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A STORY 
 
 OF 
 
 SIX DECADES. 
 
 BY 
 
 C. R. BLACKALL. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA : 
 
 AMERICAN BAPTIST PUBLICATION SOCIETY, 
 1420 Chestnut Street, 
 
Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1885, by the 
 
 AMERICAN BAPTIST PUBLICATION SOCIETY, 
 In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. 
 
PREFATORY NOTE. 
 
 THE history of any great enterprise that has been in active operation dur- 
 ing more than half a century, necessarily consists in great part of details 
 that have but little interest to the general reader in this age, when minutes are 
 golden, and every stroke must count. In the volume now presented, the aim 
 has been to give, concisely, the leading facts in the wonderful development 
 and progress made by the American Baptist Publication Society, since its or- 
 ganization in 1824, especially emphasizing its magnitude and value, as an 
 agency for the evangelization of the world ; its stability, resulting from the 
 strict integrity of its management ; the influence it has exerted in promoting 
 an essential unity of doctrine and practice among a people distinguished for 
 independent thought and action ; and the sure indications of divine guidance, 
 not only in the foundation work, but throughout the whole period under re- 
 view. The record made by the Society cannot fail to awaken devout thanks- 
 giving for all that God has wrought through this instrumentality. 
 
 Added to a thorough knowledge of its varied operations, gained by per- 
 sonal relation to its work during nearly eighteen years, the author has had free 
 access to original manuscript documents, and to several rare volumes, now out 
 of print, from which alone correct information could be gained. Acknowledg- 
 ment is made to George W. Anderson, D. D. , and Prof Hiram F. Keed, A. m. , 
 for valuable assistance rendered, particularly in perfecting the statistical tables 
 given in the Appendix. It is earnestly hoped that this " Story of Six De- 
 cades" will win to' the Society many new friends, who will be as staunch 
 supporters of its worthy and beneficent purposes, as the noble company of 
 
 distinguished men and women who have thus far made its history. 
 
 5 
 
ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 Interior View of Store. — Frontispiece.... 
 Horn Book of the Seventeenth 
 
 Century 12 
 
 Earliest Printing Press 13 
 
 Columbian Press 13 
 
 Old Common Press 13 
 
 St. Christopher. 14 
 
 William Carey 17 
 
 Primitive Tract Depository 20 
 
 William Staughton, D. D 22 
 
 Howard Malcom, D. D 24 
 
 Joseph H. Kennard, D. D 26 
 
 Eev. Noah Davis 28 
 
 Adoniram Judson, D. D 82 
 
 George B. Ide, n. d 34 
 
 Eev. Benjamin E. Loxley 35 
 
 John M. Peck, D. D 41 
 
 Andrew Puller, D. D 42 
 
 J. Newton Brown, D. D 44 
 
 530 Arch Street 45 
 
 John Bunyan 46 
 
 William Shadrach, d. d 47 
 
 Mr. William W. Keen 48 
 
 Benjamin Griffith, D. D 51 
 
 Mr. William Phelps 54 
 
 Geo. W. Anderson, D. d 55 
 
 Mr. John P. Crozer 57 
 
 Warren Kandolph, d. d 62 
 
 6 
 
 Mr. William Bucknell 64 
 
 Hon. James L. Howard 67 
 
 George J. Johnson, D. D 69 
 
 Monument Erected in England to 
 
 Eobert Baikes 71 
 
 John Gerhard Oncken, d. d 80 
 
 Eev. Andreas Wiberg 83 
 
 C. C. Bitting, D. D 90 
 
 1420 Chestnut Street 97 
 
 Secretary's Office 100 
 
 Interior of Vault 102 
 
 Stereotype Block 103 
 
 Elevator Engine 105 
 
 Cylinder Printing Press 106 
 
 Book Porm 107 
 
 Printers' Case 108 
 
 Composing Stick 108 
 
 Galley 108 
 
 Proof Press 109 
 
 Imposing Stone 109 
 
 Gauge 109 
 
 Quoins 110 
 
 Sheet Eoom 112 
 
 Standing Press 113 
 
 Cutting Machine 114 
 
 Folding Machine 115 
 
 Secretaries' Eoom 117 
 
 Board Eoom 118 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 THE DAYS PKECEDING. 
 
 Martyrs the seed of the church. Koger Williams and his associates. Early Bap- 
 tist churches in America. Baptist churches in 1750. Unity in doctrine and 
 practice. Baptist Sunday-school work begun in 1804. First Baptist Sunday- 
 school in Philadelphia. Early printing presses. The New England Primer. 
 Sunday-school libraries of the early days. Keligious organizations formed from 
 1788 to 1825. Baptist statistics in 1824. "Weekly religious papers in 1824. 
 Primitive Tract Depository. ....... 9 
 
 INAUGURATION. 
 
 Call for formation of Baptist General Tract Society. Organization. Incident of 
 Noah Davis. Pirst tract issued. Doctrinal points regarded as necessary. Re- 
 ceipts for first year. An earnest question. Removal considered. Transfer to 
 Philadelphia. Third annual meeting. Tribute to Dr. Kennard. Pirst Deposi- 
 tory in Philadelphia. Baptist Tract Magazine. First bequest. The anxious 
 young Agent. Death of Noah Davis. ..... 21 
 
 PROGRESS. 
 
 Bright and dark days. Work in Burmah. Women to the rescue. Business 
 difficulties. Premiums for tracts. Date of annual meeting changed. State- 
 ment of special objects. The volume enterprise inaugurated. Action of Hud- 
 son River Association. Summary of first sixteen years. . . .30 
 
 RE-ORGANIZATION. 
 
 Public sentiment at the time of sixteenth annual meeting. Suggestions for re- 
 modeling the Baptist Tract Society. Striking coincidence of views. Re-or- 
 ganization effected. Encouraging prospects. Internal distress. Permanent 
 Publishing Fund started. Change in name. Perpetual charter obtained. 
 First Sunday-school library in California. Removal to 530 Arch Street. 
 Speech of Dr. Malcom. Beginning of, work in Sweden. Purchase of assets of 
 New England Sabbath School Union. Resume of Society's progress. . 38 
 
 7 
 
8 CONTENTS. 
 
 DEVELOPMENT. 
 
 Aim of the management. A crucial period. A hopeful outlook. Enlargement 
 of Depository. Large premiums offered. The "Approved List." The Civil 
 War, and its depressions. Improvement in issues of the Society. Attempted 
 union with Bihle Society. Death of Mr. John P. Crozer. Call for a new or- 
 ganization. Pive premiums offered. Branch Houses established. Interna- 
 tional Lessons. First Baptist National Sunday-school Convention. Another 
 Branch House. Second Baptist National Sunday-school Convention. Co- 
 operation with the German Baptist Publication Society. Plans for a new 
 building, and their success. The Jubilee year. Third National Baptist Sun- 
 day-school Convention. The Kaikes centenary. General Sunday-school Insti- 
 tute at Indianapolis. Bible Department organized. The "Children's Day." 
 The "Children's Bible Day." The Kecord reviewed. ... 50 
 
 BENEVOLENT AND MISSIONARY. 
 
 An essentially benevolent organization. The two departments. Missionary col- 
 portage. "Work in foreign lands. Germany. Sweden. Prance. Italy. Mexico. 
 British Columbia. Manitoba. Turkey. Armenia. Sunday-schools. Bible 
 "Work. Grants. Sources of income for Benevolent and Missionary "Work. 
 Trust Funds. Conditional Punds. Divine leadings. ... 76 
 
 THROUGH 1420. 
 
 The Publication Society's Building. Retail Department. Ministers' Parlor. 
 Counting Room. Secretary's OflBce. Shipping Department. Mailing Depart- 
 ment. Basement. Stereotype Vaults. Cylinder Presses. Composing Room. 
 The "Cut Books." Sheet Room. Cutting Machines. Folding Machine. 
 Secretaries' Room. Assembly Room. Board Room. Conclusion. . 96 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Constitution of the American Baptist Publication Society. 
 
 OflBcers and Editors. .... 
 
 Summary for Sixty Tears. 
 
 Table of Receipts during Sixty Years. 
 
 Table showing Distribution of "Workers, by States. 
 
 Table showing Issues during Sixty Tears. 
 
 Conditional Funds. 
 
 Invested Permanent Funds. 
 
 Form of Agreement. — Conditional Funds. 
 
 Forms. — Legacies and Bequests. 
 
 123 
 126 
 139 
 134 
 136 
 188 
 140 
 141 
 14a 
 144 
 
A STORY OF SIX DECADES. 
 
 THE DAYS PEECEDING. 
 
 IN the times of the Apostles, the opponents of Christianity thought 
 to stamp out the truth by the iron heel of oppression, or to 
 consume it by the fires of persecution. The disciples were " scattered 
 abroad," but the means taken to destroy only made them stronger in 
 their faith; and, in every place to which they were driven, centres 
 of influence were formed, whence new churches speedily came into 
 being. Thus martyrs have ever been the seed of the church. The 
 experience of the early Christians was repeated, with essentially the 
 same features, in the days when the Puritans of Plymouth and 
 Massachusetts Bay began their history. 
 
 The seeds of the Baptist Denomination were sown in this country 
 by persecutors in other lands. Fleeing hither for refuge against 
 oppression, men of sturdy and stalwart souls, with deep and earnest 
 convictions, found themselves subject to persecutions similar to those 
 they had endured in their native land. It was impossible for them 
 to fraternize in church fellowship with those whose religious forms 
 and tenets were in many respects entirely incongruous with their 
 own. They were in a small minority. Protest and opposition 
 seemed utterly unavailing. At every point they were beaten down 
 
10 A STORY OF SIX DEOADES. 
 
 to the dust, excluded from the privileges of citizenship, and exiled 
 from their new-made homes. 
 
 As a consequence, Baptist principles failed, for more than a 
 centnry, to get any great foothold in our country. But, by reason 
 of these persecutions, the comparatively few were driven together 
 and welded in sympathy and action. Especially was this true of 
 Eoger Williams and his associates. Banished from Massachusetts 
 in 1636, because of his Baptist principles, Williams fled to Rhode 
 Island. There he founded a settlement, where, " for the first time in 
 the history of the world, there was a civil government which claimed 
 no jurisdiction in religion, and where the great principle of religious 
 freedom was first practically applied." In 1639, the First Baptist 
 Church of Providence, the first in America, was organized. 
 
 In 1665, the First Baptist Church of Boston was formed at 
 Charlestown, and maintained its place and name, alone, through 
 terrible persecutions, for an hundred years. In 1682, a Baptist 
 Church was organized at Kittery, Maine, but was scattered within 
 a year by persecution. In the same year, brethren fleeing from that 
 persecution in Maine, came to Charleston, South Carolina, and there 
 re-organized their church. In 1688, the Lower Dublin Church was 
 formed at Pennepek, Pennsylvania. The whole number of Baptist 
 Churches in the Colonies is believed to have been but thirteen. This 
 made up the record for the century. It was marked by persecution 
 at almost every point. In 1750, there were but fifty-eight Baptist 
 Churches in America. 
 
 It may be asked how it came about that any possible unity of 
 effort could exist with a people who discarded the principle of 
 
A STORY OF SIX DECADES. 11 
 
 uniformity that specially marked their day. The practice of volun- 
 tary association prevailed among them then, as it does now, and left 
 them free to adjust themselves to changing circumstances and times. 
 Custom or usage never could, under such conditions, become an 
 unalterable law. But, as to the great body of Christian doctrine, 
 they were in unity. On all fundamental questions they stood to- 
 gether. A regenerate church membership, and religious freedom 
 for all, were first principles, never to be ignored or discarded. A 
 denominational unity resulted, based on a supreme regard for the 
 authority of God's word, and rejection of everything which is not 
 sanctioned by that word. Hence, hierarchy, tradition, and a State 
 Church were alike opposed. It was only a question of time, they 
 believed, when the might of truth should prevail; but, whether or 
 not it prevailed, the one thing for them was to abide in strict in- 
 tegrity to Bible doctrines, and to maintain such doctrines firmly, 
 though it cost them worldly possessions, personal liberty, or even 
 life itself. Such was the religious ancestry of the Baptists of America. 
 Baptists appear to have begun their Sunday-school work in the 
 year 1804, a school being then opened in the Second Baptist Church 
 in Baltimore, Maryland, upon a plan differing from most others, in 
 having religious instruction as the sole object. Prior to that date, a 
 school had been commenced in Ephrata, Pennsylvania, in 1740, 
 which, after being continued for more than thirty years, was broken 
 up during the War of the Revolution. A school had been started 
 by Bishop Asbury, of the Methodist Church, in Hanover, Virginia. 
 "The First Day, or Sabbath School, Society" had been organized 
 in Philadelphia, in 1790, and planted a number of schools. A 
 
12 
 
 A STOUT OF SIX DECADES. 
 
 
 school had been established at Pawtucket, Rhode Island, and another 
 
 at Hudson, New York. 
 
 Through persistent efforts, the Baptists had obtained their re- 
 ligious rights, and on every 
 hand their activities were 
 quickened. In Philadel- 
 phia, September 21, 1815, 
 three female members of the 
 First Baptist Church com- 
 menced a school, being only 
 one week later than one 
 opened by the Presbyterians 
 in that city. Others rapidly 
 followed, first in the cities, 
 and then in smaller com- 
 munities, until the work be- 
 came general. 
 
 At this period there 
 were very few books espe- 
 cially adapted to children. 
 The "Horn Book" of the 
 seventeenth century is not so 
 striking in comparison with 
 the issues of the year 1800, 
 as are those of to-<iay, with 
 
 their almost faultless typography and press-work. The old wood 
 
 and stone printing press of the time of Gutenburg had indeed given 
 
 a ft ;^ ^ ^ in 
 Oft be hi bo b<»l jl 
 
 , , siifi 8 mi 
 
 2CnKot§LV*i^tt« w^ tvefpaf feifa^w 
 uganbUa^uiftiottnto tcnmt/i 
 
 HORN-BOOK OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY. 
 
A STORY OF SIX DECADES. 
 
 13 
 
 EARLIEST PRINTING PRESS. 
 
 place to one of improved make, now known as the "Okl Common 
 
 Press," and this in its turn to anotlier of a much higher order, 
 
 known as the "Columbian Press," 
 
 the essential features of which are 
 
 found in the ordinary hand press of 
 
 the present day. But on neither of 
 
 these could really fine work be done, 
 
 such as is produced by the presses 
 
 now in use. 
 
 The art of engraving, also, was 
 in its infancy, though nearly four 
 centuries had elapsed since the legend 
 (if Saint Christopher had been pictured in a rude way by the aid 
 
 of the engraver, and had been copied 
 
 by Gutenburg as his first effort in 
 
 that direction. A comparison with 
 
 the engravings 
 
 made in t h e 
 
 early part of the 
 
 present century 
 
 will show how 
 
 slow was the 
 
 i!)roo"ress. In *^'-^ common press. 
 
 fact, the advancement was of necessity 
 
 in three lines at the .same time — paper, 
 
 types and engraving, and printing. 
 In the beginning of the century there were but few books speci- 
 
 COLUMBIAN PRESS. 
 
14 
 
 A STORT OF SIX DECADES. 
 
 ally adapted to children. The "New England Primer" was per- 
 haps the most popular, and was almost exclusively studied for many 
 years. It is now regarded as a curiosity, with its queer alphabet 
 
 and its questions and answers 
 on Biblical subjects. 
 
 Dr. Watts' cradle hymn — 
 
 Hush, my dear, lie still and slumber, 
 
 and the child's evening prayer, 
 so reverently remembered by 
 all who ever learned it — 
 
 Now I lay me down to sleep, 
 
 were in this Primer. In it, 
 also, was The Lord's Prayer, 
 The Apostles' Creed, The As- 
 sembly's Shorter Catechism, 
 and Cotton's Catechism, en- 
 titled "Spiritual Milk for 
 American Babes, drawn out of 
 the breasts of both Testaments, 
 for the soul's nourishment." The closing attraction was a poetical 
 dialogue between Christ, a Youth, and the Devil. 
 
 Besides the Primer, the juvenile mind could feast upon Watts' 
 Divine Songs ; Janeway's Token for Children ; Jane Taylor's 
 Poems ; Tales of Instruction and Amusement ; Martyrdom of John 
 Rogers; and a few more of like character. A popular illustrated 
 children's book of that day was one called The Royal Guide, con- 
 
 
 ST. OHRISTOPHEE. 
 
A STORY OF SIX DECADES. 15 
 
 taiuing a Picture Alphabet, of which we give a specimen verse : 
 The letter A standing for — 
 
 The axe which traytors often dread, 
 
 And hushandmen employ, 
 Will sure, in time, cut off the head 
 
 Of every naughty hoy. 
 
 Besides, there was the " History of King Pippin, with an account 
 of the melancholy death of four naughty boys, who were devoured 
 by wild beasts; likewise the wonderful delivery of Master Harry 
 Harmless, by a little white horse." Also, the Family Book, or 
 Children's Journal, with instructive conversations; Life and Ad- 
 ventures of a Fly; History of Joseph; Shepherd of Salisbury 
 Plain; Death of Abel; Pilgrim's Progress; Holy War; and some 
 others. 
 
 The highly sensational were not altogether wanting, judging by 
 such titles as, The Village Tattlers; The Beauty and the Monster; 
 Cross, the Conjuror; History of Highwaymen; American Buccaneers; 
 and World Turned Upside Down. 
 
 The Sunday-school libraries of the early days were hence both 
 meagre and mixed in character, from necessity, as the class of 
 literature now known as Sunday-school books was probably inaug- 
 urated by the issue of " Little Henry and his Bearer," by the 
 "Philadelphia and Adult Sunday School Union," as early as 1819; 
 the "Youth's Magazine," the first of its class, having been com- 
 menced in London in 1805, and the first hymn book for schools, 
 issued by the London Sunday School Union, having appeared in 1816. 
 
 Meantime, there was an almost universal activity on the part 
 
16 A STORY OF SIX DECADES. 
 
 of Christians of every name, leading to various organizations for 
 Christian work, particularly in England and America. 
 
 Early as 1756, a Latin Grammar School, known as "Hopewell 
 Academy," had been established by the Philadelphia Association, at 
 Hopewell, New Jersey. The quaint little building is still stand- 
 ing — an object of much interest. A year previous, the first Baptist 
 Education Society in America was formed at Charleston, South 
 Carolina. 
 
 A few years later, in 1764, Baptists had united in establishing, at 
 Providence, the "Ehode Island College," now known as "Brown 
 University." 
 
 The Methodists were in the lead in founding their great " Book 
 Concern," in 1788; but Baptists were the first to form an organiza- 
 tion for Foreign Missions. Inspired by the unquenchable zeal of 
 William Carey, which was seconded by the earnest and self-denying 
 efforts of the Rev. Andrew Fuller, " The Particular Baptist Society 
 for - the Propagation of the Gospel among the Heathen," was estab- 
 lished at Kettering, England, in 1792. Five years afterward, the 
 "Baptist Home Mission Society" of England was formed. Then 
 followed, in 1799, the "London Religious Tract Society"; the 
 " British and Foreign Bible Society," and the " Massachusetts Do- 
 mestic Mission Society," in 1 802 ; "Andover Theological Seminary," 
 in 1808; the "Protestant Episcopal Tract Society," and the 
 "American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions," in 
 1810; "Princeton Theological Seminary," in 1812; "Waterville 
 College," — now " Colby University," — in 1813 ; the "American 
 Tract Society" (Boston), the "Massachusetts Baptist Education So- 
 
A STORY OF SIX DECADES. 
 
 17 
 
 ciety," and the " Baj^tist General Missionary Convention for Foreiu;o 
 Missions," in 1814; the "American Bible Society," in 1816; tlie 
 " Baptist Educational Society of New York,"^froin which re- 
 
 WILLIAM CAREY. 
 
 suited, in later years, " Madison University," and " Hamilton Theo- 
 logical Seminary," — in 1817; "Columbian College," — afterward 
 "Columbian University," — in 1821; the "American Sunday School 
 
18 A STOUT OF SIX DECADES. 
 
 Union," in 1824; and the "American Tract Society" (New 
 York), and "Newton Theological Institution," in 1825. Various 
 Baptist State Conventions or Associations were formed about this 
 period ; but there was no Tract or Publication Society, though a local 
 organization, in which Baptists had some part, was started in New 
 England in 1811, under the name Of the " Evangelical Tract So- 
 ciety. " A great deal of interest, however, was awakened in the 
 minds of men in various parts of the country, and in 1820 some 
 discussion occurred in Philadelphia concerning the formation of a 
 Tract Society; but nothing definite came of it, except the keeping 
 alive of desire and hope. 
 
 At this date, the population of the United States was about 
 10,000,000. The statistics of the Baptist Denomination could not 
 then be given with accuracy ; but a fair approximation was published 
 by the Baptist Board of Missions, which gave a table of Associations, 
 showing 3,594 churches, containing 225,000 members. The number 
 of ministers was estimated at 2,219, leaving 1,376 churches without 
 settled pastors. These pastorless churches were supposed to represent 
 at least 255,000 persons that were directly and indirectly connected 
 with them, who were deprived of regular religious instruction. It is 
 said further : " Many of these churches have no stated preaching. 
 The Sabbath is not hallowed by the service of the house of God. 
 The ordinances of the gospel are seldom enjoyed." The "Anti- 
 Mission," and "Seventh Day Baptists," were included in the fore- 
 going statistics, and these numbered about 75,000, which would leave 
 only about 150,000 Regular Baptists in 1824. 
 
 At this time there were four Baptist weekly religious papers — 
 
A STORY OF SIX DECADES. 19 
 
 the " Christian Watchman," commenced in Boston, in 1819 ; the 
 " Columbian Star," commenced in Washington, in 1822, — now the 
 " Christian Index ; " the " Christian Secretary," begun in Hartford, 
 Connecticut, in 1822; and the "New York Baptist Register," at 
 Utica, — now the present "Examiner," — in 1823. The "American 
 Baptist Magazine," which is now the " Baptist Missionary Magazine," 
 represented the Foreign Work of the denomination. The " Baptist 
 Almanac," said to be the first strictly religious Almanac ever pub- 
 lished, had made its appearance, issued by Mr. John S. Meehan, at 
 Philadelphia, in 1820, and its entire edition of 3,000 copies had 
 found ready sale. 
 
 The interest in a Tract Society movement finally centred in 
 Philadelphia and Washington. In the latter named city, Mr. James 
 D. Knowles, Editor of the " Columbian Star," and the Rev. Luther 
 Rice, a leading spirit in " Columbian College," were its active pro- 
 moters. The college was in full operation, though in the throes of 
 financial struggle common to all new educational enterprises started 
 witkout pecuniary endowment. 
 
 These and kindred projects absorbed the minds of the leaders in 
 Baptist circles, yet the Tract idea would not down, and a few tracts 
 were printed on the press of the Columbian Star for such as desired 
 them. There being no organization, and no depository, it was the 
 custom of some, as the Rev. Samuel Cornelius, then of Alexandria, 
 Virginia, told the writer, to carry a stock of tracts in the inner lining 
 of their high "bell-crown hats," where they Avere always convenient 
 of access. Those old-time hats were often put to good account by 
 busy people whose pockets were few. They were from seven to eight 
 
20 A STOUT OF SIX DECADES. 
 
 inches high, bell shaped, with a breadth of eleven inches at the top, 
 and had a brim of two and a half inches, partly turned up, from the 
 band. In some instances the inside was fitted with sundry pockets 
 for bills and accounts, and often for articles of light merchandise, the 
 silk pocket handkerchief in general use being almost universally 
 added. It will readily be seen that such a hat formed a very good 
 receptacle for a moderate supply of tracts. It is said that the 
 dropping of some tracts from the hat of Mr. Cornelius, on one 
 occasion, fired anew the heart of tlie Rev. Noah Davis, of Salisbury, 
 Maryland, to the need of some better and more fitting depository, 
 with an organization behind it, and a broad and comprehensive work 
 beyond it. 
 
 A PRIMITIVE TRACT DEPOSITORY. 
 
INAUGURATION. 
 
 THE germ has in it the essentials of the full grown structure. The 
 seed contains in embryo a perfect tree. The discussions 
 among the students in Philadelphia, in 1820, resulted in an organized 
 Society in Washington, D. C, in 1824. Its projectors had no concep- 
 tion of the magnitude to which their plant should grow, but the 
 essential character of their organization never has been lost. 
 
 As a result of some correspondence, and much conversation 
 between Mr. J. D. Knowles and the Rev. Noah Davis, Mr. George 
 Wood, and Mr. J. S. Meehan, the "Columbian Star" of February 
 21, 1824, contained the following notice : 
 
 *^* Those persons who are disposed to assist in forming a Baptist 
 General Tract Society in this city, are requested to meet at the house of 
 Mr. George Wood, on Wednesday evening, {£5th inst.), at 7 o'olook. 
 
 In response to this call, twenty-five persons assembled, as fol- 
 lows: Wm. Staughton, D. d.. Rev. Luther Rice, Rev. O. B. Brown, 
 Rev. Samuel W. Lynd, James M. Staughton, M. d., James D, 
 Knowles, George Wood, Baron Stow, John S. Meehan, Enoch Rey- 
 nolds, Joseph Gibson, Daniel Brown, Joseph Thaw, Isaac G. Hutton, 
 Robert P. Anderson, Greenberry Gaither, Stephen C. Ustick, Joseph 
 Cooper, Mrs. Peck, Mrs. Hutton, Mrs. Gibson, Mrs. Sarah Reynolds, 
 Mrs. Nancy Craven, Mrs. Mclntire, Miss Isabella Owen. 
 
 Wra. Staughton, d. d, acted as chairman. An organization was 
 
 21 
 
22 
 
 A STOUT OF SIX DECADES. 
 
 formed, under the title of " The Baptist General Tract Society," with 
 a constitution that limited the proposed work to the publication and 
 distribution of evangelical tracts. The Rev. Obadiah B. Brown was 
 chosen President. 
 
 Mr. Brown was then forty-five years old, having been born in 
 
 Newark, New Jersey, in 
 1779. Educated a Pres- 
 byterian, he became a 
 Baptist at the age of 
 twenty-four. He was 
 pastor in Washington, 
 and also head clerk in 
 the Post Office Depart- 
 ment, and later was Chap- 
 lain to Congress. He 
 continued President of 
 the Society while it re- 
 mained at AVashington. 
 His death occurred in 
 1852. 
 
 Noah Davis was one 
 of the most active sup- 
 porters of the new So- 
 ciety. He had been among the foremost in its inception and 
 organization. It seems in place to give a pleasing reminiscence that 
 illustrates his transparent character. While yet a student in Colum- 
 bian College, it became generally known that he was paying special 
 
 WILLIAM STAUGHTON, D. D. 
 
A STORY OF SIX DECADES. 23 
 
 attentions to Miss Mary , who attended a churcii in Alexan- 
 dria that he was called upon to supply. Without a thought of the 
 possible application of his text by the audience, he ingenuously an- 
 nounced : " Mary hath chosen that good part, which shall not be 
 taken away from her." 
 
 Mr. George Wood was made the Society's Agent, and at once 
 found himself in the midst of a wide-spread correspondence; for the 
 organization was warmly welcomed by the denomination. During 
 the first ten months of its history, nineteen tracts, amounting to one 
 hundred and fifty-six pages, were printed, and 85,600 copies were 
 circulated. These were not stereotyped, and the editions were soon 
 exhausted. 
 
 The Depository was in the office of the " Columbian Star," and at 
 first was in care of Mr. John S. Meehau ; afterwards in charge of 
 Baron Stow, then a student in Columbian College. The first tract 
 issued by the Society contained its constitution, names of its officers, 
 and a statement of ite objects and claims, with an appendix showing, 
 by various examples, the usefulness of tracts. It was stated that 
 while the tracts issued would for the most part be confined to prac- 
 tical subjects, "the Directors will feel themselves at liberty to 
 advocate occasionally, with Christian candor, the doctrines and forms 
 which Baptists believe and practice." 
 
 The receipts for the first year were $373.80. Ten Central 
 Depositories were established, and thirty-eight Auxiliary Societies 
 were formed. The second year was one of peculiar difficulty, partly 
 from lack of funds, which led to this earnest question in the Annual 
 Report, — " Must, then, the want of funds remain an insuperable 
 
24 
 
 A STORY OF SIX DECADES. 
 
 obstacle to the circulation of Baptist Tracts in the United States f " 
 Yet there had been zealous co-operatiou by many influential brethren, 
 
 HOWARD MALCOM, D. D. 
 
 the number of Auxiliaries was increased to seventy-one, and the 
 receipts were double those of the previous year. The chief difficulty, 
 
A STORT OF SIX DECADES. 25 
 
 however, was within itself. Owing to the lack of facilities in Wash- 
 ington for stereotyping, printing, and distributing its tracts, a removal 
 of the Society to Philadelphia was by some considered imperative, 
 and by others strongly opposed. Finally the decision of removal 
 was made. Of this period and act, Mr. George Wood, its Agent, 
 thus writes: "As a last resort, hoping to compel the change, I 
 resigned the Agency, which had been only fruitful, to me, of toil 
 and suffering. ... It was seen that there could be no postponement 
 of the question — removal or annihilation — and the earnest entreaties 
 of Noah Davis were at last successful." The transfer was ordered 
 at a special meeting of the Society, held in Washington, November 
 14, 1826. On the 26th of December following, a committee of 
 brethren in Philadelphia, who had been appointed to act in behalf of 
 the Board, met at the home of the Rev. J. L. Dagg, and the third 
 annual meeting followed, January 3, 1827, at the Sansom Street 
 Church, Philadelphia, when Dr. Dagg was chosen President ; the 
 Eev. Howard Malcom, Secretary ; the Eev. Noah Davis, Agent; with 
 a new Board of Directors. Dr. Malcom was made Chairman of the 
 Board. He subsequently occupied the position of Vice President of 
 the Society, from 1851 to 1854. 
 
 That first anniversary held in Philadelphia awakened a lively 
 interest, and the Society was warmly welcomed to its new home. 
 
 Among the distinguished men who participated in these early 
 days of the Society's history, was the Rev. Joseph H. Kennard, 
 a member of the first Board, after removal to Philadelphia; Vice 
 President from 1837 to 1843, and from 1855 to 1865 ; and President 
 from 1844 to 1854. In various ways he was connected with the 
 
26 
 
 A STORY OF SIX DECADES. 
 
 Society until his death, in 1866. D. C. Eddy, D. d., at the fiftieth 
 anniversary of the Society, paid him this beautiful tribute : " His 
 lovely spirit breathed through all the management of the Society ; 
 his conservative influence, his practical judgment, for a quarter of 
 
 a century made him in- 
 valuable to the Board. 
 His judgment was seldom 
 warped by prejudice; his 
 honesty and fidelity to the 
 cause were never ques- 
 tioned. He gave the 
 strength of his manhood, 
 and the experience of his 
 age to this Society, and 
 when he passed away his 
 loss was deeply and sin- 
 cerely deplored." With 
 such a man as intimate 
 associate and counsellor, 
 the new General Agent 
 might well have been con- 
 gratulated. 
 
 The Depository in Philadelphia was at first in a room fifteen feet 
 square, on the second floor of a building on tl^e west side of Front 
 Street, a few doors below Market, for which a rent of $100 a year 
 was paid. Thence, after eight months, it was removed to 118 North 
 Fourth Street. 
 
 JOSEPH H. KBNNARD, D.D. 
 
A STOBY OF S/X DECADES. 27 
 
 The Annual Report for 1828 was full of rejoicing. The receipts 
 amounted to $3,158.04, a sum four times greater than the receipts of 
 the previous year. The number of its stereotype plates had been 
 doubled. 2,619,036 pages of tracts had been distributed. Twenty- 
 five Depositories and one hundred and thirty Auxiliaries were in 
 operation. One hundred and four Life Members had been enrolled. 
 The publication of a monthly periodical of twenty-four pages, called 
 the "Baptist Tract Magazine," under the care of the General Agent, 
 had become well established. A system had been devised for collect- 
 ing, tabulating, and publishing the statistics of the denomination. It 
 thus appears that from its earliest days, the Society had in mind the 
 unity and improvement of the denomination. This purpose is 
 directly expressed in the Annual Reports, and is borne out in almost 
 every action and issue of the Board. 
 
 June 6, 1829, the Depository was removed to a store on the north- 
 west corner of Fifth and North Streets, the rent being $200 a year. 
 Here it remained for four years. 
 
 The first bequest to the Society was received in 1830. It was 
 from " a sister in the Lord," in Connecticut, and amounted to $20, 
 by which she made life members of her pastor and her physician. 
 We learn from the Annual Report that " the business of the year 
 has been conducted without embarrassment. The Board has been 
 able at all times to keep a full supply of tracts on hand, and pay the 
 bills for paper, printing, etc., as they have been presented." In 
 reference to Sunday-schools, a significant suggestion, if not, in- 
 deed, a prophetic utterance, as viewed in the light of subsequent 
 history, occurs in the " Tract Magazine " that contains the Report of 
 
28 
 
 A STORY OF SIX DECADES. 
 
 1830 : " The time may come when the number of schools in our 
 denomination will be so great as to require the Tract Society to 
 publish a series of Sabbath-school books suited to their wants." 
 
 Til is paragraph was evi- 
 dently written by Noah 
 Davis. 
 
 There is no doubt 
 that, up to this period, 
 the prosperity and growth 
 of the Society were, for 
 the most part, due to its 
 General Agent, who liter- 
 ally gave his life to its 
 success. We often see 
 results, without giving a 
 thought to their hidden 
 springs. Let us take a 
 picture or two from the 
 admirable address of his 
 son, Noah K. Davis, 
 LL. D., presented at the 
 Fiftieth Anniversary of the Society, in 1874. It may be premised 
 that Mr. Davis was but twenty-five years old when he became the 
 Society's General Agent, and that while his brain was active and fertile 
 in expedients, and his body frail, his will and energy were indomitable. 
 " Soon after the Society was transferred to Philadelphia, its young 
 Agent, at that time its sole representative, went to Boston, seeking to 
 
 KEV. NOAH DAVIS. 
 
A STORT OF SIX DECADES. 29 
 
 raise some funds, the piDching want of which threatened the life 
 of the enterprise. Nathaniel E,. Cobb, of that city, agreed to give 
 $500, provided the Baptists of Philadelphia would give a like sum. 
 Inspired by this brilliant prospect, he returned home, all aglow with 
 hope of relief and life. Many days he labored among the churches 
 of Philadelphia to raise the additional $500, thus to obtain $1,000. 
 At last, in utter despair, he retired to Front Street, up-stairs, into 
 the little hired room, fifteen feet square, which was then head-quarters, 
 publishing office, and all, of the Society. He shut the door and sat 
 down, and leaned his head ^on his hands, and tried to think what 
 must be done. I suspect he prayed a little. Then he went to a 
 dear lady friend and sister, Mrs. Gillison, afterward Mrs. Heman 
 Lincoln, and told his sorrows and failure. ' How much do you 
 lack?' she asked. 'So much.' 'Then put me down for that 
 balance.' It is said that this young Agent, in his little up-stairs 
 room, dreamt of a day when the Tract Society might, perhaps, have 
 a house of its own ; but never, even in his dreams, dared to hope for 
 a four story brown-stone front on Arch Street." In 1874, Wil- 
 liam T. Brantly, d. d., son of a former President of the Society, de- 
 scribes Mr. Davis when he first knew him as tall and pale, one 
 whose dignified bearing invested hini, to his child's eye, with full 
 half a score more of years than he had actually accomplished. 
 
 Noah Davis died July 13, 1830, and under the head of "What we 
 have suffered," the next Annual Report tenderly and appreciatively 
 speaks of his departure, and chronicles the fact that, as a consequence, 
 the receipts for the year had fallen off nearly one-half, as compared 
 with those of the preceding year. 
 
PROGRESS. 
 
 YOU have, perhaps, stood at the sea shore, and watched the 
 incomiDg tide, from its lowest ebb. At first there is but 
 little movement. The wave is slight. The power seems to be held 
 in reserve. A wave comes up coyly, almost touching your feet, then 
 rapidly recedes far beyond its starting point. A little later, another 
 wave rolls in as if in great earnest, but breaks and ripples back, 
 apparently abashed at its boldness. Then, gathering force as it 
 moves, a breaker comes in steadily, reaching far up on the beach. 
 Here and there are little depressions in the sloping shore, which the 
 last wave filled, and minute lakelets await the oncoming of another 
 wave. Far out again has gone the tide. How slow seems its 
 advance! Yet you observe that where you stood a few moments 
 before, the waters have possession. The lakelets have not held their 
 own in vain, but now form a part of the great ocean. You thought 
 there was such slight advance ; but far as the eye can reach, a mighty 
 stretch of waters is embracing the land. That which seemed little 
 was really mighty. The waters have full sweep. You acknowledge 
 their supremacy. 
 
 This figure may not inaptly describe the period in the history of 
 the Society during the twenty-five years following the death of Noah 
 Davis. There were many days bright with promise. There were days 
 of gloom, when the hearts of men sank within them, and they talked 
 
 like those in despair. At times, borne up on the wave of prosperity ; 
 30 
 
A STORY OF SIX DECADES. 31 
 
 again, cast down by difficulties and disappointments. But the tide 
 steadily rose higher. Now and then the earnest men composing the 
 Board stopped to compare evidences of progress, and with hearts 
 elated, and faith encoui'aged, they kept on, pressing toward the mark 
 of ultimate success that hope had foreshadowed. 
 
 In 1832, the work of Dr. Judson, in Burmah, appealed with 
 great force to American Baptists. The Society responded promptly, 
 with all of its strength. The interest in Burmah was increased soon 
 after by the stirring addresses of Mrs. Wade, to the women of Phila- 
 delphia, pleading for more Burmese Tracts for general distribution, 
 and citing instances of some who, having never heard a living teacher, 
 had been led to the Saviour by means of a tract. Through Dr. 
 Judson and his appeals, a beginning was made of that work in 
 foreign lands which has touched or permeated almost every clime 
 with its blessed influence. A small appropriation to colored brethren 
 in Liberia is noted at this point. 
 
 Other grand and far-reaching efforts had their beginning in this 
 year. But the home picture had its dark side. Only one Traveling 
 Agent was employed, and he but for twelve weeks; the "Tract 
 Magazine " so far failed to pay expenses that it was reduced in size 
 one half; only seven new tracts were issued ; and all because sundry 
 pressing debts had to be met. That which now would be a small 
 liability, then was a heavy burden that almost paralyzed the energies 
 of the Board. 
 
 With 1833, however, came brighter days. Six Agents were kept 
 in the field. The debts were happily extinguished. The Depository 
 was for the fourth time removed, and found enlarged quarters in a 
 
32 
 
 A STORY OF SIX DECADES. 
 
 store, No. 21 South Fourth Street, at a rent of |380.00 a year. 
 Here it remained for eleven years. 
 
 The need of a more permanent abiding place for the Depository 
 
 ADONIllAM JL'USON, D. n. 
 
 now became urgent, and, in 1834, the Board issued a circular to " the 
 female friends of the Baptist General Tract Society in the United 
 
A STORY OF SIX DECADES. 33 
 
 States," appealing for a Tract House Fund; the result of this appeal 
 was $347.77. It will be remembered that women formed one fourth 
 of its first constituency; that a woman came to the rescue in its 
 earliest hour of peril; and that its first bequest was from a woman. 
 Now, women appear first in response to the call for a building fund. 
 They never have failed the Society in any time of need; and among 
 the noble donors in later years women are conspicuous. 
 
 There were peculiar difficulties in the way of doing business in 
 those days. A comparatively few miles of railroads were in operation, 
 though the system was being rapidly extended. Postal rates were 
 high, and mails not over frequent. In February, 1836, the Board 
 issued the first number of the "Monthly Paper," a folio sheet, in 
 place of the "Tract Magazine," the subscription price being fifty 
 cents a year. An interesting item, which shows one source of dif- 
 ficulty at that time, appears in the issue of March 4, 1836, as follows: 
 " The Delaware is still frozen over, and there is but little prospect of 
 its being open for some days. As the expense of forwarding several 
 orders would be very considerable, it is deemed best to detain them 
 till that desirable event takes place." 
 
 In July of that year, a premium of |100 was offered for the best 
 tract on the subject: "Tlie Blood of Christ Cleanseth us from All 
 Sin." Two tracts were finally chosen, and the amount was divided 
 between their authors, the Rev. William T. Brantly and the Rev. 
 Barnas Sears. 
 
 In the following October, another premium of flOO was offered, 
 the subject being, "The Injurious Influence of Theatrical Entertain- 
 ments." The committee of award decided upon two tracts, dividing 
 3 
 
34 
 
 A SrORF OF SIX Bi; CADES. 
 
 the premium between the authors, the Rev. S. P. Hill, of Baltimore, 
 Maryland, and the Rev. W. S. Plumer, of Richmond, Virginia 
 
 The opening of the year 1838 gives an evidence of progress. 
 
 In the first number of 
 the "Baptist Record" for 
 that year we find tlie fol- 
 lowing announcement: 
 
 "The readers of the 
 'Monthly Paper' of the 
 Baptist General Tract So- 
 ciety will perceive that the 
 paper commences a new 
 series from this date, to 
 be issued hereafter semi- 
 monthly; and that it has 
 at length assumed a name. 
 The name that it now 
 takes is intended to indi- 
 cate the character which 
 it will henceforth bear. 
 Without diminishing the 
 monthly amount of matter directly relating to the tract cause, it is 
 proposed to make it the repository of the most important information 
 respecting the Baptist denomination throughout the world." 
 
 Tlie annual meeting, in 1838, was held in the month of April, 
 instead of January, as in former years, in order to bring it into a more 
 favorable season, and also to connect it with the anniversaries of 
 
 GEOKGE B. IDE, D. D. 
 
A STORY OF SIX DECADES. 
 
 35 
 
 kindred Societies. The Rev. George B. Ide now became President, 
 which ofHce he held during four years. Tiie Board had made an ex- 
 periment in a general religious book business, but decided to abandon 
 it, as unprofitable. 
 
 In successive numbers of the " Baptist Record," during June and 
 July, 1838, there appeared 
 the following official state- 
 ment of the "Special Ob- 
 jects of the Society " : 
 
 1. $10,000 Fund. 
 
 2. Publication of Mrs. 
 Judson's Memoir in Ger- 
 many. 
 
 .3. Publication and Dis- 
 tribution of Tracts in 
 Germany. 
 
 4. Fund for a Tract 
 House. 
 
 5. Ample Supply of Pen- 
 gilly, and Baptist Manual. 
 
 6. $5,000 for General 
 Purposes of the Society. 
 
 7. $10,000 for China. 
 
 These objects, however, were not at that time attained. 
 
 For several years, it had been urged that the Society should 
 broaden its operations by the issue of bound books. Early as 1835, 
 the Triennial Baptist Convention formally requested the Society " so 
 
 REV. BENJAMIN R. LOXLEY. 
 
36 A STORT OF SIX DECADES. 
 
 to alter its constitution as to include such publications; . . . chiefly 
 such as set forth the peculiar and, as they are believed to be, Scrip- 
 tural principles of the denomination." But there were serious 
 difficulties in the way, not the least of which was the want of sufficient 
 capital. Yet in the Report for 1839, the Board proposed "the issue 
 of bound volumes, to consist of a Doctrincd Series, a Historical Series, 
 and a Biographical Series." 
 
 In this year, the Rev. Ira M. Allen, who had borne the strain 
 as General Agent for eight years, resigned because of failing health, 
 and was succeeded by the Rev. Benjamin R. Loxley. There was con- 
 siderable depression of benevolent enterprise during the year, and this 
 led to rigid economy and some retrenchment. Yet the bound volume 
 enterprise was inaugurated by the issue of three books, the first one 
 being " The Reign of Grace." This title is suggestive of the whole 
 previous as well as subsequent history of the Society. In this year 
 the Hudson River, N. Y., Association urged on the denomination the 
 necessity for a Sunday School Union, to furnish a juvenile literature, 
 and the Religious Press of the country was demanding immediate 
 action. 
 
 Sixteen years had now elapsed, and one distinct period in its history 
 had been accomplished. The summary for that period is interesting. 
 The entire receipts had been $86,114.91. 160 Tracts had been stereo- 
 typed. The whole number of copies of Tracts printed was 3,341,906, 
 and the total number of pages of these Tracts was 53,910,952. Of 
 periodicals, 147,450 copies of the "Tract Magazine," 150,600 of the 
 " Monthly Paper," and the " Baptist Record," and 2,500 copies of the 
 "Triennial Register" had been printed. The number of Auxiliary 
 
A STOUT OF SIX DECADES. 37 
 
 Societies was then 430 ; of Branch Depositories, 28 ; of Life Directors, 
 147; and of Life Members, 653. The Society owned 3,615 ste- 
 reotype plates, which cost $3,615.00. The aggregate of issues was 
 equal to 120,977,580 18mo. pages. The principal and interest of the 
 Tract House Fund amounted to $938.49. A significant passage 
 occurs in the Annual Report, in this connection : " If the question 
 shall be asked why more has not been done in this open and extensive 
 field of labor — why, as officers of this Society, we have not fulfilled 
 our task, — we would reply even as did the officers of the children of 
 Lsrael to Pharaoh: 'Wherefore dealest thou thus with thy servants? 
 There is no straw given unto thy servants, and they say to us, Make 
 brick : and, behold, the fault is in thine own people.' " 
 
EE-OEGANIZATION. 
 
 WHENEVER it is observed that the minds of men in various 
 places, and without any special or known concert of action, are 
 turning to some great religious effort, there is reasonable inference 
 that the Holy Spirit is at work, and we do well to heed his lead- 
 ings. God uses all methods to influence his people; and in his own 
 time and manner brings to pass his plans. It would seem as if these 
 were the conditions at the time of the Sixteenth Annual Meeting of 
 the Baptist General Tract Society, held at the Tabernacle Church, 
 New York, April 30, 1840. 
 
 Yet, the current year had opened dismally enough with the 
 Society. In January, the "Committee on Ways and Means," in 
 behalf of the Board, sent forth a circular appeal, stating "the de- 
 clining situation of its financial affairs ; the impracticability of print- 
 ing and circulating tracts, without requisite means, when they are sold 
 at cost, or graiuitously bestowed;" and closed with an agonized cry: 
 "Depend upon it, there is an awful crisis in our affairs. Unless we 
 have help, we must cease to operate ! " 
 
 The pecuniary results of that circular are not known, but it is 
 evident that the Society had a warmer place in the hearts of the 
 people than would seem to be indicated by the tenor of tlie appeal. 
 The New England Sabbath School Union did not appear to have a 
 
 strong hold on the Denomination, or to meet its needs; else the 
 38 
 
A STORY OF SIX DEOADES. 39 
 
 Hudson River Association, of New York, would scarcely have 
 taken decided action for a new Society. In February and March, 
 several editorial articles appeared in the " Baptist Record," headed 
 "American Baptist Publication Society," as a suggested title for a 
 new organization that was deemed inevitable. This title was con- 
 sidered " new and comprehensive, and entirely free from every pre- 
 judicial construction." A union with the New England Society was 
 urged as feasible and desirable. Meantime, direct action was taken 
 by the Board, and a circular appeared, March 25, 1840, suggesting a 
 re-modeling of the Baptist General Tract Society, as follows : 
 
 1. Name to be changed to "American Baptist Publication So- 
 ciety." 
 
 2. Constitution to be so altered as to enable it to publish and 
 circulate, not only Tracts, but Sunday-school Books, Biographical, 
 Doctrinal, Historical, and other religious works, chiefly of a de- 
 nominational character. 
 
 3. One or more General Agents, and Editor to be appointed. 
 
 4. Amalgamation with the New England Sabbath School Union. 
 
 A general expression of opinion was solicited, concerning the pro- 
 posed plans. Several letters of cordial approval were subsequently 
 published; and in April it was claimed that there was "general 
 unanimity in favor of the new plan." The way was thus prepared 
 for prompt and decisive action at the Annual Meeting, at which 
 there was apparently but one heart and one mind, in an honest effort 
 to do the best thing, and in the best way, for the denomination. 
 
 The plans for re-organization were presented by the Board, and 
 sustained in an address of great vigor by Rufus Babcock, D. d.. 
 
40 A. STORT OF SIX DECADES. 
 
 a member of the Board from 1837 to 1839; afterward Vice- 
 President in 1840 and 1841 ; and President in 1842 and 1843. He 
 urged the necessity of enterprise on the part of the Board, and co- 
 operation on the part of the churches, in order to future success. 
 
 By request, the minutes of the Sunday School Convention of the 
 Hudson River Association were read. The coincidence of views 
 between this Convention and the Tract Society was very remarkable. 
 A constitution, suggested by a committee of the Convention, was 
 presented, and with entire unanimity adopted. It provided that 
 the name should be "The American Baptist Publication and Sunday 
 School Society," and that its object should be "to publish such 
 books as are needed by the Baptist Denomination, and to promote 
 Sunday-schools by such measures as experience may prove ex- 
 pedient." A Corresponding Secretary was provided for, whose 
 duties were to include such as had previously been performed by 
 the General Agent. 
 
 The Eev. Morgan J. Rhees was subsequently appointed Corre- 
 sponding Secretary, and entered upon his duties in the following 
 November. He held the office but two years. His name appears 
 in the list of Vice-Presidents of the Society from 1848 to 1854. 
 We are told that when a child, Morgan J. Rhees was led by a 
 Christian mother to become a member of the first Sunday-school 
 started in Philadelphia, in 1815. 
 
 A limited charter for ten years was now taken out by the 
 Board. The "Baptist Record" was made a weekly issue. Three 
 small volumes for Sunday-schools, and four illustrated tracts for 
 children, were published. The receipts were encouraging. It 
 
A STOUT OF SIX DECADES 
 
 41 
 
 seemed as if prosperity and success were certainly attained. Signs 
 of serious internal disti'ess appear, however, as we examine the An- 
 nual Report for 1842. They are seen in these significant words : 
 " The instances are rare in which this cause is regarded as worthy of 
 a place in systematic con- 
 tributions." " The won- 
 der is that anything has 
 been done — that the im- 
 oiled machinery has not 
 broken down — not that it 
 creaks, as it moves heavily 
 in its progress." Plans of 
 publication were seriously 
 crippled from want of 
 funds, and the Board ex- 
 claims, as if at the verge 
 of despair: "It is in vain 
 to conceal the flact that 
 unless our operations are 
 enlarged, it is almost use- 
 less to attempt anything." ' • ''■ ' PiiCK, d. b. 
 But the Board had nerve to enumerate the several things that had 
 become essential, and tiien to say : "Brethren, the work is to be done, 
 and it ivill be done!" 
 
 In 1843, the Rev. J. M. Peck became Corresponding Secretary, 
 and continued in that office four years. Efforts were made to obtain 
 a permanent Publishing Fund, or capital, for the Society, in the hope 
 
42 
 
 A STORY OF SIX DECADES. 
 
 that $50,000, or more, could be provided ; but the result was only 
 $1,550. The Board adopted an emphatic resolution that "hence- 
 forth the business should be conducted on the cash principle." After 
 
 ANDREW FULLER, D.D. 
 
 considerable correspondence and discussion, arrangements were made 
 with Messrs. Gould, Kendall, and Lincoln, of Boston, for a joint 
 issue of "The Psalmist." 
 
A STORY OF SIX DECADES. 43 
 
 In 1844, the title of the Society was changed by omitting the 
 words "Sunday School," as it was thought that the name adopted 
 in 1840 was cumbrous. The demand for Books had so largely in- 
 creased that a loan of $2,400 became necessary, in order to carry on 
 the business. The great feature of this year, however, was the issue 
 of the works of Andrew Fuller, in three volumes, under the editorial 
 supervision of Joseph Belcher, D. D. 
 
 The Board used "rigid economy ... in laying a foundation for 
 future and permanent success," and were filled with "devout thanks- 
 giving," and "inspired with animation and hope." The contrast in 
 the tone of the Eeport with that of some former years is refreshing. 
 The Depository was this year reinoved to 31 North Sixth Street, the 
 rent of which was $550 a year. 
 
 The notable events of the next year were the employment of a 
 German colporteur to labor in this country among hi? own people ; 
 and the partial raising of "a special fund of $10,000 ... for the 
 distribution of books and tracts among the destitute." The " Baptist 
 Record " now ceased to be a weekly, and was issued quarterly as a 
 gratuitous publication. A perpetual charter was issued to the 
 Society, March 20, 1845. 
 
 In 1846, the Rev. Thomas S. Malcom became the Corresponding 
 Secretary. He continued in that office until 1852. Harmony 
 prevailed. Receipts were largely increased. The "$10,000 Fund" 
 was completed; the principal to be used as capital, and the interest, 
 perpetually, for the gratuitious distribution of books and tracts. 
 Eight hundred persons shared in making up this fund,, members 
 of the Board contributing $2,325 of the amount. 
 
44 
 
 A STORY OF SIX DECADES. 
 
 Members of the Finance Committee, in tliose clays, devoted one 
 hour every -week to the Society, meeting at seven o'clock in the 
 morning, before attending to their own business ; and monthly prayer- 
 meetings were held in the Board Eoom. An intei'estina; incident is 
 
 related of this period. A 
 letter from San Francisco, 
 dated September 1, 1847, 
 reached the Society after 
 being nearly one year on 
 the way, requesting a do- 
 nation of Sunday-school 
 books. Books wei'e at once 
 granted, and sent around 
 Cape Horn. They reached 
 California just as gold was 
 discovered, and formed the 
 first Sunday-school library 
 ever used in California. 
 Grants to foreign fields 
 were unusually numerous, 
 including Canada, France, 
 Africa, China, Burmah, The West Indies, Germany, Denmark, 
 Sweden, Assam, Jamaica, Hayti, Greece, and South America. 
 
 Tiie year 1847 was a notable one. The objects of the Society 
 were defined as follows: "To promote tlie interests of evangelical 
 religion by means of the Printing Press, Colportage, and the 
 Sunday-school." So rapidly had the Society grown that it was 
 
 J. XEWTON BUOWX, D. D. 
 
A STOUT OF SIX DECADES. 
 
 45 
 
 deemed necessary to emplo}' a General Book Editor, to supervise 
 all of its publications. The Rev. J. Newton Brown was appointed, 
 
 and retained tlie position until 1859. 
 
 He was widely known, appreciated, 
 and beloved. It is said of him that 
 he was "one of the purest spirits earth 
 ever knew, who brought to the editorial 
 chair of the Society his varied attain- 
 ments, and gave the themes of intel- 
 lectual lore to make our work more 
 perfect." 
 
 The Society now for the first time 
 came into a building of its own, located 
 at 530 Arcli Street, the entire cost of 
 which was $17,430.83. A special fund 
 of $25,000 was commenced " to pay 
 for the building and lot, and to erect 
 additional buildings upon the rear of 
 the lot." A portion of this fund was 
 made up by "securing from 1,000 
 ladies $10 each." The entire amount 
 was finally completed in 1853. 
 
 Marked advance occurred in 1851, 
 though the issues were not such as 
 would now command attention, and in 
 the following year thirty-six Sunday-school books appeared, of ■which 
 sixteen were copyrighted by the Society. This " more than doubled 
 
 5aU ARCH STUEET. 
 
46 
 
 A STORY OF SIX DECADES. 
 
 the list " on the Society's catalogue. The Library Grants increased 
 to fourteen. The great achievement of this and the succeeding year 
 was the issue of a set of the Works of John Banyan. These books 
 have maintained their place and rank as standard works. 
 
 At the annual meeting 
 \ in 1853, Dr. Howard Mal- 
 com made a sj)eech which 
 is well worthy of remem- 
 brance: "Sometimes I 
 stand across the street and 
 look at the whole build- 
 ing. I think of the 
 Board, the Secretaries, the 
 Depository, and all the ar- 
 rangements. It puts me 
 in mind of a noble engine 
 in the midst of a great 
 fire. The flames rage, 
 and yet it does very little. 
 Now and then, a little 
 stream flows, and then it 
 stops. What's the mat- 
 ter ? Alas ! there is a deficiency of water. ' Ho ! there — buckets ! 
 buckets! fill her up!' — There, now she jilays. Hope brightens. 
 The flames are checked! — Come, brethren, the Publication Society 
 is our engine. Supply her well, and she will prove herself. She 
 can only throw ifS what you supply." 
 
 JOnH BUXYAN. 
 
A STORY OF SIX DECADES 
 
 47 
 
 The Rev. William Shadrach became Correspouding Secretary in 
 1853, and continued in that office about three years. In the next 
 year, attention was specially called to Sweden, and a beginning made 
 there that produced an early and wonderful harvest of good. 
 
 In a report on the " Publishing Fund " made by Dr. Griffith at 
 the annual meeting held 
 
 „i i.\j\./«(-^ 
 
 /' 
 
 '^S^ ""^f^ 
 
 in 1854, we find these 
 stirring words, which 
 forecast the after years: 
 " Next to a preached gos- 
 pel, a pure and evangel- 
 ical literature is the ho})e 
 and safety of our country. 
 .... The publication of 
 such a literature is the 
 great work of this So- 
 ciety. A work most noblv 
 commenced, but on 1 v 
 commenced ; so far from 
 having fullyentered upon, 
 we have not as yet con- 
 ceived, the magnitude of 
 the work which God has assigned us. To prosecute it with vigor, 
 and on the scale required ; to meet the demands made upon us by 
 the opening providences of God, — a very large increase in our work- 
 in"- capital is requisite The time has come when this Society 
 
 is looked to, and held responsible for, the publication, not only of 
 
 WILLIAM SHADRACH, Tl. D. 
 
48 
 
 A STORY OF SIX DECADES. 
 
 Tracts, Sunday-school books, and small books, but of a still larger 
 issue of standard denominational works." 
 
 The year 1855 brought the retirement of Mr. Wm. "W. Keen 
 from the office of Treasurer of the Society, a position he had filled 
 
 since 1837, with the ex- 
 ception of the years 1843 
 and 1844. 
 
 Retrenchment was now 
 again the order, in view 
 of diminished resources, 
 and the financial pressure 
 of the times. Over$9,000 
 of debt faced the Board. 
 Another vigorous effort 
 was made to enlarge the 
 capital of the Society, with 
 some degree of success. 
 
 The most important 
 work of the year 1856, 
 was the purchase of the 
 entire effects of the " New 
 England Sabbath School Union," whereby the Publication Society's 
 list was at once doubled, and a unity of interest eifected, which gave 
 to it a clear field, with a monthly Juvenile paper, "The Young 
 Reaper," that started off at once, in 1857, with a circulation of 
 50,000 copies. The matter had been a subject of correspondence 
 during several years, and its final harmonious adjustment was a 
 
 MR. WM. W. KEEN. 
 
A STORY OF SIX DECADES. 49 
 
 source of great satisfaction on all sides. The amount paid for the 
 property of the Union was $6,715.00. 
 
 A second cycle in the history of the Society was now drawing to a 
 close, and some comparisons were in order. Scanty resources had been 
 prudently employed ; the policy of its Board had been generous, yet 
 conservative ; a small capital had been accumulated ; and the entire 
 work had, on the whole, been conducted with so much diligence 
 economy, and circumspection, as to secure public confidence. In 
 1840, the entire property of the Society amounted to $4,121.70. 
 It had been increased to the net value of $60,000, in 1856. 
 
 In the first sixteen years, the aggregate of its issues equaled, as 
 we have seen, 124,495,384 pages, 18mo. In the second sixteen 
 years, the issues were equal to 334,450,994 pages, 18mo. Within 
 the first five years of this period the Society became the pioneer in 
 Missionary Colportage. In the last five it found its first abiding 
 place in a building of its own. 
 
 The number of stereotype plates in 1856 was 35,142, against 
 3,056 in 1840. The total number of publications on its catalogue 
 was 501, of which 237 were bound volumes, while in 1840 there 
 were but 198, of which 28 were bound volumes. In all this, there 
 was good reason for satisfaction for the past, and encouragement 
 for the future. The skies were bright with promise, and an era 
 of increased prosperity seemed about to dawn. 
 
DEVELOPMENT. 
 
 GOOD management, as well as thorough construction, is essential 
 in order to bring a vessel safe through the storms of 
 ocean to her destined port. Many a poorly built ship, with able 
 officers, has gone down because of its inherent worthlessness ; and 
 many a staunch vessel has foundered because of incompetence on 
 the part of its captain and crew. 
 
 From the first, the aim of those entrusted with the management 
 of the Society seems to have been to build in the most enduring 
 manner. No doubt, they were thought to be slow — -very slow — at 
 times; but we who look back over the record can see an abiding 
 purpose to build wisely, and to hold themselves in the guiding hand 
 of the Almighty. With the paucity of material, and the meagreness 
 of support afforded them, it is not strange that they were at times 
 depressed and tempted to lay down the heavy burden in despair. 
 
 One striking fact marks the whole period of its history. By the 
 
 blessing of God, not a note has ever been protested, nor a promise 
 
 dishonored. Integrity has everywhere marked its progress. Storms 
 
 have at times beat fiercely; the machinery has labored painfully 
 
 hard; progress has seemed to be arrested; yet never once has the 
 
 work of the builders failed, nor has the management brought about 
 
 any disaster. We may well be filled with devout thanksgiving to 
 
 God for such men and such results. 
 
 The year 1857 will never be forgotten by the business men of 
 50 
 
52 A STORT OF SIX DECADES. 
 
 that day, as one unusually marked by commercial disaster. It was a 
 crucial period to the Society, and in some respects one of the most 
 embarrassing in its history. 
 
 Early in the previous year, Dr. Shadrach, the Corresponding 
 Secretary, had closed his labors by a peremptory resignation. The 
 Rev. B. E.. Loxley, who, for seventeen years, had been the De- 
 pository Agent, resigned about the same time. The Treasurer, 
 Mr. Charles B. Keen, in view of a protracted journey in Europe, 
 also resigned. One member of the Board resigned on account of 
 failing health, and another because of removal from the city. Mr. 
 James S. Dickerson, afterward a distinguished minister, was choseu 
 Depository Agent. New men were placed on the Board, but the 
 office of Corresponding Secretary remained vacant until the annual 
 meeting, held in the Charles Street Baptist Church of Boston, May 
 12, 1857. 
 
 Meanwhile, the business had become seriously embarrassed by very 
 large advances made for missionary work. It was exceedingly diffi- 
 cult to meet bills as they matured. The receipts were $6,000 less 
 than those of the previous year. Yet, increased obligations had 
 necessarily been assumed in the purchase of the stereotype plates and 
 copyrights of the " New England Sabbath School Union." Added 
 to this, the Depository building was too small for the business of the 
 Societj^, and its immediate enlargement was a necessity. Under 
 these circumstances, the Rev. Benjamin Griffith was chosen Secretary. 
 When the Report of 1858 appeared, it contained vigorous 
 and prophetic sentences. "It is proposed that the denorainatiou's 
 Publishing Society shall emerge from its littleness, and conduct a 
 
A STORT OF SIX DECADES. 53 
 
 business such as will be consistent with the wants of this great Chris- 
 tian communion, and of that portion of a dying world committed to 
 
 its care Dear brethren of the churches, . . . = you have had a 
 
 thirty-four years experience of the insufficiency of a meagre publishing 
 business for the Baptist denomination. Will not this suffice? Will 
 you not now, at this late hour, come forward, and by a single united 
 effijrt place your Society in a position where, under God, it can do a 
 work for the church and the world that shall be worthy of your name, 
 your numbers, and your strength?" 
 
 From that time forward the tone of tlie Reports, year by year, -was 
 constantly hopeful. As business prosperity throughout the country 
 increased, the Society steadily grew in strength and resources. In the 
 year 1858, the debt of the Benevolent Department to the Business 
 Department for money advanced by the latter, for work done during 
 preceding years, had grown to be over $25,000. Of this sum, 
 %'21,970.57 was now canceled, as a donation by the Business. The 
 Receipts for the next year were over $80,000 ; about $24,000 advance 
 upon that which preceded it, and a greater increase than had been 
 gained in any previous year. 
 
 The enlargement of the Depository quickly followed, through the 
 liberality of Messrs. John P. Crozer and William Bucknell. The 
 cost was $8,866.75, the condition of their gift being that other friends 
 should add $6,000, for the enlargement of the business. By this 
 means about $15,000 was at one stroke added to the capital of the 
 Society. 
 
 Mr. Dickerson having resigned as Depository Agent, the Board 
 decided to have but a single headship at the rooms, and placed the 
 
54 
 
 A STORY OF SIX DECADES. 
 
 direction of the Editorial, Publishing, Sales, and Benevolent Depart- 
 ments, in the hands of the General Secretary, where it has since 
 remained. 
 
 A series of twenty Question Books was now issued for Sunday- 
 schools. Aunouneement 
 was made that the Board 
 hoped to publish a new 
 Sunday-school library 
 book on Wednesday of 
 every week during that 
 year. The plan was fully 
 carried out. Premiums 
 amounting to $450 were 
 offered for the best manu- 
 scripts illustrating various 
 ])hases of Christian life. 
 
 It was determined that 
 thenceforward " while the 
 business must take care 
 of itself, the churches 
 must, in the main, take 
 care of Colportage." Tlie Board did not deem it "wise to longer 
 weaken and impoverish the business, in order to sustain Colportage, 
 however good and blessed the work of the latter." It appeared that 
 nearly $37,000 had, up to that time, been taken from the business 
 for the Missionary interests of the Society. 
 
 In 1861, was begun the admirable plan of carefully examining 
 
 MR. WILLIAM PHELPS. 
 
A STORY Ot SIX DECADES. 
 
 55 
 
 all the Sunday-school books issued by other publishers, in order to 
 make au " Approved List " of volumes that could be safely recom- 
 mended for use in Baptist Sunday-school Libraries. The plan has 
 ever since been continued, and forms a much needed protection 
 against error. Mr. William PJielps, of New York, was this year 
 elected President of the So- 
 ciety, and honorably filled 
 the office for eleven succes- 
 sive years. 
 
 Then came the Civil 
 War, with great depression 
 in business, and a sudden 
 decline of over $28,000 in 
 the annual receipts, as re- 
 ported in 1862; yet the 
 entire liabilities amounted 
 to but $1,025.96 at the 
 close of the year. Larger 
 discounts were made to 
 Booksellers, in order to 
 stimulate trade, and Ques- 
 tion Books were reduced in 
 price from twelve to eight 
 
 cents each. The Book issues of the Society were carefully revised, 
 and the number of pages brought to even forms, by which thou- 
 sands of dollars were saved in their production. The pictorial 
 illustrations were improved and increased in number, in order " to 
 
 GEOKHE W. ANDEESON, D.D. 
 
56 A STORY OF SIX DECADES. 
 
 have the Sunday-school books of the Society fully equal, and if 
 possible, surpass all others in beauty, as they are now said to do, by 
 some, in excellence." A full descriptive catalogue was issued. 
 
 The Report of 1864 showed a gain in receipts of more than 
 $44,000 above those of the previous year. The "Prize Catechism" 
 was published, for which |300 was awarded to the Rev. Charles 
 Keyser. During this year George W. Anderson, D. c, was appointed 
 Assistant Editor of the Society's Books and Tracts, which position 
 he still holds, with very great acceptance to all. 
 
 Then followed, in 1865, the beginning of discussions and over- 
 tures with reference to a union of the Publication and Bible Societies, 
 which lasted during many years ; the details having been so far per- 
 fected at one time that the corporate name of the Publication Society 
 was changed to include the word " Bible " ; its constitution also was 
 changed, in conformity therewith ; and the signs on its Depositories 
 were made to bear the new designation. Preparations were made to 
 receive the assets of the Bible Society. But unexpected difficulties 
 arose. The proposed union was not consummated. The Society 
 changed its name once more to that which it had previously borne 
 and still retains, and went forward on its way, seeking to carry 
 on faithfully and successfully all the several departments of its 
 constitutional work. 
 
 The Report of the year 1865 is very jubilant, and says that, "in 
 some respects, it has been the most prosperous year the Society has 
 ever known." The " Devotional Hymn and Tune Book," prepared 
 by Mr. William B. Bradbury, had its origin in this year ; the total 
 sales of this excellent book have been 148,000 copies, and it is still 
 
A STOUT OF SIX DF CADES. 
 
 57 
 
 in active demand. The great work in belialf of the Freedmen was 
 now begun. The "National Baptist" Avas started ujjon a caj)ital of 
 nearly $15,000, contributed specially for this purpose, the first num- 
 ber being issued on the fifth of January, 18C5. Another gain was 
 made upon the previous year, amounting to $43,622. 
 
 A sad event of the year, to the Board, and a large circle of loving 
 relatives and friends, was the death of Mr. John P. Crozer, who had 
 for five successive years 
 been Chairman of the 
 Board, and who had made 
 several munificent gifts to 
 the Society. It is interest- 
 ing to know that his con- 
 version and early religious 
 life were due to the min- 
 istry of the Rev. Dr. 
 Staughton, who appears 
 as the early friend of the 
 Society that Mr. Crozer, 
 in the after years, when 
 his teacher had passed 
 away, honored and en- 
 riched by his personal 
 efforts and his contribu- 
 tions, the latter anunmting to $24,500. In token of their affection 
 and appreciation, the Board of the Society adopted the following 
 minute : 
 
 MR. JOHN P. CROZER. 
 
58 A STORT OF SIX DECADES. 
 
 "It having pleased the great Disposer of events to remove from 
 among us the late Chairman of this Board, Mr. John P. Crozer, we 
 desire to place on record our estimate of his character and services. 
 
 "Our brother was a man possessed of fine natural abilities, 
 ripened and mellowed under the life-long influence of religion. 
 Converted at the early age of fourteen years, he maintained his 
 Christian integrity to the close of his career. In him was combined 
 the simplicity of childhood with the wisdom of age ; great tender- 
 ness of feeling with stern inflexibility of purpose, and the ability for 
 stupendous enterprise with marked diffidence and humility. 
 
 "We desire also to record our gratitude to God for the grace 
 which illustrated in our brother the self-sacrificing generosity of the 
 gospel. Of the various benevolent organizations of his own de- 
 nomination, it is believed there is not one which has not received 
 some token of his expansive beneficence, while our own Society has 
 been a peculiar object of his attachment, aud the recipient of large 
 contributions. He also extended the sphere of his liberality beyond 
 the limits of his own denomination. 
 
 "The expressions of regard for his memory by other branches 
 of the church, attest his freedom from sectarian prejudices, and his 
 wide and profound sympathy with every effort for the extension of 
 the Redeemei-'s kingdom. 
 
 " Largely as we and others have profited by his princely benefac- 
 tions, the richest gift he has left to us is his own good name." 
 
 There followed soon the establishment, by his heirs, of the "John 
 P. Crozer Memorial Fund," amounting to $50,000. 
 
 But with all its industry, its grants, its Colporteur Missionary work. 
 
A STORT OF SIX DECADES. 59 
 
 and its issues of books for Sunday-schools, an eager public clamored 
 for more from the Society, in every direction. The denomination had 
 been aroused, and would not be satisfied with existing attainments. 
 In some parts of the land a cry was again raised for a new 
 organization, a "Baptist Sunday-school Union," to be wholly occu- 
 pied in Sunday-school work. The Board responded by increased 
 effort, so that, in 1 866, the "Young Reaper" was made a semi-monthly, 
 the monthly edition having reached a circulation of 130,000; and a 
 beginning was made in the production of " Requisites," such as Sec- 
 retary's and Librarian's Records. 
 
 The idea of a new organization received its quietus at the Anni- 
 versary of the Society in 1867, when Mr. George F. Davis, of Cin- 
 cinnati, presented an able report on " The Sunday-school Work," in 
 which it was declared that the Publication Society was " abundantly 
 able to occupy the field to advantage." Those who were present and 
 heard the brief, but pertinent and convincing, arguments of Mr. 
 Davis, will never forget the occasion nor the speaker. In January, 
 1867, the " Baptist Quarterly" made its appearance. It was contin- 
 ued for eleven years, but did not receive the support necessary to 
 maintain it without loss, and was reluctantly suspended at the close 
 of 1877. 
 
 The year 1868 was marked by the first issue of the "American 
 Baptist Year Book," which was the lineal successor of the " United 
 States Baptist Annual Register," published in 1833; the "Triennial 
 Register, in 1836; the "American Baptist Register," in 1852; and 
 the " Almanac and Register," and the " Baptist Almanac," that for 
 twenty-seven years had immediately preceded the " Year Book," 
 
60 A STOUT OF SIX DECADES. 
 
 which has now become everywhere recognized as the standard for 
 statistics of the Baptist denomination. Five premiums, of $500 
 each, were offered in that year by the Society, for the best Sunday- 
 school book in each of the following named series: 1. For young 
 believers; illustrating Christian growth and usefulness. 2. A histor- 
 ical narrative, illustrative of some particular period in the history 
 of Baptists. 3. A book of travels, giving prominence to the prog- 
 ress of Christianity in foreign lands. 4. A work in some depart- 
 ment of Natural Science, setting forth the wisdom, power, and 
 goodness of God. 5. A narrative designed to show the working 
 of the Holy Spirit in the hearts of the young, and marking the 
 steps by which they are led to Christ. 
 
 In the same year, two Branch Houses were established through 
 the liberality of friends of the Society in Philadelphia, seconded by 
 others in New York and St. Louis; a special capital of $10,000, or 
 more, being provided for each Branch, to meet the expense of fur- 
 nishing, and to supply the necessary stock. 
 
 The New York Branch was opened at 76 East Ninth Street, 
 where it remained until 1879, when it was removed to its present 
 location, 9 Murray Street, which was fitted up and furnished 
 without cost to the Society, through the liberality of the late Dr. 
 Nathan Bishop. It is "Baptist Head-quarters" for New York and 
 vicinity. The dimensions of the store are 23x94 feet; but 40 feet of 
 the rear portion has been separated by a partition, and is used by the 
 Ministers' Conference, and for meetings of various Baptist Boards 
 and Committees. The City Mission, and District Secretaries of the 
 Missionary Union and the Publication Society, here have desks. 
 
A STOUT OF SIX DECADES. 61 
 
 The St. Louis Branch was first located at 209 North Sixth 
 Street. In 1882, it was removed to its present desirable and 
 commodious building, 1109 Olive Street, which was specially fitted 
 up fijr its use. Its location is central, and its attractions are in every 
 way superior, making it a point of interest to every Baptist visiting 
 the city. The second floor is occupied by ofiices, and the third 
 is devoted to the Ministers' Conference, and other denominational 
 meetings. 
 
 During the same year, also, a " Depot for Colporteur Supplies " 
 was opened in Chicago, at 38 Lombard Block, a third-story room. 
 It did not have the advantage of a special capital, like the others, but 
 it quickly developed into a regular Branch of the Society. In 
 the great fire of 1871, everything in it was consumed, with a loss of 
 over $10,000; but Eastern friends of the Society came to the rescue, 
 the business was promptly resumed, and a strong denominational 
 interest centered upon it thenceforth. After several removals, it is 
 now located at 151 Wabash Avenue, amid excellent business sur- 
 roundings, in quarters that are every way desirable. 
 
 The scheme known as the "International Lessons" began now 
 to be strongly urged. Before it had assumed any general propor- 
 tions, however, the Society was in the field with a new issue in the 
 line of uniform lessons, which commenced in January, 1869, under 
 the title of "Bible Lessons," in two editions — one for teachers, 
 which at once gained a circulation of 4,000 a month; and one for 
 pupils, which obtained a circulation of 34,000 a month. These 
 issues were modeled after the English lesson-sheets of the day, 
 the selections being from the Pentateuch. 
 
62 
 
 A STORT OF SIX DECADES. 
 
 November 2, 3, and 4, 1869, the first Baptist National Sunday- 
 School Convention was held under the aus^^ices of the Society at St. 
 Louis, Mo., with a large attendance, and marked interest and en- 
 thusiasm. A magazine for teachers was now demanded, and the 
 Board having purchased the list of the "Sunday School Banner," 
 
 of Georgia, commenced the 
 " Baptist Teacher " in Jan- 
 uary, 1870, gaining for it, 
 during the year, a circula- 
 tion of 24,000 a month. 
 At this time, the " Reaper " 
 had, in its two issues, run 
 up to 300,000, and " Bible 
 Lessons" to 100,000 a 
 month, with a steady ad- 
 vance. 
 
 February 17, 1870, a 
 fourth Brancli House was 
 opened in one of the stores 
 in Tremont Temple, a 
 special capital having been 
 furnished for the purpose. 
 It was thence removed for 
 a time, in consequence of a fire that destroyed a portion of the build- 
 ing. At present its main salesroom is at 256 Washington Street, 
 with a general office at Room 14, in the Temple, telephone con- 
 nection being maintained between the two places of business. It 
 
 WAKKEN KANDOLPH, D. D. 
 
A STORT OF SIX DECADES. 63 
 
 may be said, in general, of the Branch Houses, that they have 
 formed no mean factor in the great progress made by the Society 
 during the years since they were established, and that they have had 
 an important part in bringing the Society and its work thoroughly 
 before the denomination. 
 
 In October, 1871, Warren Randolph, d. d., was appointed 
 "Sunday School Secretary," and a "Bible and Sunday School Com- 
 mittee" was constituted in the Board. By this action the Missionary 
 Department received peculiar recognition, and a special headship for 
 the first time. 
 
 November 20, 21, and 22, 1872, the Second Baptist National 
 Sunday School Convention was held by the Society at Cincinnati, 
 Ohio, Dr. Randolpli presiding. There was a large attendance and 
 great interest. In the same year, another paper, "Our Little Ones," 
 for the primary class and the nursery, was commenced. In that 
 year, also, satisfactory arrangements were made with the "German 
 Baptist Publication Society," at Cleveland, Ohio, whereby a desirable 
 co-operation was secured. The "Baptist Hymn Book" was issued, 
 and 80,000 copies were published during the first eight months. 
 
 The increase of the Society's business had been so rapid that its 
 existing facilities were far too limited, and plans for a new building 
 were now projected. The first impetus to the movement was given 
 by Mr. William Bucknell, in 1873, by an offer of $25,000, on condi- 
 tion that an additional $100,000 were raised M'ithin a year. The offer 
 was promptly accepted and a vigorous canvass was at once begun by 
 the Secretary. Within one year the subscription was completed ; but 
 in the mean time it was found that this sum was entirely inadequate, 
 
64 
 
 A STORT OF SIX DECADES. 
 
 as a suitable lot, in an eligible location, would absorb the wliole 
 amount. Six months later the lot was purchased, at a cost of $100,- 
 000. After duly maturing the plans and letting the contracts, work 
 was commenced on the building. By sale of the Society's property 
 on Arch Street, $•'^0,100 was added to the amount subscribed; but 
 
 3,000 was yet to be 
 
 provided for. Mr. Buck- 
 nell now offered to give 
 $25,000 additional, pro- 
 vided the remainder were 
 raised by July 4, 1876. A 
 great effort was made by 
 the Secretary; but those 
 were very hard times, and 
 a heavy debt seemed 
 inevitable. Then he 
 brought about a confer- 
 ence between Mr. Buck- 
 nell and the Crozer family, 
 the result of which was 
 that the whole sum was 
 provided for, the Crozer 
 family giving $50,000 in 
 cash, and Mr. Bucknell giving $50,000 in bonds maturing in from 
 five to nine years. The condition of Mr. Buckuell's gift was that 
 the Society should annually give away, in its own publications, 
 an amount equal to the interest of the money at six per cent. At 
 
 MU. AVILLIAM HUCKXEIX. 
 
A STORT OF SIX DECADES. 65 
 
 the request of his family, this gift was designated the ""William 
 Bucknell Centennial Fund." A few years later, the bonds referred 
 to greatly depreciated in value, when Mr. Bucknell did a most 
 noble and generous act, in exchanging them for cash, thus saving 
 the Society from loss. 
 
 February 29, 1876, the building was opened by appropriate ser- 
 vices. In the Annual Report for that year, the Board made 
 the following acknowledgment of the free gift: "This remarkable 
 and blessed interposition of God, through these his children, has 
 enabled the Society to erect, furnish, and occupy a commodious and 
 magnificient building, with the entire debt provided for. This is our 
 Centennial Offering, which we make in humility and great gratitude. 
 May the Giver of all our mercies, and the God of all grace, graciously 
 accept and make it a blessing to our people." There was also ex- 
 pressed " the earnest prayer that He who has thus far prospered the 
 Society will, from this new era, favor it still more abundantly, and 
 make it a thousand-fold greater blessing to the world." 
 
 The entire cost of the building, and the lot on which it stands, 
 was $258,586.68. A full description is reserved for our closing 
 chapter. It is not less a grand monument to the liberality and far- 
 sightedness of those who furnished the means for its erection, than it 
 is to the present General Secretary, to whose wisdom, energy, and 
 influence, the result was largely due. 
 
 To return now to the thread of our narrative. Great activity- 
 characterized every department during this period. The work went 
 steadily forward, with an increase of the effective force, and a corre- 
 sponding development of Sunday-school strength. The "Primary 
 
66 A STORY OF SIX DECADES. 
 
 Lessons" was commenced in 1874, gaining a circulation of 60,000 
 during the year. The "Normal Class Manual" was published in 
 that year. Great preparations were now made for properly 
 observing the "Jubilee Year" at the ensuing Semi-Centennial 
 Anniversary. 
 
 May 22, 23, 24, 1874, form red letter days in the history of the 
 Society. The Fiftieth Anniversary was held in Washington, D. C. 
 Calvary Church was the place of meeting. A portrait of the Rev'. 
 Noah Davis graced the front of the pulpit. President James L. 
 Howard presided. Distinguished men, representing all parts of the 
 country, participated. The church was continually thronged with 
 eager listeners. The Report of the Board showed the wonderful 
 progress and magnitude of the operations of the Society since its 
 organization. Notwithstanding the financial panic of the previous 
 year, the receipts in the Business Department had reached $343,- 
 418.38; in the Missionary Department^ $70,899.88; and the new 
 Building Fund had received $16,536.67 ; making a grand total of 
 $430,854.93. The total issues for the year were equal to 330,813,- 
 542 pages, and the total number of publications on the catalogue was 
 1,136. If the pages issued by the Society during the first fifty years 
 of its history were laid end to end, they would make a continuous 
 line of printed matter more than 314,000 miles in length ; and if 
 spread out on tlie ground, they would cover about twenty-five square 
 miles. 
 
 Two noticeable facts appear in the Report. One, that for 
 every dollar of receipts in the Business Department, since its begin- 
 ning, "the Society had actually published 1,054 ISmo. pages, or their 
 
iOX. JAMKS L. HOWARD. 
 
68 A STORT OF SIX BEOADES. 
 
 equivalent in some other form, besides circulating more than an equal 
 amount from other publishers, and had accumulated a considerable 
 property." The other, that the Business had, during the fifty years, 
 directly contributed nearly $100,000 to the Society's Missionary 
 Work. Five periodicals for Sunday-schools were on its list: The 
 "Young Reaper," semi-monthly; the "Baptist Teacher," monthly; 
 "Bible Lesson Leaflets," weekly; "Primary Lesson Papers," weekly; 
 and "Our Little Ones," four times a month — the aggregate of these 
 several issues for the year amounting to about 9,000,000 copies. 
 The Benevolent Work for the year was represented by the employ- 
 ment of twenty Sunday-school Missionaries, fifteen Colporteurs, and 
 ten Missionary Agents; with Grants of Bibles and religious literature 
 to various parties in thirty-one States, Territories, and Conntries; 
 Libraries to one hundred and forty-four Sunday-schools; and Li- 
 braries to eighty-seven ministers. The Invested Funds at this date 
 amounted to $78,500, besides $15,000 upon -which the Business 
 Department annually paid interest to the Missionary Department. 
 
 In 1875, an addition was made to the list of Helps for Sunday- 
 schools, by the issue of the "Baptist Question Book," on the "In- 
 ternational Lesson Series," which immediately gained a large circu- 
 lation. The special feature of this and the succeeding year was 
 the Mission in Rome, Italy, under direction of the Rev. W. C. 
 Van Meter. The Society closed its relation to that work in Octo- 
 ber, 1877. 
 
 In January, 1877, the "Primary Question Book" appeared, as 
 an additional aid to Sunday-school workers, and was warmly wel- 
 comed. In February, the Rev, Dr. Randolph resigned the ofiice of 
 
A STOUT OF SIX DECADES. 
 
 69 
 
 Sunciay-schviol Secretary, in order to return to a pastorate. The 
 Board placed on record their appreciation of him "as a brother 
 dearly beloval, both for his own and for his work's sake." May 
 17-20, of the same year, 
 the third Baptist National 
 Sunday School Convention 
 and Institute was held in 
 Boston, under direction of 
 the Society, the interest 
 being in all respects as 
 great as in those that had 
 preceded it. A review of 
 twenty years was inciir- 
 porated in the Report fn- 
 that year, and a detailed 
 descrijition given of the 
 Invested Benevolent 
 Funds held by the So- 
 ciety, which had then at- 
 tained a total of $143,- '■ ■'• ■'■ -'""n-^on, h. u. 
 
 825. In every direction there had been a marvelous growth. On 
 every hand were sources of encouragement to renewed effort. 
 
 By appointment of the Board, in 1878, George J. Johnson, d. d., 
 became "Missionary Secretary" of the Societ}'. For several years 
 previous the contributions had not been sufficient to meet the ex- 
 penses of missionary work that the Board felt it imperative to main- 
 tain; hence a debt of al)out $26,000 had accumulated against the 
 
70 A STORY OF SIX DECADES. 
 
 Missionary Department, which the Business had advanced and could 
 not afford to cancel, as it had done in some former years. Within a 
 few months, the entire debt was provided for, Mr. Bucknell leading 
 with a subscription of $5,000. At once an enlargement of work 
 was entered upon, with corresponding increase of income. 
 
 " Primary Lessons " meanwhile, in 1878, became "Our Children's 
 Picture Lessons," with some improvement in style and matter. 
 During this year the plan of having the lessons in a Quarterly form 
 was adopted, so that, in 1879, the " Bible Lesson Quarterly " ap- 
 peared, and finally superseded the " Baptist Question Book." For 
 several years succeeding, the various Missionary operations of the 
 Society were grouped together, under the general direction of the 
 Missionary Secretary. 
 
 In 1880, the " Robert Raikes Centenary " was observed througn- 
 out the country, and the contributions of Baptist Sunday-schools, for 
 the extension of Sunday-school work, amounted to over $10,000. 
 These contributions came from nearly every State and Territory ; the 
 Provinces of Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia, 
 and the Island of Cuba. It was the first general effort of Baptist 
 Sunday-schools in our country in aid of the Society's Missionary 
 Work. The contributions of Sunday-schools in England were used 
 for the erection of a monument to Robert Raikes. 
 
 In that year appeared the " Gospel Hymn and Tune Book," for 
 prayer and conference meetings, prepared by Drs. Lowry and Doane. 
 It met a popular need — the entire quantity printed being over 
 69,000 copies. 
 
 A feature of the year was a series of special meetings, conducted 
 
A STORY OF SIX DECADES. 
 
 71 
 
 by the Missionary Secretary and other?, by wliom the various 
 phases of the Society's work were set forth. Such meetiDgs were 
 
 A V 
 
 i 
 
 MONUMENT ERECTED IN ENGLAND TO ROBERT RAIKES. 
 
 held in Pittsburg, Washington, Cincinnati, Covington, Richmond, 
 Brooklyn, Wilmington, Baltimore, Albany, Troy, Indianapolis, Nash- 
 
72 A STOUT OF SIX DECADES. 
 
 ville, Scranton, Cleveland, Buffalo, Chicago, and Eochester. The 
 full list is given, to show the breadth and activity of the effort. 
 
 The year 1881 was marked by several interesting and important 
 events. A general Sunday School Institute was held at Indianapolis, 
 Indiana, in May, immediately preceding the Anniversaries. The 
 Sunday-school Periodicals of the Society were re-inforced by three 
 new ones — the " Intermediate Quarterly," the " Picture Lesson 
 Cards," and " Our Young People " ; and the " Bible Lesson Quar- 
 terly," greatly improved and enlarged, became the "Advanced 
 Quarterly." 
 
 The "Complete Commentary on the New Testament" was pro- 
 jected, in 1876, under the general direction of Alvah Hovey, D. D. 
 In the year 1882, appeared the first of the series, the volume on the 
 Gospel of Mark, by W. N. Clarke, d. d., of Montreal. An im- 
 portant issue of the same year was Dr. Hovey's admirable "Manual 
 of Systematic Theology and Christian Ethics." 
 
 For two years previous, Mr. William Bucknell, Chairman of the 
 Board, had contributed each year $1,000, for the organization of new 
 Sunday-schools. He now gave the Society $10,000, to be known as 
 the " Harriet M. Bucknell Memorial Fund," for the same purpose. 
 The close of the fiscal year completed a quarter century of contin- 
 uous service by the General Secretary. The Board adopted a well- 
 merited tribute to the efficiency of his administration, and united in 
 the presentation of an elegant and appropriately inscribed Library 
 Lamp — one of the finest pieces of decorative work ever made in this 
 country. 
 
 The receipts for Missionary purposes, for the first time in the his- 
 
A STORY OF SIX DECADES. 73 
 
 tory of the Society, included contributions from every State and Ter- 
 ritory in the nation, and made an aggregate larger than ever be- 
 fore; the work done was greater in amount; all expenses were paid; 
 and a small balance remained to the credit of each Department. 
 
 "The Sunlight," a semi-monthly juvenile paper, supplementing 
 the " Young Reaper," and the " Home Circle," a magazine for the 
 family, were commenced in 1882. The latter was continued but two 
 years. During this year, the "National Baptist" was sold to H. L. 
 Wayland, D. c, its present JEditor and Proprietor. In the same 
 year appeared the "Baptist Hymnal," prepared by Drs. W. H. 
 Doane and E. H. Johnson, which at once gained a wide-spread 
 popularity. 
 
 The year 1883 was specially marked by the long-deferred settle- 
 ment of the Bible question, elsewhere noted, and the formal accept- 
 ance by the Society of the trust in behalf of Home Bible Work, in 
 pursuance of which, a "Bible Department" was at once organized; 
 a " Bible Committee " was appointed by the Board ; and the work 
 was entered upon with vigor. 
 
 The Report of 1883 notices in appreciative terms the death 
 of Mrs. Sally L. Crozer, "the special friend and patron of this 
 Society," whose direct and personal pecuniary contributions had 
 been among the largest received, and who "for fourteen years 
 had entirely supported two of the Society's most useful Sunday- 
 school missionaries." 
 
 The system of Lesson Helps was, in 1884, brought to the highest 
 degree of completeness and perfection yet attained. The "Primary 
 Quarterly," taking the place of the "Children's Picture Lessons"; the 
 
74 A STOUT OF SIX DECADES. 
 
 " Senior Quarterly," for the adult element in the schools; and the 
 "Baptist Superintendent," a paper for superintendents, — were estab- 
 lished; each of them promptly gaining a large circulation. The ag-, 
 gregate of issues for the year reached the enormous number of 
 17,000,000 copies. In this year, also, the Society acquired, by 
 purchase, the plates and copyright of the " Encyclopedia of Religious 
 Knowledge," the great work which had made the reputation of its 
 former Book Editor, J. Newton Brown, d. d. 
 
 The other special features of the year were the " Children's Day," 
 on the second Sunday in June, and the " Children's Bible Day," in 
 November. Thirty-five years before, as mentioned elsewhere, the 
 Board had suggested the observance of the second Sunday in June as 
 a concert of prayer for the Society, with contributions, when practic- 
 able, for its Benevolent Work. Now, an effort was made on a wider 
 scale. Programmes and otlier materials were furnished free, by the 
 Society, to those who would agree to make contributions. A similar 
 plan was observed for the "Bible Day," on the second Sunday in 
 November following. The result of the offei'ings on both days, 
 amounted to very nearly $19,000. 
 
 An examination of the Tables given in the Appendix will show 
 the marvelous progress made during the period under review. The 
 population of our country had increased from 10,000,000 to 50,000,- 
 000, a gain of 500 per cent. Tiie Baptist Ministry had increased 
 from 2,219 to 16,667, a gain of 651 per cent. The total number of 
 Baptist Churches had increased from 3,594 to 28,696, a gain of 695 
 per cent. The membership had increased from 225,000 to 2,507,703, 
 a gain of 1010 per cent. Meanwhile, the Baptist Publication Society 
 
A STORT OF SIX DECADES. 75 
 
 had shown corresponding increase. The average Receipts of the 
 second decade, as compared with those of the first, are shown to be 
 more than ten times greater in the Benevolent Department, and 
 twenty-four times greater in the Business. The average Receipts in 
 the last decade, as compared with those of the fii"st, is eleven hundred 
 and nine times greater in the Benevolent Department, and one hun- 
 dred and three times greater in the Business Department. The 
 average issues of the last decade, as compared with tiiose of the first 
 decade, are nearly sixty-eight times greater. 
 
 We have noticed the trials and struggles in the early days when, 
 because of insufiicient means to maintain the enterprise, the gloom 
 of despair seemed gathering about those who were charged with its 
 management. We have also noticed that the Benevolent Work of 
 the Society has increased in proportion as the volume of the business 
 increased. Although presented iu a separate department, it will be 
 seen that the work is essentially a unit, those who have contributed 
 to its treasury apparently having broad perceptions of its scope and 
 purpose, and desiring the largest measure of success for the entire 
 work. The value of either one department is in great degree the 
 value of the other. Thorough and careful management of the 
 Business Department has produced confidence, so that no one 
 hesitates to make the Society the agent of his beneficence in that 
 other department which, for distinction, is called "Benevolent"; at 
 the same time being assured that on every hand in the administration 
 there shall be due regard to strict business principles, whereby both 
 the "Benevolence" and the "Business" may together be safely 
 expanded to meet the exigencies and needs of succeeding years. 
 
BENEVOLENT AND MISSIONAEY. 
 
 REPEATED allusions have been made in these pages to the two- 
 fold character and aims of the Baptist Publication Society. It 
 seems fitting, at this point, to bring out distinctly the several phases 
 of its Benevolent and Missionary Departments, although at the risk 
 of an occasional repetition in the statement of facts. From its 
 earliest years the Society has been an essentially benevolent organi- 
 zation. In its beginning, the single purpose was to publish and 
 circulate Tracts. In 1828, the Board declared that its ambition 
 would be satisfied in " adding 300 pages annually to its list," so 
 proving that mere considerations of business did not enter into their 
 minds. From 1839 onward, there were various classifications in the 
 statements of Receipts and Expenditures, under the heads of " Mer- 
 chandise," "Donations," "Colporteur Fund," and "Capital"; but it 
 was not until 1 854 that special mention was made of a " two-fold 
 aspect" of the Society's work, such mention being then deemed 
 necessary, in view of the increasingly numerous applications for aid. 
 In the statement of the Treasurer, for the year 1856, the Receipts 
 and Expenditures of " Benevolent Funds," or donations of the 
 churches, are given separately, but are also included in the usual gene- 
 ral statement. In the body of the Report for 1858, the amount of 
 "Benevolent Funds" received is stated, but the entire receipts and 
 
 disbursements are given under the heading of " Business Statement." 
 76 
 
A STORT OF SIX DECADES. 11 
 
 In 1859, however, the two Departments are presented distinct and 
 separate, at all points, under the two heads of "Business Depart- 
 ruent," and " Benevolent Department." Yet it was not until 1862 
 that the two Departments were made so entirely distinct from each 
 other as to have separate sets of Account Books and separate Bank 
 Accounts. They now have different Counting Rooms. 
 
 Although, at various times, the lines were drawn between Be- 
 nevolence and Business, it is clear that these distinctions were made 
 merely as a convenience of statement. It was not with a view 
 to build up a great Publishing House with any private interests, 
 that the Managers of the Society have given their time, and strength, 
 and money; no person has ever been enriched by it; and though 
 every one engaged in the enterprise should be taken away, its benefi- 
 cent work would still go on. As a Christian and Denominational 
 Publishing Interest, the need for it has always been recognized, and 
 on this principle it has been maintained. At the tenth anniversary 
 of the Society, in 1834, the Board made the following emphatic 
 statement: "The impoi-tance of the Society will be yet more 
 evident when we compute the probable value of its influence in pro- 
 moting uniformity of opinion and sentiment throughout the whole 
 body of our people. In our view, the existence of the Society is 
 requisite, even though it should send forth none but tracts on general 
 subjects. For the views and sentiments under the sanction of the 
 Society have this advantage from that sanction — they are more 
 readily and generally received, and will be more read and respected 
 when their claims and merits are vouched for by those whose judg- 
 ment and opinions are weighty and considerable." Three years later. 
 
78 A STORY OF SIX DECADES. 
 
 in the Annual Report, the same point is made: " Is it too much to 
 believe that your winged heralds, flying in every direction, have 
 conduced much toward unity of feeling and sentiment among the 
 brethren? That they have aided in the suppression of error, and the 
 advancement of truth?" The claims thus made are well sustained by 
 existing facts. In no other way, probably, could the desired result 
 have been gained more fully and surely. Until 1878, the salaries of 
 all officials and clerks employed at the Home Office, in both Depart- 
 ments, were paid from the Business. Upon the appointment of a 
 " Missionary Secretary," the salary and expenses of that officer and 
 his assistants in the Rooms were made a regular charge upon the 
 special department which they served, as those of the District Secre- 
 taries and other collecting agents upon the field have always been. 
 At the present time, the Missionary Department has its Rooms, 
 lighted and heated, and a very large portion of the time and service 
 of the General Secretary free of all expense. It receives from the 
 Business, at cost, all Bibles and Testaments; also publications for 
 circulation by its Missionaries and Colporteurs. On these publica- 
 tions, furnished at cost, the Missionary Department makes a profit 
 of fi om three to four thousand dollars a year. On the other hand 
 the Missionary Department pays all of its own expenses, such as 
 the salaries of Missionaries, District Secretaries, Missionary and 
 Bible Secretary, and Assistants in its own department. 
 
 Missionary Colportage. — It is evident that when Tracts had 
 been produced, the best and most economical method for distributing 
 them was always an unsolved problem. In addition to this, the cost 
 of administration for a necessarily limited work, made the expense 
 
A STORT OF SIX, DECADES. 79 
 
 account disproportionate to the general receipts. The need of tracts 
 did not lessen, but rather increased, and with that need came another 
 — for books of a suitable kind to be sold at a profit by those who 
 were employed to distribute tracts. 
 
 Nearly a year before the American Tract Society held its first 
 informal meeting to discuss the question of employing Colporteurs, 
 the Baptist Publication Society had announced, in 1840, its purpose 
 to employ "traveling agents," and in the Annual Report for 1841, 
 the technical term, OolpoHews, appears for the first time in any 
 regular American document, in the record given of such " traveling 
 agents, upon the colporteur system." The Society was therefore the 
 pioneer in this line of Christian work, which has been sustained with 
 greater or less efficiency from that day to the present. 
 
 The primary plan of Colportage was simply the employment of 
 itinerant ministers and missionaries, without salary, to whom a 
 supply of books was furnished, and a percentage was allowed on 
 sales. The subsequent and generally adopted plan provided a 
 moderate salary, with outfit and traveling expenses. The first 
 instance of this kind appears in the Report for 1845, the Colporteur 
 named being the Rev. A. B. Harris, whose field was Illinois, Mis- 
 souri, and Kentucky. His salarj-^ was $75 a year. During six 
 months, he traveled 2,486 miles, visited 40 churches and preached 66 
 sermons, made 28 addresses and 275 religious visits, sold 644 volumes, 
 and distributed about 9,000 pages of tracts. This report is here 
 given as a sample of colporteur work in general. 
 
 Work op the Society in Foreign Lands. — It has been 
 observed that frequent and urgent calls early came to the Society 
 
80 
 
 A STORY OF SIX DECADES. 
 
 for Tracts, to be circulated in foreign fields, and that the response 
 was always hearty and generous. 
 
 Germany. — Captain Calvin Tubbs, of Philadelphia, master of 
 
 RKV. JIIIIN GEKHAUD ONCKEN. 
 
 the brig "Mars," became ice-bound with his vessel in Hamburg, 
 probably in the winter of 1830-31, and for a time found a home in 
 
A STOUT OF SIX DECADES. 81 
 
 the family of the Rev. John Gerhard Oncken, then a member of the 
 English Independent Church in Hamburg, and a missionary of the 
 Edinburgh Bible Society. Through the intelligence and faithfulness 
 of Captain Tubbs, Mr. Oncken was led to examine and adopt Baptist 
 principles. Subsequently, several tracts were sent, to reinforce the 
 personal presentation of the truth. Referring to those on Baptism, 
 Mr. Oncken wrote: "They were quite new to me, and have 
 tended not a little to establish me in my purpose to comply 
 with this part of my Saviour's command as soon as possible." 
 After speaking of the great need of such tracts in his native land, he 
 adds: "But alas! we have not the means to defray the expenses of 
 printing them. It would, therefore, afford me unspeakable pleasure 
 if your Society could extend its labors to infidel Germany." Mr. 
 Oncken was, with six others, baptized by Barnas Sears, d.d., April 
 22, 1843, and a Baptist Church was organized, which called him to be 
 its pastor. Tracts were sent him, and the means furnished to publish 
 others, and employ several colporteurs. Such was the humble com- 
 mencement of a mighty work that spread, with glorious results, 
 into Switzerland, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Russia, and Austria; 
 planted Baptist Churches in many of the principal cities of Protest- 
 ant Europe; and has already done much to revolutionize public 
 sentiment there on the subject of religious liberty. 
 
 The workers, especially at first, suffered great persecution, but the 
 work went on ; 26,000 persons were brought to the light, and or- 
 ganized into 130 churches. Nearly 1,200 preaching stations were 
 comprised in the " German Baptist Union." A publication interest 
 was finally established there, owned and controlled by Dr. Oncken. 
 
82 A STORY OF SIX DECADES. 
 
 But persecutions from without were succeeded by perils from within. 
 By reason of age and infirmity, the great leader was laid aside from 
 active effort. 
 
 In what seemed the hour of greatest need the Publication Society 
 came to the rescue, and, in 1878, Philip W. Bickel, d.d., was sent, 
 at the urgent request of brethren in Germany, to take charge of 
 the work. Dr. Oncken having made over his establishment, with cer- 
 tain conditions and reservations, to the Bund, or General Missionary 
 Association. The Publication Society assumed the support of Dr. 
 Bickel for three years. Without this help, the work in Germany 
 could not have been sustained. In 1882, another earnest appeal was 
 made to the Board for the maintenance of Dr. Bickel for a second 
 term of years, as his work was of the utmost importance in "the 
 fatherland," if not indeed in all Europe; and special funds were raised 
 to sustain him for three years longer. The results stated by Dr. 
 Bickel in 1884 fully justify the wisdom of this action. 28,956 
 Baptists were reported, of whom 2,967 were baptized during the 
 year previous. Twenty-seven colporteurs had been employed, and 
 a vast quantity of Bibles and religious literature had been dis- 
 tributed. 
 
 Sweden. — One of the books sent to Germany, at the earnest 
 request of Dr. Oncken, wa.s "Pengilly on Baptism." This' book 
 came into the hands of the Rev. Andreas Wiberg, a converted 
 Lutheran minister in Sweden, and led him to become a Baptist. He 
 seems to have been raised up to do a special work for his native 
 land, for which he became in great measure fitted by a careful study 
 of the doctrines and polity of Baptist Churches. A great religious 
 
A STORY OF SIX DECADES. 
 
 83 
 
 awakeuing was then in progress in Sweden, and those who dared to 
 separate themselves from the State Church were subjected to a bitter 
 persecution, details of which have entered into tlie Baptist history 
 of the present century. The " Conventicle Act " sealed the lips of 
 the preacher, but the press 
 was free; hence the plan 
 of col portage exactly fi tted 
 the needs of the hour. 
 The Rev. C. F. Hejden- 
 berg, becoming a Bajjtist, 
 went to Hamburg, Ger- 
 many, and was baptized, 
 then returned to Sweden, 
 administered the ordi- 
 nance to others, and con- 
 stituted four Baptist 
 Churches. Mr. Wiberg 
 was in this country, busily 
 engaged in translating 
 tracts and books for his 
 afflicted brethren, and 
 preparing a plan for colportage. He applied to the Missionary 
 Union, but that Society was not prepared to appoint him. 
 
 In 1855, he was sent out by the Publication Society as a Mis- 
 sionary Colporteur. Four additional colporteurs were soon ap- 
 pointed, and the cause of Evangelical religion spread with extra- 
 ordinary rapidity, notwithstanding the violent opposition of Church 
 
 REV. ANDREAS WIBEKG. 
 
84 A STORT OF SIX DECADES. 
 
 and State, by fines, imprisonment, and social oppression. In 1866, 
 the work was transferred to the Missionary Union, at which time 
 there were in Sweden 176 Baptist Churches, with a membership 
 of 6,606. Good results had also been gained in Norway, and 
 other surrounding countries. 
 
 In 1882, a second call came from Sweden, not as before for mis- 
 sionary work, but to send the Rev. Jonas Stadling as a Publication 
 Missionary, to inaugurate and conduct a publishing and colporteur 
 work. Special funds were contributed for the purpose, and the 
 Society assumed his support for a period of three years. 
 
 In other Cotjnteies, as previously noted, the Society's work 
 has mainly been that of Tract distribution. 
 
 France, in 1854, from the little Baptist Church in Bordeaux, 
 sent an appeal in these words : " Baptist Christians ! France sent' 
 you bayonets more than three-score years ago, to aid you in founding 
 your Republic ; now we solicit your aid, by the help of the Lord, to' 
 evangelize that same France, if it be dear to you." A few tracts 
 were provided, but the scarcity of means prevented any further entry 
 of a great open door. 
 
 Italy had some help during a few years, through specially 
 designated funds, and God's word obtained free course in that land^ 
 of Papal bondage. 
 
 Mexico has been opened up by the Colporteurs of the Society, 
 two being employed in 1883, one of whom reported the organization 
 of four Sunday-schools, and the distribution of 715 copies of 
 Scriptures. 
 
 British Columbia, and Manitoba, each have had some help in 
 
A STOUT OF SIX DECADES. 85 
 
 books and missionary service, though nothing like the amount that 
 is needed. 
 
 Turkey, in 1883, received aid through the Society in a similar 
 manner, and is still receiving it in the maintenance of the Kev. John 
 Baptist Haygooni, m.d., as a Missionary Colporteur and Evangelist. 
 Dr. Haygooni came to this country without any knowledge that there 
 was a religious denomination known as Baptists. His study of the 
 New Testament led to a comparison of their views, which he finally 
 adopted. -After a full theological and medical course, he sought to 
 return to his native land as a Medical Missionary; but the way to his 
 appointment was not open. At this juncture, special funds were 
 proffered, and the Publication Society became the medium whereby 
 he was sent into the field. His residence is at Constantinople. The 
 work has already been wonderfully fruitful of good. 
 
 Armenia, also, is having some help by the labors of the Rev. A. 
 J. Melchonian, m. d., supported, like the others named, by specially 
 provided funds, and for a similar work. The story of Dr. Melcho- 
 nian, like that of Dr. Haygooni, has a romantic flavor. Converted 
 in early manhood, the needs of his native land so moved him that he 
 came to this country to qualify himself by proper study to become a 
 Medical Missionary. Upon witnessing the administration of the or- 
 dinance of baptism, he was so deeply impressed that he carefully 
 examined the New Testament upon the question, and was finally 
 baptized, July 4, 1876. He is located at Erzeroum, Armenia, and in 
 every direction the good work seems to be opening. 
 
 StTNDAY-sCHOOLS. — In the first Annual Report of the Society, 
 we find this statement: "Sabbath-schools are particularly calculated 
 
86 A STORY OF SIX DECADES. 
 
 to give circulation to Tracts. These may be distributed as rewards 
 to the scholars, and thus they will probably be read by the scholars 
 themselves and by their parents." To what extent this suggestion 
 was carried out we cannot tell. 
 
 When the Colporteur system came into being, occasional mention 
 was made of the Colporteurs having "attended Sunday-schools," but 
 without any particulars. In 1845, mention is made that libraries 
 were granted to "a few destitute Sunday-schools"; in the next year 
 the number being specified as three. 
 
 The Report for 1853 makes first mention of a "Sunday-school 
 Department," to secure more complete organization and statistics. At 
 this period, Union schools were numerous, and, in the newer sections 
 of the country, at least, prevailed so generally that a denominational 
 sentiment was almost unknown in Sunday-school work. As a con- 
 sequence, all doctrinal teaching where there was difference of opinion 
 was of necessity studiously avoided. One effect of this was to keep 
 the churches weak, and to cause a loss of many who otherwise would 
 have been won to Baptist ranks. There was need of a thorough 
 awakening. It came rapidly, so that in 1859 the Board reported the 
 organization of 84 new Baptist schools, partly, perhaps, through the 
 offer made of a $10 Library to eveiy school that promised perma- 
 nency. The same year, the hope was expressed that the Board might 
 "be enabled to send Sunday-school Missionaries into every State and 
 Territory, forming a Baptist school wherever one can be permanently 
 sustained." An interesting paragraph occurs in the report from 
 Sweden. Mr. Wiberg writes : "There have been organized about 
 30 Sunday-schools, numbering from 600 to 700 children. The work 
 
A STORY OF SIX DECADES. 87 
 
 of Sunday-schools is nearly as new as the Baptist cause in Sweden." 
 Thus the American and Swedish work went on together. 
 
 The development of denominational Sunday-school work naturally 
 led to a thorough revision and enlargement of the Question Books 
 for schools, with a view to something like a denominational, as well 
 as Christian training. This was a decidedly forward movement. In 
 1856, appears a record of 55 Sunday-schools organized directly by 
 Colporteurs of the Society. 
 
 The year 1864 brought into being the Crozer Sunday-school 
 Library Fund, amounting to $10,000, given by Mr. John P. Crozer, 
 for the benefit of poor Sunday schools in need of libraries, which 
 formed a beneficence for all time to come. In 1866, it was stated 
 that 239 Sunday-schools had been aided by grants ; and 1 2 distinc- 
 tively Sunday-school Missionaries had been appointed. In the fol- 
 lowing year, 120 new schools were reported, and an earnest plea was 
 made for increased support in the effort to establish a Baptist school 
 wherever there was a Baptist church. 
 
 In 1870, the Board reported the organization of 308 new schools 
 during the year. From this time forward, the Sunday-school Benev- 
 olent and Missionary Work was carried on along the several lines 
 already indicated ; in many cases independently ; in others conjointly 
 with State Associations, Conventions, and Boards. 
 
 The aim of the Society is to place efficient Sunday-school Mis- 
 sionaries in every State and Territory of the Union, who shall devote 
 all their time and energies to the planting of new schools ; the im- 
 provement of existing schools ; and the thorough organization of 
 Baptist workers for efficient Sunday-school work. The record of 
 
88 A STOUT OF SIX DECADES. 
 
 over six thousand schools established, shows the immediate results j 
 other untold results cannot be estimated, but must be left to the 
 great day, when all things shall be revealed. 
 
 Bible Work. — It would be very singular, indeed, if an organi- 
 zation designed for the elevation and "improvement of a people, and 
 the indoctrination of that people in the great truths of the word of 
 God, should not from its earliest history circulate the Bible, even 
 though there were somewhat kindred Societies that had as their 
 specific purpose, the printing and distribution of the word of God. 
 
 It would be singular, too, in view of their spiritual ancestry, if 
 Baptists were not alive to the importance and necessity of a distinct- 
 ive Bible work, for to one of their number, Joseph Hughes, is given 
 the honor of first suggesting the idea of a Society for the circulation 
 of the Bible throughout the world ; and to another, the Rev. John 
 Canne, a Baptist minister, is awarded the credit for first preparing 
 and publishing the Scriptures with marginal references; and Dr. 
 Philip Schaff is authority for the statement that Baptists were the 
 leaders in the great work of modern revision of the Bible. 
 
 There can hardly be any doubt that when the first colporteurs of 
 the Society went forth upon their mission in 1840, the Bible had 
 honorable place among the literature they distributed. We do not 
 find any special mention of the fact, but the inference is fair and 
 reasonable. It is equally fair to admit that, with a distinctive Bible 
 Society in the field, the work of the Publication Society in that direc- 
 tion was incidental. Five years later, at the twenty-first annual 
 meeting, a vote of thanks was given to the American and Foreign 
 Bible Society, ■" for a liberal donation of Bibles and Testaments," as 
 
A STORY OF SIX DECADES. 89 
 
 if the distribution of them by the Agents of the Publication Society- 
 were a matter of usual occurrence. 
 
 In 1854, the Statistical Table of Colportage, for the first time, 
 contained a column headed " Families Found Without the Bible"; 
 and 1,287 are so reported, of which number 169 were in Illinois, and 
 807 in Pennsylvania ; yet the body of the Report does not make any 
 mention of Bible distribution. It is probable that Bibles were fur- 
 nished in such cases, and that, in accordance with the usual custom, 
 they were counted among the volumes sold or distributed. 
 
 In the Report of 1 860, it is stated that copies of the Bible had 
 been given " to 275 families who hitherto had none." Further, tliat 
 " some donors specifically designated their money for Bible distribu- 
 tion, and it had been sacredly applied in accordance with their 
 wishes." The next year presented an additional column, headed, 
 " Families Supplied With the Bible " ; and the number of copies is 
 also given, with other items, in the general summary. 
 
 In successive years, the Bible Work of the Society received special 
 prominence, in accordance with direct instructions to the Board, a 
 resolution adopted in 1880 being " That the Board of this Society be 
 hereby instructed to prosecute, to the utmost of its ability, the Bible 
 work in the home field," and in the following year the By-laws of 
 the Board were so changed as to provide for a special and permanent 
 Committee on Bible Work. 
 
 May 22 and 23, 1883, are memorable days in the history of the 
 Baptist Denomination. On those days 436 delegates to the Bible 
 Convention of American Baptists were assembled at . the First 
 Church, Saratoga Springs, N. Y., and, after due deliberation, unani- 
 
90 
 
 A STORY OF SIX DECADES. 
 
 mously recommended that the Home Bible Work should be done by 
 the Baptist Piiblicatiou Society, and the Foreign Bible Work by the 
 Missionary Union. The recommendation was accepted heartily and 
 
 cordially by all parties 
 interested, and the several 
 questions involved were 
 definitely settled. The 
 way had been long and 
 tortuous ; the difficulties 
 so great as sometimes to 
 seem insuperable; but the 
 divine guiding hand had 
 brought all things right 
 in the end. C. C. Bit- 
 ting, D. D., was very soon 
 thereafter appointed 
 " Bible Secretary." 
 
 Thenceforward the 
 "Bible Department" of 
 r. f. BiTTixQ, D. D. the Society became 
 
 marked and prominent. As to versions, the Society was not tram- 
 meled. It was the only religious organization that issued the Can- 
 terbury Revision with the preferences of the American Revisers. It 
 had always circulated the issues of the American Bible Union, so far 
 as these were desired by the public. It remains in the enjoyment of 
 a liberty as to versions that is not psrmitted by the organic law of 
 any other Bible Society. 
 
J STORY OF SIX DECADES. 91 
 
 The gross receipts in the department, the first year of its opera- 
 tions, were $22,750.61 ; and distribution of Scriptures was made to 
 forty-five States, besides Mexico and Sweden. Seventeen persons 
 were specially employed in as many States, without compensation, as 
 Bible Missionaries. The needs far exceeded the means of supply, as 
 the Boards of the Home Mission Society and the Southern Baptist 
 Convention ; State Boards, Conventions, and Associations ; Mission- 
 aries of the Women's Home Mission Societies ; churches and Sunday- 
 schools ; and individuals in every part of our country, turned to the 
 Society for help. 
 
 Grants. — The benevolence of the founders of the Society re- 
 sulted in immediate beneficence. The only burden in all of the 
 early years was that the Society had so little means with which to 
 do so much that was required; for the demand was always greater 
 than the supply. When its operations were enlarged by the publica- 
 tion of bound volumes, the question of benevolence was still upper- 
 most, as is proven by the fact that, in the Report for 1843, a gratu- 
 itous distribution of books is mentioned as part of the work done, 
 and a plan is urged for giving "$10 libraries to poor ministers." 
 In 1844, grants of 13 ministers' libraries, valued- at $120, were 
 made, and grants to Sunday-schools to the value of $20. In the 
 year following, there were made 34 grants of libraries to ministers. 
 Since then, every year has shown more or less of these items, the 
 number and value constantly increasing. Over four thousand 
 ministers and students, and over eleven thousand Sunday-schools, 
 have been aided by grants. 
 
 Sources of Income foe Benevolent and Mission aey 
 
92 A STORY OF SIX DECADES. 
 
 Work. — These are threefold: First, the direct contributions of 
 churches, Sunday-schools, and individuals, applied according to 
 the wishes of the donors, if so specified; second, the Business 
 Department, which has been, at times, the largest contributor; 
 third, interest on permanently invested funds which have been 
 established at various times. There seems to be every reason why 
 churches and Sunday-schools should annually contribute toward the 
 maintenance and enlargement of the Society's Benevolent ^nd Mis- 
 sionary Work, which will be increased exactly in proportion as means 
 are furnished for the purpose. 
 
 Trust Funds. — ^Along the line of the Society's history are 
 numerous monuments erected by those who desired their gifts to 
 be productive of good for all time. The circumstances under 
 which some of these Trust Funds came into being, and their 
 peculiar conditions, are full of interest. What is known as the 
 " Ten Thousand Dollar Fund," originated in the fact that, in order 
 to publish the works of Andrew Ftiller, the Board was compelled 
 to borrow $2,400. The $10,000 was added to the business, as capital, 
 with a condition that the interest should annually be appliexl to the 
 gratuitous distribution of books and tracts. The several Funds 
 established by Messrs. Crozer and Bucknell were the result of needs 
 which, at various times, those brethren found marked and urgent, as 
 they participated in the management of the Society, and \yhich could 
 not be met by any ordinary contributions. 
 
 The " William Bucknell Centennial Fund " required the annual 
 distribution of $3,000, in the following named proportions : $1,500 
 for the benefit of the Freedmen of the South; $1,000 for the desti- 
 
A STOUT OF SIX DECADES. 93 
 
 tute of all classes ; $500 for free distribution of religious literature in 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 The income from the " Crozer Memorial Fund " was directed by 
 the donors to be applied in four equal parts: 1. To supplying libra- 
 ries to needy Baptist colored Sunday-schools, with a recommendation 
 that schools so aided should, in each instance, buy an amount equal 
 to the donation. 2. To the support of Sunday-school Missionaries 
 among the colored people. 3. To grants of libraries for needy col- 
 ored ministers, conditioned that books so furnished should all be well 
 bound and in a good salable condition. 4. To the aid of young col- 
 ored men who are students for the ministry. One-'half of each por- 
 tion is stipulated as for needy applicants from evangelical churches 
 irrespective of denomination. 
 
 The "Invested Bible Fund" was commenced by the gift of 
 $5,000 by Mrs. Sally L. Crozer, on her seventieth birthday, the 
 remainder being added at the time of her death. The " Ministers' 
 Library Fund " was commenced by Mr. John P. Crozer, by the gift 
 of $5,000. After his death, Mrs. Crozer completed the amount by 
 an additional $5,000 on her seventieth birthday. 
 
 The income from the "Maryland Missionary Fund" is desig- 
 nated exclusively for work in Maryland. The " Elizabeth A. Lyon 
 Fund" is the beginning of a permanent "Sunday-school Help 
 Fund," whereby Sunday-schools can be aided In obtaining regularly 
 the Lesson Helps published by the Society. 
 
 The " Merriman Book Fund " has a condition that, after the 
 death of the donor and his family, one-half the interest shall annu- 
 ally be added to the principal, until the whole amounts to $10,000. 
 
94 A STORY OF SIX DECADES. 
 
 The net income is appropriated to the benefit of theological students. 
 The " May T. Randall Fund " was a " Thank offering," six per cent, 
 being applied annually to furnish Testaments for destitute Sunday- 
 schools. One of the oldest funds is the " Theron Fiske Colporteur 
 Fund," which requires that those appointed by its provisions shall be 
 ordained ministers who are " free from all connection or affinity to 
 any and every secret society, of whatever name or nature." 
 Another, the "Jonathan Davis Colporteur Fund," has an emphatic 
 condition going beyond that of the last named, requiring total absti- 
 nence from the use of intoxicating drinks and tobacco. 
 
 A full list of the Trust Funds is given in the Appendix. In 
 illustration of the fruitfulness of these invested funds, it may be 
 stated that the oldest one has paid as interest, in publications, more 
 than double the original sum contributed. The Crozer Sunday- 
 school Library Fund has yielded an income of over $13,000; the 
 Crozer Memorial Fund almost $54,000 j and others in like pro- 
 portion. 
 
 CoNDiTioi*rAL FiriirDS. — Certain gifts to the Society have been 
 made on condition that interest should be paid to the donor, or some 
 other person designated, during his or her life-time. In such cases 
 no great immediate advantage accrues to the Society; the money 
 being at once invested, and the interest paid over as agreed. The 
 donor is certain of income from the gift, without the trouble of 
 looking after it, and without the risk of loss through the depreciation 
 of stocks, or other causes, and has the satisfaction of knowing to a cer- 
 tainty that the amount will, without abatement, go to the purpose for 
 which it was designed, when temporal needs of the donor have ceased. 
 
A STORY OF SIX DECADES. 95 
 
 Furthermore, there is pleasure in the thought that the income will 
 thereafter continually be applied to a beneficent work. On the other 
 hand, the Society can well afford to act as trustee for a time, having 
 the certainty that it shall eventually receive as its own the full sum, 
 without delay or abatement. On both sides it is safe, equitable, and 
 sure. 
 
 A careful observation of the Benevolent and Missionary Work 
 done by the Society will show that a very large amount has been 
 accomplished by a comparatively small sum of money. And, if our 
 minds are attent, we shall see in how marked a manner the leadings 
 of Providence are clearly visible fi'om the very beginnings of its 
 history. The Cloud by day and the Pillar of Fire by night did not 
 more surely lead his ancient people than in these days they who 
 directed the work were led, sometimes where the path was a little 
 hard, but always up toward the bright and shining way. 
 
THROUGH "1420." 
 
 SINCE the flays of Gutenberg, when the art of printing first 
 came into prominence, there has been continuous interest in 
 all that pertains to books and book-making. The secrets of the 
 business have been brought to light again and again ; the mechanical 
 processes by which a book is produced, which have attained to great 
 perfection in these latter days, are in a general way well known; 
 yet, curiosity and interest concerning them remain undiminished. 
 
 Philadelphia has many attractive points, but few are more so to 
 Baptists than the Publication Society's Building, 1420 Chestnut 
 Street. On the same street with old Independence Hall, the United 
 States Mint, and other notable buildings, and just above Broad, we 
 shall easily find it, with its imposing front of 46 feet, and its depth 
 of 230 feet, extending through to Sansom Street. 
 
 Four stories of its front are built of the hardest and most durable 
 pure white marble. The fifth story is a slated Mansard, with orna- 
 mental Dormer windows. The design is bold, simple, and elegant. 
 The large door and window-openings are all arched, and supported 
 by round columns, placed singly or in pairs, which are entirely 
 separate from the marble work behind them. There are two entrance 
 vestibules, finished in hard woods and tiled with marble; one is the 
 main entrance to the store, while the other is common to the store 
 
 and the front stairway to the upper floors. 
 96 
 
98 A STORY OF SIX DEOADES. 
 
 We pause a moment to notice the immense show windows, in 
 which are displayed some of the many books, libraries, engravings, 
 and beautiful things that are within. Now the large entrance door 
 swings noiselessly, and we ai'e inside. Here is the store, in one 
 grand room, the full width of the lot, save where vestibules and 
 stairways narrow it. For extent, beauty, and commodiousness, it is 
 not often surpassed. Eighteen feet above us is the ceiling, divided 
 into full width panels by handsomely moulded beams. Three of 
 these panels, equi-distant from each other, are filled in with glass, 
 and tt-ansmit light from the skylights above, so that every portion 
 of the store is made bright and cheerful. 
 
 The front portion of the store is devoted to the retail business. 
 On each side, we notice hard-wood tables and book-cases of unique 
 design, in the ninteenth century Gothic style. Facing the door, at 
 the central column, is an elegant glass-case, filled with Family Bibles. 
 On our right, is the Children's Counter, with three tiers of the 
 beautiful books that so delight the little people. Beyond this, on the 
 same line, a long counter on which are elegant gift books in pro- 
 fusion. 
 
 If it be the holiday season, as when our view was taken, we shall 
 notice along the centre, back of the Bible show case, large tables 
 filled with the most choice American and English Juvenile illustrated 
 books. Beyond these, other tables, on which are displayed Christmas 
 and New Year Cards in great variety. Polite and attentive clerks, 
 of both sexes, are here and there, ready to answer your call for any- 
 thing wanted ; and you will not need to go elsewhere, if you desire 
 the best and most choice goods. 
 
A STORY OF SIX DECADES. 99 
 
 On our left is another range of counters. Do you want a 
 Teachers' Bible, or a small Bible of any style? Here you will find 
 it, in size and price to suit almost any purse. Next we come to a 
 long, plate-glass show case, containing fine stationery and fancy 
 goods. Back of these counters and cases, on the left, is a full line 
 of samples of the Society's Sunday-school library books, for ex- 
 amination by those who are making selections. 
 
 On the opposite side, the shelves ai'e well filled with a full assort- 
 ment of Theological books. This special feature is due to the 
 liberality of Mr. William Buckuell, who established it by a gift 
 of $10,000, in 1878. 
 
 Now we are under the first broad skylight. On our right is a 
 counter mostly occupied by the popular Sunday-school music books 
 of our time. You will, no doubt, find "Crowns," "Harps," 
 "Eobes," "Arks," "Caskets," "Gems," "Diamonds," and "Lays," 
 in abundance, with the Society's own popular "Select Sunday School 
 Songs." In the centre is a table containing the most recent Theo- 
 logical Books and Sunday-school Aids. The shelves on our right 
 are filled with the "Approved Sunday-school Books" of other 
 Houses. 
 
 Opposite is " The Ministers' Parlor." If your visit is made on 
 a Monday morning, you will meet there the Baptist ministers from 
 the city and vicinity, until it is time for the "Conference" to open, 
 on the floor above. The "Parlor" is neatly carpeted, and enclosed 
 by a heavy walnut railing. It has several stands containing files of 
 all the Baptist papers published in this country. 
 
 Now we come to the "Counting Room," 22 feet wide and 45 feet 
 
100 A SrORY OF SIX DECADES. 
 
 long, with high glass partitions. The front end is the "Cashier's 
 Department," occupying about one-third of the space; the remainder 
 being the Counting Eoom of the "Periodical Department," with 
 open windows at each end for business transactions. Built against 
 the wall is the "Fire-Proof" vault, 8 feet wide by 18 feet long, in 
 which the account books and other valuable articles are kept, when 
 
 SBCRISTARY S OFFICJS. 
 
 not in use. A large case, with 48 divisions for filing letters, forms 
 a feature of the Counting Room. 
 
 Adjoining this is the Office of the Secretary, which is enclosed by 
 a massive walnut railing, and so situated that the entire operations 
 carried on upon this floor may be under constant observation. 
 
 From the central portion of the store, a second tier of shelves 
 extends to the ceiling, and is reached by a Gallery, on each side. We 
 
A STOUT OF SIX DEOADES 101 
 
 observe a large case, with hundreds of spaces for the Tracts issued by 
 the Society. Near by is the opening to a small hand elevator which 
 communicates with each floor above. Beside this are the speaking 
 tubes to the various departments in the building. 
 
 Now we are in the Shipping Department. On each side, tier 
 upon tier, rise the shelves loaded with books, the space still insufficient 
 for the needs. Large tables contain small or large masses of stock 
 ready to be packed in boxes or bundles. A smaller table is loaded 
 with books and packages that skilled hands are wrapping for mailing. 
 At the rear portion of the store floor is the Mailing Department. 
 Should it be time for mailing the Quarterlies, the great U-shaped 
 tables will be piled high, almost to the ceiling, with Lesson Helps. 
 Inside the space, many clerks are busy wrapping and sending out 
 tons of mail matter every day; for you must know that it takes 
 over twenty million copies of the Periodicals each year to meet 
 the needs of Baptist schools. 
 
 You would like to know the meaning of the rumble and roar 
 that comes up from below? Here is a door, on our left. Down one 
 flight of wide steps, a turn to the right, and we are in the basement, 
 with its Asphalt pavement. 
 
 Under the lights from the street, at the rear part, are the great 
 Steam Presses. Beyond them stands a Vertical Engine, with belts 
 and pulleys, furnishing power to all parts of the building. Its 
 "driving wheel" seems disproportionate, until we think what its 
 purpose is ; and its little " Governor " spins round as if it were the 
 one important thing about the engine. 
 
 A few steps down, again on our right, and our courteous and 
 
102 
 
 A STOUT OF SIX DECADES. 
 
 faithful Engineer greets us with a smile of welcome on his sometimes 
 coal-begrimed, but good-natured, face. He shows us the "Fifty 
 horse power, high pressure, tubular boiler " which supplies the En- 
 gine, and the two " low pressure boilers " beside it, for heating the 
 building. Then he points out a small steam pump that sends a 
 steady stream up to the tanks on the upper floor, from which the 
 building is supplied with water. 
 
 You are eager to look in upon the Vaults, of which you have 
 
 INTERIOR OF VAULT. 
 
 often heard ? Well, here is the door, on your right. It is of iron, 
 and beyond it, with a space of twenty inches between, is another. 
 Except when some one is inside, both of these doors are kept closed. 
 The walls and roof are very thick, so that the contents of the Vault 
 would remain unharmed, in case the building should burn down, 
 for here much of the capital of the Society is stored, in Stereotype 
 and Electrotype Plates. When the door was last shut, an auto- 
 
A STORY OF SIX DECADES. 103 
 
 matic stop shut off the gas. We open it, and light some of the ten 
 burners. 
 
 We are in a room 107 feet long, 13 feet wide, and with an 
 arched ceiling 10 feet 6 inches high. At the further end is a second 
 door, similar to the one by which we entered. The sides and ends 
 of this room are shelved, the spaces generally being 18 inches square, 
 making seven hundred compartments. 
 
 The compartments are numbered consecutively, and each of the 
 boxes contained in them bears the name of some book. Here are at 
 least 3,500 boxes. Each box, on the average, contains 50 plates, 
 that probably cost $1.00 each. A little mental arithmetic demon- 
 strates that the value of these plates is not less than $175,000. 
 
 We open a box, and there they are, back to back, in condition to 
 be sent safely across the Continent, if necessary. But here is a low 
 case, used also for a table ; on each side are small, shallow compart- 
 ments, 364 in all, and each one filled more or less with the plates of 
 a single Ti'act. Then we notice another table, with 16 drawers; in 
 these are the Electrotypes used for the Advertising Department. 
 
 How do the printers manage to use these thin plates — you ask? 
 Some, you may have noticed, are "blocked," that is, fastened on a 
 piece of wood corresponding to the size of the plate. Now, if all 
 were so prepared, it would considerably increase the cost, and add 
 
 six times to the bulk. So an ingenious 
 device, called an "adjustable block," has 
 been produced, whereby the plate is 
 STEREOTYPE BLOCK. fastcued by movable clamps, and readily 
 
 removed when work with it is completed. 
 
104 A STORY OF SIX DECADES. 
 
 But we have seen only one of the Vaults. On the other side 
 of the thick partitioned wall is another room, 13 feet wide and 16 
 feet long, called "the Cut Vault." The thickness of the walls, on 
 all sides, increases the space occupied by the vaults to 16x128 feet. 
 Here are eight shelves, divided into compartments, and two extensive 
 cases in which are 127 drawers. On the shelves, and in the drawers, 
 we find Electrotypes of Engravings. They are of various sizes, and 
 the number reaches well over 10,000. A moderate estimate of their 
 value would be $25,000. 
 
 On our return, we pass huge piles of paper, in bundles. This is 
 but a small reserve supply. You may scarcely be able to realize that 
 over 10,000 reams of paper, weighing some 270 tons, are required 
 in a single year, for the Periodicals alone. 
 
 You do not see how it is possible to keep track of all these cuts 
 and plates? The plan is very simple. Every space, every drawer, 
 every section of a drawer, has its letter and number. Every Cut, 
 also, has its letter and number. A "proof" is ta,ken of an Engraving 
 as soon as it comes in. This proof is pasted into a Scrap-book, and 
 receives a letter and a number, corresponding to the letter and number 
 of the Electrotype. Whenever an engraving is wanted, the clerk 
 having this department in charge finds it readily by referring first 
 to the drawer or section indicated by the letter, and then as readily 
 finds the cut by its number. The system is simple, but accurate. 
 
 We tarry for a few moments to watch the busy motions of the 
 Passenger Elevator Engine. A connecting rod, in the hands of the 
 boy in the Elevator, controls its action, and makes it obedient to his 
 will. 
 
A STORY OF SIX DEGADES. 
 
 105 
 
 Here, ou our left, iu a huge mass of "Pigeon holes," are papers 
 and tracts, in great abundance. On our right, is row upon row' of 
 what seem to be large quarto bound volumes. A natural mistake. 
 Those are cases, in which are regularly filed the business corre- 
 
 01 
 
 ELEVATOR E^'CilNE. 
 
 spondence ; they would carry you back several years; by-and-by the 
 oldest will be destroyed, to make room for the new. That is the law 
 of life — the old is constantly giving place to the new. But for that, 
 the world would soon be filled with rubbish. 
 
 We have again come to the large presses. These Cylinder 
 ])resses have been brought to great perfection, and ai'e capable of do- 
 ing the finest work. They are the product of many years of thought 
 and labor. Everything in their construction has been c.irefully 
 studied; every important part is covered by patent; every motion is 
 
106 
 
 A SI' OUT 01 SIX DECADES. 
 
 guaranteed to be correct. They never cease to be a source of interest 
 and wonder. When tliey are in operation, we find iron, steel, cop- 
 per, lead, wood, cloth, and paper utilized, in addition to the softer 
 materials used in inlc and rollers. Compare this complete piece of 
 mechanism with the presses in use- at the beginning of the century, 
 
 CYLINDER I'KIKTINO PKESS. 
 
 and also compare the work done on each, and it will easily be seen 
 how great has been the advancement. It takes thirteen, such as 
 these, to do the printing of the Society. 
 
 Let us notice one of these presses in detail. It is printing 
 the "Ad^-anced Quarterly." Each revolution of its cylinder prints a 
 copy, and when tjie second side is printed, a little roller cutter divides 
 the sheet into two parts. The slieet starts from the upper table, and 
 
A STORY OF SIX DECADES. 
 
 107 
 
 passes around the cylinder, where it meets the "form," which is 
 "locked up" in an iron frame, called a "chase," and securely fastened 
 to the " bed " of the press, below. Over the types, or the plates com- 
 posing the "form," four well-inked rollers have passed and returned 
 out of the way before the paper 
 has reached it. In order that the 
 ink shall be evenly distributed 
 upon the "inking rollers," and so 
 cause a fair and even print, there 
 are employed at the further end 
 of the press, thirteen rollers, known 
 as "distributing rollers." Back- 
 ward and forward moves the bed, 
 the form and paper meeting with 
 exact precision, each time, and the 
 cylinder making two revolutions 
 to each impression. form. 
 
 You desire to know the speed? It varies. The Quarterlies are 
 turned off about 1,000 an hour; but 1,500 impressions an hour can 
 be made, if great haste is necessary. Yonder press is employ(>d 
 almost wholly in printing the "Picture Cards" in colors. For this 
 kind of printing, the speed is about 600 impressions an hour. Bv a 
 clever attachment, an exact register is kept of every sheet printed. 
 The quantity can be ascertained precisely, at any moment. 
 
 We emerge now from the semi-gloom of the basement, and, 
 passing to the elevator, ascend to the fifth floor. We notice that the 
 front part of the building is mostly occupied by offices. Our first 
 
 
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 108 
 
 A STOUT OF SIX DFAJADES. 
 
 stop is at the "Comiiosing Eoom," where busy hands are occupied in 
 type-setting. Here all the periodicals and books are "set up." 
 
 As we stand by a "Case," with its many divisions in which 
 the various letters of the "font" are assorted, 
 we notice the "Stick," as the printer calls it, in 
 which he s\viftly arranges the letters, "justify- 
 ing" tlie lines, by spaces between the words, to 
 exactly corresponding lengths. • When the "stick" 
 is full, he carefully lifts out the type in a body, 
 and places it on a "Galley," until the latter is 
 filled. Alongside of tlie column of type a strip 
 of wood is placed, and the whole mass is wedged firmly together, 
 in order to obtain a " proof." Now 
 he takes it to the "Proof-press," 
 which is simply a solid frame, over 
 the top of which runs a heavy roller 
 covered with felt. The type is 
 then inked by hand, a strip of moistened paper is laid upon the 
 type, the roller is passed across its face, and a rough proof is obtained. 
 
 It now has its first 
 reading. 
 
 The "Proof 
 GALLEY. Reader" carefully 
 
 and critically scans every word and every letter. Errors discovered 
 are indicated by marks on the margin of the slip. The compositor 
 then makes the corrections ; another proof is taken, as before, and 
 revised to see that the corrections are all made, when a clean proof is 
 
 <: 
 
 liv 
 
 &'._^_.. 
 
 COMPOSING STICK. 
 
A STOUT OF SIX DECADES. 
 
 109 
 
 PROOF-PKESS. 
 
 sent to the Author or Editor, before the type is "made-up" into 
 pages, or " forms " for the Stereotyper or the Press Room. 
 
 The compositor is usually paid "by the piece," or "the thousand." 
 
 You would like to know how 
 they measure up their work? - 
 Very easily done. Here is a 
 " Type-measure," which, on 
 its various faces indicates the 
 quantity of "ems" in any 
 given amount of type. The 
 face of a "lower case" m is 
 supposed to be the same size 
 each way, and this square 
 makes the standard, most of the other letters being 
 thinner. A "thousand" is not, therefore, a thousand 
 types, but the space occupied by a thousand of the letter 
 m ; and to determine the amount, the measure, or " Gauge," 
 
 is applied each way. 
 
 The type is now skillfully 
 removed from the "galley" 
 to the "Imposing-stone," a 
 flat, smooth stone covering 
 the top of a strong table; 
 and an iron frame, called a 
 "chase" is placed around 
 the pages. On the outer 
 sides of each page, next to the chase, wedges, known as "Ad- 
 
 IMPOSING-STONE. 
 
no 
 
 A STORY OF SIX DECADES. 
 
 justable Quoins," are inserted. By means of a small key with 
 strong arms, one of these is caused to slide upon the other, and thus 
 force the type close together, when the whole 
 "form" can be handled at will. 
 
 A final proof is now taken and read with great 
 iJl re. M^hen found to be correct in every particular, 
 
 I e form is sent to the stereotype foundry and a 
 ast " made, from which the printing is done. 
 Passing through the well-lighted, and quiet room 
 t the Proof Reader, we come to one of the " Sheet 
 I Doms," where much of the unbound stock is kept. 
 I mged along each side wall, and in two tiers through 
 tl e middle of the room, is a mass of shelving 
 I vided into 170 large compartments, which are 
 cupied by unbound books, tied in bundles of a 
 nveuient size and ready for the Binders. 
 Here are some of the 106 employes of the Society, 
 that are engaged in various ways in the building. 
 Some are "gathering," from a long table, as they are laid out in 
 consecutive order, the sheets that compose a book. Others are 
 "collating," that is, examining carefully to see that no duplications 
 of sheets have occurred, and that no sheets are missing. Others, 
 again, are arranging the "Picture Cards" in packets, in shape for the 
 mailing department. 
 
 We descend a flight of steps to the floor below, and make a call 
 or two, in passing. Here is the office of the National Baptist, its 
 genial Editor and his assistants generally on duty. 
 
 QUOINS. 
 
A STOUT OF SIX DECADES. Ill 
 
 Passing thence toward the front of the building we enter the 
 rooms of the "Baptist Historical Society," and might linger here 
 for a long time, examining its age-stamped documents and books, its 
 tjld-style engravings, and other objects of interest. In 1853, the 
 Board of the Publication Society suggested the importance of a 
 Historical Department. The final result was a distinct organization, 
 to which the Publication Society furnishes tlie use of the present 
 quarters. Some day, perhaps, brethren with large hearts and 
 abundant means, will endow this Historical Society with a more 
 suitable home for the exceedingly valuable material it has accumu- 
 lated, and enable it to prosecute its laudable mission with efficiency. 
 
 The office of the "Publishing Agent" is our next point of 
 interest. Here Mr. Hiram F. Reed presides, as he has done in this 
 department since 1853, which makes him the oldest, in consecutive 
 years of service, of any of those now engaged with the Society. He 
 could show you a little book, that can be carried in the pocket, which 
 contains all of the orders given to the printers during his first two 
 years of service. Up to ten years later, a single clerk, at a salary of 
 five dollars a week, attended to all of the periodical business, and 
 when his salary was increased to six dollars, thought it time to be 
 married. Now it requires thirteen clerks, at a cost of over $5,000 a 
 year. 
 
 On one side of the room are shelves containing sample copies of 
 all the books published by the Society, with the " Cut Books " to 
 which reference has before been made. One series contains proofs of 
 all the "Wood-cuts and Electrotypes of engravings owned by the 
 Society. 
 
112 
 
 A STORT OF SIX DECADES. 
 
 You would like to test the accuracy of the thorough system so 
 marked here? Well, here is the index. Make a selection, indicating 
 simply the number, and we shall see. You choose E. 9. — 680_ 
 Messenger goes at once to the vault, and five minutes later brings 
 
 SHBBT KOOM. 
 
 a cut. It is that which you selected. You could repeat this all 
 day long with certainty of correctness. 
 
 You look inquiringly into the adjoining room, with its long rows 
 of closet doors, and the drawers below them. There are 84 of the 
 latter, mostly occupied with wood engravings, which have to be 
 kept in a perfectly dry place. There are some 3,500 blocks in all. 
 Of course they would burn up, in case of fire ; but there are 
 duplicates in Electroplate, in the vaults, which are held as 
 
A STOET OF SIX DECADES. 
 
 113 
 
 "originals." The wood cuts are arranged in the same manner 
 as are the Electrotypes, so that any one wanted can readily be 
 found. 
 
 But to the closets you inquire about. We find them to be 
 thirteen tall cases, each one divided into small "pigeon holes," 
 and each one containing a stock of an 
 engraving used in some book that is pub- 
 lished by the Society. On the fifth floor 
 there are six similar closets, and the whole 
 of them afford space for 1,600 engravings. 
 The spaces are all labeled, and the engrav- 
 ings for each book are in a line by them- 
 selves. 
 
 Passing now to the rear portion of this 
 floor, we enter another "Sheet Room," 
 large, well-lighted, and full of the hum 
 of active industry. Overhead are steam- 
 pulleys, spinning around in a lively way. 
 Almost as thick as bees in a hive, are 
 women and girls with busy fingers fold- 
 ing the sheets of paper into book-forms. 
 Against the wall is a "standing-press," 
 well braced, in which certain of the peri- 
 odicals and books have to be pressed before the edges can be 
 trimmed. 
 
 Yonder is a " Stabbing Machine " for small books of 48 pages, or 
 over, which cannot be punctured by an ordinary needle, in the pro- 
 
 IMPROVED STANDING PRESS. 
 
114 
 
 A ST our OF SIX DECADES. 
 
 cess of stitching the sheets together before the cover is pasted 
 on. Here, at one end of the room, are three ponderous Cutting 
 Machines, whose crash and clatter fill the room. A gauge is 
 set; handfuls of books are adjusted nicely and quickly; a wheel is 
 set in motion which binds them iirmly in position; a lever is moved. 
 
 BROWN AND CARVEK CUTTING MACHINE. 
 
 and down comes the sharp knife, stopping automatically at the bot- 
 tom, and springing back to its first position, revealing the smooth cut 
 edges of the books in the grasp of the machine. Twenty thousand of 
 either of the Quarterlies can be trimmed by one man in a single day. 
 

 2; 
 P 
 
 
 
116 A STORY OF SIX DECADES. 
 
 At the opposite end of the room is another machine, larger, not 
 so noisy, but going through sundry motions. Our engraving will 
 give a very good idea of it, though the one we are examining has no 
 side attachment, as shown in the picture. It is a "Folding Ma- 
 chine." It is occupied in folding the "Young Reaper" and the 
 " Sunlight." Four copies of the paper are printed on a sheet. In 
 order to secure a perfect " register," that is, to have each page in an 
 exactly corresponding space with its opposite, small " guide holes " 
 are punctured in its first impression, by which the sheet is guided at 
 its second impression, when the sheet is " backed." These " point 
 holes " form the guide on the Folding Machine, aud secure accuracy 
 in the folding. 
 
 A long blade with serrated edges, attached to movable arms, 
 descends upon the sheet, sending it through a slot in the upper bed, 
 thus folding it once ; thence it is caught by rollers, and carried to a 
 second level ; thence, by another movement, to a third level ; and 
 then to a fourth; each making one fold, and sending the sheet 
 lower, until finally it is deposited in a box, open at one end, from 
 which the sheets are removed at convenience. It works with great 
 ease, and, in expert hands, can fold over 20,000 copies a day. 
 
 Where a sheet is folded into two leaves, or four pages, without 
 reference to its size, it is called a "folio"; if into four leaves, or 
 eight pages, it is called a " quarto " (or 4 to) ; if sixteen pages, an 
 "octavo" (or 8 vo); twenty-four pages, a "duodecimo" (or 12 mo). 
 In making up the forms, the pages are so arranged that they will 
 follow each other consecutively when the sheet is properly folded. 
 The first page of every sheet has a " signature," sometimes a letter. 
 
A STOUT OF SIX DECADES. 
 
 117 
 
 and sometimes a figure, by which its appropriate place is readily 
 noted as the sheets are " gathered " into a book. As we pass out of 
 this room, we think of the work there is involved from so many 
 hands, and the painstaking that is necessary, in the production of a 
 single volume, and may, perhaps, decide that we shall not hereafter 
 judge too harshly if, perchance, we find in the books we read some 
 trifling typographical error. 
 
 SBCRBTAEIES' BOOM. 
 
 We now pass down the rear stairway, to the second floor, and 
 come at once to the " Assembly Room," a large hall, 33x57 feet in 
 size, and 16 feet high in the clear. The ceiling is paneled and neatly 
 frescoed. The wood work is in hard woods. On the walls are por- 
 traits in oil of the Rev. Francis Wayland, D. D., Henry Holcombe, 
 D. D. ; Mr. John P. Crozer, and Mr. William Phelps, and some pho- 
 tographic views in Italy. Along one side are shelves containing a 
 
118 
 
 A STORY OF SIX DECADES. 
 
 Library, enclosed by glass doors. At one end, a glass case containing 
 some curiosities from foreign heathen lands. A platform and nu- 
 merous chairs completes the furnishing. The room is used for the 
 Ministers' Conference, for the meetings of the Baptist Social Union, 
 and for other purposes of a like character. The light is obtained 
 from Sansom Street at one end, and from a light shaft at the other. 
 
 BOABD BOOM. 
 
 Next, is Number 11, the room occupied by the Secretaries. Here 
 Dr. Griffith comes every day for a quiet conference with those in 
 charge of various departments. A stenographer and type-writer 
 finds constant occupation here. 
 
 The adjoining apartment, separated by folding doors, is the 
 " Board Room," where the Board, and Committees of the Society, 
 
A STORY OF SIX DEOADES. 119 
 
 hold their meetings. The Editorial Library, and the desk of the 
 Assistant Editor, Rev. Dr. Anderson, are in this room. 
 
 Here, not improperly, we close our "Story of Six Decades." 
 Through patient effort, self-denial, and the steady pursuit of a deter- 
 mined purpose, there shall some day be finished the foundations and 
 pedestal for the colossal figure by which France shall enrich New 
 York Harbor. When the structure is completed, men will point to 
 it, with grateful pride, as an emblem of the fraternity of nations, and 
 of-the liberty that enlightens the world. 
 
 So, when those who in tears and agony; in self-denial that 
 touched the inmost springs of life; in patient and never flagging 
 zeal ; in faith that fully accepted the promises of God — when those 
 who so surely and faithfully laid the foundations of the Baptist Pub- 
 lication Society, and others who, by their munificence, helped to rear 
 the grand superstructure, shall have passed to their eternal reward — 
 far into the ages shall continue to stream the blessed light of God's 
 glorious truth, its radiance gleaming in our own and foreign lands, 
 and guiding wandering souls from the darkness of sin to the life and 
 liberty found alone through our Lord Jesus Christ. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
CONSTITUTION 
 
 OF THE 
 
 AMERICAN BAPTIST PUBLICATION SOCIETY. 
 
 NAME. 
 
 _ Abticlk I. The name of this Society shall be the "American Baptist 
 
 PUBLICATIOK SOCIKTT." 
 
 OBJECT. 
 
 Art. II. The object of this Society shall be to promote evangelical religion 
 by means of the Bible, the Printing Press, Colportage, and the Sunday-school. 
 
 MEMBERSHIP. 
 
 Art. III. This Society shall be composed of Annual Members, Life Mem- 
 bers, and Honorary Life Managers. Any person may become a member of this 
 Society by paying annually the sum of five dollars; or any Regular Baptist 
 Church, or Auxiliary Society, may appoint a member by the annual contribution 
 of fi:ve dollars, and an additional member for each additional twenty dollars. 
 Twenty dollars, paid in sums of not less than five dollars, shall be requisite to 
 constitute a member for life ; and fifty dollars paid at one time, or a sum which, 
 in addition to any previous contribution, shall amount to fifty dollars, shall be 
 requisite to constitute a manager for life. 
 
 OFFICERS. 
 
 Art. IV. The officers of this Society shall be a President, four Vice-Presi- 
 dents, Secretary, Recording Secretary, Treasurer, and twenty-five Managers, who 
 shall be elected annually by ballot, who together shall constitute a Board of 
 
 Managers, one-half of whom may be ministers of the gospel. 
 
 123 
 
124 APPENDIX. 
 
 BOARD OF MANAGERS. 
 Art. V. The Board of Managers shall have power to appoint its own meet- 
 ings ; elect its own Chairman and Secretary ; appoint an Editor or Editors ; 
 Standing and Special Committees; also, its Agents and Colporteurs; fill any 
 vacancy which may occur in its own body, or in the office of Secretary or 
 Treasurer ; enact its own by-laws. Provided, always, they conform to this Con- 
 stitution ; assign the duties of the Secretary ; superintend all publications of the 
 Society ; establish depositories ; aid in the formation of Auxiliary Societies, and 
 define their relations ; and, in general, to watch over the interests, and transact 
 the business of the Society. Pive members shall constitute a quorum. The 
 Board shall make an annual report to the Society. 
 
 TREASURER. 
 
 Art. VI. The Treasurer shall give bonds to such an amount as the Board 
 may appoint; shall be under the direction of the Board; and shall make an 
 annual report to the Society. 
 
 MEETINGS. 
 
 Art. VII. The Society shall meet annually, at such time and place as tb« 
 Board of Managers may appoint. Special meetings of the Society may be called 
 by the President or Secretary, upon application of the Board of Managers. 
 
 ELIGIBILITY TO APPOINTMENT. 
 Art. VIII. All the Officers, Managers, Agents, and Colporteurs of the 
 Society shall be members in good standing in Eegular Baptist Churches. 
 
 ALTERATIONS OP THE CONSTITUTION. 
 
 Art. IX. Alterations of this Constitution, proposed at a previous Annual 
 Meeting, or recommended by the Board of Managers, may be made at the annual 
 meeting, by a vote of two-thirds of the members present. 
 
OFFICERS AND EDITORS. 
 
 PRESIDENTS. 
 
 Obadiah B. Brown, D. D 1824-26 
 
 John L. Dagg, d. d 1827 
 
 Elisha Oushman, D. D 1828-29 
 
 Wm. T. Brantly, D. D 1830-37 
 
 Geo. B. Ide, d.d 1838^1 
 
 Eufus Babcock, Jr., d.d 1842-43 
 
 Joseph H. Kennard, d.d 1844r-54 
 
 Hon. Mason Brayman 1855-56 
 
 Hon. James H. Duncan 1857-60 
 
 ■William Phelps 1861-71 
 
 Sansom Talbot, d. d 1872 
 
 Hon. James L. Howard 1873-77 
 
 Samuel A. Crozer 1878 
 
 George T. Hope 1879-81 
 
 B. L. Hedstrom 1882 
 
 John H. Deane 1883-84 
 
 VICE-PRESIDENTS. 
 
 Adams, Seymour "W., d.d 1861-64 
 
 Alderson, L. A 1864 
 
 Anderson, Martin B., LL. D 1854 
 
 Armitage, Thomas, D. D 1860-61 
 
 Babcock, Eufus, Jr., d.d 1840-41 
 
 Baily, A. S 1840^4 
 
 Bailey, Silas, d.d 1856-65 
 
 Baker, Hon. A. L 1856,1858-60 
 
 Barton, David K 1848-54 
 
 Batcheller, J 1851-54 
 
 Beebee, Alexander M., ll. d 1843 
 
 Bellows, A. J., M. D 1853, 1854, 1856-59 
 
 Benedict, D., d.d 1861 
 
 Bleeoker, Garret N....! 1851-53 
 
 Boardman, George D., D. D 1864-65 
 
 Boone, Levi D 1859-60 
 
 Booth, John 1840-44 
 
 Brantly, Wm. T., d.d 1827-29 
 
 Brown, Joseph E 1883-84 
 
 Bryce, John 1824 
 
 Buck, "Wm. C, D.D 1840-43 
 
 Caswell, Alexis, d. d 1856-65 
 
 Charlton, Rev. Frederick 1856-58 
 
 Cheney, David B., d.d 1859-65 
 
 Clarke, Miner G., d.d 1857-60 
 
 Colver, Nathaniel, D. D 1860 
 
 Colby, Hon. Anthony 1856-61 
 
 Conant, John A 1840-44 
 
 Cornelius, Kev. Samuel 1825-26 
 
 Cornell, Thomas 1875-77 
 
 125 
 
126 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Corwin, E. G 1853-54 
 
 Crane, Jas. C 1840 
 
 Crane, "Wm 184(M4, 1852-54, 1864-65 
 
 Creswell, Samuel J., d.d.1850-54, 1858-65 
 
 Croskey, Henry 1862-65 
 
 Crowell, Wm., d.d. 1861 
 
 Crozer, John P 1851-65 
 
 Crozer, Samuel A 1866-77, 1879-84 
 
 Cummings, E. E., D. D 1850 
 
 Cuthbert, James H., d. d 1860 
 
 Dagg, John L., D. D 1830-36, 1840-43 
 
 Davies, J. M 1859-65 
 
 Davis, Hon. Isaac 1840-49, 1857-65 
 
 Davis, S 1862-65 
 
 Davis, George E 1865, 1876-78 
 
 ■Davis, Mial 1878-74 
 
 Day, Albert 1850-54 
 
 Day, LarkinB 1878 
 
 Deane, John H 1882 
 
 Doane, W. Howard 1879 
 
 Dowling, John, D. D 1852-54 
 
 Draper, L. C 1861-65 
 
 Duncan, Hon. James H 1850-56 
 
 Dunlevy, A. H 1856-60 
 
 Eddy, Daniel C, d.d 1860-61 
 
 Eddy, Herman J., D. D 1861 
 
 Edwards, Benjamin E 1840-41 
 
 Ellyson, Hon. Henry K 1882 
 
 Everts, 'William "W., D. D 1860-68 
 
 Ewart, Hon. Thomas W 1855-61 
 
 Pleischmann, Eev. Konrad A.. ..1859-61 
 
 Fletcher, Hon. Kyland 1859-65 
 
 Ford, J. M 1859-60 
 
 Foster, Thomas S 1853-54 
 
 Frost, James M ...1844 
 
 Gardiner, Eichard, M. D 1856-60 
 
 Gillette, A. D., d. d 1852-54, 1861 
 
 Gillmore, Hon. Joseph A ...1864-65 
 
 Gillpatrick, J 1860 
 
 Goodman, Edward 1880-84 
 
 Going, Jonathan, D. D 1840-44 
 
 Greene, Prof. Samuel S 1869 
 
 Green, T. P 1841 
 
 Greenough, B 1840-44 
 
 Gregory, John M., ll. d 1873-74 
 
 Griggs, J. W 1864-65 
 
 Hague, Wm., D. D 1851-54 
 
 Harris, Hon. Ira 1854 
 
 Harris, S. J 1862-63 
 
 Harrison, John C, D. D. 1842, 1859 
 
 Hart, H. B 1862-65 
 
 Haskell, Samuel, D. D 1856^65 
 
 Hedstrom, E. L 1880-81 
 
 Heck, J. M 1875 
 
 Hinckley, F. E 1875-77 
 
 Holden, Charles N 1869 
 
 Hope, George T 1878 
 
 Howard, Hon. Jas. L 1872 
 
 Humphrey, Friend 1853 
 
 Ide, Geo. B., d. d 1850-54, 1858-60 
 
 Jayne, David, m. d 1854 
 
 Jewell, Wilson, M. D 1859-60 
 
 Johnson, George J., D. D 1856-64 
 
 Jones, Wm. G 1840-42 
 
 Jones, E. D 1870-72 
 
 Keen, William W 1856-58, 1859-65 
 
 Kenipton, George, D. D 1854 
 
 Kendrick, S. N 1850-54 
 
 Kennard, Jos. H., i). D. .1837-43, 1855-65 
 King, E. D 1844 
 
 La Coste, A. P 1840-44 
 
 Lee, Franklin 1854, 1859-60 
 
 Lemen, Jas 1842 
 
 Lincoln, Heman, D. D 1860 
 
 Linnard, Hon. James M. 1850-54, 1856-61 
 Loxley, Eev. Benjamin E 1857-60 
 
 McDaniel, Jas 1840-44 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 127 
 
 MoKean, Kev. John A 1860-65 
 
 McPherson, "William M 1863-54 
 
 Malcom, Howard, d. d 1851-54 
 
 Malcom, Bev. Thos. S 1853, 1857-60 
 
 Marshall, J. H 1840-45 
 
 Mason, J. M 1841 
 
 Merrill, J. Warren 1866-71, 1878-81 
 
 Miter, M 1856-57 
 
 Morgan, Ebenezer 1883-84 
 
 Murdock, Jas. N., d. D 1856-61 
 
 Orr, David 1840 
 
 Owen, Ezra D 1843-44 
 
 Pattison, Eobert E., d. D 1840 
 
 Peck, JohnM., d. d 1848-54 
 
 Peddie, John, d. d 1879 
 
 Perkins, J. C 1842-44 
 
 Perkins, Aaron, d. d 1861-63 
 
 Pettit, William V 1860-61 
 
 Phelps, Wm 1856-60 
 
 Phelps, Sylvanus D., d. d 1859-65 
 
 Pratt, J. C 1852-54 
 
 Quincey, Josiah 1840-44 
 
 Randall, Jas 1872-74 
 
 Rhees, Morgan J., D. D 1843-44 
 
 Rider, Hiram 1840-43 
 
 Robinson, Ezekiel G-., d. d 1850-52 
 
 Runyan, Hon. Peter P 1843, 1856-61 
 
 Shadrach, Wm., d. d 1844 
 
 Shailer, William H., d. d 1856-61 
 
 Shepherd, J. H 1846-47 
 
 Sherwood, Adiel, n. d. 1843-44 
 
 Simmons, James B., d. d 1861-66 
 
 Smith, J. B 1840-44 
 
 Smith, Eli B., d. d 1856-60 
 
 Stimson, Rev. H. K 1865 
 
 Stow, Baron, d. d 1851-54 
 
 Taylor, Elisha E. L., n. d 1861 
 
 Thomas, Rev. Archibald 1840-44 
 
 Torbit, Rev. A. M 1856-58 
 
 Turpin, Rev. William H 1840-49 
 
 Upham, Jas., d.d 1861 
 
 Wattson, Thos 1845-54, 1857-66 
 
 Wayland, Francis, D. D..1840-44, 1850-54 
 
 Welch, Jas. B., d.d 1840-44, 1860 
 
 Westovei, Rev. J. T 1865 
 
 Willet, Rev. C 1863 
 
 Williams, Wm. R., d. d 1842-44 
 
 Williams, Hon. J. M. S 1857-65' 
 
 Wilson, Jas 1848-50 
 
 Wilson, Franklin, d. d 1866-71 
 
 Wilson, D. M 1856-65 
 
 Winter, Thos., d.d. 1852-54 
 
 Withers, John 1852-54 
 
 Woolsey, Rev. James J 1844 
 
 Wording, J. E 1860 
 
 MANAGERS. 
 
 Abbott, Charles F 1853-84 
 
 Aldrich, Rev. J 1842-43 
 
 Anderson, G. W., d. D...1848-49, 1860-84 
 
 Armitage, Thomas, D. D 1883-84 
 
 Ash ton. Rev. Wm. B 1827-28, 1830-34 
 
 Ashton, Geo. H 1865 
 
 Babcock, Rufus, d.d 1837-39 
 
 Ballentine, Wm 1828-32 
 
 Banes, Charles H 1873-82 
 
 Beebe, G. W 1841 
 
 Beidleman, R. A 1841 
 
 Bennett, E. A 1843 
 
128 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Boardman, G. D., d. d 1866, 1868-74 
 
 Brantly, Wm. T., d.d 1854, 1857-61 
 
 Brower, D 1845-50 
 
 Brown, Daniel 1826 
 
 Brown, Thomas 1829 
 
 Bucknell, William 1841-84 
 
 Bucknell, Wm. Bufus 1870-74 
 
 Burnett, B. S 1850-54 
 
 Burrows, J. L., n. d 1841-54 
 
 Bussier, D. P 1844 
 
 Butcher, Washington 1859, 1868-69 
 
 Callaghan, George 1868-84 
 
 Cassady, P. H 1847-74 
 
 Castle, J. H., d.d 1859-72 
 
 Caswell, Alexis, d. d 1825-26 
 
 Cathcart, W., D.D 1860-83 
 
 Cawood, Daniel 1825-26 
 
 Charlton, Kev. F 1854 
 
 Chase, Ira, d.d 1825 
 
 Cheney, D. B., d.d 1853-58 
 
 Clark, David 1840-41 
 
 Clarke, M. G., d. d 1851-56 
 
 Cone, Jos 1830 
 
 Cooper, Eev. George 1875-80 
 
 Covel, Kev. E 1843 
 
 Creswell, S. J., d.d. ..1842, 1849, 1855-57 
 
 Creswell, SamuelJ 1884 
 
 Croskey, Henry 1866-77 
 
 Crozer, J. P 1851-65 
 
 Crozer, G. K 1866-84 
 
 Crozer, Samuel A 1862-84 
 
 Cushman, Elisha, D. D 1827 
 
 Oushman, Kobert W., d. d 1828-38 
 
 Cuthbert, J. H., D.D 1855-59 
 
 Dagg, J. L., D.D 1828-29 
 
 Day, Kev. Henry, d.d 1855-59 
 
 Davis, John 1827-45 
 
 Davis, J. C 1836-55, 1857-65 
 
 Dennis, Eev. William L 1846-48 
 
 Dennisson, B. F 1884 
 
 Diokerson, J. S., d.d 1860 
 
 Dickinson, B. W., D. D...1842, 1844, 1846 
 
 Dodge, J. K 1830-32 
 
 Dodge, Kev. Daniel 1839-44 
 
 Dorman, William 1827 
 
 Dowling, J., D. D 1855 
 
 Bddy, D. C, d.d 1863-64 
 
 Eldridge, Jas. H 1867-69 
 
 Ellis, John 1837 
 
 Everts, Kev. J. B 1842 
 
 Pendall, Kev. B. D 1860 
 
 Tenner, K 1838^0 
 
 Pleischmann, Kev. K. A 1854 
 
 Fletcher, Kev. Leonard 1833-34 
 
 Ford, Isaac 1844-51, 1855-63 
 
 Ford, William 1841 
 
 Foster, T. S 1851-52 
 
 Galusha, Elijah 1845 
 
 Gamble, John K 1846-47 
 
 Gardiner, Kichard, M. D 1839-41 
 
 Garrett, W. B 1835-39 
 
 George, Chas 1844-45 
 
 Gibson, Jos 1824-26 
 
 Gillette, A. D., d. d 1836-51 
 
 Gillette, Kev. P. D 1836 
 
 Gray, Kev. Isaac 1861 
 
 Green, Kev. H. K 1826 
 
 Griffith, B., d.d 1852-56 
 
 Griffith, Eev. T. S 1865 
 
 Griswold, E. W., d.d 1843-45 
 
 Gubelmann, Eev. J. S 1870-84 
 
 Hacker, George 1827 
 
 Hall, Edwin 1866-67 
 
 Hansen, William S 1827-34, 1837-42, 
 
 1853, 1856, 1864 
 Hansen, Wm. F., D.D..1854, 1855, 1862-71 
 
 Harrison, John C, D. D 1845-48 
 
 Hayhurst, Eev. I. W 1840-41 
 
 Hanson, P. S., d.d 1861-82 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 129 
 
 Hewson, John 1827-29 
 
 Higgins, Eev. George.. ..1840-42, 1845-48 
 
 Hillegas, J. K 1830 
 
 Hinman, D. B 1833-37, 1854 
 
 Hires, Eev. W. D 1849 
 
 Hopper, H. S 1884 
 
 Hornberger, L. P., D. D 1871-84 
 
 Hoskinson, T. J 1873-84 
 
 Hoyt, Wayland, D. D 1883-84 
 
 Huggens; Eev. Samuel 1837 
 
 Hutton, Isaac G 1825-26 
 
 Ide, G. B., D. D 1842-49 
 
 Irving, James 1879-84 
 
 James, Israel E 1835-36 
 
 Jarraan, Eeuben 1828-29 
 
 Jayne, David, M. D 1841-49 
 
 Jeffery, E., D. D 1858-60, 1862-65 
 
 Jewell, "Wilson, m. D..1830, 1836, 1838-40, 
 1845-47, 1850-58 
 
 Johnson, Eeuben 1824 
 
 Johnson, James 1825-26 
 
 Jones, Eev. David 1827-38 
 
 Jones, John 1837-41 
 
 Jones, H. G 1860-84 
 
 Keen, Charles B 1878-84 
 
 Keen, W. W 1866-71 
 
 Keen, "W. "W., M. D 1872-83 
 
 Kennard, Jos. H., D. D..1827-28, 1832-36, 
 
 1866 
 
 Kennard, Eev. J. S 1867-71 
 
 Kempton, Geo., D. D 1845-52 
 
 Ketcham, Eev. P. W 1842, 1848 
 
 Keyes, Bev. C. B 1838-40 
 
 Keyser, Chas., d.d 1870-72 
 
 Kitts, Eev. Thos. J 1827-28, 1830-32 
 
 Knowles, Jas. D., D. D 1824-25 
 
 Knowles, L 1838-42 
 
 Lee, Franklin 1836, 1843-44, 1846-53, 
 
 1857-58 
 9 
 
 Lee, George 1841-42 
 
 Levy, E. M., d.d 1850-58 
 
 Levy, John P 1859-67 
 
 Lewis, S. G 1869 
 
 Lincoln, T. O., D. D 1842-44 
 
 Lincoln, Heman, d.d 1850-52 
 
 Lincoln, H. E 1862-63 
 
 Linnard, Jas. M 1836, 1839-43, 1846 
 
 Loud, Philologus... 1829 
 
 Loxley, Eev. Benjamin E 1839 
 
 Lynd, Samuel "W, d.d 1824-26 
 
 MacArthur, Eobt. S., D.D 1883 
 
 Malcom, Howard, d.d 1827, 1850 
 
 Mann, William 1864-66 
 
 Maylin, Jos 1827-33 
 
 Meehan, JohnS 1825-26 
 
 Miles, Eev. George 1 1847-63 
 
 Miller, E. W 1867 
 
 Moss, Lemuel, d. d 1873-74 
 
 Mulford, John 1830-38 
 
 Mulford, H.J 1867-84 
 
 Mustin, John 1850 
 
 McCloud, George 1827 
 
 McKean, Eev. J. A 1849-63, 1866-59 
 
 Myers, Thomas A 1844 
 
 Nugent, George 1861-83 
 
 Outlaw, George 1825 
 
 Patton, W 1859 
 
 Peck, James B 1843 
 
 Peddie, John, d.d 1871-78 
 
 Peltz, G. A., D.D 1867-70 
 
 Pendleton, J. M., d.d 1866-84 
 
 Perry, Eev. G. B 1831-32 
 
 Peters, Rev. J. H 1857-59 
 
 Pettit, "W. V 1852-58 
 
 Randolph, W., d. D..1859-62, 1867, 1869-70 
 
 Eawlings, Thomas 1844-54 
 
 Eeed, Jacob 1886-40, 1844 
 
 Eeed, Enoch S 1843 
 
130 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Reed, G. W 1849 
 
 Reed, Isaac 1833-54 
 
 Rees, Rev. Geo. E 1884 
 
 Remington, Rev. S 1852-53 
 
 Reynolds, Enoch 1824r-25 
 
 Reynolds, Jos 1881-38 
 
 Rice, Rev. Luther. 1826 
 
 Richards, "William H 1828-37 
 
 Rhees, Morgan J., D. D 1831 
 
 Robinson, Rev. Willard H 1884 
 
 Rowland, A. J., D. D 1875-84 
 
 Sage, Rev. A. J 1869 
 
 Saxton, Rev. J. B 1850-51 
 
 Sexton, J. "W 1859-60 
 
 Sexton, Silas W 1827 
 
 Shadrach, Wm., D.D..1838, 1841, 1845-47 
 
 Sheppard, Jos.! 1887 
 
 Sherborne, T. P 1835-38 
 
 Shoemaker, Robert 1857 
 
 Shoemaker, W. M 1875-77 
 
 Simmons, J. B., d. d 1866 
 
 Smith, John H 1829 
 
 Smith, Rev. J. Hyatt 1825, 1860-66 
 
 Smith, J. Wheaton, d. d 1854-81 
 
 Snyder, "W. Frederick 1875-84 
 
 Staughton, William, d. d 1824-26 
 
 Staughton, Jas. M., m. d 1825-26 
 
 Steinmetz, Adam 1856 
 
 Stevens, John S 1878-84 
 
 Stewart, David T 1839 
 
 Stout, J. W 1870-77 
 
 Stow, Baron, d. d 1826 
 
 Swope, George 1835, 1839, 1840-43 
 
 Taylor, Jos 1836 
 
 Taylor, Rev. T. R 1850-53 
 
 Thaw, Joseph 1824 
 
 Thomas, Erasmus, m. d 1827-32 
 
 Thomas, Rev. B. D., d.d 1873-82 
 
 Thomas, Jesse B., D. D 1883-84 
 
 Tolman, Thomas 1858-65 
 
 Trevor, John B 1834-38, 1842> 
 
 Tucker, Levi, d.d 1834-35 
 
 Tucker, Rev. C 1850 
 
 Usticlc, Stephen 1825-26 
 
 Vandervier, J. M 1850 
 
 VanDusen, S. B 1850-60 
 
 Vandyke, W 1838-34, 1837-38 
 
 Wait, Samuel 1825-26 
 
 Walton, J 1848 
 
 Warne, J. A., d.d 1838-89 
 
 Wattson, T 1843-44, 1855-56, 1866-71 
 
 Webb, G. S., d. d 1845-46 
 
 Webster, P 1833-34 
 
 Welch, J. E., D.D 1847-48 
 
 Weston, H. G., d.d 1868-84 
 
 Wheat, Rev. A. C 1855-56 
 
 White, Thomas 1844 
 
 Wilder, Rev. William 1855-68 
 
 Williams, Rev. C. 1843-44 
 
 Wilson, C. A 1845 
 
 Winter, Thomas, d. d 1850-51 
 
 Woolsey, Rev. J. J 1836-37 
 
 Wynn, Isaac C, d. d 1883-84 
 
 GENERAL AGENTS OR SECRETARIES. 
 
 George Wood 1824-26 
 
 Rev. Noah Davis 1827-30 
 
 Rev. Ira M. Allen 1831-38 
 
 Morgan J. Rhees, d.d 1840-42 
 
 JohnM. Peck, d.d 1843-45 
 
 Rev. Thos. S. Malcom 1846-52 
 
 Kendall Brooks, d.d. (_ Associate)... X^i 
 
 Heman Lincoln, d.d 1853 
 
 Wm. Shadrach, d.d 1854-56 
 
 Benjamin Griffith, d.d 1857-84 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 131 
 
 SUNDAY SCHOOL SECRETARY. 
 
 Warren Bandolph, d. d 1871-77. 
 
 MISSIONARY SECRETARY. 
 George J. Johnson, d.d 1878-84. 
 
 BIBLB SECRETARY. 
 C. C. Bitting, D.D 1883-84. 
 
 OFFICE SUNDAY SCHOOL EDITOR. 
 C. R. Blackall, m.d 1883-84. 
 
 BUSINESS AND DEPOSITORIES. 
 O. W. Spratt 1884 
 
 TREASURERS. 
 
 Eev. Luther Kioe 1824-25 
 
 Enoch Reynolds 1826 
 
 Samuel Huggins 1827-36 
 
 Wm. "W. Keen 1837-55 
 
 Charles B. Keen 1856 
 
 James S. Dickerson... 
 "Washington Butcher. . 
 
 "Wm. v. Pettit 
 
 Charles H. Banes 
 
 .1857-59 
 .1860-61 
 .1862-82 
 ..1883-84 
 
 RECORDING- SECRETARIES. 
 
 Isaac Or. Button 1824 
 
 Joseph Thaw 1825-26 
 
 Philologus Loud 1827-28 
 
 Morgan J. Bhees, d.d 1829-30 
 
 Wilson Jewell, m. d 1831-32; 41 
 
 William Ford. 1833-40 
 
 A. P. Drew 1842 
 
 Levi Knowles Jr. 1843-45 
 
 Clement A. Wilson 1846-53 
 
 John Hanna 1854 
 
 Geo. C. Baldwin, d.d 1855-62 
 
 Rev. James Cooper 1863-69, 1878-79 
 
 Horatio Gates Jones 1870-77 
 
 J. Howard Gendell 1880-84 
 
132 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 DEPOSITORY AGENTS. 
 
 John S. Meehan 1824-25 
 
 Baron Stow 1826 
 
 David Clark 1827-28 
 
 B. B. Willis (Assistant Agent) 1836 
 
 Kev. JBenj. K. Loxley 1844-56 
 
 James S. Dickerson 1857-59 
 
 From 1829 to 1843 inclusive, the General Agent or Secretary acted also as 
 Depositary. In 1860 the work of the Depositary vjras again assigned to the Secre- 
 tary, who from that time has continued to discharge the duties. 
 
 DISrRIOT SECRETARIES. 
 
 Eev. Prancis Smith 1864-65 
 
 Kev. Silas Illsley 1864-70 
 
 Eev. Sidney Dyer, ph. d 1864-80 
 
 G. J. Johnson, d. d 1864-76 
 
 Kev. J. W. Stone 1865-68 
 
 Eev. J. N. Sykes 1866 
 
 C. K. Blackall, m. d 1867-69 
 
 Kev. W. 0. Van Meter 1869 
 
 Kev. H. Daniels 1869 
 
 Kev. W. C. Child 1870-72 
 
 Kev. P. G. Thearle 1870-80 
 
 Kufus Babcock, d. d.... 1871-72 
 
 Kev. D. C. Litchfield 1873-74 
 
 Andrew Pollard, d. d 1874-84 
 
 Kev. S. T. Livermore 1874 
 
 Eev. James Waters 1874^76 
 
 Kev. H. K. Stimson 1875 
 
 Jay S. Backus, d. D 1876 
 
 Kev. D. T. Morrill 1876-77 
 
 Kev. Prank Kemington 1879-82 
 
 M. T. Sumner, d.d.... 1879-80 
 
 G. M. Vanderlip 1880-83 
 
 Kev. A. H. Lung 1882-84 
 
 James Lisk, d.d 1883-84 
 
 BRANCH MANAGERS. 
 
 BOSTON. 
 
 Howard Gannett 1870-72 
 
 George H. Springer 1873-84 
 
 NEW YORK. 
 
 U. D.Ward 1869-72 
 
 Charles T. Evans 1873 
 
 George M. Vanderlip 1874-78 
 
 0. E. Blackall, m. d .1879-80 
 
 O. W. Spratt 1881-88 
 
 T. K. Jones 1884 
 
 ST. LOUIS. 
 
 G. J. Johnson, D. d 1869-75 
 
 Lewis E. Kline 1876-84 
 
 CHICAGO. 
 
 C. K. Blackall, m.d 1869-79 
 
 Eev. P. G. Thearle 1880-84 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 133 
 
 EDITORS. 
 
 VOLUME AND TRACT PUBLICATIONS. 
 
 J. Newton Brown, d. d 1850-59 
 
 B. Griffith, d. d 1860-84 
 
 Geo. W. Anderson, d. d. (Acting 
 
 Editor) 1864-84 
 
 NATIONAL BAPTIST. 
 
 Elendall Brooks, d. d 1865-68 
 
 Lemuel Moss, d. d 1868-72 
 
 H. L. Wayland, d.d 1872-82 
 
 BAPTIST OUARTERLY. 
 
 L. E. Smith, D.D 1867-68 
 
 H. G.Weston, d.d 1869-77 
 
 PRIMARY AND INTERMEDIATE HELPS. 
 Mrs. M. G. Kennedy 1875-84 
 
 ADVANCED OUARTERLY. 
 
 C. B. Blackall,M.D 1879-81 
 
 Kev. J. W. "Willraarth 1882-83 
 
 E. G. Taylor, D.D 1884 
 
 SENIOR OUARTERLY. 
 A. J. Kowland, d.d 
 
 .1884 
 
 OUR LITTLE ONES. 
 
 0. K. Blackall, m. d 1873-82 
 
 Miss May F. McKean 1883-84 
 
 YOUNG REAPER. 
 B. Griffith, d.d 1857-84 
 
 SUNLIGHT. 
 B. Griffith, d.d 1882-84 
 
 OUR YOUNG PEOPLE. 
 A. J. Kowland, d.d 1881-84 
 
 HOME CIRCLE. 
 Bev. P. L. Jones 1882-84 
 
 BAPTIST TEACHER. 
 
 George A. Peltz, d.d 1870-72 
 
 Poindexter S. Henson, d.d 1873-84 
 
 BAPTIST SUPERINTENDENT. 
 C. B. Blackall, m. d 
 
 .1884 
 
134 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 TABLE OF RECEIPTS 
 
 Yeak. 
 
 Benevolent. 
 
 Business. 
 
 Total. 
 
 1824-25 
 1835-26 
 
 
 $ 373.80 
 636 53 
 
 soon 
 
 3.158 04 
 5,171.70 
 5 402.19 
 3.043 39 
 4,430 79 
 5.056.41 
 5 888.77 
 
 $ 373.80 
 636 53 
 
 1826-27 
 
 
 800.11 
 
 1827-28 
 
 
 3.158.04 
 
 1828-29 
 1829-30 
 1830-31 
 1831-32 
 1832-33 
 1833-34 
 
 85.06 
 
 134 20 
 
 50 70 
 
 75.55 
 
 156 86 
 
 238 20 
 
 5,256.76 
 5,536.39 
 3 094 09 
 4.506.34 
 5,213.27 
 6.126.97 
 
 10 years. 
 
 740 57 
 
 33,961.73 
 
 34,703.30 
 
 Average. 
 
 74.05 
 
 3,396.17 
 
 3,470.23 
 
 1834-35 
 
 674.70 
 
 5,708.81 
 
 1835-36 
 
 1,56022 
 
 6,774 67 
 
 1836-37 
 
 2,013 83 
 
 7 201.90 
 
 1837-38 
 
 1,130 55 
 
 8,871.96 
 
 1838-39 
 
 1 054 18 
 
 8,169,08 
 
 1839-40 
 
 747.52 
 
 7,505.19 
 
 1840-41 
 
 390 85 
 
 10,405 63 
 
 1841-42 
 
 58 00 
 
 10,781.98 
 
 1842-43 
 
 78.00 
 
 7,26.7.74 
 
 1843-44 
 
 116.47 
 
 11,035.13 
 
 10 years. 
 
 7,824.32 
 
 83,720 09 
 
 Average. 
 
 782.43 
 
 8,372.00 
 
 6,383.51 
 8,334.89 
 9,21573 
 
 10,002.51 
 9223.26 
 8,252.71 
 
 10,796.48 
 
 10 8.S9 98 
 7,343 74 
 
 11,151.60 
 
 91,541.41 
 
 9,154.44 
 
 1844-45 
 
 121.45 
 
 16,86055 
 
 16982 00 
 
 1845-46 
 
 1,149.15 
 
 18.115.96 
 
 19,265.11 
 
 1846-47 
 
 2 138 88 
 
 18.931.90 
 
 21,070 78 
 
 1847-48 
 
 1,763 22 
 
 16 331 54 
 
 18 094.76 
 
 1848-49 
 
 2,500.00 
 
 18,661 01 
 
 21,161.01 
 
 1849-50 
 
 3,113.90 
 
 21,425 85 
 
 24,539.75 
 
 1850-51 
 
 3.096.09 
 
 37.218 09 
 
 40344.18 
 
 1851-52 
 
 2.148.90 
 
 35,904.15 
 
 38,053 05 
 
 1852-53 
 
 3,154.70 
 
 36.661.96 
 
 39 816.66 
 
 1853-54 
 
 4 662 71 
 
 43 24C 93 
 
 47,903.64 
 
 10 years. 
 
 23,84900 
 
 263.381.94 
 
 287,230.94 
 
 Average. 
 
 2,384.90 
 
 26 338.19 
 
 28,723.09 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 136 
 
 DURING SIXTY YEARS. 
 
 Yeae. 
 
 Benevolent. 
 
 Business. 
 
 Total. 
 
 1854-55 
 
 13,135.61 
 
 38,529.64 
 
 51,665 25 
 
 1855-56 
 
 13,879.07 
 
 38,056.01 
 
 51.935.08 
 
 1856-57 
 
 11,278.01 
 
 34,516.83 
 
 45 794.84 
 
 1857-58 
 
 14 072 17 
 
 42,146.21 
 
 56 218.38 
 
 1858-59 
 
 18 887.34 
 
 61,362.42 
 
 80,24976 
 
 1859-60 
 
 16,619 03 
 
 49,937 26 
 
 66,556.29 
 
 1860-61 
 
 15.087.14 
 
 69,695 87 
 
 84.783.01 
 
 1861-62 
 
 13 968.63 
 
 42,279.78 
 
 56,248.41 
 
 1862-63 
 
 15,849.38 
 
 48.339 00 
 
 64,188 38 
 
 1863-64 
 
 31,100.77 
 
 77 373.00 
 
 108,473,77 
 
 10 years. 
 
 163,877.15 
 
 502,236.02 
 
 666,113.17 
 
 Average 
 
 16,387.71 
 
 50.223 60 
 
 66,611.31 
 
 1864-65 
 
 33 734 29 
 
 118.361,39 
 
 152,095.68 
 
 1865-66 
 
 47,778.11 
 
 124 845.12 
 
 172,623.23 
 
 1866-67 
 
 91,852 61 
 
 144,670.59 
 
 236.523.20 
 
 1867-68 
 
 43,302 06 
 
 179.830 98 
 
 223.133.04 
 
 1868-69 
 
 45,076.75 
 
 213,048.64 
 
 258,125.39 
 
 1869-70 
 
 67,284.19 
 
 237,714.91 
 
 304,999.10 
 
 1870-71 
 
 57,709,60 
 
 256,749.08 
 
 314,458 68 
 
 1871-72 
 
 51.114.01 
 
 316,931.44 
 
 368,045.45 
 
 1872-73 
 
 79 770.46 
 
 324,051.36 
 
 403 821 82 
 
 1873-74 
 
 70 899 88 
 
 359,955.05 
 
 430,854.93 
 
 10 years 
 
 588,521.96 
 
 2,276,158 56 
 
 2.864,680 52 
 
 Average. 
 
 58,852.19 
 
 227,615.85 
 
 286,468.05 
 
 1874-75 
 
 62,555.11 
 
 355 148.88 
 
 417,703.99 
 
 1875-76 
 
 62 028.82 
 
 490,364.63 
 
 552.393.45 
 
 1876-77 
 
 55,135.35 
 
 333 831 34 
 
 388,966.69 
 
 1877-78 
 
 40,551.60 
 
 264;058 66 
 
 .304 610,26 
 
 1878-79 
 
 57 040.17 
 
 278,373.48 
 
 335,413.65 
 
 1879-80 
 
 68,293.50 
 
 281,270 96 
 
 349,564.46 
 
 1880-81 
 
 94.317 15 
 
 326,820.58 
 
 421,137.73 
 
 1881-82 
 
 103,784.16 
 
 345,616.43 
 
 449,400 59 
 
 1882-83 
 
 122 246.69 
 
 399,673.07 
 
 521,919.16 
 
 1883-84 
 
 154,662.46 
 
 428,295.12 
 
 582,957.58 
 
 10 years. 
 
 820,614.41 
 
 3,503,453.15 
 
 4,324,067.56 
 
 Average. 
 
 82,061.44 
 
 350,345.31 
 
 432,406.75 
 
136 APPENDIX. 
 
 Table Showing the Distribution of Workers, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 >^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 '3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 03 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 U 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 s 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Jj 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 TEAKS. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 tM 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 s 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 OJ 
 
 
 1 
 
 •g. 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 < 
 
 c3 
 
 <1 
 
 1 
 
 a 
 
 O 
 
 d 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 c 
 
 6 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 n 
 
 1 
 
 ■i 
 
 6 
 
 .a 
 
 o 
 
 .9 
 3 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 C3 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 a 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 a 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 •d 
 
 03 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 184(M1 
 
 
 
 
 1841-42 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1842-43 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1843-44 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1844r49 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1845-46 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 1846^7 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 1847-48 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 1848-49 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1849-50 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1860-51 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 3 
 
 ] 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1851-52 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1852-63 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 1853-54 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 1854.^ 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 2 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 1855-56 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 1856-57 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 1857-58 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 1858-59 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1859-60 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1860-61 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1861-62 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 1862-63 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 1863-64 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 1864-65 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1865-66 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 7 
 
 2 
 
 
 ' 6 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 1866-67 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 1867-68 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 
 10 
 
 1 
 
 
 1868-69 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 
 12 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 14 
 
 3 
 
 
 1869-70 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 10 
 
 4 
 
 
 13 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 13 
 
 1 
 
 
 1870-71 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 1871-72 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 1872-73 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 1873-74 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 1874-75 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 1875-76 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 1876-77 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1877-78 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 1878-79 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 1879-80 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 
 1880-81 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 
 1881-82 
 
 9 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 ) 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 2 
 
 
 1882-88 
 
 16 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 13 
 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 9 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 
 1883-84 
 
 22 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 17 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 19 
 
 1 
 16 
 
 2 
 9 
 
 2 
 16 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 3 
 10 
 
 15 
 
 48 
 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 60 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 87 
 
 2 
 29 
 
 2 
 51 
 
 5 
 24 
 
 4 
 34 
 
 3| 2 
 
 1 
 73 
 
 3 
 
 44 
 
 4 
 33 
 
 6 
 137 
 
 2 
 13 
 
 1 
 
 TOTAI.. 
 
 55 
 
 6 
 
 159 
 
 17 
 
 [33 
 
 _1 
 
 Note. — ^This table includes all the Workers that can be definitely located. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 BY States, each Year, from 1840 to 1884. 
 
 137 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 & 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 £ 
 
 
 
 
 « 
 
 
 
 
 
 a' 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 J< 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ,a 
 
 
 
 
 .s 
 
 
 
 oi 
 
 •n" 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 H 
 
 i>i 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 •a 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 > 
 
 a 
 
 1 
 
 oi 
 
 
 
 ,f 
 
 
 In 
 
 a 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 >, 
 
 cd 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 YEARS. 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 s 
 
 >i 
 
 
 
 s 
 
 'S? 
 
 01 
 
 fi 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 § 
 
 n 
 
 a 
 
 iS 
 
 a 
 
 fl 
 
 a 
 
 i 
 
 ^ 
 
 d 
 
 5 
 
 S 
 
 s? 
 
 
 
 & 
 
 fc 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 fi 
 
 .s 
 
 s- 
 
 
 
 
 fl 
 
 3 
 
 J3 
 
 ri 
 
 > 
 
 S 
 ^ 
 
 » 
 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 f^ 
 
 
 
 M 
 
 ^ 
 
 hi 
 
 -B 
 
 a 
 
 1 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 !z; 
 
 » 
 
 '^ 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 K 
 
 s 
 
 S 
 
 s 
 
 P 
 
 1 
 
 !? 
 
 ^ 
 
 u 
 
 ^ 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 ! 
 
 g 
 
 !z; 
 
 ^ 
 
 to 
 
 § 
 
 e 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 1840-41 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 1841^2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 1842^3 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 1843-44 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 6 
 13 
 
 1844-46 
 1845-46 
 1846-47 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 20 
 
 1847-48 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 1 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 18 
 18 
 
 1848-49 
 1849-60 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 20 
 28 
 36 
 
 1860-61 
 1861-62 
 1862-63 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 
 6 
 11 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 9 
 
 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 39 
 66 
 
 1853-54 
 1864-55 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 
 12 
 15 
 5 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 2 
 4 
 8 
 3 
 5 
 1 
 1 
 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 3 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 1 
 4 
 3 
 2 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 6 
 3 
 3 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 2 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 9 
 5 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 3 
 4 
 3 
 3 
 1 
 2 
 2 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 1 
 1 
 2 
 2 
 1 
 1 
 2 
 2 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 : 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 1 
 2 
 4 
 6 
 4 
 
 1 
 2 
 1 
 2 
 1 
 1 
 11 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 1 
 3 
 2 
 
 7 
 4 
 2 
 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 2 
 2 
 4 
 5 
 4 
 3 
 4 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 2 
 1 
 I 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 4 
 3 
 3 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 9 
 13 
 13 
 
 12 
 12 
 14 
 14 
 10 
 16 
 
 
 61 
 68 
 51 
 45 
 39 
 41 
 34 
 33 
 38 
 37 
 ■58 
 46 
 68 
 64 
 74 
 42 
 61 
 27 
 43 
 34 
 36 
 23 
 20 
 24 
 39 
 69 
 
 1865-56 
 1866-67 
 1867-58 
 1868-59 
 1859-60 
 1860-61 
 1861-62 
 1862-63 
 1863-64 
 1864-65 
 1865-66 
 1866-67 
 1867-68 
 1868-69 
 1869-70 
 1870-71 
 1871-72 
 1872-73 
 1873-74 
 1874-75 
 1875-76 
 1876-77 
 1877-78 
 1878-79 
 1879-80 
 1880-81 
 
 
 •). 
 
 ? 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 ? 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 24 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 126 
 
 1881-82 
 
 1 
 
 •>. 
 
 
 4 
 
 8 
 
 3 
 
 1. 
 
 7 
 
 
 5 
 
 S 
 
 14 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 21 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 172 
 
 1882-83 
 
 
 2 
 
 18 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 128 
 
 11 
 40 
 
 3 
 59 
 
 1 
 22 
 
 5 
 131 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 31 
 
 39 
 
 26 
 49 
 
 1 
 3 
 
 15 
 
 12 
 107 
 
 4 
 
 27 
 
 2 
 69 
 
 2 
 
 23 
 
 1 
 3 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 125 
 
 2 
 
 180 
 
 1883-84 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 1931 
 
 
 The total number as given in the Summary, on page 133, is 2,132. 
 
138 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 ISSUES 
 
 DURING SIXTY 
 
 YEARS. 
 
 
 . i 
 
 <6 i 
 
 
 
 u 
 
 6 i 
 
 
 
 %a 
 
 m^ 
 
 B 
 
 
 if; .2 
 
 ^ » 
 
 a 
 
 
 ^S 
 
 
 ■ s . 
 
 
 1^^ 
 
 •s 1 
 
 S . 
 
 tl 
 
 -o^ 
 
 II 'S 
 
 
 i 
 
 •s^ 
 
 •1 1 '2 
 
 ■3 a 
 
 
 « 3 
 
 
 
 
 ^ a 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^^ 
 
 ^■"" 
 
 = £ 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^^ 
 
 = -c g 
 
 o & 
 
 1834r-25 
 
 19 
 
 
 1,392,000 
 
 1854-55 
 
 44 
 
 10,000 
 
 33,669,000 
 
 1835-36 
 
 .5 
 
 
 960,000 
 
 1855-56 
 
 27 
 
 
 18,478,393 
 
 1826-37 
 
 15 
 
 12,000 
 
 1,760,000 
 
 1856-57 
 
 38 
 
 50,000 
 
 35,038,000 
 
 1827-28 
 
 i 
 
 13,000 
 
 6,748,000 
 
 1857-58 
 
 48 
 
 740,000 
 
 65,362,000 
 
 1828-29 
 
 19 
 
 12,000 
 
 12,936,000 
 
 1858-59 
 
 33 
 
 788,000 
 
 54,976,300 
 
 1829-30 
 
 26 
 
 13,000 
 
 10,638,000 
 
 1859-60 
 
 53 
 
 1,154,200 
 
 73,126,900 
 
 1830-31 
 
 16 
 
 13,000 
 
 5,610,000 
 
 1860-61 
 
 43 
 
 1,192,000 
 
 75,038,668 
 
 1831-32 
 
 14 
 
 18,000 
 
 13,036,320 
 
 1861-63 
 
 41 
 
 1,065,000 
 
 42,088,000 
 
 J 832-33 
 
 7 
 
 18,000 
 
 3,324,000 
 
 1862-63 
 
 42 
 
 1,174,500 
 
 58,765,470 
 
 1833-34 
 
 10 
 
 18,000 
 
 7,595,000 
 
 1863-64 
 
 86 
 
 1,327,500 
 
 68,416,375 
 
 Total. 
 
 135 
 
 114,000 
 
 63,999,330 
 
 Total. 
 
 454 
 
 7,401,200 
 
 503,859,006 
 
 Average. 
 
 13 
 
 11,400 
 
 6.399,932 
 
 Average. 
 
 45 
 
 740,130 
 
 50,385.900 
 
 1834-35 
 
 7 
 
 23,300 
 
 11,354,872 
 
 1864-65 
 
 27 
 
 1,447,000 
 
 99,997,150 
 
 1835-36 
 
 16 
 
 20,000 
 
 15,120,000 
 
 1865-66 
 
 58 
 
 1,888,9.50 
 
 120,936,417 
 
 1836-37 
 
 9 
 
 19,800 
 
 14,237,800 
 
 1866-67 
 
 33 
 
 2,.517,200 
 
 171,037,450 
 
 1837-38 
 
 3 
 
 40,000 
 
 8,237,640 
 
 1867-68 
 
 61 
 
 2,979,536 
 
 212,320,886 
 
 1838-39 
 
 1 
 
 44,000 
 
 8,037,948 
 
 1868-69 
 
 49 
 
 3,319,132 
 
 222,845,030 
 
 1839-40 
 
 6 
 
 46,800 
 
 7,.517.804 
 
 1869-70 
 
 36 
 
 4,309,328 
 
 264,772,602 
 
 1840-41 
 
 6 
 
 161,200 
 
 15,854,308 
 
 1870-71 
 
 19 
 
 5,413,669 
 
 269,921,429 
 
 1841-43 
 
 12 
 
 171,600 
 
 16,439.912 
 
 1871-72 
 
 15 
 
 6,591,464 
 
 369,131,076 
 
 1842-43 
 
 5 
 
 156,000 
 
 12,841,360 
 
 1872-73 
 
 48 
 
 6,861,786 
 
 .331,133,434 
 
 1843-44 
 
 7 
 
 130,000 
 
 13,457,536 
 
 1873-74 
 
 35 
 
 7,808,418 
 
 330,813,.542 
 
 Total. 
 
 72 
 
 811,600 
 
 133,089,070 
 
 Total. 
 
 381 
 
 43,136,483 
 
 2,392,898,606 
 
 Average. 
 
 7 
 
 81,160 
 
 12,208,907 
 
 Average. 
 
 38 
 
 4,313,648 
 
 239,289,860 
 
 1844-45 
 
 14 
 
 130,000 
 
 24,26t,113 
 
 1874-75 
 
 21 
 
 9,359,911 
 
 334,864,756 
 
 184.5-46 
 
 17 
 
 7,000 
 
 18,628,482 
 
 1875-76 
 
 18 
 
 10,144,176 
 
 332,246,628 
 
 1846-47 
 
 5 
 
 17,500 
 
 9,577,000 
 
 1876-77 
 
 21 
 
 9,689,.S63 
 
 329,116,,586 
 
 1847-48 
 
 5 
 
 30,000 
 
 19,630,000 
 
 1877-78 
 
 22 
 
 9,501,880 
 
 305,737,345 
 
 1848-49 
 
 8 
 
 20,000 
 
 10,793,500 
 
 1878-79 
 
 7 
 
 20,631,368 
 
 332,,598,004 
 
 1849-50 
 
 19 
 
 20,000 
 
 10,384,000 
 
 1879-80 
 
 41 
 
 30,4.57,874 
 
 364,635,025 
 
 1850-51 
 
 22 
 
 30,000 
 
 26,178,200 
 
 1880-81 
 
 •Ai 
 
 20,817,026 
 
 509,120,748 
 
 1851-52 
 
 43 
 
 32,400 
 
 17,884,400 
 
 1881-82 
 
 29 
 
 24,297,462 
 
 589,589,446 
 
 1852-53 
 
 79 
 
 26,000 
 
 39,274,000 
 
 1882-83 
 
 44 
 
 35,690,683 
 
 659,503,199 
 
 ,1853-54 
 
 53 
 
 20,000 
 
 45,097,000 
 
 1883-84 
 
 34 
 
 34,319,468 
 
 687,6'.)5,903 
 
 Total. 
 
 365 
 
 312,900 
 
 321,710,695 
 
 Total. 
 
 271 
 
 174,809,209 
 
 4,335,106,539 
 
 Average, 
 
 26 
 
 31,290 
 
 22,171,069 
 
 Average. 
 
 27 
 
 17,480,930 
 
 433,510,6.53' 
 
APPENDIX. 139 
 
 SUMMARY FOR SIXTY YEARS. 
 
 Number of Missionaries of Various Classes 2,132 
 
 Days of Service 371,000 
 
 Miles Traveled 4,429,029 
 
 Books Sold 851^879 
 
 Books Given Away 112,421 
 
 Pages of Tracts Distributed 12,336,961 
 
 Sermons and Addresses Delivered 687,484 
 
 Prayer Meetings Held 68,042 
 
 Families Visited 862,389 
 
 Persons Baptized 16,441 
 
 Churches Constituted 615 
 
 Sunday-schools Organized 5,931 
 
 Institutes, etc.. Held and Addressed 7,043 
 
 Sunday-schools Aided by Donations 10,996 
 
 Pastors and Ministerial Students Aided with Grants for 
 
 their Libraries 4,318 
 
 The number of Missionaries stated above is greater than that in the itemized 
 Table given on pages 136 and 137. The discrepancy is caused by the fact that in 
 the early years an exact record as to the distribution of workers was not kept. 
 The Tables show the facts so far as they could be obtained in detail. 
 
140 APPENDIX. 
 
 CONDITIONAL FUNDS. 
 
 William Hawkins Fund $31,000.00 
 
 Mrs. Gray Pacific Coast Fund 20,000.00 
 
 J. V. Ambler Memorial Fund 11,000.00 
 
 Joel S. Barnes Fund 4,000.00 
 
 Benjamin Barber Fund 100.00 
 
 Mrs. S. J. Johnson Fund 100.00 
 
 Amy A. Sheaff Fund 800.00 
 
 Oeorge Sleeper Memorial Fund 10,000.00 
 
 Grace Fiske Fund 500.00 
 
 Abbie Fiske Fund : 500.00 
 
 J. W. Danenhower Fund 1,000.00 
 
 Benjamin and Lucinda Bonney Fund 5,000.00 
 
 Mrs. M. A. Bhlers Fund 1,000.00 
 
 L. J. Hanchette Fund 1,000.00 
 
 Emily Peaslee Fund 1,200.00 
 
 Tower W. Craine Fund 1,000.00 
 
 Mrs. M. A. Craine Fund 1,000.00 
 
 W. S. Pomeroy Fund 1,000.00 
 
 Ehoda Darling Fund 3,000.00 
 
 S. Simpson Fund 2,000.00 
 
 Mrs. Jane K. Hatch Fund 1,000.00 
 
 Garrett Clawson Fund 1,000.00 
 
 Hannah G. Quick Fund 200.00 
 
 E. A. Eliza Dickinson Fund 500.00 
 
 Susan Blackman Fund 200.00 
 
 Andrew Dodge Fund 1,200.00 
 
 Mrs. Jane Wood Fund 3,000.00 
 
 John P. Wassell Fund 2,000.00 
 
 Maggie Morford Fund 500.00 
 
 Margaret Van Vleet Fund 200.00 
 
 Charles H. Nichols Fund 3,000.00 
 
 Merriman Book Fund 1,600.00 
 
 M. B. Gray Fund 15,000.00 
 
 Harriet L. Fisher Fund 1,000.00 
 
 Barrows Memorial Fund 200.00 
 
 J. L. Allen Fund 5,000.00 
 
 Total $130,800.00 
 
APPENDIX. 141 
 
 INVESTED PERMANENT FUNDS. 
 
 Crozer Sunday-school Library Fund $ 11,000.00 
 
 Por Libraries, and other Helps to Sunday-schools. 
 
 Crozer Ministers' Library Fund 10,000.00 
 
 For Grants of Libraries to Baptist Pastors. 
 
 John P. Crozer Memorial Fund 50,000.00 
 
 For Grants of Libraries to Colored Sunday-schools; Colored 
 Ministers ; Colored Students. 
 
 Harriet M. Bucknell Memorial Fund 10,000.00 
 
 For Grants to Kew Sunday-schools, each school aided to pur- 
 chase at least $10.00 additional. 
 
 Ministers' Library Fund 3,000.00 
 
 For Grants of Libraries to Baptist Ministers. 
 
 Samuel Patton Colporteur Fund 2,000.00 
 
 For Support of Colporteurs. 
 
 Eichard Fletcher Colporteur Fund 5,500.00 
 
 For Support of Colporteurs. 
 
 Benjamin Pilie, Jr., Colporteur Fund 4,000.00 
 
 For Support of Colporteurs. 
 
 William Jacobs Church Fund 1,000.00 
 
 For Grants to Churches and Congregations. 
 
 Isaac Davis Fund 3,000.00 
 
 For Grants of Tracts, etc., to Baptist Ministers. 
 
 Mary T. Taylor Tract Fund 250.00 
 
 For Grants of Tracts. 
 
 Mary G. Barney Memorial Fund 2,500.00 
 
 For Grants of the Society's Publications. 
 
142 APPENDIX. 
 
 Permanent Bible Fund 10,000.050 
 
 For Free Distribution of the Scriptures. 
 
 General Tract Fund 1,000.00 
 
 For Grants of Tracts and Books. 
 
 George J. Sherman Colporteur Fund 600.00 
 
 For Support of Colporteurs. 
 
 Gardner Chilson Book and Tract Fund 40,000.00 
 
 For Grants of Books and Tracts. 
 
 Maryland Missionary Fund 1,000.00 
 
 For Missionary Work in the Siate of Maryland. 
 
 Elizabeth A. Lyon Fund 600.00 
 
 For Grants of Sunday-school Lesson Helps. 
 
 William Bucknell Centennial Fund 50,000.00 
 
 For Grants of Bibles, Testaments, and other Publications. 
 
 Vincent Church Fund 76.28 
 
 For Books and Tracts to the Vincent, Pa., Baptist Church. 
 
 Keligious Newspaper Fund 400.00 
 
 For Keligious Newspapers to Baptist Ministers. 
 
 May T. Kandall Memorial Fund 25.00 
 
 For Grants of Testaments to Destitute Sunday-schools. 
 
 Jonathan Davis Colporteur Fund 2,300.00 
 
 For Support of Colporteurs. 
 
 Theron Fiske Colporteur Fund 2,500.00 
 
 For Support of Colporteurs. 
 
 Ten Thousand Dollar Fund 10,000.00 
 
 For Grants of the Society's Publications. 
 
 Total $230,701.28 
 
APPENDIX. 143 
 
 FORM OF AGREEMENT. 
 
 CONDITIONAL DONATIONS. 
 
 ■Whereas, of. 
 
 ■ ■ and State of. , desires 
 
 to give to the American Baptist Publication Society, the sum of. 
 
 in consideration of which, the said Society agrees to pay interest thereon for 
 
 natural life 
 
 at the rate of. per cent., payable semi-annually, on the first days of 
 
 Now, THIS Agkeement WITNESSETH: That the said 
 
 hereby agrees to give to the American Baptist 
 
 Publication Society the sum of. and the 
 
 American Baptist Publication Society hereby agrees, 
 
 First: To faithfully appropriate the money so paid them by said 
 
 to the proper work of the Society. 
 
 Secondly : To pay to said semi-annually, 
 
 on the first days of for, and during the term of 
 
 natural life, 
 
 a sura equivalent to the interest upon the donation, at the rate of a year. 
 
 And as this provision is made for the sole benefit of. 
 
 , personally, it is understood and agreed that all 
 
 such payments of interest shall cease upon death, and that any such sums 
 
 as shall have already accrued, due to the said 
 
 , but remain in the Society's treasury, uncalled for by 
 
 shall then revert and belong to said Society. 
 
 In Witness whereof, the said has 
 
 hereunto set hand and seal, and the said Society has caused their Corporate 
 
 Seal to be hereunto affixed. And this agreement, signed by the Chairman of the 
 
 Board, and the Secretary, this day of. 
 
 , in the year of our Lord, One Thousand Eight Hundred 
 
 and 
 
 In the presence op 
 
 
144 APPENDIX. 
 
 FORMS-LEGACIES AND BEQUESTS. 
 
 FORM OF LEGACY. 
 
 "I give and bequeath to the American Baptist Publication Society, located in 
 
 the city of Philadelphia, the sum of 
 
 dollars, to be appropriated to the purposes of said Society, under the direction 
 of the Board of Managers." 
 
 FORM OF BEQUEST OF LANDS, HOUSES, Etc. 
 
 "I also give, bequeath, and devise to the American Baptist Publication 
 Society, located in the city of Philadelphia, one certain lot of land, with the 
 buildings thereon standing (here describe the premises with exactness), to be held 
 and possessed by said Society, their successors and assigns forever, for the purposes 
 specified in the Act of Incorporation." 
 
 ATTESTATION OF "WILLS. 
 
 The 'Will should be attested by three witnesses [in some States three are 
 required — in other States only two], who should write against their names 
 their places of residence [if in cities, their street and number]. The following 
 form of attestation will answer for every State in the Union: "Signed, sealed, 
 published, and declared by the said [A. B.] as his last Will and Testament, in 
 the presence of us, who, at the request of the said [A. B.] and "in his presence, 
 and in the presence of each other, have hereunto subscribed our names as 
 witnesses." In some States, it is required that the Will should be made at least 
 two months before the death of the testator. 
 
Slxt)EC7IDES