MV5EVM0FTHEAMER.1CAN INDIAN 
 
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 Huntington Free Library 
 
 Native American 
 Collection 
 
 
 CORNELL UNIVERSITY 
 LIBRARY 
 
3 1924 104 076 884 
 
<\ 
 
 
 Cornell University 
 Library 
 
 The original of this book is in 
 the Cornell University Library. 
 
 There are no known copyright restrictions in 
 the United States on the use of the text. 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924104076884 
 
JOHN ELIOT AND THE INDIANS 
 1652-1657 
 

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 JOHIJ ELIOT 
 
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 HDIAN APOSTLL 
 
JOHN ELIOT 
 
 AND THE INDIANS 
 
 1652-1657 
 
 Being Letters Addressed to 
 Rev. Jonathan Hanmer of Barnstaple, England 
 
 Reproduced from the Original Manuscripts 
 in the possession of Theodore N. Vail 
 Edited by Wilberforce Eames 
 
 NEW YORK MCMXV 
 
ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY COPIES PRINTED 
 
 COPYRIGHT 1916 BY GEORGE D. SMITH 
 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 
 
 THE ADAMS & GRACE PRESS, NEW YORK 
 
Facsimile Title of Eliot's Translation of 
 The New Testament 1661 
 

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PROLOGUE 
 
 The letters of John Eliot here printed belong to the period when he 
 was most actively engaged in his work among the Massachusetts In- 
 dians. They were addressed to the Rev. Jonathan Hanmer, * minister 
 of the church at Barnstaple in Devonshire, whose interest in Mr. 
 Eliot's labors had been enlisted by mutual friends. 
 
 John Eliot had come to New England in November, 1631 ; was or- 
 dained teacher of the church at Roxbury in 1632; and had taken up 
 the study of the Indian language in 1643. In 1646 he began to preach 
 to the Indians in their own tongue, at Nonantum; and in 1650 he 
 selected a site and laid out the plan for an Indian town at Natick. 
 Accounts of the progress of this work were published at London in 1643, 
 1647, 1648 and 1649, in four of the so-called "Eliot Tracts;" and the in- 
 terest aroused thereby resulted in the creation by Act of Parliament, 
 
 *Mr. Hanmer was born in 1606 and died in 1687. He was minister in the church at Barnstaple 
 from 1646 to 1662, and was the author of several books. See Dictionary of National Biography, Tol. 
 xziv, pp. 295-297, and authorities there quoted. 
 
July 27, 1649, of the Corporation for the Propagation of the Gospel 
 among the Indians in New England. 
 
 The efforts of the new Corporation were at once directed to the 
 raising of funds for the purchase of tools and other necessaries required 
 in the building of the new town. It was at this stage of affairs that 
 Mr. Hanmer wrote to Mr. Eliot, on March 12th, 1652, announcing that 
 an unnamed gentleman (Mr. Speacot) had made a liberal gift of £50, 
 which would be laid out in such commodities as were most desired. 
 Mr. Eliot replied in two letters, dated July 19 and October 7, 1652, as 
 follows: 
 
Facsimile of Letter of July 19, 1652 
 

 
 
 
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THE LETTERS 
 
 [Roxbury, July 19, 1652] 
 
 Reverend and deare Sir 
 
 I have received your letters dated March 12, 1651,* wherin the 
 Lord hath made you an unexpected instrument, and messenger of 
 incouragment, and supply unto this work of the Lord among these 
 poore Indians, and that, it may be when expected helps may be more 
 slow; that so the Lord might please to shew himself e the onely guide, 
 and provider for his people in all theire wayes. I desire to acknowledg 
 the Lord herein, who hath never failed me in this work of his. It is 
 meete that I should informe you of the state of this work, that your 
 prayres may be, with the more particular faith and fervor, be breathed 
 forth at the throne of grace, in the behalfe of this work, and those 
 which labour therin. I cannot be so particular as I would, by reason 
 of streights of time, the ship being quickly to saile after I have received 
 your letters. If the Lord give you oportunity of goeing to Excester, or 
 of intercourse with reverend Mr. Nicols, by him you may heare some- 
 
 *As the legal year began at that time on March 25, it would be reckoned as 1651 up to March 
 24, but would be called 1652 according to our present reckoning. 
 
what more then I can now wright unto your selfe. The reverend min- 
 isters, and christian people there, having bene these two years contrib- 
 uitors towards this work, and by whose supply, a great part of the 
 work for the civile part in charges and expences, hath bene caryed on. 
 After several years preching to them, the Lord opened theire hearts to 
 desire baptisme to scale up pardon of theire sinne, and to desire church 
 estate, and ministry, whereby to injoy all Gods ordinances, and to 
 injoy cohabitation, and civile government, as subservient unto, and 
 greatly conducing unto these spiritual wayes, and mercys. In this 
 order they have bene taught, they must have visible civility, before 
 they can rightly injoy visible sanctitie in ecclesiastical communion. 
 Henc we looked out a place fitt for to begin a towne, where a competent 
 number of people might have subsistenc together. In the yeare 1650 
 we began that work through rich grace. In the yeare 1651 in a day of 
 fasting and prayre, they entered into a covenant with God, and each 
 other, to be ruled by the Lord in all theire affaires civilie, makeing the 
 Word of God theire only magna charta, for government, laws, and all 
 conversation. And chose rulers of tennes, fifties, and of an hundred. 
 The platforme of which holy government of Gods owne institution, I 
 have sent over this yeare unto Mr. Nicols with the reverend elders in 
 Exon. And if the Lord give you opertunity, I should gladly wish your 
 selfe might also have a sight of it, that I might receive your animadver- 
 sions on it. But in my poore thoughts, I apprehend it would be a 
 mercy to England, if they should in this terme of lines, take up that 
 forme of government, which is a divine institution, and by which 
 
 7 
 
Christ should reigne over them, by the word of his mouth. But I 
 forget myselfe, I am speaking of the Indians, whom I desire to traine 
 up, to be the Lords people only, ruled by his Word in all things. And 
 the Lord hath blessed them in this theire government, and guided 
 them in judgment. This present yeare the Lord seemeth to ripen and 
 prepare them for holy church covenant whereby they give up them- 
 selves to be governed by the Lord ecclesiastically, in all his ordinances, 
 and church administrations. But I shall walk by good advise before I 
 doe this. They are now building themselves a meeting house, which 
 when it is made, it may please the Lord to call them forth to be built 
 a spirituall house unto the Lord. 
 
 Touching what you say of my wrighting for a supply of books for 
 my brother Mahu, it is true I did so. But soone after the Lord was 
 pleased to offer a comfortable supply both to him, and me also. For 
 I bought two librarys of two ministers who left us, and they are both 
 paide for, by the corporation in London, and my brother Mahu hath 
 bene possessed of his a good while. Besides, the reverend elders, 
 ministers of Exon have sent unto us new supply, and this yeare they 
 sent unto us the second edition of the new annotations upon the whole 
 bible, so that through the riches of Gods bounty he is now supplyed, 
 but what particular books he may further want, I cannot tell. Sir 
 you make mention of a liberal gift of a religious gentleman, whose 
 name I hope I shaU hereafter know, that I may expresse my thankf uU- 
 nesse in a few lines unto him. And wheras you require to know in 
 what commodity, it may be most suitably laid out, I answer in two 
 
 8 
 
commoditys chiefly. First in strong linnen cloth, canvas and other 
 good hempen cloth, and lockroms, because in the hot summers, the 
 Indians delight to goe in linnen, and work, if in any garment, only a 
 linnen garment, if they can get it. Secondly in red, blew, or white 
 cottons, course and thik, some call it trading cloth, which is the 
 coursest, and some better. Only these two soorts of commoditys are 
 best for the present. The way of sending, may be by ships from Bar- 
 stable, who have often recourse hither, or by some Bristol ships, who 
 also trade hither. If by London, then there is a faithfuU freind of 
 mine Mr. Bulcher who will conveigh any such things to me. But it 
 may be the goods had better be taken up in your country, then to be 
 bought in London. Sir I doe also request this, that if any ships come 
 from Barstable, you would please to appoynt some or other discreete 
 and Godly man, able to judg wisely, and discerne, to set apart so much 
 time, as to see with his eyes, and heare with his owne eares, how the 
 matters are here caryed, and what is done among the Indians. And 
 should he have a good allowanc for his paines, it would tend much to 
 the furtheranc of our work, and comfort of your hearts. And may you 
 please to communicate this my motion to reverend Mr. Nicols and 
 consider what were wisdome to be done in that case. Nay if some of 
 the churches should send forth a minister, and other f aithfull breth- 
 ren, on purpose to visit and comfort and incourage such a work, I see 
 not but it were a worthy work and well becomeing the spirit of the 
 gospel. But I can now goe no further. I doe humbly blesse the Lord 
 for the prayres that are made in all the churches, in the behalfe of 
 
Endorsement of Letter of July 19, 1652 
 
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this work, and us that labour in it. I beg for the eontinuanc thereoff, 
 and so commending you and all your holy labours unto the Lord, and 
 to the blessing of his grace I rest. 
 
 Your unworthy fellow labourer 
 
 in the gospell of Christ, 
 
 Roxbury this 19th of the 5th, 1652. John Eliot. 
 
 [Addressed :] To his reverend and much 
 
 respected brother 
 
 Mr. Hanmer minister 
 
 of the gospell at 
 
 Barnstable in 
 
 Devonshire, 
 
 these. 
 
 I pray leave these letters with Mr. John 
 
 Clarke merchant at Mr. 
 
 Duns house in Blackwell hall 
 
 to be sent safely as is 
 
 above written. 
 
 10 
 
Facsimile of Letter of October 7, 1652 
 

 
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[Roxbury, October 7, 1652.] 
 
 Reverend and much respected in Christ. 
 
 I received letters from you full of love, both in acknowledgment 
 and incouragement in this work of the Lord among the Indians, to 
 which letters I have by the former ship returned answer according as 
 you desired. But least these letters should faile and miscary coming 
 so far, and through so many hands before they can come at you ther- 
 fore I thought it necessary to write by this ship also, as I shall by the 
 next likewise if the Lord give opertunity. Your loving expression 
 about bookes I thus answered, that through the goodnesse of God, 
 wants are well supplyed by the purchase of two librarys, one for my 
 brother Mahu, the other for my selfe. As also Reverend Mr. Nicols 
 of Excester, with the rest of the reverend ministers there, and christian 
 people, have made a good supply unto us both in bookes, blessed be 
 the Lord, and blessed be they. For the fittest disposal of that fifty 
 pounds you mention, because our Indians are now come in cohabita- 
 tion and labour, they much delight in linnen, to work in, in the sum- 
 mer especially. If therfore it be laide out in good canvas and other 
 good strong linnen for shirts, and some for some better uses, about 
 head cloathes etc. it will best accommodate us for the present, unlesse 
 some be laide out in thik warme white blanket cloth, which I think is 
 plentyfuUy made in your country. Such things will best suit us. 
 
For the way of sending it, I desire it may be by your westeme shiping, 
 and if none be bound for the Bay of Massachusets, yet if any be bound 
 for the He of Shoals the great fishing place of New England, it may be 
 safely conveighed unto me. For the minister who preacheth there is 
 named Mr. Brock, a godly man, unto whom the care being commited, 
 I doubt not but he will carefully send them unto me. Or if they be 
 bound to any other port with us, letters and goods sent unto me, who 
 am of Roxbury, will easyly be notified, and conveighed, if any body of 
 trust have the care theroff comited to them. The present state of 
 our busynesse, is through the grace of Christ, come up to this, that 
 upon the 13th day of this month (if God will) we have a day of fasting 
 and prayre, wherin we shall call forth sundry Indians to make con- 
 fession of Jesus Christ his truth and grace. Whose confessions, if 
 they, to charity, appeare to be such as were not revealed to them by 
 flesh and blood, but by the father, then we shall proceed to build them 
 into a visible constituted church, for the Injoyment of Christ and all 
 his holy ordinances. Now this busynesse is pressing on and filleth 
 me so with ocasions, as that I cannot attend much to writing. Sir I 
 earnest beg your prayres, and the prayres of all the people of the Lord, 
 and so commending you, and all your holy labours unto the Lords 
 blessing and mercy, I rest. 
 
 Your affectionate brother and 
 
 fellow labourer in 
 
 the Lords vinyard 
 
 Roxbury this 7th of the 8th month, 1652. John Eliot. 
 
 12 
 
[Postscript :] 
 Sir 
 
 In my former letters I was bold to move, that if the christian people 
 who are contribuitors to this good work of the Lord would please to 
 send over some Godly messenger who may see with his eyes what is 
 done, and what fruite appeareth of that love of theires which they 
 have bestowed, it may much tend to theire satisfaction, and incourage- 
 ment in so great and good a work as this is. 
 
 13 
 
Facsimile Title of Eliot's Translation of 
 the Whole Bible 1663 
 
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From these letters we learn that a part of the funds for carrying 
 on the Indian work during 1650 and 1651 had been contributed by 
 friends in Exeter, chief among whom was the Rev. Ferdinando NicoUs 
 (b. 1598, d. 1662), who was rector of St. Mary Arches there since 1634. 
 To him Mr. Hanmer is several times referred for fuller information. 
 Mr. Eliot then proceeds to tell how, after several years preaching to 
 the Indians, they had selected a place to begin the town of Natick, in 
 1650, and had organized a plan for self government in 1651. For further 
 particulars concerning this plan, or platform, he refers Mr. Hanmer to 
 the accounts sent over to Mr. NicoUs to be published in the tract called 
 Strength out of Weaknesse, London, 1652. 
 
 Mr. Eliot then mentions that he had written to Mr. Hanmer, some 
 time before, about a supply of books for Rev. Thomas Mayhew, who 
 ministered to the Indians on the island of Martha's Vineyard; and 
 that in the meantime the want had been supplied by the purchase of 
 the libraries of two ministers who had gone away. These were the 
 libraries of Rev. Thomas Jenner, formerly of Weymouth, and Rev. 
 Thomas Weld, formerly of Roxbury; the former of which was bought 
 (in part) for Mr. Mayhew at £30, and the latter for Mr. Eliot at £34. 
 He also mentions having received from England, among other books 
 sent over to him by his friends at Exeter, the second edition of the 
 
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New Annotations upon the Whole Bible. The full title of the work is 
 as follows: 
 
 ANNOTATIONS || upon all the || BOOKS || of the || Old and 
 New Testament : || This Second Edition so enlarged, |I As they 
 make an entire Commentary on the sacred Scripture: || 
 The like never before published in English. || Wherein || 
 The Text is Explained, Doubts Resolved, Scriptures Par- 
 allelled, II and Various Readings observed. || By the Labour 
 of certain Learned Divines thereunto || appointed, and 
 therein employed, As is expressed in the || PREFACE. || 
 ... II LONDON, II Printed by John Legatt, 165L || 
 Two volumes, folio. 
 
 The first edition appeared in 1645, and the third edition in 1657. 
 Copies of all three are in the New York Public Library. 
 
 The most interesting information derived from these letters, 
 however, is that concerning the outlay to be made of the £50 given 
 by Mr. Speacot. It was to be expended entirely in linen and canvas 
 goods, to be used for wearing apparel by the Indians. In the directions 
 for sending, Mr. Eliot names his London friend Mr. Bulcher, and also 
 
 15 
 
Facsimile Title of Eliot's Translation of 
 Bayly's Practice of Piety 1665 
 
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the Rev. John Brock, minister on the Isles of Shoals, either of whom 
 he says would take care of any goods consigned to him. These in- 
 structions were faithfully carried out by Mr. Hanmer, and the goods 
 were purchased and forwarded to Mr. Eliot the next year, by the ship 
 May-Flower of Boston, Thomas Webber master. A copy of the in- 
 voice follows. 
 
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 Invoyce of Goods sente on the May f flower of Boston 
 (Master Tho: Webber) for Boston in New England, 
 consigned unto Mr. John Eliott Pastor of the Church 
 at Roxbury per Mr. Jonathan Hanmer, the Cost 
 and Chardges, viz: 
 
 Item 1 Ballott of Canvas no : 3 qt : 180 Awnes Cost 
 
 Item 1 Ballott of Canvas no : 6 qt : 210 awnes cost 
 
 Item 100 yards of Course dowlis at lOd : 5^ per yd : is 
 
 Item Chardges paide on those goods at Bristoll is 
 
 Item 2 ps : of Truckeinge Cloth qt : 45 yds : ps : white cost 
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Item pd : for Carryadge of the Canvas from Bristol! .... 
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 Item pd : for Custome of 50 ells of Canvas entred short . 
 Item pd:for portidge, Cartidge, Craneidge, boatidge, 
 
 and warfidge, and warehouse roome for the Canvas . . 
 Item pd: for warehouse roome, warfidge, portidge, 
 
 Craneidge, and boatidge for the 2 ps : truck : cloth . . . 
 
 Item pd : for ffraight, primadge and Averidge 
 
 Item pd : Severall petty chardges on these goods 
 
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With regard to the ship May-Flower, on which the goods were 
 shipped, all that is known of her history is related in Dr. Azel Ames's 
 May-Flower and her Log, second edition, Boston, 1907, pp. 94-98. About 
 twenty vessels of that name are there recorded, between the years 
 1587 and 1657. The genuine May-Flower, it appears, was of only 180 
 tons burden, and the last known of her with certainty, was her arrival 
 in the harbor of Charlestown, New England, on July 1, 1630. On 
 October 6, 1652, "Thomas Webber, Mr. of the good shipp called the 
 MAYFLOWER of the burden of Two hundred Tuns or there abouts 
 . . . Rideing at Ancor in the Harber of Boston," sold one-sixteenth 
 of the ship "for good^ valluable Consideracons to Mr. John Pinchon 
 of Springfield Mrchant." The next day, October 7, 1652, the same 
 "Thomas Webber, Mr. of the good Shipp called the MAYFLOWER of 
 Boston in New England now bound for the barbadoes and thence to 
 London," acknowledges an indebtedness to Theodore Atkinson, a 
 wealthy "hatter, felt-maker," and merchant of Boston, and the same 
 day (October 7, 1652), the said "Thomas Webber, Mar. of the good 
 shipp called the MAYFLOWER of the burthen of Two hundred tuns 
 or thereabouts," sold "unto Theodore Atkinson felt-maker one-six- 
 teenth part as well of said Shipp as of all 8f singular her masts Sails 
 Sail-yards Ancors Cables Ropes Cords Gunns Gunpowder Shott Artil- 
 
 19 
 
The Mayflower in Plymouth Harbor 
 
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lery Tackle Munition apparell boate skifife and furniture to the same 
 belonging." It is of course possible that this was the historic ship, 
 though, if so, reappearing twenty-two years after her last known voy- 
 age to New England. If the same, she was apparently under both 
 new master and owner. From the fact that she is called "of Boston 
 in New England" and was trading between that port, "the Barbadoes" 
 and London, it is not impossible that she may have been built at 
 Boston — a sort of namesake descendant of the historic ship — and was 
 that MAY-FLOWER mentioned as belonging, in 1657, to Mr. Samuel 
 Vassall, as he had large interests alike in Boston, Barbadoes, and 
 London. 
 
 The shipment of linen and canvas goods reached Mr. Eliot towards 
 the end of the year 1663, and their receipt was acknowledged in the 
 letter next following. 
 
Facsimile of Letter of August 29, 1654 
 
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 >»4,«/»— *■ 
 
 ^.o. 
 
 .^;Mr: 
 
 
 
 \lf^^ 
 
 
 ,^' ^\^ ^ ^^^ ^ ^^^7 
 
 
 ^. 
 
 r^ . :i kS^^a 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 •J- ^- 
 
 
 
 '^/f.^t 
 
 ^^l^r J -r-«t/r'»^ 
 
 
 #/ 
 
 / 
 
 
 -KhF'/-^- 
 
 
 
 •a-t-'^e-i^^ 
 
 
 ii>tuH^ 
 
[Roxbury, August 29, 1654.] 
 
 Reverend and much respected in the Lord. 
 
 That liberal gift of that Christian gentleman Mr. Speacot and 
 his religious familie, with your owne exceeding great love, care, paines 
 and travaile about the same, I did by the blessing of the Lord receive, 
 safe and in good condition, in the end of the yeare 1653, which the 
 Lord sent in, at such a season, as that it was a singular comfort unto 
 us, and furtheranc of the work, provision for winter clothing, and a 
 support to the work all this spring, untill such times as the Lord 
 affordeth us some more supplyes, and I doe send not only my thanks 
 for all this love, but also an accompt of the improvement theroff unto 
 the ends you appoynted the same, and I have sent here inclosed one 
 accompt to your selfe, and the same I have sent to Mr. Specot him- 
 selfe inclosed in his letters, which I request you to deliver to him. It 
 pleaseth God still to owne and blesse the work, they come forward in 
 civility, there is in them a great measure of natural ingenuity, and 
 ingeniosity, only it is drowned in theire wild, and rude manner of 
 liveing, but by culture, order, government, and religion they begin to 
 be furbushed up, and drawen forth unto some good imployments, 
 and by Gods blessing I hope they will be in these civile respects raised 
 to forme good improvements. Religion is on the gaineing hand (I 
 
blesse the Lord) though in church estate, and affaires of ecclesiastical 
 polity, they come on but slowly, but in those matters they doe as they 
 are acted, and guided by counsel, and not according to theire owne 
 motions. I hope you have scene theire confessions, which they made 
 in the yeare 1652, and the reasons of our proceeding no further 
 at that time. In the yeare 1653, I did not move at all that way, for 
 some special reasons, only some preparations against this present 
 yeare. This yeare 1654, we have had another meeting about it, viz: 
 for the examination of the Indians in poynt of knowledg in the doc- 
 trinal part of religion. They were examined principally by the Elders 
 of all the churches about us, as also by any other christian man, who 
 thought good to propound any question to them, as some did, for it 
 was an open and free conf erenc, that so there might be the fuller sat- 
 isfaction given to all that desired the same. In conclusion wheroflf 
 the Elders did give testimony of theire good satisfaction in what they 
 had received from them. But a more particular relation of this dayes 
 meeting, I have sent over to the Corporation to be published, together 
 with the present state we stand in, touching our further proceeding, 
 in gathering them into a church estate and covenant, unto which I 
 must make bold to refer you for fuller information. Also the last 
 yeare I sent over the Indians thanks unto the Christian people of 
 England for theire love, also a relation of such judgments as the rulers 
 have executed upon sinners, which I hope are published, wherin may 
 be scene theire care to leade a conversation according to the word of 
 God, and the light they have received. 
 
 22 
 
Endorsement of Letter of August 29, 1654 
 
sit- 
 
 ^ 
 
 f 
 
 
 •a-'JtS: 
 
 .- ft. 
 
 
 it 
 
 
 j;*:::y y :^' tjB!^. - .aaw^ . , 
 
 KXaa t saWi W^gg" 'i^ ^ 
 
 / 
 
 ^\,^ 
 
 . vr^ 
 
 -,? 
 
 in 
 
 ^«»««,,Jfe^yS««iS(jjs2Bs,^^g^i,i^ 
 
 ^^^^jjw*;:* 
 
 J 
 
Sir my lines are filled with ocasion, and cannot inlarg further. I 
 intreat the continuanc of your prayres unto the Lord for us all and for 
 me, and so commending you and all your holy labours unto the Lord, 
 I rest. 
 
 Your loveing brother and 
 
 fellow labourer in the 
 
 Lords vinyard 
 
 Roxbury this 29th of the 6th, 1654. John Eliot. 
 
 [Addressed:] To his reverend brother 
 
 Mr. Hanmer minister 
 
 of Gods word at 
 
 Barstable in 
 
 Devonshire 
 
 these. 
 
 33 
 
Facsimile Title of 
 Eliot's Indian Grammar 1666 
 
THE 
 
 INDIA 
 
 Grammar 
 
 BEGUN*. OR, 
 
 An Effay to bring thelndian Language ^ 
 
 INTO f * 
 
 m 
 
 INTO 
 
 RULES, 
 
 For the Help of fuch as defire to Learn the fame, for j 
 the furtherance of the Gofpcl among them. i 
 
 BY fOHN ELIOT, 
 
 iia.35.1^. TfiM ^ilt not fee a fierce petfle, a people ef i>, Jft^e/ Ipecch th:* \ 
 
 tm:umtt perceive, of a ftxmmringtongiii, that tbo'i CMftHt.iinietjttti^- 
 iu^i.ii. it ihaUcome that 1 will gather all Wnthns and Tnni^ues, and 'My' 
 
 (haH come av.ii fee my Glery. , ' . 
 
 l!-n. 7,14. Md there WM given him Bominio'i, aid Glory, and a l<ii*i^dimt-, > 
 
 _ thit aliVeo^lei mtionsand txnixii^es fboiU fsrve l.dm, eSff. i 
 
 i. Pf.it. 19.5. Then iino [pstch nor UngMge where their voice- ii /lethetrd. ; 
 
 Wa). ^.\i. Prom the H{iii^of tk Sm, evert to the going dowtof tht f*mc, my j 
 
 ,N-i»ie .^aU be grat amoxg the Gentiles, &c. ' \ 
 
 C 4M BRIDGE 
 Printed by MarMadtdie fohnfon. 
 
 1666. 
 
 *»" 
 
In this letter Mr. Eliot repeats his thanks to Mr. Speacot and Mr. 
 Hanmer for their gifts and encouragement, and continues his account 
 of progress in the Indian work at Natick, with special reference to the 
 Indian confessions of faith printed in the tract entitled Tears of Re- 
 pentance, London, 1653, and to the examination of the Indians by the 
 Elders at a meeting in 1654, a relation of which he says had been sent 
 over to the Corporation to be printed. This relation appeared in print 
 the next year, under the title of A Late and Further Manifestation of the 
 Progress of the Gospel amongst the Indians in New-England, London, 1655. 
 
 After an interval of three years Mr. Eliot wrote again, in 1657; the 
 delay being partly explained by his long illness in 1656. During this 
 period he had been closely occupied with his translation of the Bible 
 into the Indian language. In 1654, his Indian primer or catechism 
 was printed, and in 1655 the book of Genesis and the Gospel of Matthew 
 passed through the press. In the letter which follows he mentions 
 that 2Vlr. Blinman and Mr. Newman, together with his eldest son 
 John Eliot, had been appointed to help him in the Indian work. 
 
 24 
 
Facsimile of Letter of May 5, 1657 
 

 
 "^^ ^'''"'^- •"*'♦" -^J""^--' ---*- -4 ,.„. /oV.-^f,3 
 
 tvT!t5 *^y^' 
 
 
 , /"^ ,/" ^ '^^ ^*^ 7»— ->/ .i:? ^ i:^' ^iU^ 
 
 a**»»,; 
 
 ^4. UA k:-^^>A- . A- ^ - A-f Jt^%^-f' 'C/.Z>^ A/,V.,^$> /^"M 
 
 
 -?^ 
 
 
[Roxbury, May 5, 1657.] 
 
 Worshipfull and much respected in Christ Jesus. 
 
 The last yeare when I should have written to your Worship, the 
 Lord was pleased to lay his hand upon me, with a soare afflicting 
 paine, in so much as I was not able to doe what I desired, in writing to 
 your selfe. But now it has pleased God to release me of the rigor of 
 my paine (I blesse his name) but a remnant of it he hath left in me to 
 keepe me in remembranc, to awaken prayre, faith and zeale for God, 
 and to keepe humble, and in the awfuU feare of my heavenly father. 
 Sir it was the Lord that put it into your heart, to open your hand with 
 so much bounty unto the Lords work in my hand, amongst these poore 
 Indians. I thank the Lord for it, and I retume my thanks unto your 
 selfe, and I doubt not but it would ad unto your comfort to heare tid- 
 ings of theire good progresse in Christ Jesus. My soule doth rejoyce 
 in this, that this yeare the Lord hath put forth more labourers unto 
 this harvest, which is a thing I have long laboured and prayed for. 
 Our Commissioners meeting at Boston, divers of the Elders joyned to 
 request that they would incourage some others to the work, and they 
 have so done, for the Elders propounded Mr. Blinman, and Mr. New- 
 man, whom they accepted. Yea and the Lord put it into the hearts 
 of the Elders to propound my eldest sonne who is a graduate in the 
 
 25 
 
CoUedg, and hath this yeare gone with me sometimes unto the work, 
 and I hope the Lord will inable him therunto. This turne of provi- 
 denc I take as a great favor, and smile of God upon the work, assuring 
 my self e that wherso ever God sendeth his laborours to cary the f anne 
 of the Gospel, there God hath some graine to gather into his garner, 
 some elect to call into his kingdom, and I blesse the Lord that some 
 are still coming in among us, and those that are come in, some of them 
 prosper, and prove sound. It pleaseth God to try them with great 
 sicknesse and mortality, besids other afflictions, and tryals, which I 
 have sometime feared would have dishartened them in the work. But 
 I blesse the Lord it is not so, but, by the Lords assistanc, they doe the 
 more judg themselves for theire sinnes, and draw neere to the Lord, 
 and cry for mercy, pardon, and grace in Christ. Sir we doe greatly 
 neede your prayres, both for them, and me, and all the rest that labour 
 in this work. And thus commending you unto the Lord, and to the 
 word of his grace, I rest. 
 
 Your worships to serve you 
 
 in Christ Jesus 
 
 Roxbury this 5th of the 3d, 1657. John Eliot. 
 
 I desire to present my service, and christian respect to all your 
 
 relations, and religious familie. 
 
 26 
 
Facsimile Titles of 
 
 Eliot's Indian Primer 1669 and 
 
 Logick Primer 1672 
 
m 
 in 
 
 ^i^^' 
 
 ^^i>At/^1w|^^*fe 
 
 THE 
 
 fni/ian Trimer-^ 
 
 ,|g! The way nf training up of our ^ 
 
 <^ knowledge of Goii, in the ^?^ 
 *^' knowledge of ihcSciip.une' r^> 
 j^ and in an ahility to Beade. ^« 
 
 Co»;f./"?<^^rJ.E.. sgO- 
 
 I 1 liiu. 3 
 
 vahtuntmanlT} «?** 
 
 nab iiahtiihfiumaclt """ 
 
 V H E ItJ.JLTtfv'' 
 
 i<g/V/^ T rimer, ^ 
 
 SoiTic tf"?/!-!'! Noti.-^r,? to ir.i'j-c -il*** 
 tl;c lyDlz/A^ ill. \he Inow. ^t>-| 
 
 i'-d to '.(I'Av lio.v to iTukt "y"',.! 
 
 I'il' rhircoi'. ^^!j 
 
 ■ Erpfcially fcr the I'lCiu-Krii of4*"i^ 
 
 K;ch dS 4iC Tta>.iic;s • -ss*-' 
 
 among liKu-.. 
 
 
 ■'. i-fr-ftHe Pw.i.'; J!.i';.i».>. *ig|, 
 
 The life of this lion Kty is c *^- j 
 
 'pcn (he rich Tseafuiy of ■** . ; 
 
 . thehely Sci!.j)ti.ri.f. ]^/" 
 
 if-, pic -f t»th y^'ung r;!4» fimv. ■€*,/■:, 
 
Facsimile Titles of 
 
 Dying Speeches (1685) and 
 
 Eliot's Indian Dialogues 1671 
 

 But a few of the 
 
 T)ying Speeches (^ Qounfeh 
 
 or fuch Inditnt si dyed in the Lord. 
 
 It h an hombliog to me that jbcKe he no 
 ilnorc,it was Rot in my hcatr to gather th'tn, 
 butMs/or 9<*<>4<^'* hearing fome of them ic- 
 hcarfcd, He fvft moved that Danitl (houid 
 gather them, iu the Language as they were 
 fpokea , and thai I ftioold tranflate tbeni 
 ioro Englifb; And hcte is prefcoted whAC 
 ^at done that way. 
 
 THtft things sre Punt^I, not To much fur PoB- 
 liOimenr, jj lo favec^irgt of writeiog ODiof 
 Copyes for thofc ib>i did delicic tbcm. 
 
 fohn Eliot, 
 
 it» 
 
 $ 
 
 
 
 I JVC © I y^ ^ I 
 
 Dialogues,! 
 
 'FOR -^-if^ 
 
 Their Inftruftion in that great Service ; 
 of Chrift, in trailing home their 
 Country- men to the 
 
 K^ovpledge of GOD^ 
 
 And of THEMSELVESj 
 A N D O F 
 
 lESUS CHRIST^ 
 
 Ma!. I. II. F6y> from the rlfmg of the SHtt,"^ 
 even unto the going down of the fame, mj ■sj 
 Name (hall he great among the G entiles, andX 
 in every place incenfe [hall be off erect unto mj '_ 
 Name, and a pure ofering: for mj Name.^l^ 
 ^Mbe gnat among the Heathen^ faith the "^ 
 
 lord of Hofls,' J.v/.,g/,^^ 
 
 Printed, at Cambridge. 
 
 
 ■^S- 
 ■^ 
 
 
The foregoing letters furnish a nearly continuous narrative of 
 the first period of Mr. Eliot's missionary labors among the Indians, 
 from the laying out of the new town at Natick in 1650, to the summer 
 of 1657. They are interesting examples of his epistolary style, and they 
 show his devotion to the great work he had undertaken. They also 
 supply several new facts of interest which seem not to have been pub- 
 lished before. 
 
 The subsequent progress of Mr. Eliot's work in translation and 
 printing for the Indians may be briefly outlined. In 1658, having 
 finished his translation of the Bible, he petitioned the Corporation in 
 England to have it printed. In the latter part of 1659 the printing of 
 the New Testament was begun, and in 1661 it was finished. The whole 
 Bible was completed at the press in 1663. In 1664, a translation into 
 Indian of Baxter's Call to the Unconverted was published, and in 1665 a 
 translation of Bayly's Practice of Piety. In 1666, Mr. Eliot printed his 
 Indian Grammar, and in 1669, the Indian Primer. In 1671, the Indian 
 Dialogues appeared, and in 1672, the Logick Primer. In 1680 a new edition 
 of the Indian Bible went to press, which was completed in 1685. A 
 second edition of Bayly's Practice of Piety also came out in 1685, and in 
 the same year or the year following, the little tract called The Dying 
 Speeches of several Indians. In 1688, the Indian version of Baxter's Call 
 
 27 
 
Facsimile Title of Eliot's Translation of 
 Baxter's Call to the Unconverted 1688 
 
ilPEANTOGIG I 
 
 p»**t.mwog. Oa& woh lamp *«{«»- ^ 
 
 , Ǥ nobcotnptao o^. , 
 
 <a • ■-'■■■ ■ ■ ■ — 
 
 -n-^ 
 
 * Mr, M.nHAKpnAKtBl 
 
 ^^ — — ; ' ' -'■ — • : — \ '" ■ • . ■ i» I 
 
 ^ WuSokfuindDvroPtaitiubar 0wrraork £ 
 3 God «t Gidll jcfas^uf, kih ' 
 
 l'2i- wncoehconti ji>rDl4IiiS0 df, '^| ,| j 
 
 -^ ' EeeV. s« t». , • 
 
 ^ :m/^<'^V «»a*iiK» V* luilth, mi # ^ jwt| 
 
 i 
 
 
Facsimile Title of Eliot's Translation of 
 Shepard's Sincere Convert 1689 
 
Sdmfvputtedhde 
 
 QjJINNUPI^EiCOMPAUAENlN.' 
 
 ^abaw&mook o^gotfemefitog SampWatteibSe 
 
 Wmnmftdmvpaemog, 
 
 li(«che wudiikfefiiaan at Bner)a»HloclIanoatcDWXonk mOipt 
 Ntf iauttas-«Hanegeoi« Wattiooeuaibb CftJUST 
 Neh tTaowcfic 
 
 tHOMAS SHEfPHMp 
 
 (JhjinnnpiNsotmun <n INDIAKI Unnantaomongmit MAP* 
 itt Q5tiUMta«»e wutiinniuiaob CHRIST 
 
 JOHN ELIOT 
 
 ICih nawbutdic ut li/raongiOi bgguAmere omdicteiiivr 
 
 Match. »4. 14. K^b' ye» affaiavtaoxiMe wmumt. 
 tbernvkitonli pi(h k'thk-^tamradth wane mttatljliit nim 
 mtcb avfamitniimneate wtme tvutobtlmintafh. 
 
 Romero. 14, If. K.tb tob rvoh viittth ruaamunttt 
 ^xm kubyiDUmmhteainuumtoi} l^ah tab tkiHi ben Mjih- 
 limttmiibl(t'A mttttn aiumittmuk- 
 
 Minh.ii.t^'.TDrvHtche moncbeik, K<ib k«bk<otmHh- 
 ■i&k »•!«« wittohtMneafh. \ ■ ■ 
 
 C A M B R X Z> G E. 
 
 Prioted by Smatl Gmg, in the teur, i(i9j • 
 
 i .u iiii w ■ ' II — .■— ^1' '' J ' L -i ' ^ 
 
to the Unconverted was reprinted, and in 1689 a translation of Shepard's 
 Sincere Convert. This was the last of Mr. Eliot's publications. He died 
 at Roxbury, May 21, 1690, in the eighty-sixth year of his age. 
 
 Further details about Mr. Eliot's labors among the Indians, and 
 the earlier attempts to convert them, will be found in the series of 
 eleven narratives published in London from 1643 to 1671, and generally 
 known as the ELIOT INDIAN TRACTS. Their titles are as follows: 
 
 (1) New Englands First Fruits; in respect. First of the Conversion of 
 some. Conviction of divers, Preparation of sundry of the Indians. 
 2. Of the progresse of Learning, in the CoUedge at Cambridge in 
 Massacusets Bay . . . London, Printed by R. O. and G. D. for 
 Henry Overton, 1643. Quarto, pp. (2), 26, (1). 
 
 (2) The Day-Breaking, if not the Sun-Rising of the Gospel with the 
 Indians in New-England. London, Printed by Rich. Cotes, for 
 Fulk Clifton, 1647. Quarto, pp. (2), 25. 
 
 (3) The Clear Sun-shine of the Gospel breaking forth upon the In- 
 dians in New-England ... By Mr. Thomas Shepard Minister 
 . . . at Cambridge in New-England. London, Printed by R. 
 Cotes for John Bellamy, 1648. Quarto, pp. (14), 38. 
 
 28 
 
Facsimile Title of 
 Glorious Progress 1 649 
 
'!^~<»e^ <d€<^^(B» ^io»«^ <a<:^«»«^^j»«»s:)»«»^de»&«»r®»a« 
 ^ THE t 
 
 I Glorious Progrcfs 
 
 X OF THE 
 
 fG OS P 
 
 2 AMONGST THE 
 
 I Indians in NewEngland ., I 
 
 ^ MJNIF£ST£D $ 
 
 Z By three Letters, under the Hand of that fa- f. 
 ^ mouslnftrumcnc of the Lord Mr. John Eliot, 4 
 
 ^^ And another from Mr. ThomAs Majheyv jun: both Preachers of <e» 
 
 ^ the Word, as well to the JEttfltJh as ImMaks in Ne"^ EmUnL !|J 
 
 ♦ WHEREIN ^ 
 
 t-*> The riches of Gods Grace m the effe^uall calling; of *• 
 
 many of them is cleared up: As alfo a manifeftatioa of the hungring ^ 
 
 ^ de^res of many People in fundry parts of that Counciy,afcer the "%, 
 
 '^ more full Revelation of the Gofpcl oijeftu Chr'ifi^ to the ^ 
 
 ^ exceeding Confolation of every Cnriftian Reader. ^ 
 
 S . Tocbther, ^ 
 
 *^With an Appendix to the foregoing Letters, hoi-*; 
 
 ^ ding forth ConjccfVures, Obfervations, and A ppHcations. <». 
 
 S Bv/.Z>.MinifteroftheGofpell. ^ 
 
 ^ _ -' ^ 
 
 ^ PxM/W^T Edward Wins LOW ^i 
 
 «l» _, i_ . , — ^ — *» 
 
 % Ma!, I . II. Trcim the rifmg ef the Sm, even mtothegowgdo-^'nef the j^ 
 ^ fatne, mj Name Jhull be great amtng the Gentiles , and in every pUee in- ^ 
 3j ceme (hall be offered mto nty Name^ and a pure Offering ; for mj Name «► , 
 ^ P}aH be great amelvg the Heathen,fii'.tb the Lord ofHofts. ^ 
 
 ^LONDON, Printed for Hannah Allert'xnPopes-btad'AUfy. \6^9- * 
 
 5« «« «i>a <>^ "^ <©«*»« «^ <>« «^St9» :>«»•<«;<•« <»^ *»€ «o^: "©^ *>c <M» 
 
(4) The Glorious Progress of the Gospel, amongst the Indians in 
 New England. Manifested By three Letters, under the Hand of 
 that famous Instrument of the Lord Mr. John Eliot, And another 
 from Mr. Thomas Mayhew jun. both Preachers of the Word, as 
 well to the English as Indians in New England . . . Published 
 by Edward Winslow. London, Printed for Hannah Allen, 1649. 
 Quarto, pp. (8), 28. 
 
 (5) The Light appearing more and more towards the perfect Day. Or, 
 A farther Discovery of the present state of the Indians in New- 
 England, Concerning the Progresse of the Gospel amongst them. 
 Manifested by Letters from such as preacht to them there. Pub- 
 lished by Henry Whitfield, late Pastor ... at Gilford in New- 
 England, who came late thence. London, Printed by T. R. 8i E. M. 
 for John Bartlet, 1651. Quarto, pp. (8), 46. Two editions or 
 issues, with title variation. 
 
 (6) Strength out of Weaknesse; or a Glorious Manifestation of the 
 further Progresse of the Gospel among the Indians in New-Eng- 
 land. Held forth in Sundry Letters from divers Ministers and 
 others to the Corporation established by Parliament for promoting 
 the Gospel among the Heathen in New-England . . . Pub- 
 lished by the aforesaid Corporation. London; Printed by M. 
 Simmons for John Blague and Samuel Howes, 1652. Quarto, pp. 
 (16), 40. Four editions were printed. 
 
 29 
 
r- 
 
 Facsimile Title of 
 Tears of Repentance 1653 
 
Tears of Repentance : 
 
 ♦ — 
 
 ♦ Or, A further 
 
 t Narrative of the Progrefs of the (jojpel 
 
 "^ Amongft the 
 
 
 INDIANS 
 
 * IN 
 
 INEVV'ENGLAND=| 
 
 t Setting forth, not only their prefent ftate * ; 
 J and condition, but fundry Confeflions of fin J^| 
 '♦ by di^erfe of the faid Indians, wrought upon^J ^ 
 i^ by the favinjg Power of the Gofpel ; Together J ! 
 $ with the manifeftation of their Kt<>/? sLnaHope JT* 
 $ in Je/us Qhrift, and the Work of Grace upon *; ^ 
 
 X their Hearts. *• 
 
 ♦ ± 
 
 * Related by Mr. Eliot and Mr. Mayhew^ two Faithful Laborers S 
 ^ In that Work "of the Lord. ^^ 
 
 5 PitbliP>ed hy the Corpsration for propagating the Goftiel there, for the ^0^ I 
 
 «6fr SatisfaElion and Comfort offnch aswijhwe II thereunto, ♦ J 
 
 ^^ ^^"^ 
 
 ^fi^ " ' ■ ' ' ' ' : I ■■ ^tt|, ^ 
 
 ^ Ifay, 4*. J- ^ bruifcd Reed jhidl he not break, and the Jmoa^ing -^ ; 
 
 4^. Ttax,fhallbenot quemJj. *►■' 
 
 :^ — . ^ , ^ 1 
 
 ^ London : Printed bv Pf/^f>" Cole in Leaden- Hall, and are to Sold at ^ 
 «9> his Shop, at the Sign of the Printing- Prefs inCornhilj, * 
 
 ^ near the Royal Exchange. 1653. '^ \ 
 
Facsimile Title of 
 Late and Further Manifestation 1655 
 
M> A Late and Further 
 
 I MANIFESTATION 
 
 SS OP THE it 
 
 II Progrcfs of the Q o s p E I. i| 
 
 tt •AiMonjqsT me p 
 
 ilNDIANSi 
 
 ** 1 'N £& 
 
 i NevV'Ensland. I 
 
 si ^ i| 
 
 II Declaring their conftant Love and Zeal to ^ 
 §1 the Tuth.* With a readinefle to give ^ 
 4? ^ Accompc of their Faith and Hope ; as of nif 
 !al] their defires in ChuKb Comma- |ft> 
 
 III nion to be Partakers of <|i 
 
 the Ordinances of ||| 
 
 Chk I s T. 11^ 
 
 ^f/wjf <f T^Arrstlve vf the Sxaminationt of the Indians, M^Mt |» 
 
 f ib«V KmwhUie in Religion, kj the Elders of the Chttrehes. ^£ 
 
 Related by M» To h n E 1 1 o t. «5 
 
 __ ^» 
 
 Publiflied by the Corporation, eftablifhed by «a|« 
 ft//ff of ^Mrliamentf for Propagating the Gofpel there. |£ 
 
 __ _ . : |g 
 
 A&s •3.47. I have fet thee to be A light to the Cjentiles, that *5 
 
 «£ thiH fhouldefi be for Salvation nnto'the Ends of the Earth. 4? 
 
 II ^ ^ %% 
 
 II LO 2ifD O 2^; Printed by fj^. S. x 6 $ $. «4| 
 
 5;(P8ojU8tJ8;*jc»j|Ui(^fjitjpqvifi|<i|ii|iiji^.jt^OTf*-*^i*******»* 
 
 ■'3 - 
 
(7) Tears of Repentance: Or, A further Narrative of the Progress of 
 the Gospel Amongst the Indians in New-England: Setting forth, 
 not only their present state and condition, but sundry Confessions 
 of sin by diverse of the said Indians . . . Related by Mr. Eliot 
 and Mr. Mayhew, two Faithful Laborers in that Work of the 
 Lord. Published by the Corporation for propagating the Gospel 
 there . . . London: Printed by Peter Cole, 1653. Quarto, pp. 
 (36), 47. Two editions. 
 
 (8) A Late and Further Manifestation of the Progress of the Gospel 
 amongst the Indians in New-England . . . Being a Narrative 
 of the Examinations of the Indians, about their Knowledge in Re- 
 ligion, by the Elders of the Churches. Related by Mr. John Eliot. 
 Published by the Corporation, established by Act of Parliament, 
 for Propagating the Gospel there. London: Printed by M. S., 
 1655. Quarto, pp. (8), 23. 
 
 (9) A further Accompt of the Progresse of the Gospel amongst the 
 Indians in New-England and of the means used effectually to ad- 
 vance the same. Set forth in certaine Letters sent from thence 
 declaring a purpose of Printing the Scriptures in the Indian Tongue 
 into which they are already Translated. . . . London, Printed 
 by M. Simmons for the Corporation of New-England, 1659. Quar- 
 to, pp. (11), 35, (1). 
 
 30 
 
Facsimile Title of 
 A Further Account 1660 
 
A further Account of the frogrefi 
 
 OF THE 
 
 GOSPEL 
 
 Amongft the Indians 
 
 In New England : 
 
 BEING 
 
 A Relation of the Confefsions made 
 by fcvcral Indians (in the pre^ 
 
 fence of the Elders and Mem- 
 bers of feyeral Churches^ ino^:- 
 
 der to their admiffion into 
 Churcfa-fellowihip. 
 
 Seat over to the Corporation for Piopagatlng the Gofpelof 
 Jefta Clorifi amongft the Indiiuts in Netv England at Loh- 
 d»i, by Mr Jthn Elliot one of the Laborers in the Word 
 
 ' amongft them. 
 
 Printed by J^hn Macoch^ 1660, 
 
Facsimile Title of 
 Brief Narrative 1671 
 
(10) A further Account of the progress of the Gospel Amongst the In- 
 dians In New England: being A Relation of the Confessions made 
 by several Indians (in the presence of the Elders and Members of 
 several Churches) in order to their admission into Church-f eUow- 
 ship. Sent over to the Corporation for Propagating the Gospel of 
 Jesus Christ amongst the Indians in New England at London, by 
 Mr. John Elliot one of the Laborers in the Word amongst them. 
 London, Printed by John Macock, 1660. Quarto, pp. (8), 76, (2). 
 
 (11) A Brief Narrative of the Progress of the Gospel amongst the In- 
 dians in New-England, in the Year 1670. Given in By the Rever- 
 end Mr. John Elliot, Minister of the Gospel there. In a Letter by 
 him directed to the Right Worshipfull the Commissioners under 
 his Majesties Great-Seal for Propagation of the Gospel amongst 
 the poor blind Natives in those United Colonies. London, Printed 
 for John Allen, 1671. Quarto, pp. U. 
 
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