20th Pennsylvania regi- ment, (Scott Legion,) Colonel Gray. 4th Brigade. — 2d and 3d United States Infantry, Major Sheppard ; 9th Pennsylvania regiment. Colonel Longnecker ; 13th Pennsylvania regiment, Colonel Rowly ; i6th Pennsylvania regiment, Colonel Ziegler, SECOND DIVISION. Major-General William H. Keim. 2d Brigade. — Brigadier-General G. C. Wynkoop. ist Pennsylvania regiment, Colonel Yohe ; 2d Pennsylvania regiment. Colonel Stumbaugh ; 3d Pennsylvania regiment. Colonel Minier; 24th Pennsylvania regiment. Colonel Owens. 5M Brigade. — Brigadier-General J. S. Negley. ist Wisconsin regiment, Colonel Starkweather ; 4th Connecticut regiment, Colonel Woodhouse ; nth Pennsylvania regiment. Colonel Jarrett ; 14th Pennsylvania regiment, Colonel Johnson ; 15th Pennsylvania regiment, Colonel Oakford. H Headquarters, Washington, June 8th, Scott to Patterson; "I am THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. 149 Patterson's army reached Hagerstown/^ Mary- land, twelve miles from Williamsport'* on the Poto- mac, the proposed place of crossing, the evening of the 15th of June. The strength of the column, at this time, we have not been able to ascertain, nor do we know that a return was ever made. Here it went into camp for about two weeks. On the 17th of June, General Scott ordered Patterson to send all his regular troops, horse and foot, and the Rhode Island battery, immediately to Washington, giving as a reason that they were " pressed" at the seat of government." This order created great surprise, org;anizing. to aid you, a secondary expedition, under Colonel Stone. He will have about 2,500 men, including two troops of cavalry and a section (two pieces) of artillery. The movement, by road and canal, will com- mence the loth inst. and, passing up the country, (touching at Rockville,) be directed upon the ferry opposite Leesburg. This may be but a diversion in your favor, but possibly it may be turned into an effective co-operation. Colonel Stone will be instructed to open a communication with you, if practicable, and you will make a corresponding effort on your part." 16 Hagerstown, the capital of Washington county, Md., is a thriving place of some 7,000 inhabitants, near the west bank of Antietam creek, nine miles from the Potomac and eighty-six west of Baltimore. It has considerable trade, and, besides the county buildings, contains several churches, academies, banks and newspapers. It is seated in a beautiful and fertile country. i« Williamsport is a post-village on the Potomac, in Washington county, Md., nine miles southwest of Hagerstown. The Chesapeake and Ohio canal runs near the town. It contains a bank and numerous stores. ^'^ Headquarters, Washington, July 17th. Scott to Patterson: ''We are pressed here. Send the troops I have twice called for, without delay." McDowell had begun his offensive operations against Manassas the day before. I50 THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. following so soon that prohibiting the march of the column until it was joined by the regulars. General Patterson protested against these troops, the very ones he most stood in need of, being taken away, but the protest was useless. This left him without a piece of artillery, and with but one com- pany of cavalry, and that had not been a month in service. To say the least, it was not fair treatment, after General Patterson had been ordered on a cam- paign, and was expected to accomplish certain results, to strip him of the troops he most relied on to carry out his orders. But there is no way of avoiding this in military operations, and it is often practiced to the great injury of the service. A notable case in point was McClellan's movement on Richmond, in the spring of 1862." If his co-operating force had not been drawn away, and his combinations and movements been allowed to be carried out as pro- jected, there is hardly a reasonable doubt Richmond 1* This campaign was planned and begun with the knowledge and ap- proval of the authorities at Washington. It embraced a supporting column, under McDowell, 50,000 strong, to march from Fredericksburg to threaten the enemy in flank. When McDowell was two days on his march toward Richmond, he was recalled to defend Washington from Stonewall Jackson, who made a demonstration up the Valley. This was done to draw him away and succeeded. The authorities became needlessly alarmed. After he had gotten McDowell back to the defences of Washington, Jackson turned about and hastened to the defence of Richmond. Whenever poli- ticians interfere with the movements of an army in the field, it is sure to come to grief. THE DOYLESTOWX GUARDS. I5I would have fallen and the war brought to a speedy termination. On the 20th of June, General Patterson, in re- sponse to a request from General Scott, submitted to him his plan of operations, embracing these material points: 1st. To occupy Maryland Heights" with a brigade, and to fortify and arm it. 2d. To move all supplies to Frederick ; abandon the present line of operations, and open a new route through Harper's Ferry. 3d. To cross the Potomac near Point-of-Rocks," with all disposable force and unite with Colonel Stone, at Leesburg. This would have placed Patterson in a position to threaten Johnston's communications much more ^•* Maryland Heights is a section of the Blue Ridge on the east bank of the Potomac, facing Harper's Ferry. The summit is rocky and barren. It has no importance as a military position, being commanded by Loudon Heights, on the Virginia side of the river, at the mouth of Shenandoah Both heights command Harper's Ferry. It was surrendered to the Con- federates, the 15th of September, 1862, with 12,000 men and a large amount of stores and materials, on Lee's advance into Maryland. When Lee crossed the Potomac, in June, 1S63, on his march to Pennsylvania, Maryland Heights was occupied by General French, with a force of 11,000. Hooker wanted it abandoned and the force joined to his army, and, be- cause Halleck would not consent, he asked to be relieved of the command, which was done. During the Gettysburg campaign, when troops were so much needed, this force was kept on Maryland Heights, inactive. 20 Point-of-Rocks is a small post-village on the Potomac, in Frederick county, ild., at a point where the Baltimore and Ohio railroad strikes that river, going west. 152 THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. effectually than at Martinsburg,^^ and, at the same time, be near enough to McDowell to assist him. The army remained at Hagerstown until the last days of June, waiting for reinforcements and com- pleting arrangements for an active opening of the campaign. During this interval, General Patterson was not idle wherein activity could contribute to the success of the expedition. By his direction. Captain Newton,''^ United States Engineers, serving on his staff, made a reconnoisance, and collected information of the enemy's movements wherever it could be ob- 21 Martinsburg, a flourishing town of some 4,000 inhabitants, the capital of Berkley county, W. Va., roo miles west of Baltimore, is an important station on the Baltimore and Ohio railroad, and where the machine shops of the company are located. The Tuscarora creek, which runs by the town, furnishes an abundance of water power, utilized by mills and factories. It is situated in an elevated region, a few miles west of the Blue Ridge. 22 John Newton was born in Virginia, and appointed from that State second lieutenant of Engineers, ist July, 1842; first lieutenant, 16th October, 1852; captain, ist July, 1856; major, 6th August, 1861 ; briga- dier-general Volunteers, 23d September, 1861 ; brevet lieutenant-colonel, 17th September, 1862, for gallant and meritorious service in the battle of Antietam, Md.; major-general Volunteers, 30th March, 1S63; brevet col- onel, 3d July, 1863, for gallant and meritorious service in the battle of Gettysburg, Pa.; major-general of Volunteers, 30th March, 1863; revoked, 18th April, 1864; brigadier-general Volunteers, i8th April, 1864; brevet brigadier-general, T3th March, 1865, for gallant and meritorious service in the battle of Peach Tree Creek, Ga., and in the campaign against Atlanta, Ga.; brevet major-general, 13th March, 1865, for gallant and meritorious service in the field during the war ; brevet major-general of Volunteers, 13th March, 1865, for gallant and meritorious service during the war; lieutenant-colonel of Engineers, 28th December, 1S65 ; mustered out of volunteer service, 31st January, 1866; colonel of Engineers, 30th June, 1879. THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. 1 53 tained. General Johnston had taken command at Harper's Ferry, the 23d of May, and a month later his strength was estimated, from his own figures, at 15,000 men and about twenty guns. At this time, the last of June, Patterson's strength was not over 10,000 infantry, 650 cavalry and artillery, with six guns, without the means of moving them. This dis- parity in force precluded Patterson attacking the enemy, as Scott had only authorized him "to cross and attack" in case he was "in superior or equal force."" The report of Captain Newton confirmed the estimated strength of the enemy. General Pat- terson, in his despatch to General Scott, dated June 28th, says : " Ofificers and men are anxious to be led against the insurgents, and, if the general-in-chief will give me a regiment of regulars and an adequate force of field artillery, I will cross and attack the enemy, unless their forces are ascertained to be more than two to one." The army marched from Hagerstown the after- noon of the 30th, with 11,000 men and six smooth- bore guns, to which the horses had never been 33 June 25lh, General Scott telegraphed General Patterson: "Remain in front of the enemy while he continues in force betv/een Winchester and the Potomac, If you are in superior or equal force, you may cross and attack him. If the enemy should retire upon his resources, at Winchester, it is not enjoined that you should pursue him to that distance from your base of operations, without a well-grounded confidence in your continued superiority." 154 THE DOVLESTOWN GUARDS. hitched until that day. This was the earliest day- he was able to take the field. It was his intention to cross the Potomac in two columns ; one at Dam No. 4," the other at Williamsport, and to unite them the same day at Hainesville," where it was supposed he would be able to strike the enemy. Owing to the difficulty of fording at Dam No. 4, the whole force was directed on Williamsport. The advance crossed the river at 4 a. m. the 2d of July, and took the main road to Martinsburg, followed by the whole army ex- cept Negley's brigade, which diverged to the right to protect that flank. About five miles from the river, at a place called Falling Waters," our skirmishers became engaged with the enemy posted in a piece of timber, and soon afterward the main body was observed in front, sheltered by timber, fences and houses. The 1st Wisconsin and i ith Pennsylvania" were deployed 2* Dam No. 4, in the Potomac, above Harper's Ferry, was built to assist in supplying the canal with water. 25 Hainesville is a hamlet with a post office in Berkley county, West Virginia, near the Potomac. But for the war it, like many other places, would never have lived in history. 2" Falling Waters is a post-village of Berkley county. West Virginia, on the public road between Williamsport and Martinsburg, 188 miles north- west from Richmond. The skirmish that took place there alone gives it any importance. 2' The nth Pennsylvania regiment was formed of detached companies, rendezvoused at Camp Curtin, April 26, t86i. Phaon Jarrett, of Lock Haven, captain of Company B, was elected colonel ; Richard Coulter, of Greensburg, captain of Company I, lieutenant-colonel; and William D. Earnest, of Harrisburg, major. Five of these companies were recruited THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. 155 on either side of the road, which was occupied by a section of Hudson's artillery, supported by the ist City Troop,^^ of Philadelphia. Our troops advanced to the attack, and for half an hour the contest was spirited, when the enemy gave way and were hotly pursued by artillery and infantry. Their camp, with equipage, provisions, etc., fell into our hands. The force, immediately engaged, was the brigade of Colonel Abercrombie,^" but the rapid advance of on the West Branch of the Susquehanna, and as they were leaving for Camp Curtin, a few moments before the cars started, and while the soldiers were bidding adieu to their friends, a splendid American eag;le flew directly over them, halting momentarily and flapping his wings as though he com- prehended the scene below, and then moved on majestically southward amidst the cheers of the crowd. 2s The First City Troop, of Philadelphia, is a noted military organiza- tion, and one of the oldest in the country. It was organized about 1774, and has been in continuous existence. It was present at the battles of Trenton and Princeton, in 1776, and received the special thanks of Wash- ington, and was in the field at other times during the Revolution. It served a tour of duty in 1814, when Philadelphia was threatened by the British ; turned out at various times in local disturbance, and was in service on two or three occasions during the War of the Rebellion. ■■*» John J. Abercrombie was born in Tennessee, and appointed from that State brevet second lieutenant of ist Infantry, ist July, 1822 ; second lieutenant, ist July, 1822; first lieutenant, 26th September, 1828; captaim 4th September, 1836; major, 5th Infantry, Sth September, 1847; lieutenant- colonel, 2d Infantry, ist May, 1852; colonel, 7th Infantry, 25th February, 1861 ; retired, 12th June, 1865; died, 3d January, 1877. Brevet rank; Brevet major, 25th December, 1837, for gallant and meritorious conduct in Florida; brevet lieutenant-colonel, 23d September, 1847, for gallant and ■meritorious conduct at Monterey, Mex.; brevet brigadier-general, 13th March, 1865, for long and faithful service in the army; brigadier-general of Volunteers, 9th September, 1861 ; mustered out of Volunteer service, 24th June, 1864. 156 THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. Thomas^" upon the enemy's left hastened his flight. This was a very creditable affair to our arms, and raised the spirits of the men. The enemy was partially sheltered, while our troops advanced over open ground. His loss, in killed, was supposed to be about sixty, but the number of wounded could not be estimated, as many were carried from the field. The rebels were 3° George Henry Thomas, one of the most distinguished officers in the War of the Rebellion, was born July 31, 1816, at Jerusalem, Southampton county, Va. He was appointed cadet. United States Military Academy, July I, 1S36 ; second lieutenant, 3d United States Artillery, July i, 1840; first lieutenant, April 30, 1844; captain, December 24, 1B53 ; major, 2d Cavalry, May 12, 1855; lieutenant-colonel, April 25, 1861 ; colonel, May 3, 1861 ; (5th Cavalry, August 3, 1861 ;) brigadier-general, October 27, 1S63 ; major-general, December 15, 1864; brigadier-general, United Slates Volunteers. August 3, i85i ; major-general, April 25, 1862; vacated com- mission in Volunteer service, December 15. 1864; breveted first lieutenant, United States Army, November 6, 1841, for gallantry and good conduct in the war against the Florida Indians; captain, September 23, 1846, for gallant conduct in the several conflicts at Monterey, Mex.; major, February 23, 1847, for gallant and meritorious conduct in the battle of Buena Vista, Mex. The Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, resolved, March 3, 1865: "That the thanks of Congress are due, and are hereby tendered, to Major-General George H. Thomas, and the officers and soldiers under his command, for their skill and dauntless courage, by which the rebel army under General Hood was signally defeated and driven from the State of Tennessee." He died, March 28, 1870, at San Francisco, Cal. General Sherman says of Thomas: "In personal appearance he resembled George Washington, and, in all the attributes of manhood, he was the peer of General Lee, as good, if not a better, soldier, of equal intelligence, the same kind hearti beloved to idolatry by his army of the Cumberland, exercising a gentle, but strict discipline, never disturbed by false rumors or real danger, not naturally aggressive, but magnificent on the defensive." THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. 1 57 commanded by General Thomas J. Jackson, who afterward became so famous in the war under the sobriquet of '* Stonewall " Jackson." His force, consisting of a brigade of four regiments and four pieces of artillery, retreated to Big Spring three and a half miles south of Martinsburg, and then to Darkesville, where they were joined by General Johnston. He made a stand there for four days and then fell back to Winchester, which he began to fortify. General Patterson took possession of Martinsburg, the evening of the battle, without further opposition. Down to this period in the campaign, Winchester SI Thomas J. Jackson, (Stonewall,) next to General Lee the most dis- tingfuished officer on the Confederate side, was born in Virginia. Enter- ing West Point, he graduated July r, 1846, and entered the United States Army, as brevet second lieutenant of artillery. He served through the Mexican War, 1846-48, taking part in all the hard-fought battles, from Vera Cruz to the City of Mexico, and was breveted captain, August 20, 1847, for Contraras and Churubusco, and major, September 13, 1847, for Chapultepec and Mexico. He resigned, and was honorably discharged, February 29, 1852. From 1852 to 1861, he was professor of natural and experimental philosophy and instructor of artillery at the Virginia Military Institute, When the War of the Rebellion broke out, he entered the Confederate service, as major of artillery, and was brigadier-general, June 17, t86i ; major-general, October 7, 1861 ; lieutenant-general, October ID, 1862, and died of wounds received at Chancellorsville, Va., May 10, 1863, at the age of forty, and was buried at Richmond. His career was exceptionally brilliant, and few officers, in modern times, have been greater in execution. On every great occasion he was Lee's right arm, and he never leaned on it in vain. To courage, fortitude, forbearance, and a celerity that almost equaled a comet's flight, he united a religious fervor that reminds us of the holy zeal of the Crusaders. No man ever had a firmer belief in the justice of his cause. 158 THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. was the objective point, and the attack was to have been a direct one. But, after reaching Martinsburg, and learning, more accurately, the strength of the enemy, our force was not believed to be adequate to attack him successfully. The enemy was found to be superior in numbers, and, in addition, was behind entrenchments ; which, although hastily thrown up, greatly strengthened his position. While this con- dition of things did not deter General Patterson from making preparations to move against him, he was obliged to wait for Stone's brigade, and the arrival of supplies. There was great deficiency in transpor- tation ; the wagons being only sufficient to carry a limited supply of forage and rations, while the bag- gage and camp equipage had to be reduced to the smallest bulk possible. Some officers carried their entire outfit on their back. Although the arm)' was small, there were serving in it several officers who made distinguished reputa- tions in the war. General Thomas stands at the head of these. He had but fewequals as a great soldier. Colonels Stone, Negley and Abercrombie became general officers and did excellent service. Major Fitz-John Porter''' was an able officer ; rose 32 Fitz-John Porter was graduated from the U. S. Military Academy, July 1, 1845, and appointed brevet second lieutenant, 4th Artillery. He served through the ilexican War, and was breveted captain and major, for gal- lant and meritorious conduct in the battles in the Valley. Between the Mexican and Civil VS'ar he served in various capacities at several points, THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. 1 59 to the rank of brevet major-general in the Volunteer service, and commanded a division. Captain New- ton became a major-general and corps commander, and Colonel Crossman attained the same rank in the quartermaster's department. A number of other field officers won their stars, and many company and non-commissioned officers became generals of brigade and division. The three months' service furnished thousands of officers for the great armies that subsequently battled for the Union. It was the people's West Point where their sons received their first lessons in war. including assistant adjutant-general United States Army, and held the same position in the Utah expedition, 1859. ^^ ^^s appointed briga- dier-general United States Army, June 27, 1862, and major-general of Volunteers, July 4, 1862. He commanded the ist Division, 3d Corps and the 5th Corps, Army of the Potomac. He was cashiered, January 21, 1863 ; restored to the rolls of the army by Act of Congress ; appointed colonel of Infantry, July i, 1886, and retired, August 7, 1886, He was an officer of capacity, and one of the most active at the outbreak of the war. CHAPTER VII. While Patterson's army is resting at Martinsburg, preparatory to an advance on Winchester, we will return to the Washington arsenal grounds, where we left the 25th, anxious for active service. It did not have long to wait. We have already mentioned Colonel Stone's "Auxiliary expedition " up the Po- tomac, to act in conjunction with the main column, and the part he was to take in the operations of the campaign. On the 28th of June, a battalion of five companies of the 25th, D, F, G, I and K, Captains McDonald, McCormic, Yeager, Davis and Dart, and com- manded by Lieutenant-Colonel Selheimer and Major Campbell, were ordered to join Colonel Stone near Edward's Ferry on the Potomac, opposite Leesburg, the remaining companies of the regiment to await orders, where they were then on duty. This put ofificers and men in high spirits, for none are so eager to take the field as the untried soldier, and, if the truth were told, visions of glory and promotion were floating through the minds of the boys as they were buckling on their armor. All was now bustle and excitement, with much " Hurrying to and fro " to complete the arrangements to march. THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. l6l The Guards was not behind the other companies in getting ready. The sick list had been increased of late, and six, reported too ill to be taken, were reluctantly left behind : Sergeant Rogers, and privates Rogers, Peirce, McCarty, Hough and Hogeland. The bat- talion left the arsenal grounds about 3 in the after- noon of the 28th, with colors flying, and the band, one of the best in the service, playing martial music. The fitting out of our little command meant busi- ness, and officers and men were garnished for war, the latter carrying sixty rounds of ammunition, with fifteen days' rations in the wagons. We marched up Seventh street to Pennsylvania avenue;' along that broad thoroughfare to the Treasury building,'' where a halt was made for orders and a guide ; thence past the White House, and the War and Navy Departments,^ and through Georgetown' to ^ Pennsylvania avenue, one of the longest in Washington, and the most prominent, extends from Rock Creek, which separates Washington from Georgetown, to the banks of Anacosta river, four and one-half miles. Its continuity is twice broken, once by the White House and Treasury, and again by the Capitol. Much of the way it is i6o feet wide, and never less than 120. It extends a mile through the finest business section of the city, and is the fashionable thoroughfare. 2 The present Treasury building is the third since the government was re- moved to Washington, in 1800 ; the first was burned by the British troops, in 1814, and the second destroyed by fire, March 31, 1833. The present structure was completed in 1841. Extensions were added between 1855 and 1869, the total cost reaching nearly $7,000,000. It is Grecian in archi- tecture, and built of Virginia free stone and Maine granite. 3 At the period of which we write, 1861, the War and Navy Departments were accommodated in two old three-story brick structures, on Pennsyl- 1 62 THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. the turnpike that leads into Montgomery county, Maryland. That afternoon we marched about eight miles, and at sundown bivouacked in a newly-mown hay field on the roadside. The day was hot and all were tired, and that night they slept soundly on the ground in the open air, the first experience of most of them in practical soldiering. The next day was Sunday, and, in spite of Satur- day's fatigue, the men turned out at reveille re- freshed, and ready to continue their journey. Our march was but eight miles to Rockville,' the county seat of Montgomery, where we quartered in a large building on the fair grounds, near the village. It rained most of the day, and all were thoroughly wet. This was not the most pleasant feature of a soldier's life, but all had made up their minds to take the vania avenue, a little to the west of the White House. These old build- ings were demolished, in i86g, and on their sites has been erected a palatial building of white marble, that accommodates the three Departments of State, W^ar and Navy. It is very spacious and elegant. ■* Georgetown, the port of entry of Washington City, is situated on the left bank of the Potomac, 125 miles from its mouth by the windings of the stream. It was laid out by Act of Assembly of Maryland, in 1751, and was a thriving town before Washington was thought of. It is built on a range of hills, and many of them are occupied by elegant private residences. It contains a number of public buildings, including a Catholic college and a military hospital. Georgetown has considerable commerce, and is one of the greatest shad and herring markets in the world. The popu- lation is about 15,000. '> Rockville, a post-village, capital of Montgomery county, Md., sixteen miles north-northwest of Washington City, contains a court house, jail, several churches, an academy, and a newspaper office. It is situated in a fine agricultural country. THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. 163 good and the bad as they came, without complaint, and I cannot recall a word of fault-finding. The camp-fires were built in a grove, and a fine spring near by furnished an abundance of pure water. The battalion remained at Rockville over Sunday, the men spending their time in rest and cleaning arms and equipments. Toward evening, the band played a few delightful tunes, and the officers and men joined in singing a new national hymn to the air of "Old Hundred." At night a strong chain of sentinels was posted around the camp to keep intruders out. Colonel Cake joined the battalion at Rockville, and Major Campbell bade it good-by to return to Wash- ington to prepare for the session of Congress, to meet the 4th of July. The battalion was on the march the next day, Monday, July ist, in the cool of the morning, and reached Poolsville," twenty miles, about dusk. The day was oppressively warm, and frequent halts to rest were made. The dust, stirred up by the tramp of the men, settled down in a cloud on the column, and added to the fatigue of the march. To travel all day on foot through the dust, under a burning sun, with a load of fifty pounds, about what a sol- dier's kit then weighed, is sufScient to make the stoutest heart grow weary. While pitching camp at Poolsville, a violent rain storm set in ; the water fell " Poolsville is a post-village of Montgomery county, Md. , sixty-five miles northwest of Annapolis, with a population of a few hundred. 164 THE DOVLESTOWN GUARDS. in torrents, and the wind blew almost a hurricane. Everybody was drenched to the skin, and the camp ground resembled a small lake. But little cooking- was done, and we all lay down to sleep in our wet clothes ; nevertheless, we passed a comfortable night and got up next morning prepared for a repe- tition of these vicissitudes were it necessary. Here we overtook Colonel Stone, who was pushing on to Harper's Ferry. We marched but six miles the 2d of July, and en- camped that night at the mouth of the Monocacy' river, on high ground overlooking the Virginia shore. During the march. Captain Davis, in command of an advance guard of fifty men, scoured the country, and especially the timber, within rifle shot on either side, to break up any ambush that might be laid, but nothing hostile was discovered. We were relieved by the ist New Hampshire' the next day, and re- sumed the march at 2 p. m., for Point-of-Rocks. The distance is nine miles and the country hilly. The only incident, worthy of note, was the fording of the Monocacy, middle deep to the men, who ' The Monccacy, formed by three creeks that rise in Adams county, Pa., and unite in the northern part of Fredericlc county, Md., falls into the Potomac near the boundary between Frederick and Montgomery counties, after a course of about fifty miles. » The 1st New Hampshire was commanded by Colonel Thomas J. Whipple, who was educated at Captain Partridge's Military Academy, Vt. He was adjutant of the 9th United States Infantry, Mexican War, and was taken prisoner while riding just outside the walls of Vera Cruz, THE DOYLESTOWX GUARDS. 1 65 plunged in and waded through as if it were a pleasure to be in the cool water. The companj^ dogs, six in number, swam the stream tied to the wagons. The next morning, " the Glorious Fourth," the troops in camp, including six companies of the New York 9th, paraded and fired a salute, followed by the band playing the National airs. We again overtook Colonel Stone at this place. The enemy had burned the bridge across the Potomac and did other damage. From Point-of-Rocks to Harper's Ferry, on the Mary- land side, the 25th went by rail, and encamped at a place convenient to springs and shade. The night was very cold, and the ne.xt morning the ground was white with frost. Our wagons arrived the same afternoon, under escort, in a march of twenty miles, and that evening we were joined by the remainder of the 9th New York. The wagon escort, some of them from the Guards, had a good deal to sa}' about the handsome manner they had been treated by the Union people along the road, and at one place the whole party was invited to dinner. They could hardly cease talking about milk, pies, bread and butter, beef, and other luxuries, making the rest of the company deplore the luck that did not send them with the baggage. The 17th Pennsylvania, commanded by Colonel Robert Patterson, a son of the General, was en- camped near the 25th. 1 66 THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. Soon after we went into camp a small body of the enemy came into Harper's Ferry and carried off several Union people, causing great alarm. That evening three companies came down to the ferry and had a smart skirmish with a picket of the New York gth, on the Maryland side. As the river was between them they could not come to close quarters, and the loss was trifling, that on our side being one killed, and two wounded, one of them mortally. One man of the 25th took part in the affair, and re- turned to camp begrimed with powder. In this march of sixty miles, the Guards stood the fatigue remarkably well, and there was not a sick man in the company when it reached the ferry. Captain Davis, not to be outdone by the men, carried his knapsack, weighing twenty pounds, every foot of the way. As Harper's Ferry was still in the hands of the enemy, our men were not allowed to cross the river, but the ruins of the public works, destroyed a few weeks before, could be plainly seen from the Maryland side. Prior to the war it was a place of great prosperity ; now only desolation prevailed. Since the war the site of the public works has fallen into private hands, and not a dollar has been spent in improvement. The column of Colonel Stone, now 2,500 strong, was composed of the battalion of the 25th, the gth New York, 1st New Hampshire and some artillery. When we left Washington, our destination was not THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. l6j positively known, but by the time we reached Har- per's Ferry, it was generally believed we were to join Patterson's army, then about crossing the Poto- mac at Williamsport, to march on Martinsburg and Winchester. The latter was in the possession of a strong body of the enemy, commanded by General Johnston. In the meantime. Colonel Stone had planned an attack on Harper's Ferry, to drive out the enemy, to take place on the morning of the 6th of July. Of course, the Guards was to have a finger in this little military pie. Captain Davis was ordered to scale the mountain peak on the Maryland side that overlooks the town, with sixty sharp- shooters, to prevent the enemy getting possession of the canal, and to cover the fording of the river below. But these plans were suddenly broken up. About 3 o'clock on the morning the assault was to have been made, the pickets brought two strangers into camp, who proved to be couriers from General Patterson, with orders for Colonel Stone to march immediately to reinforce him at Martinsburg. This changed the destination of the column and the Guards. The camp was aroused immediately, and, as soon as a hasty breakfast could be swallowed, the tents were struck, wagons loaded, and the march begun. The tents were left behind to be sent by rail to Frederick," to be stored. This was the last " Frederick, the county seat of the county of the same name, in Mary- l68 THE DOYLESTOWN GUARD?. we saw of them, and for the remainder of the cam- paign the men had little other shelter on the march than such as they could improvise where they bivouacked, generally sleeping in the open air if it did not rain; and often when it did rain, if no pro- tection was to be had. We marched along the Maryland side of the Potomac, passing in front of Harper's Ferry, where the river is not more than 300 yards wide. As we passed around the bend in the river, we received word the enemy was about to cross and attack our wagon train, then in advance. At the word, the troops started on the double-quick, and maintained it for a half mile, and until word was received the alarm was a false one. The heat was great, and some of the men of the Guards did not recover from their fatigue until after reaching Martinsburg. After a rest from this hurry-up, the column resumed the march through the foot hills of the Blue Ridge, in the direction of Sharpsburg,'" where they arrived about 3 in the afternoon. land, is situated in a fertile country, forty-four miles northwest of Wash- ington, sixty-five west of Baltimore, and is connected with both by rail. It is the second or third town in the State in point of wealth, manufactures and trade ; the houses are well-built, and the streets broad and straight. It contains several churches, banks, a college and other seminaries of learning. The population is about 12,000. During the war it was occu- pied by both armies, but suffered no damage. 10 Sharpsburg, a post-village of Washington county, Md., sixteen miles south of Hagerstown, with a population of a few hundred, lies just west of Antietam creek. During the great battle that took place near the vil- lage, between the armies of McClellan and Lee, September 17, 1862, it was occupied by the Confederates, and they named the battle after it. THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. 169 The column made a halt at Sharpsburg to rest, and shoe the team horses. We found this to be a pleasant place, situated in a valley, with a rolling country around it. The inhabitants were generally for the Union, at least they made us think so, and welcomed the troops with cheers and other demon- strations. The Stars and Stripes was flying in all parts of the town ; every house was thrown open, and their hospitalities freely tendered to officers and men. The children, not to be outdone by their parents, paraded in aprons of red, white and blue. A portion of the brigade preceded the 25th to this place, and the remainder came up while our battalion was there. We were now on the field where the battle of Antietam" was fought, in September, 1862, one of 1^ The battle of Antietam, fought the 17th of September, 1862, was one of the severest of the war. It was here the Union army turned the tide of the Confederate invasion of the North, and drove the enemy into Virginia. If we regard the method of fighting it differed, materially, from every other great battle of the Rebellion. It was a fair, stand up fight, out in the open, for neither party made use of rifle-pits or entrenchments, and tested the courage and endurance of both armies. The spade and the pick, useful weapons later in the war, were not called into requisition on that bloody day. The field is admirably situated for a great battle, and from the key of the Confederate position the movements of both armies could be overlooked. The enemy had the choice of position, and the Union army was obliged to fight him on his own ground. Not only was the Confederate position a strong one, but it was strengthened by Antietam creek, which separated the combatants until the battle opened. The fight- ing was desperate, and the loss heavy on both sides. General McClellan has been severely and unjustly criticized for Antietam ; especially for not capturing Lee's army, a thing easier said than done. In the light of facts 170 THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. the best contested actions of the war, and where the enemy could have been crushed if the foresight had been as good as the hindsight. We resumed the march in the afternoon up the Hagerstown turnpike, passing the Dunkard church/'^ the key to the battle, and, during the day, was in possession of both not then known, I recognize the mistakes made. McClellan had the right to believe, and did believe, from the most reliable information, that the Army of the Potomac was outnumbered by the enemy. He was not only justified, but it was his duty, to fight the battle based on this knowledge. Had the contrary been known the defeat of the enemy would have been much more crushing. If it were possible, in a great battle, for either army to draw aside the veil that conceals the other, how different might be the result. Military and other critics should bear in mind that the hind- sight is a great deal better than the foresight. Instead of unfavorable criticism, the Army of the Potomac and its commander are entitled to the thanks of the country for doing so well at Antietam. General McClellan took command of a beaten and thoroughly demoralized army, which he organized on the march to meet the enemy. He received neither orders nor instructions, nor did he know the views of the administration, ex- cept their general wish to repel the proposed invasion of the North, if that were possible. He was satisfied he had enemies in rear as well as front. On the other hand, Lee's army was one of the most gallant that ever car- ried arms ; it was in splendid condition, and its spirit was raised to the highest pitch by a series of unbroken victories Nevertheless, McClellan accomplished what he set out to do, save the North from invasion and the capital from capture. Everything considered, this is a very good showing. The country has never appreciated the victory at Antietam, and never will, until patriotism and justice get the better of partisan rancor, 12 The Dunkard church, a small stone structure on the Hagerstown pike, less than a mile above Sharpsburg, was the key to the Confederate position at Antietam ; overlooked the whole field, and commanded every part of it. It was in the possession of both parties during the day, and some severe fighting took place immediately around it. At its close, it was converted into an hospital. I was told a child was born in a small house, within a hundred yards of it, the day of the battle. THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. 171 armies, and we bivouacked that night in a wood six miles beyond Sharpsburg. At that early day in the war, the most ardent dreamer could not have imagined the peaceful country, we were passing through, would be the scene of a sanguinary battle inside of fifteen months, and yet such was the case. The next day was Sunday, but the column resumed the march for Williamsport on the Potomac, eight miles, where we were to cross into Virginia. We arrived there before noon. After parading through the town, much to the delight of the Union people, the children and negroes, we marched a mile to a piece of timber, where the troops stacked arms and cooked dinner. The rest and shade were very re- freshing ; and the little column resumed the march at 4 o'clock, in much better condition than it arrived. The brigade forded the Potomac at Williamsport, reaching the river near sundown, followed by the wagons. The 9th New York and ist New Hamp- shire had preceded the 25th, and were already en- camped on the Virginia shore. As our battalion marched through the town, a number of citizens accompanied us to witness the crossing. The river here is about the third of a mile wide, and from two to three feet deep ; the water clear, and the bottom covered with sharp stones. The companies were halted on the bank to make preparations to cross. Some of the men took off their shoes and rolled up 172 THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. their pantaloons, but the greater number, following the example of ''Cousin Sally Dillard," of North Carolina memory, "waded right through" as they stood. As the Guards entered the stream, the men began singing : " When I can read my title clear, I'm in the stream a drinking, I'll bid farewell to every fear, I'm on my journey home. Chorus — " Glory to God, I'm in the stream a drinking, Glory to God, I'm on my journey home.''^^ This was kept up at intervals, until across. The Virginia shore was lined with troops, and cheers rent the air as the 25th stepped upon the sacred soil of the Old Dominion. Several ladies were there to witness it. We bivouacked in a field near the river, and "slept the sleep of the just" without rocking. We supped on adamantine crackers and salt flitch, the food the government furnished its defenders. 13 The hymn was started by private Lawrence Frankenfield, and imme- diately taken up by the company. Several of the men were Methodists and accustomed to singing. The chorus was slightly changed from the original, " I'm at the Fountain Drinking," which, thirty-five years ago, was sung in the Methodist church, Doylestown, to a spirited hymn called, " The High- way of Holiness," beginning " Jesus My All, to Heaven is Gone." In the Revivalist^ published at New York, 1868, this chorus is set to music with the hymn entitled, " At the Fonntain," harmonized by Miss Eva L. Wells, but I have not been able to trace the authorship. As sung by the company, it had a thrilling effect, as the hundreds who heard it can bear testimony. Under its inspiration the company forded the river with spirit, and stepped upon the soil of Virginia like conquerors. THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. 1 73 The brigade resumed the march the next morning for Martinsburg, distance fifteen miles, and arrived there at 10 a. m. The weather was warm and dust deep, and when the battalion was halted in the little valley that was to be its resting place for a few days, the men were almost ready to drop from ex- haustion. The camp of the 25th was called after Captain McCormick, of the Lochiel Grays. Stone's command entered the town with the band playing "The Star-Spangled Banner," and thousands of soldiers and citizens crowded the streets to cheer it. His troops were complimented on their fine appearance after their long and fatiguing march. On our march from the Potomac to Martinsburg, five miles brought us to the Porterfield farm, the scene of the battle of Falling Waters, where Patter- son's advance defeated the enemy, the 2d of July. The dwelling and farm buildings were burned, and hundreds of acres of wheat ready for the cradle trampled down and ruined, and the fences over- turned. There was evidence of a hasty retreat, while the trees along the road proved that Patter- son's guns had thrown cold iron about very care- lessly. The little ravine, the Guards encamped in during the week's stay at Martinsburg, the boys called the " Happy Valley," but as it rained nearly every day, there is some question if the location was as happy 174 THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. as the name implied. The camp of the Guards was much admired by visiting officers. Four tents were issued to each company of the 25th regiment, not half enough, but the men made up the deficiency in tents with huts and bough houses. It will be remembered that Sergeant Rogers was left behind, in charge of a squad of sick men, when the company marched from Washington. A day or two after our arrival at Martinsburg, a note was re- ceived from him, stating his party had arrived at Harper's Ferry, were well, and wished to rejoin the company, but were prevented by Captain Braceland, 9th New York, in command, who thought them too few in number to continue the march in safety. They had a slight skirmish with the enemy on their way up, but no one was hurt. Among the troops which joined Patterson at Martinsburg, was the nth Indiana, Colonel Lew Wallace," which had come from West Virginia. i** Lewis Wallace, son of Governor David Wallace, of Indiana, was born in 182S. After finishing his edudation, he began to read law, but, the Mexican War breaking out, he relinquished it to enter the army, and served as lieutenant in the ist Indiana. On his return home, at the close of the war, he finished his studies, and was admitted to the bar. He served one terra in the State Senate. He was colonel of the nth Indiana in the three months' service in the Rebellion, and afterward distinguished himself at Fort Donelson and Shiloh, reaching the grades of brigadier and major-gen- eral. Since the war he has turned his attention to literature and the lecture field, two of his works, " The Fair God" and " Ben Hur," yielding him fame and money. He represented the government several years at Con- stantinople as American Minister. THE DOVLESTOWX GUARDS. 1 75 Among his non-commissioned staff was Sergeant- Major John C Black/' a young man of eighteen who has since achieved distinction. ^5 John Charles Black is the descendant of Pennsylvania ancestry in the direct line, in the seventh generation. His father, the Rev. John Black, D. D., was a distinguished Presbyterian divine, born in Westmoreland county, in 1804, and his mother, Josephine L. Culbertson, of Franklin county. They removed to Mississippi, soon after their marriage, in 1834, where the son was born, January 27, 1839. The father dying in 1847. the mother, with her four children, returned North and settled at Danville, Illinois, where she remarried. After receiving a preparatory education, John C. Black entered Wabash College, in 1858. where he was pursuing his studies at the outbreak of the war. He closed his books, enlisted as a private in the nth Indiana regiment, and was mustered into service the 19th of April, i86r. He was appointed sergeant-major of his regiment, and served with it through the three months' campaign in West Vir- ginia, under General Kelley, and with General Patterson in the Shenan- doah Valley, At the expiration of his enlistment, he returned home and was mustered out, August 4th. He re-entered the service, August 15, 1S61, as major of the 37th Illinois, and went to the front in September. He now served four years, seeing a great variety of service in the field. He was three times promoted for distinguished gallantry — lieutenant-colonel, June g, 1862 ; colonel, February x, 1863, and brevet brigadier-general, United States Volunteers, March 13, 1865. He took part in some of the severest battles in the Souih, including Pea Ridge, the siege of Vicksburg, was in the Red river campaign, and at the siege and capture of Mobile. He is almost disabled by wounds, and receives the largest pension of any one on the rolls. General Black resigned August 15, 1865, four months after the close of the war, and returned home. He now read law ; was admitted to the bar, and soon obtained a 'arge and lucrative practice. He rapidly grew in public estimation. He was three times nominated for Congress in a strong opposition district, receiving a very flattering vote ; declined the Demo- cratic nomination for governor ; and refused the use of his name as a can- didate for Vice President, in the Democratic convention of 1884. Two days after President Cleveland's inauguration, General Black was tendered the appointment of Commissioner of Pensions, which he accepted and im- mediately entered upon the discharge of the duties. His administration of 178 THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. his luxurious home, and died in comparative poverty. His case, one of many, is a sad commentary on civil war. The order to march on Winchester' was issued soon after the arrival of Stone's brigade, and bore date the same day, July 8th. The army, consisting of two divisions, commanded by Generals Cadwala- der and Keim, and the brigades of Thomas and Stone, with some cavalry and two light batteries, was to move the next morning, in two columns on separate roads, Stone's brigade leading the left wing on a road parallel to the Winchester turnpike. The wagons were to follow in rear of the columns. When we lay down to sleep that night, there was not a man in camp who did not expect to move direct on the enemy the next morning, and not a few had visions of military glory floating through their brain. But disappointment is sure to come when least expected. From some cause, not then made known to company commanders, the order ^ Winchester, the capital of' Frederick county, W. Va., in the cele- brated Valley of Virginia, 150 miles north-northwest of Richmond, is the terminus of the W^inchester and Potomac railroad, which connects with the Baltimore and Ohio at Harper's Ferry, thirty miles distant. A num- ber of turnpikes radiate from the town in several directions, which attract a large amount of trade and travel. It is regularly laid out, solidly built, mostly with brick and stone, and is supplied with water from a spring, a half mile distant. It contains twelve churches, two banks, and the popu- lation is about 6,000. During the late war it was held by both parties, and there were frequent conflicts around it. THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. 1 79 to march was countermanded at midnight. This changed the situation of affairs. The next day General Patterson called a council of officers,' and, after a full conference, the march on Winchester was aTjandoned. Not an officer present at the conference, and several of them had been many years in the regular army and served in the Mexican War, was in favor of the forward movement. The reasons assigned by these officers were substantially the same: that the present situa- tion of the army was very exposed, and our line a false one ; that Johnston should be threatened from some other point; there should be a flank move- ment on Charlestown ;■* inadequate supplies and = At the council of officers, held at Martinsburg, the gth of July, were Colonel Grossman, quartermaster ; Captain Beckwith, commissary ; Cap- tain Simpson, Topographical Engineers ; Captain Newton, Engineers ; Colonel Stone, Colonel Thomas, and Colonel Abercrombie, all regular officers, who had served in Mexico, and Generals Negley, Keim and Cad- walader, of the Volunteer service, two of whom had likewise served in the army in Mexico. They were all of one mind, that it would be dangerous to extend the present line, and all approved the flank movement to Charlestown. The reasons given were substantially the same. The questions of subsistence and ammunition, and their transportation, were serious ones, and the officers in charge of these departments had great doubt whether they could be supplied. General Patterson would not have been justified in rejecting the advice of these officers under the circum- stances. The wisdom of the decision was confirmed by the receipt of a telegram, two days after\vard, from Adjutant-General Townsend, which announced that the plan of Johnston, recently come to light, was " to have drawn Patterson sufficiently far back from the river to render impossible his retreat across it on being vanished." * Charlestown, a post-village and capital of Jefferson county, W. Va., l80 THE DOYLESTOWiNT GUARDS. transportation, and the greatly superior strength of the enemy entrenched at Winchester. As General Scott had advised General Patterson to take his measures "circumspectly," to make good use of his "engineers and 'other experienced staff officers and generals," and "attempt nothing with- out a clear prospect of success,"^ he felt justified in yielding to the advice of the council. None of the estimates of the strength of the enemy at Win- chester, and some were from personal observation, made it less than 30,000, with sixteen pieces of artillery. Some placed it higher than these figures. Patterson's force at Martinsburg was but 18,200, and, after deducting the garrison to be left for it, the sick, the rear and wagon guards, he would not have been able to take more than 14,000 effectives into the field." is on the Winchester and Potomac railroad, i68 miles north of Richmond, and 60 northwest of Washington. It is surrounded by a beautiful and fertile country. The population is about 2,000 Old John Brown was con- victed and hanged at Charlestown for his murderous attaclc on the arsenal at Harper's Ferry. s The following is the despatch : "Talce your measures, therefore, cir- cumspectly ; make good use of your engineers and other experienced staff officers and generals, and attempt nothing without a clear prospect of suc- cess, as you will find the enemy strongly posted, and not inferior to you in numbers." Patterson's strength was overestimated. Twelve regiments ordered to join him never did. His largest force was accumulated at Martins- burg, about 18,200 men. Leaving two regiments behind when he marched from there, and making the other necessary deductions, he could not have gone into action with more than 13,500, and at the time Johnston marched THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. l8l The next day after the conference the gth of July, General Patterson wrote to General Scott, advising him of his future plans, saying: *' I propose to move this force to Charlestown, from which point I can more easily strike Win- chester; march to Leesburg, when necessary; open communication to a depot to be established at Har- per's Ferry, and occupy the main avenue of supply to the enemy." from Winchester, he could not have taken into battle over 10,000. It is always difficult to get at the strength of the enemy. General Patterson made every effort to ascertain the force Johnston had at Winchester. He got his information from Union men, prisoners, deserters and other sources, who substantially agreed that he had about 40,000 men and sixty guns of all kinds and calibre. Captain Wellmore, of a Maryland regiment, ■who was captured at Charlestown, put it at this number. A Virginian, who served at Falling \Vaters under Jackson, stated to General Kegley that Johnston had 42,000 men at Winchester, and marched with 35,000 to re- inforce Beauregard. This was sustained by Mr, McDonald, a reporter, in a statement to General Cadwalader. Mr. Lackland, brother of Colonel Lackland living near Charlestown, and recently returned from Win- chester, stated July 20, 1861, that Johnston had at that place 35,000 men, of whom 30,000 were volunteers and 5,200 militia. On the 17th of March. 1862, after General Abercrombie had gone over the ground occupied by Johnston, at Winchester, in July, 1S61, and taken other means to arrive at the truth, he wrote General Patterson : " I think you may rely on this ; Johnston had 26,000 volunteers that were mustered into the service, and between 6,000 and 7,000 of what Ijiey call militia, making some 32,000 or 33,000 men. The trenches extend some four or five miles." Patterson had to act on information then before him, and that fully sustains the de- cision of the council of officers and his action based thereon. Under these circumstances, and the instructions, " If the enemy were to retire upon his resources at Winchester, it is not enjoined that you pursue him to that distance from your base of operations without a well-grounded confidence in your continued superiority^^'' f::oM\A General Patterson have taken any other course? 1 82 THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. In reply General Scott telegraphed: "Go where you propose in your letter of the 9th inst.'" This gave Patterson the desired authority for changing his line of march, and the plan, for striking the enemy at Winchester in front, was no longer thought of. The army remained inactive a week at Martins- burg, which gave the 25th regiment opportunity to recuperate from the long and fatiguing march from Washington. The Doylestown Guards took great pride in arranging its camp and keeping it in the best possible order, and received many compliments from visitors. Among the articles captured at Martinsburg were three or four hundred barrels of flour and whisky; the former was turned over to the commissary of subsistence, to be issued to the troops, and the latter poured into the gutters. This was taking advanced ground on prohibition. The enemy caused great destruction of property at Martin.sburg. Fifty-two locomotives and several passenger and freight cars of the Baltimore and ' "Washington, July 12, 1861, 1.30 p. m. " Go where you propose in your letter of the gth instant. Should that movement cause the enemy to retreat upon Manassas, via Strasburg, to follow him at this distance would seem hazardous, whereas the route from Charlestown, via Keyes* Ferry, Hillsboro and Leesburg, toward Alexandria, with the use of the canal on the other side of the river for transportation, may be practicable. Consider this suggestion well, and, except in extreme case, do not recross the Potomac with more than a sufficient detachment for your supplies on the canal. Let me hear from, you on Tuesday. Write often when en route. (Signed) Winfield Scott. " Major-General Patterson, Martinsburg, Virginia." THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. 1 83 Ohio railroad were laying in a mass of ruins ; and one large engine, whose destruction had not been completed, was still hanging on the abutment of a bridge, as if ready to make a plunge of thirty feet to the road below. A fine bridge was burned, and all the machinery in the shops of the company de- stroyed. I never before saw what appeared to be such wanton destruction of valuable property. The railroad was wrecked for many miles, and it required several months to put it in order for travel. There was great bitterness among the inhabitants of the town toward all suspected of Union senti- ments. So intense was the feeling, that a sign swinging before an inn, kept by an old lady, was torn down because it had the word " Union " upon it. The soldiers bought her a new sign and put it up, but it is doubtful if it were allowed to remain after the troops left. The editor and proprietor of the Virginia Republi- can, published at Martinsburg, having joined the enemy, his office was seized by the printers of a Pennsylvania regiment and a new paper, called The American Union' issued. It was a small sheet, de- 8 The American Union was a small affair in the shape of a newspaper, being a sheet 13x12^ inches, and three columns to a page. At its head was Jackson's well-known motto, a little distorted, "The Union Must and Shall Be Preserved." It was edited by Captain W^illiam B. Sipes, of the 2d Pennsylvania Volunteers. The first issue contained a notice from the provost marshal, prohibiting all persons selling liquor to soldiers on 1 84 THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. voted to army gossip, and sold at two cents. The first number appeared July 9th, and, what was called the "Second Edition," was issued the nth, probably the only two numbers published. Both are in the possession of the author. The Guards had the pleasure of meeting their old friends, the Worth Infantry, at Martinsburg, and renewing the acquaint- ance made at Camp Scott. It had the reputa- tion of being one of the best drilled companies in the division. The army marched for Bunker Hill," fifteen miles, on the 15th, and arrived there the middle of the afternoon of the same day. The country is hilly and broken ; the heat was oppressive, and the progress slow, with many halts. We moved in two divisions, General Cadwalader leading. As he approached Bunker Hill, he encountered 600 rebel cavalry sent out from Winchester, to cut off our advance, should the opportunity offer. The Rhode Island battery threw a few shells among them, when they scattered in every direction, with the loss of one man killed and five taken prisoners. We lost none. In their hurry to get out of harm's way, many things were left in their camp — pistols, swords, etc., and in a wood was a fine beef just slaughtered. That evening any occasion whatever. The price was two cents per copy, and "not more than ten copies will be sold to one person." " Bunker Hill is an insignificant hamlet, and would never have been heard of except for the war. THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. 1 85 the beef went into the camp kettles of the Union defenders to strengthen their stomachs for the work before them. We saw few inhabitants in the country we marched through, they having gone off with the enemy or were afraid to show themselves. Prior to leaving Martinsburg, General Patterson made ar- rangements to occupy Harper's Ferry, and directed a supply of rations to be sent to a point on the river opposite. The 25th regiment, now a part of Sanford's division, bivouacked at Bunker Hill in a pine wood near a mill, with the wagons parked close by in a wheat field. At sundown some of the bands, and there were several fine ones in the command, turned out and played delightful music. At night the country, apparently for miles around, was dotted with the camp-fires of the army. We lay all day, the i6th, in and around Bunker Hill, with pickets advanced to give notice of the ap- proach of the enemy, should he leave his entrench- ments at Winchester. A reconnoisance, made during the day in that direction, showed the roads to be very much obstructed by fallen trees, fences built across them, and other well known means taken to impede the march of an army. General Scott had informed General Patterson he expected the battle, that has passed into history as " Bull Run," would be fought on the i6th, and he looked for him to de- 1 86 THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. tain Johnston at Winchester until that day. When night came, and Patterson knew Johnston had been at Winchester all the i6th, he beheved his army had fulfilled its mission, and the battle of Bull Run fought, and probably won, without the enemy re- ceiving assistance from him. The battle, how- ever, was not fought until the 2ist, five days after the alloted time, but General Patterson had not been advised of the contemplated delay in the movement against the enemy from Washington. As a matter of fact, Patterson detained Johnston at Winchester until the i8th, two days longer than required. In the face of this, which all will readily understand who study the campaign in the Shenanadoah Valley, some inconsiderate critics still blame Patterson for not detaining Johnston at Winchester, and try to make him the scape-goat for the stupid blunders of others. Meanwhile, preparations were making for the pro- posed flank movement on Charlestown, which would place the army in a better position for offensive or defensive operations, whichever might be thought advisable. We marched from Bunker Hill the morn- ing of the 17th, the distance to Charlestown being twelve miles, and from there to Winchester, sixteen , miles. General Stone was notified, the evening be- fore, that to his brigade had been assigned the ad- vance, and that he should be under arms early. This THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. 1 87 was welcome news. As the 25th was to lead the column, it broke camp shortly after midnight, and was ready to march by two ; but the other regiments not being ready, it was kept waiting until four, when it got under way. We passed through a very beautiful and fruitful country. When the column was en route it extended about four miles from front to rear. It was an attractive sight to see this long line of troops and white-covered wagons winding in and out among the hills, looking in the distance, not unlike a great serpent crawling over the country. Scouts were kept some distance in front, with flankers on either side, to give warning of any at- tempted approach of the enemy. During the march we had an alarm, and what march is worth anything without one ? There was a rumor we were about to meet the enemy. The head of the column, the 25th still leading, was halted in a small village to rest, the Guards stopping in front of the cottage of an old woman who pro- fessed to be a friend to the Union. Resuming the march, we had not gone over half a mile, when it was whispered through the ranks, " The enemy is at hand." We halted ; were then ordered to enter a field to the right of the road, and form in column of companies. The fences were pulled down, and the troops commenced taking up their positions. The scene was interesting and exciting. 1 88 THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. The 25th marched in by the flank and formed among the cocks of newly mown hay ; arms were stacked and the men threw themselves on the ground to rest. They were cool, and felt confident. Just in front was the ist New Hampshire, and the 9th New York, a fine regiment, formed a line on our right. Perkins' artillery unlimbered and came into battery within two hundred yards. The road was packed with troops hurrying up, and for a mile to the right the country was alive with them, forming for the expected conflict. Artillery, cavalry and in- fantry were taking up their position, in line and column on every side, and mounted officers were dashing about with orders. It all reminded me of what Lord Byron wrote of the initiative steps, preparatory to the battle of Waterloo : " The steed, The mustering squadron and the clattering car Went pouring forward with impetuous speed And swiftly forming in the ranks of war." The field selected was well adapted to a battle. The troops faced the southwest, occupying a broad swell in the ground, with numerous elevations that commanded the country. In front was a gradual slope for five hundred yards to a dense wood, and to the rear the country fell off to the village half a mile away. General Patterson and stafT rode to the front to look at the situation. The scene was thrilling, and the troops felt all the ex- citement consequent on preparation for battle, with- THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. 1 89 out the bloodshed that usually follows. Not a man on the field expected aught else than a battle, and I believe all had " screwed up their courage to the sticking point." The troops remained in position half an hour, when the advance was ordered to move towards the wood in front. We soon came out on the main road and continued to march to Charles- town, where we arrived the same afternoon without further incident. The army lay close about the town, the 25th bivouacking on a steep wheat-stubble field, the most unpleasant location it had yet found. The change of base to Charlestown was advan- tageous in a military point of view. It was nearer Winchester than Martinsburg, and, if a forward movement were to be made, the army was in better situation to make it. It was, also, within two days march of Leesburg, and but twelve miles from Harper's Ferry. As Charlestown had been made a depot of supplies for the enemy at Winchester, the presence of the Union army was not welcome. Cir- cumstances, over which General Patterson had no control, prevented him making the forward move- ment, he so much desired, from this point. He was now stared in the face by the stern, hard fact, that within seven days the term of service of eighteen Pennsylvania regiments, the flower of his army, would expire. None of them were willing to prolong their service or re-enlist, and until their places could be 1 90 THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. supplied by other troops, no offensive movement was possible.'" In addition, many of the troops were without shoes which the government declined to supply, and as neither officers nor men had been paid they were unable to purchase. General Scott was advised of the true state of af- fairs, and was asked for instructions," but none were received. General Patterson telegraphed him at 1.30 p. m., on the i8th, "Shall I attack?" To this no answer was returned ; and Patterson, who was ex- pected to act in conjunction with McDowell, was left in ignorance of his movements from Wednesday, July 17th, to Monday, the 22d, when the disastrous result at Manassas was first learned through the 10 Patterson's army was composed almost exclusively of three months' troops. Two companies were discharged on the iSth, and the term of service of eighteen regiments would expire within seven days. He made a formal appeal to these troops to stay a few days until he could be rein- forced, but the appeal was almost in vain. Three regiments agreed to remain ten days over their time. With such a force it would not have been safe to advance on Winchester. " Headquarters Department of Pennsylvania, 1 Chaklestovjtn, Va., July 17, 1861. ) ********** *' Shall I occupy, permanently, Harper's Ferry, or withdraw entire'ly ? I wrote yesterday on this subject, and now wish to be informed of the inten- tions of the general-in-chief. My march to-day was without opposition or incident of importance. The country has been drained of men. This place has been a depot for supplies for the force at Winchester, and the presence of the army is not welcome. (Signed) " R. Patterson, " Col. E. D. Townsend, Major-General Commanding. " Assistant Adjutant-General U. S. Army, "Washington, D. C." THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. 19I newspapers. He also telegraphed Scott from Charlestown on the 20th, that Johnston, with a por- tion of his force, had left Winchester, by the road to Millwood,'" on the afternoon of the 1 8th, which leaves no ground for saying headquarters was not kept fully advised of the enemy's movements. ^^ Millwood is a small post-village of Clark county, Va., 140 miles north by west of Richmond. It has several flouring mills. CHAPTER IX. Shortly after the army reached Charlestown, Cap- tain Davis was placed in command of the town, with sufficient force to preserve order." The same day, or the following, he was appointed Provost Marshal, and regularly placed on duty as such, with head- quarters at the court house, with a force of one hun- dred and fifty men, including his own company.' This oiKice is a vexatious one at all times, as the pro- vost is called upon to discharge all manner of duties, ' Headquarters Department of Pennsylvania, i Charlestown, Va.. July 17, 1861. j Provost Marshal, Charlestown, Va., Szr : — You have control of the town, and all searching is to be done by your officers, not by outsiders. Generals Sanford and Cadwalader and Keim are directed to leave all to you, A g;uard is ordered to report to you from each division to aid, and to be under your direction only. By order of General Patterson, (Signed) F. J. Porter, To Captain Davis, Assistant Adjutant-General. 25th Pennsylvania Volunteers, " Headquarters Department of Pennsylvania, I Charlestown, Va., July 18, 1861. ) To the Commanding Officer of the Provost Guard, Sz'r : — Three companies have been directed to report to you, and you will see that the town is cleared of stragglers, and guards posted wherever it may be necessary to prevent soldiers from annoying citizens or entering private houses or grounds. I am, sir, your obedient servant, (Signed) F. J_ Porter, Captain W. W. H. Davis. Assistant Adjutant-General. THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. I93 which others will not, or cannot, perform. He had charge of the conduct of the citizens, generally ; and if one wished to go into the country he had to call at the marshal's office and get a pass. Before our arrival, Charlestown was the head- quarters of a band of rebel militia, occupied, prin- cipally, in pressing the young men of the town and surrounding country into that service. It was re- ported that the arms of a military company were concealed in, or about, the court house, but careful search failed to discover them.' Sergeant Rogers and party, left behind when the company marched from Washington, joined us on the 1 8th, when he was detailed for duty as clerk, in the provost mar- shal's office, and made an excellent one. That night he and Captain Davis slept on a bench in the court room where John Brown was tried and con- victed.' A number of citizens were made prisoners 3 Captain DAVib, Acting; Provost Marshal, Captain : — Cause an immediate search to be made under and about the eaves of the court house for the arms of a militia company said to be con- cealed there. Respectfully, &c., (Signed) Charles P. Stone, July 79, 1861. Colonel Commanding 7th Brigade. 4 The attack of John Brown and his party of seventeen white men and negroes on the United States arsenal at Harper's Ferry, Va., Sunday night, October 17, 1859, startled the country. The night of the 24th wis the time originally fixed by Brown, but it was hastened by a suspicion that one of his party was a traitor. The attack was so quietly made, that the town and arsenal buildings were -several hours in the possession of the in- surgents before the citizens were aware of it. When the alarm was 194 THE DOVLESTOWN GUARDS. for divers infractions of the law rnilitaire, or under the general, and convenient, charge of being " dis loyal," of whom seven were carried to Harper's Ferry and turned over to the civil authorities. Twenty-five years afterward, the writer met one of these men at the Ferry, who chatted about, and laughed over, his experience on that occasion. The location of Charlestown is pleasant and the country thereabouts fertile and picturesque. But the in- habitants were not loaded down with loyalty to the Federal government, and our occupation of their beautiful village was anything but agreeable to them. Among the visitors to the provost marshal's office, to look at and admire the Doylestown Guards, was a young soldier of seventeen, a sergeant in the Wayne Guards, from West Chester, and then quar- termaster-sergeant of the 9th Pennsylvania regiment. He had a very high opinion of the drill and disci- pline of the Guards, and we have heard him since say, he then wondered if he should ever reach the command of an equally good company. This young soldier could not read what the future had in store for him. He attained high rank and command dur- sounded, the military ilocked to the scene of conflict, and, after some loss of life, Brown and his party were killed or captured, the survivors, four in number, being lodged in jail at Charlestown, the night of the igth. He was tried, found guilty, and sentenced to be hanged, and was executed December 2d, surrounded by 3,000 militia. His conduct throughout was heroic. This raid of John Brown struck Virginia with terror, and cer- tainly hastened the outbreak of the Rebellion. THE DOVLESTOWN GUARDS. I95 ing the war ; was breveted major-general, United States army, for distinguished services, and was retired a few years ago a full colonel. I refer to Brevet Major-General Galusha Pennypacker.^ Few young men made a brighter record in the war. By the i8th of July, General Patterson had con- cluded to withdraw from Charlestown to Harper's Ferry. He was forced to this determination. His army was on the point of dwindling away, by reason of the expiration of the term of service of most of his troops being near at hand. This would leave him with such a meagre force he would not be able to entrench to resist superior numbers. Moreover, he had fulfilled his mission by detaining Johnston s Galusha Pennypacker, the son of Joseph and Tamison Penn) packer, bom at West Chester, Pa., June i, 1844, learned the printing trade in the office of the Village Record. He began his military career as a private in the Wayne Guards, which became company A, 9th Pennsylvania Volun- teers, and, upon the organization of the regiment, was appointed quarter- master-sergeant, and was mustered in April 22, 1861. When the 97th was organized, he became captain of company A, and was mustered August 22, 1861 ; promoted to major, October 7, 1861 ; lieutenant-colonel, June 7, 1864 ; colonel, August 15, 1864 ; breveted brigadier-general U. S. Volunteers, January 15, 1865, " for gallant services in the capture of Fort Fisher, N. C. ;" major-general, March 13, 1865, "for gallant and meri- torious services during the war ;" brigadier-general U. S. Army, March 2, 1867, " for gallant and meritorious services in the capture of Fort Fisher, N. C. ;" major-general, March 2, 1867, " for gallant and meritorious ser- vices during the war;" mustered out of the volunteer service. May 11, 1865 ; colonel 34th U. S. Infantry, July, 1866 ; transferred to the i6th In- fantry, March 15, i86g ; retired, . General Pennypacker was wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., May 20th, and in October, 1864, and at Foit Fisher, N. C, January 15, 1865. 196 THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. at Winchester, to the time specified by General Scott, as no part of his army reached Manassas until the afternoon of the 21st. Under the circumstances, and in the absence of orders, General Patterson thought himself justified in withdrawing. Preparatory to this movement, Captain Newton, of the Engineers, was ordered down to Harper's Ferry to prepare for its defense and re-establish communication with Maryland. Lieutenant Bab- cock," also of the Engineers, had been several days at Sandy Hook, endeavoring to put the canal in operation, if that were po.ssible, and either to rebuild the burnt bridge across the Potomac, or establish a ferry. Meanwhile, a depot of supplies of all kinds was established at Harper's Ferry. While Captain Davis was provost marshal at Charlestown, he ap- pointed Charles W. Hoffman, a private of the com- pany, a scout to spy out things in general. He was « Orville E. Babcock graduated from the U. S. Military Academy, May 6, i86i, and was appointed brevet second lieutenant Corps of Engineers ; promoted second lieutenant. May 6, tS6i ; first lieutenant, November 17, t86i ; captain, June i, T863 ; and major, March 21, 1867. His servicewas varied and important, including that of A. D. C. on the staff of the lieu- tenant-general and general. He received several brevets " for gallant and meritorious sei vices," including that of brigadier-general, March 13, 1865. He served in the Army of the Potomac, in the southern armies, including tlie siege of Vicksburg, and in the Richmond campaign, and was superin- tendent of public buildings from March 3, 1873, ^^ March 3, 1S77. General Babcock was drowned, June 2, 1884, crossing the bar at Mosquito inlet, Florida, while in the discharge of his duty as engineer of the 6th Light House District. THE DClVLESTOWN GUARDS. I97 given a safeguard that would take him out and in our lines at pleasure. He sometimes went several miles into the country and obtained information that was valuable. His comrades dubbed him " Sly Boots," but he spied out the land under the name of " Thomas Johnson, a good and loyal citizen."' Before leaving Charlestoivn, General Patterson caused the brigade to be mustered, and made a for- mal appeal to them to stay a few days longer, and until he could receive reinforcements, but it availed little. A few regiments- and companies agreed to remain, but the great body of the troops refused. Both oflficers and men were anxious to go home. Their time was up, and they had a bad attack of homesickness. It carried them ofT. The army marched from Charlestown on the morning of the 21st for Harpers Ferr)-. The dis- tance between the two points is twelve miles, over a turnpike then in good order, and we arrived at the Ferry the same day, without mishap. The advance left about 3 o'clock, a. m., but Captain Davis with the provost guard and prisoners was detained until ' Provost Marshal's Office, i Charlestown, Va.. July ig, 1861. f The bearer, Thomas Johnson, ti good and loyal citizen of the United States, has liberty to pass freely anywhere within the lines of the American army, and all officers and soldiers are requested to respect his safeguard, and render him any assistance necessary, by authority of (Signed) W. W, H. Davis, Captain 25th Pa. Regiment, Provost Marshal. igS THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. lo, and arrived near evening. Here the army was broken up, and the regiments, whose term of service had expired, were sent to their respective States to be mustered out, as fast as transportation could be furnished.' The 25th regiment remained at Harper's Ferry until Tuesday, the 23d, when Colonel Cake received orders to proceed to Harrisburg, to be mustered out, paid off and discharged. This was good news for officers and men, the latter especially, who were anxious to get home to relate, to family and friends, the incidents of the campaign. We forded the Po- tomac that night, and marched down to Sandy Hook, where a train was waiting. I have omitted to state, that Orderly-Sergeant Orem of the Guards was left sick at the Hook, on our way up. As he was reported still too ill to rejoin the company, Hoffman was de- tailed to remain with him until such time as he was able to come home. The 1st Pennsylvania regiment, Colonel Yohe, and the battalion of the 25th took the same train t Headquarters Department OF Pa., I HarperVs Ferry, Va., July 22, 1861. ) Sz'r : — The commanding general directs that such of the property de- livered to you by the bearer — not turned in to the ordnance office here — be delivered to the bearer, who will dispose of it as General Patterson shall direct. I am, sir, yours very respectfully, (Signed) F. J. Porter, To Captain W. W. H. Davis, Assistant Adjutant-General. Late Provost Marshal at Charlestown. THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. I99 with bag and baggage ; steam was turned on the " bulgine ;" the band played " Home, Sweet Home," and we were under way, homeward bound, via the Federal capital. Between Washington and Balti- more, we passed a number of regiments hurrying to the fiont, summoned after the disastrous defeat at Bull Run. A part of this force was the Pennsylva- nia Reserves, which the foresight of Governor Curtin had ready for the field when their services were needed to meet the emergency upon the country. Passing through Baltimore our train took the North- ern Central railroad' for Harrisburg, arriving there Thursday morning, the 25th. We marched to the Capitol grounds, and stacked our arms in the shade of the trees, when all breathed deeper and freer. Although the Doylestown Guards was the last company to reach the Capitol grounds, it was the first to be mustered out and leave for home. Cap- tain Davis had had the same experience before. As soon as his men were comfortably bivouacked, he detailed four as clerks, and took them to a room in the Capitol, and, inside of three hours, the muster rolls were completed and delivered to the paymaster. His clerks finished their necessary work on them » The Northern Central railroad, runs from Baltimore to the north- ern line of Pennsylvania, with several branches. When the war broke out, that portion passing through Maryland was seized by the insurgents, and most of the bridges burned. They were rebuilt as soon as practicable, and the road was afterward strongly guarded to the end of the war. 200 THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. that afternoon, and the next morning the company was mustered out and paid off, and the men were free. They, who arrived at Harrisburg a day or two ahead of the Guards, and were patiently waiting for their officers to finish the good time they were having around town, before making out their muster rolls, were chagrined, to say the least, when they saw our company march away to the train, the drum and fife playing "The Girl I Left Behind Me." We reached Philadelphia that evening ; remained there over night, and the next morning, Saturday, July 27th, came to Doylestown, where the citizens of the town and vicinity gave the company a joyous welcome. The following account of its arrival home is copied from the Democrat of July 30, 1861 : "The Doylestown Guards, Captain W. W. H. Davis, returned to our borough, last Saturday morn- ing, after a three months' campaign under General Mansfield at Washington and General Patterson on the upper Potomac. Their expected return having been noised abroad, hundreds collected at the rail- road station from town and country to welcome them home. As the train approached, cheer upon cheer rent the air in greeting to the brave boys who had imperiled life in defense of their country. On the high bank near the station the fine troop of cavalry, under Captain James S. Mann, was drawn up in martial array to act as escort. The ladies THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. 201 turned out in great numbers, and were not a wit be- hind their fathers and brothers in the warmth of welcome they extended to the returning volunteers. After the soldiers had shaken hands with their friends and received their congratulations, the company was formed preparatory to being escorted into the town. The escort consisted of Captain Mann's troop and a large procession of citizens under the marshalship of James Gilkyson, Esq., which, followed by the Guards, passed up Main street to Court, along Court to Broad, and down Broad to the entrance into the court house yard, where the cavalry halted and saluted the Guards as they passed in. Thence they entered the court house and transacted some com- pany business, after which they were dismissed. All who left with the company last April returned on Saturday, except five — Gensel being absent in Washington, looking after the company baggage ; Sergeant Orem sick at Sandy Hook, and Haney and Hoffman, left to nurse him. These, with Kibby, who died at Washington, make up the total of the Guards. In front of the procession of citizens, Abraham Garron carried a beautiful banner, with patriotic inscriptions, wreathed in evergreen, and suspended beneath it was an arch of the same." As soon as the company was dismissed, an anxious throng of waiting relatives and friends crowded around the ofificers and men to embrace, shake hands 202 THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. and congratulate them on their safe arrival home. Such occasions edways give birth to affecting scenes. Many, who returned in safety from this short cam- paign, were less fortunate when they again buckled on their armor later in the war. Before the day was spent, the members of the company had gone to their respective homes to recount their adventures and rest from their fatigue. Soldiers, the world over, are proverbial for their love of pets, and the men of the Guards differed in no wise from their professional brethren. During their brief campaign they had gathered about them several camp gods, often a source of comfort. Dogs predominated ; and it will be remembered that the whole muster of canines, six in number, swam the Monocacy, tied to the wagons. Now and then a pet would succumb to the fortunes of war, but most of them survived to be mustered out with the com- pany. One of the dogs, known as " Leop,"'° because it> " Leop " was a dog with a history. He was born and bred at the W^ashington Arsenal, and given to the Guards when quartered and en- camped there. When the company marched, in July, he was left behind with Sergeant Rogers and the sick, The Ringgold Artillerists claimed that the dog was given to them, and they took him away from the sick squad. Nothing more was seen of him until the regiment reached Harrisburg, to be mustered out. Hearing the dog was with the Artillerists, half a dozen members of the Guards went over to get him. They had a. fight, but, be- ing outnumbered and overpowered, they failed to get him. He was taken to Reading. When the 104th was in camp at Doylestown, September, 1861, some recruits from Reading, for Durell's battery, brought the dog with them, Lycurgus Bryan, an old member of the company, and a drum- THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. 203 of his many spots, had quite an eventful career, and was the cause of much strife. He finally reached Doylestown, died and was buried here. The activity of the people of Doylestown and vicinity, in fitting out the company for the field, has already been spoken of. Their conduct cannot be too highly praised. Their benefactions were only meas- ured by the wants of those about to march to the de- fense of the Union. This spirit pervaded all classes, and all ranks in life met upon the common platform of patriotism. No occasion, in the lifetime of the genera- tion then living, had so fully aroused and developed this feeling. As is always the case, the ladies took the lead. They fully equaled, if they did not excel, their fathers, husbands and brothers in the good work. After the company marched, the committee, appointed at the second meeting in the court house, made it their business to see to it, that the families of the members did not want for any of the neces- saries of life. A considerable fund was raised and expended in this behalf. The chairman of the com- mer in the regiment, enticed him out of camp, by throwing stones for him to run after, an amusement he was fond of. He was now taken to Samuel James' farm, near Doylestown, and kept there until the regiment left for Washington. He was then brought into town and turned over to C. H. Magill, with whom he spent his days. He lived several years, much respected by his canine brethren, and died of hydrophobia. He was buried, by his young friends, with the honors of war on the top of Mount Timothy, at the southern edge of the borough, the martial drum beating his last requiem. 204 THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. mittee made report of its work, and advised Cap- tain Davis how the families of his men were cared for. The work done by the people of Doylestown, in fitting out the company they sent to the field, proves the " stay-at-homes" were an important factor in the war. Justice has never been done these pa- triots, for the great body of them were really such. What permanent results could those in the field, with all their courage, have accomplished, if not sus- tained by the people at home? If their strong sup- porting arm had been withdrawn, the great cause would have gone down in dire disaster. While they did not do the fighting, they did what was equally im- portant, they fed, clothed, and paid our armies, while they wept over their sons, brothers, husbands and fathers, who fell in battle. When the history of the war is properly written, the services of the peo- ple at home will not be forgotten. CHAPTER X. The afternoon of the company's arrival at Doyles- town, and before the members separated, they held a meeting in the court house and voted to present Captain Davis a field officer's sword. A committee was appointed to purchase a suitable one, and the time and place of presentation were subsequently fixed. The ceremony was delayed until a short time previous to the marching of the 104th regiment which Captain, now Colonel, Davis organized by authority of the Secretary of War; a majority of the members of the Guards having re-entered the service with him, as commissioned or non-commissioned officers. The sword was presented in the court house, at Doyles- town, the 24th of October, 1861, and the following account thereof, with the speeches made on the oc- casion, is copied from the Doylestown Democrat of October 29th. " On Thursday evening last, an elegant field of- ficer's sword was presented to Colonel W. W. H. Davis, in the court house at this place, by the mem- bers of the Doylestown Guards. At an early hour the house was filled by citizens of the town and vicinity, a large portion of them being ladies. The members of the old Guards occupied the seats of the grand jury and the band of the Ringgold regiment 206 THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. (104th), the gallery. The meeting was organized by the appointment of Captain E. L. Rogers, chairman, who announced the purpose, when Edward J. Fox, Esq., of Easton, Pennsylvania, was introduced and spoke as follows : " Colonel Davis ; I am happy, sir, in being selected by the Doylestown Guards as their delegate to pre- sent to you this sword, as a mark of the high esteem in which they hold you, their leader in an arduous campaign. I should esteem it at all times a high privilege to be the organ, through whom a testi- monial of regard is conveyed to one deserving the honor and affection of his companions-in-arms. But it is peculiarly a pleasing duty to me in this place, and surrounded by the friends of my youth, to be the medium of conferring honor upon the chosen friend of my boyhood, my youth and my maturer years. What memories, too, does this place recall ? The recollections of the joys of early years come crowding on the memory, aye, and so, too, does the sad, sad thought, that so many of those, we looked upon with reverence and affection, have passed from our sight, forever ! We are both young yet, and yet, alas, not too young to realize that earth's changes to us have been great and sad. We can look back through the vista of years, and behold in memory the forms of the fathers gathered so often in this hall, and now their place is vacant ; they sleep in dust, while we are left to meet the stern realities of the evil days that have befallen us. Their's was a happy lot. They dwelt secure beneath the protecting power of that beneficent government, which their fathers had founded in agony and sacrifice. No foe without THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. 207 had been able in their day to shake it ; no foe within had dared attempt its overthrow. Here, in this room, did you and I, as \ve stepped upon the threshold of our public life, take a solemn oath that we would be faithful to the Constitution our fathers had adopted, and which they had taught us to prize as the precious charter of our liberties. You are about to go forth at the head of a gallant band to defend with your life the assaults a traitorous, do- mestic foe are making upon the sacred Union, se- cured by that Constitution, and I am here to bid you God speed, and to place in your hands, as the organ of another band, whom you, in the same cause, led to the tented field, this bright sword, which, if need be, may point the way to duty and to glory, and strike down the foe. You are about to go forth in defense of a cause so sacred and so just, your arm will be nerved and your courage elevated, when you remember, that upon the efforts of your companions- in-arms will depend the very existence of the best government the world has ever seen ; the present safety of those dear to you, and the future welfare of untold millions, who, if you succeed, will be blessed with such freedom, prosperity and happiness, as we and our fathers have enjoyed in the past ; but who, if you fail, must ever bewail and lament the over- throw of the only government the world has ever seen, which secures perfect freedom and equality to its people. This has been called a fratricidal war. If it be, it is because those in arms, against the govern- ment, have assailed their brethren, and would strike down the Constitution and its defenders at one fell swoop. They have conspired together for its over- throw. Far back in the past was this foul conspiracy 20S THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. entered into. Ambitious, reckless men first con- ceived, and then matured, the plan. In patience, silence, did they wait for the moment to come when their unholy plans might be divulged, until a hood- winked and deluded people were led into their art- ful snares, and until an indulgent government, too long forbearing, should wait for them to gather strength and strike the blow, till at length the National capital itself, with all the archives of the government, and all its magnificent edifices narrowly escaped destruction. It is against such a foe as this you go forth to fight. It is in obedience to the call of the Chief Magistrate of the nation, you go to the field to put down a wicked and unnatural rebellion, begun without cause, and carried on with a malignity unparalleled in the annals of modern warfare. Take then this sword. We know it will never be drawn save in such a cause as this, when the holiest prompt- ings of patriotism and duty shall call you to the field. In a cause, such as this, it becomes us all to give up all we have in this world, and, if it be needed, our lives also, that success may crown our efforts. And, when you draw it in this cause, may the God of battles nerve you for the fight. May He, whose watchful eye is ever on us all, the strong tower into which the righteous runneth and is safe, who giveth His angels charge over us, to protect us in the midst of peril, be the shield and buckler of you and your command when dangers threaten, so that though the storm of war may sweep around you, you may be unharmed." After Mr. Fox had taken his seat, Colonel Davis arose and said : THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. 209 " Mr. Fox ; This beautiful sword you have pre- sented me in the name of the Doylestown Guards, my old companions-in-arms, I accept with gratitude and pleasure. To say I thank them, that I am pro- foundly grateful, and deeply appreciate their gift, does not half express the emotions of my bosom. Words cannot express what I feel. Coming as it does from those who were the partners of my trials in the late campaign, in defense of the Constitution and the Union on the upper Potomac, renders it more precious in my estimation, than any other possession. I do not, nay, I dare not, believe that I have done anything to merit such gift. Their partiality and their generosity exceed, beyond measure, what I would have dared to expect, had I looked for any memento of their esteem. I can only believe this testimonial is a method they have taken to express their appreciation of, and interest in, the great struggle now stirring the hearts of our people." Then turning to the sea of upturned faces that filled the court room and galleries. Colonel Davis continued : " Friends and neighbors, I cannot refrain from say- ing a few words to you. Ithasbeen remarked by others, upon similar occasions — a,nd I am glad to know the eloquent speaker of the evening has not fallen into the same channel — that this is no time to discuss the cause nor the bearing of this war ; that the period for talking has passed and gone, and the time for action has arrived. I agree that we want action, quick, vigorous and decisive, and that words will not close the war and save the country. But I feel, at 210 THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. the same time, there should be no cessation in dis- cussing the momentous struggle in which we have embarked. I feel that every father and mother should talk this matter over with their children, and impress upon their minds the importance of the question at issue ; that after they have lisped their infantile prayer, ' Our Father which art in Heaven,' they should teach them to reverence the Constitu- tion and the Union, and hate this wicked Rebellion. The question involved should be discussed before the people, on the rostrum, at the sacred desk and at the household altar, for it is only by this means the people can be thoroughly aroused to the importance of the stake for which loyalty and treason are con- tending. Since the world began there never was so just a cause, so holy a war as that the Federal gov- ernment is engaged in. Not only are our institu- tions involved in the struggle, and our government, the government made by Washington, Jefferson and Madison, and handed down to us, imperiled, but the cause of civil liberty throughout the world is en- dangered. If the Union should be broken up and rebellion permitted to pull down the pillars of the Constitution, the cause of political freedom will re- ceive a shock from which it can never recover ; self- government will be considered a stupendous failure, and the waves of civilization be rolled back upon the Old World. For these reasons, at least, there should be no end to discussion. It should accompany the soldier to the tented field, and be the daily occupa- tion of those who remain at home. We must arouse ourselves to the sternness of the occasion, and meet it as becomes men. Christians, and patriots. We should become sensible of the fact, that the best THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. 211 government ever devised by man now trembles in the balance, and unless you and every other loyal heart in the land come to the rescue it may be lost forever. " And now to you, my past and present com- panions-in-arms ; Although I have returned my thanks to you, through the eloquent gentleman who represents you here, to-night, I cannot refrain from thanking you in person. This mark of your esteem almost overwhelms me, and I am thankful, many times thankful, for your partiality in bestowing upon me this elegant sword. I know it is undeserved. I have done nothing, absolutely nothing, to merit so rich a gift. In all our intercourse, as ofScer and soldier, I feel I did nothing more than my duty ; and if, outside of that, I ever bestowed anything of kindness and affection, if I soothed a pain or made a heart glad, it was because I could not help it, and for that deserve no thanks. This gift will have the effect to kindle anew between you and me the elec- tric spark of affection and strengthen the hooks of steel that bind us together. You, at least the greater part of you whom I address, are about to go to new fields of glory. You have responded a second time to the call of your bleeding country, and buckled on the armor of the soldiers of Liberty. No citizen could serve a holier cause, no soldier do aught to better merit his citizenship. The time will come, when you, and every other officer and man engaged in this contest, will take the place of the heroes of the Revolution. Your deeds will be emblazoned on every page of your country's history and your names lisped by a grateful people. Posterity will raise to your memory temples and monuments, and millions unborn will rise up to bless you. 212 THE DOYLESTOWX GUARDS. " A few words to you, Mr. Fox, and I have done. Not the least pleasing feature, to me, of the exer- cises of the evening, is the fact that you have par- ticipated as the representative of the generous donors. This circumstance, coupled with the interest you take in the cau:-;e of your country, and the deli- cate, and, I may say, affectionate, manner in which you have discharged your trust, adds to the value of the gift. I need not say, sir, how delighted I am to confront you here to-night, in this capacity ; you, the playmate of my early boyhood, when we frolicked upon the opposite square — then one unbroken com- mon, now covered by comfortable dwellings ; you, the companion and friend of my early manhood and the associate of my riper years ; you, my fellow- student in the abstruse science of the Law, and who sat with me at the feet of that Gamaliel from whom we learned our best lessons of wisdom and virtue; that you should have been selected fortheofifice you have so well discharged is pleasing indeed to me. Accept my thanks for the part you have taken, and believe me when I say it will be remembered with pleasure." This beautiful sword was worn on all festive and parade occasions during the three years' enlistment of the regiment, and, when it was mustered out of service, the weapon was hung up as a valuable memento of the war for the Union.' 1 The old court house, in which this presentation took place, and wherein many meetings were held during the war, was taken down in 1877, and a new one erected, partly on the same site, and furnished, at an expense of $100,000. The old one, built in 1812, was the fourth court house erected in the county since its settlement by William Penn, in 1682, THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. 213 Shortly after the return home of the Doylestown Guards, one of its members, William A. Green, of Warrington township, was taken sick and died. The seeds of disease were probably sown in his system during the campaign. He was buried from his father's house on a Sunday afternoon, in August, and his remains were followed to the grave by nearly all his late companions-in-arms. Private Green was a good soldier, and highly esteemed by his fellows. The company had but one meeting for drill, after its return from the Shenandoah Valley, Saturday afternoon, August 17, 1861, in the court house yard. The announcement of the drill drew a large con- course of people to witness it. The company went through a number of manoeuvres, with creditable pre- cision, including " double-quick," then a new thing in the military world, much to the delight of the beholders. After the drill, the members met in the court room and passed appropriate resolutions on the death of their late companion Green. On ad- journment, they were regaled on a keg o| lager beer, presented by Captain Kohl, of Lambertville, N. J., and an elegant cake, the gift of Mrs. Davis. After these refreshments had passed from view into the stomachs of the " soldiers bould," they voted thanks to the donors. This was the last time the Doylestown Guards came together as a military organization, and the 214 THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. company only lives as an atom in the history of the great Civil War, and in the memory of the survivors and their friends. Shortly afterward the majority of its members were again under arms in other organi- zations, to serve the great cause they had so much at heart. The writer pleads guilty to a very af- fectionate remembrance of the company, almost as strong as the great Napoleon had for the memory of the " Old Guard " that so often saved him from defeat and ruin. CHAPTER XI. Although the Doylestown Guards was never re- organized after it was mustered out and discharged, in July, 1861, its usefulness did not pass away; it lived in other organizations. When Captain Davis undertook the recruiting and organization of the 104th regiment, he received very material assistance from the young men who had served in the Guards. They were the first to flock to his colors, and many of them entered the regiment. The old organization was a nucleus for the new, and proved to have been a school for officers during the three months' cam- paign. The non-commissioned officers of the Guards were the first to apply for authority to raise com- panies. Sergeant Edward L. Rogers became captain of company A, called the " Young Guard ;" Orderly- Sergeant James R. Orem, captain of company B ; Corporal William W. Marple, captain of company C ; and Lieutenants Swartzlander and Harvey be- came captains of companies D and E, respectively. Besides these five members of the Guards, who be- came captains from the organization of the regiment, the same number were made lieutenants, one quar- termaster, another commissary-sergeant, and a third wagon-master. Before the war was over, one-half 2l6 THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. the whole number bore commissions in the armies of the United States. Of these, one reached the rank of general officer by brevet for meritorious services, four were colonels, one being killed at the head of his regiment on the field of Antietam ; one lieuten- ant-colonel, four were majors, sixteen captains, nine lieutenants, and two surgeons. Nearly all of them reached their highest grades by regular promotion, and earned the spurs they won. Several were killed, or wounded, and, at this writing, fully one-half the whole number is with the bivouac of the dead. Few companies can show a better record. I doubt whether any company excelled the Doylestown Guards in all the great essential qualities that make soldiers ; perfection in drill, thorough discipline, fortitude in hardship, and good conduct under all circumstances. Neither the officers nor men forgot, on any occasion, what they owed the country and the great cause they were serving. By their conduct they exemplified the highest type of the citizen soldier. Although the great majority of the survivors of the Guards live within a few miles of Doylestown, they have had but one reunion since the close of the war. It was frequently discussed, and some- times resolved upon, but something always stepped in to prevent it. At a meeting, in the late fall of 1884, it was resolved to bring as many of the sur- THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. 217 vivors together as possible, on the following 22d of February, 1885. But, as that day fell upon Sunday, the time was changed to the 20th, and Lenape Hall^ Doylestown, the place. The following card in the county newspapers gave notice of the proposed meeting, and, in addition, circulars were sent out to members living at a distance : REUNION. DOYLESTOWN GUARDS OF 1861, IN LENAPE HALL, DOYLESTOWN, Friday Evening, February 20th, 1885. PROGRAMME : The surviving members of the Guards will meet at the Fountain house, ^ at 7 o'clock, whence they will be escorted to the hall, by company G, 6th regiment, and the General Robert L. Eodine Post, G. A. R., No. 306, where the following exercises will take place : I. MUSIC, Brock's Orchestra. i:. HON. HARMAN YERKES, presiding officer, will call the meeting to order in a few remarks. 3. MUSIC, BROCK'b Orchestra. 4. ADDRESS, Wm. U. Hensel, Esq. 5. MUSIC, Brock's Orchestra. The exercises will commence at 7.30. Admission free. The Guards and invited guests •will take supper at the Fountain house. (Signed) COMMITTEE. ^ The Fountain house, corner of Main and State streets, is probably the oldest public house in Doylestown. It is thought a tavern was kept in the end next the streets as early as the Revolution, or soon afterward, if not before. Enoch Harvey came from Upper Makefield, between 1785 and 1790, and owned this tavern property by 1800. He kept the house several years, and died in 1821. The lot on which the Fountain house stands was 2l8 THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. The following guests, who arrived in the 5.30 p. m. train, were met at the railroad station by Captain George T. Harvey, chairman of the reception com- mittee, and by him escorted to their quarters at the Fountain house: William U. Hensel, Esq., of Lan- caster, Pa., the orator of the occasion ; General Charles P. Stone, of Egypt fame, who commanded the brigade in which the Doylestown Guards served in the Shenandoah Valley ; General B. Frank Fisher, a former resident of Doylestown, chief signal officer of the army at the close of the war; and Captain Charles H. Mann, former sheriff of Bucks county, and the first commander of the Guards when reor- ganized from the Grays, now a resident of Maryland. Shortly after 7 o'clock, company G formed in front of the Fountain house, and, in a few minutes, were joined by the members of the General Bodine Post of the Grand Army of the Republic. The sur- vivors of the Guards, each one wearing a blue satin badge, bearing the American flag, and the words, "Doylestown Guards, 1861," in gold, on the left breast, now fell in between the two sections of the escort, and the little procession marched to the hall. As they entered, and while taking their seats, Brock's orchestra" played a lively military air. A the property of an Englishman, and was confiscated at the close of the Revolution. It has been much improved in the last twenty years. 2 Brock's orchestra is an amateur organization of Doylestown, noted for its correct playing. It has done much to cultivate a taste for music among THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. 219 few minutes before 8 o'clock, the Hon. Harman Yerkes,^ presiding officer, General Stone and General Fisher took seats on the stage, and, after music by the orchestra, Judge Yerkes advanced to the foot- lights and called the meeting to order. His remarks, brief and patriotic, were loudly applauded. He drew a comparison between the return of Zenaphon after his celebrated retreat and Csesar's legions coming home from their victorious fields, and the return of the Union armies, after they had conquered a peace, which laid down their arms amid the plaudits of their countrymen. The world had never before witnessed such an impressive yielding up of power. Before taking his seat. Judge Yerkes introduced Mr. Hensel,^ who delivered an able and interesting the inhabitants, and obliges them by playing on many public occasions. The director, George P. Brock, who plays the first violin, is the son of the cashier of the National Bank, and is an employe therein. 3 Harman Yerkes, the son of Stephen and Amy Yerkes, and on the maternal side a grandson of the late Rev. Thomas B. Montanye, is a native of Warminster township, Bucks county. He was educated at Lawrence- ville, N. J. ; read law with the late Hon. Thomas Ross, of Doylestown, and was admitted to the bar in 1S65. He served two terms in the State Senate, and was elected to the Bench in 1883. The first ancestor of the name, Harman, or Herman, Yerkes, came from Germany about 1700 ; settled on the Schuylkill ; afterward came to Moreland township, Mont- gomery county. His grandson settled in Warminster about 1740. ■* William U. Hensel, born in Lancaster county, Pa., December 4, 1851 ; was graduated from Franklin and Marshall College, 1870 ; he read law with Isaac E. Heister and D. G. Eshelman, Esqs., and was admitted to the bar in 1873. In 1874 he bought a half interest in the Lancaster In- telligencer^ and conducted it until 1886, when he retired to give exclusive attention to his profession. Mr. Hensel was prominent in politics for 220 THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. address. He reviewed the causes that led to the war, spoke of the part the Doylestown Guards took in it, .as one of the first military organizations to take up arms, and of the good results likely to flow from our becoming an united and homogeneous people. The address contained many trenchant aphorisms, and, in point of ability, was far in advance of what we usually get on such occasions. He closed with a glowing tribute to the men who saved the Union, and called upon the survivors, and all other citizens, to maintain the right on all occasions, and to love, honor, and defend their country from all wrong. His remarks were received with great satisfaction. Mr. Hensel was followed by General Stone, who alluded, briefly, to his services with the Doylestown Guards in General Patterson's army, with some perti- nent references to the war. General Fisher closed the speech-making at the hall. As he was an in- habitant of Doylestown when the Guards left for the front, in April, 1861, and was acquainted with many of the members, he spoke of the occasion with feeling, and with high commendation of the young several years ; was president of the Democratic State convention, 1881'; author of the new party rules, 1882 ; chairman of the Democratic State Committee, from 18S2 to 1886, inclusive ; and was always found upon the stump, during a political campaign, where he was an effective and pleasant speaker. He likewise taJces an interest in literary matters ; makes frequent addresses at colleo:e commencements, etc.. and was the author of a " Cam- paign Life of Thomas A. Hendricks." Mr. Hensel married in 1875, and his wife died in 1S82. THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. 221 men who were so prompt to volunteer for the de- fense of their country. After another tune from the orchestra, the meeting adjourned, and the veterans were escorted back to the Fountain house. Arrangements having been made with the land- lord of the Fountain house, for the veterans of the Guards and their invited guests to take supper with him, it was announced at 9.30. All were punctual. Judge Yerkes took his seat at the head of the table, with General Stone on his left, and other notables on either side. At the side of each plate was a handsomely printed menu, as follows : DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. 18 *^^^^ 61. MENU. Raw Oysters, on half-shell. Olives. Celery. Fried Oysters. Chicken Salad. Cold Roast Beef. Ham. Oranges. Bananas. Apples, Ice Cream. Mixed Cakes. Coffee. Reunion, February 20th, iSSs- This was the bill of fare the veterans and their friends were invited to discuss, nor were they back- 222 THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. ward in doing it. Judging from the rapid disap- pearance of the viands, they were highly relished. After the cloth was removed, the " feast of reason and the flow of soul " began. Judge Yerkes, as presiding officer, called several gentlemen to their feet, who enlivened the occasion with brief speeches. General Fisher, who led off, paid a high tribute to the Guards, and closed with a warm, and deserved, eulogy of General McClellan. He was followed by N. C. James, Esq., who made some happy hits and ■allusions ; by Captain Mann, who gave some early history of the Grays and the Guards, and by General Davis, who mentioned a few incidents of two wars. Before leaving the table, on motion of Judge Yerkes, the entire company arose in honor of the dead heroes of the war for the Union. The company now separated, with congratulations and handshak- ing, and the first reunion of the veteran Guards- men was over. While the occasion was pleasant to all, it was especially so to those who had been members of the company. Many of them had not met since they were dismissed in the court house, at Doylestown, the 27th of July, 1861, almost a quarter of a century before. In the meantime, they had encountered many of the vicissitudes of war, some shedding their blood in defense of the country. There were many a warm grasp of the hand, renewals of friendship, and THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. 223 inquiries after old comrades, who lay buried on distant fields of strife ; the war was talked over, and a tribute paid to fallen friends. Twenty-two members of the company were present, one traveling 300 miles to attend Jthe reunion, viz. : Captain W. W. H. Davis, Lieutenant George T. Harvey, Sergeants Moses O. Kulp and William R. Stavely, and privates James M. Rogers, Andrew Enders, Edwin Fretz, Michael E. Jenks, Christian K. Frankenfield, Stephen S. Townsend, Cephas W. Dyer, Jacob Clemens, John McDonald Laughlin, Charles W. Hoffman, Henry A. Widdifield, Andrew Jackson Peirce, William FoUis, Enos P. Tomlinson, Thomas F. Tomlinson, Charles Frankenfield and Miles Williams. APPENDIX. Roll of members of Doylestown Grays and Guards, from the company's organization, in 1835, to Feb- ruary 22, i860, with the date of joining: October i, 1835. " Charles H. Mathews. " Pugh Dungfan. " Asher Cox. " C. P. Michener. " Joseph H. Purdy. " M. H. Snyder. " Caleb E. Wright. " Preston Brock. " John Leuzzler. " Andrew Mayer. " John Seitzsinger. " Joseph Hartley. " Thomas F. Snyder. " Jacob G. Conrad. '* George Shuler. " John Barndollar, " William Stirk. " David H. Goucher. " Benjamin Snodgrass. " Silas H. James. " Benjamin F. Gearhart. " James Clark. " George Foster. " William S. Plattz. " E. J. Yocum. " Abraham Gray, " John B. Pugh. " David R. Johnson. October i, 1835. " John Allen. " J- W. James. " Samuel Solliday. " Nathaniel Hubbard. " Hugh H. Henry, May 21, 1836. " Josiah Meredith. " Henry Hory. " Isaac G. Thomas. " James Hill. August 20, 1836. " James H. Wilson. " George S. Michener. September 14., 1836. " Chalkley Good. " Jesse Jones. June 24, 1837. " Robert F. Hallowell, " William Field. " Levi S. Closson. January 26, 183S. "■ James D. Brunner. " Henry Chapman. February 17, 1838. " George R. Vanfossen, " Thomas Dungan. " John Shearer, " Samuel P. Hamilton. THE DOYLKSTOWN GUARDS. February 17, 183S. " E. H. Shearer. " Elijah Cox. " A. M. Griffith. ' John S. Bryan. " Ehiathan Pettit, Jr. " James M. Mann. " Samuel Trumbower. " John D. Morris. " Charles Tucker. '* James Shannessy. " Theophilus Cornell. April, 1839. '* Charles H. Mann. " Jacob S. Aaron. " George W. Michener. " James McCoy. " Edward H. Clark. May 3, 1841. " Oliver Lunn. " Alexander M. Ely. " John Pidcock. " Elias H. Reeves. " William C. Stockton. " Y. P. Jones. " John Kitchen. " David M. Lewis. " Israel Yonkin. " Wilheim Horn. " Thomas C. Mcintosh. " Charles F. ;-,mith. August 21, 1841. " Thomas Goucher. " George W. Firman. " Eli Solliday. December 18, 1841. " John L. Garner. August 15, 1842. " Isaac Rickard. August 15, 1842. " Newton Thomas. April 18, 1843. " Samuel Fretz. April 8, 1S43. '' David H. Goucher. " John J. Maxwell. " William S. Black. " George C. Large. June 17, 1843. " John Mclntyre. " William Kinsey Stackhouse. " William S. Addis. August 19, 1843. " Tobias A. Weirman. March 16, 1844. " John Lukens. May 20, 1844. '' Robert W. Lovett. " Joseph S. Sands. " Abraham Garron. " Wilson Rose. June 15, 1844. " Howard Stewart. May 18, 1844. " Thomas S. Walton. April 12, 1845. " Valmore Morris. June I, 1846. " William T. Donaldson. " John W. Stackhouse. " Robert Evans. " Thomas Miller. " Aaron Snyder. " Oliver Hendricks. " William Cox. ' ' Isaac Lippincott. " Richard M. Vaux. " George E. Donaldson. THE DDVLESTOWN GUARDS. Ill June I, J846. " Samuel Hartman. " James Abbatl. ** Edward H. Moore " Allen Thomas. " W. W. H. Davis. " George T. Harvey. " Moses Kulp. " William Kachline. " T. C. C. Snyder. '* Nathan C. James. " M. H. Snyder. '* John Brooks. " Samuel Frankenfield. July 27, 1846. " Elias Kepler. " H. B. Nightingale. " Thomas R. Kachline. August 3, 1846. " John D. Brunner. " William P. Hicks. " Jenks Black. " Thomas Patterson. " John W. Polk. " Jesse R. Patterson. " Amos S. Hellyard. " John L. Widdifield. " John S. Richards. April 3, 1847. " James Gilkyson. July 3, 1847. " George Brown. November 6, 1847, " George Garner. April 3, 1848. " Aaron Weeks. May 12, 184S. " William Vaux, " James R. Orem. " Jacob Kepler. May 12, 1848. " Lewis Dungan. September 7, 1848. " WiUiarn Elh"s. June II, 1S48. " Lewis Kepler. May t2, 1849. " William Enos. May TS, 1849. " Isaac Vanhorn. " John Garis. " William L. Garren, " Jonathan Smith. November 22, 1850. " Thomas P. Kephart, New Britain. " Samuel C. McCombs, Warrington township. September, 1849. " Edwin A. Evans, Doylestown township. November 22, 1850. " Casper S. Widdifield, Doylestown township. May 19, 185 1. " Thomas McCombs, Jr., Warrington. May 20, 1850. " Thomas M. Radcliff, Warrington. '' Adam Flack. May ig, 1851. " George C. Willard. July 17, 1853. " John Price, Doylestown. May 23, 1850. " G. W. Swartziander, Montgomery. " Jacob Bocz, New Britain, THK DOYLESrOWN GUARDS. September, 1850. " Jacob Swartzlander, Montgomery, August 30, 1853. " Isaac Holcomb, Doylestown. March 25, 1854. " Joseph Besvvick, Dctylestown. June 3, 1854. " John Hayes, Doylestown. August 17, 1854. " James Judson Evans, Doylestown. November 4, 1854. " Jack MacReynolds, Doylestown " J. W. Stuart, Doylestown. " George W. Emory, Warrington. " William T, Eisenhart, Doylestown. " John Covvgill, Doylestown. " John C. Ellis, Buckingham. March i, 1855, " Joseph W, Hubbard, Doylestown, " Washington Bowers, Buckingham, August 20, 1852. " Ashley C. Thomas, Doylestown. May 23, 1850. " Joseph Garner, Warrington. May, 1S50. " Henry Miller, New Britain. February 22, 1S55. " Theophilus G. Kephart, Warrington. JS52. " John Kane, llumstead. May 23,_i855. " Nelson McGraudy, Buckingham. April 9, 1855. " William Brunner, Doylestown. September 8, 1355, " John Sampen, Doylestown. " Thomas Tomlinson, Frenchtown, N. J. " S. S. Frankenfield, Buckingham. " J. W. Stilwagon, Buckingham. •' Hugh Keene, Plumstead. " Jacob Shisler, Plumstead. " Joseph W. Wilson, Buckingham. " Rudolph Frankenfield, Buckingham. August 4, 1856. " Elias H, Ellis, Buckingham, March 25, 1857. " John B. Alt, New Britain. March 25, 1859. " Patrick Collins, Doylestown. " Amos G. Hill, Doylestown. " James Nolan, Doylestown. " Philip Hinkle, Plumstead. " John Barndt, Doylestown. April 14, 1859. '* J. Mathias Beans, Doylestown December 29, 1858. " Charles Price, Doylestown. March 25, 1859. " William K. Shearer, Doylestown. February 24, 1859. " John C. Ultz, Doylestown. March 25, 1859. " Remandes Yost, Doylestown, THE DOVLESTOWN GUARDS. V December 29, 1858. April 10, 1859. " Julius Kuster, Doylestown. " Charles B. Thomas, December 31, 1858. Castle Valley. " George A. G. Everhart, June 6, 1859. Doylestown. " Enos Tomlinson, Doylestown. March 25, 1859. " Joseph A. Ellis, Doylestown. " Charles W. Everhard, " Jacob F. Hill, Doylestown. Doylestown. " John Hargrave, Doylestown. December, 1858. " Henry Hargrave, Doylestown. Bamett Sheridan, Doylestown. " Levi M. Garner, Warrington. March 25, 1859. February 22. 1S60. " Thomas Ledwith, Doylestown. " Charles H. Orem, Doylestown. Note. — The names of several who joined the company, or identified themselves with it, and drilled in the ranks, are not found upon the roll. Some of them joined about the time the company was recruiting for Mexico, in 1846. AmoLg this number was Thomas E. Rose, of Bucking- ham township, captain, and brevet lieutenant-colonel United States Army, and brevet brigadier-general United States Volunteers. He served through the war, and' at its close was commissioned a captain in the regular army. His record is a distinguished one. RRRATA. George Cadwallader, page 33, first line, should be George Cadwalader. Thomas S. Stephens, page 41, fifteen line, should be Thomas S. Stevens. James S. Mann, page 81, eleventh line, should be James M. Mann. He was not in the war. Henry C. McCormick, page 122, last line, should be Henry McCormick. McCormic, page 160, twelfth line, should be McCormick. " A young man of eighteen," page 175, should be be a young man of twenty-two. " Vanished," page 179, next to last line, should be vanquished. INDEX. f^ etc., in Virginia, 136. Blue Ridge, Allen, John, 13. Andrews, Rev. w„»!^f v^*"^' ^T'^'^n ''*■ '^'n'"' Silas M., 18; speech made bv, 89; fh'fr't.r^ /•,« r'' i'"' uW distribution of New Testaments by 'l^"" "' '^'h'' 'f' ^""^" ■ ".'''• Ajj;„,.:n<, „„ A V army marches for, 184; skirmish 92. Addisv.lle 20 37. Amy's ^ear, 184; 2Sth at, 185; amy marches tavern, 27 Abbott James, 50. At- from, 186. Brown, John, 193. Bab- tleborough, 53. Anglemeyer, ap- cock. Lieutenant, at Sandy^ Hook, pointed corporal, 106, 112 Arlmg- g/ Brock's orchestra, 218: ton Heights, 125, 127. Alexandria, ' 125, 127. Aqueduct bridge, 125, 127. O Annapolis, Department of. formed, 141. Army, strength of, 153, 178; ^°^^ Asher, elected second lieu- marches from Hagerstown, 153; at tenant, 8; signs constitution, ji ; re- Martinsburg, i6c; remains a week ^'P^°\^^- Conrad, Jacob G., 12. at do., 182; marches for Bunker Clark James, 13. Chapman, Henry, Hill, 184 ; marches for Charles- '3 ; elected captain, 22 ; first parade, town, 187; marches for Harper's ^3; resigns, 24; presides at war ■Ferry, 197; disbanded at, 198. meeting, 86, 88, 89 ; mentioned, 105. Abecrombie, Col. John J,, 155, 158. Carver, Major Henry, 17. Camp Antietam, battle-field of, 169. Ameri- )J ashington 22. Centrevllle, 26. can Union, 183; Alarm while on Cartee, C. Soule, 29. Camp Dela- march 188 ware, 32. Cadwalader, Gen. George, B33. 178, 184. Centre Union Bat- talion, 39, 54, 71. Camp Jackson, Brock, Preston, 7, 9, II; resigns his 40; how spoken of, 42. Cox, Wil- commission, 24. Barndollar, John, liam, 49. Cope, George, 50. Cox, 8, 12. Bryan, John S., joins com- C. C, S3- Cambridge, 56. Cush- pany, 14 ; elected active member, 22 ; ing, Caleb, 58; appointed brigadier- on foraging committee, 24; elected general United States Army, 59. second lieutenant, 25; elected first Lowgill, John, 74. Conard, J. War- lieutenant, 31. Battalion, Jackson, ren, 74. Clemens' hall, 78, 85, 89. 27. Bunker Hill, 27. Buttz, Cap- Curtin, Governor, mentioned, fc6, 90. tain, 34. Battalion, measures taken 106, 141, 143. Camp Curtin, 104; to form a, 38. Bristol, .39. Bush- Chapman, Mis., visits the Guards, ington, 54. Boston, 60. Black, Col. 105. Church, St. James Episcopal, Samuel W., 70. Brewster, Benjamin ic8; Zion, German Lutheran, 108. Harris, 72. Brunrer, William B., Camp Scott, 106; condition of things 74. Broker's hotel, 75. Ball, mill- at, 108, 109; mentiontd, ]?4. Cockeys- tary and citizen's dress, 78. Blair, ville, 112. Cake, Col. Heniy I^., joins Col. John, 87. Brown, John S., 88. battalion, iib, 163, 198. Campbell, Barnsley, Representative, 103. Balti- Major James H., 116, 121; receives more mentioned, iii; company ar- colors for regiment, 131; mentioned, rives at. T12; population hostile, 113. 160, 163. Company savings, 137. Butterfield, Col., 116. Building frits. Call for 75,000 men, 141. Campaign, THE DOVLESTOWN GUARDS. object of, 144, 145. Chambersbui-g, troops assembled at, 146; march from, 148. City Troop, 155, Grossman, Colonel, 159. Camp McCormick, 173. March countermanded, 179, Council of officera, proceedings of, 179. Cnarlestown mentioned, 179; PaLterson proposes to "March to, 181; flduk movement on, 186; army ar- rives at, 189; depot for enemy, 189; headquarters rebel militia, 193; situ- ation of, 194. D Doylestown mentioned, 6, 7, 18, 19, 23, 24, 43, 60, 67, 69, 70, 72, 85, 87; citizens of provide for company, 90, 102, 105. Dungan, Pugh, elected first lieutenant, 8; on committee of by-laws, 9; signs constitution, 11; in command of Grays, 23; elected cap- tain, 25; resig;ns, 30; resolutions complimentary to, 31. Doylestown hotel, 10, 16. Donaldson, George E., 15, so. Davis, W. W. H., 15, 41; joins Grays, 49; elected sergeant, 51; elected secretary, 52; acts as ad- jutant, 54, 56; aide-de-camp, etc., 59; promoted captain, 59; receives sword, 60; speech at, 63 ; returns from Mexico, 70; elected captain of Doyles- town Guards, 76; recommissioned, 80; issues call for troops, 85; states object of meeting, 86; appoints non- commissioned officers, 106; declines the lieutenant-colonelcy, 107; was dined by Worth infantry, iog\ re- ports to General Butler at Baltimore, 1 13; staff officer of Secretary of 'v\ ar, 130; tendered captain's commission in United States Army, 133, 160; commands advance guard, 164; duty assigned him, 167; appointed pro- vost marshal, 192; sword presented to, 206; address of, 209. Dam No. 4, 154. Doylestown militia, 16. uavis. General John, 20, 40, 133. Donald^jn, Vviliiam, 50. Doyles- town biass band attaches itself to Grays, 51. Diller Artillerists, 54. Dane Law School, 56. Darlington, Henry T., 88. Dunlap, the Misses, 102. Davis, Mrs., 133. Douglas, Stephen A., death of, 135; public observance of, 136. Dart, Captain, 160. Departments, War and Navy, 161. Dunkard church, 170. Doyles- town, patriotic conduct of citizens of, 203. Davis, Mrs., mentioned, 213. E Easton, military encampment at, 32. Ely, Alexander, 45. Evans, Robert, 49. Evans, Edwin A., 73. Eisenhart, William T., 73. Ells- worth, Colonel, killed, 127; buried from White House, 128. Edward's F'erry, 160. Enemy, strength of, 180. F Fines and penalties, n. Foster, George R., 13. Field, William, 14. Field's tavern, 21, 23, 31. Fitzwater- town, 29. Flemington Grays, 29. Fox, Edward J., 48; address of, at sword presentation, 206. For- ney, John W., 72; mentioned, 121; presents colors to regiment, 131. Fisher, B. F., 84, 218. Fall of Sum- ter received at Doylestown, 84. Fort Washington, 119. Falling Waters, battle of, 154. Fourth of July ob- served, 165. Frederick, 167. Faulk- ner, Charles J., 178. Fountain House, 218. G Grays, the Doylestown, organized, 5; meets in uniform, 16; meets militia, 16; inspected, 17; bass drum presented, 18; celebrates Fourth of July, 18; attends harvest home, 19; treasurer's account, 19; goes to camp, 21; third lieutenant authorized, 22; celebrates Washington's Birthday, 23; excursion up county, 24; employs a fifer, 25; ready to fight the British, 26; parades at Centreville, 26; adopts resolutions at death of President Plarrison, 27; makes two excursions, 27; goes to 1* itzwatertown, 29; armory in academy, 30; attends camp Dela- ware, 33; adt-pts resolution of thanks. THE DOVLESTOWN GUARDS. 35; additions to uniforms, 36; parades with Liberty Guards, 37; meets 1st regiment Bucks County Volunteers, 37; goes to New Hope, 39; attends Camp Jackson, 40; finance of com- pany, 44; has target practice, 45; change of uniform, 46; war meeting called. 47; new members elected, 49; Doylestown band attaches itself to, 51; services offered for Mexican War, 52 ; presen ts sword lo Ad j utan t Davis. 6d; name changed to Doyles- town Guards, 64. Guards, the Doylestown, 5, 64; text of law changing name, 65; routine life of, 66; go to Philadelphia to receive Volunteers from Mexico, 67; meets at Doylestown, 72; at Hartsville, 75; re- resolves to organize under new militia lAw, 75; finance of company, 77; uni- form again changed, 77; armory in Clemens' hall, 78; gives a hall, 78; account of, 79; number on rolls, 80; members which entered the army, 1S61, 80, 81; condition when war broke out, 82; company accepted, 86; roll full, 88; company organized, 89; system of drills instituted, 89; com- pany attends church, 90; orders to march, 90; company leaves. 92; roll of company when it left 1 Joytestown, 92, 93; arrivts at Philadelphia, 102; at Harrisburg, 103; marches out to Camp Curtin, 104; holds a meeting at Camp Curtin, 105; non-commit- sioned officers appointed, ic6; ordered to Camp Scott, 106; go into quarters, 108; attends church, 108; ordered to Washington, no; arrives at Baltimore, j 12; passage of the company through the city, 113, 114; arrives at Washington, 114; assigned to 25th Pennsylvania Volunteers, 116; known as Company I in line of regi- ment, 119; how quartered at Wash- ington, i2q; inner life of the com- pany, 124; views the body of Colonel Ellsworth, 128; drill and discipline of, 129; visitors to, 133; cresses the Po- tomac, 172; arrives at Martinsburg, 173; camp of, 173; part of provost guard at Charlestown, 152; arrives at Harrisburg. 199; mustered out and leaves for Philadelphia, 200; returns t es in history, 214; old members of, active in recruiting 104th regiment, 215; number bearing commissions during war, 216; reunion of, talked about, 216; reunion held, 21S; mem- bers present, 223. Green Tree hotel, 6. Gray, Abraham, 8, 9, 13, Goucher, David H., 12. Gerhart, Benjamin F., 12. Griffith, Abel M., 14, 22, 41. Gilkyson, James, 12; elected first lieutenant, 66; secretary, 66; elected captain, 73; resigns, 76. Garron, Abraham, 34 ; marshal of proces- siuii, 201. Guards, Applebachville, S4. Girard House, 102, Gibson, Captani, 103. Guards, Lancas- ter City, 103. Goldsbcru, III. Grays, Lochiei, 122, Gensei, Ira t ., ap- pointed lieutenant in United States Army, T32; killed in front of Fred- ericksburg, 132. Gries, Rev. William l^-» '3J' Guerrilla warfare recom- mendeo, 135. Georgetown, 161. Green, Private, death of, 213. H Hartly, Joseph, 8, 12. Hubbard, Nathaniel, 13. Henry, Hugh H., 13, 26. Harvey, George T., 16, 48, 52; elected second lieutenant, 66, 67; appointed second lieutenant, 89; cap- tam in 104th regiment, 215; receives guests at reunion, 218. Hory, Henry, elected orderly, 26; third lieutenant, 31, Harrison, President, death ot, 27, Hamilton, Samuel P., elected treasurer, 44, 67. Hendricks, Oliver, 49. Hartman, Samuel, 50. Harton, John, 50. Hagner, Cap- tain, 68. Hartsville, 72. 75. Har- grave, John, 76. Harrisburg, 102, HI. Herr's hotel, 104, Hendrie, ^Dr. William Scott, 105. Horner, Hugh, J 12. Hendrie, James D., THE DOVLESTOWN GUARDS. appointed surgeon's steward, 132. Harper's Ferrj', mentioned, 136: seized by enemy, 140; Johnston withdraws from, 141; mentioned, 164, 168, 174; Patterson proposes to establish depots, iSi ; arrangements to occupy, 1S5 ; depot of supplies established at, ig6. Hagerstovvn, mentioned, 149; army remains at, until last of June, 152 ; marches from, 153, Hudson's Artillery, 155. Happy Valley, 173. Hoffman, Chas. W., appointed scout, 196; left with Sergeant Orem, 198. Hensel, W. U., 218; address of, 220. I Independent Volunteers, ri. Ing- ham Female seminary, 30. Inde- pendent Rifles, Greens, 38. 43. In- stitute, Pennsylvania Literary and Scientific, 39. Institute, Beneficial, 61. Indiara, nth, 174. J Johnston, David R., 12. James, Silas H., 12. James, J. V,., 13. James, N. C, 16, 17, 88. 133, 222. Jones, I reston, 18. James, Col. Isaiah, 27. Jamison's Corner, 38. Jen- nings, William J., lieutenant, men- tioned, 123. Johnston, Gen. Joseph, takes command at Harper's Ferry, ^53' ^57' i^?! 1^6; army of, leaves Winchester for .Manassas, igj. Jack- son, Stonewall, 157. K Kulp, Enos, 49. Kachline, Wil- liam, 50, 55; elected secretary, 66. Kulp, Moses O., 50; appointed ser- geant, J06. Kohl, Captain, 54, 213. Kepler, Elias, death of, 71. KeJley, William D., 72. Kephart, Theophi- lus G., 74; appointed corporal, 106. Kuster, Julius, appointed corporal, 100. Keim, William M., 109, 178 ; appointed major-general, 141 ; in command at Chambersburg, 147. Kibby, Edward, death of, 137; men-* tioned, 201. Leuzzler, John, 11. Lambertville, 2Q. Lumberville, t^, 54. Liberty Guards, 36. Line Lexington, 43. Lloyd, E. Morris, 40. Lippincott, Isaac, 50. 51. Lewis, David, 52. Lear, George, cj, 88. Lancaster, 103. Lewistown, 116. Long bridge, 125. Lincoln, President, 128. Lecb- burg, 160, i8i- MC McHenry, Capt. William, 23. Mc- Coy, James, 52. MacReynolds, John, 73. McCorraick, Captain Henry, 122, 160. McDowell. General, men- tioned, 127, T52. McCIellan in West Virginia, 140; mentioned, 150, 222. McDonald, Captain, r6o. M Mathews, Charles H., elected cap- tain, 7, II; resigns, 22; commands Centre Union Battalion, 39,54 ; speech at sword presentation, 61 ; welcomes home Sergeant Opp, 69; invites Guards to meet battalion ; death of, 71. Marple, Col. David, 36, 133. Mayer, Andrew, i', 12. Michener, C. K, 9, II. Mann, Charles H., 15; elected secretary, 26; appointed orderly sergeant, 31 ; elected captain, 45 ; electMi major, 71 ; accc;mpanies the Guards through Baltimore, 114; attends reunion, 218. Mann, James M ., appointed fifer, 25. Morris, John D., elected treasurer, 25; elected third lieutenant, 25 ; resigned. 25. Moore, Edward B., 49. Myers, John P., 49. Miller, Thomas, 49. Mere- dith, Charles, 50. Jlosier, Samuel, 50. Maxwell, John J., 51. Massa- chusetts, 57. Mexico, war with, ended, 66. Mansion House, 69. Morrison, Col. Joseph, 72. Military notice, 85. Marple, W. Warren, appointed cor- poral, 106; captain in 104th regi- ment, 215. Manassas Junction, 135; battle at, first heard of, 190. Martins- burg mentioned, 152, 154, 157, 167, 178 ; goods captured at, 182; destruction THE DOVLESTOWX GUARDS. of property at, 1S3 ; bitterness towards Unionists at, 183. Montgomery county, Maryland, 162. Monocacy, 164. Milwood, mentioned, 191. Mann, James S., 200. Mansfield, General, mentioned, 200. Menu at reunion, 221. N New Hope, ii, 29, 39. Norwich Military Academy, 41, 53, 71, 72. Newtown, 53. Norristuwn, 72. Nugent, vS"ashington G., appointed assistant surgeon, 131. .\euton. Captain, makes reconnoisance, 152; report of, 153; mentioned, 159; ordered to Harper's Ferry, 196. Negley, Colonel, 158. New Hamp- shire, 1st, 164, 171. New York, 9th, 165, 171. o Opp, Peter, 69. Opp, Valentine, 69. Urem, James Reed, appointed orderly sergeant, 106; left a.. Sandy Hook, sick, 198; captain in 104111 regfiment, 215. Organization of troops, 14S. P Purdy, Joseph H., g, 10, 11, 16. Plattz, William S., 13. Pugh, John B., signs constitution, 13; on music committee, 24; elected i5rst lieuten- ant, 25; offers resolution, 27; elecied captain, 31 ; commands company at Camp Delaware, ;^; presents medal to company, 35 ; resigns, 44 ; men- tioned, 88. Purdy, Col. '1 homas, 16, 37, Princeton, 43. Palo Alto, 46. Pettit, William, 50. Patterson, Gen. Robert, 70; appointed major- general, 141 ; how occupied, 142 ; march delayec", 147; marches from Chambersburg, 148; reaches Hagers- town, 149; protests against with- drawal of regulars, 150 ; plan of operations, 151 ; active, 152; dispatch to Scott, 153 ; waits for Stone's brigade, 158; arrives at Martinsburg, 160; couriers from, 167; calls coun- cil of officers, 179; Scott's advice to. 180; writes to Scott, [Si; to detain Johnson at Winchester, 186, 188 ; prevented making forward move- ment, 1S9; asks for instructions, 190; concludes to retire to Harper's Ferrv, 195. Price, Charles, 74. Prizer, Enos, 87. Patterson, Capt. D. W., 103. Pniladelphia, no. Perryville, no. Pottsvitle, no, 117. Pearson, Jr., Edward P., 117. Pennsylvania, Department of, formed, 141, Porter, Piu-John, 158, Pennsylvania avenue, 161, Point of Rocks, 164. Penn- sylvania, 17th, 165. Patterson, Col. R., 165. irorterfieJd farm, 173. Penn- sylvania, 9th, 194.. Pennypacker, Major-General Galusha, 194. Penn- sylvania, 1st, 198. Pennsylvania Reserves, mentioned, 199, Quakertown, 24. R Rogers, Gen. William T., presents bass drum, 17. Reading, Captain, 29. Reeder, Captain, ;i5. Keystone Riflemen, ;^S. Kesaca de la Palma, 46. Rich, Burroughs P., 50. Rising bun, Lower, 68. Reserves, the 3rd, 83. Resolutions adopted, 87, Reiley, Representative, 103. Rogers, Ed- ward L., appointed sergeant, 106; mentioned, 128; color-bearer, 131 ; commands detail, 134 ; commands funeral escort, 138; mentioned, 161, J 74; rejoins command, 193; detailed as clerk to provost marshal, 193 ; cap- tain, 104th regiment, 215. Rupp, Mr., 108. Ringgold Artillery, no. Regiment, ist Pennsylvania, in. Reading, 117. Richards, M. E,, 117 ; Ramsey, Major, mentioned, 122. Rubicon, the, 126. Regiments, ar- riving, 134. Reserve Corps, Peni - sylvania, origin of, 143. Rockville expedition, 145 ; Rockville reached, 162 ; roads obstructed, 185. Re- union of Guards, 218 ; members present at, 223, THE DOVLESTOWN GUARDS. Snyder, M. H., 8, ii. Seitzinger, John, 12 ; elected second lieutenant, 31. bnyder, Thomas F., 12. bhuler, George, 12. Stirk, William. 12. Snodgrass, benjamin, 12. Soliiday, Samuel, 13. Shaw, James L., r8. Shearer, Enoch H.. 35. Stevens, Col. Thomas S., 41. bickel, Capt. H. G., 43. Siackhouse, John, 49. Stackhouse, William, 50. Snyder, Aaron , 50. Sands, J Obeph , 65. Swartzlander, Geo. W., 73, hwartz- lander, Jacob, appointed Eirst lieiuen- ant, 89; captain in 104th rej^iment, 215. Simmons, Capt. S. G., 104. bhunk. Governor, 104. Stavely, Wil- liam R., appointed sergeant, 106. Selheimer, Lieutenant-Coionel John B., 116, i6o. bumter, 117. Secre- tary of War, the, mentioned. 120, 122, J30. Scott, Lieutenant-Generat, mentiuned, 124, 136 ; his intentions, 142; writes to Hattcrrson, 147; orders regulars to Washington, 149; advice to Patterson, iSo ; telegrapns Patter- son, 182, 185 ; advised of skirmish, 128; true state of affairs, 190. Seward, Secretary, 128. bmith, becretary, 128. bteamboat, suspicious, cap- tured, 134. Stone, Col. Charles P., 144, 147, 158; his "auxiliary expedi- tion," 160; overtaken by battalion, 164 ; again overtaken, 165 ; strength of command, 166; plans attack on Harper's Ferry, 167 ; destiny of column changed. 167 ; marches to join Patterson, 168, 178 ; attends reunion, 218. "Secondary ex- pedition," 147. Skirmish with enemy, 166. Sharpsburg reached, 168, 169, J 71. Leads advance, 186. " Sly Boots," J96. Supper at reunion, 222. T Thomas, Isaac G., elected, 17. Trump, David, 29. Thompson, Capt. Hugh, 37. Thomas, Allen, 50, 67. Tomlinson, Thomas P., 74. Thomas, Capt. Joseph, 83, Twenty- fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers, 116; field officers, 116 ; original com- panies of, 118; arrive at Harrisburg and Washington, 119; class ol men, 122 ; situation of regiment, 123 ; colors presented to, 131 ; under can- vas, 131; battalion of, marches, 161; reaches Rockville, 162 ; mouth of Alonocacy, 164; Point of Rocks, 165; Harpei's i-'err)-, J65 ; returns to Har- per's Ferry, 19S; starts for Harris- burg, 198; fords the Potomac, 19S; passes through Washington and Baltimore, 199 ; reaches Harrisburg, 199. Thomas, Col. George H., 156, 15S, 178, Treasury building, ibi. Turnpike, Hagerstown, 170. Troops thrown into Virginia, 124. Turn- pike, Winchester, 178. Troops form for battle, 188; condition of, 190. U Uniform prescribed, 10, Union troop, 23. Union Academy, 30. V Vaux, William, 50. Volunteer companies, number of, in county when the war broke out, 82 ; names of, 82. Virginia, Valley of, 139. Valley, Sherandoah, 143. Virginia, 171, Virginia, We^t, 174, Virginia Republican y 1S3. W Wright, C. E., secretary of meet- ing, 7, 9, 11; elected secretary, 22 ; orderly sergeant, 24; resigns secre- taryship, 25. Worman's, 24. Wash- ington Grays, 43, 68. War with Mexico, 46. Widdifield, Louis, 49. Wynkoop, Col. Francis M., 66, 70, 107. Washington Blues, 68. Wid- difield, Casper S-, 73. Walton, Thomas S., 76. War meeting, 86, 89. Wynkoop, Gen. George, 107. Worth Infantry, log, 11 1, 184, Washington City, company arrives at, 114, Washington Arsenal, 120. W atson, Richard, 133. Williams- port, 154, 167, 171. Winchester, THE DOYLESTOWN GUARDS. XV 157 ; order to march on, 178. 35. Yardley, Senator Mahlon, 103. West Point, 159. White House, 161. York, 106; troops at, 107. Yeager, Wagons arrive, 165. Wallace, Col. Captain, 160. Yerkes, Harman, 219. Lew, 174. Was'ne Guards, 194. Y Z Ziegler, Capt. Thomas A., 106, Yocuni, E. J,, 13, Yohe, Captain, 109. Zouaves, Col. Ellsworth's, 127.