CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY THE CHARLES WILLIAM WASON COLLECTION ON CHINA AND THE CHINESE Cornell University Library IS 740.5.G7A3 1860a Despatches and enclosures ... / DATE DUE lij,l,f-f **PflflP» I j I i SAYLOHD PRINTED IN U.S.A. The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924023184884 y/y^/t^ . 4o.~ *» ' gel:) mil u). %ib(7 nlrh ttgysf 5270 The LONDON GAZETTE EXTRAORDINARY, December 28, i860. Received October 21. I860. THE Prince of Kung, Imperial Commissioner, makes a communication. Upon the 6th instant (19th October), the Prince addressed a communication to the British Minis- ter in reply to his Excellency's answer of the 4th instant, appointing the 10th of this moon (23rd October) as the day on which the Convention must positively be signed, and the [ratifications of the] Treaty of the 8th year (1858) exchanged. His Excellency's despatch, however, did not specify any hour on the 10th instant ; .and as the French are to sign and seal the Convention and exchange ratifications on the same day, unless an hour be fixed beforehand, the preliminary arrangements may possibly not be completed in time. The Prince trusts, therefore, that the British Minister will specify the hour at which the Con- vention is to be signed, and the exchange of the ratifications effected, that he may direct officers to make the necessary preparations. A necessary communication addressed to his Excellency the Earl of Elgin, at Hifinrfung, 10th year, 9th moon, 8th day (21st October, 1860). Received October 22, 1860. THE Prince of Kung, Imperial Commissioner, makes a communication. On ^receipt of the British Minister's despatch applying for the sum of 300,000 taels, to compen- sate [the suffering and losses] of the British officers and soldiers [made prisoners], the Prince wrote to say that he assented entirely, and he has this day sent officers to hand over that sum, in security of a good understanding between the two nations. He trusts that the British Minister will have it duly taken over, and will write a reply acknow- ledging the receipt of this money, which reply can be handed to the officer sent with it, that he may bring it to the Prince, in token of good faith. A necessary communication, addressed to his Excellency the Earl of Elgin, &c. Hien-fung,' 10th year, 9th moon, 9th day (22nd October, 1860). Translated by THOMAS WADE, Chinese Secretary. Earl of Elgin to Prince Kung. THE undersigned Earl of Elgin, &c, has the honour to acknowledge the Prince of Kung's two despatches, of the 21st and the 22nd instant, and begs in reply to inform His Imperial Highness that as soon as the silver forwarded yesterday shall have been duly examined by the British and Chinese officers now about to commence inspec- tion of it, the undersigned will enclose His High- ness the receipt he requests. The undersigned has further the honour to acquaint His Imperial Highness that he proposes signing the Convention, at the Court of the Board of Ceremonies, to-morrow, at two o'clock, and, immediately after its signature, exchanging the ratifications of the Treaty of 1858. British Embassy, Pekin, My Lord, October 25, 1860. GENERAL IGNATIEFF, the Representative of His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of Russia in Jhis country, has had the great kindness to allow us to bury in the Russian cemetery our country- men, who fell victims to the barbarity of the Chinese. Nothing could be more considerate than the manner in which this service was ren- dered to us. I enclose herewith the copy of a letter which I addressed to his Excellency on the subject, and I beg to assure your Lordship that I have not stated in that letter, as strongly as I feel it, my sense of the obligation under which I lie to General Ignatieff, for the course which he has followed ever since we have beete brought together in the discharge of our official duties. I enclose the copy of his Excellency's reply* I have, &c, ELGIN & KINCARDINE. The Lord John Russell, fyc, SfC, fyc. British Embassy, Pekin, Monsieur Le General, October 17, I860. PERMIT me to convey to your Excellency my very sincere thanks for the great favour which you have done to me, and to my countrymen, by per- mitting the British subjects, who have been bar- barously murdered by the Chinese authorities, to find a last resting-place in the Russian cemetery. Your secretary gave, I doubt not, a just ex- pression to the sentiment which dictated this most considerate act, on your Excellency's part, when he said to me after the funeral, " to-day we look on this cemetery, not as Russian, or Greek, but Christian." I cannot address your Excellency on this sub- ject without availing myself of the opportunity to acknowledge the gratification and advantage I have derived from my intercourse with your Excellency ever since our official relations have brought us together. Without departing from . the attitude which the instructions of your Government pre- scribed, you have throughout shown a legitimate sympathy in the success of the endeavours which we have been making to cause a semi-barbarous Government to respect the obligations of good faith in its dealings with other nations. For my own part, I have always derived benefit from your Excellency's opinion and knowledge on the sub- jects on which I have had the good fortune to converse with you. I have, &c, (Signed) ELGIN & KINCARDINE. His Excellency General Ignatieff. Milobd, Pekin, le T « T Octobre, 1860. J* Aleu 1' honneur de recevoir l'aimable lettrede votre Excellence du 5-17 Octobre. En donnant a vos malheureux compatriotes, qui sont morts d'une mani&re si horrible entre les mains cruelles des Chinois, la triste hos- pitality sur le cimetiere de notre Mission, je n'ai ^ait que mon devoir de chretien et de repr6sentant d'une nation amie. Je n'ai auivi dans eette occasion, comme dans toutes les autres, que 1' esprit des instructions de mon Gouvernement, qui dans uncas comme celui lane voudrait jamais suivre une autre ligne de conduite. II va sans dire, Milord, et jen'ai certainement pas besom des vous certifier expressement que les tombes des quatre Anglais qui gisent bien loin de leur patne dans notre cimetiere de Pekin seront religieusement gard&s par notre mission eccleisiaBtique avec les,memes soins que celle ci attache a la conservation des siennes. . The LONDON GAZETTE EXTRAORDINARY, December 28, 1860. 5271 Quant a ce que votre lettre contient de per- sonnel sur les rapports qui out existes entre nous, : je remercie votre Excellence pour tout ce qu'elle a bien voulu me dire d'obligeant et deflatteur. Je me felicite d'avoir entretenu avec votre Excellence les relations les plus tranches, et je ne puis a cette occasion que rep&er ce que deja j'ai eu l'honneur de vous dire : que toujours je serai enchant6 d'etre d'accord avec votre Ex- cellence et d'avoir pu profiter de vos lumieres et ile votre experience, dans les conversations in times sur des sujets qui interessent au plus haut point nos deux pays. J'ai, &c, (Sign6) N. IGNAT1EFF. A Son Excellence Le Oomte d' Eloin, Sfc, Jpc, Sfc. Camp before Pekin, Ml Loed, October 25, 1860. I have the honour to inclose the copy of a -letter which I addressed to Vice- Admiral Hope, in forwarding to him a copy of my note to Prince Kung of the 17th instant. I inclose, likewise, a copy of Admiral Hope's reply. I have, &c, ELGIN & KINCARDINE. The Lord John Russell, Sfc, Sfc, Sfc Sib, Camp before Pekin, October 22, 1860. I HOPE that arrangements will be sufficiently advanced this evening to enable me to sign the Convention to-morrow. The signature will take place at the Board of Ceremonies at about 2 p.m. I think it advisable that I should be accom- panied on this occasion by an escort of not less than 500 men, and I beg to know whether you will be prepared to furnish it. I have, &c, ELGIN & KINCAEDINE. Sir J. Hope Grant, K.C.B. Bib, Before Pekin, October 19, 1860. I HAVE the honour to inclose for your Excellency's information, the copy of a communi- cation which I addressed to the Prince of Kung, on the 17th instant, and in whieh, as you will observe, I have taking the liberty of referring to your Excellency. I have, &c, (Signed) ELGIN & KILCAEDINE. Coromandel, at Tiem-tsin, Mi Lobd, October 23, 1860. I HAVE the honour to acknowledge the reeeipt of your letter of the 19th inst., and beg to assure your Excellency that whatever measures you may find it necessary to adopt will meet my best support. I have, &c, (Signed) J. HOPE. The Earl of Elgin, Sfc, Sfc, Sfc Camp before Pekin, Mt Lobd, October 25, 1860. I HAVE the honour to inelose the copy of a letter to Lieutenant-General Sir Hope Grant, in which I requested an escort to accompany me on the occasion of the signature of the Conven- tion of Pekin, and of the exchange of the ratifi- cations of the Treaty of Tien-tsin, together With a copy of Sir Hope Grant's reply. I have, &c., ELGIN & KINGAEDINE. The Lord John Buttell, $c, Sfc, Sfc Head-quarters, Mt Lobd, October 23, 1860. IN reply to your Excellency's letter of this date, I have the honour to state that an escort of 500 men, as requested by your Lordship, will be ready to attend you into Pekin to-morrow. The escort will be composed of 100 cavalry, and 400 infantry. I have, &c, (Signed) J. HOPE GEANT. The Earl of Elgin, $c, Sfc, Sfc. A 2 British Embassy, Peking. Mt Lobd, 25th October, 1860. PRINCE KUNG'S communication to me, of which the translation was forwarded in my de- spatch to your Lordship, of the 13th inst., and of which I furnish a duplicate translation herewith, was by no means a satisfactory docu- ment. Although we were receiving, day by day, fresh evidence of the barbarous treatment which our fellow-countrymen, who had been illegally arrested, had experienced at theg hands of the Chinese authorities, and although I had constantly stated in my letters to him, that I could not en- tertain proposals for the establishment of peace until they should have been restored, he makes in it no allusion to them at all ; on the contrary, he refers somewat flippantly to peace as already ex- isting, complains of the advance of the army to the Palace of Yuen-Ming- Yuen, and endeavours to make conditions respecting the cession of the gate of the city, with the manifest intention of giving to that act the appearance of an arrange- ment entered into for mutual convenience, rather than of an absolute surrender. To have accepted such a communication as satisfactory, and as the basis on which an agreement for the final settle- ment of our differences with China might be built, Would have been, in my judgment, to com- promise the most important objects for which this costly expedition was undertaken. The people of China would have been ere long informed that we had been baffled by the defences of Peking. In the more secret councils of the Imperial Court it would have been argued that the arrest of the prisoners had been a successful measure, as it had in some degree at least, paralyzed our movements, and gratified the resentment of the Emperor, without entailing any specific penalty. Low as is the standard of morals which now obtains in China on such points, we should, in my opinion have still further lowered it, if we had not treated the act in question as a high crime calling for severe retribution. Such being the convictions at which I had ar- rived after a full and anxious consideration of all 5272 The LONDON GAZETTE EXTRAORDINARY, December 28, 1860. the circumstances of the case, and of the obliga- tions which those circumstances imposed upon me, I had to determine how I could best give effect to them, but here I found myself beset with difficulties of no common magnitude. Lieutenant- General Sir Hope Grant, as your Lordship will perceive, from my correspondence with him, of which a copy is transmitted herewith, held the opinion that his army must commence its march towards Tien-tsin, on or before the 1st of November ; and further, that any attack on Peking, or on the public buildings contained therein, unless preceded by some fresh provoca- tion on the part of the Chinese, would be incon- sistent with tho conditions on which he had accepted the surrender of the Anting Gate of the city. Baron Gros was, on tho other hand, mo?t desirous that we should lake no step which might prevent us from obtaining the signature of the Convention, and the ratification of the Treaties of 1858. On this point I entirely agreed with his Excellency ; but I confess that I attached more importance to the impression which we might leave behind us on our departure from this place, than to any formal stipulations by which the Chinese authorities might bind themselves. It was necessary, therefore, to discover some act of retribution and punishment sufficiently severe to produce the required effect, and yet capable of such rapid execution, that it would be possible after it had been accomplished, to complete, before the 1st of November, the Treaties of peace, and such further measures as might be immediately necessary to put them into operation. This had to be done without attacking Peking, or anything within Peking, and in such a manner as to make the blow fall on the Emperor, who was clearly responsible for the crimes committed ; without, however, bo terrifying his brother, whom he had left behind him to represent him, as to drive him from the field. | {The destruction of the Yuen-Ming- Yuen Palace, coupled with the exaction, as a step preli- minary to negotiations, and in name of compen- sation to the sufferers, of such a sum of money as could be raised on the spot by the Government, seemed to me to be the only combination which fulfilled all these conditions. I had also at one time resolved to require that a monument should be erected at the expense of the Chinese Govern- ment, stating the circumstances of the arrest and murder of the British subjects illegally captured, who had died from the effects of their ill-treatment in prison, and the penalty which had been inflicted for the deed ; but this proposal I finally aban- doned for reasons which I have explained else- where. As the destruction of Yuen-Ming- Yuen is, however, an act to which exception may, with great apparent reason, be taken, it is my duty before closing this despatch, to say a few words respecting the only modes of inflicting a specific punishment for the crime in question which, limited as were my means of action for the reasons above stated, I could have adopted as substitutes for that measure. I might, perhaps, have demanded a large sum of money, not as compensation for ithe sufferers, but as a penalty inflicted on the Chinese Govern- ment. But, independently of the objection in principle to making a high crime of this nature a mere money question, I hold on this point the opinion which is, I believe, entertained by all persons without exception who have investigated the subject, that, in the present di.-organised state of the Chinese Government, to obtain large pecuniary indemnities from it is simply impossible, and that all that can be done practically in the matter is, to appropriate such a portion of the Customs revenue as will still leave to it a sua- cient interest in that revenue to induce it to allow the natives to continue to trade with foreigners. It is calculated that it will be neces- sary to take 40 per cent, of tho gross Customs revenue of China for about four years in ordered procure payment of the. indemnities already claimed by Baron Gros and mp, under instructions from your Lordship and tho French Government. Embarrassing questions respecting the occupa- tion of Chinese territory are involved in this arrangement, and I do not think that it would be advisable to bind ;he Chinese Government by engagements which would cause the term of liqui- . dation of these indemnities to be indefinitely extended. Or, I might have have required that the per- sons guilty of cruelty to our countrymen, or of the violation of a flag of truce, should be sur- rendered. Bat if I had made this demand n general terms, some miserable subordinates would probably have been given up, whom it would ha\e been difficult to pardon and impossible to punish'. And if I had specified Sing-ko-linsin, of whose guilt, in violating a flag of truce evidence sufficient to ensure his condemnation by a court-martial could be furnished, I should have made a demand which, it may be confidently affirmed, the Chinese Government would not have conceded, and mine could not have enforced. I must add, that throw- ing the responsibility for the acts of Government in this way on individuals, resembles too closely the Chinese mode of conducting war to approve itself altogether to my judgment. Having, there- fore, to the best of my judgment, examined the question in all its bearings, I came to the conclu- sion that the destruction of Yuen- Ming- Yuen was the least objectionable of the several courses open to me, unless I could have reconciled it to my sense of duty to suffer the crime which had been committed to pass practically unavenged. I had reason, moreover, to believe that it was an act which was calculated to produce a greater effect in China, and on the Emperor, than persons who look on from a distance may suppose. It was the Emperor's favourite residence, and its destruction could not fail to be a blow to his pride as well as to his feelings. To this place, as appears from the depositions of the Sikh troopers, copies of which were inclosed in my despatch to your Lordship of October 13, he brought our hapless countrymen, in order that they might undergo their severest tortures within its pre- cincts. Here have been found tho horses and accoutrements of the troopers seized, the decora- tions torn from the breast of a gallant French officer, and other effects belonging to the pri- soners. As almost all the valuables had already been taken from the palace, the army would go there, not to pillage, but to mark, by a solemn act of retribution, the horror and indignation with which we were inspired by the perpetration of a great crime. The punishment was one which would fall, not on the people, who may be com- paratively innocent, but exclusively on the Empe- ror, whose direct personal responsibility for the crime committed is established, not only by the treatment' of the prisoners at Yuen-Ming- Yuen, but also by the Edict inclosed in my despatch of the 22nd October, in which he offers a pecu- niary reward for the heads of the foreigners, adding, that he is ready to expend all his treasure in these wages of assassination. I have now submitted as full a statement as it is in my power to furnish, of the motives which determined the tenor of the despatch which I addressed to Prince Kung, in replying to his The LONDON GAZETTE EXTRAORDINARY, December 28, 1860. 5273 communication to me of the 12th instant. I conclude by inclosing a copy of it, and. a transla- tion of the rejoinder which it called forth. I have, &c, ELGIN & KINCARDINE. Lord John Russell, $c, Sfe., $c. Received \2th October, 1860. The Prince of Kung, Imperial Commissioner,' makes a communication. THE Prince having repeatedly ■written to say \ that he had deputed officers to treat the British Secretary, Mr. Parkes, with all honour, and that as soon ns they and he had satisfactorily settled together all questions relating to the scaling and signature of the Convention (the rest of), the British subjects to be returned (as well), conduct towards the British Government which was not illiberal, how comes it that the British troops have carried their outrages into the garden palace of the Emperor, and have fired His Majesty's audi- ence halls and dwellings. Is it reasonable that, the nation of the British Minister being one acquainted with the obligations of man to man, with discipline long established in its army, while its troops have wantonly fired and plundered the garden palace, the commanders of the two armies and the British Minister should affect ignorance of this ? The British Minister should by rights state plainly in his reply what steps are to be taken with regard to these proceedings ; (1) this day, how- ever, to his surprise, the Prince has received a despatch from his Excellency General Grant, the British Commander-in-Chief, to the effect that lie is about to take possession of the Anting Gate, and to'preface this by the erection of a battery, and that in the event of a refusal he ; will assault the city on the 29th instant (13th October). That the soldiers the British Minister might bring with him, when he came to the capital to exchange the Treaties, should be distributed with- out the walls, and that [his escort should accom- pany him into the city, were indeed considerations inserted in the Convention, and to which of course effect .will be given, as (the Convention) has been in toto assented to both by the former Commis- sioners and the Prince. The British Minister having also stated, in a despatch which the Prince has received, that there should be no alteration whatever in the Treaty, this too can be at once exchanged; that a good understanding may be established to endure for ever. But the words of the Convention had reference to the British Mi- nister's entrance into the capital for the purpose of exchanging the Treaties ; the city gates have ever been under the. surveillance of high officers specially charged to see them opened and closed ; if they be thrown open at this moment, before (peace be concluded) and the duty of inspection and search recklessly neglected, the disorderly of the place will probably seize the opportunity to commit all sorts of irregularities. It is indis- pensable therefore that proper precautions should be taken. The letter received from the British Government (Sir Hope Grant's despatch) says that the Anting Gate will be occupied by a bo ly of troops, and the two nations being now at peace this is an arrangement which of course can be made, but the reply to this despatch should specify certain regulations for the occupation of this gate, and when the British Minister's reply to this effect 1 shall have been received, a day can be named for the signature of the Convention and the exchange qf the Treves, in order that before that day all necessary arrangements may be duly considered, to the establishment of a good understanding. The British officers (st^ill detained) were seized by the late Commissioners, a certain number were missing after the fight, or [have died] of their wounds or of sickness. The Prince gave orders to the officers whose business it was to find out where they were, to make them comfortable, and to put them under medical treatment, and he now returns them as his former despatch promised that he would return them, keeping his word, without any abatement or modification. The Prince's correspondence during the last fe address himself to his Excellency, ilt'ioiuh he lias received the despatch from his E-.eolleiiey t'c British General, as the good ' understanding has been restored. He therefore writes this despatch, a necessary communication, addressed to his Excellency the Earl of Elgin, &c, &c. Hien-Fung, 10th year, 8th moon, 28th day (12th October, 1860). Translated by THOMAS WADE, Chinese Secretary. (1.) What punishment inflicted on the troops, what reparation made for losses, &c. T. W. THE Undersigned has the honour to acknow- ledge receipt of a despatch from His Serene High- ness the Prince Kung, under date the 12th instant : As that despatch was in its principal part a reply to a communication which had been ad- dressed to Prince Kung by the Commander-in- chief of Her Britannic Majesty's force, he trans- mitted a copy of it as soon as it reached him to his Excellency, in order that he might take such notice of it as might seem to him to be fitting. It is unnecessary, therefore, for the Undersigned to refer to those parts of the despatch in question which refers to the attack on "Yuen-Ming- Yuen, and other military acts consequent on the advance of the British and French troops to the neighbour- hood of Peking, he will only observe on this head that this advance took place because the Chinese Government refused to accept the terms of peace offered to it by the Undersigned, firstly, at Tien- tsin and again at Tung-Chaw, and because, in the latter case that refusal was accompanied by an act of barbarous treachery, for which it would be difficult in the annals of the world to find a parallel. The Commander-in-chief has informed the Undersigned that he took no notice whatsoever of that portion of the despatch of the Prince, in which his Highness requires that a letter should be written to him specifying the regulations under which the gate shall be held when surrendered to the allies. The gate has nevertheless been surrendered unconditionally ; this is well ; had the Prince adhered to the demand implied in that clause of his despatch, the city of Peking would have been assaulted and taken. The Undersigned has further to inform His Serene Highness that the letter of the Commander- in-chief, stating the terms on which the city of Peking would be spared, was written before he knew the treatment to which the British and French subjects, seized in violation of a flag-of- truce, on the 18th ultimo, had been subjected, 5274 Thb LONDON GAZETTE EXTRAORDINARY, December 28, 1860. and when all the evidence which he possessed on this point was contained in the despatch of the Prince to the Undersigned, in which despatches the Prince repeatedly averred that the prisoners in question had suffered no mortal injury, were comfortably lodged, and treated with all proper attention. Information since received establishes the fact that at the time when these words were written several subjects of Her Britannic Majesty, not taken in fight, but seized and bound while relying on the security that should have been afforded them by a flag-of-truce, and offering no resistance, had already died from the effects of the barbarous cruelty to which they and their companions had been subjected as prisoners. This flagrant mis- representation of the facts of the ease, for which the Prince is himself responsible, would fully justify the Commander-in-chief in setting at nought the conditions under which the gate of the city was surrendered into his hands, but he is still desirous to spare, if possible, the lives of the common people. The Undersigned now proceeds to advert to those portions of the despatch of His Serene High- ness which concern him more immediately, and especially to that clause which speaks of peace as already established between Great Britain and China. The- Undersigned begs to remind his Serene Highness that in the first communication which he had the honour to address to him, he informed him that suspension of hostilities and negotiation of peace would be impossible until the officers and subjects of Her Britannic Majesty still missing had returned : to that declaration he has constantly adhered. How has this condition which the Undersigned has throughout declared to be indispensable to the resumption of negotiations for the establishment of peace been fulfilled by Prince Kung and the Government which he represents ? Of the total number of 26 British subjects seized in defiance of honour and of the law of nations, 13 only have been restored alive, all of whom carry on their persons evidence more or less dis- tinctly marked of the indignities and illtreatment from which they have suffered, and 13 have been barbarously murdered under circumstances on which the Undersigned will not dwell lest his indignation should find vent in words which arc not suitable to a communication of this nature. Until this foul deed shall have been expiated, peace between Great Britain and the existing dynasty of China is impossible. The following therefore, are the conditions, the immediate acceptance of which will alone avert from it the doom impending on it. What remains of the palace of Yuen-Ming-Yuen, which appears to be the place at whioh several of the British captives were subjected to the grossest indignities, will be immediately levelled with the ground ; this condition requires no assent on the part of his Highness, because it will be at once carried into effect by the Commander-in-chief. A sum of 300,000 taels must be paid down at once to the officers appointed by the Undersigned to receive it, which sum will be appropriated at the discretion of Her Majesty's Government to those who have suffered, and to the families of the murdered men. The immediate signature of the Convention drawn up at Tien-tsin, which will remain as it is with the single change that it shall be competent for the armies of England and France to remain at Tien-tsin until the whole indemnities spoken of in the said Convention are paid, if the Govern. ments of England and France see fit to adopt this course. The demolition of Yuen-Ming- Yuen will take place immediately. Unless before 10 a.m. on the 20th, the Prince informs the Undersigned in writing that the sum demanded as compensation for the British subjects who have been maltreated or murdered, will be ready for payment on the 22nd, and that he will be prepared to sign the Convention and to ex- change the ratifications of the Treaty of Tien-tsin on the 23rd, the Undersigned will again call on the Commander-in-chief to seize the Imperial Palace in Pekin, and to take such other measures to compel the Chinese Government to accede to the demands of that of Great Britain as may seem to him to be fitting. It is proper, -however, that he should inform the Prince, that should the con- tumacy of the Chinese force him to adopt this course, he will address himself to the Commander- in-chief of Her Majesty's Naval Forces, as well as to the Commander-in-chief of Her Majesty's Land Forces. He begs to remind the Prince that the Customs revenue of Canton is being collected for the profit of the Supreme Government of China, although that city is in the military occupation of the Allies. That it is the military force of the Allies which has for some time past prevented Shanghai from falling into the hands of the rebels, and that the junks carrying rice and tribute to Peking have been allowed to pass and repass unmolested, although the fleets of the Allies command both the seas and rivers. If peace be not at once concluded, this state of things will cease, and the Undersigned will concert measures with Her Majesty's Naval Commander- in-chief, with the view of obtaining from these aud other sources indemnification for the expense which Her Majesty's Government is compelled to incur by the bad faith of that of China. (Signed) ELGIN & KINCARDINE. Beceived 2Qth October, 7 A. M. The Prince of Kong, Imperial Commissioner, makes a communication in reply. Upon the 4th of the 9th moon (17th, October) the Prince received the British Ministers reply of the 3rd, and he now in evidence of hiB desire for friendly relations makes answer plainly and clearly that we positively agree to everything [therein demanded]. The despatch under acknowledgement states that of 26 persons seized, but 13 have been sent back, and that to compensate these and [the fami- lies] of the 13 who are dead, for what they have suffered, the British Minister requires 300,000 taels. Feeling that his Excellency's requisition for the sum to be so appropriated is prompted by the best intentions on his part, the Prince at once approves of its payment. As regards the barbarous treatment of the offi- cers and men of the [French and British] nations, the Prince has assented to the payment of the compensation moDey, that in the amends it makes (or the comfort it will afford) there might he proof (of the re-establish»ent) of friendly rela- tions. The day on which his Excellency the British Ambassador, will exchange the ratifications can ht The LONDON GAZETTE EXTRAORDINARY, December 28, 1860. 5275 satisfactorily arranged between whatever officers may be deputed (for this purpose) on either side. A necessary reply, addressed to his Excellency, the Earl of Elgin, Hien-Fung, 10th year, 9th moon, 6th day (19th .October, 1860). Translated by THOMAS WADE. Chinese Secretary. Sib, Before Pekin, October 15th, 1860. AS it is important that I should not, at the present conjuncture, make ' any demands on the Chinese Government, in the" enforcement of which I shall not be supported by your Excellency, I beg to know whether I have rightly interpreted your Excellency's views on the following points : 1st. That it is your determination to return to Tien-tsin before the winter sets in. 2ndly. That, in order to effect this object, it is necessary that you should commence your move- ment towards that place not later than the first week in November. 3rdly. That you consider that good faith re- quires you to abstain from any attack on Peking, or on the public buildings contained therein, unless the Chinese give fresh cause of provocation. 4thly. But that you are prepared to take mea- sures at once for the complete demolition of the palaces of Haitien and Yuen-Ming- Yuen. I have, narrative by Mr. Parkes of the occurrences rf^-™ took place while he was detained as a prisoner M^^jf! h?3' iXA 'H^TUKfSi ■i«f4 v 5278 The LONDON GAZETTE EXTRAORD [NARY, December 28,. 1860 Painful as is the process by which this experi- ence is acquired such an incident as the capture of Mr. Parkes affords us an insight into the work- ing of the Chinese system which we should never otherwise probably have obtained. Mr. Parkes' consistent refusal to purchase his own safety, by making any pledges, or even by addressing to me any representations, which might have embarrassed me in the discharge of my duty, is a rare example of courage and devotion to the public interest, and the course which he followed in this respect, by leaving my hands free, enabled me to work out the policy which was best calculated to secure his own oelease, as well as the attainment of the national rbjects intrusted to my care. I am, &c, ELGIN & KINCARDINE. To the Lord John Russell, Sfc. fyc. 8fC. British Head-Qvarters, My Lord, Pekin, October 20, 1860. I HAVE the honour to lay before your Excel- lency the following statement of the circumstances which attended my capture and subsequent impri- sonment : — I left Ho-se-woo at 4 a.m. on the morning of Monday, the 17th September, accompanied by Mr. Loch, Private Secretary to your Excellency ; Mr. De Normann, First Attache to Her Britannic Majesty's Legation ; Colonel Walker, Deputy Quartermaster-General; Mr. Thompson, Deputy- Commissary-General ; and Mr. T. W. Bowlby. The escort consisted of five men of the King's Dragoon Guards, and twenty sowars of Fane's Horse, under Lieutenant Anderson. Shortly after passing Matow, we were met by a Colonel and three other Chinese officers, who had been sent out, as they stated, by the Imperial Commissioners to escort us into Tung-chow. On approaching Chang-kea-wan, I pointed out to Colonel "Walker the point, five le south of that place, proposed by the Imperial Commissioners and agreed to by your Excellency as the advanced position of our army, and as we rode over a part of the ground we could see no indications of there being any Chinese force in that vicinity. After passing Chang-kea-wan, however, we observed bodies of Tartar Horse between that place and Tung-chow, and were informed by their Commauder, Tih-hingah (the Lieutenant-Genera] commanding at Sin-ho when that place was taken on the 12th August), who rode forward to meet us in a most friendly and courteous manner, that these were some of the troops which had lately held the country between Tung-chow and Ho-se-woo, and had just been called in by order of the Imperial Commissioners. He congratulated us, with much apparent warmth, on " the conclusion of peace ;" and, in a soldierly •way, made the voluntary observation : " Let us forget that we have been enemies, and henceforward know each other as friends." Writing after the event, I now see a serious significance in the removal of several small bridges, placed across the small canal or streamlet that runs past Chang-kea-wan, at a point which I afterwards knew, by sad experience, to be the spot whence Sang-ko-lin-sin directed, in person, the movements of the following day. I had observed these bridges on the occasion of my previous visit to Tuug-chow, but, in the absence of any other cause for suspicion, we naturally did not now attach an importa.it meaning to the circumstance of their removal. On reaching Tung-chow at about 10-30 a.m., we went at once to the Temple pointed out by the Chinese officers as the place selected both for our own accommodation and for the meeting with the Imperial Commissioners. All our personal wants were readily supplied, and at about 1 o'clock I was admitted to an interview with the Commissioners : Tsai, Prince of I, and Muh-yin, who were assisted on this occasion by Hang-ki, late Assistant Commis- sioner at Tien-tsin, and well known to me when he formerly occupied, the position of Superintendent of Customs at Canton. Having delivered to the Commissioners, who received me courteously, your Excellency's despatch of the lGth of September, they raised discussion on three points, namely : the escort, the immediate withdrawal of the forces, and the presentation of Her Majesty's autograph letter to the Emperor. They objected to the escort being taken by your Excellency beyond Tung-chow ;• urged that the forces should commence to retire the moment the Convention was signed ; and called the delivery of the letter a new demand which they had then heard of for the first time. To these objections I replied that it had already been settled at Tien-tsin that your Excellency should take the escort to Pekin ; that it could not be expected that the forces would retire before your Excellency had concluded all matters connected with the exchange of the ratifi- cations of the Treaty of 1858 ; and also that this was not the first time that the delivery of the Queen's letter had been mentioned, your Excellency having already been in written communication on this subject with the Commissioners at Tien-tsin. As the discussion proceeded, the Commissioners withdrew their objections to the first two points, but continued to oppose the presentation of the letter by your Excellency in person with great earnestness. It could be received, they said, in a manner which denoted, in their opinion, high respect, and an autograph reply could be returned ; but the whole ceremonial should be conducted by a Prince or Imperial Commissioner appointed for the pur- pose, and there could be no occasion for your Excel- lency to have an audience with the Emperor on. this account. I explained the object of the letter, that it was a mark of the respect and friendship enter- tained by the Queen for the Emperor, but that the honour due to the former would not allow of the letter being presented in any other way than by her own Ambassador ; and that seeing that your Excel- lency had come from a great, distance for the pur- pose of establishing friendly relations with the Chinese Government, it would be unfortunate if the latter were to prove themselves still opposed to closer intimacy, and unwilling to reciprocate the cordiality and good feeling shown by Her Majesty. Finding, however, that these arguments had little weight with the Commissioners, I tried to avoid the question, which, I said, might be considered by themselves and your Excellency on another occa- sion, and endeavoured to draw their attention to the other business I had on hand ; but as they in- sisted on recurring to it, I distinctly declined further discussion on the ground that I was not authorized to speak on the subject, but that I would not fail to report all that they had urged to your Excellency. The meeting was interrupted at 4 o'clock by the arrival of the French Secretary of Embassy, who was then received by the Commissioners according to appointment. - 1 was at one time invited both by the French officers and the Commissioners to assist at that interview, and at about 6 o'clock I was once more left alone with the Commissioners, who again brought up the question of audience, and unreason- ably insisted that I should decide this without any previous reference to your Excellency. Having at last satisfied them, as I thought, that this was Thh LONDON GAZETTE EXTRAORDINARY, December 28, 1860. .5279 impossible, I prevailed on them to proceed with the consideration of other matters. The terms of the Proclamation in which your Excellency proposed that the Imperial Commissioners should make known to the people the circumstances under which the Allies desisted from further hostilities were discussed, and they accepted, apparently with com- plete approval, the Draft supplied me by Mr. Wade. 1 begged therefore that it should be put in the hands of the type-cutters that night, and while they gave, or affected to give, directions to that effect, their Secretaries arranged with me certain particulars as to the form of the document. The Commis- sioners next named the officers who were to accom- pany Colonel Walker and myself at daylight the next morning to mark out the position of the Bri- tish camp at the five-?e point south of Chang-kea- wan ; other officers were also appointed to act with me in forming a depot of supplies at the latter town; and the same persons were directed to furnish the carts required by Mr. Loch for the transport of your Excellency's baggage to Tung-chow. T parted from the Commissioners at about 8 p.m., and such was their tone during the latter part of the interview that I had no reason to suppose that the gratification they expressed, when I congratulated them on the conclusion of the Preliminaries of Peace, was wholly insincere ; and I was subsequently engaged with Hang-ki until a late hour in the evening in arranging the details necessary to give effect to the measures they had agreed to. At daybreak the next morning, Tuesday the 18th September, the Chinese officer appointed to act with Colonel Walker and myself in marking out the position of the camp was in attendance, and we rode out together to Chang-kea-wan. As we passed the latter place, and reached the five-/p point, we were surprised to find that the ground on both sides of the road was occupied by considerable bodies of Infantry and Cavalry : that the long embankment which formed, as I had understood, the leading mark of the five-fe point was lined with matchlock- men, while Cavalry were thrown out in skirmishing order far beyond it ; that guns were being rapidly brought into position, we ourselves having uninten- tionally entered a masked battery of twelve guns upon the construction of which men were still en- gaged, and in short that a very considerable force was in active movement all around us. It was in vain that I asked to be direrted to some comman- ding officer who could give me an explanation of this movement: the officers to whom I spoke returned only vague answers, such as that their General might be ten or twenty le off, or that they did not know where he was. Having my suspicions fully awakened by what I saw, I determined to hasten back to Tung-chow (distant about five miles) for the purpose, first, of learning if the Imperial Commissioners would avert a collision by directing the withdrawal of the force, and, then, of bringing away the remainder of my party (twenty of whom remained in the town) if they refused to do so. I at the same time requested Mr. Loch to ride on and report to General Grant the state of affairs, together with my intention of returning with further information as soon as possible ; while Colonel Walker, with the small portion of the escort we had brought out, remained on our encamping ground, making such observations as he thought proper. On my way to Tung-chow I met Hang-ki, who told me that he was going by direction of the Imperial Commissioners to see your Excellency, an instruction which, if given, he did not carry out, and he expressed surprise at the movement of force then going on, which he said he did not understand. I also met the Secretary of the French Embassy and two other parties of French officers, B 2 and advised them to lose no time in returning to their own head-quarters. On arriving at Tung-chow I sent after the gentlemen of my own party who were out in the town, and then proceeded in quest of the Com- missioners. As no one in the Temple would tell me where they were staying, I went to the Chief Magistrate of the city who, after some hesitation, guided me to them in a temple nearly three miles distant from the one in which we had been put up. They did not appear until after some delay, and I at once observed a marked change both in their manner and in that of the crowd of officers around them. I informed them in a guardedly respectful tone of what I had that morning seen, and asked them whether they were aware that a large force of Chinese troops had occupied the very ground which they themselves had named as the situation of the allied camp. The following conversation then ensued : — Commissioners. — We are not military authorities, and have no control over the troops. Mr. Parkes. — 'But your Excellencies, as Imperial Commissioners, have certainly power to instruct your Generals to desist from hostilities, and a collision is now imminent between the force I speak of and the allied column which must shortly reach the same spot. Will you, therefore, direct the immediate withdrawal of the Chinese troops? Commissioners. — We can only direct our troops to retire when peace shall have been determined on. Mr. Parkes. — I thought that peace had been determined on both by yourselves as well as by the Allies. Have not all the preliminaries been discussed and concluded at our several interviews ? Commissioners. — We do not think so. You have left one very essential point unsettled — that of the audience. Mr. Parkes. — I informed your Excellencies that I had no instructions on that point ; but at the same time assured vou that it could be settled at another time, and the' very fact of my not being authorized to discuss it proved that it was not a question upon which peace or war depended. Commissioners. — We take a different view, and hold that there can be no peace until this point is finally arranged. Until peace is settled our troops cannot retire. Mr. Parkes. — I am sorry to hear your Excel- lencies speak in this tone. You should at least have stated as much to me yesterday. I can only return and report what you now say to Lord Elgin. Commissioners. — You can do much more if you like. You can settle the point at once yourself; but you will not do this. Mr. Parkes. — I can only repeat that I have no power to do anything of the 'kind, and all that I can now do is to return to Lord Elgin. While this conversation was going on, I was repeatedly interrupted by the mandarins standing around the Commissioners, who thought it right to attempt to drown my voice by repeating in a loud tone, with various additions of their own, the remarks of their superiors, and the Commissioners made no attempt to check this rudeness. I made brief notes of the replies of the latter in my pocket- book, explaining to them that I did so to enable me to report accurately to your Lordship all that they had said; and then taking a respectful leave of them, I lost no time in returning to my party. I found them all collected, and that they had been waiting for me about twenty minutes. Mr. Loch, accompanied by Major Brabazon, had come in from General Grant to say that we must lose no time in returning, and we gave our best heed to the injunction , 5280 The LONDON GAZETTE EXTRAORDINARY, December 28, iscu. We had just passid -Chang-kea-wan, and were hoping to be clear, in ten minutes, of the Chinese lines, when a fire of Chinese artillery opened along their front, and showed that the engagement had begun. As soon as we were observed, a number of Tartar Horse moved into the road to intercept us, and halting the party, I informed an officer whom we were, and asked him to allow us to pass on. He? desired us not to proceed until orders arrived from a superior officer close at hand, upon which I suggested that time might be saved if I visited that officer myself. He assented, and I therefore rode towards the spot, accompanied by Mr. Loch and one sowar, carrying a white flag. The remain- der of the party, namely, Major Brabazon, Lieu- tenant Anderson, Messrs., De Norman and Bowlby, one dragoon, and, I believe, eighteen sowars, remained in the road, and were also pro- vided with a white flag. On passing a field of tall cane, which hid us from our party, we suddenly came upon a body of Infantry, who were with difficulty prevented from tiring upon us, and we were directed to a mounted mandarin, evidently one of rank, and wearing a red button, who was standing on the opposite side of the canal referred to in the early part of this report, and near to the spot where one of the bridges had been removed. The crowd of soldiers called on us to dismount and cross the canal in a boat. I tried to avoid this, but as the mandarin referred to would not speak to me unless I did so, and seeing that we were surrounded by rude and excited soldiers, who clearly looked upon us as their prisoners, I advised Mr. Loch and the sowar to comply. By this time another mandarin had ridden up to the former one, and hearing, as he approached, the cry raised of "the Prince I the Prince!" I inquired from an officer what Prince it was. He told me Prince Sang (Sang-ko-lin-sin), and I therefore hoped that the use which this personage had himself made in the late hostilities of flags of truce would induce him to respect the one under which we were now acting. We therefore dismounted, in order to cross to him, and directly we did so the soldiers fell upon us, tore off several of the things we had on, dragged us across the canal, and hurled us prostrate on the ground before the Prince. The moment the Prince gave me an opportunity of speaking to him, which he did by asking me my name, I at once clearly informed him who I was, and of the whole character of my mission to Tung- chow, adding that I was returning to my Ambas- sador when I was stopped by his troops. I was proceeding with a remonstrance against the treatment I was receiving, when the Prince inter- rupted me by saying, " Why did you not agree, yesterday, to settle the audience question ?" " Because I was not empowered to do so," I replied. The Prince then continued in a very forbidding tone, " Listen ! You can talk reason ; you have gained two victories to our one. Twice you have dared to take the Peiho forts ; why does not that content you ? And now you presume to give out " (the Prince here alluded to the proclamation of the Commander-in-chief) "that you will attack any force that stops your march on Tung-chow. I am now doing that. You say that you do not direct these military movements, but I know your name, and that you instigate all the evil that your people commit. You have also used bold language in the presence of the Prince of I, and it is time that foreigners should be taught respect for Chinese nobles and Ministers." I endeavoured to explain the mistakes of the Prince ; told him distinctly what my functions were; that I had come to Tung-chow hy express agree- ment with the Imperial Commissioners, and solely in the interest of peace, and I again begged him to show the same respect to an English flag oi truce that we had always paid to those sd repeatedly sent in by the Chinese. The Prince, however, simply laughed at all this, and going towards a house that was close by, directed the soldiers to bring me after him. On arriving at the house, I was again thrown on my knees before him, and the Prince asked me if I would write for him. Having asked what it was that he wished me to write, he said, "Write to your people, and tell them to stop the attack." " It would be useless for mc to do so," I replied, "as I cannot control or influence military move- ments in any way. I will not deceive your High- ness by leading" you to suppose that anything I might write would have sudi an effect." •'I see you continue obstinate," he said, "and that you will be of no use to me." I 'then heard him give directions to take Mr. Loch, the sowar, and myself to the Prince of I, but to conduct the escort into Chang-kea-wan. While the necessary preparations were being made, two high officers in his suite, wearing red buttons, took me aside into a tent, and told me to sit down and talk with him. " Follow our advice," they said, " and don't think of denying that you can do this or that, or you will get into trouble." I again explained to them.„who I was, and how far my powers extended, but they replied that they did not believe me. Having expressed surprise at the engagement then going on, and inquired how it had commenced, they observed, "It does not matter how it com- menced ; perhaps you began it, perhaps we did : but you have at last gone too far, and will now get your deserts." " But we have not gone too far," I replied. " It has been agreed between our Ambassadors and your Commissioners that we are to occupy ground up to five le south of Chang-kea-wan." " Oh, we are not particular to a few le," said the officers. "It would have been quite the same if you had come within five, ten, or twenty le of our army. You have gone too far, we tell you." The cannonading now became heavier, and the two officers had to follow Prince Sang, who rode away to the front. Mr. Loch, the sowar, and myself, were ordered to get into an open cart of the roughest description, and two French soldiers, whom we had not before seen, were put in with us. A few moments before I had observed a French officer, whom I knew to be the Commissariat Intendant, being led up to the house ; he had ' evidently been ill-used, but I could not see to what extent, nor had I any opportunity of speaking with him. We were conveyed to Tung-chow, seeing nothing of our escort on the way, and were taken through the city to the temple in the western suburb, where I had seen the Commissioners in the morning. They had left, and our guard (consisting of fifty horsemen) followed the Peking-road, inquiring for the Commissioners as they went along, and enjoying the sufferings which the severe shocks occasioned us whin the cart was driven along the dilapidated stone causeway at a rapid pace. After retracing their steps in more than one direction they at last took us into an encampment and threw us on our knees before a mandarin, who they told us was the General and Minister of State, Juy-lin. To avoid another painful and useless examination I feigned faintness, and in reply to his inquiries called out for water. He then directed that we should be taken into the air, but we were so pressed upon by a disorderly mob of soldiers that we had to bej removed into a house, where we were searched by The LONDON GAZETTE EXTRAORDINARY, December 28, I860. 5281 a military officer of the rank of Tajin, and every- thing that we had in our possession was taken from us. Again we were • removed to a temple, and a mandarin on the suite of the Prince of I, named Tsing Tajin, who had behaved with marked rude- ness to me at the morning's interview, came in and directed that we should be brought before him for examination. He asked us our names and who we were, and then insisted upon my telling him where 1 had obtained a paper that had been found in my pocket in which prominent mention happened to be made of several Princes and other important personages who are believed to be among the leading advocates of the war policy. Fearing to criminate the native writer of the memorandum (which was nothing hut a list of names), I replied that I had obtained it in a Canton yamun. He declared this to be false, demanded why I presumed to make inquiries about Chinese Princes, and said that force should be used to make me divulge from whom I received the information. At this moment he was suddenly called away : \ie heard a stir outside the house, and a number of soldiers with drawn swords rushed in, dragged us all out, and bound our wrists tightly behind us. They were much excited, and called out that death was only our desert, as our soldiers had been killing their people. After a short delay, during which Mr. Loch and myself took, as we thought, a final leave of each other, we were seized by the soldiers and run out of the house at a swift pace, exactly in the way in which I have observed the Chinese conduct their prisoners to execution. Again we came together under some trees, and all five of us were put once more into a cart. All was confusion around us ; the camp we had previously observed was being struck, and I could see that some advance on the part of the allied force was evidently causing a retreat on that of the Chinese. Soon we found ourselves again on the Peking-road, and suffering much more than before from the jolting of the cart, as we could not now use our hands or arms to ward off the shocks. The cart being too heavily laden to proceed at the desired pace, another one was called, and the Sikh and one of the Frenchmen were transferred to it. We passed numerous bodies of Infantry in position along the road, and were met by a considerable force of Cavalry going in the direction of Tung-chow. The road was so much blocked up by men and vehicles retreating while others were advancing, that we were often obliged to halt. The Prince of I, Muh-yin, his fellow Commissioner, and Hang-ki, passed us in large sedan chairs, but would not deign to notice us. We could see that we were in the charge of Tsing Tajin, the officer already described as being on the suite of the Prince of I, and our first solicitations for relief from pain and thirst afforded him so much cruel gratification that we made no second appeal to his humanity. Fortunately one of the four soldiers in the cart with us was less relentless, and gave us a little water. It was about half-past 2 o'clock when we were put into the cart, and the sun was setting as we reached the Chaou-yang, or eastern gate of the city. The streets were crowded with people, and our captors made the best use they could of us, to give their return the character of a triumph. We continued to be driven through street after street, passing through the eastern and southern, and into the western quarter of the city, until we entered, at about 8 p.m., a large court, and I s.iw with ;i shudder that we were in the hands of the Board of Punishments. Afier we had been kept waiting in a dense crowd for half-an-hour longer, 1 was taken from the cart, and carried before a tribunal composed of examiners of small rank, who made me kneel, and after treating me in a very tyrannical manner,, and questioning me on a few unimportant points, they loaded me with chains, and gave me over to a number of ruffianly-looking jailors. These men conducted me through several long courts, and, happening to halt for some purpose, I knew by the clank of chains that another prisoner was approach- ing. It proved to be Mr. Loch, but they would not allow us to converse, and hastily sent us away in different directions. At last we stood before a building, which I could see was a common prison, and as the massive door opened and closed on me, I found myself in a throng of seventy or eighty wild-looking prisoners, most of them offensive in the extreme, as is usual in Chinese jails, from disease and dirt, and who were naturally anxious to gaze on the new-comer. I was again carefully examined and searched by the jailors, who also saw that my chains were properly secured, and bound my arms with fresh cords, not so tightly, however, as to prevent circu- lation, or to occasion serious inconvenience. At the same time, however, they removed, to my intense relief, the cords from my wrists, which beinjf very tightly tied, had caused my hands to swell to twice their proper size, and were now giving me great pain. They then laid me on the raised boarding on which the prisoners sleep, and made me fast by another large chain to a beam overhead. The chains consisted of one long and heavy one stretching from the neck to the feet, to which the hands were fastened by two cross chains and hand-cuffs, and the feet in a similar manner. l':.'ing exhausted with fatigue and want of food, which I had not tasted for upwards of twenty-four hour.- 5 , I fell asleep, but was soon made sensible of my position by being called up, and again carried before the same Board of inquisitors. It was then about midnight, but the hour did not prevent the collection of a large crowd, composed, however, in this instance of police-runners, jailors, lictors, and the other numerous myrmidons of Chinese law. The mandarins, as I was placed kneeling in my chains before them, warned me that they would force the truth from me if 1 did not give it willingly, and, in proof of their earnest- ness, they ordered four torturers to seize me, even before they began to put their questions, by the ears, and the hair of the head and face. They first asked me if I were a Chinese. I told them they had only to look at my face and hair to see that I was not. Their next questions related to my age, length of residence in China, how and where I had been employed, &c. They then proceeded as follows : — Inquisitors. — State the name of your headman. 'Answer. — Which one do you mean — the Ambas- sador, General, or Admiral ? Inquisitors (angrily). — You have no such func- tionaries. Don't presume to use such titles. Here the torturers suited their action to the tone of the Mandarins, by pulling simultaneously at my hair, ears, &c. Inquisitors. — Now give the name of your head- man. Answer. — Which one ? Inquisitors. — The head of your soldiers. Answer (in English). — Lieutenant-General Sir Mope Grant. Inquisitors. — What ? Answer (in English). — Lieutenant-General Sir Hope Grant. Inquisitors. — Bay something that we can under- Answer. — I am obliged to use the English terms as you will not let me give you these in Chinese. They attempted to write down, in Chinese sounds, '• Lieutenant-General Sir Hope Grant," but no$ 5282 The LONDON GAZETTE EXTRAORDINARY, December 28, 1860. succeeding, they asked the name of another head- man. Answer fin English). — Ambassador Extraordi- nary the Earl of Elgin. Finding it equally impossible to write this down in Chinese, or to get on with the examination, they told me I might revert to Chinese names and title?, and I then gave them those of the Ambassador and the Commanders-in-chief. Inquisitors. — How many soldiers have you ? Answer. — Not less than 20,000 fighting men. Inquisitors. — That is false. [Torturers clutched me as before.] Repeat how many. Answer. — Not less than 20,000 fighting men, in which I do not include followers, &c. I have stated that once to you, and have no other answer to give. Here I was again threatened, both by Mandarins and torturers, but deeming it dangerous to swerve from any statement I had once made, I adhered to that which I had already given them, and it was taken down. Inquisitors. — How many soldiers have the French ? Answer. — I am less acquainted with their force, but they cannot have less than 10,000 fighting men. Inquisitors. — You are lying again. The same question was repeated and enforced by the torturers ; I returned the same answer, and it was noted down. I then explained that being myself a civilian I could not be expected to be familiar with military matters, or to know all the particulars of so large an army as the present combined force. Inquisitors. — So large an army do you call it. What are 30,000 men ? They are a mere nothing. They then proceeded to examine me in the samp strain as to the number of our cavalry and artillery, ships, steamers, horses, Chinese coolies, &c, and, in particular, of the range of our field and siegr guns, which I ga.\ e them at three miles and upwards, together with other particulars of their destructive properties. Hearing that the horses of the force came from India, they questioned me as to the resources of that country, and were much displeased with my statement that it was within twenty days' sail of China, and had an army of upwards of 300.000 men, and a population of more than 100,000,000. They also equally disapproved of my estimate of the population of Great Britain, which I stated at about 30,000,000. But the remark which probably gave them most displeasure, and caused me some pain at the hands of the torturers, was the use, on my part, of a term for Her Majestv denoting equality of rank with the Emperor. They had inquired after our " Prince," to which I had replied, by stating that we had many Princes, both in England and India, but that they were all under one Sovereign, as in the case of the Empire of China. " What do you mean by using such language," they said ; " you have yourself shown that you have been long in China, that you can speak our language and read our books, and you must know, therefore, that there is but one Emperor, who rules over all lands. It is your duty to communicate your superior knowledge on this subject to your countrymen, instead of encouraging them in their extravagant ideas." They then insisted that I had often been in Pekin ; that I had confederates here, and that they would force me to reveal their names. I firmly denied all this, and told them that I knew but three persons in Pekin. Inquisitors. — Name them. Answer. — The two Imperial Commissioners — Prince of I and Muh-yin— and the Assistant Com- missioner Hang-ki. I made this reply in the hope of disarming their suspicions, which I could see were very strong on this point ; and the idea that through our Chinese coolies, or in some other way, we had set treason at work within the walls of the capital, was one which evidently gave them considerable apprehension. They were also particular in demanding informa- tion as to the number and names of our Inter- preters. I complied by giving them the Christian names and surnames of several of these gentlemen in full, knowing, as the event proved, that they would be unable to take down intelligibly the long English words, and they soon relinquished the inquiry. They made pointed inquiries, however, after Mr. Lay, and when I told them that he was now engaged by the invitation of the Chinese authorities in managing their foreign revenue, which had nearly doubled since the collection of. it had been placed in his hands, they reproved me for using such language, and called out that Lay was nothing else than a native (Chinese) traitor. Towards the close of the examination, through- out which I was compelled to remain kneeling on the stone floor, I obtained their permission to make a statement on my own account. I then told them why I and the other gentlemen of my party had come to Tung-chow ; that we were all employed in the cause of peace, and not of war ; but, although acting under a flag of truce, and admitted to inter- views with the Imperial Commissioners, we had been seized and were now being treated, not even as prisoners of war, but as common felons, and as offenders against Chinese law. I was urging that this great, and, to me, unaccountable mistake, should not be persisted in, when, they interrupted me by saying : " That is your account, but we have another story. Besides, if, as you state, you are a civilian, and have nothing to do with soldiers or their movements, why are you always seen with the advance ?" To this I answered, that we always kept an Interpreter in the front to be ready to receive overtures or communications from the Chinese authorities, and to look after the interests of the people. The examination ended, I was ordered back to prison. I have thus given a full recital, my Lord, of the occurrences of the 18th September, the day on which we were seized; but I shall endeavour to avoid similar detail in the account I have now to add of our subsequent twenty days of imprison- ment. On the 1 9th and 20th a great number of Mandarins visited the prison, and those whose official position entitled them to make the demand, ordered me to be brought out, that they might have the satisfaction of seeing me kneeling before them. Among these were the highest authorities of the Board of Punishments, including, as I now know, the President himself, who abused me in a very bitter tone, laughed at my statement, and appeared as ignorant ©f foreigners, and as much prejudiced against them, as his subordinates who had conducted the examination above described. Several Censors and Vice-Presidents of the other five Boards of Government were also pointed out to me by the jailors as being among the visitors. Whenever brought out before Mandarins of rank, I lost no opportunity of protesting against my treatment, and of pointing out that in wronging me they were injuring themselves, as it was impossible that peace could be made if they seized and imprisoned the instruments of negotiation. But it was only from the prisoners that I obtained sympathy or a hearing. Many of these unfortunate men were glad, when so permitted, to come round me to listen to my story, or any description that I would give them of foreign Trt LONDON GAZETTE EXTRAORDINARY, December 28, 1860. 5283 countries and usages. Instead of following the example set them by their authorities, and treating me with abuse or ridicule, they were seldom dis- respectful, addressed me by my title, and often avoided putting me to inconvenience when it was in their power to do so. Most of them were men of the lowest class and the gravest order of offenders, as murderers, burglars, &c. Those who had no means of their own were reduced by prison filth and prison diet to a shocking state of emaciation and disease, but those who could afford to fee the jaj^prs, and purchase such things as they wanted, lived in comparative fulness and comfort. They explained to me that their prison system cost the Government nothing more than the pay of the jailors, and the supply of tffeo bowls of boiled millet per day to each prisoner. All other expenses, such as water, lighting, fuel, tea, salt, vegetables for the prisoners, and good meals for the jailors, &c, are defrayed by some one among the prisoners who voluntarily undertakes the charge in redemption of a certain portion of his term of imprisonment. The mandarins of the Board having ordered that I should be supplied with food that I could eat, my maintenance, which cost, as I was told, 1*. a-day, was carried to the charge of the man who held this position, but instead of taking a dislike to me on account of the increased expense which [ occasioned him, he was one of the foremost in showing me kindness or consideration. My meals consisted of two meals a-day of boiled rice, or a kind of maccaroni seasoned with a very sparing allowance of meat or vegetables ; also cakes or the bread of the country, and a little tea and tobacco. In the prison roll which was hung up on the wall, I found myself returned as " a rebel," and that I was one of five, out of a total of seventy- three, who were ordered to wear the heaviest chains. As I grew more intimate with the inmates of the prison, I cautiously endeavoured -to obtain infor- mation from or through them of the movements of the allies, or the intentions of the Chinese authorities ; but the jailers were always on the watch to prevent communication between me and the prisoners on these subjects, nor would they allow themselves to be drawn into conversation respecting them. Two of these men remained always beside me, both by day and night, and although they occasionally answered my inquiries respecting Mr. Loch and my fellow-prisoners, they defeated every endeavour I made to get a message or note conveyed to them. On the 22nd September I was removed from the common prison to a separate ward about eight feet square, on the opposite side of the court, the four jailers appointed to watch ine crossing at the same time, and putting up in the same little room. This was scarcely done when I received a visit from the Inspector of the prison, who, instead of making me kneel before him, as he had done on previous visits, desired me to be seated, and intro- duced another mandarin of small rank as his relief. The latter said he had come merely to pay me a friendly and a private visit, and to suggest in an ^equally private way whether I could not do some- thing by writing a note of some kind, or in auy way that I might suggest, to bring about a settle- ment of the present differences between our respec- tive nations. I said that when two nations at war wanted to come to a friendly understanding, the first thing to be done was for one or the other to make overtures for peace; negotiations, either by writing or conference, would follow, and if these were carried out to the satisfaction of both parties peace would ensue. The difficulty in the present case was, that the Chinese had made pri- soners of the very persons — although essentially non-combatants — who were required to conduct these conferences. Here I gave them a recital of my own story, but after hearing this they simply came back to their first proposal that I should suggest some mode of arrangement, and said they would shortly repeat their visit to hear what had occurred to me. They would give me no infor- mation as to the occurrences of the last five days. Shortly after they had gone, the head jailor asked me if I knew a Mandarin named Hang-ki. He would like to see you, he said, but cannot come into the prison on account of the stench, and I do not see how you can be allowed to go out to him. I told the jailor to act as he pleased, and a few minutes afterwards Hang-ki entered. I have by me the following note of our conversa- tion, which I succeeded in making shortly after he had left me : — Note. — Hang-ki assumes a look of pity for my condition, though apparently without thinking that it is undeserved. He asks how matters are to be arranged, and I inquire for news. Skirmishes, he says, occasionally occur between San-ko-lin-sin and our troops, who have not yet passed Chang- kea-wan. The Prince of I and Muh-yin have been recalled to Pekin, and the Prince of Kung, a younger brother of the Emperor — a very able and amiable man — appointed in their place. Perhaps Kweiliang will be his colleague. How can nego- tiations be set on foot ? 1 say that they have increased their difficulties by their wrongful treatment of me and my party, by their violation of a flag of truce, and the rights of an envoy, and I also complain of the deceit practised in my case. Hang-ki at first professes surprise at hostilities of the 1 8th. Had he known that these were going to occur, he would not have gone to see Lord Elgin. Came back because he thought Lord Elgin would not see him, and because he found Lord Elgin a long- way off (Correcting himself) — Came back because the Baron de Meritens had told him that it was useless trying to see Lord Elgin before I had returned. The Prince of I had told him that I had been taken prisoner because it was war and not peace, and because I had admitted to him — Hang-ki — on the evening of the 17th of September, that we knew of the arrest several days previously, by our military, of the Prefect of Tien-tsin. I reminded Hang-ki of all the business we had transacted together the same evening, as showing that the Prince of I had quite given me to believe that he considered hostilities at an end. Certain officers had been appointed to settle with me the position to be taken up by our force ;, other officers had been appointed to furnish supplies ; a procla- mation making known the cessation of hostilities had been agreed to, and was being printed under his (Hang-ki's) superintendence ; and yet the Chinese attack our troops the next morning when proceeding to take up the ground agreed on, and seize me when, engaged in the transaction of the above business. Either the Prince of I had grossly deceived me or Sang-ko- lin-sin had acted independently of the Prince. In a word, the Prince had either played false, or he had no powers over his own people. How could business be transacted with such Commissioners ? Hang-ki evades explanations, and suggests that I should write a letter, but to whom, or to what purpose, he does not seem to know. They want a letter, he says, that will bring about a settlement of affairs. I tell him that such a letter should come from them. He still presses me to write, but I decline to do so, as apart from the vagueness of the requisition, I can see that he has some con- 5284 The LONDON GAZETTE EXTRAORDINARY, December 28, 1860. cealed object in view. He leaves me and says he will shortly pay me another visit. r > The 23rd and 24th passed without my seeing Hang-ki, and as an interview with any officer was a relief to the monotony of my imprisonment, anJ afforded me a chance of gaining some information, I requested the jailor, on the 25th, to inform Hang-ki that I should be glad of another visit from him. The jailor returned and told me that the message could not be forwarded unless I wrote the usual red card in my own handwriting. I complied on being furnished with writing materials, and 1 find that the card I then sent is the one forwarded to your Lordship in Prince Kung's despatch of the 27th September in proof of my being well in health and comfortably put up ! On the 26th Hang-ki came to the prison, and I quote from a note made at the time the following summary of our conversa- tion : — At about 2 p.m., 26th September, received a visit from Hang-ki, attended by two Prison Inspectors, Gah and Choo Laou-yays. I first spoke about beinn put in the same prison with Loch ; a small request, and easily granted if they wished to show us any humanity. Hang-ki followed with a long speech. Grand Councils had been held, he said, on the subject of foreign relations. It was considered that the hosti- lities- of the Allies are very different on this to all previous occasions, as by advancing on Pekin they are attacking the Emperor him=.elf, and not, as heretofore, the Emperor's Viceroys. The Emperor is therefore on his defence, and must fight for his Throne and Dynasty. He has therefore determined to retire to the Hunting Palace at Jehol, in Tartary, and to call in the aid of the forty-eight Mongol Princes, each of whom can furnish, probably, 20,000 men. But, supposing that all is lost — that is, Pekin taken— and the Imperial forces retreat, fighting, beyond the frontier, the dismemberment of the Empire will follow, and all trade will be at an end. Is this the course that must be adopted or not? The majority of Princes and Ministers are for it. The Prince of Ching, Prince of I, Sang-ko-lin-sin, and others, say that peace cannot be made with the Allies, because they always make negotiations an opportunity for putting in fresh demands ; also that commercial relations are far more costly than profit- able to China, for, although some 4,000,000 of taels are received from foreigners annually as duties, the claims for indemnities — first, 21,000,000 dollars in 1842, then 6,000,000 taels in 1858, and now 10,000,000 taels more — almost equal the amount that has reached the Imperial Treasury from the same source during the above period. The person- ages just named, together with a large majority of their advisers, urge war. The Prince of Kung — the brother of the Emperor — who has now the direction of the foreign question, would be glad to see some other course, but, unless I point one out, no alternative presents itself. If I will not do this, and affairs continue to go wrong, I shall make myself a mark for the public fury, which cannot be restrained at a moment of extremity. I reply that the conclusion of peace is a very simple matter, and might be managed at any mo- ment. All that is necessary is, that both parties should sincerely wish for it. There can be no doubt as to the desire of Great Britain to be at peace with China. What has Lord Elgin come all this great distance for, but to make peace ? But any peace that we conclude must secure to us our rights and national honour. The refusal of China to admit the principle of equality in her relations with foreign countries is the source of all the foreign troubles that have come upon her. Had it not been for those unreasonable pretensions, to which foreign Powers will no longer submit, she would not have seen foreign armies within her borders, and would have saved the large sums paid as indemnities. I cannot understand the singular distinction which he draws between former wars and the present one, or why the Emperor should still persist in fighting. But if Pekin be taken, and His Majesty should fly, I do not see how he is to take the population of the eighteen provinces of China with him, and it is population that makes trade. But to the question of peace, why do they not make peace — or why do they break it as fus.t as they make it ? Can it be that they really have no sincere wish for pesce ? At Tung- chow the other day they made peace on one day, and then fought us the next. They cer- tainly cannot say that the English had any share in causing war to break out again on the 18th of Sep- tember, or I should not have been in their hands. Is this double dealing the result of bad faith or of divisions in their Councils and Government ? I again go into the story of the 1 8th, but Hang-ti, whose manner on this occasion is abrupt and un- friendly, stops me by saying that it is useless to refer again to that affair. The question is what can now be done ? Have I, or have I not, anything to suggest ? I point out that being in ignorance of all tint has occurred since the 18th, I am not the best per- son to apply to for suggestions. Hang-ki is care- ful not to supply information, but admi-s that a correspondence is going on between the Prince of Kung and Lord Elgin. He seems to say that nothing conclusive is yet arrived at or immediately expected. 1 again observe that differences can only be settled by negotiation, and negotiation to be effectual should not bo confined to correspondence, but should bo conducted by conferences, either be- tween the Plenipotentiaries themselves or their deputies. But after what has occurred to you, Hang-ki said, your deputy, Mr. Wade, will not come to see us. You certainty cannot expect, I said, that any one of our officers should again place him- self in your power, and it is for you, who have violated a flag of truce, to come forward now and send deputies to our side. But will you guarantee their safety ? he asked. Yes, I replied, if you send Mr. Loch and myself with them. Hang-ki an- swered this remark with a smile of derision. That will not do, he said ; we want you to guarantee that your people will make peace without any more fight- ing. You have a better guarantee for peace, I said, in your own sincerity than any that I can give. If j'ou really wish for peace, you have only to send out your deputies to open negotiations, and convince the Ambassadors by your proceedings that you regret all past acts of bad faith. It is of no use, said Hang-ki, for me to return to the Prince of Kung with a set speech of this kind. Business presses, and I doubt whether I shall be able to see you again. Have you nothing else to say ? Do you still refuse to suggest a plan ? Here the Prison Inspector, Gan-Laou-yav, interposed the remark that I ought to write a letter. Yes, said Hang-ki, write to your Ambassador or to Mr. Wade, engaging that the mandarin who takes the letter shall be well treated, and that there shall be a cessation of hostilities. I replied that it was quite out of my power to say anything about the discontinuance of hostilities, and that were I to make such a proposal it would be wholly useless, as it woufctMtave no effect upon the proceedings of the English Ambassador. I have suggested a plan, I a.lded, namely, that you should send out your Deputies, and return Mr. Loch and myself with thenay in which case we would be answerable for their safety, and they could make any representations or overtures that you might desire. I cannot undertake to do more. As to your menace, I know that I am in danger as long The LONDON GAZETTE EXTRAORDINARY, December 28, 1860. 5285 as I am in your hands, because it is no uncommon thing for the Chinese to deal cruelly with their prisoners, or even to take their lives. But while I should prepare for the worst, I know also that my fate will be determined, not by your will, but by that of God. On the other hand, it is for you to bear in mind that, although you would do the allied force but little injury by killing the few prisoners who have fallen into your hands, you would by such an act bring down upon yourselves a terrible vengeance. I also reminded Hang ki of the different treatment which he received when detained as a prisoner by the allies at Canton in 1858 : and I again begged that, in view of whatever might happen to us, Mr. Loch and myself might at least have the satisfaction of being put into the same prison. Hang-ki replied that his imprisonment and mine were not parallel cases, that he could not say whether Mr. Loch and myself could be allowed to be together, and that lie felt lie was returning to the Prince of Kung without having anything to tell him. You will be in no danger, however, he added, during the next two or three days. Two days afterwards, the 28th of September, Hang-ki again appeared, being accompanied on this occasion by a mandarin named Sung, whom he intro- duced as an officer attached to the Prince of Kung. The Prince, Hang-ki said, had heard of the private visits which he had paid me on the 22nd and 26th. and had sent for him in order that he might hoar Hang-ki's own account of all that had passed between us. The Prince wholly disapproved of tl c manner in which I was treated, and attributing this injustice to Sang-ko-lin-sin and the Prince of I, declared his intention of following a very different policy to that of the latter. Having now the direc- tion of foreign affairs, said the Prince, I shall take my own course, however open it may be to attack, and however people may say that I am encouraging the extravagant pretensions of foreigners by treating them well. I shall adhere strictly to courtesy and justice in my treatment of foreigners, and it they do not meet me in the same way they place them- selves in the wrong, while whatever may happen I shall, at least, have the consciousness of having acted rightly. Therefore go to Mr. Parkes and tell him that he shall be removed to good quarters, and that he shall not have to complain of his treat- ment now that he is in my hands. Let there be no delav, no not even to write orders, but take the officer Sung with you in proof that you are acting by my direction. Hang-ki followed up this speech with a longer one of his own, the tenour of which was that I should mark my appreciation of the Prince's goodness by persuading the Allies to observe the same high principles as those which actuated the Prince. I replied, that I had no difficulty in as-uring the Prince that justice and courtesy would c intiiuie to mark, as hitherto, the action of my own nation. It was the absence of those principles on the part of Chinese officials, as shown in their discourteous and unjust treatment of foreign Governments, by refusing to hold intercourse with them on terms of equality, that had been the cause of the present troubles. With justice and courtesy on the side of the Chinese, I had no doubt that an accommoda- tion could be arrived at. " Listen ! " said Hang-ki to the three mandarins who were with him, "he declares that his nation will act according to justice. Take off his chains ! " This having been done, Hang-ki again resumed the conversation. He told me that affairs remained in a doubtful state ; that correspondence bctwe< n tlie Prince of Kung and Lord Elgin continued ; but that it was still impossible to sav whether the No. 22465. C result would be war or peace. He thought, however, that in the course of the negotiations an opportu- nity would be afforded mo of rendering the Prince some assistance in return for his kindness to me. I thanked the Prince for his good intentions, but pointed out that, so long as I remained a prisoner, I could be of very little use in promoting the settle- ment of differences ; and I begged, therefore, that he would form no high expectations of my assist- ance, as, in the event of matteis going contrary to their wishes, they might visit their dissatisfaction upon me. Hang-ki assured me that I need not. apprehend danger in my own case, except in the event, of a great emergency — say the assault of tlie city, when the foreigners would be killing Chinese, and it was only natural that the latter should take revenge. This led me to remark upon the more humane practices of Western nations in regard to their treatment of non combatants, and those protected by a flag of truce, &c. ; but Hang-ki met my observations by stating, that the customs of all nations could not be expected to be the same on these points. Hang-ki having told me that I should probably 'k> taken out of prison to-morrow, I stated that I Imped Mr. Loch would have the benefit of this arrangement, as, if not, I could not avail myself of it. We had been sent away together under the same flag of truce : had been seized and imprisoned together ; and it would not now do to take one of us out of prison and leave the other in. Hang-ki replied, that I was raising a difficu'ty wh'ch he could not meet without further iu&truc- tio is from the Prince of Kung. He then took leave of me, but returned in a qu trier of an hour to say that he did not see how lie could bring up the subject of the removal of Mr. Loch to the Prince, unless I gave him a note stating that the latter had been exceedingly kind to me, and was also very able and intelligei.t. I said that it was quite impossible for me to express any opinion as to the Prince's character and attain- ments, as I had never seen the Prince, nor had I ever heard anything of his Highness besides what Hang-ki himself had. told me. Neither could I conscientiously declare that he had treated me with extraordinary kindness, seeing that I was still detained in the common prison into which I had been at firs!, thrown, and that I had only that moment been released from my chains, although this privi- lege was enjoyed by nine-tenths of the felons who were my companions. It was not favour, but justice, that I sought at the hands of the Prince. To be detained as a prisoner at all was in itself an injustice, but if so detained, I ought not to be treated as a criminal and an offender against Chinese law, but as an officer and a prisoner of war. I was certain, 1 added, that the justice and courtesy of the Prince, of which Hang-ki had said so much, would induce him to relieve Mr. Loch and myself from our present ignominious position, if the matter were properly represented to him. Hang-ki urged that if 1 furnished him with a paper to the effect requested, he could do more than if he went to the Prince empty-handed. Not willing to lose the advantage which this demand gave me, I again replied that I could write nothing of the kind as long as I remained in piison, and that I would not leave the prison unless I was accompanied by Mr. Loch; but that as soon as vvj were taken out of prison, and were treated properly, I should be ready to note the fact in writing, an also to state, if he wished it, that I had been that the Prince was an able and intelligent m; Hang-ki then left me, and returned in $fe| neon of the following day (September 2y>Q\it order for the removal of Mr. Loch amp) 5286 The LONDON GAZETTE EXTRAORDINARY, December 28; 1880. from the prison of the Board of Punishments to a temple where quarters had been prepared for us. I need not here dwell upon the satisfaction we both felt as we met each other again in one of the outer courts of the Board. Having been put into separate vehicles we were conveyed, in the charge of Plang-ki and a strong escort, to the temple spoken of. Here we were placed in a room about 20 feet by 10, which was entered by another room of the same dimensions, in which eight of the jailor? of the Board were stationed. These rooms looked into an open court about 40 feet square, in which we were allowed to take exercise ; but a strong party of soldiers guarded the outer entrance into this court, and we soon became aware that military were put up, in and about all parts of the building. ' Hang-ki explained the presence of the jailors, by saying that they had been brought here to act as our servants. With a degree of con- sideration for our comfort, not usually shown by Mandarins, he had supplied us not only with such essentials as good food, beds, &c, but also with the luxuries of writing materials, soap and towels, &c. He left it to ourselves to order our meals whenever we chose, and these, I may mention, were abundant and good during the time of our stay in the Kaow- meaou temple. As soon as he had seen us located in our new quarters I gave him, according to my promise, the following note : — " The Chinese authorities are now treating Mr. Loch and myself well, and we are informed that this is done by direction of the Prince of Kung. We are also told by them that his Highness is a man of decision and great intelligence, and I trust that, under these circumstances, hostilities may be temporarily suspended to give opportunity for nego- tiation." September 30. — One of Hang-ki's head servants delivered, in the name of the Prince of Kuiig, a large present of fruit and confectionary. Hang-ki followed himself at 2 p.m., and talked at consider- able length without having any apparent object. Ho maintained that the invasion of a country and a march upon the capital was altogether contrary to justice and reason, and that was what we were now doing. I held that the justice or injustice of invasion depended upon circumstances ; if one Power were wronged by another Power and could not obtain redress by fair means, force was the only resource left. We knew from diistory that China had been invaded about two hundred years ago by the Manchoo Tartars, who, when once they had taken possession of the country, never quitted it, but founded the present dynasty, and yet I presumed that he, as a Manehoo, was quite prepared to defend that course. lie then argued that if we captured Peking, we should have to contend against the Viceroys of all the provinces, who would, of course, march upon us. I said I thought not, as many of these Viceroys were already unable to hold their own against rebels and banditti. Instead, however, of wasting time in arguing upon the degree of mischief that would ensue upon the capture of Peking, I advised Hang- ki to avoid that contingency altogether, by effecting a timely settlement of affairs, instead of continuing to indulge in delays which, under present circum- stances, must prove particularly dangerous. Hang-ki went over a good deal of old grouud, and defended hesitation on. their part, on the ground that we put difficulties in their way which they could not get o\er. Among these he enumerated bringing. up a large escort to Peking; the demand for indemnities; the presentation of the Queen's letter, &o. As Hang-ki insisted in keeping me in the dark as to the movements both of the Ambassadors and the Allied forces, I could not give a more practical form to my suggestions. I had gathered frcftn a conversation with one of Hang-ki's servants, pre- vious to the arrival of his master, that our army had advanced to and continued to halt at Fa-le- cheaou, and when I assumed this as the fact, Hang- ki's equivocations, convinced me ot its truth. I advised him therefore not to lose what appeared to me their last chance of negotiation, as one more march would bring our army under the walls of Peking. Hang-ki having again put forward the old plea that their fears for the safety of then- deputies prevented the despatch of these officers to our camp, Mr. Loch volunteered to escort them out and to return with them again. Hang-ki said he would submit this proposal to the Prince of Kiing. October 1. — Hang-ki called at 11 a.m., and was accompanied by Lau, formerly Taoutai at Shang- hai and a high literary mandarin. Lau had been sent by the Prince of I to Ho-se-woo with de- spatches for the Ambassadors at the same time that Mr. Wade and myself had visited the Prince at Tung-chow. In a half serious tone I compared the different treatment in the two cases. On the 16th September I had carefully escorted Lau past our lines, and on the 18th I had been seized and bru- tally treated by the Chinese in theirs. Hanver the city wall, and had gone as they supposed in quest of Prince Kung. It was impossible to tell when he would return. We anxiously looked for the next morning, and felt some relief when no cannonade was heard ■is daylight broke. By sending to Hangki's house, we learned that he had returned home at 3 a.m., and would be with us shortly. lie came at nine, and the glimpse obtained of his countenance, before he had put on the look he wit-hed to assume, shewed considerable dejection and anxiety. He explained to us why lie had not returned yester- day. I left you full of concern he said, as I knew that the city and your lives were both in danger. Had the city been assaulted, the first cry raised by the soldiers would have been " Away with the foreign prisoners." When I enquired for Prince Kung, I found that he was too far off for me to hope to reach him. I therefore despatched a note proposing that you should be given up at Once, on condition that the foreign troops should retire from Yuen -Ming- Yuen, which they had begun to plunder. At the same time I received an invitation from Mr. Wade, to meet him outside the Tihshing-gate at four o'clock in the afternoon. I went, and we had a long discussion. He demanded not only the immediate surrender of the prisoners, but also one of thj city gates, and he handed me this letter, in which you see lie states the same in writing. It is quite impossible to comply with such a demand, and what therefore can be done under such circumstances ? I read the note which ran in the names of the Allied Commanders-in-Chief demanding the libe- ration of all the prisoners who had been seized, and the delivery into their hands of one of the gates of the city, as a precaution against further acts of perfidy on the part of the Chinese. I could only tell Hangki that this step was ren- dered necessary by their previous acts of bad faith, and that the Allies could no longer put any trust in them. It was useless to hope that tho Allied Generals would alter their determination when they had once taken it, nor did I see any course open to the Chinese except compliance. At this moment the prospect before us seemed darker than ever, but Hangki after some hesitation relieved us from our suspense by remarking that he had agroed with Mr. Wade that we should be given up to-day as already promised, and that we should be sent out at four o'clock in the afternoon. Unable to rely upon the assurance of any Mandarin, we anxiously awaited the hour named, and could see that considerable uneasi- ness was evinced by Hangki, who visited us several times in the course of the morning. At one time he whispered to me, " I am particularly anxious to get you away for reasons that I will tell you of at a future time, and I will not wait for the hour named to send you off." He was now willing to give us some information respect- ing the other prisoners. Upwards of twenty had been taken, he said, but with a view to their safe custody, they had been divided into small parties and sent away to different district cities The LONDON GAZETTE EXTRAORDINARY, December 28, 1860. 5289 in the interior. It would take some days to get them all back, and he had heard that four ov five of them had sickened and died. Those in Pekin numbered eight in all, inclusive of Mr. Loch and myself; and we were all to be sent out together. At last, at two o'clock, he told us that all tin- prisoners had been assembled, and that we could take our departure. We were placed in covered carts, without being allowed to sec each other. and were escorted by a largo party of soldiers and Mandarins through streets which wore a deserted appearance to the Se-che, or north-western gate of the city. We soon saw, with thankful hearts, as those great portals opened, and then imme- diately closed behind us, that we were already free men, for our guard, not daring to follow us out of the city, had left to ourselves the pleasant task of finding our own way to the Allied Camp. I must not close this report without endeavour- ing to express 1113- gratitude to your Lordship for the firm and uncompromising manner in which you insisted, from the first, upon our surrender, and which, under the blessing of Divine Provi- dence, has mainly contributed to our liberation Nor should I omit to acknowledge the great deb! I also owe to my fellow-prisoner, Mr. Loch, for the warm support I invariably received from him whenever a moment of trial or of danger presented itself. I have, &c, HARRY S. PARKES. Inclosure 1. Mr. Put he* to his Excellency the Earl of Eight and Kincardine, K.T., G.C.B., $c. s 's,c. Pekin, October 1, 1860. THE Chinese Authorities have requesled the Undersigned to state to your Lordship, that it is the wish of their Government to open negotiations with the Allies ; and that looking to what has passed, and the distrust which it is feared exists now on both sides, they desire that som-.; neutral spot between the positions at present held by the respective armies, may be selected for this pur- pose, where deputies on the part of the Chinese and the Allies may meet, and arrange, it is hoped, the preliminaries of a permanent peace. They consider that while these negotiations between the deputies are being carried on, and in order to afford the necessary facilities for these negoti- ations, hostilities should be entirely suspended on both sides. (Signed) HARRY S. PARKES. Inclosure No. 2. Mr. Wade to Mr. Parhes. Mr Dear Parkes, October 4, 1860. WE received tips morning letters from Loch and yourself. Lord Elgin has read your note stating that the Chinese authorities are willing to send a deputy to meet one from us at some neutral spot, to arrange the preliminaries of peace. Lord Elgin has proposed this over and over again, but he has also insisted upon your being given up at the same time, as the deputy comes forward. He iplly comments your efforts to bring about an arrangement, and he is greatly Btruck by your magnanimity in making no allusion to your own release. He is, however, quite clear on this point, you and others have been seized under a flag of truce. This was not only a violence done to you, but an offence to our national honour, and it is impossible for him to commence negotiations with any Chinese officer, so long as you are detained by the Chinese Government. No Chinese deputy, therefore, will do any good, unless, when he comes, he brings you all with him. On the other hand, if the Chinese Govern- ment continues to detain you, hostilities will certainly continue ; and if, in the course of hos- tilities, any damage befal any of you, Pekiu will be destroyed. Our heavy guns are up, and we can burn Pekin from one end to the other with- out the loss of a man. If Pekin falls, of course there is an end of this dynasty. The news from the south is bad. The rebels have occupied all the country from Soochow to Hangchovv, and if they attack Hangchow they are certain to take it. Ever yours, &c, (Signed) T. WADE. French Head Quarters, near North Gate, Pekin, My Lord, October 26, 1860. I HAVE the honour to inform your Lordship that on the 10th instant a letter was sent to the authorities in Pekin, by the two Commanders-in- chief, in which they demanded that the North Gate, opposite to where the- French army is en- camped, should be given up to be occupied by a force of 200 French and English soldiers. In the event of refusal the walls to be breached, and the city entered by force. Whereas, if the authorities agreed to the demand, the troops would be pre- vented from entering the city, and no pillaging would be allowed. . Up to 12 o'clock p.m. on Saturday, the 13th instant was given for reply. The Commander-in-chief immediately ordered batteries to be erected and armed, within a short distance of the city walls, in case of refusal. On Friday evening an answer was received from the city authorities, in which they agreed to give up the gate in question, but it does not appear that the Chinese Government had anything to say in the matter. Arrangements having been made early on Saturday, the 13th instant, a force of 200 French and English took peaceable posses- sion of the gate at 12 p.m. on that day. In the meantime, intelligence of the death of several of the prisoners arrived, some of them having died, I grieve to say, under the savage ill- treatment they had experienced. The bodies of Mr. de Norman, Lieut. Anderson, Mr. Bowlby (correspondent of the Times} one English soldier, and 12 Sikhs have been pent in, alao those of Colonel Grandchamp, M. Ader, In- tendent Dubut, and 3 French soldiers. All are now accounted for, 13 Sikhs having returned alive, excepting Captain Brabazon, R. A., AbbS Djluc, and a French soldier, but there is every reason to suppose they were murdered after the failure' of the treacherous affair of the lSth of September. The interment of the English bodies received took place in the Russian cemetery, outside of the north wall, on the morning of the 17th of Octo- 5290 The LONDON GAZETTE EXTRAORDINARY, December 28, 1860. ber, nearly all the officers of the French army off duty attending. It is General de Montauban's intention to have the bodies of the French officers and soldiers in- terred, within the. precincts of the French Catholic chapel inside the pity walls. On the 15th instant the Commanders-in-chief met, and agreed that they could not stop in the neighbourhood of Pekin after the 1st of Novem- ber. On the 16th instant, Sir Hope Grant sent an English force to Yuen-Ming- Yuen, and burnt all the numerous buildings in the place. On the 17th instant letters were sent by the English and French Plenipotentiaries respectively to Prince Kung, the Imperial Commissioner, in which they demanded that the Treaty should be immediately agreed to, and further that 300,000 taels should be paid to the English, and 200,000 taels to the French, these sums to be devoted as a sort of indemnity to the families of the deceased prisoners for the loss occasioned by their deaths, fnd to the survivors for the sufferings they had endured; also that an acceptance of these demands should be sent by 10 o'clock on the morning of the 20th instant, otherwise the city- should be entered by the two forces, and the Imperial palace of Pekin be burnt to the ground. Prince Kung sent a letter -respectively to the Plenipotentiaries, early on the morning of the 20th instant, to say that he accepted unconditionally all the terms, and that the money for the indemnity for the indignities offered to, and murder of, the prisoners, was ready to be paid. This money was delivered over to the English and French on the 22nd instant. On the morning of the 24th instant, his Excel- lency, Baron Gros, proceeded, with an escort of 500 men, to take up his residence in the city of Pekin. At two o'clock p.m. on the same day, hie Excel- lency the Earl of Elgin entered the city in State, and, having met Prince Kung, in a yamun, fitted up for the occasion, the English Treaty was signed. At eleven o'clock a.m. on the 25th instant, his Excellency, Baron Gros, entered Pekin in- State, and after the same formalities had been observed as on the 24th, the French Treaty was signed. Nothing which needs remark took place at the latter ceremony. Prince Kung, I am informed by persons present on both occasions, appeared rather more at ease, or perhaps less alarmed than he did onthe previous day. The Weather has changed very much during the last fprtnight, the mornings and evenings being exceisiyely cold, the thermometer showing occa- sionally as low as freezing point. The health of the troops still eeatinues wonder* fully good, It is General de Moataub&u's present inteatiea, should nothing oeeu? to preveat aim, to leave Peking about the ead ef the apath, aad ^oeeed to Tientsin, where be will remain sufficient time to arrange the ioeatlen Q f appQ mm, m&w (Weral °SH52t| *fcw take' Ms, a>parture for Ihaaghftg, wMflh plage hj intends to iaake Ms liead-qunrters, with the rest of Ws forge, excepting the |et^h= meats at piiumn aneiug apprised of the fact, shall immediately adopt aensures for its relief and security; the persons m board shall receive; friendly treatment., and shall >e furnished, if necessary, with the means of con- veyance to the nearest Consular station. ARTICLE XXI. If criminals, subjects of China, shall take refuge i t Hong-Kong, or on board the British ships here, tiny shall, upon due requisition by the !liincse authorities, be searched lor, and, on proof ■ f their guilt, be delivered up. In like ma tier, if Chinese offenders take refuge i the houses or on board the vessels of British iibjccts, jit the open ports, they shall not be har- oured or concealed, but shall be delivered up, ou uc requisition by the Chinese authorities, ad- resscd to the British Cunsul. ARTICLE XXII. Should any Chinese subject tail to di -charge debts incurred to a British subje t, or shoul 1 lie raudulently ahscon 1, the Chinese authorities will o their utmost to effect his .arrest, and enforce ccovery flf the debts. The British authorities will likewise do their utmost to bring to justice any . ii'itish subject fraudulently absconding, or failing to discharge debts, incurred by him to a Chinese subject. ARTICLE XXIII. Should natives of China who may repair to ! long-Kong to trad i incur debts there, the recovery if such debts mtst be arranged for by the English Courts of Justice on the spot ; but should the Chinese debtor abscond, and be known to have property, real or personal, within the Chinese territory, it shall be the duty of the Chinese autho- rities, on application by, and in concert with, the British Consul, to do their utmost to see justice .lone between the parties. ARTICLE XXIV. It is agreed that British subjects shall pay, on all merchandize imported or exported by tliem, the duties prescribed by the Tariff; but.in no case "hall they be called upon to pay other or higher duties than arc required of the subjects of any i.ther foreign nation. ARTICLE XXV. Import duties shall be considered payable on the landing of the goods, and duties of export on the shipment of the same. ARTICLE XXVI. Whereas the Tariff fixed by Article X of the Treaty of Nanking, and which was estimated so as to impose on imports and exports a duty at about the rate of five per cent, ad valorem, has been found, by reason of the fall in value of various articles of merchandize, therein enumerated, to impose a duty ■ipon these, considerably in excess of the rate .riginally assumed as above to be a fair rate, it is agreed that the said Tariff shall be revised, and that as soon as the Treaty shall have been signed, implication shall be made to the Emperor of China to depute a high officer of the Board of Revenue io meet, 'at Shanghai, officers to be deputed on behalf of the British Government, to consider its revision together, so that the Tariff, as revised, nay come into operation immediately after the ratification of this Treaty. The LONDON GAZETTE EXTRAORDINARY, December 28, 1860. 5293 ARTICLE XXVII. It is agreed that either of the High Contracting Parties to this Treaty may demand a further re- vision of the Tariff, and of the commercial Articles of this Treaty, at the end of ten years ; but if no demand be made on either side within six months after the end of the first ten years, then the Tariff shall remain in force for ten years more, reckoned from the end of the preceding ten years ; and so it shall be at the end of each successive period of ten years. ARTICLE XXVIII. Whereas it was agreed in Article X of the Treaty of Nanking, that British imports, having- paid the tariff duties, should be conveyed into the interior free of all further charges, except a transit duty, the amount whereof was not to exceed a certain percentage on tariff value ; and whereas no accurate information having been furnished of the amount of such duty, British merchants have constantly complained that charges are suddenly and arbitrarily imposed by the provincial autho- rities as transit duties upon produce on its way to the foreign market, and on imports on their way into the interior, to the detriment of trade ; it if agreed, that within four months from the signing of this Treaty, at all ports now open to British trade, and within a similar period at all ports that may hereafter be opened, the authority appointor 1 to superintend the collection of duties shall b< obliged, upon application of the Consul, to declan the amount of duties levyable on produce betweei the place of production and the port of shipment and upon imports between the Consular port ii question and the inland markets named by the Consul ; and that a notification thereof shall b> published in English and Chinese for genera 1 information. But it shall be at the option of any British subject, desiring to convey produce purchased inland to a port, or to convey imports from a poll to an inland market, to clear his goods of all transit duties, by payment of a single charge. Th< amount of this charge shall be levyable on export at the first barrier they may have to pass, or, oi imports, at the port at which they are landed : and on payment thereof, a certificate shall b< issued, which shall exempt the goods from al 1 further inland charges whatsoever. It is further agreed, that the amount of this charge shall be calculated, as nearly as possible, a: the rate of two and a-half per cent, ad valorem' and that it shall be fixed for each article at tin Conference to be held at Shanghai for the revision of the Tariff. It is distinctly understood, that the payment o' transit dues, by commutation or otherwise, shall i' no way affect the tariff duties on imports or ex- ports, which will continue to be levied separately and in full. ARTICLE XXIX. British merchant-vessels, of more than one hundred and fifty tons burden, shall be charged tonnage dues at the rate of four mace per ton ; i of one hundred and fifty tons and under, they shall be charged at the rate of one mace per ton. Any vessel clearing from any of the open ports of China for any other of the open ports, or for Hong-Kong, shall be entitled, on application of the master, to a special certificate from the C'jstoms, on exhibition of which she shall be exempted from all further payment of tonnage -dues in any open port of China, for a period of four months, to be reckoned from the date of her port clearance. No. 2246,1. P ARTICLE XXX. The Master of any British merchant -vessel may, within forty-eight hours after the arrival of his vessel, but not later, decide to depart without breaking bulk, in which case he will not be subject to pay tonnage-dues. But tonnage-dues shall be held due after the expiration of the said forty-eight hours. No other fees or charges upon entry or departure shall be levied. ARTICLE XXXI. No tonnage-dues shall be payable on boats employed by British subjects in the conveyance of passengers, baggage, letters, articles of provision, or other articles not subject to duty, between any of the open ports. All cargo boats, however, con- veying merchandize subject to duty shall pay tounage-dues once iu six months, at the rate of four mace per register ton. ARTICLE XXXII. The Consuls and Superintendents of Customs shall consult together regarding the erection of beacons or lighthouses, and the distribution of buoys and light-ships, as occasion may demand. ARTICLE XXXIII. Duties shall be paid to the bankers, authorized by the Chinese Government to receive the same in its behalf, either in sycee or in foreign money, according to the assay made at Canton on the thirteenth of July, one thousand eight hundred and forty-three. ARTICLE XXXIV. Sets of standard weights and measures, prepared according to the standard issued to the Canton Custom-house by the Board of Revenue, shall be delivered by the Superintendent of Customs to the Consul at each port, to secure uniformity and prevent confusion. ARTICLE XXXV. Any British merchant-vessel arriving at one of the open ports, shall be at liberty to engage the services of a pilot to take her into port. In like manner, after she has discharged all legal dues and duties, and is ready to take her departure, she shall be allowed to select a pilot, to conduct her out of port. ARTICLE XXXVI. Whenever a British merchant- vessel shall arrive off one of the open ports, the Superintendent of Customs shall depute one or more Customs officers to guard the ship. They shall either live in a boat of their own, or stay on board the ship, as may best suit their convenience. Their food and expenses shall be supplied them from the Custom- house, and they shall not be entitled to any fees whatever from the master or consignee. Should they violate this regulation, they shall be punished proportionately to the amount exacted. ARTICLE XXXVII. Within twenty four hours after arrival, the ship's papers, bills of hiding, &c, shall be lodged in the hands of the Consul, who will, within a further period of twenty-four hours, report to the Super intcudent of Customs the name of the ship, »•<" register tonnage, and the nature of her cargo. 5294 The LONDON GAZETTE EXTRAORDINARY, December 28, I860. owing to neglect on the part of the master,the above rule is not complied with, within forty-eight hours after the ship's arrival, he shall be liable to a fine of fifty taels for every day's delay : the total amount of penalty, however, shall not exceed two hundred taels. The master will be responsible for the correct- ness of the manifest, which shall contain a full and true account of the particulars of the cargo on board. For presenting a false manifest, !:c will subject himself to a fine of five hundred taels ; but he will be allowed to correct, within twenty-four hours after delivery of it to the Customs officers, any mistake he may discover in his manifest, without incurring this penalty. ARTICLE XXXVIII. After receiving from the Consul the report in due form, the Superintendent of Customs shall grant the vessel a permit to open hatches. _ If the master shall open hatches and begin to discharge any goods without such permission, he shall be fined five hundred taels, and the goods discharged shall be confiscated wholly. ARTICLE XXXIX. Any British merchant who has cargo to land or ship, must apply to the Superintendent of Customs for a special permit. Cargo landed or shipped without such permit, will be liable to confisca- tion. ARTICLE XL. No transshipment from one vessel to another can be made without special permission, under pain of confiscation of the goods so transshipped. ARTICLE XLI. When all dues and duties shall have been paid, the Superintendent of Customs shall give a port- clearance, and the Consul shall then return the ship's papers, so that she may depart on her voyage. ARTICLE XLII. With respect to articles subject, according to the Tariff, to an ad valorem duty, if the British merchant cannot agree with the Chinese officer in fixing a value, then each party shall call two or three merchants to look at the goods, and the highest price at which any of these merchants would be willing to purchase them, shall be assumed as the value of the goods. jhe attended to. While such points are still un- settled, the Superintendent of Customs shall post- pone the insertion of the same in his books. ARTICLE XLIV. Upon all damaged goods a fair reduction of duty shall be allowed, proportionate to their deteriora- t ion. If any disputes arise, they shall be settled in the manner pointed out in the clause of this Treaty having reference to articles which pay duty ad valorem. ARTICLE XLV. British merchants who may have imported mer- chandize into any of the open ports and paid the duty thereon, if they desire to re-export the same, shail be entitled to make application to the Super-: intendent of Customs, who, in order to prevent fraud on the revenue, shall cause examination to be made by suitable officers, to see that the duties paid on such goods, as entered in the Custom- house books, correspond with the representation made, and that the goods remain with their ori- ginal marks unchanged. He shall then make a memorandum on the port-clearance of the goods .ind of the amount of duties paid, and deliver the same to the merchant ; and shall also certify the ''acts to the officers of Customs of the other ports. All which being done, on the arrival in port of the vessel in which the goods are laden, everything being found on examination there to correspond, she shall be permitted to break bulk, and land the laid goods, without being subject to the payment if any additional duty thereon. But if, on such "xamination, the Superintendent of Customs shall letect any fraud on the revenue in the case, then the goo.ls shall be subject to confiscation by the Chinese Government. British merchants desiring to re-export duty- >aid imports to a foreign country, shall be entitled, >n complying with the same conditions as in the rase of re-exportation to another port in China, to i drawback-certificate which shall be a valid tender m> the Customs in payment of import or export luties. Foreign grain brought into any port of China in i British ship, if no part thereof has been landed, my be re-exported without hindrance. ARTICLE XLVI. The Chinese authorities at each port shall adopt the means they may judge most proper to prevent the revenue suffering from fraud or smuggling. ARTICLE XLIII. Duties shall be charged upon the net weight of each article, making a deduction for the tare, weight of congee, &c. To fix the tare on any article such as tea, if the British merchant cannoi agree with the Custom-house officer, then each party shall choose so many chests out of every hundred, which being first weighed in gross, shall afterwards be tared, and the average tare upon these chests shall be assumed as the tare upon the whole ; and upou this principle shall the tare be fixed upon all other goods in packages. If there should be any other points in dispute which cannot be settled, the British merchant may appeal to his Consul, who will communicate the particulars of the case to the Superintendent sf Customs, that it may be equitably arranged. But the appeal must be made within twenty-four hours, or it will not ARTICLE XLVII. British merchant-vessels are not entitled to esort to other than the ports of trade declared o;>en by this Treaty. They are not unlawfully to enter other ports in China, or to carry on clandes- tine trade along the coasts thereof. Any vessel violating this provision, shall, with her cargo, he subject to confiscation by the Chinese Government. ARTICLE XLVIII. If any British merchant-Vessel be concerned in smuggling, the goods, whatever their value or nature, shall be subject to confiscation by the Chinese authorities, and the ship may be prohibited from trading further, and sent away as soon as her accounts shall have been adjusted and paid. The LONDON GAZETTE EXTRAORDINARY, December 28, 1 860. 5295 ARTICLE XLIX. All penalties enforced, or confiscations made,, under this Treaty, shall belong and be appropriated to the public service of the Government of China, ARTICLE L. All official communications, addressed by the Diplomatic and Consular Agents of Her Majesty; the Queen to the Chinese authorities, shall, hence- forth, be written in English. They will for the: present be accompanied by a Chinese version, butt it is understood that, in the event of there being] any difference of meaning between the English andj Chinese text, the English Government will holdl the sense as expressed in the English text to bei the correct sense. This provision is to apply toi the Treaty now negotiated, the Chinese text ofl which has been carefully corrected by the English) original. ARTICLE LL It is agreed, that henceforward the character) 'I" £j-> (barbarian) shall not be applied to the ARTICLE LVI. The Ratifications of this Treaty, under the hand of Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain and Ireland, and His Majesty the Emperor of China, respectively, shall be exchanged at Peking, within a year from this day of signature. In token whereof, the respective Plenipoten- tiaries have signed and sealed this Treaty. Dune at Tientsin, this twenty-sixth day of June, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight; corresponding with the Chinese date, the sixteenth day, fifth moon, of the eighth year of Hien Fung. ELGIN and KINCARDINE. (L.S.) Government or subjects of Her Britannic Majesty, in any Chinese official document issued by the Chinese authorities, either in the capital or in tha provinces. ARTICLE LII. British ships of war coming for no hostile pur- pose, or being engaged in the pmsuit of pirates* shall be at liberty to visit all ports within tha dominions of the Emperor of China, and shall receive every facility for the purchase of provisions, procuring water, and, if occasion require, for the making of repairs. The commanders of such ships shall hold intercourse with the Chinese authorities on terms of equality and courtesy.. " ARTICLE LIII. In consideration of the injury sustained by na- tive and foreign commerce from the prevalence of piracy in the seas of China, the High Contracting Parties agree to concert measures for its sup- pression. ARTICLE LIV. The British Government and its subjects are hereby confirmed in all privileges, immunities, and advantages conferred on them by previous Treaties ; and it is hereby expressly stipulated, that the British Government audits subjects will be allowed free and equal participation in all privileges, iin- m unities, and advantages that may have been, or may be hereafter, granted hy His Majesty the, Emperor of" China to the- Government or subjects of any other nation. ARTICLE LV. In evidence of Her desire, for the continuance of a friendly understanding, Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain- consents to include iu a Separate Article, which shall be in every respect of equal validity with the Articles of this Treaty, the con- ditions affecting indemnity for expenses incurred and losses sustained in the matter of the Canton question. D 2 Signature of First Chinese Plenipotentiary. Signature of Second Chinese Plenipotentiary. Seal of the Chinese Plenipotentiaries. AGREEMENT made in pursuance of Article XXVI of the Treaty. Signed November 8th, 1858. IgWHEREAS it was provided by the Treaty of Tientsin that a conference should be held at Shanghai between officers deputed by the Bri- tish Government on the one part, and by the Chinese Government on the other part, for the purpose of determining the amount of tariff-duties and transit-dues to be henceforth levied, a confer- ence has been held accordingly ; and its proceedings having been submitted to the Right Honourable the Earl of Elgin and Kincardine, High Commis- sioner and Plenipotentiary of Her Britannic Ma- jesty the Queen, on the one part; and to Kweiliang, Hwashana, Ho Kweitsing, Mingshen, and Twau Ching-Shih, High Commissioners and Plenipoten- taries of His Imperial Majesty the Emperor, on the other part, these high officers have agreed and de- termined upon the revised Tariff hereto appended, the rate of transit-dues therewith declared, toge- ther with other Rules> and Regulations for the better explanation of tne Treaty aforesaid ; and do hereby agree that the said Tariff and Rules— the latter being in ten Articles thereto appended — shall be equally binding on the Governments and subjects of both countries with the Treaty itself. In witness whereof, they hereto affix their seals and signatures. Rule 1. — Unenumeraled Goods. Articles not enumerated in the list of exports, but enumerated in the list of imports, when ex- ported, will pay the amount of duty set against them in the list of imports ; and similarly, articles not enumerated in the lists of imports, but enume- rated in the list of exports, when imported, will pay the amount of duty set against them m the list of exports. 5296 The LONl)Otf GAZETTE EXTRAORDINARY, December, 28 1860. Articles not enumerated in either list, nor in the list of duty-free goods, will pay an -ad valorem duty of 5 per cent., calculated on the market value. Rule 2 — Duty-Free Goods. Gold and silver bullion, foreign coins, flour, Indian meal, sago, biscuit, preserved meats and vegetables, cheese, butter, confectionary, foreign clothing, jewellery, plated ware, perfumery, soap of all kinds, charcoal, fire-wood, candles, (foreign), tobacco (foreign), cigars (foreign), wine, beer, spirits, household stores, ships' stores, personal baggage, stationery, carpeting, druggeting, cutlery, foreign medicines, and glass and crystal ware. The above pay no import or export duty; but, if transported into the interior, will, with the excep- tion of personal baggage, gold and silver bullior,' and foreign coins, pay a transit duty at the rate oi two and a half per cent, ad valorem. A freight or part-freight of duty-free com- modities (personal baggage, gold and silver bullion, and foreign coins excepted) will render the vessel carrying them, though no other cargo be on board, liable to tonnage-dues. Rule 3. — Contraband Goods. Import and export trade is alike prohibited in the following articles : Gunpowder, shot, cannon, fowling-pieces, rifles, muskets, pistols, and all other munitions and implements of war ; and salt. Rule 4. — Weights and Measures. In the calculations of the Tariff, the weight of a pecul of one hundred catties is held to be equal to one hundred and thirty-three and one-third pounds avoirdupois ; and the length of a chang of ten Chinese feet, to be equal to one hundred and forty-one English inches. One Chinese chih is held to equal fourteen and one-tenth inches English ; and four yards English, less three inches, to equal one chang. Rule 5. — Regarding certain Commodities hereto- fore Contraband. The restrictions affecting trade in opium, cash, grain, pulse, sulphur, brimstone, saltpetre, and spelter, are relaxed, under the following con- ditions : 1. Opium will henceforth pay thirty taels per pecul import duty. The importer will sell it only at the port. It will be carried into the interior by Chinese only, and only as Chinese property ; the foreign trader will not be allowed to accom- pany it. The provisions of Article IX of the Treaty of Tientsin, by which British subjects are authorized to proceed into the interior with pass- ports to trade, will not extend to it, nor will those of Article XXVIII of the same Treaty, by which the transit-dues are regulated ; the transit-dues on it will be arranged as the Chinese Government see fit ; nor, in future revisions of the Tariff, is the same rule of revision to be applied to opium as to other goods. 2. Copper Cash.— The export of cash to any foreign port is prohibited ; but it shall be lawful for British subjects to ship it at one of the open ports of China to another, on compliance with the following Regulation. The shipper shall give notice of the amount of cash he desires to ship and the port of its destination, and shall bind him- self, either by a bond with two sufficient sureties or by depositing such other security as may be deemed by the Customs satisfactory, to return within six months from the date of clearance, to t-he collector at the port of shipment, the certificate issued by him, with an acknowledgment thereon of the receipt of the cash at the port of destina- tion, by the collector at that port, who shall thereto afliix his seal; or, failing the production of the certificate, to forfeit a sum equal in value to bhe cash shipped. Cash will pay no duty inwards or outwards; but a freight or part freight of :ash, though no other cargo be on board, will render the vessel carrying it liable to pay ton- nage-dues. 3. The export of rice and all other grain what- soever, native or foreign, no matter where grown or whence imported, to any foreign port, is prohi- bited ; but these commodities may be carried by British merchants from one of the open ports cf China to another, under the same conditions in respect of security as cash, on payment at the port of shipment of the duty specified in the Tariff. No import duty will be .leviable upon rice or grain ; but a freight or part freight of rice or grain, though no other cargo be on board, will render the vessel importing it liable to tonnage- dues. 4. Pulse. — The export of pulse and bean-cake from Tung-chau and Niuchwang, under the British flag, is prohibited. From any other of the open ports they may be shipped, on payment of the tariff duty, either to other ports of China or to foreign countries. 5. Saltpetre, sulphur, brimstone, and Bpelter, being munitions of war, shall not be imported by British subjects, save at the requisition of the Chinese Government, or for sale to Chinese duly authorised to purchase them. No permit to land them will be issued until the Customs have proof that the necessary authority has been given to the purchaser. It shall not be lawful for British sub- jects to carry these commodities up the Yang-tze- kiang, or into any port other than those open on the seaboard, nor to accompany them into the interior on behalf of Chinese. They must be sold at the ports only, and except at the ports they will be regarded as Chinese property. Infractions of the conditions, as above set forth under which trade in opium, cash, grain, pulse' saltpetre, brimstone, sulphur, and spelter, may be henceforward carried on, will be punishable by confiscation of all the goods concerned. Rule 6.— Liability of Vessels entering Port, To the prevention of misunderstanding, it is agreed that the term of twenty-four hours, within which British vessels must be reported to the Consul under Article XXXVII of the Treaty of lientsm, shall be understood to commence from the time a British vessel comes within the limits of the port; as also the term of forty-eight hours allowed her by Article XXX of the same Treaty dues emam ^ POrt without P a y m ent of tonnage- The limits of the port shall be defined by the Customs, with aU consideration for the convenience oi trade, compatible with due protection of the revenue ; also the limits of the anchorages within SI S A1 d dudMtt 1P=« » permitted by Z Customs; and the same shall be notified to the Consuls for public information. Rule 7 — Transit Dues. It is agreed that Article XXVIII of the Treatv of Tientsm shall be interpreted to deckie £ amount f transit dues legally leviable upSTnier- chandise imported or exported by British subieotT to be one-half of the tW duties, except ££ The LONDOX GAZETTE EXTRAORDINARY, December 28, 1860. 5297 case of the duty-free goods liable to a transit duty of two and a half per cent, ad valorem, as pro- vided in Article II of these rules. Merchandise shall be cleared of its transit dues under the fol- lowing conditions : In the case of Imports. — Notice being given at the port of entry from -which the imports are to be forwarded inland, of the nature and quantity of the goods ; the ship from which they have been landed ; and the place inland to which they are bound, with all other necessary particulars, the Collector of Customs will, on due inspection made, and on receipt of the transit duty due, issue a transit duty certificate. This must be produced at every barrier station, and vised. No further duty will be leviable upon imports so certificated, no matter how distant the place of their destina- tion. In the case of Exports. — Produce purchased by a British subject in the interior, will be inspected and taken account of at the first barrier it passes on its way to the port of shipment. A memo randuHi, showing the amount of the produce, and the port at which it is to be shipped, will be de- posited there by the person in charge of the pro- duce ; he will then receive a certificate, which must be exhibited and vised at every barrier on his way to the port of shipment. On the arrival of the produce at the barrier nearest the port, notice must be given to the Customs at the port, and the transit dues due thereon being paid, it will be passed. On exportation the prodiice will pay the tariff duty. Any attempt to pass goods inwards or outwards, otherwise than in compliance with the rule here laid down, will render them liable to confiscation. Unauthorized sale, in transitu, of goods that have been entered as above for a port, will render them Liable to confiscation. Any attempt to pass goods in excess of the quantity specified in the certificate, will render all the goods of the same denomination named in the certificate liable to confiscation. Permission to export produce which cannot be proved to have paid its transit dues, will be refused by the Customs" until the transit dues shall have been paid. The above being the arrangement agreed to regarding the transit dues, which will thus be levied once and for all, the notification required under Article XXVIII of the Treaty of Tientsin, for the information of British and Chinese subjects, is hereby dispensed with. Rule 8.— -Foreign Trade under Passport. It is agreed that Article IX. of the Treaty of Tien-lsin shall not be interpreted as authorizing British subjects to enter the capital city of Peking for purposes of trade. Rule 9. — Abolition of the Meltage Fee. It is agreed that the percentage of one tael two mace, hitherto charged in excess of duty payments, to defray the expenses of meltins; by the Chinese Covernment, shall be no longer levied on British subjects. Rule 10. — Collection of Duties under one System at all Ports. It being, by Treaty, at the option of the Chinese Government to adopt what means appear to it best suited to protect . its revenue, accruing on British trade, it is agreed that one uniform system shall be enforced at every jjort. The high officer appointed by the Chinese Go- vernm nt to superintend foreign trade will, ac- cordingly, from time to time, either himself visit, or will send a deputy to visit, the different ports. The said high officer will be at liberty, of his own choice, and independently of the suggestion or nomi- nation of any British authority, to select any British subject he may see fit to aid him in the administration of the Customs revenue ; in the prevention of smuggling ; in the definition of port boundaries ; or in discharging the duties of harbour-master ; also in the distribution of lights, buoys, beacons, and the like, the maintenance of which shall be provided for out of the tonnage- dues. The Chinese Government will adopt what mea- sures it shall find requisite to prevent smuggling up the Yang-tze-kiang, when that river shall be opened to trade. Done at Shanghae, in the province of Kiang-su, this eighth day of November, in the year of our Lord eighteen hundred and fifty-eight, being the third day of the tenth moon of the eight year of the reign of Hien-fung. (L.S.) ELGIN and KINCARDINE. Signatures and Seal of the Five Chinese High Commissioners and Plenipotentiaries. 5298 The LONDON GAZETTE EXTRAORDINARY, December 28, 1860. TARIFF. Tariff on Imports. Articles. Agar-agar ... ... ■ Assafoetida ... Bees'-wax, yellow ... Betel-nut ... ""*'... ,, UUbK ... ... ...< Bicho-de-mar, black J ^... ... „ white ... ... ... Birds' nests, 1st quality jj ^11(1 55 ... ... ... „ 3rd, or uncleaned Buttons, brass Camphor, baroos , clean ... y j fi rC'iustj ••• ■ * • Canvas and cotton duck, not exceeding 50 yds long Cardamoms, superior ... „ inferior, or grains of Paradise Cinnamon ... Clocks Cloves „ mother Coal, foreign Cochineal ...fi Coral Cordage, Manilla Cornelians ... ... ... . . „ beads ... ... ... Cotton, raw Cotton piece-goods — Grey, white, plain and twilled, exceeding 34 in. wide, and not exceeding, 40 yds. long 5', „ exceeding 3 . in. wide, and exceeding 40 yds. long. „ „ Drills and jeans, not exceeding 30 in, wide, and not exceeding 40 yds long... ,> „ not exceeding 30 in. wide, and not ex- ceeding 30 yards long ,, ,, T-cloths, not exceeding 34 in. wide, and not exceeding 48 yds. long ,, ., not exceeding 34 in. wide, and not. ex- ceeding 24 yds. long „ dyed, figured and plain, not exceeding 36 in. wide, and nut exceeding 40 yds. long „ Fancy, white brocades and white spotted shirtings, not oxceeding 36 in. wide, and not exceeding 40 yds. 'ong ... „ Printed, chintzes and furnitures, not exceeding 31 in. wide, and not exceeding 30 yds. long... „ Cambrics, not exceeding 46 in. wide, and not exceed- ing 24 yds. long » >, "ot exceeding 46 in. wide, and not exceed- ing 12 yds. long „ Muslins, not exceeding 46 in." wide, and not exceed- ing 24 yds. long... ' >» » "ot exceeding 46 in. wide, and not exceed- ing 12 yds. long... „ Damasks, not exceeding 36 in. wide, and not exceed- ing 40 yds long. „ Dimities or quiltings, not exceeding 40 in. wide, and not exceeding 12 yds. long „ Ginghams, not exceeding 28 in. wide, and not exceed- ing 30 yds. long „ Handkerchiefs, not exceeding 1 yd. square „ Fustians, not exceeding 35 yds. long ... ..' „ Velveteens, not exceeding 34 yds. long ... ." „ Thread " Yarn Cow bezoar, Indian Cutch Quantities. Pep 100 catties Per catty. » Per gross Per catty Per piece Per 100 catties 5 per cent. Per 100 catties » Per ton Per 100 catties Per catty Per- 100 catties Per 100 stones Per 100 catties Per piece Per every ] yds. Per piece Per dozen Per piece Per 100 catties 99 Per catty Per 100 catties Dutyi t. m. c, c. 15 6 5 1 1 5 1 5 7 5 5 1 3 7 4 5 5 5 5 7 2 4 10 5 15 ad valorem. 5 Q 1 8 5 5 7 5 1 5 3 0. 3 5 8 2 10 7 5 8 4. 15 1 2 2 1 7 7 1 5 1 7 7 3 7 3 6 3 2 5 2 5, 5 5 5 5 5 8 The LONDON GAZETTE EXTRAORDINARY, December 28, 1860. 5299 Tariff on Imports. Articles. Quantities. Duty. Elephants' teeth, whole ... „ 'broken Feather?, kingfishers', peacocks' Fish maws ... Fish skins ... Flints Gambier ... Gatobage ... Ginseng, American, crude „ „ clarified Glass, window Glue Gold thread, real „ imitation ... Gum Benjamin ... ... ... „ ,. oil of ... „ dragon's Wood ... ... „ myrrh „ olibanum Hifes, Buffalo and Cow... „ Rhinoceros Horns, Buffalo „ Deer ... „ Rhinoceros Indigo, liquid IsinglaSs Lacquered-ware Leather ... ... <«• ••• Linen, fine, as Irish or Scotch, not exceeding 50 yds. long .. „ coarse, as linen and cotton, or silk and linen mixtures, not exceding 50 yds. long... Lueraban seed ... ••• —Slf JSK" Mace ... ... ■■• '"■ssS^fC" Mangrove bark ... ... •••„ "^ „»,■«• • Metals. — Copper, manufactured, as in sheets, rods,'nails „ „ unmanufactured, as in slabs ... „ „ yellow metal, sheathing, and nails „ „ Japan ... ••• „ Iron, manufactured^ as in sheets,Jrods, bars, hoops.. „ „ unmanufactured, as in pigs „ „ kentledge „ „ wire „ Lead, in pigs ... „ „ in sheets „ Quicksilver ... „ Spelter (saleable ohlyjinder regulation appended) .. „ . Steel „ Tin „ Tin plates Motheir-o'-pearl shell ... ••• ••• Musical boxes Mussels, dried Nutmegs ... ... ••• ••• Olives, unpickled, salted, or pickled... Opium ... ... ••• ••• Pepper, black „ white ... ••• ••• Prawns, dried Putchuk ... Rattans ... ... ••• •■■ Rose maloes ... Salt fish ... Saltpetere (saleable only under regulation appended) Sandal-wood Sapan-wood ... Seahorse teeth Sharks' fins, black „ white Sharks' skins Silver thread, real „ imitation ... Sinews, Buffalo and Deer T. M. c. c. Per 100 catties \ 4 >> 3 Per 100 4 o Per 100 catties 1 o !> 2 o 3J 3 )> 1 5 » 1 >) 6 » 8 Per box of 100 sq.ft. 1 5 Per 100 catties 1 5 Per catty 1 6 » 3 Per 100 catties 6 » 6 is 4 5 19 4 5 » 4 5 » 5 J> 4 2 }> 2 5 5> 2 5 )t 2 J* 1 8 » 6 5 )) 1 o » 4 2 Per piece 5 >j 2 Per 100 catties 3 5 >> 1 i: 3 » ] 5 t 1 » 9 t> 6 ] 1 2 5 3> 7 5 3) 1 33 2 5 99 2 5 99 5 5 99 2 i) 2 5 33 2 5 33 1 2 5 33 4 33 2 5 per cent. ad valorem. Per 100 catties 2 33 2 5 99 1 8 3) 30 33 3 6 jj 5 93 3 6 )) 6 )3 1 5 33 1 33 1 8 33 5 93 4 }3 1 j5 2 33 5 33 I 5 Per 100 2 Per catty 1 3 3 Per 100 catti es 5 5 5300 The LONDON GAZETTE EXTRAORDINARY, December 28, 1860. Tariff on Imports. Articles. Skins, Fox, large ,, ,, small „ Marten „ Sea-otter ,, Tiger and leopard „ Bearer „ Doe, hare, and rabbit „ Squirrel „ Land-otter „ Kacoon Smalts ... ... ... ... .. Snuff, foreign Sticklac Stockfish ... Sulphur and brimstone (saleable only under regulation appended) ... Telescopes, spy and opera glasses, looking-glasses, and mirrors Tigers' bones Timber. — Masts and spars, bard-wood, not exceeding 40 feet „ „ ,, „ „ 60 feet „ » » » exceeding 60 feet „ „ „ soft-wood, not exceeding 40 feet » > » » 9> 60 feet 59 >9 » )9 exceeding 60 feet „ Beams, hard-wood, not exceeding 26 1'i-et long, and under 12 inches .-square „ Planks, „ not exceeding 24 feet long, 12 inches wide, and 3 in. thick ... J9 99 99 not exceeding 16 fet t long, 12 inches wide, and 3 in. thick ... 9> 99 Soft-wood 99 .9 Teak Tinder Tortoiseshell „ broken Umbrellas ... Velvets, not exceeding 34 yards long Watches ... ... ... ... ^ „ emailles a perles Wax, Japan Woods, Camagon ... ... ... mm \ „ ebony „ Garroo „ fragrant „ Kranjee, 35 ft. long, 1 ft. 8 in. wide, and 1 ft. thick " ,, Laka ... » re d ... ... ... " Woollen manufactures, viz. : blankets „ broadcloth and Spanish stripes, habit and medium cloth, 51 in. ffl 64 in. wide „ long ells, 31 in. wide ... ... \[[ „ camlets, English, 31 in. wide ... [\, 5) 99 Dutch, 33 in. wide 99 99 imitation and bombazettes „ cassimeres, flannel and narrow cloth ... „" „ lastings, 31 in. wide >9 9> imitation and Orleans, 34 in. wide ... „ bunting, not exceeding 24 in. wide, 40 yds. long ... and cotton mixtures, viz. : lustres, plain and brocaded, not exceeding 31 yds. long „ inferior Spanish stripes » y»™ ... ... ." Quantities. Each 99 99 )J Per 100 Per 100 catties li. i » f'n 99 5 per cent. Per 100 catties Each Per 100 Per 1,000 square ft. Per cubic foot Per 100 catties Per catty Each Per piece Per pair 99 Per 100 catties Each Per 100 catties 99 Per pair Per chang Per piece Per chang Per 100 catties Duty. T. M. C. C. 15 1 1 5 1 5 2 2 1 7 7 5 5 5 5 5 2 3 5 2 ad valorem. 15 5 4 6 10 2 4 6 15 3 5 2 3 5 3 2 1 1 4 5 1 2 4 8 1 1 2 1 10 Q 3 5 2 5 3 5 5 4 5 1 5 2 4 5 5 4 5 2 10 3 Tfifi LONDON GAZETTE EXTRAORDINARY, DiscEMfeEii 28, i860. 5301 Taeiff on Exports. Articles. Alum • •• ••• ••• ,j green, or cdpperas ... ... Aniseed, star ... „ broken ,, oil Apricot seeds, or almonds Arsenic Artificial flowers ... Bamboo ware Bangles, or glass armlets ... Beans and peas (except frpm New-chwarig and Tang-chow) Bean cake (except from New-chwang and Tang-chow) Bone and horn ware Brass buttons „ foil ... „ ware „ wire ... Camphor ... Canes . ... Cantharides, Capoor cutcherry Carpets and druggets ... Cassia lignea ,. buds „ twigs „ oil ... Castor oil ... Chestnuts ... ... ••• ••• China root ... Chinaware, fine 1, coarse Cinnabar ... Clothing, cotton „ silk Coal Coir Copper ore „ sheathing, old ... Copper and pewter ware Corals, false Cotton, raw „ rags Cow,Bezoar Crackers, fireworks Cubebs Curiosities, antiques Dates, black „ red ... Dye, green... Eggs, preserved Fans, feather „ paper ... „ palm-leaf, trimmed „ „ uhtrimmed tt Felt cuttings „ caps ... Fungus, or agaric Galangal ... I Garlic ' Ginseng, native ■•• ;•• „ Corean or Japan* 1st quality „ „ „ 2nd quality GlaSs beads „ or vitrified ware ... Grass cloth, fine „ coarse Grdund-nuts „ cake .•< _ ••• GyfSsum, ground, or plaster of Paris Quantities. Per 100 catties Per 1000 Per 100 catties Per 100 Per 100 catties Per catty Per 100 catties » 5 per cent. Per 100 catties i> Per catty Per 1000 Per 100 Per'lOOO Per 100 catties Per 100; ' Per 100 catties 5 per cent. Per catty Per 100 catties Duty. T. M. C. C. 4 5 10 5 2 5 4 5 5 1 1 5 S 1 1 1 2 3 5 5 6 & & 5 5 CI 1 5 5 9 6 o i 1 9 1 5 1 1 3 5 1 5 7 5 3 5 6 6 8 1 5 2 3 5 5 d o 10 4 1 5 5 5 5 4 6 ad valorem. 15 9 8 3 7 3 1 2 6 1 5 5 5 4 6 2 10 5 3 5 ad valorem. 5 2 10 3 3 3 5 5 5 7 5 5 No. 22465. E 5302 The LONDON GAZETTE EXTRAORDINARY, December 28, 1860. Tariff on Exports. Articles. Hair, camels' „ goats ... ... Hams ... Hartall, or orpiment Hemp Honey Horns, deer's, young ... ,, , „ old Indian ink ... Indigo, dry Ivory ware Joss-sticks ... Kittysols, or paper umbrellas Lacquered ware ... ... Lamp-wicks Lead, red (minium) „ white (ceruse)) ... „ yellow (massicot) ... Leather articles, as pouches, purses ... „ green Liches Lilly flowers, dried „ seeds, or^lotus nuts Liquorice ... Lung-ngan... „ without the stone Manure cakes, or poudrette Marble slabs Mats of all kinds Matting Melon seeds Mother-o'-pearl ware ... ... Mushrooms Musk Nankeen and native cotton cloths ... Nutgalls Oil, as bean, tea, wood, cotton, and hemp seed Oiled paper ... Olive seed ... Oyster-shell, sea-sh lis ... Paint (green) ... Palampore, or cotton bed-quilts Paper, 1st quality „ 2nd quality Pearls^false Peel, orange Peel Pumelo, 1st quality » „ 2nd „ Peppermint leaf „ oil Pictures and paintings „ on pith or rice-paper Pottery, earthenware ... Preserves, comfits, and sweatmeats ... Hat tans, split Rattan-ware ... ... Rhubarb Rice or paddy, wheat, millet, and other grains Rugs, of hair or skin ... Samshoo ... Sandalwood ware Seaweed ... ... ... Sesamum seed Shoes and boots, leather or satin „ straw Silk, raw and thrown ... „ Yellow, from Szechuen „ Reeled, from Dupions j, Wild raw ,, Refuse „ Cocoons Quantities. Per 100 catties Per pair Pe 100 catties Per catty Per 100 catties Per 100 Per 100 catties Per 100 Per roll of 40 yds. Per 100 catties Per catty Per 100 catties Per catty Per 100 catties rlOO Per 100 catties Each Per 100 Per 100 catties Each Per 100 catties Per catty Per 100 catties » Per 100 pairs » Per 100 catties » » Duty. T. 1 1 3 4 1 1 1 1 1 2 7 s 2 1 8 2 1 2 3 2 1 3 4 3 4 2 7 3 4 1 1 5 1 1 5 2 3 3 1 2 1 3 1 10 1 3 c. c. 8 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 7 3 5 5 5 9 5 9 5 5 l) 5 5 5 5 5 9 5 5 The LONDON GAZETTE EXTRAORDINARY, December 28, 1860. 5303 Tariff on Exports. Articles. Quantities. Duty. T. M. c. c. Silk, Floss, Canton ... • •• Per 100 catties 4 3 „ „ from other provinces ... • ■* j) 10 „ Ribbons and thread ... ■ • • 10 „ Piece-goods: pongees, shawls, scarves, crape, satin, gauz a velvet , and embroidered goods 12 „ Szechuen and Shantung )J 4 5 „ Tassels ... .. J) 10 „ Caps ... ... ., Peril 00 9 „ and cotton mixtures ,, Per 100 catties 5 a Silver and gold-ware ... .. i) 10 Snuff ... ,. J) 8 Soy ... ,. t) 4 Straw braid ... ,, )j 7 Sugar, brown ■ •• ., 1 2 „ white ... .. S> 2 „ candy ... ., 3) 2 5 Tallow, animal ... ., *1 2 „ vegetable ... .. >> 3 Tea ... ., Jj 2 5 Tinfoil ... ,., J3 1 2 5 Tobacco, prepared ... ., ?J 4 5 r„ leaf ... ., )) 1 5 Tortoiseshell ware ... ,, Per catty 2 Trunks, leather ... ,, Per 100 catties 1 5 Turmeric ... ... ,, 5) 1 Twine, hemp, Canton ... ... ,. S9 1 5 „ „ Soochow ... ., )) 5 Turnips, salted ... ., 5) 1 8 Varnish, or crude lacquer ... .. it 5 Vermicelli ... • •• ,, ?» 1 8 Vermilion ... ... ., jj 2 5 "Wax, white or insect ... ... ». )» 1 5 Wood, piles, poles, and joists ,, Each 3 „ ware ... ,, Per 100 catties 1 1 5 Wool ... a 3 5 (L.S.) ELGIN and KINC-A JtDINE. Signatures and Seal of the Five Chinese High Commissioners and Plenipotentiaries. Convention between Her Majesty and the Emperor of China. Signed, in the English and Chinese Languages, at Peking, October 24, I860.. HER MAJESTY the Queen of Great Britain and Ireland, and His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of China, being alike desirous to bring to an end the misunderstanding at present ex- isting between their respective Governments, and to secure their relations against further interrup- tion, have for this purpose appointed Plenipo- tentiaries, that is to say: Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain and Ireland, The Earl of Elgin E 2 and Kincardine'; and His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of China, His Imperial Highness the Prince of Kung ; who, having met and communi- cated to each other their full powers, and finding these to be in proper form, have agreed upon the following Convention, in nine Articles : ARTICLE I. A breach of friendly relations having been occasioned by the act of the garrison of Ta-ku, which obstructed Her Britannic Majesty's Repre- sentative when on his way to Pekm for the purpose of exchanging the ratifications of the Treaty of Peace concluded at Tientsin m the month of June, one thousand eight hundred and §304 The LONDON GAZETTE EXTRAORDINARY, December 28, 1860. fifty-eight, His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of China expresses his deep regret at the misunder- standing so occasioned. ARTICLE II. It is further expressly declared that the ar- rangement entered into at Shanghai in the month of October, one thousand eight hundred and fifty- eight, between Her Britannic Majesty's Ambas- sador The Earl of Elgin and Kincardine, and His Imperial Majesty's Commissioners Kweiliang and Hwashana, regarding the residence of Her Bri- tannic Majesty's Representative in China, is hereby cancelled ; and that, in accordance with Article III of the Treaty of one thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, Her Britannic Majesty's Representative will henceforward reside perma- nently or occasionally at Peking, as Her Britannic Majesty shall be pleased to decide. AETICLE III. It is agreed that the Separate Article of the Treaty of one thousand eight hundred and fifty- eight is hereby annulled ; and that in lieu of the amount of indemnity therein specified, His Im- perial Majesty the Emperor of China shall pay \he sum of eight millions of taels in the following proportions or instalments ; namely : at Tientsin on or before j;he thirtieth day of November, the sum of five hundred thousand taels ; at Canton, and on or before the first day of December, one thousand eight hundred and sixty, three hundred and thirty-three thousand three hundred and thirty-three taels, less the sum which shall have been advanced by the Canton authorities towards the completion of the British Factory site at Shameen ; and the remainder at the pprts open to foreign trade, in quarterly payments, which shall consist of one-fifth, of the gross revenue from customs there collected. The first of the said payments beiDg due on the thirty-first day of December, one thousand eight hundred and sixty, for the quarter terminating on that day. It is further agreed that these moneys shall be paid into the hands of an Officer whom Her Britannic Majesty's Representative shall specially appoint to receive them, and that the accuracy of the amounts shall, before payment, be duly ascertained by British and Chinese Officers ap- pointed to discharge this duty. In order to prevent future discussion, it is moreover declared that of the eight millions of taels herein guaranteed, two millions will be appropriated to the indemnification of the British mercantile community at Canton, for losses sus- tained by them, and the remaining six millions to the liquidation of war expenses. ARTICLE IV. It is agreed that on the day on which this Convention is signed, His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of [China shall open the port of Tientsin to trade, and that it shall be thereafter competent to British subjects to reside and trade there under the same conditions as at any other port of China by treaty open to trade. ARTICLE V. As soon as the ratifications of the Treaty of one thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight shall have been exchanged, His Imperial Majesty the Em- peror of China will, by decree, command the high authorities of every province to proclaim through- out their jurisdictions, that Chinese choosing to take service in the British Colonies, or other parts beyond sea, are at perfect liberty to enter into engagements with British subjects for that purpose, and to ship themselves and their families on board any British vessel at any of the open ports of China ; also* that the high authorities aforesaid shall, in concert with Her Britannic Majesty's Re- presentative in China, frame such regulations for the protection of Chinese emigrating, as above, as the circumstances of the different open ports may demand. ARTICLE VI. With a view to the maintenance of law and order in and about the harbour of Hong-Kong, His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of China agrees to cede to Her Majesty, the Queen of Great Britain and Ireland, and to her heirs and succes- sors, to have and to hold as a dependency of Her Britannic Majesty's colony of Hong Kong, that portion of the township of Cowloon in the pro- vince of Kwang-Tung, of which a lease was granted in perpetuity to Harry Smith Parkes, Esquire, Companion of the Bath, a member of the Allied Commission at Canton, on behalf of Her Britannic Majesty's Government, by Lan Tsung Kwang, Governor-General of the Two Kwang. It is further declared that the lease in question is hereby cancelled ; that the claims of any Chinese to property on the said portion of Cow- loon shall be duly investigated by a Mixed Com- mission of British and Chinese officers ; and that compensation shall be awarded by the British Government to any Chinese whose claim shall be by the said Commission established, should his removal be deemed necessary by the British Government. ARTICLE VIL It is agreed that the provisions of the Treaty of one thousand eight hundred and fifty- eight, except in so far as these are modified by the present Convention, shall without delay come into operation as soon as the ratifications of the Treaty aforesaid shall have been exchanged. It is further agreed that no separate ratifica- tion of the present Convention shall be necessary, but that it shall take effect from the date of its signature, and be equally binding with the Treaty above-mentioned on the High Contracting Parties. ARTICLE VIII. It is agreed that as soon as the ratifications of the Treaty of the year one thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight shall have been exchanged, His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of China shall, by decree, command the high authorities in the capital and in the provinces to print and publish the aforesaid Treaty and the present Convention, for general information. ARTICLE IX. It is agreed that as soon as this Convention shall have been signed, the ratifications of the Treaty of the year one thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight shall have been exchanged, and an Imperial decree, respecting the publication of the said Convention and Treaty shall have been pro- mulgated as provided for by Article VIII of this Convention, Chusan shall be evacuated by Her Britannic Majesty's troops there stationed, and Her Britannic Majesty's force now before Peking, shall commence its march towards the city of Tientsin, the forts of Taku, the north coast of Shang-tung, and the City of Canton, at each or all of which places it shall be at the option of Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain and The LONDON GAZETTE EXTRAORDINARY, December 28, 1860. 5305 Ireland, to retain a force until the indemnity of eight millions of taels, guaranteed in Article III, shall have been paid. Done at Peking, in the Court of the Board of Ceremonies, on the 24th day of October, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty. (L.S.) ELGIN and KINCARDINE. Signature of the Chinese Plenipotentiary. War- Office, December 28, 1860. MAJOR the Honourable A. Anson arrived yesterday evening with a despatch, ad- dressed to Mr. Secretary Herbert by Lieutenant- General Sir J. Hope Grant, G.C.B., Command- ing Her Majesty's Forces in China, of which the following is a copy : No. 56. Sir, Head Quarters, before Pekin, October 22, 1860. IN my despatch, No. 46 of the 20th September, I had the honour to report the illegal capture, by the Chinese, on the 18th of that month, of several officers and soldiers who had accompanied Mr. Parkes to Tungchau, when he went there to meet the Chinese Commissioners. I have since reported the return of Messrs. Parkes and Loch, and of one Sikh soldier, on the 8th October, and of eight more Sikhs on the 12th October. I have now to report that, on the 14th instant, two more Sikhs were brought back, the Chinese declaring that they were the last survivors of those who had been taken prisoners. To prove their assertion, they brought out to us the bodies of Lieutenant R. B. Anderson, of Fane's Horse ; Private John Phipps, King's Dra- goon Guards ; Mr. de Norman, of Her Majesty's Legation ; Mr. Bowlby, Times' Correspondent in China ; and eight Sikhs. This accounts for all of those who are missing, except Captain Brabazon, Royal Artillery, and of him I cannot at present obtain any tidings, but I fear that there can be no doubt but that he is dead. It appears from the statements of the surviving Sikhs, that after Messrs. Parkes and Loch had quitted the party, on the 18th September, to speak to Sangolinsin, as detailed in my despatch of the 9th instant, the Chinese crowded round them in great numbers to disarm them. The position in which they found themselves precluded any attempt to cut their way out with any chance of success, upon which Lieutenant Anderson very properly determined to trust to the protection of the flag of truce, and or- dered the| sowars to make no resistance. They were accordingly disarmed and taken to the rear, being permitted to retain their horses. They halted for the night at a joss-house between Tungchau and Pekin ; and the following morning Captain Brabazon and the Abbe Duluc (a French Missionary who spoke Chinese) were taken out and sent back, ostensibly for the purpose of com- municating with the Allied Commanders. The remainder of the party, being again mounted on their own horses, were taken through Pekin to Yuen-Ming- Yuen, where they arrived soon after midday. Up to this time they had been very well treated, but about an hour after their halt at the palace they were called out one by one, thrown on their faces, and their hands and feet tied together behind their backs. In this state they were left, without food or drink, for three days. On the 22nd September the Chinese, probably fearing, after our victory of the previous day, that we should advance and recapture their prisoners, took them out, and, dividing them into four parties, placed them in carts, with their hands still bound, and drove them off to four small hill fortresses, varying from twenty to forty miles from Pekin. I beg to append a statement showing how these parties were divided, and which of the prisoners died in captivity. Of the cause of their death there can be no doubt ; the survivors of each party tell the same sad tale, of how they remained with their hands tightly bound with cords until mortification ensued, and they died. The whole party would have doubtless shared the same fate, had not their cords been cut on the ninth day, or thereabouts. Messrs. Parkes, Loch, and their Sikh orderly, more fortunate than their companions, were con- fined in the common prison of Pekin, and laid in irons for several days, a far more merciful treat- ment than that vouchsafed to the rest of the party. I cannot conclude this report without adverting to the loss Her Majesty's service has sustained in Captain Brabazon, Royal Artillery, and Lieu- tenant Anderson, of Fane's Horse. The former, an officer of much professional ability, had proved himself to be an excellent officer in the field also, by his energy and intelligence whilst serving through the present campaign as Deputy Assistant- Quartermaster- General of Artillery. The latter was Adjutant of his regiment, and had earned for himself both here and in India, the reputation of being one of the best Irregular Cavalry officers in Her Majesty's Indian army. Nor can I omit mention of Private Phipps, of the 1st Dragoon Guards, who, when last surviving European of his party, encouraged the Sikhs in every way he could, until his decease on the 14th day of his captivity, thus well sustaining the repu- tation of a British soldier, under the most trying circumstances. By the kind permission of the Russian Minister General Ignatieff, the bodies of the Englishmen have been interred in the Russian cemetery here. They were buried on the 17th instant, with military honours, in presence of General de Mon- tauban and many officers of the French army, of the officers of the Russian Mission, and of the majority of the officers of the English army and Embassy. I have, &c, J. HOPE GRANT, Lieutenant General, Commander of the Forces. The Right Honourable the Secretary of State for War, 5306 The LONDON GAZETTE EXTRAOKDINARY, December 28, 1860. 1st Party taken to Hill Fort. Lieutenant E. B. Anderson, Fane's Horse, died on the 9th day of captivity, 27th September ; Mr. De Norman, Attache of Her Majesty's Lega- tion, died on 17th day of captivity, 5th October; 1 duffadar, Fane's Horse, returned to camp 1 2th October, 1 860 ; 4 sowars, Fane's Horse, 1 died, 3 returned 12th October. Bodies of those who died brought in on 14th October, I860. 2nd Parti/ taken to Hill Fort. 1 French officer, died ; 2 French soldiers, 1 died, 1 returned 12th October ; 5 sowars, Fane's Horse, 1 died, 4 returned 12th October, 1860. Bodies of those who died brought in on 14th October, 1860. 3rd Party taken to Hill Fort. 1 French officer, died ; Mr. Bowlby, died on 7th day of captivity, 25th September ; Private J. Phipps, King's Dragoon Guards, died on 14th day of captivity, 2nd October ; 1 sowar, 1st Sikh Irregular Cavalry, died on 9th day of cap- tivity, 27th September ; 1 duffadar, Fane's Horse, died 16th day of captivity, 4th October, 1860 j 2 sowars, Fane's Horse, returned to camp 14th October, 1860. Bodies of those who died brought in on 16th October, 1860. 4th Party taken to Hill Fort. 1 French officer, 2 French soldiers, 4 sowars, Fane's Horse. Died in captivity; bodies brought in on the 17th October, 1860. Pekin Party. Mr. Parkes, Mr. Loch, 1 sowar, 1st Sikh Irregu- lar Cavalry, 1 French officer, 4 French soldiers. Brought back to camp on 8th October. Captain Brabazon, Abbe* Duluc (French Mis- sionary). Believed to have been beheaded in the Tartar camp during the battle of Palichiau, on 21st September; 1860. Published by Thomas Lawrence Behan, Editor, Manager, and Publisher, of No. 26, Charles Street, in the Parish of St. James, at No. 45, bt. Martin's Lane, in the Parish of St. Martin-in-the-Fields, both in the County of Middlesex. Printed by Thomas Richaed Haerison and Thomas Harrison, Printers, at their Office, No. 45 St. Martin's Lane, in the Parish and County aforesaid. Friday, December 28, 1860. Price One Shilling.