^0rnell Uttttterattg ffiihrarg Jitlfara, H»m 5nrfe FROM THE BENNO LOEWY LIBRARY COLLECTED BY BENNO LOEWY 1854-1919 BEQUEATHED TO CORNELL UNIVERSITY Cornell University Library HS878 .H31 Harris' masonic text-book; II nil II III III '3"""l924 030 291 631 oiin,anx The original of tliis bool< is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924030291631 Entebed acoobding to Act of Congeess in the yeab 1903, by HARRISON L. HARRIS, IN THE OFFICE OF THE LiBEABIAN OF CONGKBSS AT Washington, D. C. DR. HARRISON L. HARRIS. ELECTED GRAND SECBETAKV 1H84. MASONIC TEXT-BOOK A CONCISE HISTORICAL SKETCH OF nASONRY, And the Organisation of Masonic Grand Lodges, and especially of Masonry among Colored Men in America; AliSO, A COMPILATION OF THE ILLUSTRATIONS OF MASONIC WORK, As drawn from, the Most Reliable Authorities on the subject, By HARRISON L. HARRIS, M D., Grand Secretary of the Grand Lodge of Virginia. PETERSBURG, VA.: The Masonic Visitor Company 1902. PREFACE. In 1882, when the author of this work was a much younger man than he is to day, and when he was a member of the Grand Lodge of Virginia for the first time, a resolution was offered, which set out the ex- istence of the need of a Text-Book of Masonry, which should be prepared for the use of the Masons who were under the jurisdiction of the (colored) Grand Lodge of A. P. Masons. Again in 1895, a resolution embodying the same thought was adopted. But this time, it went further, and designated the Grand Secretary of the Grand Lodge, Dr. H. L. Harris, as the compiler of the work. At the session of the Grand Lodge in 1896 a synop- sis of the compilation was presented and read to the body, which sat as a committee of the whole. It was heartily approved; and arrangements were entered into looking to its publication by the Grand Lodge. In 1901 the Grand Lodge made an appropriation for the publication; and having previously appointed a committee to supervise, the work, the author set about the arrangement of his manuscript for publication. And now after several months of earnest labor — dur- ing all of which time he has been compelled to attend 4 MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. to an exacting medical practice, and to look after other business matters which could not be neglected, he is pleased to be able to present this work to his brethren who have honored him with their confidence. In making this presentation it is his earnest wish that the brethren may find some small benefit in their jsearch for information on the subjects usually treated of in a Text-Book on Masonry. The craft is especially recommended to accept the Illustrations as presented; as they have been most carefully compared with the works o/ snch standard authorities as Preston, Webb, Cross, and other equally celebrated masonic lights. In the hope that they appreciate the work which has been done for their benefit the author respectfully presents the fruits of his labor, to the members of the Ancient and honorable society of Free Masons of the United States of America. P. G. M. James H. Hayes, P. G. M. Benj. a. Graves, P. G. M. .fAMES Hugo Johnston, Committee of Publication of the Attest: M. W. Grand Lodge of Virginia. H. I/. Harbis, M. D., Grand Secretary. HARRIS' MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. CHAPTBE L A DEFINITION OF MASONET . As preliminary to the question of its origin, which is the subject with which most authors begin their Text-Books, we will first consider what is Masonry? A very distinguished Masonic author, Dr. John Dove, writing on this subject, says: At the present day, among all enlightened members of the fraternity, it has two meanings, under the style of operative and speculative Masonry. By the former it is, under its synonyme, Geometry, made to conduce to man's temporal wants by furnishing shelters from the weather, and by the appliances of architectural symmetry, varied by the tastes and talents of succeed- ing generations, has imprinted its existence into every country and clime where civilization prevails, by those magnificent structures which are the pride and admi- ration of every nation. By Speculative Masonry, we mean Virtue in its most tender sense, as taught by the daily exercise of Bro- therly love, Belief and Truth, and which compels or requires the initiated to subdue the passions, act upon the square, keep a tongue of good report, maintaii^ 6 HARRIS secrecy and practice charity. It is so intimately in- terwoven with religion as to lay its professors under the strongest obligation to pay to the Deity that ra- tional and heart emanating homage which at once con- stitutes their duty and happiness. Beasoning, then, on these acknowledged data, it will not be necessary to detain the reader with a long account of the Origin of Masonry. Certain it is, and must be, that when the first man was formed in the image of God, the principles of Masonry^ as a Divine gift from Heaven were stamped upon his heart by the Great Architect of the Universe. This then is the explanation of what Masonry is. CHAPTER II. ORIGIN OF MASONRY. As to its origin I have not been able to find any more fitting or expressive words with which to de- scribe it than the following quotation from the writings of that truly learned Masonic scholar. Brother William Preston, of the Lodge of Antiquity of London, England, who says: "From the commencement of the world we may trace the foundation of Masonry. Ever since symme- try began, and harmony displayed her charms our Order has had a being. During many ages, and in many different countries, it has flourished. No art, no science preceded it. In the dark periods of an- tiquity, when literature was in a low state, and the rude manners of our forefathers withheld from them that knowlF THE JI. W STATES KIGHTS GRAND LODGE, F. A. A. Y. M. 18G9. MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 73 After being made they divided themselves into three lodges of twenty-four members each. These lodges took the name of J. B. Trusty, Virginia and Abra- ham, and they are all existing to-day (1902) and are carried on our register as numbers 8, 9 and 10 respec- tively. On the fourteenth day of October, 1867, the three Petersburg lodges mentioned above, having procured Charters from the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania, met in Convention in their city, and after the proper for- malities, proceeded to organize the Grand Lodge of F. and A. Ancient York Masons. All the officers were from Petersburg: Brother James H. Jones being Grand Master; Brother Douglas Johnson, Deputy Grand Master, and Brother William Green, Grand Secretary. At the quarterly session of June 23rd, 1868, Lincoln Lodge was represented for the first time by Brother Hannibal S. King, who has since gone to his long rest. Thus from time to time, the two Grand Lodges kept their organizations in fact. But as the membership in- creased, as the members of the two sides commingled in social and friendly ways in their respective communi- ties, the desire for a union manifested itself, and the matter was talked over by prominent members of both Grand Lodges; and as a result a conference of the two Grand Lodges was held in St. Luke's Hall on Franklin street in Eichmond, on the 9th day of December, 1873. This body was presided over Jjy Brother E. D. Eeckley, of Alexandria, of the Union Grand Lodge, while Brother James H. Jones, of Petersburg, of the 74 mssss* Ancient York Grand Lodge, acted as Secretary; Bro- ther James E. Fuller was Assistant Secretary, and Bev. H. Marshall was Chaplain. This conference adopted a basis of union, the reso- lution being offered by Eev. Brother H. Marshall, and amended by Brother Thomas G. Gladman of Lynch- burg, as follows: Whereas, We, the members of the Masonic Con- ference Committee of the Grand Lodge of Ancient York Masons of the State of Virginia, and Union Grand Lodge of the State of Virginia, assembled in St. Luke's Hall, Franklin street, Eichmond, Va., on the 9th day of December, 1873, the following plan for the consolidation of the above named Grand Lodges, was agreed to by the Conference. Having done all we can to effect a union by series of resolu- tions, amendments and substitutes, and having failed in all attempts in that direction, therefore be it Besolved, That we, the Ancient York Masons of the State of Virginia, earnestly ask that the Union Grand Lodge of the State of Virginia, now in session in the city of Eichmond; when its session adjourns it will meet with the Grand Lodge Ancient York Masons of Virginia at our next regular Annual Grand Commani- cation in June 1874, and that the business of our Grand Lodge pertaining to its regular course will cease and our earnest attention will be given to effecting a anion of both Grand bodies by the election of a Grand Master for the State of Virginia. Both Grand Mas- ters shall be in the chair meanwhile, and then and there shall surrender their gavels to the Grand Mas- MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 16 ter elect. By so doing, there will be no sacrifice of principles on either side, and each Grand Lodge shall cease to issue charters from this date. The foregoing statement was published as an ap- pendix to the minutes of the Ancient York Grand Lodge for 1874, and was signed by the following brethren, who represented that body in the Con- ference, viz: Eev. Henry Marshall, Z. A. Langley, John R. Smith, D. J. Butts, John H. Harris, Mat- thew B. Thomas, Lewis H. Carter, Joseph Coleman, George H. Dabney, James H. Jones, Manson Logwood, Thomas Hill and Joseph Cox. The statement is also made in this appendix, that the other (Union) Grand Lodge failed to meet as agreed to by its conferrees. With affairs in this condition it might have ap- peared that the union of the craft was indefinitely, or even permanently postponed ; but such was not the case. The brethren were really in earnest and they" continued their agitation of the subject until they succeeded in arranging for a joint meeting of the two Grand Lodges in Petersburg, on the fifteenth day of December, 1875. THE UNITED GRAND LODGE. This meeting was held under the plan provided by the conference of 1873, and after an all night session in the Harrison Street Baptist Church, their labors culminated in the organization of the M. W. United Grand Lodge, by a union of the Union (Ifational Com- pact) Grand Lodge with seventeen subordinate lodges 76 HAEBIS' and the Ancient York Grand Lodge with eighteen snbordinates. The elective officers who were chosen by the now united Grand Lodge, were M. W. James E. Fuller, Norfolk, Grand Master; E. W. John W. Toney, Eichmond, Deputy Grand Master; E. W. Thomas G. Gladman, Lynchburg, Senior Grand War-, den; E. W. Edward L. Stokes, Petersburg, Junior Grand Warden; E. W. E. A. Perkins, Lynchburg, Grand Secretary; E. W. James Stewart, Eichmond, Grand Treasurer, and E. W. C. E. Foster, Charlottes- ville, Grand Lecturer. In honor of this event a grand street parade took place and at night a public address was delivered in the Harrison Street Baptist Church, by Eev. W. B. Derrick, of Eichmond; and later the wives and lady friends of the Petersburg Masons ten- dered the Grand Lodge a banquet. Of the thirty five lodges of which the Grand Lodge was composed at this time, four of them have ceased to work. They are St. John's, No. 5, at Portsmouth; Warren, No. 14, at Eichmond; Orient, No. 22, at Alexandria^ and Prince Hall, No. 29, at Lynchburg. But in their stead, there have been constant additions to our membership, until the Warrant issued to Hiram Abiflf Lodge in the year 1900, bore the number 90. Of the original officers, all, down to the Junior Grand Warden, have served as Grand Master; Brother E. A. Perkins has gone to join the Grand Lodge above, and Brother James Stewart, though living, is dead to the craft. The others are still active and honored craftsmen in their several communities. Thus we have traced the history of Masonry in Vir- J^^^ ■-"'-f ^^, HHhhiii^ ! .^d^^^^H^^^^^H^^B^^^^I^^^^^^^^Hl^^^IrT .N^p^MMaK. '^s/kkSk^ ^I^Hrv M. W. JAMES E. FULLER. THE FIRST GIIAND MASTEK OF THE United OKAND LODGE, ISTo. MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 77 giuia in a brief way, aud feel that we have shown, First, that Prince Hall and his associates had an honor- able and legal organization, which, with pride, could trace its ancestry to the Grand Lodge of England, which was the mother of Masonry in this country, for both the white and colored Masons. Second, that the two Grand Lodges of this State were the fruits of the organization plante'd by Prince Hall, himself, in Penn- sylvania, and of that planted by Pennsylvania into Maryland. Third, that the organization of the pres- ent Grand Lodge in the State having been effected in the usual and regular way, accepted by all recognized Masonic authorities, we bid our brethren point to their Mother Grand Lodge as a parent worthy of their pride and praise. CHAPTER X. THE CONSTITUTION OF MASONRY, OR AHIMAN REZON,* When during the reign of Athelstane, his brother Prince Edwin, of glorious memory, obtained from the King a Free Patent or Charter to Masons, imparting "power to regulate themselves, to amend what might happen amiss, and to hold a yearly communication in General Assembly," he accordingly summoned all the *This is the Masonic title for the Book of Constitutions. It is derived from three Hebrew words aAzm, brothers, manak, to prepare, and razon, the will or law; and signifies therefore literally "the law of prepared brothers." It contains the rules and regulations of the Order, an exposition of the duties of officer^, the rights of members, the detail of ceremonies to be used on various occasions, such as consecrations, funerals, etc.; and in fine, a sum- mary of all the fundamental principles of Masonry. To this book, refer- ence is to be made in all cases, where the by-laws of tbe Grand Lodge are silent, or not sutttCiently explicit.— AfacAe^'i Ltxican of Free Masonry. 78 HAEBIS' * * Masons in the realm to meet him in congrega- tion at York, who came and formed the Grand Lodge under him as their first Grand Master, Anno Domini 926. And we have authentic record for the fact that they brought many old writings, some in Greek, some in Latin, some in French, and other languages, and from the contents thereof they framed the Constitu- tions of the English Lodges, and made a law for themselves, to preserve and observe the same for all time to come. This Constitution, we have good reason to believe, continued the supreme law among the Fraternity, wheresoever dispersed, down to the year 1721, Sep- tember 29, at which time, as the records show, his Grace John Montagu, Duke of Montagu, being Grand Master, and with the Grand Lodge, ordered Brother James Anderson, A. M., Grand Senior Warden, to digest the same in a new and better form and method; and at a session of the Grand Lodge on 27th Decem- ber, 1721, said Grand Master Montagu presiding, at the desire of the Grand Lodge, appointed fourteen learned brothers to examine Brother Anderson's manu- script of the Constitution Book, and to make report. In Grand Lodge at the Fountain tavern in the Strand, in Ample Form, 25th March, 1722, his Grace the Duke of Montagu presiding, and the representa- tives of twenty-four Lodges. The said committee of fourteen reported that they had perused Brother Anderson's manuscript of the his- tory, charges, regulations and Master's songs, and after some amendments, had approved of the same; MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 79 upon which the Grand Lodge desired the Most Wor- shipful Grand Master to order the following to be printed, which was accordingly done, and has, with very slight modifications, continued to this day as the Constitution and Eegulations of Ancient Free and Accepted Masonry, and is emphatically The Boole of Constitutions, now in force throughout the civilized world, being thus of universal application to the in- terests of Masonry, should be well studied and under- stood by every Mason . Worshipful Brother Albert G. Mackey, in his truly valuable Lexicon, gives the following definition to "the Book of Constitution:" "The book containing the system of laws and cus- toms of the Fraternity; it is the same as the Ahiman Eezon. It is among the charges to a newly installed Master of a lodge, that he is to search the Book of Constitutions at all times, and cause it to be read in his lodge, that none may pretend ignorance of the excellent precepts it contains. This book, guarded by the Tiler's sword, constitutes the emblem in the Master's degree intended to admonish the Mason that he should be guarded in all his words and actions, preserving unsullied the Masonic virtues of silence and circumspection which are inculcated in that book." And he might have added, with advantage to Mas- ters of Lodges that it is emblematic of the great house- hold of Masonry in which the Initiates of the four quarters of the globe have an abiding and immediate interest by the selection of its members, and, there- fore, have entrusted every Master of a Lodge with an 80 HABRIS' officer called a Tiler, and armed him with a drawn sword to prevent the ingress of any unworthy member into the Institution of Masonry. — Doves Text Book. OF THE TEMPER AND QUALITIES REQUISITE IN THOSE WHO WOULD BE FREE AND ACCEPTED MASONS. Before we enter upon the duties of a Free Mason, in the various offices and stations to which he maybe called in the Lodge, it is proper to give some account of the temper and qualities which are absolutely re- quisite in all who aspire to partake of the sublime honors and advantages belonging to those who are initiated into the mysteries, and instructed in the art of Ancient Masonry. SECTION I. CONCERNING GOD AND RELIGION. Whosoever from love of knowledge, interest or curiosity, desires to be a Mason, is to know, that as his foundation and great corner stone, he is to believe firmly in the Eternal God, and to pay that worship which is due to Him as the great Architect and Gov- ernor of the Universe, A Mason is also obliged by his tenure to observe the moral law, as a true Noachida*; and if he rightly understands the Royal Art, he can- not tread in the irreligious paths of the unhappy liber- tine, or stupid atheist, nor, in any case, act against the great inward light of his own conscience. He will likewise shun the gross errors of bigotry and superstition; making a due use of his own reason, ac- *Son8 of Noab, the flist name for Free Masons. MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 81 cording to that liberty wherewith a Mason is made free. For although in ancient times, the Christian Masons were charged to comply with the usages of the coun- tries where they sojourned or worked, (being found in all nations, and of divers religions and persuasions,) yet it is now thought most expedient, that the brethren in general, should only be charged to adhere to the es- sentials of religion, in which all men agree; leaving each brother to his own private judgement, as to par- ticular modes and forms. Whence it follows that all Masons are to be good men and true — men of honor and honesty, by whatever religious names or persua- sions distinguished; always following that golden pre- cept, of "doing unto all men as they would that all men should do unto them." Thus,, since Masons, by their tenure, must agree in the three great articles of Noah, Brotherly Love, Ee- lief and Truth, Masonry becomes the centre of union among the brethren, and the happy means of concili- ating and cementing into one body, those who might otherwise have remained at a perpetual distance; thereby strengthening the divine obligations of re- ligion and love. SECTION II. CONCEENING GOVERNMENT AND THE CIVIL MAGISTEATE. Whoever will be a true Mason, is further to know, that by the rules of this art, his obligations as a sub- ject and citizen will not be relaxed but enforced. He is to be a lover of quiet; peccable and obedient to the 82 HAKEIS civil powers, which yield him protection, and are set over him where he resides or works, so far as they in- fringe not the limited bounds of reason and religion. Nor can a real Craftsman ever be concerned in plots against the State, or be disrespectful to the magistracy; because the welfare of his country is his peculiar care. But if any brother by forgetting for a time the rules of his Craft, and listening to evil counsels, should un- happily fall into a contrary conduct, he is not to be countenanced in his crimes or rebellion against the State; but he forfeits all benefits of the Lodge, and his fellows would refuse to associate or converse with him in private, while he continues in his crimes; that neither offence nor umbrage may be given to lawful government. But such a person is still considered as a Mason, his character as such being indefeasible; and hopes are to be entertained, that the rules of the Craft may again prevail with him, over every evil counsel and device that may have led him astray. Because of this quiet and meek temper of true Masons and their constant desire to adorn the countries where they reside with all useful arts, crafts and improve- ments, they have been from the earliest ages, encou- raged and protected by the wisest rulers of States and commonwealths; who have likewise thought it an honor to have their names enrolled among the Frater- nity. And thus Masonry having always flourished most in the most flourishing and peaceable times of every country, and having often suffered in a particu- lar manner through the calamitous effects of war, bloodshed, and devastation, the Craftsmen are there- MASONIC TEXT-BOOK, 83 fore the more strongly engaged to act agreeably to the rules of their art, in practicing peace and love; as far as possible with all men. SECTION III. CONCERNING PRIVATE QUALITIES AND DUTIES. In regard to himself, whoever would be a Mason, should know how to practise all the private virtues. He should avoid all manner of intemperance or excess, which might obstruct his performance of the laudable duties of his Craft, or lead him into crimes which would reflect dishonor on the Ancient Fraternity. He is to be industrious in his profession, and true to the lord and master he serves. He is to labor justly and not to eat any man's bread for nought, but to pay truly for his meat and drink. What leisure his labor allows, he is to employ in studying the arts and sciences with a diligent mind, that he may the better perform all his duties (as aforesaid) to his Creator, his country, his neighbor and himself. For, in a few words, "to walk humbly in the sight of God, to do justice, and love mercy," are the truly indispensable characteristics of a real Free and Accepted Mason. For the better attainment of these shining qualities, he is to seek and acquire, as far as possible, the vir- tues of patience, meekness, self denial, forbearance and the like, which give him the command over him- self, and enable him to govern his own family with affection, dignity and prudence; at the same time checking every disposition injurious to the world, and promoting that love and service which brethren of the 84 HABBIS' same Lodge or household owe to each other. There- fore afford succor to the distressed, to divide our bread with the industrious poor, and to put the misguided traveller into the way, are qualities inherent in the Craft, and suitable to its dignity. But though a Mason is never to shut his ear unkindly to the com- plaints of any human species, yet when a brother is oppressed or suffers, he is in a more peculiar manner called to open his whole soul in love and compassion to him, and to relieve without prejudice, according to his capacity. It is further necessary, that all who would be true Masons, should learn to abstain from malice and slan- der, evil-speaking, backbiting, unmannerly, scornful, provoking, reproachful and ungodly language; and that he should know how to obey those that are set over him, on account of their superior qualifications as Masons, however they may be in worldly rank or station. For although Masonry divests no man of his temporal honors or titles, but on the contrary, highly respects them, yet in the lodge, pre-eminence of vir- tue and knowledge in the Eoyal Art, is considered as the true fountain of all nobility, rule and government. The last quality and virtue which I shall mention as absolutely requisite in all those who would be Ma- sons, is that of SECKEOY, which, indeed, from its im- portance, ought to have held the first place in this chapter, if it had not been intended to treat of it more fully, as a conclusion of the whole. So great stress is laid upon this particular virtue, that it is enforced among Masons under the strongest MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 85 penalties and obligations, nor, in their esteem, is any man to be counted wise who is void of intellectual strength and ability to cover and conceal such honest secrets as are committed to him, as well as his own more serious affairs. Both sacred and profane history teach us, that numerous virtuous attempts have failed of their intended scope and end through defect of secret concealment. The ancient philosophers and wise men (the princes of whom were Masons) were so fully persuaded of the great virtue of secresy that it was the first lesson which they taught their pupils and followers. Thus in the school of Pythagoras we find it was a rule that every novitiate was to be silent for a time, and refrain from speaking, unless when a question was asked, to the end that the valuable secrets which he had to communicate might be the better preserved and valued. Lycurgus made a perpetual law, obliging every man to keep se- cret whatever was committed to him, unless it were to the injury of the state. And Cato, the Eoman Censor, told his friends, that of three things (if ever he happened to be guilty) he always repented, viz: 1st. If he di- vulged a secret; 2d. If he went on water when he might stay on dry land; and 3d. If he suffered a day to pass without doing (or endeavoring to do) some good. We also read that the Persian law punished the betraying of a secret more grievously than any other common crime. Nor is the virtue of secresy recommended only by the wisest heathen philosophers and law-givers, but likewise by the fathers of the church and by inspired writers. 86 HABBIS St. Ambrose places the patient gift of silence among the principal foundations of virtue, and the wise King Solomon deems the man unworthy to reign, or have any rule over others, who cannot command himself and keep his own secrets. A discoverer of secrets, he deems infamous and a traitor; but him that conceals them, he accounts a faithful brother. "A tale bearer," says he, "revealeth secrets; but he that is a faithful spirit concealeth them. Discover not a secret to another, lest he that heareth it put thee to shame, and thine infamy turn not away. He that keepeth his tongue, keepeth his own soul." To the same pur- pose in the book of Bcclesiasticus (chap, xxvii.) we meet with the following beautiful passages, worthy to be forever recorded in the hearts of all Masons: "Whosoever discovereth secrets, loseth his credit, and shall never find a friend to his mind. Love thy friend, and be faithful unto him; but if thou bewray- est his secrets, follow no more after him: for as a man hath destroyed his enemy, so hast thou lost the love of thy neighbor. As one that letteth a bird go out of his hand, so hast thou let thy neighbor go, and shall not get him again. Follow after him no more, for he is too far off; he is as a roe escaped out of the snare. As for a wound, it may be bound up; and after revil- ing, there may be reconcilement; but he that bewray- eth secrets is without hope." Thus far has been spoken of the internal qualities and virtues required in all who aspire to the sublime honor and advantage of becoming Free and Accepted Masons. We speak next of the external qualities, MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 87 and the steps to be parsued, in order to obtain initia- tion and admission into a duly warranted lodge of Ancient York Masons. Be it known to you, then, in the first place, that no person is capable of becoming a member of such lodge, unless, in addition to the qualities and virtues men- tioned above, or at least a disposition and capacity to seek and acquire them, he is also "free born, of ma- ture and discreet age; of good report; of sufficient natural endowments, and the senses of a man; with a.n estate, office, trade, occupation, or some visible way of acquiring an honest livelihood, and of working in his Craft, as becomes the members of this most ancient and honorable Fraternity, who ought not only to earn what is sufficient for themselves and families, but like- wise something to spare for works of charity and for supporting the ancient grandeur and dignity of the Eoyal Craft. Every person desiring admission, must also be upright in body, not deformed or dismem- bered at the time of making, but of hale and entire limbs, as a man ought to be." Thus, you see, a strict, though private and impar- tial inquiry, will be made into your character and ability before you can be admitted into any Lodge; and by the rules of Masonry, no friend who may wish to propose you can show you any favor in this respect. But if you have a friend who is a Mason, and is every way satisfied in these points, his duty is described as follows, viz: 88 HAEKIS SECTION IV. CONCERNING THE PROPOSING OF NEW MEMBERS IN A LODGE. \ Every person desirous of being made a Free Mason in any Lodge, shall be proposed by a member thereof, who shall give an account of the candidate's name, age, quality, title, trade, place of residence, description of his person, and other requisites as mentioned in the foregoing sections. And it is generally required that such proposal be also seconded by some one or more members, who likewise know something of the candi- date. Such proposal shall also be made in lodge hours, at least one lodge night before initiation, in order that the brethren may have 8u£5.cient time and opportunity to make a strict inquiry into the morals, character, circumstances and connections of the candi- date, for which purpose a special committee is some- times appointed. The brother who proposes a candidate, shall at the same time deposit such a sum of money for him as the rules or By-laws of the Lodge may require, which is forfeited to the Lodge, if the candidate should not at- tend according to his proposal; but is to be returned to him, if he should not be approved or elected. In case he is elected, he is to pay (in addition to his de- posit) such further sum as the laws of the Lodge may require, and clothe the Lodge, or make some other present, if his circumstances will admit, and the brethren agree to accept the same for the benefit of the Craft, and of distressed members.* *Fonnerly candidates would either present each member a present or make a donation to the general Charity fund. But in these latter times the custom prevails to have candidates to furnish a supper or some form of re- freshment on the night of their making. MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 89 Having shown that a strict enquiry will be made into their character, justice requires that the candi- dates should also be advised to be alike circumspect on their side, and to make enquiry into the character of the Lodge into which they desire admission ; for there is no excellence without its opposite, and no true coin without counterfeits. In the first place, then, they have a right before admission, to desire their friend to show them the Warrant or Dispensation by which the Lodge is held; which, if genuine, they will find to be an instrument printed or written upon parchment, and signed by the Grand Master, and Grand Secretary, sealed with the Grand Lodge seal, constituting particular persons (therein named) as Master, Senior and Junior War- dens, with full power to congregate and hold a Lodge at such place, and therein "make and admit Free Masons, according to the most ancient and honorable custom of the Craft, (in all ages and nations) through- out the known world; with full power and authority to nominate and choose their successors," &c. They may request the perusal of the By-laws, which, being short, may be read in the presence of his friend, or vouched; and they may be shown also a list of the members of the Lodge, by all which, the candidates will be the better able to judge whether they would choose to associate with them, and submit to be con. formable to their rules. Being thus free to judge for himself, he will not be liable to the dangers of decep- tion, nor of having his pocket picked by impostors, and of, perhaps, being afterwards laughed at into the 90 HAEEIS' bargain; but, on the contrary, he will be admitted into a Society, where he will converse with men of honor and honesty, be exercised in all the offices of brotherly love, and be made acquainted with mysteries of which it is not lawful to speak further, or to reveal out of the Lodge. CHAPTER II. In this Chapter, under proper heads, we give the general regulations now in force, in all well regulated lodges. SECTION I. CONCERNING A LODGE AND ITS GOVERNMENT. 1. A Lodge, or more properly a lodge room, is a place in which Masons meet to work. The assembly or organized body of Masons is also called a Lodge, (just as the word church is expressive both of the con- gregation of people and of the place in which they meet to worship. It is ofBcered by a Master, a Senior and a Junior Warden, Secretary, Treasurer, a Senior and a Junior Deacon, two Stewards, and a Tiler. 2. The qualities of those who are to be admitted as members of a Lodge have been fully mentioned in the foregoing chapter, and it is only necessary to repeat here in general, that they are to be "free men of good report, of mature age, hale and sound, not deformed or dismembered at the time of their making, and no woman or eunuch." 3. A Lodge ought to assemble for work at least once in each calendar month, and must consist of one Master, two Wardens — Senior and Junior, one Secre- MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 91 tary, one Treasurer, a Tiler and as many members as the Master and a majority of the Lodge shall, from time to time, think proper; but when a Lodge comes to be too numerous, some of the ablest master work- men, and others under their direction, may obtain leave to separate and apply to the Grand Lodge for a Warrant to work by themselves, in order to the farther advancement of the Craft, as the laws hereafter to be delivered will more particularly show. But such Warrant cannot be granted to any number of Masons, nor can a new Lodge be formed unless there be aniong them three competent Master Masons, to be nominated and installed officers for governing and instructing the brethren of such Lodge, and promoting them in due time according to their merit. 4. When men of eminent quality, learning, rank or wealth apply to be made and admitted into the Lodge, they are to be accepted with proper respect after due examination, for among such are often found those who afterwards prove good Lords or founders of work, excellent officers and the ablest de- signers, to the great honor and strength of the Lodge. From among them also the Fraternity can generally have some honorable or learned Grand Master and other Grand Officers. But still these brethren are equally subject to all the charges and regulations, ex- cept in what more immediately concerns operative Masons and their preferment, as well as the prefer- ment of all other Masons, must be governed by the general rule; that is to say, founded upon real worth and personal merit, and not upon mere seniority, or any other particular rank or quality. 92 HABRIS' 5. In order that due decorum may be observed while the Lodge is engaged in what is serious and solemn, and for the better preservation of secrecy and good harmony, a brother well skilled in the Mas- ter's part, shall be appointed and paid for tiling the lodge door during the time of communication. 6. Every Lodge shall keep a book containing their By-laws, the names of their members, with a list of all the Lodges under the same Grand Lodge, and united in general communication; with the usual times and places of meeting of such Lodges, and such other necessary parts of their transactions as are proper to be written. 7. No Lodge shall make more than five new breth- ren at one time, unless by Dispensation from the Grand Master, nor shall any person be made or admit- ted a member of the Lodge without being proposed one month before, (unless in particular cases,) that due notice may be given to all the members, to make the necessary enquiries into the candidate's character and connections, and that there may be such unanimity in the election and admission of members as the By-laws require, because unanimity is essential to the being of every Lodge; and, therefore, no member can be im- posed on any Lodge, by any power whatever, with- out their consent; nor would it be proper to admit any brother to work among them who has openly violated the sacred principles of Masonry, until undoubted proof of his reformation has been given, lest the har- mony of the Lodge might be thereby disturbed: and not then, till a certificate is produced of his having MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 93 paid all arrearages to that lodge of which he was last a member; for should any lodge admit a brother, who is in arrears to any other lodge, the lodge where he is admitted makes the debt their own. S. As every Lodge has a right to keep itself an en- tire body, it ought never to interfere in the business of another Lodge. Therefore it would be highly im- proper in any Lodge to confer a degree on a brother who is not of their household; for every lodge ought to be competent to their own business, and are indubitably the best judges of the qualifications of their own mem- bers; and it does not follow as of course, that a bro- ther admitted among the household as an Apprentice, to learn the Eoyal Art, is capable of taking charge of that household, however skilled he may be in his ap- prenticeship; for there are many very necessary quali- fications essential in those who are promoted to the higher orders. 9. As the officers of every lodge are the proper representatives of their own lodge in Grand Lodge, still for the sake of equal representation, the officers are allowed proxies, when unable to attend them- selves, which proxies must be appointed by the ma- jority of every particular Lodge when duly congre- gated, and their appointment shall be attested by the Secretary, with the seal of their Lodge. And every Lodge has the privilege of instructing their Master and Wardens, or their proxies, for their conduct in the Grand Lodge at its communications. 10. Every brother ought to be a member of some Lodge, nor is it proper that any number of brethren 94 HABRIS' shoald withdraw or separate themselves from the Lodge in which they were made, or were afterwards ad- mitted members, without a snf&cient cause, although the right is an inherent one, and can never be re- strained by any power whatever; still, snch separation would be improper, unless the Lodge becomes too numerous for working; in which case a sufficient number may withdraw with the approbation of their Lodge, in order to form a new one; But before ap- plication can be made to the Grand Lodge, they shall pay all dues to their Lodge, and give them notice in writing that they intend to apply to the Grand Lodge for a Warrant to form a new one. The Lodge then shall certify to the Grand Lodge the cause of the application, and at the same time shall recommend the most competent brethren as Master and Wardens, before they can obtain the Warrant. And no set of Masons, without such Warrant, shall ever take upon themselves to work together or form a new Lodge. SECTION II. OF THE ANCIENT M4NNER OF CONSTITDTING A LODGE. A new Lodge, for avoiding many irregularities, should be solemnly Constituted by the Grand Master, with his Wardens, and such repesentatives of the Grand Lodge as he may select, or in the Grand Mas- ter's absence, the Deputy or such appointee as the Grand Master may designate, acts for his Worship, and appoints others to act as Grand Wardens pro tempore. The Lodge being opened, and the candidates or MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 95 new Master and Wardens being yet among their fel- low craftsmen, the Grand Master shall ask his Deputy if he has examined them, and whether he finds the Master well skilled in the noble science and the Royal Art, and duly instructed in our mysteries, &c. The Deputy answering in the affirmative, shall (by the Grand Master's order) take the candidate from amongst his fellows, and present him to the Grand Master, saying: "Most Worshipful Grand Master, the brethren here desire to be formed into a regular Lodge, and I present my worthy Brother A. B. to be installed their Master, whom I know to be of good ' morals and great skill, true and trusty, and a lover of the whole Fraternity, wheresoever dispersed over the face of the earth." Then the Grand Master, placing the candidate on his left hand and having asked and obtained the unanimous consent of the brethren, shall say, (after some other ceremonies and expressions.) "I con- stitute and form these good brethren into a regular Lodge, and appoint you. Brother A. B. the Master of it, not doubting of your capacity and care to preserve the cement of the Lodge," &c. Upon this the Deputy, or some other brother for him, shall rehearse the charge of a Master, and the Grand Master shall ask the candidate, saying: "Do vou submit to these charges as Masters have done in all ages:" and the new Master signifying his cordial submission thereto, the Grand Master shall by certain significant ceremonies and ancient usages, install him and present him with his Warrant, the Book of Con- stitutions, the Lodge book, and the instruments of 96 HAEEIS' his office, one after another, and each of them, the Grand Master, his Deputy, or some brother for him, shall rehearse the short and . pithy charge, that is suitable to the thing presented Next, the members of this new Lodge, saluting in proper form; the Grand Master, shall return his wor- ship their thanks, and shall immediately do homage to their Master, and (as faithful Craftsmen) signify their promise of subjection and obedience to him, by usual congratulations. The Deputy and Grand Wardens, and any other brethren that are not members of this new Lodge, shall next congratulate the new Master; and he shall return his becoming acknowledgements, first to the Grand Master and Grand Officers, and to the restin their order. Then the Grand Master orders the new Master to enter immediately upon the exercise of his office; and he calling forth his Senior Warden, presents him to the Grand Master for his worship's approbation, and to the new Lodge for their consent; upon which the Senior or Junior Grand Warden, or some brother for him, shall rehearse the charge of a Warden, &c., of a private Lodge, and he signifying his cordial submis- sion thereto, the new Master shall present him singly, with the several instruments of his office, and in an- cient manner and due form install him in his propert place. In like manner the new Master shall call forth his Junior Warden, who shall be a Master Mason, and tThe Grand Wardens generally install the Wardens at new Constitutions, as being best qualified for transacting such business. MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 97 present him (as above) to the Junior Grand Warden, or some other brother ia his stead; and he shall in the above manner be installed in his proper place; and the brethren of this new Lodge shall signify their obedience to their new Wardens, by the usual con- gratulations due to Wardens. The Grand Master then gives all the brethren joy of the Master and Wardens, &c., and recommends harmony, &c., hoping their only contention will be a laudable emulation in cultivating the Royal Art, and the social virtues. Then the Grand Secretary, or some brother for him, (by the Grand Master's order), in the name of the Grand Lodge, declares and proclaims this new Lodge duly constituted No. — , &c. Upon which all the new Lodges together, (after the custom of Masters,) return their hearty and sincere thanks for the honor of his Constitution. The Grand Master also orders the Grand Secretary to register this new Lodge in the Grand Lodge book, and to notify the same to the other particular Lodges; and after some other ancient customs and demonstrations of joy and satisfaction, he orders the Senior Grand Warden to close the Lodge. SECTION HI. CONOEENING THE BEHAVIOE OF MASONS AS MEMBERS OF A LODGE. 1. 0^ Attendance. Every brother ought to belong to some regular Lodge, and should always appear therein properly 98 HABBIS' clothed, and in clean and decent apparel, truly sub jecting himself to all its By-laws and general regula- tions. He must attend all meetings, whether stated or emergent, when duly summoned, unless he can offer to the Master and Wardens such plea of necessity for his absence as the said laws and regulations admit. By the ancient rules and usages of Masonry, (which are generally adopted among the By-laws of every Lodge,) no plea was judged sufficient to excuse any absentee, unless he could satisfy the Lodge that he was sick, lame, in confinement, upwards of three miles from the place of meeting, or detained by some ex- traordinary and unforeseen necessity. 2. Of Working. All Masons should work hard and honestly on work- ing days, that they may live reputably, and appear in a decent and becoming manner on holidays. All the working hours appointed by law, or confirmed by cus- tom, are to be strictly observed under the penalties and fines hereafter to be laid down. The hours of work are "from eight o'clock in the evening till eleven, between March and September, and from seven till ten, between September and March," or such hour as the By-Laws may appoint. The Master and Masons shall faithfully finish the Lord's work, whether task or journey; nor shall they take the work at task, which have been accustomed to journey. None shall envy a brother's prosperity; nor sup- plant or put him out of his work, if capable to finish it. All Masons shall meekly receive their wages with- MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 99 out murmuring or mutiny, nor desert the matter till the Lord's work is finished. They must avoid all un- becoming modes of expression, calling each other Brother and Fellow, both within and without the Lodge, with much courtesy as beseemeth. They shall instruct the younger brothers to become bright and expert workmen, that the Lord's materials be not spoiled. But as Free and Accepted Masons, they must not allow cowans to work with them, nor even be themselves employed by cowans, without an urgent necessity. And when such necessity happens, they shall have a separate communication, and not suffer cowans to learn from them, nor any laborer to be employed in the proper work of Free Masons. 3. Of Behavior in the Lodge while open. While the Lodge is open for work, Masons must hold no private conversation or committees, without leave from the Master; nor talk of anything foreign or impertinent to the work in hand; nor interrupt the Master or Wardens, or any other brother addressing himself to the chair; nor act ludicrously while the Lodge is engaged in what is serious and solemn; but every brother shall pay due reverence to the Master, the Wardens, and all his Fellows, and put them to worship. Every brother found guilty of a fault shall stand to the award of the Lodge, unless he appeals to the Grand Lodge; but if the Lord's work be hindered in the meanwhile, a particular reference may be made. No private piques, or quarrels about nations, fami- lies, religions or politics, must be brought within the 100 HABBIS' doors of the Lodge, as being directly contrary to the rales already laid down — Masons being declared of the oldest Catholic religion, universally acknowledged as such, and of all nations, bound to live upon the square, level and plumb with each other, following the steps of their predecessors, in cultivating the peace and harmony of the Lodge, without distinction of sect or political party. i. Of behavior after the Lodge is closed, and he fore the Brethren depart home. When the Lodge is closed, and the labors of the day finished, the brethren before they depart home to their rest, may enjoy themselves with innocent mirth, enlivened and exalted with their own peculiar songs, and sublime pieces of music, treating one another according to ability, but avoiding all excess and compulsion, both in eating and drinking; consid- ering each other in the hours both of labor and festivity as always free. And, therefore, no brother is to be hindered from going home when he pleases; for although after Lodge hours, Masons are as other men, yet if they should fall into excess, the blame, though unjustly, may be cast upon the Fraternity by the ignorant or envious world. SECTION IV. CONCERNING THE BEHAVIOE OF MASONS IN THEIB PEIVATE CHAEACTEB. 1. When a number of Brethren happen to meet, with- out any Strangers among them, and not in a formal Lodge. In such a case you are to salute each other in a MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 101 courteous manner, as you are or may be instructed in the Lod^e, calling each other brother, and freely communicating hints of knowledge, but without dis- closing secrets, unless those who have given long proof of their taciturnity and honor; and taking care in all your actions and conversations, that you are neither overseen or overheard of strangers. In this friendly intercourse no brother shall derogate from the respect due to another, were he not a Mason. For though all Masons, as brothers, are upon the level, yet Masonry (as was said in a former section) divests no man of the honors due to him before, or that may become due after he was made a Mason. On the contrary, it increases his respect, teaching us to add to all his other honors those which, as Masons, we cheerfully pay to an eminent brother, distin- guishing him above all of his rank and station, and serving him readily according to our ability. 2. 'When in presence of Strangers, who are not Masons. Before those who are not Masons, you must be cautious in your words, carriage and motions; so that the most penetrating stranger shall not be able to discover what is not proper to be intimated. The impertinent and ensnaring questions, or ignorant and idle discourse of those who seek to pry into the secrets and mysteries committed to you, must be prudently answered and managed, or the discourse wisely diverted to another subject, as your discretion and duty shall direct. 3. When at Home and in your Neighborhood. Masons ought to be moral men, and fully qualified 102 fiABKIs' as is required in the foregoing sections and charged. Consequently they should be good husbands, good parents, good sons and good neighbors, not staying too long from home, avoiding all excess injurious to themselves or families, and wise as to all affairs, both of their own household and of the Lodge, for certain reasons known to themselves. 4. Of Behavior towards a Foreign Brother or Stranger. You are cautiously to examine a stranger or foreign brother, as prudence and the rules of the Craft direct, that you may not be imposed upon by a pre- tender; and if you discover any one to be such, you are to reject him with seorn and shame, taking care to give him no hints; but such as are found to be true and faithful you are to respect as brothers, according to what is directed above; relieving them, if in want, to your utmost power; or directing them how to find relief, and employing them, if you can, or else recom- mending them to employment. 5. Of Behavior behind a Brother^ s hack as well as before his face. Free and Accepted Masons have ever been charged to avoid all manner of slandering and backbiting of true and faithful brethren, with all malice and unjust resentment, or talking disrespectfully of a brother's person or performance. Nor must they suffer any others to spread unjust reproaches or calumnies against a brother behind his back, nor to injure him in his fortune, occupation or character; but they shall itASONfO tEiT-BOOK. 163 defend such a brother, and give him notice of any danger or injury wherewith he may be threatened, to enable him to escape the same, as far as is consistent with honor, prudence, and the safety of rehgion, moraUty and the state, but no further. 6. Concerning Differences and Law Suits, if any should unhappily arise among Brethren. If a brother do you an injury, or if you have any difference with him about any worldly or temporal business or interest, apply first to your own or his Lodge to have the matter in dispute adjusted by the brethren. And if either party be not satisfied with the determination of the Lodge, an appeal may be carried to the Grand Lodge, and you are never to enter into a law suit, till the matter cannot be decided as above. And if it be a matter that wholly concerns Masonry, law suits are to be entirely avoided, and the good advice of prudent brethren is to be followed, as they are the best referees of such differences. But where references are either impracticable or un- successful, and courts of law or equity must at last decide, you must still follow the general rules of Ma- sonry already laid down, avoiding all wrath, malice, rancor and personal ill-will in carrying on a suit with a brother, neither saying or doing anything to hinder the continuance or renewal of that brotherly love and friendship which are the glory and cement of this Ancient Fraternity. Thus shall we show to all the world the benign in- fluence of Masonry, as wise, true and faithful brethren before us have done from the beginning of time; and 104 HABBIS' as all who shall follow ns and would be thought worthy of that name will do, till architecture shall be dissolved, with the great fabric of the world, in the last general conflagration ! These charges, and such others as shall be given to you, in a way that cannot be written, you are strict- ly and conscientiously to observe; and that they may be the better observed, they should be read or made known to new brethren at their making, and at other times, as the Master shall direct. Amen! So mote it be. SECTION V. OF THE MASTEB OF A LODGE, HIS ELECTION, OFFICE AND DUTY. No brother can be Master of a lodge till he has first served the office of Warden somewhere, unless in extraordinary cases, or when a new lodge is to be formed, and no past or former Warden is to be found among the members. In such cases, three Master Masons, although they have served in no former offices, (if they be well learned,) may be constituted Master and Wardens of such new Lodge, or any Lodge in the like emergency. The Master of every Lodge shall be chosen by bal- lot on the stated Lodge night before each St. John's day; and the present Wardens (where they regularly are) shall be put up among the number of candidates for the chair, but shall then withdraw, while every free member {viz: all who have paid up their fines and dues, or have been excused payment according to law) gives his vote in favor of him whom he deems most worthy. Each free member hath one vote, and MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 105 the Master two votes, where the number of votes hap- pens to be equal, otherwise he has but one vote. When the ballot is closed, and before it be examined, the former Master shall order the candidates to be brought back before him, and to take their seats again as Wardens. He shall then carefully examine the poll, and audibly declare him that hath the ma- jority of votes duly elected. The Master elect shall then nominate one for the Senior Warden's chair, and the present Master and brethren shall nominate one in opposition; both of whom shall withdraw till the ballot is closed as afore- said, after which they shall be called before the Master, and the poll shall be examined and declared by him as above directed; in like manner shall the Lodge proceed in the choice of all the inferior offi- cers, great care being taken that none be put in nomi- nation for favor or affection, birth or fortune, exclu- sive of the consideration of real merit and ability, to fill his office for the honor and advancement of Ma- sonry. No Mason chosen into any office can refuse to serve without incurring the penalties laid down in the chapter of fines, unless he has served in the same office before. The Master of every regular Lodge, thus duly elected and installed, has it in his special charge (as appurtenant to his office, duty and dignity) to see that the By-laws of his Lodge, as well as the general regulations from the Grand Lodge, be duly observed; that his Wardens discharge their office faithfully, and be examples of diligence and sobriety to the Craft; that true and exact minutes atfd entries of all proceedings be made and kept by the Secretary; 106 flAHBIs' that the Treasurer keep and render exact and just ac- counts at the stated times, according to the By-laws and orders of the Lodge; and in general, that all the goods and moneys belonging to the body be truly managed and dispensed, as if they were those of his own private household, according to the vote and di- rection of the majority, whether in charity or in working; and that no more wages than are just be given to any Fellow or Apprentice. fhe Master shall further take care that no Appren- tice or Fellow be taken into his house or Lodge, un- less he has sufficient employment for him, and finds him to be the son of honest parents, a perfect youth, without maim or defect in body, of full age, and other- wise duly qualified (according to the rules before laid down) for learning and understanding the sublime mysteries of the Art. Thus shall the Lords or Foun- ders be well served, and the Craft not despised. Thus also shall sueh Apprentices, when expert in the business of their apprenticeship, be admitted, upon further improvement, as Fellow Crafts; and in due time, be raised to the sublime degree of Master Ma- sons, capable themselves to undertake the Lord's work; animated with the prospect of passing in fu- ture through all the higher honors of Masonry, viz: those of Wardens and Masters of their Lodges, and perhaps, at length, Grand Wardens and Grand Mas- ters of all the Lodges, according to their merit. The Master of a particular Lodge has the right and authority of calling his Lodge, or congregating the members into a Chapter * at pleasure, upon the appli- *Tlus privilege is never exercised now in American lodges; the system of Royal Arch Chapters, having rendered it unnecessary. MASONIC TEkT-BOoM. 107 Cation of any of the brethren, and upon any emer- gency and occurrence, which in his judgment may require their meeting; and he is to fill the chair when present. It is likewise his duty, together with his Wardens, to attend the Grand Lodge at the quarterly communications, and also the Steward's Lodge, and such occasional or special Grand Comrhunications as the good of the Craft may require, when duly sum- moned by the Grand Secretary, and within such reasonable distance of the place of holding the Grand Lodge as the laws of the same may have ascertained on that head. When in the Grand or Steward's Lodge, and at General as well as Special Communi- cations, the Master and Wardens, or either of them, have full power and authority to represent their Lodge, and to transact all matters relative thereto, as well and as truly as if the whole body were there present. The Master has the right of appointing some Brother (who is most commonly the Secretary of the Lodge) to keep; the book of By-laws and other laws given to the Lodge by the proper authority; and in this book shall also be kept the names of all the members of the Lodge, and a list of all the Lodges within the said Grand Communication, with the usual times and places of their meeting. The Master has also the particular right of pre- venting the removal of his Lodge from one house to another; and whereas several disputes have arisen on this head, and it hath been made a question in whom the power of removing a Lodge to any new place is invested, when the old place of meeting appears to be 108 EABBIS inconvenient, the following rule for this purpose hath been finally agreed upon and settled by lawful au- thority, viz: "That no Lodge be removed without the Master's knowledge, nor any motion made for that purpose in the Lodge when he is absent. But if the Master be present, and a motion be made for moving the Lodge to some other more convenient place (within the dis- trict assigned in the Warrant of such Lodge), and if the said motion be seconded and thirded, the Master shall order summonses to every individual member of the Lodge, specifying the business and appointing a day for hearing and determining the affair, at least ten days before, and the determination shall be made ■by the majority. But if the Master is not of the ma- jority, the Lodge shall not be removed, unless full two-thirds of the members present have voted for such removal. "But if the Master refuse to direct such summons to be issued (upon a motion duly made as aforesaid), either of the Wardens may direct the same; and if the Master neglects to attend on the day fixed, the War- den may preside in determining the affair in the manner above prescribed. But the Lodge shall not, in the Master's absence (on such special call), enter upon any other cause or business but what is par- ticularly mentioned in the said summons. "If the Lodge is thus regularly ordered to be re- moved, the Master or Warden shall send notice to the Grand Secretary that such removal may be noti- fied and duly entered in the Grand Lodge books at the next Grand Lodge. MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 109 "N. B. It is also a good method to have a certifi- cate from the Grand Lodge that such removal hath been allowed; confirmed and duly registered in their books; which will be a business of course, unless an appeal be lodged against such removal by the minority, and then a hearing will be given to both parties in the Grand Lodge, before such removal be confirmed or registered in their books." The Master's duty in making and admitting new brethren, and some other particular duties of his offioe, being such as cannot be written, save on the tablet of his heart, are, therefore, not to be looked for in this place; and moreover such duties as more particularly belong to the Master and other officers of Lodges, when they sit as members of the Grand Lodge, are to be learned from the chapter which treats of the Grand Lodge. SECTION VI. OF THE WARDENS OF A LODGR, 1. None but Master Masons can be Wardens of a Lodge. The manner of their election, and several of their duties being connected with the election and duties of the Master, have been mentioned in the former section. 2. The Senior Warden succeeds to all the duties of the Master, and fills the chair when he is absent. Or if the Master goes abroad on business, resigns, demits or is deposed, the Senior Warden shall forth- with fill his place till the next stated time of election. And although it was formerly held that in such cases the Master's authority ought to revert to the last Past 110 HABBIS' Master who is present, yet it is now the settled rule that the authority devolves upon the Senior Warden, and in his absence upon the Junior Warden, even although a former Master be present. But the Wardens will generally waive this privilege in honor of any Past Master that may be present, and will call on him to take the chair, upon the presumption of his experience and skill in conducting the business of the Lodge. Nevertheless such Past Master still derives his authority under the Senior Warden, and cannot act till he congregates the Lodge. If none of the oflSeers be present, nor any former Master, to take the chair, the members according to seniority and merit, shall fill the places of the absent. officers. The business of the Wardens in the Lodge is generally to assist the Master in conducting the business thereof and managing the Craft in due order and form, when the Master is present, and in doing his duties (as above set forth) when he is necessarily absent; all which is to be learned from the foregoing section. Particular Lodges do likewise by their By- laws assign particular duties to their Wardens for their own better government; which such Lodges have a right to do — provided they transgress not the old land marks, nor in any degree violate the true genius and spirit of Masonry. SECTION VII. OF THE SECBETAET OP A LODGE. The Secretary shall keep a regular record of all transactions and proceedings of the Lodge that are fit to be committed to writing, which shall be faith- MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. Ill fully entered in the Lodge books, from the minutes taken in open Lodge after being duly read, amended (if necessary) and approved of, preferably before the close of every meeting, in order that the said trans- actions, or authentic copies thereof, may be ready to be laid before the Grand Lodge if required. .In particular, the Secretary shall keep exact lists of all the members of the Lodge, with the times of admission of new members; and upon or near every St. John's Day, before the meeting of the Grand Lodge, shall prepare and send to the Grand Secretary the list of members for the time being, which shall be signed by the regular officers of each Lodge; to the intent that the Grand Secretary, and consequently the members of the Grand Lodge may be at all times enabled to know the names and number of members in each Lodge under their jurisdiction, with the handwriting of the different officers (Masters and Secretarys), and to pay all due respect to the brethren recommended or certified by them from time to time. SECTION VIII. OF THE TEEASUBEK OP A LODGE. The Treasurer is to receive and keep exact accounts of all moneys raised or paid in, according to the rule for the advancement of the Lodge and benefit of the brethren, and to pay all orders duly drawn upon him by the authority of the Lodge. He is to keep regular entries, both of his receipts and disbursements, and to have his books and vouchers always ready for examination at such stated times as the By-laws re- 112 HABBIS' quire, or when specially called upon by order of the Master and brethren. The Treasurer is likewise to have the charge and custody of the chest, jewels and furniture of the Lodge, unless when the Master and majority may judge it more convenient to appoint some other re- sponsible brother for that particular duty, or when the officers of the Lodge may take the charge immediately upon themselves. The Warrant in particular is in the charge and custody of the Master- SECTION IX. OF THE DEACONS OF A LODGE. To the Senior and Junior Deacons, with such as- sistants as may be necessary, is entrusted the examina- tion of visitors. It is their province also to attend on the Master and Wardens, and to act as their proxies in the active duties of the Lodge, such as the recep- tion of candidates into different degrees of Masonry, and in the immediate practice of our rites. SECTION X. OF THE TILER OF A LODGE. The Tiler shall be a Master Mason, of knowledge and experience, and generally a brother is to be pre- ferred, to whom the fees of the office may be necessary and serviceable, on account of his particular cir- cumstances. His duty is fixed by custom, and known to every brother; and his chief charge is, not to admit any person, (not even a member, while the Lodge is sitting,) without the knowledge and consent of the presiding officer; neither shall he admit any visitor MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 113 (that is not a member of a Warranted Lodge) a se- cond time, sojourners producing certificates excepted. CHAPTEE III. SECTION I. OF A GBAND LODGE. 1. A Grand Lodge consists of the Masters and War- dens of all the regular Lodges in its jurisdiction, who, when duly assembled, have the inherent power to elect the Grand Officers, which are a Grand Master, Deputy Grand Master, Senior Grand Warden, Junior Grand Warden, Grand Secretary, Grand Treasurer, Grand Lecturer, Grand Senior Deacon, Grand Junior Deacon. 2. The Present Grand Officers, and all Past Grand Masters, and Past Grand Wardens and Past Masters of regular lodges under the same Grand jurisdiction, are members of the Grand Lodge, and to constitute a quorum for business it is necessary there should be the representatives of five regular lodges. 3. The Grand Lodge thus organized should meet at least once a year, and this meeting to be considered and denominated the Grand Annual Communication. The Grand Communication thus convened, shall have a right at all times, and possess an inherent power and authority to make local ordinances and new regu- lation, as well as to amend old ones, for their own particular benefit, and the good of Masonry in gen- eisA; provided always, that the ancient landmarks be carefully preserved, and that such regulations be first duly proposed in writing, for the consideration of all 114 HABKIS' the members, and be finally regularly enacted by the consent of the majority. This has never been dis- puted, for the members of every Grand Lodge are the representatives of all the Fraternity in Communica- tion, and are an absolute and independent body, with legislative authority: provided, as before ob- served, that the Grand Masonic Constitutions be pre- served inviolate; nor any of the landmarks removed. And at this Grand Lodge the different Lodges by their officers or representatives, shall attend with or without notice. 4. No brother whatever can be admitted into the Grand Lodge, unless he is a member of some regular Lodge; nor does the appointment of a brother to an office in the Grand Lodge prevent his holding an office in the private Lodge whereof he is a member. 5. A brother of the rank of Master, having business, or whose attendance may be necessary in point of evidence or intelligence, or any other brother, upon motion, or leave asked and obtained, may be admitted into the Grand Lodge; but such brother, being admit- ted, shall not be allowed to vote, nor have a right to speak on any question or matter in debate, without leave, or unless desired to give his opinion, and then he is to confine himself to matters that concern Ma- sonry only. 6. Every Master or Warden of a private Lodge, and all other members of the Grand Lodge, shall, whenever attending the same, be clothed in the jewels which they ought to wear in their own private Lodge, except for some good and sufficient reason to be allowed of in the Grand Lodge. And when any MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 115 officer of a private Lodge, from such urgent business as may necessarily plead his excuse, cannot personally attend the Grand Lodge, his own Lodge may nomi- nate and appoint any one of their members (being a Master Mason) with his jewels and clothing, to supply his place, and support the honor of his Lodge in the Grand Lodge: provided such deputy has a certificate of his appointment, with the seal of the Lodge, and attested by the Secretary. SECTION II, IN CASE OF THE ABSENCE OF ANY OF THE GRAND OFFICEES. 1. If the Grand Master is absent at any meeting of the Grand Lodge, either stated or occasional, the Deputy Grand Master is to supply his place; if the Deputy Grand Master be likewise absent, the Senior Grand Warden takes the chair; and in his absence, the Junior Grand Warden; and although by old regu- lations, the Master or Past Master of any private lodge, who has been longest a Mason, had the pre- ference of the chair, in the absence of the Grand Offi- cers, yet now the rule is, that the Master of the senior private Lodge who may be present, is to take the chair. Nevertheless, any of them may waive the privilege, to do honor to a Past Grand Officer, or any eminent brother and Past Master. In all cases, the brother filling the chair may nominate his Deputy, and call on any eminent brethren to fill the vacancies of the Grand Lodge pro tern. 2. The Grand Master at all times, when he finds he must necessarily be absent from any Lodge, still has the privilege of giving a special commission, under 116 HABBIS' his hand and seal of office, to any eminent brother, being a member of the Grand Lodge, to supply his place, if the Deputy Grand Master should not attend, or be necessarily absent. 3. In case of the death of a Grand Master, or any other Grand Officer the same order of succession and precedence shall take place, as is above set forth, till the next election; when they shall be regularly chosen and duly installed. SECTION III. OP THE PAETICULAE BUSINESS. 1. The business of the Grand Lodge at their stated Annual Communications is seriously to discourse of, and sedately to consider, transact and settle all mat- ters that concern the prosperity of the Graft, and the Fraternity in general, or private lodges, and single brothers in particular. Here, therefore, are all dif- ferences to be seriously considered and decided that cannot be made up and accommodated privately, nor by particular Lodges. And if any brother thinks himself aggrieved by the decision of any private Lodge, he may, by lodging an appeal in writing with the Grand Secretary (who shall summon the party and their witnesses to appear at the next ensuing Grand Communication), have the matter reheard, and finally determined upon; and the Grand Lodge may adjourn from day to day until the business is finished. And the Grand Master,, or presiding officer, when the Lodge is regularly opened, shall communicate to the Lodge the nature of whatever business is to come before them; and for the sake of itASolrto l?EtT-feOOfe. 11? admitting witnesses, it is esteemed most proper to try all matters of controversy in a committee of the Lodge; and in order thereto, the presiding officer shall direct a committee of the whole Lodge to meet in the Lodge room on the succeeding day for the aforesaid purposes; who shall examine and determine upon all and every kind of business that may be re- ferred to them, and make a report of their proceed- ings to the Grand Lodge on the same evening for their ratification. 2. In hearing all complaints and punishing delin- quents, according to the laws of the Craft, they are instructed to adhere most religiously to the old Hebrew regulation, viz: "If a complaint be made against a brother by another brother and he be found guilty, he shall stand to the determination of the Lodge; but if the accuser or complainant cannot support his charge, and it should appear to the Lodge to be groundless, being the result of hatred, malice or some unwarrantable passion, he shall incur such penalty as the accused would have done had he been duly convicted." 3. All matters of controversy before the Grand Lodge shall be determined by a majority of votes; that is to say, the Grand Master or presiding officer having one vote (unless in case of an equal division, and then two), the Deputy Grand Master one vote; the other Grand Officers for the time being one vote each; the Past Grand Officers one vote each and Past Masters collectively, one vote; and the officers, or their proxies, of each particular Lodge, collectively three votes. 118 HARRIS •4. The Grand Master or presiding officer shall for the sake of convenience in voting, direct every collective body to sit together that when a question is before the Lodge they may consult among them- selves how the vote shall be given, and when the question is put, either by holding up of hands, or otherwise, one of those collective bodies shall vote for the whole, and that duty should fall on the senior Mason. SECTION IV. OF PABTICULAB BEGULATIONS. 1. The election of the officers of the Grand Lodge shall be annual. The Grand Master shall be elected by a majority of ballots. The other Grand Officers shall also be elected by a majority of ballots agree- ably to the manner of voting laid down in the pre- ceding section; all of which elections shall be for one year, and until a new election shall take place. 2. Whenever application is made to the Grand Lodge by a sufficient number of brethren for a Char- ter to form a new Lodge the Grand Lodge shall not grant the Charter, unless the skill of the' petitioners as Masons and their good conduct as men will justify it. Great regard should always be had to the morals of such brethren as are entrusted with this important charge; therefore it is highly essential that when the petitioners are not sufficiently known to the mem- bers of the Grand Lodge that a certificate of their Masonic and moral characters, from two or more eminent brethren, showing them to be Master Masons, regularly made, should accompany the peti- MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 119 tion; this being done the Grand Lodge shall then issue a Charter, authorizing the petitioners, with such other brethren as they may call to their assistance, to enter Apprentices, pass Fellow Crafts, and raise Mas- ter Masons, agreeably to the ancient customs. 3. When a Lodge becomes too numerous for work- ing together, and application is made by some of the members for leave to separate and form a new Lodge, the cause of their separation should be cer- tified by their Lodge to the annual stated Qrand Communication, at the same time recommending the most proper and fitting brethren as officers of the new Lodge before a Charter shall issue. 4. The Grand Master, or in his absence out of the State, his Deputy may grant a Dispensation for form- ing a new Lodge, to continue in force until the next stated Grand Communication, provided the peti- tioners comply with the requisition in the preceding article; which Dispensation shall have the seal of the Grand Lodge, attested by the Grand Secretary, and entered by him in the book of proceedings — the fee for which shall be one guinea to the Grand Secretary. Still it shall rest with the Grand Lodge at their next Grand Communication, whether a Charter shall issue. 5. Whenever a Charter shall issue from the Grand Lodge, which can be done at no other time than in Grand Communication, they 3hall direct a Dispensa- tion to issue, signed by the presiding officer, with the seal of the Grand Lodge and attested by the Grand Secretary directed to some Past Master with the powers to appoint his Wardens, to install the officers of the new Lodge and set them to work 120 SAfiSls' agreeably to ancient customs and usages; but the Master of this new Lodge shall receive his degree in the presence of three Past Masters at least — all of which must be done before that Lodge can be en- titled to a representation in the Grand Lodge. 6. Every Charter issued from the Grand Lodge shall be signed by the Grand Master for the time being, or in case of his death or absence out of the State by the Deputy Grand Master, sealed with the seal of the Grand Lodge, and attested by the Grand Secretary, directed to three reputable brethren, authorizing them to call in other brethren to their assistance, and to enter Apprentices, pass Fellow Grafts and raise Master Masons, agreeably to ancient customs and usages; the fee for which shall be $33.33 for the purpose of Grand Charity and other contingencies; and $6.67 to the Grand Secretary, to be paid previous to the delivery of the Charter. 7. The members of the Grand Lodge, and of all Warranted lodges within their jurisdiction, so far as they have abilities and numbers, have an undoubted right to exercise all degrees of the Ancient Craft, but no Masons of any denomination can hold any Lodge, without a Warrant for the place where held. 8. That each person admitted to any degree of Ma- sonry in the Grand Lodge, shall pay a fee for the purpose of the Grand Charity. 9. Each Lodge on record, shall annually on the stated Grand Communication, pay to the Grand Treasury for the time being, as a support to the Grand Lodge, the sum of , for each and every member belonging to such Lodge. Masonic TEiT-iooK. l2l 10. The several Lodges on record shall transmit to the Grand Lodge annually, a list of all the officers and members composing each Lodge, distinguishing their rank and degree; together with such other mat- ters relating to the Craft in general, as may be deemed proper to communicate; and that the said list be re- corded by the Grand Secretary in a book to be set apart for that purpose; to the end that the Grand Lodge may at all times know the number of laborers engaged in this great work. 11. Every brother requiring a Grand Lodge cer- tificate or diploma, which is impressed in form and signed by the proper officers, and signed also opposite the seal by the member himself, shall pay to the Treasury the sum of , towards the Grand Charity Fund. Nor is any brother to be entitled to such certificate, without a previous certificate from the Lodge of which he is a member, setting forth his regular behavior, and that he has discharged regu- larly all Lodge dues. CHAPTEE IV. OF THE ELECTION, OPPICE AND DUTY OP THE GEAND OFFICEES. The election of Grand Officers shall be at the stated Communication, annually, and shall be the first busi- ness that comes properly before the Grand Lodge, after receiving the reports of the subordinate lodges represented. And the Grand Lodge being opened in ample form, the Most Worshipful Grand Master shall direct the Grand Lodge to proceed to the choice of Grand Officers for the ensuing year. 122 HABEIS' SECTION I. OF THE ELECTION OF THE GEAOT) MASTER. The Most Worshipful Grand Master in the chair, shall call on the Grand Lodge to nominate some emi- nent and skillful brother or brethren for the office of i&rand Master. Should there be but one in the nomi- nation, it shall be the indispensable duty of the Most Worshipful to nominate one other in the opposition: but if the present Grand Master is again eligible, and is then in the chair, and willing to serve another year, he shall direct his Deputy to nominate the one in op- position. The Grand Master shall, if eligible, be at all times in the nomination. The members shall then be directed to prepare their ballots for one of the brethren in the nomination, and when done, shall be collected by one of the Grand Deacons. The Worshipful Grand Master shall then call on two of the members to examine the ballots, and deliver to him in writing, the number of votes' each candidate shall have; when the Worshipful Grand Master shall cause the brother having the greatest number of votes, to be thrice proclaimed aloud by the Grand Secretary, Gkand Master of Masons! The Most Worshipful shall then cause the Grand Master elect to be conducted to the chair, and, after introducing him to the members as a brother skilled in the Royal Art, and a lover of the Craft, he shall be clothed with the badges of the office, and installed in due form. All the members shall then salute him according to the ancient and laudable customs of Masonry. MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 123 SECTION II. OP THE ELECTION OE APPOINTMENT OP THE DEPUTY GRAND MASTER. The Grand Master elect shall then nominate and appoint the Deputy Grand Master as being his in- herent right; because as the Grand Master is gen- erally a brother of the first eminence and abilities, and long experience, and cannot be supposed to give his attendance on every emergency, it hath always been adjudged needful, not only to allow him a Deputy, but that such Deputy should be a person in whom he can perfectly confide, and with whom he can have full harmony — for which reason it is proper that the Grand Master should have the nomination of his Deputy. Although cases may arise when the Grand Lodge may exercise the right of rejecting the Grand Master's nominations, and of choosing for themselves, of which case (although they seldom happen) the majority of the Lodge can only be judges. The Deputy Grand Master being thus chosen, or appointed as above, he shall be introduced, installed, congratulated and saluted in due form as before. SECTION III. OF THE ELECTION OF GRAND SENIOR WARDEN. The Grand Master elect shall then nominate some skillful brother as Grand Senior Warden, and the Grand Lodge have the inalienable right of nominat- ing one or more in opposition; (for an opposition is essentially necessary in the choice of all the ofiBcers,) and the person having the greatest majority of votes. 124 SAftSIs' or ballots, (still preserving due harmony) is declared, as before, duly elected. The Grand Senior Warden being thus elected, he shall be introduced, installed and saluted in due form as before. SECTION IV. OF THE ELECTION OF THE GRAND JUNIOB WARDEN. The election of the Grand Junior Warden is pre- cisely in the same manner as the Grand Senior War- den; but sometimes, for the sake of dispatch, both the Grand Wardens are elected together in balloting, by writing Senior opposite the name of one of the candi- dates, and Junior opposite the name of another. SECTION V. OF THE APPOINTMENT AND OFFICE OF GRAND SECRETARY. The office of Grand Secretary hath always been of very great importance in the Grand Lodge from the multiplicity of matters committed to his care, and from the abilities and learning requisite in the manage- ment of them. All the transactions of the Grand Lodge are to be drawn into form, and duly recorded by him. AH petitions, applications and appeals, are to pass through his hands. No Warrant, certificate or instrument of writing from the Grand Lodge, is au- thentic, without his attestation or signature, and his affixing the Grand Seal as the laws require. The general correspondence with Lodges and brethren over the whole world, is to be managed by him agreeably to the voice of the Grand Lodge, and di- rections of the Grand Master or his Deputy; and he must, therefore, be ready to attend with his Assistant MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 125 or Clerk, and the books of his Grand Lodge, in order to give all necessary information concerning the general state of matters, and what is proper to be done upon an emergency. For this reason, at every annual election of Grand Officers, the nomination or appointment of the Grand Secretary is considered as the inherent right of the Grand Master, being properly his amanuensis, and an officer as necessary to him as his Deputy. It is, therefore, held under the old regulations, which yet stand unrepealed, and if the Grand Lodge should dis- approve either of the Deputy Grand Master or Grand Secretary, they cannot disannul their appointment, without choosing a new Grand Master, by which all his appointments are rendered void. But this is a case which hath but very seldom happened, and which all true Masons hope there never will be any occasion to make a provision against. The Grand Secretary, by virtue, of his office, is a member of the Grand Lodge, and hath a right to vote in common with the Grand Wardens in everything; he also hath the right of appointing his own Deputy, or Asssistant Grand Secretary or Clerk — but such Deputy or Clerk must be a Master Mason, yet shall not by virtue of that appointment be a member of the Grand Lodge, nor speak without being allowed or asked, unless he hath otherwise a right, by being either a Past Grand Officer, or Past Master, of some regular private Lodge within the jurisdiction. 126 HARRIS' SECTION VI. OP THE ELECTION AND OFFICE OF GRAND TREASURER. The Grand Treasurer is elected by the body of the Grand Lodge in the same manner as the Grand Wardens, he being considered as an officer peculiarly responsible to all the members in due form assembled, as having the charge of their common stock and pro- perty. For to him is committed the care of all money raised for the General Charity and other uses of the Grand Lodge; an account of which, he is regularly to enterin to a book, with the respective ends and uses for which the several sums are intended. He is likewise to pay out or disburse the same upon such orders, signed, as the rules of the Grand Lodge in this respect shall allow valid. The Grand Treasurer, by virtue of his office, is a member of the Grand Lodge, and hath power to move the same in any matter that concerns his office, and may vote in common with the Grand Wardens; he hath a right to appoint an Assistant or Clerk, who must be a Master Mason, but shall have no vote, nor be a member of the Grand Lodge, nor allowed to speak without permission, unless otherwise entitled to a seat, as having been a Past Officer of the Grand Lodge, or Fast Master or Deputy of some regular private Lodge within the jurisdiction. The Grand Treasurer, or his Assistant, shall always be present in the Grand Lodge, and ready to attend the Grand Master and other Grand Officers with his books for inspection when required; and likewise any Grand Committee that may be appointed for examin- ing and adjusting the accounts. MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 127 SECTION VII. OF THE GRAND DEACONS. The Grand Deacons, whose duty is well known in the Grand Lodge, as particular Assistants to the Grand Master and Wardens, in conducting the busi- ness of the Grand Lodge, are always members of the same, so long as they continue in their office, and are elected by the Grand Lodge as other Grand Officers. SECTION VIII. OF THE GRAND TILER AND GRAND PURSUIVANT. These officers must be Master Masons, but none of them are members of the Grand Lodge, by virtue of the office, nor allowed to speak on any matter before the Grand Lodge, without permission. The Grand Tiler's duty is to look after the door on the outward side, to see that none but members enter in; and not even them, if the Grand Lodge is opened, without first informing the Grand Master (through the channel of the Grand Pursuivant) of their being at the door, and wishing to enter. The Grand Tiler is also to summon the members on any special oc- casion or emergency, by order ,of the Grand Master or his Deputy, signified to him under the hand of the Grand Secretary or his Clerk. The business of the Grand Pursuivant is to stand at the inward door of the Grand Lodge, and to report the names and titles of all that want admission, as re- ported to him by the Grand Tiler. He is also to go upon messages while the Grand Lodge is open, and perform sundry other services known only in the Grand Lodge. 128 HAERIS' SECTION IX. KXJLES TO BE OBSERVED DURING THE TIME OF PUBLIC BUSINESS. 1. At the third stroke of the Master's gavel, there shall be a general silence, and he who breaks silence without leave from the Chair, shall be publicly repri- manded. 2. Under the same penalty, every brother shall keep his seat and be perfectly silent whenever the Most Worshipful, his Deputy, or Wardens shall think pi;oper to call to order. 3. In the Grand Lodge every member shall take his seat according to the number of his Lodge, and not move about from place to place during the Communi- cation, except the Grand Wardens, as having more immediately the care of the Grand Lodge, and such other ofQcers whose immediate business may call them to different parts of the Lodge room. 4. No brother is to speak more than twice on the same subject, unless to explain himself, or when called upon by the Chair to speak. 5. Every one who speaks shall rise and and keep standing, addressing himself in a proper manner to the Chair; nor shall any one presume to interrupt him under the aforesaid penalty, unless he is' wandering from the point, and the Grand Master shall think proper to reduce him to order, and then the said speak- er shall sit down. But after he has been set right, he may again proceed if he pleases. 6. If any member be twice called to order at any one Grand Lodge, for transgressing these rules , and is guilty MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 129 of a third offence of the same nature, the Chair shall peremptorily order him to quit the Grand Lodge room for that night. 7. Whoever shall be so rude as to hiss or laugh at any brother or what he may have advanced, shall be forthwith solemnly excluded from the Communica- tion, and declared incapable of ever being a member of the Grand Lodge in future, until another time he publicly owns his fault, and his grace be granted. 8. No motion for a new regulation, or for the altera- tion of an old one, shall be made until it be first hand- ed up in writing to the Chair; then be moved publicly, and then audibly read by the Grand Secretary; and if it is then seconded, immediately be submitted to the consideration of the whole Assembly, that the sense of the Lodge may be fully heard upon it; after which the question shall be put, pro and con. 9. In order to preserve harmony, it was thought ne- cessary to use counters and a balloting box when occa- sion requires; at other times by holding up of hands, or by putting the question aye or no. CHAPTEE V. OF GEAND VISITATIONS AND COMMUNICATIONS. All the different Lodges in the same General Com- munication should, as much as possible, observe the same rules and usages. "Solomon, my son, forget not my law, but let thine heart keep my commandments, and remove not the ancient landmark which thy fathers have set." And to this end it shall be the duty of the Grand 130 HAEBIS' Master, or in his absence the presiding officer, on the Grand Lodge of annual election, to appoint some of the Grand Officers, or other skillful Past Grand Offi- cers or Past Masters, to visit all the Lodges within the Communication, and see that the ancient customs and usages are strictly observed. And as this laud- able duty has become impracticable, from the extent of their jurisdiction and large number of Lodges, for the brethren before mentioned, to perform the whole of this duty collectively, the Grand Master shall cause the Lodges to be laid off in convenient districts, and allot one or more visitors to each district, with such other assistants as may be thought proper, who shall be denominated District Deputy Grand Masters; and they shall make faithful report of their proceed- ings to the Grand Communication annually, accord- ing to the instructions given them. The brethren so appointed, shall have a Dispensation signed by the Grand Master, and attested by the Grand Secretary, and with the seal of the Grand Lodge, explaining the nature of their business, whose duty then shall be to visit every Lodge of his district at one of their stated meetings — previously notifying the Lodge the intended time of visiting them . CHAPTER VI. ON THE QUALIFICATIONS AND DUTIES OF CANDIDATES FOE FEEE MASONEY. "Whoever from love of knowledge, interest or cu- riosity, desires to be a Mason, is to know that as his foundation or great corner-stone, he is to believe firmly MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 131 in the Eternal God, and to pay that worship which is due to Him as the great Architect and Governor of the Universe. A Mason is also obliged by his ten- ure to observe the moral law as a true Noachida, and if he rightly understands the Eoyal Art, he cannot tread in the irreligious paths of the unhappy liber- tine or stupid atheist; nor in any case act against the great inward light of his own conscience. "He will likewise shun the gross errors of bigotry and superstition, making a due use of his own reason, according to that liberty wherewith a Mason is made free; for although in ancient times the Christian Ma- sons were charged to comply with the Christian usages of the country where they sojourned or worked, (be- ing found in all nations, and of divers religions, and per- suasions,) yet it is now thought most expedient that the brethren in general should only be charged to ad- here to the essentials of religion, in which all men agree, leaving each brother to his own private judg- ment as to particular modes and forms. Whence it follows that all Masons are to be good men and true — men of honor and honesty, by whatever religious names or persuasions distinguished, always following that golden precept of 'doing unto all men as (upon a change of condition) they would that all men should do unto them.' "No person is capable of becoming a Free Mason, unless in addition to the qualities and virtues men- tioned above, or at least a disposition and capacity to seek and acquire them, he is also free born, of mature and discreet age, of good report, of sufficient natural 132 HABRIS' endowments and the senses of a man, with an estate, office, trade, occupation, or some visible way of ac- qniring an honest livelihood, and of working in his Craft as becomes the members of this most ancient and honorable Fraternity, who ought not only to earn what is sufficient for themselves and families, but like- wise something to spare for works of charity, and for supporting the ancient grandeur and dignity of the Royal Craft." The candidate being thus shown that a strict en- quiry will be made into his character and qualifications, justice and duty require that he should also be advised to be alike circumspect on his side, and to make en- quiries into the character of the Lodge into which he desires admission, for there is no true excellence with- out its opposite, and true coin without its counterfeit. In the first place, then, he has a right before ad- mission to desire his friend to show him the Warrant or Dispensation by which the Lodge is held, which, if genuine, will be found written or printed on parch- ment, and signed by the Grand Master, with the seal of the Grand Lodge attached; he may also request a perusal of the By-laws of the Lodge, and a list of members belonging to the same, by all which he will be better able to judge whether he would choose to associate with them, and submit to be conformable to their rules. The necessary preliminaries being thus settled by the candidate and his friend, he is required to sign the following MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 133 FORM OP PETITION: To the Wor. Master, Wardens and Members of Lodge No. , of Free and Accepted Masons: The subscriber, residing in , of lawful age, and by occupation a , begs leave to state that unbiased by friends, and uninfluenced by mercenary motives, he freely and voluntarily offers himself as a candidate for the mysteries of Masonry: And that he is prompted to solicit this privilege by a favorable opinion conceived of the Institution, a desire of knowledge, and a sincere wish of being serviceable to his fellow creatures. Should his petition be granted, he will cheerfully conform to all the established usages and customs of the Fraternity. Signed, A. B. Eecommended and vouched for by 0. D. E. P. This petition, accompanied with such fee as the By- laws of the Lodge prescribe, is presented to the Lodge on a stated or regular meeting, and read aloud be- tween Lodge hours, and is then deposited with the Sec- retary for one month, at which time a ballot is taken and a unanimous vote is required for the admission of the candidate. 134 HASBIS' CHAPTER XI. ILLUSTRATIONS OF MASONRY. DEGREE OF ENTERED APPRENTICE. The first lecture upon Masonry is divided into three sections, which paint Virtue in the most beautiful colors, and enforces the whole duty of morality. In it we are taught those useful lessons which prepare the mind for a regular progress in the principles of knowledge and philosophy. They are imprinted on the mind by lively symbols and images, to influence our conduct in the proper discharge of the duties of social life. SECTION FIRST. The first Section consists of general heads which though short and simple, carry much weight with them, and qualify us to try and examine the rights of others to our privileges while they prove ourselves. It also accurately elucidates the mode of initiating a candidate into our Order. PRATER USED AT THE INITIATION OF A CANDIDATE. Vouchsafe Thine aid Almighty Father of the Uni • verse, to this our present Convention, and grant that this candidate for Masonry may dedicate and devote his life to Thy service, and become a true and faithful brother among us; endue him with a competency of Thy Divine Wisdom, that aided with the secrets of Free Masonry, he may be enabled to unfold the mys- teries of godliness; and grant that we may understand and keep all the statutes of the Lord and His Holy MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 135 Mystery, pure and unviolated, to the end of our days. So mote it be — A.men! The following passage of scripture (Psalm cxxxiii) is rehearsed: Behold how good and how pleasant it is for brethren to dwell together in unity; it is like the precious oint- ment upon the head that ran down upon the beard, even Aaron's beard; that went down to the skirts of his garments: As the dew of Hermon, and as the dew that descended upon the mountains of Zion; for there the Lord commanded the blessing, even life for ever more. It is the duty of the Master of the Lodge, as one of the precautionary measures of initiation, to explain to the candidate the nature and design of the Institu- tion; and while he informs him that it is founded on the purest principles of virtue; that it possesses great and invaluable privileges; and that, in order to secure those privileges to worthy men, and worthy men alone, voluntary pledges of fidelity are required; he will at the same time assure him that nothing will be expect^ ed of him incompatable with his civil, moral or reli- gious duties. The Lamb skin or white leather apron is an emblem of innocence and the badge of a Free Mason, more an- cient than the Golden Fleece or Eoman Eagle, more honorable than the Star and Garter or any other order that could be conferred upon the candidate at that or any future period by King, Prince, Potentate or any other person except he be a Mason, and which every one ought to wear without spot or blemish with credit to himself and with honor to the fraternity. 136 HASBIS SMffi" first. f — , ^. — Siuian, S^oBfiA MASONIC TEST-BOOK. 137 This section closes with an explanation of the work- ing tools of an Entered Apprentice, which are the Twenty-four Inch Guage and Common Gavel. The Twenty-four Inch Guage is an instrument used by operative Masons to measure and lay out their work; but we, as Free and Accepted Masons, are taught to make use of it for the more noble and glo- rious purpose of dividing our time. It being divided into twenty-four equal parts, is emblematical of the twenty-four hours of the day, which we are taught to divide into three equal parts: whereby are found eight hours for the service of God and a distressed worthy brother: eight for our usual vocations; and eight for refreshment and sleep. The Common Gavel is an instrument used by opera- tive Masons to break off the corners of rough stones, the better to fit them for the builder's use; but we, as Free and Accepted Masons, are taught to make use of it for the more noble and glorious purpose of di- vesting our hearts and consciences of all the vices and superfluities of life; thereby fitting our minds as living stones, for that spiritual building — that house not made with hands: eternal in the heavens. SECTION II. The second section rationally accounts for the cere- mony of initiating a candidate into our ancient in- stitution. The Badge of a Mason. Every candidate, at his initiation, is presented with a lambskin or white leather apron. The lamb has in all ages been deemed an emblem of innocence: the lamb-skin is therefore to remind him who wears it of that purity of life and conduct, which is so essentially necessary to his gaining admission into the Celestial Lodge above, where the Supreme Architect of the universe presides. 138 HARRIS Set^ieni Third MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. SECTION III. 139 The third Section explains the nature and principles of our Constitution. Here also we receive instructions relative to the form, supports, covering, furniture, orna- ments, lights, Skud jewels of the Lodge; how it should be situated, and to whom dedicated. 140 HAEEIS' The word Lodge is used to designate a certain num- ber of Free and Accepted Masons duly assembled, with a Holy Bible, Square and Compasses, and a Charter or Warrant from some Grand Lodge empower- ing them to work. Prom East to West, and between North and South, Free-Masonry extends; and in every clime are Masons to be found. MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 141 142 HAEKIS' Oar institution is said to be supported by Wisdom, Strength, and Beauty; because it is necessary that there should be wisdom to contrive, strength to support, and beauty to adorn, all great and important under- takings. MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 143 144 HARRIS' Its covering is no less than a cloaded canopy, or a starry -decked Heaven, where all good Masons hope at last to arrive, by the aid of the theological ladder, which Jacob, in his vision, saw ascending from earth to heaven ; the three principal rounds of which are de- nominated Faith, Hope, and Charity; and which ad- monish us to have faith in God, hope in immortality, and charity to all mankind. The greatest of these is Charity; for our Faith may be lost in sight; Hope ends in fruition; but Charity extends beyond the grave, through the boundless realms of eternity. MASONIC TEXT- BOOK. 145 4 146 HAEEIS' Every well governed Lodge is furnished with the Holy Bible, the Square, and the Compasses. The Holy Bible is dedicated to God; the Square, to the Master; and the Compasses, to the Craft. The Bible is dedicated to God, because it is the in- estimable gift of God to man; * * * the square to the Master, because it is the proper Masonic emblem of his office; and the compasses to the Craft, because, by a due attention to their use, they are taught to cir- cumscribe their desires, and keep their passions within due bounds. The ornaments of a Lodge are the Mosaic Pave- ment, Indented Tessel, and Blazing Star. The Mosaic Pavement is a representation of the ground floor of King Solomon's Temple ; the Indented Tessel of the beautiful border or skirting which surrounded it ; and the Blazing Star an emblem of Deity, or an overrul- ing Providence. The Mosaic Pavement is emblematical of human life, chequered with good and evil ; the beautiful bor- der which surrounds it, of the manifold blessings and comforts which surround us, and which we hope to enjoy by a faithful reliance on Divine Providence, which is hieroglyphically represented by the Blazing Star in the centre. The lights are three in number. B1U_ _^ I r o yfj''. I'T nrn' '•im 148 HAEBIS The Immoveable Jewels are the Square, Level and Plumb, worn by the three stationed officers. The Square teaches morality, the Level equality, and the Plumb rectitude of life. The Moveable Jewels are the Rough Ashler, the Perfect Ashler and the Trestle Board. The Eongh Ashler is a stone as taken from the the quarry in its rude and natural state ; the Perfect Ashler is a stone made ready by the hands of the Apprentice, to be adjusted by the working tools of the Fellpw Craft; and the Trestle Board is for the Master Workman to draw his designs upon. By the Rough Ashler we are reminded of our rude and imperfect state by nature ; by the Perfect Ashler, of that ^tate of perfection at which we hope to arrive by a virtuous education, our own endeavors, and the blessing of God ; and by the Trestle Board, we are reminded that as the operative workman erects his temporal buildings agreeably to the rules and designs laid down by the master on his Trestle Board, so should we, both operative and speculative, endeavor to erect our spiritual building agreeably to the rules and de- signs laid down by the Supreme Architect of the Universe, in the Great Book of Nature and of Revela- tion, which is our Spiritual, Moral and Masonic Trestle Board. MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 149 B. I E. I '^ 150 HARRIS' The situation of our lodges is sufficiently familiar, and the reasons therefor. Lodges were anciently dedicated to King Solomon, who was our first Most Excellent Grand Master; but Masons professing Christianity, dedicate theirs to St. John the Baptist and St. John the Evangelist, who were two eminent Christian patrons in Masonry; and since their time, there is represented in every regular and well governed Lodge, a certain Point within a Circle— ^the point representing an individual brother; the circle, the boundary line of his duty to God and man, beyond which he is never to suffer his passions, prejudices or interests to betray him, on any occasion. The circle is embordered by two perpendicular parallel lines, representing those Saints, who were perfect parallels in Christianity, as well as in Masonry ; and upon the vertex rests the Book of Constitutions, which point out the whole duty of a Mason. In go- ing round this Circle, we necessarily touch upon these two lines, as well as upon the Book of Constitutions ; and while a Mason keeps himself thus circumscribed, it is impossible he should err materially. THE TENETS Of our profession, and by the due exercise of which every worthy Free Mason may be at once distin- guished, are three in number: Brotherly Love, Be- lief and Truth. Brotherly Love. — By the exercise of Brother Love, we are taught to regard the whole human species as one common family, the high, the low, the rich and poor, who, as created by one Almighty Parent, and MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 151 inhabitants of the same planet, are sent into the world to aid, support and protect each other. On this principle Free Masonry unites men of every country, sect and opinion, and conciliates true friend- ship among those who might otherwise remain at a perpetual distance. Relief. — To relieve the distressed is a duty incum- bent on all men, but particularly on Masons, who are linked together by an indissoluble chain of sincere affections : to soothe the unhappy, to sympathize with their misfortunes, to compassionate their miseries, and to restore peace to their troubled minds, is the grand aim we have in view. On this basis we form our friendships and establish our connections. Truth is a divine attribute, and a foundation of every virtue; to be good men and true, is the first lesson wo are taught in Masonry. On this theme we contemplate, and by its dictates endeavor to regulate our conduct ; hence, while influenced by this principle, hypocrisy and deceit are unknown among us ; sincerity and plain dealing characterize us, and the heart and tongue join in promoting each others welfare, and rejoicing in each others prosperity. THE CAEDINAL VIRTUES. There are four Perfect Points and essential Cardi- nal Virtues necessary to complete the lesson of in- structions to every Initiate into the Philosophy of Masonry, illustrated by Temperance, Fortitude, Pru- dence and Justice. Temperance is that due restraint upon our affections and passions, which renders the body tame and gov- 1S2 SABRIS' ernable and frees the mind from the allurements of vice. This virtue should be the constant practice of every Mason, as he is thereby taught to avoid excess, or contracting any vicious or licentious habit, the in- dulgence of which might lead him to disclose some of those valuable secrets which he has promised to con- ceal and never reveal, and which would subject him to the contempt and detestation of all good Masons, * * * Fortitude is that noble and steady purpose of the mind whereby we are enabled to undergo any pain, peril or danger, when prudentially deemed expedient This virtue is equally distant from cowardice and rashness, and like the former, should be deeply im- pressed upon the mind of every Mason, as a safeguard or security against any illegal attack that may be made by force or otherwise to extort from him any of those valuable secrets with which he has been so solemnly entrusted, and which were emblematically represented upon his first admission into the Lodge, * * * Prudence teaches us to regulate our lives agreeably to the dictates of reason, and is that habit by which we wisely judge, and prudentially determine on all things relative to our present as well as to our future happiness. This virtue should be the peculiar char- acteristic of every Mason, not only for the govern- ment of his conduct while in the Lodge, but also when abroad in the world. It should be particularly at- tended to in all strange and mixed companies, never to let fall the least expression or hint whereby the se- crets of Free Masonry might be unlawfully obtained, * * * Justice is that standard, or boundary of right, which MASONtO TEXT-BOOK. 153 enables us to render to every man his just due with- out distinction. This virtue is not only consistent with Divine and human laws, but is the very cement and support of all civil society ; and as justice in a great measure constitutes the really good man, so should it be the invariable practice of every Mason, never to deviate from the minutest principles thereof, * * * Thus the lecture of the First or Entered Appren- tice's degree is closed with a few appropriate remarks explanatory of the freedom, fervency and zeal neces- sary to be exercised during the probation of his ser- vice. Due veneration is also paid to our ancient patrons in Masonry ; and the Initiatory ceremonies are con- cluded with the following charge: Bkothee, as you are now introduced into the first principles of Masonry, I congratulate you on being accepted into this ancient and honorable Order ; an- cient, as having subsisted from time immemorial; and honourable, as tending, in every particular, so to render all men, who will be conformable to its pre- cepts. No institution was ever raised on a better principle, or more solid foundation ; nor were ever more excellent rules and useful maxims laid down, than are inculcated in the several Masonic lectures. The greatest and best of men, in all ages, have been encouragers and promoters of the art ; and have never deemed it derogatory to their dignity, to level them- selves with the fraternity, extend their privileges and 154 HABBIS' patronize their assemblies. There are three great duties, which, as a Mason, you are charged to incul- cate — to God, your neighbor, and yourself. To God, in never mentioning his name, but with that reveren- tial awe which is due from a creature to his Creator ; to implore his aid in all your laudable undertakings, and to esteem him as the chief good: — to your neigh- bour, in acting upon the square, and doing unto him as you wish he should do unto you: — and to yourself, in avoiding all irregularity and intemperance, which may impair your faculties, or debase the dignity of your profession. A zealous attachment to these du- ties, will insure public and private esteem. In the State, you are to be a quiet and peaceful subject, true to your government, and just to your country ; you are not to countenance disloyalty or rebellion, but patiently submit to legal authority, and conform with cheerfulness to the government of the country in which you live. In your outward de- meanor, be particularly careful to avoid censure or reproach. Although your frequent appearance at our regular meetings is earnestly solicited, yet it is not meant that Masonry should interfere with your necessary vocations ; for these are on no account to be neglected; neither are you to suffer your zeal for the institution to lead you into argument with those who, through ignorance, may ridicule it. At your leisure hours, that you may improve in Masonic knowledge, you are to converse with well-informed brethren, who will be always as ready to give, as you will be ready receive, instruction. MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 155 Finally, keep sacred and inviolable the mysteries of the Order ; as these are to distinguish you from the rest of the community, and mark your consequence among Masons. If, in the circle of your acquaintance, you find a person desirous of being initiated into Masonry, be particularly attentive not to recommend him unless you are convinced he will conform to our rules ; that the honour, glory, and reputation of the institution, may be firmly established, and the world at large convinced of its good effects. FELLOW CEAFT'S DEGEBE. Masonry is a science which does not attempt to give everything that can be given to its votaries at once. But it is divided into different classes or degrees that its professors may advance more regularly in the knowledge of its mysteries ; and thereby recognize and apprecifite it as a progressive science. The duties of morality are enforced by the proper understanding of the teachings of the first degree, and upon the memory of those who have given heed to these teachings, there are imprinted the noblest prin- ciples that can adorn the human mind. Therefore the first degree is the best introduction to the second ; which not only extends the same plan, but opens up to the Entered Apprentice a more diffu- sive system of useful knowledge. This degree is divided into two sections, that it may be better understood by those who seek to unravel its mysteries. 156 HABBIS' SECTION I. This section recapitulates the ceremony of initiation into this class ; and instructs the diligent Craftsman how to proceed in the proper arrangement of the cere- monies used on the occasion. It should therefore he well understood by every officer and member of the Order. The following passage of Scripture is introduced and rehearsed : Amos vii : 7. 8- "Thus He shewed me ; and, behold, the Lord stood upon a wall made by a plumb-line, with a plumb-line in His hand. And the Lord said unto me, Amos, what seest thou ? And I said, a plumb-line. Then said the Lord, Behold, I will set a plumb-line in the midst of my people Israel : I will not again pass by them any more." MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 157 The working tools of a fellow-craft are here intro- duced and explained ; which are the plumh, square and level. The plumb is an instrument made use of by opera- tive masons, to raise perpendiculars ; the square to square the work; the level to lay horizontals; but 158 HAERIS' we as free and accepted Masons are taught to make use of them for more noble and glorious purposes : the plunib admonishes us to walk uprightly in our several stations before God and man, squaring our actions by the square of virtue, and.remembering that we are traveling to "that undiscovered country from whose bourne no traveler returns," and by the level also the King is reminded that although he occupies a throne, yet the blood in his veins is derived from the same Almighty Parent, and isi no better than that of his humblest subject. SECTION II. The second section of this degree refers to the origin of the institution ; and views Masonry under two denominations ; operative and speculative. The period stipulated for rewarding merit, is here fixed ; and the inimitable moral to which that circumstance alludes, is explained. The celestial and terrestrial globes are considered ; and here the accomplished Mason m.ay display his talents to advantage, in eluci- dating the Orders of Architecture, the Senses of human nature, and the liberal Arts and Sciences, which are severally classed in a regular arrangement. Masonry is considered under two denominations ; operative and speculative. Operative Masonry. By operative Masonry, we allude to a proper ap- plication of the useful rules of architecture, whence a structure will derive figure, strength, and beauty, and whence will result a due proportion and a just corre- spondence in all its parts. It furnishes us with MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 159 dwellings, and convenient shelters from the vicissi- tudes and the inclemencies of seasons; and while it displays the effects of human wisdom, as well in the choice, as in the arrangement, of the sundry materials of which an edifice is composed, it demonstrates that a fund of science and industry is implanted in man, for the best, most salutary, and beneficient purposes. Speculative Masonry. By speculative Masonry, we learn to subdue the passions, act upon the square, keep a tongue of good report, maintain secrecy, and practice charity. It is so far interwoven with religion, as to lay us under obligation to pay that rational homage to the Deity, which at once constitutes our duty and our happiness. It leads the contemplative to view, with reverence and admiration, the glorious works of creation, and in- spires him with the most exalted ideas of the perfec- tions of his Divine Creator. In six days, God created the heavens and the earth, and rested upon the seventh day ;^the seventh, there- fore, our ancient brethren consecrated as a day of rest from their labours ; thereby enjoying frequent oppor- tunities to contemplate the glorious works of the crea- tion, and to adore their Great Creator. Peace, Unity and Plenty, are here introduced and explained. 160 HAEEIS !Uttnfik'wnffij MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 161 Next the doctrine of the Spheres in the science of Astronomy is introduced and considered. As Architecture comes now under consideration, a brief dsscription of it may not be improper. 162 HABBIS' ORDER m ARCHITECTURE. "By Order in Architecture is meant a system of all the members, proportions and ornaments of columns and pilasters ; or it is a regular arrangement of the projecting parts of a building, which, united with those of a column, form a beautiful, perfect and com- plete whole." ITS ANTIQUITY. "From the first foundation of society, Order in Architecture may be traced. When the rigor of sea- sons obliged men to contrive shelters from the inclem- ency of the weather, we learn that they first planted trees on end, and then laid others across to support its covering. The bands which connected those trees at top and bottom are said to have given rise to the idea of base and the capital of pillars ; and from this simple hint originally proceeded the more improved art of Architecture. The Five Orders of Architecture are thus classed : Tuscan, Doric, Ionic, Corinthian and Composite." MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 163 164 HABBI8* THE INTENTION OF OEDEE IN ABCHITECTUEE. The ancient and original Orders of. Architecture re- vered by Masons, are no more than three — the Doric, Ionic and Corinthian, which were invented by the Gre- cians, To these the Romans have added two — the Tuscan, which they made plainer than the Doric, and the Composite, which is nothing more than the Cor- inthian enriched with the Ionic volute. To the Greeks, .therefore, and not to the Bomans, are we indebted for what is great, judicious and beautiful in Architecture. The Five Senses of Human JSature, which are Hear- ing, Seeing, Feeling, Smelling and Tasting, come next in order — the first three of which are most revered by Masons, for reasons which must be apparent to every enlightened Craftsman. Next in order come the Seven Liberal Arts and Sci- ences, to wit : Grammar, Ehetorie, Logic, Arithmetic, Geometry, Music and Astronomy. Passing over most of the8e,^each of which affords a large field for the accomplished Scholar and Mason to dilate upon, we are arrested by the fifth science. Geometry, which treats of the powers and properties of Magnitudes in general, where length, breadth and thickness are con- cerned, from a point to a line, from a line to a super- fice, and from a superfice to a solid. THE ADVANTAGES OF GEOMETEY. By this Science, the architect is enabled to construct his plans and execute his designs, the General to ar- range his soldiers and mark out his lines for encamp- ment, the Geographer to give us the dimensions of the earth and all things therein contained, to delineate StASONlO TEXT-BOOK. 16^ ne extent of seas, and specify the divisions of empires, kingdoms and provinces. By it also the Astronomer is enabled to make his observations, and to fix the duration of times and seasons, years and cycles. In fine. Geometry is the foundation of Architecture and the root of the Mathematics. THE MORAL ADVANTAGES OF GEOMETRY. Geometry, the first and noblest of Sciences, is the basis on which the Superstructure of Masonry is erected. By Geometry we may curiously trace Na- ture through her various windings, to her most con- cealed recesses ; by it we may discover the power, the wisdom, and the goodness of the Grand Artificer of the Universe, and view with delight the proportions which connect this vast machine. By it we may discover how the planets move in their different orbits, and demonstrate their various revolutions; by it we account for the return of seasons, and the variety of scenes which each season displays to the discerning eye. Numberless worlds are around us, all framed by the same Divine Artist, which roll through the vast expanse, and are all conducted by the same unerring law of Nature. A survey of Nature, and the observation of her beautiful proportions, first determined man to imitate the Divine Plan, and study symmetry and order ; this gave rise to societies, and birth to every useful art ; the Architect began to design, and the plans which he laid down, being improved by experience and time, have produced works which are the admiration of every age. 166 HABBIS' The lapse of titne, the ruthless hand of ignorance, and the devastations of war, have laid waste and de- stroyed many valuable monuments of antiquity on which the utmost exertions of human genius have been employed. Even the Temple of Solomon, so spacious and magnificent, and constructed by so many celebrated Artists, escaped not the unsparing ravages of barbarous force. Free Masonry, notwithstanding, has still survived. The attentive ear receives the sound from the instructive tongue, and the mysteries of Free Masonry are safely lodged in the repository of faithful breasts. Tools and implements of Archi- tecture, and symbolic emblems most expressive, are selected by the Fraternity to imprint on the mind wise and serious truths ; and thus through a succession of ages are transmitted unimpaired the most excellent tenets of our Institution. Music Teaches the art of forming concords, so as to com- pose delightful harmony, by a mathematical and pro- portional arrangement of acute, grave, and mixed sounds. This art, by a series of experiments, is re- duced to a demonstrative science, with respect to tones and the intervals of sound. It inquires into the nature of concords and discords, and enables us to find out the proportion between them by numbers. Astronomy Is that divine art, by which we are taught to read the wisdom, strength and beauty of the Almighty Creator, in those sacred pages, the celestial hemis- phere. MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 167 Assisted by astronomy, we can observe the magni- tudes, and calculate the periods and eclipses of the heavenly bodies. By it, we learn the use of globes, the system of the world, and the preliminary law of nature. While we are employed in the study of this science, we must perceive unparalleled instances of wisdom and goodness ; and through the whole crea- tion, trace the Glorious Author by His works. A Charge at Passing to the Degree of Fellow Graft. Beothee, being passed to the second degree of masonry, we congratulate you on your preferment. The internal, and not the external qualifications of a man, are what masonry regards. As you increase in knowledge, you will improve in social intercourse. It is unnecessary to recapitulate the duties which, as a mason, you are bound to discharge, or to enlarge on the necessity of a strict adherence to them, as your own experience must have established their value. Our laws and regulations you are strenuously to sup- port ; and be always ready to assist in seeing them duly executed. Tou are not to palliate, or aggravate the offences of your brethren ; but, in the decision of every trespass against our rules, you are to judge with candour, admonish with friendship, and repre- hend with justice. The study of the liberal arts, that valuable branch of education, which tends so efiectually to polish and adorn the mind, is earnestly recommended to your consideration; especially the science of geometry, which is established as the basis of our art. Geome- try, or masonry, originally synonymous terms, being of a divine and moral nature, is enriched with thd most useful knowledge : while it proves the wonder- ful properties of nature, it demonstrates the more im- portant truths of morality. Your past behaviour and regular deportment have merited the honour which we have now conferred ; and. in your new character, it is expected that you will conform to the principles of the Order, by steadily persevering in the practice of every commendable virtue. Such is the nature of your engagements as a fellow craft ; and to these duties you are bound by the most sacred ties. iiAS(otJl6 tEXdv6oott. le§ 170 habbib' MASTER MASON'S DEGREE. SECTION I. The ceremony of raising to the sublime degree of Master Mason, is particularly specified, and other useful instructions are given in this branch of the lecture. Dr. Dove says in his Text Book "To a complete knowledge of the whole lecture, few indeed, ever arrive; but it is an infallible truth that he who acquires by merit the mark of pre-eminence which this degree confers, receives a reward which amply compensates for all his past diligence and assiduity." The following passage of scripture is introduced during the ceremonies : ECCL. xn, 1—7. "Remember now thy Creator in the days of tl^y youth, while the evil days come not, nor the years draw nigh, when thou shalt say, I have no pleasure in them ; while the sun, or the light, or the moon, or the stars, be not darkened, nor the clouds return after the rain ; in the day when the keepers of the house shall tremble, and the strong men shall bow them- selves, and the grinders cease because they are few, and those that look out of the windows be darkened ; and the doors shall be shut in the streets, when the sound of the grinding is low ; and he shall rise up at the voice of the bird, and all the daughters of music shall be brought low. Also, when they shall be afraid of that which is high, and fears shall be in the way, and the almond-tree shall flourish, and the grass- hopper shall be a burden, and desire shall fail : be- cause man goeth to his long home, and the mourners MASONIC TEST-BOOK. 171 go about the streets : or ever the silver cord be loosed, or the golden bowl be broken at the fountain, or the wheel broken at the cistern. Then shall the dust return to the earth as it was ; and the spirit shall return unto God who gave it." M-VSTER MASONS DEGREE Sfclion ftrst. Seciwn Second ltd tAttBts' The working toots of a Master Masott dte all ttri implements of Masonry indiscriminately, but more especially the trowel. The TROWRL is an instrument made use of by operative Masons, to spread the cement which unites a building into one common mass ; but we, as Free and Accepted Masons, are taught to make use of it for the more noble and glorious purpose of spread- ing the cement of brotherly love and affection ; that cement which unites us into one sacred band, or society of friends and brothers, among whom no con- tention should ever exist, but that noble contention or rather emulation, of who can best work, or best agree. SECTION II. This section recites the historical traditions of the Order, and presents to view a finished picture, of the utmost consequence to the fraternity. It exempliflies an instance of virtue, fortitude, and integrity, un- paralleled in the history of man. PEAYER AT RAISING A BROTHER TO THE SUBLIME DEGREE OF MASTER MASON. Thou, O God! knowest our downsittiug and our upris- ing, and understandest our thoughts afar off. Shield and defend us from the evil intentions of our enemies, and support us under the trials and afflictions we are destined to endure while traveling through this vale of tears. Man that is born of a woman is of few days and full of trouble. He cometh forth as a flower and is cut down, he fleeth as a shadow and continueth not. ilASONIO TEXT-BOOK. 173 Seeing his days are determined, the number of his months is with Thee, Thou hast appointed his bounds that he cannot pass, turn from him that he may rest, till he shall accomplish as a hireling his day. For thete is hope of a tree if it be cut down, that it will sprout again, and that the tender branch thereof will not cease. But man dieth and wasteth away ; yea, man giveth up the ghost, and where is he? As the waters fail from the sea and the flood decayeth, and drieth up, so man lieth down, and riseth not up again till the heavens shall be no more. Tet, O Lord, have compassion on the children of Thy creation, adminis- ter them comfort in the time of trouble, and save them with an everlasting salvation. So mote it be — Amen. 174 HAKEIS SECTION III. The third section illustrates certain heiroglyphical emblems, and inculcates many useful lessons to extend knowledge and promote virtue. In this branch of the lecture many particulars are noticed relative to KING SOLOMON'S TEMPLE. This magnificent structure was founded in the MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 175 fourth year of the reiga of Solomon, on the second day of the month Zif, being the second month of the sacred year. It was located on Mount Moriah, near the place where Abraham was about to offer up his son Isaac, and where David met and appeased the de- stroying angel. Josephus informs us, that although more than seven years were occupied in its building, yet, during the whole period, it did not rain in the day time, that the workmen might not be ob.=tructed in their labor. Prom sacred history we also learn, that there was not the sound of axe, hammer, or any tool of iron, heard in the house while it was building. 176 HAEBIS MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 177 This famous fabric was supported by fourteen hun- dred and fifty-three columns, and two thousand nine hundred and six pilasters; all hewn from the finest Parian marble. There were employed in its building, three Grand Masters; three thousand three hundred overseers of the work; eighty thousand Fellow Crafts, or hewers on the mountains and in the quarries; and seventy thousand Entered Apprentices, or bearers of burdens. 178 HABBIS MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 179 The Three Steps. Usually delineated upon the Master's carpet, are emblematical of the three principal stages of human life, viz: youth, manhood and age. In youth, as entered apprentices, we ought industriously to occupy our minds in the attainment of useful knowledge; in man- hood, as fellow Crafts, we should apply our knowledge to the discharge of our respective duties to God, our neighbors, and ourselves; that so, in age, as Master Masons, we may enjoy the happy reflections conse- quent on a well spent life, and die in the hope of a glorious immortality. The Pot of Incense Is an emblem of a pure heart, which is always an acceptable sacrifice to the Deity; and, as this glows with fervent heat, so should our hearts continually glow with gratitude to the great beneficent Author of our existence, for the manifold blessings and comforts we enjoy. The Bee Hive ' Is an emblem of industry, and recommends the practice of that virtue to all created beings, from the highest seraph in heaven, to the lowest reptile of the dust. It teaches us that as we came into the world ra- tional and intelligent beings, so we should ever be in- dustrious ones ; never sitting down contented while our fellow creatures around us are in want, when it is in our power to relieve them, without inconvenience to ourselves. When we take a survey of nature, we view man, in 180 HAEBIS' his infancy, more helpless and indigent than the brutal creation; he lies languishing for days, months and years, totally incapable of providing sustenance for himself, of guarding against the attack of the wild beasts of the field, or sheltering himself from the in- clemencies of the weather. It might have pleased the Great Creator of heaven and earth, to have made man independent of all other beings; but, as dependence is one of the strongest bonds of society, mankind were made dependent on each other for protection and se- curity, as they thereby enjoy better opportunities of fulfilling the duties of reciprocal love and friendship. Thus was man formed for social and active life, the noblest part of the work of God; and he that will so demean himself, as not to be endeavouring to add to the common stock of knowledge and understanding, may be deemed a drone in the hive of nature, a useless member of society, and unworthy of our protection as masons. The Book of Constitutions Guarded by the Tyler's Sword Eeminds us that we should be ever watchful and guarded in our words and actions particularly when before the enemies of masonry; ever bearing in re- memberance those truly masonic virtues silence and oircum^ection. MASONIO TEXT-BOOK. 181 The Sword, Pointing to a Naked Heart, Demonstates that justice will sooner or later over- take US; and although our thoughts, words and actions may be hidden from the eyes of men, yet that 182 HAEKIS All Seeing Eye, whom the Sun, Moon and Stabs obey, and under whose watchful care even Comets perform their stu- pendous revolutions, pervades the inmost recesses of the human Heart, and will reward us according to our merits. MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 183 184 HABBIS' The Anchor and Ark Are emblems of a well grounded hope, and a well- spent life. They are emblematical of that divine Ark, which safely wafts us over this tempestuous sea of troubles, and that Anchor which shall safely moor us in a peaceful harbor, where the wicked cease from troubling, and the weary shall find rest. The Forty-Seventh Problem of Euclid. This was an invention of our ancient friend and brother, the great Pythagoras, who in his travels through Asia, Africa and Europe, was initiated into several orders of priesthood, and raised to the su- blime degree of a Master Mason. This wise philoso- pher enriched his mind abundantly in a general knowledge of things, and more especially in geometry or masonry. On this subject he drew out many pro- blems and theorems; and among the most distin- guished, he erected this, which in the- joy of his heart, he called Eureka, in the Grecian language, signifying I have found it; and upon the discovery of which, he is said to have sacrificed a hecatomb. It teaches ma- sons to be general lovers of the arts and sciences. The Hour Glass Is an emblem of human life. Behold! how swiftly the sands run, and how rapidly our lives are drawing to a close! We cannot, without astonishment, behold the little particles which are contained in this machine; — how they pass away almost imperceptibly!, and yet, to our surprise, in the short space of an hour, they MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 185 are all exhausted. Thus wastes man! To day, he puts forth the tender leaves of hope; to-morrow, blossoms and bears his blushing honors thick upon him; the next day comes a frost, which nips the shOot; and when he thinks his greatness is still aspiring, he falls, like autumn leaves to enrich our mother earth. The Scythe Is an emblem of time, which cuts the brittle thread of life, and launches us into eternity. Behold! what havock the scythe of time makes among the human race! If by chance we should escape the numerous evils incident to childhood and youth, and with health and vigor arise to the years of manhood; yet, withal, we must soon be cut down by the all-devouring scythe of time, and be gathered into the land where our fa- thers have gone before us. 186 HABBIS MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 187 Thus we close the explanation of the emblems upon the solemn thought of death, which, without revela- tion, is dark and gloomy; but the Christian is sud- denly revived by the evergreen and ever living .^rig of Faith in the merits of the Lion of the tribe of Judah; which strengthens him, with confidence and compos- ure, to look forward to a blessed immortality: and doubts not, but in the glorious morn of the resurrec- tion, his body will rise, and become as incorruptible as his soul. Then let us imitate the Christian in his virtuous and amiable conduct; in his unfeigned piety to God; in his inflexible fidelity to his trust; that we may wel- come the grim tyrant Death, and receive him as a kind messenger sent from our Supreme Grand Master, to translate us from this imperfect to that all perfect, glorious and celestial Lodge above; where, on His rainbow royal diadem throne, the Supreme Architect of the Universe presides. Charge at Raising to the SvMime Degree of Master Mason. Bkothee, Your zeal for the institution of masonry; the progress you have made in the mystery; and your conformity to our regulations, have pointed you out as a proper object of our favour and esteem. Ton are now bound by duty, honour and gratitude, to be faithful to your trust; to support the dignity of your character on every occasion; and to enforce by precept and example, obedience to the tenets of the Order. In the character of a Master Mason, you are au- thorized to correct the errors and irregularities of your 188 HABEK' uninfoirmed brethren, and to guard them against a breach of fidelity. To preserve the reputation of the fraternity unsullied, must be your constant care; and for this purpose, it is your province to recommend to your inferiors, obedience and submission; to your equals, courtesy and affability; to your superiors, kindness and condescension. Universal benevolence you are always to inculcate; and, by the regularity of your own behaviour, aftord the best example for the conduct of others less informed. The ancient land- marks of the Order, entusted to your eare, you -are carefully to preserve; and never suffer them to be in- fringed, or countenance a deviation from the estab- lished usages and customs of the fraternity. Your virtue, honour and reputation, are concerned in supporting with dignity the character you now bear. Let no motive, therefore, make you swerve- from your duty, violate your vows, or betray your trust; but be true and faithful, and imitate the ex- ample of that celebrated artist, whom you this even- ing represent. Thus you will render yourself deserv- ing of the honour which we have conferred, and merit the confidence that we have reposed. METHODICAL DIGEST OF THE LAWS THE GRAND LODGE OF VIRGINIA. /Vlethodical Digest. CHAPTEE I. OF THE QUALIFICATIONS EEQUIEED FOE ADMISSION INTO THE SOCIETY OF ANCIENT FEEE AND ACCEPTED MASONS. 1st. It is essentially necessary that every applicant for admission into the Institution shoald exercise a firm belief in the existence of God, paying him that worship which is due to the Great Architect and Gov- ernor of the Universe. 2nd. And while on one hand he shuns the darkness of Atheism, he will with equal solicitude avoid the gloomy errors of bigotry and superstition, making a free and independent use of his understanding, the most invaluable attribute of intelligent beings. 3rd. At the same time that he embraces with a firm hold these fundamental principles of universal or natural religion, it will be no objection that he sub- join such other principles of faith, or forms of wor- ship as his own mind may deliberately approve. 4th. Whoever would be a Free Mason, is further to know, that in that character, his civil and social obli- gations will in no degree be relaxed, but acquire ad- ditional force. He is to be a lover of Jquiet, is to be 192 HABBIS' peaceable, and obedient to the civil powers, so far as they do not infringe the inalienable rights of reason and of religion ; and to consider the welfare of his country an object of his peculiar care ; i e. He must be a loyal subject to his government. 5th. In regard to himself, a candidate for Masonry should know and practice all the private virtues, avoid- ing every species of intemperance and excess, which unfit him for the enjoyment of rational pleasure, and degrade him in the estimation of society. He ought to pursue the duties of his profession or calling with diligence and assiduity, devoting his hours of leisure to improvement in those branches of knowledge, by which he may be rendered useful in the various rela- tions of life. And for the more successful attainment of these valuable objects, he should cultivate with unswerving diligence the virtues of patience, self-de- nial, forbearance, and all others which afford a control over the human passions, and enable him to dis- charge all his duties, whether to his family or to the world, with affection, dignity and prudence. 6th. He should have a disposition, and possess the ability of preserving with inviolable fidelity, all secrets which may be confided to him. On this point a can- didate ought to examine his own character with scrupulous precision ; since no defect would more ex- pose him to ridicule and contempt, or more completely exclude him from the happy results of Masonic infor- mation, than a disposition to unfold what ought to be a sacred deposit in the bosom of the faithful Craftsman. 7th. In, addition to these religious and moral quali- ficationSj it is moreover necessary that every candi- MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. li)3 date for Masonry should be a free man, of the age of twenty-one years or upwards, of good reputation; of sufficient natural and intellectual endowments, with an estate, office, trade, occupation, or some other ob- vious source of honest subsistence, from which he may also be enabled to spare something for works of charity, and for maintaining the ancient dignity and utility of the Masonic Institution. He must also be free from such corporeal deformity as would render him incapable of complying strictly with every re- quirement of the Ritual of the Degrees ; or prevent him from procuring a livelihood. CHAPTEE II. OF A LODGE AND ITS MEETINGS. 1st. A Lodge is a place in which Masons meet to work. An assembly or organized body of Masons is also called a Lodge — just as the word Church is ex- pressive both of the congregation of worshipers, and of the building wherein they assemble to worship. 2d. A Lodge must consist of one Master, a Senior and a Junior Warden, a Treasurer, a Secretary, a Senior and a Junior Deacon, two Stewards and a Tiler, and as many members as the members shall from time to time think proper. 3d. Thus constituted, a Lodge ought to assemble for work at least once in every calendar month, and must hold all their Sessions in the Third Degree of Masonry, except for the purpose of Lecturing and Working in the First and Second Degrees. 4th. For the preservation of secresy, and to. guard 194 HABEIS' the Lodge from interruption or surprise, while en- gaged in serious and solemn labors, a well skilled Mas- ter Mason shall be appointed and paid for tiling the Lodge door during its meeting. 5th. Every Lodge shall practice the Accepted Eitual, and shall keep books containing its By-Laws, the names of its members, and a list of all the lodges under this Grand Lodge, with their usual times and places of meeting, and such other necessary parts of their transactions, as may with propriety be commit- ted to writing. 6th. It is inexpedient and improper for any Ma- sonic Lodge to be incorporated by law. This question is thus stated ; because it is generally considered to be correct as here recited; but our Grand Lodge has not made it a matter upon which it has legislated. CHAPTER III. OF INITIATION, ADVANCEMENT, ADMISSION TO MEMBEESHIP, AND VISITING. 1st. Every person desirous of being made a Free Mason in any Lodge, shall be proposed by a member thereof, who shall give an account of the candidate's name, age, social relation, profession, or calling, place of residence, and the voucher shall be able to assure his brothers that the applicant is possessed of all re- quisite qualifications mentioned in the first chapter. And it is generally required that such proposal be seconded by another member who possesses some knowledge of the candidate. It shall also be made during Lodge hours, at a Stated Communication MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 195 of the Lodge, and at least one month before initia- tion, except the initiation be by Dispensation from the Grand Master, in order that the brethren may have sufficient time and opportunity to make a strict enquiry into his circumstances, principles, character and connections. The ballot must be unanimous for the admission of all candidates. 2d. The brother who proposes a candidate, shall at the same time deposit such a sum of money for him as the By-Laws of the lodge may require; which is forfeited to the Lodge if the candidate should not at- tend according to his proposal; but is to be returned to him if he should not be approved and acceptied ; and in case he is received, he is to pay, in addition to his deposit, such further sum as is prescribed by the By-Laws of the Lodge; and the fee for each degree must be paid up in full before the degree shall be conferred. 3d. No candidate for initiation who shall be re- jected, in any Lodge under the jurisdiction of this Grand Lodge, shall be eligible to a second recom- mendation in that or any other such Lodge, until the expiration of twelve months. 4th. It shall be the duty of every Master of a Lodge rejecting a candidate, to cause his Secretary to notify the same immediately to the Grand Secretary. 5th. No Lodge shall make more than five new brethren at one time, unless by Dispensation from the Grand Master, nor shall they initiate, pass and raise a brother for a less sum than fifteen dollars, (where a fee is required,) for the three degrees; or five dollars for the First, five for the Second, and five for the 196 HARBIS' Third; nor confer any portion of either degree, ex- cept the Explanatory Lectures, on more than one candidate at a time. 6th. In all cases of advancement from one degree to another, it shall be necessary for the brother wishing to be advanced, to undergo an examination in open Lodge, in the degree from which he proposes to be advanced; after which his eligibility to such advance- ment, predicated upon his Masonic proficiency, shall be decided by ballot, and the suffrages of the ma- jority present shall determine on the subject; but it is necessary for the ballot to be taken and to be clear in the degree to which the brother prays to be ad- vanced, as a test of his moral fitness, before he can be received into the proposed degree. 7th. No Lodge shall confer a degree on any brother who is not of their household ; for every Lodge ought to be competent to its own business, and without doubt, most capable of judging of the qualifications of its own members ; nor shall any Lodge under this Grand JurisdictioD, initiate, pass or raise any person, who is a resident of any state or territory in which there is a Grand Lodge, nor initiate a candidate liv- ing within the proper Masonic Jurisdiction of another Lodge : that is, whose residence is nearest such other Lodge, without its consent : provided, that where two or more Lodges are situated in the same city or town their jurisdiction shall be concurrent. 8th. All applications of brethren for membership in any Subordinate.Lodge, must be made one month before a decision can be given ; and the balloting thereon shall be confined to Master Masons. MASONIC TEXTSBOOK. 197 9tih. When on application for membership a rejec- tion takes place, it is not indispensably necessary that the name of the rejected brother should be inserted in the return to the Grand Lodge ; nor is he precluded from applying to the same or any other Lodge at any subsequent meeting ; and no Lodge shall make pub- lic through any public print, any rejection, suspen- sion or expulsion. 10th. No member can be imposed on any Lodge without its consent, by any power whatever. 11th. If any Lodge shall admit to membership a brother who may be in arrears to another Lodge, the Lodge thus admitting him becomes responsible for the arrearages due to the other Lodge. 12th. Any brother may be a member of as many Lodges as choose to admit him, and must always be a member of some Lodge, unless excused by vote of the Lodge nearest his residence ; and every brother so excused, is required to pay annually the sum of one dollar to the Lodge nearest his residence, for the bene- fit of the Charity Fund of said Lodge, and which sum the Master thereof is empowered to receive and col- lect ; and said Lodge shall pay the Grand Lodge for such member the usual per capita tax. 13th. No brother shall be admitted to visit any Sub- ordinate Lodge a second time, unless he is a member of some warranted Lodge in Virginia, or a sojourner from some other grand jurisdiction, carrying with him proper certificates ; unless for satisfactory reasons such Lodge may by vote dispense with the provisions of this regulation : nor shall he be entitled to join in any Masonic procession, or be entitled to Masonic 198 HAREIS' burial, or to any pecuniary aid from a Lodge, unless he has been excused from membership by a vote of his Lodge. 14th. Each Subordinate Lodge must in general be the best judge of the moral fitness of all applications for visiting. CHAPTER IV. OP ATTENDANCE AND DEPOBTMENT IN LODGE. 1st. Every brother must always appear in his Lodge properly clothed, and in clean and decent apparel. 2d. He must attend all meetings, whether stated or emergent, when duly summoned, unless he can offer such plea of necessity for his absence, as the By-Laws and General Regulations admit ; and to all these Laws and Regulations, render a willing and cheerful obedience. 3d. While the Lodge is engaged in its usual labors. Masons must hold no private conversations or com- mittees without leave from the Master ; nor introduce any remarks irrelevant to the business before them. They must not interrupt the Master or Wardens, or any brother addressing the presiding officer, nor act ludicrously while the Lodge is engaged in what is se- rious and solemn ; but every brother shall show due respect to the Master and Wardens and other breth- ren. 4th. No discussions relating to nations, religion or politics, must ever be introduced within the walls of a Lodge ; Masons as such, professing the universal re- ligion, recognizing those political maxims only in which all men agree, and considering all nations as members of the same human family. MASONIO TEXT-BOOK. 199 5th. The working hours of the Subordinate Lodges shall be from eight o'clock in the evening until eleven, between the first of April and the first of October ; and from half-past seven till eleven, between the first of October and the first of April, when their meetings are held at night ; but when held in the day time, the three first hours of each session shall be considered technically the working hours. CHAPTEE V. OF tNMASONIC CONDUCT AND ITS CONSEQUENCES. SECTION I. Of the Powers and Mode of Proceeding thereon in Subordinate Lodges. 1st. Every Lodge under the jurisdiction of this Grand Lodge shall have full power and authority to enquire into, and punish unmasonic conduct in any of its members, except Masters of Lodges and regu- lar Past Masters : provided they do not interfere in disputes between brethren of a pecuniary nature, and in these only by request, or consent of all parties in- terested. 2d. In hearing all complaints and punishing delin- quents, according to the laws of the Craft, they are to adhere most religiously to the old Hebrew regula- tion, viz: "If a complaint be made against a brother and he be found guilty, he shall stand to the deter- mination of the Lodge ; but if the accuser or com- plainant cannot support his charge, and it should appear to the Lodge to be groundless, being the re- salt of hatred, malice or some unwarrantable passion, 200 HABEIS' he shall incur such penalty as the accused would have done, had he been duly convicted." 3d. Every Lodge possesses an inherent power of suspending or expelling members, for a non-compli- ance with its Kules and By-Laws; and of enacting and enforcing its regulations, with respect to month- ly, quarterly, and annual fees, after such enactment shall have been approved by the Grand Lodge. 4th. Should any brother resident in Virginia, who may not belong to any Lodge under the jurisdiction of this Grand Lodge, deport himself so immorally as to merit the reprobation of his brethren, the Subordi- nate Lodge nearest to the place of his residence, shall have power to take cognizance of such repre- hensible conduct, in the same manner as if the said brother were a member of that Lodge. 5th. Every brother who may be charged with un- Masonic conduct, shall in due time be furnished with a copy of the charges to be exhibited against him, if they be of a nature that will admit of being written; and if they be not, the said charges shall be made known to him by a committee, to be appointed for that purpose. 6th. Should any brother whose conduct has been regularly impeached, fail to attend the summons of the Lodge, or of the committee appointed to examine into his said conduct, such brother, so failing, shall stand suspended from all the benefits of Masonry, until he do come forward, and answer to the charges alleged against him ; and should such brother fail to appear and answer said charges for one month after such suspension, the Lodge shall be authorized to MASONIO TEXT-BOOK, 201 proceed to examine into the merits of the charges, and pronounce such judgment as they shall deem proper in the premises. 7th. If any member of a Lodge under the jurisdic- tion of this Grand Lodge, shall visit or work in any Lodge of Masons commonly called Clandestine Ma- sons; or any Lodge of Masons not working agreeably to the ancient usages of regular Masons, he shall be reprimanded by the Lodge to which he belongs; and if he should afterwards be guilty of a similar offence, he shall be expelled from the Lodge, and excluded from the benefits of Masonry. 8th. In all cases of suspension, the person sus- pended, is thereby absolutely precluded from all the benefits and privileges of Masonry, throughout the Masonic world during the term of said suspension ; and which suspension should in every case be for an indefinite period: provided always; that the Lodge imposing a suspension, shall have the power of rein- statement. 9th. In all cases of expulsion, the person expelled is thereby absolutely precluded from all the benefits and privileges of Masonry throughout the Masonic ■vovlAjforever. 10th. Balloting in the Subordinate Lodges, in all cases, shall be confined to Master Masons, and con- sequently must be taken in a Master Mason's Lodge. 11th. All suspensions and expulsions in any Sub- ordinate Lodge, shall immediately be communicated to the Grand Secretary; and if a suspension is for non-payment of dues, the cause, as well as the amount due, shall be mentioned in the report of the suspension. 202 HABBI8' 12th. No Master of a Lodge or regular Past Mas- ter can, without his own consent previously obtained, be called to an account, or tried for misconduct be- fore any other body than the Grand Lodge, or a com- mittee to be appointed by the Grand Lodge or the Grand Master. 13th. No Master, Warden, or other Subordinate Of- ficer of any Subordinate Lodge, against whom any specific charges of unmasonie conduct are preferred, is competent to discharge the duties of his office un- til a final decision shall be made on said charges; nor can any brother elected to office while charges are preferred against him, be installed, until such charges are disposed of. 14th. When any Masonic accusations shall be brought against a brother in any Lodge, Subordinate or other, the same shall not be withdrawn for private adjustment, except by unanimous consent of the Lodge. 15th. Where a member of a Lodge is liable, under the By-Laws of the Lodge, to suspension for non- payment of dues, and no notice can be served upon him after an order of the Lodge directing him to be summoned to show cause why he should not be sus- pended for non-payment of dues and the lapse of three months, the Lodge is hereby authorized and empow- ered to suspend such brother without any further no- tice. 16th. When a member of a Subordinate Lodge re- moves from the geographical jurisdiction of said Lodge, and fails to make a remittance sufficient to liquidate his dues to the Lodge with which he is affil- MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 203 iated, for the space of twelve months, the lodge may suspend such member for non-payment of dues with- out notice. 17th. Whenever a charge is preferred against a bro- ther for unmasonic conduct, the Subordinate Lodge having jurisdiction in the case, shall issue a sum- mons for the brother charged to appear and answer ; and if the officer directed to execute the summons, make return that the brother charged "ha3 absconded and is believed to be beyond the jurisdiction of Vir- ginia," the Subordinate Lodge having the case before it, having first appointed some brother to defend the absentee, may proceed to trial as though the brother were present, and inflict such punishment by suspen- sion or expulsion, as by them may be deemed just : provided, no trial shall be had under three months from the date of the charges. 18th. In all cases of trial of brethren charged with unmasonic conduct, all the testimony relating to the matters in question, and which may be proper to be committed to writing, shall be taken in writing before the Lodge or before a committee appointed by the Lodge for that purpose, after due notice to the oppo- site party, and shall constitute a portion of the re- cord of the case. SECTION II. Of carrying Appeals from the decisions of Subordinate Lodges. 1st. In all cases where a brother may consider him- self aggrieved by the decision of a Subordinate Lodge^ he has the right of appeal to the District Deputy 204 HAEBI8 Grand Master of the District in which such lodge may be holden. 2d. When any brother appeals from a decision of his Lodge, he shall lodge a copy thereof with the D. D. G. Master, who shall summon the parties and their witnesses to appear before a commission, to be by him appointed, for a rehearing and decision of the case. 3d. Each District Deputy Grand Master shall have jurisdiction of all appeals within his district, in the following manner : On notice by him duly received of any appeal, he shall forthwith summon five or more officers, or skillful Master Masons, to meet at such time and place as may be most convenient to hear and determine the whole subject matter of the appeal, and to make report of their proceedings to him ; the said District Deputy Grand Master reserving to either party the right of final appeal to the Grand Lodge upon the record, 4th. Immediately after the receipt of the report and proceedings of said Commission, it shall be the duty of such D. D. G. M. to furnish the Master of the Lodge with a copy of the decision, and forward to the Grand Secretary a copy of all proceedings held by the com- mission, including the final decision: provided that evidence not proper to be written may be communi- cated verbally. 5th. In all cases where a brother or Lodge may consider themselves aggrieved by the decision of said commission, they have an undoubted right of final appeal therefrom to the Grand Lodge. 6th. Whereas in cases of appeal to the Grand MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 205 Lodge from any vote, ballot, or resolution of said committee, it is necessary to have a copy of the whole of the written proceedings in such case present at the consideration of such appeal; therefore it shall be the duty of the Master of every Lodge, in all cases of ap peal, forthwith to cause a copy of such proceedings to be forwarded to the Grand Secretary. 7th. When any brother or Lodge appeals from a decision of said committee, they shall lodge a copy thereof with the Grand Secretary, who shall, summon the parties to appear with the record at the next en- suing Grand Communication, in order to a rehearing and final determination of the controversy. 8th. It all cases of appeal, a certified copy of the entire record shall be forwarded to the Grand Secre- tary and no oral testimony shall be received by the Grand Lodge or Committee on Grievances and Ap- peals, unless such testimony be of a character im- proper to be written. 9th. When any Lodge or Lodges requires that a commission be sent to their vicinity, for the purpose of investigating any difficulty which may exist in or between such Lodges, or between the members of any Lodge, that the Lodge or Lodges making such request shall do so in writing, and shall pay to the Grand Secretary the expenses attending the visit of such colnmission. SECTION III. Of Reinstatements. No reinstatement of a suspended or expelled Mason shall hereafter be made by any lodge under the juris- 206 HAEBIS' diction of this Grand Lodge, unless the following regulations be strictly complied with: Ist. Any suspended or expelled Mason who may desire to be reinstated to the benefits and privileges of Free Masonry, shall make application by petition in writing to the lodge which suspended or expelled him, praying for such reinstatement, and setting forth the reasons which prompt him to ask this favor ; which petition shall be presented to the Worshipful Master, who shall cause the same to be audibly read by the Secretary at the first stated Communication after its reception; when it shall be ordered to lie over for one month. The Worshipful Master shall then order due notice to be given to all the members of the Lodge, of the application, and have them noti- fied to attend. 2d. The Lodge being thus duly notified and as- sembled, shall then proceed to consider the applica- tion; when the question of granting or refusing there- quest shall be determined by vote or ballot, as the Lodge may see fit. 3d. In all votes or ballots on the question of re-in- stating a suspended or expelled Mason, every mem- ber present shall be required to vote, unless for good cause he may be excused by unanimous consent of the lodge. 4th . If, upon taking a vote or ballot on the petition of a suspended Mason for reinstatement, a less number than two-thirds of the members present vote for the re- instatement, the petition shall be declared rejected; in case of the petition of an expelled Mason, the vote for reinstatement must be unanimous. MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 207 5th. The action of a lodge on the question of re- storing or re instating a suspended or expelled Mason, may be the subject of appeal by any member who may think proper to do so. And in case of an appeal, the re-instatement shall not take effect until the appeal is decided by the proper tribunal. 6th. Any Mason who has been, or may hereafter be suspended for non-payment of dues, may be reinstated at any stated Communication of the lodge which sus- pended him, upon paying the amount of his dues. 7th. The reinstatement of an expelled or suspend- ed Mason, does not restore such brother to member- ship in the lodge which suspended or expelled him, but only to the general rights and privileges of Ma- sonry; and to be restored to membership, he must, after reinstatement, petition as any other mow-affiliated Mason, except in case of suspension for non-payment of dues as above provided for. 8th. The Lodge which suspends or expels a Mason, is the only lodge which can reinstate him. But if that lodge has become extinct (or otherwise incapable of working,) and there is no working lodge in the for- mer jurisdiction of that extinct lodge, the petition shall be presented to the D. D. G. Master of the Dis- trict in which the lodge was located, who shall refer the petition to a commission of five skillful Past Mas- ters or Officers of lodges, who, after due notice to all the former members of the extinct Lodge who can be found within its jurisdiction, shall proceed to hear and determine the application. This commission shall keep a full record of their proceedings, which they 208 HABEIS' shall transmit to the Grand Secretary, who shall lay the same before the Grand Lodge; and if no objection be then urged, it shall be confirmed. 9th. In a case of a working lodge being in exist- ence in the former jurisdiction of an extinct Lodge, the D. D. G. Master may, at his option, refer the pe tition to that Lodge, when the same proceedings shall be held as provided for when the petition is presented to the Lodge inflicting the suspension or expulsion, and their decision need not be submitted to the Grand Lodge for confirmation, unless by appeal. CHAPTEE VI. OF THE ELECTION, POWEES AND DUTIES OF THE OFFICERS OF SUBORDINATE LODGES. SECTION I. Of the Election of the Officers in general. 1st. The installation of oflScers in the subordinate lodges shall be annually on the twenty-fourth of June. Each particular lodge is enjoined to hold the election of its officers on the evening of the stated meeting im- mediately preceding the anniversary or festival of St. John the Baptist. 2d. Whenever a vacancy shall happen, either by the death, removal or resignation of any officer of a Sub- ordinate Lodge, such vacancy shall be filled either at the next stated meeting, or at a meeting specially called by the Master or presiding Warden, for that purpose. 3d. In all cases of election of officers, the suffrages of MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 209 a majority of all the members present, who are enti- tled to vote, shall be necessary to constitute a proper election. 4th. In the election of officers, every free member, or every member who has paid all arrearages, or has been excused from payment according to law, has one vote. 5th. Iff selecting candidates for the different offices, great care is to be taken that none be nominated from any other considerations than real merit, and pre-emi- nent ability to discharge the duties attached to them. SECTION II. Of the Master of a Lodge. , 1st. No brother can be Master of a Lodge till he has regularly served in the office of Warden, unless in ex- traordinary cases, or where a new Lodge is about to be formed, and no past Warden is to be found among the members. In such cases, a well informed Master Ma- son may be constituted Master of the new Lodge, or of any old Lodge similarly situated; but previous to entering on the functions of his office, he must receive the degree of Past Master. 2nd. In the election of the Master, the present. Wardens where they have regularly served, shall al- ways be among the number of candidates for the Ohair . 3d. After the nominations are all made, the candi- dates shall withdraw, while every free member gives his vote in favor of him whom he deems most worthy. 4th. When the ballot is closed, the acting Master shall direct that the candidates return to the Lodge 210 HAEKIS' room and take their seats. He shall then carefully examine the poll, through a committee appointed therefor, and declare the brother having the majority of votes duly elected. 5th . The Master of every Lodge thus duly elected and installed, has it in special charge to see that the By-Laws of his Lodge, as well as the general regula- tions from the Grand Lodge, be duly observed; that his Wardens discharge their duty with fidelity, and be examples of diligence and propriety to the Craft; that true and exact minutes and records of all the pro ceedings be kept by the Secretary; that the Treasurer keep and render accurate and just accounts, at the stated times required by the By-Laws and Orders of the Lodge; and in general, that all goods and moneys belonging to the Lodge be correctly managed and dis- bursed, as if they were his own private property, ac- cording to the vote and direction of the majority. 6th. The Master has the power of appointing some brother, (who is generally the Secretary,) to keep the book of By-Laws and other laws given by proper au- thority; also the books containing the names of all the members of the Lodge, and the list of Lodges in 'Virginia, with their usual times and places of meet-, ing. 7th. The Master has also the power of preventing the removal of his Lodge from one house to another, unless sanctioned by the course of proceeding pointed out in the Chapter bearing on that subject. 8th. The Master of every Subordinate Lodge shall have power and authority to assemble his Lodge, upon MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 211 the application of any of the brethrea, aud upon any emergency which in his judgment may require their meeting. 9th. The Masters of all subordinate lodges, where they have abilities and members, are permitted to per- form the ceremonies of Installation, Dedication, Con- secration and Funerals, and are required to report their proceedings to the first Grand Annual Communi- cation thereafter. 10th . It is likewise the duty of every Master of a Lodge to attend all meetings of the brethren in Grand Communication, as a representative of his Lodge. 11th. The Master of every Lodge is required either to have the proceedings of each Grand Annual Com- munication read in open Lodge, or referred to a spe- cial committee, with instructions to report to the Lodge any matter that demands their specific attention, at the first regular meeting after the receipt of said pro- ceedings. 12th. It is the duty of Ihe Master, immediately upon the death of a regular member of his Lodge, in good standing, to have a record made of said death upon the Lodge book, and report the same to the Grand Secretary, who shall thereupon transmit to the Master of said Lodge a Grand Lodge Diploma, filled up. with the name of the deceased brother, free of expense, for the benefit and use of the widow and orphans, or either. 13th. When sitting in Grand Communication, the Master and Wardens, or such of them who may attend, have full power and authority to represent their 212 HABBIS' Lodge, and to transact all business therein, as fully as if all their members were there present. Nevertheless, the representatives of every Lodge are subject to such instructions as may be given them by their respective Lodges, for their conduct in Grand Communication. SECTION III. Of the Wardens of a Lodge. 1st. None but Master Masons can be Wardens of a Lodge; and must receive the degree of Past Master before entering upon the duties of that office. 2nd. Prom among these the Master elect shall nomi- nate one for the office of Senior Warden, and the pres- ent Master and brethren shall nominate one in oppo- sition; and in balloting for this and all the remaining officers, the Lodge shall proceed in the same manner as in choosing a Master. 3d. The Senior Warden succeeds to all the duties of the Master when he is absent. And if the Master resigns or becomes otherwise disqualified, the Senior Warden takes his place till it is supplied by election. And although it was formerly held that in all such cases, the Master's authority ought to revert to the last Past Master who is present, yet it is now the settled rule that the authority devolves upon the Senior War- den, and in his absence, upon the Junior Warden, even although a former Master be present. And if the presiding Warden should call on any Past Master who may be in Lodge to take the Chair, on the pre- sumption of his superior skill in conducting the busi- ness of the Lodge; nevertheless, such Past Master still MASONIO TEXT-BOOK. 213 derives his authority from the Warden, and cannot act till that officer congregates the Lodge. 4th. The business of the Wardens is generally to assist the Master in conducting the labors of the Lodge, to perform that duty in his absence, and to attend as representatives of their Lodge in Grand Commuication; SECTION IV. Of the Treasurer of a Lodge. 1st. The Treasurer is to receive from the Secretary all moneys paid in for the use of the Lodge, and to pay all orders drawn on him by its authority. He is to keep .regular entries both of his receipts and dis- bursements, and to have his books and vouchers al- ways ready for examination, at such stated times as the By-Laws require, or when specially called on by order of the M aster and brethren 2d. The Treasurer is likewise to have the charge and custody of the jewels and furniture of the Lodge, un- less when the Master and majority may judge it more convenient to assign that duty to some other re- sponsible brother ; or when the officers may take the charge immediately on themselves. SECTION V. Of the Secretary of a Lodge. 1st, The Secretary shall keep regular minutes of all the proceedings of a Lodge that may properly be committed to writing, which shall be afterwards faith- fully entered in the record books, with such previous corrections as the brethren may approve. 214 HABBIS' 2d. He shall keep an accurate list of all the mem- bers of the Lodge, with the times of admission of new members, and make a return thereof to the Grand Secretary, just before each Grand Annual Communi- cation, which shall be signed by the Master and at- tested by the Secretary with the seal of each Lodge, in order that the Grand Secretary, and consequently the members of the Grand Lodge may be at all times enabled to know the number and names of members in every Lodge under their jurisdiction, with the handwriting of the different oflScers ; and to pay all due respect to the brethren recommended, or certified by them from time to time. SECTION VI. Of the Deacons of a Lodge, It is the duty of the Senior and Junior Deacons to attend on the Master and Wardens, and to act as their proxies in the active duties of the Lodge — such as the reception of candidates into the different de- grees of Masonry, the introduction and accomodation of visitors, and in the immediate practice of our rites. SECTION VII. Of the Stewards of a Lodge. It is the duty of the Stewards to assist in the col- lection of dues and subscriptions, to keep an account of the Lodge expenses for refreshments, and to see that the tables are properly furnished therefor, and that every brother is suitably provided, and generally to assist the Deacons and other oflScers in performing their respective duties. MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 215 SECTION VIII. Of the Tiler of a Lodge. 1st. The Tiler should be a Master Mason of knowl- edge and experience ; and generally a brother is to be preferred to whom the fees of the office may be necessary and serviceable. 2d. His principal duty is to take care that no person (even a member) shall be admitted while the Lodge is in session, without the knowledge and consent of the presiding officer ; neither shall he admit any visitor (that is not a member of a warranted Lodge) a second time, sojourners producing certificates excepted. 3d. If he is a member of a Lodge, he is entitled to all the privileges which any other member is entitled to. CHAPTER VII. OF THE GRAND LODGE OF VIRGINIA. SECTION I. Of whom the Grand Lodge is composed. 1st. The Grand Lodge of Virginia is composed of the Masters and Wardens of all the regular Lodges therein, or of such representatives as may occasionally be appointed in the room of Masters or Wardens un- able to attend. 2d. Of the Grand Master, Deputy Grand Master, Grand Wardens, Grand Trearurer, Grand Secretary, Grand Lecturer and Grand Deacons. 3d. Of the District Deputy Grand Masters. 4th. Of the regular Past Masters of the different Lodges who have represented their lodges therein. 216 HAREI8 5th. Of the Past Grand Masters, Past Deputy Grand Masters, and Past Grand Wardens, Past Grand Secretarys, Treasurers, Lecturers, Deacons, indeed of all elective Past Grand Officers. 6th. When any Master or Warden of a Subordinate Lodge, from such urgent business as may reasonably plead his excuse, cannot attend the Grand Lodge, his Lodge may appoint any one of their members, or other brother Mason, to supply his place in Grand Communication : provided that no brother shall rep- resent a Subordinate Lodge in the Grand Lodge, unless he be a resident of the Masonic District wherein such Lodge is situated, or the Master or Warden of the Lodge which he may represent ; and no brother shall represent more than three Lodges. 7th. Any Lodge under the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge of Virginia, and not within this CoTnmonwealth, may be represented by any eminent brother or breth- ren, not a member or members of such Lodge; who shall be entitled to one vote for each Lodge he or they may so represent : provided that no brother shall represent more than three Lodges. 8th. Every brother thus deputed to represent a Lodge, shall be furnished with a certificate of his appointment, under the seal of the Lodge appointing him, and the attestation of the Secretary thereof ; without which, he cannot take his seat in the Grand Lodge. 9th. No brother residing in the State of Virginia can be a member of this Grand Lodge, unless he is actually a contributing member of some chartered Lodge under its jurisdiction. MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 217 10th. To constitute a quorum of this Grand Lodge so as to proceed to business, there must be present the representatives of at least five regular Lodges. 11th. If the Grand Master isabsent from any meet- ing of the Grand Lodge, the Deputy Grand Master shall supply his place ; if the Deputy Grand Master be likewise absent, the Senior Grand Warden shall preside, and in his absence the Junior Grand Warden; and if neither of the Presiding Grand Officers is present, the Master of the oldest Subordinate Lodge who may be present, shall act as Grand Master pro tern. In all cases, the presiding member may nomi- nate his Deputy, and call on any eminent brethren to fill the temporary vacancies of the Grand Lodge. 12th. The Grand Master when he finds he must ne- cessarily be absent, shall nevertheless have the power at all times of giving a special commission under his hand and seal of office, authorizing any eminent bro- ther, a member of the Grand Lodge, to officiate in his place; provided the Deputy Grand Master should not attend. 13th. In case of the death of a Grand Master, or any other Grand Officer, the same order of succession shall take place as is above set forth, till the next suc- ceeding election. SECTION II. Of the Meetings and Powers of the Grand Lodge. 1st. The Grand Lodge shall meet in the city of Eichmond'at six o'clock in the evening of the second Tuesday in December of each year; and may be called off from day to day until its business is finished. 218 HAERIS' 2d. The Grand Lodge shall have power and au- thority at all times to make local ordinances and new regulations, as well as to amend old ones, for their own particular benefit, and the good of Masonry in general -.provided always, that the ancientlandmarks be carefully preserved. 3d. The Grand Lodge at the Annual Communica- tion, shall seriously consider, discuss and transact all matters that concern the prosperity of the Fraternity in general, or private Lodges and individual brethren in particular. Hence, therefore, are all differences to be deliberately considered and decided that cannot be accommodated privately, nor by particular Lodges. 4th. The members of the Grand Lodge, and of all Warranted Lodges within their jurisdiction, so far as they have abilities and numbers, have an undoubted right to confer and practice all degrees of the ancient Graft; but no Masons of any donomination can hold any Lodge without a Warrant for the place where held. SECTION III. ■ Of the Manner of Yoting in the Grand Lodge. 1st. All questions before the Grand Lodge shall be determined by a majority of votes, to be regulated on the following principles, viz: 2d. The Reprerentatives of each Subordinate Lodge shall collectively have three votes. 3d. The Grand Master, or Presiding Officer, one vote, except in cases of an equal division, when he shall have two votes : provided they are not cases of election. MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 219 4th. The Deputy Grand Master one vote. 5th. The Grand Wardens, Treasurer, Secretary, Lecturer, and Deacons, one vote each, 6th. The District Deputy Grand Masters, col- lectively, one vote; provided they are not representa- tives of a Subordinate Lodge or elective officers of the Grand Lodge. 7th. The Past Grand Masters one vote each. 8th. The Past Masters collectively, who are not representatives of any Subordinate Lodge, or officers of the Grand Lodge one vote. 8th. For the sake of convenience in voting, the col- lective bodies will sit together, that when a question is before the body, they may consult among themselves how the vote shall be given ; and when the question is put, one member may vote for the whole, and that duty should be performed by the senior Mason. SECTION IV. Of admitting Visitors into the Grand Lodge. 1st. Any Master Mason having business before the Grand Lodge, or whose attendance becomes neces- sary to give evidence or information, or who is of re- spectable standing, may be admitted to visit the Grand Lodge; but such brother shall not be allowed to vote, nor shall he speak on any question without leave, or when requested to give his opinion : provided, that no brother whatever can be admitted into the Grand Lodge, unless he is a member of some regular Lodge. 2d, Every brother admitted to visit the Grand Lodge, may pay one dollar for the benefit of the Grand Charity Fund, unless he is attending on busi- 220 HARRIS ness with the Grand Lodge, or his circumstances will not admit of the payment thereof. 3d. Visitors are permitted to take their seats before the opening of the Grand Lodge. 4th. Upon the invitation of any member of the Grand Lodge, a Master Mason being a member of some Lodge, may be admitted to visit without paying a fee : CHAPTER VIII. RULES TO BE OBSERVED IN CONDUCTING BUSINESS BEFORE THE GRAND LODGE. 1st. At the third stroke of the Grand Master's gavel, there shall be a general silence, and whoever breaks it without permission from the Chair, shall be publicly reprimanded. 2d. Under the same penalty, every brother shall keep his seat and observe silence whenever the Grand Master, Deputy, or Grand Warden, shall think proper to call to order. 3d. No member of the Grand Lodge shall appear therein without the jewels he ought to wear in his own private Lodge, unless for some good reason to be allowed in the Grand Lodge. 4th. Every member shall select his seat according to the number of his Lodge, at the opening session, and avoid moving about during the Communication, except the Grand Deacons, as having more im- mediately the care of the Grand Lodge, and such other oflScers whose official duties may call them to different parts of the Lodge room. MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 221 5th. No brother shall speak more than twice on the same subject, unless to explain, or when called upon by the Chair to speak. 6th. Every brother who speaks shall rise and in a respectful manner address the Chair ; and while speaking no member shall presume to interrupt him, under aforesid penalty. But if the speaker is wan- dering from the point under consideration, and the Grand Master shall call him to order, he shall sit down, and after being set right, may again proceed if he chooses. 7th If any member shall be twice called to order daring the same evening, for a violation of these rules, and is guilty of a third offence of the same nature, the Chair shall peremptorily order him to quit the Lodge room for that session. 8th. Whoever shall be so rude as to hiss or laugh at any brother; or at what he may have advanced, shall be forthwith solemnly excluded from the Communica- tion, and rendered incapable of returning till he shall have made satisfactory concessions. 9th. For the purpose of admitting witnesses, it is deemed most proper to try all controversies in a com- mittee, and therefore the Presiding Officer shall di- rect a committee of the whole Grand Lodge to meet in the Hall, on the second day of Communication, or at such time as the Grand Lodge may designate, for the aforesaid purpose; and this committee shall exam- ine and determine on every kind of business that may be referred to them, and report their proceedings to the Grand Lodge the same evening for their ratification. 10th. No resolution having for its object the intro- 222 HARBIS' duction of a new regulation in the Constitution of the Grand Lodge, or the alteration of an existing one, shall be acted upon, unless it be handed up in writing to the Chair on the first or second days of the Grand Annual Communication, and audibly read by the Grand Secretary ; after which it must be referred to the Committee on Jurisprudence for consideration : after being reported on by the committee, it shall be finally determined. 11. No motion or resolution once disposed of by the Grand Lodge, shall be reconsidered during that Communication, unless the motion to reconsider be entered up during the session, at which such motion or resolution shall have been offered. 12th. The Grand Master shall lay before the Grand Lodge, minutes of all his proceedings during the re- cess, particularly those relating to questions of juris- prudence ; which shall be read previously to the elec- tion of Grand Officers. CHAPTEE IX. OP RETURNS, CONTRIBUTIONS AND PEES. 1st. The several Lodges on record shall transmit to each Grand Annual Communication, a list of all the officers and members of each Lodge, distinguishing their various grades, with such other matters relating to the Craft, as may be deemed proper to communi- cate ; as also a list setting forth as accurately as may be, the names of all Masons residing in their vicinity who are not members of any Lodge, and consequently not contributing to the Masonic Society; and the said MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 223 lists shall be recorded by the Grand Secretary, in a book especially appropriated for that purpose. 2d. Every Subordinate Lodge shall pay annually, as a contribution to this Grand Lodge, the sum of twenty five cents for each member of such Subordi- nate Lodge, according to the returns made. 3d. And when any Subordinate Lodge shall fail to send its contribution, and to make a return of its mem- bers, such Lodge shall be chargeable on the books of the Grand Secretary with the sum last paid, and when a return shall be made without the contribution, the Grand Secretary shall charge the Lodge with the amount of contribution due from it. 4th. It shall be the duty of the Grand Secretary to send out a list of such contributions as may be paid to the Grand Lodge, after every Annual Communication. 5th. If any Subordinate Lodge shall fail of attend- ing the annual meetings of the Grand Lodge, or in the discharge of contributions to the Grand Lodge Fund, for two years successively; as reported by the Grand Secretary, such Lodge so failing, shall thereby be suspended, and all its workings thereafter be con- sidered null and void, until it shall be regularly rein- stated; and if not reinstated at the next succeeding Grand Annual Communication, they shall become ex- tinct and be so declared. The numbers of such extinct Lodges shall be used in subsequent Charters, begin- ning with the oldest, unless otherwise requested by the petitioners for such Charter. 6th. For every Charter granted by the Grand Lodge, the members of the Lodge thereby constituted, shall pay to the Grand Lodge the sum of thirty-three and 224 HARRIS' one-third dollars, and to the Grand Secretary a fee of six dollars and sixty-seven cents. 7th. For every Dispensation to form a new Lodge, the applicants shall pay to the Grand Secretary a fee of five dollars. 8th. For every Grand Diploma or Certificate, the brother receiving it shall pay to the Grand Secretary the sum of one dollar. CHAPTER X. OP ISSUING CHARTERS, DISPENSATIONS AND DIPLOMAS. 1st. No set of Masons shall ever take upon them- selves to work together, or form a new Lodge, without a Warrant or Dispensation, issued according to the Laws of the Grand Lodge. 2d. Charters for forming new Lodges can only be granted by the brethren assembled in the Grand An- nual Communication. 3d. Before application can be made to the Grand Lodge by brethren already members of a Lodge, for a Charter to form a new one, thie applicants shall pay all dues to their Lodge, and notify them in writing that they intend applying for a Charter to establish a new Lodge. 4th. Whenever application is made to the Grand Lodge, by a sufficient number of brethren, for a Charter to form a new Lodge, the Grand Lodge shall carefully ascertain whether their skill as Masons, and their good conduct as men, will justify a compliance with their petition. And only after perfect satisfaction on these points, shall the Grand Lodge issue a Charter. MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 225 5th. When a Lodge becomes too numerous for working with convenience, and application shall be made by some of the members for leave to separate and form a new Lodge, their separations must be certi- fied by their Lodge to the Grand Communication, to-, gether with a recommendation of the brethren most proper to be appointed officers of the new Lodge, be- fore a Charter shall issue. 6th. The Grand Master, or in his absence out of the State, the Deputy Grand Master, may grant a Dispensation for forming a new Lodge, to continue in force until the next Grand Communication : pro- vided the petitioners are furnished with the same re- commendations as are necessary for obtaining Char- ters: and further provided said Lodge shall work according to a code of By-Laws to be furnished by the Grand Secretary. But it shall be discretionary with the succeeding Grand Annual Communication, whether a Charter shall be granted or not, and if granted, the Dispensation shall continue in full force and effect until such Charter shall be received and the new Lodge installed. 7th. And the Grand Lodge of Virginia will hold no communication with any Lodge in this State, which shall in future be constituted by the authority of any other Grand Lodge. 8th. No Charter or Dispensation to Constitute a Lodge, shall be granted to any number of Masons re- siding in any other State where a Grand Lodge adopt- ing this principle is held, unless such Grand Lodge shall furnish the petitioners with a written acquies- cence, properly authenticated. 226 HAKRIS 9fch. Every Charter issued from this Grand Lodge shall be signed by the Grand Master, or in case of his death or absence out of the State, by the Deputy Grand Master, sealed with the seal of the Grand Lodge, and attested by the Grand Secretary, directed to three reputable brethren, authorizing them to call in other brethren to their assistance, and to enter Ap- prentices, pass Fellow Crafts, and raise Master Ma- sons, and perform all other work agreeably to ancient customs and usages. 11th. Every Dispensation granted forming a new Lodge shall have the Seal of the Grand Lodge, and the attestation of the Grand Secretary, and be entered by him in a book of Eegistration. 11th. Whenever a Charter shall issue from this Grand Lodge to form a new Lodge, it shall be ac- companied by a Dispensation, signed by the Presid- ing Officer, with the Seal of the Grand Lodge, and attested by the Grand Secretary directed to some Past Master, with power to appoint his Wardens, and ■ to install the Officers of the new Lodge, and set them to work, agreeably to ancient customs and usages, provided the Grand Master does not attend in person; but the Master of the new Lodge shall previously re- ceive his Degree in the presence of three Past Mas- ters at least. And all these things must be done before the new Lodge can be entitled to representa- tion in Grand Lodge. 12th. Every newly constituted Lodge shall be fur- nished with three copies of the Text-Book, at the ex- pense of the Grand Lodge. 13th. Every brother previously obtaining a certifi- MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 227 cate from the Lodge of which he is a member, settiog forth his regular behavior, and that he has regularly discharged all Lodge dues, shall be entitled on ap- plication to receive a Grand Lodge certificate or diploma, signed by the proper Officers, (the Grand Master or Deputy, and Grand Secretary,) and having also the signature of the member himself, opposite the seal : provided said application is made within thirty days after the date of such certificate, and when the Grand Secretary has no good reason to believe he has been guilty of any criminal offence since said date. 14th. Every member of a Lodge under a Dispensa- tion, shall be considered a member under a subse- quent Charter ; and every application for a Dispensa- tion to open a new lodge shall be deemed an appli- cation for a subsequent Charter. CHAPTER XI. OF THE MANNER OP CONSTITUTING A LODGE. 1st. A sufficient number of brethren being con- vened in conformity to Dispensation, as set forth in the 11th paragraph of the foregoing Chapter, together with the brethren of the intended new Lodge, the Constituting Lodge shall be opened in the Third Degree of Masonry. 2d. The brethren designated as Master and War- dens of the new Lodge being yet promiscuously among their Fellows, the Acting Marshall shall ask his Senior Warden if he has examined them, and found them well skilled in the mysteries of Masonry, «fep. 228 HAEBIS' The Warden answering in the affirmative, shall, by the Master's order, take the Senior candidate from among his Fellows, and present him to the Master, saying, "Right Worshipful Master, the brethren here assembled desire to be formed into a regular Lodge, and I present my worthy Brother A. B., to be installed their Master, whom I know to be of good morals and great skill, true and trusty, and a lover of the whole Fraternity, wheresoever dispersed over the face of the Earth." 3d. Then the Master placing the Candidate on his left hand, and having asked and obtained the unani- mous consent of the brethren, shall say, (after some other ceremonies and expressious that cannot be writ- ten,) I constitute and form these good brethren into a new regular Lodge, and appoint you Brother A. £., the Master thereof, not doubting of your capacity and care, to preserve the cement of the lodge, &c. 4th. Whereupon the Senior Warden, or some other brother for him, shall rehearse the charge of a Master, and the Master shall ask the Candidate saying, "Do you submit to these charges as Masters have done in all ages ?" And the new Master signifying his cor- dial submission thereto, the Master shall by certain significant ceremonies and ancient usages, install him, and present him with his Warrant, the Book of Con- stitutions, the Lodge Book, and the Instruments of his office, one after another ; and after each of them, his Warden, or some brother for him, shall rehearse the short and expressive charge, suitable to the thing presented. 5th. Next the members of this new lodge bowing MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 229 to the Acting Master, shall return him thanks accord- ing to the custom of Masons, and shall immediately do homage to their "bwn Master, and as faithful Craftsmen signify their promise of obedience to him, with usual congratulations. 6th. The Wardens and such other brethren as are not members of this new lodge, shall now congratu- late the new Master, and he shall return becoming acknowledgments, first to the Acting Master and other officers, and then to the others in order. 7th. The Acting Master then instructs the new Mas- ter to enter immediately on the exercise of his official functions; and the new Master calling forth his Senior Warden, presents him to the Acting Master for his approbation, and to the new lodge for their consent; whereupon the Senior or Junior Acting Wardens, or some other brother for him, rehearses the charges of a Warden, &c., and he signifying his cordial submis- sion thereto, the new Master shall present him with the several Instruments of his office in succession, and install him in due and ancient form. 8th. In like manner, the Master of the new lodge shall call forth his Junior Warden, and present him to be duly installed. And the members thereof shall signify their obedience to their Wardens, by the usual congratulations. 9th. The acting Master then gives all the brethren joy of the Master, Wardens, &c., and recommends harmony, &o., hoping their only contention will be a laudable emulation in cultivating Masonic and social virtues. 10th. Then the Secretary, by the Acting Master's 230 HARRIS order, in the name of the Grand Lodge, proclaims this new lodge duly constituted No. — , &e.; upon which all the members of the' new lodge, (after the customs of Masons,) return their cordial thanks for the honor of this Constitution, and the lodge is closed. 11th. The Master thus acting under Dispensation, makes return to the Grand Secretary of his proceed- ings therein. 12th. No Warden of a Subordinate lodge shall enter upon the duties of his office until he shall have taken the Degree of Past Master, which degree the officers being Past Masters have the undoubted right to confer. CHAPTEB XII. OF PROCEEDINGS IN RETURNING CHARTERS. 1st. Whenever a question shall be agitated in a Subordinate lodge, having in view the return of its Charter to the Grand Lodge, the said Subordinate Lodge shall be convened by summonses, issued at least one month before the first discussion of the question of returning the Charter shall be- had ; and the Tiler or person appointed to summon the brethren, shall make due return of the persons summoned. 2d. When in conformity to the aforesaid sum- monses, the lodge shall be convened, the concurrence of a majority of at least two-thirds of the members present shall be necessary, before the proposal for returning the Charter shall be entered of record. If such majority be found, this proposition shall lie over until the next regular meeting of the lodge, and MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 231 summonses and return thereof shall be made as before. At the said next regular meeting of the lodge, the subject shall again be discussed ; and if two-thirds of the attending members shall be in favor of giving up the Charter, the reasons on which such resolution is founded, shall be entered of record. 3d. Immediately after the passage of such resolu- tion, a schedule shall be made out and entered of record, of all the books, papers, jewels, furniture, funds, &c., belonging to the lodge, and also a list of all the creditors of, and debtors to the lodge. 4th. When these measures shall have been takep, the said lodge shall cause to be laid before the Grand Lodge, at the next succeeding Annual Com- munication, an accurate copy of the whole of their prdceedings, with the reasons, schedule, and list aforesaid, when the Grand Lodge will on thus pos- sessing the whole subject, take such order on the case of such private lodge, as shall appear to be right and proper. 5th. When the determination of any lodge to re- turn its Charter, shall be confirmed by the Grand Lodge, or when a lodge shall be declared dormant or extinct, the books, papers, funds, furniture, and everything else belonging to such lodge, should come under the control, direction and safe keeping of the Grand Lodge, as the paternal representative of the Craft throughout its jurisdiction. 232 HAEEIS' CHAPTEE XIII. SECTION I. OF PROCEEDINGS IN REMOVING LODGES. 1st. No motion can be made for the removal of a lodge in the absence of the Master. But if a motion be made while he is present, for removing the lodge to some more convenient place, within the district assigned by the Charter, and the said motion be sec- onded, the Master shall order summonses to every individual member of the lodge, specifying the busi- ness and appointing a time, not less than ten days distant, for discussing and determining thereon. And if, on the ultimate vote, the Master is not of the ma- jority, the lodge shall not be removed, unless two- thirds of the members present vote for such remoVal. 2d. But if the Master refuses to direct such summons- es to be issued, then either of the Wardens may author- ize the same; and if the Master neglects to attend on the day therein appointed, the lodge may under the direction of the Warden, proceed to a decision. 3d. If the lodge thus regularly decide on a removal, the Master or Warden shall send notice to the Grand Secretary, that such removal may be recorded in the books of the Grand Lodge. SECTION II. OF GRAND LECTURER. Ist. Each year, at the election of the officers, there shall be elected a Grand Lecturer, whose duty it shall be to visit and instruct the lodges and members thereof when requested so to do. MASONIC TEXT-BOOK, 233 2d. In his instructions he shall conform to the Ac- cepted Eitual, as taught by the Grand Working Com- mittee, or the Committee on Work, as adopted by the Grand Lodge, and the laws of the same as contained in Harris' Text-Book. 3d. He shall be ex officio Chairman of the Grand Working Committee. 4th. The Grand Lecturer shall receive as compen- sation for his services such amount per day as is al- lowed other Grand Lodge officers, while he is engaged in his official duties, such expenses to be paid by the lodges or parties to whom such services are rendered. 5th. On any such visit of instruction, if he shall discover any immoral or masonic irregularity among the members of said lodges, or in the lodges thfem- selves, he shall report the same to the District Deputy Grand Master of the District. 6th. He shall annually, at each Grand Annual Communication, make a report in writing of his acts and doings during the year. CHAPTER XIV. OF DISTRICTS AND DISTRICT DEPUTY GRAND MASTERS. 1st. All the subordinate lodges under this jurisdic- tion shall be laid off in Districts, and any lodge which may be revived, or any new lodge which may be es- tablished, shall be assigned its position and number by the Grand Lodge accordingly. 2d. Every subordinate lodge, at the stated meeting in the months of September, October or November, shall recommend some brother of respectability and 234 HABRIS' skill, who is a Master of a lodge, or regular Past Mas- ter, and a resident in the Masonic district in which the lodge so recommending is situated, as District Deputy Grand Master for the said district for the year thence ensuing; and said lodge shall return the name of the person so recommended, with the annual return, to each Grand Annual Communication. 3d. Every brother so recommended and nominated as District Deputy Grand Master, shall be satisfacto- rily vouched for as a Past Master of a lodge, and well skilled in the first, second and third degrees of Mason- ry, as the work is now prescribed by this Grand Lodge. 4th. The Most Worshipful Grand Master, with the advice of the Deputy Grand Master, the Senior Grand Warden and the Junior Grand Warden, shall be ves- ted with the power to appoint, annually, a District Deputy Grand Master for each district, who shall ex- ercise all the functions and enjoy all the privileges prescribed thereby. 5th . Every District Deputy Grand Master so ap- pointed shall be furnished with a warrant of his ap- pointment, signed by the Grand Master and attested by the Grand Secretary, with the seal of the Grand Lodge affixed; upon receipt whereof, in all cases where they decline to act, they are required forthwith to re- turn the warrant of appointment; whereupon the Grand Master is authorized and requested to make a new appointment, to continue in force until the next Grand Annual Communication. 6th. Immediately after every appointment of District Deputy Grand Masters as aforesaid, the Grand Secre- MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 235 tary shall forward to each of the subordinate lodges a list of the names of the persons appointed, with the lodges composing the districts placed under their su- perintendence respectively. 7th . The duties of the District Deputy Grand Mas- ters shall be as follows, and each of them, by virtue of his appointment, shall possess full power and author- ity to carry these duties into effect: 8th. Each District Deputy Grand Master shall have jurisdiction of all appeals within his district, in the following manner, to wit: On notice by him duly re- ceived of an appeal, he shall forthwith summon five or more officers or skilled Master Masons, to meet at such time and place as may be most convenient, to hear and determine the whole subject matter of the appeal, and to make report of their proceedings to him, the said District Deputy Grand Master, reserving to either party the right of final appeal to the Grand Lodge, upon the record. 9th. Each District Deputy Grand l^laster shall visit every lodge in his district at least once during the term of his appointment; and of such intended visit he shall give the Master or Secretary of the lodge notice. 10th. At every such visit the District Deputy Grand Master is to preside in the lodge, after it is opened and he is introduced. He is to examine the records of the lodge, and see if they are regularly kept, to in- form himself of the number of members, and whether they are generally punctual in their attendance; to in- quire whether the lodge be in a flourishing or a de- clining state; to point out any errors he may observe 236 HABRIS' in their conduct or manner of working, and to use every effort to enforce a compliance with the Work of the Grand Lodge; to instruct them in every x>articu- lar wherein he may conceive them to require informa- tion; to recommend attention to the moral and benev- olent principles of our Institution ; caution in the ad- mission of candidates, and a punctual representation of their lodge at every meeting of the Grand Lodge. 11th. When any District Deputy Grand Master shall discover, either in his own district or in any other part of the jurisdiction of this Grand Lodge, any Masonic error or evil, whether it appertain to an individual or to a lodge, he shall immediately endeavor, by Masonic means, to arrest its progress; and if he shall judge it to be expedient, he is forthwith to forward to the Grand Master or Grand Secretary full information of the whole subject. 12th. The several District Deputy Grand Masters are authorized and required to receive the whole pro- perty belonging to any dormant or extinct lodge; and except in cases where a different disposition has been made, or may hereafter be made, in relation to any part or the whole thereof, to forward to the Grand Secretary the several Charters, Jewels, Seals, Books, Papers, Floor Cloths, &c., and to sell the other furni- ture and personal property of such extinct or dormant lodge, and account for the proceeds to the Grand Lodge. 13th. Previously to every annual meeting of the Grand Lodge, every District Deputy Grand Master shall, so far as is proper to be done, make out in writ- ing a candid and faithful report of the state of each MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 237 lodge in his district, and forward it to the Grand Sec- retary, to be laid before the Grand Lodge; and such report shall be read to the Grand Lodge during the session; and on failure to send said report, shall be ineligible to reappointment. 14th. In the Grand Lodge, the District Deputy Grand Masters, who are not officers or representatives thereof, shall sit as a distinct body, and in all ques- tions shall have one vote collectively. 15th. It is recommended to all the Subordinate Lodges under this jurisdiction, to pay all the neces- ary expenses of their District Deputy Grand Masters, while in the discharge of their official duties. CHAPTER XV. OF THE ELECTION AND DUTIES OF OFFICERS OF THE GRAND LODGE. SECTION I. 0/ the Election of the Grand Officers generally. 1st. The election of all the officers of the Grand Lodge shall take place by ballot on the second evening of every Grand Annual Communication, and shall have the priority of all other business of that evening, the minutes of the Grand Master's proceedings during the recess having been previously read. 2d. In all cases of election of officers, the suffrages of a majority of all the members present who are en- titled to vote, shall be necessary to constitute a pro- per election. 3d. All these elections shall be for one year, and until another election shall be made; nevertheless, the 238 HABEIS' Grand Master, the Deputy Grand Master and Grand Wardens, may be elected for two years successively, and the other Grand Officers as often as may be the pleasure of the Grand Lodge. 4th . Every member of this Grand Lodge shall, with the preceding limitations, be eligible to any office therein, and may be elected whether he be present or absent. 5th . Election to an office in the Grand Lodge shall be no cause for disqualification from holding an office in a subordinate lodge. SECTION II. Of the Grand Master. 1st. The Presiding Officer shall request the Grand Lodge to nominate some skilful brother or brethren for the office of Grand Master. Should there be only one member in nomination, it shall be the indispensa- ble duty of the Most Worshipful to nominate one other in opposition, with this exception, that if the present Grand Master is again eligible, and willing to serve another year, he shall instruct his Deputy to nominate the candidate in opposition. 2d. The Grand Master, if eligible, shall be at all times in nomination. 3d. The members shall then prepare their ballots for one of the brethren in nomination, to be collected by one of the Grand Deacons, or by the Tellers appointed for the purpose, when the Grand Master shall instruct the Tellers to examine the ballots and report to him in writing the number of votes in favor of each cap- MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 239 didate, and he shall immediately cause the brother hav- ing the greatest number of votes to be thrice pro- claimed aloud by the Grand Secretary, Grand Mas- tee OF Masons. 4th. The Presiding Officer shall then cause the Grand Master elect to be conducted to the chair, and after introducing him to the members as a skilful and faithful brother, shall proceed to invest him with the badge of his office, and install him in due form; upon which all the members shall salute. him accord- ing to the ancient customs of Masons. SECTION HI. Of the Deputy Grand Master, Grand Wardens, &c. 1st. The Grand Master-elect shall next nominate some skilful brother for the office of Deputy Grand Master, and the Grand Lodge shall nominate one or more in opposition, and the members having the greatest number of votes shall be declared duly elected, and shall in like manner be introduced, in- stalled, and saluted by the brethren. 2d. In like manner shall the Grand Lodge proceed in the election of the Grand Wardens, and all the re- maining officers. SECTION IV. Of the Grand Secretary and his Deputy. 1st. The office of Grand Secretary is of very great importance in the Grand Lodge, from the variety and multiplicity of business committed to his care, and from the learning, abilities and attention necessary for the proper management of it. 240 HARRIS' 2d. All the proceedings of the Grand Lodge are to be drawn into form and recorded by him. 3d. All petitions from new lodges, applications and appeals, are to pass through his hands; and no Char- ter or other instrument of writing is authentic without his attestation, and affixing the Grand Lodge Seal. 4th. As soon as possible after each Grand Annual Communication, he is to transmit to each lodge three copies of the Proceedings of the Grand Lodge, a list of contributions paid to the Grand Lodge, and ac- curate lists of the officers, Past Masters and Members of every lodge in the jurisdiction. 5th. The general correspondence with lodges, and with brethren throughout the world, is to be con- ducted by him, agreeably to the voice of the Grand Lodge, and the instructions of the Grand Master. 6th, The Grand Secretary, by virtue of his office, shall bq a member of the Grand Lodge, and have a right to vote along with the Grand Officers in all cases, 7th. He shall also have the right of appointing his own Deputy or Assistant, who must be a Master Ma- son ; but such Deputy shall not by virtue of that ap- pointment, be a member of the Grand Lodge. SECTION V. Of the Grand Treasurer and his Assistant. Ist. To the Grand Treasurer is committed the care of the moneys raised for General Charity and other uses of the Grand Lodge, an account of which he is regularly to enter in a book, with the respective pur- poses for which the several sums are intended. He is likewise to disburse the same on legal orders, and MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 241 to keep an accurate account of his disbursements; and as compensation for his services shall be allowed two per centum commission on all moneys which may come into his hands as Grand Treasurer. 2d. The Grand Treasurer or his Assistant, shall always be present in the Grand Lodge, and ready when required, to attend the Grand Master and other offi- cers, with his books for inspection, as well as any Grand Committee that may be appointed, for examin- ing and adjusting his accounts. 3d. The Grand Treasurer shall receive in payment of annual contributions, all sums that may be offered by the subordinate lodges: and if in notes of chartered banks, any loss should be thereby sustained, he shall charge the same to the Grand Lodge. 4th. He shall regularly render his accounts, up to the close of each Annual Communication, and he shall also open and keep an account against the Grand Secretary, in which he shall charge him with all fees for Charters, Diplomas, &c, 5th. The Grand Treasurer shall be a member of the Grand Lodge, and shall vote with the Grand Officers. 6th. He shall have the right to appoint an assistant,.. who must be a Master Mason ; but such assistant shall not thereby be a member of the Grand Lodge. SECTION VI. OF THE COMMITTEES. Of the Committee of Correspondence. A Committee of Fraternal Correspondence, consist- ing of five members, shall be appointed annually by the 242 HABBIS' Gi;and Master during the sitting of the Grand Lodge, whose duty it shall be during the recess of each Grand Annual Communication, to peruse, and when in the opinion of said Committee it may be necessary, to answer any communication which may from time to time be addressed to this Grand Lodge by other Grand Lodges; and the said Committee is hereby re- quired to make report of their proceedings at every Grand Annual Communication succeeding its said appointment. This Committee shall also review such proceedings of the Grand Lodges as may come to them. Of the Committee on Work. At each Grand Annual Communication, a Commit- tee of eight members shall be appointed by the Grand Master, to be called the "Working Committee;" whose duty it shall be, to attend on the Annual Communica- tion if required by the Grand Lodge, or Grand Mas- ter, and to exemplify to any brother or brethren wishing it, the three degrees of Masonry. Of the other Com.mittees. 1. A Committee on Grievances and Appeals, to consist of seven, whose duties shall commence at the close of the Grand Annual Communication at which they are appointed, and continue until the close of the next succeeding Grand Annual Communication, and that they have power to sit during the recess. 2d. A Committee on Masonic Jurisprudence which shall pass upon such matters as may be referred to it. MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 243 SECTION VII. Of the Grand Deacons. lat. The Grand Deacons are membera of the Grand Lodge. 2d. Their duty is principally to assist the Grand Master and Senior and Junior Grand Wardens, in conducting the business of the Grand Lodge. SECTION VIII. Of the Grand Tiler and Grand Pursuivant. Ist. The Grand Tiler and Grand Pursuivant must be intelligent Master Masons. But neither of them is by virtue of his office, a member of the Grand Lodge. 2d. The Grand Tiler's duty is to attend at the out- side of the Hall door, and to take care that none but members or visitors duly authorized, shall enter; and not even members or visitors while the body is in session, without first reporting them through the Grand Pursuivant, and receiving the Grand Master's permission. 3d. The Grand Tiler is also to summon the mem- bers on any special emergency, by order of the Grand Master or his Deputy, signified to him under the signature of the Grand Secretary or his Clerk. 4th. The business of the Grand Pursuivant is to at- tend withinside the door of the Grand Lodge, and to report from the Grand Tiler the names of all brethren applying for admission. He is also to carry messages while the Grand Lodge is open, and to perform sun- dry other services, only known in the Grand Lodge. *CODE OF BY-LAWS FOB. THE *GOVERNMENT OF A LODGE. ARTICLE I. OF THE MEETINGS OF THE LODGE. The Stated Meetings of Lodge, No. , shall be held on the evening in each month: on the Festivals of St. John the Baptist, and St. John the Evangelist; and on the eve of St. John the Baptist, for the installation of otBcers. ARTICLE II. OF THE ELECTION OP OFFICERS. Section 1. The officers of the lodge shall be chosen by bal- lot, at the stated meeting preceding the Feast of St. John the Baptist, in every year, and shall be installed on the eve of that Festival. Sec. 2. Before the election of officers takes place, the list of delinquents shall be called over; and no member who may be in arrears to the lodge, to the amount of $ , shall be entitled to hold an office, ballot or vote in any case whatever. Sec. 3. No brother holding an office in any other Subordi- nate Lodge, the Tiler and Secretary excepted,) shall be elig- ible to any office in this Lodge. ARTICLE III. [OF SOME PAETICULAE DUTIES. Section 1. It shall be the duty of the Master at every meet- *Thia form is inserted as a guide and for the benefit of new lodges tliat may be engaged in preparing thereby a Code of By-Laws for their govern- ment. 246 HAKBI8 ing, when time will admit of it, to give the brethren the benefit of a lecture in one of the degrees. See. 2. The Treasurer shall keep a regularaccountof all re- ceipts and disbursements, and shall make a report every quarter, or at such other times as the lodge or the W.M. may direct. Sec. 3. The Secretary shall collect the introductory fee for each degree, and shall acknowledge himself satisfied in this respect, before any degree shall be conferred. Sec. i. The Secretary, on application, shall furnish any member of this lodge with a certificate of standing, provided the said member shall have paid all dues to the date. Sec. 5. The Stewards shall provide such refreshments as the Master or Presiding Warden shall direct; provided that the expenses of the lodge for any one meeting, all things in- cluded, (except the Tiler's fee and occasional charges for mu- sic,) shall not exceed § ; and provided, that thislawshall not interfere with the right of individuals at called meetings to provide such refreshments as they may judge necessary. Sec. 6. The Livery of the lodge shall be white aprons and gloves, and it shall be the" duty of the Tiler to see that every brother is properly clothed before he enters the lodge. Sec. 7. Any brother who may wish to speak on any subject, shall rise and address the Worshipful Master in due form, and no brother shall be allowed to speak more than twice on any subject, without leave. Sec. 8. No brother shall absent himself from the lodge af- ter having taken his seat, without leave from the Worshipful Master. Sec. 9. No iniliatoD shall take place on the evening of the annual election, unless the candidate be about to travel. Sec. 10. Any member wishing to obtain a Grand Lodge Diploma, shall make application to the lodge in person or by proxy; and if he has paid all lodge dues he shall obtain a certificate signed by the Master and attested by the the Sec- retary, with the seal of the lodge attached thereto, setting forth his good Masonic character. MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 247 CHAPTER IV. OF EECOMMENDATlONS AND BALLOTING. Section 1. No brother shall be recommended as a candidate for membership to this lodge, unless he is a person whose character is well known to the generality of the members. Sec. 2. Every candidate for initiation must possess the re- quisites specified in the Book of Constitutions; must have re- sided in the State of Virginia for one year, and in the City of , or Connty of , twelve months, and must be re- commended by petition in writing, signed by himself, and seconded by two members of the lodge, at a Stated Meeting, and shall stand recommended one month, (except in cases of emergency,) after which time he shall be balloted for. Sec. 3. Every member who recommends a candidate for Initiation, shall deposit dollars in the hands of the Sec- retary, the said dollars to be returned if the candidate be rejected; if he be received aud initiated, it shall be con- sidered as part of his Initiation Fee; but if he be received and do not apply to be initiated within months, it shall be forfeited to the Charity Fund. Sec. 4. Every member who recommends a candidate for membership, shall deposit dollars in the hands of the Secretary at the time: the said dollars to be returned if he be rejected; but if he be received, it shall constitute the fee for membership. Sec. 5. The mode of recommending and balloting for brethren who may wish to become members of this lodge, shall, in every respect, (except the petition and fee) be the same as in recommending candidates for Initiation. Sec. 6. Every candidate for Membership or Initiation, after having been regularly recommended, shkll be balloted for and disposed of by the lodge. Sec. 7. In balloting for a candidate, one black ball shall reject him, and, when rejected, he shall not be again eligible for twelve months. Sec. 8. Bach person Initiated, Passed and Raised in this 248 BABBIS' lodge, shall be permitted to declare himself a member hereof without the fee for membership. ARTICLE V. OF FEES AND EXPENSES. Section 1. Every member, except the Secretary and Tiler, shall pay into the funds of the Treasury ■ • dollars per annum, in monthly payments. Sec. 2. The Fee for Initiation shall be dollars; for Passing dollars; and for Raising dollars. Sec. 3. The expenses attending any extraordinary or called meeting, shall be defrayed by the person or persons for whose convenience or benefit the meeting may be called. Sec. 4. The Tiler, as a compensation for his services, shall receive dollars for every meeting, and the Secretary dollars. Sec. 5. The fee for membership shall be dollars, and shall constitute a contribution to the Charity Fund of that amount. Sec. 6. Should any member absent himself from the Lodge for twelve months successively, or be in arrears to the Lodge to the amount of dollars, he shall be summoned to ap- pear at the next regular meeting to show cause why he should not be suspended therefor. ARTICLE VI. OF COMMITTEES. Section 1. In the appointment of all committees the Mas- ter shall have the right to nominate two members, after which the lodge may nominate as many others as they may think proper. Sec. 2. A Standing Committee shall be appointed after every annual election to examine the Treasurer's and Secre- tary's accounts, who shall report the condition thereof at the next Stated Meeting. Sec. 3. The Master and Wardens, or any two of them, shall be a Committee of Charity, for the relief of transient breth- MA8ONI0 TEXT-BOOK. 249 ren in distress, and shall report their proceedings at the Sta- ted Meeting in May. ARTICLE VII. OF VISITORS. Every brother of good standing and of regular habits, is at liberty to visit this lodge once, free of expense, but on the second visit, (unless he be a contributing member of a lodge), he is to pay, for the use of the lodge, cents, which it shall be the duty of the Tiler to collect, except when such visitor be invited by a member of this lodge. ARTICLE VIII. OF WITHDRAWALS. Any member may withdraw himself from the lodge on pay- ing all dues and giving notice to the lodge, either personally or by proxy, but no member shall be considered as having regularly withdrawn himself until he has complied with this article. ARTICLE IX. OF THE BY-LA VS'S. Section 1. Whoever may wish to introduce a new law, or alter an existing one, shall at a Stated Meeting, hand up the said law or alteration, in writing; if it be then seconded, it shall be audibly read by the Secretary, and lie over till the next Stated Meeting, and then be submitted to the deter- mination of the brethren present. Sec. 2. Whoever may wish to introduce a general revision of these By-Laws, shall, at a Stated meeting, hand up a writ- ten notice thereof, which shall, if the majority agree thereto, lie over until the next Stated Meeting, and then be deter- mined on by the brethren present. Sec. 3. Every member shall be furnished with a printed copy of these By-Laws at the expense of the lodge. Sec. 4. These laws shall go into operation from the passage thereof, and all laws heretofore passed are hereby repealed. Masonic Trials. In works on Masonic Jurisprudence the subject of trials of those who are charged with masonic offences is considered more elaborately and under many more heads than we can possibly give to the subject in a work of the scope and nature of oar Text-Book. In these elaborate works the subject is considered under the heads of the offence; the tribunal; the jurisdiction; the charge; the answer; the proofs; the argument; the deliberation; the judgment and the penalty: each one of which is given full and free consideration in separ- ate Chapters, in which each subject is expatiated upon at great length. In the present instance we will pre- sume that every meson who may elect to allege a charge against a brother and craftsman is satisfied that a masonic offence has been committed, and that he knows that the burden of presenting proofs in sup- port of his charge to the tribunal which' shall sit in judgment upon the case rests upon him. And as ma- sons observe the well established principle of the old Hebrew law that if a false charge be brought against another, and cannot be established, that the accuser shall have meted out to him the same punishment which would have been visited upon the party who was charged with the offence, had it been proven — it is evident that no brother should ever make an ac- 252 EABBIS' cusation against his fellow until he is satisfied he can establish the trnth as charged. In the conduct of a masonic trial it should be con- stantly borne in mind that the one object in view is the acquisition of truth, and the establishment of the correctness or the falsity of the charges. Therefore, every part of the investigation is to be conducted in the simplest and the least technical manner; in that manner which while it enables the lodge to obtain a thorough knowledge of all the facts in the case, at the same time does not fail to protect and observe the rights and privileges of the accused as well as the Or- der. The rules by which such trials are conducted are not hard to understand and are as follows : 1st. The charge, or every portion thereof which is proper to be written, should be made in writing, and should set out with clearness and precision the nature of the offence ; and in the specifications should indi- cate the time and place and particulars of the crime, and its commission ; as well as the persons concerned, or by whom the charges are to be proven. This is necessary, since every defendant is entitled to know definitely the nature and substance of the accusation against him, that he may prepare for his defence. The following is a clear and concise FOBM OF CHARGES. To the Worshipful Master, Wardens, and Brethren of Lodge, No , Ancient Free and Accepted Masons. Brother A. B., a Master Mason (or F. C, or E. A.) of (here state the residence, membership, affiliation, MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 253 non-affiliation, or other Masonic standing of the ac- cused), is hereby charged with unmasonio conduct, in this — to-wit: Specification 1 — That the said A. B., on the day of ■ . ■ , A. L. 59... , at (village or city) of , in the county of. ... , State of . . . , did violently assault and strike Brother C. D. (Or state what was done.) Specijlcation 2 — That the said A. B., on the day and at the place aforesaid, did speak and use toward the said Brother C. D., the following scandalous and in- sulting language, to-wit : (here set out the words used.) Specification 3— That the said A. B., on the day and at the place aforesaid, did, in presence and hearing of several persons, speak and utter, of and concerning the said Brother C. D., the following slanderous and malicious words, to-wit : (here set out the words), and that the persons referred to herein were , . and . All of which acts of the said A. B. were in violation of his duties and obligations as a Mason, and to the in- jury of the said 0. D., as well as to the scandal and disgrace of the Masonic fraternity ; wherefore it is demanded that the said A. B . be put upon trial there- for, and dealt with according to Masonic law and usage. In witness whereof the undersigned has signed the foregoing charge at , this . . Day of . . A. L. 59... C D.... If the charges are introduced by either fo the War- dens, by direction of the lodge, they should sign them in their official capacity. 254 HABEIS' All names should be written in full. Specifications should be added for each separate state of facts con- stituting a Masonic offence, with reasonable certainty as to time, place, and other particulars. FOBMS OF SPECIFICATIONS OF VARIOUS OFFENCES. Drunkenness 1 — That the said A. B., on the day of. . . ., A. L. 59 , at. . . .,in the of State of . . . , was in a state of gross intoxication, from the intemperate use of intoxicating and spirituous liquors. 2. — That the said A. B., on the day of , A. L. 59 . . . , at . . • , in the county of .... , State of , and for a long time previous thereto — to-wit, for years last past, and at di'vers other places in the said county and state, and notwithstanding the frequent warnings and admonitions of the officers and brethren of this Lodge — was addicted to the excessive use of intoxicating liquors, and to the evil habit of frequent and gross intoxication and druDkenness. Theft — That the said A. B., on the .... day of , A. L. 59 .... at ... in the county of. ... , state of . . , did wilfully steal and take from Brother C. D. (or Mr. C. D.) of twenty dollars in money. (If the theft be of other property than money, describe the property.) Fraud — That the said A. B , on the ... day of. ... , A, L. 59 , in the county of . . . , state of • . . , did wilfully cheat, wrong, and defraud Brother C. D. by making to said C. D. certain false and fraudulent rep- resentations concerning a certain horse which he then and there sold to the said C. D., and which the said C. D. was by means of said false representations then and there induced to buy, and to pay therefor a MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 255 large sum of money — to-wit, the sum of one hundred dollars; which representations were, that the said horSe was sound, true, and kind, when in fact the said horse was not such, as the said A. B. well knew. [When charges are preferred for violation of any provision of the Constitution or By-Laws, the article or section violated should be specified particularly as well as the facts of the violation.] The charges and specifications having been written out fully as above and being signed by the accuser, must be delivered to the Secretary of the lodge. The papers delivered thus to the Secretary, are not his private property ; but, he receives them as a sacred trust, and in custody until the lodge convenes in a re- gular communication. After having been once de- liveired to the Secretary they are not to depart out of his custody until they are read to the lodge. The first regular communication after the receipt of charges is the one at which they should be read, and be submitted to the lodge for its action. If received by a vote of the lodge, a date should be set for the trial. The first step in the proceeding being com- pleted, the Secretary enacts the next. 2nd. A true copy of the charges and specifications, attested by the Secretary of the lodge, and accompa- nied by a summons to appear and answer at the regu- lar communication set for the trial shall be served upon the accused. The duty of serving these papers is entrusted to the Secretary ; but it is usually per- formed by one of the appointed officers of the lodge, who is generally the Tiler. This is the method of pro- cedure where personal service can be effected; but 256 HABBIS' if the accused is living beyond the geographical juris- diction of the lodge, or if service is impracticable in any other manner a summons accompanied by a copy of the charges should be mailed to the usual or last known post-office address of the accused by regis- tered letter. The following will be found a useful FOBM OF SUMMONS. To Brother A. B., of You are hereby summoned to appear at the regular communication of . . . .Lodge, No. . • , of Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, to be held at its lodge room at in the of ■ - , state of . . . , on the. . . dav of .., A, L. 59.. . , at ...o'clock P. M., then and there to make answer to the charges and specifica- tions now on file against you in said Lodge, a true copy of which charges and specifications is hereto annexed. Dated at ..,A. L. 59... By Order of the Lodge, (1^. E F , Secretary. ■i of the y (, lodge) The service of the summons and copy of charges should be made directly after the meeting at which they are ordered. The usual practice is to see that they are received by the accused at least ten days be- fore the date set for the trial. For the information of the lodge, which is the tri- bunal before whom the chargies are to be examined into, and each member of which sits as one of a bench MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 257 of judges in a trial court, there should be returned a certificate, setting out the facts that the accused has been furnished a copy of the charges against him, and a summons to appear and make answer thereto. Here is a form of such CEETIPICATE OF SEEVICE. I, G. H., do hereby certify that on the . . . day of , A. L. 59 . . . . , at , in the of , state of. ... , I served personally (or at his last known place of residence) upon Brother A. B. a true copy of the charges and specifications filed against him in ... . Lodge, No. . . , of Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, on the day of A. L. 59. ., by C. D., accompa- nied by the summons of said Lodge, under the seal thereof, requiring him to appear and answer said charges and specifications at the regular communica- tion of said Lodge, to be held on the. . . .day of . . . , A. L. 59... Dated . . . A. L. 59 . . . G H Secretary or Tiler. [The officer making the foregoing certificate should sign it in his official capacity.] 3rd. The answer— The charges having been re- ceived by the accused, it is his privilege to make ans- wer to the same. In this paper he may deny his guilt entirely or plead not guilty, or he may admit the cor- rectness of the charges in part or plead gidlty to cer- tain specifications, while he denies or pleads not guilty to others ; or he may admit the charges as made and may set up extenuating or justifiable reasons for his 258 HABBIS acts ; or lastly, he may deny the jurisdiction of the lodge, i. e. he may set up a plea against the right of the lodge to try him ; or he may question the validity or the regularity of the charges. In any event the ans- wer should be in writing and should be filed by the accused or his counsel, as his first step in the case, the other movements in the case having been made by the accuser and the lodge. The following forms will be useful as guides in the preparation of an answer to charges of masonic mis- conduct : FOEM OP DENIAL 01" JURISDICTION. To the Worshipful Master, Wardens, and Brethren of . . . -Lodge, No . . • , of Ancient Free and Accepted Masons. In the matter of the charges and specifications in- troduced in said Lodge on the .... day of . . . , A. L. 59.. ., by C D., against A. B., comes the said A. B. in person (or by T. Z. his counsel), and denies the jurisdiction of said Lodge in the premises, for the following reasons, to-wii: 1. Because the said A. B. did not, at the time of the introduction of said charges and specifications, reside within the territorial jurisdiction of said lodge ; neither was he at that time a member of said lodge. 2. Because the acts alleged in said charges and specifications, if they were ever committed by the said A. B., were committed before his initiation in any lodge of Masons. Wherefore the said A. B. requests that the said charges and specifications be dismissed, and that he be excused from answering thereto. Dated A. L. 59... A B. ...M. MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 259 [Or other facts which would defeat the jurisdiction should be alleged in like manner. Upon the filing of such denial of jurisdiction, it is the privilege of the accused to introduce any proper proofs of the facta therein alleged ; after which the lodge should either sustain the question of jurisdiction or dismiss the case, as Masonic law and usage may require.] FORM OF DENIAL OF VALIDITY OE EEGULABITY OF THE CHAEGES AND SPECIFICATIONS. To the Worshipful Master, Wardens and Brethren of Lodge, No , of Ancient Free and Accepted Masons. In the matter of the charges and specifications in- troduced in said Lodge on the . . . day of . . , A. L. 59. . . , by C. D., against A. B., comes the said A. B. in person (or by Y. Z. his counsel), and denies the validity and regularity of said charges and specifica- tions, for the following reasons — to-wit: 1. Because the acts alleged in the said charges and specifications are of a purely sectarian (or political) character, and do not in themselves constitute a Ma- sonic offence. 2. Because the time (or place, or both) of the commis- sion of the acts alleged is not set forth in said charges and specifications with reasonable distinctness. Wherefore the said A. B. requests that the said charges and specifications be dismissed, and that he be excused from further answering thereto. Dated...., A. L. 59... A B [Asunder the former denial, the accused will submit 260 HABBIS'' proofs, and will present any other reason for his denial of the regularity of the charges of any matters of fact therein alleged.] ANSWER OF "not GDILTY." To the Worshipful Master, Wardens, and Brethren of - . . Lodge, No. . . , of Ancient Free and Accepted Masons. In the matter of the charges and specifications in- troduced in said Lodge on the day of - . . , A. L. 59. . , by C. D., against A. B., comes the said A. B. in person (or by T. Z. his counsel), and says that he is not guilty of the said charges and specifications, nor of any of them. Dated.".., A. L. 59.. . A B The answer of "guilty" is similar to the above, simply substituting the word guilty for not guilty, and omitting the words "nor of any of them." ANSWER OF "guilty" AS TO A PART, AND "NOT guilty" as to ANOTHER PART. To the Worshipful Master, Wardens, and Brethren of Lodge, No. . . , of Ancient Free and Accepted Masons. In the matter of the charges and specifications in- troduce^ in said Lodge on the day of , A. L. 59. .. , by C. D., against A. B., comes the said A. B. in person (or by Y. Z. his counsel), and answers as follows — namely : As to specification first, he says that he is guilty. As to specification second, he says that he is not guilty. MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 261 As to specifioatiou third, he says that he is not guilty. Dated.. ,A. L. 59... A B [The next form admitting the facts charged in the form of charges given on page 252-'3, needs to be read in connection with the said form of charges to be cor- rectly understood — for while it admits the charges, it at the same time justifies the acts.] ANSWER ADMITTING THE FACTS CHAKGED, AND SETTING UP OTHER FACTS IN JUSTIFICATION AND EXTENUATION. To the Worshipful Master, Wardens, and Brethren of Lodge, No , of Ancient Free and Accepted Masons. In the matter of the charges and specifications in- troduced in said Lodge on the ... day of A. L. 59 •■. , by C. D., against A. B., comes the said A. B. in person (or by Y. Z. his counsel), and answers as follows —namely : As to specification first, he admits that he did as- sault and strike the said C. D.; but he alleges that he did the same in necessary defence of his own person (family or propei;ty), the said C. D. having then and there first assaulted him ; and he furthei; alleges that he used no more force than was necessary to repel the injury which the said C. D. then and there at- tempted against him. (Here insert any other material facts in, justification.) As to specification second, he admits that he did use toward the said C- D. the words therein specified; but he alleges that he was greatly provoked thereto by 262 HABRIS' violent and abusive language then and there used to- ward him by the said C. D., which language was as follows : (Here set forth the language, and any other other material facts in extenuation.) As to specification third, he says that he is not guilty. Dated . . , A. L. 59 . . . A B The answer having been filed ; and if it raises an issue as to the right of the lodge's jurisdiction in the case or as to the validity of the charges ; and if the lodge sustains these objections the charges will be dismissed. But if the objections are over-ruled the trial will proceed as follows : 1st. The lodge will be opened in the regular form. 2nd. The W. M. will state the object of the meeting. 3rd. Counsel will be recognized or appointed. 4th. The Charge will be read and counsel will briefly state what he expects to prove. 5th. The Answer will be read and counsel will state his line of defence. 6th. Testimony will be introduced against the ac- cused. 7th. Testimony will be introduced in favor of the accused. 8th. The Argument follows : Usually this first by counsel for the accuser and then by the accused's counsel, each opening and presenting their case, and making such closing arguments as may be mutually agreed upon. 9th. Deliberation and Judgment. After the argu- ments have been concluded the accused and the ac- MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 263 cuser and their counsel, (and if the lodge so orders, which, is quite proper) all visitors are required to leave the lodge room. And at this stage of the proceedings the question of the guilt or innocence of the accused, the character of the testimony, and any other phase of, or matter touching the case may be discussed fully and freely by each member of the lodge. This is the most important step in the proceedings; and every fact, interest, and principle involved should be de- liberately canvassed; and every brother shojild dis- tinctly comprehend the issue in all its bearings. When this is accomplished the lodge is ready to vote upon the guilt or innocence of the accused. Every member should vote on the question of whether he be guilty or not. If by this vote he be found not guilty, the case is terminated. But, if he be found guilty, there is another very important step in the case. 10th. The penalty. The vote on this question fol- lows directly upon the finding of the accused guilty. And, as there are only three penalties known to Ma- sonic jurisprudence, the vote is taken upon the ques- tion in the following order, beginning with the highest and descending to the lowest until the necessary vote is given to declare the sentence : 1st, Expulsion ; 2nd, Indefinite Suspension ; 3rd, Definite Suspension ; 4th, Eeprimand. With the fixing of the Penalties the case closes ; unless an appeal be taken. The Funeral Service. No man can be interred with the formalities of the Order unless he has been raised to the degree of a Master Mason ; nor unless he has previously express- ed a desire that the service of the Order shall be per- formed for him. As no Entered Apprentice nor Fellow Craft can be buried with the ceremonies of the Order, neither are they permitted to walk in the processions which are formed to perform this function. All brethren who join in the procession on such oc- casions should wear black suits of clothes, black neck- ties and white aprons and gloves. The brethren having assembled at the lodge room or such other suitable place as may be selected : the presiding officer will open the lodge on the third or Master's degree. The object of the special meeting is stated from the chair, after which the following order of service is gone through with : Master. What man is he that liveth and shall not see death V Shall he deliver his soul frdih the hand of the grave ? Response. Man walketh in a vain shadow, he heap- eth up riches and cannot tell who shall gather them. 266 HABBIS' Master. When he dieth, he shall carry nothing away; his glory shall not descend after him. Response. Naked he came into the world and naked he must return. Master. The Lord gave and the Lord hath taken away, blessed be the name of the Lord. (The Master, then taking the Roll in his hand, re- cords the name, age and date of death of the deceased and says :) Let us live and die like the righteous that our last end may be like his. Response. God is our God forever and ever ; He will be our guide unto death. Master. Almighty Father ! in Thy hands we leave with humble submission the soul of our deceased brother. (The brethren answer three times — giving the Grand honors each time :) The will of God is accomplished ! So mote it be — Amen! (The Master then passes the Roll to the Secretary, who deposits it in the Archives, and the following prayer is repeated :) Chaplain. Most glorious God! author of all good and giver of all metcy, pour down Thy blessing upon us, and strengthen our solemn engagements with the ties of sincere affection. May the present instance of mortality remind us of our approaching fate, and draw our attention towards Thee, the only refuge in time of need ! This we ask in Jesus name. Amen ! A procession is then formed, which moves to the MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 267 house of the deceased, and from thence to the place of interment, in the following' order : OEDEE OP PEOCESSION. Band of Music; Tiler with a drawn Sword ; Stewards with white Bods ; Master Masons; Past Masters ; Senior and Junior Deacons ; Secretary and Treasurer ; Senior and Junior Wardens ; , The Holy Bible on a cushion covered with black crepe, and carried by the Chaplain of the lodge; The Master supported by two Deacons; The body with the / \ Insignia thereon ; Pall Bearers ; / Pall Bearers : Relatives and Mourners. When the procession arrives near the place of in- terment, the whole halts, and opening to the right and left, six feet apart, face inwards and uncover their heads, while the Body is borne by the Pall Bearers through the procession, which then moves on in in- verse order, and having arrived at the graye, the 268 HABBIS' members of the Lodge form a circle around tlie grare, the Clergyman and Officers of the Lodge taking their stations at the head of the grave, and the mourners at the foot. The service is then resumed, the Coffin placed over the grave, and the following exhortation is given : Master — From time immemorial it has been the cus- tom among Free and Accepted Masons, at the request of a brother, to accompany his corpse to the place of interment, and there to deposit his remains with the usual formalities. In conformity to this usage, and at the request of our deceased brother, whose memory we revere, and whose loss we now deplore, we have assembled in the character of Masons to offer up to his memory before the world, the last tribute of our affections, thereby demonstrating the sincerity of our past esteem, and our steady attachment to the principles of the Order. My Bbethren : Here we view a striking instance of the uncer- tainty of life and the vanity of all human pursuits. The last offices paid to the dead are only useful as les- sons to the living ; from them we are to derive instruc- tion, and to consider every solemnity of this kind as a summons to prepare for our dissolution. Notwithstanding the various mementoes of mortal- ity with which we daily meet ; notwithstanding Death has established his empire over all the works of na- ture ; yet, through some unaccountable infatuation, we forget that we are born to die, we go on from one design to another, add hope to hope, and lay out MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 269 plans for the employment of many years, till we are suddenly alarmed with the approach of Death. What are all the externals of majesty, the pride of wealth, or charms of beauty, when Nature has paid her just debt ? Fix your eyes on this last scene and view life stripped of her ornaments, and exposed in her natural meanness ; and let the present example excite our most serious thoughts and strengthen our resolutions of amendment. As life is uncertain and all earthly pursuits are vain, let us no longer post- pone the all-important concern of preparing for eter- nity, but embrace the happy moment, while time and opportunity offer, to provide against the great change; when all the pleasures of this world shall cease to de- light, and the reflections of a virtuous and holy life, yiey the only comfort aud consolation. Thus our ex- pectations will not be frustrated, nor we hurried un- prepared into the presence of an All wise and Power- ful Judge, to whom the secrets of all hearts are known. Let us, while in this state of existence, support with propriety the character of our profession, advert to the nature of our solemn ties, and pursue with assidu- ity the sacred tenets of our Order. Then, with be- coming reverence, let us seek the favor of the Eternal God, whose goodness and power know no bounds, and prosecute our journey, without dread or appre- hension, to that far distant country from whose bourne no traveller returns ; then when arraigned at the Bar of Divine and Unbiased Justice, judgment shall be pronounced in our favor ; vre shall receive the reward of our labor and virtue, and acquire the possession 270 HARRIS' of an immortal inheritance, where joy flows in one continued stream, and no mound can check its course. The following invocations are then made by the Master : Master. May we profess what is good, and always act agreeably to our profession. Response. So mote it be. Master. May the Lord bless us and prosper us, and may all our good intentions be crowned with suc- cess. Response. So mote it be. Master. Glory be to God in the highest ; on earth peace and good will towards men. Response. So mote it be now, from henceforth and forever more — Amen ! The Apron is taken from the coffin and handed to the Master ; the coffin is deposited in the grave, and the Master, taking the Apron in his hand, says : This Lamb Skin, or White Leather Apron, is an emblem of Innocence, and the time-honored badge of a Free and i^ocepted Mason — more ancient than the Eoman Eagle or Golden Fleece ; more honorable than the Star and Garter, when worthily worn. This emblem I now deposit in the grave of our deceased brother. By this we are reminded that through the .universal dominion of death our brother has finished his earthly labor, and that his account now rests with his God. The Arm of Friendship cannot oppose the King of Terrors, nor the charms of Innocence elude his grasp. (The Master then takes from his pocket a white Glove, and holding it up to public view, says :) MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 271 This Glove is an omblem of Innocence and a token of Friendship, and though death in the present in- stance has severed and destroyed our social connexion with the deceased, let us remember that it has not impaired or weakened our obligations to the living. (The Glove is then deposited in the grave, and the Master presenting a Sprig of Evergreen, says :) The Evergreen is an emblem of Masonic faith in the immortality of the soul ; or that better part of man, which neither cross, accident, pain, sickness, nor death itself can destroy, but shall continue to bloom with an eternal verdure through an ever beginning to a never ending eternity ; and though the body of our deceased brother, now clothed in the habiliments of the dead and deposited in the silent grave, will soon mingle with the common mass of senseless matter, yet his spirit has returned to God who gave it. And we hope and trust hath ere this passed the portals of the Grand Temple of Jehovah, and before the Grand Tribunal of Unbiased Justice in the presence of my- riads of intelligent beings, received the heavenly plaudit of "well done, good and faithful servant, enter thou into life eternal." (The brethren then standing round the grave, sever- ally drop into it the Sprig of Evergreen. After which the public Grand Honors are given.) The Master then taking the Spade in his hand, strews earth three times on the grave, and says ; Unto the grave we resign the body of our deceased friend and brother, earth to earth, dust to dust, and ashes to ashes ; there to remain until the General Ee- surrection, in favorable expectation that his immortal 272 HABKIS' soul will then partake of joys which have been pre- pared for the righteous from the beginning of the world, and we pray Almighty God of His infinite goodness, at the dread tribunal of unbiased justice, to extend His saving mercy to him and all of us, and to crown our felicity with everlasting bliss in the ex- panded realms of unbounded eternity ; and this we beg for the honor of His holy name, to whom be glory now and forever. Mesponse. So mote it be — Amen ! The whole ceremony is then concluded by the fol- lowing Prayer from the Chaplain : Almighty d,nd Eternal God, in whom we live and move and have our being, and before whom all men must appear in the judgment day to give an account of their deeds in life, we who are daily exposed to the flying shafts of Death, and now surround the grave of our deceased brother, most earnestly beseech Thee to grant us Thy divine assistance, Oh ! merciful God, to redeem our misspent time ; and in the discharge of the important duties Thou bast assigned us in the erection of our moral edifice, may we have Wisdom from on high to direct us. Strength commensurate with our task to support us, and the Beauty of holi- ness to adorn and render all our performances ac- ceptable in Thy sight ; and when our work is done, and our bodies mingle with the mother earth, may our souls, disengaged from their cumbrous dust, flourish and bloom in eternal day, and enjoy that rest made perfect, which Thou hast prepared for all good and faithful servants, in that Spiritual House — that MASONIC TEXT-BOOK. 273 Holy Temple not made with hands, eternal in the Heavens. Amen ! Sesponse. So mote it be — Amen ! The Procession then returns to the place from whence it set out, where the necessary duties are complied withand the Lodge closed in due and an- cient form. INDEX TQ HARRIS' TEXT-BOOK. .A. PAGE. Abbey, Westminster — Built by Masons 27 ABraham communicated Masonry to the Canaanites . 11 Acknowledgement of Grant of Charter to Prince Hall . 64 Adam, Not ignorant of Geometric Principles 8 Admission to Membership 196 Advancement • • • i, ■ ■• 1S7 African Grand Lodge of Massachusetts formed 67 African Lodge, No. 459 — Warrant to 61 —Prince Hall Master of .... 62 Ahibal, King of Tyre— beautiful city 13 Ahinlau Bezon . .... 77 Alderman or Mayor to meet with Masonic Lodge, . . . 16 All-Seeing Eye, The ... 182 Anchor and Ark, The . . 184 Ancient Charges at the Constitution of Lodges . . . . 17 Ancient English Grand Lodge 15 Ancient York Grand Lodge, organized ... .72 Ancient York Masoos ... 26 Answer to Charges . . . . ... 257 Answer to Charges — Form of . . . . . . 258-261 Antiquity of Masonry — Dr. Dove's account . . . 10 — Dr. Henry's account* .... 21 — from Old Mss. and Records . . 13 — Lessons on from Holy Writ . . 8 AppealSj of carrying from subordinate lodge . . . . 203 Application for Membership 196-197 Application for Warrant of African Lodge 59 Architecture, Order in ... . 162 Antiquity of . . 162 Invention of Order in . . .... 148 Ashler, The Rough . 148 The Perfect . ... 148 Astronomy . . 166 Athelstane, King of England . . .14 Granted Charter to Prince Edwin ... . 14 Taught Edwin Masonry . . 14 Granted Charter of Lodge at York, A D. 926 25 Attendance and Deportment 198 Auldbrey — Residence of Prince Edwin 25 INDEX. 275 Badge of a MaBon 137 Bee Hive, The 179 Behavior of Maapns — As members of a lodge 97 In the lodge 99 In their private character 100 Outside the lodge 100 Towards a foreign Brother 102 Book of Constitutions 77 Brotherly Love 150 Business— Rules observed in conducting before Grand Lodge . . 220-222 By-Laws — Form of for subordinate lodge 245-249 a Cain, Built a strong city called Dedicate 9 instructed. in Geometry 9 Candidates, Fortnitiation must be proposed by a Brother 194 Rejected, shall not be eligible until after 12 months . 195 How proposed . 88 Rights of 89 Cardinal Virtues, The . 151 Charge at Initiation of Entered Apprentice 153 at Raising of Fellow Craft 167 at raising to Master's Degree 187 Charges, Copy of must be furnished accused 25 Form of 252-253 Specifications in 253-254 Masonic, must be made in writing .252 Charity 144 Charter, Fee for 120 How granted 118-119 Clouded Canopy, The ... ... 144 Code of By-Laws 245-249. Colored Men as Masons . . 57 Concerning behavior of Masons 97 Diflerences and Law Suits 103 Constitution of Masonry . 77 Covering of the lodge 144 Deacons of a lodge . ... 112 and 214 The Grand Lodge 127 Dedicate: City built by Cain . . . 9 Degree of Entered Apprentice .... . . 134 Denial of Validity of Charges— Form of Answer ... 259 Denying Jurisdiction in Charges 259 Deputy Grand Master, His election 12a 276 INDEX. Edwin: Organized first Eaglish Orand Lodge 14 Summoned all Masons to meet at York .... 15 Edward: Rebuilt Westminster Abbey 27 Election of Officers in subordinate lodges 208 Entered Apprentice's Degree ... 134 Entered Apprentices, Cannot receive Masonic Burial . . 265 Not allowed in Funeral Procession 265 Euclid, The forty-seventh Problem of 184 Evergreen, The— An Emblem of Masonic Faith . . 271 Bye, The All-Seeing 182 Fellow Crafts, Cannot be buried with Masonic honors . 215 Degree ... 155 Cannot walk in Funeral Procession ... 11 Five Senses, The 164 Form of By-laws for subordinate lodge 245-249 Form of Petition 133 Fortitude 152 Forty-seventh Problem of Euclid 184 Free-born 87 Fuller, James E., Grand Master United Grand Lodge . . 76 Funeral Procession, Form of 267 Service, The 265-273 Furniture of a lodge 146 Geometry, Synonym of Masonry 5 The advantages of 164 The moral advantages of 165 God and Religion, Of 80 Government and the Civil Magistrate 81 Grand Communications 129 Grand Lodge, How organized ... 113 Meetings of 113 Officers, How elected 121 Particular business of, The 116 Particular Begulations of 118 Succession of officers in 115 Grand Visitations ... 129 Ham: Father of Nimrod or Belus 10 Heart, The naked 181 History of Grand Lodges 50 Grand Lodge of England 51 Colored men as Masons 57 Hour Glass, The 184 INDEX. 277 X JUustratiouB of Masonry . . 134 Incense, The pot of 179 Index, . . 274 Initiation — Candidates for must be proposed by a mem ber i 94 Installation of Officers in Subordinate Lodges . . . 208, 209 Isaac and Ishmael were taught Masonry by their Pro- genitor . . 11 Israelites practiced Masonry in Egypt 11 J Jewels of a lodge 148 The Immovfible . . 148 The Movable 148 Jones, James H., Grand Master F. and A. A. Y. M. . . 73 Justice 152 is: King Solomon's Temple 174 Law Suits — Masonic duty concerning 103 Lights of a lodge . . 146 Lodge — Ancient manner of constituting a §4 — Concerning governna^t of a 90 —Definition of a 90 and 193 Grand, A — Composition of 118 and 215 Meetings of a 113 Manner of visiting in 117-118 Offleeraof — Election and Duties . 113 and 121-127 Officers, Succession, order of . . .115-116 Particular Begulations of . . . . .118 Powers of 113 Quorum in 113 Who admitted in 114 Lodge— Its meetings . . . . .... 193-194 Officers of ... 193 Qualities of members of a . . ... 90 Should meet monthly .... 193 Should not be incorj)orated . . .... 194 Tiler of should be paid 194 Tiler of should be skilled Master Mason .... 194 Masonic Trials 251 Masonry: Antiquity of, as derived from Holy Writ ... 8 Definition of ... 5 278 INDEX. Oi>erative 6 Origin of— Preston's account 6 Speculative 5 Master of a lodge: Election, office and duty , 104 and 209-212 The Grand, How elect«d 122 Mason's Degree .... 170 Working tools 172 Meetings of a lodge .... 193 Melchisedeck: A venerable patron of ttie Order . . 11 Membership: Brethren desiring shall apply one month before decision can be given 196 Brethren rejected on application for, may apply to any lodge at any time .... 19T Every lodge to decide its own 197 Not limited ... .197 Methodical Digest . 191 Methuselah preserved Art of Masonry 9 Mizraim: Second son of Ham • • ... . ; . . . 10 Cultivated Masonry in Egypt 11 Erected the Pyramids in Egypt .... . . 11 National Grand Lodge formed 67 Need of Text-Book: Resolution setting out ofiFered in 1882 3 New members, proposing of ... . ... . 88 Noah: Progenitor of present race .10 Noachidae: Dwelt in Liand of Shinar . . .... 10 First name of Masons . 10 Name of French Masons 10 Nimrod: Founded Babylonian Empire 10 O Objects of Masonry .... 50 Officers of subordinate lodges, election of 208 Operative Masonry 5 Definition of 158 Objects of . . 49 Ornaments of a Ipdge 146 Penalties: For Masonic ofiences . 263 Penalty: To be agreed upon at close of trial . . . . .268 Pennsylvania First Independent African Grand Lodge . 67 Pennsylvania — Masonry introduced in 1797 ... . . 66 Petition: Form of 133 Portlook, Anthony A. ... ... opposite 69 . First Grand Master in Virginia . . 70 Pot of Incense, The . . 179 Prayer at Funeral Service 272 INDEX. 279 at Initiation of candidate 184 at Raising of a Master Mason 172 Preface , . . ... 3 Prince Hall: Ackpowledges grant of Warrant . . . 64 Applies for Warrant . . 59 Granted Dispensation for lodge in Penn- sylvania 66 Private qualities and duties 83 Procession: Order of on Funeral occasion 267 Prudence , , 152 Public business: Rules governing before Grand Lodge . . 128 Pursuivant, Tjie Grand . . 127 Pyramids, Erected in Egypt, by Mizraim 11 Q Qualifications of candidates 191-193- 13 Raising, Charge at 187,188 Regulations governing public business before Grand Lodge 128 Re-instatements, Of ... . 205 Relief 151 Returns, Contributions and Fees 222-224 Rliode Island — Masonry introduced in . . . ... 67 Scythe, The 185 Secrecy, A Masonic virtue . 84 Secretary of a lodge . . 110 and 213-214 The Grand — Election and duty 124 Senses, The Ave ' 164 Seth — Descendents of cultivated science of Qeometryj . 9 Built Seth's or Enoch's Pillars . . . 9 Succeeded Adam in direction of Craft 9 Seven Liberal Arts and Sciences, The 164 Sheriffbf county to meet with Masonic Lodges 16 Shinar — Land in which Masonry was first established . 10 Land from which Masonry spread . . .10 Solomon, Temple of King ... ... 174 Speculative Masonry .... 5 Definition of 159 Spheres — Doctrine of . 161 Steps, The three 179 Summons: Accused must be furnished written: Form of . 256 Supports of Masonry . . . . . . . 142 Supreme Masonic Body-National compact intended to be, 68 Sword, The, Guarding Book of Constitutions ...... 181 The Tyler's^ guarding Book of Constitutions 180 280 INDEX. T Temper and qualities of F. and A. Masons 80 Temperance 151 Temple, King Soloman's .... 174 Text-Book — Dr. H. L. Harris devSignated as compiler . . 3 Synopsis presented to G. L. in 1896 ... 3 " approved by G. L. in 1896 3 The Bee Hive ... 179 Pot of Incense 179 Three stages of human life 179 Three steps 179 The Tenets 150 Tiler of a lodge 112 The Grand 127 Should be skilled Master Mason 194 Should be paid 194 Town of London begun 1066 27 finished in reign of Wm. Bufus .... 27 Treasurer of a lodge Ill and 213 The Grand— His election and ofBce 126 Trials, Masonic 257 Order of proceeding with . 262 Trowel, The . . . . 173 Truth 151 Acquisition of, object of Masonic trials 252 Tyre, City of— built by Sidonian Masons 13 XT Union Grand Lodge of Virginia organized 75 United Grand Lodge of Virginia organized 70 Unmasonic conduct. Of— Power and mode of proceeding therein, 199 Trials for , 251 Visitation, Grand . . ■ . . 129-130 By I>. D. G. Masters . . . 130 Warrant of African Lodge, No. 459 ... 61 Warden, Grand Junior ' ' 124 Warden, Grand Senior [ ' 123 Wardensof a lodge— Election, &c., . . . . . 109 and 212-213 Westminster Abbey rebuilt by Edward .... ... 27 Work, All Masons should ] 98 Working tools of Master Masons .... 172 -ST York— Ancient seat of Masonic government 25 Free and Accepted Ancient .' ! .' 72 Grand Lodge organized ! ! 72