PRINCETON UNIVERSITY LIBRARY PRINCETON UNIVERSITY LIBRARY JUNE 29, 1916 fyxmll Uttiwjsiitg I THE GIFT OF ...LlmAiOiJaLta- iji^iiayuu^ l\.ZiMmH-$. ifxiL/Kp... Cornell University Library Z733 .P95 Princeton Universitv Librarv : A'Jf,f .1}?,? " olin 3 1924 029 533 167 Cornell University Library The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924029533167 THE LIBRARY PRINCETON UNIVERSITY LIBRARY AMERICAN LIBRARY ASSOCIATION VISIT JUNE 29 1916 Princeton, N. J. THE UNIVERSITY IIBRARY 1916 5 NO. 400 COPIES PRINTED LSI OPIES PRir TABLE OF CONTENTS. Short Walks about Princeton, . .,. . .^ 1 Original deed of Gov. Belcher's Library, 4 Philological Society of Nassau Hall, ■^. 12 The College of New Jersey Library in 1879, 17 The University Library in^l898, 24 The University Library Reorganization of 1900, 42 The University Library in 1905, 48 The University Library in 1915-16, 54 Report of the Librarian, 1914-15, 60 The Library buildings June 29, 1916, 65 "War Poster Exhibition, 71 Lytle War Relics Exhibition, 73 Princeton University Library Publications, 88 Princeton University Press Publications, 90 Shakespeare Exhibition, 93 History of the Art of Illumination Exhibition, 105 Printing and Binding Department Exhibition, 131 Library Equipment Exhibition, 158 PLATES. The Library, Frontispiece Map of Princeton, 1 Plans of the Library, 64 War Posters, 71 PREFACE. On the occasion of the Asbury Park meeting of the American Library Association, an invitation was extended by the University and by Mr. M. Taylor Pyne, Chairman of the New Jersey Public Library Commission, to visit Princeton. About 600 members accepted the invitation. In honor of this visit, a number of exhibitions were prepared by the University Library and the University Press. In connection with these exhibitions, it was stated that a souvenir book containing historical matter connected with the College, together with catalogue and description of exhibits, would be sent to all visitors expressing a wish for same. This volume is being sent accordingly. It is made up largely of matter set up for other purposes and kept standing in bar form. A small amount only is unique to this volume. Princeton, N. J. June 29, 1916. SHORT WALKS ABOUT PRINCETON. Some Distances. Station to Library, 1/6 mile. Station to Graduate College, 1/2 mile. Library to Lake, 3/4 mile. Library to Graduate College, 2/3 mile. Library to Mr. Pyne 's entrance and battleground, V/i miles. Library to Lovers ' Lane, 1 mile. Thomson Hall to Graduate College, 5/8 mile. I. Arrival and Main Campus. Prom the railroad station (82) walk up the steps and through the arch of Blair Hall (30) to Alexander Hall (23) (Romanesque brownstone and gran- ite building at the left (•rose window, sculptuires, mosaic and fresco decora- tions). Leaving Alexander Hall on the same side as it was approached, turn left along the stone walk (Witherspoon Hall (12) across the quadrangle), passing between Reunion Hall (7) (left) and West College (4) (right) to the quadrangle containing "the cannon" planted in the centre). [On the right side of the quadrangle are the two marble buildings of the Debating Societies, Whig (27) and Clio (26) Halls, with the "little cannon" between them. J At the left of tjie quadrangle is Nassau Hall (1), entered on the side opposite the quadrangle (*bronze tigers, by Phimister Proctor, on either side of the entrance, •Faculty room — the room where the Continental Con- gress met in 1783 — and portraits of former trustees, presidents and pro- fessors and the Peale *poxtrait of Washington in a frame which formely held a picture of George IH). Coming out of Nassau Hall, turn to the right to the Library building (the Chancellor Green Library (9) the octagon at the left, and the Pyne Library (31) at the right). Passing through the arch under the tower of the Pyne Library turn to the right, passing the house of the Dean of the College (33) (left), to Marquand Chapel (16) (left) ('win- dows in the apse by John La Farge, •rose windows and windows over the entrance by Louis C. Tiffany, figures in the dome of the apse by Frederick Crowninshield, *bronze relief of President McCosh by St. Gaudens). Leav- ing Marquand Chapel and passing Murray-Dodge Hall (14,33) (right) and the end of McCosh Hall (40) (left), come to McCosh walk (*Prospect (5), the President's house, straight ahead). Turning to the right of Prospect, go by a gravel path to the Art Museum (18) (TrumbuU-Prime and other notable pottery collections, original Greek marbles, finds of the Princeton expeditions to Syria, *paintings by Jerome BoSch and others, etc.). Cross to the Univer- sity Library. PEINCETON UNIVERSITY LIBKAEY II. Club Houses and Athletics. DISTANCE, 2 miles, including the Lake extra walk. TIME, brisk walk, no stops, 40 minutes. Starting from the Pyne Library, go south by McCosh Hall (40), then left through McCosh walk to Washington Street. Turning right on Washington Street, then left, opposite the entrance of '79 Hall (36) to Prospect Avenue (Observatory of Instruction (13) on the left and upper class clubs along both sides of the street) to the University Field (78) (on the corner of Olden Street and Prospect Avenue) with the Field House and Cage (75, 76) and the Osborne Club House (80). A short distance back on Prospect Avenue, a narrow road to the left, between Cap and Gown (64) and Cottage (62) Clubs, leads to the Stadium (90) (*view from the seats). The road to the right leads back to Washington Street. [To the left down the hill one- fourth mile Lake Carnegie and the '87 Boat House (89) (right).] Up the hill on the left, Guyot Hall (44) (*Museum of Natural History and the Biological and Geological Laboratories), turn left by a path between Guyot Hall and the Isabella McCosh Infirmary (24), past Palmer Laboratory (42), the Garden of Prospect and the Art Museum (right) (on left Patton (39), Cuyler (52), and Brown (22) Halls) to the Gymnasium (36). Back past Little (32) and Dod (15) Halls, Clio (26) and Whig (27) to the Library. in. The University Library. Enter from Nassau Hall side into Delivery Eoom; left, the Chancellor Green Library (*Trustee Room, Reading Room, Reference Rooms), right Pyne Library (Exhibition Room, Stack, Seminary Rooms, Administration Rooms). Visit Garrett War Posters and Lytle War Relics in Trustee Room, Photostat, California Exposition and University Press exhibits in Reading Eoom. In Exhibition Eoom note Meirs Cruikshanks, Patterson Horaces, Morgan Virgils, Shakespeariana, Princetoniana, Seals and Tablets, Inscrip- tions and other exhibits. At far corner the Hutton Death Masks and Asso- ciation Books and Pictures. Through the door and up one flight visit the Garrett Illuminated MSS. and exhibit of the History of Art of Illumination. IV. The Princeton University Press. DISTANCE (there and back), i/o mile. WALKING TIME, 10 minutes. Start from Library Arch straight down William Street, 1/4 mile (McCor- mick Gateway ahead (79) to Press building (85) (Gothic stone building on right). Eeturn to Library. V. Libraries. DISTANCE, a mile and a half. TIME (allowing 10 minutes each for three Libraries), one hour (ex Ceme- tery detour). Leaving the University Library at the east entrance, walk past the corner of Dickinson Hall (8) obliquely to Nassau Street (the John C. Green School 2 HISTORY OF THE LIBRARY of Science (10) on the right beyond Dickinson), cross Nassau Street to Van Deventer Avenue (and the Central Public Library (100) in the Commodore Bainbridge house on the left corner). [Van Deventer A\enue leads to Wig- gins Street, where a turn to the left brings one to the Cemetery (101) (*the graves of former presidents of the University, among them Jonathan Ed- wards and John Witherspoon the Signer, Aaron Burr, Grover Cleveland, and other famous Americans).] West on Nassau Street, past the front Campus and the house of the Dean of the Faculty (2) (built in 1756 for the President's house), the First Presbyterian Church of Revolutionary fame (102), Holder Hall and Tower (46) and University Hall (11) to Bayard Lane; down Bayard Lane (right) (Princeton Inn (113) on the left-hand corner) to Hodge Road (on the right, the home of Henry van Dyke (104), and beyond that, still on Bayard Lane, the homes of Bishop Matthews (105) and Professor W. M. Sloane). Turning down Hodge Road, pass the Cleve- land house (103) on the right. [The first right-hand turn leads to Cleveland Lane, the half-timber house on which was the residence of Woodrow Wilson when he was Governor of New Jersey.] Turning at Library Place, walk through it (the third house (106) from the end on the right-hand side was built by Woodrow Wilson while professor in the University) to Stockton Street. Turn left on Stockton Street to the libraries (107, 108) of the Princeton Theological Seminary (on right). The second house on the left is the house of Richard Stockton (109), Signer of the Declaration of Inde- pendence; opposite on the right is Trinity Church and Thomson Hall (110), which contains a branch of the Public Library. [From Thomson Hall to Graduate College direct, via Trinity Church yard and Alexander Street, 5/8 mile.] VI. The Battleground. DISTANCE, Thomson Hall to Graduate College (across Mr. Pyne's place), 1^2 miles. Leaving Thomson Hall Library, follow Stockton Street west by Seminary Library and grounds of Messrs. Armour (right), Briinnow (left), Marquand (left) and Morgan (right) to Lovers' Lane (or, by invitation of Mr. M. Taylor Pyne, to an entrance of his grounds farther on opposite the entrance to the Russell estate. Cross Mr. Pyne's grounds to the place of first encoun- ter with the British or wind back to far end of Lovers' Lane). At Mercer Street corner of Lovers' Lane [either tin-n right to the top of the hill (111), where the Americans and the British met in battle, the latter advancing across Mr. Pyne's lands on the right, while the Americans advanced from 'he lower ground to the southwest, or] go right ahead on Olden Lane to Battle Road, past professors' houses (including that of ex-Mayor MeClellan) to the Graduate College (48,49,50,51) [by the Theological Seminary (112) to the station (82) — all battleground]. This walk, ending at the Graduate School, takes about an hour. 3 ORIGINAL DEED OF GIFT OF GOV. BELCHER'S LIBRARY. This deed was found among the Maclean papers recently presented to the University Library by the Misses Maclean Eliz.a Town (NJ) May 7 : 1755 A Catalogue of Books belonging to His Excellency Jonathan Beleher Esq.r Captain General & Commander in ... . Chief in and over the Province of Nova Csesarea or New Jersey and Territories thereon depending in America Chancellor and vice Admiral in the same Folio 's Pools Annotations Doct.r Bates.a Works Basnages History of Jews Works of the Author of the whole Duty of man Burnets History of his own Time first Vol Bunyan 's Works 2 : Vol Le Estranges Josephus Hows Works 2. Vol Tillotsons Works 3 : Vol Flavels Works 2. Vol History of Aethiopia Burnets History of the Reformation 3 Vol Burnet on the thirtynine Articles Hales Origination of Mankind Grew's Cosmologia Sacra Mores Philosophical Collections Rapins History of England 5 : Vol Chambers.s Dictionary 2. Vol Old Mixons Ilistoral of the Stuarts Massachusetts Laws State Trials 6 : Vol New Jersey Laws Communitas Fratrium Trial of the Rebel Lords Dryden's Works 4: Vol Cowleys Works Drydens Poems The Book of Rates Savel 's History of the Quakers HISTORY OP THE LIBRARY Bucannon's History of Scotland Guyse :s Paraphrase 3 : Vol Roberts.s Map of Commerce Poems upon the Marriage of the Prince of Orange in Latin Ditto on the Prince of Wales The History of N. England by Cotton Mather Visscher's Atlas Minor Lock's Work's 3: Vol Sidney on Government Le Estrange :s Esop Connecticut Laws Quarto -.s Fields English Bible Cruden's Concordence WoUastons Religion of Nature Dodridge 's Family Expositor — 2 Johnston's Psalms Ainsworths dictionary 2. Vol Abridgement of the Statutes of Ireland Boyer's French Dictionary Silius Italius Valerius Flaccus Jones :s Abridgment the 4 : & 5 : Vol.s Free Mason's Constitutions Newtons Cronology Shaws Abridgment 3 : Vo] Atlas Geographus 5. Vol Sea Laws 2. Vol MoUoys Jure Maritimo Octavo Lidiards life of the Duke of Marlborough. 2 : Vol. Mayhews Indian Convert Discription of the State of England Hoadley's Answer to the Convocation Huets History of the Commerce of the ancients Trade & Navigation of Great Britain Sallust in Usum Delphini Church History of Geneva Horace in Usum Delphini The Works of Longinsis Le Mereier against Detraction PEINCETON UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Discouree concerning the Mine Adventure Waterland's Vindication Plutarch.B Lives 5 : Vol The Marriners Calender Neals History of the Puritants 4. Vol Gordon's Grammar Plutarehs Morals 5 Vol Annals of Queen Ann 11. Vol Well.s Geography 4. Vol John Bull Bladens Caesar Ciceros Works 12. Vol Barclays Apology Pearee's Vindication Present State of Virginia Montagu 's Essays 3. Vol Herodotu.s History 2. Vol, Miseellania Curiosa 3. Vol History of the Turks 2. Vol Mathers Christian Philosopher Temples Letters 3. Vol Annals of King George Whartons Works 2: Vol Ludlow :s Memoirs 3 Vol Echards Roman History 5 : Vol Hiekering :s Works 2. Vol Clarindons History of the Rebellion 6 : Vol Potters Antiquities 2. Vol Debates in Parliament 3. Vol Annals of Europe Chamberlayn 's State The Works of St. Evremont 2 : Vo] Abridgement of Plantation Laws Lex Mercatoria Bacons Essays History of France 2 : Vol Fields English Bible Publius Papinius Statius Rohaults Physics Vindieon of the Sunship of Christ Discourse of the Trinity Hornecks Sermons 2. Vol Burnets State of the dead HISTORY OF THE LIBRARY Burrishes Batavia illustrata An exortation to the Inhabitants of Carolina Rays "Wisdom of God in the Creation Miscellania Sacra 2 : Vol. Mather :s Life Flynts Sermons Milton's Works 2: Vol. Mathers Apology Atterbury :s Sermons 2. Vol. Hows Sermons 2. Vol. Mrs Row's Works 3 Vol. Mrs Row's Letters Sharps Sermons 4 : Vol. Horneks best Exercise Antiquities of the Hebrews 4. Vol. Watts :s Improvement of the mind Watts on the World to come 2 Vol. Berrystretts Sermons 2. Vol. Tennents Sermons j Epictetus Hornek's Crueifyd Jesus Smiths Curiosities of common Water Passages relating to Philips War The Case of Tyths stated Kennets Antiquities Roscommon's Works The practical Gardner 2. Vol. The History of Holland 2 : Vol. The History of Germany 2. Vol. The History of Jersey — Life of Col.i Gardner Jenkins on the Christian Religion 2 Vol. Defoe's Works 2. Vol. History of the Mogul Empire Occasional Papers 3 : Vol. Journey thro' Germany Bareley of Tar Water Hoadleys Preservative Pemberton's (of N. York) Sermons Gonson's Charges to Grand Juries Dispensary A Poem Sherlock on Judgment Delaun's plea for the Non-conformists PEINCETON UNIVERSITY LIBRAEY Chalkley's Collection of Works Echards Ecclesiastical History 2 : Vol. Gilpin's Life Doctr William's Sermons 5: Vol. Bradley of Gardning 2 : Vol. Works of the Prince of Conti Branard's Life Le Estrange on Religion Fleetwood's Sermons King on the Creed West on the Resurection History of the World 4 : Vol. Clarindon & Whitlock Compared King's Primative Church Tennent on War Colliers Antoninus Report of the Committee of Secrecy in French Bullocks Sermons Taylor's Establishment Norris's Letters Gambols Maxims Doddridge on Religion Pembeton's Sermons Scott.s Christian Life 5. Vol. Sherlock on death Rapins Critical Works 2. Vol. Hale on the Knowledge of God Hales Contemplations 3 : Vol. Oxford Grammar Duodecimo — Tennents Discources. Watts. s Missalanies Watts. s Scripture History Penns no Cross Hale on the Magnet Cole of God's Sovereignty Patrick on the Sacrament Spiritual Retreat Fire of the Altar Watts' Sermons — 3 : Vol. Brightland's Grammar Redeemer & Sanctifier HISTORY OF THE LIBRARY Castalio.s Latin Bible. 3 : Vol. Life of Czar of Moscova Life of King of Sweden. Life of Oliver Cromwell "Wonders of the Invisible World Abstracts of the Acts of Parliament relating to the Admiraltry Mather's Psalms Triumph of Mercy Practice of the Court of Admiraltry Dickinson of Christianity Kidder of the Sacrament Princes Annals of N. England Shakespear's Works 9 Vol. Letter to a Clergyman on a Sermon preached 30. of January Turkish Spy 4: Vol. Temples Observations Pomfrets Poems Mrs Mary Loyd's Diary Telemachus 2. Vol. Persian Letters Sewel on the holy Spirit Addison's Works 3. Vol. The Spectator 8 : Vol. Pearsals Contemplations Steals Political Writings Baxters Call to the unconverted Journal of the House of Commons Popes Homer 6 : Vol. Cato's Letters 4. Vol. Dryden's Poems 6 : Vol. Tur^U.s Remains History of the low County in French 3 : Vol. Tacitus 3. Vol. The Guardian 2. Vol. The Englishman The Lover Hudibrass Tattler 4 : Vol. English, Scotch & Irish Compendium 4 Vol Baronets 3. Vol. The Free holder The Gazetteer two Vol. Villar's Memoirs in French PRINCETON UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Philip 's Poems Description of Paris De immitatione Christi Life of Pomponius Atticus Whitefields Sermons 2. Vol. Tully's Offices Coleman on the incomprehensibility of God Popes Essay on Man Horneck of the day of Judgment Shaws Immanual Fragments of Seneca in Latin — And also a Pair of Globes a large Carv'd Gilded Coat of Arms — Heads of the Kings of England in ten glas'd Frames — My Picture at full length at present standing in what is calld the blue Chamber in my House — To all to whom these presents shall come greeting, I Jonathan Belcher Cap.t General & Governour & Commander in Chief of the Province of New Jersey send Greeting Know ye that I the said Jonathan Belcher as well for and in Consideration of the Regai'd which I bear to the Interest of the College lately incorporated in the Province aforesaid as also for the sum of ten Shil- lings Lawfull Money of New Jersey to me in hand paid the Receipt whereof I do hereby aeknoM'ledge and for divers other good Causes & Considerations me thereunto moving have given & granted and Do by these presents give grant and Confirm imto the Trustees of the said College of New Jerscj' & their Successorrors for the Use & Benefit of the said College forever all my Library of Books a Catalogue whereof is hereunto affixed together Avith my own Picture at full length in a Gilt Frame now standing in my blue Chamber also one pair of Globes & ten Pictures in black Frames over the mantle Piece in my Library Room being the Heads of the Kings and Queens of England & also my large carved gilded Coat of Arms to Have and to Hold all and singu- lar the said Library of Books & other the afores.d Premisses unto the said Trustees of the College of N. Jersey and their Successors to the only proper Use & benefit of the s.d College forever Avithout any manner of Challenge Claim or Demand from mo the s.d Jonathan Belcher or from any other Person or Persons whatsoever for me or any of my Heirs or Executors after my death or without any money or other thing to be yielded therefor unto me the said Jonathan Belcher my Heirs Executors or Assigns — reserving to my self nevertheless the Possession & Use of all the aforegoing Premisses clurinn- my Natural Life and I the said Jonathan Belcher all and Singular the aforesaid 10 HISTORY OP THE LIBRARY Articles of Books Pictures Globes and Coat of Arms to the said Trustees of the College aforesaid & their Successors against all People will warrant & forever defend bj^ these Presents & farther Know ye that I the said Jonathan Belcher have put the s.d Trustees in Possession af all and Singular the Prem- isses aforesaid by the delivery of one Volume of my Library afors.d unto the Trustees of the said College. In Witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand & Seal this eighth day of May in the twenty eighth Year of His Majes- ty's Reign and in the Year of our Lord One thousand seven hundred & fifty five Sealed and Delivered ] L Belcher [Seal] in the Presents of us the words (of Bngland)being first interlined between the seventeenth and -|- eighteenth lines and the -|- Word (aforegoing) being -j- wrote upon a rasure -j-" on the first line of the -j- last Page Robert Ogden John Gregg Bliz.a Town (New Jersey) May 8 : 1755 This day Personally appeared before me the above-named Jonathan Bel- cher Esq.r & acknowledged the aforegoing Instrument to be his voluntary Act & Deed- Matthias Hetfield Justice of ye peace for ye County of Essex in New Jersey — [The following matter is crossed off in a later ink.] Be it remembered that on the 26 : day of Sept.r in the Year of our Lord one thousand Seven hundred & fifty five Personally appeared before me Matthias Hetfield Esq.r One of the Judges of the Inferiour Court of Common Pleas for the County of Essex Jonathan Belcher Esq.r & acknowledged the within written Instrument of Conveyance to be his free & voluntary Act & Deed — [On front fly leaf.] Nov.r 4. 56 : Was added to ye following Catalogue. Pools Annotations 2. Vol. Fol. [Docket.] Eliz.a Town (NJ) May 8. [1755] Governour Beleher.s Deed of gift his Library &e. to the College of New Jersey — 11 THE PHILOLOGICAL SOCIETY 01" NASSAU HALL, A First Attempt at Forming a Special Library. By H. B. Van Iloesen. Tiie University Library in 1316 cansisted altogether of only 7,000 volumes and it is not surprising that upon the arrival in 1825 of Professor Robert Bridges Patton, the first member of the Faculty to have done his d.octorate in a German university, the need for a special library was immediately felt. Such a library was organized under the name of the Philological Society of Nassau Hall, although the books were the property of Professor Patton himself. The library is described by James Waddell Alexander of the Class of 1820 (Forty Years' Familiar Letters, New York, 1860, Vol. I, p. 88) : "I spent part of a day, and might spend many, in looking over the library of Professor Patton, which I had never before seen. In his own department (Languages), his collection is superior to anything I ever saw. lie has the best editions, ancient and modern, of all the classics ; and every book which can be named affording any facility in these studies." The total number of volumes was some 1,500! Professor Patton, says John Maclean, tenth President of the College of New Jersey, in his History of the College of Nc\>' Jersey (Philadelphia, 1877, Vol. II, p. 266), "did very much towards promoting among his pupils a taste and fondness for classical studies, espe- cially in tlic department of Greek. One of the fruits of his labors was the editing i;y the Senior Class, under his supervision, of the Greek play known as 'The Seven against Thebes' (Princeton, 1826). Another vras the "Cata- logue of books belonging to the Library of the Philological Society of Nassau Ilall, together with those deposited for the use of its members" (Princeton 1828). Profe-.Ror Patton with his special library was perhaps ahead of his time. He left f'.'ur j-cars afterwards, taking his library with him, and it was thirty years holnm the next German doctor, Pi'oiessor Arnold Guyot, came. (Cf. GoUins, V. L., Princeton. New York, 1914, p. 139.) Ills successor as Profes- sor of Ancient Languages and Literature, John Maclean, in his own words (1. e.) "did not atterapt to revive the Philological Society, for the very good reap,on tliat the instruments for research in this department had been, to a great oxtpjit, removed ; and, further, tlie writer found himself, upon assum- ing his new office, burdened with so many duties in conducting for the next term the instruction in the two departments of Mechanics and of Ancient Languages, with a full share in the government of the College, that he had no time for additional labors". 12 HISTORY OF THE LIBRARY Documents appended: (1) (from the Catalogue of the books) (a) "The Objects of the Philological Society of Nassau Hall"; (b) "Section VIII. of the Constitution. The Library"; (2) Petition of the Philological Society of Nassau Hall to the Trustees of the College for rooms for their library and place of meeting; (3) Note of presentation from the Standing committee of the Society requesting the Board of Trustees to accept some catalogues of the library. (1) (a) The objects of "THE PHILOLOGICAL SOCIETY OP NASSAU HALL," are: I. To provide a Library of Reference, composed of such works as tend, directly or indirectly, to elucidate the languages and the authors of anti- quity. Some of these works are necessarily more, and some less, elementary in their character, adapting themselves to the age and standing of the student, and to the particular direction of his studies. Some illustrate the grammatical structure of the language itself; others dwell at large upon the history, mythology, manners and customs, and political condition of the people. Some are employed in amending and restoring the text, and in the adjustment of the various readings — a dry but necessary toil; while others, in the shape of commentaries, drawn from the pure fountains of learning, pour a flood light upon the classick pages. II. To encourage a more extensive and critical reading of the Greek and Latin classicks, than is usual in our Colleges. III. To afford assistance in the study of the modern languages and liter- atures. IV. To enable those resident graduates who feel a desire to isrosecute philological and literary studies, beyond the prescribed College course, to do so, with the most flattering hopes of success and of future eminence. V. To procure those editions of the Greek and Latin classicks, and of other works, which will illustrate the condition of the art of printing in different ages, and mark the advancement or retrogression of the art. VI. To derive from philological pursuits all the advantages they are calculated to confer, when prosecuted under the most favourable auspices, by means of Translations, Criticisms, Essays, Lectures, Illustrations of difficult or important passages, Discussions, and such other exercises as may give interest to the meetings of the Soeiety, and keep up a tone of lit- erary excitement among its members. Note. — A large room, thirty-six feet by twenty-one, in the College Edifice, has been furnished with shelves, tables, chairs, stoves, &c. &c., in order to render the consultation of the library both convenient and agreeable at all seasons of the year. 13 PRINCETON UNIVEESITY LIBRARY (1) (b) SECTION VIII. OP THE CONSTITUTION. The Library. Art. 1. The Library shall be open for consultation, during each session, every day on which the Students are permitted to attend to the customary College Studies and Exercises. Art. 2. The Library shall be open from 12 o'clock till 1 P. M. Art. 3. No book shall be taken from the shelves at any other time nor ever from the room or rooms in which the Library may be deposited, except by the Professor of Languages, Viiio shall have access to the Library at discretion. Art. 4. The Librarians alone shall be permitted to take books from the shelves. Art. 5. Three catalogues of the books belonging to the Library, shall be always on the tables in the Library-Room, for the use of the members of the Society. Art. 6. One catalogue shall be under the immediate care of each Libra- rian. Art. 7. Any work or works newly received, shall be announced, by the Secretary, on a board for that purpose in the Library-Room, within one week, if practicable, after their reception; this notice shall be continued there one week, and the works shall be recorded by the Librarians in their respective catalogues. Art. 8. No ink shall bo brought into the Library-Room or used there by the members of the Society wliile consalting the books. Art. 9. No one during the period allotted for the consultation of the Library shall .speak above a whisper. Art. 10. No one shall be entitled to more than two volumes at a time, without permission from one of the Librarians. (2) To the Honorable, "The Board of Trustee?; of the College of N. Jersey": Gentlemen, At a meeting of "The Philological Society of Nas.-nu Hall", held on Saturday the 23d of August, it was unanimously resolved : "That the Standing Committee be authorized to present, to the Pac- .ulty of the College, a request, that the Society may be permitted to fit up and furnish such room or rooms in the College building, as the Committee may select, for the use of the Society; until a formal application can be made to the Board of Tru.'itccs, at their nerd m.eetino'." 14 HISTORY OF THE LIBRARY In pursuance of this resolution the Standing Committee presented to the Faculty of the College a request, that they might be permitted to fit up and furnish, for the accommodation of the Society, the rooms numbered 50 and 51, in the fourth entry of the large college edifice ; and more particularly, as a suitable place of deposit for a Library of Reference, to which the mem- bers of the Society were to have access. The Faculty of the College were unanimously of opinion, that the above-mentioned rooms would not be needed for the accommodation of stu- dents, and that the Standing Committee might, with the concurrence of the Committee of Repairs (just about to meet) proceed to make the contem- plated arrangements for the accommodation of the Society. In this opinion the Committee of Repairs unanimously concurred; and the Standing Committee proceeded, immediately, to the necessary preparations, in order to fit up and furnish the apartment against the present commencement. The partition between the adjoining rooms, numbered 50 and 51, has been removed, which then opened an apartment 36 feet by 21. This apartment has received several repairs, which the Standing Committee found to be necessary, owing to the ruinous and defaced condition of the ceiling, and of the window sashes, frames, and seats; it has also been far- nished with book-shelves, tables, chairs, and other things necessary to pro- mote the objects of the Society. Owing to the condition of the apartment v.lien the Standing Com- mittee commenced their arrangements, an expenee has been incurred that exceeds the amount which the Committee at first supposed vfould be requi- site. In consequence of this, the Committee fear that the Society will be under the necessity of drawing upon their income arising from the annual contributions of the regular members, v.'hich they had fondly hoped might be devoted to the importation of several works of reference much needed by the Society. We, therefore, the Standing Committee of "The Philological Society of Nassaii Ilall," most respectfully invite the alfention of your honorable body to the existence, the present wants and the important objects of the Philological Society, and request, in the name and in behalf of the Society, that the said Society may be permitted to use the above mentioned apart- ment, for their accommodation, free of ail expence for rent, and with such other privileges, immunities, aid, and countenance, as you may think proper to grant. About Two Hundred Dollars has been subscribed for the pm'pose of fitting up the Library room with shelves, tables, chairs, &c. &c. Of this sum, the students (undergraduates) have subscribed about Eighty Dollars, thus evincing an interest of no ordinary kind in the institution. We cannot, therefore, but indulge the hope, that your venerable body will se^oiid our endeavours to render the respectable and ancient College of 15 PEINCBTON UNIVEESITY LIBRARY New Jersey, eminent among its younger sisters for its literary privileges, its liberal plans, and its unequivocal advantages. We remain Gentlemen with profound respect Yours &c. ROBT. B. PATTON, J. ADDISON ALEXANDER, (W. C. ALEXANDER), (J. 0. THOMPSON), (B. RUSH), JOHN S. HART, A. A. CARUTHERS, Standing Committee of the Philological Society of Nassau Hall. Note. The names included in brackets are the names of members of the committee which could not at the moment be obtained in their own hand writing. (3) Princeton, Sept. 24, 1828. To the Honorable The Board of Trustees of the College of N. Jersey. Gentlemen, We would most respectfully request your acceptance of some cata- logues of "The Library of the Philological Society of Nassau Hall"; and we would also esteem it a favour, if you would fix on some time, during the present session, at which you will visit the apartment lately fitted up for the accommodation of the Society. With the highest respect Yours &c. ROBT. B. PATTON, (W. C. ALEXANDER), J. ADDISON ALEXANDER, (B. RUSH), JOHN 8. HART, A. A. CARUTHERS, (J. 0. THOMPSON), Standing Committee of the Philolosical Soc. of Nassau Hnll. IC THE COLLEGE OP NEW JERSEY LIBRARY IN 1879. Reprinted from an article on Tlie College Library, in The Princeton Book. Boston, 1879. By Frederic Vinton, A.M. The initial point in the history of the College Library is the 8th of May, 1755. The College having been established nine years previous, it may indeed be fairly supposed that a few books had been presented, or perhaps purchased for it, even during the doubtful and migratory existence which it had. But the day named above was marked by a brilliant benefaction on the part of its most distinguished friend. Jonathan Belcher, then Governor of New Jersey, was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in 1681. Soon after graduating from Harvard College, in 1699, he visited England, and spent six years in various parts of Europe. Having made the acquaintance of noble and even royal personages, he r^eturned to Boston, to live there twenty years a successful merchant. In 1722 he was sent abroad by his fellow- citizens as their colonial agent. In 1730 he was appointed Governor of Massachusetts (then including Maine) and of New Hampshire. To grace this dignity, he abandoned commerce, and maintained a profuse and elegant hospitality. Smith's History of Ncav Jersey speaks of him as having "got early upon the wing in the gay world; a handsome exterior, a fondness for it, and for dress, equipage, and popular (klat, insensibly betrayed him into a scene of show and expense which at length proved inconvenient to his patrimony." It was said that "he carried a high hand in the government of Massachusetts." His "high-blown pride broke under him" in 1741, ■nhen detraction at the English court caused him to be deprived of his honors. He was spirited enough to carry his cause to the steps of the throne ; was received with kindness, and Vv'as promised the fli'st vacant government in America. That proved to be in the Province of New Jersey, in 1747, which he administered eleven years. This elegant and courtly gentleman was the founder of our College and our library. His collection of 474 volumes, 41 being folios and 12 cjuartos, at once gave to the infant College a resiiectable rank among the possessors of books in America. There were at that moment but five institutions in the Colonies having a greater number. The Philadel- ph'a library v.-as of twenty -five years' standing; but it was not till thirty years after this that it had 5,000 volumes. Harvard College library Vvas large and rich for the times; but it was burned in 1764. Yale College library began with the century; lut it had not 4,000 volumes till 17G5. The 17 PRINCETON UNIVERSITY LIBRARY New York Society library began in 1754; but had not 5,000 volumes till 1793. This gift was not immediately available, for the College edifice was not yet completed. Nor when the building was finished, was the Library at once removed to it; for Governor Belcher lived till August 31, 1757. A manu- script list of his books yet exists in the records of the Trustees; showing that theology made a third, history a fourth, belles-lettres a fifth, law seven per cent, classics in the original six per cent, science and books of reference each five per cent of the whole number. When we imagine Governor Bel- cher sitting in the midst of these books, dressed in the showy costume of that period, — velvet coat, crimson vest, small-clothes, and a sword, — having "uncommon gracefulness of person and dignity of deportment," he seems unworthy neither of Massachusetts nor of Nassau Hall. He gave his picture, but it "was destroyed during the war." It seems probable that the removal of the College to its stately lodgement in 1756, and the installation in it of Belcher's library in 1757, with the flow of students to its walls, stimulated other liberal gentlemen to augment the collection by gifts of their own. The preface to the first catalogue speaks of it as "formed almost entirely of the donations of public-spirited gentle- men on both sides of the Atlantic." Within only two j'ears from its removal to Princeton, the Trustees thought the accumulation so honorable to the College, that they desired President Davies "to take a methodical catalogue of the books, and order the same to be printed at the expense of the Col- lege." The modest pamphlet, in thirty-six pages, small quarto, which resulted from this vote, was printed at Woodbridge, New Jersey, in 1760. It was one of the earliest catalogues of books printed in America. I know of but one earlier, that of the Philadelphia library, printed by Franklin in 1741. The first library catalogue for Harvard appeared in 1790; the New York Society's first catalogue was in 1793. This "Catalogue of books in the library of the College of New Jersey, January 29, 1760," gives the titles of about thirteen hundred volumes (as we count them, 1,281). The folios are 231, quartos 270. Among these were many volumes of the Delphin and other choice editions of the classics ; many volumes of folio editions of the fathers; Erasmus's edition of the Greek New Testament, Basileae, Frobenius, 1535; Eliot's Indian Bible; Marsilio Ficino's translation of Plato; Stei)hcns's Thesaurus lingua} latinaj, 1740, 4 v. folio- Thueydides, translated by Lorenzo Valla, 1588, folio; Maimonides de saeri- fieiis ; Scaliger de emendatione teraporum, and Historia concilii constantien- sis, 7 vols., folio. During the fifteen years which elapsed between the publication of this catalogue and the breaking out of the Revolutionary War, we may properly suppose that the Library acquired seven hundred volumes, making up two thousand in 1775. For Dr. Witherspoon is knov/n to have brought over three 18 HISTORY OF THE LIBRARY hundred volumes (the gifts of his friends), when he arrived in 1768; and he subsequently reported to the Trustees similar benefactions. But in the dark and dreary days that followed, the collection lost much which it had pos- sessed. The storm of war which rolled so often across New Jersey never dashed upon Nassau Hall without bringing disaster to the library. In an address to the English public, when they sent Witherspoon and Reed to solicit help for the College, the Trustees speak of their building as having been "occupied as barracks by the contending armies, its library and philo- sophical apparatus destroyed." It has been doubtfully asserted that Corn- wallis's army carried part of the books to North Carolina. However this may have been, there is no reason to suppose that the brutality and vandal- ism on either side, which consumed as fuel all the woodwork of the building, sparing neither floors nor roof, abstained from injuring the books. IIow many and what individual volumes perished thus we shall never know. But, from the expression already quoted, it is fair to infer that a majority of the books had disappeared. In 1780, therefore, not only was the building to be restored, but the library to be replaced. By the end of the century, the number if not the quality of the books had surpassed its former high tide. An address to the people of the United States, adopted by the Trustees, March 18, 1802, represents the library as having lately numbered 3,000 volumes. But the new century had advanced only a year, when, on the 6th of March, 1802, Nassau Hall was consumed by an incendiary fire, and ' ' all our pleasant things were again laid waste. ' ' The library was lodged in the centre of the edifice, and it perished with all the rest. The conflagration occurred at midday; but whatever books escaped must have been hastily snatched from the flames. To the learned industry of President Smith, perhaps, we owe it that certain precious instruments of theological research were safe in his study, and are still upon our shelves. The first identification of such, by the present Librarian, was that of the four folio volumes entitled " Concordantise sacrorum bibliorum hebrai- corum, auctore Mario de Calasio, Londini, 1747-49." An inscription in the first volume shows whence and when they became the property of the Col- lege. It reads thus: "Liber collegii Neo-Csesariensis, ex dono Gar. Noel bibliopolffi, N. Eboraci, Janii 14, 1760. ' ' This generous gift was just in season to be entered in the catalogue of "January 29, 17G0." These, with eleven volumes, folio, of an edition of Calvin's works, printed at Amsterdam, 1G76, perhaps owed their salvation to having been borrowed some time previous. A still more interesting discovery has lately been made. The librarian had fondly hoped to find some representative of Governor Belcher's gift, and searched all the old volumes of the Library in quest of manuscript evidence to that effect. But though many of our books are old enough to have been Governor Belcher's, and their titles agree with some found in the catalogue of 1760, nothing proved that they had been his. It seems not to have been 19 PRINCETON UNIVERSITY LIBRARY his habit to write his name in his books, nor to have any engraved book- plate. Early, however, in the academic year 1876-77, a handsome quarto volume fixed the Librarian's eyes, as likely enough to contain what he sought. It was "Arturi Jonstoni psalmi davidici, interpretatione, argu- mentis, notisque illustrati, Londini, MDCCXLI." On the first fly-leaf is the following inscription : "Boston, July 1, 1741. The gift of my worthy friend, Henry Newman Esq. of London. Rec'd this day p. Capt. Evers, J. B. " In addition, we may also identify as genuine Belcher books, the two following: "Apology for the true christian divinity, as the same is held by the people called, in scorn, Quakers .... by Robert Barclay, 6th edition, London, 1736." The title-page is headed in a handwriting demonstrably the same as in the above: "London, April 12, 1745, the gift of Mrs. Benja- min Partridge. ' ' The like is true of a volume entitled : ' ' Sermons on sev- eral subjects, by E. Pemberton." The inscription above the title is: "Bos- ton, October 10, 1738. The gift of the Rev'as obliged to give up the tran- scribing of the catalogue, but he was paid the $400. In the meantime. Pro- fessor Cameron had been appointed Librarian and had undertaken the work of re-arranging the Library and the classification of the books on the shelves HISTORY OP THE LIBRARY according to subjects. The Trustees were so well pleased with this work that they gave Processor Cameron in 18G6 a special vote of thanks and the sum of $250 for his pains. With the accession of Mr. Vinton many other features of catalogue admin- istration vrere introduced. His first care was "to prepare a conspectus of the Library [what is now known as a shelf list] arranged according to the departments of the college." He also introduced the card cataloguing sys- tem and prepared catalogues of authors and subjects. Both these systems, although considerably modified, are still in operation. A third feature now recognized as necessary to complete the cataloguing system was afterwards added in the starting of an accessions catalogue, and the Library has now a nearly complete, though in some respects somewhat rough, catalogue system according to the most modern methods. An alphabetical subject catalogue of the Library was printed in 1884, a list of books by and about the Alumni in 1876, and a catalogue of the special collection known as the Class of '83 Library of Political Science and Jurisprudence was published in 1893. It is intended as soon as fvmds are available for the purpose, to have a catalogue set up in Linotype bars, by which method it will be practicable to keep a few copies for Library use of a printed catalogue kept thoroughly up to date. Hours of Opening, etc. In 1770 the Librarian or his Deputy were "required to be in regular attendance twice in every week for the space of one hour for delivering the books to the students, who shall be allowed but one book at a time." In 1794 the hours of opening had been reduced so that the Library was open one day in the week at noon. Special provision was made by which if a Trustee wished to use a book in the building at other times he could be admitted, but it was evidently not intended that any others should use books in the building, although they were allowed to draw books one at a time and to keep, "a folio six weeks, a quarto four weeks, an octavo two weeks and every other book one week." Those not connected with the College were allowed to borrow, leaving on deposit their note for the value of the book, but no book could be loaned "to any person who lives more than a mile from the college." Although in the meantime usage had varied (the Library being open in 1829 four times a week and in 1831 five times for an hour at a time), yet the one hour a week rule was still in force when Dr. McCosh came in 1868, and it was "opened on Monday of each week for the accommodation of the students." In 1868, however, provision was made for extending the hours of opening to one hour a day five days in the week, and when on October 20th, 1873, the Chancellor Green Library Building was first opened to the students for the purpose of studying, it was open five days in the week for an hour in the morning and an hour in the afternoon. Shortly after, another hour in the morning was added, but in general up to 1877-8 33 PRINCETON UNIVERSITY LIBRARY books were delivered only during one hour, although the Library was open the other two hours for consultation. In 1877-8 it was opened from 10 to 1 and from 3 to 5, although books could be drawn only during one hour in the morning and two in the afternoon. Later the hours for drawing books were extended so that in 1888 it was open six hours of the day, during five of which books could be drawn. In 1889 still another consultation hour was added, and in 1890 it was arranged to keep open both for delivery and con- sultation from 8 A. M. until dusk. It is now probable that provision may shortly be made so that it can be kept open from 8 A. M. until at least 10 P. M. Building. In 1750 a "book-case" was sufficient provision for holding the Library, but in 1754, when the money was being raised for Nassau Hall, the need had developed so far that one of the special objects in contemplation was "a library room." This room was situated on the second floor front and remained the home of the Library until Nassau Hall was burned in 1802. That it was of ample size is shown by the fact already mentioned that it was "nearly as spacious as the one which Congress occupied in Philadelphia." The Library rooms of the Societies seem to have been at this time (1802) on the top floor of Nassau Hall. After the burning of the College it was decided that a special building should be erected ' ' containing two rooms adapted to the accommodation of the Sophomore and Freshman Classes during the time which they study in the presence of their teachers ; a room for the reception and handsome exhibition of the Library of the College ; ' ' etc. This building was what is now used for College Offices. Later two of the rooms were used for the Libraries of Whig and Clio. This remained the home of the Library until Nassau Hall was again injured by fire in 1855. When it was rebuilt in 1855-G, a new Chapel having been built meantime, the old Chapel was fitted up as a Library Room, and is described as follows : ' ' The Library Room is large, beautifully proportioned, and chastely finished. It is seventy-four feet in length, thirty-six feet wide, and thirty feet high. It has fourteen alcoves and the shelves are of slate, the parts exposed to view being enam- elled in imitation of Egyptian marble. The floor is also of slate, supported by iron beams and arches of brick." The Library having been once more restored to Nassau Hall remained there until the building of the Chancellor Green Library in 1872. The Chancellor Green building was shelved for 100,000 volumes, and was in majiy respects a model library building for a college library, but the remarkable growth of the Library during the years following was such that as early as 1888 the Librarian reported it ovei'crowded. During the next seven or eight years the growth was even greater, so that some 20,000 vol- umes were moved to the cellar and attic and yet the building was crowded beyond convenient use. In connection with the Scsquicentennial, however 34 HISTOEY OF THE LIBRARY a donor, whose name is still withheld, came forward to provide a thoroughly- adequate extension of facilities in this regard by the gift of a building to cost $600,000. Shortly after. Dr. Charles E. Green made provision for exten- sive improvements in the Chancellor Green Library so that the building to-day, consisting of the Chancellor Green Library and the New Library building, represents a building investment of about $800,000 and provides ample room for 1,250,000 volumes and their proper administration and use. Following is a detailed description of this enlarged building. The Present Library Building and Its Use. The Library building at present consists of the Chancellor Green Library building and the New Building, joined together in such a way as to form one administrative unit. The Chancellor Green Library. The Chancellor Green Library building consists of a central octagon with two wings, which are counterparts externally, and consist of octagonal buildings joined to the main octagon by passageways, the extreme length of the whole building from wing to wing being 160 feet. The central octagon is sixty-four feet in diameter, is fifty feet high at the highest points, and contains an elevated floorway twelve feet from the floor and sixteen feet wide. Each side of the octagon contained originally four radial book-cases on each floor and the sixty-four cases furnished a shelving capacity of about 100,000 volumes. The west wing consists of a single room with extreme length of forty feet and extreme width of twenty feet, and is occupied as a room for the meet- ings of the Trustees. Its counterpart on the east end is divided into two administration rooms with safes, etc. The plan of the building was prepared according to the suggestions of Chancellor Green and Professor Shields. Ground was broken November 10th, 1872. The dedication exercises took place at the Commencement in 1873, and it was finished about the first of September of the same year, the books being moved in from Nassau Hall August 20-23. The architect was Mr. Wm. A. Potter of New York. When after a service of twenty-five years this building was found too small for storage purposes it proved equally and peculiarly fitted to the purposes of a v/orking library and it was thoroughly adapted, under the direction of Dr. Charles B. Green, to these purposes, it being meant by "v/orking library" that the building contains not only reading-room space and reference books, but also a large selection of books for general circu- lation, which will form a sort of reading list for students. The improvements consist in (1) the introduction of a complete system of forced ventilation, so that the room can be made at all times suitable for 35 PRINCETON UNIVERSITY LIBRARY study; (2) a complete system of electric lighting; (3) the taking out of certain of the projecting eases and replacing them with wall-cases and tables. This reduces considerably the amount of shelving, but enormously increases the space for readers. This arrangement leaves eight alcoves up- stairs and seven down fitted with tables, the other being used as passagway into the new building. The tables are for the most part 10 by 4 or 8 by 4 feet and afford accommodations for 200 readers or more. The arrangement of cases in this room is such that by the retention of the projecting cases at the corners of the octagon the character of the old room is preserved and the alcoves formed serve not merely as ordinary reading room, but serve many of the purposes of the small seminar room. The different alcoves are assigned to different branches — Reference books proper, American history, General history, General language and literature, Latin, Greek, etc., etc., and the leading periodicals, encyclopaedias, reference books, text books, etc., of each class, including both books of reference and books for circulation, are gathered there. Provision is made for having all the latest accessions to each department placed on shelves at the entrance to the room. The Library is intended, therefore, to contain the best and latest working books in every department. The shelving capacity of the building is now about 35,000 volumes. The portrait busts have been rearranged so that of Chancellor Green faces the new entrance and is flanked by those of Presidents Maclean and McCosh, all three having had an active share in the formation of the Library so long identified with the name of Chancellor Green, which has for so many years been among the best equipped of college libraries, and which it is hoped may prove to be in its more specialized function even more distin- guished than before. There is good reason to anticipate that in its equip- ment it will become second to none. This room is the headquarters of the Reference Librarian, whose office is to assist investigators whether imdergraduates or post-graduate to the sources for their work. It is connected with all parts of the building by telephone so that any book in the stack can at any time be sent for in this way, or by page who will be in attendance, and delivered at the desk of the reader. The New Libraiy Building. The New Library building, following the English collegiate style of the fifteenth century, is in the form of a hollow quadrangle, 160 by 155 feet square, two and a half stories high in the seminar rooms, five stories in the stack, and higher at the towers, connected with the Chancellor Green Library by a ligature 20 by 50 feet. A court 75 by 75 is about the size recognized as suitable for light space. The building itself running around the quad- rangle is forty feet through (twenty feet on each side being about the dis- tance recognized by librarians as the practical distance which light will 36 HISTOEY OF THE LIBRARY travel into the alcoves of the stack system). Its history is as follows : In connection with the Sesquicentennial of the College the announcement was made ot a gift, by a donor whose name was and is still withheld, of the sum of $600,000 to provide the sorely needed enlargement of building facilities. The gift was presented through and administered by M. Taylor Pyne, Esq., '77, who called into consultation Mr. Junius S. Morgan, '88, and the Librarian, and after repeated plans had been submitted, the plans of Mr. Wm. A. Potter of New York, the architect of the old library, were accepted, contracts were signed in June and work was begun August 2nd. The greatest pains was taken by Mr. Pyne and the architect, together with all concerned, to secure the best form of achitecture compatible with thorough practicality of administration and the best pos- sible administrative capability compatible with suitable academic architec- ture. The form first proposed was not that collegiate style which was finally adopted; but when it was seen how thoroughly adapted this style was to technical needs it was adopted with enthusiasm on the part of both architect and committee. As a matter of fact, the hollow quadrangle is the only practical form for a library, allowing as it does indefinite extension in the same form and allowing light from both sides. Most of the modern libraries of whatever shape, at home or abroad, when adapted with special reference to use, do and must have practically this form. The most recent example of a large city library in which the most extraordinary and scrupu- lous pains have been taken to get the most practical form in every respect (the New York City Library) illustrates this very point, the light well as planned being not far from the dimensions of the quadrangle of this Library. Practically the only concession to architecture that had to be made by administration was an inconsiderable increase in the size of the quadrangle light well over the absolutely necessary size for this building, which is lower than the average, unless the arrangement of windows be considered a con- cession; but it was found that even in this respect the style approached more nearly the ideal arrangement than any other known style, except what may be called factory style ; — the ideal of administration being a window opposite the entrance to each alcove. The building contains delivery room, stack room, and about forty smaller rooms for various purposes; ten for administration and sixteen for seminar work, thirteen for machinery, toilet rooms, etc. It has the latest systems for heat, light, and ventilation, and is provided with electric light, interior telephone system, electric elevators, etc. Delivery Room. The ligature connecting the Chancellor Green Library with the main part of the new building measures 20 by 50 feet and contains the Delivery room and the Printing and Binding room, the latter occupying the basement. 37 PRINCETON UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Entrance to the building is from both sides through small hallways into the delivery room, one entrance facing Nassau Hall and the other Dickinson Hall. In the delivery room just at the south of the entrances, is the delivery desk or counter, which encloses all the space on that side excepting a passage to the Exhibition room on the west side. To the north of the entrances on the west side of the room are cases for card catalogue, with a capacity of two hundred thousand cards. On the east side are cases for overcoats and hats. The north face of the room is the entrance to the Chancellor Green Library. The room is finished massively with brown stone and art-brick walls, mosaic floor, a paneled oak ceiling, and oak furniture. Leaded glass win- dows contain emblematic figures of Lux, Pax, etc. The grille work sur- mounting the delivery desk and separating the room from the stack and exhibitioli room is of hammered iron, natural finish. The delivery desk is the Carfax of the Library, standing at the junction of the two ways connecting with the Campus, the way to the Working Library, the way to the Exhibition room, and the way to the Stack and Adiministration rooms. Here all books taken for home use are charged and discharged and tickets of admission to the stack are presented. Stack Room. The "stack" or shelving of the Library is suited to a final capacity of 1,250,000 volumes and occupies a room running all around the quadrangle. Roughly speaking, all of the north and south portions of the building, except at the ends, are taken up in this way, as well as more or less space on the sides. There is actually somewhat more shelving in the side wings than appears on the ground plan, since the space over both driveways and over one set of seminar rooms at each corner is used for this purpose. The reason for this arrangement is that by the use of electric elevators, lifts and by underground trolley greater economy of administration is attained in bringing the average book to the delivery desk than under any other arrangement. The stack is what is known as the Library Bureau's system and consists of five stories, each story being seven and one-half feet high. The construc- tion is of iron, steel and glass, except the shelves, which are of M'ood. The fundamental feature of the style is the "open end" construction, by which shelves are supported on brackets attached to a central upright rather than on pins or bars attached to ends. The brackets used are of white enameled rolled steel, and by the use of a set-screw in an iron channel these can be raised or lowered and so adjusted to any desired height whatever. The shelves are of wood because this allows of a groove in front for receiving shelf labels and the consequent doing a^\•ay with the cumbersome label- holder, and also because the metal shelf is too slippery when polished and 38 HISTORY OP THE LIBRARY too wearing on books when roughened. The floors are of glass and iron, the air spaces being left under each range of shelves, and these are protected against the dirt and water during cleansing by raised iron frames. The light and graceful structure of the open end system, the glass floors, white enamel ends and white painted rim, together with the admirable amount of area in the windows, produce an exceptionally light and attractive stack from the technical standpoint. Even on the ground floor, where the light area is much less than above, practically the same amount of light is obtained by the use of Luxfer prism glass. It is expected that the electric light will be needed in the daytime only on the very darkest days and toward the end of the afternoon. Nevertheless, the whole building has been furnished through- out with electric lights of the most complete plan in the hope that we may soon be able to open in the evening. While it is expected that the ample provisions for study outside the stack will do away with much of the need of study within, nevertheless ample provision has been made for such use if desired by tables scattered here and there throughout the stack. Exhibition Room. Immediately adjoining the delivery room in the northwest corner of the stack an exhibition room 40 by 50 feet with alcove 12 by 25 feet has been made by leaving out two stories of the stack for this space and fitting this up with oak cabinets and show-cases, including specially devised racks for holding folios when in use. The room contains the Morgan collection of Virgils and other books and manuscripts suitable for exhibition. The alcove contains the unique collection of portrait masks presented by Mr. Laurence Hutton. Administration Rooms. The northeast corner of the building is occupied by the administration rooms proper, the ground floor containing rooms for the chief Librarian, a typewriter's room, and the ordering department room. The second floor has the corresponding three rooms thrown into one for a cataloguing room, and on the third floor there is a room for the cataloguing of periodicals and pamphlets. The basement contains storage rooms, safe, and storage vault, and toilet rooms. The ordering room is connected with the cataloguing room above by a small electric elevator. Books are brought into the former room by a door opening under the arch of the east tower. After they have been checked up with the order slips they are taken on the elevator to the floor above, where they are put through the various processes of the author and subject catalogue and the shelf -list. In addition to these groups of rooms and the printing and binding rooms already mentioned, used for administration purposes, is the room in the east tower immediately adjoining the administration rooms proper, and furnished with two stories of stack, which is used for the "purchase sys- 39 PRINCETON UNIVERSITY LIBRARY tern," — the collection of booksellers' catalogues, clippings, recommenda- tions, etc., which form the apparatus from which the list of books most needed for the library is being prepared — a list already including more than 200,000 volumes and which is being increased to include 500,000. The corresponding room opposite the tower is used for kept books. Bach tower contains above the stack, a room available for administration purposes, and the west tower has in addition a large room which it is proposed to use as a seminar room for bibliographical work. Seminar Rooms. A special feature of the New Library building is the provision of rooms for what is known as seminar rooms or rooms for instruction iu the method of research. This instruction, chiefly intended for post graduates, neces- sitates having the actual sources immediately about the instructor and the handling of them by pupils. This is peculiarly a method of book research, and corresponds, for the historical, philological, and philosophical sciences, to the laboratory for instruction in the physical sciences. Five rooms have been provided at each corner of the building excepting that occupied by administration. These are supplemented by four other rooms which may, if necessary, be used for the purpose, making a total of nineteen seminar rooms measuring about 27 by 22 feet. The northwest corner will probably be assigned to Historical and Political Science and English, the southwest corner to the Philological Sciences, and the southeast to the Philosophical Sciences, including Art and Mathematics. Basement Rooms. Besides the printing and binding room and the administration basement already described, the new building contains three series of three rooms each, under the seminar rooms. The northwest and southeast rooms are occupied by ventilating machinery, the northwest room containing also the automatic exchange for the interior telephone system, and the southwest corner is occupied by a storage battery. Exterior Decoration. The four portrait statues on the west tower are by J. Massey Rhind and represent James Madison of the Class of 1771, President of the United States, and a Founder of Whig Hall ; Oliver Ellsworth of the Class of 1766, Chief Justice of the United States, a Founder of Clio Hall ; President With- erspoon, the signer of the Declaration of Independence, and President McCosh. The Class of 1897 has a tablet on the northwest corner and has planted ivy about it. Svimmary. Some of the "points of agreement among Librarians as to library archi- 40 HISTORY OF THE LIBRARY tecture, ' ' as compiled by Mr. C. C. Soule, and given in the November number of the Brochure Series of Architectural Illustrations, afford a basis of com- parison as to the absolute and relative satisfactoriness of result in any library building. According to Mr. Soule, Librarians are agreed that the building should be (1) planned for library work; (2) the particular kind of work to be done (i. e., University, public, etc.); (3) the interior planned first; (4) no essential convenience sacrificed for mere architectural effect; (5) adapted to growth; (6) with simple decoration in use rooms; (7) planned for eco- nomical administration; (8) supervised with fewest possible attendants; (9) as much natural light as possible in all parts; (10) high windows; (11) windows opposite interval of cases; (12) arrangement of obsolete books in alcoves (i. e., for storage) ; (13) accommodations for special readers near books; (14) circulating library books near delivery desk; (15) reference library ledge three feet from floor; (16) three feet between cases enough; (17) no shelf higher than a person can reach; (18) shelving for folios and quartos in every book room; (19) straight flights preferable to circular; (20) communication between rooms by tubes and bells. This Library was carefully planned with reference to the work of this University Library (1, 2) and is proving exceedingly satisfactory in use. The general lines of interior were planned (3) before the architect was con- sulted. No essential convenience (4) has been sacrificed to architecture. The slight concessions to architecture (such as the lighting of only one side of fifth story of stack) in all cases stopping short when anything essential was threatened. The archway is not an architectural concession, but was necessitated by the road, and particular pains were given to minimising the importance of this obstruction. The style allows of indefinite extension (5) in a series of quadrangles. Interior is simple in decoration (6) and particu- larly planned for economical administration (7) to the point, in fact, that (8) a single attendant with page stationed at delivery desk can supervise the v/hole machinery of use. While the Library, in common with all other libraries, falls short of the ideal of a window opposite each passage, win- dows are nevertheless arranged opposite the intervals of cases (11) so far as practicable, and the large amount of light area, the white stack and the g]ass floors secure ample natural light (9) in all parts of the building. Y/indows are high (10) throughout. Books are not arranged in alcoves, (12) the Chancellor Green Library being no exception, as a different pur- pose is now served here, for which the alcoves are an advantage. There are tables throughout stack (13) for special readers. Books are massed very closely (14) with reference to delivery desk. Reference Library, using the old cases, does not have ledge in the sense of Mr. Soule (15), but ledges are provided between cases under windows, and these, together with the tables, serve the same purpose. In the same way, the Chancellor Green shelves, 41 PRINCETON UNIVERSITY LIBRARY being of the early style, are higher than a man can reach (17), but in the new building throughout the principle is observed. There is shelving for folios and quartos (18) in every book room, and flights of stairs are not circular (19), except in the old Library, although they fall short of an entire straight run from floor to floor. Finally, there is complete internal com- munication (20), by a system of tvrenty-five telephones. Practically speaking, therefore, in sixteen points out of twenty the new building as a whole is "technically perfect." In two other points (end windows and reference ledges) there are thoroughly satisfactory substitutes, so that both ends aimed at by the principle — daylight and resting place — are fully gained, and in the case of the ledge gained in a better way. The two remaining points (circular stairs and books out of reach from floor) apply only to the Chancellor Green Library, which was built twenty-five years ago, and not to the new library, and are of so little importance in this place that they were not worth changing. Practically, therefore, the new building regards every point of agreement, while in the building taken as a whole only two out of twenty points fall short and these only by a small fraction of the whole building — say one staircase out of twenty-four — and one per cent, of shelves. THE REORGANIZATION OF 1900. Reprinted from an article on ITie Princeton University Library and Its Reorganizations, in the Library Journal of May, 1900. By Ernest Gushing Richardson, Librarian. This paper is written under the request of the Library Joiirnal to give some account of the Princeton University Library reorganizations with ref- erence to the possible adaptation of its experiences to the needs of other libraries. Like most libraries, that of Princeton University has expanded at definite periods, usually in connection with new building facilities, and a reorganiza- tion of administrative methods. The first reorganization epoch was con- nected with the provision of the ample room in Nassau Hall in 1755. The second impulse was on the accession of President Witherspoon and involved a large increase and reorganization, but was not associated with a new building. The third cataclysm, which came with the restoration of the Library after burning in 1802, was associated -with a new building, a great increase of books and reorganization in cataloguing. On the rebuilding of Nassau Hall in 1855-6, the old chapel in Nassau Hall was made into a greatly improved library room, and the return of the books 42 HISTOEY OP THE LIBEARY was followed a few years later by a reorganizatioH effected by Mr. Harris and by Professor Cameron, who introduced the classification of books on shelves. Professor Cameron was especially thanked for this work of reor- ganization by the Trustees in 1866. About the time of the accession of President McCosh in 1868, a series of generous gifts from the Green family began. At this time the Library num- bered about 14,000 volumes, but by these gifts it grew rapidly until in 1873 it numbered more than 20,0Q0 volumes. At this time, also by the generosity of the Green family, the Chancellor Green Library building was erected, shelved, nominally for 100,000 volumes, and actually accommodating about 80,000. At this time the first permanent exclusive Librarian was appointed in Mr. Frederick A. Vinton, who had had large experience at the Boston Public Library and at the Library of Con- gress, and who proceeded at once to the removal of the books to the new building, and to reorganization. The Library was reclassified and a shelf list and subject catalogue made, the latter being completed and ready for printing in 1884. At that time the Library was said to number 60,000 volumes. Mr. Vinton introduced the card catalogue system, having both an author and an alphabetical subject list. By the time the subject catalogue was printed in 1884, the Library was already overcrowded, and the crowding went on until in 1888 Mr. Vinton was obliged to report the Library to the Trustees as overcrowded, have shelving erected in the cellar, and a considerable number of the less used books removed thither. Moreover, the books had been placed in fixed loca- tion, and the attempt to utilize the shelves under these circumstances resulted in a good deal of disturbance of the classified order and a good deal of alteration in shelf arrangement, so that the shelf list had been much dis- turbed. On Mr. Vinton's death in the winter of 1889-90, still farther adjustments of books were made, and on the accession of the present Librarian in 1900, the problem of reorganization had become pressing, but extremely difficult in a crowded building with growing collection. The first step in this reor- ganization, undertaken at once, but only brought to a climax this year, was, naturally, to bring the collection strictly into accord with the shelf list. This shelf list was then made the basis for an accessions catalogue, a consecutive number being put on the books included in the list, while those not shelf- listed, to the number of about 20,000, were written up in regular accessions catalogues. The various departments of periodicals, etc., having been mean- while adjusted to the enlarging problems, the problem of card catalogue was next attacked. The introduction of the standard card in place of a longer card formerly in use, and the fact that there was no card catalogue of the printed portion of the subject catalogue made it necessary to consult four alphabets in order to exhaust a subject reference and two to exhaust an 43 PRINCETON UNIVERSITY LIBRARY author reference. By cutting and pasting and some copying, the four sub- ject alphabets were first reduced to one, and later by the rude process of cutting the ends off the long cards and interlining the cut-off words, the author catalogue was brought into the same state. In the meantime, the Library was growing rapidly. The accessions had increased from 1,200 to 2,500 annually, and the Library, already crowded for ten years, was becoming more and more crowded. The cellar was nearly full of books, the reading-room accommodations had been reduced to noth- ing, and administration was located wherever it could find a clearing, when a generous friend, through the agency of M. Taylor Pyne, Esq., provided the sum of $600,000 for a new Library building. This new building is a hollow quadrangle, 160 x 155 feet square, connected with the Chancellor Green Library by the delivery room, 20 x 50 feet.. It is in English collegiate style of the fifteenth century, and allows of indefinite light and indefinite extension. It is equipped with the latest systems of heat, light and ventilation, with telephone, electric elevators, etc., and con- tains delivery room, stack room for one million volumes (of which one-half is now shelved), and about forty smaller rooms, ten for administration, six- teen for seminar work, etc. Moreover, the new building released the Chan- cellor Green building for reference work. The whole building, including the Chancellor Green Library, fully shelved has a capacity, i. e., shelf space for 1,250,000 volumes, which means, of course, to the Librarian, that it will probably be comfortably workable up to seven or eight hundred thousand volumes. In brief, the new building affords every facility for proper stor- age, administration and use. It was begun in 1896 and finished in 1897. Under the crowded condition of the old building, reclassification had been impossible. At the same time, it had become annually more and more neces- sary. The books having been arranged in a fixed location, classification had, through overcrowding, become pretty well annihilated. But while direct work had been impossible, lines had been laid for such work by the prepara- tion meantime of a new card shelf list of the whole Library, with the excep- tion of the (say) 30,000 unclassified books. With the abundant room in the new Library building, reclassification became at once possible, but was being made annually more difficult by reason of the avalanche of books which the new building brought with it. In the year of completion and transfer (1897-8) the accession rose to 5,000 books and 1,000 substantial pamphlets. The next year it numbered 12,000 volumes and 6,000 pamphlets. This year there have been added in eight months 23,000 numbers (including dissertations but not pamphlets) requiring regular cataloguing and classi- fication. In the spring of 1899, the removal having been fully accomplished and ordinary adjustments made, tentative experiments were made in the matter of reclassification, beginning with the Classical Seminary, and a method was 44 HISTORY OF THE LIBRARY developed. The cataloguing since 1890 had been substantially according to the A. L. A. rules in the Library School interpretation and according to the ordinary methods of the modern cataloguing, but of the books added before that time, though many were catalogued in an excellent, if not uniform, method, there were 20,000 or 30,000 volumes, old and new, which were not catalogued at all. The question was first considered whether it might not be best at once to recatalogue as well as reclassify the entire collection, but apart from the fact that there was no money in sight for either, it was decided that the work could be done more quickly and on the whole more thoroughly, with less disturbance to ordinary use, by making the problems of reclassification and recataloguing or catalogue revision entirely distinct. It was estimated that the interest on the $50,000 which would be required for complete recataloguing would itself nearly pay for the work of reclassi- fication, and far more than pay for all the title cataloguing — more than 100,000 cards at the least estimate — which would have to be done in the process of reclassification and verification. The method adopted contemplated, (1) a complete reclassification and card shelf listing of every accessioned book in the Library ; (2) the providing of a new author card and at least one subject card for every book (about 30,000 in all) not hitherto so treated; (3) the changing of numbers on all author and subject catalogue cards; (4) the comparisons of these cards with one another and the book to ensure, first, that all entries are correct, chiefly that the main entry shall be identical in shelf, author and subject catalogue; second, that each card shall bear the accessions number, and third, that the main author card shall have on the back a list of all subjects under which subject cards are provided. The method having been worked out in the spring, and the ground well cleared, tentative work was begun, nominally the first of August, on the basis of $1,000 given by a friend of the Library. At the meeting of the Trustees in October, it was reported by the Librarians as practicable, "with $5,000, (1) to entirely reclassify all the present working portions of the Library, (2) to make as much progress as possible with those portions for which no cards had ever been written." If this amount of money were obtained they proposed to push the work "at the rate of 20,000 volumes per month until the essential parts are done, when the rate may be slackened and the rest of the year given to completing and perfecting the work done." This estimate, it will be noted, did not make provision for the uncarded por- tions of the Librai-y, nor for the large amount of cataloguing required for the greatly increased additions to the Library. Through the active exertions of Messrs. Pyne, Green, Morgan and others, this amount of $5,000 was soon placed at the disposal of the Librarians, and on the 15th of November the work which had been going on at the rate of about 8,000 volumes per month was increased to the 20,000 a month, a rate which Avas maintained for three 45 PRINCETON UNIVERSITY LIBRARY months, when the rate was reduced to 10,000 per month. The 100,000 mark was passed on March 15th, and at the time of writing (April 20th) 115,000 volumes have been done. Although all the cards for these have not had their numbers changed, yet, on the other hand, the original promise to the Trus- tees involved only about 100,000 volumes classified, no books catalogued that there were then uncarded, and exclusively paper labels ; whereas, up to the present time, there have already been done 15,000 volumes more than prom- ised, most of which required carding as well as classification, and about 3,000 have had numbers gilded instead of tagged on. If the problem had ' stood still it would be now within ten thousand volumes of complete solution. Meantime, however, the number of articles received and calling for complete cataloguing and classification has been, including a collection of 17,000 dis- sertations, nearly 25,000. YT^hile these fall under a different head and are not involved in the original undertaking, a strong effort will be made to bring these into complete organization by August 1. As a matter of fact, nearly all except the dissertations have been already carded and classified and cards have been prepared for the dissertations. Tliere is every indica- tion, therefore, that before the expiration of the time set and the exhaustion of the money, there will have been completely classified and provided with shelf, author and at least one subject card, not less than 130,000 and perhaps 150,000 volumes, of which 30,000 (or 50,000) have been treated completely, except for accessioning. In brief, the work has already gone so far beyond the minimum promised as to give hope of the maximum hoped for, but any eagerness to make a record with the new material will not be alloM^ed to interfere with the com- pletion of the cards, the elimination of conflicts and the general rounding out of the work on the (say) 127,000 volumes of the original problem. The particular technical features of the oi)erations have been (1) careful preparation beforehand; (2) strict routine with division of labor, rigid sub- ordination of function, and careful assignment of task; (3) the discardal of minute and scrupulous carding for the ro.ugh title card. The routine is as follows: (1) Classification. In each group the work is done by the chief Librarian himself until the special assistant assigned to the class is familiar with the interpretation of its divisions. It is found that one classifier thoroughly familiar with the idea of the system ran number five to six and even ten times as many books as the average well-trained assistant. In the work of classification, the classifier reads off to an assistant the number, and this is written in in lead pencil in the inside front cover of the book. A rapid classifier, in work without snags, can keep two assistants writing in steadily, and can classify two to tliree himdred volumes per hour. (2) Hecond numbering of volumes. This is done by a corps of skilled work- ers, largely library school graduates, and consists in assigning the author number, date number, locality number, individual work ]iamber or biography 46 HISTORY OP THE LIBRARY number, as the case may be. It is, in brief, the complete number following the class number, and is written in in lead pencil like the first. (3) Prepara- tion of shelf list card either by withdrawing from the cards already done or writing a new one — in the latter case the work being done by a tolerably well trained cataloguer. (4) Blank-labelling — blank tag on outside and on upper left corner inside cover. (5) The crossing off of old and writing on of new numbers in ink, (a) on the card, (b) on inside tag, (c) on outside tag; also writing on of accessions number on back of card. (6) Verification. This is done by a corps which includes only those who are expert in rules of entry. The card is compared with the title, with inside and outside num- bering and with accessions number, and is withdrawn from book, which is then (7) turned over to the boys who return to shelves or take for gilding number on, as the case may be. (8) Cards are now alphabetized, and the corresponding card withdrawn from the alphabetical author catalogue. Cards are compared, all the entries made identical, the author cards returned to their places, while the shelf cards are arranged as shelf list. (9) Chang- ing numbers on subject cards. A considerable amount of this work was done by combining with author cards and doing all together, but the method v/as found uneconomical and unnecessarily disturbing to use, so that subject cards are now regarded as telling what the Library has, while the author cards tell where it is. When the term ends, however, all the remaining sub- ject cards will be re-arranged alphabetically by authors and the changes made by comparison with the author cards. In all cases where there are not author cards or subject cards, careful copies in disjointed library hand are made of the shelf card, and suitable subjects assigned. This completes the process, the result being the books classified, numbered inside and out, arranged on shelves and provided with (a) shelf list card, (b) author card, (c) subject card; — these cards having passed one or more times under the careful inspection of skilled entry cataloguers and contain- ing the essentials of description. Although very little analyzing or cross- referring is done, except where the cards were previously provided, or where the entries are essential, the cataloguing is complete in a sense and self- consistent. The verification feature of the routine is one on which great stress is laid, and however rigidly the work may have been done, no book goes to the shelves without having been inspected by a supposedly high class assistant. This by no means prevents mistakes, and there will be no doubt many errors to be eliminated, but the various cross-checking elements of the method are such that there have at least been eliminated a great many previous af5 well as current errors, and the net result has actually many of the characteristics of a catalogue revision. There are at least gained besides reclassification and besides the actual provision of say 122,000 new cards, (1) Unity of entry, so that the same card begins -with the sume v/ord in every p^aee, (2) The subjects are now written on the bacliR of each author 47 PRINCETON UNIVERSITY LIBRARY card. It is, therefore, possible at any time to take a class and assemble all author and subject cards of each book as it is revised and so carry on the complete work of revision in the most approved style without disturbing at all the routine of use. The chief Librarian is personally of the opinion, although not committing his colleagues or anyone else to the doctrine, that this careful revision should not be done at present, as this simple cataloguing answers most purposes perfectly well, and that we should wait for the per- fecting of some scheme of cooperative cataloguing such as is now being con- sidered by the Cooperation Committee of the A. L. A. and such as must come sooner or later and gradually replace our rough cards by these cards. The chief technical lesson of the work is that any library may be put into complete orderly business form, provided with a triple catalogue at a cost not exceeding 7 or 8 cents per volume. This result is not the same as that of careful cataloguing costing six or seven times as much, but for the net advantage of average use will yield at least 95 per cent., in our own case probably 98 per cent, of actual efficency over the other. In this case it is probable that by this simple method costing $6,000, we shall get 98 per cent, of the value of what would have cost $50,000, and for a longer time. The question raised is this. Is it worth while to let a library wait for five, ten, or twenty years, in an unfinished condition, waiting for money enough to do the thing on a complete scale, with all the incidental disturbance of use for so long a period, when it can be put into shape in a short time and with small means by simply regarding the work as invoice work and not as perfected cataloguing? THE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY IN 1905. Reprinted from Williams, J. R. The Handbook of Princeton. N. Y., 1905. p. 53-62. University Library, a Scsquieentennial gift from the late Mrs. Percy Riv- ington Pyne. Before describing the two buildings which together contain the library of the University, a short account of the origin and growth of this great collection of books may be of interest. Historical. The library undoubtedly began Avith the College itself. The first men- tion of it is found in a minute of the Trustees, dated September 26, 1750, authorizing President Burr to purchase a book-case for the use of the Col- lege. When Nassau Hall was built a few years later it contained a spacious library-room, planned on so ample a scale that when Congress met there in 1733 it was found to be nearly as large as the room which they had occupied in Philadelphia. In 1760 the College was possessed of a collection of about 1,200 volumes, m;\ny of which had lioon given by Governor Belcher. When 48 HISTORY OF THE LIBRARY Witherspoon came over from Scotland in 1768 he brought with him some 300 volumes presented by "sundry friends abroad" and gladdened the Trustees with the news that he was expecting ' ' another considerable collec- tion of books." Witherspoon also brought with him a young Scotsman, one Hugh Sim, whom he recommended as "a person of singular ingenuity and merit and well qualified to serve the interests of the College" in the offices of Librarian and Inspector of Rooms. Sim received these appoint- ments and was paid a yearly salary of "£5 together with his commons in College. ' ' He appears to have been the first regularly appointed Librarian. The outbreak of the Revolution proved a sore blow to the College in more ways than one. The old building was despoiled by friend and foe alike; books were carried away wholesale by the soldiers of Cornwallis and some of them were afterwards recovered in far away South Carolina. After the war a contemporary tells us that "what was left did not deserve the name of a library." No sooner, however, had the process of recuperation again furnished the College with a suitable library than the great fire of 1802 swept it away in the space of a few hours. Of over 3,000 volumes but a bare 100 were saved, and yet, such was the perseverance and untiring energy which these founders of the library displayed, that in less than two years they had once more gathered together a collection of some 4,000 volumes. In this undertaking they were most generously assisted by friends at home and abroad, and particularly by Dr. Willard, President of Harvard College, through whose influence Massachusetts contributed 744 volumes, a much greater number than any other state. During the next half century the library grew with the increasing power and influence of the College. In 1839 it numbered 8,000 volumes; in 1856, 9,313 ; and in 1868, about 14,000 volumes, as yet without a separate building or an adequate endowment. In 1868 Mr. John C. Green, a benefactor of the institution in many ways, created the Elizabeth fund for the purchase of books, which yields $3,000 a year, and shortly afterward erected a library building which he named in honor of Chancellor Henry WoodhuU Green, of the Class of 1820. Prior to 1868 the only considerable gift of money which the library had received was a legacy of $1,000 left by President James Madison, a pupil of Witherspoon 's. The interest which Mr. Green and the members of his family have taken in the welfare of the library accounts very largely for its rapid growth during the last forty years ; in this period it has grown from 14,000 volumes to 185,000 at the present day. The renewed interest awakened in the library through the gift of a magnificent new building in 1896 is undoubtedly responsible for the great increase in recent years, the gain during the last decade alone exceeding 90,000 volumes. The total number of bound volumes, exclusive of duplicates, now in the library, is 185,000, and there are in addition some 50,000 unbound periodicals, pam- phlets, and manuscripts. The present yearly rate of accession is approxi- mately 10,000 volumes. 49 PEINCETON UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Descriptive. The two buildings, the Chancellor Green Library and the New Library- Building, which has been architecturally combined with it, together form the University Library. The Chancellor Green Library, a gift from Mr. John C. Green, was erected in 1872 at a cost of $120,000. It consists of a central octagon connected by passageways with two wings of a similar form, the extreme length from wing to wing being 160 feet. The central octagon, 64 feet in diameter and 50 feet in height, was originally planned to provide a shelving space for 100,000 volumes. "When, upon the occasion of the Sesquicentennial, provision was made by a friend of the University for a new building with space for 1,200,000 volumes, the Chancellor Green building, long crowded beyond its calculated capacity, was found to be admirably adapted to the uses of a working library, and has since then been refitted throughout with the most modern system of heating, lighting, and ventilation. The New Library Building, which forms the eastern side of the quadrangle, was erected in 1897 at a cost of $650,000 and is one of the largest and most splendidly equipped college libraries in the country. It is constructed from Longmeadow stone in the Gothic style of Oxford, and is connected with the Chancellor Green building by a main entrance hallway in which are located the card catalogues and the delivery desk. The northern and southern wings, known as the "stacks," contain shelving space for 500,000 volumes each, the total estimated capacity of the united buildings being about 1,250,000 volumes. In the eastern and western wings are the administration rooms and the seminaries,— rooms furnished with special libraries and set apart for the purposes of advanced study. Ornamenting the western tower are the statues of President Witherspoon, President McCosh, James Madison, of the Class of 1771, Richard Stockton, of the Class of 1748, and Oliver Ells- worth, of the Class of 1766. The designs for the Library were prepared by William A. Potter, of New York, the architect of Alexander Hall and of other Princeton buildings. Entering the Library, the visitor will find in the hallway which connects the two buildings the author and subject card catalogues and the delivery desk where account is taken of the books that are borrowed and those returned. On the left is the Chancellor Green building, recently refitted as a reading room, containing the standard and latest works in all departments and especially adapted to the purposes of study. Here may be found a col- lection of some forty thousand volumes, chiefly those in general circulation, and a very complete list of the best periodicals. The desk of the Reference Librarian, whose office is to assist investigators to the sources for their work, is also here. This desk is connected by telephone with all parts of the Library so that any book in the stacks may be sent for and delivered at the reader's table. In the western wing is the meeting room of the Trustees 50 HISTORY OF THE LIBRARY of the University ; opposite in the eastern wing are the offices of the Dean of the Graduate School and the Secretary of the University. The Trustees' room is open to visitors except on the days of stated meeting. The exhibition room, across the hallway in the new building, contains the following special collections : The Morgan Collection of Virgils, presented by Junius S. Morgan, Esq., '88. This fine collection includes many rare and valuable editions and is the largest of its kind in this country and one of the largest in the world. Among its treasures is the first edition of Virgil, the editio princeps, printed at Rome in 1469 and one of the rarest books in existence. Another famous volume in the collection is Grolier 's own copy of the poet, printed and bound by him in 1541. The collection numbers in all some 659 volumes and is valued at more than $50,000. The William Horace Morse Collection of Japanese netsukes (small carv- ings), comprising 475 examples, the great majority of which are in ivory. This collection, valued at $10,000, is a gift to the University from the family of the late William Horace Morse, and is now temporarily exhibited in the Library. The Button Collection of Death Masks, presented to the University in 1897 by the late Laurence Hutton. This unique collection of "portraits in plas- ter ' ' is the largest and finest in the world and the only one, in fact, that may be dignified by the term collection. Mr. Hutton became interested in death masks in the early sixties, when he was then living in New York. One afternoon in a bookstore he saw a mask of Benjamin Franklin that had been found in an ash barrel on Second avenue and on exploring this barrel discovered another mask of Franklin, one of Wordsworth, one of Scott, and one of Cromwell, also casts from the skulls of Robert Bruce and Robert Burns. With these Mr. Button's collec- tion was begun. The mask of Dean Swift is the only one in existence. It was originally the property of Trinity College, Dublin, but was stolen from the College Library in 1853. A large reward was offered for its return, but nothing was ever heard of it. Several years ago Mr. Hutton came across this rare mask under a pile of rubbish in an old curiosity shop in London. The most valuable mask in the collection is that of Sir Isaac Newton. It was made by Roubilliac and is one of two in existence. The original is in the rooms of the Royal Society, at Burlington House, London. The collec- tion numbers in all some seventy-four masks. In addition to these collections there are many other things of interest in the exhibition room. Against the eastern partition and near the entrance hangs the Doctor of Laws diploma conferred upon James Madison by the College in 1787. About the walls are the framed congratulatory letters, from institutions of both the old and the new world, addressed to the Uni- versity upon the occasion of the celebration of her one hundred and fiftieth 51 PEINCETON UNIVERSITY LIBRARY anniversary. Among the portraits now in the exhibition room may be noted one of Judge "William Paterson of the class of 1763, a framer of the Consti- tution and one of Princeton's most noted sons, which faces the entrance from the south wall, bequeathed by his grandson. Judge William Paterson of class 1835; a portrait of ex-President Francis Landey Patton, by John W. Alexander, west wall ; and one of James Ormsbee Murray, first Dean of the University, north wall. In one of the cases near the entrance may be seen an interesting collection of Prineetoniana, including the Madison family Bible which records the birth of James Madison; the original manuscript copy of Madison's speech, delivered upon the occasion of his inauguration as President of the United States, March 4, 1809; President Edward's He- brew Bible; a manuscript sermon in the autograph of President Burr; and an exhibit of early College publications. In another case at the farther end of the room is an exhibit of letters and publications relating to Aaron Burr, the younger, of the Icass of 1772. The large case against the western wall contains in part a series of autographs of many of the early presidents of the College, as well as those of some of her more noted sons, and a set of the exquisitely printed publications of the Grolier Club. The cases in the cen- tral part of the room at present contain an interesting collection of Baby- lonian and Assyrian seals and tablets, and those against the southern wall an exhibit of early illuminated texts and manuscripts, and papyri. Upon public occasions, such as Commencement and the days of the big games, it is customary to allow a limited number of persons, accompanied by a guide, the privilege of visiting the stacks and the tower. From the tower a splendid view may be had of the University grounds and buildings, the town of Princeton, and the surroimding country, which will fully com- pensate the visitor for the fatigues of the ascent. In descending to the main floor the visitor will have an opportunity of examining the construction of the great book-cases or "stacks." These stacks, built after the Library Bureau's system, consist of five stories, each story being seven and one-half feet high. The construction is of iron, steel, and glass, except the shelves, which are of wood. The stacks are practically a solid unit from the bottom to the top of the building, each book-ease being circled by the glass "decks" which form the floors and which permit of an equal diffusion of light. These decks do not extend quite to the side walls, thus allowing a free circulation of air which is furnished by forced ventila- tion, thereby insuring an even temperature in different parts of the building. The stacks are built upon what is known as the "open end" system, by which the shelves are supported upon brackets instead of resting on pins or bars at each end. By means of a set-screw, they may be easily adjusted at any desired height. Wood has been used for the shelves because polished metal was found to be too slippery, or when roughened, too wearing on the books. The light and graceful structure of the open end sj^stem, the white 52 HISTORY OF THE LIBRARY enamel and glass, and the admirable amount of light, have produced an exceptionally attractive stack from the technical standpoint. In the basement below the main hallway is located the printing and bind- ing room, where under skilful direction the work of the Library in these departments is being most successfully carried on. A glimpse of this room may be had from the ground floor of the stack. In addition to those already enumerated, the building contains some forty rooms, ten of which are devoted to the purposes of administration, sixteen to seminary work, and fourteen to machinery and other uses. The administration rooms, not gen- erally open to visitors, are located in the northeastern corner. They iuclude rooms for the Librarian and for the ordering and cataloguing departments. The seminary rooms for advanced study and instruction in the methods of research are a special feature of the new Library. They are primarily intended for the graduate student and within their quiet bounds a majority of the graduate courses offered in the University are conducted. They are provided with special libraries and are separately endowed. Although not usually open to visitors, the seminaries may be seen during vacation by securing permission at the desk. Among the special collections in the Library, not before enumerated, are the following: The Pierson Civil War Collection, presented by John S. Pierson, Esq., '40, numbering 4,671 volumes, 1,500 bound periodicals, 2,500 unbound periodicals, and including also several thousand clippings. The second largest collection of books and papers relating to the Civil War in this country. Location : stack, fourth floor. The Pyne-Henry Collection of Manuscripts relating to the history of the University, presented by M. Taylor Pyne, Esq., '77, and the Hon. Bayard Henry, '76. 1,356 documents. Location : Chancellor Green Library. The Princeton University Collection, including the large collection of Princetoniana presented by Professor William Libbey, '77. 3,585 volumes. Location : stack, fourth floor. The Garrett Collection of Oriental Manuscripts, consisting of 1,770 docu- ments, chiefly in Arabic, deposited for the present in the University Library. Location: Northwestern corner, second floor, left. The Garrett Collection of Coins, deposited in the Library by Robert Gar- rett, Esq., '95. This collection, embracing also specimens from many foreign countries, contains one of the most complete series of American coins in the country. It also includes a number of medals commemorative of notable historic events and persons. Access may be had to these collections only by special permission of the Librarian. The building is open from 8 A. M. until 10 P. M. during term time, and from 9 A. M. until 1 P. M. in vacation. 53 THE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY IN 1915-16. Extract from the Princeton University Catalogue, 1915-16. Ernest Gushing Richardson, Ph.D., Librarian George Dobbin Brown, Ph.D., Reference Librarian Henry Bartlett Van Hoesen, Ph.D., Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books Howard Seavoy Leach, A.M., Reference Assistant Miss Charlotte Martins, Superintendent of Purchase Miss Letitia Nassau Gosman, Superintendent of Catalogue Walter Rue Cottrell, Superintendent of Circulation David Walter Duffield, Superintendent of Printing and Binding Miss Jane Wright, Art Reference Librarian Miss Rebecca Sarah Cawley, Department Librarian, Guyot Hall Miss Florence Louise Hurd, Department Librarian, Economies The Library began V7ith the College, Governor Belcher, the patron of the College, directing his especial attention and interest to it, and leaving to it his collection of 474 volumes. When the first catalogue was printed in 1760, the Library consisted of about 1,300 volumes. It was increased largely in the sixties, but was decimated during the Revolution and in 1796 numbered only 2,300 volumes. It was partly destroyed by fire in 1802, but shortly afterward its size was fully restored by gifts. In 1816 it numbered 7,000 volumes ; in 1839, 8,000 ; and in 1850 it had advanced to 9,313 volumes. In 1868 it contained but 14,000 volumes, without separate building or librarian. The Chancellor Green Library. In 1868 the Elizabeth Fund for the purchase of books was created by John C. Green, Esq., and soon afterward he erected a library building (in 1872-73) named in honor of Chancellor Green. This Chancellor Green Library building, fitted throughout with the most modern system of heating, ventilation, and electric lighting, is the working library of the University for undergraduates, containing the standard and latest works in all depart- ments and especially fitted for study. In addition the Chancellor Green Library contains the following special collections : The Charles Ewing Green Alcove. The alcove facing the public entrance to the Chancellor Green Library has been set aside as a memorial to the late Charles Ewing Green, LL.D., Class of 18G0, for many years a Trustee 54 HISTOEY OF THE LIBRARY of the University, and, as the administrator of the John C. Green estate, one of Princeton's most generous and consistent benefactors. To commem- orate the active interest which he always took in the Chancellor Green Library as well as in the general library development of the University, the late Mrs. Charles E. Green erected in this alcove a memorial tablet, and placed upon the shelves books on classical philology. There are 3,300 vol- umes in this collection. The Class of 1878 Library of Chemistry, established and endowed in 1889, numbering 224 volumes, distributed among the collections relating to tliis sabject. Location : alcoves Y and Z, gallery. The Class of 1883 Library of Political Science and Jurisprudence, founded and endowed in 1893, contains 1,056 volumes. Location : alcove X, gallery. The Class of 1889 Library of American History, established and endowed in 1899, contains 1,077 volumes. Location : alcove C, main floor. The Bower Collection, a selection of books mainly on History and Litera- ture from the library of the late Laurence Poster Bower, Class of 1896, which contains 3,489 volumes. Location : alcove H, main floor. The European War Collection, consisting of 1,755 books and pamphlets relating to the European war. Location : alcove D and tables, main floor. The Mrs. J. 0. H. Pitney Collection of International Law and Diplomacy, presented by Mrs. John Oliver Halsted Pitney. 187 volumes. Location . alcove X, gallery. The Pyne Library Building. The Chancellor Green building having long been crov/ded beyond its calcu- lated capacity, provision was made on the occasion of the Sesquieentennial by the late Mrs. Percy Eiyington Pyne, for a new building with a capacity of 1,200,000 volume,s, besides adequate administration rooms, twenty rooms for instruction and research, and a large room for the exhibition of rare books. This building, of Longmeadow .stone, in the Oxford Gothic style, forms a hollow quadrangle of about 160 feet square, connected Avith the Chancellor Green Library by a delivery room, of 50 by 20 feet. It is fitted with modern improvements in heating, ventilation, stacks, electric elevators, interior telephone, etc., and has shelves at present sufficient for about 500,000 volumes. On the exterior of the western tower gateway are statues of President Witherspoon and President McCosh, James Madison, Class of 1771, fourth President of the United States, and Oliver Ellsworth, Class of 1766, second Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court. The Central Coileetion. The general collection, which occupies the united buildings, consists of 353,845 volumes and 86,608 unbound periodicals and pamphlets. It includes in addition to those already mentioned, the following special co]lect;o7:s : 55 PRINCETON UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Special Collections. The Autograph-Manuscript Collection, relating chiefly to the history of the University. This includes the Pyne-Henry collection, the Abbott papers, the Hunt papers, the Miller papers, the Maclean papers, recently presented by the Misses Maclean, and miscellaneous, 6,404 documents. Location: The Morgan Collection of Virgils, presented by Junius S. Morgan, Esq., '88. 672 volumes. Location : exhibition room. The Pierson Civil War Collection, presented by John S. Pierson, Esq., '40. 6,701 volumes; 2,580 unbound pamphlets; including also several thousand clippings. Location: stack, fourth floor. The Paton Spanish War Collection of newspapers and magazines, pre- sented by "William Agnew Paton, Esq. 70 volumes. Location : stack, fourth floor. The European War Collection. (See under the Chancellor Green Library.) The Princeton University Collection, including the large collection of Princetoniana presented by Professor "William Libbey, '77, also the Wither- spoon collection (259 volumes) and the Cleveland collection (132 volumes). 6,927 volumes. Location : stack, fourth floor. The Class of 1875 Library of English Poetry and Drama. 2,485 volumes, exhibition room, distributed among the collections relating to these subjects. The Music Library, founded by Rudolph E. Schirmer, '80, John W. Gar- rett, '95, and Lewis F. Pease, '95. 3,921 volumes and about 3,700 pieces of sheet music, located in alcove R, Chancellor Green Library, and stack, third floor. The Gan-ett Collection of Oriental Manuscripts, consisting of about 2,400 manuscripts, chiefly in Arabic, but including 75 manuscripts in twenty-five other languages, e. g., Latin, Greek, English, Persian, Pali, Javanese, Chi- nese, Japanese, etc., deposited in the University Library. This collection is most exhaustive and includes books on law, medicine, mathematics, natural sciences, poetry, history, biography, geography, travels, rhetoric, grammar, and lexicography, as well as works on the Mohammedan religion and the exegesis of the Koran. Location : northwest corner, second floor. The Collection of Cuneiform Documents, consisting of approximately 520 items at the time of its foundation by M. Taylor Pyne, '77, Junius S. Morgan, '88, and others ; and enlarged in 1913 by 623 tablets presented by Professor R. B. Briinnow, Robert Garrett, '97, Cyrus 11. McCormick, '79, M. Taylor Pyne, '77, Russell W. Moore, '83, and others ; and by thirty-five tablets pre- sented by "Wilfred J. Punk, '09, and George "W. Gilmore, '83. Location: exhibition room. The Willard Hall Porter Law Library, presented by Mrs. "Willard Hall Porter and her son, "W. H. Porter, Jr., 1903. 1,800 volumes. Location : stack, fourth floor. 56 HISTORY OP THE LIBRARY The Pliny Fisk Statistical Library, presented by Pliny Pisk, '81, consist- ing of about 5,000 volumes, 13,000 pamphlets, 39,000 broadsides, letters, etc., and several hundred thousand clippings mounted on about 70,000 classified sheets. Location : southeast corner, fifth floor. The Samuel Miller Collection, presented by Samuel Miller Breckinridge Long, 1903, in memory of Judge Samuel Miller Breckinridge, '50. 1,200 volumes distributed through related subjects. The Patterson Collection, consisting of 1,003 Horaces and other rare and choice books, presented by Robert W. Pattdrson, Esq., '76. Location : exhi- bition room. The Bergen Collection, consisting of 179 rare and choice books, chiefly modern, presented by the Rev. G. S. Bergen in memory of his son, Ernest G. Bergen, '95. Location : stack, fourth floor. The Ivy L. Lee Collection, consisting of about 85 books on Russia, pre- sented by Ivy L. Lee, '98. Location : stack, first floor. The Whig Hall Collection, consisting of 4,163 volumes, presented by Whig Hall, distributed through related subjects. The Clio Hall Collection, consisting of 3,036 volumes, presented by Clio Hall, distributed through related subjects. The Nelson Collection of New Jerseyana, deposited in the University Library by the Hon. William Nelson. This consists of 2,520 volumes and pamphlets relating to the history of New Jersey. Location: stack, fourth floor. The Collection of New Jersey Imprints, consisting of 233 volumes, pre- sented by the Hon. William Nelson. Location : stack, fourth floor. The Collection of Books for the Blind, consisting of 95 volumes, English, Greek and Latin. Printed in American Braille and New York Point. Loca- tion : stack, fourth floor. The Paton Collection of Oriental Philology and History. (See "Semitic Seminary" under "Seminary and other Special Libraries.") Special collections, other than of books or manuscripts, are : The Garrett Collection of Coins, deposited in the University Library. This collection, embracing also specimens from many foreign countries, contains an unusually fine series of American coins. In addition to the coins that have been used for money, the collection includes many medals commemo- rative of notable historic events and persons. The Hutton Collection of Death Masks, presented by the late Laurenctj Hutton, A.M., 80 masks. Location: exhibition room. The Hutton Memorial Collection, consisting of several hundred books, autographed portraits, paintings, etc., from the library of the late Laurence Hutton, A.M. This collection was left by Mr. Hutton to trustees to be put in some safe place for a permanent memorial and was presented by them to the University. Location : exhibition room. 57 PEINCETON UNIVERSITY LIBRAEY The Meirs Collection of Cruikshankiana, deposited in the University Library by Richard W. Meirs, '88. This consists of 794 volumes of Cruik- shankiana, with 621 broadsides, original water color drawings, oil paintings, autograph letters, etc. The editions are unusually choice as to condition; the unique drawings and manuscripts numerous and of historical import- ance. Location : exhibition room. Seminary and Other Special Libraries. Certain rooms in the Pyne Library building are available for the use of the seminaries, organized under the rules of the Faculty for "the develop- ment among our higher students of independent scholarly ability by exten- sive advanced study and training in the methods of original research." Several rooms have been assigned and provided with special libraries, partly by loan from the main collection, but chiefly by special endowment and purchase. The following have been established : The Philosophical Seminary. Founded by Mrs. C. B. Alexander (ethics), and by the Class of 1882 (logic and metaphysics). 1,962 volumes; 1,526 theses. Location : southeast corner, first floor. The Economic Seminary. Founded by the Class of 1888. 3,980 volumes, and the Pliny Fisk Statistical Library. Location: southeast corner, first floor, and fifth floor. (See "The Pliny Fisk Statistical Library," under "Special Collections.") The Political Seminary. Founded by various alumni and friends. 870 volumes. Location : southeast corner, second floor. The Classical Seminary. Founded by a friend of the University. 8,187 volumes; 22,314 theses. The Classical Seminary at present occupies five rooms in the southwest corner of the building. The Latin Pro-Seminary. 200 volumes. Location : Room 43, McCosh Hall. The English Seminary. Founded and supported by Charles Seribner, Esq., '75. 2,899 volumes; 1,136 theses. Location: northwest corner, first floor. The Romance Seminary. Founded by the Class of 1890. 3,187 volumes ; 1,803 theses. Location : northwest corner, first floor. The Mathematical Seminary. Founded by the late John L. Cadwalader, '56; Professor M. Allen Starr, M.D., LL.D., '76; David B. Jones, Esq., '76; Thomas D. Jones, Esq., '76; Chandler W. Riker, Esq., '76, and the Hon. Adrian Riker, '79. 3,261 volumes; 1,937 theses. Location: northwest cor- ner, second floor. The Historical Seminary. Founded by Mr. and Mrs. M. Taylor Pyne in memory of Robert Stockton Pyne. 4,004 volumes. Location: southeast corner, second floor. The Germanic Seminary. Founded by the Class of 1891, and including the library of the late Professor Willard Humphreys. 3,140 volumes ; 1,808 theses. Location : southeast corner, first floor. 58 HISTORY OF THE LIBRARY The Semitic Seminary. 8,125 volumes, including the Paton Collection of Oriental Philology and History of 4,292 volumes deposited by David Paton, '74. Location : stack, west tower, fifth floor, and room adjoining. Department Libraries. These are libraries selected from the general collection and kept in prox- imity to the corresponding laboratories. The following are organized : Art; the Marquand Collection, presented by Professor Allan Marquand, '74, consisting of 6,541 volumes on the history of art. In the Art Museum. Astronomy; containing at present 1,551 volumes and 595 theses. In the Working Observatory. Biology (including Botany and Zoology) ; founded by Charles W. McAl- pin, '88, and supported largely by Mr. McAlpin and the "Frank Hartley Memorial Fund." 13,266 volumes; 731 theses. In Guyot Hall. Geology and Palaeontology ; 6,762 volumes and 493 theses. In Guyot Hall. Engineering; including the Class of 1878 Library of Engineering; 866 volumes. In the School of Science Building, second floor. Physics; the Brackett Library, presented by the late Stephen S. Palmer, David B. Jones, '76, and Thomas D. Jones, '76, containing 2,248 volumes. In Palmer Physical Laboratory. Use of the Library. The Library is open from 8 A. M. to 10 P. M. on weekdays and from 12 M. to 5 P. M. on Sundays during term time. It is open on weekdays from 9 A. M. to 1 P. M. in vacation. Books may be drawn by all officers and students of the University and Theological Seminary, and by any person properly introduced. The number of books which may be taken is limited to three in the case of undergrad- uates, with the exception of seniors, who may take five. Officers, Fellows, and graduate students may take any reasonable number. Books may be kept by undergraduates for two weeks, by Fellows and graduate students for four weeks, and by officers for any reasonable time. All books may be renewed when due, unless wanted by someone else. Fines are charged at the rate of two cents a day on all books kept over- time. If an overdue book is wanted at the Library for any reason, it may be sent for and a charge of ten cents for messenger made. Postal cards are sent as a reminder of books overdue only when the books are wanted by others. No books may be drawn while there are unpaid fines. Summary of Libraries. University Library 353,845 Hall Libraries 5,500 Theological Seminary Library 100,416 Total (exclusive of pamphlets and duplicates) 459,761 59 REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN August 1, 1914— JWy 31, 1915 Princeton, Oct. 16, 1915. To the President and Trustees of Princeton University. Sirs : — The Librarian has the honor to submit the following report for the year ending July 31, 1915. The AccessioHS of bound volumes amounted to 41,239 (33,143 regular, 4,783 deposits, 3,313 to be recorded). Pamphlets numbered 21,375; maps, engravings, museum objects, etc., 1,305; and the circulars and sheets of newspaper clippings belonging to the Pliny Pisk Statistical Library, esti- mated at 109,000. This is a grand total of 172,919 items, of which 62,614 are volumes and pamphlets. It is exclusive of many thousands of newspaper clippings and circulars not yet sorted or arranged. 14,824 of the bound volumes were acquired by purchase, as against 9,787 last year; and 21,632 by gift, as against 4,696 last year. A list of some of the more considerable gifts is given in the Purchase Department report. The reason for this unprecedented increase is to be found in part in the 5,000 volumes increase of additions by purchase, but mainly in the series of gifts of special collections; the Bower bequest (3489 volumes), the Cook Chess collection (2067 volumes), the Pliny Pisk Statistical Library (5000 volumes, besides pamphlets and clippings), the deposits of David Paton and William A. Paton (4292 volumes). The David Paton collection of books on Egypt and Eastern Asia, the Cook collection of Chess Literature, and the Pliny Pisk Statistical Library, are all collections of great distinction in their several lines. The additions to the Meirs collections have also been distinguished. The Total of the Library, exclusive of circulars, sheets of clippings, book- sellers' catalogues, etc., is 449,702 items, of which 373,224 are bound vol- umes, including 16,383 deposits. The excluded items amount to 111,000, still excluding about 100,000 miscellaneous pamphlets and odd-number periodicals, which are partly organized by being arranged alphabetically. The Expenditures were $57,100.66, as compared with $54,029.64 last year. Of this, $21,923.16 was for books and binding, as compared with $20,440.38 the previous year. The expenditure for salaries was $23,690.12, as compared with $21,589.50 last year ; for building, $8,388.16, compared with $8,591.97 last year ; and for office expenses, $3,098.64, compared with $3,407.79. The increased means came from the increased tuition fee. The decrease in mis- cellaneous expenses was because it was necessary to economize on supplies 60 HISTOEY OF THE LIBEARY and furniture in order to add to clerical help for handling the unprecedented accessions. The Circulation was 71,984, an increase over last year of 10,724. This Library borrowed from other libraries 38 volumes more, and loaned to them 7 less than last year, borrowing 113 and lending 40. Sunday Opening. The Reading Eoom was open 33 Sundays, the average attendance being 43. There is a frequent request to have at least precep- torial books accessible on Sunday. The Reference Work included, besides the usual personal reference work and instruction in the use of the Library, the sending out of 825 letters, cir- culars, and enclosures, gathering material for the list of Faculty publications, preparing reference lists for 41 debates and 67 reserve courses. The Cataloguing Work included 34,939 accessions entries and 57,821 card entries. The increase in routine work, as compared with that of last year, as indicated by the comparison of main entry cards — 10,723 works against 9,107 last year. Owing to the fortunate circumstance that the David Paton books and the Pliny Fisk Statistical Library had special catalogues of their own, it has been possible to put almost the whole regular accessions of the year in some kind of catalogued form, although in some cases this had to be limited to a simple brief -title card in the author catalogue. The Library usefulness, of course, requires that sooner or later both the Paton and Fisk collections should be represented in the general catalogue as well as in the special, and it is due to these superb collections themselves that they should at least have certain moderate adjustments and improvements of their cata- logues. The plain fact that 41,239 volumes were received this year against 14,483 last, and that the Library organization was increased only to the point of handling 16,000 volumes, speaks for itself — it means that at least 30,000 volumes are catalogued in less thorough fashion than the normal standard. The Census shows that 67 volumes which have been missing for five years or more have turned up during the past year. Of these 14 have been missing since 1910, 18 since 1909, 7 since 1908, 5 since 1907, 4 since 1906, 5 sinc'e 1905, 3 since 1904, and 1 since 1903. The number of books mislaid or lost annually increases with the increase of students and the multiplication of courses. It is not affected greatly by the increase in undergraduates, but is greatly affected by the increase in the number of graduate students and professors who have access to the Seminary Rooms and the Stack. "With the report this year is given an analysis of the location in which the various losses or mislayals occur. This shows that the losses from the open shelves in the Chancellor Green Library amount to only one-fourth of the total. The comparative table of losses and recoveries from 1903 to 1915 shows very clearly that the chief trouble lies in the taking of books without charging by professors and graduate students. There is a small percentage of books 61 PEINCETON UNIVERSITY LIBEART unscrupulously taken by undergraduates from the Chancellor Green, and in a few cases without intention of returning, but the evidence shows that in most cases it is carelessness, rather than malice. The actual situation is probably indicated by the fact that of the 2548 volumes missing in the census of 1903, only 80 volumes are still missing. That there should be as many as 1814 volumes missing at this date seems to many unnecessary and alarming. It is certainly aggravating and injurious to work that there should be so many as this which cannot be located by the administration at the given moment, but University efficiency must choose between the system of liberal admission to the books, with frequent annoying mislayals and some loss, and the old system of passing all books over the counter, and no one who seriously considers the matter, hesitates between them, although with a strict system of passing over the counter the mislayals might be reduced almost to zero. The Printing Department printed 154,108 impressions from 444 forms of type, 1,000 copies of an information pamphlet, and 20 to 25 copies of five finding lists. The Binding Department bound for the Library 3,109 volumes and 303 pamphlets, prepared 4,091 pamphlets in folder binders, and gilded numbers on 24,787 volumes. The cost M-as $3,376.77. It did binding also for other departments of the University to the amount of $649.21. The need for new books which has been pressed upon the attention of the Trustees for two or three years past by the Faculty was thoroughly can- vassed by a conference committee from the Faculty and Trustee Committees. This committee called upon the professors to make their need clear by fur- nishing definite lists of realized immediate needs. The lists which were handed in indicated a total of urgently realized need of about $200,000, distributed as, first urgency, $50,000; second urgency, $58,000; third urg- ency, $96,000. On this showing, the committee figured that $25,000 in addition to funds already available would meet the most urgent needs for the coming year, and this amount Avas accordingly provided by the Trustees. It was the belief of the committee that this amount vreuld be needed annually and would for the present, at least, meet reasonable demands. The Building problem has become more pressing still by reason of the extensive additions of the year, the need of special rooms for international law and mediaeval history. The gift of the Pliny Fisk Library included also the cost of furnishing a Seminary Room on the fifth floor, and of adapt- ing a room taken from the Stack in the Bast Tower, borne by Mr. Fisk. The Semitic Seminary was fitted up at the expense of Mr. Green. The administration problem neoesiiarily increases with every increase of students, professors, courses, books and methods of using the Library. The increase in graduate students last year, the additions of new professors and courses, especially in International Law, Economics, and Mediaeval History have increased demands on the Library staff considerably. The increased activity in methods has also made a very considerable demand, e. g., the 62 HISTORY OF THE LIBRARY opening of the Art Museum in the evening, supervision of Engineering Library, and other special libraries, the transfer of books from and to the special libraries, and the revision of classification to meet the demands of the latest methods in use. The amount of this demand is not easily measure- able in hours, but is very considerable. It may be estimated that to properly care for the number of books and other items added last year in excess of the year previous would be for books, sixteen clerks, at an average salary of $500 ; and for pamphlets, etc., the care of newspaper clippings, etc., three or four more clerks — or, in other words, that it would take about 35,000 or 40,000 more hours work than there were means to pay for during the year. There is real need of an assistant reference librarian, a clerk to super- vise department libraries not having special librarians, a clerk in the Pur- chase Department and three cataloguers. Student help was a large factor in handling the extraordinary situation of last year. Thanks to Mr. McAlpin and other friends, and in connection with the Commons problem, 9,790 hours work was provided by the Bureau of Self-Help, and it was this largely which kept the Library from being swamped. For two years now the Library has had the benefit of this help and has been able to perform service otherwise impossible, especially in the way of improving work previously done by short-cut methods. It is a matter of very serious regret to the Library, that owing to the change in the Commons plan, this help will not be available this year unless special means are forthcoming. A circular has been issued, calling attention of friends to the fact that there is no better method of self-help than this which helps the student and at the same time helps the Library. Special acknowledgements are due in this report of three collections given during the year. The first of these is the Pliny Fisk Statistical Library, which consists of 5,000 volumes, 13,000 pamphlets, 38,000 circulars, and 60,000 sheets of mounted clippings in the field of railway finance chiefly. It was the working library of Messrs. Harvey Fisk & Sons and was given by Mr. Pliny Fisk of the Class of '81. The gift included the very handsome furnishings of the rooms, and the services of a librarian for one year. It is regarded as the most complete working library in its specialty owned by any university. The Cook collection of Chess Literature was left by Mr. Eugene B. Cook ex-1850 and presented according to his wish by his heirs through the agency of J. W. R. Besson, Class of '92. The David Paton collection of books on Egyptology and Assyriology is a working collection of about 2500 volumes and transforms what was one of the poorest equipped departments into one of the very best and one equalled by few, if any, university seminaries in the country. Its value is very greatly increased by the presence of Mr. Paton and his Secretary, through whom the collection is kept yery thoroughly up-to-date and in working order. Respectfully submitted, E. C. RICHARDSON, Librarian. 63 PRINCETON UNIVERSITY LIBRARY = = o j= c g « i; 5 X « S Cq O M W O M Hitiratp 1916 Souvenirs of the War in Europe. Presented by Ridgely Lytle, '13. Princeton, N. J. THE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 1916 This collection of war relies was gathered during the first two years of the war by Mr. Kidgely Lytle of the Class of 1913, delegate in the province of Luxembourg of the Commission for Relief in Belgium and later member of the American ambu- lance in Prance. It was very fortunate that this catalogue of the collection could be made, practically, entirely, by Mr. Lytle himself, dur- ing his recent visit to Princeton. H. B. VAN HOESBN, Curator of mss. and rare books. Souvenirs of the War in Europe. Presented by Ridgely Lytle, '13. List of Exhibits. Addresses of gratitude delivered on the occasions of demon- strations in honor of the American delegate of the province of Luxembourg LYT Dep5944-48 1. Les Slaves des Soeurs de Notre Dame. St. Hubert, May 7, 1915. 2. Comit§ local de slhoufk et d'alimentation de Hautfays. Hautfays, July 29, 1915. Signed by the president. 3. Les 616ves de I'Scole des fiUes d'Hatrival. Hatiival, Mar. 16, 1915. 27 autograph signatures. 4. "Soupe de guerre. Mai 15" [191 — ] 5. Les petits garcons d'Hatrival. Hatrival, Mar. 22 [191—]. 19 autograph signa- tures. American ambulance insignia LYT Bxl477 White enameled shield with red cross, at one time worn on the khaki American ambu- lance cap, but later replaced by a bronze insignia of "wings", with American ambulance instead of red cross. Bronze letters A. A. originally worn on uniform collar. (The use was not continued.) Balisaux, Andree. Poems of a nine-year-old Belgian girl LYT Dep5976-79 1. Le Courageux Soldat part pour la guerre. 2. La guerre est dGclarfi. 3. La Pa trie en danger. 4. La Bataille. Bayonet and scabbard. French LYT Exl452 Four-edged, and a blade of about twenty inches. The scabbard is rounded with ball at end. Used in the battle of Verdun, probably in the French advance in Bois de Cail- lette. Brought bark to Revlgny by a wounded soldier who carried it, and given to an "American ambulance driver" there. Belgium. (Territory under German occupation, 1914 — ). Pass-port issued by the German government in Belgium for an American delegate of the Commission for Relief in Belgium to cross the frontier into Holland LYT Dep5972 Belgium. (Territory under German occupation, 1914 — ). Pass-ports of an American delegate in Belgium. LYT Dep5970-71 1. Mitfahrerlaubuis fiir kraftwageu. 2. Passlerschein. Signed by the "■Oberleutnant" in Brussels. Belt. French soldier's belt LYT Exl451 Partly cloth, strongly woven, and partly leather, given by a French wounded soldier to an "Anieriean anihulance driver" in whose ambulance he w^as being carried. Was worn on the battlefield at Verdun. 77 PRINCETON UNIVEBSITY LIBRAEY Belt buckle. German LYT Exl489 Belt buckle worn by German infantrymen. The design is the German imperial crown, and the words are "Gott mlt una*'. This was taken off a German killed in Neuf- chateau, Lus;£mbonrg, Belgium. Signed by the chief constable. Beret. Alpin chasseur's beret (97) LYT Exl454 French beret (corresponds to Scotch "tam o' shanter") worn by "Chasseurs Alplns", regiments devoted to service in the V'osgea Mountains. Dark blue one exchanged by wounded chasseur from Verdun for an American ambulance cap. Insignia of the 97th regiment (hand grenade). Beret. Chasseur Alpin beret (59th regiment) LYT Bxl455 Light blue (new style) "■beret" worn by a member of the 59th regiment brought back wounded from Verdun. These "Chasseurs Alpins" are probably Prance's best fighting regiments, and were employed verj' much in the Verdun attack. Bullets. Machine gun bullets LYT Exl441 Bits of nvachine gun bullets, which exploded when Zeppelin L Z 77 burst into flames on being brought down by the French at Revigny, February 21st, 191C. Found on the spot where the Zeppelin descended. Button. A'meriean ambufence button LYT Exl467 l)rfl«s coat button with cross as Insignia, worn by members of the American ambu- lamce In tht- French service. Button. French engineers' button LYT Exl465 Coat button with emblem of the engineer branch of the French army, a helmet over a culraws (emblem adopted by Napoleon). Given by a wounded engineer in the American hospital at JUillly, France. Button. French infantry button LYT Bxl496 Large brass button, from Zouave khnki uniform, given by a French soldier at Juilly. Button. French infantry button LYT Exl495 targe gray button, given by u French soldier at Juilly. Button. French infantry button LYT Exl468 Small gray button, eut off fpnm a discarded bloody eoat of a French soldier brought baclt to Revigny after tlie battle of Verdnn. I Button. French marine button LYT Exl491 Given by a wonnrtert French marine who fell on the property of "La Cialreau" to Count dc Briey, In wliose chateau the .■soldier was cared for. Later given to an American delegate. Button. German infantry button LYT Exl490 Hearing the imperial crown of Germany. Given by a wounded German soldier to Count rte BrIey. and later to an American delegate. The German fell at La Cialreau near Ethe, Luxembourg. August, 1911. >^iain.au, Cap. French eabot LYT Exl494 lan,1"dI™r''aTE:X",y%ra"c.':." ™"'"'- ^ "'^ "'"' "''"''"'^ "> '«' ^°'«''™" ■>-"•'■ 78 LYTLE WAR RELICS EXHIBITION. Cap. French infantry cap LYT Exl445 Oia-fashloned cap (kepi) with number thirteen embroidered on the front, indicating "13th Infantry regiment". This cap went through, the battle of Verdun until the owner was wounded and brought back to Revlgny. The owner offered up his cap in gratitude for cigarettes given him by "an American ambulance driver". Cap. White cap worn by soldiers with head wounds. LYT Exl492 From Verdun, Red cross hospital service. Cap worn by chauffeur of the American ambulance in France. LYT Dep6056 On the front ie the bronze insignia of the A. A. Cartridge. Belgian LYT Exl485 Rifle bullet secured at Waterloo, Bel^um. Old-type cartridge. Notice the blunt edge, in contrast to the modern French and German cartridges. Cartridge belt. French LYT Bxl453 Leather straps and cartridge holders (three) of a Fren«h private who fell at Verdun and was brought baclc to Revlgny. On the bacli of one cartridge pocket, he has written: "151e inl'ry, 9e bataillon, 36e compagnie;*^08. Orayere Derrien'* (name baclEwards). O^rtridg'es. Clip of five German infantry cartridges. LYT Exl486 Clip of five Gorman infantry cartridges given by a German wounded soldier to Count de Briey, governor of Luxembourg at the time of the German invasion, and later pre- sented to the American delegate of the province. The chftteau of Count de Briey was used for wounded soldiers. Cartridges. Clip of three French cavalry cartridges. LYT Exl487 Given to Count de Briey by a wounded French soldier who was iwlng cared for in the former's chateau. Later given to the American delegate. Count de Briey was active in the relief work at Virton, southern Luxembourg. There was fighting on his property. Cartridges. Two French bullets and an empty cartridge. LYT Exl488 Picked up in the battlefield of Luchy near the Chfltenu de Roumont, headquarters of the American delegate of the Relief commission, by the American delegate, June, 1915. Chant de reconnaissance LYT Dep5968 Sung at the school of Notre Dame, St. Hubert, province of Luxembourg, on the occa- sion of a demonstration to the American delegates. Cigarette lighter. French LYT Exl460 Made by a soldier who had returned from the battle of Verdun to Revlgny, for an "American ambulance driver". Made of two German rifle shells. The copper piece is part of a Zeppelin L Z 77 brought down at Revlgny. These lighters are most practical and generally used in the trenches. Comite de secours et d'alimentatien du Luxembourg. Eeport drawn up by the delegates of the province of Luxem- bourg of economic and social conditions in the province. LYT D^p5942 Commission for relief in Belgium. Letter heads.LYT Dep5939-41 1. Rotterdam office. i!. Uruspol'^ offii-e. 3. Pi\)viiii-ial office, Luxcmbeurg. 79 PEINCBTON UNIVERSITY LIBRAEY Commission for relief in Belgium. D. S. Letter of identity and recommendation made out by the "Commission for relief in Belgium" for a delegate about to enter the service. This enabled him to go to Belgium. LYT Dep5981 Signed by the chairman. Convoy whistle LYT Exl463 Whistle used by "an American ambulance driver" connected with the French army, and stationed at Revigny for the Verdun attack. Ambulances travel in convoys, and whistles are used in signalling. Documents concerning the incident of Thursday, June 24th, at Marche, in the province of Luxembourg LYT Dep5936-38 1. Report of the delegates of the province of Luxembourg, accompanied by a letter by the director of the Commission for relief in Belgium, sent to the Governor of the province of Luxembourg, relative to an automobile accident. 2. Technical report. 3. English translation of 1. Food tickets. Durbuy : ' ' Bons ' ' for food LYT Dep6011-13 Food tickets made on old picture post cards to serve the emergency. Signature of Conipte d'Ursel, President du ComitC Regional. 1. Ardennes Beiges: L'Ourthe en Aval. 2. Route venant de Rome et Barvaux. 3. Vu du Cois de Ohapely. France. Consulate. London. D. S. Annexe du passeport LYT Dep6062 I.isuod to an Araericjin ambulance driver at London, Dec. IG, 1915. It has the French and English seals of Dieppe, Folkestone and London. Signed by the consul general. France. Consulate. London. D. S. Passport LYT Dep6063 Issued to an Amcri.an ambulance driver for passage to and from France. Signed by the consul general, France. Legation. Great Britain. D. S. Certificate issued to a member of the American ambu- lance to enable him to go to France LYT Dep6060 Signed by the deputy secr(!tary of the emba'Jsy. Franco. Ministere de la guerre. D. S. Ordre de mission LYT Dep6064 I.-supd for an Ameri-^an ambulance driver, March 8, 191G Signed by tlie deputy of the uuder-secretary of state. France. Office des sections sanitaires etrangeres. L. S. April 6, 1916, to Ridgley Lytle LYT Dep6057 Signed by Captain Aujay, head of the foreign ambulance sections of the French army. Gas mask and case. French Lyt Ex1447 flt Tl^'btl?''t?,''"thT IZY^''" ," """■ "'■ *«""'">«« S«BSlos, resembling motor goggles which nt tlglitly to the chad, anil an arrangement of cotton battinc liounri in S„iiL^„A tectod by oiled cloth, which lits over' the mouth and , 1 inTh? ?„ , '^ , *"'! P™" 80 LYTLE WAE RELICS EXHIBITION. Gas-mask can. Bullet-ridden gas-mask can LYT Exl449 A gas-mask bolder with tbree large and one small shell holes received In the battle of Verdun. It belonged to Sergeant Pasquinet, 17th compagnie, S25th regiment, who was either severely wounded or killed. Given to "an American ambulance driver" at Bevigny. Gas-mask case (old style). French LYT Exl448 A trlangular-sh&ped cloth case to hold gas-mask apparatus. It has straps by which the case Is attached to the soldier's belt. These straps are no-w" replaced by a tin case. Used by RfinG Le Sergent and given to "an American ambulance driver" at Revigny. Head-dress of a French Red cross ntirse LYT Exl493 Worn by an American Red cross nurse at the American hospital, JulUy, France. Helmet. French LYT Exl443 Steel head-piece (casque) painted war-gray, with the ensign of the infantry, a flaming hand grenade with the letters R. F. (Rfepublique francaise) on it. The weight is about two pounds. The owner's name written under the vizor is fille Lamy. A bullet hole through the vizor. Brought back to Revigny by wounded soldier from the battle of Verdun. Helmet. French helmet, with covering LYT Exl444 steel head-piece with dust-colored cloth sun-covertng, worn chiefly on the march or on sentinel duty to prevent the metal from absorbing beat. Used in the battle of Verdun and brought back to Revigny by wounded Infantryman. Identification book. French soldier's identification book. LYT Bxl479 Picked up on the battlefield of Luchy, the heart of the Ardennes forest in the province of Luxembourg, by the American delegate of the Commission for relief in Belgium eight months after the owner had fallen. A surprise and slaughter of a French artillery attach- ment took place there. Identification tag LYT Exl464 Used by "'an American ambulance driver" at Revigny. It is worn on the wrist and bears the name of the wearer on one side and the military number on the other. Every French soldier wears one. Identification tag of a French soldier LYT Exl466 Given by a wounded French soldier (wounded in the battle of the Champagne, Sep- tember 25th-29th, 1915), a patient in the American hospital at Jullly, to "an American ambulance driver*'. Bmile is his name, and he enlisted from Valenciennes, northern France, still in German hands (July 1, lOlG). Juilly. Mayor LYT Dep6059 Safe-conduct pass issued to an American ambulance driver to go to Senlis and return (zone of the army), Jan. 13, 1916. Leather cap of French cannon LYT Bxl450 Pound on under side of barrel of "120-long" (French field piece) after the Battle of Verdun, where the same gun had been practically shot to pieces. The leather cap was protected during the battle, but was studded with scattered bits of shells. These are still visible. Picked up at Revigny. Letter from Belgian lady asking the American delegate of the province of Luxembourg to locate the graves of French offi- cers who virere members of her family, and who had fallen in Belgium, August, 1914 LYT Dep5982 81 PRINCETON UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Letter of a Belgian young lady to " an American delegate ' '. LYT Dep5980 This young lady had lust her old father, who was seized by a party of German soldiers ■while the fathur and daughter were out walking. Her father was shot. Her brother was killed in the Belgian ranks at Namur. Letter sent from a wounded French soldier at the American hospital at Juilly to an "American ambulance driver" in a special field section at Revigny LYT Dep5984 Letter written by an eighteen-year-old French soldier while at death 's door in the American hospital at Juilly . LYT Dep5985 The letter is a requeKt for liiw family to come and see him. He has not seen them for fll'tfH-n months. The letter was returned undelivered. The family later received it and came, and the boy immediately began to improve. Letters of gratitude to an American delegate in the province of Luxembourg, Belgium, January-August, 1915. LYT Dep5949-67 "La Libre Belgique". Extracts LYT Dep5974-75 1. Bedl Bizzionaire de Boehe du Dr. Kolossaal Kandido. 2. Le petit Prinre Soldat. Treasonable Belgian Journal published in spite of German conquest. Luxemburg, Belgium (Province) Comite provincial de secours et d 'alimentation. Secours-travail. Reglement. n. p. 1915. 14 p. 24.4x15.7™. LYT Dep6052 iiuxemburg, Belgium (Province) Comite provincial de secours et d 'alimentation. Secours-travail Wateringue. Reglement. n. p. 1915. 14 p 24.4 X 15.7™ LYT Dep6053 Luxemburg, Belgium (Province) Comite provincial de secours et d 'alimentation. Si'cours aux indigents. Reglement. n. p. 1915. 9 p. 24.4 x 15.7""' LYT Dep6054 Luxemburg, Belgium (Province). Civil governor, 1914 Letter of recommendation for use of an American delegate of the C. R. B. in the province of Luxembourg, Belgium, grant- ed by the civil governor of the province of Luxembourg. LYT Dep5973 Luxemburg, Belgium (Province). Military governor, 1914r— A. L. S. addressed to the Commission for relief in Belgium by the military governor of the province of Luxembourg. ,,,„., , LYTDep5943 Lytle, Richard Ridgely. Photographs taken in the war zone in Prance and Belgium 1914-16 LYT WE08.605 82 LYTLE WAR RELICS EXHIBITION. Lytle, Ridgely. Report on the arrest of two American delegates of the Com- mission for relief in Belgium in Laroche, province of Luxem- bourg LYT Dep5935 Medal. Gold medal with inscription: "Comite de secours et d'aSi- mentation, 1914-1915, a M. R. Lytle, delegue de la C. R. B. la Belgique reconnaissante. " LYT Dep6069 Medal. Medal made of 1914 Belgian 20-frane goldpiece. Presented to the American delegate by the town of Porrierres.LYT Dep6070 Metal. Piece of a church near Verdun LYT Bxl484 Small bit of a cburch that was subjected to German and French fire in the fighting near Verdun. Presented to "an American ambulance driver" by an Algerian Zouave who rode alongside him to the hospital at Kevigny. Money. Bar-le-Duc fifty centime note LYT Exl471 Issued as war money by the Chamber of commerce of Bar-le-Duc, a small city about twenty miles from Verdun, and twelve miles from Revigny. This note corresponds to an American ten-cent piece, but is only valid in the war zone. Money. Bar-le-Due one franc note LYT Exl470 Issued by the Chamber of commerce of Bar-le-Due and in circulation around Verdun. Bar-le-Duc and Revigny were main munition and supply centers during the Verdun attack. Money. Belgian five franc note LYT Exl474 Issued by "La Soci6t6 gfinCrale de Belgique". It is written in French on one side and Flemish on the other. It says: "The present note will be errhanged against a note of a bank of the same standing as the Banque nationale de Belgique at the latest three months after peace is concluded". Money. Dutch two and one-half gulden note LYT Exl476 Issued by the Ministry of finance of tlie Netherlands, March 30, 1915. It is equivalent to an American dollar. Money. German two mark note LYT Exl475 Issued by the Imperial debt commission (Reichaschuldenverwaltung) of the German empire at Berlin, August 12th, 1914 (about a week after the beginning of hostilities). These notes are circulated in Belgium, particularly in the eastern part, as commonly as Belgian note. Procured in Belgium by a delegate of the Commission for relief in Belgium. Money. Nancy one franc note LYT Exl469 Issued by the Chamber of commerce of Nancy, and in circulation near the front in northeastern France, during the war of 1914-1916. Secured at Revigny by "an American ambulance driver". Money. St. Dizier one franc note LYT Exl472 Issued by the Chamber of commerce of St. Dizier, a tOAvn about twelve miles south of Revigny. This small paper money is as good as coin in the war zone of Verdun, but valueless elsewhere. Oxford, Eng. Police. D. S. Feb. 16, 1916. Certificate of registration of an alien. Issued to a Rhodes scholar at Oxford LYT Dep5969 Signed by the chief constable. 83 PRINCETON UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Paper-cutters. Two paper-cutters made of German shells. ^ LYTBxl481-2 Paper-cutters, 18.5 and 31 cm. long; made from fragments of large calibre German shells flred at the fortifications of L16ge In August, 1914. The large one gives an idea of the size of these great siege shells. Photograph. American delegates in Belgium LYT Dep60i4 Delegates of the "American commission for relief in Belgium" standing by the C. R. B, automobiles during the first winter of the relief worlt. At that time the delegates wore allowed to fly the American flag on their autos — since forbidden. (See back of picture for German seal.) Photoffraphs. American hospital at Juilly, France. LYT Dep6028-6037 1. Group of wounded and American nurses. 2. Interior of ward with wounded. 3. Christmas celebration, 1915. 4. Christmas celebration, 1915 (sign at top says "Bon Noel aux Docteurs et Infirm- iaires". 5. Group of wounded at recreation. 6. Two wounded out for an airing. 7. Group of conviik's^onts. S. Group of wounded in front of hospital. 9. Commissary ronvoy of French army in front of church on the way to the "front". 10. Group of soldiers, fully equipped, on their way to the "front". Photographs. Battlefield of Luchy, Luxembourg, Belgium. LYT Dep6038-40 1. Large j^rave holding between seventy-five and ninety French and German soldiers. 'Z. yiugle grave of a clead French soldier in brush at edge of wood. 3. Scvcial graves of French and Genuan soldiers in underbrush. Story: A French artillery detachment was on its way to join an infantry regiment at Ocliamps, LnxL-mbourg, In August, 1914, when it was surprised and cut to pieces by flermnn trnoijs who were ambu,-;li(_^(l in the woods on both sides of the road. It was a fight to the finish. The Hols de Luohy (Ardennes) was the scene. Postage stamps. German-Belgian postage stamps. LYT Exl478 Ten-rcntime stomps Issued by the (icrman empire for use in Belgium. Were originally ten-pfennig stamps, hut now are stamped "Belgien, 10 Centimt-s". thus indicating that Belgium is a German province. Post card and photograph views. Chateau de Koumont. LYT Dep6041-6043 ■1. Approach tu Chftteau. '1 A'icw from tlie front. 3. Di.stant views from llie rear. Storj : CIiAteau de Itouiimnt was the only building In the provimc of Luxembourg to lly till- American flag, being the home of the American delegate of the Commission for relief. Post cards. Brabant-le Roi : Zeppelin LYT Dep6023-6026 1. Heap of aluminum frame-work. 1. UroUen prripcllcr, etc. 3. Imaginative picture of the French anti-aircraft men bringing down Zeppelin 1. Picture of a Zeppelin. Made out of a piece of silk from the envelope, and a bit of metal from tlie frame-work. (See description with piece.) Post cards. Champfleury (von Kluck's headquarters). LYT Dep6045-6051 1. Intf'rleur du bureau. 2. Salle de billard pulverise par les obus. 8. Tin salon apr^s le Iwmhardement. 1. Maifion rt'habitation de la I'erme. K.xterlor of farm house where von Kluck had his headquarters, n. Ce qui resto des f-tablos (near von Kluck's headquarters). 6. T^n coin des bfltiments de la ferme api'&s le passage des Allemands. 7. Poligny: Ferine ineendi6e. This neli,'Iil«:rIiood was the high-water mark of the Gentmn advance under General von Kluclc. The Battle of tlu^ Marne began here, continuing five or six days the German troops gradually retreating back to Die positions held the greater part of the war 84 LYTLB WAR RELICS EXHIBITION. Post cards. Correspondance des armees de la Republique. LYT Dep5998 Six post cards used by the French soldiers at the "front". Post cards. L'Incendie de Louvain LYT Ex2100-2111 1. Panorama. 2. Place de la Gare (c«t6 gauche). 3. Place de la Gare (c0t6 droit). 4. Aead^mle des Beaux Arts. 5. Entree du Theatre. 6. Les Halles aux Bouchers. 7. Salle d*audience du Palaia de Justice. 8. La cloche de la Cathfidrale St. Pierre. 9. Vieui marchfi. 10. Grand' Place. 11. Place dea Bouchers. 12. Rue de Namur. Taken immediately after the destruction, and confiscated by the German authorities. This collection was sav^d by Baron Orban, Post cards. Louvain (before the burning) . . .LYT Dep5999-6010 1. H6tel-de-Vllle. 2. Panorama. 3. BlbllothSaue de rilniversite. 4. BgUse St. Pierre. 5. Rue de la Station vers la Gare. 6. La Gare. 7. Place et Rue de la Station. S. Les Halles. Salle des Fas Ferdus. 9. Abslde de I'EgUse St. Pierre et HStel des Postes. 10. Le Tleux maroh^. 11. Chateau d'HCverie. 12. Le Caual et I'BntrepSt. Post cards. Revigny (Meuse) LYT Dep5988-97 1. Vue g^ngrale avant le bombardement. 2 copies. 2. Rue de Vitry aprSs le bombardement du 6 au 12 Septembre, 1914. 3. Rue de Vitry aprfes le bombardement. (Another view.) 4. Hotel de Ville et Rue de Bar-le-Duc apr^s le bombardement. 5. li'hatel de Ville. (Another view.) 6. L'Eglise. (A life-sized statue of Christ on the Cross was all shot away except hands and feet.) 7. Les Baraquements: HOtel d'Evaeuatlon. American ambulances brought the wounded to this temporary hospital. 8. Entree et monument du Cimitl^re Mllitaire. 9. Cimlti^re Mllitaire. The dead from the HOpltal d'Evacuation were buried here. Post card. S. A. R. Monseigneur le Prince Leopold de Belgique, Due de Brabant LYT Dep6027 (See manuscript of Le Prince Soldat.) Post cards. Views of Senlis (Prance), September, 1914. LYT Dep6014-6022 l.~ Le Mur de I'Hfipital bombardi^ par les AUemands. 2. La Licome: Rue Bellon et Rue Rougemaille. 3. Malson du Capitalne Fenwlck du 2e Hussara. 4. Les Ponts et Chauss^es. 5. Rue de la Rfipublique. 6. La Llcorae: Rue Bellon et Rue Rougemaille. (Another view.) 7. Rue de la Rfipublique. 8. Tombe de M. Odent, Maire de Senlis, fusllie par les Frussiens dana la plaine d« Chamant (fitat actuel). 9. Rue Gambetta incendl^e par les AUemands. Story: Senlis came in the path of the German Invasion In the advance on Paris. Terrorism was the policy. Post cards. Ypres (war 1914, 1915, 1916) LYTDep5986-7 1. La eathCdrale St. Martin avant et apr^s le bombardement. 2. Halles d'Ypres pendant I'incendie du 22nd Nevembre, 1914. Sent to "an American ambulance driver" by a Belgian officer at the front 85 PEINCBTON UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Poster. 28.4 x 39.5°"° LYT Dep5934 "Taisez-vous ! Mfifiez-vous! Les oreiUes ennemles vous ficoutent. Prescription de la circulaire du miuistre de la ^erre en date du 28 octobre 1915." Tbis warning against German spies was posted all over France. Red cross arm band LYT Exl456 Worn on left arm of all members of the Red cross or ambulance branch of the armies in Prance. This one was used by a member of the American ambulance section of the French army stationed at Revigny during the Verdun attacli. Red cross. France. Gomite de Londres. D. S. Mar. 7, 1916. Ordre de mission LYT Dep6058 American ambulance men from England go under the auspices of the French Red cross of London. Revolver. French officer's revolver and holster. LYT Exl442 Brought back to Revigny from the battle of Verdun February , 1916. The officer was badly wounded and probably captain of the 69th infantry regiment. Rings. Aluminum war rings LYT Exl473,1497-99 Ornamental ilngs made from the aluminum parts of German shells by French soldiers, by means of a rln,.o i^f «n^i, — „ „..j ,,_ ijnproved on tlie scenic suli Lee. Life of Shakespeare) -— .— ■■..-.^.. ....- w,,.w.v.,, L.irti oiwiivKr.ijettic w iicnievenicnt is aencient in quality. Pope was the first to indicate tlie place of each new scene and he unproved on tlie scenic suli-divislon made li;, Itowe, Shakespeare's Brst editor, (From S 08 SHAKBSPEAEE EXHIBITION. Shakespeare, William. The works of Shakespeare . . . collated with the oldest copies, and corrected with notes. . .by Mr. Theobald. London, Printed for A. Bettesworth and C. Hitch [etc., etc.] 1733. 7v. .3925.1733 Pope found a rigorous critic in Lewis Tbeobald, wlio, although contemptible as a writer of original verse and prose, proved himself the most inspired of all the textual critics of Shakespeare. In dealing with admitted corruptions Theobald remains unriv- alled, and he has every right to the title of the Porson of Shalsespearean criticism. (From S. Lee. Life of Sbaliespeare) Shakespeare, William. The works of Shakespear . . . carefully revised and corrected by the former editions, and adorned with sculptures . . . Ox- ford, Printed at the Theatre, 1743-44 [v.l, 1744]. 6v. .3925.1744 Edited by Sir Thomas Hanmer. Tlie fourth editor was Sir Thomas Hanmer, a country gentleman without much literary culture, but possessing a large measure of mother wit. Hanmer founded hia edition on the work of Pope and Theobald and he adopted mauy of their conjectures. He made no recourse to the old copies. At the same time hia own ingenuity was re- sponsible for numerous original alterations and in the result he supplied a mass of common-sense emendations, some of which have been permanently accepted. (Fi-ora S. Lee. Life of Shakespeare) Shakespeare, William. The works of Shakespear. . .genuine text. . .is here settled: Being restored from the blunders of the first editors, and the interpolations of the two last: with a comment and notes. . .by Mr. Pope and Mr. Warburton. . . London, Printed for J. and P. Knapton [etc., etc.] 1747. 8v 3925.1747 Bishop Warburton, a friend of Pope, produced an edition In 1747, on the title-pages of which he joined Pope's name with liis own. He is credited with a few sensible emen- dations, but such improvements as he introduced are mainly borrowed from Theobald or Hanmer. On both these critit-y he arrogantly and unjustly heaped abuse In his preface. Most of his reckless clianges defied all known principles of Elizabethan speech, and he justified them by arguments of irrelevant pedantry. (From S. Lee. Life of Shakespeare) Shakespeare, William. The plays of William Shakespeare. . .with the corrections and illustrations of various commentators ; to which are added notes by Sam Johnson. London, Printed for J. and R. Tonson [etc., etc.] 1765. 8v 3925.1765 Textually Dr. Jobnson's edition does not show any great advance, but in hia preface and elsewhere lie displays a genuine, if occasionally sluggish, sense of Shakespeare's greatncsp, and his ma.ssive sagacity enabled him to indicate convincingly Sliake ape are's triumphs of characterization. (From S, Lee. Life of Shake.speare) Shakespeare, William. Mr. William Shakespeare his comedies, histories, and trag- edies ; set out by himself in quarto, or by the players his fellows in folio, and now faithfully republish 'd from those editions; with an introduction: whereunto will be added. . .notes. . . various readings . . . London, Printed by Dryden Leach, for J. and R. Tonson, [1768] 3925.1768 K-lited by Edward CapcU. The seventh editor, Edward Capell, advanced on his predererswors in many respects. He was a ilnmsy writer, but Jiis collation of the Quartos and the First and Second Folios was conducted on more thorough and scholarly methods than those of any of his fore- runners, not cxi-epting Theobald. lie also first studied with care the principles of Shakespeare's metre. (From S. Lee. Life of Shakespeare) 99 PRINCETON UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Shakespeare, William. The plays of William Shakespeare. . .with the corrections and illustrations of various commentators ; to which are added notes by Samuel Johnson and George Steevens. The second edition, revised and augmented . . . London, Printed for C. Bathurst, W. Strahan [etc., etc.] 1778. lOv 3925.1778 George Steevens made invaluable contributions to Shakespearean study. His revision of Johnson's edition was published In 1773. Steevens' antiquarian knowledge alike of Elizabethan history and literature was greater than that of any previous editor; his cita- tions of parallel passages from the writings of Shakespeare's contemporaries, in elncida- tion of obscure words and phrases, have not been exceeded in number or excelled in apt- ness by any of his successors. All commentators of recent times are more deeply in- debted in this department of their labors to Steevens than to any other critic. (Prom S. Lee. Life of Shakespeare) Shakespeare, William. The plays and poems of William Shakespeare . . . collated verbatim with the most authentick copies, and revised with the corrections and illustrations of various commentators : to which are added an essay on the chrenological order of his plays, an essay relative to Shakespeare and Jonson, a dissertation on the 3 parts of Henry VI, an historical account of the English stage and notes, by Edmond Malone . . . London, Printed by H. Bald- win, 1790. lOv. in 11 3925.1790 Edmund Malone, who lacked Steevens' quick wit and incisive style, was a laborious and amiable archaeologist, without much ear for poetry or delicate literary taste. He threw abundance of new light on Shakespeare's biography and on the chronology and sources of his works and made the first rational attempt to ascertain the order in which the plays attributed to Shakespeare were written. (From S. Lee. Life of Shakespeare) Shakespeare, William. [Shakespere-quarto facsimiles.] Lond. [1880-91] 43v. Contents. no.l Hamlet. . .1. quarto. lf!03. no.2 Hamlet... 2.quarto. 1604. no. 3 Midsummer night's dream. , .1. quarto. IfiOO. no.4 Midsummer night's dream. . .2. quarto. IGOO. no.3 Loves labors lost. 1598. no.6 Merry wives of Windsor. 1002, no.7 Merchant of Venice. . .1. quarto. IfiOO. no. 8-9 King Henry the Fourth. 2pt. 1585-lGOO. no. 10 Passionate pilgrim. lo99. no.ll Richard the Third. 1597. no.l2 Venus and Adonis. 1593. no. 13 Troilus and Cressida. 1C09. no.l4 Much adoe about nothing. 1600. no. 15 Taming of a shrew. 1594. no.16 Merchant of Venice. . .2.quarto. 1600. no. 17 King Richard the Second. . .1. quarto. 1597. no. 18 King Richard the Second. . .1. quarto. 1597. no. 19 King Richard the Second. . .S.quarlo. IfiOS. no.20 Life and death of King Richard the Second. 1634. no.21 Pericles. . .1. quarto. 1609. no. 22 Pericles. . .2.quarto. 1609. no.23-24 Whole contontlon. 2pt. 1619. no.25 Romeo and Juliet. . .1. quarto. 1597. no.26 Romeo and Juliet. , .2. quarto. 1599. D0.27 King Henry V. . .l.quarto. 1600. no.28 King Henry V. . .S.qiuirto. 1608. no.29 Titus Andronicus. 1600. no.SO Sonnets. 1609. no.31 Othello... l.quarto. 1G22, no.32 Othello... 2.quarto. 1630. no.33 King Lear... l.quarto. 1G08. no.34 King Lear. . .2.quarto. 1G06. no. 35 Lucrece. 1594. no.SO Romeo and Juliet. . .undated quarto. no. 37 First part of the contention, l.quarto. 1594. no.88 True tragedy. . .l.quarto. 1595. 100 SHAKESPEARE EXHIBITION. no.S9 Famous victories of Henry the Fifth. 1598. I1O.40-41 Troublesome ralgne of John, king of England. 2pt, 1591. no.42 Kichard the Third... S.quarto. 1«02. no.43 Richard the Third. ..6. quarto. 1622 3925.1880 Of Shakespeare's plays there were printed before his death In 1616 only sixteen pieces (all in quarto) These quartos, which sold at flvepence or sixpence apiece, were publishers' ventures, and were undertaken without the cooperation of the author. The publication of separate plays was deemed by theatrical shareholders, and even by dramatists, injurious to their interests. There is no evidence that Shakespeare assumed any personal responsibility for the printing of any of his dramas, or that any play In his own handwriting reached the press. (From S. Lee. Life of Shakespeare) 3. SHAKESPEARE ILLUSTRATIONS BY GEORGE CRUIKSHANK. The second sketch of the first appearance of Wm. Shakespeare on the stage of the globe. Signed George Cruikshank, 1863. An original drawing in water colors, pen and pencil. Meirs Collection. Cruik 2004 All the world's a stage. "The Globe Theatre ... April A° 1564 ... The birth of Shakespeare." "Designed by George Cruikshank. Jany. 1863 and this drawing made by him in 1864 & 5. " Meirs Collection. Cruik 2005 Othello and Desdemona. Signed Geo. Cruikshank, 1833. Original drawing in sepia Meirs Collection. Cruik 1948 Macbeth and the witches. Signed Geo. Cruikshank, 1837. An original pen and ink wash drawing. Meirs Collection. Cruik 1953 [A midsummer night's dream.] Bottom, watching the dance of Titania. Signed G. Ck. Original oil painting on board . . . Meirs Collection. Cruik 1901 [A midsummer night's dream.] Bottom and Titania. Signed Geo. Cruikshank. Original sketch in oil Meirs Collection. Cruik 1902 [A midsummer night's dream.] Act 3, Scene 1 : " monstrous ! strange ! we are haunted. Pray, masters ! fly, masters ! help ! ' ' Bottom, with an ass 's head, coming into the open from among the trees ; Puck coming up in the rear ; Quince, Snug, Flute, Snout and Starveling run- ning off in terror. Signed Geo. Cruikshank. Original water color Meirs Collection. Cruik 1985 101 PRINCETON UNIVERSITY LIBRARY [Merry wives of Windsor.] Two trial sketches for Act 5, Scene 5. Falstaff, disguised as Heme, Mistress Ford and Mistress Page. The second sketch has other figures added in the background. Pen and ink sketches, with autograph directions in pencil. Meirs Collection. Cruik 1998 Sir John Falstaff, Knight. Signed Geo. Cruikshank. Unique proof worked upon by the artist. Meirs Collection. Cruik 1998A [Sir John Falstaff disguised as "Mother Prat", cudgelled and driven out by Mr. Ford. Merry Wives of Windsor, Act 4, Scene 2.] Water color drawing Meirs Collection. Cruik 1997 [The prince & Foins driving Falstaff, Gadshill, Peto, & Bar- dolph from their plunder at Gadshill. 1st part of Henry VI, Act 2nd, Scene 2nd.] Original water color Meirs Collection. Cruik 1996 Brough, Robert B. The life of Sir John Falstaff . . . with a biography of the knight from authentic sources by Robert B. Brough. London, Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans, and Roberts, 1858. Meirs Collection. Cruik 275 20 etf'hlDgs and a full-page woodcut by George Cruiksbauk. Illustrations for The life of Sir John Falstaff. (Reid, G. W. A descriptive catalogue of the works of George Cruikshank. London, 1871. 3v. Nos. 2609-2628). Meirs Collection. Cruik 075 Shakespeare, William. The library Shakespeare. Illustrated by Sir John Gilbert, George Cruikshank, and A. Dudley. London, Mackenzie, [187—] 3v Meirs Collection. Cruik 310 4. SHAKESPEARE'S SOURCES. Bandello, Matteo, 1480-1561. . . . Le novelle del Bandello. Lucca [etc.] Per il Busdrago [etc.] 1554-73. 4pt W. A. Paton deposit First edition. Vol. i, nov. VII. The source of T-welfth Night. Vol. 4, nov. XXII. Tile sunrce of Much ado about nothing, Giovanni Fiorentino. II pecorone. . .nel qvale si contengono cinqvanta novelle antiche, belle d 'inventione et di stile. Vinegia, Appresso Parri, 1566 W. A. Paton deposit Ptrst etiitlon. Sourct* of Merchant of Venice. 102 SHAKBSPBAEB EXHIBITION. Giraldi Oinzio, Giovanni Battista, 1504-1573. Degli Hecatommithi. . .Nel Monte Regale, 1565. W. A. Paton deposit First edition, Parts 1-2. 5th tale, Stli decade. Source for Shakespeare's Measure for Measure. 7th tale, 3d decade. Source lor Othello. Masuccio, Salernitano, 14207-1500? Le einqvanta nouelle . . . intitolate il Nouellino nouamete co somma diligentia reuiste. . . [Vinegia, 1531] "W. A. Paton deposit First edition. Source for Homeo and Juliet. Porto, Luigi da. Eime et prosa. . . n. p. 1539 "W. A. Paton deposit Page 22, La Givlietta di Measer Lvigi da Porto. First edition. Based on an old tale of Massuccio Salernitano, 1476, and the direct source of the plot of ^Shakespeare's Homeo and Juliet. 103 Special exWiJitsi in the Princeton mnibergitj>1Li!jrarj> HISTORY OF THE AET OF ILLUMINATION. Princeton, N. J. THE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY lOie This exhibit is designed to illustrate briefly, from original or facsimile material available in the library, the History of the art of illumination. Photostat reproductions of uniform size have been used for convenience in exhibition. The work of selection and arrangement was done with the cooperation of the Department of Art and Archaeology. The introduction and notes are chiefly the work of Professor C. R. Morey. H. B. VAN HOBSBN, Curator of mss. and rare books. HISTORY OP THE ART OP ILLUMINATION EXHIBITION. INTRODUCTION. The examples collected by the University Library in its ex- hibit, illustrating the history of manuscript illumination, date from the fourth century to the sixteenth. But the final word in illumination was in reality uttered two centuries before the latter period ; and almost all that art could do to the written book is summed up in the decoration of the fourteenth century Durandus of the Garrett collection, the climax, so to speak, in the ascending and descending curve of taste which may be traced through the thirty or more examples on exhibition. Up to the thirteenth century the examples are photographs of pages of famous manuscripts, but subsequent periods are represented by originals in the Library's own collection. The series starts with a miniature from the Vatican Vergil (fourth century) showing in its simple border, landscape background, and free moving figures the antique conception of book deco- ration — viz., a picturesque vignette illustrating, but not adorn- ing, the text. We see this classic notion of the illustration maintaining itself in the proto-Byzantine manuscripts written in Asia Minor in the fifth and sixth centuries, such as the Vienna Genesis and the Sinope Gospel, but with a tendency always toward greater formality, symmetry of composition, suppression of the background — in short, toward the decora- tive style which late classic art had learned from the East. This Eastern art is represented only by pages from a Syrian manuscript of the sixth century, but its final contribution to illumination can be studied in the Byzantine works produced in the Eastern Empire during the tenth, eleventh, and twelfth centuries. The earliest Byzantine example exhibited, from the Joshua Roll in the Vatican Library, shows, it is true, a reaction from this increasing decorative and Oriental tendency, and manifests rather a return to good models of classic art, although the mediaeval imitator is unable to master the intricacies of form which his Greek predecessors had found so easy. A page from a Greek manuscript in Paris, and another from the psalter which was written and illuminated by some Greek artist for Queen Melissenda of the Crusaders' kingdom of Jerusalem show the Byzantine style in more characteristic fashion in the deft mingling of the remnants of Hellenistic naturalism with Eastern convention, and the sure sense of decorative fitness which explains and motivates the flat and abstract figures. In the West, illumination commences with a style developed in the one section of Europe which was outside of the classic 109 PRINCETON UNIVERSITY LIBRARY sphere of influence. The Irish illuminators, lacking the tradi- tion of natural form which Hellenistic art had handed on to the Byzantine, resort to pure ornament, and handle animate life in two-dimensional patterns which are the very negation of reality. They are represented in the exhibit by pages from three famous manuscripts, the Books of Durrow and Kells, and the MacDurnan Gospel, ranging in date from the seventh to the ninth centuries. To these is added an Anglo-Irish example from the Psalter of St. Augustine (8th cent.), wherein we see the Irish art at last in contact with classic naturalism, with a resulting attempt, earnest but not wholly successful, to make the human figure look like a living being. The Irish style moved on to the continent, and had its part in the schools of illumination which arose during the "renais- sance" encouraged by Charlemagne and his successors of the ninth century. Its principles are still observed in the Franco- Saxon school, as in a manuscript of the British Museum, illum- inated at St. Denis near Paris. Elsewhere the artists of Charle- magne turned their faces toward Italy and the East: in a Gospel-book which once belonged to Charles the Great himself (Palace School) we find an evangelist seated on a Roman fald- stool and clothed in a Roman toga; Charles the Bald in the Vivian Bible (school of Tours) does his best to look like a Roman emperor. In the Ada group of manuscripts, on the other hand, the illuminators are imitating Syrian manuscripts; the pages of the Soissons Gospel are decorated with antelope and ibis, and ornamental motifs unknown to classic art. Fin- ally, in the Utrecht Psalter produced by the Carolingian school of Reims, there appears for the first time that realistic strain which was ultimately to differentiate the mediaeval and mod- ern art of Europe from the antique; the vigorous action and nervous fluttering draperies betoken a love of intense life which the ancient vrnrld had never known. After the close of the Carolingian period, illumination divides into two general types of Bast and West ; in France and Eng- land the artists follow the vigorous style of the Utrecht Psalter and border their ]^i\ocs with a rich design of gold bands and leaves, while along the Rhine a more sober manner is found, strongly influenced by Byzantine formality. The exhibit illus- trates the one style by examples drawn from the Anglo-Saxon school (Eenedictional of Aethelv/old, Liber Vitae of Winches- ter), and the other by manuscripts of Reichenau, Hildesheim, and Bavaria. In the twelfth century, illumination seems to pass through a period of self-discipline and restraint, as if to prepare itself for the triumph of the approaching Gothic style; m the miniatures of the Guthlac Roll the draperies have 'lost their former inflation and flutter, movement and gesture are more significant, an architectural frame appears, and the whole effect takes on a monumental character. 110 HISTORY OF THE ART OF ILLUMINATION EXHIBITION. Gothic illumination is illustrated in the exhibit by original examples of our own collection. In the Tewkesbury Psalter and the Bible of Sweetheart Abbey (Scotland) we see the thirteenth century style in a phase of high refinement in the one ease, and in a somewhat coarser provincial vein in the other ; the minia- ture now no longer covers the whole page, but is confined to the initial, around which curls the characteristic early Gothic dragon. This dragon's tail extends up or down the page to make the ' ' bar ' ' border ; in the examples of the early fourteenth century the "bar" begins to put forth leaves which presently surround the page in the "ivy -border" peculiar to the four- teenth century, finding its most beautiful application in the pages of the Garrett "Durandus". Here we have the high-water mark of illumination. Initial, page, picture and frame are interwoven into a decorative ensemble which would be ruined by further modification. The simple gold background of the initials of the thirteenth century is varied by a checkerboard pattern in color, whose harmony is reflected in the bright letters of the text ; interspersed in the leafy border are playful groups and animals of every descrip- tion, among which we find the signatures of the artists who produced the manuscript — the dragon-fly which marks the manuscript as a work of the famous Parisian atelier of Jean Pucelle, and the player of the bag-pipe ("chevrie"), the sign manual of Pucelle's assistant, Chevrier. Subsequent examples show the decadence of the art: the miniature becomes separated from the initial, expands again to the full-page illustration, and finally becomes a mere imita- tion of easel painting ; the ivy-border loses its crisp and deli- cate convention in a bewildering variety of flowers and fruits ; the text becomes less and less a part of the decoration until the invention of printing takes it out of the domain of art alto- gether. The honest pride which distinguishes the mediaeval craftsman even in his most minute creations passes away with the growth of the grandiose taste of the Renaissance and mod- ern times. — C. R. Morey. Ill HISTORY OP THE ART OF ILLUMINATION. List of Exhibits. Vatican Vergil (Vatican library, lat. 3225) (Nolhae, P. de. Le Vergile du Vatican. Paris, 1897. pi.) SA0686.929.67 Late Roman. IV cent. Illustration to the Georgics. The Vatican Vergil, excluding the ancient illustrated examples of the Egyptian Book of the dead, is our earliest illustrated book. The example here given is an excellent sample of Hellenistic book ornament; there is no illumination properly speaking, for the ornament does not touch the text and is confined to the little half-page vignette. This is treated in true Hellenistic style as a landscape peopled by boldly modeled little figures and set off by bits of architecture. The drawing of the figures Is impressionistic and the movement free. Syriac Gospel (Paris, Bibl, nat.) (Photograph in the Princeton university library) Syrian school. VI cent. Canon-pages: to left, figure of Christ in the wedding at Oana; to right, divided scene of the two Maries at the tomb. Characteristic of the school are the arcades with horse-shoe arches used to frame the text, and the marginal miniatures, often divided by the intervening arcade. These arcades were borrowed by Byzantine illumination as frames for miniatures, and again in Garollngian illumination as frames for the canons, or parallel passages, of the Gospels. It is interesting to see here the source of the Mohammedan horse-shoe arch. Vienna Genesis (Vienna, Hofbibliothek, Theol. gr. 31) (Hartel, W. von. Die Wiener Genesis. Wien, 1895. taf XIII) SAMSF4741.177 Transition to pro to-Byzantine. V cent. Eebekah meeting the servant of Abraham at the well. This book is our earliest illustrated manuscript of a book of the Bible, and was writ- ten in Asia Minor, belonging, with its purple vellum and silver letters, to the same sumptuous style which later is represented by the Sinope Gospel. Here, however, the Hellenistic naturalism is not altogether blotted out as in the Siuope Gospel; the land- scape background is felt, if not entirely rendered, there is a classic personification of the well, and the ''continuous method" shows us Rebekah twice in the scene. Sinope Gospel (Paris, Bibl. nat., Suppl. gr. 1286) (Academie des inscriptions et belles-lettres, Paris. . . . Monu- ments et memoires. Paris, 1900. v.7. pi. XVII) SA4501.112 Proto-Byzantine, VI cent. The miracle of the loaves and fishes with the prophets David and Moses. Below the busts of the two prophets are extracts from their "proph- ecies" bearing on the miracle. ■ In works like this manuscript, produced in Asia Minor, we see the earlier narrative style of the Vienna Genesis stiffening into something more decorative and ornamental. Byzantine features are already discernible in the symmetry, the pronounced side- wise glance, and the tendency towards abstraction — notice that the lighting is ai-tlfi- cial, and the figures cast no shadow. These Asia Minor manuscripts are very sumptuous; this one is written on purple vellum in letters of gold. Joshua Roll (Vatican library, Pal. gr. 431) (Hartel, W. von. Die Wiener Genesis. Wien, 1895. taf. C) SAMSF4741.177 Byzantine renaissance. X cent. The Angel appearing to Joshua before Jericho. A parchment roll about 30 ft. long with miniatures perhaps meant for cartoons for mural decorations, with extracts from Joshua explaining the pictures. The Byzantine renaissance of the IX and X centuries is in part a revolt against the formal decorative Eastern style (represented by the Sinope Gospel) and an attempt to reproduce good Hellenistic models. Hence the picturesque background, the personification of the city seated to the right, the Roman armor, and the "continuous method" used in Roman historical relief, by which Joshua is represented a second time, prostrate at the angel's feet, 113 PRINCETON UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Greek Gospel (Paris, Bibl. nat.) (Hieber, H. Die miniaturen des friihen mittelalters. Miin- chen, 1912. pi. 28) SA0292.461 Middle Byzantine. XI cent. Birds drinking at a fountain and group of the Virgin and two saints. This is middle-Byzantine decoration at its best. The color-scheme is blue and green and gold, "With spots of red and white. The slender, frontal flguree, un-localized by ground-line or depth of background, relieved from utter stiffness by a reminiscence of classic rhythm in the pose, have the characterietie middle-Byzantine aloofness and un- reality. Note the unerring taste shown in the balance of naturalism and convention with which the birds are treated, and the same equilibrium in the more formal ornament of the decorative panel. Psalter of Queen Melissenda (Brit, mus., Egerton 1139) (Herbert, J. A. Illuminated manuscripts. London, 1912. pL VI) SA0292.452.il Middle-Byzantine. 1131-44. The descent into hell. Christ strides across the gates of hell, raising Adam and Eve from the tomb. On the right is a gfoup consisting of David, Solomon, John the Baptist and others. Above, half-figures of angels bearing standards inscribed with S. S. S. (Sanctus, Sanctus, Sanctus) To be noted as Byzantine characteristics of the middle period are: the gold back- ground, the symmetrical composition, the flat drapery — all testifying to the Oriental element in Byzantine. The Hellenistic tradition is still maintained in the sidewise glance of the eye, the classic drapery schemes and facial types, the half-figures in the sky, and the flying fold used to express rapid motion. Durrow book (Dublin, Trinity college) (Westwood, J. 0. Facsimiles of miniatures and ornaments of Anglo-Saxon and Irish manuscripts. London, 1868. pi. 5) SA47441.967 Irish school. VII cent. Symbols of Luke and John, and an ornamental page. Irish manuscripts of the primitive type like the Duprow book (the earliest piece of Irish illumination we have) limit the illustration to three pages at the beginning of each Gospel: (1) portrait of the Evangelist, or his symbol; (2) a purely decorative page; (3) the initial page. We have here two of the symbols and an example of the peculiar Irish ornamental page. Note the wholly ornamental nature of the animate forms, and the primitive character of the ornament; the forms are coarser than in the developed mss. like the Book of Kells and the McDuman Gospel. Book of Kells (Dublin, Trinity college) (Westwood, J. 0. Facsimiles of the miniatures and orna- ments of Anglo-Saxon and Irish manuscripts, London, 1868. Pl. 8) SA47441.967 Irish school. Early ninth century. Ornamental text of Luke's genealogy of Christ. The page Bhows the Irish peculiarit-ies In tlie wholly aecoratlve treatment of animate life (note the interlacing animals of the upper border, and the human figure which inter- twines with the Q of the initials). This row of Q's Is one of the finest examples of illuminated lettering in existent e. The ornament of this manuscript is so minute that observers often have to follow it with a magnifying glass. Macdurnan Gospel (Lambeth library) (Westwood, J. 0. Facsimiles of miniatures and ornaments of Anglo-Saxon and Irish manuscripts. London, 1868. pi. 22) SA47441.967 Irish school. IX cent. Two portraits of Evangelists and decorative moUfs Here we see the typical panelled Irish border, and nearly all the Irish' motifs of ornament: la.ertines (interlacing animals), step-pattern or zig-zag, interlacing lines rows of dots, an occasional spiral, and the flat tivo-dimensional handling of the flcures' which here, as often look like nothing so much as playing cards. This Gospel belongs to the later phase of Irish art; the colors are more varied, adding considerably to the primitive scheme of black, red, yellow and green, and the flesh tints are no longer left in the hue of the vellum, but iiainted in white. 114 HISTORY OF THE ART OF ILLUMINATION EXHIBITION. Psalter of St. Augustine's, Canterbury (Brit, mus., Cotton Vesp. A. i.) ("Warner, G. F. Illuminated manuscripts in the British mu- seum. London, 1903. pi. 3) SA0293.211 Anglo-Irlsli school, c.700. Detail of text and miniature representing David playing the lyre and surrounded by his musicians. To be noted first Is the arched border, like that occurring in Syrian manuscripts and their Western Imitations like the Ashburnham Pentateuch. But this is filled with purely Celtic ornament: interlace, step-pattern, and spiral. The contact with east Christian art which was provided the Irish artists in England by the illuminated books brought in by St. Augustine, here shows its effect in the natural treatment of the human figure. Gospel book (Brit, mus., Egerton 768) (Warner, G. F. Illuminated manuscripts in the British mu- seum. London, 1903. pi. 6) SA0293.211 Oarolingian, Franco-Saxon school. IX cent. Initial page of Gospel of John. The Celtic missions carried the Irish style of illumination all over Europe, and the oriental, classic, and Germanic influences brought in by the Oarolingian "renaissance" never entirely submerged the Irish tradition on the continent. Especially is this true of Irish monasteries like that of St. Denis near Paris, the center of the Franco-Saxon school. Hence we find in this Franco-Saxon page that the basis of the ornament Is the Irish interlace, and bird's head terminations. Original are the peculiar corners, and the medallions of the frame, which had a wide popularity in later styles, e. g. Anglo-Saxon and Bavarian. Charlemagne's Gospel (Vienna, Schatzkammer) (Hieber, H. Die miniaturen des friihen mittelalters. Miin- chen, 1912. pi. 45) SA0292.461 Carolingian, Palace school. c.800. Evangelist. The Palace school and the Ada group produced the earliest Carolingian manuscripts. While the latter is surely the production of Frankish artists, the Palace school mss. show a technique so far superior to anything else produced in the period as to warrant the suspicion that their miniatures may have been done by Greeks working in the West, In any case, they hold close to east Christian models. We may note the simple border, the profile pose of the Evangelist, the classic pallium he wears, the faldstool Instead of a throne on which he sits, and the indication of landscape and atmosphere as the strong Hellenistic survivals which characterize the school. Golden Gospel (Brit, mus., Harl. 2788) (Warner, G. F. lUumiaated manuscripts in the British mu- seum. London, 1903. pi. 4) SA0293.211 Carolingian, Ada-group, c.800. The evangelist Matthew. The Ada-group of mss. (so-called because one of them was illuminated for Ada, sister of Charlemagne) represents the attempt of the native artists to assimilate the data afforded by their classic, Irish, and especially their eastern models. The portrait of Matthew here given shows the mixture; the frontal Irish figure is twisted to conform to the east Christian tradition of the profile author-portrait. Attempt at depth of back- ground has resulted in those baffling perspectives so characteristic of the school. The drinking peacocks in the corners are old eastern motifs. The crinkly edges of the com- plicated drapery betray the native pen. Soissons Gospel (Paris, Bibl. nat., lat. 8850) (Herbert, J. A. Illuminated manuscripts. London, 1912. pi. X) SA0292.452.il Carolingian, Ada-group, c.825. The Fountain of life. The dominant influence on the Ada-group is the Eastern, by which is meant not proto- Byzantiue, but Syrian. This is shown by the present miniature which reproduces a motif peculiar to Syrian manuscripts, and found in almost identical form in the Gospel of Etschmiadzln, Syrian also are the birds and animals. The puzzling perspective is characteristic of the school, and it is unique in the extraordinary variety of the ornament in the border. 115 PEINCETON UNIVERSITY LIBRAEY Vivian Bible (Paris, Bibl. nat., lat. 1) (Janitschek, H. Gesehichte der deutschen malerei. Berlin, 1890. pi. p. 42) CG4628.388,v.3 Carolinglan, Tours school, c.850. Presentation page: Count Vivian presenting the Bible to the emperor Charles the Bald. We have here an example of the attempts on the part of the Tours illuminators of the middle of the ninth century to reproduce classic models. Hence the simple border, contrasting with the elaborate borders of the Ada-group, the crude imitation of Roman armor in the attire of the attendant soldiers, and the attempt at the atmospheric back- ground of such Hellenistic painting as vre find In the Vatican Vergil. There is evidently also an attempt to give an Augustan character to the emperor — without much success. Utrecht Psalter (Utrecht, Bijks-universiteit, bibliotheek) (Hieber, H. Die miniaturen des friihen mittelalters. Miin- chen, 1912. pi. 43) SA0292.461 Carolingian, Reims school, c.800. Illustration to Psalm XXVII. The chief phrase illustrated is: "When my father and mother forsake me, then the lord will take me up". To be noted Is the literal character of the illustration. The archaic writing shows that the manuscript was based en an early onglnal, and there is much classic feeling Id the architecture and the impressionistic drawing. But the artist is originally Ger- manic in his vigorous conception of life. This animated style became the model for the Anglo-Saxon drawing of the X and XI centuries, and the similar schools in France and Belgium, contrasting \vlth the stiffer Byzautlne style along the Rhine. Benedictional of Aethelwold (Duke of Devonshire's library) (Westwood, J. 0. Facsimiles of the miniatures and orna- ments of Anglo-Saxon and Irish manuscripts. London, 1868, pi. 45) SA47441.967 Anglo-Saxon school, c.075. The Ascension of Christ. The border is the Anglo-Saxon rod-and-leaf with the leaves overflowing the "rod" as they regularly do In the tenth century, while In the eleventh they tend to confine themselves within the two bands of the "rod". Characteristic of the school are the lively attitudes, the Inflated drapery (compare the more Byzantine drapery of the Rhenish schools) and the shaded tones of the colors. Note also the restless line — the draughtsman wrinkles every edge of the garments, and fills the ground with swirling lines. Newminster Liber Vitae (Brit, mus., Stowe 944) (Herbert, J. A. Illuminated manuscripts. London, 1912. pi. XIII) SA0292.452.il Anglo-Saxon school (Winchester) Early XI cent. St. Peter opening the gates of heaven and saving a soul from the devil; an angel locking the gates of hell. We see by this miniature the close dependence of the Anglo-Saxon outline drawing on the style of the Utrecht psalter, in its nervous sketchy outlines and action. This vigorous Rngllsh style comes forth best in the outline drawings, being somewhat stif- fened in the color work. It lasts through the eleventh century, but after the Norman conquest is gradually lost through the influence of the more formal proto-Gothlc style of Prance. Codex Egbert! (Trier, Stadtbibliothek) (Kraus, F. X. Die miniaturen des Codex Egberti. Freiburg im Breisgau, 1884. taf. XXI) SAMSF4741.54 Reiohenan school. End of X cent. Christ and the centurion of Capernaum. The Riliool which grew up in the monastery of Reichenau on Lake Constance as the Carolingian period drew to a close set its mark firmly on all the subsequent schools of Germany^ It was due to it that the vigorous 1 trecht-Psalter style which prevailed In the West never made much headway against the proto-Byzantine style introduced by the monks of Reichenau. This style is well exemplified by the miniature before us- the simple border, the classic draperies, the pronounced sidewise glance, remind one of the Sinope Gospel or the Vienna Genesis. 116 HISTORY OF THE ART OF ILLUMINATION EXHIBITION. Bernward Gospel (Hildesheim, Domschatz) (Beissel, S. Des M. Bernward Evangelienbuch. Hildesheim, 1891.,taf. XIII) SA47443.162 Hildesheim school. Early XI cent. Christ appearing to the Magdalen; below, Peter and Paul. The Hildesheim Is a faithful imitator of the Reichenau school, using Its banded bor- ders, its proto-Byzantine figures and drapery, and the accentuated sidewlse glance of the eye. It is very crude in technique, however, and much of its painting seems to be imitative of metal and enamel work. A peculiarity is the use of striped backgrounds, and the occasional flutter of drapery that seems to be borrowed from the Western schools. Uta-codex (Munich, Hof- und Staatsbibliothek, Cim. 54) (Swarezenski, G. Regensburger buehmalerei. Leipzig, 1901. taf. XIII) SCP0292.892 Bavarian school. 1002-25. Christ on the cross, between the figures of the Church and the Synagogue, and an allegorical scene. This manuscript of the Bavarian school shows its relationship with other Hhenlsh illumination in the "horror vacui", the plait-ornament used as a filling motif, and the love of symbolism. It departs, however, from the simple classic banded borders used in the Reichenau school and adopts the West- Prankish medallion border. This is turned into squares and half-circles in a manner approaching the divisions of a stained-glass window. The draperies retain the flatness and lack of movement which the Rhenish schools learned from Byzantium. Guthlac roll (Brit, mus., Harley roll, Y. 6) (Herbert, J. A. Illuminated manuscripts. London, 1912. pi. XVII) SA0292.452.il English proto-Gothic. XII cent. Gutblac casting out a devil, and receiving the ton- sure. These miniatures of the Guthlac roll may be meant for cartoons for windows. The style shows the toning down of Anglo-Saxon exaggeration which was accomplished under influence from the continent during the twelfth century. The drapery no longer swirls and flutters, but falls into broad folds that sometimes spread about the feet in Gothic fashion. The architectural background also betrays the approach of Gothic. Psalter of Tewkesbury abbey, c.1260-70. Garrett collection. Dep964 The miniature represents the Judgment of Solomon. We have here the Gothic illum- inating style established: the pink, blue and gold color-scheme; the miniature confined to the initial and filled with a gold background; the dragon whose tail and wings, con- tinued around the right hand comer, forms the typical thirteenth-century "bar-border". The English quality of the work is perhaps to be found in the playful rendering of the Psalmist who seems to be accompanying the singing dragon. Bible of Sweetheart abbey, near Kirkcudbright, Scotland. C.1275 80 Garrett collection. Dep5420 The miniature represents St. John writing the Apocalypse. As In the Tewkesbury Psalter, we have the characteristic dragon and bar of the thirteenth century. To be noted are the architectural frame and the gold background. The figure is done in the style increasingly frequent in the latter part of the thirteenth century: the type used Is youthful, even for the aged St. John, and there is a touch of effeminacy in both drapery and feature. The "bar" is a fine specimen, robust and spiny, and giving little indication of the ivy-border that was to develop out of it. 117 PEINCETON UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Bible. C.1300 Garrett collection. Depl042 Initial F of Luke's Gospel. St. Luke wriUng at the dictation of an angel. The interesting feature of this initial is its conservatiBm; it retains the "bar" and the gold background of the thirteenth century, but from the bar the leaves of the Ivy border to come are already sprouting. The intercolumnar ornament seen on the opposite page is characteristic of the school of Honorfe, which governed the fashions of illumination in 5 Paris from c.1280 to c.1310. The characters of the script are said to be Flemish; it is quite possible that the illumination is a product of a Flemish atelier following the lead of the studios of Paris. Book of hours, c.1300. French Garrett collection. Depl045 The miniature represents the Nativity. The scene is wholly symbolic; the Child seems to lie on a kind of altar, and only the heads of the ox and the ass appear. The gold background which prevailed over most of the thirteenth century has given way to the diaper pattern popular in the early fourteenth century. The "bar border" again, has lost its dragon, and spread at either end into sprays with leaves. This will ultimately become the "ivy border" extending around the page. Durand de Saint-Pourgain, Guillaume, successively bp. of Puy en Velay and Meaux. Incipit scriptu. seniarum. dm. fris. durandi de sco. portiano. 1336. French. 2v Garrett collection. Dep54:25-26 Written by William of Kirby in Lincolnshire, while in Paris, by order of Simon Comitis of Naples, one of the heads of the Dominican order in Paris. Contains a great number of decorative letters, four richly illuminated initials, and borders with scant ivy-leaves. Therv^ are various grotesque figures on the first page of the book, and the ornamentation is In colors and gold in the French style. Tbe illumina- tions on the initial pages have recently been identified as tbe product of the atelier of Jean Pucelle, illuminator in ordinary to Charles IV of France, and head of tbe Parisian school of painting in the first forty years of the fourteenth century — an artist who is commonly regarded as the finest of the mediaeval illuminators. The identification was made by a comparison with the known work of Pucelle. Especially noteworthy is the dragon-fly, somewhat detached from the rest of the decoration. "Demoiselle" was an old word for dragon-fly, and 'pucelle" was a current synonym for "demoiselle". It is quite likely, therefore, that a dragon-fly was used by Pucelle as a punning signature. Book of hours, XV cent. Franco-Flemish? Garrett collection. Depl456 This is an excellent illustration of the fifteenth century border; the ivy-border of the fourteenth century has developed an infinite variety. There remains only the diapered background, which contrasts so strangely with the landscape foreground, to remind one of the preceding period. The miniatures, like this one representing the Betrayal and the Denial of Peter, have now nothing at all to do with the text and often open up with distant views that make the miniature a rival of easel painting. Liturgical book. XV cent. Italian MS192374 The Italian character of the illumination is reflected In the color-scheme, which is much higher in key than that used in the French illumination of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, although, under the influence of Italian art in the fifteenth cen- tury, the French illuminators lightened and varied their colors considerably. But they never reached these light blues, pinks and grayish whites. Another distinction is the foliate ornament wiiich is always of tlie same type in Italy — tlie leaf seems to curl and projeet, while in France It usually is presented flat on the page. Sophiloge de Sapience. XV cent. Franco-Flemish. Garrett collection. Depl451 The page is Inclosed in a typical fifteenth century border; which still retains the sharp trllobe leaves of tlie fourteenth century. The actual initial Is also still in the earlier style. But the miniature is simply an easel picture, and shows clearly the bad effert which the rise of northern painting had upon the Illuminating art in making it merely imitative of larger eompositions, and no longer bound by the limitations of the text. 118 HISTOEY OP THE ART OF ILLUMINATION EXHIBITION. Book of hours. XVI cent. Flemish. .Garrett collection. Depl040 It was in Flanders that the floral border received Its fullest development after it left the Ivy-type of the fourteenth century. Here it has not yet arrived at the last stage, which consists of introducing a variety of fruits as well as flowers, and relieving them against the page by shadows, but the rich expansion of the motif is already felt. 6 Hore diue virginis Marie secundiun vsum Romanum totaliter ad longum. cu multis suffragiis. [Colophon : Parisius nouiter impressum opera Bgidii Hardouyn] [1510?] Garrett collection. Depl033 Printed on vellum. The illuminations are painted, and represent the last stage of the art. The miniature not only is merely an inserted illustration, having nothing to do with the text, but reflects also the break-up of the B'rench Gothic tradition under the introduction of the forms of the Italian classical renaissance whose influence can be seen in the architectural detail. 119 PHOTOSTAT EXHIBITION, Description. The use of photography in library administration is no new thing, but until lately its practical use has been confined chiefly to the making, at request of users, of specimen pages of manuscripts or rare books for study or for reproduction by engraving. It is true that various experiments have been made in the direction of cataloguing by the photography of title pages, which Mr, Stevens used to urge as the only real ideal of cataloguing, but this was never put into general practical use in libraries even for rare books, on account of the expense and trouble involved. With the cheapening and quickening of the processes, the use of photog- raphy for the copying of manuscripts for student use has grown rapidly. This work has been in general not so often done by the libraries themselves as by commercial photographers approved by the libraries ; but the way this method has been developed by the libraries for the benefit of students, and particularly by the Vatican, the Paris National, the Bodleian, and the Flor- entine libraries, has been an immense boon to students. When the writer of this paper began researches among manuscripts (and he is still some ten years from the time when he will have earned the right to return to those researches on a Carnegie retired salary!) even specimen facsimiles of the mss. were generally, if not always, made by tracing. A little later the libraries began to forbid tracings and photography was sub- stituted, but photographs were apt to cost two to four dollars each or even more. The Bodleian and the Medicean were leaders in helping the lean purses of students by reducing to shillings and francs what had cost dollars before, while the National Library at Paris, and above all Dr. Ehrle and the Vatican, have been leaders in the steps which have reduced the cost again from shillings to dimes and now to nickels. The Princeton University Library has recently secured in this way for Princeton professors from Paris and Rome, several thousand pages, black on white, reduced copies, perfectly good for scientific purposes, at a little less than ten cents per page. Some fifty odd years ago Professor Studemund made for Bishop Lightfoot a full-page facsimile of a certain Verona ms. ; it was traced and the cost could not have been less than ten dollars. Twenty-five years or so later the present writer confronted this tracing with the original and had a page photographed at the then very moderate cost of two dollars. Later he had similar work done for three shillings a page, and still later, in quantity, at 121 PRINCETON UNIVERSITY LIBRARY half a franc per page. Now such work can be done for him in the Princeton University Library, in similar form, i. e., white on black, slightly reduced (four pages to the 11 x 7 sheet) under most favorable conditions, for two cents per page — perfectly good for scientific use : two guineas, two dollars, two shillings, two nickels, two cents. The perfecting of methods of taking directly upon paper without glass or film, of methods of quick and simple developing, and of reversing within the camera so as to make the first copy positive instead of negative (except as to color), have rapidly been bringing the process into a state suited to library purposes, and to-day many libraries are equipped with one or another of these photographic, quick-copying machines. In the beginning these were used chiefly for the copying of rare books, mss. maps, portraits, etc. — a simple and cheap way of ordinary photographic copying — but libraries soon began to make experiments in more technical uses. The New York Public Library was a pioneer in this application to administration uses, but now various libraries are experimenting successfully and matters have reached such a point that it bids fair to revolutionize library methods at several points. The Princeton machine is a Photostat, and this is perhaps the one most often found in libraries; but there are various others, some cheaper (espe- cially in Germany) and some doing some things better, e. g., there is one which copies on both sides of the paper, reproducing thus a printed leaf, better than the Photostat, which prints only on one side. Doubtless machines will be still farther perfected and cheapened, but even now they have been brought to a practical stage for library use. The exhibits shown for the most part represent actual uses in practical administration in the Princeton University Library, but a few are pure experiments made as illustrations of the possibilities of the method. A. Administration Department. Copying of letters, building plans, etc., vs. typewriter, mimeograph, print, etc. The greater advantage is from convenience, rapidity, and the saving of proof-reading time, but there is often economy as well. Convenience. (1) Secretary of Business Administration lends Librarian at 12 o'clock specifications, bids (and blue prints) for library extension, to copy for Library Committee, to be returned at earliest possible moment for use of Grounds and Buildings Committee (?) then in session. Estimated can typewrite and return at 2 o 'clock in time for afternoon session. Use Photo- stat instead and return same in fifteen minutes to Secretary's office. (2) Several sub-reports containing 48 close typewritten pages to be gath- ered in one and sent out to nine members of a committee of which the Libra- rian is chairman, on short notice. Material gathered at noon, reports sent out at 6 o'clock. 122 PHOTOSTAT EXHIBITION. (3) Document handed typewriter at noon to copy for printer. Cannot be finished in time to mail before next day, which puts off printing until next week, too late. Take ms. from typewriter to Photostat. Ms. returned in ten miniites and in half an hour positive returned to be sent as copy to printer. (4) Wanted on short notice by Trustee Sub-Committee idea of various proposals for library building extension. By clipping and pasting cuts of the Pyne and Green libraries, roughly drawing in suggested connections with Dickinson Hall, and copying on Photostat, perfectly sufficient sketches were provided for each member of the committee in a couple of hours. Com- pare exhibit with plan of present Library. Economy. Cost of copying typewritten matter is about (less than) foiir cents per page. By slightly reducing its size, a letter of several pages can be done for two cents per page. Where only a single copy is wanted and the pages are full and single-spaced, there is real economy over typewriting, and especially because proof-reading and correction is avoided. Where a considerable number of pages of a report or a letter are to be copied, a large saving has been made by the method of reducing so as to go on a 7 x 5^^ page ; i. e., so that four pages can be printed at once at an ordinary 14 x 11%- inch strike. This makes a very legible and convenient as well as cheap copy. Tabular statements calling for special expenditure of typewriter time effect special saving. Such tables have been copied at from one-fourth to one-tenth of typewriting cost. B. Purchase Department. (1) Piirchase lists, (a) Miscellaneous clippings from catalogues, anno- tated titles in newspapers, systematic lists of European war books, etc., have been reprodiiced in uniform P-slip size at a cost of a little over 1 cent per title. This is especially economical and desirable ia the case of standing lists of desiderata involving considerable detail of notes as to contents or reason for purchase. (b) Purchase lists for taking with one on a bibliographical journey have been prepared by the simple method of keeping the memoranda on cards typewritten very close to the top, so that these cards, placed overlapping one another, make solid pages. By reduced Photostat, about 60 titles can be printed at one strike and for 8 cents, making four pages of a form con- Treniently carried in a side-pocket. (2) Sales list of duplicates. Several lists of piece-for-piece duplicates have been made by using overlapping cards and printing full size on the 5% x 7 page, averaging about sixteen titles to the page. A sixteen-page pamphlet in this style, white on black, contains about 250 titles and costs about 30 cents. 123 PRINCETON UNIVBESITT LIBRARY (3) Book copying, (a) Three cases have occurred in the last six months of books wanted for use somewhat continuously by different professors and of which only one copy of each was known in this country and no copy could be obtained from abroad. By permission of lending library, these were all copied at an expense of from $5.00 to $15.00, and this Library agrees that in the future applications to these libraries for these books may be referred to the Princeton University Library, which will lend its Photostat copy. This suggests a policy of reproducing in Photostat of unique and very rare books of general usefulness and valuable manuscripts for lending. The free lend- ing of originals, as has been done in the European libraries, has its obvious risks, and a Photostat copy is just as good for most scientific purposes. (b) Bannatyne Club publications were badly wanted by the English Department. Impossible to purchase these offhand ; many impossible to get at all. Three thin volumes, whose latest quoted value amounted to about $40.00, were borrowed from Columbia and photostated at a cost of about $7.00. This suggests a very great field of cooperation between libraries of learning in the matter of rare books which are in constant demand for use by students, but not enough demand to justify reprinting. Whenever a book of scientific importance for a university library cannot be obtained by pur- chase, or reaches a value of 4 cents or 5 cents a page, it can be photostated with economy if the page is not too large or if the type is large enough to bear a slight reduction. (4) Manuscript copying, (a) One of the great problems of university libraries is the furnishing of manuscript facsimiles to professors for their work. A few hundred mss. facsimiles have been published, usually in expen- sive form. White-on-black copies of a few hundred more have been obtained by various libraries for various professors working in different lines, but there is an immense field remaining. This Library has photostated several of its own small manuscripts, and can undertake to photostat others, in the two- page to a 5 X 11 sheet, at 5 cents per page, or about one-half the Continental price. This suggests that, by a little cooperation between the larger univer- sity libraries, two or three copies of all the world's great codices could be secured with view to use in inter-library lending, at an insignificant cost compared with the methods previously available even as recently as the very interesting campaign of Professor Gayley and the New York Evening Post to secure such manuscript facsimiles for American libraries. (b) An alumnus offered for exhibit a Revolutionary document of some historical interest. A Photostat copy was made for library use and another copy sent the owner, who then put the original document on permanent deposit and is expecting to make this into a gift, since he now has the Photo- stat copy for his children. (5) Reduced book plates. Extraordinary additions, amounting to more 124 PHOTOSTAT EXHIBITION. than 41,000 bound volumes last year, compelled shorteutting at every point. At the same time there was a certain call for a very small book plate for small books. It was found also that these small plates could be used to advantage combined with the number label on long runs of average books, saving one pasting. By use of the Photostat very admirable plates were made, reduced from the standard library plate, and the cost of these plates was reduced from nine-tenths of a cent to one-tenth of a cent per plate. C. Printing and Binding Department. (1) Labels. (Printing Department.) This Library having adopted the principle of bold labelling as one of the great economies of clerical time, prints a good many such labels. By the use of the Photostat, it has been found possible, by double enlargement from typewritten copy or from a printed classification, to make bold titles whole- sale, and in all sorts of combinations, at less expense than by printing. (2) Binding dummies. Where rubbings were before used, better and cheaper copies are made by Photostat ; the old method is quite given up in favor of the new. D. Cataloguing Department. (1) Regular card catalogue. Some experiments only have been made in this line. The difficulties lie in the paper, the cutting of the cards and vary- ing cataloguing rules. The thicker paper or card used by some libraries is said to be difficult to work with. This Library does not have cutting dies, and very few clipping sources are catalogued under the International and L. C. rules. The cards can be produced from clippings in medium paper (a stiff paper) for a trifle over a cent apiece, and if much information is desired on this card this is sometimes a great saving. The experience of this Library suggests, however, that the best method for books requiring much descrip- tion, such as incunabula, festschriften, etc., is the special bibliographical catalogue with short title reference to it in regular card catalogue. (2) For a bibliographical or official catalogue, the Photostat can, however, be used to very great advantage indeed, as to economy and legibility, in the reproducing of long titles or full bibliographical annotations or contents. (3) Cataloguing of rare books and manuscripts. The advantage of the Photostat at this point is remarkable for rapidity, economy and efficiency. Several very practical applications have been made. (a) The Patterson collection of Horaces and other rare books contains a very great amount of special matter in the way of autographs, binding!?, inscriptions, etc. It has been found possible to reproduce on a little folder of four pages, suited for binding up with others, or using as cards if desired, the title page, the binding, the bibliographical representations on which the purchase was made, any autograph inscriptions, and even painted edge work. A little volume of these makes the most efficient catalogue imagin- able and is made at an expense much less than that of the ordinary cata- 125 PEINCETON UNIVERSITY LIBRAHY loguing, on ordinary cards, in the ordinary way. Average cost is about 10 cents. The briefest index reference title in the card catalogue, plus a volume of this sort, would be much more useful as well as less expensive than the conventional method. The Princeton experiment has been so very successful that its application to all books with special unique features is only a ques- tion of time and decision as to the best form. (b) A considerable collection of valuable European war posters and postal cards was presented by John W. Garrett, '95, and the chief items were arranged for exhibition at once. It proved a short, simple and inexpensive process to Photostat the posters in standard 11 x 8 form, and, mounting the envelopes and post cards, to Photostat these also, forming quickly, therefore, in both instances, the best sort of catalogue. (c) Some experiments have been made in the photostjiting of coins and medals. Although more difficult and less perfect in appearance, this proves practicable, and seems likely to be of very considerable usefulness. (d) The Library has a considerable collection of cuneiform tablets, some of which are crumbling in spite of the use of preservatives. The Library has been urged to have these copied or at least examined and calendared before such possible loss takes place. Expert cataloguers and copyists are financially out of the question. Experiments have been made with admir- able success at photostating these. The catalogue in this case is practically a facsimile with a number attached. Although not equal to transcription, it forms a very efficient record of a very large part of the material as well as being a catalogue record and one that can be easily duplicated and sent out for scholars who may care to use, and using they may help describe. (e) An important part of the full cataloguing of mss. is the description of the style of handwriting. This can be made now with greatest ease by the Photostat and the method has been applied to several of the Garrett mss., which have been described at length during the past year by Dr. van IToesen, the Curator of Mss., and various palaeographical students. (f) There are several hundred Ethiopic manuscripts in the Garrett ccllee- tion, got for Mr. Garrett by Dr. Enno Littmann, in his expedition to Ahys- sinia. With a few exceptions, none of these have been described, and it is not easy or inexpensive to get expert Abyssinian scholars to catalo,- (£ < a: m t 9= E -1 0) S to 1 1 ^ « z & DQ ui u z S a. Entry Ace. No Classified Subjects Notated Catalogue Revised ended Y Shelved Remarks o Student Tir ae Slip, No. 5 Princeton University Library Special Student Assistant— Time Slip Name. Date. - Hours Remarks Binding Dept Catalog " Delivery " Librarian's " Order " Printing " Reference " Shelf " Misc Total Form No. 5 135 TRINCETON UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Library of Congpress Order Slip, Strial AV. No. 6 ^O. of cards Date- Hold for cards until week PRINCETON UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Form No. « Library Order Slip (Plain), Library No. Author Order No. Title Ordered On Received Place. Cost Publisher Notnoworderel Price Not in Libratry Ordered f hy Recommended Approved Add any information (Library of No. 7 Date No. of Vols. about the book ON THE BACK. Princeton University — Oi Jer Slip.) 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Title Edition Place Publisher Tear Ko. of Vols, or Pagt-s Size List Price Otterttd for BINDING CONDITION This hook has no 2 Poor OWNERS l-lll' MAKES 4 Fair Excupt 6 Good Book plate 8 Perfect Written name RETURN THIS PROMPTLY TO Embosslng Stamp PRINCETON UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Ilk Stamp Form No. 15 Binding Slip, No. 16 >- ce III a z tt III > o I- bl O tt a. •3 ■c 140 II 1 3 fa Q Form No. 16 BLANKS AND POEMS Key Certificate, No. 17 irrinoeion Tlniversi'ty jCibrary ijhis is to Ceriifj/ thai. is entitled to a /cey to the.. ieminarj/. director. y/mt9, — '»^x deposit o^ musi da mada zuAan Ar»y is ffivan ouii ijkis sviii Aa re/undad tuhan Jtey is roiurned. Form No. 17 Alcove Admission Slip, No. 19 Library of Princeton University Alcove Admission Slip. For admission to the alcoves sign this slip across the end and give to the attendant in charge. Form No. 19 141 PEINCETON UNIVERSITY LIBRAEY Slight Repair Slip (Rush), No. 20 CO >- tt ill Q i t I a > a S 0) £ K 3 *. Z fiO C = III o 5 o 0. ^ o m Form No. 20 Acknowledgfment Card, No. 22 Library of Pkincetok University, Princeton, N. J. The undermentioned book is now in the Library and will be reserved for you for one day. E. C. RICHARDSON, Librarian. Form No. 22 142 BLANKS AND FORMS Notification Card (Fines), No.23 LIBEAEY OF PEINOETON UNIVBESITT Princeton, N. J. 191 Dear Sir: Candidates for degrees or certificates should settle for their Library fines at once, to avoid risk of delay in sending their names to Trustees or Paeulfy. Tour fine amounts to ERNEST C. EICHAEDSON, Librarian. Form No. 23 Notification Card (Book overdue), No. 24 LIBEAEY OF PEINCETON UNIVEESITY Princeton, N. J, The following book oh arged to you is now overdue, and should be returned or renewed at once. ERNEST C. RICHARDSON, Librarian Form No. 24 143 PRINCETON UNIVEESITT LIBRAET Notification Card (Book received) No. 25 LIBRARY OF PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY The undermentioned book has been received to-day on inter-li b rary loan: E. C. Richardson, Librarian. Form No. 25 Request Card (Title page, etc.), No. 26 LIBRARY OF PRINCETON UNIVERSITY E. C. RICHARDSON. LIBRARIAN PURCHASE DEPARTMENT C. MARTINS. SUPERINTENDENT. Please send to the library, title page and index for the VOL. Yours truly. Form No. 26 144 BLANKS AND FORMS Card Temporary Removecl Slip, No.28 Card temporarily removed. Form No. 28 Catalogue Reference Slip, No. 29 For dptailB of this work, see corresponding entrv under aubject, PERIODICALS, TRANSACTIONS, ETC. Form No. 29 145 PEINCETON UNIVERSITY LIBRAEY Request Card (for the return of books), No.30 Library of Princeton University Princeton, N. J. Dear Sir: We have apparently received no response from you to our request of December first for the return or renewal of all library books in your possession. May we ask that you will, as soon as possible, cooperate with us in this annual accounting for books? Respectfully yours, Ernest C. Richardson, Librarian. Form No. Faculty Publications Record Slip No. 31 PRINCETON UNIVERSIT ALUMNI PUBLICATIONS Author Class of Title - I. IF BOOK OR PAMPHLET, STATE THE FOLLOWING: Place -- Date - Publisher Vols Price. II. IF PERIODICAL ARTICLE. STATE THE FOLLOWING: Periodical Date, Year Month (and day) Volume inclusive pages Llbnrr of Princeton UnlTiTaltj. Form No. "1 146 BLANKS AND FOEMS Alumni Publications Record Slip, No. 32 Faculty publications. Form for BOOKS and PAMPHLETS: Author Title Place Date Publisher Vols Price . Reviews of this work Library o( PrlncctoB Unlnnltr. Form No. .S3 Acknowledgment Slip (Pliny Fisk Library), No. 33 The Library of the University P RiNCETON New Jersey i am directed to convey to yojj the thanks of the Trustees of Princeton University for your gift of Yours very truly LIBRARIAN Form No. 32 147 PRINCETON UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Gift Record Slip, No. 34 Donor Address Receiyed Acknowledged Volumes Pamphlets Form No. 84 Charge Slip (Unbound books), Shelf Numbers . . Author '8 Name . Title of the Book Vol. Where located (I) (2) Date Bindery Date. Dummy No - Style--- Book No --- h-M UNBOUND BOOK SLIP Llbnrj of Princetoo UnlTcraltj. No. 35 Form No. 35 148 BLANKS AND POEMS Accessions Tally Slip, No. 36 P U L. current book accessions tally sheet for seminaries, collections, etc Following checked by Date Form No. 36 Temporary Card, No. 37 Temporary Card Form No. 37 149 PRINCETON UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Salary Slip (Library), No. 38 Name Date PRINCETON UNIVERSITY LIBRARY SALARY SLIP Received for library work $ Form No. Salary Slip (Bindery), No. 39 Name Date PRINCETON UNIVERSITY LIBRARY SALARY SLIP Received for bindery work $ Form No. 39 150 BLANKS AND FORMS Bulletin Heading, with, sample page No. 41 LIBRARY OF PRINCETON UNIVERSITY Bulletin of Accessions for Week ending ., UNCORRECTED PROOF This Bulletin is principally a list of accessions of: (1) Books (2) Manu- scripts, Museum objects, etc. (3) Select auction and bookseller's catalogue. It will contain also, from time to time, however, Library notices and infor- mation. 0100-0999 BIBLIOGRAPHY, BOOK SCIENCES, GENERAL WORKS (INCLUDING PUBLIC DOCUMENTS) Taoobi, C. T. On the making and issuing ol boolis. Lond. 1891 0107.493.2 Esenwein, J. B. Art of story-writing, by Esenwein . . . and M. D. Chambers. Springfield, cl913 0123.33 Esenwein, J. B. Writing the short-story. Springfield, [cl909.] 0123.33.2 Esenwein, J. B, Studying the short-story; 16 short-story classics. Springfield, [1912.] 0123.33.3 Andrews, C. Technique of play-writing. . .inti-od. by J. B. Esenwein. Springfield, [cl915.] 0124.121 Esenwein, J. B." Writing the photoplay, by J. B. Esenwein. . .and A. I*eds. Springfield,' [cl913.] . .0124.33 Page, B. Writing for vaudeville. Springfield, [cl915.] 0124.682 Whiting, L. Kate Field; a record. Host. 1899 HTN0126.97 Hill, G. F. Development of Arabic numerals in Europe. Ox. 1916 (SA,Stack)0160.462 Henkels,S,'V. Extraordinary coll. of autograph letters and hist. doc. . .sold. . .1014. Phil. 1914 0182.45 Johnen, C. Geschichte der stenographic. Bar. 1911 — v.l — 0190.501 Brown, H. K. F. Venetian printing press. Lond. 1891 HTN0246.214 Putnam, G. H. Memoir of G. P. Putnam. N. Y. 1903. 2v HTN03S9.741.74.il M'Kie, J. Title pages... of the books in the private library of J. M'Kee. Kilmarnock, 1867 0513.606.0 M'Kie, J. Bibliotheca Burnsiana; life and works of Burns. Kilmarnock, 1866 bd. (2) w. 0518.600.0 Halliwell-Phillips, J. 0. Manuscript rarities of the University of Cambridge. Lond. 1841 0682.2379.4 Lambeth palace. Lib. Mat of some of the early printed books. . .by. . .S. R. Maitlaml. L. 1843. .0082.8573 Klapper, P. Teaching children to re.ad. N. Y. 1015 0754. .'i2 1 Princeton University. L.C.Vanuxem foundation. Lectures. . .Boutroux. . .Shipley. Princeton, 1914. .0931.737 1000-1999 HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY Rhodes, J. F. mst. of the United States from the compromise of 1850. N. Y. 1893— v.l—. .HTN1000.7n4 New York (State) Constitutional convention, 1915. Journal. . .1015. Alb. 1915 1190.6703.2 The Pilgrims. Addresses ... celebration of the 10th anniver.=ary of The Pilgrims, n. p. [1913.] 1198.72.2 The Pilgrims. Speeches. . .in honour of... lames Eryce. u. p. [1913] bd. (2) w. 1198.72.2 The Pilgrims. Speeches. . .in honour of... foreign guests, n. p. [1913] bd. (3) w. 1198.72,2 Mershon, S. L. Ma.lor and the queen. N .Y. [clSlo] SXP1201.C3S.n Pennsylvania society of colonial governors. [Publications] Phil. 1916 — v.l— 1212,712 Pittsburgh, Pa. Council. Municipal record; minutes of the proceedings. Pittsburgh, 1913 — 1215.583.74 Lincoln, A. pros, U. S. A. Lincoln; his book. . .with. . .note by Davis. N. Y. 1901 HTN1248.5874.579 Ford, P. L. True George Washington. Phil. 1890 HTN1248.9504.35.il Paton, W, A. Down the islands. :i voyage to the Oaribbees. >7. Y. ICOl HTN1330.701.il 151 PRINCETON UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Census Record, No. 47 Census record for 19 .... Recorder Reader. Bindery Job Record Slip, No. 48 (» u 43 •5 ft i:^ 8 P 3 fl o e3 •t' P4 S^ a n s: a* > . 2 f* • ^ =H • h 3 : £ r- o Eh © I i W ^ S 152 BLANKS AND FORMS Manuscript Description Form, No. 49 (Author) (Title) (Place) (Library) (Library number) (Language) (Style of handwriting) (Date) (Material) (Size of leal) (Size of text) (Space bet. cols.) (Binding) (no. of leaves or pages) (no. of cols.) (no. of lines to col.) (no. ollllamlnatlons) (Notes) Manuscript description form. For farther NOTES use back, underscoring the word OVER. Card Temporary Bemoved Slip (Cat. Dept.), No. 51 This card has been temporarily removed by the Catalogue Department for the purpose of recording the current volume. It will be replaced as soon as possible. 15§ PRINCETON UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Special Binding^ Charge Slip, No. 50 Special Binding Slip. DATE PEICE . WOKK DONE. Post Card (Purchase Dept.), No. 52 LIBRARY OF PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PURCHASE DEPARTMENT PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY C. MARTINS, CHIEF 154 BLANKS AND FORMS n d d CTn c o o o JO 4 B CQ CO i=l O •F-l t-l 05 o Ah 01 3 o C O u 3 O 3 > 1-1 O) C 42 3 Pi O X H < 155 PEINCETON UNIVERSITY LIBSAEY Permit for the Use of Seminary, No. 56 The above mentioned is liereby authorized to draw from the Library of the Seminary subject to the Library regulations. Director. N". B. — Ecferenee books and periodicals, whether bound or unbound, may be taken only over night. {Princeton University Library: Seminary permit.) Stack Admission Slip, No. 57 [JBEARY OF PEINCETON UNIVERSITY STACK ADMISSION SLIP For admission to the Stack sign this slip across the end and give to the attendant in eliarw. 156 BLANKS AND POEMS Newspaper and Periodical Checking Card, No. 58 Jan 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 V 10 11 12 13 14 IS 16 17 18 10 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 SS8 20 30 3: Feb 1 a 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 SO 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 20 30 31 March 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 » 10 11 12 13 14 15 18 17 18 10 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 20 30 3: April 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 May 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 SO 31 Jmne 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 20 30 31 July 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 10 SO 21 22 23 24 25 -86 27 28 aO 30 31 Ang 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 13 13 14 15 10 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 20 30 33 Sept 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 28 27 38 29 30 31 Oct 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 13 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 31 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Si Nov 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 13 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 32 33 24 35 26 27 28 20 SS 3J Dec I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 36 27 38 39 30 31 157 PKINCETON UNIVERSITY LIBRARY LIBRARY EQUIPMENT EXHIBITION, JUNE 29, 1916. List of exhibits. A. Specimen catalogues. B. Samples of printed forms used in the Cataloguing Department. C. Specimen paphlet file. D. Specimen file advance sheets U. S. Government documents. B. Combined shelf label and book support. F. Table tray used as periodical file. G. Wooden stack unit and tote box. H. Steel stack unit and tote box. I. Steel box to contain five pamphlet boxes. J. Steel shelf for newspaper shelving. K. Portfolio of mounted photographs from Art Museum. L. Set of book-plates, acknowledgments and stamps. M. Shelf dummy. N. Binder's dmnmy. 0. Seminary finding list. 2 v. P. Librarian's report, 1914-1915. Q. Printed handbooks, 2 v. R. Group of finding lists, etc., printed in the Library. 6 v. S. Catalogues of special exhibits, 1916. 2 v. T. demons — Bibliography of Woodrow Wilson. U. Price clipping files. 158 PRINCETON UNIVERSITY LIBRARY INDEX Belcher Library, original deed, 4-11. Club houses, 2. Green Library, 35, 36, 65. Green Library, plan, 64. Illumination of manuscripts exhibition, 105. Philological Society of Nassau Hall, 12-16. Photostat, 121. Princeton, battleground, 3. Princeton, campus, 1. Princeton, libraries, 2, 3. Princeton, map of, facing 1. Princeton, short walks about, 1. Printing and binding exhibition, 131. Publications, University Library, 88. Publications, University Press, 90. Pyne Library, 36, 37, 65, 66. Pyne Library, plan, 64. Shakespeare exhibit, 93. University Library, Frontispiece. University Library, p. 3. University Library, Art of Illumination Exhibition, 105. University Library, blanks and forms, 133ff. University Library, history, 4-66. University Library in 1879, 17-24. University Library in 1898, 24-42. University Library in 1900, 42-48. University Library in 1905, 48-53. University Library in 1915-1916, 54-63. University Library June 1916, 64-66. University Library, Librarians, 30-32. University Library, Librarian's report 1914-15, 60-63. University Library, Library equipment exhibition, 158ff. University Library, Lytle War Relics Exhibition, 73ff. University Library, Photostat Exhibition, 121ff. University Library, Printing and binding exhibits, 131ff. University Library, publications, 88-9. University Library, reorganization of 1900, 42. University Library, Shakespeare Exhibition, 93. University Library, special collections, 56-59. University Librarj^, special exhibits, 67ff. University Library, staff, 54. University Library, War Poster Exhibition, 69ff. University Press, p.2. University Press, publications, 90-92. War relics, 73ff. 159