,*AW vv. 27-30). Realize the effects upon John of months of imprisonment in the fortress of Herod at Machaerus. 3. Having in mind the effects of the event of § 51, read Luke's 1 8th verse in § 52, and follow it by the 2d of Matthew. What had the disciples of John previously told Jesus (§ 43, Mt., V. 14)? What indication of John's spirit does this give? What impression would these differences likely make upon John? 4. In § 52, read Lu., vv. 19, 20. Why did John ask this question? What was his announcement about Jesus (§ 18, Mt., vv. 10-12)? Was Jesus fulfilling John's conception (cf. § 47, Mt, vv. 19, 20)? Was the Kingdom of God com- ing in the ways John expected (cf. § 108, v. 20)? What effect would the calm and noiseless movement of the Kingdom have upon him? 5. What then was Jesus doing? Read v. 21. But how will He answer the very direct and far-reaching question of John? Read v. 22. Did not John already know these things? Had John been anticipating in accord with prophetic utterances (cf. § 36, vv. 17-19)? 6. Learn John's profoundest wish for Jesus (§30, v. 30); in what relation does the prophet now stand to the Master (§52, Lu., v. 23)? 7. Read rapidly through § 52, Mt, vv. 2-6. PERSONAL THOUGHT: * 'Blessed is he, whosoever shall find none occasion of stum- bling in me"-has Jesus thus far been an occasion of stumbling to me at any point? or have I accepted and fulfilled each moral demand as He has made it? do I stumble at His teaching concerning how much of my life He asks? Jesus expects me to find ''none occasion of sinmbling^^ in Him. "Blessed is he" -and none other. 66 Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 9: THE SECOND PREACHING TOUR IN GALILEE FOURTH DAY: § 52. JOHN THE BAPTIST'S LAST MESSAGE (concluded) 1. We have made a study of the testimony of John to Jesus (§ 30j vv. 27-30); Jesus now bears testimony to the moral worth of John. Read the high testimony so charmingly expressed in § 52, Lu., vv. 24-28. 2. Is there any reason suggested why Jesus spoke after the mes- sengers were gone (v. 28, last sentence)? For an answer to Jesus* question in v. 24, think over the character of the preaching of John (§ 18, Lu., vv. 10-14), recalling especially the act which led to his imprisonment (§ 34, Mk., v. 18). For a contrast with the apparel and living of which Jesus speaks in v. 25, read again § 18, Mk., v. 6. What had John done when he was "in kings' courts" ? John was *'a prophet" of whom there had been a prophecy; refer to Mai. 3:1. 3. What is meant by the last sentence of Lu., v. 28? Be helped to an understanding of it by recalling John's conception of the Kingdom of God as revealed in yesterday's study. Consider this as Jesus' explanation of John's perplexity. 4. This reference to John awakens thoughts of the reception he had received. Read Lu., vv. 29, 30. For: **the people," '*the publicans'*; against: *'the Pharisees," **the lawyers." What of Jesus* reception? 5. Those against the ministry of each have reasons. Read Lu., w. 31-34. Consider the beauty of the figure taken from the children playing at games in a public place. Recall how John lived; and the occasion when this charge was brought against Jesus (§§42, 43). Neither pleased the religious lead- ers; both (Lu., V, 35) pleased God and the rightminded. 6. Matthew's narrative is substantially the same, except for the addition in vv. 12-15. Glance rapidly through it and make a second reading of vv. 12-15. For the reference to Elijah, read Mai. 4:5. The Jews interpreted this to mean that he would come to life again (cf § 21, v. 21, and § 4, v. 17). What is meant by'*the Kingdom of heaven suffereth violence"? PERSONAL THOUGHT: "They which are gorgeously apparelled, and live delicately, are in kings' courts'*-how did Jesus dress and live? how do I dress and live? have I likeness to Him in these things? do I please Him? 67 Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 9: THE SECOND PREACHING TOUR IN GALILEE Fifth Day: § 53. Anointing of Jesus in the House of Simon THE Pharisee (continued) 1 . What attitude had the Pharisees as a class assumed toward Jesus? Is it probable that all individuals of the sect had the same feelings about Him? In § 53, read v. 36. What was the probable purpose in this invitation? ' 'Sat down to meat, ' ' that is, rechned resting on the elbow with unsandalled feet on the couch. 2. Eastern hospitality led to houses being left open; any one might enter during a meal. Read vv, 37, 38. The name of **the city*' is not known; it may have been Magdala. "Sin- ner'* was the Jewish term for a harlot. "She sat and wept beside His feet. The weight Of sin oppressed her heart; for all the blame And the poor malice of the worldly shame To her were past, extinct, and out of date: Only the sin remained-the leprous state. She would be melted by the heat of love, By fires far fiercer than are blown to prove And purge the silver ore adulterate. She sat and wept, and with her untressed hair Still wiped the feet she was so blest to touch; And He wiped off the soiling of despair From her sweet soul, because she loved so much." 3. But there was another spirit in the room than the compassion- ate one of the pure Jesus. Read v. 39. The Jewish Rabbis had contempt for all women, and would not have allowed a sinful woman to touch them. "To speak with a woman" was one of the six things which a Rabbi might not do. What spirit toward Jesus does this Pharisee here reveal? 4. The Pharisee had need of teaching. Jesus' method is full of beauty. Read vv. 40-43. What touch of the spirit of Simon comes in 'T suppose"? 5. *'Thou hast rightly judged' *-but there is to be an application which will be most searching. That for the study of tomorrow. PERSONAL THOUGHT: "Simon, I have somewhat to say unto thee* '-am I anxious to listen to, learn, and obey the messages of Jesus by which He would correct the faults of my life? Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 9: THE SECOND PREACHING TOUR IN GALILEE Sixth Day: § 53. Anointing of Jesus in the House of Simon THE Pharisee (concluded) 1. Simon has judged rightly of the parable; is he prepared for the significance of its application? Read vv. 44-47. "Seest thou this woman" -as a Pharisee he would scarcely have deigned to look at her. Which is the more attractive, the penitent sinner or the self-righteous ? Water for the feet was one of the commonest courtesies. ' 'With her tears' ' : * 'The most priceless of waters.'* "She poured forth tears, the blood of the heart. ' ' The kiss was a customary mark of respect; to anoint with oil, usual in the case of an honored guest. What does Simon's treatment of Jesus suggest as to the spirit which prompted the invitation? 2. To what state in the woman does Jesus attribute the forgive- ness of her sins (v. 47)? Is love a means of pardon? Must one have sinned much and been forgiven much in order to love much? Godet: "What is wanting to the best of us, in order to love much, is not sin, but the knowledge of it.'* What was Simon's state? 3. Read vv. 48-50. Compare the statement of v. 50 with that of v. 47. What is the distinction? With vv. 48, 49, com pare the incident of § 41, Mk., vv. 5-7. 4. Consider the restfulness in Jesus' last words to the woman. Now read through § 53 from the first to the last. Gregory the Great: "As oft as I think over this event, I am more disposed to weep over it than to preach upon it." Personal thought: "She loved much"-does this express my feelings toward Christ? or have I yet allowed Him place enough in my life to awaken such a relationship? "To whom litde is forgiven, the same loveth little." Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 9: THE SECOND PREACHING TOUR IN GALILEE SEVENTH DAY: §54. CHRIST'S COMPANIONS ON HIS SECOND PREACHING Tour 1. Trace the movements of Jesus since he last left Capernaum. Now read § 54. Starting with the removal to Capernaum (§ 37)> discover what events made up the history between each subsequent return to that city. Between what two times of entrance into Capernaum was the first tour of Galilee made? Read again the account of the first tour (§ 40, Mt., V. 23). What did Jesus do on the first tour? What on the second? 2. What significance is there in the statement, * *and with him the twelve" (v. I )? What would this tour mean to them? 3. For the need Jesus had of being ministered to by these women, see § 86, Lu., v. 58. It is elsewhere mentioned, § 140: Mt., vv. 55, 56; Mk., vv. 40, 41. For other mention of Mary Magdalene, see § 141, Lu., v. 55; § 143, Mk,, v. i; § 143, Jo., v. 11-18. Joanna is spoken of again in § 143, Lu., v. 10. We know nothing more of Susanna. 4. What was the subject of Jesus' preaching (v. i)? What is meant by "the Kingdom of God"? Determine this by a study of: § 5, v. 33; § 18, Mt., v. 2; § 28, vv. 3, 5; § 34^ Mk., v. 15; Mt., V. 17; § 40: Mt.. V. 23; Lu., v. 43; § 49, Mt. 5:3 (cf. Lu., V. 20), ID, 19, 20, Mt. 6: 10, 33, Mt 7:21; § 50, Mt., VV. II, 12; § 52, Mt., VV. II, 12; Lu., V. 28; § 54, V. I. Personal thought: ''Which ministered unto them of their substance'* -am I doing all that Jesus would have me do to advance the King- dom of God in the giving of my substance? 70 Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 10: A DAY OF TEACHING BY THE SEA OF GALILEE First Day; § 55. Warnings to the Scribes and Pharisees: "An Eternal Sin" (continued) 1. The last Study was on The Second Preaching Tour in Gali- lee. Jesus passed from Capernaum out into the cities and villages of Galilee. Where did He go after the first tour (§41, Mk., V. I, cf footnote^)? Read §55, Mk., v. 19 (cf. footnote*). Where was the "house" (cf § 57, Mt, v. I )? Read § 55, Mk., v. 20, and cf § 41, Mk., v. 2. Read § 55, Mk., V. 21, and cf § 26. Had Jesus' ''friends'* moved to Capernaum with Him? Consider their judgment of Him. 2. Read § 55, Mk., v. 22. "The scribes which came down from Jerusalem "-what company met Jesus at Capernaum after the first tour (§ 41, Lu., v. 17)? What was their pur- pose in each case? 3. Mark omits the instance which preceded the charge, therefore read now § 55, Lu., vv. 14-16. What three classes does Luke distinguish? Read § 55, Mt., vv. 22-24. Consider especially that most significant suggestion of the people (v. 23). By ''son of David" they meant the Messiah. What effect would such recognition of Jesus have upon the religious leaders? Will they not now say their worst against Him (v. 24)? 4. The charge made against Jesus seems serious, but is it reason- able? How will Jesus answer it? Read § 55, Mk., vv. 23-26. With Mark's verses, rapidly compare Matthew (§ 55. vv. 25. 26), then Luke (§ 55, vv. 17, 18). 5. The logic is surely irresistible, but there is another argument. In Jesus' time it was very common for Jews to profess to cast out demons (cf. Acts 19:13). Read § 55: Lu., vv. 19, 20; 71 Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 10: A DAY OF TEACHING BY THE SEA OF GALILEE FIRST Day: § 55. Warnings to the Scribes and Pharisees: "An Eternal Sin" (continued) Mt., w. 27, 28. How can they answer this question? How can they resist this conclusion? 6. But there is another way of coming to a decision concerning the real source of the power which Jesus used. Read § 55: Mt., vv. 29, 30; Lu., vv. 21-23; Mk., V. 27. 7. Did the scribes and Pharisees believe that Jesus cast out demons by the power of Satan? Was such a belief in any degree reasonable? Did they not know that the power must come from God? What then had they done? Read §55: Mk., vv. 28-30; Mt, vv. 31, 32. Is it possible for any one to be guilty of * 'an eternal sin' ' in these days? 8. What is the essential difference between this instance of opposition from scribes and Pharisees and those which have preceded it? Personal thought.- '*He that is not with me is against me"-is there any part of my life which is not with Christ? That then is against Him. Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 10: A DAY OF TEACHING BY THE SEA OP GALILEE Second Day: § 55. Warnings to the Scribes and Pharisees: "An Eternal Sin" (concluded) 1. "By their fruits ye shall know them" (§49, Mt 7:16). If Jesus does a good work why charge it to an evil spirit? Read § 55, Mt, V. 33. 2. This blasphemy of the scribes and Pharisees is not a mere incident; it grows from roots which are deep. Read § 55, Mt., vv. 34-37. Why is it that Jesus places such great emphasis upon words? How does the "eternal sin*' find expression? The other side: James 3:2. 3. For the form of Jesus' teaching read § 55, Mk., v. 23. Now read § 55, Lu., vv. 24-26. Compare § 55, Mt., vv. 43-45. Of what spiritual realities does Jesus here speak? Read § 55, Lu., vv. 27, 28. 4. Not all who saw and heard Jesus spoke of Him as did * 'some of them" (Lu., V. 15). "Others" tempted Him by a request (Lu., v. 16). Having answered the serious charge, Jesus returns to the request. Read § 55, Lu., vv. 29-32. "Sign": perhaps such as had been seen from Moses, Joshua, Samuel, Elijah. "The preaching of Jonah": Jonah 3:5; "the queen of the south": i Kings 10:1-13. Rapidly read through Matthew's parallel account (w. 38-42). For an explanation of Luke's 30th verse, read again Matthew's 40th, and refer to Jonah 1:17. What was the exact intention of the "others" (Lu.) or "certain" (Mt.) in asking a "sign" from Jesus? 5. "How can ye, being evil, speak good things" (Mt, v. 34)? The trouble was radical. A change of view on this or that specific point was of no avail. What was needed to under- stand Jesus was "the single eye." The scribes were the "light" of the Jewish people. Therefore, concluding words: § 55, Lu., vv. 33 36. Personal thought: "Look therefore whether the light that is in thee be not darkness"-how may I know that I am not deceived? The answer of Jesus: "when thine eye is single, thy whole body also is full of light. ' ' Have I the single eye, the undivided will, the spirit which knows no Master save Jesus? 73 Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 10: A DAY OF TEACHING BY THE SEA OF GALILEE Third Day: § 56. The True kindred of Christ 1. We have learned something of the attitude assumed toward Jesus by the religious leaders of His time. The general spirit of the people has been revealed. But what thoughts had His friends and brethren concerning Him? Read again § 55, Mk., vv. 19-21 (c£ § 82, V. 5). 2. But some with keener spiritual insight, recognizing His greatness, conceived it to be a blessed privilege to bear relationship to Him. Read again § 55, Lu., vv. 27, 28. 3. Remembering where Jesus was (§ 55, Mk., v. 19; § 57, Mt., V. I ), read the account by Matthew in § 56. Why had they come for Jesus (cf. §55, Mk., vv. 21, 30)? In whose house was Jesus?-possibly answered in § 39, Mk., v. 29. Why not in the house of "his friends"? 4. In § 56, read the narrative by Mark; then that of Luke. Readalsog 134: Jo. 15:14; Jo. 14:21; and Heb. 2:11. 5. Did Jesus despise natural earthly relationships? Read § 140, Jo., vv. 26, 27. 6. What relation is there between the ruling passion of the life of Jesus and that which He requires in His disciples? Read § 33> vv. 32, 34; § 44, V. 30, last clause. With § 56, com- pare §49: Mt. 6:10; Mt. 7:21. PERSONAL THOUGHT: **They that hear the word of God, and keep it" (§ 55, Lu., V. 28). "These which hear the word of God, and do\\!' (§ 56, Lu., V. 21). ''Whosoever shall do the will of God" (§56, Mk., v. 35). * 'Whosoever shall do the will of my Father which is in heaven" (§ 56, Mt., v. 5o)-judged by this high test which Jesus gives, have I any kinship to Him? If not, am I a Christ\2X^. 74 Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 10: A DAY OF TEACHING BY THE SEA OF GALILEE FOURTH DAY: § 57. THE PARABLES BY THE Sea (continued) 1. Where had the events of §§ 55, 56 taken place? What is said of the gathering of the people at this time (§ 55. Mk., V. 20; § 56, Lu., V. 19)? What had Jesus done under similar circumstances in the past (§ 38, Lu., v. 3; § 47, Mk,, V. 9)? Read § 57: Mt, vv. i, 2; Mk., vv. i, 2; Lu., V. 4. Time: **on that day"; from whence: "the house"; to whence: **the sea side"; conditions: '*a very great multi- tude" '*of every city"; activities: ''he taught them many things in parables." Make comparisons, in these points, between this and the two other occasions by the sea. 2. Read the parable of the sower as given by Luke (§ 57, Lu., w. 5-8). Take now Matthew's record (§ 57, Mt., vv. 3-9), and study the differences. Compare Luke and Matthew with Mark (§ 57, Mk., vv. 3-9). Consider how naturally the agricultural scenes which Jesus had witnessed would sug- gest this parable. 3. In this parable, determine what is meant by: (i) the seed, (2) the way side, (3) the rock, (4) the thorns, (5) the good ground. 4. The disciples are not certain that they apprehend this para- ble. Why, in any case, does Jesus use this form of teach- ing? Read § 57: Mk., vv. 10, 11; Mt, w. 10, 11. 5. Leaving the full reply of Jesus to be considered on the Seventh Day, study now only His explanation of this para- ble in answer to the request. Read § 57, Lu., vv. 11-15. Make a study of such differences as are shown by Matthew (§ 57» Mt., vv. 18-23) and by Mark (§57, Mk. , vv. 13-20). Compare the determinations made under 3.,with this authori- tative interpretation. 6. Dwell upon the beauty of this parable, and upon its trath as evidenced in all ages. PERSONAL THOUGHT: **Such as hear the word, and accept it, and bear fruit" -am I one of such? How may I know whether I have truly heard and rightly accepted? Jesus' answer: "The tree is known by its fruit" (§55, Mt., V. 33). 75 Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 10: A DAY OF TEACHING BY THE SEA OF GALILEE Fifth Day: § 57. The Parables by the Sea (continued) 1. That the Kingdom of God may be founded amongst men, there must first be a sowing of *'the word of the kingdom/^ Will all of such seed bring forth a harvest? Jesus has just taught that it will not. 2. Leaving that special teaching of Jesus which is placed by Mark and Luke immediately after the explanation of the parable of the sower (pp. 76, 77) for consideration on the Seventh Day^ pass now to the second parable. Not alone is it true that only some of the good seed grows; there is another sowing of which Jesus taught. 3. Not only is much good seed unproductive, but much bad seed is sown and grows. Read § 57, Mt., vv. 24-30. Endeavor to determine what Jesus meant by: ( i) the sower of good seed, (2) the field, (3) the good seed, (4) the tares, (5) the enemy, (6) the harvest, (7) the reapers. 4. We are not left to our own decisions concerning the interpre- tation of the parable. Read § 57, Mt, v. 36. "The house' *-cf Mt., V. i. When was the parable of the sower explained (§ 57, Mk., v. 10)? Read § 57, Mt., vv. 37-43. 5. The truth of "the parable of the tares of the field'* may be expressed under other terms. Read § 57, Mt., vv. 47-50. 6. What are the general truths concerning the Kingdom of God revealed by Jesus in these two parables? PERSONAL THOUGHT: ''The good seed, these are the sons of the kingdom" -am I numbered with these? How may I know of a certainty? Jesus' answer: § 49, Mt. 7:21. 76 Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 10: A DAY OF TEACHING BY THE SEA OF GALILEE Sixth Day: § 57. The Parables by the Sea (continued) 1. "The field is the world." In that field there is a sowing of **the word of the kingdom." But there is also a sowing of **tares." The Kingdom of God is founded by "the word of the kingdom"; its mode of development is not by separation; its members grow up with the "tares." Only a part of the good seed grows; that which does is surrounded by "tares." These truths are not encouraging. But there is another side. 2. It is still the seed and a sower. Read§ 57, Mk., vv. 26-29, Determine exactly what truths this parable teaches concerning the development of the Kingdom of God. 3. But though such are the laws of xhQ growth of the Kingdom of God-silence, inwardness, gradualness-that kingdom has an assured future. Read § 57: Mk., vv. 30-32; Mt., vv. 31, 32. 4. The future of the Kingdom of God is not only assured; the method by which that future will be attained is also indicated. Read § 57, Mt., v. 33. It is a transforming power, work- ing from within outwards till society is "all leavened." 5. If then the Kingdom of God be so great a transforming energy, what is the measure of its worth to the individual? Read § 57, Mt. , v. 44. The knowledge of the Kingdom of God comes at times to those not specially seeking it. 6. But there are ever those earnestly searching for the truth. Read § 57, Mt., vv. 45, 46, That spirit which is seeking for the supreme good finds it in the Kingdom of God. PERSONAL THOUGHT: "Selleth all that he hath and buyeth" "Sold all that he had and bought"-have I given God all that I have, all of my possessions, all of myself? Does Jesus ask so much? His answer: § loi, v. 33. 77 Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 10: A DAY OF TEACHING BY THE SEA OF GALILEE Seventh Day: § 57. The Parables by the Sea (concluded) 1 . In studying the several parables in their connections and rela- tions, certain portions of § 57 have been passed over. We now return to these. 2. Read § 57, Lu., vv. 9, 10. What does Jesus mean by the reason He here gives for speaking in parables? Did He not wish the people in general to understand? Read § 57, Mk., vv. 10-12. Did not Jesus wish to forgive them? What does He mean? Read § 57, Mt., vv. 10-17, What help to the answers of some previous questions, raised by the accounts of Luke and Mark, comes from the fuller report of Matthew, especially V. 13? The citation is from Isa. 6:9, 10. The "your" of V. 16, is very emphatic. 3. What Matthew reports in v. 12 is given by Mark and Luke after the interpretation of the parable. Read' now § 57, Lu., vv. 16-18. Compare Luke's 17th verse with his loth; his i8th with Matthew's 12th, Read § 57, Mk., vv. 21-25. What precisely is meant by § 57: Mt., v. 12; Mk., v. 25; Lu., V. 18? 4. Following the parables spoken to the multitudes and preced- ing the expositions in "the house," Matthew and Mark each summarize. Read § 57, Mt., vv. 34, 35. The citation is from Psalm 78:2. Was David a prophet (cf. Acts 2:30)? Read§ 57, Mk., vv. 33, 34. 5. After the expositions and additional parables, Jesus has a question. Read § 57, Mt., vv. 51, 52. Read the conclud- ing verse, § 57, Mt., V. 53. PERSONAL THOUGHT: To the disciples: ''Unto you it is given to know the mys- teries of the kingdom of God. ' ' Am I a disciple? The test of my discipleship: "Have ye understood all these things?" 78 Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 11: THE THIRD PREACHING TOUR IN GALILEE First Day: § 58. The stilling of the Tempest 1 . We spent all of last week in the study of what was but a part of one day of Jesus' life. Recall the events and discourses of that day. Strong opposition from ' 'scribes and Phari- sees," misunderstanding on the part of "friends,'* only partial appreciation by "disciples' M Healing, answering, correcting, teaching! Physically considered, what would be Jesus' con- dition after such a day? 2. Read § 58, Lu.v. 22. But, "one of these days" is indefinite. Read § 58, Mt. vv. 18, 23. But, **great multitudes" were often about Jesus. Read § 58, Mk. vv. 35, 36. "Even as he was"-what is meant (cf. § 57, Mk. v. i)? "Other boats" -had they gathered about for a more favorable posi- tion in listening? 3. Galilee, like other lakes surrounded by mountains, is subject to sudden and violent storms of wind. They often occur when the weather is clear, especially toward evening, after a warm day. Read § 58: Mt. v. 24; Lu. v. 23. What is suggested by the "came down" of Luke? Read § 58, Mk. V. 37 and first sentence of v. 38. Observe the minute touches Mark is giving. "He fell asleep"-think again of the day which preceded this "even." 4. But there were others than the quiet One in the boat. Read § 58: Mt. vv. 25-27; Lu. w. 24, 25. Study the beautiful extra touches of Mark (vv. 38-41 ). 5. What did Jesus mean by His question about the "faith" of the disciples? "Faith," in whom? What should they have done? What was there wrong in them? Suggested: "When faith possesses the heart, its prayer may be passionate and urgent, but it will not be full of trouble, ' ' 6. The effect upon the disciples (Mt. v. 27; Mk. v. 41; Lu. v. 79 Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 11: THE THIRD PREACHING TOUR IN GALILEE FIRST DAY: § 58. The Stilling of the Tempest 25): Wherein did this act of Jesus differ from those which they had previously witnessed? "They seem to have got a glimpse into the interior of something that stretched away into infinity." 7. Dwell upon the sublime scene brought before us in this beau- tiful picture: the sleeping Master, the raging sea, the terrified disciples, the majestic Lord, the rebuking Teacher, the dis- ciples with a new vision. Personal Thoughts: **Why are ye fearful, O ye of little faith"? "Where is your faith"? "Have ye not yet faith"? Is my will so completely at one with that of God that it takes me only to God's places for me, in which, therefore, I can have absolute confidence, trust, faith that all will be well, and be free from anxious thought? 80 Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 11 : THE THIRD PREACHING TOUR IN GALILEE SECOND DAY: § 59. The Gadarene Demoniacs 1. For what purpose did Jesus and His disciples *'go over unto the other side of the lake"? What cities does the map show as located on '*the other side"? 2. Read § 59, Mt. v. 28. Find Gadara on the map, southeast of the lake. It was an important city, and may have given its name to adjacent territory. "The tombs" : as customary, outside of any city, and hewn out of rock in mountain sides. Traces of them may be seen today. Read § 59, Lu. vv, 26, 27, 29, Find Gergesa. "The country" was rightly designated by either term. "Two" (Mt. ), "a certain" (Lu. ): one may have been much more prominent. Read § 59, Mk. vv. 1-5. Warburton: "On descending from the heights of Lebanon, I found myself in a cemetery. . . . The silence of the night was now broken by fierce yells and howlings, which I discovered proceeded from a naked maniac, who was fight- ing with some wild dogs for a bone. * ' * 3. Read § 59: Mt. v. 29; Lu. w. 28, 30, 31. "What is thy name?": a simple method of bringing the man to himself. Read § 59, Mk. vv. 6-10. "The holy calm, gentle majesty, tender compassion, and conscious sovereignty which - were expressed in the aspect of Jesus, awakened in him, by force of contrast, the humbling consciousness of his own state of moral disorder." 4. Read § 59, Mt. vv. 30-32. "Near Gergesa is the only spot on the entire lake where a steep slope sweeps down to within a few yards of the sea." Read § 59: Lu. vv. 32, 33; Mk. vv. 11-13. 5. Read § 59, Mt. vv. 33, 34. Why did they wish Jesus to depart? Read § 59: Mk. w. 14-17; Lu. vv. 34-37. Observe Mark's extra touch, "even him that had the legion"; 81 Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 11: THE THIRD PREACHING TOUR IN GALILEE SECOND DAY: § 59. The Gadarene Demoniacs and Luke's, *'at the feet of Jesus/* What was the nature of the * 'fear' 7 6. Read § 59: Lu. vv. 38, 39; Mk. vv. 18-20. Why did he wish to go with Jesus? Why did Jesus refuse? For what reason did Jesus command this man to tell, while he forbade others in Galilee? Observe the result (§ 59, Mk. v. 20, last sentence). 7. Consider the requests: (i) demons, (2) Gadarenes, (3) restored man. How did Jesus answer each? Personal Thoughts: '*Go to thy house unto thy friends^ and tell them how great things the Lord hath done for thee'* (Mk. v. 19). Have I obeyed this command of Jesus? Have I permitted Jesus to do **great things** for me? Have I fulfilled the conditions upon which He is willing to do ''great things" for me? If I were to obey and "go" would I, in truth, have any "great things'* of which to tell? Upon whose will are these dependent? 82 Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 11: THE THIRD PREACHING TOUR IN GALILEE Third Day; § 60. The Raising of Jairus'S Daughter §61. THE Two BUND Men and the Dumb Demoniac 1 . What works were asked of Jesus on His several returns to Capernaum (§ 35, v. 46, "sick at CapernaunC^ ; § 41; § 50; § 55, Mt. )? Now read § 60, Mt. vv. i, 18, 19. In v. i, find how Capernaum was now distinguished. "These things" : connect v. 18 with§ 43. Matthew records events by groups, rather than chronologically. Read § 60, Lu. w. 40-42, "All waiting' ' : imagine the scene, recalling them as He left them (cf. § 57, Mk, v. i; § 58, Mk. v. 36). ''Of the syna- gogue'*: cf § 50, Lu. V. 5. "To come'\- compare the request of the Jew with that of the Gentile, § 50, Lu. v. 7, Read § 60, Mk. w. 21-24. With what previous request had Jairus probably come (§ 50, Lu. v. 3)? 2. Read § 60, Mt. vv. 20-22, To what did Jesus attribute the cure? Read§ 60, Lu. vv. 43-48, "Peter said": what char- acteristics of the man are here shown? "In the presence of all the people' ' : consider the depressed and crushed condition of the spirit of this one from whom for years all had held aloof (Lev. 15:25). "Daughter'*: the only recorded instance of the use of this tender term by Jesus. "Christ is the Saviour for secret suffering and silent sighs," Read § 60, Mk. vv. 25-34. Observe Mark's details (v. 26). The basis of the woman's faith: v, 27. "Fearing and trembling": for her touch had made Jesus Levitically unclean. 3. Read § 60: Mk. vv. 35-37; Lu. vv. 49-51. What selection is now made from amongst the twelve? 4. Read §60, Mt, w, 23-26. "The fiute-players" : as in the East to this day. Study the force of the last sentence of v. 24. Read § 60, Lu, w, 52-56. Compare Lu. v, 56 with 83 Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 11: THE THIRD PREACHING TOUR IN GALILEE Third Day: § 60. The Raising of Jairus's Daughter § 61. The Two Blind Men and the Dumb Demoniac Mt. V. 26. Read § 60, Mk. vv. 38-43. Study the effect: last sentence of v. 42. 5. Read § 61, vv. 27-31. 'The house": cf §57, Mt. v. i; § 55, Mk. V. 19. ''Strictly'* or sternly: why? With v. 30, compare § 60, Lu. v. 56; with v. 31, compare § 60, Mt. v. 26. 6. Read § 6r, vv. 32-34, **Went forth": to Nazareth (cf §62). Contrast the effect on '*the multitudes*' with that on '*the Pharisees." For Jesus' answer to such a charge, see § 55. Personal Thoughts: • *'Thy faith hath made thee whole" (§ 60, Mt., Mk., Lu.). "Only believe'' (§ 60, Mk., Lu. ). ''Believe y^V (§61). Have I made it possible, by my faith, for Jesus to work great moral changes in me? Has He made me whole, morally? Has He quickened me from my death through trespasses and sins? Has He opened my eyes to the "mysteries of the King- dom of God"? "According to your faith be it done unto you" (§ 6t, v. 29). 84 Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 11: THE THIRD PREACHING TOUR IN GALILEE fourth day: § 62. second rejection at nazareth § 63. Third Preaching Tour Continued 1. Recall fully the circumstances and incidents of the reception Jesus had at Nazareth at the opening of His ministry in Gali- lee (§ 36 ). Rapidly review, in memory, all that had occurred since (§§ 37-61). 2. Read § 62, Mt vv. 54-58. From this account, gather all the suggestions given concerning the family, social and industrial relations of Jesus during the first thirty years of His life. 3. Read §62, Mk. vv. i-6a. "The carpenter": amongst the Jews all sons were taught a trade. This was true even of the Rabbis. Paul was a tent-maker (Acts 18:3). A Jewish proverb: ''he who teaches not his son a trade, teaches him to be a thief." Study the effect of the attitude assumed by the Nazarenes (v. 5). It is not recorded that Jesus ever returned to Nazareth. 4. "A prophet is not without honor, save in his own country (cf. § 36, v 29), and among his own kin (cf. § 55, Mk. v. 21), and in his own house'^ (cf. § 82, v. 5). 5. Study and contrast the only two recorded instances of the astonishment of Jesus (§ 62, Mk. v. 6 and § 50, Lu. v. 9). 6. Read § 63: Mk. v. 6 b; Mt. v. 35. With this very brief statement of extensive activities on the //«>^/ tour, compare the summary of the second tour (§ 54), and of the first tour (§ 40: Mt. V. 23; Mk. V. 39; Lu. v. 44). Dwell much, in thought and imagination, upon these records, that an adequate conception of the extent of Jesus' work may be gained. Personal Thoughts: 1. "Whence hath this man this wisdom?'* Have I any wisdom which cannot be explained by the natural conditions of my life? 2. "He did not many mighty works there because of their unbelief" Has Jesus done many mighty works within me? Is He willing? What determines the extent of His work on my behalf? 85 Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 11: THE THIRD PREACHING TOUR IN GALILEE FIFTH DAY: § 64. The Mission of the Twelve (continued) 1. For what purposes did Jesus choose the twelve (§ 48, Mk. vv. 14, 15)? "That they might be with him*': what have they seen and heard since that time (§§ 49-63)? *'That he might send them forth" : now they are ready. But what of the field? Read § 64, Mt. 9:36-38. '*Send forth": the same word, in the Greek, as in § 20, Mk. v. 1 2 ! 2. The prayer is answered through those who pray. Read § 64: Lu. V. i; Mk. v. 7; Mt. 10:1. Since Mt. vv. 2-4 has been studied under § 48, pass over these names. 3. ''These twelve Jesus sent forth, and charged them, saying": (i) The field: Read Mt. 10:5, 6. This, for the pres- ent; but cf § 50, Mt. v. II. (2) The manner: **by two and two" (Mk. v. 7). Read the couples (Mt. vv, 2-4). (3) The mission: (a) in speech: Read first sentence of Lu. V. 2; Mt. 10:7 (cf. John, § 18, Mt. v. 2; Jesus, § 34, Mt. V. 17). What does the message mean? (b) in act: Read Mk. v. 7; Lu. w. i and last sentence of 2; Mt. 10:1, 8. ''Freely" here x^^-^ns gratis. The power was a gift ( Lu. v. I ); no money was to be taken for its exercise. (4) The means: Read Lu. v. 3; Mk. vv. 8, 9; Mt. vv. 9, ID. Were these specific directions meant for the guidance of disciples under all circumstances and in all times (cf. § 118, Jo. 12:6; § 133, Jo. V. 29; § 134, Lu. vv. 35,36)? (5) The method: Read Lu. vv. 4, 5; Mk. vv. 10, 11; Mt. w. 11-15. This method was possible because of the open hospitality of the East; there would be but two together. "There ^^/^ § 94> V. 37). These invitations were mere plots, or, at best, occasions for severe criticism. Their purpose is even more evident in an occasion of which we are now told. Read § 100, v. I. The host was a leader in his sect. Their trap is revealed by v. 2. In the presence of this man, Jesus recog- nizes their question; read His answer in v. 3. Study Jesus* answer to His own question as given in vv. 4-6. Study the attitude of the scribes and Pharisees (vv. 4, 6)-yet they were the great religious authorities of Judaism. 2. The guests now seat themselves at the table. Study the scene,-v. 7; then, the beautiful parable, -vv. 8-10. Dwell thoughtfully upon the great moral truth taught by the para- ble, -v. II. 3. "The company is seated. Jesus, observing that the guests in general belonged to the upper classes of society, addresses to His host a lesson." Read vv. 12-14. What is the lesson which Jesus here teaches? 4. Jesus had made reference to the recompense which comes to the truly charitable *'in the resurrection of the just." It awakens reflections in one of the guests, -read v. 15. All Jews held it to be almost inconceivable that any circumcised son of Abraham should be excluded. In vv. 16-24, study the parable by which Jesus reveals the truth with reference to the place of Jew and Gentile in the Kingdom of God. PERSONAL Thoughts: * 'Every one that exalteth himself shall be humbled; and he that humbleth himself shall be exalted-" Is my life charac- terized by the sincere humility which Jesus commends? Do I seek recognition, and position, and power? 134 Studies in the Life of Christ S'y^UDY 18: THE MINISTRY OF JESUS BEYOND JORDAN SEVENTH DAY: § 101, DISCOURSE ON COUNTING THE COST 1. As Jesus "went on his way," "journeying on unto Jerusalem" he was followed by "great multitudes" (first clause of § loi, V. 25). He recognizes that this is the result of a mis- understanding. The Gospel, rightly apprehended, will not be the concern of the multitude. He speaks now, that this false situation may be revealed. 2. For Jesus' first statement of the real requirement for true discipleship read vv. 25, 26. He had taught this stern but fundamental truth to the Twelve as they entered upon their first mission (cf § 64, Mt. 10:37). 3. Jesus expresses His central revelations in varied form. Study the condition of discipleship as otherwise stated, -v. 27. So He had previously taught the Twelve (§ 64, Mt. 10: 38). It was the same law that governed His own life (§ 76). 4. In two beautiful parables He graciously advises that these of the enthusiastic multitude should calmly ' *count the cost. ' ' Study the first parable, -vv. 28-30. But He would emphasize the advice, for read vv, 31, 32. "Jesus drew these precepts from His own experience. He had made His reckoning in the wilderness with the prince of this world, and with life, before beginning His work publicly." 5. Do these parables suggest that we ask once again, what is the cost? For Jesus' answer, thoughtfully read v. 33. 6. A reserved attitude toward the gospel is a less critical posi- tion than an open profession followed by declension. Study Jesus' statement of this truth in vv. 34, 35. PERSONAL THOUGHT: "So therefore whosoever he be of you that renounceth not ail that he hath, he cannot be my disciple." Judged closely by this standard given by Jesus the Christ am I one of His disciples? 135 Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 19: INTO JUDEA AGAIN AND THE WITHDRAWAL TO EPHRAIM First Day: § 102. Three Parables of Grace (continued) 1. Jesus had "stedfastly set his face to go to Jerusalem** (§ 86, Lu. V. 51). He made a brief visit (§§90-92), and then 'went away again beyond Jordan'* (§ 92, v. 40). But His purpose remained unchanged, for "the days were well-nigh come that he should be received up." So, in Perea, "he went on his way through cities and villages, teaching, and journeying on unto Jerusalem'* (§ 98, v. 22). Presently He will go "into Judea again'* fora brief visit (§ 105, v. 7). In the meantime, we follow Him in the continuation of His ministry "beyond Jordan" (§§ 102-104). 2. For one of the serious charges brought against Jesus by the religious leaders early in His Galilean ministry, study again § 42, Mk, vv. 15, 16. The Pharisees considered that even the touch of such as these was unclean (cf. § 53, v. 39). But Jesus had different standards of purity. These find expression even now in Perea. Read § 102, vv. i, 2. "The most desolate and broken soul cannot desire any better account of the Saviour's work.*' Thoughtfully dwell upon the conditions which these verses reveal. 3. That the three parables by which Jesus makes answer to this charge may be rightly understood and fully appreciated, have constantly in mind the occasion of them (vv. i, 2). Now read the first parable, in vv. 3-7. Dwell with special thought upon v. 7. "Righteous persons": such as "the Pharisees and the scribes" supposed themselves (cf. § 109, V. 9). With this verse (v. 7), study § 42: Mk. v. 17; Mt. vv. 12, 13. Jesus uses the description with a grave and holy irony. 4. Jesus had revealed a great truth concerning the relation of God to men by the parable just spoken. It must have come as a new and strange message to His hearers. He will, therefore, repeat the truth in a new form. Read vv. 8-10. PERSONAL THOUGHT: Which is the deeper, my dislike for personal contact with gross sinners, or my hatred of the least taint of sin in my own life? 136 Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 19: INTO JUDEA AGAIN AND THE WITHDRAWAL TO EPHRAIM Second Day: § 102. Three Parables of Grace (concluded) 1. Jesus had answered the charge of "the Pharisees and the scribes" in two beautiful and forceful parables. "But those two images, borrowed from the animal and inanimate world, remain too far beneath their object. They do not furnish Jesus with the means of displaying the full riches of feeling which filled the heart of God toward the sinner, nor of unveil- ing the sinner's inner history in the drama of conversion." For that, he needed an image borrowed from the sphere of human life. 2. "A certain man had two sons": concerning the younger (w. 11-24); concerning the elder (vv. 25-32. ) Of the younger son:-( i ) Sin: read vv. 1 1-13. (2) Misery: read vv. 14-16- "On that hard Roman world, disgust And secret loathing fell; Deep weariness and sated lust Made human life a hell." (3) Penitence: read vv. i7-2oa. (4) Pardon: read w. 20b- 24. Of the elder son:-(i) With the servant: read vv. 25-28a. (2) With his father: read vv. 28b-32. 3. "A certain man had two sons": (i) the younger- "all the publicans and sinners were ^raz£//«^ «tfar unto him"; (2) the elder- "the Pharisees and the scribes murmured y Thus Jesus returns, by the latter part of the third parable, to the historical situation (vv. i, 2). "Here Jesus stops; He does not say what part the elder son took. It lay with the Phari- sees themselves, by the conduct which they would adopt, to decide this question and finish the narrative." 4. What are the principal truths concerning the relation of God to men taught by Jesus in these three parables? PERSONAL THOUGHTS: **I have sinned . . . make me as one of thy hired servants." Does that express the spirit in which I approach God? Do I manifest that spirit by the completeness of my service of Him? Is my service so undivided that it has brought me out of the spirit of servitude into the fellowship of sonship? 137 Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 19: INTO JUDEA AGAIN AND THE WITHDRAWAL TO EPHRAIM Third Day: § 103. Two Parables of Warning (continued) 1. The publicans of Palestine were wealthy as a class, for they had almost unlimited opportunities for extortion (cf. § i8, Lu. vv. 12, 13). Matthew was one of them (cf. §42, Lu. V. 29-' *a great feast"). Probably many others had but lately become the permanent followers of Jesus (cf § 102, w. 1,2). Their attachment to Jesus had given the occasion for the parables just addressed to **the Pharisees and the scribes" (§ 102). What now will Jesus' message be to these wealthy disciples concerning the disposition of their accumulated liches? He speaks again in parables (§ 103). 2. Thoughtfully read § 103, vv. 1-9. "His lord commended the unrigliteous steward because he had done wisely": that is, the landlord felt compelled to admire, as clever, the knavish trick by which the steward had gained his ends. There was no W£7;-(2/ commendation. "The mammon of unrighteousness" : that is, wealth, for its abuse is more common than its right use (cf. I Tim. 6:10). 3. For an understanding of Jesus' application of the parable, thoughtfully study v. 9, and with it carefully consider § 49, Mt. 6:19-21; § 95, v. 21 and vv. 33, 34; § 131, Mt. 25: 34-40; I Tim. 6:17-19. 4. The use made of wealth has moral values in itself, but it is primarily significant because of the principle of life which it exhibits. It is determinative of other gifts from God, -read vv. 10-12. It is an expression oi \ki^ principle which governs the life,-read v. 13-the principle of an undivided service of God. PERSONAL Thoughts: 1. "No servant can serve two masters.'' Am I attempting to do this? Do I love money? Does Jesus Christ have the abso- lute mastery in my life? 2. * 'If therefore ye have not been faithful in the unrighteous mam- mon, who will commit to your trust the true riches?" Do I seek and expect spiritual gifts from God for my life and my work, while I am selfish in the acquirement and disposal of my material possessions? 138 Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 19: INTO JUDEA AGAIN AND THE WITHDRAWAL TO EPHRAIM Fourth Day: § 103. Two Parables of Warning (concluded) 1. The three parables of grace (§ 102) had been spoken to the Pharisees and the scribes, but were heard by the dis- ciples also; the parable of warning (§ 103) had been spoken to the disciples, but in the presence of Jesus' enemies. To the disciples, the truth about riches would come as a helpful, though perhaps trying, demand. But what of the other hearers? Read § 103, vv, 14, 15. "Lovers of money": cf. § 127, Mk. V. 40. **Scoffed": that one in His poverty should speak authoritatively on riches! But God has a dif- ferent standard (v. 15). 2. The Pharisees were irritated by the spiritual sense in which Jesus understood the law. Thoughtfully read v. 16. To the religious aristocracy which they had succeeded in found- ing there follows a kingdom of God equally open to all (cf. § 102, V. 2). Read v. 17. Yet it is not the law but the Pharisaic system which is to fall. Read v. 18. Any modi- fication will be in the direction of greater severity. 3. Jesus now returns to that pronounced sin of the Pharisees ("lovers of money") which had led them to j^:^^ at His teaching about riches. In a parable, He reveals some truths concerning the outcome of this spirit of covetousness. Make a thoughtful study of the parable, as given in vv. 19-31. "Every social contrast between the more and the less, either in respect of fortune or strength, or acquirement, or even piety, is permitted and willed by God only with a view to its being neutralized by man's agency. This is a task assigned from on high. ' ' 4. Determine carefully the truths taught by Jesus through the parable of the rich man and Lazarus. Personal Thoughts: "The Pharisees, who were lovers of money." Is my life wholly free from that selfish love of money which Jesus here coitdemns? Do I follow the law Jesus gives for the use of all my possessions? 139 Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 19: INTO JUDEA AGAIN AND THE WITHDRAWAL TO EPHRAIM Fifth Day: § 104. Concerning Forgiveness and Faith 1. The Pharisees and the scribes had taken exception to the drawing near of the publicans and sinners to Jesus (§102, vv. 1,2). To their mind, it proved Jesus to be no prophet (cf- § 53, V. 39). Their own spirit toward all such was one of repulsion. By their criticisms they would prevent this freedom of access of "these little ones" to Jesus. Jesus has a message concerning such a spirit, whether in Pharisee or else- where. Read § 104, vv. i, 2. 2. The arrogant, harsh, repellent and unforgiving spirit was a Pharisaic characteristic. The disciples also, as learners from such leaders, must have possessed that spirit in some degree (cf § 81, Mt. V. 2t). It would be a fruitful ''occasion of stumbling." Jesus speaks of it. Read vv. 3, 4. 3. To fulfil such moral requirements as these, demands a power above that naturally possessed by man. Readvv. 5,6. "The only real power in the universe is the divine will. The human will, which has discovered the secret of blending with this force of forces, is raised, in virtue of this union, to omnipo- tence; and from the time it becomes conscious of this privi- lege, it acts without obstruction, even in the domain of nature, if the kingdom of God so requires." 4. Yet the possession and use of such power, in obeying the commands of God for the individual life, may engender a spirit against which warning is given. Read vv. 7-10. PERSONAL THOUGHTS: 1 . Am I willing to give up everything in my life which, in any degree, may cause another person to stumble? 2. Have I obeyed Jesus with reference to the fui i diud constant forgiveness of those who have wronged me? 3. Does my life now possess and express all the power that God is willing to grant to faith? 4. Am I wholly free from all traces of pride in my Christian activities? 140 Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 19: INTO JUDEA AGAIN AND THE WITHDRAWAL TO EPHRAIM Sixth Day: § 105. The Raising of Lazarus (continued) 1. As Jesus journeyed toward Jerusalem for "the feast of the dedication" (§§ 90-92), He was received into a house at Bethany (§89). Perhaps He had been with the family on previous visits to Jerusalem. In any case, they were well known to Him (cf. § 105, v. 5). Jesus is still in Perea. He can be reached from Bethany only by sending to Him, Urgent need prompts such a call. Read § 105, vv. 1-6. *That Mary which anointed": cf. § 118, Mt, Mk., Jo. *'He abode . . . where he was" : for Lazarus had died a little while after the departure of the messenger (cf. vv. 17, 39). Perhaps, also, Jesus had unfinished work in Perea. And His '*time" was always determined by the Father. 2. Thoughtfully read vv. 7-16. "But now seeking to stone thee": on what occasion? and for what cause? Be helped to an understanding of vv. 9, to, by a study of § 25, v. 4; § 82, vv. 6, 8; §90, V. 4; § 99, vv. 32, 33. There is a definite task assigned to Jesus by the Father, and an appointed measure of working time given; while the time lasts the task can be done, even though it leads "into Judea again." What characteristics of Thomas are here shown? 3. Thoughtfully read vv. 17-27. "Four days" : one had passed in sending to Jesus; two "in the place where he was"; the fourth in the journey to Bethany. Compare the character- istics of Martha and Mary here, with those shown in § 89. Thoughtfully study and consider again the words between Martha and Jesus, -vv. 21-27. Dwell especially in prayerful thought upon vv. 25, 26. 4. Thoughtfully read vv. 28-35. -^s yet there are no signs of opposition from the Jews. But"Bethany was nigh unto Jerusa- lem" (v. 18), from whence had come many of the mourners. They recognize Jesus and question, -read vv. 36, 37. They made reference to Jesus' latest miracle at Jerusalem (§ 90) for which He was compelled to leave Judea (§ 92). PERSONAL THOUGHTS: "Let us also go, that we may die with him." Is my loyalty to Christ so supreme over every interest of self that I would be willing to die for Him? Is my testimony to this willing- ness expressed in a present life of obedience to Him? 141 Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 19: INTO JUDEA AGAIN AND THE WITHDRAWAL TO EPHRAIM Seventh Day: § 105. The Raising of Lazarus (concluded) § 106. The Withdrawal to Ephraim 1. *The Jews" had questioned why Jesus had not prevented the death of Lazarus. Their question was based on the knowl- edge of a former work. Jesus has now a greater work. Thoughtfully read § 105, vv. 38-44, Give study and con- sideration to Jesus' teaching concerning the power of faith as revealed in v. 40. 2. Study the prayer-life of Jesus from vv. 41, 42. He had prayed and received the assurance of the answer before the words of V. 4. The present was an occasion not for prayer but for thanksgiving. Consider the faith involved in giving thanks for a work not yet seen. *This passage may help to an understanding of the true nature of prayer in the case of Jesus, as being the conscious realization of the divine wi II, dsid not a petition for that which is contingent. In the case of men prayer approximates to this more and more. It is not the setting up of the will of self, but the apprehension and taking to self of the divine will. ' * 3. Study the effect of the miracle upon *'the Jews" who were at Bethany, -vv. 45, 46. Thus the knowledge of Jesus* work comes to the religious leaders, the enemies of Jesus. 4. Study the more remote effect of the resurrection of Lazarus, as given in § 106, vv. 47-53. This "council" was a meeting of the Great Sanhedrin, the highest council of the Jews. The hierarchical Sadducean party now join with the Phari- sees. The position taken in v. 48 was reasonable if Jesus had been other than He was, for cf § 66, Jo. vv. 14, 15. Study the policy of the unscrupulous Sadducee, Caiaphas, as con- trasted with the irresolution of the others in council,-vv. 49, 50. *'By a mysterious irony he interpreted the results of the death of Christ truly, though in a way directly opposite to that which he apprehended, "-VV. 51, 52. 5. Study the decision of the Sanhedrin, -v. 53; and the action taken by Jesus, -v. 54. ''Ephraim": northeast of Jerusalem. Personal thought: ''Father, I thank thee that thou heardest me.'* Do I so pre- pare in advance for the work God gives me that in the pres- ence of it my words are of thanksgiving rather than of prayer? 142 Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 20: THE FINAL JOURNEY TOWARD JERUSALEM First Day: § 107. The Ten Lepers 1. Trace the growth of the hostility to Jesus at Jerusalem as marked by John in § 44, vv. 16-18; (§ 82, v. i); § 82, vv. 32, 45-52; § 85, V. 59; § 90, V. 22; § 92, V. 39. That oppo- sition now took the form of a settled plan, for read § 106, V. 53. Hence the movement of Jesus as recorded in § 106, V. 54. The Passover of the Jews was now at hand. From Ephraim (see map) Jesus could either join the pilgrims from Galilee who went directly to Jerusalem through Samaria, or go from that region northward through Samaria into the southern or southeastern part of Galilee and thus meet the pilgrims going from Galilee through Perea to Jerusalem. For a knowledge of the course chosen, read § 107, v. 11. From this point, Jesus makes His final journey to Jerusalem. 2. Read § 107, vv.12, 13. "Whichstood afar off": as required by the Law, cf Levit. 13:45, 46. It was usual for lepers to stand begging for money from those who passed them; study the request they make of Jesus (v. 13). Read v. 14. They could not be pronounced legally clean by any but the priests, for see Levit 14:1-3. Read vv. 13, 16. '* He was a Samari- tan" : the disease common to all of them had obliterated religious distinctions (cf § 32, v. 9; § 86, vv. 52, 53). Read vv. 17, 18. Compare § 88. In what ways did this incident foreshadow the future? Read v. 19. "The faith of which Jesus speaks is not merely that which brought him at the first, but more still that ,which has brought him back. By this return he has sealed forever the previous transitory connec- tion which his cure had formed between Jesus and him; he recognizes His word as the instrument of the miracle; he unites himself closely to the entire person of Him whose power only he had sought at the first. And thereby his phy- sical cure is transformed into a moral cure, into salvation." PERSONAL THOUGHT: "He said unto them, Go . . , as they went, they were cleansed." Is my faith of that acceptable kind which obeys Jesus and confidently leaves all results with Him? Or do I look for a result to precede obedience? or to be granted to disobedience? 143 Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 20: THE FINAL JOURNEY TOWARD JERUSALEM Second Day: § 108. The Coming of the Kingdom (continued) 1 . The Pharisees expected that the Messianic kingdom would come in a visible form, with great external and attesting signs. Jesus had announced that "the kingdom of God is at hand" (§ i8, Mt. vv. I, 2; § 34, Mk. 1:14, 15; §64, Mt. 10:7; § 87, Lu. V. 9); His face is again turned toward Jerusalem. Does this mean that the period of preparation is over, and that the new Kingdom is soon to begin? Such thoughts may have occurred to the Pharisees. Read § 108, vv. 20, 21. The Pharisees had expected a popular insurrection, and the setting up of an independent Jewish kingdom. Determine what Jesus here teaches as to the nature of the Kingdom of God. 2. To the Pharisees Jesus had given a wholly new conception of the Kingdom of God (vv. 20, 21 ). Yet there was a sense in which that Kingdom would come * 'with observation. '* But the Pharisees could not understand that revelation which Jesus would make, so He turns to His disciples. Thought- fully read vv. 22-25. Dwell upon these verses, and determine from them when and how Jesus will reappear on the earth. 3. "In the day that the Son of man is revealed," What will be the state of the world at that time? Read vv. 26-30. "It is an epoch like those which have preceded all the great catas- trophes of history. The business of earthly life is carried through with regularity, but reli-^ious feeling gradually disap- pears from the heart of men who have become secularized." 4. "In the day that the Son of man is revealed." What will determine the destiny of each at that time? Read vv. 31-33. What disposition of mind characterizes the accepted ones? Find the answer in a study of Lot's wife. Gen. ig\26-'^ looked back-'' or, as more plainly stated in the general law, v. 33. 5. A division on such a basis will mean sharp separations. Read vv. 34-37. In V. 24, Jesus had already answered the ques- tion of V. 37. Avenging forces are found wherever the life of a man or of a nation has fallen into dissolution or decay. PERSONAL THOUGHTS: "Whosoever shall seek to gain his life shall lose it: but who- soever shall lose his life shall preserve it. ' ' Do I seek to gain my life? Do I follow the interests of self? Do I choose the ways which please self? Do I seek to hold any part of my life which God has asked of me for the purposes of His kingdom? 144 Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 20: THE FINAL JOURNEY TOWARD JERUSALEM Third Day; § 108. The Coming of the Kingdom (concluded) § 109. The Pharisee and the Publican 1. Jesus had told His disciples of the state m which the world will be found *'in the day that the Son of man is revealed" (§ io8, vv. 26-30). In the meantime, and in the midst ot such conditions as these, how can faith be preserved? From whence can the power come? In what way may the power be received? Read the answer of Jesus in § 108, Lu. 18:1-8. The word "avenge" is a little too strong; accept footnote '^. Jesus marks, in the second sentence of v. 8, the relation of the parable to the preceding parts of the discourse. His ques- tion is answered affirmatively, in the degree in which the truth in the parable is heeded. 2. What truths does Jesus teach about prayer through this parable? With this parable, study again § 93, vv. 5-13. What important teaching concerning prayer is common to both parables? 3. Recall what has been learned concerning the leading char- acteristics of the Pharisees. For what things did Jesus specially condemn them? What was the work of a publican? What was their most prominent sin (§ 18, Lu, vv. 12, 13)? What was the social standing of the pubhcan? What rela- tion had the Pharisees assumed toward Jesus? How did the publicans regard Jesus? 4. Having thus recalled some of the social and religious condi- tions of the times of Jesus, thoughtfully read all of § 109. For some comments upon the claims in v. 12, read the words of Jesus in § 94, vv. 42-44. 5. What truths does Jesus teach by this parable? PERSONAL THOUGHTS: 1. "They ought always to pray, and not to faint." Is my prayer-life characterized by that urgency, intensity and importunity which Jesus reveals as the power through which God may be moved to a speedy and full answer? 2. "Every one that exalteth himself shall be humbled; but he that humbleth himself shall be exalted." Have I that true, unfeigned and constant humility of spirit which is begotten by a willing and full recognition and confession of my unworthi- ness before God? 145 Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 20: THE FINAL JOURNEY TOWARD JERUSALEM Fourth Day: §110. Concerning Divorce 1. Matthew and Mark give no record of the greater part oi Jesus' ministry in Perea. Having told of His final departure from GaHlee (§ 86), they do not take up the history again till a period in His final journey to Jerusalem (§ no). After that, their records are again parallel with that of Luke (§ III ). Luke is the historian of the Perean ministry. 2. In § no, read Mk. v. 2; Mt. v. 3. The question asked was one much in dispute among the Jewish rabbis. The Pharisees would lead Jesus to ally Himself with one or the other party. The additional words of Matthew, *'for every cause," contain the point of the question. Study carefully the reply of Jesus in Mk. vv. 3-9; Mt. vv. 4-8. The law of Moses is given in Deut. 24:1. Jesus quotes also from Genesis 1:27; 2:24. 3. What was the thought of Jesus concerning the law given by Moses with reference to divorce? Upon what fundamental principle does Jesus base His law for this relationship? Pre- cisely what is the word of Jesus concerning divorce? 4. In this matter, does Jesus merely point to that which is natural and commendable, or is His word a commandment, the violation ofwhichissin? For an answer, read Mk.vv.io-12. 5. "What therefore God hath joined together, let not man put asunder." Is there any exception to this law? Read Mt.v.9. Mark does not mention the exception; separation was,of course, always regarded as justified in such a case. But as Jesus has taught, not "for every cause" (Mt. v. 3). ■.6. Even the disciples shared largely the popular views and feel- ings concerning marriage and divorce. They are now "in the house" (Mk. v. lo). They continue the subject with Jesus. Read Mt. v. 10. Marriage as an indissoluble union was to be avoided, they thought. Read Mt. v. 11. "This saying": refers not to the saying of Jesus, but to "it is not expedient to marry. " Read Mt. v. 12. Thoughtfully deter- mine the law of Jesus concerning the expediency of marriage in relation to the interests of the kingdom of God. PERSONAL THOUGHT: "For the kingdom of heaven's sake." Do I accept that as the basis and the only basis for my every decision and act with reference to the closest of all human relationships? 14a Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 20: THE FINAL JOURNEY TOWARD JERUSALEM Fifth Day: § lU. Christ Blessing Little Children 1. Jesus was slowly moving southward through Perea. Perhaps He had now again reached that region of Perea in which He had spent much of His former ministry beyond Jordan (Study i8). The people among whom He had worked in this district recognize that the visit is temporary, and that His departure from this scene of labor is near. It was a cus- tom for Jewish mothers to seek a blessing for their children at the hands of their eminent rabbis. Jesus would not be with them much longer. 2. In § III, read Mk. v. 13; Lu. v. 15; Mt. v. 13. How may we account for the attitude of the disciples toward these parents? 3. Read Mt. v. 14; Lu. v. 16; Mk. v. 14. Learn something of the spirit of Jesus from the indication given by Mark. Determine thoughtfully what Jesus means by, "of such is the kingdom of God." In this connection, study again § 81, Mt. vv. 1-4. 4. ReadLu.v. 17; Mk. v. 15. '*As a little child": stated in other words, in what way does this mean? '*There is in chil- dren a two-fold receptivity, negative and positive, humility and confidence. By labor expended on ourselves, we are to return to these dispositions which are natural to the child." We must ''voluntarily put on the dispositions indicated.'* 5. Read Mk. v. 16; Mt. v. 15. "Departed thence": into * 'the way, going up to Jerusalem." PERSONAL THOUGHT: "Whosoever shall not receive the kingdom of God as a little child, he shall in no wise enter therein." Do I, in obedience to Jesus, assume the childlike spirit toward the mysteries of the kingdom of God, and thus come to know them? Or do intellectual pride and a disobedient will blind me to all deeper spiritual knowledge? 147 Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 20: THE FINAL JOURNEY TOWARD JERUSALEM Sixth Day: § 112. The Rich Young Ruler (continued) 1. After blessing "their babes", Jesus '*departed thence'* into "the way, going up to Jerusalem." In § 112, read Mt. v. 16; Lu. V. 18; Mk.v. 17. He was probably the young and wealthy president of a synagogue. On what previous occa- sion had this question been put to Jesus? Read Lu. v. 19; Mk. V. 18; Mt. V. 17. "Jesus reminds him that all goodness in man must flow from God. So far as Jesus is concerned, the question of His personal goodness depends solely on the consideration whether His inward dependence on that God, the only good, is complete or partial. If it is complete, Jesus is good, but with a goodness which is that of God Himself operating in Him." 2. Having mildly corrected the young man, Jesus gives a direct answer to his question. Read Lu. v. 20; Mk. v. 19; Mt vv. 18, 19. What general precept does Matthew add (cf § 88, v. 27)? Read the reply in Lu. v. 21; Mk. v. 20; Mt. v. 20. "The young man's reply testifies, undoubtedly, great moral ignorance but also noble sincerity. He knows not the spirit- ual meaning of the commandments, and thinks that he has really fulfilled them." For the impression he made upon Jesus, read the first part of Mark's 21st verse. 3. "What lack I yet?" For Jesus' answer, read Lu. v. 22, Mk. v. 21; Mt. v. 21. The young ruler had professed to fully keep the Law; he had asked for some worthy thing to do; Jesus gave him something high and heroic-a test of his inmost spirit, a measure of the reality of his service to God. 4. "Master, what good thing shall I do?" For his response on learning, read Lu. v. 23; Mt. v. 22; Mk. v. 22. PERSONAL THOUGHT: "One thing thou lackest yet." Is there any one thing known to me in which I am unwilling to be absolutely obedient t^ once to Jesus Christ? 148 Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 20: THE FINAL JOURNEY TOWARD JERUSALEM Seventh Day: § 112. The Rich Young Ruler (concluded) 1. The conversation with the wealthy young ruler, and espe- cially the effect of Jesus' demands upon him, lead to some general observations by Jesus concerning wealth in its rela- tion to the kingdom of God. Read Lu. vv. 24, 25; Mt. vv. 23, 24. Now read Mk. vv. 23-25. Observe in Mark's account, the tender touch, and the general observation (footnote^). Why exactly is it true that '*it is hard for a rich man ' ' ? 2. With the Jews, it was believed by all that a rich man was shown by his wealth to have God's favor, and could secure additional favor by beneficence. What Jesus had just taught was opposed to the ideas of the disciples. Read Lu. vv. 26, 27; Mt. vv. 25, 26; Mk. vv. 26, 27. "Who then can be saved?" : to better understand, place the emphasis on "who" and "can." 3. In the relations of Jesus with His disciples, there was a time when He made a call to them similar to that just given to the young ruler (§§ 38, 42). They had responded dif- ferently. What was to accrue to them from the course they had chosen? Read Lu. vv. 28-30; Mk. vv. 28-30. Observe Mark's, "with persecutions." Is this one of the blessings (cf. §49: Mt. 5:10-12; Lu. vv. 22, 23)? What is Luke's equivalent for "for my sake, and for the gospel's sake" (Mk. )? Now read the more complete account as given in Mt. vv. 27-29. Here a very special promise is given the Twelve-one of the grandest ever made to them. Yet "every one" is recompensed (v. 29). The promise to the Twelve would be of special interest to Matthew's Jewish readers. 4. So grand a promise as that to the Twelve may give rise to 149 Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 20: THE FINAL JOURNEY TOWARD JERUSALEM Seventh Day: § 112. The Rich Young Ruler (concluded) misunderstandingj pride and perhaps even disputes. The Twelve had been the first to follow Jesus; in the matter of time some of them had been before others. Jesus announces His general law. Read Mk. v. 31; Mt. v. 30. That funda- mental moral truth He now illustrates by a parable. Read rapidly but thoughtfully through Mt. 20:1-15. Find the truth which gave occasion to the parable (Mt. v. 30), restated at its close (Mt. 20:16). What general truths does Jesus teach through this parable? Personal thoughts: The young ruler: "Come, follow me ... he went away sorrowful.'* The disciples: *'We have left all^ and have followed thee." Which have / done? Havel, like the young ruler, observed many things but refused "^// that thou hast"? Does Jesus promise eternal life to any one of whom He must say ^'One thing thou lackest"? Would I give up all? Have I? 150 Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 21: IN THE WAY GOING UP TO JERUSALEM First Day: § 113. Christ foretells His Crucifixion 1. Jesus continues His final journey to Jerusalem. He is now- drawing near to the city. Not long after the withdrawals to the north (Studies 14, 15) He had '*stedfastly set his face to go to Jerusalem" (§86). It was then said that "the days were well-nigh come that he should be received up" (§ 86, Lu. V. 51). Almost six months have passed. The Passover is at hand. With the pilgrims from the north, He moves toward the city of His death. We have seen how the consciousness of that coming event affected His spirit and His teaching. In the quiet of the north He had told His disciples plainly (§§ 763., 77b, 79). At Jerusalem also He had made reference to His departure (§82,vv. 33-36; § 84, vv. 21-23). The con- tents of His teaching (Studies 18-20) reveal that Jesus recog- nized that the end was very near. His references to the event in that period show keen and deep feeling (§ 95, v. 50; § 99, vv. 32, 33; § 108, V. 25). 2. In the second foretelling of His death and resurrection (§79), Jesus had added, "shall be delivered up into the hands of men." In the nearer approach of the event, we may expect other particulars to be added. In § 113, read Mt v. 17; Lu. v. 31. "He took the twelve disciples aparf \ for they were now journeying with a large company. Study the more detailed and graphic statement in Mark's 32d verse. "The majesty and heroism of His bearing, as He moved along in advance, wrapt in His own lofty meditations, struck them as something extraordinary.'* "Perhaps there was an absorbed and fixed look in the Master's face as He pressed on to His terrible baptism of suffering. ' ' 3. Study Lu. vv. 32, 33; Mt. vv. 18, 19; Mk. vv. 33, 34. What particular is added by Luke? what one by Matthew? Observe the distinction between those who "condemn" and those who "crucify." 4. These things were utterly contrary to all the ideas concerning the Messiah held by the disciples. Hence, the result stated in Luke's 34th verse. PERSONAL THOUGHT: "They perceived not the things that were said." Do I ever allow any of my preconceptions concerning Jesus or His teach- ing to lead me to modify or moderate His plain statement of the truth, as I study His words? 151 Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 21: IN THE WAY GOING UP TO JERUSALEM Second Day: § 114. Ambition of James and John 1. "They perceived not the things that were said" (§ 113, Lu. V. 34). Though Jesus had spoken in the plainest language possible, "they understood none of these things," for their minds were preoccupied with thoughts of a Mes- siah who would become a Jewish king, and establish a splendid earthly kingdom. Perhaps, indeed, that kingdom was near (cf. § 117, v. 11)! And the Twelve had been promised places of power (§ 112, Mt. v. 28)! Then who would have precedence among these highly favored ones? Would it be the select circle of three (§§ 60b, 77) within the Twelve? They ask; Jesus answers. 2. In § 114, read Mt. vv. 20, 21; Mk. vv. 35-37. It is a law maxim that "he who does a thing through another does it himself." For other characteristics of these brothers, study again § 8i, Lu. vv. 49, 50; Mk. vv. 38-40; § 86, Lu. vv. 53"55' This unspiritual conception of the Kingdom of God was held by the disciples even after the resurrection of Jesus, for read Acts i :6. 3. On a previous occasion, following a reference to * 'his king- dom," a like spirit had been manifested (§ 76, Mk. 9:1 with § Si, Mk. vv. 33, 34). Study again the way Jesus met it (§ 81, Mt. V. 4; Lu. v. 48b; Mk. V. 35). But how will He deal with the present bold request? Thoughtfully study Mt, vv. 22, 23; Mk. vv. 38-40. Dwell upon the strong and intense terms used by Jesus to express His approaching experiences (cf. §95, v. 50). "My cup indeed ye shall drink" : James was the first martyr (cf. Acts 12:1, 2); John outlived the others, and was longest in service, spending a life of suffering and work for Christ (cf. Rev. 1:9). 4. The previous ' 'reasoning' ' about place in the Kingdom of 152 Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 21. IN THE WAY GOING UP TO JERUSALEM Second Day: § 114. Ambition of James and John God had involved all of the Twelve. How then will the ten regard this ambitious request from the sons of Zebedee? Read Mt. v. 24; Mk. v. 41. So the same spirit possessed all. With limitless patience and love, Jesus again teaches a fu7idamental law of His kingdom. Study Mt. v. 25 with Mk. V. 42; Mt. vv. 26, 27 with Mk. vv. 43, 44; Mk. v. 45 with Mt. V. 28. How often had Jesus taught this truth before? Personal Thoughts: "Whosoever would become great among you shall be your minister; and whosoever would be first among you shall be your servant: even as the Son of man.'^ Is this type of greatness-greatness through ministry-thdX for which I have ambition? Do I seek precedence by the way of service to others? Would I accept His cup and His baptism to real- ize that ambition, to gain that precedence? Have I? 153 Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 21: IN THE WAY GOING UP TO JERUSALEM Third Day: § 115. The Blind Men near Jericho 1. Jesus, * 'with his disciples and a great multitude," had been journeying southward through Perea to the feast of the Pass- over. But they must cross the Jordan. That could be done by a ferry-boat, several miles higher up the river than a point opposite to Jericho. They had now come to a point within one day's journey of Jerusalem. The plain on which Jericho stood was famed for its rich productiveness. 2. In § 115, read Mk. v. 46; Mt. v. 29; Lu. vv. 35-37. Pos- sibly the beggar sat at a point between the old town on the ancient site and the new semi-Herodian city, and so could be described as found either when they went out from Jericho or as they drew near to Jericho. **A multitude going by": observe the conditions under which Jesus moves toward Jeru- salem. "J^s^s of Nazareth" : a title by which the teacher and healer was generally known. 3. Study Mk. vv. 47, 48; Lu. vv. 38, 39. "Thou son of David" : by which they meant that He was the Messiah. It may be taken as an indication of the popular feeling at this time (cf. § 117, V. 11). Now study Mt. vv. 30, 31. '''Two blind men" : we may suppose one to have been better known, and thus alone mentioned by Mark and Luke(cf. § 59). 4. The body of pilgrims was moving forward; **they that went before rebuked him"; but '*Jesus stood still/ ^ for His was a different spirit. Study Mt. vv. 32-34; Lu. vv. 40-42. Find the graphic, additional touches in Markvv. 49-52. 5. Recall how Jesus had again and again required in the past that those whom He had healed "tell no man what had been done." Thoughtfully read Lu. v. 43. Why did Jesus allow these expressions of gratitude? Would cautious meas- ures now avail to prevent or delay the crisis? Personal thought: '^Thy faith hath made thee whole." Am I, at the present time, as nearly '^ whole'' as God is willing to grant to faith . which I have the power to exercise? 154 Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 21: IN THE WAY GOING UP TO JERUSALEM Fourth Day: § 116. Visit to Zacch^^us 1. In § 1 16, read v. i. Jericho was a city of much importance, probably among the cities of Judea second only to Jerusalem. It was a favorite city of Herod the Great. Many of the priests resided there in the time of Jesus. Read v. 2. Jericho was famous for its balsam, which was sold in all countries of the world. It therefore had great revenues, and Zacchaeus, it seems, was at the head of the custom-house. Being on the caravan route from Damascus it was also a place of toll. Hence its "chief publican'* had become nota- bly *'rich" (v. 2). Josephus records that Antony presented the revenues of Jericho to Cleopatra. 2. Read v. 3. He may have heard how Jesus had treated men of his class. Observe here the indications given of the cir- cumstances in which Jesus now moved. Read v. 4. The sycamore has low, horizontal branches. Read v. 5. It was about seventeen miles to Jerusalem, and there was no inter- vening village but Bethany. Probably it was now the after- noon. 3. Read w. 6, 7. "They all murmured^''', with this compare §42, Mk. vv. 15, 16; § 53, v. 39; § 102, vv. I, 2. And worst of all that He, whom they suppose is soon to become a Jewish king (cf. § 117, v. 11), is now the guest of one whose calling reminds them of Roman domination. 4. That which never could have been wrought by scorn was effected by graciousness. Read v. 8. "If I have wrongfully exacted'': a publican's besetting sin (cf. § 18, Lu. vv. 12, 13). Read v. 9. Zacchaeus was excommunicated because a publican. He is now restored, in a spiritual sense, to his former standing- as "a son of Abraham.'* And this because of a larger truth, -read v. 10. Therein lies the justification of the act to which they objected (v. 7). With this conclu- sion, compare that on another occasion when "they all murmured" (§ 42, Mk. v. 17). PERSONAL THOUGHT: Does my dislike for the occupations or social station of cer- tain people lead me to extend my antipathy to their persons? Or do I, like '*the Son of man*', make all efforts "to seek and to save that which was lost"? 155 Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 21: IN THE WAY GOING UP TO JERUSALEM Fifth Day: § 117. Parable of the MiNvf- 1. For the Jewish expectation in its purity, as expressed by one of the most pious of Jews, thoughtfully read § 8, vv. 67-75, studying especially vv. 71, 74, 75. For the Jewish form ot the promise concerning Jesus, study § 5, vv. 32, 33. For the central theme of the preaching of John, read § 18. Mt. vv. I, 2. For the message of Jesus, read § 34: Mk. vv. 14, 15; Mt. v. 17; §40: Mt. 4:23; Lu. 4:43. For Jesus' com- mission to His first co-laborers, read § 64, Mt. 10:7. For the message given to a larger body of workers, read § 87, Lu. V. 9. Now thoughtfully study § 117, v. 11. It had been a subject of inquiry but a short time before (§ 108, vv. 20, 21 ). Jesus had made direct references to the coming of **his kingdom" (§76, Mt. v. 28; § 112, Mt. v. 28). Even the Twelve had misconceptions (§§ 81, 114). Recall the circumstances under which Jesus was now journeying to Jeru- salem ("with his disciples and a great multitude," § 115; *'the crowd," §116). Having in mind all of these condi- tions, and the grossly material form of the popular Jewish Messianic expectations, read again § 117, v. 11. 2. "He said M^r 31- 183 Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 25: THE DISCOURSE ON THE LAST THINGS AND THE LAST SUPPER SECOND DAY: § 131. Discourse concerning the destruc- tion OF Jerusalem and the end of the WORLD (continued) 4. Jesus now returns to * 'these things" about which the dis- ciples primarily inquired. He has told them fully of *'the sign" (Lu. V. 20). He has not yet answered the question *Vhen?" (Mk. v. 4). For the reply to that inquiry, thoughtfully study Mt. vv. 32-35; Mk. vv. 28-31; Lu. vv. 29-33- So the two parts of the question as stated by Mark (v. 4) and Luke (v. 7) are fully answered. 5. From Matthew the question seems larger (v. 3). Jesus has answered about "the ^/^i^ . . . the world" (Mt. vv, 29-31). But "when" as to that event? What may He say as to '7^^/ day or M«/ hour"? Find His answer in Mk. v. 32; Mt. V. 36. 6. Though Jesus was not able to announce the time of "the end of the world," He has counsel for the practical guidance of every life in its relation to that event. Study Mt. vv. 37-42; Lu. vv. 34-36; Mk. vv. 33-37- PERSONAL THOUGHT; "Watch therefore: for ye know not on what day your Lord Cometh." Do I always so live that no moment of any day finds me in such a Hfe that I would be ashamed in the immediate presence of Christ? 184 Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 25: THE DISCOURSE ON THE LAST THINGS AND THE LAST SUPPER THIRD DAY: § 13L Discourse Concerning the Destruction OF Jerusalem and the End of the World (continued) I. ''Watch therefore: for ye know not on what day your Lord Cometh.** That was the message of Jesus in final answer to the inquiry from His disciples, *'what shall be the sign of thy coming?" He dwells upon and more fully develops and emphasizes that fundamental characteristic of a disciple. His thought is given in beautiful, parabolic form. 2 Study the thought as expressed in the parable- germ given by Matthew (vv. 43, 44). As applied to the disciples of Christ, what is the truth taught ? 3 Study another form under which Jesus presents His teach- ing,-Mt. vv. 45-5T. Observe here again (v. 50) that solemn refrain which has marked these references to future events ( cf. vv. 42, 44). 4 The subject of watching occupied a very prominent place in the thoughts of Jesus in His last days. He would emphasize and re-emphasize the need to His disciples. Study the beautiful parable by which He now presents the truth, -Mt. 25:1-13. Read consecutively § 131: Mt. 24:42, 44, 50; 25:13- 5 * 'Watch therefore, for ye know not the day nor the hour.'* But there are other duties besides that of watchfulness. Learn these from a thoughtful study of Mt. 25:14-30. What are the truths taught by Jesus through the parable of the talents? 6. What are the several characteristics of true discipleship which Jesus has revealed through His references to "the coming of the Son of man"? PERSONAL THOUGHT: ''For unto every one that hath shall be given, and he shall have abundance: but from him that hath not, even that which he hath shall be taken away." Am I making the most faithful and diligent possible use, on behalf of the Kingdom of God, of every talent with which God has entrusted me? 185 Studies in the Lif e of Christ STUDY 25: THE DISCOURSE ON THE LAST THINGS AND THE LAST SUPPER FOURTH DAY: § 13L DISCOURSE CONCERNING THE DESTRUC- TION OF JERUSALEM AND THE END OF THE WORLD (concluded) 1. Jesus has told His disciples clearly of both "the sign" and the time of the destruction of Jerusalem. Concerning *'the sign of thy coming, and of the end of the world" He has made some revelations, but has announced that "of that day and hour knoweth no one . . . but the Father only." In the absence of definite knowledge on the time of ''the coming of the Son of man", His words are Beware! Endure! Watch! Pray! Labor! He now concludes the discourse with some revelations of the nature and significance of His coming. 2. The time is not known even by the Son, but when it does come, then-§ 131, Mt. 25:31-33 makes the statement of the purpose; study that paragraph. State carefully in other words, the truths here taught. 3. Jesus now gives some revelation of the basis of judgment for the solemn separation of which He has just spoken. Thought- fully read vv. 34-40. What is here given as that which deter- mines the destiny of the individual? Why do these acts have such vital significance? 4. With deep solemnity those "on the left hand" are addressed. Study the cause of their condemnation, as stated in vv. 41-46. What was the fundamental wrong in them? Thus Jesus ends His great eschatological discourse on the Mount of Olives. 5. Jesus had announced His approaching death to His disciples many months before (§ 76). He had several times repeated it (§§ 77, 79, 82, 84, 113). They were slow to understand Him. The end is near. Study His final announcement in § 131, Mt. 26:1, 2. 6. Read § 131: Mk. 11:19; Lu. vv. 37, 38. If "the people" came on Wednesday morning, they did not find Him ' 'in the temple' * as they had on Monday and Tuesday, Personal Thoughts: "Inasmuch as ye did it not unto one of these least, ye did it not unto me." Have I obeyed *'the great and first com- mandment" (§ 125, Mk. w. 29, 30), but failed to obey the "second like unto if (§ 125, Mt. vv. 38, 39)? "Then shall he say also unto them on the left hand. Depart from me, ye cursed. ' ' 186 Studies in the Lif e of Christ STUDY 25: THE DISCOURSE ON THE LAST THINGS AND THE LAST SUPPER FIFTH DAY: § 132. The Conspiracy between the Chief Priests AND JUDAS 1. The final day of the public ministry of Jesus has been filled with intense activities, both in Jerusalem (§§ 122-130), and on the mount of Olives (§ 131 ). It is now the close of that memorable day. In § 132, read Lu. v. i; Mk. v. i a; Mt, vv. I, 2. ''After two days*': Wednesday and Thursday must intervene before the Friday on which the paschal lamb is to be eaten. For some knowledge of the Passover, read rapidly but thoughtfully through Exod. 12:1-20. The Passover season corresponds to the end of March and beginning of April. 2. It is now the night following the great series of discourses in the Temple, by which Jesus so defeated and silenced the Jewish teachers. He has left the city, and with His disciples is spending the night upon the mount of Olives. But where are those who have been so bitterly opposing Him during the day? For the answer, make a study of § 132: Mt. vv. 3-5; Mk. vv. I b, 2; Lu. v. 2. "Their humiliation and defeat before the people-the immense and divine superiority of the wisdom of Jesus so publicly displayed-had at last aroused them into irreconcilable hostility.*' 3. Make a thoughtful comparative study of the four statements of hostility: (i) § 121, Mt. vv. 15-17; (2) § 124, Mt. vv. 45, 46; (3) § 125, Lu. V. 20; (4) § 132, Mt. vy. 3-5. What are the differences, and what development is shown? 4. ''Not during the feast.'* But when they so determined they did not expect aid from that source from which it now came. Study § 132: Mt. vv. 14-16; Mk. vv. 10, 11; Lu. vv. 3-6. Judas was baffled for a time by the entire and unexpected seclusion which Jesus observed on Wednesday and Thursday. 'Tnsteadof dominion, -service; instead of power, -persecu- tion; instead of honor, -shame; this was all that was left of his hopes and prospects once so brilliant. " So he * *cove- nanted" to sell Him whom he professed to serve. Personal Thoughts: * 'What are ye willing to give me, and I will deliver him unto you?" For how much would I renounce all allegiance to Jesus Christ? By how much, which I am unwilling to give, am I now kept from a full allegiance to Him? 187 Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 25: THE DISCOURSE ON THE LAST THINGS AND THE LAST SUPPER SIXTH DAY: § 133. The Last Supper (continued) 1. After that momentous Tuesday, Jesus, itseems, remained almost two days in retiren>ent. He does not again enter Jeru- salem until the evening of Thursday. But during that day two of His disciples go to the city on His behalf. In § 133, read Mt. v. 17; Mk. v. 12; Lu. vv. 7-9. In explanation of Luke's seventh verse, it may be said that the lambs for the Passover feast were sacrificed in the temple, from three to six o' clock on Thursday afternoon. The Jewish day began with sunset, so the feast was opened some hours after the sacrifice by the supper at which the lamb was eaten. Thus the feast proper began with Friday, that is, with six o'clock of Thurs- day evening; but the period of "unleavened bread'^ included the preceding or preparatory day, that is, Thursday. 2. Read § 133: Mt. vv. 18, 19; Lu. vv. 10-13; Mk. vv. 13-16. "Jesus gave no name because he did not wish Judas to learn the place in advance, being aware of his treacherous designs, and desiring to remain uninterrupted till a later hour." "The householders at Jerusalem were accustomed to receive into their houses without charge such family groups as wished to eat the paschal lamb." 3. Read Mt. v. 20; Mk. v. 17; Lu. v. 14. "When the hour was come" : that is, after sunset, and consequently on the opening of the Jewish Friday, or our Thursday evening. Thoughtfully read Lu. vv. 15-18. What is meant by "until it be fulfilled in the kingdom of God"? 4. And now in these last holy hours surely no ambitious thought can have any place within His disciples. But read Lu, V. 24! With infinite patience, He again quietly repeats one of the great laws of the Kingdom of God. Study Lu. vv. 25-27, Yet He has a promise of place for the men of this group, for read Lu. vv, 28-30. That will come after His law has been fully learned and obeyed. PERSONAL THOUGHTS: "He that is the greater among you, let him become as the younger, and he that is chief, as he that doth serve. "" Do I obey this law of Jesus in all of my relations with others? Would I attain to some measure of the true greatness of Christ? Then His method: "lam in the midst of you as he ihat serveth,'* Is that my method? 188 * Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 25: THE DISCOURSE ON THE LAST THINGS AND THE LAST SUPPER Seventh Day: § 133. The Last Supper (concluded) 1. "I am in the midst of you as he that serveth.*' The "con- tention among them" had brought forth this statement of the law of Jesus' hfe. He had called His disciples to an obe- dience of the same law for the life of each of them (§ 133, Lu. v. 26). Now by a definite act of service He would impress the truth so often taught in the past, and as often completely disregarded by the disciples. John has given us the record. Thoughtfully study his ist to nth verses in § 133' What did Jesus mean by His answer in the 7th verse? With V. 8a compare § 76, Mt. v. 22. "If I wash thee not, thou hast no part with me" : "The first condition of disciple- ship is self-surrender.'' What is meant by Jesus in v. 10? What characteristics of Peter are evidenced in this narrative? 2. The significance of Jesus' act would be but partly appre- hended. He gives His own interpretation of it. Study His statement in Jo. vv. 12-17. Even with Jesus' explana- tion, there was a "hereafter" of clearer insight (v. 7), which followed His highest act of service-His death. 3. "Blessed are ye if ye do them." But He knew that not all would do, for study Jo. vv. 18-20. "The scripture" : Ps. 41: 9. He had a purpose in thus revealing clearly His fore- sight (v. 19). 4. Jesus reference to the betrayer (Jo. v. 18). awakened deep feelings, and led to more definite statements. Thoughtfully read Mk. vv. 18-21; Mt. vv. 21-25; Lu. vv. 21-23. ^ow make a study of the more circumstantial account given by John in vv. 21-30. 5. Make a careful comparative study of Lu. vv. 19, 20; Mt. vv. 26-29; Mk. vv. 22-25. Eor words corresponding in part to Mt. V. 29 and Mk. v. 25, see p. 180, Lu. vv. 17, 18. 6. The Jews were accustomed to sing Psalms 113 to 118 in con- nection with the paschal meal. Read § 133. Mt. v. 30? Lu. v. 26. Personal Thoughts: "I have given you an example, that ye also should do as 1 have done to you." Have I followed the example given me by Jesus through a full acceptance of a life of service? "If ye know these things, blessed are ye if ye do them." 189 Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 26: THE FAREWELL DISCOURSES OF JESUS First Day: § 134. Christ's Farewell Discourses (continued) 1. "J^sus has thus taken leave of Judas, an eternal leavetaking. He turns now towards His own, and the farewell which He addresses to them is an: until we meet again. The departure of Judas has restored to His restrained feeling all its freedom. He can henceforth pour forth His feelings. Softened as they are by the love of which He has just borne witness, humbled as they have never been, even by His humility, the apostles are now well prepared to receive and to appropriate to them- selves His last revelations. ' ' For some knowledge of the effect of Judas* withdrawal, study § 134, Jo. vv. 31, 32. 2. Study the "new commandment*' of Jesus to His ''little children" as given in Jo. vv. 33-35. In what sense was this a new commandment (cf. Lev. 19:18; § 125, Mk. vv. 29-31)? 3. Peter asks the question now uppermost in the thoughts of the disciples. Study Jo. vv. 36-38. Now read the record by Matthew (vv. 31-35), then that by Mark (vv. 27-31). "It is written" : in Zech. 13:7. What characteristics of Peter are evidenced here? Dwell upon the thoughts suggested by Mt. V. 32, and by Mk. v. 31. Study Luke's statement of this incident (vv. 31-34). "The tempter is present; he has gained the mastery of Judas; he threatens the other disciples also; he is preparing to attack Jesus Himself (cf. § 134, Jo. 14:30). And the danger to each is in proportion to the greater or less amount of alloy which his heart contains. ' ' 4* To that time, the Twelve, protected by the favor which Jesus enjoyed with Mi? people, had led a life of security. "But «£?7£/"-what? Read Lu. vv. 35-38 (cf. Isa. 53:12; § 64, Mt. vv, 9, 10; § 87, Lu. V. 4). That there may be no misin- terpretation read also § 137: Jo. vv. 10, n; Mt. vv. 51, 52. 5. Jesus had said much on this evening that tended to cause alarm. He would now restore confidence. Read Jo. 14:1-4. But the question of Peter (§ 134, Jo. 13:36), as yet unan- swered, remains as a difficulty now intensified, for read Jo. 14:5-7. The answer of Jesus is misapprehended, for read the next verse. Thoughtfully study now the self-revelation given by Jesus in Jo. 14:9-11. Personal thought: "I will lay down my Hfe for thee" (cf. § 148, vv. 18, 19). Is my loyalty to Jesus Christ so absolute that, if necessary, I would profess and do as Peter professed and did? 190 Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 26: THE FAREWELL DISCOURSES OF JESUS Second Day: §134. Chrisps Farewell Discourses (continued) 1. Having revealedthetruth of His union with the Father(§ 134, Jo. 14:9,10), Jesus called His disciples to positive belief in that truth (§ 134, Jo. 14:11). But that belief, based, it may be, on His works, has a positive power in other works, -read V. 12 (cf. Acts 2:41). Jesus now indicates the believer' s part in these works, -read vv. 13, 14. What constitutes the true limitation of prayer and of works? 2. Having thus fully answered the several questions of His dis- ciples suggested by "Yet a little while I am with you" (§ 134, Jo- 13:33)) Jesus gives some words of consolation to His *' Little children." Thoughtfully study those words in vv. 15-17. Upon what condition in the disciple does Jesus make the gift of "the Spirit of truth" to depend? 3. The promise gives comfort. But does it mean that Jesus will not Himself be with them? Study thoughtfully His words in vv. 18-21. So "the Spirit of truth" is none other than "Jesus Himself in another form." For some apprehension of the expediency of Christ's bodily departure, dwell in thought upon the statement in the 20th verse. * 'The transcendent fact of the communion between Jesus and God will become for them the object of a distinct perception through the imme- diate experience of their own communion with Jesus. ' ' Upon what condition in the disciple does Jesus make the manifes- tation of Himself to depend? 4. Another disciple has a difficulty. Thoughtfully study ques- tion and reply in vv. 22-24. According to Jesus, what is it that determines whether or not He will manifest Himself to any man? Why is He not manifest "unto the world"? 5 Thoughtfully study the closing reflections of Jesus as in vv. 25-31. Thus He returns to the, "Let not your heart be troubled." What reasons does Jesus give for His accept- ance of death (v. 31)? Personal Thoughts: "If ye love me, ye will keep my commandments" (v. 15). "If a man love me, he will keep my word" (v. 23). "He that hath my commandments, and keepeth them, he it is that loveth me : and he that loveth me shall be loved of my Father, and I will love him, and will manifest myself unto him" (v. 21 ). Do I fully comply with this fundamental condi- tion for the personal manifestation of Jesus to myself? 191 Studies in the Lif e of Christ STUDY 26: THE FAREWELL DISCOURSES OF JESUS Third Day: § 134. Christs Farewell Discourses (continued) 1. **Arise, let us go hence" (§ 134, Jo. 14:31). From the "large upper room" Jesus and the disciples now probably went toward the Mount of Olives. If the discourses which follow v/ere spoken at some point on the way, the vineyards on the hillsides, or, more especially, the fires of the vine- prunings by Kidron, may have furnished the image He now uses. The thought of Jesus is now turned toward the more distant future of His disciples, in their relation ( i ) to Him, ( 2) to each other, (3 ) to the world. 2. Thoughtfully study § 134, Jo. 15:1-8. For the central thought of Jesus here, take His words,-' 'beareth not fruit", "beareth fruit", "bear more fruit", "bear fruit", "much fruit", "much fruit". Determine with clearness what Jesus means by "Abide in me". What condition of prevailing prayer does Jesus here give? What relation does the prayer bear to "much fruit"? 3. Thoughtfully study vv. 9-1 1. What does Jesus give as the basis of the *'joy" which marked His life? What way does He give for the fulfilment of the joy of any disciple of His? 4. Read v. 12 with v. 17. -- Now study the several thoughts by which the two statements of the commandment are con- nected, vv. 12-17. R-ead vv. 9 a and 12 as one verse, with observation of the "Even as", "even as". What does Jesus give as the larger purpose in His choice of this group of friends? "That your fruit should abide^^ : upon what does the stability of any Christian work depend? 5. But the disciples will bear a relation to the world as well as to Jesus (vv. i-ii), and to each other (vv. 12-17). For Jesus' statement of that future, read vv. 18-25. "The word that I said": cf. § 64, Mt. 10:24. "In their law": Ps. 35:19; 69:4. PERSONAL THOUGHTS: 1. "If ye abide in me, and my words abide in you, ask what- soever ye will, and it shall be done unto you." Do I fulfil this fundamental condition of prevailing prayer? 2. "If ye keep my commandments, ye shall abide in my love; even as /have kept my Father's commandments, and abide in his love. " Do I abide in Christ through this unmistakable way revealed to me by Him? 3. "Ye are my friends, if ye do the things which I command you." Judged by the standard which He gives, am I a friend of Jesus? 192 Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 26: THE FAREWELL DISCOURSES OF JESUS Fourth Day: § 134. Christ's Farewell Discourses (continued) 1. Jesus has spoken of the hatred of the world (§ 134, Jo. 15: 18-25). He will develop that truth more fully. But He interrupts Himself for a moment to refer to the power which will sustain the disciples. Read § 134, Jo. 15:26, 27. It is still "bear witness' \ "bear witness" in order to the "bear fruit," "much fruit" of Jo. 15:1-8. 2. Jesus has even more serious things to announce to the dis- ciples. Read § 134, Jo. 16:1-4. ^^^ ^ comment on v. 2, read the course of Paul, as in Acts 26:9-11. All was to be different after Jesus had gone and when they had fully entered upon their great mission. Yet it was "expedient," for read vv. 5-7. "No one asked how this departure affected Hhn; so completely had their own sorrow absorbed them. Thus they missed the abiding significance of His departure for themselves." "It is expedient": "The withdrawal of His limited bodily Presence necessarily prepared the way for the recognition of a universal Presence." In what other ways was it expedient? 3. "The Spirit of truth," of whom Jesus makes such promise, bears a relation ( i ) to the world, (2) to the disciples. (i) Concerning His relation to the world, study thoughtfully in vv. 8-1 1. Determine with clearness the meaning of the separate statements of v. 9, v 10 and v, 11. (2) Concern- ing the relation of "the Spirit of truth" to the disciples, make a careful study of vv. 12 15. "He shall not speak from himself": "His teaching is the perfect expression of the one will of God." That which is here affirmed of the Spirit is also said of Jesus (cf. § 82, v. 16; § 84, vv. 26, 28; § 85, vv. 38, 40; § 134, Jo. 15 :15b). For some knowledge of the vital work of "the Spirit of truth," dwell much in thought upon the revelation given in v. 14. "There is a mysterious exchange here and, as it were, a rivalry of divine humility. The Son labors only to glorify the Father, and the Spirit desires only to glorify the Son. Christ, His word and I-:l is work-herein is the sole text on which the Spirit will comment in the souls of the disciples." PERSONAL THOUGHT: "Howbeit v/hen he, the Spirit of truth, is come, he shall guide you into all the truth." Do I constantly fulfil the condition on which the Spirit of truth is given (cf. Acts 5:32)? 1S3 Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 26: THE FAREWELL DISCOURSES OF JESUS Fifth Day: § 134. Chrisps Farewell Discourses (concluded) 1. Jesus has opened some distant prospects to His disciples with reference to their life and work in the future. He now returns to that matter which most occupies the thoughts of the pres- ent moments, that of His impending departure. How natu- ral that He should thus close! Read § 134, Jo. 16:16-18. *'The objections of the disciples are natural, from their point of view. Where for us all is clear, for them all was mysteri- ous. If Jesus wishes to found the Messianic kingdom, why- go away? If He does not wish it, why return? Then, how can they imagine these contrary phases which are to be accomplished one after another?" 2. Jesus anticipates their question. Read vv. 19-22. He does not explain the supreme facts which are about to succeed each other so rapidly, for that would be an explanation which they could not understand. He limits Himself to a descrip- tion of the consequences of these facts. * 'A time of bitter sorrow is to be followed by joy ( 19, 20), by joy springing(so to speak) naturally out of the sorrow (21, 22)." And that joy is to be carried to a complete fulfilment^ for read vv. 23, 24. The privileges are: a full knowledge (v. 23 a) and a iv^ power (v. 23 b). So **the Spirit of truth" is **J^sus Himself in another form." 3. The disciples had many questions while He was with them in the flesh. But the future will be different. Readvv. 25-27. Study the 28th verse as * 'a brief summary of the whole his- toric work of Christ. ' ' Now study the effect upon the dis- ciples of ' 'this simple and precise recapitulation of all the mysteries of His past, present and future existence, ' * as given in vv. 29, 30. ''Here is for Jesus a moment of unutterable sweetness; He is recognized and understood-He Jesus-by these eleven Galileans. This is for Him enough; His work is for the moment ended. There remains nothing further for Him but to close the conversation and give thanks.* Read w. 31-33. Personal Thought: "Your joy no one taketh away from you." Is such joy one of the characteristics of my service of Christ? 194 Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 26: THE FAREWELL DISCOURSES OF JESUS Sixth Day: § 135. The Intercessory Prayer (continued) 1. **The announcement of victory with which Jesus closed His conversations with the disciples (§ 134, Jo. 16:33) was an anticipation of faith. To transform the victory which was announced into a present reality, nothing less was needed than the action of the omnipotence of God. It is to Him that Jesus turns.*' 2. (i) The prayer of Jesus for Himself: Thoughtfully, reverently and prayerfully study § 135. vv. 1-5. What is the object of that glorification of Himself for which Jesus prays? Give much thought to Jesus' profound definition of * 'eternal life" (v. 3). What is meant by "know"? **I glorified thee": * 'By a life of absohtte obedi- ence and love Christ had revealed-and therefore glorified-the Father." "The work which thou hast given me' ^; "Christ's work is not self-chosen, but wrought out in perfect obedi- ence,'^' With V. 5, thoughtfully read Phil. 2:5-11. 3. (2) The prayer of Jesus for His disciples: (a) His ministry with them, -study vv. 6-8. "I manifested thy name" : "Christ made known perfectly the name of God as Father in His life. Even to the Jew this conception of the relation of God to man was new." With vv. 7, 8, read again § 134, Jo. 16:29, 30. Jesus has set forth the character and the position of the disciples, what they had received and made their own; He now looks forward to their future. (b) His prayer for them,-study vv. 9-13. "The scripture" : Ps. 41:9. "I am glorified in them": "To glorify God or Christ is to make Him known or to acknowledge Him as being what He is. Here then Christ bears witness to the faith of the disciples who had been enabled to confess Him even in His state of self-humiliation." "That they may be one' ' : ' 'The unity is not only of will and love but of nature, perfectly realized in absolute harmony in Christ.'*'* "These things I speak' ' : ' 'The prayer was uttered aloud that the disciples might draw strength from the words which they heard." PERSONAL THOUGHT: 'I glorified thee on the earth" (v. 4). "I manifested thy name" (v. 6). Am I doing on behalf of the Son those things which the Son did on behalf of the Father? 195 Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 26: THE FAREWELL DISCOURSES OF JESUS Seventh Day: § 135. The Intercessory Prayer (concluded) 1. Thoughtfully study, as a whole, the prayer made by Jesus for His own person (§ 135, vv. 1-5). Now read Jesus' review of His ministry for His disciples (vv. 6-8). Give new thought to the prayer for the disciples to the point already considered (vv. 9-13). But the disciples are not only going to remain alone in the world; they are to be the objects of its hatred. Study the additional requests of Jesus on their behalf, as invv. 14-19. What does Jesus mean by the prayer of v. 17? "I sanctify myself": "He showed through His life how all that is human may be brought wholly into the service of God. The sacrifice of life was now to be consummated in death, whereby the last offering of self was made. * ' 2. (3) The prayer of Jesus for all believers: Thoughtfully study the remaining verses of the chapter (vv. 20-26). "That they may all be one'*: * 'That which sepa- rates believers is what they have oi self in their views and will; that which unites them is what they have of Christ, and thereby of the divine, in them." What does Jesus set forth as the result of such unity? To what does Jesus refer in His mention of "the glory which thou hast given me"? "That they may behold my glory": *'The glory here spoken of is the glory of a restored and consummated harmony of God and man, which is made the final object of the contemplation of believers, even as it is already potentially given to them (cf. V. 22). *'In the two concluding verses (vv. 25, 26) the jus- tification (if we may so speak) of the whole prayer is gathered up in a simple enumeration of the facts of the world's ignor- ance, Christ's knowledge, and the disciples' faith; and the substance of it in the two fold end, that the love of the Father for the Son, and the Son Himself, may be in the disciples, who henceforward represent Him." 3. Thoughtfully read through the prayer of Jesus as a whole. Personal thought: As a disciple of Jesus, am I fulfilling the mission which He here reveals as that chosen by Him for those who are His? 106 Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 27: JESUS IN GETHSEMANE AND BEFORE THE JEWISH AUTHORITIES First Day: § 136. The Agony in Gethsemane 1. Jesus and His disciples may have remained in the * 'large upper room" during the profound discourses of John 15 and 16, and the sweet and solemn prayer of John 17, not- withstanding the suggestion of § 134, Jo. 14:31 b. Read § 136: Mt. V. 30; Mk. V. 26; Lu. V. 39; Jo. V. i. "He went forth": may refer, however, to the departure from the limits of the city, rather than to that from the room. The brook Kidron separates Olives from the Temple-mount. 2. Read Lu. v. 40; Mk. v. 32; Mt. v. 36. For the need of prayer on the disciples' part, read again in§ 134: Mt. v. 31; Mk. V. 27; Lu. v. 31. But in this supreme hour of trial Jesus would not be utterly alone, for read Mk. vv. 33, 34; Mt. VV. 37, 38 (cf. §§ 60 b, 77 ). Why did Jesus wish them near Him? 3. Thoughtfully study Mt. v. 39; Mk. vv. 35, 36; Lu. vv. 41- 43. "Not as I will but as thou wilt" : study this fundamental law of Jesus' life as stated by Him in § 33, vv. 32, 34; § 44, V. 30; § 68, V. 38; § 84, V. 29; § 85, V. 55 b; § 134: Jo. 14: 31a; Jo. r5:iob. 4. Read Mt. vv. 40, 41; Mk. vv. 37, 38. It was now past the midnight hour, hence the sleep. The time of their tempta- tion was very near. There was need for intense prayer on their part. Read Mk. vv. 39, 40; Lu. vv. 44-46; Mt. vv. 42, 43. What progress is marked by the second prayer? Study Mk. vv. 41, 42; Mt vv. 44-46. "Sleep on now" so far as concerns the object for which He desired them to watch, but "Arise," in view of that which is imminent. 5. "Jesus rises from this struggle delivered from His fear; that is to say, in possession of the profound calm which perfect submission gives to the soul. He has given Himself up wholly; He has done what He Himself proclaimed before pass- ing the Kidron: 'For their sakes I sanctify myself* (§ 135, v. 19). Henceforth He walks with a firm step to meet that cross the sight of which an instant before made Him stagger." PERSONAL THOUGHTS: "Not my will, but thine, be done." Have I likeness to Jesus through 2, full acceptance of this principle for my life? Is this prayer of Jesus the prayer of prayers in my life of prayer? 197 Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 27: JESUS IN GETHSEMANE AND BEFORE THE JEWISH AUTHORITIES SECOND DAY: § 137. The Betrayal and Arrest (continued) 1. Thoughtfully study again the account of the conspiracy between the chief priests and Judas as given in §132: Mt. vv. 14-16; Mk. vv. 10, 11; Lu. vv. 3-6. For what special condition did Judas wait? Why was this precaution taken? Consider how fully the present place of Jesus and the Eleven ( Gethsemane) meets the condition. 2. In § 137, read Lu. v. 47 a; Mt. v. 47; Mk. v. 43. *'From the chief priests and the scribes and the elders" : thus the highest court of the Jews had given authority for the arrest. The chief priests were for the most part Sadducees, while the scribes were probably all Pharisees. Read Mk. vv. 44- 46; Mt. vv. 48-50; Lu. vv. 47 b, 48. The "token'* was probably agreed upon because the Roman officer in charge of *'the band of soldiers" did not know Jesus (cf. § 137, Jo. V. 3). With Mt. V. 50 compare § 133, Jo. v. 27 b. 3. Read Mk. v. 47; Lu. vv. 49-51; Mt. vv. 51-54. For the name of the "certain one*', read § 137, Jo. v. 10. "This act of violence not only compromised the safety of Peter, but even the Lord's cause. Jesus was all but hindered thereby from addressing Pilate in the words so important for His defence against the crime with which the Jews charged Him (cf. § 139, Jo. 18:36). Nothing less was needed than the immediate cure of Malchus to restore the moral situa- tion. ' ' "Future years would teach the disciples that Christ's cause is served by dying, not by killing." 4. Read Mt. vv. 55, 56; Mk. vv. 48-50; Lu. vv, 52, 53. What parties in the "great multitude" (Mt. v. 47) does Luke name? The "captains of the temple" were the heads of the soldiery charged with keeping guard over the Temple. 5. Read the note by Mark, vv. 51, 52. It has been conjec- tured that the young man was Mark himself, whose mother had a house in Jerusalem (Acts 12:12), and who delighted to thus ' 'link himself on, in what may have been to him the turning point of his spiritual history, to this great event." PERSONAL THOUGHT: "And they all left him, and fled." Does my discipleship to Jesus mean so much to me that I would accept imprisonment and death rather than renounce allegiance to Him? 198 Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 27: JESUS IN GETHSEMANE AND BEFORE THE JEWISH AUTHORITIES Third Day: § 137. The Betrayal and Arrest (concluded) § 138, The Trial before the Jewish Authorities (continued) 1. Thoughtfully read through the account of tnc betrayal and arrest of Jesus as given by John in § 1 37. What are the details given by John but not by the other evangelists? In what order may the several events of the four writers be arranged so as to present a complete whole? The "soldiers** (v. 3) were part of the body of Roman soldiers stationed as a gar- rison in Jerusalem; the * 'officers'* (v. 3) were members of the temple- police, under control of *'the chief priests and the Pharisees/' that is, the Sanhedrin. 2. In § 138, read Mt. v. 57a; Mk. v. 53a; Lu. v. 54a; Jo. vv. 12-14. Distinguish (Jo. v. 12) ''the band" of Roman sol- diers, "the chief captain" or Roman ofificer in command of them, and "the officers of the Jews" or temple-police. With this verse take Lu. v. 52 and Mk. v. 47 and determine the different elements of the "great multitude" (Mt. v. 47). "Annas is one of the most remarkable figures in the Jewish history of the time. His unexampled fortune was celebrated in that he himself and his ^ve sons held the high-priesthood in succession. This mere record reveals the skilful intriguer" (cf. § 18, Lu. v. 2; Acts 4:6). 3. Read § 138, Jo. vv. 15-18. "Another disciple": probfably John, the writer of the narrative (cf. § 143, Jo, v. 2; § 133, Jo. vv. 23-25). It was common for the Jews to have female doorkeepers (cf Acts 12:13). The private "servants" of the high priests and "the officers"-the temple-police-were standing there (v. 18), the Roman soldiers having now returned to their garrison, 4. Read § 138, Jo. vv. 19-24. "Of his disciples, and of his teaching": the high priest sought to draw from Him an answer suited to give a ground for His condemnation. Read 199 Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 27: JESUS IN GETHSEMANE AND BEFORE THE JEWISH AUTHORITIES Third Day: § 137. The Betrayal and Arrest (concluded) § 138. The Trial before the Jewish Authorities (continued) V. 13 with V. 24. So it appears that the first examination was before Annas. But read vv. 15, 19, 22. From these it is evident that the examination took place in the palace of Caiaphas, and that he led in the questioning. Why then the statements of vv. 13, 24? It has been suggested (i ) that Annas and Caiaphas lived in different parts of the same palace, ( 2 ) that the examination before Annas was informal and preliminary-a private examination in the chamber of Annas. **At the close of this unofificial proceeding, Annas, the real leader in the whole action, sent Jesus to Caiaphas for a formal trial," Personal thought: *'The cup which the Father hath given me, shall I not drink it?" Does the spirit here manifested by Jesus characterize my acceptance of that life to which God calls me? 200 Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 27: JESUS IN GETHSEMANE AND BEFORE THE JEWISH AUTHORITIES Fourth Day: § 138. The Trial before the Jewish Authorities (continued) 1. * 'Annas therefore sent him bound unto Caiaphas the high priest" (§ 138, Jo. v. 24). It is probt*ble that during the examination before Annas, the members of the Sanhedrin had been called together in haste, in as large numbers as possible, to the house of Caiaphas. The sitting before Annas had terminated without any positive result. The questions of Caiaphas at that time (Jo. v. 19) were intended tu extract beforehand some saying which would serve him for Jesus' condemnation in the more formal meeting. Read§ 138: Lu. V. 54a; Mt. V. 57; Mk. V. 53. This was not a regular session of the Sanhedrin; a formal session could not be held till "morning was come." Read Lu. vv. 54b, 55; Mt. v. 58; Mk. V. 54. "The building was doubtless four-square, surrounding an open court. Upon this court opened the rooms, one of which formed the audience room of the high priest, and proba- bly another that of Annas." 2. Read Mt. vv. 59-61; Mk. vv. 55-59. Refer to § 27, vv. 18, 19. Wherein was this testimony a perversion of what Jesus had said? * 'The utter failure, nothwithstanding diligent effort, to find anything against Jesus, shows that his life was most pure and wholly irreprehensible. " 3. Read Mk. vv. 60-64; Mt. vv. 62-66. What was the blas- phemy with which they charged Jesus? "There was nothing in itself blasphemous in one calling himself the Christ. This claim, even if it was false, was not an outrage on the honor of God." "There is no indication in the Jewish books that the Messiah was expected to be divine. ' ' Personal thought: "Peter followed him afar off.'' Does this ever express my relation to Jesus as His disciple? 201 Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 27: JESUS IN GETHSEMANE AND BEFORE THE JEWISH AUTHORITIES Fifth Day: § 138. The Trial before the Jewish Authorities (continued) 1. **And they all condemned him to be worthy of death** (§138, Mk. V. 64b). But the Jewish authorities had not the power to put to death. That was reserved by the Romans (cf. § 139, Jo. V. 31). This judgment by '*the chief priests and the elders and the scribes' * stirred the wild beast ele- ment in some of the baser beings who were around Jesus. Read§ 138: Mk. v. 65; Mt. vv. 67, 68; Lu. vv. 63-65. "The officers received him" : that is, till the regular meet- ing of the Sanhedrin, which could not be held sooner than the morning. From Mark it would seem that some mem- bers of the Sanhedrin took part in these outrages. 2. The first denial by Peter: Read LCi. vv. 55-57; Mt. vv. 69, 70; Mk. vv. 66-68. It was unusual to need a fire at the Passover season, hence the note of John in v. i8-"for it was cold." Peter probably expected to pass unobserved in this company. John has preserved the account which shows the basis for the maid's assertion (cf. Jo. v. 16). However, "the portress made no remark when John brought in his friend. It was not likely that she should do so. But afterwards, noticing him by the fire-light, she spoke directly to him." 3. The second denial by Peter: Read Jo. v. 25; Lu. v. 58; Mk. vv. 69, 70a; Mt, vv. 70, 71. "We have often seen that the Evangelists do not under- * take in all cases to give the exact words spoken; we are concerned only with any such discrepancy of statement as might seem to impair credibility," 4. The third denial by Peter: Read Jo. vv. 26, 27; Lu. vv. 59, 60; Mk. vv. 70b. -72; Mt. vv. 73-75. Now read Lu. vv. 61, 62. "The Lord turned, and looked upon Peter" : we may suppose that the officers were just then leading Jesus across the court. Personal Thoughts: "I know not the man," "I know not the man." As a professed disciple of Jesus, am I denying Him at any points by the manner of my life? Do I ever deny Christ by my negative attitude in the presence of others? 202 Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 27: JESUS IN GETHSEMANE AND BEFORE THE JEWISH AUTHORITIES Sixth Day: § 138. The Trial before the Jewish Authorities (concluded) 1. *'And led him to Annas first" (§ 138, Jo. v. 13). But the examination in the presence of Annas was not a trial, but a mere personal interrogation before an aged ex-high priest. * 'Annas therefore sent him bound into Caiaphas the high priest" (§ 138, Jo. v. 24). In the high priest's house, an informal session of the Sanhedrin had tried and condemned Jesus during the night. *'The law forbidding capital trials in the night had been broken; the place of session (Caiaphas' house) was unusual if not illegal; perhaps the attendance, so early after midnight, had not been full. On these accounts it was expedient that a more regular and legal sitting should be held as early in the morning as was possible. ' ' Of that session, read in § 138: Mt. 27:1; Mk. 15:1; Lu. v. 66. This meeting was probably held in the official council chamber of the Sanhedrin. 2. At this session, nothing was needed but to again draw out the confession of Jesus, to pronounce sentence, and to plan how their purpose might be effected. Study the account by Luke, vv. 67-71. "If the assertions of Jesus regarding His person appeared in the judgment of the Jews to be blasphemy, it was because in His mouth the title Son of God always signi- fied something else and something more than that of Mes- siah, and because the latter was in His lips only a corollary from the former.'* 3. The fate of Jesus had now become evident, even to the dis- ciples who so often "perceived not the. things that were said'* (§ 113, Lu. V. 34). What of the feelings of that one who had betrayed Him? Read Mt. w. 3-10. Refer to Zech. 11:13. Read Acts 1:16-19. PERSONAL THOUGHT: , "If I tell you, ye will not believe: and if I ask you, ye will not answer." Do I make the acquisition of spiritual truth impossible to myself by the spirit either of unreasonable doubt or of insincere evasion? Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 27: JESUS IN GETHSEMANE AND BEFORE THE JEWISH AUTHORITIES Seventh Day: §§ 136-138. Review 1 . Why did Jesus urge that the disciples pray for themselves after they had entered Gethsemane? 2. What previous crises in His life did Jesus meet with earnest prayer? 3. What experience of Jesus, having a likeness to that in Gethse- mane, does John record? Dwell thoughtfully upon these experiences. 4. What element in the prayers of Jesus in Gethsemane is an expression of the law of His life? What truth for all prayers is revealed by these prayers? 5. In what essential way does the prayer in Mt. 26:42 differ from that in Mt. 26:39? 6. What fundamental likenesses are there between the experience in Gethsemane and that in the wilderness (§ 20)? 7. For what special condition did Judas wait in order to accom- plish his purpose? Why was this required? With what offi- cial body did Judas deal? 8. In what ways did the act of Peter seriously compromise the position of Jesus and of His disciples? What is the law of Jesus concerning the relation of religion and force? 9. From what is known of Annas, suggest some reasons why Jesus was first taken before him for a private examination. State, in general terms, the nature of this examination. 10. Why was Jesus twice led before the members of the Sanhe- drin for trial by them? Give an outline of their procedure in the first trial? 1 1 . What are the several ways by which Peter was identified as • a disciple of Jesus? From the several accounts given, what seems to have been the course of his denials? 12. Exactly what was the ground of the condemnation of Jesus for blasphemy? 13. From all that has been learned of Judas, give a statement of his leading characteristics. PERSONAL THOUGHTS: 1. § 136. Am I obedient to God? 2. § 137. Am I free from the faults of Judas? 3. § 138. Am I free from the faults of Peter? 204 Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 28: THE TRIAL BEFORE THE CIVIL AUTHORITIES AND THE CRUCIFIXION FIRST Day: § 139. The Trial before Pilate (continued) 1. After Archelaus(§ 14, v- 22), son and successor of Herod the Great (§ 4, v. 5; § 13, v. i), had been banished by the Roman emperor toGaulJudea was added to the province of Syria, and governed by deputies called procurators. Of these Pontius Pilate was the sixth (§ 18, Lu. v. r). In § 139, read the ist verse of each account. The sentence was determined, but the Sanhedrin had no power to act, hence the trial before Pilate. 2. Read Jo. vv. 29-32. Study the answer (v. 30). The Jews attempted to have their sentence fulfilled without giving account of the grounds on which it rested. Pilate's adroit method ( v. 31 a) forces them to confess that nothing less than death will satisfy them (v. 31b), and this they cannot inflict. They have now no alternative but to make the charges, 3. Study the charges against Jesus as stated in Lu. v. 2. How many separate charges? (i) "Perverting our nation**: a charge which lacks definiteness and which has in it nothing of truth. (2) "Tribute to Caesar" : how had Jesus dealt with that problem? (3") ^*Chnstah'ng'* : read §66, Jo. vv. 14, 15! By this they would bring the case under the head of treason. 4. Pilate takes their central charge. Study Lu. v. 3; Mk. vv. 2-5;Mt.vv. 11-14. Why was it that Jesus kept so complete a silence before the Roman as well as the Jewish tribunal? 5. John gives a more complete account. Read Jo. vv. 33-35. Jesus would lead Pilate to reflect on the 7neaning of the term he uses before giving His reply (v. 34 ). But Pilate is utterly indifferent (v. 35 ) to what he regards as a purely Jewish ques- tion. Jesus would have him know, however, the sense in which He is king. Study Jo. v. 36. But he was slow of apprehension. Thoughtfully study Jo. vv. 37, 38 a. "He came to conquer the world, and for this end His only weapon is to bear witness to the truth; His people are recruited from all men who open them- selves to the truth. The truth, the revelation of God-that is the sceptre with which He bears sway over the earth." Personal Thoughts: * 'Every one that is of the truth heareth my voice. '* Am I one of those whom Jesus regards as being of the truth? His test: "heareth my voice." Do I put myself under the power of the Truth as livingly revealed in Jesus? 205 Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 28: THE TRIAL BEFORE THE CIVIL AUTHORITIES AND THE CRUCIFIXION Second Day: § 139. The Trial before Pilate (continued) 1. The conversation of Pilate with Jesus concerning the central charge made by the Jews (Jo. vv. 33-38a) resulted in con- vincing him that he had not to do with a rival of Caesar. Read his declaration to the Jews in § 139: Jo. v. 38b; Lu. v. 4. His duty then was simply to discharge Jesus. But he feared to displease the Jews, and had recourse to expedients, 2. For some knowledge of the state of those with whom he had to deal, read Lu. v. 5. But their urgency and sweeping con- demnation presented an apparent solution to his problem, for read Lu. vv. 6, 7. Refer to the lower right-hand corner of the map. Herod lived at Tiberias, and Pilate at Csesarea. 3. Herod was the murderer of John the Baptist. Read his thoughts about Jesus in § 65: Mt. vv. i, 2; Mk. vv. 14-16; Lu, vv. 7-9. * 'And he sought to see him' ' ; the opportunity had now come. Read § 139, Lu. v. 8. **Jesus was to him what a skilful juggler is to a seated court-an object of curiosity." Read Lu. vv. 9, 10. ''Before this personage, a monstrous mixture of bloody levity and sombre superstition, He main- tained a silence which even the accusations of the Sanhedrin (v. 10) could not lead Him to break." Read §99, vv. 31,32. 4. Herod was wounded and humiliated by the attitude of Jesus. Read of his treatment in Lu. v, 11. Thus Jesus was a second time acquitted from all political charges. Read Lu. v. 12. 'The cause of their quarrel had probably been some conflict of jurisdiction (cf. § 96, v. i). In that case, was not the best means of soldering up the quarrel to concede to him a right of jurisdiction within the very city of Jerusalem?" 5. Study the judgment of Pilate on Jesus after His return by Herod, as stated in Lu. vv. 13-15. He thus declares the prisoner to be absolutely innocent. But read his suggestion in Lu. V. 16. Was that just? "This was the point at which Pilate began to yield to the fatal vacillation which soon passed into guilt and made it afterwards impossible for him to escape. " Personal Thoughts: "I find no fault in this man ... I will therefore chastise him" ! Do I allow popular judgments to determine my course of action in any particulars? Do I follow popular wishes to gain popular approval? Do I in any degree sacrifice principle for position? 208 Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 28: THE TRIAL BEFORE THE CIVIL AUTHORITIES AND THE CRUCIFIXION Third Day: § 139. The Trial before Pilate (continued) 1. The judgment of Pilate after an examination of Jesus was such that he should have completely and promptly acquitted Him. He had recourse to an expedient which he thought would satisfy the Jews (§ 139, Lu. v. 16). A request made by the people opens the way for Pilate. Read of that request in § 139, Mk. vv. 6-8. Pilate tries to give Jesus the benefit of this circumstance, for read Mk. v. 9; Jo. v. 39; Mt. vv. 15-17. He knows that Jesus is the victim of party hatred, for read Mt. v. 18; Mk, v. 10. The hope of Pilate is in *'the multitude" who have always been favorable to Jesus. For one reason why Pilate acted with hesitancy, read Mt. v. 19. 2. If * 'the people" had given expression to their own natural judgment and will,Jesus might have been released. But other most potent influences and forces were at work, for study Mk. v. 11; Mt. V. 20; Jo. v. 40; Lu. vv. 18, 19. Barabbas was a true representative of that revolutionary spirit of which the Sanhedrin were falsely accusing Jesus. 3. Pilate's expedient failed because of the influence of the reli- gious leaders. By an unwise question he gives the Jews an opportunity to express their will, for read Mk. vv. 12, 13; Mt. vv. 21, 22; Lu. vv. 20, 21. He now tries to satisfy the anger of the most infuriated, and to excite the pity of those who are yet capable of this feeling, by a beginning of punish- ment. For his proposal read Mt. v. 23; Mk. v. 14; Lu. vv. 22, 23a. By his weakness, Pilate has been led on, till now he is past the point where he may safely oppose the Jews. 4. Pilate would shift the responsibility. Read Mt. vv. 24, 25. "Too easy souls, who dream the crystal flood Can wash away the fearful guilt of blood." *'His blood be on us" : "Titus, during the siege of Jerusalem, caused many captured fugitives, sometimes ^ve hundred a day, to be 'scourged and tortured in every form, and then crucified in front of the ramparts/ '' Read Mt. v. 26; Mk, V. 15; Lu. vv. 23b-25. PERSONAL THOUGHTS: * 'And their voices prevailed. ' * Do I ever allow the voices of the many to lead me to conduct opposed to my convictions? Does the voice of God within me ha.ve/u// prevailing power? 207 Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 28: THE TRIAL BEFORE THE CIVIL AUTHORITIES AND THE CRUCIFIXION Fourth Day: § 139. The Trial before Pilate (concluded) , I. "Then released he unto them Barabbas; but Jesus hescourged." According to the Roman criminal code, scourging must nec- essarily precede the punishment of crucifixion. Scourging, as it was practised among the Romans, was a punishment so cruel that the condemned person very often succumbed to it. In § 139, read Jo. 19:1-3; Mk. vv. 16-19; Mt. vv. 27-30. *'The Jews had mocked him as a pretended prophet (§ 138, Mt. V. 68); here the Romans mock him as a pretended kingj'* 2. Pilate had yielded to the priests and rulers, and had sent Jesus to be scourged as preliminary to His crucifixion. But, beholding Him bloody from the scourge, clothed with the purple robe, and wearing the crown of thorns, his own com- passion was awakened and he resolved to make one last effort to deliver him from death. Read Jo. vv. 4-7. "Behold, the man!": "Fear alike and envy, Pilate argues, must disappear at the sight of one enduring with absolute patience such humi- liation." But read v. 6 a. "We have a law": Levit. 24:16 3. Pilate had acted with fear (cf. Mt. v. 19). Read Jo. vv. 8-11. Why did Jesus give no answer to Pilate? The **me" and "I" of V. ID are emphatic. What did Jesus mean by the statements of v. 11? Read Jo- v. 12. So in the last extremity they resort to personal intimidation. Pilate fears Tiberius, so the effect is immediate, for read Jo. v. 13. "The trial of this last expedient was, on the part of the Jews, a renouncing of their great national hope, the very idea of the Messiah. Such a victory was a suicide. In this regard also it is easy to under- stand how, in their plan of battle, they should have reserved this manoeuvre for the last; it was the stroke of desperation.'* 4. Study Jo. vv. 14-16. "We have no king but Caesar" : "Thus had the Jews been led, step by step, not only to reject their Messiah, to prefer a robber and murderer before Him, to in- sist mercilessly that He should be put to a most shameful death, but even to accept and openly proclaim the Roman emperor as their king." Read Mt. v. 31 and Mk. v. 20. PERSONAL THOUGHTS: "We have no king but Csesar." Will Jesus accept any less place than that of king in my life? Have I given Him the supreme place? Or does my will rule in some regions? 208 Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 28: THE TRIAL BEFORE THE CIVIL AUTHORITIES AND THE CRUCIFIXION Fifth Day: § 140. The Crucifixion (continued) T. "Then therefore he delivered him unto them to be crucified" (§ i39t Jo- V. i6), though, of course, the Roman soldiers were their instruments. In § 140, readMt. v. 32; Lu. v. 26; Mk.v. 21. **As they came out" : that is, from the city. Within the city, Jesus had for a time borne His own cross (cf Jo. v. 17), but probably the long hours of sleepless agitation and the terrible scourging had made Him too feeble to bear it for any distance. *'Rufus": perhaps the one of Rom. 16:13. 2, Jesus had spoken no words under violence and anguish. But pity leads him to utterance. Read Lu. vv. 27-32. "These sayings of Jesus testify to. His entire self-forgetfulness." **Hundreds of the Jews at the end of the siege hid themselves in subterranean recesses, and no less than 2,000 were killed by being buried under the ruins of these hiding-places." 3. Read Lu. vv. 33, 34; Mt. vv. 33-38; Mk. vv. 22-27; Jo. vv. 16-19. "The third hour": that is, 9:00 A. M., according to the ancient mode of reckoning, followed by the Jews. "To criminals on the way to execution there was given a drink con- sisting of wine mixed with a bit of frankincense to stupefy them. According to tradition, the noble women of Jerusalem fur- nished this at their own expense" (cf Lu. v. 28). While the draught would have deadened Jesus* pain, it would also have beclouded His faculties. 4, Pilate had been forced by the Jews, to act against his will. Read Jo. vv. 20-22. "When there was no longer any per- sonal danger Pilate held to his purpose. The trait corresponds perfectly with his character." Read Jo. vv. 23, 24. "The scripture": Ps. 22:18. 5. Thoughtfully read Lu. vv. 35-38; Mk. vv. 29-32; Mt. vv. 39-43. Distinguish clearly the several different classes in those about the cross, and study the specific actions of each of them. Dwell upon these details of the scene till it becomes real. PERSONAL THOUGHT: ''Father, forgive them." Do I pray as Jesus prayed and has taught me to pray (§ 49, Mt. 5:44) on behalf of those who are my enemies? 209 Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 28: THE TRIAL BEFORE THE CIVIL AUTHORITIES AND THE CRUCIFIXION Sixth Day: § 140. The Crucifixion (concluded) 1 . There was another aggravation, from a source whence it would be least expected, for read § 140: Mt. v. 44; Mk. v. 32b; Lu. V. 39. Both of the malefactors were not of the same spirit, however, for read Lu. vv. 40-43. *'The prayer which he addresses to Jesus (v. 42) is suggested to him by that faith in an unlimited mercy which had been awaked in him by hearing the prayer of Jesus for His executioners.'' 2. *'To His executioners He had bequeathed the pardon of God, to His companion in punishment, Paradise. Could He find noth- ing to leave to His mother and His friend?" Read Jo. vv. 25-27. 3. Read Lu. v. 44; Mt. vv. 45-47; Mk. vv. 33-35. **The sixth hour" : that is, 12:00 M. Reverently dwell in thought upon the nature of that experience which could call forth this cry from Jesus. Read Jo. vv. 28,29; M^- vv, 36,37; Mt. v. 48- 50. "The scripture": Ps. 69:21. A burning fever and a consequent thirst were produced by crucifixion. The 'Vine- gar" was probably thin sour wine, the ordinary drink of the soldiers. Now thoughtfully read Jo. v. 30 and Lu. v. 46. Study, as a whole, the "seven words from the cross": (i) Lu. V. 34; (2) Lu. v. 43; (3) Jo. vv. 26, 27; (4) Mt. V. 46 with Mk. V. 34; (5) Jo. V. 28; (6) Jo. v. 30; (7) Lu. v. 46. 4. Read Mk. v. 38; Lu. v. 45; Mt. vv. 51-53. "The extraor- dinary signs which accompanied the death of Jesus are explained by the profound connection existing, on the one side between Christ and humanity, on the other between humanity and nature. Christ is the soul of humanity, as humanity is the soul of the external world." 5. Study the effects of Jesus' death upon the several classes: (i) Lu. V. 47; Mk. V. 39; Mt. V. 54 (2) Lu. v. 48 (3) Lu. v. 49; Mt. VV. 55, 56; Mk. VV. 40, 41. 6. Read Jo. vv. 31-37. In the case of crucifixion the person usually lived twelve hours, sometimes even till the second or third day. "The scripture' ' : Exod. 1 2 :46. ' 'Another scripture": Zech. 12:10. Give thought to John's 35th verse. PERSONAL THOUGHT: ' 'Truly this man was the Son of God. ' * To what belief have these weeks of study led me concerning the person of Jesus of Nazareth? 210 Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 28: THE TRIAL BEFORE THE CIVIL AUTHORITIES AND THE CRUCIFIXION Seventh Day: § 141. The Burial § 142. The Watch at the Sepulchre 1. By the law of Moses it was required that no dead body should remain hanging overnight (Deut. 21:22,23). Josephus says: * 'The Jews are so attentive to the rites of sepulture as to take down even those who have undergone the sentence of cruci- fixion, and inter them before sunset." Hence the request of § 140, Jo. v= 31. But, before the bodies were removed in the ordinary course, a request was made of Pilate. Read § 141: Mt. vv. 57, 58; Lu. vv. 50-52; Jo. v. 38; Mk. vv. 42-45. "A councillor*': that is, a member of the Sanhedrin. "Looking for the kingdom of God": cf § 12, vv. 25, 38. "Boldly": he took great risks in view of his position in the Sanhedrin. From the four accounts, frame a complete statement concerning Joseph. 2. Joseph was not alone, for read Jo. v. 39. Perhaps the act of Joseph gave courage to Nicodemus. Make a study of the character of Nicodemus from § 28; § 82, vv. 45-52. Read § 141: Lu. v. 53; Mk. V. 46; Mt. vv. 59, 60; Jo. vv. 40-42. But there were deeply interested ones who witnessed this act of devotion. Read Mk. v. 47; Mt. v. 61; Lu. vv. 54-56. "They wished to complete the imperfect embalming of the body which Joseph and Nicodemus had hastily begun/' 3. Thoughtfully read through the whole of § 142. The day was our Saturday and the Jewish Sabbath, How account for the fact that the Jewish religious leaders remembered that Jesus had made this statement, while the disciples, apparently, for- got or disbelieved the prediction? PERSONAL THOUGHT: *'A disciple of Jesus, but secretly for fear of the Jews.'* Do I allow any fear of man to prevent me, at any time, from making that confession of Jesus which He asks of me and which would forward His Kingdom? 211 Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 29: THE RESURRECTION, APPEARANCES AND ASCENSION OF JESUS First Day: § 143. The Resurrection Morning (continued) 1. *The chief priests and the Pharisees," contrary to all the Jew- ish ideas of Sabbath observance had "made the sepulchre sure, sealing the stone" on their holy day (§ 142)! During these sacred hours, where were "the women, which had come with him out of Galilee*'? Read § 143, Lu. v. 56. "But" it was a time of restless rest, for see § 141, Lu. v. 56, and read § 143: Lu. 24:1; Mt. V. i; Mk. vv. i, 2. It is probable that the women had not yet heard of the seal and the guard. But they did have one problem, for read Mk, v. 3. 2. The problem of the women had, in the meantime, been solved, for read Mt. vv. 2-4. They saw the result, but not the pro- cess, for read Mk. v. 3 with v. 4, and Lu. v. 2. Yet they do see the agents of the result, for read Lu, vv. 3, 4; Mk. v. 5; Mt. v, 3. "We know so little of the modes of angelic exist- ence, how they who are ordinarily invisible can make them- selves visible, what parts were here severally assigned to them, and of the grounds of their action, that it is wholly impossible for us to say how many may have been present at this time within or around the sepulchre." 3. "And they were amazed." But the dazzling messengers had a great message for them. Study Mt. vv. 5, 6; Mk. v. 6. Now thoughtfully read the beautiful message as Luke has preserved it, vv. 5-7. "Remember how he spake unto you": how had the disciples received those revelations? The messen- gers now give a mission. Read the 7 th verse in Matthew and in Mark, "His disciples and Peter'' I for Peter, having denied, may consider himself outside the circle of disciples. "As he said": cf. § 134: Mt. v. 32; Mk. v. 28. 4. They have been given a mission of privilege. Read the 8th verse in Matthew and in Mark. "They said nothing": that is, on their way to the other disciples. But once in the sympathetic presence of "the rest" they speak freely. Read Lu, vv. 8, 9. 5. Thoughtfully consider the effect of the announcement as stated in Luke's loth and nth verses. PERSONAL THOUGHTS: "He is risen, even as he said," "There shall ye see him, as he said.'" Do I have 3. full belief in the words of Jesus? Do my works testify to the vitality of my belief in His promises of power? 212 Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 29: THE RESURRECTION, APPEARANCES AND ASCENSION OF JESUS Second DAY: § 143. The Resurrection Morning (concluded) § 144. The Report of the Watch 1. "These words appeared in their sight as idle talk." But the statements of the women were open to investigation, and it was only for a time that ''they disbelieved them." Read § 143, Lu. V. 1 2. John has preserved the fuller details in his graphic narrative. Read § 143, Jo. v. i. Mary was not alone, but she was the important one of the company for John's record. Read Jo. v. 2. "The other disciple" was, as has been seen, John, the writer of the account. Mary returned at once to these leaders among the disciples, while the other women pressed on even *'into the tomb" (Mk. v. 5; Lu. v. 3). ** We know": indicates that Mary had gone with others (cf. Mk.v.i). 2. Read Jo. vv. 3-7. That Luke knew of the presence of John with Peter (Lu. v. 12) is shown in § 145, Lu. v. 24-"they." ' 'Outran Peter": John was "the lad among the apostles.'* The strong emotion of John causes him to hesitate. Peter, of a more masculine and practical character, resolutely enters. Read Jo. vv. 8-10. "The scripture" : Ps. 16:10. "Hesaw, and believed'': "This must, indeed, have been one of the most ineffaceable moments of John's life. He initiates us into an incomparable personal reminiscence, into the way by which he reached the belief in the resurrection, in the first place, and then, through this, the perfect faith in Jesus as Messiah and Son of God." 3. Mary had returned to the tomb after Peter and John. With sympathetic thought, study that exquisite statement of the revelation of Jesus to personal love, Jo. vv. 11-18. 'The gardener": cf. § 141, Jo. v. 41. Thoughtfully determine why Mary did not recognize Jesus as soon as she saw Him? What is meant by the words of Jesus in v. 17? 4. Read through vv. 9-1 1 of Mark. Study Matthew's state- ment (vv. 9, 10) of a meeting of Jesus with the women. 5. But what of "theguard," "the chief priests," "the elders," "the governor," *'the Jews"? Read through § 144. Personal Thought: "Hesaw, and believed." And now do I, in turn, fully accept John's testimony, and rise to the same strong, life-giving con- viction and belie'i^ 213 Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 29: THE RESURRECTION, APPEARANCES AND ASCENSION OF JESUS Third Day: § 145. The Walk to Emmaus 1. We have learned of the significant events which happened "very early on the first day of the week/* But "that very day' ' had other revelations. As John alone has preserved to us the full account of the appearance to Mary, so Luke alone has transmitted to us the details of an appearance later in the day. Read § 145, Lu. vv. 13-16. The site of Em- maus has not been positively determined, but refer to the map for suggested sites. One of the "two of them'* was Cleo- pas (v. 18); it has been suggested that the other was Luke himself. Why did they not recognize Jesus (cf. § 145, Mk, vv. 12, 1 3- "in another form")? 2. Jesus opens the conversation. Read Lu. vv. ij-iga. "An inhabitant of the city would not have failed to know these things; and, in their view, to know them was to be engrossed with them." Study their interesting historical sketch, as in Lu. vv. i9b-24. "But we hoped'* (v. 21) : ior the form of the redemption they expected, read Acts 1:6. "Saying . , . whichsaid": "hearing of a hearsay. This form shows how little faith they put in all those reports" (cf. § 143, Lu. v. 11), 3. Study the teaching of Jesus, as in Lu. vv. 25-27. "Jesus had before Him a grand field, from the protevangelium (Gen. 3:15) to Mai. 4:2. In studying the Scriptures for Himself, He had found Himself in them everywhere (§ 44, vv. 39, 40). He had now only to let this light which filled His heart ray forth from him.'* 4. Read Lu. vv. 28-32. Jesus would really have gone further, of course, but for the constraint which they exercised over him. It was not a mere feint on His part. "He vanished" : "His body was already in course of glorification, and obeyed more freely than before the will of the spirit.** 5. Read Lu. vv. 33-35. "Hath appeared to Simon'* : perhaps at the time when Peter returned home, § 143, Lu. v. 12b (cf. I Cor. 15:5). Personal thought: "Was not our heart burning within us, while he spake to us in the way, while he opened to us the scriptures.'* Do I seek, through prayer, the presence of Him whom the Father has given in the stead of Jesus on each occasion of my study of the Scriptures? 2U Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 29: THE RESURRECTION, APPEARANCES AND ASCENSION OF JESUS FOURTH Day: § 146. The Appearance to the Disciples in Jeru- salem, Thomas being absent § 147. The Appearance to Thomas with the OTHER Disciples 1. "They rose up that very hour, and returned to Jerusalem, . . . and they rehearsed the things that happened in the way. ' ' Read § 146: Lu. v. 36; Jo. v. 19. Compare the nature of this appearance with His disappearance, § 145, Lu. v. 31. 2. Study the effect upon the disciples as in Lu. vv. 37,38. The impression made upon them naturally arose from the sudden and supernatural appearance of Jesus. He would help them to definite belief, for read Lu. vv. 39,40; Jo. 20a. Jesus now gives them another proof, for read Jo. 20b; Lu. vv. 41-43. "The body of Jesus was in a transition state. *I am not yet ascended . . . but I ascend*, § 143, Jo. v. 17. On the one hand, He still had His terrestrial body. On the other, this body was already raised to a higher condition." Read the paragraph from Mark. 3. Study the commission of Jesus to His disciples as in Jo. vv. 21-23. ''Receive ye the Holy Ghost": "Raised Himself to a stage of higher Ufe, Jesus raises them, as far as He can do so, to His new position. He associates them in His state as raised from the dead, just as later, through Pentecost, He will make them participate in His state as one glorified.** 4. ' *The impression produced on Thomas by the death of his mas- ter must have been that of the most profound discouragement: 'I told Him so* (cf § 105, v. 16); this is what he, no doubt, repeated to himself*' Read Jo. vv. 24, 25. Just as before, he sets the extreme case before himself and will face that.'* 5. Thoughtfully read through § 147. "The discipline of self- questioning, followed by the revelation of tender compassion and divine knowledge, enabled Thomas to rise to the loftiest view of Jesus given in the Gospels. His sublime, instantaneous confession, won from doubt, closes historically the progress of faith in the disciples.** personal THOUGHT: "My Lord and my God.'* Is this far-reaching confession from Thomas a true expression of what Jesus of Nazareth has become for me (i) in belief, and (2) in vital reality? 215 Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 29: THE RESURRECTION, APPEARANCES AND ASCENSION OF JESUS Fifth Day: § 148. The Appearance to Seven Disciples by THE Sea of Galilee 1. Study the promise of Jesus in § 134: Mt. v. 32; Mk. v. 28. The disciples were reminded of it (§ 143: Mt. v. 7; Mk.v.7). They, however, remained some days in Jerusalem (§ 147, v. 26). Now we find them again by the familiar shores of "the sea of Tiberias,'* for read § 148, vv. 1-3. 2. Read vv. 4-8. "Two hundred cubits": about 100 yards. "How characteristic of the two apostles are the features which appear in these two simple incidents! John contemplates and divines; Peter acts and springs forward." The narrative * *tends to characterize the two principal apostles by their differ- ent gifts, as they afterwards showed themselves throughout their whole career : Peter, the man of missionary activity; John, of contemplative knowledge.'* 3. Read vv. 9-14. "Jesus takes the part of host He was standing at a little distance, but now He comes forward. A feeling of respectful fear prevents the disciples from approach- ing Him. It is no longer the familiar relation of former days." 4. Thoughtfully read vv. 15-17 "More then these*': that is, more than these, thy fellow-disciples, love me (cf § 134: Mt. V. 33; Mk. V. 29), Jesus would refer him to his claim of supreme devotion. "His present profession differs in two im- portant points from the question proposed. ( i ) He does not assume any superiority over others: (2) he lays claim only to the feeling of natural love of which he could be sure (cf foot- notes ^•^)." When Jesus puts the question the third time He adopts the word for "love" which Peter had used. It is as if He would test even the truth of the feehng which Peter claimed. The three questions could not but recall the three denials. Read vv. 18, 19a. Peter was crucified at Rome. 5. Read vv. i9b-24. "Peter is the minister of action whose ser- vice is consummated by the martyrdom of death: John is the minister of thought and teaching whose service is perfected in the martyrdom of life. ' * PERSONAL THOUGHT: "Simon, son of John, lovest thou me?" If my name were put in the place of that of the apostle, and the question were asked me by Jesus, what would be my answer? 216 Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 29: THE RESURRECTION, APPEARANCES AND ASCENSION OF JESUS Sixth Day: § 149. The Appearance to the Eleven on a Moun- tain IN Galilee § 150. CHRIST'S FINAL Appearance, AND His Ascension 1. **But after I am raised up, I will go before you into Galilee*' (§ 134, Mt. V. 32). '*And go quickly, and tell his disciples, He is risen from the dead; and lo, he goeth before you into Galilee; there shall ye see him:" (§ 143, Mt. v. 7). It would seem that a definite place of meeting had been appointed, for read § 149, Mt. v. 16. Study Mt. v. 17. 2. Thoughtfully study the words of Jesus, as in Mt. vv. 18-20. '*When Jesus gave this commission He announced in the simplest and least ostentatious way the most original, the broadest, the sublimest enterprise that ever human beings have been called upon to accomplish." 3. Read through the paragraph from Mark given in § 149. References :-( I ) Devils: Acts 8:7; 16:18; 19:15, 16. (2) Tongues: Acts 2:4-11; 10:46; 19:6. (3) Serpents: Acts 28:3-5. (4) The sick: Acts 3:7; 28:8. 4. Luke has recorded what may be regarded as * 'the substance of the different instructions given by Jesus between His resurrection and ascension. ' ' Thoughtfully study the words as in § 150, Lu. vv. 44-49. 5. Study the record of the ascension of Jesus in Lu. vv. 50-53. '*With great joy" : "The joy of the disciples caused by this elevation of their Master, which is the pledge of the victory of His cause, fulfilled the word of Jesus, § 134, Jo. 14:28." "Blessing God" : "The disciples do here what was done at the beginning by the shepherds (§ 10, v. 20). But what a way traversed, what a series of glorious benefits between those two acts of homage!" 6. Read the paragraph from Mark in § 150. "The ascension perfects in the person of the Son of man God's design in regard to humanity. To make of sanctified believers a family of children of God, perfectly like that only Son who is the prototype of the whole race-such is God's plan," Personal thought; "Go ye therefore, and make disciples of all the nations." Have I learned and obeyed the will of Jesus with rjsference to my relation to this last command from Him ? 217 Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 29: THE RESURRECTION, APPEARANCES AND ASCENSION OF JESUS SEVENTH DAY: §§ 143-150. Review § 151. The Conclusion of John's Gospel 1. How many appearances of Jesus after His resurrection are recorded in the Gospels? To whom was each appearance made? What is the apparent order of the appearances? 2. Make a study of all the statements which are given concern- ing the effects of Jesus' appearances upon His disciples. Con- sider, in this relation, the statement of Jerome : ' *Their doubt- ing increases our faith. ' * 3. Paul has statements concerning some of the appearances of Jesus. Read I Cor. 15:3-8. With what appearances recorded in the Gospels do certain of those mentioned by Paul corre- spond? But it is evident that the Gospels do not record all of Jesus' appearances. This may well be, as He was ' 'appear- ing unto them by the space of forty days*' (Acts i :3). 4. Study the more complete statement of Luke concerning the appearances and ascension, as given by him in Acts i:t-ii. 5. Thoughtfully study and consider the argument of Paul, based upon the resurrection of Jesus, stated for the Corinthians in I Cor. 15:12-20. 6. Thoughtfully read and dwell upon the conclusion of John's gospel as given in § 151. "To receive Jesus as the Son of God is to open one's heart to the fulness of the divine life with which He Himself is filled; human existence is thus filled with blessedness and strength in communion with God." PERSONAL THOUGHT: "These are written, that ye may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God; and that believing ye may have life in His name." Have I the evidence that my belief in Jesus as Christ and Son of God is of that absolute and vital kind meant by John through my present possession of a life which is beyond my natural life? 218 Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 30: REVIEW First to Seventh Day: §§ 119-151. Review of Studies 23-29 1. Having considered Studies 23-29 in some detail, we may now profitably go over those Studies for the purpose of tracing the history in a more general way than was done even in the class hours of study. 2. The work for the week is divided as follows :- First Day: Review of Study 23 Second Day: Review of Study 24 Third Day: Review of Study 25 Fourth Day: Review of Study 26 Fffth Day: Review of Study 27 Sixth Day: Review of Study 28 Seventh Day: Review of Study 29 3. It is suggested that the study of each day be done in this order and with these aims: (i) Commit to memory the exact title of each Section in the Study for the day, so that they may be quickly named, in their order, at any time. (2) Make such a reading of each Section as may be necessary in order to be able to go mentally through the Sec- tion from first to last giving the substance of its contents. (3) Write out in the note-book, from memory, the fol- lowing: (a) The exact title of the Study, (b) the exact titles of the Sections within the Study, (c) the briefest possible summary of the contents of each Section. State the last in one sentence where it can be so condensed. 4. It may seem that this suggested method of review is mechan- ical and uninspiring. It is certainly a week's work which is primarily mental. It will be found, however, to amply repay for the effort. We seek a mastery of the Life of Christ. 5. In each Study aim constantiy to trace and fix in mind: (i) 219 Studies in the Life of Christ STUDY 30: REVIEW First TO Seventh Day: §§119-151. Review of Studies 23-29 the connection of events, (2) the growth or progress of the history. This will aid the effort to memorize the subjects, and will likewise give a more intelligent conception of the Life as a whole. 6. This work on the part of each student will form the basis for a class hour of review which should be of exceptional interest and profit, and will complete that larger view of the different periods of the history which has been sought through the Reviews. PERSONAL THOUGHTS: In a week of work so predominantly mental, there will be special need to hold steadily before the mind the ultimate aim of the study-the upbuilding of Character. Each day give time for final meditation upon the truth in the "Personal Thoughts" of the Study under consideration. Never pass over any question which comes to the life without answering it. Were it not better, if necessary, to spend the week conforming the life to the messages which the Gospels bring for 7ne^ than upon any study of any kind, Biblical or collegiate? 220