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FIVE CIVILIZED TRI13ES OF INDIANS ,^.| 
 HEARINGS P'o ^^ 
 
 BEFORE THE 
 
 COMMITTEE ON INDIAN AFFAIRS 
 
 or THE 
 
 HOUSE OF KEPRESENTATIVES 
 
 ON 
 
 H. R. 108 
 
 TO CONFER UPON THE SUPERINTENDENT OF THE FIVE 
 CIVILIZED TRIBES CERTAIN JURISDICTION 
 
 
 
 ¥ 
 
 ^ \ 
 
 /^ \- 
 
 
 LINDCN sural 
 COUECTJON 
 
 v.. '' 
 
 WASHINGTON 
 
 GOVERNMENT FEINTING OFFICE 
 
 191« 
 
COMMITTEE ON INDIAN AFFAIRS. 
 
 SiXTT-FOUETH OONGEESS. 
 
 JOHN H. STEPHENS, Texas, Chairman. 
 
 CHARLES D. CARTER, Oklahoma. 
 THOMAS F. KONOP, Wisconsin. 
 CARL HAYDEN, Arizona. 
 LEWIS L. MORGAN, Louisiana. 
 WILLIAM H. MURRAY, Oklahoma. 
 DENVER S. CHURCH, California. 
 CHARLES M. STEDMAN, North Carolina. 
 WILLIAM J. SEARS, Morlda. 
 C. C. DILL, Washington. 
 JOHN N. TILLMAN, Arkansas. 
 HARRY L. GANDY, South Dakota. 
 W. W. VENABLE, Mississippi. 
 
 PHILIP P. CAMPBELL, Kansas. 
 PATRICK D. NORTON, North Dakota. 
 SAMUEL H. MILLER, Pennsylvania. 
 S. WALLACE DEMPSEY, New York. 
 HOMER P. SNYDER, New York. 
 ROYAL C. JOHNSON, South Dakota. 
 FRANKLIN P. ELLSWORTH, Minnesota. 
 BENIGNO C. HERNANDEZ, New Mexico. 
 JAMES WICKERSHAM, Alaska. 
 
 James V. Townsend, Clerk. 
 
 Paul N. Hcmphbet, AesMant Clerk. 
 
riVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OF INDIANS. 
 
 COMMITI'EE ON InDIAK AfJjWIRS, 
 
 House of Representatives, 
 Washington, D. C, March 9, 1916. 
 
 The committee this day met, Hon. John H. Stephens presiding. 
 
 The Chairman. The committee will come to order. 
 
 Grentlemen, we have met this morning for the purpose of taking 
 up House bill No. 108, introduced by Mr. Hastings. Mr. Hastings is 
 a Member of the House, and desires to be heard on the bill this 
 morning. Mr. Hastings, you may proceed. 
 
 I will instruct the stenographer to put the bill in the record so 
 that we may have a complete record. You may then proceed with 
 your argument in favor of the bill. 
 
 [H. R. 108. Sixty-fourth Congress, first session.] 
 
 A Bill To confer upon the Superintendent for the Five CiTllized Tribes In Oklahoma 
 the authority now conferred by law upon the Commissioner of Indian Affairs and the 
 Secretary of the Interior respecting lands allotted to the enrolled members of the 
 Five Civilized Tribes and their Individual moneys. 
 
 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives oj the United 
 States of America in Congress assembled, That the Superintendent for the Five 
 Civilized Tribes in Oklahoma shall, after the passage and approval of this act, 
 have and exercise all the authority now conferred by law upon the Commis- 
 sioner of Indian Affairs and the Secretary of the Interior, or either of them, 
 respecting the lands allotted to the enrolled members of the Five Civilized 
 Tribes in Oklahoma and their individual moneys. 
 
 Sec. 2. That all acts and parts of acts inconsistent with the provisions of 
 this act be, and the same are hereby, repealed. 
 
 STATEMENT OF HON. WILLIAM W. HASTINGS, A REPRESENT- 
 ATIVE IN CONGRESS FROM THE STATE OF OKLAHOMA. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. I was about to say, Mr. Chairman and gentlemen 
 of the committee, that I do not remember just how many of you were 
 present at the time, but I was heard, in part at least, on last Thurs- 
 day or Friday, at which time I went over, to some extent, the pur- 
 poses of this bill, and what I desired to accomplish by it. At that 
 time we did not have a stenographer present, and I am at a little 
 bit of a loss as to the amount of time I should take up now. I as- 
 sume, however, that before these hearings are concluded, all of these 
 matters will have been gone over thoroughly, so that they will be 
 fully understood by the members of the committee. With the per- 
 mission of the chairman and the members of the committee, I shall 
 attempt to make a recapitulation of what I have already said, and 
 put it in the record. 
 
 The Chairman. That may be done, and I can assure you that 
 the committee will give you authority to revise your remarks. 
 
 3 
 
4 FIVE CIVELIZED TKIBES OF INDIANS. 
 
 air. Hastings. If the committee does so, I will recapitulate this 
 morning, to some extent, and then take advantage of the permission 
 to revise mv remarks, which has been given by the chairman. 
 
 The Chairman. That is the general understanding. 
 
 (The statement of Mr. Hastings referred to above was as follows :) 
 
 Mr Chairman and gentlemen of the committee, on tlie first day Congress 
 convened December 6, 1915, I introduced the bill now under consideration 
 (H. R. 108), to confer upon the Superintendent for the Five Civilized Tribes 
 in Oklahoma the anthortiy now conferred b.v law upon the Connuissioner of 
 Indian Affairs and the Secretary of the Interior respecting the individual lands 
 allotted to the enrolled members of the Five Civilized Tribes and their indi- 
 vidual moneys. 
 
 I want to make it clear at the outset that this bill only deals with the lands 
 and moneys of individual restricted Indians and has nothing whatever to do 
 with the tribal property of the Five Civilized Tribes. 
 
 In order that the members of the committee may better understand the pur- 
 poses of the bill, permit me to remind you that the eastern half of Oklahoma 
 prior to statehood was known as the Indian Tei-ritory, and ^vas occupied by 
 the Five Civilized Tribes — Cherokee, Creek, Seminole, Choctaw, and Chickasaw. 
 In the early part of the last century these tribes moved under treaties, made 
 with the Government of the United States, from the Southern States to the 
 Indian Territory. Each tribe maintained a government of its own, separate 
 and distinct from the other tribes, as much so as one State of the Union is 
 separate and distinct from another State. Kach tribe had its own governor or 
 executive head, its legislature and its judiciary. They enacted their own laws, 
 \vithout any supervision whatever from the Federal Government, and they 
 executed them. Their lawsuits were tried in their own tribal courts without 
 any appeal to a Federal court. Fev; Members of Congress, not on the Indian 
 Committee, are aware of this. 
 
 For the past 100 years these tribes have intermarried with white people who 
 come among them. Schools and churches were established and the members 
 of the tribes were recognized as being on an equal plane of intelligence with 
 citizens of the surrounding States. White people settled in their country, rail- 
 roads were built, cities established, and finally Congress, by the act of March 
 3, 1893, created the Dawes Commission and sent it to the Indian Territory to 
 make treaties with the tribes, with a view of having their lands individualized, 
 their tribal funds paid out per capita, and their territory made a State of the 
 Union. 
 
 Under various treaties and acts of Congress provision was made for the 
 allotment of their lands. The final enrollment showed 101,521 allottees to whom 
 19,526,966 acres of land belonged. All these lands have been allotted except 
 some known as tribal lands. 
 
 Let me repeat that this bill only affects the lands allotted and patented to the 
 individual Indian and the moneys deposited to the credit of the Individual 
 Indian. It does not afCect any tribal lands or tribal money. 
 
 Under the various agreements and acts of Congress under which the lauds 
 were allotted provisions were inserted restricting the sale of their land for 
 certain periods of time. Part of these restrictions were removed bv the act 
 of April 21, 1904, and by the terms of the acts of April 26, 1906, and May 2T, 
 1908, all the homestead land of an enrolled member of one-half Indian blood 
 was restricted from alienation, and all the surplus land of an Indian enrolled 
 as of three-fourths or more Indian blood. 
 
 No restricted member of the tribes can lease his land for oil or gas, nor can 
 he make an agricultural lease upon his homestead for more than one year, 
 without the approval of the Secretary of the Interior. In brief, a restricted 
 Indian has become a very well-detined term in Oklahoma. It means an Indian, 
 who, under the law, Is not permitted, to manage his own affairs. In other 
 words, he can not lease, encumber, or sell his land, or handle his own individual 
 money without the approval of the Secretary of the Interior 1,500 miles distant. 
 
 Of the 101,521 members of the Five Civilized Tribes, there were in round 
 numbers about 75,000 of Indian blood, and of this number about 37,000 were 
 restricted. The records show that restrictions have been removed from about 
 8,000 of these Indians, and about one-third of the Indians remaining have died 
 since their enrollment. Hence, the number of Indians within the restricted 
 class in eastern Oklahoma is estimated to be between 20,000 and 25.000 
 
FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OF INDIANS. 5 
 
 li'oniiei-ly two officials in Olvhllioma loolred aftev tlie affairs of tlie tribes— one 
 the Oommissioner to the Five Civilized Tribes, who succeeded the Dawes Com- 
 mission, and the other the United States Indian agent. One looked after the 
 tribal property, and the other after the indi\idual property of the restricted 
 members of the Five Civilized Tribes. 
 
 By the act of August 1, 1914, Congress consolidated these offices and the 
 Superintendent for the Fi\'e Civilized Tribes was appointed. He was nomi- 
 nated by the President and confirmed by the Senate. Theretofore the officers 
 had been appointed by the Secretary of the Interior. The combined office was 
 considered of more importance, and it was expected greater power would be 
 conferred upon him. The salary was fixed at $5,000 per annum, the same 
 amount the Commissioner of Indian Affairs receives. 
 
 The above statement is preliminary to what I wish to say regarding the 
 purposes of this bill. 
 
 At present if a restricted Indian wants to do one of four things : 
 
 First. Make an agricultural lease on his homestead for more than one year, 
 or upon his surplus land for more than five years ; 
 
 Second. Make an oil lease upon his land ; 
 
 Third. Pay a claim out of his money ; or 
 
 Fourth. Sell any part of his land — 
 he can not do so without the approval of the Secretary of the Interior, or, I had 
 better say, a clerk or inferior officer under him. 
 
 It is the purpose of this bill to confer this authority upon the Superintendent 
 for the Five Civilized Tribes at Muskogee. You will note that it does not take 
 away any supervision whatever, but it transfers supervision from Washington 
 to Muskogee. To illustrate: If a restricted Indian wants to make an agricul- 
 tural lease upon his land, he goes before the local field clerk In Oklahoma, who 
 transmits the lease through the Superintendent for the Five Civilized Tribes, 
 where it goes through the files In the proper division, thence to the Commis- 
 sioner of Indian Affairs, where It Is referred to some bureau, and thence to the 
 Secretary of the Interior, where it is referred to a clerk and final action Is 
 had upon it. It is returned in the same way, and the Indian and the tenant 
 are finally notified of the result. 
 
 Our contention is : 
 
 First. That final authority should be given to the superintendent at Muskogee 
 to approve these agricultural leases, as he understands local conditions. 
 
 Second. If a restricted Indian wants to make an oil lease, regular blank 
 forms have been prepared, with rules and regulations understood by everybody, 
 and the superintendent at Muskogee has local men at convenient points through- 
 out eastern Oklahoma who can supply detailed information. Our contention 
 is that he is more competent, with all this Information, to approve these leases 
 than anyone else and can be as safely trusted to supervise and approve them as 
 any man at the head of a bureau in the office of the Oommissioner of Indian 
 Affairs or the clerk In the office of the Secretary of the Interior. The truth Is 
 that the Commissioner of Indian Affairs does not personally superintend these 
 matters, nor does the Secretary of the Interior, but some clerk, paid $1,800 or 
 $2,000 per annum, 1,500 miles awaj', supervises the action of the Superintendent 
 for the Five Civilized Tribes, a man upon the ground, appointed by the President 
 and confirmed by the Senate, who is paid a salary of $5,000 per annum. 
 
 Third. If a claim is pre.sented against an Indian who is within the restrlctel 
 class, unless authority is first olitalned, it has to go through the same routine 
 that an agricultural lease or an oil lease does. This method results in tedious 
 delays, which the bill introduced by me is intended to correct. 
 
 Fourth. If a restricted Indian wants to make application to remove the 
 resrlctlons upon the sale of his land, it goes through the same channel — 
 through the local field clerk, thence the superintendent for the Five Civilized 
 Tribes, thence through the bureau under the Oommissioner of Indian Affairs, 
 and finally over the desk of some clerk in the Department of the Interior. The 
 Indian may be old and decrepit or sick or there may be other reasons for 
 urgent action being taken upon his application. Our contention is that all 
 matters affecting the individual Indian — liis allotted land and individual 
 money — should be supervised by an honest, trustworthy, competent official, the 
 superintendent for the Five Civilized Tribes, at Muskogee, Okla. He has a 
 large number of law clerks, stenographers, appraisers, oil inspectors, field 
 clerks, and other clerical help to investigate thoroughly every matter at first 
 hand which may be submitted to him for supervision and approval. 
 
 The present Indian appropriation bill carries an appropriation of $185,000. 
 
6 FIVE CIVILIZED TEIBES OP INDIANS. 
 
 We Claim that all these matters can be safely trusted to the local man, and 
 that the interests of the individual Indian will be scrupulously guarded, action 
 upon the various transactions expedited, and their rights better protected it 
 this bill becomes a law. There can be no legitimate argument against it. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. In order that the members of the committee may 
 understand the situation, I will say that Congressman Ferris, chair- 
 man of the Public Lands Committee, intends to be here this morn- 
 ing. There is some matter before his committee at this time, and I 
 understand that Mr. Ferris desires to be heard at 11 o'clock this 
 morning, so that he will be able to go back to his committee. With 
 the permission of the chairman and the members of the committee, I 
 shall proceed until Mr. Ferris comes, and then yield to him. 
 
 The Chairman. We will want a complete record. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. Gentlemen of the committee, this bill H. E. No. 108, 
 which was introduced by me on the first day of the convening of 
 Congress, December 6, is to refer the administration of the individual 
 Indian estates to the superintendent for the Five Civilized Tribes 
 at Muskogee. 
 
 Now, to recapitulate, we have in eastern Oklahoma, or there were, 
 in round numbers, about 101,000 members of the Five Civilized 
 Tribes. They were formerly in what was known as the Indian Terri- 
 tory, which is now a part of the State of Oklahoma. There were, as 
 you all know, five of these tribes. 
 
 Under various treaties, beginning about 1897 and extending along 
 for a number of years, agreements were made to allot the lands in 
 severalty among the members of the tribes. Let me say at this 
 point, gentlemen of the committee, that practically all of those 
 lands have now been allotted. Take, for instance, the Cherokee 
 Nation; there were about 42,000 enrolled members of that tribe. 
 Every foot of the land has been allotted. Whatever lands remained 
 have been sold, and the last disbursement of their money is now be- 
 ing made, amounting to about $3.30 per capita. The lands in the 
 Creek Nation have, as I understand it, been allotted, and the same is 
 true of the Seminoles. With reference to the Choctaws and Chicka- 
 saws, their allotments, as I understand it, have also been completed. 
 I think that they still have some coal land and asphalt lands to be 
 sold, and there may be some other surplus lands to be sold. 
 
 The Chairman. Timberland. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. Perhaps some timberland. I want to impress 
 upon this committee the fact that this bill does not affect tribal 
 property at all. 
 
 Mr. Mtjrrat. So far as the allotments of the Chickasaws and 
 Choctaws are concerned, they are completed ? 
 
 Mr. Hastings. Yes. Whatever else remains is tribal property. 
 I want to say again that this bill does not affect tribal property at 
 all. I want to make that very clear to the members of the com- 
 mittee in- expressing my views. I think that the larger questions 
 ought to come here for determination, and that we are very likely 
 to need more legislation on the part of Congress. 
 
 Mr. KoNOP. This Commissioner of the Five Civilized Tribes was 
 created here some two or three years ago, was he not ? 
 
 Mr. Hastings. Yes, sir; by the act of August 1, 1914. 
 
 Mr. KoNOP. It was the understanding at the time this commissioner 
 v^'as created, that the matters of the Five Civilized Tribes could be 
 better taken care of in Oklahoma than in Washington ? 
 
FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OF INDIANS. Y 
 
 Mr. HastixNgs. There is no question about that. That was gener- 
 ally understood in Oklahoma, and I think every member of this com- 
 mittee and every Member of Congress understands it. 
 
 Mr. KoNOP. Am I to understand now that the way they are pro- 
 ceeding with Indian matters pertaining to the Five Civilized Tribes, 
 that this Commissioner of the Five Civilized Tribes takes the matter 
 up and reports to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, and that the 
 Commissioner of Indian Affairs has to go to the Secretary of the 
 Interior before final action is taken ? 
 
 Mr. Hastings. That is correct. That is what I want to correct, 
 so far as the supervision over the individual Indian is concerned. 
 
 Mr. KoNOP. What is the object of having this commissioner then? 
 
 Mr. Hastings. Well, on that point you and I take exactly the same 
 position. 
 
 Mr. KoNOP. How much salary does this man get ? 
 
 Mr. Hastings. $5,000. 
 
 Mr. KoNOP. Is he paid by the Government? 
 
 Mr. Hastings. He is paid by the Government. He is nominated 
 by the President and confirmed by the United States Senate. 
 
 Mr. KoNOP. It seems to me that, instead of expediting the work 
 for the Five Civilized Tribes, you have complicated it, and made it 
 possible for a matter to go through one more head than was formerly 
 the case. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. It has been changed several times. At first we had 
 three members, and then five, and finally it was cut down to one 
 superintendent. 
 
 Mr. Venable, I am a new member of the committee, and I am not 
 very familiar with this subject. I would like to ask this question : 
 What jurisdiction does the Department of the Interior, or the Secre- 
 tary of the Interior and the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, exercise 
 over these allotted lands ? 
 
 Mr. Hastings. .If you will permit me, I will take that up a little 
 later. It will take some time to discuss that matter. Mr. Ferris 
 desires to address the committee this morning and I shall yield to 
 him. After that I will answer at length. That is one of the ques- 
 tions before the committee. 
 
 The Chaieman. Mr. Ferris is present now. Do you desire to yield 
 to him now ? 
 
 Mr. Hastings. I should like to say just a word or two more. 
 
 Mr. DEMPSEr. Let me make a suggestion before you start. Mr. 
 Johnson and I have been talking and this thought has occurred to 
 us: The only complaint you made the other day was this, that in 
 the leasing of lands you lost the benefit of the leases frequently, and 
 the Indians did not get the rights they ought to get because of the 
 fact that there were delays. Suppose you had a specific bill instead 
 of a general bill, and that the superintendent of the Five Civilized 
 Tribes had authority to approve a short lease, we will say, for one 
 year or three years, or a least for a part of a term. Say, for instance, 
 that there was a lease of 15 years, and he could approve it for 1, 2, 
 or 3 years of that time, and then as to the balance of the term the 
 lease would be subject to approval here. There would be plenty of 
 time during the running of this first part of it in which to secure 
 approval here. On the other hand, you would have a check or safe- 
 
8 FIVE CIVILIZED TEIBES OF INDIANS. 
 
 guard, so that if the lease was unconscionable it could be disapproved 
 for the long part of the period. 
 
 Mr. KoNOP. I think by such procedure you would create only con- 
 fusion. I do not believe anybody would lease land under those 
 conditions. 
 
 Mr. Dempsey. I will say that I have personally owned land tor 
 20 years. I have bought land out in this country, and I think I 
 know something about this subject. I do not think there would 
 be any trouble in the world in getting a man to accept a three-year 
 lease. You might experience some diiRculty in getting a man to 
 accept a lease for one year, but a three-year lease would be regarded, 
 in some instances at least, as a long lease. 
 
 The Chairman. I think, gentlemen, that this is a matter that can 
 be discussed in executive session. 
 
 Mr. Mtjeray. Suppose it is timberland. I do not think any man 
 can go on that land and put houses on it in three years' time. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. I shall be glad to answer all the questions that I 
 can. I want to say to the members of this committee that I was 
 reared in Indian Territory. 
 
 Mr. KoNOP. Won't you confine yourself to discussing this propo- 
 sition about which Mr. Dempsey asked you? What would you do 
 with a proposition like that ? 
 
 Mr. Hastings. I intend to come to that in a minute or so. I have 
 lived in Indian Territory all my life. Everi since I left school I 
 have handled this Indian question. If there is anything that I am 
 entitled to know anything about, it is the Indian question in Okla- 
 homa. 
 
 There is no misunderstanding about the jurisdiction that is given 
 to the Superintendent of the Five Civilized Tribes by the terms of 
 this bill. It is a clear-cut proposition. Every man in the Indian 
 Office understands thoroughly the jurisdiction that is given by it. 
 It is difficult, as you all understand, to write a bill and go into all 
 these little details, but this bill deals with the individual estates of 
 Indians. It does four things. 
 
 If you will permit me to digress for a moment I will say that the 
 object and purpose of this bill is to prevent delays, to permit the 
 placing of a man upon the ground before whom you can go and be- 
 fore whom you can have a personal hearing in regard to these mat- 
 ters that affect the individual Indians. 
 
 By the act of August 1, 1914, the Commissioner for the Five Civ- 
 ilized Tribes an dthe agent for the Union Agency were consolidated. 
 The office of the Superintendent for the Five Civilized Tribes was 
 created. He was to be nominated by the President of the United 
 States and confirmed by the Senate. He was a responsible officer, 
 and was given jurisdiction that had been heretofore given the other 
 two. That was in order to prevent delays and in order to prevent 
 duplication of work, because a lot of the work at that time went 
 over, first, the agent's desk and then Avent over to the Commissioner 
 for the Five Civilized^ Tribes; then it was forwarded to the Commis- 
 sioner of Indian Affairs, and from the Commissioner of Indian Af- 
 fairs it went to the Secretary of the Interior. In order to prevent 
 these delays and to avoid this duplication of Avork these offices were 
 combined into one. This bill seeks to further prevent duplication 
 of work and to prevent delays by giving the superintendent down 
 
FIVE CIVILIZED TEIBES OP INDIANS. 9 
 
 in Oklahoma final jurisdiction over certain matters. I want to say 
 to the members of the committee, in order that it may be very clear, 
 that it does not take away any supervision over the Indians what- 
 ever. I want to emphasize clearly the fact that it does not take away 
 anj^ supervision, and to disabuse anyone of the idea that we are 
 trying to take away supervision over the Indians and giving any 
 undue advantage in these matters to any white man. 
 
 Let me say to you that this affects, as I said the other day, four 
 things ;_ first, it affects the supervision of agricultural leases. At 
 this point it may be well for me to explain for the benefit of those 
 gentlemen who are not old members of this committee that to each 
 of these Five Tribes was allotted what was known as a homestead 
 allotment, and the remainder was surplus allotment. It varied a 
 little in the different tribes. In the Cherokee Tribe it was land equal 
 in value to 40 acres of land. That is rather peculiar language, but 
 it depended on the character of the land that was taken. In other 
 words, it was land equal in value to the 40 acres of the average al- 
 lotable land. If it happened to be bottom land, it would probably 
 be less; and if, on the other hand, it happened to be cheaper land 
 it would be more. I think, however, the homestead in the Creek 
 Nation was 40 acres. I am not so familiai' with that. 
 
 Mr. Murray. The Choctaws and Chickasaws was $.520 worth. 
 Mr. Hastings. I mean for a homestead. 
 Mr. Murray. That was 160 acres on the average. 
 Mr. Hastings. The rest was surplus. As to these agricultural 
 leases, you gentlemen can readily understand that the value of the 
 land varies greatly. It maj' be rich bottom land, it may be hillside 
 land, it may be uncleared land, and it may be land that has no improve- 
 ments, so that you can see that land may vary in rental value from 
 50 cents to $7 an acre owing to the condition of the improvements 
 and the character of the land itself. Now, along comes a tenant, 
 who goes to an Indian and wants to rent his land. He can not per- 
 haps afford to spend money to improve the land for the rent of one 
 year. He wants it for a longer term. He goes before the local Gov- 
 ernment man. This man is an appointee of the Government. He 
 is not elected by the people in the counties in which these Indians 
 live, and therefore public opinion there does not control him. Now, 
 what I desire and what this bill proposes, so far as agricultural 
 leases are concerned, is to permit the local man in the field to investi- 
 gate these questions as they are brought up, when those interested 
 can be present and an agreement entered into to suit the circum- 
 stances of each case. The question of the character of the improve- 
 ments which are going to be made, the question of the terms and 
 conditions of the contract, can be gone into and arranged for by the 
 Superintendent of the Five Civilized Tribes at Muskogee. I think 
 that lease should be approved by the local man and not sent to 
 Washington. 
 Mr. Gandy. How is he appointed? 
 
 Mr. Hastings. He is nominated by the President and confirmed 
 by the Senate. He is on a par witli the Commissioner of Indian 
 Affairs. 
 
 The CIl.^lF3.^^N. Your bill does not change the modus operandi in 
 order that you may get what you want done in the field? 
 Mr. Hastings. Not at all. 
 
10 FIVE CIVILIZED TEIBES OF INDIANS. 
 
 The Chairman. You ^YOulcl have it just the same as now? 
 
 Mr. Hastings. Except that I would not have these matters for- 
 warded from there to Washington. Since this bill was introduced — 
 some time in January — and since this matter has been agitated, the 
 Secretary of the Interior has given authority to the superintendent 
 down there. 
 
 The Carter. Did we not put that in the bill ? 
 
 Mr. Hastings. It was knocked out on a point of order. 
 
 I read the other day about how these new lease rules were work- 
 ing. I shall take time to read again a news item from the Muskogee 
 Times-Democrat : 
 
 The new regulations which give the Superintendent of the Five Oivilizecl 
 Tribes authority to approve agricultural leases in the Muskogee office is work- 
 ing out to the advantage of all concerned and enables the local Indian office to 
 dispatch business with rapidity. 
 
 The first lease under the new regulations was approved to-day. The lease 
 was executed on February 5 and approved four days later. The lessors are 
 Arch and .Jenny Cloud, and Nancy Totingduck is the lessee. 
 
 The land was owned by an old Indian woman who had no home. She wanted 
 to lease the lands to obtain money with which to build a home. A 15-year 
 lease was made. The woman was given a check to-day and the contract for 
 the building of the house will be let to-morrow. 
 
 Under the old system it would have taken perhaps months to get the lease 
 approved. 
 
 Mr. Johnson. What authority have you conferred on him? 
 
 Mr. Hastings. This bill would give him authority to approve these 
 leases. 
 
 Mr. Sntder. If the authority has been given, and these leases are 
 now made according to your bill and according to your desire, what 
 is the use of going any further? 
 
 Mr. Hastings. That is only one of the things that is sought to be 
 accomplished by the bill. If this bill were defeated, or if an unfav- 
 orable report were made on it, the Commissioner of Indian Affairs 
 or the Secretary of the Interior could revoke the order at any time. 
 What I want done is to have it fixed in the law. 
 
 Mr. Sntder. You do not think the Secretary would do that if he 
 found it satisfactory ? 
 
 Mr. Hastings. I do not think he ought to do it. 
 
 Mr. KoNOP. What are the other three things that you referred to a 
 while ago? 
 
 Mr. Hastings. I will come to them. The other things that are 
 sought to be accomplished by this bill are these : First, the payment 
 of any claims or any bills out of the restricted moneys of restricted 
 Indians. Then comes the approval of oil leases, and then the re- 
 moval of additional restrictions from restricted Indians. 
 
 Brushing aside the question of agricultural leases, let me take up 
 the question of payment of claims. I believe that I told you the 
 other day that there were about 37,000 so-called restricted Indians in 
 Oklahoma. Many of those restricted Indians were members of the 
 legislature. Some of them were governors or chiefs of the different 
 tribes; some of them sat upon the tribal court benches. They pre- 
 sided over murder trials. Others occupied other county offices. 
 Some of them represented the tribes here before committees of 
 Congress, and so on. Now, a number of these are within the re- 
 stricted class. Of these 37,000, I am advised that about one-third 
 
FIVE CIVILIZED TBIBES OF INDIANS. 11 
 
 have died since these laws were enacted. These laws were enacted 
 away back 12 or 14 years ago. If one of these Indians has any money 
 coming from any source whatever — it may be equalization money, in 
 lieu of allotment of land ; or it may be from the sale of a part of 
 his land, he has money to his credit; it may be from one of these 
 agricultural leases or it may be from oil leases — if he is within the 
 restricted class. A man can not buy a dollar's worth of anything 
 unless the purchase is approved in advance. Unless authority is 
 gotten in advance to expend the money, as I understand it, or the 
 claim is sent to Washington for approval, they can not pay the 
 claims. At any rate authority has to be gotten from Washington to 
 approve every dollar's worth of expenditure either before or after 
 the purchase, anyway before the payment. 
 
 Now, gentlenien of the committee, there is too much delay in con- 
 nection with this. This bill, if it passes, will give the superintendent 
 of the Five Civilized Tribes the authority to approve any one of these 
 claims. Wherever I go throughout my district I find that one of 
 the biggest complaints arises from the delay which is experienced 
 in the settlement of claims. Throughout the eastern part of Okla- 
 homa there is a constant complaint in regard to the matter of hav- 
 ing these claims paid. Let us take a very simple case. We will say, 
 for instance, they go to a store in order to buy groceries or provi- 
 sions of various kinds, or utensils, or they want money for any 
 other purpose. An account is made out; it is investigated and 
 O. K.'d by the local field clerk. That account goes to the superin- 
 tendent for the Five Civilized Tribes at Muskogee. A great long 
 report comes to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs at Washington ; 
 from the Commissioner of Indian Affairs it goes to the Secretary 
 of the Interior. You can see that the Commissioner of Indian 
 Affairs does not have time to deal with questions of that kind. 
 There are larger questions to which he should devote his entire time. 
 What I desire, and what this bill seeks to do, is to allow the man 
 who is nominated by the President of the United States and con- 
 firmed by the Senate of the United States, and who is placed upon 
 the ground in Oklahoma, to approve these bills that affect the in- 
 <iividual Indian. 
 
 Mr. Johnson. In order to be consistent, if this bill should be en- 
 acted into law, should we not have a superintendent in Arizona, in 
 North Dakota, in South Dakota, and in all the States where there are 
 Indians ? It seems to me that the same problems would arise in those 
 States that arise in Oklahoma. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. I took it for granted that that question would be 
 propounded. I tried to anticipate that when I spoke before the 
 committee a few days ago. I tried then to distinguish between the 
 different tribes of Indians. I said to the committee at that time that 
 the great difficulty was that when we get to talking about the Five 
 Civilized Tribes you get the wrong idea. You are dealing here with 
 an entirely different situation from that which ordinarily confronts 
 you. We have here five civilized tribes of Indians with a century 
 of civilization behind them. Here you have tribes of Indians who 
 have had their own government as distinct as that of Arizona, as 
 distinct as that of Arkansas, and as distinct as that of Maine. Those 
 governments existed for a period of 75 years, when it was replaced 
 
12 FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OF INDIANS. 
 
 with the State government of Oklahoma. Here you have'trihes with 
 written constitutions, with written laws, etc., and with ggvernors who 
 have about the same authority as the governor of a surrounding 
 State, for instance. They had their own legislatures — an upper and 
 lower house. They passed acts by the legislature simila-rTO the acts 
 cf any of our States. They had their judiciary. TSiei*»^country was 
 cut up into counties, and they had their various court^the supreme 
 court, the circuit court, the district court, etc. '"* ^ 
 
 Mr. MiLtEE. Presided over by Indians? 
 
 Mr. Hastings. Yes, sir ; and the Government of the United Ikates 
 had nothing more to do with it than you have with Russia to-day. 
 Th&y appropriated their own money. . " ^ 
 
 Mr. KoNOP. At that time it was called Indian Territory., was it 
 not? 
 
 Mr. Hastings. Yes, sir; at that time it was called Indian Terri- 
 tory. 
 
 Mr. KoNOP. Besides that governor that you had there ^yas there 
 a territorial governor appointed? 
 
 Mr. Hastings. Not at all. 
 
 Mr. KoNOP. Was there any United States court there ? 
 
 Mr. Hastings. One was established in old Oklahoma in 1889 and 
 afterwards extended to Indian Territory in 1890. The jurisdiction 
 was enlarged from year to year. Prior to that time there was no 
 court there, and so far as concerns the Indians the Federal courts 
 had no jurisdiction whatever. 
 
 Mr. KoNOP. What relation does our Government bear to this gov- 
 ernment ? 
 
 Mr. Hastings. The only relation it had was that we could not 
 violate any treaty we made with you. We could not pass an act that 
 was violative of a treaty or the Constitution of the United States. 
 The States, of course, can not pass an act violative of the Constitu- 
 tion of the United States, so that we stood practically in the same 
 relation to the Government of the United States that one of your 
 States does now. 
 
 The Chaieman. The same relation as the old territory ? 
 
 Mr. Hastings. Yes, sir ; the same relation as the old territory, ex- 
 cept, I believe, you appointed the governors in territories and we 
 elected ours. We had a regular form of election. We had tribal 
 politics and tribal parties. The governors were nominated, and all 
 minor officers clear down to the lowest one were nominated and 
 elected just as you elect them in any one of the States in the Union. 
 I was about to say, furthermore, that we had a school system that 
 was a model for the surrounding States. We used the proceeds from 
 the exchanging of lands to maintain a school system that was con- 
 sidered a model. We had a free school system that was not super- 
 vised by the Government. You had nothing to do with it. You had 
 nothing to do vrith the appropriation of our money. We maintained 
 a superintendent of education. If I may say it with becoming 
 modesty, I occupied that position for a short period 20 or 25 years 
 ago. We had tribal school, and teachers were appointed in the 
 various localities. What I say about one tribe could well be ap- 
 plied to the others. We built brick colleges and seminaries, where 
 the voung men and women of our countrv were educated. We had 
 
FIVE CIVILIZED TEIBES OF INDIANS. 13 
 
 teachers from Eastern States; we had graduates from Princeton 
 and other universities, so that about the same co\irse was taught 
 in these schools as is taught in the high schools of the country to-day. 
 Hence, you can readily see that we have educated our ]X'(iple. T am 
 trying to show this committee the difference between a member of 
 the Five Civilized Ti-ibes and one of the other western tribes. You 
 must bear in mind that during all these years we had no super\ ision 
 at all. That applies to the members of the Five Civilized Tribes 
 so far as their dealings with each other are concerned. 
 
 Mr. KoNOP. How has this benevolent arm of the Government down 
 there helped Oklahoma? 
 
 Mr. Hastings. May I answer that by using the w^ords of the super- 
 intendent himself? 
 
 Mr. KoNOP. Certainly; just so I get an answer. 
 Mr. Hastings. The superintendent has said that the Indians show 
 less ability to take case of themselves to-day than 10 years ago. 
 
 The Chairman. Mr. Ferris is here and wants to be heard. Do 
 you wish to yield to him now ? 
 
 Mr. Hastings. I did not intend to take up so much time. I wish, 
 however, to impress upon the committee again that I do not seek, in 
 this bill, to take away supervision over the Indians. I do not want 
 any illegal claims allowed. It is not my purpose to have any bogus 
 claims allowed. I do think that if there is a claim against a restricted 
 Indian; if a merchant, doctor, lawyer, blacksmith, laborer, or me- 
 chinic presents a claim to the local Government man on the ground, 
 and he investigates it and reports upon it, and the report goes to the 
 Superintendent for the Five Civilized Tribes, the report of the super- 
 intendent, or the decision of the superintendent, should be final. If 
 there is an appeal from that, it comes up here to Washington, and 
 white is the result? I have not a word of condemnation so far as 
 the present Commissioner of Indian Affairs is concerned. I have, in 
 fact, an affectionate regard for him. I was in the employ of the 
 Cherokee Tribe for years and years and I was always treated with 
 the utmost consideration by the Indian Office, and that applies 
 equally to the past and present occupant of it. This is not a fight 
 on any individual, but it is a fight against a system. I am opposed 
 to it, because I do not think it is for the best interests of the Indians. 
 Therefore, I do not wish to see it continued. 
 
 Mr. Gandy. If this bill should pass, would there be any appeal 
 on matters from the Superintendent of the Five Civilized Tribes 
 directly to the Secretary's office? 
 
 Mr. Hastings. There would not be any in so far as these things 
 that I have been referring to are concerned. In my opinion, the 
 Superintendent for the Five Civilized Tribes is at the present time 
 simply a forwarding clerk. These matters do not go to the Secre- 
 tary of the Interior. They go, as you know, to his office, but I ven- 
 ture to make the assertion that if you ask the Secretary of the Interior 
 personally about these things, he could not tell you anything about 
 them. He could not possibly keep track of these matters. The ques- 
 tion is whether you will let the Superintendent of the Five Civilized 
 Tribes at Muskogee, who is upon the ground and who has personal 
 knowledge of these things, and who can get all the information that 
 is necessary for a full investigation, approve these matters and pass 
 
14 FIVE CIVILIZED TKIBES OP INDIANS. 
 
 upon them, or will you send thorn here to Washington and let them 
 go to the head of some bureau, where some clerk will pass upon 
 them. It is not a question of appeal. They are all forwarded. Take 
 a claim, for instance, of a man who has done work as a carpenter, 
 and some restricted Indian owes him $25 for some work that he has 
 done on a house. The Indian wants to pay it, and the carpenter 
 wants his money. He can not wait ; he is not in a position to wait ; 
 at least, it inconveniences him to wait. He presents that claim. If 
 that claim is O. K.'d, after an investigation, I think we should place 
 the responsibility of approving it on the man in Oklahoma, in order 
 to prevent delay. I think that should be final. 
 
 Mr. KoNOP. Some years ago this committee thrashed out some mat- 
 ters in connection with frauds. For my own information, I wish 
 you would tell me whether these frauds were committed in the tribal 
 courts, or was that since the United States Government took hold ? 
 
 Mr. Hastings. Those were not in the tribal courts. Our tribal 
 courts have been abolished for a number of years. I think the mat- 
 ter you have in mind was something that occurred in about 1908. 
 
 Mr. KoNOP. What I want to know is whether these frauds were 
 committed under the Indian government or subsequent to that time ? 
 
 Mr. Hastings. They have all been subsequent. 
 
 Mr. Mtjeeay. That was the Cherokee Nation. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. I may say that I represented the tribe in those 
 fights. . 
 
 Mr. KoNOP. It was only for my own personal information that I 
 asked it. 
 
 Mr. Murray. The tribal courts of the Chickasaw Nation had juris- 
 diction until the act of Congress took it away in 1913. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. Now, as to oil leases, practically all that country 
 has been leased for oil. You gentlemen who are acquainted with 
 the oil situation know that oil lands are developed first by " wild- 
 catting." In other words, a man a distance of several miles away 
 from any oil development will secure a block of land and lease from, 
 the various owners, and they drill a well somewhere near the center. 
 They can not afford otherwise to go down in the " wildcatting " terri- 
 tory and spend three or four thousand dollars for a well. Nearly 
 all of this territory that is anywhere near oil territory has been leased. 
 The Commissioner of Indian Affairs will invite attention to the fact 
 that these are valuable oil leases. 
 
 Mr. KoNOP. These leases will expire some time, will they not? 
 They are not in perpetuity. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. That is true. Then some of the leases are occa- 
 sionally canceled. Now, after a while an oil well may be drilled 
 down there 2 or 3 or 4 miles from the former well, and some " wild- 
 catter " takes a chance at it. These oil leases are made on a blank 
 form prescribed by the Secretary of the Interior. They require the 
 lessee to comply with certain rules and regulations. That part is not 
 disturbed by this bill. These are made up on blank forms, and the 
 bill does not disturb that. They have to give bond, and that is not 
 disturbed. The Indian is interested in having the land developed 
 and the lessee is interested in the development, and the country is 
 interested in the development, so that the Indian makes the lease to 
 some lessee. Now, before the report is made by the local Government 
 
FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OF INDIANS. 15 
 
 officer he knows where this land is ; he knows the section, township, 
 and range, for instance. They have all this information there in 
 the office. The field man goes out and inspects it and makes a re- 
 port as to the probable value of the land as to the nearest oil wells 
 and as to what bonus is being paid on commercial leases. These leases 
 are not as valuable as commercial leases because of the delays inci- 
 dent to securing their approval. After this local man reports to the 
 superintendent at Muskogee, they have a long report which has to be 
 dictated and sent to Washington. They have no more information in 
 Washington than the Superintendent of the Five Civilized Tribes 
 has down there at Muskogee. If this bill is enacted into law it will 
 give him final authority in these matters, based upon the informa- 
 tion that is collected by him. 
 
 I desire now to invite the attention of the committee to the amount 
 of correspondence between the department and the men in the field 
 in order to show you the condition that I am trying to remedy. If 
 you will look at page 69 of the superintendent's report, you will find 
 that he gives the amount of outgoing mail — departmental letters — 
 as 7,650. If you cut out Sundays and holidays, you will see that 
 in round numbers there are 25 letters written by the Superintendent 
 for the Five Civilized Tribes every day to the department here in 
 Washington. Of course I have no knowledge as to the exact char- 
 acter of those letters. Some of them are short and some are long. 
 You can readily see, gentlemen of the committee, that this man is 
 nothing more than a forwarding clerk to the head of the bureau 
 here, and he would be busy if he had nothing to do besides reading 
 these letters that are prepared in his office for his signature. Let me 
 also invite attention to the number of letters that he receives from 
 the department. This report shows that he received departmental 
 letters in the incoming mail amounting to 7,694. There were, as you 
 will remember, 7,650 letters going to the department, and there were 
 7,694 coming from the department, so that you can see the amount 
 of clerical work involved and the size of the force that is necessary 
 in order to make reports and for the purpose of forwarding these 
 things to the department. 
 
 Let me call attention to another thing which is shown by this 
 report. It shows that the miscellaneous mail, incoming, runs up to 
 116,570. Miscellaneous letters outgoing from this office run up 
 to 144,402. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Do you mean that is at the Indian office down there ? 
 
 Mr. Hastings. Yes, sir; at Muskogee. There are some 300 em- 
 ployees in the office of the Superintendent for the Five Civilized 
 Tribes. They have a big force at Muskogee. They have a large 
 force of clerks. They also have field men scattered all over eastern 
 Oklahoma from whom this superintendent may get first-hand 
 information. 
 
 The Chairman. I want to call your attention to the fact that you 
 have 17 minutes left. Do you desire to yield to Mr. Ferris? 
 
 Mr. Hastings. Yes ; in just a moment. 
 
 Let me give you a practical application of how this thing works, 
 and then you will see why we are trying to remedy the existing con- 
 ditions. Whenever any action is asked for by a restricted Indian, 
 whether it is the payment of a claim, the approval of an agricultural 
 
16 FIVE CIVIJ.IZKD TRIBES OF IXDIAXS. 
 
 lease, the approval of an oil lease, the removal of lestriction.s, or any 
 action at all, however slight it may be, the local men down there, it 
 they want a matter expedited, if tliey live in my district, they i™^®- 
 diately write a letter to me, or if in another to their Member of Con- 
 gress, asking that the matter be expedited, because they know the 
 delays that are incident to it. The Member of Congress answers 
 that letter. He immediately writes to the Superintendent for the 
 Five Civilized Tribes. Then he writes a letter to the Commissioner 
 of Indian Affairs. They write each other a letter, and each one of them 
 writes the man in Oklahoma a letter about the matter. Now, gen- 
 tlemen of the committee. I know that that accounts for a large part 
 of this mail. 
 
 Mr. Norton. As I understand it, your chief complaint seems to 
 be that there is too much correspondence between the department on 
 minor matters. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. Yes. sir. 
 
 Mr. Norton. Have you taken that up ^vith the Secretary of the 
 Interior and called attention to that? 
 
 Mr. Hastings. I have never yet found a department that wanted 
 to yield any jurisdiction. 
 
 Mr. Norton. I was simply asking for information. 
 Mr. Hastings. It has been my understanding, Mr. Norton, that 
 promises have been made, not only by this administration, but by 
 past administrations, in response to a number of complaints and 
 apiDlications, that more jurisdiction would be given to the local man, 
 but there does not seem to be any improvement. At any rate, I have 
 exercised my right as a Member of Congress and have introduced 
 this bill which seeks to do away with these unnecessary delays. 
 
 Mr. NoETox. I regret very much that I have not been here during 
 all of this discussion. Have you covered with the committee the 
 question of the probating of the estates of the Indians down there? 
 As I understand it, that at one time was in charge of the local authori- 
 ties and was taken in charge by the Government. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. The law is the same now as it was then. 
 Mr. Norton. The laM' is the same ? 
 
 Mr. Hastings. The law is the same. This bill does not change that 
 at all. 
 
 Mr. Norton. Of course, this would not change that law. Do you 
 mean to say that the law pertains to the probating of Indian estates 
 in the same way that it did before the Burke Act ? 
 
 Mr. Hastings. I know what you have reference to. Some three 
 or four years ago, as I remember it, you appropriated additionail 
 nioney for probate attorneys, and these probate attorneys now assist 
 in these probate matters in all these courts. 
 
 You continued that appropriation in the appropriation bill that 
 you recently passed. 
 
 Mr. Mtjerat. The jurisdiction is the same. 
 Mr. Hastings. Yes. 
 . Mr. Carter. Were you not one of the parties that called the atten- 
 tion of the department first to the bad state of probating affairs in 
 Oklahoma ? 
 
 Mr. Hastings. I do not want to take too much credit to myself 
 but it IS a well known fact in Oklahoma that I led the fight in behalf 
 
FIVE CIVILIZED TKIBES OF INDIANS. 17 
 
 of the Indians. I might add that it was an exceptionally vigorous 
 fight. 
 
 Mr. Miller. Under existing law, if an Indian sells his allotment, 
 what becomes of the money ? 
 
 Mr. Hastings. It depends npon whether he is a restricted Indian 
 or not. 
 
 Mr. Miller. If he is not restricted. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. The department may remove the restriction uncon- 
 ditionally and turn him loose. This bill does not change that at all. 
 It gives supervision to the local man instead of the head of some 
 bureau in Washington. 
 
 The Chairman. It is almost 12 o'clock, and Mr. Ferris is waiting 
 to be heard. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. I will yield to Mr. Ferris. 
 
 STATEMENT OF HON. SCOTT FERRIS, A REPRESENTATIVE IN 
 CONGRESS FROM THE STATE OF OKLAHOMA. 
 
 Mr. Ferris. ^Ir. Chairman and gentlemen of the committee, it 
 seems almost trite for one who knows so little of Indian affairs to 
 even for a moment interrupt a gentleman who knows so much about 
 them as Mr. Hastings. I want to say that I concur in and second all 
 that he has said with reference to there being a grave necessity for 
 bringing the administration of Indian affairs a little closer to the 
 Indians. This condition of affairs to which he has referred does not 
 mean so much to some of you, but to those who live in the one Terri- 
 tory or the one State where all the Indians have been collected and 
 colonized it means a great deal. As we all know, the former Indian 
 Territory, now a part of Oklahoma, was set apart years ago by 
 Congress for the purpose of assembling the Indians that the white 
 people in other States wanted to get rid of. I guess I should say 
 when the older States wanted their lands for settlement purposes. 
 In this way, using this method of pressing the Indians back, this 
 brought together almost half of all the Indians in that single area 
 called Oklahoma. 
 
 Now, the problems of these people are numerous; their property 
 is vast, and the administration of it is very complicated. I know 
 how natural it is that the head of the Indian Department, Commis- 
 sioner Sells, is loath to relax any part of the jurisdiction he now has, 
 There was a time, less than 10 years ago, when the State was ad- 
 mitted into the Union, and every Indian was made a full citizen and 
 clothed with every right of citizenship possessed by a white man. 
 One of these citizens was elected to the United States Senate ; one to 
 Congress, and they have since elected two additional Indians to 
 represent us in the Congress of the United States. The second gov- 
 ernor of our State was an Indian citizen. The first two speakers 
 of the legislature were Indians. The chairman of the constitutional 
 convention was an Indian citizen. If any of you gentlemen should 
 visit us, the committee that would greet you would be largely com- 
 posed of Indian citizens. The reception committee would be com- 
 posed of Indians. If you should go behind the counter of a bank 
 out there, you would find Indians in control of many of the banks. 
 It is humiliating to these people who have had patent to land since 
 
 38147—16 2 
 
18 FIVE CIVILIZED TEIBES OF INDIANS. 
 
 1842, who have been civilized, and who have served in both armies, 
 to have to ask permission, first, of their local representative or the 
 Indian Service, and later of the Indian Office, and still later of the 
 Indian Department, to buy a few shingles to go upon the roof that 
 covers their heads. 
 
 Mr. Norton. Would you, Mr. Ferris, favor a bill or provision of 
 law severing the relation of the Indians in Oklahoma entirely from 
 the Government? 
 
 Mr. Ferris. I would not as to all of them, but surely as to the great 
 majority of the Five Civilized Tribes. I will give my opinion very 
 frankly. 
 
 Mr. Norton. I had in mind something that Mr. Hastings had said. 
 
 Mr. Ferris. I am very glad to deal with that question. We have 
 in the Five Civilized Tribes what may be called white Indians, and 
 we have in the Five Civilized Tribes what may well be called real In- 
 dians. As to the former, I would free them ; as to the latter, I would 
 handle as other Indian problems. It was my opinion when I sat 
 on this committee, and it has been my opinion from that day to this, 
 that the so-called white Indian should be separated from the real 
 Indian. I am sure that if I were to try to introduce a bill along 
 those lines to-day, I would almost be assassinated ; not by you gentle- 
 men who come from Indian States, but by others, who would say 
 that I was trying to take away from them the protection of the 
 Government. So, I do not think we can go that far. I have not 
 consulted with Mr. Hastings about this bill, but I have no doubt that 
 he would say if there was any possibility of doing that thing, we 
 would not be here to-day interested in this matter. Inasmuch as it 
 seems impossible to get the real Indians separated from the so-called 
 white Indians, I am ready to second Mr. Hastings's proposition to 
 bring the Government to the Indians, rather than bring the Indians 
 to the Government. Every year they have to go around and collect 
 little pittances among themselves to send delegates here. A com- 
 mittee of Indians was in my office this morning. They come to 
 Washington yearly from the several tribes. Considering the progress 
 that these Indians in Oklahoma have made, I think that we should 
 have an administrative officer on the ground. 
 
 The Indian office at Muskogee has become nothing more or less 
 than a subordinate office, and if an Indian goes there to ask for the 
 simplest thing ; if he goes in to ask for a set of harness or for a plow 
 to cultivate his cotton ; he goes in to ask for money to build a pigsty 
 or a chicken shed, it takes months to get those trivial matters through 
 the various channels and acted upon. You see, his money is all 
 tied up. It is held by the Government. 
 
 I do not come in here in a spirit of complaint against the great 
 Government which does so much for our Indian people and for our 
 Indians, but it is merely against the method of procedure that I 
 protest. The Indian goes in and signs an application to get $40 
 for the purchase of cotton seed, or for money to build an addition to 
 his barn, but before it can be approved it has to go through all these 
 various channels, and the Indian becomes a beggar, he becomes a 
 dependent, and he has to humiliate himself before he can get what he 
 needs. This, of course, is intended to help him, but in reality harms 
 him and reduces him. 
 
FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OP INDIANS, 19 
 
 My district does not include as much of the Five Civilized Tribes 
 as does the district of the gentleman from Oklahoma, Mr. Hastings, 
 or the gentleman from Oklahoma, Mr. Carter, or the gentleman from 
 Uklahoma, Mr. Murray ; but in going around the State some, as I 
 oo every year, I become fairly well acquainted with conditions over 
 the btate. I attended some public gatherings in the eastern part of 
 the btate last year, and I was humiliated to find that some of those 
 people who have for 50 or 75 years run their own government very 
 well had been reduced to the rankest sort of poverty by the adminis- 
 tration which has been put upon them. 
 
 If you ask me whether Commissioner Sells willingly does that, I 
 answer no. If you ask me whether Secretary of the Interior Lane 
 ivillingly submits to that, I say no. If you ask me if any arm or 
 branch of the Government service willingly does that, I say no. But 
 It comes about from a cumbersome and bunglesome handling of In- 
 dian affairs that ought to be remedied. The Government is too far 
 away from the Indian. The office there is without power. They 
 have to report everything to Washington. 
 
 Mr. Norton. Do you not think if the Secretary of the Interior 
 would take up this matter and issue an order saying that he wants 
 the condition remedied, he would have the power to do it ? 
 
 Mr. Feeeis. It is my opinion he could. Mr. Hastings, I think, 
 answered you very well when he said it is preposterous to assume that 
 any oflScial, under any conditions, will ever yield a particle of juris- 
 diction. If Congress thrusts it upon him to-day, it is with him for- 
 ever, unless somebody divests him of it. 
 
 Mr. Norton. The gentleman assumes that he can not find in this 
 Eepublic of ours a man strong enough to be placed in a position such 
 as that of Secretary of the Interior who will do what he honestly 
 believes is best for the Indians? 
 
 Mr. Ferris. I hope you will not put those words in my mouth, be- 
 cause they are not my words; they are not in my heart. Secretary 
 Lane, in my opinion, is a brilliant, capable, able man. Personally 
 he is my best friend connected with the whole administration. In 
 fact, I am going to talk with him in regard to this very proposition. 
 With his many cares he can't give full attention to all these 
 matters. 
 
 Mr. Norton. If you had the full say as to what should be done 
 in the administration of affairs down in the Five Civilized Tribes, 
 you would know what to do? 
 
 Mr. Ferris. I hope I have not appeared as such an egotist as to 
 say I could solve the problems, even as well as they have been at- 
 tempted to be solved, although I am glad to submit any views I 
 may have in regard to the system, realizing how unworthy my opin- 
 ion may be. 
 
 Mr. Norton. Does the gentleman think the Secretary of the In- 
 terior now has power, under the law, to correct the administrative 
 features in the Five Civilized Tribes of which he complained ? 
 Mr. Ferris. Probably most of them could be. 
 Mr. Norton. The gentleman says that the Secretary has that 
 power, but he will not make the correction. 
 Mr. Ferris. Well, I did not say that. 
 
20 FIVE CIVILIZED TEIBES OP INDIANS. 
 
 Mr. Sntdee. I think I can probably straighten this out. As I un- 
 derstood Mr. Hastings, the department is already doing for the dis- 
 trict what this bill requires? 
 
 Mr. Ferris. Only in part. j j. j-i, 
 
 Mr. Snyder. That shows it has some jurisdiction in regard to the 
 things with which you are concerned. . 
 
 Mr. Ferris. Mr. Hastings may be correct, and I may be incorrect, 
 but my own notion of it is that the Secretary of the Interior could, 
 if he had the time to, become conversant with it, and I think he could 
 correct it himself, or at least most of it. 
 
 But let me urge a reason why he could probably never be brought 
 to that point. I think the committee will agree with my statement. 
 Under the Secretary of the Interior is, first, the Pension Bureau, deal- 
 ing with the old soldiers of the country, who need much attention. 
 Under the Secretary of the Interior is also the Patent Office and the 
 United States Land Office, which is dealing with 700,000,000 acres 
 of public land. The forest reserve lands are partly under the Agri- 
 culture Department, but their disposition comes under the Secretary 
 of the Interior. The Land Office also deals with all the water power 
 of the country, which is a very vast subject. 
 
 The Secretary of the Interior also has under him the Bureau of 
 Education, the Geological Survey, the Reclamation Service, and the 
 Bureau of Mines. 
 
 So, you see, gentlemen, it is unreasonable to expect that the great Sec- 
 retary of the Interior who is now in that office, or any other great man 
 who may succeed him, or any of the great men who have preceded 
 him, will or could acquaint himself with all these little matters, and 
 do that detailed work. It is impossible to expect that of the Secre- 
 tary of the Interior, Mr. Norton. 
 
 Mr. Norton. May I interrupt you at this point? 
 
 Mr. Ferris. Certainly. 
 
 Mr. Norton. I can not agree with the gentleman from Oklahoma 
 in that. I can not concede that the Secretary of the Interior has not 
 men under him who would advise him correctly in a matter of this 
 kind ; that he could not receive advice from the Members of the dele- 
 gation from Oklahoma in matters of this kind, which he has within 
 his power to correct. 
 
 Mr. Ferris. I may have failed in my efforts in presenting the mat- 
 ter, but I thought I gave a reason that was at least satisfactory to 
 myself as to why it is impossible to get the Secretary of the Interior, 
 or even the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, to make himself con- 
 versant with all these problems. The reasons seem ample to me, and 
 I do not wonder that things are not more satisfactory than they are. 
 
 There are over 300,000 Indians in the United States, scattered in 
 nearly every State in the Union. There are some in New York, and 
 some even in the District of Columbia, as I learned recently, much to 
 my surprise. You will find Indians in nearly every State in the 
 Union. So it is impossible for the Secretary or the commissioner to 
 take up all these little matters. He has to trust them to somebody, 
 and he trusts them to some clerk in the office who probably draws a 
 salary of $1,500 or $1,800 or $2,500, while down at Muskogee, Okla 
 there is a man appointed by the President and confirmed by the Sen- 
 ate, who is paid the same salary as the Commissioner of Indian 
 Affairs. When this man first went there it was said that he would 
 
FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OF INDIANS. 21 
 
 be given power to do something. As a matter of fact, he has not 
 been given that power. He has really been shorn of most of the 
 power the office once had. This is wrong I feel sure, and unneces- 
 sary as well. 
 
 It is not the person with whom I am infatuated. Mr. Gabe 
 Parker is a delightful young man. He has been here in the Treas- 
 ury Department, and he has been at the head of the schools in 
 Oklahoma. He is a charming young fellow. If he is not strong 
 enough to do the business, somebody ought to appoint a man who 
 is strong enough. I think he is strong enough. I feel sure he is. I 
 merely mention this to show there is no personal interest in the 
 matter at all. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Mr. Parker has been in the Indian Service for 10 or 
 12 years. 
 
 Mr. Ferris. Yes; and he was of their own choosing. He was not 
 foisted upon the department by the Oklahoma Eepresentatives. He 
 was a man of the Indian Department's own choosing. He was 
 not even a candidate for the office when he received it. 
 
 Mr. Norton. I want to say personally I would like to see the whole 
 matter kicked out of Congress and out of the department, and taken 
 in charge by the people of Oklahoma. But they do not seem to 
 want to do that. They want Congress to continue its appropriations 
 and the people not have any jurisdiction down there. 
 
 Mr. Ferris. My friend from North Dakota, with whom I am 
 almost always in accord, I think has wandered away from the path 
 when he talks of too large an appropriation going to Muskogee. In 
 the Five Civilized Tribes there are 101,000 allottees. There are only 
 300,000 in the entire United States. If you take the appropriation 
 they get out of the Federal Treasury and compare it with that re- 
 ceived by any other tribe in the country, unless you except the poor 
 Papagos, or some of the scattered wandering tribes, you will find 
 that the per capita expense is greater nearly everywhere else. Per- 
 haps it should be so. I am not in favor of all the administration 
 that is going on down there. I have never been ; I never will be. It 
 is not my opinion that it elevates a citizen to have some one tagging 
 at his coat tail constantly. A poor boy, who is fortunate enough to 
 have a poor father, of a thrifty, industrious disposition, is more 
 fortunate than one, be he white, red, or black, who is carried along 
 by his boot straps throughout his lifetime. One makes a brave 
 citizen, ready to defend his country in war or in peace, while the 
 other usually becomes a pap sucker and a dependent. 
 
 The CHAiR]vrAN. There are only two classes of property over which 
 the commissioner would have jurisdiction. One is the land allotted 
 to enrolled members of the Five Civilized Tribes, and the other is 
 Indian money. That refers to the land, a good deal of which could 
 be eliminated, if we would put in the word unrestricted enrolled 
 members of the tribe, so that when the Indian who owns a piece of 
 land that has been allotted to him has the restrictions removed it 
 would then give them jurisdiction down there. Otherwise he can 
 not control his own property. Let it remain where it is now. 
 Would that not be fair? 
 
 Mr. Ferris. The chairman may have a correct conception of that. 
 I have not had time to weigh the proposition or to follow him care- 
 fully. 
 
22 FIVE CIVILIZED TEIBES OF INDIANS. 
 
 The Chairman. What does Mr. Hastings say to that? 
 
 Mr. Hastings. The Commissioner of Indian Affairs has now no 
 jurisdiction over any of the unrestricted Indians, and this '^^/'."^^ ^^^ 
 transfer anything. It only transfers the jurisdiction whim ttie 
 commissioner and the Secretary of the Interior have now, and they 
 only have it over unrestricted Indians. 
 
 The Chairman. "Why not write it into the bill? 
 
 Mr. Hastings. That is what the bill says. It just transfers such 
 jurisdiction as they have. It only transfers jurisdiction over the 
 
 Mr. Dempset. If you wrote the word "unrestricted" in there, 
 that would not be effective there at all. 
 
 Mr. Ferris. Of course, this bill would not affect any tribal prop- 
 erty at all. I would not affect their tribal fund. It would only 
 affect the individual Indian. My thought is that, coupled with the 
 ability the Indian himself has, coupled with that and the $5,000 man 
 and all the agents and other men down there, they would be able to 
 properly care for it for them, if they had an opportunity. 
 
 Mr. Murray. An unrestricted Indian is then made an Indian with 
 his lands unrestricted. An unrestricted Indian has no restricted 
 land. But there are restricted individuals who have land unre- 
 stricted. That is the distinction. 
 
 Mr. Ferris. May I add one word, again using Mr. Murray's sug- 
 gestion for another purpose. When Congress admitted our State 
 into the Union, we had a million and a half people in the State, and 
 Congress said that every individual citizen in the State, the Indians 
 of the Five Civilized Tribes, and the western Indians, too, should 
 be full citizens, in all that the term citizenship means. They hold 
 office, they vote, they come to Congress, they become bankers, they 
 become district judges, and they become county prosecutors. They 
 perform every function of a citizen and most of them do it pretty 
 well. 
 
 To do what Mr. Hastings asks you to do is only a fair thing) so 
 far as the property of the people is concerned. It is a fact that the 
 individual Indian looks pretty well after his own property. Let 
 me say to you that all the graft and the bad dealing in Indian mat- 
 ters has not been confined to the private allotments at all. It comes 
 where there is communitj^ property. It is the tribal property that 
 has been the bait for big attorney fees and graft. 
 
 I speak the truth when I say the individual Indian takes pretty 
 good care of what he personally has, and is usually able to defend 
 what he has. The Indian's own intuitiveness, his own initiative, his 
 own native wit enables him pretty well to hold on to his own in- 
 dividual property in a controversy between himself and some one 
 else. But if you will look into the matter, and look up the various 
 persons who are always trying to divest the Indian of his property ,- 
 you find that the property they are trying to get hold of is the 
 community property as distinguished from the individual Indian 
 property. I am sure about that. 
 
 After 15 years of residence there among them, during which time 
 I have practiced law among them, I am sure that is true. I was 
 born within 16 miles of where these people have lived since 1830, and 
 during this time I have known of them intimately. I have known 
 
FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OF INDIANS. 23 
 
 something about them for a long time, and have been intimately in 
 touch -with them for 15 years. 
 
 Some members of the committiee, very properly, I notice have been 
 scrutinizing Mr. Hastings's bill closely. It is proper to do so. Here 
 is an adverse report from the department. It is proper for the com- 
 mittee to know Avhy. The committee will have to have that infor- 
 mation in order to put the bill through the House of Representatives. 
 My one request is that the committee shall not hurriedly sweep aside 
 the matter, but that they shall look into it a little further. I think, 
 perhaps, with a little change here and there something might come 
 out of this that would redound to the credit of the committee, to the 
 credit of the Indian, and redound to the growth and progress of the 
 new State, where there has been such a hard struggle, and where the 
 people have had to pay 5 or 6 per cent in taxes in some parts of 
 the State in order to keep things going. 
 
 Gentlemen of the committee, while we annoy you and the House 
 a good deal, and Oklahoma now seems to some too prominent in 
 Indian affairs, you should remember that that has been a coloniza- 
 tion area for Indians for the last 75 years. They are collected 
 together there, and their problems have to be solved by you. 
 
 So if we have appeared tedious, if we, as a delegation, appear to 
 ask too much of you, I ask you to be just a little considerate and pa- 
 tient with us, because some of this Indian property is not taxable at 
 all; some of it is by statute made nontaxable indefinitely, even after 
 it passes out of the Indian's hand. Some of the great blocks in Mus- 
 kogee can never be taxed, due to laws which have proven unwise. It 
 is a great new State, that was almost a full-grown State when it was 
 admitted into the Union. Our State was entitled to eight Congress- 
 men and had a population of 1,650,000 people when it was admitted. 
 We have nearly half the Indians in the United States in our State, 
 with great interests there, and great problems there to be solved, and 
 I beg the committee to give Mr. Hastings credit for initiating this 
 proposition, which, if it can be enacted by you gentlemen, would do 
 a great deal toward solving these problems. 
 
 The Chairman. Do you not think it would be advisable to turn 
 over the Indians to the State and let the State govern them — let them 
 be supervised by their own State government? 
 
 Mr. Ferris. That presents a problem so gigantic, Mr. Chairman, 
 that any offhand answer I might give you to your questions would 
 not be worth anything. I beg the indulgence of the chairman in not 
 answering that now other than to say that if I had sufficient ability 
 or intelligence to bring before you any vehicle or methods to divide 
 the white Indians from the real Indians I know I would be rendering 
 you good service and the Indians even a greater service. I know I 
 would have rendered the State a great service. I think I am sure 
 when I say good results would flow all around. 
 
 The Chaik3ian. Is it your opinion that the members of the legis- 
 latures of the States who live among the Indians would know much 
 more about how to control the Indians than we who are 2,000 miles 
 away from most of them? 
 
 Mr. Ferris. I think, so far as the full-blood Indians are concerned, 
 that is a national problem, and in as far as that is a national problem, 
 Mr. Chairman, while the answer you expected from me might be in 
 
24 FIVE CIVILIZED TEIBES OF INDIANS. 
 
 the affirmative, I am not ready to give it in the affirmative. ^^[ . ^^™ 
 anxious that somewhere, at some time, in some way, they ■^Y|. ,. . 
 Indians that are not real Indians go their way. It is ^""{^^^^"if^';" 
 have a dozen or more Federal agents at the coat tails ot the -inaidnh 
 all the time, attempting to instruct men who know enough to oe gov- 
 ernors of States, presidents of banks, and district judges; it is tiumili- 
 ating to have a dozen Federal agents trying to teach those people 
 how to spell their names, and it is, in truth, an illogical proposition, 
 and there will be always a rebellious attitude among those people aa 
 long as that system prevails. ii t^ j i 
 
 Mr. Snyder. There is a similar situation so tar as the i^ederal 
 Ijanks are concerned throughout the States, where Indians are not in 
 control. 
 
 (Thereupon, at 12.10 o'clock p. m., the committee adjourned.) 
 
 Committee on Ikdian Affairs, 
 
 House of Representatives, 
 Washington, D. 6'., Friday, March '2^-, 1916. 
 The committee this day met, Hon. John H. Stephens (chairman) 
 presiding. 
 
 The Chairman. The committee will come to order. "We have as 
 unfinished business this morning House bill No. 108, introduced by 
 Mr. Hastings. We have had hearings on the bill and the proponents 
 have spoken. We have set apart to-day for the purpose of hearing 
 the department's views. Mr. Meritt is present this morning, and we 
 will first hear from him, unless there is some one else whom he wishes 
 to represent the Government this morning. 
 
 STATEMENT OF ME. EDGAR B. MERITT, ASSISTANT COMMIS- 
 SIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS. 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Mr. Chairman and gentlemen of the committee, I 
 have been requested to appear before your committee on behalf of 
 the department and the Indian Office in opposition to H. R. 108, 
 known as the " Hastings bill," entitled "A bill to confer upon the 
 Superintendent for the Five Civilized Tribes in Oklahoma the au- 
 thority now conferred by law upon the Commissioner of Indian 
 Affairs and the Secretary of the Interior respecting lands allotted , 
 to the enrolled members of the Five Civilized Tribes and their indi- 
 vidual moneys." 
 
 Before entering upon a discussion of this matter I wish to make it 
 perfectly clear that I have no criticism to make of the author of 
 the bill or any other member of the Oklahoma delegation. I have 
 the pleasure of a personal acquaintance with each Representative 
 and Senator from that State and hold them in the highest esteem. 
 
 Neither do I wish to offer any wholesale criticism of the citizen- 
 ship of Oklahoma in connection with Indian matters. I have trav- 
 eled over a large part of the State of Oklahoma and have met many 
 of its citizens, and I believe that I can say with perfect truth that 
 the citizenship of the State will compare favorably with the citizens 
 c'f any other State of this Union. 
 
 With my position perfectly plain at the outset, that I do not ap- 
 ]oear before your committee to criticize Oklahoma, the Representa- 
 
FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OP INDIANS. 25 
 
 tives of that State in Congress, or the citizenship of the State, I will 
 be glad now to take up for consideration the bill itself, which reads 
 as follows : 
 
 Be it enacted by the Senate and Hoiixe of ReiJicucntatires of the United States 
 of America in Congress assemhled, That the Superiiitendeiit for tlie Five Civi- 
 lized Tribes in Oklahoma shall, after the passage and approval of this act, have 
 and exercise all the authority now conferred by law upon the Commissioner of 
 Indian Affairs and the Secretary of the Interior, or either of them, respecting the 
 lands allotted to the enrolled members of the Five Civilized Tribes in Oklahoma 
 and their individual moneys. 
 
 Sec. 2. That all acts and parts of acts inconsistent with the provisions of this 
 act be, and the same are hereby, repealed. 
 
 The Indian appropriation act of August 1, lOll (38 Stat. L., 598). 
 abolished the office of the Commissioner to the Five Civilized Tribes 
 and the superintendent of the Union Agency, and in lieu thereof the 
 President of the United States was authorized to appoint a superin- 
 tendent for the Five Civilized Tribes. The superintendent author- 
 ized by this law was appointed December 22, 1914. 
 
 You will observe from a careful reading of this bill that it is pro- 
 posed to invest in the Superintendent for the Five Civilized Tribes 
 all the authority now conferred upon the Commissioner of Indian 
 Affairs and the Secretary of the Interior relating to individual Indian 
 matters in the Five Civilized Tribes. It is almost impossible to con- 
 ceive of the vast authority that this bill would place in the hands of 
 one man, who would be absolute in his power and without the right of 
 interested parties to appeal to a higher authority. It should be re- 
 membered that about one-third of the Indians in the United States are 
 located in Oklahoma 
 
 Mr. Carter. That is rather a misleading statement. Are there one- 
 third of the restricted Indians of the United States in Oklahoma ? 
 
 Mr- Meeitt. There are probably between .50,000 and 60,000 re- 
 stricted Indians located in Oklahoma. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Of the Five Civilized Tribes 'i 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. There are about 35,000 Indians who are restricted 
 Indians among the Yi\Q Civilized Tribes. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Yes; not more than that under this jurisdiction. 
 
 The Chairman. As a matter of fact, this bill only touches the Five 
 Civilized Tribes, does it not? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir. I was going to bring that out a little 
 later on. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. May I make one observation at this point? My 
 recollection is that your report shows that there are 37,000 restricted 
 Indians, all of whom are allottees. Is it not a fact that the records 
 will show that of this 37,000 you have removed the restrictions from 
 about 8,000, and about one-third of the remainder are dead, so that 
 the restricted class would be less than 25,000 at this time; that is, 
 the living restricted class ? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. Somewhere in the neighborhood of 25,000. Our rec- 
 ords show that there are between 32,000 and 33,000 Indians in Okla- 
 homa in the Five Civilized Tribes, who have not had their restric- 
 tions removed. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. Do the records show that many living; that is 
 what I am after ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. I would have to look at the records to get that in- 
 formation. 
 
26 FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OF INDIANS. 
 
 The Chairman. Let me suggest that Mr. Meritt be permitted to go 
 on with his statement, and after he has concluded anyone who desires 
 to do so may ask him questions. , , 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. I would appreciate that. It should be remembered 
 that about one-third of the Indians in the United States are located 
 in Oklahoma; that there are enrolled in the Five Civilized inbes 
 101,521 citizens, 26,789 of whom are full-blood Indians, and that 
 there are about 33,000 restricted Indians at this time among the 
 Five Civilized Tribes. 
 
 Lands have been allotted to the enrolled members of the Five 
 Civiliited Tribes as follows: 
 
 To 3,119 Seminoles an average of 120 acres, 40 acres being a 
 homestead and nontaxable in perpetuity. 
 
 To 18,712 Creeks, 160 acres each, 40 acres being a homestead and 
 nontaxable and inalienable for 21 years from date of patent. 
 
 To 40,196 Cherokees, an average of 110 acres each, 40 acres being 
 a homestead and nontaxable while held by the original allottee. 
 
 To 27,021 Choctaws and Chickasaws, not including freedmen, an 
 average of 320 acres each, of which 160 acres was designated as a 
 homestead. 
 
 To 10,657 Choctaw and Chickasaw Freedmen, land equal in value 
 to 40 acres of the average allottable land. 
 
 Under the Choctaw and Chickasaw agreements all land is non- 
 taxable while the title remains in the original allottee, not exceeding 
 21 years from date of patent. 
 
 Under the provisions of the act of Congress approved April 21, 
 1904, all lands of allottees not of Indian blood, except as to minors 
 and homesteads, were made free from all restrictions, and the act 
 of Congress of May 27, 1908 (35 Stats. L., 312), provided that all 
 lands allotted, including homesteads of allottees having less than 
 one-half blood, including minors, shall be free from all restrictions, 
 and that all lands, except homesteads, of those having one-half or 
 more than one-half and less than three-quarters Indian blood, as 
 shown by the enrollment records, shall be free from all restrictions, 
 and the restrictions on land allotted to all other enrolled Indians, 
 including minors, may be removed wholly or in part by the Secretary 
 of the Interior. Since the approval of these acts the restrictions 
 have been removed from approximately 12,500,000 acres of land by 
 operation of law and by the Secretary of the Interior. 
 
 Mr. Miller. How does it come about that the Indians disposed of 
 the land? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. The act of May 27, 1908, removed the restrictions on 
 these lands, and they were at liberty to .sell their lands without any 
 legal objections by anyone. 
 
 Mr. Miller. Could not the Department of the Interior object? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Xo, sir ; because the jurisdiction of the Interior De- 
 partment no longer prevailed after the passage of that act. 
 
 Mr. Cartek. The act removed the restrictions on all lands of those 
 Indians of less than half Indian blood. 
 
 M)-. Miller. Oh, I understand. 
 ' Mr. Meritt. The act of May 27, 1908, removed the restrictions on 
 more than 10.000,000 acres of land. There were originally belonging 
 to the Five Civilized Tribes 19,525,266 acres, which were classified 
 
FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OF INDIANS. 27 
 
 and appraised by 40-acre tracts. It will be seen that restrictions 
 have been removed from practically two-thirds of the enrolled mem- 
 bers of the Five Civilized Tribes." It is estimated that 90 per cent 
 of the enrolled members of the Five Civilized Tribes who had their 
 restrictions removed by legislation are to-day without any lands 
 whatever. In other words, more than 50 per cent of the membership 
 of the Five Civilized Tribes have, within the last 10 years, passed 
 from landlords to tenants. In view of the great loss of property 
 which has i-esulted to those members who have had their restrictions 
 removed by legislative enactment, it is clearly the duty of the de- 
 partment to see that every precaution is taken to protect the prop- 
 erty rights of the 35,000 Indians, most of Avhom are full bloods, 
 whose restrictions have not yet been removed. Some of these re- 
 stricted Indians have oil allotments valued at hundreds of thousands 
 of dollars. The records show that there was an oil production on 
 Indian lands of the Five Civilized Tribes last year amounting to 
 27,098,994 barrels and royalty interest paid thereon to Indians 
 amounting to $1,537,727. Revenue derived from agricultural and 
 nonproducing leases approved by the department during the last 
 fiscal year amounted to $354,571. These restricted Indians owned 
 on June 30, 1915, 3,318,370 acres of land. There are deposited to the 
 credit of restricted Indians approximately $5,000,000, accruing from 
 rent s, royalties, and the sale of lan ds. _^ ^.^.^ 
 
 Tt^is strongly believed by tbc~Indian Office and the department 
 that no man, no matter how honest he may be, can safely undertake 
 the_sole management of such a Aast and valuable estate. The officer 
 who institutes administrative action is not always the most com- 
 petent one to review such action for final decision. His view is 
 often too restricted and his perspective is too limited. It is believed 
 that no Indian or citizen should be deprived of the right of appeal 
 or review respecting action by a local official involving property 
 rights worth thousands of dollars. 
 
 Mr. Carter. I noticed that there were some questions asked you 
 in the Senate. Do you think that the President should pass on a 
 thing of that kind, or that an act of Congress should be passed? 
 How was it that it was overlooked? How is it that it was not 
 thought necessary to have the President review the applications, 
 and that congressional action was not made necessary ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Mr. Carter, I believe that your question answers 
 itself. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Well, do you really and seriously think it is necessary 
 for the Secretary to pass on these things ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Mr. Carter, may I reply to your question after I have 
 completed the statement I desire to make? 
 
 Mr. Carter. Why, yes. I am afraid, however, that I may over- 
 look something. 
 
 Mr. Meritt. If the Hastings bill should be passed as mtroduced, 
 it will vest in the Superintendent for the Five Civilized Tribes more 
 authority than the Commissioner of Indian Affairs now has over 
 those matters, because his action is now subject to review by the 
 Secretary of the Interior. 
 
 The local associations — personal, social, and political— would se- 
 riouslv embarrass the superintendent for the Five Civilized Tribes, 
 
28 FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OF INDIANS. 
 
 and might deprive him of that independence absolutely necessary to 
 withstand local pressure. , , 
 
 In a report of November 3, 1915, in regard to the money belong- 
 ing to restricted Indians, the Superintendent for the Five Civilized 
 Tribes, Mr. Parker, said : 
 
 There Is every pressure imaginable, not only from tliose who desire to sepa- 
 rate the Indian from his monev, but, in many cases, from Indians themselves, 
 brought to bear upon me to purchase various and sundry things with Indian 
 moneys, or to malce loans on all kinds and classes of security, and even to pay 
 out the money without restriction thereon whatever, to individuals, guardians, 
 administrators, and in every other conceivable way possible, to get the money 
 out of the hands of the department. 
 
 There is abundant evidence in the files of the Indian Office and the 
 department showing clearly that the local official who institutes a,d- 
 ministrative action should not be the final arbiter, but that his official 
 recommendations and acts should be reviewed by a higher authority. 
 
 Referring to local pressure and the feeling regarding Indian 
 matters, attention is invited to the language of the Supreme Court 
 in the case of United States v. Kagama (188 U. S., 375, 383), wherein 
 the court said 
 
 The Chairman. What is the date of that decision of the Supreme 
 Court? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. It is 188 United States. 
 
 The Chairman. What is the date of it? 
 
 Mr. Carter. 1883, I think. 
 
 Mr. Meritt. The Supreme Court in that case said : 
 
 These Indian tribes are the wards of the Nation. They are communities 
 dependent on tho United States. Dependent largely for their daily food. De- 
 pendent for their political rights. They owe no allegiance to the States and 
 receive from them no protection. Because of the local ill feeling the people 
 of the States where they are found are often their deadliest enemies. From 
 their very wealvuess and helplessness, so largely due to the course of dealing 
 of the Federal Government with them and the treaties in which it has been 
 promised, there arises the duty of protection and with it the power. 
 
 Because of the fact that there is such a large percentage of the 
 Indians of the country living in Oklahoma, and there is within that 
 State such an immense area of land that is not taxable under exist- 
 ing law, the pressure to remove restrictions and sell Indian lancl in 
 order to make the property taxable is very great indeed. 
 
 If the Hastings bill were enacted it would be possible for the 
 superintendent for the Five Civilized Tribes within a few months 
 to remove restrictions on all the lands of the full-blood Indians in 
 the Five Civilized Tribes. I am not contending that such action is 
 probable, but it would be possible under the proposed legislation. 
 
 Before this committee takes action on the Hastings bill it is sug- 
 gested by the Indian Office that the members of the committee read 
 with care the speech of Hon. Charles H. Burke, of South Dakota, 
 on the Mott report, relative to Indian guardianships in the probate 
 courts of Oklahoma, which was delivered in the House of Repre- 
 sentatives on December 13, 1912. That speech and report show 
 what may be expected when local officials are vested with final au- 
 thority relating to property rights of Indians. The Indian Office 
 and the department have already invested the superintendent for 
 the Five Civilized Tribes with immense authority. 
 
FIVE CIVILIZED TEIBES OF INDIANS. 29 
 
 Mr. Hastings. You say that if the Hastings bill were enacted it 
 would be possible for the superintendent for the Five Civilized 
 Tribes to remove restrictions on all the lands of the full-blood In- 
 dians in a few months. 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. Is not that possible now? Is it not possible for 
 the Secretary of the Interior to do that now ? 
 
 The Chairman. Let Mr. Meritt finish his statement first. You 
 gentlemen can take notes as we go along and then ask these ques- 
 tions later on. 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Only recently Secretary Lane issued an order au- 
 thorizing the superintendent for the Five Civilized Tribes to ap- 
 prove agricultural leases in his name. 
 
 Mr. Carter. When Avas that done? That was since the Hastings 
 bill was introduced, was it not ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir; I think it was. 
 
 The objections heretofore made regarding this mattei' of agricul- 
 tural leases no longer obtain. Very liberal authority has also been 
 given the superintendent regarding the handling of individual In- 
 dian moneys. Under the regulations now existing he has broad and 
 liberal authority to handle the funds of individual Indians for per- 
 manent improvements on Indian allotments, and other needs of the 
 Indians. 
 
 Mr. KoNOP. I would like to ask a few questions just at this point. 
 
 The Chairman. I have ruled otherwise. It is understood that 
 Mr. Meritt is to finish his statement, and .then you may ask ques- 
 tions. 
 
 Mr. KoNOP. Did you rule otherwise before I came in ? 
 
 The Chairman. Yes; I suppose so. 
 
 Mr. Meritt. I believe there should be the most liberal policy pur- 
 sued regarding the winding up of the tribal affairs of the Five 
 Civilized Tribes, and that those affairs should be closed up at the 
 earliest possible date. We have recently sold for the Choctaw and 
 Chickasaw Nations 124,895 acres of unallotted tribal lands, includ- 
 ing the surface of segregated coal and asphalt lands, receiving there- 
 for $906,544.58. It is expected that the remaining unallotted tribal 
 lands, including the timber reserve in the Choctaw Nation, will be 
 disposed of this year. We are also in favor of making such a dispo- 
 sition of the reserve coal and asphalt so that each Indian may re- 
 ceive his pro rata share of the proceeds thereof. We have also recom- 
 mended large per capita payments in the Choctaw, Chickasaw, and 
 Seminole Nations, and it is expected that as soon as the Indian ap- 
 propriation bill has passed there will be distributed approximately 
 $8,400,000 to the enrolled members of those nations. I believe that 
 every competent Indian in the Five Civilized Tribes should receive 
 his pro rata share of the tribal funds and that the money should be 
 deposited to the individual credit of the incompetent Indians for 
 their use and benefit. 
 
 The thought has been brought out that this proposed legislation 
 in the Indian bill is a natural sequence to the act of August 1, 1914, 
 which consolidated the offices of the Union Agency and the Commis- 
 sioner to the Five Civilized Tribes. The hearings before the Senate 
 Committee on Indian Affairs upon the Indian appropriation bill 
 
30 FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OF INDIANS. 
 
 will show clearly that the Indian Office and the department were in 
 favor of the legislation consolidating those offices. That recom- 
 mendation was made, however, without any idea that subsequently 
 legislation such as is proposed in the Hastings bill would be urged 
 upon Congress. It is now my personal belief that a imstake was 
 made in that legislation in so far as it made the office of the superin- 
 tendent for the Five Civilized Tribes a political one. That official 
 may be changed every time there is a change of administration of 
 the Federal Government. In my judgment, the superintendent for 
 the Five Civilized Tribes should be a civil-service employee. The 
 responsibilities of that office are so great and the complications so 
 many, and with the multiplicity of laws and regulations applicable, 
 the man to fill that office successfully should be a trained official and 
 his term of office should not be limited to the political ascendency of 
 any party. There can not be a successful administration of Indian 
 affairs if we are to have a constant change in administrative officials. 
 Reference has been made to the long delays in the Indian Office 
 and the department in handling Five Civilized Tribes matters, espe- 
 cially oil and gas mining leases and the removal of restrictions. In 
 the hearing of February 23, 1916, before the Senate Committee on 
 Indian Affairs on the Indian appropriation bill, in discussing oil 
 and gas mining leases and removal of restrictions, as shown on page 
 ' 238 of the hearings, it was said, in part : 
 
 Mr. Mekitt. Under existing. law tlie Secretary of tlie Interior Is required to 
 approve oil and gas mining leases and the removal of restrictions. The super- 
 intendent gets an application from the Indian that his restrictions be re- 
 moved ; that is passed on by" the field agent, and Supt. Parker submits it with 
 his report to the Indian Office. When that is receii ed in the Indian Office 
 it goes directly from the mailing room to the clerk who handles the removal-of- 
 restriction cases. That paper then comes to my desk and goes from my desk 
 direct to Secretary Sweeney. Secretary Sweeney passes on that case directly, 
 without referring it to the clerk in the Interior Department. 
 
 Senator Owen. Do you make any report on it? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. I make a recommendation. 
 
 Senator Owen. Based on the report of your clerk? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. Based on the report of the clerk and the report and recommenda- 
 tion of the superintendent. The same method is adopted in connection with 
 the oil leases, and I believe that Supt. Parker, who is here, will bear me out 
 that where there are no complications those removal-of-restriction cases and 
 the approval of oil leases are back in his office within 15 days from the date 
 they are sent here by Supt. Parker. Is that the case, Mr. Parker? 
 
 Mr. Parkbe. Yes, sir. 
 
 Certainly a delay of 10 or 15 days, in order that there might be a 
 review of important cases, is no serious inconvenience to the Indians 
 of the Five Civilized Tribes or the citizens of Oklahoma. I would 
 see no serious objection to authorizing the superintendent for the 
 Five Civilized Tribes to approve oil and gas mining leases in the 
 name of the Secretary of the Interior where there were no con- 
 flicts or contests, but I believe it would be unwise to permit him to 
 be the final arbiter in contested lease cases, some of which involve 
 property rights worth as much as a quarter of a million dollars. We 
 believe it also unwise to vest authority in the superintendent for the 
 Five Civilized Tribes to remove restrictions on the lands of Indians. 
 
 We need in Indian administration checks and balances, the same 
 as we find them necessary in other departments and branches of our 
 Government. Only recently the office found it necessary to overrule 
 a decision of Supt. Parker in an oil and gas mining 'lease contest 
 
FIVE CIVILIZED TBIBES OF INDIANS. 31 
 
 case, involving property rights worth thousands of dollars, and the 
 action of the office in that case was approved by the department. 
 
 Supt. Parker entered the Indian service in 1899 as assistant and 
 principal teacher, and from 1900 to 1904 was principal teacher at the 
 Armstrong Academy and received a salary of $100 per month. From 
 1905 to 1913 he was superintendent of the Armstrong Academy at a 
 salary of $1,500 a year. He was then appointed Register of the 
 Treasury, which position he held until January 1, 1915, when he 
 assumed the duties of his present position as superintendent for the 
 Five Civilized Tribes. Mr. Parker is not a lawyer and has not had 
 any large experience in handling administrative problems requiring 
 knowledge of legal matters. 
 
 We have in the Indian Office and the Interior Department trained 
 lawyers who have devoted years of study and work in connection 
 with Five Civilized Tribes matters. The various laws and treaties 
 and the many court decisions in connection with Five Civilized Tribes 
 matters require men of large experience and training to properly 
 interpret these laws and treaties and to apply them to the various 
 complicated questions of property rights that are constantly arising 
 in the Five Civilized Tribes. 
 
 It is believed that the enactment of the Hastings bill would not 
 only be exceedingly unwise, but that it would be also exceedingly 
 dangerous to the interests of the restricted Indians of the Five Civi- 
 lized Tribes and the proper protection of their property. These 
 Indians are the wards of the Government, and it is the duty of the 
 Federal Government to see that they receive every protection that is 
 necessary to safeguard their interests. 
 
 If legislation must be enacted regarding the subject, it should 
 permit the Secretary of the Interior to designate an assistant secre- 
 tary, to be located in Oklahoma, to supervise the afiFairs of the Five 
 Civilized Tribes and the final actions of the Superintendent for the 
 Five Civilized Tribes, and this official should be under civil service 
 and not subject to change because of politics. Instead of enacting the 
 Hastings bill, we believe that Congress should enact legislation along 
 the following lines : 
 
 FIVE CIMLIZED TRIBES, OKLAHOMA. 
 
 No farming or grazing lease of restricted allotted lands of the Five Civilized 
 Tribes, or any deed or mortgage or other instrument afCecting or intended to 
 affect the title of such lands, or any will devising or bequeathing such lands or 
 any funds or other property held in trust for restricted Indians, shall be valid 
 or of any force or effect as to the interest of any allottee, heir, or devisee of 
 half or more Indian blood, unless approved by the Superintendent for the Five 
 Civilized Tribes or his successor in authority under rules and regulations pre- 
 scribed by the Secretary of the Interior : Provided, That where the allottee has 
 died the status of the land with respect to alienation shall be deemed the same 
 as of the date of his death, and the age and degree of Indian blood of any Indian 
 who may be a party in interest shall be determined by the approved rolls and 
 enrollment records of the Five Civilized Tribes if his name appears thereon 
 as a duly enrolled citizen: Provided further, That this provision shall not be 
 construed to affect the power of the Secretary of the Interior to remove restric- 
 tions or the powers of the State courts of Olslahoma heretofore conferred by law. 
 
 INHERITED LANDS. 
 
 Section 9 Of the act of May 27, 1908 (35 Stat. L., 312), provides that the 
 death of any allottee of the Five Civilized Tribes shall operate to remove 
 restrictions from the alienation of such allottee's land. The act provides. 
 
32 FIVE CIVILIZED TEIBES OF INDIANS. 
 
 however, that the conveyance of an interest of a full-blood heir in such lantl 
 shall not be valid unless approved by the court having jurisdiction over the 
 settlement of the estate of such deceased allottee. The department has no 
 jurisdiction over the sale of inherited lands by restricted Indians. A great 
 many of these restricted Indians are wholly incompetent to transact business 
 of any considerable consequence. Many complaints are received from heirs 
 against their grantees on account of inadequate considerations and practices 
 of fraud. One method used by the land grafter to secure an heir's signature to 
 a deed is to ofCer him a large consideration but to pay him only $10 or $15 
 upon the executidu of the deed. The Indian's execution is secured with 
 the understandins that title will not be conveyed until the deed is made 
 of record and the instrument is recorded and the balance of the consideration 
 promised has been paid. After the deed has been recorded the grantee refuses 
 to pay the balance agreed and the Indian comes to the Government for relief, 
 which is more often than not impossible to secure. The Government is thus 
 placed in a peculiar and anomalous position, in that, while the restricted In- 
 dian must look to it for relief and assistance, still in such cases the Govern- 
 ment is helpless. 
 
 Many Instances might be cited. However, (jnly two in point are submitted : 
 Sophia Robert, nee Cash, full-blood Choctaw Indian, Roll No. 2872, sole 
 heir of Wallace Cash to inherited allotted land lying in the Healdton oil field, 
 valued conservatively at upward of $1.50,000, executed a deed upon the ap- 
 proval of the county court for a consideration of $1,250. Suit was instituted 
 in the United States court to have this conveyance set aside, but the success of 
 the Government was prevented by the execution of a second deed by the heir 
 for a consideration of .'510,000, of which she received but $5,000, the balance 
 being paid to her attorney. 
 
 Louisa Wesley, sole heir of Rayson Wesley, deceased, was induced to sell her 
 interest In the oil production accruing from the allotment of the latter for a 
 consideration of $90 per month, covering a period of 10 years ; thus the aggre- 
 gate which she will receive will be $10,800. The property thus disposed of was 
 worth, at a conservative estimate, not less than $100,000. Taking the position 
 that it was not the county judge's duty to see that the Indian secured the full 
 value of the land, but rather that his functions in the transaction corresponded 
 to those of a notary public, suit is contemplated in the United States court 
 to have this conveyance set aside. .Proceedings are also pending in the State 
 courts at this time having the same object in view. In such cases the Govern- 
 ment can not protect the incompetent Indian against himself or against the 
 machinations of unscrupulous and designing speculators. If such practices 
 are persisted in in inherited-land cases, the next generation will be thoroughly 
 pauperized and degraded. 
 
 SALE OF INHKEITED LAXD A?sl) REMOVAL OF KESTRICTIONS. 
 
 Section 9 of the act of May 27. 1908, authorizes: 
 
 ■' That the death of any allottee of the BMve Civilized Tribes shall operate to 
 remove all restrictions upon the alienation of said allottee's land : Provided, 
 That no conveyance of any interest of any full-blood Indian heir in such land 
 shall be valid unless approved liy the court having jurisdiction of the settlement 
 of the estate of said deceased allottee : Provided further, That If any member of 
 the Five Civilized Tribes of one-half or more Indian blood shall die leaving issue 
 surviving, born since March 4, 1906, the homestead of such deceased allottee 
 shall remain inalienable, unless restrictions against alienation are removed 
 therefrom by the Secretary of the Interior in the manner provided in section 1 
 hereof, for the use an<l support of such issue, during their life or lives, until 
 April 26, 1931; but if no such issue survive, then such allottee, if an adult, may 
 dispose of his homestead by will free from all restrictions ; if this be not done, 
 or in the event the issue liereinbefore provided for die before April 26, 1931, 
 the land shall then descend to the heirs, according to the laws of descent and 
 distribution of the State of Oklahoma, free from all restrictions: Provided 
 further. That the pi'ovisions of section 23 of the act of April 26, 1906, as 
 amended by this act, are hereby made applicable to all wills executed under 
 this section." 
 
 AGKICULTX-KAL LEASES. 
 
 Section 2 of the ad (jf May 27, 1908 (S~> Stat. L., 312), authorizes restricted 
 Indians of the Five Civilized Tribes to lease their homestead allotments for one 
 
FIVE CIVILIZED TEIBES OF INDIANS. 33 
 
 year, and their surplus allotmeuts for five years, for agricultural and grazing 
 purposes on their own initiative without the approval of the department. Few 
 departmental leases, therefore, are executed. 
 
 This law has resulted in pauperizing restricted Indians in eastern Oklahoma, 
 and reducing them to indolence and destitution probably to a greater extent 
 than all other conditions and influences combined. The department is handi- 
 capped and unable in a very large majority of cases to secure substantial and 
 permanent results from its efforts to induce these Indians to live upon their 
 lands and cultivate them themselves. For example, restrictions may be removed 
 from part of the allotment for the purpose of improving the remaining part. 
 Either before the remaining part is improved or during its improvement or 
 soon thereafter, the Indian is induced to execute a commercial agricultural 
 lease, thereby divesting himself of the possession of his land and home, gen- 
 erally for an wholly inadequate consideration, and moves away to live upon 
 his friends, leaving the department helpless to perform Its duty. By over- 
 lapping or continuing leases the law is evaded and the system is continued. 
 
 Many cases in point might be cited, but the case of Agnes Nelson, nee Wade, 
 a full-blood Chocta^v, roll No. 5361, only is submitted. 
 
 She dresses as neatly as a white woman of her station and is well above the 
 average full blood in appearance and intelligence. Her surplus allotment was 
 sold in May, 1914, for $2,281, in order that her homestead might be improved. 
 
 Our investigation of this case disclosed the allottee and her six minor chil- 
 dren entirely without funds, living with charitable friends who were kind 
 enough to take them in. Several weeks prior to letting the contract for the 
 erection of a house jon her homestead she and her children were camping on a 
 portion of the homestead, having nothing to shelter them from the elements 
 than an old canvas wagon cover erected on poles, making a sort of tent without 
 sides. Here, in the cold and rain in October and November, they lived, or 
 rather existed, until the house was completed ; with a few old pots and pans 
 as cooking utensils, and with some dirty, ragged articles of bedding to sleep 
 upon. When the house was finished It was furnished for her at a cost of 
 $112.60 ; a well was dug at a cost of $54.98 ; and the land was fenced at a 
 cost of $112.50 for labor and $104 for fencing material ; a team, wagon, and 
 harness were purchased for $385. 
 
 After the land was fenced it was proposed to clear and put in cultivation a 
 portion of it. Before doing this it occurred to us that the records should be 
 examined to ascertain the condition of the title. This examination, to our 
 chagrin, disclosed five different leases, executed by her, covering her home- 
 stead, each "for the year 1915. This condition made us and her trespassers 
 npon the land, and we could do nothing else but stop the improvements, leav- 
 ing this Indian woman and her minor children to the mercy of the lessee, 
 charity, or the elements of nature. 
 
 In addition to the foregoing, the execution of such commercial leases oper- 
 ates to restrict and obstruct proposed sales of allotted lands. The lessees 
 make a practice of acquiring such leases in order to control or prevent sales, 
 and the good intentions of the department are often frustrated and blocked 
 when sales are attempted, the lessee being in a position to control or prevent 
 the sale, and in practice exercise such obstructing methods with the view of 
 being in possession at the death of the allottee in order that he may purchase 
 the land at a nominal consideration. 
 
 Section 2 of the act approved May 27, 1908, authorizes: 
 
 "That all lands, other than homesteads, allotted to members of the Five 
 Civilized Tribes from which restrictions have not been removed may be leased 
 by the allottee if an adult, or by guardian or curator under order of the 
 proper probate court if a minor or incompetent, for a period not to exceed 
 five years, without the privilege of renewal : Provided, That leases of restricted 
 lands for oil, gas, or other mining purposes, leases of restricted homesteads for 
 more than one year, and leases of restricted lands for periods of more than 
 five years, may be made, with the approval of the Secretary of the Interior, 
 under rules and regulations provided by the Secretary of the Interior, and not 
 otherwise: And provided further. That the jurisdiction of the probate courts 
 of -the State of Oklahoma over lands of minors and Incompetents shall be sub- 
 ject to the foregoing provisions, and the term minor or minors, as used in this 
 act, shall include all males under the age of twenty-one years and all females 
 under the age of eighteen years." 
 
 38147—16 3 
 
34 FIVE CIVILIZED TBIBES OF INDIANS. 
 
 WirXS OF INDIANS IN THE FIVE CIVILIZED TEIBES. 
 
 Section 23 of the act of April 26, 1906, authorizes that : 
 
 "Every person of lawful age and sound mind may by last will ana testa- 
 ment devise and bequeath all of his estate, real and personal, and all interest 
 therein: Provided Theit no will of a full-blood I^li^n devising real estate 
 shall be valid, if such last will and testament c^isuiherits the parent, wife, 
 spouse, or children of such full-blood Indian, unless acknowledged before and 
 approved by a judge of the United States court for the Indian lerritory, or a 
 United States commissioner." 
 
 Section 8 of the act of Jlav 27, 1908, amendment thereto : ■ , ^ ^^ 
 
 "That section twentv-three of an act entitled 'An act to provide for the 
 final disposition of the affairs of the Five Civilized O^ribes in the Indian Ter- 
 ritory, and for other purposes,' approved April twenty-sixth, nineteen hundred 
 and six, is hereby amended by adding at the end of said section, the words ' or 
 a judge of a county court of the State of Oklahoma.' " 
 
 Section 23 of the act of April 26, 1906 (34 Stat. L., 137), authorizes a restricted 
 Indian to devise and bequeath his restricted land or money by will and testa- 
 ment, and was amended by section 8 of the act of May 27, 1908 (35 Stat. L., 
 312), by the addition of the following words : "or a, judge of the county court of 
 the State of Oklahoma," so that a full blood may not dLsinherit a parent, wife, 
 spouse, or child without the approval of the will. 
 
 There appears no good reason why an Indian incompetent to transmit his 
 affairs during his lifetime should be considered competent to dispose of his 
 property at his demise. The history of wills executed in eastern Oklahoma by 
 restricted Indians discloses that in practically all cases the property is disposed 
 of unwisely and to the detriment of some member or members of the decedent's 
 family. 
 
 Many causes could be cited, but the following only is submitted : 
 
 William Boiinson: On October 30, 1915, this full-blood Choctaw Indian, roll 
 No. 13348, died in Choctaw County. Three days thereafter an instrument in 
 writing, purporting to be the last will and testament of William Robinson, de- 
 ceased, was filed in the county court under the terms of which V. Bronough, in 
 no sense related to the decedent, was to receive the entire allotment, worth 
 $4,100, upon the payment to the executor of the will of $1,050. • After a long 
 hearing and examination of witnesses, said purported will was admitted to pro- 
 bate in the county court. 
 
 If this proposed legislation be enacted it "would result in great bene- 
 fit to the Indians of the Five Civilized Tribes. 
 
 In connection with the Hastings bill, I wish to invite particular 
 attention to the report of Secretary Lane, recommending that it be 
 not enacted. The report reads as follows: 
 
 Depabtment of the Ijiteeiok, 
 Washington, February 23, 1916. 
 
 My Deab Me. Stephens : I am in receipt of your letter of January 13, 1916, 
 transmitting, with request for report thereon, H. R. 108, entitled — 
 
 " A bill to confer upon the superintendent for the Five Civilized Tribes in 
 Oklahoma the authority now conferred by law upon the Commissioner of In- 
 dian Affairs and the Secretary of the Interior respecting lands allotted to the 
 enrolled members of the Five Civilized Tribes and their individual moneys." 
 
 The annual report of the superintendent for the Five Civilized Tribes for 
 the year ending June 30, 1915, shows that lands have been allotted to Indians 
 of the Five Civilized Tribes in 40 counties of the State of Oklahoma, covering 
 an area of 19,525,966 acres; that there have been enrolled 101,521 members, 
 which comprises approximately one-third of the Indian population of the 
 United States. By virtue of acts of Congress restrictions have been removed 
 in a large number of cases, so that on June 30, 1915, there were 32 540 re- 
 stricted Indians of the Five Civilized Tribes. They had 3,318 370 acres of re- 
 stricted lands under the immediate supervision of the superintendent There 
 are oil lands of Incalculable value in the Creek, Chickasaw, and Seminole 
 Nations, which last year produced 27,098,994.02 gross barrels of oil in which 
 the royalty interest of the Indian allottees amounted to $1,537 727 47 An 
 
FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OF INDIANS. 35 
 
 amnial rin-emie of .$354,^1.70 was dwived frdin ii^ricullni-al luitl oil-prDiUicing 
 leases approved by this department. 
 
 The vastness of the estate that Is being administered is apparent from tlie 
 foregoing facts. 
 
 The passage of tlie proposed legislation would, among otlier powers, place 
 in the hands of the superintendent for the Five Civilized Tribes all leasing 
 for oil and gas mining purposes, all removal of restrictions, all investments of 
 individual Indian funds, and the settlement of innumerable quostio'ss of policy- 
 arising out of these matters. 
 
 By the act of June "O, i;s:i4 (4 Stat. L., TH-")), the Itepartmeat of Indian 
 Affairs was established, witli a Conunissioner of Indian Affairs as its innnedi- 
 ate executive liead and with supervision and appellate powers vested in the 
 Secretary of War. See also iict of July 9, IS.'W (4 Stat. L., 564). By the act 
 of March 3, 1S49 (9 Stat. L., 39.j), establishing the Interior Depai'tment, the 
 supervisory and appellate powers previously exercised by tlie Secretary of War 
 with relatirai to all acts of the Conunissioner of Indian Affairs were trans- 
 feri-ed to the Seci-etary of the Interior, and the Indian Office was placed under 
 the newly created department. 
 
 Section 463 of the Revised Statutes of the Tnited States reads: 
 
 " The Commissioner of Indian Affairs shall, under the direction of the Secre- 
 tary of the Interior, and agreeably to such regulations as the President may 
 prescribe, have the management of all Indian affairs, and of all matters arising 
 out of Indian relations." , ,. v. , 
 
 The above enactments are of long standing, evidencing a well-established 
 governmental polic\-, applicable to the dealings of the Federal Government with 
 Its wards. Justice Holmes, in delivering the opinion of the court in West v. 
 Hitchcock (205 U. S., SO), said: 
 
 " The Department of the Interior generally has been the custodian of Indian 
 
 The re»-ulatioii of commerce with Indian tribes is a Federal obligation, the 
 executive functions resting primarily upon the President. In the performance 
 of many of his duties arising out of Indian affairs, as in other matters he acts 
 through an appropriate department of the Government and through the chief 
 officers charged with the immediate supervision of the affairs of that depart- 
 ment (Wilcox r. Jackson, 13 Pet., 498.) . 
 
 (?ne of the chief reasons for placing the conti..l of ^^'^^'f^^^ff^^.^X^^^ 
 National Government was the local prejudice of people of the 'various States 
 against the Indians. In ^Peaking thereof the Supreme Court m the celebrated 
 case of United States v. Kagama (118 U. S. 375, 6b6), saia . 
 
 ''The^eincllan tribes are the wards of the Nation. They are communities 
 dependent on the United States. Dependent largely for their daily food^ De^ 
 npmlPnt for their nolitical rights. They owe no allegiance to the States, and 
 
 ence is necessary to t^f,/fP°™,^.,,^"i;ith litigation. Transference of jurisdic- 
 departments^ ffeTs^ebf accompanied 4ith confusion, delay, and uncertainty 
 tion would, I feel sure, oe accompa records and papers. If sole super- 
 
 m obtaining information contained in sucn rec"^""^ Civilized Tribes in the 
 Vision were granted to the supenntendent of the Five cm ^^ ^^^^^^^^ ^^^. 
 
36 FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OF IN^DIAjSiS. 
 
 Mr. Gabe E. Parker, the present superinteudeut of the Five Civilized Tribes, 
 in his report of November 3, 1915, concerning the protest and pressure brought 
 to bear upon Thomas Long, a full-blood Creek Indian, to induce him to Invest 
 his accrued oil royalties (of which he had to his credit $60,000) in the purchase 
 of certain land near Muskogee, Okla., said : 
 
 "There is every pressure imaginable, not only from those who desire to 
 separate the Indian from his money, but in many cases from Indians them- 
 selves, brought to bear upon me to purchase various and sundry things with 
 Indian moneys or to make loans on all kinds and classes of security, and even 
 to pay out the money without restrictions thereon whatever, to individuals, 
 guardians, administrators, and every other conceivable way possi))le, to get the 
 money out of the hands of the department." 
 
 This is but an Illustration of a situation. My experience leads me to the 
 conclusion that to liestow such jwwer as is projjosed in this bill upon a field- 
 official would place in serious hazard the moneys, the properties, and the wel- 
 fare of our Indian wards. There is abundant evidence in the recoi'ds of this 
 department to make nw feel that this would be a most perilous step. As condi- 
 tions are now the superintendent of the Five Civilized Tribes is under the con- 
 stant check of this department, and the very fact that the disposition of these 
 great properties, while primarily passed upon by him, are subject to supervision 
 by an authority that is removed from local influence, gives him a sti-ength 
 which otherwise he could not have. We have millions of dollars of Individual 
 Indian money on deposit in the banks of Oklahoma, and tens of millions of 
 dollars of property that is under our care, control of which, in my judg- 
 ment, should not be vested in the discretion of a single individual, no matter 
 how honest he may be. I am satisfied that no private institution — a railroad, 
 for instance, or a great t'state — would regard it as businesslike to do what is 
 here proposed. 
 
 I sympathize with the desire to decentralize as far as is practicable and wise 
 the control of these properties, giving as wide a discretion as from time to 
 time may seem advisable to local officials, but our trust can not be carried out 
 in the highest gofid faith by throwing upon the shoulders of one man so great a 
 burden of responsibility. 
 Cordially, yours, 
 
 Franklin K. Lane, 
 
 Secret aril. 
 
 Hon. John H. Stephens, 
 
 Chairman Committee on Indian Affairs, House of Representatives. 
 
 Senator Owen, of Oklahoma, offered an amendment to the Indian 
 appropriation bill before the Senate Committee on Indian Affairs, 
 giving the superintendent for the Five Civilized Tribes authority to 
 remove restrictions. Secretary Lane submitted the foUovfing report 
 in opposition to that amendment: 
 
 Department or the Interior, 
 
 Washington, Maroh 2, 1916. 
 Hon. Henry F. Ashurst, 
 
 Chairman Coinmiltce. o)i Indian Affairs, tliiUrd l^latcs ticnntc. 
 
 My Dear Senator: By your reference of February 23, 1910, I am in receiiit of 
 request for report on the amendment to the pending Indian aiipropriation bill 
 proposed by Senator Owen, which has for its object the authorizing and direct- 
 ing the superintendent for the Five Civilized Tribes to examine into the compe- 
 tency of adult restricted members of the P'ive Civilized Tribes, and to deliver to 
 the competent members "certificates of competencv." The item carries an 
 appropriation of $25,000. 
 
 I am in sympathy with the purpose of this amendment, but not with th^ 
 machinery that it is pro))osed to use for the end desired. In a word, I am in 
 favor of segregating the competent adult and reistricted Indians of the Five 
 Civilized Tribes and giving to such competents " certificates of competency." 
 That is to say, I am in favor of turning competent Indians loose and making 
 them self-dependent, but I don't think this burden should be cast upon the 
 superintendent of the Five Civilized Tribes. I think it should be undertaken 
 by men appointed by me and responsible to me. I have now in the field two 
 commissions, one headed by Maj. McLaughlin, for many years an liwpector in 
 this department, and the other headed by Maj. Thackery, one of our moist 
 
FIVE CIVILIZED TEIBES OF INDIANS. 37 
 
 competent Iiulian agents, both of which are passing from reservation to reserva- 
 tion, selecting those Indians who are competent to handle their own affairs ; 
 and I have now iu hand the papers relating to several hundred such cases, and 
 in due time these Indians will, by virtue of the authority that is vested in me, 
 be released from their status as wards of the Government and given entire con- 
 trol over their afCairs. I expect to have more men put at this work in the near 
 future, and to undertake it as a very serious part of our Indian work. I would 
 be pleased, however, if Congress were to authorize the employment of additional 
 inspectors to meet this problem in an adeQuate manner. In this connection I 
 beg to quote from my annual report to the President in 1914 : 
 
 " It is tlie judgment of those who know tlie Indian best, and it is my conclu- 
 sion after as intimate a study as practicable of his nature and needs, that we 
 should henceforth make a positive and systematic effort to cast the full burden 
 of independence and responsibility upon an increasing number of the Indians 
 of all tribes. I find that there is a statute wliich significantly empowers the 
 Secretary of the Interior to do this in individual cases. That authority Is 
 adequate. And as soon as the machinery of administration can be set in motion 
 I intend to use such authority. If year l)y year a few fi-om each of the tribes 
 can be made to stand altogetlier upon their own feet we «'ill lie adding to the 
 dignity of the Indian race and to their value as citizens. To be master of 
 himself, to be given his chance — that is the Indian's right when lie lias proven 
 himself. And all that we sliould do is to help him to make ready for that day 
 of self-ownership. 
 
 " Viewed in this light, the Indian problem is incomparalily larger to-day than 
 it was when the Cherokees were gatliered up from the Soutliern States and sent 
 into tlie unknown across the Mississippi. In 1830 the problem was liow to get 
 the Indian out of way. To-day tlie iiroblem is how to make him really a part 
 of tlie Nation. This blend of wisdom, dignity, and childishness, this creature 
 of a noncommercial age, has been brought into a new day when all must live 
 by conforming to a system that is as foreign to him as the life of the Buddhistic 
 ascetic would be to us. Slowly through a century and more of tortuous experi- 
 ence he has come to see that it is not our purpose to do him harm ; but he must 
 learn to find his place in an economy tliat antagonizes every tradition of his 
 10,000 years of history. How, then, are we to get into the mind of this 
 soldier-sportsman the fact that the old order has passed away and that the 
 gentleman of to-day earns his^ right to live by his usefulness — thsit the American 
 can not be a man and a ward at the same time? 
 
 " It is a strange thing indeed that we should be concerning ourselves so 
 largely and spending so many millions each year for the remaking of the people 
 who are the truest of Americans. It shows how anxious to be just and willing 
 to be generous are our people. They feel with a quick conscience how cruel it 
 would be to introduce this primitive man into a harsh, competitive world of 
 business with a code of its own more foreign to him than that of the Rushido ; 
 too mnch, they fear, like pitting Little Boy Blue against Shylock in a trade. 
 Let us franldy state the fact— there is such a thing as being too unselfish, and 
 this the Indian too often is, for he has not gained a forecasting imagination. 
 His training has not given him the cardinal principle of a competitive civiliza- 
 tion, the self-protecting sense. It is not instinctive in him to be afraid of 
 starving to-morrow if he is generous or wasteful to-day. And work? Why 
 work if not necessary? Is it not, as an Osage chief once reprovingly said to 
 me, is it not the hope of every American that he may some day be a gentleman 
 
 who does not work? ., 
 
 " We are bent then, upon saving the ludlan from those who would despoil 
 him until the time comes when he can stand alone. And that time comes when 
 he has absorbed into his nature the spirit of this new civilization that he has 
 become part of. This is certainly a revolution we are expecting— an impossi- 
 ble revolution in some natures— the substitution of a new standpoint for one 
 long taught by fathers and grandfathers. Truly such a transformation is not 
 to be worked like some feat of legerdemain, by a turn of the wrist. Bayonets 
 can not do it- money can not do it. We can force men to work. We can keep 
 them without work. These two methods we have tried with the Indian, and 
 thev have failed in leading him toward the goal of responsible self-support. 
 Adaptation to new environment comes from education, through experience. 
 We therefore have the task of introducing a new conception into the Indian 
 mind This is not a thing that can be done wholesale. It becomes an mdi- 
 ^dual problem, and our hope lies in schools for the young and in casting more 
 Tnd more responsibility upon the mature, and letting them accept the result. 
 
38 FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OF INDIAN'S. 
 
 " Wliat should the best be In passing upon the fitness of one who is to be 
 sent out Into the world? Plainly his ability to handle himself, to care for him- 
 self so that he will not become a charge on the commnnity. To be a rich In- 
 dian is not a (|ualiflcation, for his wealth may indicate, and generally does, • 
 nothing more t lian good fortune. In the land lottery some drew prizes and 
 some blanks. Nor should the degree of blood be the best, nor education. For 
 many of those who are wisest in counsel and most steady in habits and sturdy 
 in character are uii-Jncated full bloods. The man who can "do " for himself 
 is the man to be leleased. And he is the man who thinks not in terms of the 
 Indians' yesterday but in terms of the Indians' to-morrow. One whose imagi- 
 nation can take that leap and whose activities will not lag behind. It Is to be 
 remembered that we are not looking for an ideal Indian nor a model citizen, 
 but for one who should not longer lean upon the Government to manage his 
 affairs. 
 
 " There are many thousand Indians in our charge who are entirely self-sup- 
 porting, capable, thrifty, farsighted, sensible men. And singularly enough these 
 are' most often found among those tribes which were most savage and ruthless 
 in makins war upon the whites. Some of these are indeed so farsighted that 
 they dii not wish to enjoy full independence because their property would then 
 become sub.iect to taxation. Others are attached by a tribal sentiment and by 
 the natural conservatism of the Indian to existing conditions. Still others 
 are held to governmental control in part because of the entanglement of their 
 tribal affairs. The Government will not do its duty toward itself or toward 
 these Indians until men of this class are fully released. There is a second class, 
 made up of those willing to work but not knowing how, and a third class, of 
 those who know how but have no tools. For these there is help — the teacher 
 farmer for the one and a small loan in the form of tools for the other. There 
 are those, too, for whom it is too great a jump to pass from hunting to farm- 
 ing, but who can herd cattle, and for these the G(>\ernment is providing herds 
 for their ranges. Congress has been liberal in its appropriations for thesfe 
 things, and with a stable policy and administrative efficiency these Indians can 
 be gradually lifted into usefulness, full self-support, and into entire inde- 
 pendence. Then there is the ' proud ' red man who idly clings to the traditions 
 of his race and talks of its past with such dignified eloquence, declaring in 
 one glowing moment against the injustice of rectuiring service from those who 
 once owned the continent and in the next sentence pleading for rations. Thig 
 man is half brother to him who has degenerated under the orphan-asylum sys- 
 tem into a loafer. My confidence is that for all these there is some hope, for 
 most of them much. 
 
 " To turn the Indian loose from the bonds of governmental control, not in 
 great masses, but individually, basing this action upon his ability to watch 
 his steps and make his way, not in any fool's dream that he will advance with- 
 out tripping, but in the reasonable hope that he will develop self-confidence 
 as he goes along; to destroy utterly the orphan-asylum idea, giving charity 
 only to the helpless and in gravest emergencies; to teach the Indian that h,e 
 must work his way, that the Government will no longer play the part of Elijah's 
 raven; to convert the young to our civilization through the creation of ambi- 
 tions and desires which the blanket life can not satisfy ; to organize each group 
 of Indians into a community of sanely guided cooperators, who shall be told 
 and taught that this Government is not to continue as an indulgent father, but 
 as a helpful, experienced, and solicitous elder brother— this program we are 
 adventuring upon. It may be inadequate, but it is surely a long step on the 
 road which the Cherokees took. 
 
 " To carry out this policy there should be continuity of purpose within Con- 
 gress and within this department. The strength of the administration should 
 be turned against the two enemies of the Indian— those who out of sentiment or 
 for financial reasons keep the Indian's mind turned backward upon the alleged, 
 glories of other days and the injustices that have been done him and those 
 who would unjustly take from him the heritage that is his." 
 Cordially, yours, 
 
 Franklin K. Lane, Secretary. 
 
 The Indian Eights Association has issued a circular in opposition 
 to the Hastings bill, and T have been asked to include that circular, 
 
S'lVE CIVILIZED TBIBES OE INDIANS. 39 
 
 with the consent of the committee, in the hearings on the Hastings 
 bill. The circular reads as follows: 
 
 national protection fur okl.ahojia ixd1an«— -uangekous legislation pro- 
 posed arfeoting the eivb civilized tribes. 
 
 Indian Rights Association, 
 .995 Drexel B-uilding, Philadelphia,- Pa., January 20, 19'M. 
 
 Three years ago public indignation was aroused over the exploitation of 
 the estates of minors belonging to the Five Civilized Tribes in Oklahoma, as 
 revealed on the floor of Congress, when the astounding statement was made 
 that the cost of administering the estates of Oklahoma Indian minors, where 
 professional guardians were employed, was in excess of 19 per cent of the 
 property handled; and In one county at least in which estates valued at 
 $l,172,0fl0 were involved, the cost of administration was $246,000, o? 20.13 per 
 cent. The cost of administration of white minors' estates in the same county 
 was 1.7 per cent. 
 
 This condition was rendered possible by operation of the act of May 27, 
 1908, which reads as follows : 
 
 " Sec 6. That the persons and property of minor allottees of the Five Civil- 
 ized Tribes shall, except as otherwise specifically provided by law, be subject 
 to the jurisdiction of the probate courts of the State of Oklahoma. 
 
 "Sec. 9. That the death of any allottee of the Five Civilized Tribes shall 
 operate to remove all restrictions upon the alienation of said allottee's land: 
 Provided, That no conveyance of any interest of any full-blood Indian heir 
 in such land shall be valid unless approved by the court having jurisdiction 
 of the settlement of the estate of said allottee ; * * * » 
 
 Twenty probate attorneys were appointed by the Secretary of the Interior 
 to assist in the task of protecting the Indian estates. The services of this 
 large force of officials were made necessary to conserve the property of deceased 
 Indian allottees and minors from whom restrictions had been removed, and 
 which were by law placed under the jurisdiction of the probate courts of 
 Oklahoma. The estates of minors and others remaining in the restricted class 
 and directly under the care of the Secretary of the Interior have not suffered 
 to the same extent. 
 
 The pillaging of Indian property continued to such an extent that the 
 Commissioner of Indian Affairs, jointly with the probate courts of Oklahoma, 
 outlined a code of " Rules of procedure in proljate matters." These rules were 
 afterward adopted by the justices of the supreme court of Oklahoma. While 
 this code of rules has aided materially in protecting Indian estates, its scope 
 has been limited by the recent Legislature of Oklahoma. The failure of the 
 Oklahoma Legislature to approve the rules of probate to meet the existing 
 exigency is ominous of the fate awaiting the estates of Indian minors and ■ 
 deceased Indian heirs in the event of any further relinquishing of authority 
 which remains vested in the Interior Department. 
 
 It Is important to bear in mind that this plundering of the Indian estates 
 was a result of the operation of the law relieving the Secretary of the Interior 
 of any control of the Indian property thus exploited. 
 
 On the opening day of the present Congress, Hon. William W. Hastings, of 
 Oklahoma, introduced a bill (H. R. 108), which provides — 
 
 " That the superintendent for the Five Civilized Tribes in Oklahoma shall, 
 after the passage and approval of this act, have and exercise all the authority 
 now conferred by law upon the Commissioner of Indian Affairs and the Secretary 
 of the Interior, or either of them, respecting the lands allotted to the enrolled 
 members of the Five Civilized Tribes in Oklahoma and their individual 
 moneys." 
 
 We may safely conclude that similar results would follow the enactment of 
 this bill into law as have been shown to have resulted from the former act of 
 Congress already cited, by which the Federal Government released its juris- 
 diction and control over the Indian property. 
 
 The care and control over our Indian population is a national duty resting 
 upon the security of the Constitution, and should not be delegated to others 
 without the greatest care being exercised to see that local iiifluonces will not 
 prevail, under the changed conditions, against the best interests of the Indians. 
 
 The 101,521 Indians of the Five Civilized Tribes represent more than one- 
 third of the Indian population of the United Stiites. Of these, 32,540 are known 
 
40 FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OF INDIANS. 
 
 as restricted Indians, their liroperty being held- in trust by the ^l^^^^'')l^\f^2,' 
 ernment. Of the 19,525,966 acres of land belonging to the Five Civilized i-rioes, 
 over 15,000,000 acres were allotted, of which there remain 3,318,370 acres ot 
 allotted land which are under the care of the Government and within the juris- 
 diction of the superintendent of the Five Civilized Tribes. This does not in- 
 clude the million and a quarter acres of segregated coal and timber lands. 
 
 The superintendent in a recent report states that the area of lands within 
 that jurisdiction is three times as large as the State of Massachusetts, and 
 twenty-four times as large as the State of Rhode Island. The enormous wealth 
 represented by this vast property interest is proposed by the pending legislation 
 to be transferred from the Secretary of the Interior to the full control of the 
 superintendent of the Five Civilized Tribes located in Oklahoma. 
 
 OfHcial reports show that to the close of the last fiscal year there had been 
 collected and deposited $19,500,000 of tribal moneys by the superintendent and 
 this fund was deposited in various Federal and State banks; and there is 
 jet due the sum of $7,050,000 from tribal lands heretofore sold, in addition 
 to $5,000,000, the estimated value of the surface of the coal lands. The lowest 
 official estimate upon the value of the coal and asphalt deposits on the 431,00 
 acres of segregated coal lands is $12,000,000, while the tribal superintendent of 
 mines h,as placed their value at $100,000,000. 
 
 By the act approved August 1, 1914, the offices of the Commissioner to the 
 Five Civilized Tribes and superintendent of Union Agency, Okla., were abol- 
 ished ; the position of the superintendent for the Five Civilized Tribes was 
 created and the duties formerly performed by the officials holding the two po- 
 sitions abolished devolved upon the present superintendent, subject to the ap- 
 proval of the Secretary of the Interior. 
 
 The royalties on oil and gas received from the property of 6,000 restricted 
 Indians amounted for the last fiscal year to $1,537,727.47. A share of this 
 immense fund has been heretofore invested by Government representatives 
 in city and other property, which through lack of care, more especially in pur- 
 chases for permanent investment, has resulted in great loss to the Indian 
 estates. 
 
 If these wards are to be protected, a closer supervision must be had on the 
 part of the Federal Government rather than relinquish any of the power 
 which may now be exercised. 
 
 We must judge of the future by past experience and from that viewpoint no 
 other conclusion can be reached than that of holding that if the jurisdiction 
 over the afEairs of the Five Civilized Tribes is transferred from the department 
 at Washington and vested in the superintendent resident in Oklahoma in charge 
 of these Indians, another era of ravishment of Indian estates will result. 
 
 It may be claimed in reply that the proposed legislation provides that the 
 Superintendent of the Five Civilized Tribes shall continue, as at present, to be 
 appointed by the President, and not by the State of Oklahoma. The appoint- 
 ment, howevei-, is purely a political one. since the candidates for the position 
 must be confirmed by the Senate, thus brinning it withia State patronage. 
 
 No reflection upon any particular superintendent or official is intended by 
 these statements. The fault lies in the system and the proposed transfer of 
 authority as outlined by the pending bill. No official can escape the in- 
 fluences brought to bear, often with ulterior motives, to secure an unfair ad- 
 vantage in dealing with these questions. 
 
 The Superintendent of the Five Civilized Tribes recognizes the herculean 
 efforts put forth to secure advantages over the Indians under his care. In his 
 report, dated November 3, 1915, addressed to the Hon. Commissioner of Indian 
 Affairs, the superintendent states : 
 
 " There is every pressure imaginable, not only from those who desire to sepa- 
 rate the Indian from his property, but, in many cases, from Indians themselves, 
 brought to bear upon me, to purchase various and sundry things with Indian 
 moneys, or to make loans on all kinds and classes of security, and even to pay 
 out the money without any restrictions thereon whatever to individuals, 
 guardians, administrators, and every other conceivable way possible to get the 
 money out of the hands of the department." 
 
 The claim will no doubt be made by the advocates of the pending bill that 
 the delays incident to disposing of cases coming before the Department of the 
 Interior for determination render necessary the transfer of the jurisdiction to 
 the superintendent who is immediately In charge. 
 
 While delays, no doubt, sometimes occur In certain cases, It Is believed that 
 the Immense authority of the Government at Washington will be more effective 
 
FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OF INDIANS. 41 
 
 ^c!S^^^"® business and also safer for the interests involved than the pro- 
 posed plan of committing the responsibility to a superintendent residing in 
 Oklahoma who is a political appointee. 
 
 The flies of the Interior Department bear abundant and conclusive evidence 
 to support the position herein presented. 
 (H^R^IOS)''""'' ^'^"^'^*^® "^'"^ ^® exerted in opposition to the pending bill 
 
 On behalf of the Indian Rights Association. 
 
 CaKL E. GRAltitEE, 
 
 President. 
 Herbert Welsh, 
 Corresponding Secretary. 
 
 Mr. Miller. I got a copy of that. I spoke to a gentleman here 
 who very greatly discredited Mr. Brosiiis. Do you know him ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. 
 
 Mr. Miller. Should he be discredited, in your opinion? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. I have known Mr. Brosius for a number of vears 
 and~I have always found him to be a thorough gentleman. 
 
 Mr. Miller. Is this Indian Eights Association a reputable asso- 
 ciation ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir; that association has been organized prob- 
 ably for a. period of 45 or 50 years. 
 
 Mr. Miller. Have they a financial interest in this question other 
 than philanthropy? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. None whatever. 
 
 Judge E. C. Allen, national attorney for the Creek Nation, has 
 written a letter, dated March 20, 1916, to the chairman of the House 
 Committee on Indian Affairs in opposition to the Hastings bill. 
 Judge Allen and Commissioner Sells have requested that this letter 
 be incorporated in the hearings. It is requested .that the letter be 
 incorporated at this point. It reads as follows : 
 
 aiAHCH Ul). 1916. 
 
 Hon. John H. Stephens, 
 
 Chairman House Committee on Indian. Affaiifi. Wanhinnton. D. C. 
 
 Dear Sir : In order to understand fully the Hastings bill and the effect that 
 this proposed legislation might have upon the Indians of Oklahoma, it is neces- 
 sary to review briefly the history of previous legislation. 
 
 Section 22 of an act of Congress approved April 26, 1906 (.34 Sfat., 137), 
 provides : 
 
 " That the adult heirs of any deceased Indian of either of the Five Civilized 
 Tribes whose selection has been made, or to whom a deed or patent has been 
 issued for his or her share of the land of the tribe to which he or slie lielongs 
 or belonged, may sell and convey the lands inherited from such decedent ; and 
 if there be both adult and minor heirs of such decedent, then such minors may 
 join in a sale of such lands by a guardian duly appointed by the proper United 
 States court for the Indian Territory. And in case of the organi/.ation of a 
 State or Territory, then by a proper court of the county in which said minor or 
 minors may reside or in which said real estate is situated, upon an order of 
 such court made upon petition filed by guardian. All conveyances made under 
 this provision by heirs who are full-blood Indians are to be sul},iect to tlie 
 approval of the Secretary of the Interior, under such rules and regulations as 
 he may prescribe." 
 
 Subsequent to the passage of this legislation Oklahoma was admitted into 
 the Union as a State, and immediately the delegation from Oklahcjina began 
 to clamor for a broader jurisdiction to be vested in the local officers. It was 
 conceived at that time by the delegation from Oklahoma that it would be 
 proper for the county judges," who are elected by the people of our State and 
 are charged with the responsibility of administering the aifairs of minors and 
 incompetents, and in addition to this they are required to give a bond for the 
 faithful performance of their trust, that such an office could -well be trusted 
 with the administration of estates of minors and incompetent Indians. So upon 
 
42 FIVE CIVILIZED THIBES OF INDIANS. 
 
 the iii-isteuee of tlii^ delegation CNiiigress was persuaded to adopt sections 6 
 ^nd 9 of the act of Ma.v 27. 190S (35 Stat., 312), which provide as ioUoviS. 
 
 " Sec 6 Tliat the person and property of minor allottees of the Five Cmlized 
 Tribes shall except as otherwise specifically provided by law, be subject to the 
 furismcuon ol the pr<.bate courts of the State of Oklahoma. The Secretary of 
 the Interior- is hereby empowered, under rules and regulations to be prescribed 
 bv him to appoint such local representatives within the State, of Oklahoma 
 who shall be citizens of that State or now domiciled therein as he may deem 
 necessary to inquire into and investigate the conduct of guardians or curators 
 having in charge the estates of such minors, and whenever such representative 
 or representatives of th.e Secretary of the Interior shall be of opinion that the 
 estate of anv minor is not being properly cared for by the guardian or curator, 
 or that the 'same is in any manner being dissipated or wasted or being per- 
 mitted to deteriorate in value by reason of the negligence or carelessness or 
 incompetency of the suai-dian or curator, said repres»ntative or representatives 
 of the Secretary of the Interior shall have power and it shall be their duty to 
 report said matter in full to the proper probate court and take the necessary 
 steps to have such matter fully investigated, and go to the further extent of 
 prosecuting any necessary remedy, either rivil or criminal, or both, to preserve 
 the property anil protect tlie interests of said minor allottees; and it shall be 
 the further" duty of such representative or representatives to make full and 
 complete reports to the Secretary ^ the Interior. All such reports, either 
 to the Secretary of the Interior or [o the proper probate court, shall become' 
 public records and sub.iect to the inspection and examination of the public, 
 and the necessary court fees shall be allowed against the estates of said minors. 
 The probate courts may, in their discretion, appoint any such representative of 
 the Secretary of the Interior as guardian or curator for such minors, without 
 fee or charge." 
 
 " Sec. 9. That the death of any allottee of the Five Olvilized Tribes shall 
 operate to remo\"e all restrictions upon the alienation of said allottee's land: 
 Provided, That no conveyance of any interest of any full-blood Indian heir in 
 such land shall be valid unless approved by the court having jurisdiction of 
 the settlement of the estate of said deceased allottee : Provided further, That 
 if any member of the Five Civilized Tribes of one-half or more Indian blood 
 shall die leaving issue surviving, born since March fourth, nineteen hundred 
 and six, the homestead of such deceased allottee shall remain inalienable, unless 
 restrictions against alienation are removed therefrom by the Secretary of the 
 Interior in the manner provided in section one hereof, for the use and support 
 of such issue, during their life or lives, until April twenty-sixth, nineteen 
 hundred and thirty-one ; but if no such issue survive, then such allottee, if an 
 adult, may dispose of his homestead by will free from all restrictions; If this 
 be not done, or in the event the issue hereinbefore provided for die before April 
 twenty-sixth, nineteen hundred and thirty-one, the land shall then descend to 
 the heirs, according to the laws of descent and distribution of the State of Okla- 
 homa, free from all restrictions : Provided further, That the provisions of sec,-, ' 
 tion twenty-three of the act of April twenty-sixth, nineteen hundred and six, 
 as amended by this act, are hereby made applicable to all wills executed under 
 this section." 
 
 As you will observe, section 6, in addition to giving full jurisdiction over 
 the estates of minors to the county courts, authorized the Secretary of the 
 Interior to appoint representatives, whose duties it should be to watch over 
 the estates of Indians and report to the Secretary of the Interior. For the 
 purpose of paying the expenses of these representatives, then known as district 
 agents, there was appropriated the sum of $90,000. 
 
 These agents became officious in the administration of probate affairs in 
 Oklahoma and often retarded the progress of corrupt and designing grafters 
 in looting the estates of helpless children. These designing persons then started 
 the hue and cry of Federal interference with the administration of the estates 
 of minors who had been committed to the jurisdiction of the State courts. 
 So loud was their protestation that it found its way into the National Capitol 
 and caused many good men to believe that they were, in fact, a nuisance in 
 the administration of the affairs of Indians, and some of the Representatives 
 in Congress from Oklahoma earnestly sought to have the system abolished. 
 In this fight there was no other man who stood out so steadfastly for the 
 
 , Indians as did my friend, and Representative, Mr. Hastings. 
 
 In a letter written to the public and handed to the press on March 14, 1912, 
 
 » Mr. Hastings, after reviewing the very wise and wholesome legislation creating 
 
FIVE CIVILIZED TEIBEB OF INDIANS. 43 
 
 the office of distiict agents, and .lustit'yinp; the appropriation and con- 
 deiuniny iis critics, continued as follows: 
 
 " Tlie district a.ueuts are the advisors of the restricted Indian ; they assist 
 him in making agricultnral leases, in the colled ion of rents from his lauds, in 
 dispossessing tenants who are trying to hold over; the district agents receive 
 applications for the removal of restrictions and report upon the same, and if 
 the restrictions are removed either conditionally or unconditionally they 
 appraise the land from which restrictions have been removed and assist the 
 Indians in getting its fair and reasonable value; and if the restrictions are 
 conditionally removed the money is paid to the restricted Indian in such 
 amounts as is thought advisable through tirese district agents, who assist 
 them in the expenditure of the money to the best advantage of the Indian; 
 the district agents cooperate with the probate courts to the end that the 
 accounts of guardians are checked up, reports made, and that their funds are 
 not squandered ; the district agents in fact hear every kind of a grievance of 
 the full-blood or restricted Indian, and they do what they can to assist them 
 just as every mother and father does what he or she can to aid and advise 
 their minor child. No honest probate court is opposed to the cooperation of 
 .1 fair-rriiuded, upright official. Every county judge in eastern Oklahoma, 
 every tribal attorney and every tribal chief has written a letter favoring the 
 district agent system. 
 
 " We miglit as well be frank about it. Kverybody who is familiar with the 
 Indian, his history and tradition, knows that he needs assistance in the man- 
 agement of his lands. Sixteen hundred and eighty full-blood Oherokees who 
 were arbitrarily allotted land refused to take the patentu sent to them through 
 the mails out of the post office, and they refused to go ui)on the land or accept 
 any proceeds therefrom. Will any intelligent person say that these poor mis- 
 guided people do not need assistance, that they are able to care for themselves, 
 or that they will protect themselves? The truth is that every one knows who 
 is at all familiar with the Imlian tliat he will not assert his rights in a civil 
 suit. Ask the lawyres of the country how many civil suits they have had for 
 full-blood Indians. Some of them will answei- that they have had a few. That 
 is quite true. They are an exception, and if these Indians are competent to 
 manage their own affairs then I am in favor of removing the restrictions from 
 their lands and let them manage their own affairs, but I know, and every good 
 citizen throughout the eastern part of Oklahoma knows, that if the district 
 agents are abolished that in less than a year there will be thousands of illegal 
 leases, deeds, and other encumbrances filed of record upon their lands. If there 
 are no local agents to assist the Indians, to advise him of his legal rights, to 
 help him to get into court, to help him prepare his case, and to get his wit- 
 nesses, no civil action would be brought and the man in the illegal possession 
 would retain it. Every land speculator and grafter in eastern Oklahoma knows 
 this, and every one of them is stirring up public sentiment against the district 
 agent, and every one of them is causing as many letters to be written as 
 possible to Members of Congress against them. If any district agent is either 
 dishonest or incompetent, he should be removed. I am defending the system, 
 not the individual, and I am trying to arouse public sentiment against the 
 wholesale attack of the system. I have had occasion to closely observe the 
 work of the district agents, and I know that tJiey have been compelled to ad- 
 versely report upon many leases, applications for the removal of restrictions, 
 payment of claims, and other things submittted to them. Every disaptiointed 
 man is against them. ..- ~ -■" -■— ■ , 
 
 "Through my veins courses Cherokee blood. I ti-ust that I will not live long! 
 enough to see the full-blood menibers of my race homeless in their own country,*' 
 wanderers in theii- own land. Tliey thought they were protected by the old , 
 treatie.s, binding upon them and sacred to them ; they resisted the change in 
 their form of government: they did not invite the indi\idualization of their 
 lands, because they had never been use:l to an individual title, and they appre- 
 ciated that they had never had any experienie in dealing with the title to lands. 
 Their fears were justified, for the records sliow that thousands of leases, deeds, 
 and other evidences of encumbrance in violation of protective provisions of law 
 for mtle or no consideration have been gotten froin them and placed "of record.). 
 "Withoivt'the a's.sistuuce of focal men in fheTield all 'of these illegaT Teases and 
 deeds might as well lie \;i]idated. Everybody knows this. Why not speak the 
 truth? What the futtu-e of the Indian in eastei'u (Wdahoma is to be is a great 
 problem Tlie State is doing a comnieiidalile work, so are the county judges and 
 the district agents. Many i)eople would not unfairly deal witli a white man 
 
44 FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OF INDIANS. 
 
 Who would uot hesitate to rob an Indian. They know he Is powerless to heljp 
 himself and that he will not arouse public attention. The Gevernment is now 
 paying 16 district agents $1,800 each per annum to aid m some measure in ineir 
 protection, and I am sure that no fair-minded citizen, white or red, whose gooa 
 opinion is prized, will believe that the.se Indians should lie set adritt, roDoea 
 of their lands without the assistance of the (lovernmeut. Millions ot dollars 
 are being appropriated for pensions, for inaintalnlng the Navy, for enlarging 
 and supporting the Army, for the government of the Philippine Islands, and 
 for other governmental expenditures, and hundreds of thousands of dollars are 
 being appropriated for costlv public buildings to be erected throughout the 
 country, and yet when the small appropriation is asked to help save a vanish- 
 ing race from its own improvidence we are met with the cry of economy. The 
 report is being circulated that the district agents are retarding the settle- 
 ment of tribal affairs. Everyone knows this is untrue. The Whitmlre suit 
 and the suit to prevent the enrollment of minor children have postponed the 
 settlement of Cherokee affairs. We will need the district agents long after our 
 affairs are settled. Their continuance has nothing to do with our final settle- 
 ment. Every schoolboy knows this. I am urging, in season and out of season, 
 a final settlement every minute. Let's not muddy the water. This issue Is 
 clear. Are you in favor of protecting the admittedly incompetent full-blood 
 Indian? 
 
 " The best years of my life have been gi\'en to the service of the Cherokee 
 people, and I am determined now to do what I can for their protection. There 
 are a few good fights left in me yet. and I appeal to the public conscience for 
 their assistance." 
 
 The author of this bill, Mr. Hastings, was for about 15 years, if I am not mis- 
 taken, attorney for the Cherokee Indians, during which time he served them 
 with distinguished loyalty and devotion. Evidently he did not at any time con- 
 ceive that it would be beneficial to his tribe of Indians to enact legislation such 
 as he proposes, for if there was any one thing Mr. Hastings was more con- 
 spicuous In than another it was his fearless advocacy of any cause he believed 
 to be in the interest of his tribe, and not once during the term of his office did 
 he advocate the vesting of jurisdiction in the local representative of the Secre- 
 tary of the Interior, such as is proposed by his bill. 
 
 On October 16, 1911, which was prior to the date of Mr. Hastings's 'letter to 
 the public, I find that I was in perfect accord with Mr. Hastings and his effort 
 to save the district agents, for on that date I wrote to Mr. Kelsey at Muskogee 
 the following letter : 
 
 " Wagoner, Okl.\., October 16, 1911. 
 " Hon. Dana H. Kelsey, 
 
 " United States I'lidian Ayent, Miii-koijee, Okla. 
 
 "Dear Sir: Since the establishment of the district Indian agencies I have 
 observed carefully the -work being done by them, and I desire to say that in my 
 opinion the Indian people have derived greater benefit through that system than 
 through any other ever adopted by our Government. By this means the agents 
 of the department are brought in direct contact with the Indians and those with 
 whom they deal, and are therefore placed in a better position to understand and 
 appreciate their real needs. 
 
 "Until I was brought into contact with the Indians and with those with 
 whom they were dealing, as trial judge in many cases, I believed in the unquali- 
 fied removal of restrictions. I desire to say now that I believe it is a mistake 
 to permit an unqualified removal of restriction in any cases. The only way 
 that the Indian can be protected Is by Government supervision, and I am 
 heartily in favor of removing the restrictions from a part of the lands of the 
 Indians only upon condition that the proceeds from the sale of the land be 
 paid to the Indians upon recommendation of the district agents. My experience 
 with the district agents in this part of the State has convinced me that they 
 are doing all in their power to safeguard the interests of the Indian people, 
 and they have by their fair treatment won the respect of both the Indian and 
 . the white race. And I believe if the district agents were given entire super- 
 vision of the Indian lands that the Indian would receive a fair price for the 
 lands sold- and would receive the consideration in a way that would be most 
 beneficial to them. 
 
 " I have not had occasion to Investigate the conduct of many of the county 
 judges in this State, but I believe that the county judges in Muskogee, Wagoner, 
 Mcintosh, and Tulsa Counties, whicli counties, I have observed, have been greatly 
 assisted by th(> district agents in the mnnagenient of the estates of the Indians. 
 
FIVE CIVILIZED THIBES OF INDIANS. 45 
 
 And where, as in the counties mentioned, the county courts and the district 
 agents woriv hi perfect liurnion.x- the benefit ttcci'uing to the Indians would 
 amply justify the expenditures attached to this department. 
 
 " Trusting that the Indian afjents may he maintained in this State, I beg to 
 remain, as ever, 
 
 " Your friend, 
 
 R. G. Allen, 
 Dlstrirl Jadye (Third J iidirinl District), Wagoner, Olda." 
 
 Wlien tlie matter of appropvlatins $100,000 to continue the district agents 
 in office, whicli provision was contahied in the Indian appropriation bill for 
 the fiscal year ending June 30, 191i!, Mr. Ferris, of Olilnhoma, expressed himself 
 in the following manner : 
 
 Mr. Ferrts. Mr. Spealcer, the ((uestion under consideration involved whether 
 or not tlie Federal Government sliall pay .flOO.OOO to perpetuate what is known 
 as tlie district agents longer in Oklalioma. Tlie history of tliat legislation can 
 be stated in a word, ^'ice President Sherman, then chairman of the Committee 
 on Indian Affairs, said at the time this item first went into the bill that we 
 would probably need agents there, perhaps one or two years. They went in 
 there ts a temporary matter, while we were emerging from a Territory into a 
 State. They have now been tliere five years, and now the State is well fur- 
 nished with otfieers. The Indians hold the elective offices right by the side of 
 the whites. The governor of the State is an Indian citizen, the lieutenant gov- 
 ernor is an Indian citizen, the president of our constitutional convention was 
 an Indian citizen, ad the present speaker of the legislature is an Indian. The 
 Indians liold more offices than they are entitled to hold, according to the pro 
 rata or percentage of population between the Indians and the whites. Here 
 comes a strong protest, inculcated, steeped out, brought about by the very men 
 who desire to perpetuate themselves. Here they are spending the Indians' 
 money, .spending the money of the Federal Government sending telegrams, 
 journeying to VV'ashingtoii, roasting in the galleries, conjuring up figures to 
 prove they should hold on forever, digging up scandal, befouling their own 
 nest, trying to injure the State, uU because they desire to perpetuate themselves. 
 
 * -t •% jk ^ "l! :^ 
 
 "I tell you, sirs, the Indians do not want such detailed supervision. It has 
 the opposite effect from the one intended. It retards ; it does not improve. It 
 stifles and weakens ; it does not encourage and strengthen. It does not move 
 Indian matters to a final conclusion; it complicates ^nd confuses. Surely it is 
 intended and hoped for by us all thai the Indian problem will some time termi- 
 nate. It will not be accomplished by a total withholding of his funds, by a 
 total withholding of his lands, by a total refusal to grant him the very most 
 elemental task. I charge no bad faith on the part of anyone. It is merely a 
 disposition to hang on forever to a job that ought to have been abolished years 
 ago. Remove some of the surfeited and overabundance of supervision and let 
 the Indian stand partially on his own pegs. His money and land.s are all tied 
 up. There is no way he can spend it or sell it. Federal restrictions are on 
 tight as a drum. Why, my friends, I have seven counties in the Five Civilized 
 Tribes. When I go around in my campaign the leading citizens in those 
 counties are Indian citizens. The men who serve on the reception committees 
 who meet me and other public men are Indian citizens. Charley Carter, Sena- 
 tor Owen, can not expend their own money to-day. It is tied up tight. What 
 a pathetic sight that is. The governor of our State can not expend his money, 
 but they send some little pipestem whippersnapper down from Washington, 
 JSTew York, or Kansas, and they are to supervise, to nose around the affairs of 
 a people who knovs^ more than they do. Why, the speaker of our dower house 
 of the local legislature is a full-blood Indian. Then, wlien we come to seek 
 to save $100,000 for the Federal Treasury, when we seek to get rid of a service 
 that prevails nowhere else, a service we do not want and the Indians do not 
 want, here comes a storm of protest and some telegrams from Boston telling 
 us what we need and must have in Oklahoma. 
 
 "Why, I visited Boston this year; it is one of the most beautiful cities in 
 the world, and yet you would not expect her to be an expert on Indian matters, 
 would you? I do not presume that 1 per cent of the population of the city of 
 Boston ever stepped foot in Oklahoma ; I do not presume that a half per cent of 
 the citizens of Boston ever shook hands with an Indian ; I do not presume that 
 10 per cent of them ever crossed the Mississippi River, yet they are sending 
 telegrams telling Congress what to do about Oklahoma employees and against 
 
46 FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OF INDIANS. 
 
 the combined judgment of Democrats and Republicans, Indians and winter and 
 the bulk of all our people who know the facts and do not desire to horn tne 
 lobs I toll you, sirs, we have left enough money in this bill for employees. In 
 my iidgment too much. You can have 141 people and pay them $2,000 a year. 
 One-half of them ought to be fired to-day, not to-morrow, and here comes my 
 good friend, and I say it with all kindness and all earnestness from^South 
 Dakota (Mr. Burke), and he is urging the retention of these Interior Depart- 
 ment employees. I have nothing against them personally-not one of them. 
 My Jriend from South Dakota (Mr. Burke) is so sympathetic in disposition 
 that he has gone wild and gone mad in order to save those employees their posi- 
 tions until after the next election. My friends, we will give all the 141, at 
 JC2,000 per year, a passport from our State, and we will send them back to you, 
 if they must have appointments. * * *" 
 
 I simplv call your attention to the difference in opinion upon Indian ques- 
 tions that was entertained by the two gentlemen from Oklahoma, Mr. Ferris 
 and Mr. Hastings, who have been urging the adoption of this measure, at a 
 time when Mr. Hastings was attorney for a tribe of Indians m Oklahoma and 
 Mr. Ferris was a Congressman from that State. 
 
 I do not mean to intimate that either Mr. Hastings or Mr. Ferris are now, 
 or were then, advocating principles of government that they did not believe 
 to be for the best interests of Oklahoma. I do mean to convey the idea that 
 there is such a divergency of interest between the whites and the Indians of 
 my State that one who in a political way becomes associated with the white 
 race unconsciously becomes the antagonist of the Indian to the extent, at least, 
 of sharing the public sentiment of the people of my State that restrictions of 
 all kinds and character should be removed, or at least all supervision of the 
 Interior Department should be taken away from the Indian and his property. 
 
 I think that it was in 1912 or 1913 that a general exposure of probate con- 
 ditions in Oklahoma was made by my predecessor in ofilce. He submitted a 
 report to the Secretary of the Interior in which it was shown that it was cost- 
 ing a great deal more to administer the estates of Indians than it was to 
 administer the estates of whites, and that, generally, the estates of minors 
 and incompetents were being consumed by court costs and other expenses and 
 n lack of proper administration of such estates. After this exposure and the 
 resentment that was manifest in Congress because of the treatment that a 
 dependent people had received at the hands of officers of a sovereign State, 
 after the Congress had been persuaded to believe that the estates would be 
 properly handled, the entire delegation in Congress from Oklahoma joined 
 in a telegram to the governor of that State, in which it was represented, 
 in substance, that unless Oklahoma would enact laws that would safeguard 
 the rights of these Indian children that the Federal Government would with- 
 draw the jurisdiction which was granted by the act of 1908. 
 
 Notwithstanding this telegram and the fact that Oklahoma has not naet the 
 demands of the delegation in Congress by enacting laws for the protection of 
 these minors, it is now proposed instead of withdrawing jurisdiction from 
 local officers to permit the probate courts to retain the same jurisdiction which 
 it has had since 1908 over the estates of minors and to invest in a local branch 
 of the Interior Department sole jurisdiction over the estates and persons of 
 these Indians. 
 
 It can best be determined what is expected to flow from the enactment of 
 legislation such as is proposed by reviewing the results of other legislation 
 granting jurisdiction to local officers. I desire to remind you, before entering 
 into a discussion of conditions in Oklahoma, of the fact that only a small per 
 cent of the Indians in Oklahoma are now subject to governmental supervision. 
 Our delegation in Congress from time to time has succeeded in securing the 
 passage of legislation further removing restrictions, until at the present time 
 only the following class of Indians belong to what may be termed as the re- 
 stricted class : 
 
 First. The homesteads of allottees enrolled as one-half or more than one- 
 half blood Indians. 
 
 Second. All allotted lands of three-fourths blood Indians, including minors. 
 
 Third. All allotted and inherited lands of full-blood Indians, 
 
 Under the terms of the restriction acts a full-blood citizen of the Greek 
 Nation can lease his surplus allotment and all his inherited lands without 
 supervision of the department for a term of five years, and may lease his 
 homestead for a period of one year. So you see that we only have ttiohe 
 Indians who are generally conceded to belong to the incompetent class as re- 
 
FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OF INDIANS. 47 
 
 stricted Indians, and only these are now under the supervision of the Secretary 
 of the Interior. 
 
 Following the act of 1908, theprobate courts of Oklahoma commenced to 
 exercise jurisdiction over the estates of minor citizens of the Creek Nation, 
 and their guardians, ofttimes appointed for the purpose of selling the estates 
 of minors and receiving commissions therefor, would immediately sell all of 
 tlie estate. The result has been tliat millions of dollars have practicall.\' been 
 stolen from helpless and defenseless children in Oklahoma. This result has not 
 flown so largely from corrupt officials. It has resulted fvom a careless and 
 reckless administration of the estates by these judges. 
 
 Soon after my appointment as Creek national" attorney I began an investiga- 
 tion of the estates of Sophia O., Conny M., and John R. Boling. The guardian 
 of these minors by first one means or another was permitted during a few 
 years to squander an estate valued at approximately $100,000. He went to 
 Phoenix, Ariz., had himself appointed guardian at that place, and then resigned 
 as guardian in Oklahoma. He then had a friend of his appointed guardian at 
 Tulsa, Okla., and this guardian would collect moneys and send to Boling, who 
 was father of the children, and their guardian, in Phoenix, Ariz. When this 
 matter was called to my attention I sent one of the probate attorneys to 
 Phoenix, and in conjunction with attorneys representing the minors we filed 
 an application to require this guardian to make his reports. He did make his 
 reports, in which he brought one of the minors out in debt to him, and the 
 estates of the other two minors were shown to be of little or no value. Excep- 
 tions were filed to these reports, the case heard, with the result that judgment 
 was rendered against the guardian for $73,000. His bondsman paid $33,000 
 of this shortage and the balance was paid by the guardian conveying property 
 to the minors. 
 
 I am of the opinion that if Congres.s* had not invested the probate courts of 
 Oklahoma with the management of these estates that this guardian would not 
 have tried to have embezzled these funds. 
 
 My report to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs for the year ending Decem- 
 ber 1, 1914, gives detailed statements of the money conserved, invested, and 
 saved to the Indians, showing totals as follows: 
 
 Conservation and investment of Indian funds $187,224.00 
 
 Total amount saved to the Indians 218,078.20 
 
 I do not believe that more honest or conscientious county judges can be 
 found anywhere in the American Union than we now have in the Cr^ek Nation, 
 but when you remember that each county judge has several thousand cases of 
 landed minors to look after you will realize the impossibility of giving these 
 matters the attention they deserve, and the grafters have much less hesitancy 
 in attempting to rob a minor through a proceeding in a county court than they 
 would have through a proceeding in a Federal court. 
 
 There are, of course, some instances of criminal negligence and even cor- 
 ruption of county judges in Oklahoma. It would require too much space for 
 me to go into anything like a detailed report of conditions which now exist 
 in the Creek Nation and the many frauds that have been committed as a direct 
 result of vesting jurisdiction over the estates of Indian minors in local officers. 
 On October 9, 1915, I reported a few of such cases, as follows : 
 " P'our indictments were returned by the grand jury in Creek County charg- 
 ing M. C. Flournoy, guardian of Bessie Cobb, a minor, \\ith offering false evi- 
 dence in connection with his final report as guardian of this minor, the specific 
 charges being the filing of certain altered, raised, and false receipts, as vouchers 
 in support of alleged expenditures for and on behalf of said minor charged to 
 Said estate in his said final report. 
 
 " Several months ago an application to remove this guardian was denied by 
 Judge Bro-wn, who was then county judge of Creek County, and an appeal was 
 4aken to the district court. Just before the case was called for hearing in the 
 district court Flournoy tendered his resignation as guardian and the same was 
 accepted, and he thereupon filed his final report as such guardian. Exceptions 
 
 • were filed to this report, which were overruled, and the report was approved by 
 Judge Brown. An appeal was then taken to the district court from the order 
 
 . approving the report, and upon a hearing in the district court, practically every 
 
 . exception made to said report was sustained, and this guardian was surcharged 
 with approximately $1,000. Flournoy is a prominent merchant of Bristow, 
 
 'Okla., and was a close personal and political friend of Judge Brown. 
 
48 FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OP INDIANS. 
 
 " Two Indictments were returned against W. A. Rentie charging him with 
 the embezzlement of $22,427.58 and $366, respectively, belonging to the estate 
 Of his ward, Roy Bismark Rentie. 
 
 " This guardian was one of the proomters of the Creek Durango Land and- 
 Investment Co., which company had for its object the colonization of Creek 
 freedmen in the State of Durango, Mexico. The methods of this company were 
 substantially as follows : 
 
 " ' Certain designing and dishonest persons in Oklahoma organized said com- 
 pany and obtained from the Government of Mexico patent rights to about 27,000 
 acres of land situated in the State of Durango, Mexico, which land was unim- 
 proved and practically worthless. The promoters of this company would induce 
 the fathers of minor Creek freedmen to procure the appointment of themselves 
 as guardians for said minors, petition the court for a sale of said minors' allot- 
 ments, and when said lands were sold the promoters of this company would be 
 the purchasers, and in each instance the consideration paid was grossly in- 
 adequate. The promoters of said company would then induce the parents of 
 said children to move to Durango, Mexico, and there use the proceeds derived 
 from the sale of their childrens' lands in the purchase of worthless lands In 
 this republic from the promoters of this company, who had also been the pur- 
 chasers of said minors' lands in Oklahoma, the effect being to trade to the par, 
 ents and guardians of these minors worthless lands in Durango, Mexico, for 
 valuable allotments situated in the Creek Nation.' 
 
 " There are pending now in the Creek Nation a large number of suits which 
 have been brought to cancel and set aside conveyances thus made. These people 
 being freedmen and unrestricted, I have not brought any of these cases myself, 
 excepting the Scott cases, with which you are familiar, but I have advised witb 
 the allottees and assisted their attorneys wherever possible. 
 
 " The grand jury returned an indict«Lieut against William Grayson, charging 
 him with the embezzlement of $3,000 of the funds of the estate of Hilly Bear, 
 deceased. The Hilly Bear case has heretofore been fully reported to you by 
 Probate Attorney Ligon. 
 
 "After the death of Hilly Bear, William Grayson, who was not related to 
 Hilly Bear, filed in the county court of Tulsa County a purported last will and 
 testament of Hilly Bear wherein the natural heirs at law of said Hilly Bear 
 were disinherited and wherein William Grayson was named as executor and 
 principal beneficiary. The probate of this will was bitterly contested and the 
 facts disclosed on the hearing of the petition for the probate of this will showed 
 conclusively that said will was a forgery. In spite of this showing the county 
 court of Tulsa County admitted said will to probate, from which the heirs of 
 Hilly Bear appealed to the district court, which said court reversed the order 
 of the county court and denied said will to probate. * * * 
 
 " The grand jury returned two indictments against W. B. Coleman, one for 
 the embezzlement $146.33 belonging to his minor ward, Gladys May Coleman, 
 and one for the embezzlement of $46.15 belonging to his ward, Nettle Alice Cole- 
 man. The defendant is now a fugitive from justice. 
 
 " The grand jury returned an indictment against Warren H. Brown, former 
 county judge of Creek County, charging him with embezzling $360 of the 
 funds belonging to Nettie Alice Coleman and Gladys May Coleman, minors. 
 The facts in this case will show that this sum of money was paid to Judge 
 Brown as county judge by the Tamany Oil & Gas Co. and the Annex Oil & Gas 
 Co. for the use of these two minors ; that Instead of turning this money over to 
 the guardian of these minors, Judge Brown paid the same to James J. Mars, 
 $225 of which was a purported personal loan, the balance attorney fees. 
 
 "Another indictment was returned against Judge Brown charging him with 
 perjury. I have heretofore forwarded to you the petition tiled by Messrs. 
 Ligon, Montgomery, and myself to require Bates B. Burnett to file his final 
 report as the former guardian of (tracie I. Berryhill. 
 
 " On June 10, 1912, Bates B. Burnett filed his resignation as guardian of the 
 estate of Grade I. Berryhill, a minor. At this time Grade I. Berryhill wa» 
 living In Quanah, ffex., with her mother, and the probate court at Quanah, 
 Tex., had appointed one J. E. Ledbetter as guardian of the estate of said 
 minor. No final report has ever been filed by Bates B. Burnett as guardian of 
 the estate of said minor. An Investigation made by Probate Attorney Mont- 
 gomery of the records of the probate court at Quanah, Tex., disclosed the fact 
 that Ledbetter had failed and neglected to account for approximately $70,000 
 of the funds of this estate which he should have received from Bates B. Bur- 
 
FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OF INDIANS. 49 
 
 nett, former guardian ; further, that no accounting had been made by Burnett 
 to Ledbetter for this sum. 
 
 " During the administration of Warren H. Brown as county judge of Creeli 
 County repeated efforts were made to require Burnett to file his final report, 
 all of which efforts were unsuccessful, as Judge Brown repeatedly declined to 
 take any action. While in Sapulpa on this investigation we filed before Hon. 
 Vick S. Decker, present county judge of Creek County, a petition for a citation 
 directing Burnett to appear in said court and show cause why he should not 
 be required by said court to file his final report as guardian for said minor. 
 On the day of the hearing of our motion Bui-nett filed with the clerk of the 
 county court an order, dated June 10, 1912, signed by Warren H. Brown as 
 county judge, which said order recited, in substance, that the resignation of 
 Bates B. Burnett as such guardian was accepted ; that said Bates B. Burnett 
 was discharged from his trust as such guardian, and that the bondsmen of the 
 said Bates B. Burnett as guardian were discharged and released from all 
 liability. This order was filed by Burnett in answer to the citation directing 
 him to appear and show cause why he should not be required to file said final 
 report, he taking the position that said order released him and his bondsmen, 
 and that the county court at this time had no jurisdiction to require him to 
 make and file his final report. Judge Brown had prior to this time repeatedly 
 stated to me, to Probate Attorneys Montgomery and Ligon, and to various 
 other parties, that he had never signed an order releasing Burnett and dis- 
 charging his bondsmen from their liability in this case. 
 
 " When Burnett filed the said order we called Judge Brown as a witness and 
 he testified, under oath in the county court, that the order he signed contained 
 an interlineation to the effect that same should not operate to discharge Burnett 
 and his bondsmen until Burnett filed his final report and the same was approved 
 by the county court. At the time he gave this testimony he evidently believed 
 that the original order was lost, as it had been in the possession of Burnett 
 during all of the time since the date of its execution and had never been filed 
 or entered on the probate minutes in the office of the clerk of the county court 
 and was not a part of the records in this case until the same was filed and was 
 then immediately taken out of the files by me and was in my possession when 
 Brown testified. After he had testified to the condition of the order made by 
 him I confronted him with the original order and he then testified that it was 
 not the order he signed. We presented all of these facts to the grand jury, 
 with the result that an indictment was returned against Brown charging him 
 with perjury * * *. 
 
 "An indictment was returned by the grand jury against P. B. France charging 
 him with the embezzlement of $2,131.71 of the funds of the estate of William 
 McKinley Clayton, a minor. The administration of the estate of this minor very 
 nearly parallels the administration of the estate of Gracie I. Berryhill, a minor. 
 Bates B. Burnett was the former guardian of this minor and as such guardian 
 squandered large sums of money belonging to the estate. A settlement of Bur- 
 nett's accounts by the county court disclosed a shortage of approximately $75,000. 
 P. B. France was appointed as guardian to succeed Burnett and has been acting 
 as such guardian for a period of about three years ; during this time France and 
 bis attorneys have failed and neglected to recover the shortage due this estate 
 from Burnett and his bondsmen. * * * 
 
 "An audit of the accounts of Mr. France as guardian of this estate, made by 
 Probate Auditor Richardson, which audit is not yet fully complete, discloses the 
 fact that France has continued to dissipate and squander this estate. Just as 
 soon as this audit is completed we intend to ask for the removal of France and to 
 take steps to recover the shortage in these accounts from France and his bonds- 
 men, which shortage will run into thousands of dollars. Mr. France is one of the 
 most prominent business men of Sapulpa. 
 
 " The grand jury returned two indictments against J. H. N. Cobb, one for pre- 
 paring false evidence in copnection with his final report as guardian of Mary 
 Hutke, an incompetent full-blood Indian, and one indictment for perjury on 
 account of testimony given by him in connection with the same matter. 
 
 " Specific reference to this case was made in my letter to you of September 
 
 18. 1915. . ^ ^ „ ^r ^ ^v. 
 
 " The intJictment for perjury is based upon testimony given by J. H. N. Cobb 
 in the county court of Creek County upon the settlement of the final accounts of 
 said defendant as guardian of the said Mary Hutke, to the effect that he, Cobb, 
 had paid Elizabeth Sapulpa upon a claim of $5,000 the sum of $4,513.33 of 
 
 38147—16 i 
 
50 FIVE CIVILIZED TEIBES OF INDIANS. 
 
 the funds of this estate when in truth and in fact he had only paid her the sum 
 of $3,850. 
 
 " The indictment for preparing false evidence is based upon a false receipt for 
 $4,513.33, which was offered by Cobb as a voucher for the payment of this sum to 
 Elizabeth Sapulpa. 
 
 " Mr. Cobb was a member- of the constitutional conveiition which wrote 
 Oklahoma's constitution, was for a long time United States district Indian 
 agent at Sapulpa, is now a member of the board of county commissioners of 
 Creek County, secretary of the Commercial Club of the City of Sapulpa, and a 
 minister of the gospel. * « * 
 
 " Two indictments were returned against James J. Mars, one charging him 
 jointly with Micco Behen with offering false evidence in connection with the 
 final report of Micco Behen as guardian of Thomas Robbins, a minor. This 
 case has heretofore been fully reported to you by Probate Attorney Ligon, who, 
 at the time of filing of said report, attempted to prosecute these parties for this 
 offense by information, with the result that the defendants were whitewashed 
 by the ofiicers of Creek County, and Mr. Ligon severely criticized by the official 
 organ of Creek County for his efforts in attempting to bring these parties to 
 justice, the specific charge in this case being that Mars and Behen forged the 
 name of Aney Tiger and Johnson Barnett to a receipt for $100 and offered 
 same as a voucher with the final report of Micco Behen. The other indictment 
 against Mars charges him with forging the name of Martha Hagie, a full- 
 blood Creek Indian woman, to a check for $15 and procuring the money on said 
 check from the bank in which Martha Hagie had her money on deposit. This 
 defendant has long been a prominent lawyer in Creek County, and is now a 
 member of the bar of that county * * *." 
 
 These are by no means isolated cases of graft and corruption. There have 
 been hundreds of well-to-do Indian minors made paupers by improper and 
 corrupt administration of their estates through the county courts of Oklahoma. 
 
 I have called your attention to the legislation that has been enacted during 
 the past seven years, having for its purpose the relinquishment of departmental 
 jurisdiction over the Oklahoma Indians. I have shown you the effort that was 
 made in 1912 to do away with Indian agents who were the personal and direct 
 representatives of the Secretary of the Interior and who were appointed in 
 order that the Secretary of the Interior might be advised at first hand as to 
 the needs and requirements of the individual Indian. I brought that matter to 
 your attention because, as I view this matter, the same principle was involved 
 in the fight as is involved here. There was but one argument advanced in 
 opposition to the district agents. That was to do away with them would ex- 
 pedite the sale and leasing of Indian lands. The press and public, generally, in 
 Oklahoma, supported the opposition to these agents. 
 
 The arguments here advanced that it would expedite transfer of lands and 
 afford an easier and shorter way for those holding claims against Indians to 
 receive their money. Again we find the same forces supporting this measure. 
 
 It was to expedite the sale and transfer of minors' lands that the county 
 courts of Oklahoma were given jurisdiction over the estates of minors. I have 
 called your attention to a few ofthe many cases of fraud which has resulted 
 from this jurlsdi(!tional act. I do not believe that the argument is sound ; that 
 there would be a greater measure of protection afforded' the Indians under the 
 supervision of the superintendent to the Five Civilized Tribes, however honest, 
 sincere, and capable he may be, than is now being afforded these Indian children 
 under the administration of the county courts. The county judges of Okla- 
 homa, as a rule, are honorable men ; they are trained lawyers and have politi- 
 cal ambitions. They would not knowingly permit a minor to be robbed, but, 
 notwithstanding this protection, the insidious gtafters of our State have, as 
 shown by the records, by one device or another, been able to rob the minors 
 out of millions of dollars. They would not undertake this practice in dealing 
 with the Secretary of the Interior, and the knowledge of the fact that deeds, 
 oil and gas leases, and restricted funds are now supervised by the Secretary 
 of the Interior, is, itself, in my judgment, a great protection to the Indian. 
 
 In his report to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, dated June 11, 1915, 
 the superintendent to the Five Civilized Tribes, calls attention to a report re- 
 ceived from Mr. George R. Clements, which the superintendent says is one 
 of the most illuminating and interesting documents that his office has received 
 in connection with the poverty and destitution among the Indians, and the 
 causes thereof. After discussing the many frauds committed in his section of 
 the State, Mr. Clements concludes his report as follows : 
 
FIVE CIVILIZED TEIBES OP INDIANS. 51 
 
 " In conclusion please permit us to say, that when an evil is mentioned it 
 seems pertinent always that some remedy should be suggested. Therefore, for 
 the improvement of a condition of destitution now so prevalent among the 
 Indians in this section that it is not for a moment disputed by anyone familiar 
 with the real situation, we offer for consideration the following suggestions : 
 
 "1. The revocation of that part of section 9 of the law of May 27, 1908, 
 which removes the restrictions from restricted laud upon the death of an 
 allottee. There are many cases in this district where Indians have received, 
 say as much as $1,000 for their interest in inherited land, and, after a sale 
 has been consumated, have taken the first train for Fort Smith, Ark., or for 
 Dallas, Tex., where intoxicants are freely dispensed, and returned from there 
 in less than a week not only penniless, but suffering severely from the effects 
 of their saturnalia. This condition is so well known that to descant upon it 
 would be superfluous. All land of deceased restricted allottees should be sold 
 by the department, and the proceeds thereof disbursed for the benefit of the 
 heirs in the same manner as are now disbursed the land-sale funds of re- 
 stricted living allottees. This alone would not only relieve much destitution, 
 but it would put a stop to the present wholesale debauching of so many of 
 our Indians. 
 
 " 2. The revocation of that part of section 23 of the law of April 26, 1906, as 
 amended by sections 8 and 9 of the law of May 27, 1908, which permits 
 as a restricted Indian, after his decease, to dispose of all of his allot- 
 ment that he is not considered competent to dispose of to his best Interest 
 during his lifetime. How very inconsistent this appears to be. We have 
 known of many cases of old and infirm Indians being induced in different ways 
 to execute wills in favor of nefarious land speculators. Within a short time 
 after these wills have been executed some of them have very suddenly died, for 
 causes apparently unknown. While everything in connection with their death 
 may be regular, yet it does not always appear so. Still, the evidence is so 
 weak that it is utterly impossible to accomplish anything before courts that are 
 largely in sympathy, we are bold to say, with those who follow this practice. 
 It ■ would reasonably seem that no restricted Indian should be permitted to 
 dispose by last will and testament of any real estate that he is not considered 
 competent advantageously to dispose of during his lifetime. Again let us say 
 that all land of deceased restricted allottees should be sold by, the department 
 and the proceeds thereof disbursed for the benefit of the heirs in the same 
 manner as are now disbursed the land sale funds of restricted living allottees. 
 
 "3. The revocation of that part of section 2 of the law of May 27, 1908, 
 which permits a restricted Indian to lease for agricultural purposes, without 
 departmental approval, his homestead allotment. To lease restricted home- 
 stead without departmental approval, an application should be filed, similar to 
 that for removal of restrictions, which should require the allottee to make a 
 showing as to why it is necessary to lease his homestead and as to whether he 
 is capable of handling to his best interest the leasing of his homestead. 
 
 "The moment an attempt. is made to revoke any of three provisions of law 
 mentioned above a cry will go up from the whole of eastern Oklahoma that the 
 Federal Government is attempting to retard the development of the State. 
 Must we make prey and paupers of our Indians in order to develop the State 
 of Oklahoma? Must we sit idly by and permit to be outrageously robbed and 
 sacrificed a race of people for the sake of the so-called development of one 
 State? A thousand times no ! Most certainly the welfare of a race of human 
 beings is of far greater importance than is the mere development of any State. 
 Jesus Christ considered that one soul is of more value than the whole world. 
 Surely, then, the saving of our Indians in Oklahoma is of more importance 
 than is the development of a State. 
 
 " But the saving of our Indians will not retard the development of this State. 
 That is only a hallucination of a band of predatory land speculators — a bunch 
 of rapacious land pirates who by its employment seek to exert extraordinary 
 influence over the powers that be for their own selfish gain. Other States 
 and other countries have been developed, not by sacrificing and destroying, but 
 by promoting the health, the wealth, and the happiness of their inhabitants. 
 In like manner can Oklahoma also be developed. What we need back of this 
 Indian problem more than anything else is not avaricious land pirates, but 
 men— men that are big enough and strong enough to stand for truth and right- 
 men who have faith that right makes might, and in that faith to the end dare 
 to do their duty as they understand it. 
 
52 FIVE UIVIIJZED TRIBES OP INDIANS. 
 
 " In Closing I will add that all I have said in these pages is prompted only by 
 a consciousness of the duty that I, bj' reason of my position, owe to these help- 
 less people, in the protection of whose welfare we are so seriously hampered 
 because of improper and inadequate laws. In many of the opinions that I have 
 expressed I may be wrong. No man is infallible. But I have recited only the 
 actual conditions as they appear to me in my work. If the slightest good comes 
 as a result of these few well-intended remarks, then I shall consider myself 
 amply rewarded." 
 
 Congress has for several years appropriated $85,000 annually for the employ- 
 ment of probate attorneys. These attorneys have done a wonderful amount of 
 good in ferreting out and bringing to justice delinquent guardians and in recov- 
 ering estates for minors, but the beneficial results of this system arise largely 
 from the fact that the public realize that these agents of the Department of the 
 Interior are upon the ground and are watching the conduct of men dealing 
 with minors, and therefore the grafter has been slow to attempt the frauds 
 which were heretofore committed in county courts. 
 
 Mr. Hastings and Mr. Ferris, in discussing this proposed legislation, expressed 
 great confidence in the ability, integrity, and fidelity to their trust of the Secre- 
 tary of the Interior and the Commissioner of Indian Affairs. The high tribute 
 paid to these officials by these two gentlemen, whose contact with them has 
 been intimate, expresses the sentiment of every man who is familiar with the 
 effort they are making to improve the conditions existing among the Indians 
 of Oklahoma. 
 
 These gentlemen concede that the Secretary of the Interior now has authority 
 to vest in the superintendent for the Five Civilized Tribes all of the powers 
 proposed to be delegated to him by the Hastings bill. It seems to me that in- 
 stead of Congress undertaking to experiment with the destinies of great tribes 
 of Indians it would be wiser and safer to leave undisturbed the jurisdiction 
 that is now vested in the Secretary of the Interior, that he might exercise this 
 discretion, applying the experiences of the past in determining whether or not 
 in specific cases his local representative in Oklahoma should be empowered to 
 act finally. 
 
 With great respect, I remain. 
 
 Very sincerely, R. C. Allen, 
 
 • National Attorney Creek Nation. 
 
 Mr. Meritt. I think that is all I desire to say at this time. I will 
 be glad to answer any questions. 
 
 The Chairman. Mr. Meritt desired that he be permitted to go 
 through with his statement in order that it might be complete in the 
 record. You may now ask him any questions you desire to ask. I 
 think perhaps it would be a more orderly way to proceed if any mem- 
 ber of the committee desires to ask questions, for him to proceed, and 
 then others who are interested in the matter may ask questions. I 
 think it would be advisable for the members of the committee to 
 question Mr. Meritt first. Is there any member of the committee who 
 desires to ask him questions ? 
 
 Mr. KoNOP. I would like to have an opportunity to read some of 
 those reports and letters first. 
 
 Mr. Carter. I should like to ask him a number of questions. 
 
 Mr. KoNOP. I would like to ask this question : Is Mr. Meritt going 
 to come up here after to-day? 
 
 _ The Chairman. That depends upon whether the committee de- 
 cides to have him or not. 
 
 Mr. Carter. I suppose Mr. Meritt will be willing to come back. 
 
 Mr. Meritt. I will be glad to come here any time. 
 
 Mr. Carter. As this is not a personal contention, but is really a 
 contest in regard.to procedure, about which there seems to be a differ- 
 ence of opinion, and since the subject is strictly an impersonal one, I 
 know you will not mistake our zeal and enthusiasm in pursuing in- 
 quiries as any reflection on your record in the Indian service. Now, 
 I want to ask you first what is your official position? 
 
FIVE CIVILIZED T.EIBES OF INDIANS. 5S 
 
 ( Mr. Meritt. I am Assistant Commissioner of Indian Affairs, 
 i Mr. Carter. How were you appointed ? 
 ; Mr. Meritt. By the President. 
 
 Mr. Carter. And confirmed by the Senate. 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. 
 : Mr. Carter. What is your salary ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. $3,500 a year. 
 
 Mr. Carter. How long have you been in the service ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Ten years— approximately 10 years. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Wliat was your first position ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. My first position was clerk in the Indian Office. 
 
 Mr. Carter. How were you appointed to that? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. By the Secretary of the Interior, at $1,200 per annum. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Is your official position subordinate to that of the , 
 Commissioner of Indian Affairs? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir ; and also to the Secretary of the Interior. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Is the commissioner opposed to this bill ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Then, as Assistant Commissioner of Indian Affairs, it 
 would be your duty to carry out the policy of your superior ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir ; I am here at his request in opposition to this 
 bill. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Then, you speak for the commissioner himself? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. I do. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Why did not the Commissioner of Indian Affairs 
 come? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. The Commissioner of Indian Affairs has many duties 
 to perform. 
 
 Mr. Carter. He had too many duties to perform to-day to come? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Do you consider this a very important matter — this 
 Hastings bill? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. 
 
 Mr. Carter. And the commissioner so considers it? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. 
 
 Mr. Carter. It marks a very radical and, you contend, a revolu- 
 tionary change in the procedure of the Indian Office? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. We recognize that it is a very important bill and a 
 A'ery radical bill. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Can you see any inconsistency on the part of the 
 Coimnissioner of Indian Affairs by objecting to conferring on a 
 subordinate some real jurisdiction, or transferring from himself 
 some real jurisdiction, and at the same time calling upon a subor- 
 dinate to justify his position before this committee? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. You will recall, Mr. Carter, that I have been doing 
 the legislative work very largely for the bureau during the last five 
 or six years. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Why, of course. Somebody has had to do it. The 
 commissioner could not do it all himself. That is precisely the point 
 I wish to make. He can not possibly find time to pass upon the 
 ability of each Indian to conduct his own affairs, yet finds fault with 
 any plan giving a subordinate this power. How many Indians are 
 there in the United States, did you say? 
 Mr. Meritt. About 325,000. 
 
54 I'lVE CIVILIZED TItlBBS OP INDIANS. 
 
 Mr. Caetee. All of them under the supervision of the Indian 
 Bureau? . 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. Probably one-third of the Indians of the United 
 States have had their restrictions removed or received patents in fee. 
 
 Mr. Caetee. How many restricted Indians are there in the United 
 States ? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. Probably around 200,000 whose property is absolutely 
 under the jurisdiction of the Interior Department. 
 
 Mr. Caetee. Are any of the restricted Indians, so called, competent 
 to manage their own affairs? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. I would say there are some restricted Indians who are 
 competent to manage their own affairs. We recognize that fact, and 
 Secretary Lane has recently, within the last year, appointed two 
 commissions to visit various reservations ; and he expects to appoint 
 another commission to visit reservations for the purpose of deter- 
 mining who are competent Indians, so that they may have their re- 
 strictions removed. 
 
 Mr. Caetee. How many restrictions have been removed by the 
 commissions ? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. They have just begun the work, and the recommen- 
 dations of the commissions have not been finally passed upon by the 
 Secretary of the Interior. 
 
 Mr. Caetee. None have been removed to date? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. He has given them personal consideration. 
 
 Mr. Caetee. How many Indians are there in the Five Civilized 
 Tribes? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. There are enrolled in the Five Civilized Tribes, in 
 round numbers, 101,000 Indians, freedmen and intermarried whites. 
 
 Mr. Caetee. How many Indians? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. I would say approximately 75,000 Indians enrolled. 
 
 Mr. Caetee. There are probably 26,000 freedmen? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. 23,406 freedmen. 
 
 Mr. Caetee. Then, there must be 5,000 or 10,000 intermarried citi- 
 zens, are there not? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. I have the enrollment of the Five Civilized Tribes, 
 showing 26,789 full bloods, 3,534 mixed bloods of three-quarters or 
 more degree, 6,859 of one-half to three-quarters degree. That in- 
 cludes the restricted class, and makes a total of 37,182. Of the un- 
 restricted class, less than one-half Indian blood, including intermar- 
 ried citizens, there are 40,934, and there are 23,405 freedmen, making 
 a total of 64,339 who are within the unrestricted class. That makes 
 a grand total of 101,521 of the enrolled tribes. 
 
 Mr. Caetee. The line of demarcation is the line of blood. 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir ; it is so declared by Congress. 
 
 Mr. Carter. All Indians of one-half or more Indian blood are 
 restricted ? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. Partly restricted. 
 
 Mr. Caetee. I mean they have restricted land? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir. 
 
 Mr. Caetee. A person enrolled as a Choctaw, or Chickasaw, who 
 has one-half of Indian blood, has 160 acres of land, he can not sell, 
 hypothecate, or lease without permission of the Secretary of the 
 Interior, no matter how competent he may be. 
 
FIVE CIVILIZED. TRIBES OF INDIANS. 55 
 
 Mr. Meritt. We have different laws applying to the different 
 tribes in the Five Civilized Tribes. 
 
 Mr. Caeter. But that is the law I just stated, is it not? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Are any of these Indians self-supporting? Are any 
 of these restricted Indians among the Choctaws and Chickasaws 
 self-supporting ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir ; a number of them. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Are any of them educated ? 
 
 ]\Ir. Meritt. Yes, sir ; a number of them. 
 
 Mr. Carter. What percentage, would you say, of the Chickasaws 
 and Choctaws is educated? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. I would say that a great many of them have received 
 some education. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Could you give us any idea of the percentage — an 
 average? How many of them can read and write, would you say? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. I would not like to say offhand. 
 
 Mr. Carter. I will say, for the information of the committee, 
 that I am thoroughly familiar with this phase of the matter. I was 
 born and raised among these Indians. I do not hesitate to say that 
 between the ages of 15 and 40 there is not one Chickasaw or Choctaw 
 out of 100 who can not read and write. 
 
 Mr. Muerat. It is the old fellows that can not read and write ? 
 
 Mr. Carter. Yes, sir. The percentage of illiteracy, I would say, 
 without fear of contradiction, is lower than that of any other people 
 on the face of the earth. 
 
 You say some of them are self-supporting? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. 
 
 Mr. Carter. And competent? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. 
 
 Mr. Carter. And educated? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir; some of them are self-supporting and com- 
 petent and educated. A great majority have received some educa- 
 tion. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Are they not competent? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. I would not like to say that they are incompetent, 
 but I would not like to say that they were competent to the extent 
 of being able to handle their own affairs. 
 
 Mr. Carter. I have written down here forty-odd names of Indians 
 that I know personally, and I want to put those names in the record. 
 I just thought of these names as we went along. 
 
 Capt. Chas. Le Flore, Kiowa, president First National Bank, Choctaw, half 
 blood. 
 
 Paul E. Burney, Woodville, banker, Chickasaw, full blood. 
 
 S. J. Folsom, Heavener, banker, Choctaw, half blood. 
 
 Amanda Penner, Mill Creek, stockholder First State Bank, Chickasaw, half 
 blood. 
 
 Columbus Ervin, Ardmore, capitalist, Choctaw, half blood. 
 
 Allen Wright, McAlester, attorney for Khode Island Railroad, Choctaw, half 
 blood. 
 
 Thomas Hunter, Hugo, attorney, Choctaw, half blood. 
 
 D. C. McCurtain, Poteau, attorney, Choctaw, half blood. 
 
 Joshua Anderson, Talihina, attorney, Choctaw, three-quarter blood. 
 
 Joe S. May tubby, Wapanucka, attorney, Chickasaw, half blood. 
 
 George W. Burris, Stonewall, attorney, Chickasaw, half blood. 
 
 Walter J. TurnbuU, Durant, county attorney, Choctaw, half blood. 
 
56 FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OP INDIANS. 
 
 Rev. Frank Wi'iglit, evangelist, Choctaw, half blood. 
 James Frazier, Mill Creek, pi-eacher, Chickasaw, full blood. 
 James McCurtain, Enville, preacher, Chickasaw, full blood. 
 Dr. E. N. Wright, Olney, doctor, Choctaw, half blood. 
 
 Peter J. Hudson, Tuskahoma, farmer and stock raiser, Choctaw, full blood. 
 Peter Conser, Conser, farmer and stock raiser, Choctaw, half blood. 
 Emmett Ervln, Woodford, farmer, Choctaw, half blood. 
 Gilbert W. Dukes, Talihina, farmer, Choctaw, half blood. 
 Lyman D. Worcester, Wapanucka, farmer, Chickasaw, full blood. 
 Chlcklln Brown, Madlll, farmer, Chickasaw, full blood. 
 Solomon H. Mackey, McAlester, farmer, Choctaw, half blood. 
 Forbus Mosely, Bromide, farmer, Chickasaw, half blood. 
 Thomas Underwood, Mill Creek, farmer, Chickasaw, full blood. 
 Thomas Frazier, Mill Creek, farmer, Chickasaw, full blood. 
 John Harris, Mill Creek, farmer, Chickasaw, five-eighths blood. 
 Marvin J. Burris, Lula, postmaster, Chickasaw, half blood. 
 H. H. Burris, Tishomingo, farmer and stock raiser, Chickasaw, full blood. 
 William Le Flore, farmer, Choctaw, full blood. 
 Michael Le Flore, stockman, Choctaw, full blood. 
 David Folsom, Tishomingo, farmer, Chickasaw, three-quarter blood. 
 Nancy Smith, Tishomingo, Chickasaw, three-quarter blood. 
 Matilda Manning, Caddo, Choctaw, half blood. 
 Abe Brvin, Woodford, oil speculator, Choctaw, half blood. 
 Charles Townsend, Idabel, postmaster, Choctaw, half blood. 
 Melissa White, Wynnewood, Chickasaw, half blood. 
 Silas Bacon, Goodland, teacher, Choctaw, full blood. 
 Robert Harrison, Atoka, capitalist, Choctaw, half blood. 
 
 Wm. H. Harrison, Bokhoma, farmer, ex-representative Oklahoma Legislature, 
 Choctaw, half blood. 
 Albert S. Burney, Marietta, county commissioner, Chickasaw, half blood. 
 Darius Reynolds, Kemp, farmer, Chickasaw, half blood. 
 
 Mr. Norton. These gentlemen whose names you have given to the 
 committee are restricted Indians? 
 
 Mr. Carter. Yes, sir. 
 
 Mr. Norton. What is the extent of that restriction ? 
 
 Mr. Carter. They are restricted in lands to 160 acres. They are 
 restricted in lands and funds. 
 
 Mr. Norton. Has each one of these gentlemen v-hose names you are 
 to give to the committee 160 acres of land that he is not permitted to 
 sell? 
 
 Mr. Carter. Yes, sir ; he can not sell, lease, nor hypothecate. 
 
 Mr. Norton. But he is the owner of the land at the present time ? 
 
 Mr. Carter. Yes, sir. 
 
 Mr. Norton. Can you tell the committee whether or not they have 
 asked for a removal of the restrictions? 
 
 Mr. Carter. I think some of them have. I will mention one case. 
 We finally got that restriction removed in the last week. That was 
 the case of Matilda Manning. Her husband died some thirty-odd 
 years ago and left an estate involved in debt. With a large family 
 St ^^^^'^^®^' ^^^ P^i<i *ha* "Estate out, with very little to start with. 
 She has a competency herself now, has raised six or seven children, 
 two of whom are bankers while another is a stockman. Her daugh- 
 ters have married men who are doing well. Another son is in the 
 real estate business. She raised them and educated them. Now, she 
 came to the department for a removal of the restrictions. She went 
 to the field clerk; he recommended it. It was forwarded to the 
 superintendent and he recommended it. It came to the Commissioner 
 o± the Indian Office and it was turned down. After several weeks I 
 persuaded them that that woman ought to have her restrictions re- 
 
FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OP INDIANS. 57 
 
 moved and I thought if that ^Yoman needed a guardian some of us 
 should be m the msane asylum. 
 
 Mr. Miller. If the restriction was removed from those gentlemen 
 "^l*easTd°? -^ ^^^"^ ^^^^ *^®''' ''^^^^i^*®'^ land to whom they 
 
 Mr. Carter. Yes, sir. 
 
 Mr. Miller. Any white man ? 
 
 Mr. Carter. Yes, sir. 
 
 Mr. Miller. Suppose they should sell to a shrewd, sharp, white 
 man what would be the effect? Would not the white man have the 
 whole business in a little while ? 
 
 Mr. Carter. I will tell you exactly what would be the effect in 
 ™AT°^^^^*'^' "^^^ shrew, sharp, white man would get skinned. 
 
 Mr. Miller. Well, that is what ought to be done with them. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Mr. Miller, you understand that this bill does not 
 provide for the removal of restrictions at all. This bill simply trans- 
 fers the jurisdiction from one place to another. 
 
 Mr. Norton. How long have you been in Congress? 
 
 Mr. Carter. This is my ninth session. 
 
 Mr. Norton. Do you believe in having these restrictions removed? 
 
 Mr. Carter. I believe in having all restrictions removed on every 
 competent Indian and letting him go home. I would not say I be- 
 lieved in removing the restrictions of those who cannot take care of 
 themselves, of course. 
 
 Mr. Norton. But of those who can? 
 
 Mr. Carter. Yes, sir. Don't you believe in that ? 
 
 Mr. Norton. I think the gentleman knows I do. 
 
 Now, have you eyer proposed any legislation or done anything 
 during your service in Congress to have a law passed or placed upon 
 the statute books to remove those restrictions? 
 
 Mr. Carter. Yes, sir; the gentleman is doubtless aware of many 
 of our activities in connection with these matters. 
 
 The removal of restrictions act of May 27, 1908, remoA'ed re- 
 strictions completely on all lands — both surplus and homesteads — • 
 of all allottees of less than one-half Indian blood, which is some- 
 thing more than one-half those now embraced on the rolls of the 
 Five Civilized Tribes. The measure also removed restrictions on the 
 surplus allotment of all other Indians of less than three-fourths 
 Indian blood, which would embrace one-half the remainder. This 
 would leave still remaining about one-half the membership of the 
 tribes with restrictions on their homestead allotments and one- fourth 
 of the original enrollment with restrictions on both surplus and home- 
 stead. Incidentally, I will say that the abstract division on the lines 
 of quantum of blood is not a fair test, for many of those of one-half 
 or more Indian blood are just as capable of caring for their affairs 
 as any Yankee, Englishman, Jew, or anyone else, but the blood test 
 was about all we could resort to at the time this law was enacted. 
 Since the passage of this act I have introduced numerous bills seek- 
 ing relief from these conditions. One of the most important was 
 that for reducing the homestead allotments, introduced in every ses- 
 sion of Congress since 1909 I think. During the Sixty-second Con- 
 gress, I believe it was, we succeeded after a hard fight in having this 
 bill favorably reported by this committee, but the fight before the 
 
58 FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OF INDIANS. 
 
 committee dragged out so long that by the time the bill was re- 
 ported the calendar had become sufficiently congested to prevent its 
 consideration before adjournment. 
 
 Of all the bills I have introduced to relieve our Indians from these 
 conditions this bill was the only one to which I have ever succeeded 
 in getting the stamp of approval of the department. In fact, all 
 other bills we have proposed for such relief have met a similar fate 
 to that of this Hastings bill now under consideration, to wit, not 
 only an adverse department report, but vigorous opposition from the 
 Indian Bureau, backed up by the further opposition of Members of 
 this committee and of the House. 
 
 Mr. Norton. I thought I understood the gentleman to say that the 
 Hastings bill had no reference to the removal of restrictions. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Certainly; I said that the bill would not remove 
 restrictions. The Hastings bill does not remove restrictions; it 
 simply transfers jurisdiction from this man to that man, but it cuts 
 out the necessity for sending applications to the Washington city 
 office. 
 
 Mr. Norton. I want to say if he has any bill before Congress that 
 will provide for the easy removal of the restrictions I shall support 
 it, and I shall be glad to have my attention called to it. 
 
 Mr. Carter. I have one now. 
 
 Mr. Norton. What is that? 
 
 l\Ir. Carter. A bill in reference to reducing homesteads. 
 
 Mr. Ko]sop. What is the law now pertaining to these restrictions? 
 
 Mr. Carter. The present law provides restrictions on the entire 
 allotment of all Indians of three-fourths or more Indian blood and 
 restrictions on the homestead allotment of all Indians of one-half or 
 more Indian blood running up to three-fourths. In addition to this 
 the Secretary may remove restrictions on any part of these allotted 
 lands or may sell any part and distribute the proceeds under rules 
 and regulations of his department. 
 
 . Now, let me go ahead with my questions. Mr. Meritt, you say 
 that you believe these Indians who are competent should be turned 
 loose ? 
 
 _ Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir ; we will be very glad to remove the restric- 
 tions on those gentlemen whose names you have read. 
 
 Mr. Carter. You have had nine years to make these removals. 
 How many restrictions have you removed? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. The act of May 2T, 1908, removed restrictions 
 
 Mr. Carter (interposing). How many have you removed under 
 authority of the Secretary? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. The act of May 27, 1908, removed restrictions on more 
 than 10,000,000 acres of land in eastern Oklahoma. 
 
 Mr. Carter. You are mistaken about that. You are figuring on 
 320 acres to every Indian, and they did not actually get that much. 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Since that date the Secretary of the Interior has re- 
 moved restrictions on between two and three million acres of land. 
 
 Mr. Carter. On how many Indians? 
 
 Air. MjiraiT. I do not know the exact number. 
 
 Mr. Carter. You gave us a report for 1912, in which the Secre- 
 tary said that restrictions had been removed on only 250,000 acres. 
 
 Mr. Meritt. I find here a table showing the removal of restrictions 
 in the Five Civilized Tribes since 1909, under the act of May 27, 
 
FIVE CIVILIZED TKIBES OF INDIANS. 59 
 
 1908. We have removed restrictions on 7,788 tracts of land, making 
 a total of 462,230 acres. 
 
 Mr. Carter. How many Indians? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. It gives the number of tracts of land as 7,788. 
 
 Mr. Carter. I want to 'isk you about procedure. Talv'e the re- 
 moval of restrictions applications. With Avhom must they be filed ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. With the field clerk. 
 
 Mr. Carter. The application, then, is not originallv filed with the 
 Superintendent for the Five Civilized Tribes? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. No, sir. 
 
 Mr. Carter. In effect, then, your argument that the man who re- 
 ceives applications for removal of restrictions should not be given 
 the right to remove restrictions would not apply, would it ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. The field clerk is a subordinate in the office of Super- 
 intendent Parker. 
 
 Mr. Carter. And that field clerk is sometimes 150 miles away 
 from the office? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. 
 
 Mr. Carter. He is a civil-service employee? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Well, what does the field clerk do with the appli- 
 cation ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. He makes an investigation and submits his report to 
 Superintendent Parker. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Then what does Superintendent Parker do with the 
 application ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. He considers the report of the field clerk and submits 
 a report to the Indian Office with his recommendation. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Then what does the commissioner do ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. The commissioner recommends to the Secretary of 
 the Interior 
 
 Mr. Carter (interposing). Now, let us be perfectly fair about this. 
 Wait a minute. He does not recommend to the Secretary 
 
 Mr. Meritt (interposing) . As I stated in the Senate hearing, the 
 application is received in the Indian Affairs office and it goes to the 
 clerk who handles removal restrictions. 
 
 Mr. Carter. How many clerks are there who handle them ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. There are two or three clerks in that office who pass 
 on these matters. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Who are they ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Mr. George Keed and Mr. John Dawson and Mr, 
 William Gould. 
 
 Mr. Carter. What salaries do they get ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Mr. Keed and Mr. Dawson get $1,800, while Mr. 
 Gould gets $1,200. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Then, what becomes of the application after these 
 clerks act upon it? 
 
 Mr.' Meritt. The removal of restrictions goes either to the desk 
 of the commissioner or the assistant commissioner. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Where does it go from there ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. To the Interior Department for the action of Secre- 
 tary Sweeney. 
 
 Mr. Carter. And then where does it go ? 
 
 Mr Meritt. He acts on it and returns it to the Indian Office. 
 
«60 FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OE INDIANS. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Then where does it go ? ; 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. To the, Superintendent for the Five Civilized Trices. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Then where? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Each Indian is notified of the action of the depart- 
 ment. 
 
 Mr. Carter. According to your statement, it first goes to the field 
 ■clerk, then to the Superintendent for the Five Civilized Tribes, then 
 to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs for recommendation 
 
 Mr. Meeitt (interposing). It does not then go to the Commis- 
 sioner of Indian Affairs. It goes directly from the mailing room to 
 the clerk who handles the removal of restriction cases. 
 
 Mr. Carter. All right. It goes from the field clerk to the superin- 
 tendent, and from the superintendent to the Indian Office, and from 
 the Indian Office to the mailing room to the clerk who handles the 
 restriction cases, and from that clerk to the commissioner, and the 
 assistant commissioner 
 
 Mr. Meritt. No, sir. It goes either to the commissioner or the 
 assistant commissioner. 
 
 Mr. Carter. From the field clerk to the superintendent, from the 
 superintendent to the clerk, from the clerk to the commissioner, from 
 the commissioner to the Secretary. Now, does it go to a clerk in the 
 Secretary's office? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. No, sir. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Does it go back to the commissioner ? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. It goes back to the Indian Office, and from there it is 
 mailed out to the superintendent. 
 
 Mr. Caetee. Eight times. You are talking about checks and bal- 
 ances. It seems to me that is checks and balances with a vengeance. 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. You will remember, Mr. Carter, that Supt. Parker 
 stated in the hearing in the Senate that these removals of restriction 
 tases and the approval of oil leases were back in his office within 15 
 days, with either favorable or unfavorable action. 
 
 Mr. Carter. I want to say, in justice to the commissioner, that I 
 think they have been handling the oil and gas leases somewhat more 
 expeditiously. But I can not say as much for your work on the re- 
 moval of restriction cases and other matters. So, Mr. Meritt, accord- 
 ing to your statement, the commissioner himself does not go into this 
 report and analyze it? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Not unless it is an unusual case. 
 
 Mr. Carter. The clerk does that — the clerk in the Indian Bureau 
 does that, and the commissioner usually acts on the clerk's recom- 
 mendation, does he not? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. That is true, to a large extent. 
 
 Mr. Carter. I loiow it is, because you said something about this in 
 the Senate. 
 
 Mr. Meritt. You understand that the duties of the officials are so 
 great that they can not investigate the details of each one of these 
 ■cases. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Now, with reference to Mr. Dawson — and he may be a 
 splendid clerk— and these other clerks, who are splendid officials and 
 perhaps should have more salary than they are getting 
 
 Mr. Miller (interposing). I do not think that is a fair statement. 
 One might infer that salary influences a man's action. 
 
FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OF INDIANS. 6L 
 
 Mr. Caktee. No ; I simply say perhaps they should have more than 
 they have. 
 
 We have here a proposition of a man whose action is really reviewed 
 not by the commissioner himself but by a clerk. 
 
 Mr. Meritt. You will recognize immediately that that is why the 
 clerks are furnished to these bureaus — so that they can pass on these 
 cases. They have to work out these cases. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Why, of course. It is necessary to have them. The 
 commissioner could not do it himself. 
 
 Mr. Meritt. That is true. That applies also to Cabinet officers.. 
 They have to depend on bureau heads, and the bureau heads have to 
 depend on clerks in the offices. 
 
 Mr. Carter. In the last analysis, the Commissioner of Indian 
 Affairs relies not on himself, but on Mr. Dawson, which I have no 
 doubt is a safe thing to do. 
 
 Mr. Meritt. I want to say that there are in these departments 
 able men who are never heard of, but who come nearer shaping the 
 policy of a bureau than a great many people think, because they 
 have had a long training. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Yes. I understand that sometimes that does good 
 and sometimes it does damage. Do you allow an application for re- 
 moval of a restriction to be filed directly with your office? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. It is not the usual thing to do. 
 
 Mr. Carter. How do you dispose of it? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. We refer it back to the superintendent for report and 
 recommendations. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Do you allow an application to be filed with the 
 superintendent at Muskogee? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Indians may file applications direct with the superin- 
 tendent, but he would get the report of the field clerk. 
 
 Mr. Carter. What have you to say about the cases of Turner and 
 Ervin, and what about Mrs. Page? In that case an application was 
 filed with the superintendent, and the application was returned be- 
 cause it had not been filed with the field clerk. 
 
 Mr. Meritt. I have sent a telegram to Mr. Parker in regard to 
 that case. 
 
 Mr. Carter. I asked him about it, but he was rather guarded in 
 his answers. 
 
 Mr. Meritt. I will say that those papers are not now in the hands 
 of the bureau. . 
 
 Mr. Carter. You, of course, believe that every competent Indian 
 should be placed on his own responsibility? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. 
 
 Mr. Carter. That is the principal purpose of the Indian Bureau, 
 
 is it not ? T • i i 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. We want to give everyone who is competent 
 
 that privilege. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Does your bureau undertake to remove restrictions 
 without application ? . . , , 
 
 Mr. Meritt. We are doing that now, in connection with the com- 
 petencv commission. ^■ .- a 
 
 Mr. "^Carter. You do not remove them without application i 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir; in some cases. 
 
62 FIVE CIVILIZED TEIBES OE" INDIANS. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Have you done that in the Five Civilized Tribes? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. I think it is the purpose of the Secretary to send a 
 commission to the Five Civilized Tribes to pass upon the competency 
 of restricted Indians. I may say that the attitude of the office and 
 the department is to require Indians who are competent, and men 
 of the class you have named, to have their restrictions removed. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Yes; we hear that quite often, but unfortunately we 
 see very little of it. 
 
 Mr. Murray. If these restrictions are removed, some are condi- 
 tional and some are unconditional ? 
 
 Mr. Carter. Yes. 
 
 If the Hastings bill is passed, it would be necessary for the Indians 
 to file applications with the field clerk ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. 
 
 Mr. Carter. And that would be sent to the superintendent ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. 
 
 Mr. Carter. And the superintendent would then, himself, pass 
 upon it instead of its coming through all these channels? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir ; he would have final authority. 
 
 Mr. Carter. How is the Superintendent of the Five Civilized 
 Tribes appointed? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. He is appointed by the President and confirmed by 
 the Senate. 
 
 Mr. Carter. What is his salary? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. $5,000 a year. 
 
 Mr. Carter. How is the Commissioner of Indian Affairs ap- 
 pointed ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. By the President and confirmed by the Senate. 
 
 Mr. Carter. What is his salary ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. $5,000 a year. 
 
 Mr. Carter. There is absolutely no difference, then, either as to 
 manner of appointment or salary ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. No, sir. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Who is the present superintendent ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Mr. Gabe Parker. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Is he part Indian ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Had he ever been in the Indian Service before? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. He was at one time. He entered the service as 
 teacher. 
 
 Mr. Carter. As what? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. He entered the service, Mr. Carter, as a teacher in 
 the school of the Chickasaws and Choctaws, and was later super- 
 intendent of the Armstrong Academy. 
 
 Mr. Carter. He had a previous experience in the Indian Service? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Did he hold any official position when appointed 
 superintendent ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir ; he was Register of the Treasury. 
 
 Mr. Carter. How was he appointed to that position ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. He was appointed by the President of the United 
 States and confirmed by the Senate. 
 
 Mr. Carter. When was he appointed superintendent? 
 
FIVE CIVILIZED TEIBES OP INDIANS. 63 
 
 Mr. Meritt. He went into office January 1, 1915. 
 
 Mr. Carter. About how many applicants were there for that 
 position, do you know? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. I know that there were a good many. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Not less than 50, were there ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. A great many applicants. 
 
 Mr. Carter. I know I sent down many applications myself. Was 
 Mr. Parker himself an applicant? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. I think not. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Did any member of the Oklahoma delegation recom- 
 mend or request his appointment? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. I do not believe that he was recommended by either 
 the Senators or the Kepresentatives of that State. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Did you say that he was so recommended ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. No, sir ; I do not believe that he was recommended. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Did anyone acting in the capacity of public official, 
 private citizen, or otherwise indorse him for the place ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Not to my knowledge. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Did any citizen or resident of Oklahoma know that 
 he was to be appointed before he was decided upon ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. I believe it was a surprise to most of the officials. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Did anyone in Oklahoma request the appointment of 
 Mr. Parker? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. It was a personal appointment, I think. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Do you mean to say it was a personal appointment 
 of the Indian Bureau and the Secretary of the Interior ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. I think it was a personal appointment of Commis- 
 sioner Sells and Secretary Lane. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Before his selection they both doubtless looked into 
 his past record to see whether it was good or bad, did they not? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Is he an honest man ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Is he a capable man ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Is he an educated man ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. 
 
 Mr. Carter. He is a graduate of a college, is he not ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir ; I think so. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Has he lived long in Oklahoma ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. He has lived practically all his life in Oklahoma, I 
 believe. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Does he know anything about Indians ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir; he has a very intimate knowledge of their 
 affairs. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Has he an extensive acquaintance among them? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Now, Mr. Meritt, according to your statement, Mr. 
 Parker is educated, capable, honest, painstaking, and efficient. He 
 has had a successful experience not only in the Indian Service, but 
 in other important public offices. He is himself part Indian, was 
 born and raised among the Indians, understands their character 
 and wants intimately, and has an extensive acquaintance among the 
 
64 FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OF INDIANS. 
 
 members of the Five Civilized Tribes. He was appointed to his pres- 
 ent position as superintendent in the same manner as the Commis- 
 sioner of Indian Affairs and draws the same amount of salary. He 
 was also appointed without the recommendation, request, or even 
 the knowledge and consent of any person in Oklahoma and is, in 
 fact, a personal appointee of the Secretary of thfe Interior and Com- 
 missioner of Indian Affairs. He is, then, responsible for his appoint- 
 ment and for his reappointment and retention in office not to any 
 person — official, private citizen, or otherwise — ^in Oklahoma, but to 
 the administration in power and specifically to the bureau chief 
 whom he serves. In fact, you have given to Mr. Parker a clean bill 
 of health as to efficiency, honesty, experience, knowledge of details, 
 and manner of appointment. Now, let me ask you this further ques- 
 tion. Why should not this man, according to your 'own statement, 
 qualified, efficient, painstaking, honest, experienced in dealing with 
 Indian affairs and other public office, intimately acquainted with the 
 the Indians under his jurisdiction and himself an Indian, why should 
 not this man who, you say, has been weighed in the balance and 
 found not wanting, be just as safely trusted to sit down at close 
 range, face to face, across the table and judge of the capabilities of 
 one of these Indians as some law clerk 1,600 miles away, who per- 
 haps nevei had an hour's conversation with a dozen real civihzed 
 Indians in his entire existence? 
 
 Mr. Mbritt. My answer is found in the statement which I have 
 already made this morning. 
 
 Mr. Caetee. I would like to have you answer that. Why could 
 he not be trusted to pass on these matters? We would like to have 
 your real reason. , 
 
 Mr. Meritt. I would say that it would be unwise to invest Mr. 
 Parker with this tremendous responsibility, first, because Mr. Parker 
 is not a lawyer and has had no legal training or large experience. 
 
 Mr. Caetee. Why was not a lawyer appointed, then? Can you 
 tell me that? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. For the simple reason that we did not anticipate that 
 legislation would subsequently pass vesting in the superintendent 
 all the authority vested in the Commissioner of Indian Affairs and 
 the Secretary of the Interior. 
 
 Mr. Caetee. The commissioner simply passes upon Mr. Parker's 
 recommendations. Mr. Parker makes the initial recommendation, 
 and when he does it, it is his duty to look into the law and advise 
 the commissioner on the law? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir ; but we have the record before us. We have 
 the record before us and we are familiar with the laws and can de- 
 termine for ourselves whether or not his opinions are correct. 
 
 Mr. Caetee. The superintendent's bureau is supplied with ex- 
 perienced law clerks. He makes conclusions under the laws, because 
 T have seen his reports. 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir; and occasionally they are wrong. 
 
 Mr. Caetee. How do the Indians of the Five Civilized Tribes 
 regard this bill? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. I would say that both the citizens of Oklahoma and 
 the Indian 
 
 Mr. Carter (interrupting). Why do you say "citizens"? I was 
 asking about Indians. 
 
FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OE INDIANS. 65 
 
 Mr. Meritt. I would say that public opinion in Oklahoma is 
 favorable. 
 
 _ Mr. Carter. Can you not give a direct answer to a simple ques- 
 tion? Did I ask you anything about public opinion or whether the 
 Indians are in favor of this bill ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. I would not like to pass upon that, because I can not 
 differentiate between public opinion and the Indians. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Then you do not know how the Indians feel about it ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. I think part are in favor and part are opposed. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Have you any protests at all from the Indians? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir; we hare heard that there are some who are 
 opposed. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Will you fvirnish the names? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. We have not received any written protests. 
 
 Mr. Carter. I thought so. Mr. Meritt, do you think the super- 
 intendent should be given more jurisdiction than he has now ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. I think that the office and the department believe that 
 there is certain legislation that should be enacted which would give 
 the superintendent some additional jurisdiction. 
 
 Mr. Carter. But you have never recommended legislation like 
 that, although you believe in it? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir ; we have. 
 
 Mr. Carter. To give the superintendent more jurisdiction? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. 
 
 Mr. Carter. When did you make any such recommendation? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. There was legislation that we recommended to this 
 Congress last year and the year before last. It was in regard to 
 agricultural leases. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Oh, you can transfer that jurisdiction without legis- 
 lation. 
 
 Mr. Meritt. No, sir ; we want the superintendent to have authority 
 to approve agricultural leases where he does not have it now. I am 
 talking now about the law that needs to be amended, so that we can 
 protect the rights of the Indians. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Oh, I understand, you now. What you asked was 
 more paternalism over the Indian and not a relinquishment of any 
 of your power to the superintendent. 
 
 Mr. Meritt. I think the legislation that we recommended this 
 morning would cover it. 
 
 ■ Mr. Carter. Do you think that the Secretary himself should pass 
 upon these restriction matters? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir; I do. 
 
 Mr. Carter. You do not think it would be safe to trust the Com- 
 missioner of Indian Affairs to do that? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. I think someone should review the recommendation 
 of the Superintendent for the Five Civilized Tribes. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Do you think the commissioner could do that? 
 
 Mr! Meritt. Yes, sir ; I think that would be entirely satisfactory. 
 
 Mr! Carter. You spoke a while ago of the Kagama case, and you 
 quoted from that case. Can you turn to that? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Will you read that quotation? 
 
 38147—16 5 
 
C6 FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OF INDIANS. 
 
 Mr. Meritt (reading) : 
 
 These Indian tribes are the wards of the Nation. They are communities 
 dependent on tlie United State.?. Dependent largely for their daily food. De- 
 pendent for tlieir political riglits. They owe no allegiance to the States and 
 receive from them no protection. Because of the local ill feeling the people of 
 the States where they are found are often their deadliest enemies. From tlieir 
 very weakness helplessness, so largely due to the course of dealing of the 
 Federal Government with them and the treatie.s in which it has been promised, 
 there arises the duty of protection, and with it the power. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Does the Indian affairs office stand for the platform 
 of the Kagama case; is that the position with relation to Indian 
 affairs ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. That case does not apply to Oklahoma. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Then why is it quoted? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. It does not apply as forcibly as to other reservations. 
 It simply shows that the incompetent and restricted Indians need 
 the protection of the Federal Government. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Would you say that prejudice existed in a State 
 where a United States Senator, the governor, the lieutenant gov- 
 ernor, and the Speaker of the House were Indian citizens ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. The Indians of the Five Civilized Tribes have been 
 given larger political I'ights than the Indians of many other tribes. 
 
 Mr. Carter. The Kagama case was reported in 1883, was it not? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. It was quite a number of years ago. 
 
 Mr. Carter. You spoke about the Mott report and the conditions 
 existing down there. What connection has that with this bill ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. It resulted largely from legislation enacted by Con- 
 gress, and also because of local conditions. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Did you not find your Superintendent and the Com- 
 missioner for the Five Civilized Tribes, who was his predecessor, 
 most active in fighting those cases ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. 
 
 Mr. Carter. They were perhaps the most active, except Mr. Hast- 
 ings, who now presents this bill? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. They all did splendid work. 
 
 Mr. Carter. All these things occurred under the present systeip 
 and under the present laws as they exist? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. I would not say that they occurred under the present 
 system, because the Indian Bureau was not responsible for those 
 conditions. 
 
 Mr. Carter. They occurred under the present system of laws? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir; it was the result of legislation enacted by 
 Congress. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Laws enacted by Congress in two acts— the act of 
 April 26, 1906, and that of May 27, 1908? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. 
 
 Mr. Carter. The act of April 26, 1906, was passed before Okla- 
 homa was a State? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Who wrote the act of May 27, 1908, that you are 
 condemning? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. A number of people had a hand in it. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Secretary of the Interior Garfield and Solicitor Wood- 
 ruff, did they not? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. 
 
FIVE CIVILIZED TEIBES OF IXDIAXS. 67 
 
 Mr. Carter. You spoke of political appointees. What did you 
 mean by that? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. I meant by that that men appointed by the President 
 and confirmed by the Senate, who may be changed every four years, 
 are necessarily political appointees. 
 
 Mr. Carter. That is the way the Commissioner of Indian Affairs 
 is appointed, is it not? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. 
 
 Mr. Carter. That is the way the assistant commissioner is ap- 
 pointed, is it not? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Not necessarily, because I have a civil-service status. 
 
 Mr. Carter. But you are appointed by the President and con- 
 firmed by the Senate? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. Because of my previous work in the bureau 
 I had a civil-service status when I was appointed assistant commis- 
 sioner. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Do you think that the appointment of Mr. Parker 
 was more of a political appointment than the appointment of the 
 Commissioner of Indian Affairs? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. No, sir. I want to say that I think one of the greatest 
 injustices that is done to the Indians of this country is changing the 
 Commissioner of Indian Affairs every four years. 
 
 Mr. Carter. I think, if I had my way, I would change them 
 oftener. You spoke about having an Assistant Secretary of the In- 
 terior. What would be the difference between having an Assistant 
 Secretary of the Interior and a Superintendent of the Five Civilized 
 Tribes? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. I said if we must have legislation along this line, that ■ 
 would be an improvement. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Would calling a fellow Assistant Secretary of the 
 Interior improve his status and capabilities? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. You understand, it is in addition to the present Super- 
 intendent for the Five Civilized Tribes. He would be there to 
 supervise and check the work of the superintendent. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Well, that is all. I believe we have nine different 
 slots through which an application for the removal of restrictions 
 must now pass with all the numerous delays at each slot. All that 
 the Hastings bill attempts to do is to cut out some of those slots and 
 expedite action. The Hastings bill does not remove restrictions on a 
 single Indian. 
 
 Mr. Meritt. No, sir; it does not; but it makes possible an easier 
 removal. 
 
 Mr. Carter. And you think it is a good thing for men who are 
 competent ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. 
 
 Mr. Carter. You do not think it would be done for men who are 
 not competent, do you? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. I have the highest regard for Mr. Parker. I do not 
 want anything I say to be construed as a reflection upon Mr. Parker. 
 
 Mr. Carter. He is an honest man? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. 
 
 Mr. KoNOP. What governs you before you are qualified to remove 
 restrictions? Does it tak» any legal training to know whether an 
 Indian is competent or not? 
 
68 FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OF INDIANS. 
 
 Mr. Mbritt. No, sir. 
 
 Mr. KoNOP. Can not a man without legal training know whether 
 an Indian is capable of taking care of himself or his affairs? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. No, sir; I would not say that it requires legal training. 
 
 Mr. KoNOP. In the removal of restrictions on land, does it require 
 legal knowledge to say whether or not an Indian is competent to 
 take care of his estate? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. No, sir. 
 
 Mr. KoNOP. You have brought out the point that Mr. Parker is 
 not an attorney or lawyer and that for that reason he was not com- 
 petent to remove restrictions on Indians. 
 
 Mr. Mehitt. You must understand that the superintendent has 
 a great many more things to do than to remove restrictions. He has 
 to pass very frequently upon contest cases involving property rights 
 where a quarter of a million dollars may be in question, and under 
 this law he would be the final arbiter without any right of appeal 
 in cases of that character. 
 
 Mr. KoNOP. Could you furnish for the record, by looking over 
 the records down at the department, figures showing how many In- 
 dians — ^not how much property — ^have had restrictions removed in 
 the last five years? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir ; I will be glad to include that in the record. 
 
 Mr. KoNOP. Now, about these field clerks 
 
 Mr. Meeitt (interposing). I believe I have already furnished 
 that information. 
 
 Mr. KoNOP. The number of Indians? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. Inquiry has been made of the superintendent for the 
 Five Civilized Tribes in whose office are kept the records as to re- 
 moval of restrictions on alienation of the allottees' lands. The super- 
 intendent is unable to furnish from his records at the present time, 
 the information requested as to the number of members of the Five 
 Civilized Tribes from whose allotments of land the restrictions upon 
 alienation were removed by order of the Secretary of the Interior 
 since the date of the act of Congress of May 27, 1908 (35 Stat. L., 
 312), or the number of said Indians from whose land the restric- 
 tions as to alienation were removed within the past five years. 
 
 Mr. KoNOP. Now, about these field clerks: They are civil service 
 appointees ? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir. 
 
 Mr. KoNOP. Are they new men, or are they men who are ex- 
 perienced ? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. They have been employed for a number of years. 
 
 Mr. KoNOP. They have been detailed from the bureau here? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. No, sir; they were appointed to the positions there 
 direct, without service in the bureau. 
 
 Mr. KoNOP. When application is made to the clerk, what does he 
 do ? Does he take it to the commissioner, or does he go and make a 
 personal investigation? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. He is not located in the office of the Five Civilized 
 Tribes at Muskogee. He is located in the regular station in the 
 field. When an Indian makes application he goes to the Indian him- 
 self, makes a personal investigation, and he submits a report to the 
 superintendent for the Five Civilized Tribes. That field clerk may 
 be 150 miles from the agency. 
 
FIVE CIVILIZED TBIBES OF INDIANS. 69 
 
 8% _ Mr. KoNOP. It is largely upon his recommendation that final action 
 
 is taken — either favorable or unfavorable ? 
 bii, Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. 
 
 Bji, Mr. KoNOP. When the record gets to the department, all you 
 
 (iitij have is the recommendation of the field clerk and the recommenda- 
 
 tion of the Superintendent for the Five Civilized Tribes ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. We have also the rolls of the Five Civilized Tribes, 
 ltd; which show the degree of the Indian blood, and the facts are re- 
 
 Bjdj. ported by the official. 
 
 Mr. KoNOP. I can not understand what good that would do. 
 flitlj Mr. Mekiit. It is very frequently the case that a full-blood In- 
 
 Ijij dian is not as competent as an Indian of half-blood. The degree of 
 
 Trf blood has a great deal to do with the competency in a great many 
 
 ijl cases. 
 
 ■ ifi* ^^- KoNOP. Then, to determine whether an Indian is competent 
 
 or incompetent does not necessarily require a lawyer. Any person 
 ij^,jj could do that? 
 
 ^^'i Mr. Meritt. It is not contended by the bureau that it requires a 
 
 ,,,^;, lawyer to pass upon the competency cases. 
 
 Mr. KoNOP. There was something said about a competency com- 
 ^^,. mission. 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir. 
 L.^ The Chairman. It will be necessary for us to stop at this time. 
 
 Mr. Meritt, if you can come back at 2 o'clock, we will appreciate it. 
 (Thereupon, at 12 o'clock m., the committee took a recess until 2 
 . , o'clock p. m. of the same day.) 
 
 , afternoon SESSION. 
 
 m 
 
 ^J The committee reconvened, pursuant to the taking of the recess, 
 
 "^ ■ at 2 o'clock p. m., Hon. John H. Stephens (chairman) presiding. 
 
 ^ STATEMENT OF ASSISTANT COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 
 
 "'-. E. B. MERITT— Resumed. 
 
 (iste 
 
 ^ . Mr. KoNOP. I was asking you, Mr. Meritt, about these competency 
 
 J"" commissions. You stated there were three commissions to ascertain 
 
 which Indians were competent and which were not, did you not? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. 
 s"^ Mr. KoNOP. How many are out? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. There are two commissions. 
 «5 Mr. KoNOP. Which are out in the field now? 
 
 i Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. 
 
 L-t' Mr. KoNOP. Who are the members of those commissions? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Maj. McLaughlin is serving on one of the commis- 
 ioisi* sions. He has been in the service longer than any one else now in 
 
 Bii" it at this time. He has been an inspector for the department for 
 
 many years. 
 rk' Maj. Thackery, superintendent of the Pima Reservation, in Ari- 
 
 'li^ zona, is head of the other commission. 
 
 ili* Mr. KoNOP. These commissioners are men from the service; they 
 
 toll' are. not men from outside? 
 
 mi! Mr. Meritt. They are nien from the Indian Seri^ice, and also in 
 
 the service of the Interior Department. 
 
70 PIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OP INDIANS. 
 
 Mr. KoNOP. You say one of these commissions has been out for 
 some time. How long has it been out ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Probably eight months. 
 
 Mr. KoNOP. Where have they been detailed to, Oklahoma, or 
 where else? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. They have been detailed to South Dakota, I think. 
 One commission is now working on the Yankton Reservation. That 
 is a reservation in the State of South Dakota, 
 
 Mr. KoNOP. Thus far they have made no report at all ? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir ; they have made reports to the Secretary of 
 the Interior, and the Secretary has those reports under consider- 
 ation, and it is expected that action will be taken on those reports 
 and quite a number of patents in fee will be issued at an early date. 
 
 Mr. Cartee. Mr. Dawson was to furnish the names of some In- 
 dians of the Five Civilized Tribes who had protested. 
 
 Mr. Dawson. I could not find the paper on my desk when I went 
 back. It is in the course of going around in the correspondence; 
 but, in the short time I had, I was not able to lay my fingers upon it. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Has the bureau received any papers from the Indians 
 in favor of the bill — from the Five Civilized Tribes ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Not that I recall. 
 
 Mr. Carter. I notice you say that Judge Allen filed a letter 
 against the bill. 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Have the tribal attorneys of the Choctaws and Chick- 
 asaws made any protests against the bill? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. No, sir ; they have not made any written protests. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Have they made a verbal protest against it ? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. I believe they have both expressed the view that they 
 were not in favor of the bill as introduced. 
 
 Mr. Caetee. Mr. Hurlev and Mr. Bond both expressed that view, 
 did they? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. Both have expressed to me the view that they did 
 not believe that the bill would pass in its present form. 
 
 Mr. Caetee. Well, I do not mean whether it would pass, Mr. 
 Meritt. I mean were they favorable to its passage or unfavorable? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. I do not believe that either one of them is favorable 
 to the passage of the bill in its present form. 
 
 Mr. Caetee. They have expressed themselves to you as being op- 
 posed to the bill ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. I would rather they would speak for themselves, Mr. 
 Carter. They are in the city, and 1 do not care to speak for them. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Has either one of the tribal agents expressed himself 
 about the bill — Locke or Johnston? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. I have not talked to either Principal Chief Locke or 
 Gov. Johnston about the bill. 
 
 Mr. Carter. You do not know how they stand? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. No, sir. I have talked with both of the tribal attor- 
 neys for the Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations. 
 
 Mr. Carter. You do not have any objection at all to them coming 
 before the committee and expressing their views? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Not the slightest. I Avould be glad to have them come 
 before the committee. 
 
FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OF INDIAXS. 71 
 
 Mr. Carter. In that event you would not attempt to coerce them 
 mto representing the views of the bureau as opposed to those of their 
 people, would you? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. No, sir. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Do you Avant to ask Mr. Meritt any questions, Mr. 
 Gandy ? 
 
 Mr._ Gandy. I had just started a question about the competency 
 commissions Avhen we adjourned. Hoav are competency commissions 
 appointed ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. They are appointed by the Secretary of the Interior. 
 
 Mr. Gandf. Hoav many members? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Three members, I believe, constitute the commissions. 
 
 Mr. Gandy. Are they all appointed originally by the Secretary of 
 the Interior, or some of them on the recommendation of the commis- 
 sioner ? 
 
 Mr. Meeiti\ I believe that one member of the commission was ap- 
 ■ pointed on the recommendation of the commissioner. 
 
 Mr. Gandy'. The other two were appointed by the Secretary ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. The superintendent on the reservation that they visit 
 constitutes one member of the commission and the Secretary appoints 
 one member. 
 
 Mr. Gandt. Then, the man that the commissioner appoints and 
 the man that the Secretary appoints are not residents of the reserva- 
 tion? 
 
 Mr. Meritt'. No, sir. The commissioner does not make the ap- 
 pointments, but makes his recommendation to the Secretary. The 
 appointments are made by the Secretary. 
 
 Mr. Gandy. I understand. We might use the expression that one 
 is appointed on the recommendation of the commissioner. Then 
 at least two out of these three men who are appointed have no per- 
 sonal Iniowledge of the men and the reservations and conditions of 
 all the reservations that they are going to investigate, have they ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. I would not make that statement, Mr. Gandy, for the 
 simple reason that the members of these commissions have been in 
 the Indian Service for a great many years and they have visited a 
 large number of the Indian reservations. For example, Maj. Mc- 
 Laughlin is as familiar with the conditions on the Sioux Reservations 
 as any superintendent of those reservations. 
 
 Mr. Gandy. That being true — ^that he would be generally and 
 might be as to a very few specific cases of Indians — that would not 
 apply generally to an intimate knowledge of a man and his condi- 
 tions, would it, locally, on the reservations? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. These commissioners are sent there on the reserva- 
 tion for the purpose of obtaining intimate knowledge of local condi- 
 tions. 
 
 Mr. Gandy. If you care to answer this question, please do so: Does 
 it not usually work out that the local superintendent has a list of 
 names that he submits, or a roll, and that to a greater or less degree 
 that list becomes the recommendation of the board, and from the 
 very nature of things it works out that way ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Naturally the local superintendent would be looked 
 to by the other members of the commission for information along* 
 that line. 
 
72 FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OP INDIANS. 
 
 Mr. Gandt. On the question as to the rapidity with which this 
 work is being done, do you have any knowledge as, to whether or 
 not patents that were recommended last year, or early last year, by 
 competent commissions have been delivered yet? 
 
 Mr. Mekitt. This is a new work, and I think that very few pat- 
 ents in fee have yet been issued, but the matter is under considera- 
 tion, and a form and a ceremony is now being worked out in connec- 
 tion with the issuance of these patents for them; but I think that 
 the Secretary has decided that the patents shall be issued early this 
 spring. 
 
 Mr. Gandt. So far as you know, none of them have yet been is- 
 sued on the recommendation of the so-called competency commis- 
 sions? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. None that I know of. 
 
 The Chaiemai<. Are they issued under the competency law? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. They are issued under it. These allotments were 
 made and patents were issued, and those were to be held for 25 
 years, but under the act of May 8, 1906, known as the Burke Act, 
 the Secretary has authority to issue patents in fee to competent 
 Indians. 
 
 The Chairman. Who determines the competency ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. The Secretary has appointed two competency com- 
 missioners and they are visiting the various reservations. We also 
 receive recommendations from the various superintendents of the 
 reservations throughout the United States for patents in fee for 
 Indians. 
 
 The Chairman. You have three commissions, you say? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. It is planned to have three commissions. Only two 
 have been appointed, but I think it is the purpose of the Secretary 
 to send a commission to Oklahoma. 
 
 The Chairman. Under what act are they appointed? What 
 authority have they for the appointment ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Under the general authority vested in the Secretary 
 of the Interior, who is given general jurisdiction over Indian mat- 
 ters, and who has general authority. 
 
 The Chairman. If he can appoint three commissions he can ap- 
 point five, or any number, can he not? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir; he could, provided there were funds avail- 
 able for that purpose. 
 
 The Chairman. For that purpose would it not be advisable to 
 give a group of States — say one-third of the Indians in the United 
 States are in Oklahoma, possibly one-fifth or more in Arizona and 
 New Mexico; could you not group the States so as to give work to 
 about five commissions and thus expedite this work very much? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. I think there would probably be room for five com- 
 missions. 
 
 The Chairman. By grouping the States properly? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. Secretary Lane is very much interested in 
 this movement, and it is his firm purpose to see that all Indians who 
 are competent shall have their restrictions removed. 
 
 Mr. Carter. You say one of these commissions will be sent to 
 Oklahoma ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. I think that is the intention of the department: 
 
 Mr. Carter. On what authority do you make that statement? 
 
FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OF INDIANS. 73 
 
 _ Mr. Meritt. I make it from my general laiowledge of the condi- 
 tions prevailing in the department. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Have you been given to understand by the Secretary 
 or by the Commissioner of Indian Affairs that one will be sent to 
 Oklahoma ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. The commissioner has conveyed that information to 
 me, that a commission would be sent to Oklahoma. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Will you guarantee this committee that one of them 
 will be sent there within the next 12 months? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. So far as my authority goes, I can pledge that a 
 commission will go there in the next 12 months. 
 
 Mr. Carter. How far does that go ? 
 
 _Mr. Meritt. I believe that I am safe in saying that a commission 
 will go to Oklahoma in the next 12 months. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Again recalling what you were asked questions about, 
 then do you not think it would be perfectly safe to permit the 
 Secretary to pass upon the applications for removal of restrictions of 
 all the Indians in th« United States ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Will you please repeat that question ? 
 
 Mr. Carter. Do you not think that after applications have been 
 sent up to you in the regular way it would be perfectly safe to permit 
 you to pass upon these applications for removal of restrictions, as a 
 finality ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Naturally, yes ; I think it would. 
 
 Mr. Carter. And then it would not be necessary to carry it above 
 or beyond you in order to protect the Indians, would it ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. What was that question, please ? 
 
 Mr. Carter. I say it would not be necessary to carry the considera- 
 tion of the applications beyond you in order to protect the Indians? 
 If you were given final jurisdiction you could see that the Indian was 
 protected ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. I believe that if the Commissioner of Indian Affairs 
 were given final jurisdiction, the 
 
 Mr. Carter. How about the Assistant Commissioner of Indian 
 Affairs? Do you not think he would be competent to pass upon 
 those things? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. 
 
 Mr. Gandt. In describing the working of this competency com- 
 mission you used the expression " the removal of restrictions." Those 
 commissions, so far as their work has gone thus far, have only had 
 to do with the issuance of patents in fee, have they not, without re- 
 gard to any other properties or any other interests that the Indians 
 may have? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir ; that is true ; and naturally when an Indian 
 receives a patent in fee on the recommendation of the commissioner, 
 we assume that he is also competent to receive his share of the fund. 
 
 Mr. Gandt. There has been no move in any way whereby the In- 
 dians would receive their prorated share of all funds of their tribe 
 at the time of the handing over of the title in fee under the recom- 
 mendations of this competency commission ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. We are constantly paying out to Indians their pro 
 rata share of the tribal funds. We have authority now under the 
 act of March 1, 1907, to pay to competent Indians, and to old and 
 decrepit and sick Indians, their share of the tribal funds. That 
 
74 FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OP INDIANS. 
 
 law does not apply to the Five Civilized Tribes or to the Osage 
 Nation or the Chippewa Indians, because we have special laws relat- 
 ing to those Indians. 
 
 JSIr. Gandt. We have very naturally digressed far from Okla- 
 homa on this, because this subject came up, and I want to inquire 
 along that line now whether any Indian on any reservation in the 
 State of South Dakota, at any time, upon the issuance of the patent 
 in fee has been cleared and given all the rest of the pro rata share 
 and the office of the department relieved from jurisdiction as to that 
 man? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. We have paid to hundreds of Indians in the Sioux 
 country their pro rata share of the tribal fund. Millions of dollars 
 have been paid out within the last few years to Indians in the 
 Sioux country. 
 
 Mr. Gandt. That still does not answer the question. Has any 
 Indian been finally paid all the money that he has any interest in? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir; we have paid to a great many Indians all 
 the money that is due them and all the money that they have a right 
 to share in at this time. Of course if there are additional lands sold 
 and additional funds in the Treasury, that Indian would have a right 
 to his pro rata share of those funds. 
 
 Mr. Gakdt. The rolls have not decreased in any way, have they? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. No, sir. 
 
 Mr. Caetee. Mr. Meritt, I neglected to ask you in what capacity 
 you first served when you first came into the Indian Service? 
 
 Mr. AIeeitt. I resigned a position in another department of the 
 Government. At that time I was receiving from $1,500 to $1,800 a 
 year, and I resigned that position to go into the Indian Service as a 
 clerk at $1,200 a year in order to get legal experience, with a view 
 of ultimately going out of the service. 
 
 Mr. Caetee. You began at $1,200 a year? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir. 
 
 Mr. Caetee. What was the position ? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. A clerk. 
 
 Mr. Caetee. Then what was your next position ? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. I was assigned to a clerkship in the Five Civilized 
 Tribes Division, and I handled miscellaneous correspondence, contest 
 cases, and oil cases, and I stayed in that position until I was pro- 
 moted to $1,400. 
 
 Mr. Caetee. How long ago was the promotion you are now speak- 
 ing of? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. That was about eight years ago. 
 
 Mr. Caetee. Now, then, go ahead. 
 
 Mr._ Meeitt:. I was then transferred to another division and given 
 what is considered a more responsible desk, a desk that had paid up 
 to that time $1,800 a year. 
 
 Mr. Caetee. When was that? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. That was eight years ago. I was transferred ffom 
 a $1,200 position in the Division of the Five Civilized Tribes to a 
 $1,400 salary and put on a $1,800 desk. 
 
 Mr. Caetee. Eight years ago you were transferred from a $1,200 
 position to a $1,800 position but only allowed $1,400? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. To an $1,800 desk, at $1,400 salary. 
 
 iMr. Caetee. What was your next promotion? 
 
FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OF INDIANS. 75 
 
 Mr. Meritt. That was what was known as the right of way and 
 bond desk in land division. I was next promoted to $1,600. That 
 was about seven years ago. Then I was made chief of what is 
 known as the contract section, where I not only did my own work 
 but supervised the work of several other clerks. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Just give the dates and then I will not have to inter- 
 rupt you. 
 
 Mr. Meritt. That was about seven years ago. 
 
 Mr. Carter. At what salarv was that? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. That was at $1,600. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Now go ahead with your other promotions. 
 
 Mr. Meritt. I occupied that place for about a year and then I 
 wae made assistant chief of the land division, which included five 
 or six sections. I was then given $1,800. 
 
 Mr. Carter. What year was that? 
 
 Mr. Meritt, That was about six years ago. 
 
 Then I served as private secretary to Commissioner Valentine for 
 a few months, and upon my own application I was transferred to 
 the land division as the acting chief of land division in order that I 
 might handle law and administrative problems. 
 
 Mr. Carter. When were you appointed secretary to Mr. Val- 
 entine ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. That was probably five years ago. 
 
 Mr. Carter. At what salary? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. $1,800. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Go ahead. 
 
 Mr. Meritt. I served as the acting chief of land division for some 
 time, and then there was a board of law review, which was created 
 in the office to review all the important cases of the Indian Office, 
 and I served on that board for probably a year, when I was ap- 
 pointed the chief law clerk of the bureau. 
 
 Mr. Carter. At what salary? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. At $2,000. I served as the chief law clerk of the 
 bureau for probably three years, when I was appointed assistant 
 commissioner. 
 
 Mr. Carter. About three years ago you were appointed assistant 
 commissioner ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Between two and three years ago. 
 
 Mr. Carter. So that when you came into the service your salary 
 was $1,200? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. * 
 
 Mr. Carter. That was when you came into the department ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes. Mr. Parker, I believe, received $100 a month, 
 and that was during the school year and I believe that the school 
 year was for 10 months. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Is your present position under the civil service? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. 1 have a civil-service status, but I do not believe my 
 present position would be considered under the civil service. 
 
 Mr. Carter. You are appointed by the President with the consent 
 of the Senate? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. 
 
 Mr. Carter. So that yours is now a political appointment? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. It might be construed that way. 
 
76 FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OF INDIANS. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Did Mr. Parker ever have a civil-service status prior 
 to that? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. No, sir. Mr. Parker has no civil-service status. Mr. 
 Parker's position as a teacher in the Five Civilized Tribes did not 
 place him under the civil service. 
 
 Mr. Carter. His position as superintendent of the academy did? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. No, sir. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Have you not a regulation in the Indian Bureau which 
 gives to Indians in the service a civil-service status? Did not Presi- 
 dent Taft issue an Executive order something to that effect ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. No, sir. Indians by law are given the preference for 
 employment in the Indian Service, and there are certain positions that 
 are filled by Indians that are not required to be filled by civil-service 
 appointment. 
 
 Mr. Carter. There was a statement about civil-service employees in 
 the bureau, mentioning an Executive order from Mr. Taft classing the 
 employees of the Five Civilized Tribes in the Indian Service into the 
 civil service. 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Mr. Parker has no civil-service status at this time, 
 and I do not believe that he has ever had a civil-service status. 
 
 Mr. Carter. The present commission has no civil-service status, 
 has it? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. No, sir. 
 
 Mr. Carter. The Commissioner of Indian Affairs has no civil- 
 service status, has he ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. No, sir. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Nor the Secretary of the Interior ? • 
 
 Mr. IMeritt. No, sir. 
 
 Mr. Carter. And the President of the United States has none? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. No, sir. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. Mr. Chairman, I should like to ask unanimous 
 consent to ask the witness a few questions. 
 
 The Chairman. I want to see first if some of the other members 
 of the committee would not like to ask him some questions. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. All right. 
 
 Mr. Johnson. I have a few questions. Mr. Carter asked you if 
 you thought you were competent to pass on the applications that 
 would be made from Oklahoma on different things, and you stated 
 you thought you were competent. 
 
 Mr. Meritt. I think I am competent, with the record that is made 
 up when it comes to the Indian Bureau. The record, of course, 
 would contain the report and recommendation of the field clerk who 
 has interviewed the Indian, and also the recommendation of the Five 
 Civilized Tribes. 
 
 Mr. Johnson. And I take it you based that opinion on your 
 familiarity with the situation in Oklahoma, your experience in the 
 department, and your knowledge of the relations of the Oklahoma 
 Indians to the department? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. 
 
 Mr. Johnson. You would not think that one who had not had long 
 ^^^T^^Ti^*^® ™ department would be competent, would you? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. I would not like to make that statement, because I do 
 not think it requires any intimate knowledge of the laws or the regu- 
 lations to pass on a record regarding the competency of an Indian. 
 
FIVE CIVILIZED TEIBES OE INDIANS. 77 
 
 I believe that a man should have experience in the Indian Service 
 and have a knowledge of Indian character to pass on a record of 
 that kind, bi:^t I think that anyone else with similar experience to 
 that which I have had in the service would be equally competent. 
 
 Mr. Johnson. Is it not the custom to fill the position of assistant 
 commissioner and all the assistants to the Commissioner of Indian 
 Affairs with men who have had experience in the department and 
 who have a civil-service standing? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. That has been almost the universal practice, with the 
 exception of one case. 
 
 Mr. Johnson. In answer to Mr. Carter's question when he asked 
 you whether or not you were a so-called political appointee, you said 
 perhaps you might be so considered. All of your other promotions 
 were secured through a Republican administration, or during a Re- 
 publican administration, were they not? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir; without the indorsement of a single Repre- 
 sentative or Senator. 
 
 Mr. Johnson. The position of Commissioner of the Five Civilized 
 Tribes is secured as a matter of practice entirely upon the recom- 
 mendation of the Senators from the State of Oklahoma, is it not ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. In this particular case the Superintendent for the 
 Five Civilized Tribes was appointed on the recommendation of Sec- 
 retary Lane and Commissioner Sells to the President. 
 
 Mr. Johnson. Under ordinary circumstances it would be regarded 
 as a political appointment from the State, the same as that of Com- 
 missioner of Internal Revenue and other political positions, would 
 it not? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. Ordinarily, it would. 
 
 Mr. Johnson. That is all I want to ask. 
 
 Mr. Campbell. The record you speak of is more than a recom- 
 mendation of the field agent — the man on the ground — is it not? It 
 states the facts, and these facts come before the Indian Office here ; 
 is that not true? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir ; it gives detailed facts regarding the Indian 
 and his progress and the property he has and the advancement he 
 has made. 
 
 Mr. Campbell. Does the field agent, in addition to stating the 
 facts, make a recommendation in the matter? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir; he makes a recommendation to the super- 
 intendent of the Five Civilized Tribes and the superintendent of the 
 Five Civilized Tribes makes his recommendation to the Commis- 
 sioner of Indian Affairs. 
 
 Mr. Campbell. Does the superintendent of the Five Civilized 
 Tribes do any more than simply to put his name on the document 
 with his recommendation that it be approved or disapproved ? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. The case is written up — the letter to the Indian Office 
 is written up — ^in Superintendent Parker's office — ^by a clerk in that 
 oiBce — and Mr. Parker signs his name to the letter that is prepared 
 
 in his office. . , , . ,, j_- ^i ^ t 
 
 Mr. Caetee. Now, Mr. Mentt, getting back to the question that 1 
 asked you, under what administration was Mr. Parker first ap- 
 pointed in the Indian Service? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. Mr. Parker was appointed in 1899 
 
 Mr. Caetee. That was under President McKinley? 
 
78 FIVE CIVILIZED TEIBES OF INDIANS. 
 
 Mr. Meritt (continuing). As assistant to the principal teacher at 
 what was then known as the Spencer Academy. 
 
 Mr. Carter. That was under Pxesident McKinley's administra- 
 tion? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Then he was appointed superintendent of Armstrong 
 Academy under what administration? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. He was appointed principal teacher in 1900 at the 
 Armstrong Academy, and held that position until 1904 at a salary 
 of $100 a month. In 1905 he was appointed superintendent of the 
 Armstrong Academy at a salary of $1,500, and held that position 
 until 1915. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Just a word or two. You went over this this morn- 
 ing, but I know that Mr. Johnson, for instance, was not here. Did 
 any member of your Oklahoma delegation press the appointment of 
 Mr. Parker as superintendent? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Not within my knowledge. 
 
 Mr. Career. Do you not know that they did not ? 
 
 Mr. Meeiti. It was a personal selection by the Commissioner of 
 Indian Aifairs, so far as I know. 
 
 Mr. Carter. As a matter of fact, Mr. Meritt, Mr. Parker was 
 appointed, and his appointment was decided upon without consulting 
 any member of the Oklahoma delegation in Congress or any person 
 from Oklahoma, was it not? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. I am not competent to answer that question, because 
 I do not know what conversation the commissioner may have had 
 with any member of the Oklahoma delegation. 
 
 Mr. Carter. I think you ought to know that fact. That is pretty 
 generally known, is it not? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. It is my impression that Mr. Parker was a personal 
 selection of Commissioner Sells. 
 
 Mr. Norton. May I intervene at this time ? 
 
 Mr. Carter. Yes. 
 
 Mr. Norton. The gentleman from Oklahoma this morning and this 
 afternoon appears to me to be laying great stress upon the fact that 
 the appointment of Mr. Parker was recommended by none of the 
 Oklahoma delegation, and he appears to me to be using that argu- 
 ment as one in favor of the adoption of this proposed legislation. 
 Let me ask the gentleman from Oklahoma, does he for a moment 
 think that if this new power and authority is granted to the Com- 
 missioner of the Five Civilized Tribes in the future, when an ap- 
 pointment of that kind is to be made down there to succeed Mr. 
 Parker that the Oklahoma delegation will not take a very active 
 part in recommending a new appointee ? 
 
 Mr. Carter. If you knew the facts about the case you would not 
 ask that question, because there was never a position for which there 
 was a stronger fight made than in this instance. I suppose •every 
 member of the Oklahoma delegation in the House and Senate, 
 the governor of Oklahoma, and various other officials, and people of 
 high standing in Oklahoma, presented some candidate, some appli- 
 cant, and hundreds began to press the appointment of a man with 
 all the stress at their command, but toward the latter part of the 
 contest the fight narrowed down until more than half of these people 
 
FIVE CIVILIZED TKIBES OF INDIAKS. 79 
 
 were indorsing one man, a man who is one of the highest chiss men in 
 our State, and he was not given any consideration at all. The reason 
 I have been asking these questions is because Mr. Meritt in his state- 
 ments to us this morning attempted to lead the committee to believe 
 that it was unsafe to give a man this power over whom people in 
 Oklahoma had any jurisdiction. The burden of my question to Mr. 
 Meritt is to show that the people of Oklahoma had nothing on earth 
 to do with the appointment of this man; that he was a personal 
 selection of the bureau and the Interior Department; that he does 
 not owe his continuation in office, and will not owe his reappoint- 
 ment, Jo any person in Oklahoma ; that he is not and will not be re- 
 sponsible to any person in Oklahoma for his appointment, and is and 
 will be responsible to no person there for reappointment, if he is 
 reapointed ; and that he will be responsible only' to the Interior De- 
 partment, who, according to the procedure, have the sole power of 
 appointment ; and that he will be responsible specifically to the chief 
 of the bureau that he is serving, and not to the people of Oklahoma. 
 
 The Chairman. Mr. President, let me suggest that I do not think 
 these matters should be inquired into now. These are political mat- 
 ters, and this is not a political proposition. 
 
 Mr. Norton. I do not see the relevancy of it. I certainly do not 
 think for a moment that if this gentleman is given new powers the 
 delegation from Oklahoma will not be active in saying who is to be 
 appointed down there next time. 
 
 Mr. Carter. My reply is that they could not be any more active 
 than they were last time. 
 
 Mr. Norton. They just fell down, last time. 
 
 Mr. Dill. I have not been able to attend all these hearings. Mr. 
 Meritt was speaking of the number of tracts of land from which re- 
 strictions have been removed. What other restrictions additional to 
 the owner of the lands are there on the Indians under the Indian 
 Service? In other words, when you remove the restrictions on the 
 land of an Indian, does that remove his restrictions so far as the 
 department is concerned ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. In the Five Civilized Tribes under existing law it 
 requires special legislation before we can make a per capita payment 
 of the funds to the credit of the tribe. 
 Mr. Dill. Is that true of Indians outside ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. No, sir; it is not true of the Indians generally. 
 Mr. Dill. Generally, if there is no money particularly to the credit 
 of any Indian, when the restriction as to his land is removed he is 
 then free from any control of the Indian Department? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes; he becomes a citizen, under the act of May 8, 
 1906 (34 Stat. L., 182), known as the Burke Act, and he can handle 
 liis property thereafter the same as a white man. 
 
 Mr. Dill. Did I correctly understand you this morning to say that 
 you would put in the record the number of Indians of all classes in 
 the United States from whom restrictions have been removed. 
 
 Mr. Meritt. I will be glad to put that in the record if you de- 
 sire it. 
 Mr. Dill. That was what I understood was asked for this morning. 
 Mr! KoNOP. That is what I asked for. I do not care how far it 
 goes. 
 
80 FIVE CIVlLlZiiD lEiEES Oi" IInDIAInS. 
 
 Mr. Dii.L. I did not understand whether it applied to the Five 
 Civilized Tribes or to the Indians in general. I should like to have 
 it as to all. 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. We will be glad to put that in the record. 
 
 Mr. Dill. AVhat is the date of the statute ? 
 
 Mr. Mekitt. May 8, 1906 (34 Stat. L., 182). 
 
 Mr. Dill. This morning objection was made to the passage of the 
 Hastings bill on the ground that it was thought that it was removing 
 too many checks; that it is not leaving enough checks on the removal 
 of restrictions on Indians. Is there any other reason for not want- 
 ing this bill passed? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. I stated general reasons in my opening statement this 
 morning. There are a great many reasons why this bill should not 
 pass. You will find that statement in the hearing. 
 
 Mr. Dill. This sort of policy has never been followed, has it? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. No, sir. 
 
 Mr. Dill. If it is followed, it will be in the nature of an experi- 
 ment? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir. 
 
 Mr. Dill. And if it should succeed it might mean an entire revolu- 
 tion of the method of handling the Indian affairs of the country, 
 might it not ? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. If the Superintendent of the Five Civilized Tribes 
 is given absolute jurisdiction over the individual affairs of the Five 
 Civilized Tribes, the same reason would apply to every other Indian 
 superintendent in the United States. 
 
 Mr. Dill. But I say "if the adoption of that plan should be a 
 success it would probably lead to the extension of the plan through- 
 out the country ? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir. 
 
 Mr. Dill. And the Indian Department, of course, does not think 
 that is right ? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. No, sir. 
 
 Mr. Dempsey. As I understand it, the reason for the passage of 
 this bill is that there are interminable delays in the leasing of land, 
 lor instance, or in the making of oil leases, and while a customer is 
 in hand at an advantageous price he is lost during the time consumed 
 between the application and the time when the approval of Wash- 
 ington is secured. That is my understanding of the situation. That 
 is simply preliminary to the question I want to ask. 
 
 If that is true, could not something intermediate between your 
 present practice and what is proposed for this bill be adopted, and 
 would not that, perhaps, both answer the purposes of the bill and test 
 out the question whether something in the direction of this bill would 
 not be an advantage? For instance, could you not have leases for 
 short periods approved absolutely by the commissioner, leases for 
 longer periods to be approved and actually to be effected unless dis- 
 approved within a certain time ? Could you not have something of 
 that kind that would be a compromise between the Hastings bill and 
 your present practice that would solve what Mr. Hastings claims 
 and thinks to be a hardship and a bad practice ? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. In my opening statement this morning I quoted a 
 part of the hearing before the' Senate committee wherein it was con- 
 
FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OF INDIANS. 81 
 
 tended that because of the long delays and the red tape there wan too 
 nauch time wasted between the time the report of the superintendent 
 was submitted to us and the time of final action ; and Superintendent 
 Parker was at that hearing, and he admitted in the record that oil 
 leases and removal of restriction cases were back in his office within 
 15 days from the date on which they were mailed from his office to 
 Washington. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Did hv say removal of restrictions cases were back in 
 15 (lays? Was not that only as to oil leases? Was not that the way 
 the statement was made? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Eeferring to the removal of restrictions cases and oil 
 leases, I believe the records of our office will show that those cases 
 were back in the office of the Five Civilized Tribes in 15 days. Of 
 course, there are cases where there are contests involving large 
 property interests and it requires much more time, but 90 per cent 
 of the removal of restrictions cases and 95 per cent of the oil leases 
 are back in the office of the Superintendent of the Five Civilized 
 Tribes within 15 days of the date when they leave his office. 
 
 ^[r. Carter. I have had, since I have been here, a number of cases 
 concerning removal of restrictions, and I do not recall a single one 
 having been finally approved, I am sure, Avithin 30 days, ami I doubt 
 if one of them was approved within 90 daj's. 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Superintendent Parker made that admissicm to the 
 Senate committee; and may I make a further statements 
 
 ]VIr. Carter. Yes. 
 
 Mr. Meritt. I also stated this morning that if legislation of this 
 character must pass, it would be better for the Indian and much 
 safer for his property protection if the Secretary of the Interior 
 should be authorized to appoint an Assistant Secretary of the 
 Interior to be located in Oklahoma to supervise the affairs of the 
 Five Civilized Tribes. We think it would be exceedingly dangerous 
 to the interests of the Indians to ha^e absolute authority over the 
 property I'ights of so many Indians where so much money is in- 
 volved. 
 
 Mr. Dejii'sey. How would such an Assistant Secretary of the 
 Interior be appointed ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. In my judgment he should be a civil-service ap- 
 pointee, and not subject to change with each recurring administra- 
 tion. 
 
 Mr. Dempsey. If he was Assistant Secretary of the Interior he 
 would be appointed in exactly the same way as the Superintendent 
 of the Five Civilized Tribes is appointed ; he would be appointed by 
 the President with the advice and consent of the Senate. 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Not necessarily so. Congress could pass legislation 
 to cover that point, in my judgment. 
 
 Mr. Dempsey. He Avould not hold the office of Assistant Secretary 
 of the Interior then. He would be an appointee, but he would not 
 be the Assistant Secretary. 
 
 Mr. Meritt. It would not make any difference as to the title that 
 should bS given to him. 
 
 Mr. Campbell. Mr.' Ryan's title was representative of the Secre- 
 tary of the Interior? 
 
 38147—16 6 
 
82 FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OF INDIANS. 
 
 Mr. Meritt. He was the representative of the Secretary of the 
 Interior. The Secretary of the Interior several years ago &.ppointed 
 Mr. Ryan, who prior to his appointment to that position had been 
 First Assistant Secretary of the Interior. 
 
 Mr. Carter. What I understand you to say is this, that you think 
 that if that is not done there ought to be a representative of the 
 Indian Bureau and of the Interior Department put on the ground? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Just one representative. 
 
 Mr. Carter. You think this ought to be taken out of the Indian 
 Bureau and made an Interior Department proposition independent 
 of the Indian Bureau ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. The Indian Bureau, of course, is under the Secretary 
 of the Interior, and the Secretary of the Interior has authority 
 
 Mr. Carter. Please just answer my question. We do not get the 
 information we ask for. I do not understand just exactly what you 
 want. This morning when we had the same proposition here you 
 told me finally, after a long colloquy, that you thought there ought 
 to be two men ; there ought to be one in addition to the Superintendent 
 of the Five Civilized Tribes. 
 
 Mr. Meritt. No, sir ; I did not make that statement this morning. 
 You may have misunderstood me. My statement was that there 
 should be a man who should supervise the official acts of the superin- 
 tendent of the Five Civilized Tribes. 
 
 Mr. Carter. That would be two men. The superintendent is there 
 already, and what you want is an additional man in addition to the 
 superintendent, Mr. Meritt? ' 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. 
 
 Mr. KoNOP. Under that theory of procedure it would seem that no 
 Government official could be trusted. Where are we going to stop if 
 every Government official has a guardian over him to see whether he 
 does the right thing or the wrong? The same thing would apply to 
 the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, to the Secretary of the Interior, 
 and to the President of the United States. We have got to trust some- 
 body, somewhere, with some duty, in this Government of ours. We 
 can not have a guardian over every official act of every clerk or every 
 appointee. 
 
 Mr. Snyder. What I wanted to ask Mr. Meritt was this: Granting 
 these matters are now handled in your department on a basis of 15 
 days or two weeks, as you state, would not the handling of them by 
 a superintendent, as suggested in this bill, expedite that business and 
 would it not be done at a great deal less expense ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. It could be done with less expense and the saving of 
 some time ; but we believe that the property rights would not be as 
 caref uUv protected. 
 
 Mr. Snyder. That is all I wanted to ask. 
 
 Mr. Carter. I am surprised and startled at Mr. Meritt's statement. 
 If what he says is true there is absolutely no use in the Hastings bill. 
 1 f these matters are passed upon in 15 days there certainly ought to be 
 no complamt from Oklahoma about it ; but my experience about it has 
 been that they are not only not passed on in 15 days, but t^ey are not 
 passed on m 30 days, and rarely, if ever, are they passed upon in 90 
 days, and sometimes they take one or two years. 
 
 Mr. Dempsey. Why can not Mr. Meritt very readily furnish us 
 the data to show how they are dealt with. 
 
FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OF INDIANS. 83 
 
 Mr. Caktee. I would like to have all the restriction cases put in 
 the record, showing when the application was filed, and all the rest 
 of it. 
 
 Mr. Dempsey. They can get a clerk down there and he can make 
 a tabulation in a week which will show you exactly. 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Mr. Chairman, would this be practicable, to furnish 
 the committee a list of the removal of restriction cases and a list of 
 the oil leases received by the Indian Office in the last six months, 
 giving the exact dates when they left the office of the superintendent 
 of the Five Civilized Tribes 
 
 Mr. Dempsey. I do not think that six months would be long 
 enough. 
 
 Mr. Meritt (continuing). Giving the date when they were ap- 
 proved by the Commissioner of Indian Affairs and the date when 
 approved by the Secretary of the Interior ? 
 
 Mr. Snyder. If you did that there would be a recommendation for 
 a few million dollars additional for more clerks. 
 
 Mr. Dempsey. It ought to cover a period of three or four years. 
 
 Mr. KoNOP. From the time of the appointment of the commis- 
 sioner of the Five Civilized Tribes. 
 
 Mr. Dempsey. That office was created two years ago, was it not? 
 
 Mr. Carter. Yes ; two years ago. 
 
 Mr. Meritt. That statement under those conditions would not be 
 fair to the office, because there was a contest in the department on 
 the price of oil. About a year ago the price of oil was down to 35 
 cents, and the department was of the opinion that the Indians were 
 not receiving what was a fair value for the oil, and the department 
 refused, for a while, to approve leases under those conditions. The 
 price of oil has since then advanced to $1.55 a barrel, and I believe 
 that the action of the department in holding up those leases was 
 justified during that time. 
 
 The Chairman. You could just gi\e a statement of the effect of 
 the removal of the restrictions on the value of the oil, giving it as a 
 reason why 
 
 Mr. Meritt. We will be glad to furnish any information that the 
 committee Avishes. 
 
 The Chairman. Get that in the record, so that we may have it 
 printed with these hearings and have it all in the same document, if 
 possible. 
 
 Mr. Meritt. You want that since Superintendent Parker was ap- 
 pointed ? 
 
 The Chairman. Yes. 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Since January 1, 1915. We will furnish that informa- 
 tion to the committee. That covers the removal of restrictions cases 
 and the gas and oil leases. 
 
 Mr. Debepsey. You could make it very much shorter if you would 
 make it out with the date dispatched and the date received at the 
 other place. 
 
 Mr. Meritt. We T\'ill be glad to furnish that information to the 
 committee. 
 
 The information requested is as follows: 
 
 The following table contains a list of removal of restriction cases in the Five 
 Civilized Tribes received in the Indian Office since January 1, 1915, showing 
 the dates of application, when forwarded by the Superintendent for the Five 
 
84 
 
 FIVE CIVILIZED TEIBES OF INDIANS. 
 
 Civilized Tribes, the date received in the Indian Office, the date of department 
 uctjpn. and the date returned to the superintendent. 
 
 .*-^^ appears therefrom that during said year and three months 1,058 cases 
 have been received, and that of said number 939, or approximately 90 per cent, 
 have had department action taken thereon and been mailed to the superin- 
 tendent within 10 days from the date of receipt by the Indian Office. 
 In reference to the other 10 per cent of said cases, I find that the delays were 
 
 I occasioned in most of said cases by some complication of law or question of 
 general policy. In such cases there was either controversy or litigation con- 
 
 1 cerning the title to the land or the land was valuable for oil purposes and eov- 
 
 |ered by oil and gas leases, or some legal or other questions were involved neces 
 sitatin'g- more careful consideration, or the papers furnished by the superin- 
 Itendent were not sufficient to show the competency of the Indian, or that the 
 removal of restrictions would be for the best interests of the Indian, and fur- 
 jther reports from the superintendent were necessary to a proper understanding 
 lof the case. •' 
 
 Removal of restriction cases received in the Indian Office since Jan. 1, 1915. 
 
 CTlEROICEt. 
 
 Name of allottee. 
 
 Richard Russell 
 
 Mollie K. Gourd 
 
 Mary Pumpkin 
 
 MoUie Wolf 
 
 Ben Ridge 
 
 Lucy Lyman 
 
 Cindia Cochran 
 
 Setahnie Foreman 
 
 Katie Foreman 
 
 Samuel Chuwee 
 
 Homer Glass 
 
 Jesse Vann 
 
 Wm. Christie 
 
 Ellen Fisher 
 
 Richard Scullawl 
 
 Willis J. Bluejacket 
 
 Annie Hammer 
 
 John Doublehead 
 
 Davie Banguess 
 
 Charley T>ird 
 
 Charles Palone 
 
 Ned Fackup 
 
 Sam Jones 
 
 Lillie Baugess, n6e Conseen. 
 Do. 
 
 William Arrow 
 
 Sarah Wood 
 
 Paul Swarm 
 
 Nancy Sunday 
 
 Henry Walkabout 
 
 Stephen Vann 
 
 Susan Hummingbird 
 
 Thompson Frog 
 
 Tim Duck 
 
 John Scraper 
 
 Mary A. Tsimer, a^e Mitchell 
 
 Ed Fish 
 
 Jennie Wolf, n6e Budder.. 
 
 William W. Augerhole 
 
 Henry Walkingstick 
 
 John Watts 
 
 Mary Yaholah, nee Duck 
 
 Charles A. Blackfeet 
 
 Wat Sanders 
 
 Edmond Tincup 
 
 Betsey Greece 
 
 EliasC. Thome 
 
 James Crittenden 
 
 WolfPettit 
 
 Daniel Turner 
 
 Susie Price 
 
 Do ■■■■ 
 
 Application. 
 
 Dec. 15,1914 
 Oct. 28,1914 
 Oct. 7, 1914 
 Oct. 29,1913 
 Nov. 28,1914 
 Oct. 21,1914 
 Apr. 4, 1914 
 May 22,1914 
 Sept. 23, 1914 
 Nov. 2, 1914 
 Oct. 31,1914 
 Aug. 14,1914 
 Dec. 11,1914 
 Nov. 7,1914 
 Nov. 4, 1914 
 Oct. 20,1913 
 Sept. 19. 1914 
 Dec. 22,1914 
 Aug. 28,1914 
 Oct. 30,1914 
 Oct. 12,1914 
 Apr. 22,1914 
 Mar. 27,1914 
 Nov. 15,1915 
 July 10,1914 
 Oct. 30,1914 
 June 12,1914 
 Oct. 12,1914 
 Nov. 13,1914 
 Jan. "1, 1915 
 July 17,1914 
 Nov. 2, 1914 
 Jan. 5, 1915 
 
 do 
 
 Nov. 25,1914 
 Nov. 28,1915 
 Dec. 15,1913 
 Sept. 4,1914 
 Oct. 20,1914 
 Aug. 10,1914 
 Nov. 11,1914 
 Fob. 28,1914 
 Feb. 3, 1916 
 Nov. 7, 1914 
 Oct. 4,1912 
 Jan. 4, 1915 
 Jan. 18, 1915 
 Mar. 27,1914 
 Dec. 12,1914 
 Nov. 28,1914 
 May 10,1915 
 Oct. 31,1914 
 
 > Report Feb. 1, 1915. 
 2 Report Feb. 6, 191S. 
 
 Forwarded 
 by superin- 
 tendent. 
 
 Dec. 28,1914 
 Jan. 4, 1915 
 Dec. 30,1914 
 
 do 
 
 Jan. 6, 1915 
 Jan. 4, 1915 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Jan. 7, 1915 
 
 do 
 
 Jan. 12,1915 
 Jan. 14,1915 
 Jan. 15,1915 
 Jan. 16,1915 
 Jan. 20,1915 
 
 do 
 
 .Tan. 23,1915 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Jan. 27,1915 
 
 ....;do 
 
 Jan. 6,1915 
 Jan. 29,1915 
 Feb. 5, 1915 
 Jan. 29,1915 
 
 do 
 
 Feb. 2, 1915 
 
 do 
 
 Feb. 4,1915 
 
 do 
 
 Feb. 5, 1915 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Feb. 9, 1915 
 Feb. 6, 1915 
 Feb. 13,1916 
 
 do 
 
 Feb. 15,1915 
 Feb. 18,1915 
 
 do 
 
 Feb. 17,1915 
 Feb. 19,1915 
 
 do 
 
 Feb. 20,1916 
 
 do 
 
 Feb. 20,1914 
 Feb. 19,1915 
 Feb. 25,1916 
 Sept. 23, 1915 
 Feb. 27,1915 
 
 Received. 
 
 Jan. 2,1915 
 Jan. 4, 1916 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Jan. 12,1916 
 
 do.i 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do.2 
 
 .... do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Jan. 18,1915 
 
 do 
 
 Jan. 22, 1915 
 Jan. 21,1915 
 Jan. 25,1915 
 
 do 
 
 Jan. 28,1915 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Feb. 2, 1916 
 
 do 
 
 Jan. 10, 1916 
 Feb. 4,1915 
 Feb. 8, 1915 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 ■'Feb. 11.1915 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Feb. 15,1915 
 
 do 
 
 Feb. 18,1915 
 
 do.. 
 
 Feb. 23,1916 
 
 do 
 
 Feb. 24,1915 
 Feb. 23,1915 
 Feb. 24,1915 
 
 do.. 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Mar. 4, 1915 
 
 do 
 
 Mar. 5, 1915 
 Sept. 23, 1916 
 Mar. 5, 1916 
 
 Jan. 5, 
 Jan. 8, 
 Jan. 7, 
 Jan. 14 
 Jan. 20, 
 Feb. 0, 
 Jan. 20, 
 
 do.. 
 
 Feb. 9, 
 Jan. 20, 
 
 do.3. 
 
 do.. 
 
 Jan. 21, 
 Jan. 23, 
 
 3 Jan. 30, 
 
 Approved or 
 disapproved. 
 
 1915 
 1915 
 1915 
 1915 
 1916 
 1916 
 1916 
 
 1915 
 1915 
 
 Jan. 
 Jan. 
 
 27, 
 30, 
 
 do.. 
 
 Feb. 1, 
 Feb. 2, 
 Feb. 23, 
 Feb. 10, 
 Feb. 9, 
 
 'Jan. 11, 
 
 •'Feb. 23, 
 Feb. 10, 
 Feb. 11, 
 
 do.. 
 
 Feb. 20, 
 
 8 Feb. 23. 
 Mar. 9, 
 Feb. 16, 
 
 do.. 
 
 do.. 
 
 Feb. 15, 
 Mar. 1, 
 Feb. 23, 
 Feb. 24, 
 
 do.. 
 
 Mar. 2, 
 
 do.. 
 
 do.. 
 
 do.. 
 
 do.. 
 
 3 Mar 4, 
 Mar. 9, 
 
 do.s. 
 
 Mar. 24, 
 May 19, 
 Mar. 11, 
 
 s Oct. 5, 
 Mar. 9, 
 
 1915 
 1915 
 1915 
 1916 
 1915 
 
 m.i 
 1915 
 1915 
 1915 
 1915 
 1910 
 1915 
 1915 
 1916 
 
 1915 
 1915 
 1915 
 1915 
 
 1915 
 1915 
 1915 
 1915 
 
 iMs 
 
 1915 
 1915 
 
 1915 
 1915 
 1915 
 1916 
 
 Returned to 
 superintend- 
 ent. 
 
 Jan. 
 Jan. 
 Jan. 
 Jan. 
 Jan. 
 Feb. 
 Jan. 
 
 7,1915 
 9,1915 
 8,1915 
 16,1915 
 21,1915 
 8,1915 
 21,1916 
 
 Do. 
 
 Feb. 10,1915 
 
 Jan. 21,1915 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 Jan. 26,1915 
 Jan. 30,1915 
 Jan. 28,1915 
 Jan. 30,1915 
 
 Do. 
 Feb. 1, 1915 
 Feb. 2,1915 
 Feb. 26,1915 
 Feb. 11,1915 
 
 Do. 
 Jan. 11,1916 
 Feb. 26,1915 
 Feb. 11,1915 
 Feb. 12,1915 
 
 Do. 
 Feb. 23,1915 
 Feb. 27,1916 
 Mar. 10,1915 
 Feb. 18,1915 
 Feb. 20,1915 
 
 Do. 
 Feb. 18,1915 
 Mar. 1,1916 
 Feb. 26,1915 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 Mar. 2,1915 
 
 Do. 
 Mar. 3,1916 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Mar.' io.'wis 
 
 Do. 
 Mar. 24,1915 
 May 20,1915 
 Mar. 11,1915 
 Oct. 6,1915 
 Mar. 10,1915 
 
 3 Unconditional. 
 
 < Report -Mar. 5, 1915. 
 
FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OF INDIANS. 
 
 85 
 
 Removal of restriction cases received in the Indian Office since Jan. 1, 1915 — Continued. 
 
 CHEROKEE— rontinued. 
 
 Name of allottee. 
 
 George Cardy 
 
 Dennis Ketcner 
 
 Henry Walkabout 
 
 Alex Buncli 
 
 Isaac Houston 
 
 Katie R. Ingle 
 
 Washington Beaver 
 
 Wm. P. Downing 
 
 Rachel Rogers 
 
 Zeke Chucuerlate 
 
 Jffise Bushyhead 
 
 Jennie Scudder, nfie Clark . . . 
 
 Soldier Keith 
 
 Squirrel Sequichie 
 
 Rachel Purcell, n6e Smith. . . 
 
 Leila E. Robertson 
 
 John Peters 
 
 Tom Smith 
 
 Maria Masters, n^e Cheater. . . 
 
 Nancy Sharp 
 
 Sarah E. Courts 
 
 Amos Vaim 
 
 Frank Swimmer 
 
 Susan Youngduck 
 
 W illiam Bushyhead 
 
 Caleb S. Starr, jr 
 
 Francis McLauglilin 
 
 Wahsinni Raven 
 
 Henry Muskrat 
 
 Fannie McClure, nSe Groves . 
 
 Willie Murphy 
 
 Louvenna Foster (formerly 
 Wiley), n6e Watts, 
 
 Jos. D. Rowe 
 
 Lydia Scraper 
 
 Robert Woodall 
 
 Rachel Snell 
 
 Celia Coleman, n^e Sanders. 
 
 Sarah Smith (formerly Rice) 
 
 Joseph Sanders 
 
 Henry Robbins 
 
 Harrison Secondine 
 
 James Pumkin 
 
 Nancy Hawkins, n^e Down- 
 ing. 
 
 Oscar Bear 
 
 Lucy Waterfalling 
 
 Charlotte Stard, n^ Walk- 
 ingstlck. 
 
 Ada J. Prowell 
 
 Jennie Squirrel or Feather. . 
 
 Benjamin C. Hawk 
 
 Geo. H. Horn 
 
 Victoria Welch (formerly 
 Seabolt). 
 
 John Hogner 
 
 Nancy Ketcher, n^e Bird — 
 
 Kaheta Tehee 
 
 Simpson Dushane 
 
 Henry Watt 
 
 Little Bird Tehee 
 
 Sunday Hogtoater 
 
 MariahR. Gourd 
 
 Jennie Lewis (now Anderson) 
 
 Peggy Johnson, n^ Stand. . . 
 
 Caroline Tracy 
 
 .Application. 
 
 Sept. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 Nov. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 Dec. 
 
 Feb.. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 Nov. 
 
 Nov. 
 
 July 
 
 Feb. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 Sept. 
 
 Apr. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 Apr. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 Mar. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 Apr. 
 
 Nov. 
 
 May 
 Mar. 
 May 
 May 
 Oct. 
 Oct. 
 June 
 Feb. 
 Apr. 
 Feb. 
 Nov. 
 
 Levi Warseat 
 
 Susie D. Coats 
 
 Lucy Quinton, nfe Glass 
 
 Frank L. Daugherty 
 
 Bettie L. Alberty, nfe 
 Rutherford. 
 
 Venie Johnson 
 
 President C. Reese 
 
 Thomas Vann 
 
 4,1914 
 25, 1915 
 27, 1915 
 
 2. 1914 
 10, 1915 
 
 8. 1915 
 15, 1915 
 
 16. 1914 
 
 17. 1915 
 
 9. 1914 
 
 25. 1914 
 21,1914 
 29,1914 
 
 2. 1915 
 29,1913 
 
 12. 1915 
 
 27. 1914 
 4, 1914 
 3, 1914 
 
 13. 1915 
 
 29. 1915 
 
 5. 1914 
 
 13. 1916 
 
 19. 1915 
 
 4. 1913 
 
 6. 1915 
 1,1916 
 5,1915 
 
 11,1915 
 11,1915 
 
 17. 1916 
 
 10. 1914 
 
 8, 1915 
 
 25. 1915 
 
 8. 1915 
 
 1. 1916 
 16,1914 
 
 1. 1914 
 1,1914 
 
 6. 1915 
 7, 1915 
 6, 1915 
 
 23, 1914 
 
 Feb. 11,1915 
 
 Mar. 26,1915 
 
 Nov. 3,1913 
 
 Feb. 13,1914 
 
 July 24,1914 
 
 Aug. 10,1914 
 
 May 8, 1915 
 
 Apr. 20,1915 
 
 Apr. 
 Jan. 
 Jan. 
 June 
 Nov. 
 May 
 Aug. 
 Aug. 
 Jan. 
 Aug. 
 
 May 
 
 May 
 Aug. 
 June 
 Feb. 
 May 
 
 10. 1914 
 
 13. 1915 
 29, 1915 
 21, 1915 
 
 6. 1914 
 22,1915 
 10, 1915 
 
 24. 1914 
 
 14. 1915 
 
 7. 1915 
 
 7, 1915 
 
 14,1913 
 19, 1910 
 5, 1915 
 
 20. 1914 
 
 10. 1915 
 
 June 16,1915 
 Mar. 2, 1916 
 July 19,1916 
 
 Forwarded 
 by superin- 
 tendent. 
 
 Feb. 27,1915 
 Mar. 1, 1915 
 Mar. 16,1915 
 Mar. 2, 1915 
 Mar. 8, 1915 
 
 do 
 
 Mar. 12,1915 
 Mar. 17,1915 
 May 26,1915 
 Mar. 22,1915 
 Mar. 24,1915 
 Mar. 23,1915 
 Mar. 23,1915 
 Mar. 27,1915 
 Mar. 29,1915 
 Mar. 31,1915 
 Mar. 29,1915 
 Mar. 27,1915 
 
 ....do 
 
 Apr. 10,1915 
 
 ....do 
 
 Apr. 13,1915 
 Apr. 22,1915 
 
 do 
 
 Apr. 27,1916 
 6, 1916 
 5,1915 
 
 7. 1915 
 
 6. 1916 
 10, 1915 
 14,1916 
 
 Mar. 
 June 
 Mar. 
 Mar. 
 2 Mar. 
 
 May 
 May 
 May 
 May 
 May 
 May 
 
 .do. 
 
 May 11,1915 
 May 22,1915 
 June 15,1916 
 June 18,1916 
 
 do.! 
 
 do 
 
 June 16,1915 
 June 21,1916 
 June 26,1916 
 July 8, 1915 
 July 13,1915 
 
 do 
 
 Sept. 18,1915 
 July 16,1916 
 
 July 20,1915 
 July 19,1916 
 July 21,1916 
 July 24,1916 
 do 
 
 July 26,1915 
 July 28,1915 
 
 do 
 
 Aug. 3, 1915 
 
 do 
 
 Aug. 7,1915 
 
 Aug. 
 Aug. 
 Aug. 
 Aug. 
 
 18, 1915 
 
 16. 1915 
 
 21. 1916 
 25, 1915 
 
 (....do 
 
 \Mar. 8,1916 
 Aug. 27,1915 
 
 do 
 
 ....do 
 
 ....do 
 
 Sept. 18,1915 
 
 Sept. 8,1915 
 Sept. 4,1915 
 Sept. 9,1915 
 
 Received. 
 
 Mar. 5,1915 
 Mar. 8, 1916 
 Mar. 20,1915 
 Mar. 9, 1915 
 Mar. 15,1915 
 
 ....do 
 
 Mar. 16,1915 
 24, 1915 
 1, 1915 
 27, 1915 
 29, 1915 
 29, 1915 
 
 do 
 
 Apr. 3, 1915 
 
 do 
 
 Apr. 5, 1915 
 Apr. 6,1915 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Apr. 14,1915 
 Apr. 19,1915 
 Apr. 20,1915 
 Apr. 27,1915 
 
 do 
 
 May 3, 1916 
 May 10,1915 
 
 do 
 
 May 11,1915 
 May 15,1916 
 
 do 
 
 May 20,1916 
 
 do 
 
 'Mar. 
 
 Mar. 
 
 Mar. 
 
 Mar. 
 
 Mar. 
 'Mar. 
 
 Mar. 
 
 Mar. 
 
 June 
 
 Apr. 
 
 do 
 
 May 27,1915 
 June 18,1915 
 June 21,1915 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 June 23,1916 
 June 29,1916 
 July 12,1916 
 July 16,1916 
 
 .do.. 
 
 Sept. 21, 1916 
 July 19,1915 
 
 July 23,1915 
 July 24,1915 
 July 26,1916 
 July 27,1915 
 do 
 
 July 30,1916 
 July 31,1916 
 
 do 
 
 Aug. 6,1915 
 
 do 
 
 Aug. 10,1915 
 Aug. 21,1915 
 
 do 
 
 Aug. 24,1916 
 Aug. 28,1915 
 
 fMar. 11,1916 
 
 Aug. 30,1915 
 Aug. 31,1915 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Sept. 22, 1915 
 
 1 Unconditional. 
 
 Sept. 11,1915 
 do 
 
 Sept. 13,1915 
 
 Report, July 26, 1915, 
 
 Approved or 
 disapproved. 
 
 9,19: 
 16, 19: 
 22,19: 
 15, 19: 
 18, 19: 
 
 20, 19 
 18, 19: 
 
 31,19: 
 5,19: 
 1,19: 
 
 do 
 
 July 30,19: 
 Apr. 1,19: 
 
 Apr, 
 Apr. 
 Apr 
 Apr. 
 
 7,19 
 23, 19 
 
 8,19: 
 10, 19: 
 
 ,do 
 
 do 
 
 Apr. 19,19: 
 Apr. 21,19: 
 Apr. 24,19: 
 Apr. 28,19: 
 
 do 
 
 May 6, 19: 
 May 10,19: 
 May 11,19: 
 May 13,19: 
 May 18,19: 
 May 19,19: 
 May 22,19: 
 doi 
 
 May 27,19: 
 May 29,19: 
 I June 21, 19: 
 July 1,19: 
 June 29,19: 
 ....do., 
 June 24,19: 
 July 1, 19: 
 
 do.. 
 
 July 27,19: 
 July 22,19: 
 
 do-. 
 
 Sept. 23,19: 
 July 27,19: 
 
 July 
 Aug. 
 July 
 July 
 July 
 
 26, 19: 
 6,19: 
 28, 19: 
 30, 19: 
 30, 19: 
 
 Aug. 6, 19: 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Aug. 10,19: 
 
 do.. 
 
 Aug. 13,19: 
 Aug. 23,19: 
 Aug. 24,19: 
 Aug. 25,19: 
 Sept, 1,19: 
 
 Mar. 15,19: 
 
 Sept, 1,19: 
 Sept. 2,19: 
 Sept. 2,19: 
 
 do 
 
 Oct. 25,19 
 
 Sept. 14. 1915 
 
 do 
 
 ..-.do 
 
 Returned to 
 superintend- 
 ent. 
 
 Mar. 10,1916 
 Mar. 17,1916 
 Mar. 23,1916 
 16,1915 
 19, 1915 
 22, 1915 
 19, 1915 
 31,1916 
 7, 1915 
 2,1915 
 Do. 
 July 31,1915 
 Apr. 2,1915 
 8, 1915 
 24, 1915 
 9,1915 
 12, 1915 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 Apr. 19,1916 
 Apr. 22,1915 
 Apr. 24,1918 
 Apr. 28,1918 
 
 Do. 
 May 6, 1915 
 May 11,1916 
 May 12,1916 
 May 14,1915 
 May 19,1915 
 May 20,1916 
 May 24,1915 
 Do. 
 
 Mar. 
 Mar. 
 Mar. 
 Mar. 
 Mar, 
 June 
 Apr. 
 
 Apr. 
 Apr. 
 Apr. 
 
 May 
 June 
 June 
 July 
 June 
 June 
 June 
 July 
 July 
 July 
 July 
 
 27, 1915 
 1, 1915 
 
 22. 1915 
 2,1915 
 
 30,1915 
 
 29. 1916 
 26, 1915 
 
 3, 1915 
 
 1, 1915 
 
 27,1915 
 
 23, 1915 
 
 Do. 
 Sept. 23,1916 
 July 27,1916 
 
 July 26,1915 
 Aug. 10,1915 
 July 28,1915 
 July 31,1915 
 Do. 
 
 Aug. 5, 1915 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 Aug. 11,1915 
 
 Do. 
 Aug. 14,1915 
 Aug. 23,1916 
 Aug. 25,1915 
 Aug. 26,1915 
 Sept. 2, 1916 
 Mar. 16,1916 
 
 Sept. 2,1915 
 Sept. 3, 1915 
 Sept. 2,1915 
 Sept.i 3,1915 
 Oct. 26,1915 
 
 Sept. 14.1915 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 
86 FIVE CIVILIZED TBIBES OF INDIANS. 
 
 Bemoval of restriction cases received in the Indian Office since Jan. 1, 1915 — Continued. 
 
 CHEROKEE— Continued. 
 
 Name of allottee. 
 
 Application. 
 
 Forwarded 
 by superin- 
 tendent. 
 
 Received. 
 
 Approved or 
 disapproved. 
 
 Returned to 
 superintend- 
 ent. 
 
 Rebecca E. Smith 
 
 Annie Karney 
 
 Alsie Holmes 
 
 William Thornton 
 
 Leona M. Byers 
 
 Moses Lowrey 
 
 Lila Ussrey, n4e Thornton. .. 
 
 Maggie D. Conseer 
 
 Cherokee Bread 
 
 Ellis Waterkiller 
 
 Annie Downing, nee Turner. 
 
 Emma Mounts, n^ Benge... 
 
 Maggie White, n6e Cochran. . 
 
 Artemus W. Rogers 
 
 OUie Fixir, n^ Justice 
 
 Hooley Sanders 
 
 William Tooley 
 
 Susan Keener, n^e Butler — 
 
 Robert Butler 
 
 Samuel Butler 
 
 Steve Carey 
 
 Nellie Reach 
 
 Jack Balew 
 
 Lila Blossom 
 
 Elizabeth Grass 
 
 Clem Treasurer 
 
 Thomas Rowe 
 
 Aimie Flute, nSe Standing- 
 deer 
 
 Ruth Gleim, niSe Palone 
 
 Thomas Comtassel 
 
 Cicero D. Toney 
 
 Lewis WoodaU 
 
 Susan I angley 
 
 Archie Smith 
 
 Jemiie Blossom 
 
 Sallie Carey 
 
 Mary Matry, nSe Bunch 
 
 Looney Mills 
 
 Samuel E. Adair 
 
 Mink Dry water 
 
 Andy Hair 
 
 Sallie Stealer (now EUis) 
 
 Alexander Tindle 
 
 Jesse Feather 
 
 Alice Fields (now Bucket).. . 
 
 Gladys Adair 
 
 Johnson Houseberg 
 
 Bunch Drywater 
 
 Carrie E. Anspach. n6e Ket- 
 cher ; 
 
 Susan Drpwater 
 
 Margaret \Voods 
 
 George Wilson 
 
 Joe Bett 
 
 Nancy Youngbird, n6e 
 Scraper 
 
 Isaac Hummingbird 
 
 Eh Bat 
 
 Isaac Hummingbird 
 
 Walker Cochran 
 
 Catherine Kaiser 
 
 Nellie Taylor, nge Daugh- 
 erty 
 
 Eliza A. Joum6ycaT--e 
 
 Lelia Reeves, n^e Baldridge., 
 
 Henry l.owry 
 
 ("Jeorge Hooper 
 
 Benjamin Knight 
 
 Betsey Parris 
 
 Charlotte Clioate,nee Sanders 
 
 Peggy Freeman 
 
 Dennis Terrell 
 
 Nellie Tippet, n^e Swimmer. 
 
 Carrie Glenn, nge Tjmer 
 
 Angle Reaves 
 
 June 2, 1911 
 Mar. 24,1915 
 Feb. 3,1915 
 Mar. 8, 1915 
 Mar. 12,1915 
 Jime 25,1915 
 Dec. 4, 1914 
 4, 1911 
 1, 1915 
 20, 19X5 
 5, 1915 
 8, 1914 
 
 3. 1914 
 25, 1915 
 24, 1915 
 16, 1915 
 
 4. 1915 
 Aug. 17,1915 
 Dec. 22,1914 
 
 do 
 
 July 20,1915 
 Jime 29,1915 
 May 15,1915 
 Apr. 10,1914 
 Apr. 26,1915 
 
 do 
 
 Feb. 26,1915 
 
 Dec. 
 Mar. 
 Mar. 
 June 
 Aug. 
 Mar. 
 Mar. 
 July 
 Mar. 
 Feb. 
 
 Aug. 
 Apr. 
 Feb. 
 May 
 Aug. 
 Aug. 
 Mar. 
 May 
 Mar. 
 Jan. 
 Aug. 
 July 
 Feb. 
 July 
 May 
 Jan. 
 -■Vug. 
 Feb. 
 Aug. 
 Dec. 
 
 28,1915 
 12,1915 
 5,1915 
 
 14. 1915 
 11,1915 
 
 27. 1916 
 18, 1916 
 19, 1915 
 16, 1915 
 26, 1915 
 
 24. 1915 
 17,1915 
 16,1915 
 24,1915 
 16,1914 
 
 5, 1915 
 
 23. 1916 
 13,1915 
 30,1915 
 
 8, 1914 
 
 July 21,1916 
 Apr. 9, 1916 
 Aug. 20,1916 
 July 20,1915 
 do 
 
 Aug. 
 Mar. 
 Sept. 
 .^ug. 
 Sept. 
 ct. 
 
 June 
 
 May 
 
 '^ ct. 
 
 Apr. 
 
 July 
 
 June 
 
 Aug. 
 
 Dec. 
 
 Sept. 
 
 Sept, 
 
 Oct. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 Apr. 
 
 20, 1915 
 11,1915 
 
 1, 1915 
 10, 1915 
 
 4, 1915 
 22,1915 
 
 3, 1915 
 29, 1915 
 14, 1915 
 20,1915 
 23, 1915 
 17, 1913 
 3,1915 
 4, 1915 
 25,1915 
 27, 1915 
 23, 1915 
 25, 1915 
 27, 1915 
 
 Sept. 13,1915 
 Sept. 18,1915 
 
 do 
 
 Sept. 21,1915 
 Sept. 24,1915 
 Sept. 27, 1915 
 Sept. 23,1915 
 Sept. 27, 1915 
 Sept. 28, 1915 
 Sept. 29, 1915 
 Oct. 2, 1915 
 Oct. 6, 1915 
 Oct. 4, 1915 
 Oct. 9, 1915 
 do 
 
 ct. 12,1915 
 do 
 
 ct. 13,1915 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 ■ ct. 14,1915 
 do 
 
 ct. 16,1915 
 'ct. 20,1915 
 ret. 21,1915 
 do 
 
 ct. 23,1915 
 
 '' ct. 26,1916 
 ' ct. 27,1915 
 -...do 
 
 ' ct. 
 ' ct. 
 ^ct. 
 Nov. 
 Nov. 
 Nov. 
 Nov. 
 
 28. 1915 
 
 29. 1916 
 28, 1915 
 
 1,1915 
 2, 1915 
 
 1. 1915 
 
 3. 1916 
 
 ....do 
 
 Nov. 5, 1916 
 
 ....do 
 
 ....do 
 
 Nov. 10,1915 
 Nov. 9,1916 
 Nov. 13,1916 
 
 .-..do 
 
 Nov. 16,1915 
 
 -.--do 
 
 Nov. 1.6,1915 
 
 Nov. 
 Nov. 
 Nov. 
 Nov. 
 Nov. 
 
 17,1915 
 19,1915 
 20,1915 
 22, 1915 
 23, 1915 
 
 Nov. 30,1916 
 Dec. 2.1915 
 
 do.: 
 
 Dec. 3,1915 
 Dec. 6,1915 
 -...do 
 
 Sept. 15,1915 
 Sept. 21, 1915 
 
 do 
 
 Sept. 27, 1915 
 Sept. 28, 1915 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Sept. 30, 1915 
 Oct. 1, 1915 
 
 do 
 
 Oct. 5, 1915 
 Oct. 9, 1915 
 
 do 
 
 Oct. 13,1915 
 
 do 
 
 ' ct. 15,1915 
 ( ct. 16,1915 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 fct. 18,1915 
 
 do 
 
 ret. 19,1915 
 Cot. 25,1915 
 
 ....do 
 
 ...do 
 
 'Ct. 26,1915 
 
 '' ct. 29, 1915 
 Cct. 30,1915 
 
 ....do 
 
 Nov. 1,1916 
 Nov. 2,1916 
 Nov. 6,1915 
 
 ....do 
 
 ....do 
 
 ....do 
 
 Nov. 6, 1915 
 
 ....do 
 
 Nov. 9,1915 
 
 ....do 
 
 .-..do 
 
 Nov. 12,1916 
 
 ....do 
 
 Nov. 16,1915 
 
 ....do 
 
 Nov. 19,1915 
 
 -...do 
 
 Nov. 20,1915 
 
 ....do 
 
 Nov. 23, 1915 
 
 ....do 
 
 Nov. 26,1916 
 ---.do 
 
 Oct. 
 ret. 
 ret. 
 fct. 
 
 Dec. 3, 1915 
 Deo. 4,1915 
 
 ....do 
 
 ....do 
 
 Dec. 6,1915 
 ....do 
 
 Dec. 8, 1916 
 Dec. 10,1915 
 
 do 
 
 Dec. 14,1915 
 Dec. 16,1915 
 Dec. 17,1915 
 Dec. 23,1915 
 Dec. 27,1916 
 
 ..-.do 
 
 Jan. 8,1916 
 Jan. 3, 1916 
 Jan. 7, 1916 
 ..-.do 
 
 • Unconditional. 
 
 Dec. 13,1915 
 Dec. 14,1915 
 
 do 
 
 Dec. 18,1915 
 Dec. 20,1916 
 
 ....do 
 
 Deo. 27,1915 
 Dec. 30,1915 
 
 ....do 
 
 Jan. 11,1916 
 Jan. 6, 1916 
 .Ian. 10,1916 
 ....do 
 
 Sept. 15, 1916 
 Sept. 23, 1915 
 
 do 
 
 Oct. 1, 1915 
 
 1 Oct. 6, 1915 
 
 Oct. 2, 1915 
 
 Oct. 5, 1915 
 
 do 
 
 ....do 
 
 ....do 
 
 Oct. 7,1915 
 Oct. 12,1915 
 
 ....do 
 
 lOct. 15,1915 
 15, 1915 
 20, 1915 
 21,1915 
 20, 1915 
 
 do 
 
 -...do 
 
 fct. 23,1915 
 
 ....do 
 
 Nov. 15,1915 
 Cct. 29,1915 
 
 ....do 
 
 Nov. 15,1915 
 Oct. 28,1915 
 
 Nov. 1,1915 
 Nov. 4, 1915 
 
 do 
 
 Nov. 3, 1915 
 
 ....do 
 
 Nov. 9,1915 
 iNov. 8,1916 
 
 do 
 
 Nov. 9,1915 
 Dec. 17,1916 
 Nov. 9,1916 
 Nov. 11,1916 
 Nov. 13,1915 
 
 do 
 
 Dec. 17,1915 
 Nov. 17,1915 
 Nov. 18,1916 
 Nov. 19,1915 
 Nov. 29,1915 
 Nov. 22,1915 
 Nov. 29,1915 
 
 do 
 
 Dec. 6; 1915 
 Dec. 13,1915 
 Nov. 29,1915 
 Dec. 16,1915 
 
 Dec. 7,1915 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Dec. 9,1915 
 do.i 
 
 Dec. 18,1915 
 
 do.i 
 
 do 
 
 Dec. 22,1916 
 do 
 
 Deo. 23,1915 
 
 Deo. 30,1915 
 
 Jan. 12,1916 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Jan. 7, 1916 
 iJan. 12,1916 
 
 Jan. 13,1916 
 
 Sept. 17,1916 
 Sept. 23,1015 
 
 Do. 
 Oct. 2,1916 
 Oct. 8,1915 
 Oct. 2,1915 
 Oct. 6,1915 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 Oct. 8,1915 
 Oct. 13,1915 
 
 Do. 
 Oct. 16,1915 
 
 Do. 
 Cct. 21,1915 
 fct.. 22,1911 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 Oct. 25,1915 
 
 Do. 
 Nov. 17,1915 
 fct. 30,1915 
 
 Do. 
 Nov. 17,1916 
 fct. 29,1915 
 
 Nov. 2,1915 
 Nov. 4,1915 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 Nov. 3,1915 
 Nov. 9,1915 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 Dee. 17,1915 
 Nov. 10,1915 
 Nov. 11,1915 
 Nov. 15,1915 
 Nov. 16,1915 
 Dec. 17,1915 
 Nov. 18,1915 
 
 Do. 
 Nov. 19,1915 
 Nov. 29,1915 
 Nov. 23,1915 
 Dec. 2,1915 
 
 Nov. 29,1915 
 Dec. 8,1915 
 Dec. 16,1916 
 Nov. 30,1915 
 Dec. 17,1915 
 
 Deo. 8,1916 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 Dec. 10,1915 
 
 Do. 
 
 Dec. 20,1915 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 Deo. 23,1913 
 
 Do. 
 Deo. 27,1915 
 Deo. 31,1915 
 Jan. 13,1916 
 
 Do. 
 Jan. 13,1916 
 Jan. 8,1916 
 Jan. 13,1915 
 Jan. 14,1916 
 
FIVE CIVILIZED TBIBES OP INDIANS. 
 
 87 
 
 Removal of restriction cases received in the Indian Office since Jan, 1, 1915 — Continued. 
 
 CHEROKEE— Continued. 
 
 Name of allottee. 
 
 Application. 
 
 Jesse Duck 
 
 Katie Starr 
 
 Peggy DouWehead 
 
 Wilffiim Thirsty 
 
 Jennie Holland, nfie Morris . . 
 
 Eliza J. Secondine 
 
 William Humanstrlker .-.•.... 
 
 Jennie Pan 
 
 Wm. L. Russell 
 
 Lucy Russell 
 
 SallieM. Proctor 
 
 Maggie Snake .' 
 
 Sarai Spaniard 
 
 Jno. W. McCracker 
 
 Chas. Bearpaw 
 
 Fannie January, nge Cay- 
 wood 
 
 PoUy Ketcher, nfie David... 
 
 Lizzie Coming 
 
 Isaac Fisher 
 
 Thomas Pegg 
 
 Joseph Proctor 
 
 Eliza Chuculate 
 
 Hunter Runaway 
 
 John Glass 
 
 Nancy J. Shell 
 
 Nellie Ned 
 
 Abraham Pleasant 
 
 Daniel C. Ross 
 
 John Christie 
 
 Sarah Anderson 
 
 Eli Whitmire 
 
 Jefl Osage 
 
 George Varm 
 
 John Leaf 
 
 Maggie Smith 
 
 J. Ida Hicks 
 
 John Deerhead 
 
 Thomas Whitewater 
 
 Dora M. Epperson, n4e Horn. 
 
 OUieRohin 
 
 Jesse Ridge 
 
 Alexander Love 
 
 Stephen W. Peak 
 
 Dutch Whiteturkey 
 
 Do 
 
 Jennie King, n6e Doublehead 
 
 William Downing 
 
 Wilson Cummings 
 
 Bird Knight 
 
 Cynthia Herrod, nfe Colston. 
 
 Charlotte Hogner 
 
 Looney Goingtosleep 
 
 Amanda Brown 
 
 Jacob Watts 
 
 Urban Miller 
 
 Diana Bendabout 
 
 Sam Bigknife 
 
 Nancy Gritts, nfie Pelone — 
 
 Charley Osage 
 
 Becky Crittenden 
 
 May 31,1915 
 July 11,1915 
 Sept. 28,1914 
 Dec. 9, 1915 
 Sept. 16, 1915 
 May W,1915 
 July 27,1915 
 Aug. 6,1913 
 Sept. 26, 1915 
 
 do 
 
 Oct. 22,1915 
 Jan. 2, 1915 
 Sept. 29, 1915 
 Jan. 5,1916 
 July 19,1915 
 
 Forwarded 
 by superin- 
 tendent. 
 
 Aug. 
 Oct. 
 Nov. 
 May 
 May 
 May 
 Oct. 
 
 11,1915 
 19, 1915 
 4, 1915 
 11,1915 
 9, 1914 
 18,1915 
 16, 1915 
 Sept. 18, 1915 
 Nov. 6,1915 
 Mar. 17,1915 
 
 Apr. 
 Deo. 
 Dec. 
 Jan. 
 Feb. 
 
 30, 1915 
 
 6. 1915 
 
 27. 1915 
 
 28. 1916 
 
 4. 1916 
 
 Nov. 3,1916 
 Nov. 18,1915 
 Dec. 14,1915 
 Dec. 30,1915 
 Jan. 10,1916 
 June 17,1915 
 Jan. 30,1915 
 Dec. 12,1915 
 Oct. 22,1915 
 Nov. 30,1915 
 May 25,1914 
 Jan. 2, 1915 
 Feb. 26,1915 
 
 do 
 
 May 25,1915 
 May 14,1915 
 11, 1915 
 
 26. 1915 
 
 13. 1916 
 19, 1915 
 20, 1915 
 
 3, 1908 
 Not. 11,1914 
 Dec. 22,1914 
 5, 1914 
 9, 1914 
 9, 1914 
 3, 1914 
 
 Jan. 10,1916 
 
 do 
 
 Jan. 24,1916 
 28, 1916 
 27, 1916 
 31,1916: 
 2,1916 
 5, 1916 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 ....do , 
 
 ....do 
 
 Feb. 7, 1916 
 ....do 
 
 Jan. 
 Jan. 
 «Jan. 
 Feb. 
 Feb. 
 
 Oct. 
 Nov. 
 Jan. 
 Oct. 
 Oct. 
 Aug. 
 
 Dec. 
 May 
 Jan. 
 Aug. 
 
 Nov. 10,1914 
 
 John Spade Nov. 19,1913 ! Jan 
 
 Taylor Cockrum : Feb, '" '""" ^-" 
 
 16,1909 
 
 Lucy Sareopie 
 
 Marcie Chair . .' June 20, 1914 
 
 Jan. 14,1915 
 Mar. 24,1915 
 Mav 27,1914 
 
 Feb. 10,1916 
 
 do 
 
 ....do 
 
 Feb. 14,1916 
 Feb. 15,1916 
 Feb. 17,1916 
 
 do 
 
 ....do 
 
 Feb. 19,1916 
 
 ....do 
 
 Feb. 21,1916 
 Feb. 25,1916 
 Feb. 26,1916 
 Feb. 24,1916 
 Feb. 26,1916 
 
 do 
 
 Mar. 3,1916 
 
 do 
 
 Mar. 1, 1916 
 Mar. 6,1916 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Mar. 9, 1916 
 
 do 
 
 Mar. 8,1916 
 Mar. 13,1916 
 
 do 
 
 Feb. 19,1915 
 May 25,1915 
 Aug. 7, 1915 
 Aug. 24,1915 
 
 do 
 
 Nov. 17,1915 
 7, 1916 
 8, 1916 
 2, 1916 
 3, 1916 
 
 ....do 
 
 Feb. 18,1915 
 Feb. 20,1915 
 Feb. 12,1916 
 10, 1915 
 2, 1915 
 28, 1915 
 25, 1915 
 
 27. 1915 
 
 8. 1915 
 
 26. 1914 
 
 15. 1916 
 
 8. 1916 
 5, 1915 
 
 24. 1915 
 
 Received. 
 
 Mar. 
 Mar. 
 Mar. 
 Mar. 
 
 Feb. 
 Feb. 
 Jan. 
 Jan. 
 
 Jan. 
 Oct. 
 Jan. 
 May 
 Apr. 
 Mar, 
 
 Jan. 14,1916 
 
 do 
 
 Jan. 28,1916 
 Jan. 31,1916 
 
 do 
 
 Feb. 4, 1916 
 Feb. 7, 1916 
 Feb. 8,1916 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Feb. 11,1916 
 do 
 
 Feb. 1, 1916 
 
 ....do 
 
 Jan. 31,1916 
 Feb. 7,1916 
 Feb. 2,1916 
 Mar. 20,1916 
 Feb. 10,1916 
 Feb. 11,1916 
 I Feb. 14,1916 
 .do.i. 
 
 Feb. 14,1916 
 
 ....do 
 
 ....do 
 
 Feb. 17,1916 
 Feb. 18,1916 
 Feb. 21,1916 
 
 do 
 
 ....do 
 
 Feb. 23,1916 
 
 do 
 
 Feb. 24,1916 
 Feb. 29,1916 
 
 do 
 
 Mar. 1, 1916 
 Mar. 2, 1916 
 
 ....do 
 
 Mar. 6, 1916 
 
 ....do 
 
 Mar. 7, 1916 
 Mar. 8,1916 
 
 do 
 
 Mar. 10,1916 
 Mar. 13,1916 
 
 do 
 
 ....do 
 
 Mar. 16,1916 
 Mar. .17, 1916 
 Mar. 5,1915 
 May 28,1915 
 Aug. 10,1915 
 Aug. 25,1916 
 Aug. 28,1915 
 Nov. 20, 1915 
 Mar. 10,1916 
 Mar. 11,1916 
 Mar. 6, 191? 
 
 ....do 
 
 ....do 
 
 Feb. 24,1916 
 6, 1916 
 
 Annie Cochran 
 
 Ella Hildebrand 
 
 Richard Wilkerson 
 
 Lucinda Moore, nee Secon- ^^^^^^^^^. ^^,^ ^,^,n, ^pr, 3,1916 Apr. 9,1915 
 
 Samuel 0"rieids 'Nov. 1,1911 Mar. 30,1915 do Apr. 7,1915 
 
 Ma"y Hendriiks,n& Watts.. i Jan. 30; 1915 do Apr. 6,1916 'Apr. 10,1915 
 
 1 Unconditional. 
 
 2 Report Mar. 17, 1916. 
 8 Disapproved. 
 
 5 Returned with'li.st of cases where land had oil value. Mar. 5, 1915, not approved 
 
 Approved or 
 disapproved. 
 
 Feb. 10,1916 
 Feb. 11,1916 
 
 ....do 
 
 Feb. 15,1916 
 Feb. 14,1916 
 
 Feb. 16,1916 
 Feb. 17,1916 
 Feb. 21,1916 
 
 iFeb. 24,1916 
 Feb. 21,1916 
 Feb. 25,1916 
 Feb. 24,1916 
 
 do 
 
 Mar. 4, 1916 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do.i 
 
 do.i 
 
 do 
 
 do.i 
 
 Mar. 9, 1916 
 Mar. 13,1916 
 
 do.i 
 
 do 
 
 Mar. 11,1916 
 Mar. 13,1916 
 Mar. 16,1916 
 
 iMar. 18,1916 
 Mar. 16,1916 
 
 iMar. 20,1916 
 Mar. 20,1916 
 
 IMar. 9,1915 
 
 (=) 
 Aug. 12,1915 
 Oct. 7, 1916 
 
 do 
 
 Nov. 29,1916 
 
 RetiuTied to 
 superintend- 
 ent. 
 
 <Feb, 
 Feb. 
 Feb. 
 Feb. 
 Feb. 
 
 IS, 1915 
 18, 1915 
 8, 1915 
 2, 1915 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Jan. 18,1915 
 ■Nov. 2, 1914 
 Jan. 18,1915 
 May 11,1915 
 Apr. 9, 1915 
 Mar. 30,1915 
 
 IMar, 
 Mar. 
 Mar. 
 Mar, 
 
 lApr. 
 
 Mar. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 Feb. 
 iJan. 
 
 13, 1916 
 15, 1916 
 
 9, 1916 
 13, 1916 
 
 .do.i 
 
 Mar. 2, 1915 
 
 7, 1915 
 
 2, 1915 
 23, 1915 
 18, 1915 
 
 5, 1915 
 20, 1915 
 
 9. 1915 
 21, 1915 
 
 22, 1915 
 13, 1915 
 10, 1915 
 
 3. 1916 
 
 Jan. 
 
 'May 
 Apr. 
 Apr. 
 
 Feb 
 Feb. 
 Mar. 
 Feb 
 
 Feb. 8,1916 
 
 Do. 
 Feb. 1, 1918 
 8,1916 
 3,1916 
 21,1916 
 11,1916 • 
 Feb. 14,1916 
 Feb. 15,1916 
 
 Do. 
 Feb. 11,1916 
 Feb. 14,1916 
 
 Do. 
 Feb. 16,1915 
 Feb. 15,1916 
 
 Feb. 17,1916 
 Feb. 18,1916 
 Feb. 21,1916 
 Feb. 28,1916 
 Feb. 23,1916 
 Feb. 28,1916 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 Mar. 6, 1916 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 Mar. 4, 1916 
 Mar. 6, 1916 
 Mar. 10,1916 
 Mar. 14,1916 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 Mar. 13,1916 
 Mar. 14,1916 
 Mar. 17,1916 
 Mar. 20,1916 
 Mar. 17,1916 
 Mar. 20,1915 
 Mar. 21,1916 
 Mar. 10,1915 
 June 7, 1915 
 Aug. 13,1915 
 -Oct. 7, 1915 
 
 Do. 
 Nov. 29, 1915 
 Mar. 14,1916 
 Mar. 16,1916 
 Mar. 10,1916 
 Mar. 14,1916 
 
 Do. 
 
 Mar. 2, 1915 
 
 8, 1915 
 
 5, 1915 
 
 25, 1915 
 
 19, 1915 
 
 5, 1915 
 
 23,1915 
 
 Feb. 10,1915 
 Jan. 22,J915 
 
 Apr. 
 Mar. 
 Feb. 
 Feb. 
 Feb. 
 Feb. 
 
 Jan. 23,1915 
 
 May 14,1915 
 
 Apr. 12,1915 
 
 Apr. 31,1916 
 
 Apr. 9, 1915 
 Apr. 8, 1916 
 Apr. 10,1916 
 
88 
 
 FIVE CIVILIZED TEIBES OF INDIANS. 
 
 Removal of restriction cases received in the Indian Office since Jan. 1, 1915 — Continued; 
 
 CHEROKEE— Continued. 
 
 Name of allottee. 
 
 Albion S. Robertson 
 
 William Taylor, jr 
 
 Katie Fourkiller 
 
 Charlie Webber 
 
 Looney Hammer 
 
 Amanda Colston, nfe Young 
 I'annie Dew, nfie Hawkins. . . 
 
 Betsey Vann, nia Shade 
 
 Jennie Carey 
 
 Arthur Armstrong 
 
 George Conner 
 
 Nancy Bigknife 
 
 Samuel Bright 
 
 Jacob Parks 
 
 Annie Flint 
 
 Patracow 
 
 Dora Gibson 
 
 Stephen A. Miller 
 
 James Muskrat 
 
 .\rch Looking 
 
 Susan Bobb 
 
 Henry Spybuck 
 
 Elmira Roach 
 
 Joel B . Mayes 
 
 Agnes Cheney, nee Foreman. 
 
 Joel Downing 
 
 Webster Wickett 
 
 Cornelius Treasurer 
 
 Sam Squirrel 
 
 David E . Smallwood 
 
 Jesse Jumper 
 
 Blue Runabout 
 
 Richard Ketcher 
 
 William Harvey. '. f. 
 
 Mary Dirteater 
 
 Wilson Hair 
 
 Jennie Shell 
 
 John Watermelon 
 
 Robin Mike 
 
 James Pumpkin 
 
 Groundhog Drug 
 
 Charlie Glass 
 
 Rachel Rogers 
 
 Henry Scraper 
 
 Lillie Wilson 
 
 George Mills 
 
 Eva Taylor 
 
 Thomas Williams 
 
 Joseph Daughterty 
 
 Louisa Chuculate 
 
 Charles Foreman.., 
 
 Jennie Neuger, nde Bailey. . . 
 
 Thomas Stealer 
 
 James Still 
 
 Wm. Scullawl 
 
 Zeke McCoy 
 
 Riley Scott 
 
 James Washington 
 
 Jane A. Brackett, n(5e Batt 
 
 Henry Brown 
 
 Lizzie Nakedhead 
 
 Banjamin Knight 
 
 SamuW Leach 
 
 John Looney 
 
 Jack Bluebird 
 
 John Houseberg 
 
 Lizzie Bell Houseberg 
 
 Bear Scullawl 
 
 Susie Price 
 
 Application. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 Dec. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 Mar. 
 
 Mar. 
 
 Mar. 
 
 Aug. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 Dec. 
 
 May 
 
 Mar. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 Sept. 
 
 Aug. 
 
 Sept. 
 
 Sept. 
 
 Aug., 
 
 Jan. 
 
 Deo. 
 
 Nov. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 June 
 
 Oct. 
 
 Aug. 
 
 Mar. 
 
 June 
 
 Apr. 
 
 June 
 
 May 
 
 Apr. 
 
 July 
 
 May 
 
 July 
 
 Mar. 
 
 Mar, 
 
 Jan. 
 
 Mar. 
 
 Feb, 
 
 Feb. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 Mar. 
 
 Dec. 
 
 Aug. 
 
 Sept. 
 
 Oct, 
 
 June 
 
 Aug, 
 
 Nov, 
 
 June 
 
 Deo, 
 
 Dec, 
 
 Nov, 
 
 Oct. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 Sept, 
 
 Dec, 
 
 Nov, 
 
 Sept, 
 
 Jan, 
 
 Oct, 
 
 Oct, 
 
 July 
 
 Nov. 
 
 July 
 
 Apr, 
 
 May 
 
 ., 1915 
 ', 1915 
 ;, 1913 
 1, 1915 
 ', 1915 
 , 1915 
 ., 1915 
 •, 1914 
 ,, 1915 
 ;, 1914 
 , 1914 
 ' 1915 
 ,, 1915 
 191.3 
 ., 1915 
 ', 1915 
 
 1. 1914 
 1915 
 
 1. 1915 
 ■, 1915 
 ,1915 
 ,1915 
 1, 1915 
 ;, 1916 
 1, 1915 
 :, 1915 
 1, 1915 
 , 1915 
 :, 1915 
 1, 1915 
 ,1915 
 ,1915 
 , 1915 
 , 1915 
 ,1915 
 ', 1915 
 ,1914 
 ,1915 
 ,1915 
 ,1915 
 ,1915 
 , 1915 
 , 1915 
 , 1915 
 1, 1914 
 :, 1915 
 , 1915 
 ;, 1915 
 ,1915 
 i,1915 
 ,1912 
 ,1915 
 ,1914 
 
 1914 
 , 1914 
 ,1914 
 ,1914 
 ,1915 
 ,1913 
 ■, 1915 
 ,1915 
 ,1916 
 ,1915 
 ,1914 
 , 1915 
 . 1914 
 ,1915 
 ,1915 
 ,1915 
 
 Forwarded 
 by superin- 
 tendent. 
 
 Mar, 31, 
 Mar, 23, 
 Mar, 17, 
 Mar. 13, 
 May 22, 
 May 14, 
 ....do.. 
 Apr. 16, 
 Apr, 10, 
 May 14, 
 May 11, 
 May 10, 
 May 8, 
 Jan, 24, 
 Jan, 26, 
 Jan, 13, 
 Jan, 10, 
 Dec, 22, 
 Dec. 23, 
 Dec. 15, 
 Nov. 15, 
 Nov. 5, 
 Nov. 1, 
 Oct, 30, 
 Oct, 15, 
 Oct. 9, 
 Oct. 9, 
 Sept. 25, 
 Sept. 27, 
 Sept, 23, 
 Sept, 28, 
 Sept, 23, 
 Sept, 16, 
 Aug, 25, 
 
 do... 
 
 Aug. 18, 
 Apr, 21, 
 July 27, 
 
 do... 
 
 July 8, 
 June 24, 
 June 19, 
 May 26, 
 Mav 22, 
 Feb. 17, 
 
 do... 
 
 Feb. 25, 
 Feb, 5, 
 
 do... 
 
 Feb. 10, 
 Feb, 25, 
 Jan. 31, 
 Jan, 15, 
 Jan, 4, 
 Jan. 9, 
 
 do... 
 
 Jan. 4, 
 Mar. 21, 
 July 31, 
 Mar. 22, 
 Mar, 24, 
 Feb, 11, 
 Mar, 24, 
 Sept, 8, 
 Mar, 27, 
 
 do... 
 
 do.. 
 
 Sept, 8, 
 Sept, 23, 
 
 1915 
 1915 
 1915 
 1915 
 1915 
 1915 
 
 1915 
 1915 
 1915 
 1915 
 1915 
 1915 
 1916 
 1916 
 1916 
 1916 
 1915 
 1916 
 1916 
 1915 
 1915 
 1915 
 1915 
 1915 
 1915 
 1915 
 1916 
 1915 
 1915 
 1915 
 1915 
 1915 
 1915 
 
 1015 
 1914 
 1915 
 
 mi, 
 
 1915 
 1913 
 1915 
 1915 
 1916 
 
 me 
 
 1916 
 
 1916 
 1916 
 1916 
 1915 
 1915 
 1915 
 
 1915 
 1916 
 1915 
 1916 
 1916 
 1916 
 1916 
 1915 
 1916 
 
 1915 
 1915 
 
 Received, 
 
 Jan 
 Jan 
 Jan 
 Dec 
 
 Nov, 
 Nov, 
 Nov, 
 Nov, 
 Oct, 
 Oct, 
 
 Apr. 6, 1915 
 Mar. 29,1915 
 Mar. 24,1915 
 Mar. 18,1915 
 May 27,1915 
 May 18,1915 
 
 do 
 
 Apr. 20,1915 
 Apr. 14,1915 
 May 20,1915 
 
 do 
 
 May 15,1916 
 May 13,1915 
 Jan. 28,1916 
 31, 1916 
 17, 1916 
 13,1916 
 27, 1915 
 
 do 
 
 Dec. 18,1915 
 19, 1915 
 9, 1915 
 5, 1915 
 2, 1915 
 18,1915 
 13, 1915 
 
 -...do 
 
 Sept. 28, 1916 
 
 do 
 
 ....do 
 
 Oct. 1,1915 
 Sept. 24, 1915 
 Sept. 20, 1915 
 Aug. 28,1915 
 
 ....do 
 
 Aug. 23,1915 
 Apr, 23,1914 
 July 30,1915 
 July 31,1915 
 July 12,1915 
 June 28,1915 
 June 22, 1915 
 June 1,1915 
 May 27,1916 
 Feb, 21,1916 
 
 ....do 
 
 Feb. 29,1916 
 Feb, 8, 1916 
 
 do 
 
 Feb, 14,1916 
 Feb, 29,1916 
 Feb, 4,1916 
 Jan. 18,1916 
 Jan. 12,1915 
 Jan. 14,1915 
 
 do 
 
 Jan. 12,1915 
 Mar, 25,1916 
 Aug, 6, 1915 
 Mar, 28,1916 
 
 do 
 
 Feb, 15,1916 
 Mar. 28,1916 
 Sept. 11,1915 
 Mar. 30,1916 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Sept. 11, 1915 
 Sept. 28, 1915 
 
 Approved or 
 disapproved. 
 
 Apr, 8, 1915 
 Apr, 1, 1915 
 Mar. 30,1915 
 Mar. 20,1915 
 
 ' June 1, 1916 
 May 21,1915 
 
 do 
 
 Apr. 23,1915 
 Apr. 19,1915 
 
 'May 24,1915 
 
 do 
 
 May 18,1915 
 May 14,1915 
 Feb, 1,1916 
 2, 1916 
 18, 1916 
 17, 1916 
 19, 1916 
 
 30,1916 
 
 Dec. 23,1916 
 Nov, 26,1915 
 Nov, 11,1915 
 Nov, 8,1916 
 Nov, 4,1916 
 Oct, 23,1916 
 16, 1916 
 18, 1915 
 11, 1915 
 1, 1915 
 5, 1915 
 
 do 
 
 Sept. 27, 1915 
 Sept, 22, 1915 
 Sept. 1,1915 
 
 do 
 
 Oct. 7, 1915 
 
 2 July 22,1915 
 Aug, 5, 1916 
 
 do 
 
 July 27,1915 
 July 1,1915 
 June 28,1916 
 June 5, 1915 
 May 29,1915 
 Feb. 24,1916 
 
 do 
 
 Mar. 4, 1916 
 Feb. 14,1916 
 
 do 
 
 Feb, 
 
 Jan, 
 
 iJan, 
 
 iJan, 
 
 Dec, 
 
 Oct, 
 Oct. 
 Oct. 
 Oct. 
 Oct. 
 
 Feb, 17,1916 
 
 iMar. 4,1S16 
 Feb. 7,1916 
 Jan. 21,1915 
 Jan. 14,1915 
 Jan. 20,1915 
 
 Uan. 20,1915 
 Jan. 27,1915 
 Mar, 27,1916 
 
 lAug, 10,1915 
 Mar, 31,1916 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Sept, 14, 1915 
 Apr, 3,1916 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Sept. 14, 1915 
 
 lOct. 5,1915 
 
 Returned to 
 superintend- 
 ent. 
 
 Apr. 9, 1915 
 Apr, 2,1916 
 Mar, 31,1915 
 Mar, 22,1915 
 June 2, 1915 
 May 22,1915 
 
 Do, 
 Apr, 24,1915 
 Apr, 20,1915 
 May 25,1915 
 
 Do, 
 May 20,1915 
 May 15,1915 
 Feb, 2,1916 
 3,1916 
 19,1916 
 18,1916 
 20, 1916 
 31, 1916 
 24,1915 
 27,1915 
 11,1915 
 9, 1915 
 4,1915 
 25,1915 
 16, 1915 
 18,1915 
 13,1915 
 2,1915 
 6,1915 
 7,1916 
 Sept, 28,1915 
 Sept, 23,1915 
 ~ t, 2,1915 
 do.. 
 
 Feb, 
 Jan. 
 Jan, 
 Jan, 
 Dec, 
 Dec, 
 Nov, 
 Nov, 
 Nov. 
 Nov. 
 Oct. 
 Oct. 
 Oct. 
 Oct. 
 Oct. 
 Oct. 
 Oct. 
 
 Oct, 7,1915 
 July 25,19lS 
 Aug, 5,1915 
 
 Do, 
 July 27,1915 
 July 2,1915 
 June 29,1915 
 June 7,1915 
 May 31,1915 
 Feb, 28,1916 
 
 Do, 
 Mar, 6,1916 
 Feb. 15,1916 
 
 Do. 
 Feb. 18,1916 
 Mar. 6,1916 
 Feb. 9,1916 
 Jan, 21,1916 
 Jan, 16,1916 
 Jan, 21,1915 
 
 Do, 
 Jan, 28,1915 
 Mar. 29,1916 
 Aug, 11, WW 
 Apr. 3,1916 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 Sept. 14,1915 
 Apr. 4, WW 
 
 Do. 
 Apr. 5,1916 
 Sept. 14,1915 
 Oct. 6,1915 
 
 1 Unconditional. 
 
 ' Suit instituted. May 20, 1914; decree rendered in suit July 13, 1915. 
 
FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OF INDIANS. 
 
 89 
 
 Removal of restriction cases received in the Indian Office since Jan. 1, i9i,5— Oontimied. 
 
 CREEKS. 
 
 Name of allottee. 
 
 James White 
 
 Jennette Foster, n^e Johnson. 
 
 Zenle Brow-n 
 
 Irene Stock, n^e Childers 
 
 Miller Tarpelechie 
 
 Alice Nave 
 
 Mollie Fixico 
 
 Ah-co-con-ney 
 
 Ta-co-ney 
 
 Tahsaconehteney Brown 
 (now Washburn). 
 
 Janie Grayson 
 
 Sallie Sone 
 
 Molleanna Berryhill 
 
 Thos. JefTerson 
 
 Martha Boon, n^e Adams 
 
 Phenia White 
 
 Little Fish 
 
 Kogee Harjo 
 
 Jonas Hinneha 
 
 Wesley Barnett 
 
 Thomas Atkins 
 
 Sam Boseu 
 
 Co-ke thar-ney tiger 
 
 Edmond Burgess 
 
 Sampson Seber 
 
 Jemima Colbert, nde Taylor. . 
 
 Melissa B. Emery 
 
 William Fisher 
 
 Nora Mickey, nie Nelson 
 
 David Barnett 
 
 Albert Brown 
 
 James Boney 
 
 Martin Gout 
 
 Thomas Sarty 
 
 Jeanetta Hill 
 
 Kizzie Long 
 
 Mandy Simon 
 
 Lena McNair, n^ McNae. 
 
 Fannie Bear 
 
 Liza Farmer 
 
 Selver Long 
 
 Eliza Taylor 
 
 Do 
 
 Application. 
 
 Oct. 17,1914 
 June 25,1914 
 Apr. 29,1914 
 Nov. 23,1914 
 Mar. 12,1914 
 Aug. 7, 1914 
 
 July 25,1914 
 Jan. 15,1915 
 
 ►Jan. 31,1914 
 
 July 
 
 Dec. 
 July 
 Deo. 
 Nov. 
 Oct. 
 Sept. 
 June 
 Oct. 
 
 20, 1914 
 
 15. 1913 
 7, 1914 
 2, 1914 
 
 34. 1914 
 15, 1914 
 15, 1914 
 15, 1914 
 22, 1913 
 
 Oct. 24,1914 
 
 Richard L. Morton 
 
 Dd 
 
 Alice Hooks 
 
 Watty A. Palmer 
 
 Millie Scott, nfe Foster 
 
 John Foley 
 
 Sam Miller 
 
 Lucy Henry, nfe Colbert . . 
 
 Nellie Barnett 
 
 Samuel Herrod 
 
 Joe Wisener 
 
 Albert Sloan 
 
 Maudie Harjo 
 
 John McGirt 
 
 Darwin Posey 
 
 Edmond Harry 
 
 Emma Bell, nfe Checote... 
 
 Thomas Williams 
 
 Edward Hickey 
 
 Butler Deer 
 
 Lucy Tiger 
 
 Tony Chuxco 
 
 Thomas Kelly 
 
 Hannah Tecum.seh 
 
 Nov. 6,1914 
 Oct. 28,1915 
 Feb. 17,1915 
 Sept. 18, 1913 
 Sept. 29, 1913 
 May 12,1914 
 Apr. 1, 1915 
 Apr. 7, 1915 
 
 July 22,1914 
 Jan. 27,1916 
 Feb. 13,1914 
 Apr. 23,1915 
 July 6, 1914 
 
 22, 1915 
 4, 1915 
 
 29, 1915 
 
 Apr. 
 May 
 Mar. 
 
 Sept. 8,1914 
 
 Jan. 22,1915 
 
 28,1914 
 11, 1915 
 23, 1915 
 15, 1915 
 
 15. 1913 
 15, 1915 
 
 15. 1914 
 
 12. 1915 
 24, 1915 
 26, 1915 
 25, 1914 
 26, 1914 
 
 28. 1914 
 
 15. 1915 
 30, 1915 
 26, 1915 
 
 8, 1915 
 24, 1915 
 21, 1915 
 
 3, 1915 
 18, 1915 
 10, 1915 
 26, 1915 
 
 Mar. 
 
 June 
 
 July 
 
 Mar. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 June 
 
 Dec. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 July 
 
 Apr. 
 
 Aug. 
 
 June 
 
 Dec. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 Sept. 
 
 July 
 
 Feb. 
 
 Aug. 
 
 Apr. 
 
 May 
 
 June 
 
 Mar. 
 
 July 
 
 1 Disapproved. 
 
 2 Unconditional, 
 8 Not approved. 
 
 < P.eport, Mar. 11,191.'. 
 
 Forwarded 
 by superin- 
 tendent. 
 
 Dec. 30,1914 
 
 do 
 
 Jan. 5, 1915 
 14,1915 
 16, 1915 
 28, 1914 
 
 Jan. 
 Jan. 
 Nov. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 ,1915 
 
 Jan. 29,1915 
 Feb. 5,1915 
 do 
 
 Feb. 3, 1915 
 
 Jan. 
 Jan. 
 Jan. 
 Jan. 
 Jan. 
 Jan. 
 Feb. 
 Feb. 
 Feb. 
 Feb. 
 Feb. 
 Feb. 
 Feb. 
 Mar. 
 Mar. 
 Mar. 
 Mar. 
 Mar. 
 May 
 Apr. 
 Apr. 
 Apr. 
 Apr. 
 May 
 May 
 May 
 June 
 June 
 June 
 June 
 May 
 June 
 
 15, 1915 
 20, 1915 
 23,1915 
 21.1915 
 27, 1915 
 29, 1915 
 
 5, 1915 
 
 1, 1915 
 12, 1915 
 18, 1915 
 12, 1915 
 19, 1915 
 20, 1915 
 10, 1915 
 20, 1915 
 15, 1915 
 29, 1915 
 27, 1915 
 11, 1915 
 14, 1915 
 
 1, 1915 
 13, 1915 
 16, 1915 
 
 8, 1915 
 10, 1915 
 20, 1915 
 
 2, 1915 
 15, 1915 
 16, 1915 
 23, 1915 
 
 8, 1915 
 23, 1915 
 
 July 16,1915 
 
 July 14,1915 
 Sept. 18,1915 
 Oct. 15,1915 
 July 27,1915 
 
 do 
 
 July 29,1915 
 Aug. 3,1915 
 Aug. 14,1915 
 Aug. 19,1915 
 Aug. 25,1915 
 Sept. 27, 1915 
 Sept. 29, 1915 
 
 do 
 
 Oct. 2, 1915 
 5, 1915 
 12, 1915 
 14, 1915 
 12, 1915 
 21, 1915 
 23, 1915 
 .16, 1915 
 18, 1915 
 19, 1915 
 
 Oct 
 Oct. 
 Oct. 
 Oct. 
 Oct. 
 Oct. 
 Nov, 
 Nov 
 Nov. 
 
 Received. 
 
 Jan. 2, 1915 
 Jan. 4,1915 
 Jan. 18,1915 
 
 do 
 
 Jan. 22,1915 
 
 < Dec. 8, 1914 
 
 'Feb. 2,1915 
 
 <Feb, 4,1915 
 <Feb, 11,1915 
 do 
 
 .do.. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 •Feb 
 
 Feb 
 
 Feb 
 
 Mar. 
 Mar. 
 Mar. 
 Apr. 
 Apr. 
 May 
 Apr. 
 
 Jan. 22,1915 
 Jan. 25,1915 
 Jan. 28,1915 
 28,1915 
 2, 1915 
 
 4. 1915 
 11,1915 
 
 do 
 
 Feb. 18,1916 
 Feb, 24,1915 
 Feb. 18,1915 
 Feb. 24,1915 
 Mar. 5, 1915 
 16, 1916 
 
 22. 1915 
 
 24. 1916 
 
 3. 1916 
 6, 1915 
 
 17, 1915 
 16, 1915 
 
 do 
 
 Apr. 20,1915 
 
 do 
 
 May 11,1915 
 May 17,1916 
 May 24,1915 
 June 5, 1915 
 June 18,1915 
 Julv 21,1915 
 Julie 26,1915 
 May 13,1915 
 June 26,1915 
 fJuly 19,1915 
 \July 21,1915 
 Sept. 17, 1915 
 Sept. 21, 1915 
 Oct. 18,1916 
 July 30,1915 
 July 31,1916 
 Aug. 2, 1916 
 Aug. 6, 1915 
 Aug. 17,1915 
 I Aug. 23, 1915 
 Aug. 28,1915 
 Sept. 30, 1915 
 Oct. 4, 1915 
 
 do 
 
 Oct. 6,1915 
 8, 1915 
 15, 1915 
 18, 1015 
 .... 15,1915 
 Oct. 25,1915 
 
 do 
 
 Nov. 19,1915 
 Nov. 22,1915 
 Nov. 23,1915 
 
 Approved or 
 disapproved. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 Feb. 
 2 Jan. 
 'Mar. 
 
 .do.. 
 
 5,1915 
 8,1915 
 4,1915 
 23, 1915 
 2,1915 
 
 i Mar. 2, 1915 
 
 ..do 
 
 ..do 
 
 ..do 
 
 .do.. 
 
 Oct. 
 Oct. 
 Oct. 
 Oct. 
 
 Jan. 27,1915 
 Feb. 3, 1915 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Apr. 19,1915 
 Feb. 10,1915 
 Feb. 23,1915 
 Feb. 24,1916 
 'Mar. 16,1915 
 
 do , 
 
 'Mar. 6,1916 
 •■ Mar. 2, 1915 
 Mar. 11,1915 
 Mar. 20,1916 
 Mar. 37,1916 
 Mar. 31,1916 
 Apr. 10,1915 
 Apr. 13,1915 
 May 19,1915 
 Apr. 19,1915 
 Apr. 29,1915 
 Apr. 21,1915 
 !Apr. 24,1916 
 May 12,1915 
 May 19,1915 
 Mav 26,1915 
 Julie S, 1916 
 June 19,1915 
 Julv 1, 1915 
 June 29,1915 
 May 1.5,1915 
 June 29,1915 
 July 21,1915 
 July 27,1915 
 Sept. 21, 1915 
 Sept. 23,1915 
 Oct. 21,1915 
 Aug. 5, 1915 
 
 do 
 
 Aug. 4, 1915 
 
 10, 1915 
 
 19, 1915 
 
 7, 1915 
 
 1,1915 
 
 5, 1915 
 
 6, 1915 
 
 6, 1915 
 
 7, 1915 
 
 9, 1915 
 
 20, 1915 
 
 25, 1915 
 
 18, 1915 
 
 . 1, 1915 
 
 do 
 
 Nov. 22, 1915 
 Dec. 1, 1915 
 Dec. 16,1915 
 
 Aug. 
 
 Aug. 
 
 Deo. 
 
 Sept. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 Ocl. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 Nov. 
 
 '' Apr. 29, 1915, approved. 
 
 " Approved. 
 
 ^ Unapproved. 
 
 s Report, Dec. 4, 1915. 
 
 Returned to 
 superintend- 
 ent. 
 
 Jan. 6, 1915 
 Jan. 9, 1916 
 Feb, 8, 1915 
 Jan, 26,1916 
 Mar, 5, 1916 
 Do. 
 
 r Do. 
 
 I Apr. 30,1915 
 fMar. 5, 1915 
 (.Apr. 30,1915 
 Mar. 5, 1915 
 f Do. 
 \Apr. 30,1915 
 /Mar. 6,1916 
 1 Apr. 30, 1916 
 Jan. 28,1916 
 Feb, 4, 1915 
 Feb. 6, 1915 
 Mar. 16,1915 
 Apr. 19,1915 
 Feb. 11,1915 
 Feb. 25,1915 
 
 Do. 
 Mar. 18,1916 
 
 Do. 
 .Mar. 8, 1915 
 Mar. 3, 1916 
 Mar. 12,1915 
 Mar. 22,1915 
 Mar. 27,1915 
 Mar. 31,1915 
 Apr. 10,1915 
 Apr. 14,1915 
 May 20,1915 
 Apr. 20,1916 
 Apr. 30,1916 
 Apr. 22,1915 
 Apr. 24,1915 
 May 13,1915 
 May 20,1915 
 May 26,1915 
 June 9,1915 
 June 19,1916 
 July 2, 1916 
 June 30, 1916 
 Mav 15,1915 
 June 30,1915 
 July 21,1916 
 .lulv 27,1915 
 Sept. 27, 1915 
 Sept. 23, 1916 
 Oct. 22,1915 
 Aug. 6, 1915 
 
 Do. 
 Aug. 4, 1915 
 Aug. 11,1915 
 Aug. 19,1915 
 Dec. 8, 1915 
 Sept. 2,1916 
 Oct. 7, 1915 
 
 Do. 
 Oct. 6,1915 
 Oct. 8, 1915 
 Oct. 11,1915 
 Oct. 21,1915 
 Oct. 26,1915 
 Oct. 18,1916 
 Nov. 1, 1915 
 
 Do. 
 Nov. 23, 1915 
 Dec. 1,1915 
 Deo. 18,1915 
 
90 
 
 FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OF INDIANS. 
 
 Removal of restriction cases received in the Indian Office since Jan. 1, i9/5— Continued. 
 
 CREEKS— Continued. 
 
 Name of allottee. 
 
 Application. 
 
 Carrie Brunei, n4e Brinton. . 
 
 Lena Freeman, n^ Starr 
 
 Martha Moitowee, n^ 
 
 Beaver 
 
 Wilson Brown 
 
 Lizzie Brown 
 
 Sanger Beaver 
 
 Albert Lee 
 
 Jeff Simmons 
 
 Solomon Mcintosh 
 
 Ben Peters 
 
 Micco Behen 
 
 Abraham Pin Samuel 
 
 Bemiie Bear 
 
 George Tiger 
 
 Alexander George 
 
 Annie Canard, n6e Carr 
 
 Joe Smith 
 
 Sarah Herod, n6e Bear 
 
 Rachel Grimes 
 
 Miller Bighead 
 
 James Bigpond 
 
 Mary Godwin, formerly 
 Harkness, n6e Ferryman. . 
 
 Thomas Tiger 
 
 Co-cotah-la-ney 
 
 Amos Partridge 
 
 Micco Coffee 
 
 Nicey Lee (now Harkey) . . . 
 Mary Martin, nSe Fuswa. . . 
 Washington Kanard 
 
 Addie Davis, n6e Perryman 
 
 David Mcintosh 
 
 Winey Grajjson 
 
 Daniel Rohison 
 
 Amy McKeUop, nSe File . . . 
 
 Alice Colbert 
 
 Enoch Bunger 
 
 Sandy Long 
 
 Alberd Tiger 
 
 Emma Gibson 
 
 Dick Greenwood 
 
 Nathan Dunzy 
 
 Dallas Duuzy 
 
 Celia Robinson 
 
 Louisa Harkey 
 
 Reuben L. Partridge 
 
 Rider Chenewee 
 
 Enock Bunger 
 
 Janie Gammill, n^e Foster. , 
 
 July 15,1914 
 Nov. 10,1915 
 
 Sept. 
 
 June 
 
 Oct. 
 
 Aug. 
 
 Dec. 
 
 Dec. 
 
 Dec. 
 
 Oct. 
 /Oct. 
 \Dec. 
 
 Deo. 
 
 Sept. 
 
 Aug. 
 
 Aug. 
 
 Nov. 
 
 Mar. 
 
 Nov. 
 Oct. 
 Jan. 
 
 20,1915 
 9,1914 
 25, 1915 
 24, 1915 
 16, 1915 
 3, 1915 
 28, 1915 
 21, 1915 
 
 31. 1914 
 
 11. 1915 
 3, 1915 
 
 28, 1915 
 16, 1915 
 23, 1915 
 4, 1915 
 18, 1915 
 25, 1915 
 13.1915 
 11, 1915 
 21,1916 
 
 June 30,1914 
 Nov. 9,1914 
 June 19,1915 
 Apr. 1, 1915 
 Aug. 1,3,1914 
 Feb. 19,1915 
 July 25,1914 
 Sept. 9,1915 
 
 13. 1915 
 
 21. 1916 
 31, 1915 
 16, 1915 
 
 fJan 
 \Jan. 
 
 Aug. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 .do. 
 
 Apr. 9, 1915 
 Jan. 6, 1915 
 Sept. 17, 1914 
 
 Mar. 12,1915 
 Nov. 8, 1915 
 Mav 24,1915 
 
 Jan. 6, 1915 
 Mar. 5, 1915 
 Aug. 12,1915 
 Sept. 17, 1914 
 Feb. 1, 1911 
 
 Forwarded 
 by superin- 
 tendent. 
 
 Nov. 22,1915 
 Nov. 24,1915 
 
 29, 1915 
 3, 1S15 
 
 1. 1915 
 17, 1915 
 
 24. 1915 
 
 3. 1916 
 11,1916 
 
 12. 1916 
 
 24, 1916 
 
 Nov. 
 Dec. 
 Dec. 
 Dec. 
 Dec. 
 Jan. 
 Jan. 
 Jan. 
 
 ►Jan. 
 
 Jan. 
 Jan. 
 Feb. 
 Feb. 
 Feb, 
 
 26, 1916 
 31, 1916 
 4, 1916 
 5,1916 
 11, 1916 
 Feb. 26,1916 
 Mar. 6, 1916 
 Mar. 7, 1916 
 
 ....do 
 
 Mar. 13,1916 
 
 Dec. 
 Oct. 
 Aug. 
 May 
 Mar. 
 Nov. 
 Mar. 
 Dec. 
 Mar. 
 Feb. 
 Oct. 
 Feb. 
 Feb. 
 Aug. 
 Oct. 
 Oct. 
 Feb. 
 Apr. 
 Mar. 
 June 
 
 30. 1914 
 
 23. 1915 
 12, 1915 
 28, 1915 
 29, 1915 
 24, 1915 
 27, 1915 
 21, 1915 
 
 2. 1915 
 
 2. 1916 
 14, 1915 
 20, 1915 
 18, 1915 
 10, 1915 
 20, 1915 
 15, 1915 
 
 2, 1S15 
 
 22. 1915 
 
 20. 1916 
 2, 1915 
 
 Feb. 15,1915 
 
 July 14,1915 
 Apr. 24,1915 
 Nov. 17,1915 
 Oct. 15,1915 
 Feb. 5, 1916 
 
 Nov. 26,1915 
 Nov. 27,1915 
 
 Dec. 1, 1915 
 
 Deo. 4,1915 
 
 do 
 
 Deo. 20,1915 
 
 ■Dec. 27,1915 
 
 Jan. 6, 1916 
 
 Jan. 15,1916 
 
 Jan. 17,1916 
 
 Jan. 28,1916 
 
 Received. 
 
 31, 1916 
 4, 1916 
 7, 1916 
 8, 1916 
 14, 1916 
 2, 1916 
 Mar. 10,1916 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Mar. 17,1916 
 
 Jan. 
 Feb. 
 Feb. 
 Feb. 
 Feb. 
 Mar. 
 
 Jan. 
 Oct. 
 Aug. 
 June 
 Apr. 
 Nov. 
 Apr. 
 Deo. 
 Mar. 
 Feb. 
 Oct. 
 Feb. 
 Feb. 
 Aug. 
 'Oct. 
 Oct. 
 Feb. 
 Apr. 
 Mar. 
 June 
 
 4, 1915 
 26, 1915 
 16, 1915 
 
 1. 1915 
 
 1. 1916 
 27, 1915 
 
 1, 1915 
 24, 1915 
 
 8. 1915 
 
 5. 1916 
 18, 1915 
 26, 1915 
 23, 1915 
 
 12. 1915 
 
 25. 1916 
 18, 1916 
 
 8, 1915 
 
 27. 1915 
 
 23. 1916 
 5, 1915 
 
 Approved or 
 disapproved. 
 
 Feb. 18,1915 
 
 July 19,1915 
 Apr. 30,1915 
 Nov. 20, 1915 
 Oct. 18,1915 
 Feb. 8, 1916 
 
 Nov. 27,1915 
 Nov. 29,1915 
 
 Dec. 
 Dec. 
 Dec. 
 Dec. 
 Jan. 
 Jan. 
 Jan. 
 Jan. 
 
 2, 1915 
 
 9. 1915 
 8,1915 
 
 22,1915 
 
 4. 1916 
 8, 1616 
 
 17, 1916 
 20, 1916 
 
 Feb. 2,1916 
 
 Feb. 
 Feb. 
 Feb. 
 Feb. 
 2 Feb. 
 Mar. 
 Mar. 
 Mar. 
 Mar. 
 Mar. 
 
 7, 1916 
 8, 1916 
 10, 1916 
 11,1916 
 17, 1916 
 11,1916 
 13, 1916 
 14, 1916 
 13, 1916 
 20, 1916 
 
 Jan. 8, 1915 
 Dec. 9, 1915 
 Aug. 17,1915 
 
 (?) 
 Apr. 5, 1915 
 Deo. 16,1915 
 Apr. 27,1915 
 Dec. 28,1915 
 Mar. 20,1915 
 Feb. 24,1916 
 Oct. 25,1915 
 Mar. 2, 1915 
 
 ....do 
 
 Aug. 16,1915 
 Nov. 11,1915 
 Oct. 20,1915 
 Mar. 9, 1915 
 May 8, 1915 
 Mar. 27,1916 
 June 7, 1915 
 
 (•) 
 
 July 21,1915 
 i May 6, 1915 
 Nov. 24,1915 
 Oct. 20,1915 
 Feb. 10,1916 
 
 Returned to 
 superintend- 
 ent. 
 
 Nov. 29,1915 
 Nov. 30,1915 
 
 Deo. 3,1915 
 
 Deo. 10,1915 
 
 Do. 
 
 Deo. 23,1915 
 
 Jan. 5,1916 
 
 Jan. 10,1916 
 
 Jan. 19,1916 
 
 Jan. 21,1916 
 
 Feb. 2, 1916 
 
 Feb. 8,1916 
 Feb. 9,1916 
 Feb. 11,1916 
 Feb. 14,1916 
 Feb. 18,1916 
 Mar. 13,1916 
 Mar. 14,1916 
 Mar. 15,1916 
 Mar. 14,1916 
 Mar. 21,1916 
 
 Jan. 9,1915 
 Dec. 10,1915 
 Aug. 18,1915 
 
 Apr. 6, 1915 
 
 Deo. 18,1915 
 
 Apr. 28,1915 
 
 Deo. 28,1915 
 
 Mar. 22,1915 
 
 Feb. 28,1916 
 
 Oct. 26,1915 
 
 Mar. 2,1915 
 
 Mar. 3,1915 
 
 Aug. 18,1915 
 
 Nov. 11,1915 
 
 Oct. 21,1915 
 
 Mar. 10,1915 
 
 May 8,1915 
 
 Mar. 29,1916 
 
 June 8,1915 
 
 Apr. 6,1915 
 
 July 21,1915 
 May 6,1915 
 Nov. 26,1915 
 Oct. 21,1915 
 Feb. 11,1916 
 
 SBMLNOLES. 
 
 25, 1915 
 22, 1914 
 22,1914 
 12,1914 
 20,1914 
 
 Hardy Feb. 
 
 Jimsey Oct. 
 
 Chosey June 
 
 Fekhoniye ' Nov. 
 
 Ada Hario,n6e Caesar Nov. 
 
 Tommy do 
 
 A-ha^la-ko-chee Jan. 20, 1915 
 
 Sissy Palmer (now West 1 — Jan. 5,1915 
 
 Elsie Jan. 13,1914 
 
 PinHarjo July 29,1914 
 
 Wilsey Palmer Mar. 12, 1915 
 
 Koley Concharty , Mar. 9, 1915 
 
 ' Report, Jan. 7, 1916. 
 ^ Unconditional. 
 
 May 
 Dec. 
 Dec. 
 Jan. 
 Jan. 
 Mar. 
 Mar. 
 Mar. 
 Mar. 
 Apr. 
 June 
 June 
 
 13, 1915 
 
 30. 1914 
 31,1914 
 
 12. 1915 
 21, 1915 
 10, 1915 
 19, 1915 
 23, 1915 
 27, 1915 
 17, 1915 
 16, 1915 
 23, 1915 
 
 May 
 
 17, 1915 
 
 Jan. 
 
 4,1915 
 
 do.; 1 
 
 Jan. 
 
 18,1915 
 
 Jan. 
 
 28, 1915 
 
 Mar. 
 
 16, 1915 
 
 'Mar. 
 
 27,1915 
 
 Mar. 
 
 29,1915 
 
 Apr. 
 
 3,1916 
 
 Apr. 
 
 22, 1915 
 
 June 
 
 21,1915 
 
 June 
 
 26, 1915 
 
 May 
 
 19, 1915 
 
 Jan. 
 
 8,1915 
 
 Jan. 
 
 14,1915 
 
 Jan. 
 
 27,1915 
 
 Feb. 
 
 1,1915 
 
 Mar. 
 
 19,1915 
 
 June 
 
 4,1915 
 
 Apr. 
 
 2,1915 
 
 Apr. 
 
 9,1915 
 
 Apr. 
 
 22,1915 
 
 June 
 
 29,1915 
 
 ....do 1 
 
 ' No record. 
 
 ' Report, Nov. 8, 1915. 
 
 » Report, May 8, 1915. 
 
 '' Returned to superintendent for further report; not resubmitted. 
 
 - Reports, Apr. 30, 1915; May 18, 1915; June 1, 1915. 
 
 May 20,1915 
 Jan. 9,1915 
 Jan. 16,1915 
 Jan. 28,1915 
 Feb. 2,1915 
 Mar. 20,1915 
 June 5,1916 
 Apr. 3,1915 
 Apr. 9,1915 
 Apr. 24,1915 
 June 30,1915 
 Do. 
 
FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OF INDIANS. 
 
 91 
 
 Removal of restriction cases received in the Indian Office since Jan. 1, 19^5— Continued. 
 
 S EMIN OL ES— Continued . 
 
 Name of allottee. 
 
 Application. 
 
 Forwarded 
 by superin- 
 tendent. 
 
 Received. 
 
 Approved or 
 disapproved. 
 
 Returned to 
 superintend- 
 ent. 
 
 Mouney. 
 
 Abey Harjo 
 
 Jimmy Factor 
 
 Ut-tley ' 
 
 Sunday Bavis 
 
 Lizzie Walker 
 
 Louis Catcher 
 
 Chas.' Lena, guardian of 
 
 Sampson 
 
 Ella Factor 
 
 Martha Harjo 
 
 Lownie Johnson 
 
 Isaac Jones 
 
 Joshua 
 
 Mar. 9,l6l5 
 
 Feb. 10,1915 
 
 Mar. 6,1915 
 
 Feb. 13,1914 
 
 Mar. 30,1915 
 
 Mar. 9, 1915 
 
 Apr. 5, 1915 
 
 Sept. 2", 1915 
 Sept. 3,1915 
 Dec. 13,1915 
 Nov. 11,1915 
 Aug. 31,1914 
 Nov. 7, 1914 
 
 June 24,1915 
 
 July 13,1915 
 
 July 23,1915 
 
 Aug. 7,1915 
 Sept. 29, 1915 
 
 Dec. 11,1915 
 
 Dec, 27,1915 
 
 Feb. 16,1916 
 
 Feb. 17,1916 
 
 Mar. 9,1916 
 
 Mar. 10,1916 
 
 Feb. 25,1915 
 
 Feb. 21,1916 
 
 June 28,1915 
 July 16,1915 
 July 26,1915 
 Aug. 10,1915 
 Oct. 4, 1915 
 Dec. 16,1915 
 Dec. 30,1916 
 
 Feb. 18,1916 
 Feb. 21,1916 
 Mar. 13,1916 
 
 do 
 
 Mar. 5, 1915 
 Feb. 24,1916 
 
 July 1, 1915 
 
 July 22,1915 
 
 July 30,1916 
 
 Aug. 13,1915 
 
 Oct. 6, 1915 
 
 Dec. 20,1915 
 
 Jan. 3, 1916 
 
 Feb. 21,1916 
 Feb. 24,1916 
 Mar. 16,1916 
 
 do 
 
 Mar. 8, 1915 
 Mar. 13,1918 
 
 July 2,1915 
 
 July 23,1915 
 
 July 31,1915 
 
 Aug. 14,1915- 
 
 Oct. 7,1915 
 
 Dec. 21,1915 
 
 Jan. 4,1916- 
 
 Feb. 23,1916 
 Feb. 28,1916 
 Mar. 17,191ft 
 
 Do. 
 Mar. 10,1915 
 Mar. 14,191» 
 
 CHICKASAWS. 
 
 Thos. J. Miller 
 
 Mina Ayalratubby 
 
 Do 
 
 Lee Greenwood 
 
 Molliean Immotichey 
 
 MalindaWolf 
 
 John Thomas 
 
 Robinson Wolf 
 
 Malvina Stick, n^e lUete- 
 
 wahke i 
 
 Jesse Bond 
 
 Dawes Tandy Columbus 
 
 Martin Brown j 
 
 Nannie Parnacher I 
 
 Ida Capes, n4e Anoatubliy. ..[ 
 
 Lem Greenwood I 
 
 Sallie Turner, noe Duckworth 
 
 Eli Perry ' 
 
 Cornelius Alexander 
 
 Silsey Jolmson, nee Stick 
 
 Fannie Curlee 
 
 Mollie Owens, r^e Under- j 
 
 Wood. 
 
 Siney Thomps n 1 
 
 Sinie Bean ! 
 
 Emma Willis 
 
 J. Hamp Willis 
 
 Mary Russell, n^e John 
 
 Acey Johiis3n 
 
 Elihu Bennett Mavtubby. . . 
 
 Eddie Stick 
 
 Lizzie Wade 
 
 Wesley Lomer 
 
 Joe M. I^ove 
 
 Eastman Klllerease 
 
 Elsie Weaver, nfe Byfield . . 
 
 Albert Sidney Biu'ney 
 
 Bettie L. Jonnsin 
 
 Earnest Howard Williams.. 
 
 Dixon Ayakatubby 
 
 Willie B. MoLane 
 
 Amanda Albers ?n, n6e John 
 Minnie E. Good {now A tkins) 
 
 Noah Harris 
 
 Minnie McCm:tain 
 
 Phillip Nelson 
 
 Lottie Jeff, nfe Si ick 
 
 Andrew L. Brown. 
 
 Heck Thomas 
 
 Do 
 
 Walton Harris 
 
 Johnson Pofter 
 
 Mary AUisDn.nfeCliastain. . . 
 
 Wilson Roberts 
 
 Amy Perry 
 
 Nov. 
 Juh- 
 Nov. 
 Aug. 
 Dec 
 Oct. 
 Dec. 
 
 18. 1914 
 
 28. 1915 
 
 5. 1913 
 15, 1914 
 
 2,1914 
 
 6. 1914 
 4, 1914 
 
 Dec. 
 Oct. 
 Deo. 
 Jan. 
 Jan. 
 Feb. 
 Jan. 
 Jan. 
 
 30. 1914 
 
 19. 1915 
 
 31. 1914 
 
 15. 1915 
 20,1915 
 20, 1915 
 22, 1915 
 29, 1915 
 
 Jan. 
 Oct. 
 
 Jan. 
 Jan. 
 Jan. 
 Mar. 
 Jan. 
 iFeb. 
 
 Dec. 
 Nov. 
 Jan. 
 Dec. 
 Nov, 
 
 16, 1914 
 4,1914 
 12,1915 
 12, 1914 , 
 4,1914 • 
 
 Nov, 
 Nov, 
 Oct, 
 Jan, 
 Jan. 
 Oct, 
 Jan 
 
 Feb, 
 Mar, 
 
 18, 1914 
 1.5, 1914 
 
 13. 1914 
 
 18. 1915 
 20, 1915 
 
 28. 1914 
 
 20. 1915 
 
 2,1,1915 
 2, 1915 
 
 Jan, 27, 1915 
 Jan, 29,191S 
 Feb, 5, 1915 
 Feb, 9,1915 
 Feb, 12,1915 
 
 do 
 
 Feb, 13,1915 
 
 do 
 
 Feb, 26,1915 
 1, 1915 
 3, 1915 
 16, 1915 
 17, 1915 
 
 Mar. 
 Mar. 
 Mar. 
 Mar, 
 
 Oct, 5,1914 
 
 May 
 
 Dec, 
 
 May 
 
 Jan, 
 
 Mar, 
 
 Nov, 
 
 Nov, 
 
 Pept. 
 
 Aug. 
 
 17, 1915 
 
 16, 1914 
 
 l,i, 1915 
 
 3, 1915 
 
 1,1915 
 
 12. 1913 
 
 26. 1914 
 
 12. 1915 
 24.1915 
 
 Julv 
 Sept. 
 July 
 Jan. 
 Jan. 
 Jan. 
 
 14, 1915 
 25, 1915 
 19, 1915 
 18,1916 
 9, 1915 
 17, 1910 
 
 1 Report, Feb. 23, 
 » Unconditional. 
 ' Not approved. 
 
 May 
 Mar. 
 Sept. 
 Oct. 
 Oct. 
 July 
 Oct. 
 Dec. 
 Jan. 
 
 1915. 
 
 10, 1915 
 3,1914 
 16, 1915 
 
 28. 1914 
 
 18. 1915 
 19, 1915 
 22, 1915 
 22, 1915 
 13, 1915 
 
 Mar, 29.1915 
 Apr, 12,1915 
 Mav 3, 1915 
 
 ... '.do 
 
 Mar fi, 1915 
 Mav 12,1915 
 May 21,1915 
 May 22.1915 
 June 21.1915 
 ,Iulv 24,1915 
 Aug, 6, 1915 
 Aug. o, 1915 
 Aug, 18,1915 
 Sept, 16.1915 
 Sept. 24, 1915 
 
 do 
 
 Sept. 29, 1915 
 Mar. 7, 1916 
 Mar. 8,1916 
 Mar. 9, 1916 
 Mar. 13.1916 
 
 do 
 
 May 20,1915 
 Oct. 2, 1915 
 Jan. 21,1915 
 Oct. 16,1915 
 Dec. 19,1914 
 
 4, 1915 
 22, 1915 
 
 4, 1915 
 23, 1915 
 25, 1915 
 
 4, 1915 
 28, 1915 
 
 1, 1915 
 
 Mar. 11,1916 
 
 Dec. 6,1915 
 
 Mar. 7, 1916 
 
 Feb, 9, 1915 
 
 Feb. 
 Feb. 
 Feb. 
 Feb. 
 Feb, 
 
 2, 1915 
 4, 1915 
 15, 1915 
 16, 1915 
 18, 1915 
 
 ....do 
 
 ....do 
 
 Feb. 20.1915 
 Mar. 5, 1915 
 
 ....do 
 
 Mar. 9, 1915 
 Mar. 24,1915 
 ....do 
 
 Jan. 
 Oct. 
 Jan. 
 Feb. 
 Feb. 
 Mar. 
 Feb. 
 Mar. 
 
 Feb. 
 2 Feb. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 Mar. 
 'Feb. 
 ! Mar. 
 
 Mar. 
 Mar. 
 Mar. 
 
 Apr. 3, 1915 
 Apr. 20,1915 
 M:ay 8, 1915 
 
 do 
 
 May 15,1915 
 Mav 20,1915 
 Julie 25,1915 
 May 27,1915 
 June 23,1915 
 Juiv 29,1915 
 Aug. 9.1915 
 
 do 
 
 Auc 21,1915 
 Sept. 20, 1915 
 Sept. 27, 1915 
 Sept. 28, 1915 
 Oct. 1,1915 
 Mar. 10,1916 
 11,1916 
 13, 1916 
 16, 1916 
 17, 1916 
 
 Apr. 7, 
 Apr. 21, 
 "May 11, 
 'do.' 
 
 Mar, 
 Mar, 
 Mar, 
 Mar, 
 
 May 24,1915 
 
 Oct, 
 Jan, 
 Oct, 
 Dec, 
 Deo. 
 
 1915 
 28, 1915 
 18, 1915 
 
 24. 1914 
 
 30. 1915 
 Mar. 14,1916 
 Dec. 6, 1915 
 Mar. 10,1916 
 Feb. 16,1915 
 
 .do. 
 
 7, 1915 
 25, 1915 
 7,1915 
 1,1915 
 3,1915 
 9, 1915 
 3, 1915 
 2, 1915 
 
 10, 1915 
 10, 1915 
 18,1915 
 23,1915 
 24, 1915 
 16, 1915 
 24, 1915 
 2,1915 
 W 
 
 11,1915 
 12, 1915 
 30, 1915 
 
 1915 
 1915 
 1915 
 
 Mav 19, 
 Mav 25, 
 2 July 16, 
 May 29, 
 June 29, 
 Aug. 2, 
 Aug. 14, 
 Aug. 12, 
 Aug. 24, 
 ' Sept. 22, 
 2 Sept. 28, 
 Sept. 30, 
 Oct. 5, 
 Mar. 13, 
 Mar. 15, 
 Mar. 16, 
 Mar, 20, 
 ....do.. 
 Jime 11, 
 
 Jan. 
 Oct. 
 Jan. 
 Feb. 
 Feb. 
 Mar. 
 Feb. 
 Mar. 
 
 7, 1915 
 26, 1915 
 8,1915 
 2,1915 
 4, 1915 
 10, 1915 
 4, 1915 
 3, 1915 
 
 Oct, 
 
 Feb, 3, 
 
 2 Oct, 23, 
 
 2 Jan, 2, 
 
 Jan, 3, 
 
 Mar. 18. 
 
 2 Dec. 9, 
 
 Mar. 13, 
 
 Feb. 24, 
 
 1915 
 
 1915 
 
 1915 I 
 
 1915 
 
 1915 
 
 1915 1 
 
 1915 
 
 1915 
 
 1915 [ 
 
 1915 1 
 
 1915 1 
 
 1915 
 
 1915 
 
 1916 
 
 1916 
 
 1916 
 
 1916 
 
 mh' 
 
 1915 
 1916 
 1915 
 1915 
 1916 
 1916 
 1915 
 1916 
 1915 
 
 Fob. 11,1915 
 
 Do. 
 Feb. 19,1915 
 Feb. 25,1915 
 
 Do. 
 Mar. 18,1915 
 Feb. 25,1915 
 Mar. 3, 1915 
 
 Mar. 12,1915 
 
 Do. 
 Mar. 31,1915 
 
 Do. 
 
 Apr. 8,1915 
 Apr. 24,1915 
 May 12,1915 
 
 Do. 
 May 20,1915 
 May 26,1915 
 .Tuly 17.1915 
 June 1. 1915 
 June .■)0. 1915 
 Aug, 2,1915 
 Aug, 16,1915 
 Aug, 12,1915 
 Aug, 25,1915 
 Sept. 23, 1915 
 Sept. 28, 1915 
 Oct. 1,1915 
 B, 1915 
 14, 1916 
 16, 1916 
 17, 1916 
 21, 1916 
 Do. 
 June 11,1915 
 Oct. 9, 1915 
 
 4. 1915 
 
 25. 1915 
 R, 191S 
 
 4. 1916 
 
 20. 1916 
 
 10. 1915 
 
 14. 1916 
 
 Oct. 
 Mar, 
 Mar, 
 Mar, 
 Mar. 
 
 Feb, 
 Oct, 
 Jan, 
 Jan, 
 Mar, 
 Dec. 
 Mar. 
 Feb. 25,1915 
 
 ' Mismissed by superintendent Deo. 14, 1915. 
 
 !> Report. 
 
92 
 
 FIVE CIVILIZED TEIBES OF INDIANS. 
 
 Jiemoval of restriction cases received in the Indian Office since Jan. 1, 1915 — Continued. 
 
 CHICKASAWS— Continued. 
 
 Name of allottee. 
 
 J. M. Perry 
 
 Joe H. Burns 
 
 Davidson Alexander 
 
 William Fillmore 
 
 Emily A. Moit 
 
 Susan Lawrence, n^e Leader 
 
 Kitty Jaclcson,n6e Purtle 
 
 Sylva Lee, n6e James 
 
 Abel Brown 
 
 Nelson Hawkins 
 
 Isaac Burris 
 
 Maud Tmner, n6e Duck- 
 worth. 
 
 Ludie Napoleon Goins 
 
 Mary Ayakatubby 
 
 Ma Fillmore, n^e Ayakatub- 
 by. 
 
 Sophia Apala 
 
 Lou Duckworth 
 
 Nellie Fillmore (now Robin- 
 son). 
 
 James E. Bolen 
 
 Minnie Akers, nee Colbert. . . 
 
 ■\V. J. Bray, guardian Frankie 
 I^emn . ! 
 
 Lena linmotichey, nee Un- 
 derwood 
 
 Jpwell Jones, nee Worsham. . 
 
 Colbert Miller 
 
 Jame.s J . Gravson 
 
 Maulsey Williamson, nee 
 Keener 
 
 Jas. Cotton McCurtain 
 
 Felix Wisdom 
 
 Morris H . Hawkins 
 
 Do 
 
 Johnson Leader 
 
 James Nolatubbee 
 
 Fletcher Frazier 
 
 Mason Brown 
 
 Elonzo Tyson 
 
 Mack Burris 
 
 Caroline Sealy, nee Leader. . . 
 
 Moses James 
 
 Je.sse Tmmotichey 
 
 Bennett Lavers.*. 
 
 Jacob James , . -. 
 
 Nannie Brown, inc. by J. C. 
 Ladd, guardian ." 
 
 Carrie Bowman, nee Brown . 
 
 Lynch -\rpealer 
 
 J.' F. Jackson, guardian of 
 Laura D.Colbert 
 
 Ahner Atkius, guardian of 
 Mulford Jackson 
 
 Holmes Immotichey 
 
 James E. Bolen 
 
 Sylvia Gipson, nee Williams. 
 
 Ca Lherine Frazier, nee Green- 
 wood 
 
 Emma Walker, minor, Jno. 
 C. Chapman, guardian 
 
 Lucy Brown 
 
 Daniel Hays.. 
 
 Application. 
 
 Dec. 23, 
 
 Oct. 21, 
 
 Sept. 13, 
 
 May 11, 
 
 July 7, 
 
 Jan. 25, 
 
 Oct. 28, 
 
 July 14, 
 
 Feb. 24, 
 
 Apr. 28, 
 
 July 10, 
 
 Apr. 29, 
 
 Apr. 17, 
 Sept. 27, 
 .July 26, 
 
 July 19, 
 Jan. 28, 
 Sept. 6, 
 
 Aug. 18, 
 Aug. 4, 
 
 1914 
 191S 
 1915 
 1915 
 1916 
 1915 
 1914 
 1915 
 1915 
 1915 
 1915 
 1915 
 
 1915 
 1915 
 1915 
 
 1915 
 1915 
 1915 
 
 1915 
 1915 
 
 July 16,1915 
 
 Aug. 30, 
 
 Aug. 27, 
 
 Jan. 26, 
 
 Aug. 2, 
 
 Dec. 6, 
 Dec. 4, 
 Aug. ?, 
 Felj. 3, 
 Oct. 17, 
 Oct. 30, 
 Nov. 20, 
 Dec. 27, 
 Oct. 5, 
 July 10, 
 July 27, 
 Jan. 1 2, 
 May 19, 
 Sept. 16, 
 May 10, 
 May 15, 
 
 ■ Scpl. 20, 
 I Mar- 14, 
 j Jan. 30, 
 
 1915 
 1915 
 1916 
 1915 
 
 1915 
 1915 
 1915 
 1915 
 1913 
 1915 
 1915 
 1915 
 1915 
 1914 
 1914 
 1915 
 1915 
 1914 
 1915 
 1914 
 
 1911 
 1914 
 1915 
 
 Oct. 15, 
 Sept. 9. 
 
 do.. 
 
 do.. 
 
 1915 
 1914 
 
 .do. 
 
 Dec. 2, 
 Oct. 5, 
 rMav 20, 
 
 1914 
 1915 
 1909 
 
 Fonfarded 
 
 by.suEer-tq- 
 
 tendent: 
 
 Mar. 11 
 Nov. 20, 
 Mar. 
 Dec. 17, 
 Feb. 4, 
 Feb. 10, 
 Sept. 29, 
 Oct. 2, 
 Oct. 15, 
 ...do.. 
 Oct. 27 
 Nov. 5 
 
 Nov. 16, 
 Nov. 20, 
 ....do 
 
 Nov. 27 
 Nov. 30, 
 Dec. 2, 
 
 Dec. 
 Dec. 
 
 Dec. 23, 
 
 Feb. 2, 
 
 Feb. 10, 
 
 Feb. 17, 
 
 Feb. 24, 
 
 Feb. 
 Mzr. 
 Mar. 
 Mar. 
 Dec. 
 Mar. 
 Jan. 
 Jan. 
 Jan. 
 Dec. 
 Nov. 
 July 
 July 
 Jan. 
 Jan. 
 Feb. 
 
 Jan. 18, 
 Dec. 13, 
 Mar. 22; 
 
 1916 
 1915 
 1916 
 1915 
 1916 
 1915 
 1915 
 1915 
 1915 
 
 1915 
 1915 
 
 1915 
 1915 
 
 1915 
 1916 
 1915 
 
 1915 
 1915 
 
 1915 
 
 1916 
 1916 
 1916 
 1916 
 
 1916, 
 1916 
 1915 
 1915 
 1914 
 1916 
 1916 
 1916 
 1916 
 1914 
 1916 
 1915 
 1916 
 1915 
 1916 
 1915 
 
 1916 
 1915 
 1915 
 
 Feb. 13,1916 
 
 .do. 
 .do. 
 .do. 
 .do. 
 
 .do. 
 
 Oct. 9, 1915 
 Oct. 21,1915 
 Mar. 2,1915 
 s June 12, 1916 
 Feb. 28,1916 
 
 Received. 
 
 Approved or 
 disapproved. 
 
 Mar. 16,1916 
 Nov. 23,1916 
 Mar. 13,1916 
 Dee. 20,1915 
 8, 1916 
 16, 1916 
 4, 1916 
 5, 1915 
 18,1916 
 
 do 
 
 Oct. 30,191-6 
 Nov. 9, 1915 
 
 Nov. 19,1915 
 Nov. 23,1915 
 ....do 
 
 Feb. 
 Feb. 
 Oct. 
 Oct. 
 Oct. 
 
 1 Mar. 
 
 Nov. 
 
 Mar. 
 
 Dec. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 Nov. 
 1 Nov. 
 
 Nov. 30, 1915 
 Dec. 3, 1915 
 Dec. 4, 1915 
 
 ....do 
 
 Dec. 17,1916 
 
 Dec. 27,1915 
 
 Feb. 5, 1916 
 
 Feb. 14,1916 
 
 Feb. 21,1916 
 
 Mar. 1, 1916 
 
 Mar. 
 Mar. 
 Mar. 
 Apr. 
 Dec. 
 Mar. 
 Feb. 
 Feb. 
 Jan. 
 Jan. 
 Nov. 
 July 
 July 
 Jan. 
 .Tan. 
 Feb. 
 
 Jan. 
 Dec. 
 Mar. 
 
 3,1916 
 4,1916 
 10, 1916 
 
 3. 1915 
 
 21. 1914 
 
 5. 1916 
 4, 1916 
 1, 1916 
 
 10, 1916 
 5, 1915 
 23,1915 
 
 20. 1915 
 29, 1915 
 25, 1915 
 31,1916 
 
 16. 1915 
 
 21. 1916 
 17,1915 
 27, 1915 
 
 19, 1915 
 29, 1915 
 18,1916 
 
 22. 1915 
 
 14. 1916 
 
 23. 1915 
 
 5. 1915 
 
 8. 1916 
 25,1915 
 
 23. 1916 
 3, 1915 
 
 15, 1915 
 
 Nov. 29,1915 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Dec. 3, 1916 
 1 Dec. 7, 1915 
 do 
 
 Dec. 
 Dec. 
 
 8,1915 
 20, 1915 
 
 .do. 
 
 1 Feb. 9, 1016 
 
 Feb. 17,1916 
 
 Feb. 24,1916 
 
 Mar. 4, 1916 
 
 Mar. 
 
 Mar. 
 
 Mar. 
 
 Apr. 
 
 Jan. 
 1 Mar. 
 
 Feb. 
 ....do 
 
 Jan. 
 1 Jan. 
 
 Nov. 
 
 July 
 'Aug. 
 
 Mar. 
 1 Feb. 
 
 Mar. 
 
 7, 1916 
 9, 1916 
 13, 1916 
 
 10. 1915 
 7, 1915 
 
 11,1916 
 8, 1016 
 
 13; 1916 
 14,1916 
 
 29. 1916 
 22, 1915 
 
 2, 1915 
 18, 1915 
 
 7,1910 
 16, 1915 
 
 Feb. 18,1915 
 
 .do. 
 .do. 
 .do. 
 .do. 
 
 .do. 
 
 Oct. 13,1915 
 Oct. 25,1915 
 Mar. 8,1915 
 Tune 17,1915 
 Mar. 3, 1916 
 
 Jan. 22,1915 
 Dec. 20,1915 
 Apr. 3, 1916 
 
 Mar. 
 
 6, 1915 
 
 .do 
 
 .do 
 
 .do 
 
 .do 
 
 .do 
 
 Oct. 18,1915 
 Oct. 29,1915 
 !Mar. 31,1915 
 
 5 Mar. 1.6,1916 
 
 Returned to 
 superintend- 
 ent. 
 
 Mar. 20,1915 
 Nov. 29,1915 
 Mar. 20,1910 
 Dec. 23,1915 
 Feb. 15,1916 
 Feb. 25,1915 
 6,1915 
 9,1915 
 26,1915 
 25,1915 
 3,1915 
 15,1915 
 
 Oct. 
 Oct. 
 Oct. 
 Oct. 
 Nov 
 Nov 
 
 Nov. 29,1915 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 
 Dec. 4, 1915 
 
 Dec. 8, 1915 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 Dec. 21,1915 
 
 Doc. 30,1915 
 
 Feb. 10,1916 
 
 Feb. 18,1916 
 
 Feb. 28,1916 
 
 Mar. 6,1916 
 
 Mar. 
 Mar. 
 Mar. 
 -■Vpr. 
 Jan. 
 Mar, 
 Feb, 
 
 8,1916 
 9,1916 
 14,1916 
 10,1915 
 7,1915 
 13,1916 
 9,1916 
 Do. 
 Jan. 13,1916 
 Jan. 16,1915 
 Nov. 29,1916 
 July 23,1915 
 Aug. 2,1915 
 Mar. 19,1915 
 Feb. 8,1916 
 Afar. 15,1915 
 
 Jan. 25,1915 
 Dec. 21,1915 
 Apr. 3,1915 
 
 Mar. 
 
 1,1915 
 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Oct. 
 Oct. 
 Apr. 
 
 19, 1915 
 29,1915 
 1,1915 
 
 Mar. 17,1916 
 
 CHOCTAWS. 
 
 Selena Jones, nee Phillips. . 
 
 G ilbert Nelson 
 
 Lnc^- Sampson 
 
 1 Uncondifional. 
 -' Not approved. 
 '■' Resubmitted. 
 
 Jan. 2, 1916 
 Jan. 1, 1916 
 do 
 
 Jan. 7, 1916 
 Jan. 8,1916 
 .Tan. 22,1915 
 
 < Report. 
 
 '- Approved. 
 
 6 Report Jan. 18, igi."' 
 
 Jan. 
 Jan. 
 Jan. 
 
 7,1915 
 8,1915 
 23,1915 
 
FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OF INDIANS. 93 
 
 Removal of restriction cases received in the Indian Office since Jan. 1, 1915 — Continued. 
 
 CHOCTAWS— Continued. 
 
 Name of allottee. 
 
 Anderson, Elliott 
 
 Edna Simmons, nee Jcflerson 
 
 Zona Logan, nee Free 
 
 Beteey Thompson 
 
 Levi Dwij^ht 
 
 Betty Morris, nee Billery 
 
 Dora Pope, nee JefTerson 
 
 Lem Taylor 
 
 Tobias Christy 
 
 Gibson Cobb .' 
 
 Lena Wesley, nee John 
 
 Xiay Carney 
 
 Nancy Ebu-hotnbbi 
 
 Gibson Anderson 
 
 Joel Dyer 
 
 Robinson McKinney 
 
 Henry Bjinston 
 
 Sampson Beams 
 
 Wilbum Dnna 
 
 Jacob Smith 
 
 Philip Thompson 
 
 Mary Garland, nee McOur- 
 tain 
 
 n&e 
 
 Matthew Henry 
 
 Molsey Pisachubbi, 
 
 Austin 
 
 Cistin McKinney 
 
 George Tlsho 
 
 Jemima Willis, n6e Cephas. . 
 Easter Lewis . . . 
 Marlin Billy.... 
 Emiline Heams 
 Frank Dameal . 
 
 Elsie Wallin,n^e Tom.... 
 
 Sophia Dash, n^e Cochnauer. 
 
 Stephen Tamey 
 
 Jessee McGee 
 
 Austin Moore 
 
 Johnson Bacon 
 
 Emma Mills, n6e Gardner 
 
 Davis Potts 
 
 Viola Tillman, nge Ervin. 
 Mary Hudson, n6e Anderson. 
 Lucy England, nSe Forest. 
 
 Malena Wilson 
 
 Lillie Adams, n^e Going. - . 
 Agnes, TmTier,n^e Graman 
 
 Lewis Page 
 
 Allen Brown 
 
 Susan Edward 
 
 Sophia Jones 
 
 Silman Thomas 
 
 Phelena Shoney 
 
 Esa Watson, n^e John 
 
 Theodore Benton 
 
 Jefferson Gardner 
 
 Edward Knight 
 
 John Gibson 
 
 Ella Gross, n& iiobin'son.. 
 
 Sim Folsom 
 
 Dora Cooper 
 
 Lillin Ishteka 
 
 Leister Heed 
 
 Selina Le Flore 
 
 Icy Christie, nie Taylor — 
 Mary Roberts, nfe Le Flore 
 
 Application. 
 
 Forwarded 
 by superin- 
 tendent. 
 
 Received. 
 
 Oct. 
 July 
 
 20, 1914 
 2S, 1914 
 
 .1 
 
 Deo. 
 Jan. 
 
 30, 1914 
 2, 1915 
 
 Sept. 
 
 Sept. 
 
 Nov. 
 
 Nov. 
 
 Nov. 
 
 Dec. 
 
 Nov. 
 
 Aug. 
 
 Sept. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 Aug. 
 
 Dec. 
 
 July 
 
 Sept. 
 
 Nov. 
 
 26, 1914 
 
 24. 1913 
 
 13. 1914 
 19, 1914 
 30, 1914 
 
 16. 1913 
 22,1913 
 
 12. 1914 
 20, 1914 
 
 10. 1913 
 
 17. 1914 
 10, 1914 
 
 26. 1913 
 
 14. 1914 
 6, 1914 
 
 .do. 
 
 July 31,1914 
 
 Dec. 
 
 Nov. 
 
 16, 1914 
 20, 1914 
 
 /Feb. 
 \May 
 
 July 
 
 July 
 
 July 
 
 Deo. 
 
 June 
 
 July 
 
 July 
 
 Deo. 
 /Nov. 
 \Jan. 
 
 Nov. 
 
 Sept. 
 
 Nov. 
 
 Apr. 
 
 Nov. 
 
 Nov. 
 
 June 
 
 Oct. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 M4y 
 
 Oct. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 Sept. 
 
 June 
 
 Dec. 
 
 July 
 
 Sept. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 Dec. 
 
 July 
 
 Dec. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 Nov. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 Deo. 
 
 Dec. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 Apr. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 Nov. 
 
 July 
 
 17, 1914 
 4, 1914 
 
 22, 1914 
 20, 1914 
 28, 1914 
 
 24. 1913 
 19,1914 
 
 3,1914 
 
 25. 1914 
 
 5. 1914 
 
 5. 1913 
 
 7. 1915 
 24, 1914 
 11, 1914 
 
 6. 1914 
 30, 1914 
 22, 1914 
 18,1914 
 17, 1914 
 30, 1914 
 
 2, 1914 
 18, 1914 
 
 7, 1914 
 11,1915 
 
 3,1914 
 29,1914 
 
 2,1914 
 21,1914 
 
 4. 1914 
 
 4. 1915 
 17, 1914 
 
 28. 1914 
 
 29. 1913 
 
 20. 1915 
 
 26. 1914 
 9,1915 
 
 8. 1914 
 26, 1914 
 16, 1914 
 
 5. 1915 
 24, 1914 
 29, 1914 
 10, 1914 
 
 1,1914 
 
 ' Unconditional. 
 
 2 Report Mar. 4, 1915; 
 
 3 Report Mar. 11, 1915. 
 < Not approved. 
 
 Jan. 
 'Jan, 
 Jan, 
 Jan, 
 Jan, 
 
 Dec. 31,1914 
 Jan. 6, 1915 
 Jan. 4,1915 
 
 .-..do 
 
 Jan. 9,1915 
 Jan. 5, 1915 
 Jan. 9, 1915 
 Dec. 30,1914 
 
 do 
 
 Jan. 15,1915 
 11, 1915 
 14, 1915 
 15, 1915 
 19, 1915 
 21, 1915 
 
 iJan. 27,1915 
 
 Jan. 25,1915 
 Jan. 9,1915 
 
 6 Jan. 
 I Jan. 
 
 7, 1915 
 3, 1915 
 
 Jan. 14,1915 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Jan. 18,1915 
 Jan. 16,1915 
 Jan. 15,1915 
 Jan. 16,1915 
 Jan. 18,1915 
 Jan. 20,1915 
 Mar. 18,1915 
 Jan. 23,1915 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Jan. 21,1915 
 
 do 
 
 Jan. 27,1915 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Jan. 26,1915 
 Jan. 29,1915 
 
 do 
 
 Feb. 2, 1915 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Feb. 1, 1915 
 Feb. 3, 1915 
 Feb. 2, 1915 
 Feb. 11,1915 
 Feb. 13,1915 
 Feb. 11,1915 
 Feb. 12,1915 
 Feb. 13,1915 
 Feb. 12,1915 
 Feb. 13,1915 
 Feb. 19,1915 
 Feb. 3, 1915 
 Feb. 8, 1915 
 
 do 
 
 Feb. 6,1915 
 Feb. 9, 1915 
 
 do 
 
 Jan. 5, 1915 
 
 ....do 
 
 Jan. 7, 191.5 
 
 do 
 
 Jan. 11,1915 
 Jan. 12,1915 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Jan. 14,1915 
 Jan. 4.1915 
 
 do.; 
 
 Jan. is; 1915 
 
 do 
 
 Jan. 22, 1915 
 
 do 
 
 Jan. 25,1915 
 Jan. 28,1915 
 
 Feb. 2, 1915 
 
 do 
 
 Jan. 14,1915 
 
 do.' 
 
 Jan. 14,1915 
 
 Jan, 18,1915 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Jan. 22,1915 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Jan. 23,1915 
 Jan. 22,1915 
 Mar. 24,1915 
 Jan. 28,1915 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Feb. 2, 1915 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 8 Feb. 4,1915 
 do 
 
 Feb. 8,1915 
 
 do 
 
 Feb. 18,1915 
 Feb. 8,1915 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Feb. 15,1915 
 Feb. 18,1915 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do , 
 
 do 
 
 Feb. 20,1915 
 Feb. 24,1915 
 Feb. 8, 1915 
 Feb. 15,1915 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Feb. 16,1915 
 
 do 
 
 Approved or 
 disapproved. 
 
 Jan. 7, 1915 
 Jan. 8, 1915 
 'Jan. 15,1915 
 Jan. 14,1915 
 Jan. 20,1915 
 
 ....do 
 
 Feb. 23,1915 
 Jan. 15,1915 
 Jan. 20,1915 
 
 ....do 
 
 Jan. 7, 1915 
 
 ....do 
 
 Jan. 22, 1915 
 Jan. 23,1915 
 Mar. 20,1915 
 Jan. 27,1915 
 Jan. 30,1915 
 Feb. 3, 1915 
 (<Mar. 2, 19151 
 [s Apr. 29, 1915/ 
 Feb. 10,1915 
 Jan. 20,1915 
 
 Jan. 18,1915 
 
 Jan. 23,1915 
 Jan. 25,1915 
 Jan. 22,1915 
 Jan. 27,1915 
 
 iFeb. 20,1915 
 Jan. 27,1915 
 Feb. 3, 1915 
 
 do 1 
 
 Feb. 23,1915 
 Apr. 3, 1915 
 Feb. 1,1915 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Feb. 3, 1915 
 
 'Feb. 9,1915 
 
 do 
 
 do.i , 
 
 Feb. 10,1915 
 
 ■Apr. 3,1915 
 Feb. 20,1915 
 Feb. 23,1915 
 Feb. 18,1915 
 
 do 
 
 Feb. 23,1915 
 
 do , 
 
 Feb. 15,1916 
 Feb. 13,1915 
 Feb. 23,1915 
 Feb. 24,1915 
 Mar. 16,1915 
 Feb. 24,1915 
 Mar. 3, 1915 
 Feb. 24,1915 
 Mar. 2, 1915 
 
 do 
 
 Feb. 15,1915 
 Feb. 23,1915 
 Feb. 20,1915 
 Feb. 18,1915 
 Feb. 23,1915 
 
 do 
 
 Returned to 
 superintend- 
 ent. 
 
 Jan. X, 1915 
 Jan. 11,1915 
 Jan. 15,1915 
 Jan. II), 1915 
 Jan. 21,1915 
 
 Do. 
 Feb. 25,1915 
 Jan. 16,1915 
 Jan. 21,1915 
 
 Do. 
 Jan. 8, 1915 
 
 Do. 
 Jan. 23, 1915 
 Jan. 25, 1915 
 Mar. 22,1915 
 Jan. 28,1915 
 Jan. 30,1915 
 Feb. 4, 1915 
 
 Apr. 30,1915 
 
 Feb. 12,1915 
 Jan. 21,1915 
 
 Jan. 19,1915 
 
 Jan. 
 Jan. 
 Jan. 
 Jan. 
 Feb, 
 Jan. 
 Feb. 
 
 25, 1915 
 26,1916 
 23, 1915 
 28, 1915 
 23, 1915 
 28,1915 
 4, 1915 
 Do. 
 Feb. 25,1915 
 Apr. 3,1915 
 Feb. 1,1916 
 Feb. 2,1915 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 Feb. 4,1915 
 Feb. 10,1915 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 Feb. 11,1915 
 Apr. 3, 1915 
 Feb. 23,1915 
 Feb. 25,1915 
 Feb. 19,1915 
 
 Do. 
 Feb. 25,1915 
 
 Do. 
 Feb. 16,1915 
 Feb. 15,1916 
 Feb. 25,1915 
 
 Do. 
 Mar. 17,1915 
 25, 1915 
 4, 1915 
 24, 1915 
 2,1915 
 Do. 
 Feb. 15,1915 
 Feb. 25,1915 
 Feb. 23,1915 
 Feb. 19,1915 
 Feb. 25,1015 
 Do. 
 
 Feb, 
 Mar. 
 Feb. 
 Mar, 
 
 Mar. 9, 1915. 
 
 = Approved. 
 
 I- eport Feb. 16,1915; Feb. 23, 1915. 
 
 ' Denied by superintendent. 
 
 8 Report Mar. 26, 1916; Mar. 30, 1915. 
 
94 
 
 FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OF INDIANS. 
 
 Removal of restriction cases received in the Indian Office since Jan. 1, 1915 — Continued. 
 
 CH OCT A W S— Continued . 
 
 Name of allottee. 
 
 Leonidas King 
 
 Martha Tubbee 
 
 Nancy Nelson, n^e Majftoki. . 
 
 I>ogan Harlan 
 
 John A. Garland 
 
 Lizzie Wesley 
 
 Jesse Hattensty 
 
 Nicey Jefferson, n6e Allen . . . 
 
 Sallie Battice 
 
 Annie Graham, n^e Bohanaai. 
 
 Sissie Push, n^e McGee 
 
 George Isaac 
 
 Helena Fobb, n^e Thomas . . . 
 
 CaUis Peter 
 
 Eleat Myer 
 
 Sillin Harris 
 
 ElDe M. Garrison 
 
 Sealy Jefferson 
 
 Betsy James 
 
 Lucy Jones, n^ Baker 
 
 Simon Atohko 
 
 Loring Hamer 
 
 Losan Hitcher, n& Washing- 
 ton. 
 
 Bud Billey 
 
 Samuel R. Oliver, guardian 
 of Lucy Henderson. 
 
 Elsie Loman, n6e Nelson 
 
 I.izzie Meashintubby 
 
 Isaac Nelson 
 
 Noble Lewis 
 
 Jacl^son McKinney 
 
 Dickson Solomon." 
 
 George Jones 
 
 Forbis Folsom 
 
 Amanda J. Hudson 
 
 Wesley Baker, as guardian 
 of Simpson and Grace. 
 
 Marvin Ned 
 
 Wesley Bro'wn 
 
 Emerson Wesley 
 
 Edmund Jackson 
 
 .■Vlice Hudson, n^e McCoy . . . 
 
 Alfred Noah ' 
 
 Annie Moore 
 
 George Robinson 
 
 Isom Dansby 
 
 Louie M. Leflore 
 
 Byington Bond 
 
 Caldwell Coley 
 
 Margaret Bohanan 
 
 Sibbel Grammer,nfe Collin.. 
 
 Wilsey Clay 
 
 Emmett Anderson 
 
 Soi)hia Noah 
 
 Josiah James 
 
 , Mary Homer, n6e Battiest. . . 
 
 Mullein McCoy 
 
 Edna John 
 
 Harriet Pace 
 
 Wilson Farmer 
 
 Agnes Samuel 
 
 Allington Hall 
 
 Eastman McNoel 
 
 William C. Simpson 
 
 Eastman Jacob 
 
 Vicey James, nee Fobb 
 
 Sophronia E. Thompson, nee 
 Nail. 
 
 Sissy Tonihka, nee Wade 
 
 James Billy 
 
 J. Harvey Randall, guardian, 
 Solomon Folsom, 
 
 David Frazier 
 
 Application. 
 
 Oct. 23,1913 
 Sept. 26,1914 
 
 fjan. 
 \May 
 
 Dec. 
 
 July 
 
 Nov. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 Sept. 
 
 Nov. 
 
 Aug. 
 
 Apr. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 June 
 
 Jan. 
 
 Nov. 
 
 Dec. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 Nov. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 29, 1915 
 28, 1915 
 4, 1914 
 
 10. 1914 
 21,1914 
 
 25. 1915 
 18, 1915 
 22, 1914 
 25, 1914 
 16, 1914 
 
 1. 1914 
 21, 1914 
 
 1,1915 
 19, 1914 
 
 9. 1915 
 13, 1914 
 11, 1914 
 
 9,1914 
 
 24. 1914 
 
 26. 1915 
 5, 1915 
 
 Oc1 . 9, 1914 
 Aug. 17,1914 
 
 Ocl. 
 Dec. 
 June 
 Nov. 
 Feb. 
 Nov. 
 Dec. 
 Aug. 
 Jan. 
 Mar. 
 
 Sept. 
 
 Julv 
 
 Dec. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 Dec. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 Julv 
 
 Dec. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 Dec. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 July 
 
 Jan. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 June 
 
 Ocl. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 Mar 
 
 Feb. 
 
 Sept. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 Nov. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 14. 1914 
 12,1914 
 
 9, 1914 
 
 1. 1913 
 
 10. 1915 
 
 7. 1914 
 
 15. 1914 
 
 16. 1913 
 
 25. 1915 
 20, 1915 
 
 2-i, 1914 
 2, 1914 
 
 31. 1914 
 
 31. 1914 
 9, 1914 
 
 25. 1915 
 3,1914 
 4, 1914 
 3,1915 
 8,1815 
 8, 1914 
 3,1916 
 
 23, 1915 
 16, 1915 
 19, 1915 
 31, 1915 
 25, 1915 
 30, 1914 
 8,1915 
 
 12. 1914 
 
 5. 1914 
 
 2. 1915 
 11,1915 
 
 8,1914 
 
 12. 1915 
 21,1915 
 
 18. 1913 
 20, 1915 
 
 25. 1914 
 
 20. 1915 
 
 June 13,1913 
 Sept. 6,1913 
 Apr. 6, 1915 
 
 Nov. 12,1914 
 
 ' Suit to remove cloud. 
 2 Not approved. 
 
 Forwarded 
 by superin- 
 tendent. 
 
 Feb. 11, 
 Feb. 12: 
 ....do.. 
 Feb. 16 
 Oct. 28, 
 Feb. 13, 
 Feb. 18' 
 Feb. 20 
 Feb. 26: 
 Mar. 1: 
 Mar. 6, 
 Mar. 10 
 Mar. 12: 
 ....do 
 Mar. 16 
 Feb. 2J 
 
 do.: 
 
 Feb. 26 
 
 do.: 
 
 Feb. 27 
 
 do.: 
 
 Feb. 26, 
 Mar. 2, 
 Mar. 1 
 
 Feb. 
 
 Mar. 
 
 27 
 
 Mar. 1 
 Feb. 27: 
 Mar. 10: 
 
 do.: 
 
 Mar. 8 
 
 do. 
 
 Mar. 11 
 Mar. 12: 
 
 do 
 
 Sept. 23 
 
 Mar. 16 
 
 do 
 
 Mar. IS 
 Mar. 16; 
 Mar. 20, 
 Mar. 16, 
 
 do 
 
 Mar. 2.1, 
 Mar. 22: 
 do 
 
 Mar. IP, 
 Mar. 22: 
 
 do 
 
 .do 
 
 Sent, 
 Feb. 23: 
 Mar. 26: 
 Mar. 27: 
 Mar. 26: 
 Mar. 27: 
 Mar. 30 
 .do. 
 
 Apr, 
 
 do. 
 
 Apr. 13, 
 May 17; 
 Apr. 17, 
 
 do.. 
 
 Apr. 2 
 
 Apr. 9 
 Apr. 13 
 Apr. 17, 
 
 1915 
 1915 
 
 1915 
 1916 
 1915 
 1915 
 1915 
 1915 
 1916 
 1916 
 1915 
 1915 
 
 1916 
 1916 
 
 1915 
 
 1915 
 1916 
 1916 
 
 1915 
 1915 
 
 1915 
 1915 
 1915 
 
 1915 
 
 1915 
 1916 
 
 1915 
 1915 
 
 1916 
 1915 
 1916 
 1915 
 
 1915 
 1915 
 
 1916 
 1915 
 
 1916 
 1916 
 1915 
 1916 
 1916 
 1915 
 1915 
 
 1915 
 
 ins 
 
 1915 
 1915 
 
 1915 
 
 1915 
 1915 
 1915 
 
 Received. 
 
 Feb. 16,1915 
 Feb. 18,1915 
 
 ....do 
 
 Feb. 20,1915 
 1,1916 
 
 20. 1915 
 24,1915 
 
 4, 1915 
 5, 1915 
 
 8. 1915 
 
 9. 1916 
 15,1916 
 
 16. 1916 
 19, 1916 
 24, 1915 
 
 4,1915 
 
 ....do 
 
 Mar. 5, 1915 
 do 
 
 Nov 
 Feb 
 Feb. 
 Mar. 
 Mar. 
 Mar. 
 Mar. 
 Mar. 
 Mar. 
 Mar. 
 Mar. 
 Mar 
 
 .do. 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Mar. 8, 1915 
 do 
 
 ....do 
 
 Mar. 9, 1915 
 
 do 
 
 Mar. 8, 1915 
 Mar. 15,1915 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 ....do 
 
 Mar. 16,1915 
 
 do 
 
 Mar. 19,1915 
 Sept. 28,1915 
 
 Mar. 24,1915 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Mar. 27,1916 
 Mar. 24,1916 
 
 do 
 
 Mar. 27,1915 
 
 do.. 
 
 do 
 
 Mar. 26,1915 
 Mar. 27,1915 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Sept. 11,1915 
 Feb. 2,8,1915 
 Mar. 30,1915 
 Apr. 3, 1915 
 
 do 
 
 Apr. 6, 1916 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Apr. 9, 1915 
 Apr. 16,1915 
 Apr. 20,1915 
 May 20,1915 
 Apr. 22,1915 
 Apr. 19,1915 
 Apr. 14,1915 
 
 Apr. 19,1916 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Approved or 
 disapproved. 
 
 ' Apr. 8, 
 Mar. 2, 
 
 m' 
 
 Feb. 24, 
 
 Dec. 29, 
 
 Mai'. 2 
 
 do.. 
 
 Mar. 9 
 
 Mar. 11 
 
 Mar. 20: 
 
 Mar. 15 
 
 Mar. is: 
 
 Mar. 19: 
 
 Mar. 22: 
 
 Mar. 27; 
 Mar, 
 
 Mar. 11: 
 
 do.' 
 
 Mar. 16, 
 
 Mar. 12, 
 
 do 
 
 Mar. 9, 
 
 Mar. 11' 
 
 Mar. 13: 
 
 Mar. 11 
 Mar. 16 
 
 Mar. 18, 
 Mar. 24 
 Mar. is: 
 
 do 
 
 Mar. 20, 
 Mar. is: 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 <Mar. 22, 
 Oct. 
 
 Mar. 27, 
 ....do. 
 ....do. 
 <Mar. 31, 
 ....do.' 
 Mar. 27, 
 ....do 
 Apr. 15 
 Apr. 1 
 .do.* 
 
 Apr. 7, 
 Apr. 1 
 
 do.. 
 
 do.. 
 
 do.. 
 
 Sept. 14, 
 Apr. 1, 
 Apr. 3, 
 Apr. 7, 
 -do. 
 
 Apr. 24, 
 
 <Apr. 12, 
 
 Apr. 10, 
 
 Apr. 12, 
 
 Apr. 19, 
 
 Apr. 24, 
 
 May 22, 
 
 Apr. 22, 
 
 Apr. 21, 
 
 Apr. 19, 
 
 Apr. 21, 
 Apr. 26, 
 Apr. 21, 
 
 Apr. 13,1915 Apr. 20,1915 Apr. 24, 
 
 3 Report, Mar. 15, 1916; Mar.' 22, 
 * Unconditional. 
 
 Returned to 
 
 superintend. 
 
 ent. 
 
 Apr. 9,1916 
 
 Mar. 3,1915 
 
 Mar. 16,1915 
 
 Feb. 25,1915 
 
 Dee. 29,1915 
 
 Mar. 2,1916 
 
 Mar. 3,1915 
 
 Mar. 10,1915 
 
 Mar. 11,1915 
 
 Mar. 22,1915 
 
 Mar 
 Mar, 
 Mar. 
 Mar. 
 Mar, 
 Mar 
 
 16,1915 
 19,1916 
 20,1915 
 23,1915 
 27,1915 
 — -. 10,1916 
 Mar. 12,1915 
 ....do..... 
 Mar. 16,1915 
 Feb. 12,1916 
 
 Do. 
 Mar. 10,1916 
 Mar. 11,1916 
 Mar. 15,1915 
 
 Mar. 
 Mar. 
 
 11,1915 
 16,1916 
 
 Mar. 19,1916 
 Mar. 24,1915 
 Mar. 19,1915 
 
 Do. 
 Mar. 22,1915 
 Mar. 19,1915 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 Mar. 23,1915 
 Oct. 6,1915 
 
 Mar. 27,1915 
 Mar. 29,1916 
 Mar. 27,1915 
 Mar. 31,1915 
 
 Do. 
 Mar. 27,1915 
 
 Do. 
 Apr. 2,1915 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 Apr. R,191S 
 Apr. 2,1915 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 Sept. 14,1916 
 Apr. 2,1915 
 Apr. 3,1916 
 Apr. 8,1916 
 
 Do. 
 Apr. 26,1916 
 Apr. 13,1916 
 Apr. 12,1915 
 Apr. 13,1915 
 Apr. 19,191S 
 Apr. 24,1915 
 May 23,1915 
 Apr. 24,1916 
 Apr. 22,1916 
 Apr. 19,I91i 
 
 Apr. 
 
 21,191S 
 
 Apr. 
 
 27,1915 ' 
 
 Apr. 
 
 22,1915. 1 
 
 Apr. 
 
 24,1915 
 
FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OF INDIANS. 
 
 95 
 
 Removal of restriction cases received in the Indian Office since Jan. 1, 1915 — Continued. 
 
 CHOCTAWS— Continued. 
 
 Name of allottee. 
 
 Hilbon W. McCoy 
 
 Hannah Isaac 
 
 Mary Nakishi 
 
 Sopnla Pickens, nee Lewis.. 
 
 Dave Lawrence 
 
 Nelson Wall 
 
 Elizabeth Hale 
 
 Implin Ben, nee Nelson 
 
 Thomas Sockey 
 
 Susan Sanders, nee "Willis 
 
 Israel Byington 
 
 Martin Camp 
 
 Mason Ludlom 
 
 Pierce Homer 
 
 Jesse Bohanan 
 
 Felice Baptiste 
 
 Peter J. Hudson 
 
 Wismon Bohanan 
 
 Maggie Lewis, nee Simmons 
 
 Wynie Peter 
 
 Joseph Bra.shears 
 
 Davis Sockey 
 
 Frances Bell 
 
 Frances Bohanan, now 
 Foster. 
 
 David E. Roebnck 
 
 Willis Willie 
 
 Liney Hotinlubbi 
 
 Sissie B. Turley 
 
 Jeffie Lewis 
 
 William BiUey 
 
 Charles Walker 
 
 Walton James . j 
 
 Amanda Tindell 
 
 Helen Hooser, nee Hudson . . 
 
 Wilson Homer 
 
 Jesse Porter 
 
 Josephine Bohanan, nee 
 
 Anderson. 
 
 Charles C. Tumbull 
 
 Ellis W. Thompson 
 
 Fena McConnell, formerly 
 
 Dill, nee Surratt. 
 Chully Homer, nee Lewis.... 
 
 Simon Isaac 
 
 Mary Jane Smith 
 
 Milton Hawkins 
 
 Wilkin Wall 
 
 Levina Leflore 
 
 Liliam McCoy 
 
 Lucy Nohio 
 
 J. Andrew Sumpter 
 
 Wellington Haiakanubbi 
 
 Sophia John, nee Games 
 
 Stephen Parker 
 
 Mary James, nee Harkins 
 
 Jefferson Bacon 
 
 Sampson Folsom 
 
 Agnes Lewis 
 
 Elizabeth Jefferson 
 
 Emiline Terrell 
 
 Betsey Porter 
 
 Lorena Johnson 
 
 EUas C.Ward 
 
 AdaTubbeeBeU 
 
 Robinson Wade 
 
 William Kinches 
 
 Minnie Bohanan 
 
 Betsey Oo-se-wee, nee Grass.. 
 
 Elizabeth, John 
 
 Elam, Charley 
 
 Leasin Wade, now Charley. . 
 Mary Hickman, nee Lewis... 
 Solomon Ott 
 
 Application. 
 
 Forwarded 
 by superin- 
 tendent. 
 
 12,1914 
 5,1916 
 1,1914 
 
 10, 1914 
 4,1915 
 
 13, 1613 
 
 28,1915 
 
 20. 1914 
 6, 1915 
 
 8. 1915 
 3,1914 
 
 16. 1915 
 12. 1914 
 30; 1914 
 10,1915 
 
 4,1915 
 
 8. 1916 
 6, 1913 
 
 12. 1914 
 
 16. 1915 
 16, 1913 
 16,1915 
 
 30,1915 
 
 Oct. 6, 1914 
 
 Oct. 
 
 Mar. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 Nov. 
 
 Apr. 
 
 Aug. 
 
 Apr. 
 
 Apr. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 Dec. 
 
 Dec. 
 
 Mar. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 Inly 
 
 Nov. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 May 
 
 Apr. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 Dee. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 Sept. 
 (May 
 \June 
 
 Apr. 
 
 Mar. 
 
 Apr. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 Nov. 
 
 May 
 
 May 
 
 24,1915 
 7, 1914 
 
 14. 1915 
 6, 1916 
 
 10. 1914 
 14,1916 
 
 16. 1916 
 
 27. 1915 
 17, 1915 
 
 6,1915 
 
 8,1915 
 
 24, 1912 
 
 27. 1915 
 
 24. 1916 
 
 May 7, 1915 
 May 10,1915 
 Sept. 11, 1916 
 
 May 3, 1915 
 Mar. 22,1915 
 Dec. 15,1913 
 
 Apr. 
 Jan. 
 May 
 Apr. 
 Apr. 
 Aug. 
 Oct. 
 Dec. 
 Mar. 
 May 
 Feb. 
 Nov. 
 Nov. 
 May 
 May 
 June 
 May 
 Mar. 
 Jan. 
 Feb. 
 Oct. 
 May 
 Mar, 
 Jan. 
 May 
 July 
 May 
 
 19, 1912 
 
 13. 1915 
 6, 1916 
 
 14. 1916 
 30, 1915 
 
 4. 1914 
 
 20. 1914 
 20, 1912 
 
 2. 1915 
 1,1915 
 
 20. 1915 
 
 14. 1914 
 
 3. 1914 
 
 1. 1916 
 
 26. 1916 
 
 3. 1915 
 
 22. 1915 
 17,1915 
 28, 1915 
 16, 1915 
 14, 1914 
 29, 1914 
 
 3, 1915 
 4,1915 
 6,1916 
 7,1915 
 8,1915 
 
 Apr. 13,1915 
 
 ...do 
 
 Apr. 10,1916 
 Apr. 16,1916 
 Apr. 22,1915 
 
 ....do 
 
 May 6, 1915 
 May 10,1915 
 May 22,1915 
 do. 
 
 Apr. 27,1915 
 May 7, 1915 
 
 do 
 
 May 10,1915 
 May 8, 1915 
 May 7, 1915 
 May 8, 1916 
 May 10,1816 
 Mav 7, 1916 
 May 6, 1915 
 May 10,1915 
 May 13,1915 
 
 f.-..do 
 
 l?ept. 10,1316 
 May 14,1915 
 
 do 
 
 May 22,1916 
 
 do 
 
 ■ do. 
 
 -do.. 
 
 June 17,1915 
 July 13,1915 
 June 18,1915 
 June 16,1915 
 
 do 
 
 .do. 
 
 June 19,1915 
 June 7, 1915 
 do 
 
 June 14,1915 
 June 16,1915 
 do 
 
 June 21,1915 
 June 24,1915 
 June 19,1916 
 June 22,1915 
 June 23,1915 
 June 24,1915 
 
 do 
 
 July 3, 1915 
 
 ....do 
 
 July 16,1915 
 July 21,1915 
 
 do 
 
 July 23,1915 
 July 24,1916 
 
 do 
 
 Aug. 6,1915 
 Aug. 10,1915 
 Aug. 14,1915 
 Aug. 2,1915 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Aug. 3,1915 
 Aufc 6,1915 
 
 Aug. 7',i9i5 
 Aug. 13,1915 
 Aug. 14,1915 
 Aug. 18,1915 
 
 do 
 
 Aug. 19,1915 
 Aug. 27,1915 
 
 • Unconditional. 
 
 Received. 
 
 Apr. 20,1915 
 
 .. -do... 
 
 ..-..do 
 
 ....do 
 
 Apr. 27,1915 
 Apr. 30,1916 
 Mav 10,1915 
 May 13,1916 
 May 27,1916 
 do. 
 
 May 3, 1915 
 May 11,1616 
 
 do 
 
 Mav 13,1915 
 
 ....:do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 May 16,1915 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do. 
 
 May 17,1915 
 May 20,1915 
 Sept. 14, 1916 
 May 20,1915 
 
 do 
 
 May 27,1916 
 do 
 
 do. 
 
 .do. 
 
 June 21,1915 
 July 19,1916 
 Jime 21,1916 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 June 22,1916 
 June 11,1915 
 do 
 
 June 17,1916 
 June 21,1915 
 do 
 
 Jime 23,1915 
 June 28,1915 
 June 22,1915 
 June 24,1915 
 June 25,1916 
 June 28,1915 
 
 do 
 
 July 8, 1915 
 July 13,1916 
 July 19,1916 
 July 26,1915 
 
 do 
 
 July 27,1915 
 July 29,1915 
 
 do 
 
 Aug. 9, 1915 
 Aug. 13,1915 
 Aug. 17,1915 
 Aug. 6,1915 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Aug. 9,1915 
 
 do 
 
 Aug. 10,1915 
 Aug. 16,1915 
 Aug. 17,1915 
 Aug. 21,1915 
 
 do 
 
 Aug. 23,1915 
 Aug. 31,1915 
 
 Approved or 
 disapproved. 
 
 Apr. 21,1915 
 
 do 
 
 May 19,1916 
 
 24. 1915 
 1,1915 
 4, 1915 
 
 11,1915 
 
 17. 1916 
 Mav 29,1916 
 
 "do. 
 
 Apr. 
 May 
 May 
 May 
 May 
 
 Mav 6,1916 
 May 13,1916 
 May 12,1916 
 May 14,1916 
 
 do..'. 
 
 .....do 
 
 'May 14,1915 
 Mav 19,1915 
 June 21,1915 
 May 19,1916 
 
 do 
 
 Jime 7, 1916 
 May 21,1916 
 Sept. 16, 1916 
 May 21,1915 
 
 May 22,1816 
 May 29,1916 
 June 1, 1916 
 Mav 29,1915 
 
 ....:do 
 
 June 23,1915 
 July 20,1915 
 June 24,1915 
 
 do 
 
 July 16,1916 
 June 29,1915 
 June 28,1915 
 June 12,1916 
 
 do 
 
 June 19,1916 
 June 24,19151 
 doi... 
 
 June 29,1915 
 July 1, 1915 
 June 29,1915 
 
 do 
 
 ....do 
 
 ....do 
 
 ....do 
 
 July 10,1915 
 July 16,1915 
 July 22,1915 
 July 28,1916 
 
 do 
 
 July 29,1915 
 Aug. 2, 1915 
 Aug. 2, 1915 
 Aug. 12,1916 
 Aug. 16,1915 
 Aug. 20,1915 
 Aug. 10,1915 
 Aug.' 7,1915 
 Aug. 10,1916 
 
 do 
 
 Aug. 13,1915 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Aug. 18,1915 
 Aug. 19,1916 
 Aug. 24,1915 
 
 do 
 
 Aug. 30,1915 
 Sept. 2,1915 
 
 Returned to 
 superintend- 
 ent. 
 
 Apr 
 May 
 May 
 May 
 May 
 June 
 May 
 May 
 May 
 May 
 May 
 
 Vpr. 22,1916 
 
 Do. 
 May 20,1915 
 
 24. 1915 
 3,1916 
 5,1916 
 
 12,1916 
 
 18. 1916 
 1,1915 
 
 31,1916 
 6, 1915 
 14,1915 
 13, 1915 
 l.'i, 1915 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 May 20,1915 
 June 22,1916 
 May 20,1915 
 
 Do. 
 June S, 1915 
 May 22,1915 
 Sept. 17, 1915 
 May 2.'), 1915 
 
 Mav 21,1915 
 June 1,1915 
 June 2, 1S16 
 .Tune 1,1915 
 
 Do. 
 June 24,1915 
 July 21,1915 
 June 24, 1915 
 
 Do. 
 July 17,1915 
 June 30,1915 
 June 29,1915 
 June 12,1915 
 
 Do. 
 
 June 21,1915 
 
 June 24,1915 
 
 Do. 
 
 June 30,1915 
 July 2, 1915 
 June 30,1915 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 July 12,1915 
 July 17,1916. 
 July 23,1915 
 July 28,1915 
 
 Do. 
 July 29,1916 
 Aug. 2,1916 
 
 Do. 
 Aug. 13,1915 
 Aug. 18,1915 
 Aug. 20,1915 
 Aug. 11,1915 
 Aug. 9, 1915 
 Aug. 11,1915 
 
 Do. 
 Aug. 14,1916 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 Aug. 19,1916 
 
 Do. 
 Aug. 25,1916 
 
 do 
 
 Aug. 31,1915 
 Sept. 2,1915 
 
96 
 
 FIVE CTVILIZED TEIBES OF INDIANS. 
 
 Removal of restriction cases received in the Indian Office since Jan. 1, 1915 — Continua 
 
 OHOCTAWS— Continued. 
 
 Xame of allottee. 
 
 Annie Pusley , nee Collin 
 
 Nellie PerHns 
 
 Esias Washington 
 
 Minewa McKinney : 
 
 Robert L. Gardner 
 
 Johnson WalVer 
 
 Chubby Scott 
 
 Lucinda King 
 
 Morris Carney 
 
 Jameson Jackson 
 
 Lucinda Blackw^ood, nee 
 Gibson. 
 
 Joe Sam 
 
 Kingsberry Wade 
 
 Sampson Wilson 
 
 Lawrence Taylor 
 
 Martha Charley, nee Hopson. 
 Benjamin Edwards — 
 
 Barnabas Peter 
 
 ■Ransis Wade, nee AVright — 
 Viola Thompson, now Adams 
 
 Kelisin Amos 
 
 Wilton Jefferson 
 
 Reuben Homma 
 
 Simpson Folsom 
 
 Frances Shaw, n^e Burnett 
 
 Davis Peter 
 
 John Williams 
 
 Germain Fisher, n^e Phillips . 
 Nora Bybee, n6e Williams. . . 
 
 Lottie Bacon, n^e Noah 
 
 Louise Gardner, n6e Baptiste 
 
 Bessie Jefferson 
 
 IlUs Thompson 
 
 Talvatona 
 
 Nelson Wesley 
 
 Carrie Bowman 
 
 Reason Colbert 
 
 Kizzie Battiest 
 
 Jerry H. Samuel 
 
 Peter Nail 
 
 Kitsie Loman 
 
 Chatraan Thompson 
 
 Moses Chubee 
 
 Andrew Battiest 
 
 BoydBob 
 
 Sarah Harris, n^e Loman 
 
 Elus Alemohtubbl 
 
 Application. 
 
 Lizzie Pisachubbee, nie Aus- 
 tin. 
 
 Licksey McGee 
 
 Raymond Wilson 
 
 Sorena Phillip, n^e Wright. . . 
 
 John Woolery, jr 
 
 Antlin Noatabbi (now Jacob) 
 lOtsie Myers, n^e Jefferson 
 
 Impson Bohanan 
 
 Hall Gz'eenwood 
 
 Siney Billy (now King) . . . 
 
 Sarah Anderson .- 
 
 Maleum Leflore, nie Cartcrby 
 
 Salenna Noah 
 
 Jeff ery Jones 
 
 Roxie Crews, n6e Jacob 
 
 Wallace Benjamin 
 
 Joseph Onahantubbee 
 
 Oscar Kreble 
 
 Mattie Ladner, n^e Johnson. . 
 
 Sambltn Bathest 
 
 Susie A. Homer, nee Sexton. . 
 Emma Austin, nge Thomas . . 
 
 William Edwards 
 
 Nellie Billey, n(Se Sexton 
 
 Joseph Cole 
 
 William Guynes 
 
 May 
 Dee. 
 Feb. 
 Mar. 
 Apr. 
 Apr. 
 Nov. 
 July 
 Jan. 
 Jan. 
 Oct. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 June 
 
 Aug. 
 
 July 
 
 Oct. 
 
 July 
 
 Dec. 
 
 July 
 
 Oct. 
 
 Apr. 
 
 June 
 
 Apr. 
 
 July 
 
 July 
 
 May 
 
 Aug. 
 
 July 
 
 Feb. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 Sept. 
 
 July 
 
 July 
 
 July 
 
 Mar. 
 
 Sept. 
 
 July 
 
 Mar. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 June 
 
 July 
 
 Jan. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 Nov. 
 
 Mar. 
 
 /Sept. 
 
 \Dec. 
 
 July 
 
 1,1912 
 
 18. 1914 
 6; 1915 
 6, 1915 
 
 10. 1915 
 5,1915 
 
 4. 1913 
 2S, 1909 
 15,1914 
 24, 1915 
 
 28. 1913 
 
 3, 1915 
 6, 1915 
 
 10. 1915 
 
 19. 1914 
 9,1915 
 
 29, 1914 
 6,1914 
 11, 1914 
 
 7. 1914 
 
 10. 1914 
 3D, 1015 
 
 24. 1916 
 
 17. 1915 
 25, 1915 
 30, 1915 
 
 7. 1915 
 13, 1915 
 23, 1915 
 
 2, 1915 
 4, 1915 
 
 9. 1914 
 17, 191S 
 
 9. 1915 
 18, 1915 
 
 4. 1914 
 18,1915 
 22, 1915 
 
 5. 1915 
 8, 1914 
 
 23, 1915 
 17, 1915 
 21, 1915 
 5,1915 
 
 16. 1914 
 
 19. 1915 
 20,1915 
 
 28. 1914 
 
 17. 1915 
 
 Mar. 
 May 
 May 
 
 July 
 
 Nov. 
 
 July 
 
 Sept. 
 
 June 
 
 July 
 
 Apr. 
 
 Sept. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 May 
 
 Oct. 
 
 May 
 
 Jan. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 Aug, 
 
 July 
 
 May 
 
 Sept. 
 
 Aug. 
 
 Sept, 
 
 Mar, 
 
 July 
 
 20, 1915 
 
 28. 1914 
 
 13. 1915 
 16, 1915 
 
 7, 1913 
 17, 1915 
 
 7, 1915 
 
 7, 1915 
 24, 1915 
 10, 1915 
 
 8, 1915 
 12, 1915 
 
 5, 1915 
 
 4. 1915 
 26, 1915 
 21, 1915 
 29, 1915 
 
 6. 1916 
 27, 1915 
 13, 1915 
 23, 1915 
 30, 1915 
 17, 1915 
 25, 1915 
 13, 1915 
 
 Forwarded 
 
 by supei'in- 
 
 tendent. 
 
 Aug. 30,1915 
 Aug. 13,1915 
 
 do 
 
 Aug. 14,1915 
 
 do 
 
 Aug. 18,1915 
 Aug. 25,1915 
 27, 1915 
 4,1915 
 8, 1915 
 4, 1915 
 
 Aug 
 Sept. 
 Sept. 
 
 Received. 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Sept. 10, 1915 
 Sept. 18, 1915 
 
 do 
 
 Sept. 20, 1915 
 
 do 
 
 Sept. 23, 1915 
 Sept. 18, 1915 
 Sept. 20, 1915 
 Sept. 22, 1915 
 Sept. 20,1915 
 Sept. 25, 1916 
 Sept. 29, 1915 
 Oct. 2, 1915 
 
 do 
 
 Oct. 1,1915 
 Dec. 14,1915 
 Oct. 6,1916 
 Nov. 5, 1915 
 Nov. 11,1915 
 Oct. 15,1915 
 Oct. 6, 1915 
 Oct. 18,1915 
 Dec. 13,1915 
 Sept. 24, 1915 
 Sept. 22,1915 
 Sept. 25, 1915 
 
 do 
 
 Sept. 28, 1916 
 
 ....do 
 
 ....do 
 
 Sept. 29, 1915 
 Oct. 2, 1915 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Nov. 3, 1915 
 Oct. 2,1915 
 
 Oct. 8, 1915 
 Oct. 11,1916 
 
 do 
 
 Oct. 9, 1915 
 Oct. 13,1915 
 
 do 
 
 Oct. 14,1915 
 
 ....do 
 
 ....do 
 
 ....do 
 
 ....do 
 
 Oct, 31,1915 
 Oct. 14,1915 
 
 ....do 
 
 Oct. 15,1915 
 
 ....do 
 
 Oct. 17,1915 
 Oct. 23,1915 
 Oct. 22,1915 
 Oct. 23,1915 
 
 ....do 
 
 Oct, 26,1915 
 
 ....do 
 
 Oct. 30,1916 
 Nov. 1, 1916 
 
 Sept. 1,1915 
 Aug. 16,1915 
 
 do 
 
 Aug. 17,1916 
 
 do 
 
 Aug. 21,1915 
 Aug. 28,1915 
 Aug. 31,1915 
 Sept. 11, 1915 
 
 do 
 
 ....do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Sept. 14,1915 
 Sept. 21, 1915 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Sept. 24, 1915 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Sept. 22, 1915 
 Sept. 24,1915 
 Sept. 27, 1915 
 Oct. 4,1915 
 Oct. 5, 1916 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Dec. 18,1915 
 Oct. 9, 1915 
 Nov. 9, 1915 
 Nov. 16,1915 
 Oct. 18,1915 
 Oct, 9,1915 
 Oct. 22,1916 
 Dec. 17,1915 
 Sept. 27,1916 
 
 do 
 
 Sept. 28,1915 
 
 do 
 
 Oct. 1,1915 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Oct. 4, 1916 
 Oct. 5, 1915 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Nov. 8, 1915 
 Oct. 5, 1915 
 
 Oct, 11,1915 
 Oct. 13,1916 
 
 do.. 
 
 do 
 
 Oct. 16,1915 
 
 do 
 
 Oct. 18,1915 
 
 ....do.. 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 ....do 
 
 ....do 
 
 ....do 
 
 ....do 
 
 ....do 
 
 Oct. 19,1916 
 Oct. 25,1915 
 
 ....do.2 
 
 Oct. 26,1915 
 
 do 
 
 Oct. 29,1916 
 
 do 
 
 Nov. 2, 1915 
 Nov. 6, 1915 
 
 Approved or 
 disapproved. 
 
 Sept. 4,1915 
 Aug. 18,1915 
 
 do 
 
 Aug. 20,1915 
 Aug, 19,1915 
 Aug, 24,1916 
 Sept, 1,1916 
 Sept, 2,1915 
 Sept, 14, 1915 
 
 do 
 
 -...do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Sept. 15, 1915 
 Sept. 23, 1916 
 
 do 
 
 Oct. 6,1915 
 Sept. 23, 1915 
 Sept. 27, 1915 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 ....do 
 
 ....do 
 
 Sept. 28,1915 
 Oct. 6,1916 
 Oct. 7, 1915 
 Oct. 8,1916 
 
 ....do 
 
 Deo. 22,1915 
 Oct. 12,1915 
 Nov. 11,1915 
 Nov. 19,1915 
 Oct. 25,1915 
 Oct. 12,1915 
 Oct. 25,1916 
 Dec. 20,1915 
 Sept. 28,1916 
 Sept. 30,1916 
 Oct. 5,1915 
 Nov. 1,1915 
 Oct. 5, 1915 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Oct. 8,1915 
 Oct. 7, 1915 
 
 do.. 
 
 Nov. 10,1915 
 Oct, 8, 1915 
 
 Oct, 12,1915 
 Oct. 15, 1915 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Oct. 25,1915 
 Oct. 21,1915 
 Oct. 25,1915 
 
 do 
 
 Oct. 23,1915 
 Oct. 26,1915 
 
 do....... 
 
 ....do 
 
 Oct. 23,1916 
 
 ....do 
 
 Oct. 26,1915 
 
 ....do 
 
 ....do.i 
 
 Nov. 6,1915 
 Nov. 29,1916 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 ' Nov. 2, 1915 
 Nov. 2,1915 
 Nov. 4, 1915 
 
 iNov. 11,1915 
 
 Returned to 
 
 superintend. 
 
 ent. 
 
 Sept, 7,1915 
 Aug. 19,1915 
 
 Do, 
 Aug, 21,1915 
 Aug, 19,1915 
 Aug, 25,1915 
 Sept. 2,1915 
 Sept. 3,1915 
 Sept. 14,1915 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do, 
 
 Do, 
 
 Do, 
 Sept, 1G,1915 
 Sept, 23,1916 
 
 Do, 
 Oct, 6,1915 
 Sept 23,1915 
 Sept, 28,1915 
 
 Do, 
 
 Do, 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 Sept. 30,1915 
 Oct, 7,19U 
 Oct. 8,1915 
 Oct. 9,1915 
 
 Do. 
 Dec. 23,1915 
 Oct. 13,1915 
 Not. 11,1915 
 Nov. 19,1915 
 Oct. 26,1915 
 Oct. 13,1915 
 Oct. 26,1915 
 Dec. 21,1915 
 Sept. 28,1915 
 Sept, 30,1915 
 Oct. 6,1915 
 Nov. 1,1915 
 Oct. 6,1915 
 Oct. 7,1915 
 
 Do. 
 Oct. 6,1915 
 Oct. 9,1915 
 Oct. 8,1915 
 
 Do, 
 Nov, 11,1915 
 Oct. 9,1915 
 
 Oct. I3,191S 
 Oct. 16,1915 
 
 Do, 
 
 Do, 
 Oct. 26,1915 
 Oct. 22,1915 
 Oct. 26,1918 
 
 Do, 
 Oct, 25,1915 
 Oct, 26,1918 
 
 Do, 
 
 Do, 
 Oct, 25,1913 
 
 Do. 
 Oct. 28,1915 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 Nov. 6,1915 
 Nov. 29,1915 
 Oct. 30,1915 
 Oct. 29,1915 
 Nov. 3,1915 
 Nov. 2,1918 
 Nov. 4,1915 
 Nov. 11,1915 
 
 1 XTnemditional. 
 
 ' Report, Nov. 18, 1915; Nov. 22, 1915. 
 
FIVE CIVILIZED TEIBES OF INDIANS. 
 
 97 
 
 Removal of restriction cases received in the Indian Office since Jan. 1, 1916 — Continued, 
 
 CHOCTAWS— Continued. 
 
 Name of allottee. 
 
 Jobn Willis 
 
 Thompson Eyachabte 
 
 Sophie Jefferson 
 
 George Isaac 
 
 Steson Alemohtubhi 
 
 Louisa McClure (now Billey) 
 
 Levi Taylor 
 
 Billy Boltng 
 
 Peter Cole 
 
 Aggie Bucket 
 
 Selissa Jefferson, n4e Jones.. 
 
 Jessie Collin 
 
 MolUe Chubee, nfe Durant.. 
 Pearl M. Folsom (now Jen- 
 
 kms) 
 
 Felix Noatabbe 
 
 Caroline Bohanan^nfe James 
 
 Malina Gray, n6e Dick 
 
 Sam WoUe 
 
 Joel Leader 
 
 Sallie McJDaniel, n6e Harkins 
 
 John King 
 
 Mary Hudson 
 
 Jackson Graman 
 
 Ben Carterby 
 
 Amos Sam 
 
 Frances Tilles, n6e James 
 
 Martha Brokeshoulder. 
 
 Raynie Anderson 
 
 Jesse Beams 
 
 Jasper Colbert 
 
 Jim Willis 
 
 Steen Mose 
 
 Ephriam Beams 
 
 Edward Christie 
 
 Mary Bacon, n6e Potts 
 Molsey Felnia (now Gibson). 
 
 Steward Wright 
 
 Jincy Camp 
 
 Dave Yota 
 
 William Free 
 
 Sarah Roberts, nfe Simpson 
 
 Emiline Wade 
 
 McGee Johnson 
 
 Lee Folson 
 
 Sidney A-me-ah-tubbee 
 
 Esias Willie 
 
 NattFry 
 
 Jesse Colbert 
 
 Sophia Carley, nfe Cobb 
 
 Sim McGee 
 
 Hudson Lemon 
 
 Silas Turner 
 
 Steve Sampson 
 
 Colbert Wesley 
 
 Sarah McCoy, nee Woods — 
 
 Simon Tom 
 
 Mack King 
 
 William Garland 
 
 Green Wesley 
 
 Alice Folsom 
 
 Daniel Perry 
 
 Frances Colbert, nee Miller. 
 
 Achafatubbi Ward 
 
 Zack T. Carshall 
 
 Silan Homer 
 
 Allan C . McCurtain 
 
 Abe Golden 
 
 Joel McCurtain „„•,„,, 
 
 Joseph Wade July 22, 1914 
 
 Win. Baxter I June 9,1914 
 
 Application. 
 
 Aug. 
 Jan. 
 Oct. 
 Feb. 
 July 
 
 7, 1915 
 13, 1915 
 6, 1914 
 2, 1914 
 31, 1914 
 Jept. 11,1915 
 July 6, 1915 
 Aug. 19,1915 
 Aug. 25,1916 
 Feb. 13,1915 
 Sept. 22, 1915 
 Apr. 9, 1915 
 Aug. 11,1915 
 
 Apr. 
 Mar. 
 
 29, 1915 
 10, 1915 
 June 12,1915 
 Sept. 15,1915 
 July 1, 1915 
 Apr. 24,1915 
 Dec. 20,1913 
 Feb. 4, 1915 
 Aug. 28,1908 
 Apr. 28,1915 
 Sept. 26, 1914 
 Sept. 15,1915 
 Oct. 28,1915 
 21, 1915 
 14,1915 
 7, 1915 
 4, 1915 
 Aug. 10,1915 
 Deo. 26,1913 
 Feb. 27,1915 
 
 July 
 Aug. 
 Oct. 
 Jan. 
 
 Mar. 7, 1914 
 Apr. 30,1916 
 July 29,1916 
 July 17,1915 
 Mar. 27,1915 
 Apr. 13,1915 
 May 26,1915 
 July 20,1914 
 Nov. 19,1916 
 
 Sept. 28, 1915 
 July 31,1915 
 
 Mar. 21,1914 
 Oct. 22,1914 
 Feb. 15,1915 
 Oct. 28,1916 
 Oct. 13,1915 
 July 23,1915 
 Feb. 26,1913 
 Aug. 23,1913 
 June 9, 1914 
 Feb. 10,1915 
 Feb. 12,1916 
 /Nov. 9, 1916 
 tJuly 27,1915 
 Oct. 10,1914 
 
 Jan. 20,1915 
 
 Dec. 26,1914 
 
 May 23,1914 
 
 Sept. 19, 1914 
 
 Aug. 6,1914 
 
 Jan, 11,1915 
 
 Oct. 26,1915 
 
 May 30,1914 
 
 Forwarded 
 by superin- 
 tendent. 
 
 Nov. 
 Nov. 
 Nov. 
 Nov. 
 Nov. 
 
 1,1916 
 2, 1915 
 1, 1915 
 3, 1915 
 6, 1915 
 
 Received. 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Nov. 13,1915 
 do 
 
 Nov. 16,1916 
 Nov. 17,1915 
 
 Nov. 18,1915 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Nov. 19,1915 
 Nov. 20,1915 
 Nov. 22,1915 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Nov. 23,1915 
 
 do 
 
 Nov. 24,1915 
 Nov. 22, 1915 
 Nov. 24,1915 
 Nov. 30,1916 
 Dec. 1, 1915 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Dec. 6, 1915 
 
 do 
 
 Dec. 4, 1915 
 Dec. 6, 1915 
 Deo. 4, 1915 
 Dec. 9, 1916 
 Dec. 10,1915 
 
 do 
 
 Dec. 13,1915 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Deo. 17,1915 
 Dec. 27,1915 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Feb. 27, 1916 
 Mar. 16,1915 
 Aug. 2, 1915 
 Nov. 23,1915 
 
 do 
 
 Nov. 5,1915 
 Oct. 27,1915 
 Apr. 30,1914 
 Nov. 16,1916 
 Oct. 19,1915 
 Nov. 9,1915 
 
 do 
 
 Sept. 16, 1915 
 Jan. 7, 1915 
 
 /Mar. 20,1915 
 
 \Dec. 18,1915 
 Feb. 5, 1915 
 May 26,1915 
 Dec. 30,1914 
 Feb. 12,1916 
 Mar. 3,1915 
 Mar. 8,1916 
 Jan. 14,1915 
 
 .-..do 
 
 Mar. 17,1915 
 
 iNov. 6,1916 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Nov. 6, 1915 
 Nov. 9,1915 
 
 do.2 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Nov. 16,1915 
 
 do....i... 
 
 Nov. 19,1915 
 Nov. 20, 1915 
 
 Nov. 22,1915 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Nov. 23,1915 
 
 do 
 
 <Nov. 26,1916 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 dp 
 
 do 
 
 Nov. 27,1916 
 Dec. 3, 1W6 
 Dec. 4, 1915 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Dec. 6, 1915 
 Dec. 9, 1915 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Dec. 13,1915 
 Dec. 14,1915 
 
 do 
 
 Dec. 17,1915 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Deo. 20,1915 
 Dec. 30,1915 
 
 do , 
 
 do , 
 
 do 
 
 Mar. 6, 1916 
 Mar. 24,1915 
 Aug. 6, 1915 
 Nov. 26,1915 
 
 do 
 
 Nov. 9,1915 
 Nov. 1,1915 
 
 5 May 5, 1914 
 19,1915 
 22, 1915 
 12, 1915 
 
 do 
 
 Sept. 20, 1915 
 Jan. 14,1915 
 
 6 Mar. 27,1915 
 Dec. 21,1915 
 Feb. 11,1915 
 May 29,1915 
 Jan. 2, 1915 
 
 18, 1915 
 15,1915 
 11,1916 
 18, 1915 
 
 do 
 
 Mar. 24,1916 
 
 Approved or 
 disapproved. 
 
 Nov. 
 Oct. 
 Nov. 
 
 Feb. 
 Mar. 
 Mar. 
 Jan. 
 
 Jan. 29,1916 
 Nov. 8, 1915 
 Nov. 9,1915 
 Nov. 11,1916 
 Nov. 13,1915 
 Dec. 22,1915 
 Nov. 11,1915 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Nov. 19,1915 
 Nov. 18,1915 
 Nov. 22,1916 
 Nov. 24,1915 
 
 Nov. 29, 1915 
 
 do 
 
 ....do 
 
 do.' 
 
 ....do 
 
 Dec. 18,1915 
 
 Nov. 29,1916 
 
 Deo. 2, 1916 
 
 ....do 
 
 Nov. 29, 1915 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Dec. 7, 1915 
 do 
 
 Dec. S, 1915 
 do 
 
 Dec. 9, 1S15 
 do 
 
 Deo. 13,1915 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Dec. 18,1915 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Dec. 20,1915 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 iDec. 23,1916 
 
 Jan. 3, 1916 
 
 ....do 
 
 ....do 
 
 ....do 
 
 Mar. 9, 1916 
 
 30, 1915 
 
 11, 1915 
 
 8, 1915 
 
 2, 1915 
 
 13. 1915 
 
 4. 1915 
 
 16. 1916 
 11, 1915 
 25, 1915 
 17, 1915 
 
 Nov. 19,1915 
 Sept. 23, 1915 
 Jan. 20,1915 
 
 31. 1915 
 
 20. 1916 
 
 18. 1915 
 
 5. 1916 
 6, 1916 
 2, 1916 
 
 20. 1916 
 15, 1916 
 23, 1915 
 
 23. 1915 
 
 31. 1916 
 
 Mar. 
 Aug. 
 Dec. 
 Dec. 
 Nov. 
 Nov. 
 Apr. 
 Dec. 
 Oct. 
 Nov. 
 
 Mar. 
 Jan. 
 Feb. 
 June 
 Jan. 
 Mar. 
 Mar. 
 Mar. 
 Jan. 
 Feb. 
 Mar. 
 
 Returned to 
 
 superintend.! 
 
 ent. 
 
 Jan. 31,1919 
 Nov. 9,1914 
 
 Do. 
 Nov. ll,191Si 
 Nov. 15,1914 
 Dec. 23,1914 
 Nov. 11,1914 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 Nov. 19,1915 
 Nov. 18,1914 
 Nov. 23, 1915 
 Nov. 28, 1915 
 
 Nov. 29,1913 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 Dec. 20,1914 
 Nov. 30,1915 
 Dec. 3, 1915 
 
 Do. 
 Nov. 30,1915 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 Deo. 8, 1914 
 
 Do. 
 Dec. 10,1914 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 Dec. 15,1914 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 Dec. 20,1914 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 Dec. 21,1918 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 Dec. 23,1915 
 Jan. 4, 1919 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 Mar. 10,1915 
 Mar. 31,1915 
 Aug. 11,1915 
 Dec. 10,1915 
 Dec. 3, 1915 
 Nov. 15,1915 
 Nov. 4,1915 
 Apr. 17,1915 
 Dec. 14,1914 
 Oct. 26,1914 
 Nov. 18,1915. 
 Nov. 19,1915, 
 Sept. 23, 1915. 
 Jan. 21,1915, 
 31, 1915, 
 21, 19ia, 
 19, 1914 
 6, 1915, 
 6,1915. 
 
 3, 1914 
 
 Mar. 22,1915, 
 Mar. 16,1915, 
 Jan. 25,1914 
 Feb, 25,1915 
 Mar. 31,1915 
 
 Mar 
 Jan, 
 Feb, 
 June 
 Jan. 
 Mar 
 
 1 Report, Jan. 20, 1915; Jan, 24, 1916. 
 
 2 Report, Dec. 15, 1915; Dso, IS, 1915. 
 
 3 Unconditional, 
 
 38147—16 7 
 
 ' Report, Dec, 8, 1915; Dec, 10, 1915. 
 
 5 Report, -Mar. 3D, 1915; Apr. 3, 1915, 
 
 6 Report, Jan. 12, 1916; Jan. 17, 1916, 
 
98 FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OF INDIANS. 
 
 itanoval of restriction cases received in the Indian Office since Jan. 1, 1915 — Contin«ed. 
 
 CHOCTAWS— Continued. 
 
 Name of allottee. 
 
 Osbom Carr 
 
 Trances McCafEery, nee Wil- 
 lis 
 
 Jbne Moore, nee Burns 
 
 Sopliia 3ohn 
 
 Willie Carnes 
 
 "William Isaac 
 
 Frances Kemp, nee Carter. . . 
 
 Culterson J. Hudson 
 
 Eettie Anderson (now Nel- 
 
 ' son) 
 
 I^ena Coltert 
 
 Isham Christie 
 
 MoBie Bacon 
 
 Eliza Fletcher 
 
 Edna Bob 
 
 Kobert Cass 
 
 Martha Wilburn 
 
 Meh ina Quincy 
 
 Columbus C. Ervin 
 
 Turner L. Ervin 
 
 Abraham A. Ervin 
 
 Emmet Ervin 
 
 ■Myrthe M. Page, nee Ervin. 
 
 Peter Wrifht ' 
 
 £am Bench 
 
 Selina Carnes 
 
 Robinson Wilson 
 
 'Adeline Ashshalintubbi, nee 
 
 Ward 
 
 John Lewis 
 
 Frances Hampton 
 
 Silas James 
 
 MinnieJ. Conn, n^e Robinson 
 Bettie Lewis, nee York. . . 
 Arten White 
 
 ArbisCofY 
 
 Application. 
 
 Jan. 5, 1915 
 
 Dec. 22,1914 
 Apr. 18,1914 
 Nov. 26,1913 
 Aug. 12,1914 
 Jan. 5, 1916 
 May 11,1915 
 June 11,1913 
 
 July 
 May 
 Aug. 
 Aug. 
 May 
 Mar. 
 Aug. 
 Nov. 
 Mar. 
 
 8, 1915 
 20, 1915 
 16,1915 
 28, 1915 
 26, 1915 
 16, 1915 
 3,1915 
 8, 1915 
 23, 1915 
 Sept. 20, 1915 
 Dec. 3,1915 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 fJuly 10,1615 
 pec. 30,1915 
 Aug, 20,1915 
 July 12,1916 
 July 5,1915 
 
 Apr. 22,1915 
 Aug. 27,1916 
 July 14,1916 
 Oct. 3, 1914 
 July 22,1916 
 
 Forwarded 
 by superin- 
 tendent. 
 
 Alice Anderson, niSe Mc- 
 
 Elroy. 
 
 James B. Wright 
 
 Wellington L. Gardner 
 
 Sam Kaniatoli 
 
 Jefferson D. Folsom 
 
 Davis Wesley 
 
 Tatmer Berry... 
 
 Preston Bob 
 
 Ella Jones, Amanda Jones 
 
 (minors). 
 Uary Jane Williamson, nSe 
 
 Robinson. 
 
 Calvin Bond 
 
 Sampson Cole 
 
 Marlow Caee 
 
 McCasson Anderson 
 
 Lewis Armstrong 
 
 Ehepard Sexton 
 
 John McKinney 
 
 Willie Jones 
 
 Ada Winlock, nSe Jefferson. . 
 
 Js(ie Morris Rasha 
 
 Mary J. Dodson 
 
 Cecil Gallamore 
 
 Frank H. Wright 
 
 Annie Wilson (formerly Arm- 
 strong). 
 Minnie J. Conn, nee Robinson 
 
 Wm.H. McKinney 
 
 Mandie Pamell, n^e Free 
 
 Martin Bohanan 
 
 Frank Battiest 
 
 Sampson Folsom 
 
 Milton Brown 
 
 Ella Carney 
 
 Ellis Ramsey 
 
 Edward Jones 
 
 ar. 13,1916 
 
 (Mar. 5, 1916 
 
 lOct. 26,1915 
 
 Nov. 13,1915 
 
 Nov. 
 Oct. 
 Dec. 
 Mar. 
 Oct. 
 Oct. 
 Dec. 
 Jan. 
 
 29, 1916 
 31, 1916 
 4, 1915 
 10, 1915 
 27,1916 
 25, 1915 
 23, 1915 
 18, 1915 
 
 Apr. 3, 1916 
 
 June 
 
 Oct. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 June 
 
 Oct. 
 
 Apr. 
 
 July 
 
 Oct. 
 
 Mar. 
 
 Apr. 
 
 Sept. 
 
 Sept. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 Nov. 
 
 July 
 Feb. 
 Apr. 
 June 
 Oct. 
 Nov. 
 Aug. 
 Apr. 
 Oct. 
 Oct. 
 
 6, 1915 
 3,1915 
 16, 1915 
 
 16. 1915 
 1,1915 
 2, 1915 
 
 26. 1916 
 
 23. 1914 
 
 15. 1915 
 5, 1915 
 2, 1915 
 
 18. 1916 
 26, 1916 
 
 6. 1915 
 
 22, 1916 
 
 6. 1916 
 8, 1915 
 
 1. 1915 
 23, 1916 
 
 10. 1915 
 
 5. 1916 
 
 21. 1916 
 14,1915 
 29, 1915 
 
 Oct. 
 Oct. 
 Sept 
 Oct. 
 Nov, 
 Dec, 
 
 Feb. 19,1915 
 
 May 6, 1915 
 Sept. 29,1914 
 Dec. 31,1914 
 Sept, 9,1916 
 Oct. 9, 1916 
 Nov. 18,1916 
 Oct. 26,1916 
 
 Sept. 22,1915 
 Oct, 21,1915 
 29, 1916 
 30, 1916 
 18,1915 
 26, 1915 
 6, 1916 
 17,1915 
 July 28,1915 
 Sept, 25, 1915 
 Dec, 18,1915 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Oct, 5,1915 
 Jan, 17,1916 
 Oct, 22,1915 
 Sept, 23,1916 
 Aug. 11,1916 
 
 Oct, 27,1915 
 Oct. 6, 1916 
 Dec. 9, 1916 
 Feb. 10,1915 
 Jan. 6, 1916 
 Jan. 13,1916 
 Jan. 15,1916 
 Apr. 22,1915 
 Jan. 24,1916 
 do 
 
 Received. 
 
 Approved or 
 disapproved. 
 
 1 Report, Jan. 26, 1915; Feb. 
 
 2 Report, Mar. 11, 1916; Mar, 
 
 Jan. 28,1916 
 Jan. 26,1916 
 
 do , 
 
 Jan. 31,1916 
 
 do 
 
 Dec. 29,1915 
 Jan. 11, 1916 
 Jan. 20,1916 
 
 Jan. 26,1916 
 
 Jan. 31,1916 
 
 do 
 
 Feb. 2, 1916 
 Feb. 4, 1916 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Feb. 6, 1916 
 
 do 
 
 Feb. 4, 1916 
 Feb. 6, 1916 
 Feb. 7, 1916 
 Feb. 14,1916 
 
 .-..do 
 
 Feb. 21,1916 
 
 Jan. 6, 1916 
 Feb. 21,1916 
 
 do 
 
 Feb. 23,1916 
 Feb. 24,1916 
 
 do 
 
 Feb. 4, 1916 
 
 ....do 
 
 do 
 
 Feb. 6, 1916 
 
 2, 1915. 
 14, 1916. 
 
 Feb. 24,1915 
 
 May 15,1916 
 Oct. 3, 1914 
 Jan. 6,1916 
 Sept. 13, 1916 
 Oct. 14,1915 
 Nov. 22,1916 
 Oct, 29,1915 
 
 Sept. 27, 1915 
 Oct. 26,1915 
 Nov. 2,1915 
 
 do 
 
 Sept. 21,1915 
 Oct. 29,1915 
 Nov. 9,1916 
 Dec, 20,1915 
 July 31,1916 
 Sept, 28,1916 
 2 Dec. 21,1915 
 
 do.2 
 
 do.! 
 
 .do.= . 
 
 Oct. 9,1915 
 Jan. 20,1916 
 Oct. 26,1915 
 Sept, 28,1915 
 Aug, 14,1915 
 
 Nov, 
 Oct. 
 Dec. 
 Feb. 
 Jan. 
 Jan. 
 Jan. 
 
 1,1915 
 9, 1916 
 16, 1916 
 14, 1916 
 10, 1916 
 17,1916 
 18, 1916 
 .Apr. 27,1916 
 Jan. 28,1916 
 do 
 
 Jan. 31,1916 
 
 do , 
 
 do , 
 
 Feb. 4, 1916 
 
 do 
 
 Jan. 3, 1916 
 Jan. 15,1916 
 Jan. 24,1916 
 
 Jan, 31,1916 
 
 Feb. 4, 1916 
 
 ....do 
 
 Feb. 6, 1916 
 Feb. 7, 1916 
 
 do 
 
 Feb. 8, 1916 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 ....do 
 
 Feb. 11,1916 
 Feb. 17,1916 
 
 do 
 
 Feb. 24,1916 
 
 Jan. 10,1916 
 Feb. 24,1916 
 
 ....do 
 
 Feb. 26,1916 
 Mar. 1, 1916 
 
 do 
 
 Feb. 8, 1916 
 
 do 
 
 ....do 
 
 ....do 
 
 Mar, 4,1915 
 
 May 
 Feb, 
 Jan, 
 Sept. 
 Nov. 
 Nov. 
 Nov, 
 
 19. 1915 
 6, 1916 
 
 14. 1916 
 14, 1915 
 
 2. 1915 
 29, 1915 
 
 4. 1916 
 
 Sept, 30, 1916 
 Oct. 29,1915 
 Nov. 5, 1915 
 Nov. 4, 1915 
 Sept, 23,1915 
 Nov. 4, 1915 
 Nov. 11,1916 
 Dec. 27,1916 
 Aug. 5,1915 
 Oct. 1,1916 
 Mar. 18,1916 
 
 do." , 
 
 ....do.8 
 
 do. 
 
 Oct. 
 Jan. 
 Oct. 
 Oct, 
 Aug, 
 
 12,1916 
 26,1916 
 
 29. 1915 
 1,1915 
 
 16. 1916 
 
 Nov, 19,1916 
 
 Oct. 12,1915 
 
 Dec. 18,1915 
 
 Feb. 17,1915 
 
 3 Jan. 12,1916 
 
 Jan. 
 Jan. 
 Apr. 
 Jan. 
 
 .do. 
 
 18, 1916 
 21, 1916 
 
 29. 1915 
 
 31. 1916 
 
 Feb. 2, 1916 
 »Feb. 7,1916 
 Feb. 2, 1916 
 Feb. 8, 1916 
 ....do.3 
 
 Jan. 17,1916 
 Feb. 1, 1916 
 
 Feb. 7, 1916 
 
 Feb. 9, 1916 
 Feb. 8, 1916 
 Feb. 9, 1916 
 Feb. 10,1916 
 
 ..-.do. s 
 
 Feb. 14,1916 
 Feb. 10,1916 
 
 ....do.» 
 
 ....do 
 
 Feb. 14,1916 
 Feb. 16,1916 
 Feb. 24,1915 
 sFeb. 24,1916 
 Mar. 4, 1916 
 
 3 Jan. 12,1916 
 3 Mar. 4,1916 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Feb. 14,1916 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Returned to 
 
 superintend" 
 
 ent. 
 
 Mar. 5,1915 
 
 May 20,1916 
 Feb. 6,1915 
 Jan, 16,1915 
 Sept. 15,1915 
 Nov. 3,1915 
 Nov. 29,1915 
 Nov. 4,1915 
 
 Oct. 11916 
 Oct. 29,1915 
 Nov. 6,1915 
 Nov. 4,1915 
 Sept. 23,1915 
 Nov. 4,1915 
 Nov. 11,1915 
 Dec. 28,1915 
 Aug. 6,1916 
 Oct. 2,1916 
 Mar. 20,1916 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 Oct. 14,1915 
 Jan. 26,1916 
 Oct, 29,1916 
 Oct. 2,1915 
 Aug. 18,1915 
 
 Nov. 19,1915 
 Oct. 13,1916 
 Dec. 20,1915 
 Feb. 18,1915 
 Jan. 13,1916 
 Jan. 19,1916 
 Jan. 22,1916 
 May 1,1915 
 Feb. 1,1916 
 Do. 
 
 Feb. 3,1916 
 
 Feb. 8,1916 
 
 Feb. 3,1916 
 
 Feb. 9,1916 
 
 Do, 
 
 Jan. 7,1916 
 
 Jan. 18,1916 
 
 Feb. 2,1916 
 
 Feb. 8,1916 
 
 Feb. 10,1916 
 Feb. 9,1916 
 Feb. 10,1916 
 Feb. 11,1916 
 
 Do. ' 
 Feb, 15,1916 
 Feb. 11,1916 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 Feb. 15,1916 
 Feb. 16,1916 
 Feb. 25,1916 
 Feb. 28,1916 
 Mar. 6,1916 
 
 Jan. 13,1916 
 Mar. 6,1916 
 
 Do. 
 Mar. 4,191« 
 
 Do. 
 Mar. 6,1916 
 Feb. 16,1916 
 Feb. 15,1916 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 ' Unconditional. 
 
FIVE CIVILIZED TKIBES OE INDIANS. 
 
 99 
 
 Removal of restriction cases received in the Indian Office since Jan. 1, 1915 — Continued. 
 
 CHOCTAWS— Continued. 
 
 Name of allottee. 
 
 Application. 
 
 Silas James 
 
 Jamison Lewis 
 
 Eliza Wallery 
 
 Alice M. Elliott, nge Ander- 
 son. 
 
 Julia Bryant (now Phillips). 
 
 Sim Colbert 
 
 Winnie Patterson, nee Wall. . 
 
 Isham Emeyabbi 
 
 Simpson Byington 
 
 SallieBond 
 
 Esias Johnson 
 
 Easton Johnson (minor son 
 of I. Johnson). 
 
 Willie Eoebuck 
 
 Grave Lively, nfie Ellis 
 
 SalUe Ann Bohanan 
 
 Joseph Lewis 
 
 Gipson Lewis 
 
 Jane McDonald 
 
 Jennie Perry Cooper 
 
 Allen Greenwood 
 
 Thomas Graham 
 
 Annie Wilson, formerly Arm- 
 strong 
 
 John Rasha 
 
 Abe Golden 
 
 Elum Baker 
 
 Joseph R. H. Ward 
 
 Edgar Benton 
 
 Carney Ott 
 
 Henrietta Thompson, n&e 
 r ana- 
 
 John A. Garland 
 
 Lizzie Pistubbee 
 
 Battice Taylor 
 
 Fannie James, n6e Taylor. . . 
 
 Madlina Baptiste Farve 
 
 Israel Gage 
 
 Agnes Samuel, nje James 
 
 Daniel Terrell 
 
 Implin Ben, n^e Nelson 
 
 Alice Chubbu, n^e Isaac 
 
 Nellie Samuel, now Stechi. - . 
 
 Josephine Clark 
 
 Emmett Anderson 
 
 William Billey 
 
 Jim Andy Sumpter 
 
 Logan Harlan 
 
 Isaac Nelson 
 
 Pierce Homer 
 
 Mumie Taylor, n&e Ayaka- 
 tubby 
 
 Lizzie Jefferson 
 
 Mary Tims 
 
 Laura Bryant 
 
 William Hicks 
 
 Arthur Talbert 
 
 Hannah Nowabbi 
 
 Emmerson Sexton 
 
 John Simpson 
 
 Calvin Anderson 
 
 Slglon Carterby 
 
 Lymon Frazier 
 
 Wesley Baker 
 
 Do 
 
 Smallwood Folsom 
 
 Joseph Thompson 
 
 Turner Berry 
 
 Matilda Manning 
 
 Oct. 3, 1914 
 Sept. 26, 1914 
 Feb. 2, 1916 
 June 12,1915 
 
 May 13,1915 
 July 26,1915 
 Aug. 12,1915 
 May 7, 1915 
 Dec. 11,1915 
 Aug. 17,1914 
 Aug. 23,1915 
 Dec. 17,1915 
 
 June 16,1915 
 Nov. 10,1915 
 July 23,1915 
 Dec. 31,1914 
 Oct. 8,1915 
 Dec. 22,1915 
 
 Dec.22, 1915 
 Oct.- 28,1915 
 
 Nov. 6,1915 
 
 Forwarded 
 by superin- 
 tendent. 
 
 Oct. 26,1915 
 Sept. 6,1915 
 Nov. 15,1915 
 Oct. 14,1915 
 Sept. 2,1915 
 
 Nov. 
 Feb. 
 July 
 Feb. 
 Nov, 
 May 
 May 
 Apr. 
 Deo. 
 Aug. 
 Oct. 
 Dec. 
 July 
 July 
 June 
 Apr. 
 May 
 Sept. 
 Dec. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 Dec. 
 
 Sept. 
 
 Nov. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 Apr. 
 
 13, 1915 
 7, 1916 
 
 21, 191-5 
 9,1916 
 
 21, 1914 
 1, 1915 
 
 19. 1914 
 
 12. 1915 
 26, 1914 
 20,1914 
 19, 1914 
 21, 1914 
 
 10. 1914 
 
 31. 1915 
 16, 1915 
 20, 1915 
 28, 1915 
 27, 1915 
 
 30. 1914 
 
 8, 1915 
 
 23. 1915 
 7, 1915 
 4,1915 
 
 13. 1915 
 
 10. 1916 
 8, 1915 
 
 May 22,1915 
 
 Feb. 
 Dec. 
 July 
 Mar. 
 Feb. 
 May 
 Sept. 
 Oct. 
 (July 
 
 3, 1916 
 15,1915 
 19, 1915 
 20, 1915 
 20, 1915 
 
 1. 1914 
 
 7. 1915 
 25, 1915 
 24, 1915 
 
 Feb. 10,1916 
 
 ....do 
 
 Feb. 14,1916 
 do 
 
 Feb. 16,1916 
 
 Feb. 15,1916 
 
 Feb. 17,1916 
 
 Feb. 24,1916 
 
 do 
 
 Feb. 29,1916 
 
 Mar. 3, 1916 
 
 Mar. 1, 1916 
 
 Mar. 6, 1916 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Mar. 7, 1916 
 
 Mar. 8, 1916 
 do 
 
 Mar. 13,1916 
 do 
 
 Feb. 17,1916 
 
 Feb. 21,1916 
 Mar. 8, 1916 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Mar. 13,1916 
 Mar. 16,1916 
 Mar. 17,1916 
 
 Mar. 20,1916 
 
 do 
 
 Mar. 22,1916 
 Mar. 23,1916 
 
 7, 1915 
 29, 1915 
 
 4, 1915 
 13, 1915 
 Mar. 20,1915 
 Mar. 18,1915 
 Feb. 2, 1915 
 Mar. 29,1915 
 Nov. 21, 1914 
 Sept. 8,1915 
 July 13,1915 
 July 3, 1915 
 Oct. 28,1915 
 Dec. 10,1916 
 Dec. 20,1915 
 
 Received. 
 
 May 
 Oct. 
 Jan. 
 Dec. 
 
 Apr. 
 Mar. 
 Mar. 
 Mar. 
 Mar. 
 Mar. 
 
 29, 1915 
 20, 1915 
 
 17. 1915 
 
 13. 1916 
 11,1916 
 14, 1916 
 
 do 
 
 Sept. 20, 1915 
 Nov. 28, 1914 
 Mar. 16,1916 
 Mar. 20,1916 
 Feb. 10,1916 
 Sept. 23, 1915 
 Apr. 22,1915 
 Far. 24,1916 
 Mar. 20,1916 
 Dec. 29,1915 
 Jan. 11,1916 
 
 Feb. 14,1916 
 
 -...do 
 
 Feb. 17,1916 
 do 
 
 Feb. 18,1916 
 
 do 
 
 Feb. 21,1916 
 Mar. 1, 1916 
 
 do 
 
 Mar. 3, 1916 
 Mar. 6,1916 
 Mar. 7, 1916 
 
 Mar. 8, 1916 
 do 
 
 Mar. 10,1916 
 do 
 
 Mar. 11,1916 
 do 
 
 Mar. 16,1916 
 do 
 
 Feb. 21,1916 
 
 Feb. 24,1916 
 Mar. 11,1916 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Mar. 16,1916 
 Mar. 20,1916 
 Mar. 21,1916 
 
 Mar. 24,1916 
 
 do 
 
 Mar. 25,1916 
 Mar. 28,1916 
 May 11,1915 
 Nov. 5, 1915 
 12, 1915 
 17,1915 
 27, 1915 
 24, 1915 
 8, 1915 
 -^-. 3,1915 
 ' Nov. 27, 1914 
 Sept. 11, 1915 
 July 19,1915 
 July 13,1915 
 Nov. 1,1915 
 Dec. 14,1915 
 Dec. 23,1915 
 
 Feb. 17,1916 
 
 ....do 
 
 Feb. 24,1916 
 ....do.i 
 
 'Feb. 21,1916 
 Feb. 24,1916 
 
 'Mar. 4,1916 
 
 ....do 
 
 ....do 
 
 Mar. 11,1916 
 Mar. 9, 1916 
 Mar. 10,1916 
 
 Mar. 11,1916 
 
 ...-do.z 
 
 Mar, 13,1916 
 do 
 
 Mar. 15,1916 
 Mar. 16,1916 
 Mar. 20,1916 
 
 do 
 
 Mar. 4, 1916 
 
 do 
 
 Mar. 15,1916 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Mar. 20,1916 
 Mar. 24,1916 
 do 
 
 Jan. 
 Tec. 
 Mar. 
 •Mar. 
 Feb. 
 -Apr. 
 
 May 
 Mar. 
 Mar. 
 Mar. 
 Mar. 
 Mar. 
 Mar. 
 Sept. 
 lec. 
 Mar. 
 Mar. 
 Feb. 
 Sept. 
 Ajir. 
 Mar. 
 Mar. 
 Jan. 
 Jan. 
 
 4,1915 
 23, 1915 
 
 20. 1915 
 16,1915 
 14,1916 
 
 17. 1916 
 18, 1916 
 21,1915 
 
 4,1914 
 20, 1916 
 23, 1916 
 14, 1916 
 28, 1915 
 
 30. 1915 
 
 28. 1916 
 22, 1916 
 
 3,1916 
 15, 1916 
 
 Approved or 
 disapproved. 
 
 Mar. 
 
 -Apr. 
 
 Mar. 
 
 Mar. 
 
 May 
 
 Nov. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 lec. 
 
 Apr. 
 
 May 
 
 Feb. 
 
 Apr. 
 
 Apr. 
 
 Sept. 
 
 July 
 
 July 
 
 lec. 
 
 Tec. 
 
 Pec. 
 
 25, 1916 
 
 3, 1916 
 31, 1916 
 21,1916 
 13,1915 
 
 8, 1915 
 14,1915 
 22, 1915 
 
 1, 1915 
 17,1915 
 13, 1915 
 
 9, 1915 
 17, 1915 
 14, 1915 
 20, 1915 
 16,1915 
 29, 1915 
 22, 1915 
 29, 1915 
 
 May 6, 1915 
 Mar. 27,1915 
 Mar. 24,1915 
 Mar. 18,1916 
 
 .-..do 
 
 Mar, 24,1916 
 
 ...-do 
 
 Sept. 23,1915 
 <May 18,1915 
 Mar. 24,1916 
 Mar. 27,1916 
 Feb. 16,1916 
 Oct. 5, 1915 
 
 5. 1915 
 
 3. 1916 
 28, 1916 
 
 7, 1916 
 »Jan. 20,1916 
 I Mar. 7, 1916 
 
 -Apr. 
 Mar. 
 Jan. 
 
 Returned to 
 superintend- 
 ent. 
 
 Feb. 18,1918 
 
 Do. 
 Feb. 28,1916 
 
 Do. 
 
 Feb. 23,1916 
 Feb. 28,1916 
 Mar. 6, 1918 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 Mar. 13,1918 
 Mar. 10,1918 
 Mar. 11,1918 
 
 Mar. 13,1916 
 
 Do. 
 Mar. 14,1916 
 
 Do. 
 Mar. 16,1916 
 Mar. 17,1916 
 Mar. 20,1916 
 
 Do. 
 Mar. 6, 1916 
 
 Do. 
 Mar. 16,1916 
 Mar. 16,1915 
 
 Do. 
 Mar. 21,1916 
 Mar. 25,1916 
 
 lo. 
 
 Mar. 27,1916 
 Apr. 4, 1916 
 Apr. 3, 1916 
 
 Do. 
 May 14,1915 
 9, 1915 
 18,1915 
 23, 1915 
 
 2. 1915 
 18, 1915 
 15,1915 
 
 9. 1916 
 17,1915 
 
 Sept. 14, 1915 
 July ;21, 1915 
 July 17,1915 
 Dec. 29,1915 
 Dec. 23,1915 
 Dec. 29,1915 
 
 May 7, 1915 
 Mar. 28,1915 
 Mar. 27,1915 
 Mar. 20,1916 
 
 Do. 
 Mar. 25,1916 
 Mar. 24,1918 
 Sept. 23, 1915 
 May 19,1915 
 Mar. ,25,1916 
 Mar. 28,1916 
 Feb. 16,1918 
 Oct. 6,1915 
 May 6, 1915 
 Apr. 5, 1916 
 Mar. 29,1916 
 
 Nov. 
 Jan. 
 Dec. 
 Apr. 
 May 
 Feb. 
 Apr. 
 Apr. 
 
 Jan. 22,1916 
 Mar. 13,1916 
 
 ■ Unconditional. 
 
 2 Report, May 10, 1915; May 13, 1915. 
 s Report, Apr. 7, 1916; Apr. 13, 1915. 
 < Suit instituted. 
 
 6 Further report requested, but not yet received. 
 
 « Conditional. 
 
 ' Unconditional; reconsidered . 
 
100 
 
 FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OF INDIANS. 
 
 Q 3.6 'S 
 
 IN O O O O C 
 
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FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OF INDIANS. 
 
 101 
 
 
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FIVE CIVILIZED TBIBES OF INDIiNS. 151 
 
 Mr. Campbell. Is not one of the principal causes of delay in ap- 
 proving oil leases the change of regulations between the time when 
 the application is made and the time that the field agent makes his 
 recommendations and the time when the matter is disposed of by 
 the department? 
 
 Mr. Carteb. Mr. Meritt, will you let your statement show not only 
 tlio time when the commissioner made his decision, but the time 
 when it was transmitted back to the superintendent and the time 
 it got back into the hands of the fellow who made the application? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. What was your question, Mr. Campbell? 
 
 Mr. Cajipbell. My question was if the change of regulations was 
 not a very prolific cause of delay in the approval of leases. 
 
 Ml-. Meriit. No, sir; I do not believe that the change of regula- 
 tions has seriously retarded the approval of leases. 
 
 Mr. Campbell,. Have not applications come into the bureau under 
 one series of regulations and been approved under a subsequent 
 series of regulations promulgated by the department or sent back 
 and made to conform to subsequent regulations? 
 
 Mr. jVIeriti'. That has not occurred very frequently. 
 
 ^ii'. Campbell. I think it occiu-red quite frequently a few years 
 ago. 
 
 Ml-. Carter. I can tell of one case where it occurred to me. I 
 started out to buy 100 acres of land and I purchased a little surface 
 lot of a wliite man. That application went to a land office, and it 
 was forwarded to the Commissioner of the Five Civilized Tribes at 
 Muskogee, and he recommended the matter to the Interior Depart- 
 ment, and the regulation M'as not changed when the application 
 reached the Interior Department, but after the application reached 
 the Interior Department the regulation was changed before action 
 was taken on it, and the woman was prevented from filing on this 
 land. Before the application got back the woman died, and a little 
 child was bom at the date of her death, and I found out when I 
 got back that I had paid my $1,200 for 100 acres of land for which I 
 could not get title until that child got to be 21 years of age, and it 
 was just born. 
 
 Mr. Murray. Mr. Chairman, I want to suggest that the definition 
 of " grafter " is a man who deals in Indian lands. 
 
 Mr. Campbell. Every man in Oklahoma who gets an oil lease or 
 a lease of land is immediately constituted a land grafter. 
 
 Mr. Murray. Mr. Parker, at Muskogee, has chai-ge of reuioval of 
 restrictions, conditional and unconditional? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. 
 
 Mr. Murray. Both of which are approved here? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. 
 
 Mr. Murray. They have the question of approval of oil leases ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. 
 
 Mr. Murray. And of agricultural and grazing leases ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. 
 
 Mr. Murray. And of sales Avhere the allottee has had his condi- 
 tions removed conditionally? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. 
 
 Mr. Murray. And where the field agent goes out and improves the 
 farm of a restricted Indian and he buys lumber and hires a carpenter 
 to build a house, those payments are approved here, are they not? 
 
152 FIVE CIVILIZED IHIBES OF INDIANS. 
 
 Mr. Meritt. We give to the superintendent general authority in 
 those matters. • . 
 
 Mr. MiTERAT. In all those general questions some ot them are ot 
 more moment than others, or there is greater danger of graft in 
 them than in others ? ; 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Some of them are more important than others. 
 
 Mr. Murray. In other words, in the question of agricultural leases 
 vou feel that you can rely on the agent on them? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. ^Ye have given the superintendent authority to ap- 
 prove the agricultural leases that formerly came to the department. 
 
 Mr. Mtjrrat. That can be done, you think, with safety ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. We do not require legislation to do that, because 
 
 Mr. MuRRAr. Could not that also be done in the payment of these 
 accounts for carpenters? _ . 
 
 Mr. Meritt. We give the superintendent now general authority 
 in those matters. 
 
 Mr. MuRRAT. I was not aware of that. You have the authority 
 and you have extended that authority ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. 
 
 Mr. Murray. The removal of restrictions where it is made con- 
 ditionally is of less importance than where it goes to sale of land; 
 would you not think so? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. 
 
 Mr. MuT?RAY. Assuming that you would not permit them to sell 
 land without an approval up here, Avould there be any objection to 
 permitting him to remove the restrictions conditionally without per- 
 mitting him 
 
 Mr. Meritt. We feel that ^\'hen we remove the restrictions off the 
 land of an Indian, that is a very important matter, and that the 
 action of the superintendent of Indian reservations in regard to a 
 matter of that importance, in ^•iew of the general local conditions, 
 should be supervised by superior officers. 
 
 Mr. Murray. Here is what I want to get at. Some of these ques-. 
 tions are more important than others. 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. 
 
 Mr. Murray. There is no doubt of that. What I was trying to 
 get at was whether there was some line by which it would be per- 
 fectly satisfactory and safe for the work to be completed down 
 there, although assuming that you would not agree that all of it 
 be done. To what extent would the department be willing to let 
 everything be wound up down there, and to what extent would it 
 curtail the authority of the department up here? In other words, 
 would you be willing to go any further than those grazing and 
 agi'icultural leases and the payment of counsel ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. So far as I am personally concerned, and so far as 
 I ha\e authority to speak for the department — of course, the com- 
 missioner and the Secretaiy have final authority on these matters— 
 I would see no objection to the Superintendent of the Five Civilized 
 Tribes having absolute jurisdiction regarding the investment of the 
 funds of Indians up to a certain amount, say $2,500. Some of 
 those Indians have incomes of $500 a day from oil royalties ; and I 
 would think that it would be unwise to give the superintendent abso- 
 lute authority over the investment of such a large sum of money it 
 
FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OF INDIANS. 153 
 
 local reul estate or loenl investments. 80 far as the removal of 
 restrictions is concerned, I think that every removal-of-restrictions 
 case should be reviewed by some other authority than the Superin- 
 tendent of the Five Civilized Tribes before final action is taken. 
 So far as oil and gas leases are concerned, I feel that where there 
 are no contests the Superintendent of the Five Civilized Tribes might 
 well be given authority — fuial authority — to act foi' the Secretary 
 in the approval of oil and gas mining leases without sending those 
 leases to the department. 
 
 Mr. MuEKAT. What would be the objection to permitting him to 
 remove restrictions, since the removal of the restrictions does not 
 make it taxable and it can not be sold ? Assuming that you reserve 
 the authority to approve the sale, he can not sell it. The restriction 
 remains until he gets the approval up here, and yet it is not taxable. 
 What harm could arise from permittmg him to do that ? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. I believe that the department would prefer that these 
 cases be passed upon by a commission to be appointed by the Secre- 
 tary rather than to vest the superintendent with final authority. 
 
 The Chairman. Do you think it would be possible for this com- 
 mittee to appoint a subcommittee of three or five members to meet 
 with the department and see how close they could come together on 
 this proposition so as to define clearly the jurisdiction of the Com- 
 missioner of the Five Civilized Tribes retaining such jurisdiction as 
 you desire here and giving him definite jurisdiction there? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. I think that would be a very happy solution of the 
 matter. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. How many men are there under the Indian Office, 
 under the Superintendent of the Five Civilized Tribes? 
 
 Mr. Mekitt. About 300. May I give the exact number later in the 
 record? I find the exact number to be 279 employees under Supt. 
 Parker, also 161 employees in tribal school work, in addition to 19 
 probate attorneys, making a total of 459 employees in the Five Civi- 
 lized Tribes. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. In your statement the other day you enlarged upon 
 the probate conditions in Oklahoma for the last three or four years 
 past. Thisbill would not affect that at all, would it? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. This bill would give the Superintendent of the Five 
 Civilized Tribes absolute jurisdiction over all individual Indian 
 
 Mr. Hastings. But this bill would retain all probate attorneys, 
 would it not ? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir. . . 
 
 Mr. Hastings. So that it does not remove any supervision over any 
 any Indian's estate, does it? ,,.,.„ u , j 
 
 Mr Meeitt. The probate attorneys under this bill would be under 
 the jurisdiction of the Superintendent of the Five Civilized Tribes 
 rather than that of the Secretary of the Interior and the Commis- 
 sioner of Indian Affairs. , ^ ^j. .u 4. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. But you would have the probate attorneys there yet, 
 
 ^ Mr. ^feEiTT. The probate attorneys would be there, but they would 
 not be under the jurisdiction of the Secretary. 
 
154 FIVE CIVILIZED TKIBJSS OF INDIANS. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. They would be there in Oklahoma, and their duties 
 would be to look after these matters the same as now. This would 
 not change that law at all ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. That is true, but we should bear in mind in that con^ 
 nection that these probate attorneys are not under civil service. Prac- 
 tically all of them are appointed from the State of Oklahoma. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. You made a good long reference here to the sale of 
 inherited lands. This bill would not change that at all, would it ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. No, sir. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. You have made a good long reference in your state- 
 ment to wills and gave some cases. This bill would not change the law 
 of wills at all, would it ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. This law would change the methods of sale of Indian 
 lands in so far as it now requires the approval of the Secretary of the 
 Interior. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. Is thei'e any la^v now that requires the approval of 
 the Secretary of the Interior upon the sale of inherited lands? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Where the heirs are of full blood. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. Now? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. I think so. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. No, sir; you are mistaken about that. There is no 
 such law, and it does not change it in that respect at all ; and if you 
 will look it up, you will change your statement. 
 
 Mr. Meritt. I find that there is a court decision on that question : 
 
 We formerly approved deeds where the interests ot full-blood heirs were iu- 
 vijlved. In the decision of the United Slates court of appeals, eighth circuit, iu 
 the case of United States v. Knight & Avery (206 Fed., 145), in referring to 
 section 9 of the act of May 27, 1908 (.35 Stat. L.. 312), it was held that the ap- 
 proval of the Secretary of the Interior was not necessary to the validity of the 
 conveyance of any interest of a full-blood Indian heir in lands allotted to an 
 ancestor who died prior to Jtay 27, 1908. Attention is invited to the exception 
 in the second proviso contained in section 9 of the act of Jlay 27, 1908, supra, 
 which section reads as follows : 
 
 " Sec. 9. That the death of any allottee of the Five Civilized Tribes shall 
 operate to remove all restrictions upon the alienation of said allottee's land: 
 Provided, That no conveyance of any interest of aiiy full-bU)od Indian heir in 
 such land shall be valid unless sipproved bj- the court having jurisdiction of the 
 settlement of the estate of said deceased allottee : Proridrd further, That if any 
 member of the Five Civilized Tribes of one-half or more Indian blood shall die 
 leaving issue sur\-iving, born since March fourth, nineteen hundred and six, the 
 homestead of such deceased allottee shall remain inalienable, unless restrictions 
 against alienation are removed therefrom by the Seci-etary of the Interior in 
 the manner provided in section one hereof, for the use and support of such issue, 
 during their life or lives, until April twenty-sixth, nineteen hundred and thirty- 
 one ; but if no such issue survive, then such allottee, if an adult, may dispose of 
 his homestead by will free from all restrictions ; and if this be not done, or in 
 tlie event the issue hereinbefcjre provided for die before April twenty-sixth, 
 nineteen hundred and thirty-one, the land shall then descend to the heirs, ac- 
 cording to the laws of descent and distribution of the State of Oklahoma, free 
 from all restrictions: Provided further. That the provisions of section twenty- 
 three of the act of April twenty-sixth, nineteen huiidred and six, as amended by 
 this act, are hereby made applicable to all wills executed under this section." 
 
 Mr. Davenport. The Knight- A \ery case in the United States court 
 of appeals settled that. That held that the Secretary of the Interior 
 did not have to approve the disposition of inherited "lands. 
 
 Mr. Hasting. This bill does not remove restrictions from the lands 
 of any restricted Indian, does it? The only thing accomplished by 
 this bill is to remove the place where the appro\'al shall be made from 
 an office here in Washington City to practically 1,.500 miles away, to 
 
FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OF INDIANS. 155 
 
 the office of the Superintendent of the Five Civilized Tribes. In a 
 nutshell that is what is intended to be accomplished by this bill, is it 
 not? 
 
 Mr. Mekitt. I think the passage of this bill would tend to a more 
 general removal of restrictions. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. There are restrictions upon the homesteads of the 
 Indians enrolled as of half Indian blood and upon the surplus lands 
 of Indians enrolled as of three-quarters and more of Indian blood. 
 This bill does not attempt to remove restrictions from one single 
 acre of that land, does it? 
 
 Mr. Mekitt. No, sir; this bill Avithin itself does not remove re- 
 strictions. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. It changes the supervision over the individual 
 Indian and gives it to the Superintendent "of the Five Civilized 
 Tribes at Muskogee, does it not? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. It takes away what we call the checks and balances 
 which are necessarv to protect the Indians of the Five Civilized 
 Tribes. 
 
 Mr. J^0RT0^^ May I inquire there, do you know A\'ho has super- 
 vision over the removal of restrictions? 
 
 Mr. Hastings. Let me state it, and if I misstate it you can correct 
 me. You have stated it three or four times. In the first place, these 
 three or four hundred men who are under the Superintendent of the 
 Fi^e Civilized Tribes are either there at the office in Muskogee or are 
 scattered at convenient places all over Oklahoma among the Five 
 Civilized Tribes, and some of these persons are known as field clerks. 
 The individual Indian goes to a field clerk in person and makes 
 application for the removal of his restrictions. The clerk takes the 
 testimony of the Indian at length. That field clerk reports upon it 
 to the Superintendent of the Five Civilized Tribes at Muskogee. I 
 presume that it goes through some bureau in his office there, and then 
 this report is made by the Superintendent of the Five Civilized 
 Tribes and is mailed to the Indian Office here in Washington. It 
 goes to the proper bureau here in the office of the Commissioner of 
 Indian Affairs, and there it is reviewed, and presumably it goes before 
 the Assistant Commissioner of Indian Affairs or the (Commissioner of 
 Indian Affairs, and fi-om that then it goes over to the Secretary of 
 the Interior, and it does not go to the Secretary's desk but upon the 
 desk of the Assistant Secretary or some man in the Secretary's office, 
 and it is either approved or disapproved. Then it goes back over 
 the same route that it came, namely, through the Indian Office and 
 through the Superintendent of the Five Civilized Tribes, and finally 
 the individual Indian is notified. In substance, that is the procedure, 
 is it not? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. 
 
 Mr. Norton. Now, in the case of removing restrictions from the 
 lands of the Indian under your bill, would not that be finally passed 
 upon by the Superintendent of the Five Civilized Tribes, whereas 
 under existing law it is passed upon by the Commissioner of Indian 
 Affairs? 
 
 Mr. Hastings. Yes, sir. It does not remove any restrictions, 
 though. It does not change existing law except as to where it shall 
 be approved. The restrictions are retained upon all the land unless 
 thev are removed by the Superintendent of .the Five Civilized 
 
156 FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OF INDIANS. 
 
 Tribes; under this bill, are they not removed, if this bill should be 
 enacted into law? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. It would require affirmative action before the restric- 
 tions would be removed. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. Now, Mr. Meritt, as a matter of fact in Oklahoma, 
 and particularly in the Cherokee Nation, there was $325.G0 given to 
 each member of the Cherokee Tribe as his allotment. That allot- 
 ment was not taken all together. The applicant went into the land 
 office to select his allotment, and, for illustration, 30 acres of it may 
 have been in gne block, 40 acres in another, 20 acres in another, and 
 10 acres may have been in another; or it may have been allotted all 
 in one body. Now, then, if an old, decrepit Indian has 10 acres of 
 .^0-cent land, or 20 acres of $1 land or of $2 land, as the case may be, 
 and he is sick and poor and needy, and he goes before the local 
 office to have his restrictions removed on this particular 20 acres or 
 10 acres, th;it has to go the same course, does it not, through a local 
 field clerk, to the Superintendent of the Five Civilized Tribes and 
 the Coniinissioner of Indian Affairs, etc., that any other application 
 hat-, tf> i!'o through? 
 
 Mr. Meiutt. Yes, sir. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. Then the restrictions can not be removed off of 
 even 10 acres for any member of the Five Civilized Tribes without 
 going through this same course, can it ? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. No, sir. But wherever an Indian is sick we make the 
 case special, and there is no delay in handling it. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. Yes; but it necessarily takes longer if it goes 
 through the local office and through the Superintendent of the Five 
 Civilized Tribes, and then passes to the Commissioner of Indian 
 Affairs and goes over to the Secretary and then comes back around, 
 than if final action was had by the superintendent, does it not? 
 
 Mr. JNIeritt. It will take probably 10 days longer. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. This bill was introduced on December 6. You have 
 given the authority to the Superintendent of the Five Civilized 
 Tribes to approve agricultural leases, have you not ? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. Why was not that ever given before? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. We asked for legislation, and that legislation went out 
 on a point of order. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. But you never did see fit to give the local man 
 authority to approve these agricultural leases before, did you? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. No, sir. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. The record shows that there are 7,600 letters re- 
 ceived by the Superintendent of the Five Civilized Tribes, and 
 7,042 forwarded to the department. If this legislation was enacted 
 would there not be a great saving of the clerical force in the prepara- 
 tion of these letters ? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir; there would be considerable saving in corf- 
 respondence. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. There would be considerable saving. 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. That would apply to every Indian reservation in the 
 United States. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. Would there not be a great saving to the Indian 
 Office here in the reviewing of these reports that come from the 
 
FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OF INDIANS. 157 
 
 Superintendent of the Five Civilized Tribes, if that authority were 
 left there? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. Mr. Meritt, has there been any protest by any In- 
 dian who is a member of the Five Civilized Tribes by blood against 
 the enactment of this legislation since it was introduced on the 6th 
 of December, the first day Congress convened ? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. Not within my knowledge. I do not belie\e that the 
 Indian Office has received any letters either in favor of the legisla- 
 tion or against it. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. With reference to the claims paid out of restricted 
 money, no claim, as I understand it, can be paid unless the authority 
 is given in advance of the filing of the claim or secured afterwards; 
 is that correct ? If the claim is paid, for instance, out of restricted 
 money — take, for instance, this kind of a case, that a restricted In- 
 dian has money that he has derived either from oil or from the sale 
 of his lands or from one of these per capita payments or from any 
 source, can any claim be paid out of restricted moneys where the 
 authority has not been previously granted here by the Indian Office, 
 without the authority being granted after the claim is filed ? I hope 
 I have made myself clear to you. In some cases, as I understand it, 
 if an application for the removal of restrictions is made, and made for 
 a certain specific purpose stated in the application, the authority is 
 oftentimes granted in advance. But suppose the authority is not 
 granted in advance, is the Superintendent of the Five Civilized 
 Tribes now, under your present rule, authorized to pay any claim out 
 of restricted money? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. The superintendent has already been given general 
 authority for the purpose of handling individual Indian funds, and 
 he has authority under the existing regulations to pay out moneys of 
 Indians deposited to the credit of those Indians. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. When was he given that authority? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. At various dates. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. When was the last one, Mr. Commissioner? Has 
 he received any since the introduction of this bill? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. No, sir. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. Is it true that the Superintendent of the Five Civi- 
 lized Tribes, without the authority having been previouly granted, 
 has now authority, say, to pay a claim for a horse that is purchased, 
 or for groceries, or for any other purpose, out of restricted moneys 
 
 of Indians? . 
 
 Mr. Meritt. I should say that he would have that authority under 
 the regulations now existing. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. And you are not able to tell us when these last regu- 
 lations were made? 1 ^ n ,T , . 
 Mr. Meritt. I have here a copy of a regulation dated March o, 
 1915, which reads as follows : 
 
 Depaktment of the Intebiob, 
 
 Office of Indian Affaies, 
 Washington, D. C, March 6, 1915. 
 
 To all disbursing officers of the Indian Service: 
 
 Section 9 (B) of the Regulations Concerning the Handling of Individual 
 Indian Money, approved July 14, 1913, is hereby promulgated as follows : 
 
 " Superintendents are authorized to expend funds of adult depositors for use 
 in constructing, repairing, and equipping houses, barns, out-buildings, fences, 
 
158 FIVE CIVILIZED TKIBES OF INDIANS. 
 
 corrals, wells, and other similar necessary improvements when placed upon 
 their allotments. Expenditures under this section .shall be reported in the 
 quarterly accounts, and this section referred to as the authority for the 
 expenditure." 
 
 Please acknowledge receipt of this circular and paste same between pages 4 
 and 5 of your book of Regulations Concerning the Handling of Individual 
 Indian Money. 
 
 Respectfully, E. B. Meritt, 
 
 Assistant Commissioner. 
 Approved, March 15, 1915. 
 
 A. A. Jones, 
 First Assistant Secretary. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. That is as to authority given in advance for im- 
 provements upon an allotment. But here is a claim, for instance, 
 that a merchant has against a restricted Indian, or here is, say, 
 one Indian kills another, and he has some money and he wants to 
 hire a lawyer to defend him for $100 or $200, as the case may be, 
 but he has nothing but restricted money, would the superintendent 
 have authority to pay that without the approval of the department? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Amendment to section SLXA) , dated March 6, 1915, 
 reads as follows: "-— i.;., 
 
 Department of the Interior, — ■ 
 
 Office of Indian Affairs, 
 Washington, D. C, March 6, 1915. 
 To all disbursing officers of the Indian Service: 
 
 Section 9 (A) of the Regulations Concerning the Handling of Individual 
 Indian Money, approved July 14, 1913, is hereby amended to read as follows : 
 
 "All emergency needs not provided for in other sections of these regulations 
 may be met by the superintendent without securing specific authority. Ex- 
 penditures under this section shall be reported in the quarterly accounts, and- 
 this section referred to as the authority for the expenditure." 
 
 Please acknowledge receipt of this circular and paste same between pages 4 
 and 5 of your book of Regulations Concerning the Handling of Individual 
 Indian Money. 
 
 Respectfully, _ E. B. Meritt, 
 
 Assistant Commissioner. 
 Approved, March 15, 1915. 
 
 A. A. Jones, 
 First Assistant Secretary^,y 
 
 Mr. Hastings. Then, if it was not considered an emergency, he 
 would have no authority to pay it ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir; because the other regulation which I just 
 read gave general authority for the expenditure of money for im- 
 provements. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. Then suppose it is not for improvements and it is 
 not regarded as an emergency, would it not in that case be sent to 
 the department for approval? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. We have been exceedingly liberal with our superin- 
 tendents in regard to the handling of individual Indian moneys, and 
 they have very broad authority under existing regulations. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. Suppose an Indian wanted to buy a team of horses, 
 and he had some restricted money, and he had n6t the previous au- 
 thority from the department here; could that be paid with the ap- 
 proval of the Superintendent for the Five Civilized Tribes, or would 
 It be forwarded to the department here for approA al ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. No, sir; the superintendent now would have authority 
 under the general regulations of the department to make that pur- 
 chase. ^ 
 
FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OF INDIANS. 159 
 
 Mr. Hastings. Then, as I understand it, you make the statement 
 now that the Superintendent of the Fi^'8 Civilized Tribes has the 
 authority to pay for any claim of any kind or character out of the 
 restricted moneys belonging to a member of the Five Civilized 
 Tribes? 
 
 Mr. Mekitt. I do not remember making any such statement. 
 
 Mr. Hasti>;gs. Well, that is what T am trying to get at. Is that 
 a fact? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. I would not want to make a broad statement like 
 that, because we are very careful to see that all debts contracted by 
 Indians — all alleged debts contracted by Indians — are not paid with- 
 out being very carefully considered. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. Who passes upon that? Do these alleged accounts 
 have to come up here for approval first? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. If they amounted to any very large sum, we would 
 expect the superintendent to take the matter up with the office. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. What claims are sent here for approval and what 
 claims are not sent here for approval to be paid out of the moneys of 
 restricted Indians? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. There are \ery few claims sent here for approval. 
 Supt. Parker has deposited to the credit of indi\idual Indians in 
 local banks money amounting to about $5,000,000. He has invested 
 hundreds of thousands of dollars of Indian funds in Oklahoma with- 
 out first procuring the consent of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs 
 or the Secretary of the Interior. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. That is not the question I am asking you. I am try- 
 ing to find out what chiims are required to be sent here, and not how 
 much money he has deposited in bank. I am trying to find out what 
 claims are required to be sent here for approval — that is the ques- 
 tion — to be paid out of moneys of the Indians. 
 
 Mr. Meeiti'. "Where an Indian has employed a lawyer and agreed 
 to pay him quite a large sum of money I think the superintendent 
 would send a proposition like that here for approval : but the super- 
 intendent has general authority to handle cases that may arise, or 
 first submit those cases to the Indian Office. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. Does he have to submit these accounts ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir; he has to submit these accounts finally to 
 
 y the department. - — ■ -— " " ~^ 
 
 I- — Mr. S js j tde r. "You say that under the general rule in the depart- 
 ment the superintendent has general authority to handle moneys in 
 these matters ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. 
 
 Mr. Sntder. Well, does he handle them ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. 
 
 Mr. Sntder. What proportion does he handle, as to the whole 
 
 I number ? ,.-,,, ,^,^ 
 
 Mr. Meritt. I should say that he handles at this time probably 90 
 per cent of the in-vesting and spending of the funds of Indians with- 
 out first procuring authority from the Indian Office except in a 
 
 'general way,„„ _„„. ~ .—»— -— — — -^., __ 
 
 Mr. Snyder. Then, on those occasions all the department does here 
 is to take the final account and place it in their files? 
 
 Mr. Sntder. Then on those 90 per cent the department itself has 
 to take the final account, and deals with it in that way? 
 
160 FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OF INDIANS. 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir; the department takes up the accounts to see 
 if they are in proper formf. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. Referring now to the oil leases, I believe you sug- 
 gested in an answer to a question propounded to you that the vast 
 majority of the leases went through hurriedly and were uncontested'. 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. About what per cent of those leases are contested? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. I would say not exceeding 10 per cent. ', ., 
 
 Mr. Hastings. Do you not think that is too large a percentage? 
 Do you believe that the percentage is more than 5 or even more than 
 3; that more than 3 per cent of those oil leases that come here for 
 approval are contested? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. I wanted to be conservative in my statement in re- 
 gard to the matter, and therefore I said not to exceed 10 per cent. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. After giving the matter a little thought, do you 
 think that it amounts to 5 per cent ? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. Probably not over 5 per cent. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. Then, Mr. Meritt, I want to ask you what possible 
 objection there could be to allowing the uncontested leases, say 90 
 or 95 per cent, to be approved by the superintendent ? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. I said this morning that so far as I am concerned, 
 personally, I would have no objection to that. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. Then you have no objection to the superintendent's 
 approving the agricultural leases? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. No, sir. ■ 
 
 Mr. Hastings. Then you would have no objection to the superin- 
 tendent at the other end of the line paying all claims out of the re- 
 stricted Indian moneys? You say in effect that is the way it is 
 now ? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. Not to exceed $2,500. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. Not to exceed $2,500. Then, the only objection you 
 could have to this bill is that you insist on contested matters com- 
 ing here, and the approval of the removal of restrictions? 
 
 Mr. Dbmpsey. The payment of claims above $2,500. 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. Investments involving a large sum of money. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. Over $2,500? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. Then you think if an Indian has 10 acres or 20 
 acres of land, and desires to have the restrictions removed from 
 them, and the land will not be worth over $25 or $50, that that 
 ought to pass by the Superintendent of the Five Civilized Tribes 
 and come doAvn here for approval, although that land may be dis- 
 connected from the land upon which he lives, and may be in another 
 county, and never lived upon by the Indian ? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. I think so, inasmuch as it would only take about 10 
 days additional, and also in view of the fact that we have other re- 
 stricted allotments that are worth a quarter of a million dollars, and 
 where there are all kinds of efforts made to get control of it. 
 
 In speaking of the 10 acres not to exceed a small value, we should 
 bear in mind that there are also other allotments of very great value. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. Mr. Meritt, do you not think that if these smaller 
 rnatters were taken away from the office of the Commissioner of In- 
 dian Affairs that the Commissioner of Indian Affairs and his assist- 
 
FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OF INDIANS. 161 
 
 ants and the force under him would have more time to deal with the 
 larger questions, with questions in regard to the policy of the Gov- 
 ernment toward the Indians '^ Do you not think they could give more 
 attention to those matters if they did not have so many of the details 
 to look after? 
 
 Mr. Mekitt. The conunissioner does not now take up any time in 
 the handling of these details. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. The truth about the matter is, Mr. Meritt, that ex- 
 cepting in very exceptional cases the Commissioner of Indian Affairs 
 does not look after any of these matters we have been discussing, 
 does he? 
 
 Mr. INIeeitt. Not vevy many of the cases now go to the Commis- 
 sioner of Indian Affairs, because the work of the office has been 
 divided up among the various officers. 
 
 Air. Hastings. Has he ever approved, within the last six months, 
 the removal of restrictions in any case — that is, by his own personal 
 action? 
 
 Mr. AIeritt. I think he has approved a few cases, but a majority 
 of the cases 
 
 Mr. Hastings (interposing). What per cent of cases? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. A ^'ery few of them. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. One out of a thousand? 
 
 jSIr. INIeeitt. I should say probably that would be the case. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. They go over your desk, finally, so far as the Indian 
 Office is concerned? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. How about Secretary Lane? Do you recall his 
 having approved one of them? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. Under the assignment of work in the Interior Depart- 
 ment Indian matters go to the Assistant Secretary of the Interior, 
 Mr. Sweeney. 
 
 Mv. HASTINGS. Those matters come under the Assistant Secretary 
 of the Interior? 
 
 Mr. jMeeitt. Yes, sir. 
 
 i\Ir. Hastings. The truth of the matter is that the Secretary of 
 the Interior himself does not do any of that work; is that not true? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. Very little of it. 
 
 The Chaie.man. If those matters go over the desk of an assistant, 
 why could not the assistant be located in Oklahoma, as you suggested 
 this morning? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. I was suggesting that as a substitute, and I said if 
 legislatiori must be enacted along the lines of the Hastings bill, in 
 order to protect the interest of the Indian, the Secretary of the Inte- 
 rior ought to have authority to name an official to be located at Mus- 
 kogee to supervise the work of the present superintendent in con- 
 nection with these important matters. 
 
 The Ciiaikjian. And that, you think, would remove the objection 
 to the present condition of affairs? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. I want to state, however, that I am not suggesting 
 that with the authority of the commissioner or of the Secretary of 
 the Interior, but I am simply suggesting it upon my own authority. 
 
 The Chairman. You suggest it as one solution of this question? 
 
 Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir. 
 38147—16 11 
 
162 FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OF INDIANS. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. Mr. Meritt, you filed here a protest by the Secre- 
 tary of the Interior. I do not want to embarrass you, if this ques- 
 tion will embarrass you. But I would like to ask you, if you know, 
 who prepared that protest, whether or not it was prepared in the 
 Indian Office? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Inasmuch as the Secretary of the Interior signed that 
 communication, Mr. Hastings, I believe it would not be proper for 
 me to answer your question. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. I do not want to embarrass you in asking the ques- 
 tion, and you need not answer it if you think it will embarrass you. 
 Mr. Meritt, I am very deeply interested in the success of the Indians. 
 It has been my judgment and the judgment of a great many of us 
 who tliink as I do about this matter that there ought to be more men 
 located in the offices throughout Oklahoma, in the nature of expert 
 farmers, who would go out upon the farms and assist in educating 
 the full-blood Indian how to improve his farm, how to take care of 
 himself, to make him self-reliant, and we think that this $176,000 
 which is appropriated to be used down there could be better used 
 by employing more expert farmers, who would ^come in close touch 
 with the full-blood Indian himself, than by using that money in the 
 employment of stenographers and a clerical force in the office, who 
 are engaged in sending these 7,650 letters here to the department 
 and receiving 7,694 letters from the department, checking them up 
 and placing them in the Mails and Files Division, and answering 
 all of the 144,000 letters received by the Superintendent of the Five 
 Civilized Tribes at Muskogee. Do you not believe if the Superin- 
 tendent of the Five Civilized Tribes had more authority, that the 
 amount of correspondence would be largely reduced, and that the 
 clerical force could be reduced to a large extent and that you could 
 have a larger field force to look after the welfare of the Indian, such 
 as I have indicated? 
 
 Mr. Mebitt. Mr. Hastings, if you want my candid view of this 
 matter I will say I believe if, this bill should pass the correspondence 
 of the office of the Superintendent of the Five Civilized Tribes would 
 materially increase rather than decrease, and also the letters that 
 are written from the office of the Superintendent of the Five Civil- 
 ized Tribes, except the reports that are made to the Commissioner of 
 Indian Affairs which would still have to be written in connection 
 with the regular business of the office. 
 
 Mr. Caktee. How many employees has the Superintendent of the 
 Five Civilized Tribes under his supervision now? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. He has about 300. 
 
 Mr. Carter. I noticed in your statement which you furnished on 
 the request of the Indian Committee you set out about 430 Indian 
 positions for the Five Civilized Tribes in Oklahoma ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. I stated this morning that I would put the exact 
 number of positions in the record. 
 
 Mr. Carter. You have stated there are about 430 of them, and 
 there are about 15 or 20 tribal positions, which would make a total 
 of about 450 officials for, the Five Tribes, the salaries of many of 
 whom are paid from tribal funds. 
 
 Mr. Meritt. From tribal funds? 
 
 Mr. Carter. Yes. 
 
FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OF INDIANS. 163 
 
 Mr. Meritt. I think that statement is not exactly correct, Mr. 
 Carter, because Congress maltes an appropriation of $175,000 out of 
 the Ireasury of the United States for administrative purposes, and 
 a large number of employees are paid out of that fund. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Congress makes an appropriation of $175,000 for 
 an administrative force and an appropriation of $85,000 for probate 
 work. 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. 
 
 Mr. Carter. In addition to that you have a great number of school 
 employees who are paid out of the tribal funds, and all of the tribal 
 officials are paid out of the tribal funds. 
 
 Mr. Meritt. My statement was approximately limited to the office 
 of the superintendent of the Five Civilized Tribes, but, of course, 
 the schools of the Five Civilized Tribes do not come under the im- 
 mediate direction of Supt. Parker. 
 Mr. Carter. It would make about 450 employees? 
 Mr. Meritt. Probably so. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Has JMr. Parker law clerks in his office ? 
 Mr. Meritt. He has a few law clerks. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Do they advise him in regard to the legality of the 
 various transactions which are reported to you ? 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Wliat means has the Secretary of the Interior or the 
 Commissioner of Indian Affairs to determine the competency of an 
 Indian or to determine the necessities of that Indian and the condi- 
 tion of his family, and the necessities developed by the condition of 
 his family for immediate funds, other than that furnished him by 
 the Office of the Superintendent of the Five Civilized Tribes? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. We have in addition to that the rolls of the Five 
 Civilized Tribes, which show the degree of Indian blood. 
 
 "i\Ir. Carter. What information would the rolls give you in regard 
 to the condition of the family and competency of the Indian ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. The degree of Indian blood has a considerable to do 
 in a large number of cases with the competency of the Indians. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Practically everybody interested in these matters has 
 a copy of the rolls. 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. 
 
 Mr. Carter. We have two or three sets in my office, showing the 
 ' degree of Indian blood and the age of the Indian, but that does not 
 show you anything about the Indian's competency, nor does it show 
 you anything about the necessities of the family for the money pro- 
 ceeds of the land which the Indian desires to sell, does it? 
 Mr. Meritt. We depend largely upon the recommendations of the 
 i superintendent, and the record as it comes from the superintendent's 
 : office. 
 
 Mr. Carter. I believe you told us this afternoon that these re- 
 i movals are passed upon in 15 days ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. 
 
 e Mr. Carter. I have had up three cases within the last 15 or 20 
 
 II days; one of them the Matilda Manning case, which had been under 
 
 gj consideration for many days. Then I had the case of the Ervin 
 
 boys and their sister, which had been under consideration for many 
 
 days, and now returned because the application was filed with the 
 
164 FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OF INDIAJSTS. 
 
 superintendent, who had known them all his life, and not with the 
 field clerk, who perhaps did not know them at all. 
 
 Now, I have before me the case of Noah Watson, which has been 
 under consideration for a year and a half. Early last spring Noah 
 Watson made application to have a part of his land sold in order 
 that he might build a house to live in during this winter. He rented 
 out the house he then had and moved into a tent, I am informed, 
 thinking that he would certainly get his money in time to build his 
 house this winter. He did that last spring, and he felt sure that he 
 would have the money in ample time to build his house so that he could 
 live in it the past winter. It is now March, 11 months have passed, 
 and Mr. Watson might still be living in a tent but for the fact that 
 he had sufficient business capacity to provide a house for his family 
 without assistance from the Indian Bureau. 
 
 Mr. MERiTr. I think, Mr. Carter, if you will investigate those 
 cases you will find the delay was not in the Indian Office here, but 
 in the office of the Superintendent of the Five Civilized Tribes. 
 
 Mr. Carter. That is the difficulty. Under the present system 
 responsibility for these delays can not be i^laced. I have a letter 
 from Mr. Parker, which seems to indicate that the delay is not alto- 
 gether in his office. He holds the opinion that these matters must be 
 approAed by the Seci'etary of the Interior, and I notice in your letter 
 which you sent me a few days ago that you say : " He has been au- 
 thorized to disburse funds in cases of emergency," etc. 
 
 That is on the Watson case. Those cases which I have mentioned 
 are the only three cases which have come across my desk in the last 
 10 days or 2 weeks. 
 
 All three of those cases have taken considerably longer than 15 
 days. 
 
 iVIr. Mbritt. I would be glad to put into the record the history of 
 those cases. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Will you put into the record the history of the 
 Matilda Manning case, and my letter to the commissioner ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. If you want your letter in the record, I will be glad 
 to have it included in the record. 
 
 Mr. Carter. I want the entire correspondence in the record. 
 
 The Chairjiax. I believe you asked permission to put Mr. Allen's 
 letter in the record. 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. 
 
 The Chairman. And that ])ermission was granted ? 
 
 Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. 
 
 The Chairman. If there are no further questions to be asked, 
 Mr. Meritt, I understand Mr. Davenport is here and wishes to be 
 heard. 
 
 Mr. Davenport. I would like to make a short statement. 
 
 The Chairman. We would like to have the record complete in 
 regard to this matter. You may proceed, Mr. Davenport. 
 
 STATEMENT OF HON. JAMES S. DAVENPORT, A REPRESENTATIVE 
 IN CONGRESS FROM THE STATE OF OKLAHOMA. 
 
 Mr. Davenport. Mr. Chairman and gentlemen of the committee, 
 it IS easy for me to say that I think the Hastings^ bill, or a bill 
 carrying provisions similar to those carried in the Hastings bill, 
 ought to be passed. 
 
FIVE GIVItlZED TKlJiES OF INDIANS. 165 
 
 There was one statement in the testimony of the superintendent 
 which was made here which I regret ver}' much, and which I do not 
 believe Mr. Parlcer, the superintendent, when he made it intended 
 to make. 
 
 I submitted to Mr. Parker a lease on behalf of Mr. G. C. Spillers 
 in November of last year, together with a draft guaranteeing that 
 Mr. Spillers would carry out the provisions of the lease if the lease 
 was granted to him. The matter was decided just last week, and Mr. 
 Parker returned the draft, and so it was somewhere along the line 
 from November of last year until almost the middle of March before 
 it was finally passed upon, and before Mr. Spillers knew he was 
 gc.ing to get the lease. 
 
 I have no fault to find A\'ith the department or with the Indian 
 Office here any more than with the Indian office in Oklahoma, or with 
 any other office situated at such a great distance. You can not expe- 
 dite matters at all, nor can you transact business satisfactorily 
 through the local peoj^le when all their acts have to be forwarded 
 to Washington for approval. 
 
 So far as the integrity of jNIr. Parker is concerned, he is as honest 
 as any man you will find, in my judgment, and the fact that he was 
 in Oklahoma, his native State, in no way whatever, in my judgment, 
 would affect his integrity. If it be a fact that because Mr. Parker 
 was reared down there he was selected by the Interior Department 
 to fill the position, and he is not believed to be competent, then we 
 have Mr. Meritt, who was raised right over the line in Arkansas, and 
 I know he is competent. If they want to make a change, let them 
 send Mr. Meritt down there in order that the local people may get 
 more expeditious action on the matters with which they are con- 
 cerned. 
 
 I am going to be fair with the department. I have no criticism 
 to make. But I have never yet sought, since I have been a Member 
 of Congress, to get any kind of legislation through relating to the 
 Indians in my district, which, if it sought to take any jurisdiction 
 away from the Indian Office, that the Interior Department did not 
 resist its passage. That is a broad statement, but I challenge the 
 records and I challenge the officials of the Indian Office to show in 
 any case where I tried to get legislation which sought to take juris- 
 diction away from the Indian Office that the department did not 
 resist it 
 
 Now, Mr. Chairman, I want to refer to another matter, in refer- 
 ence to the question of the removal of restrictions in that country. 
 The superintendent or some other official down there ought to have 
 the right to pass upon that question and expedite the matter. I have 
 in mind a case which Mr. Meritt will recall. That was the case of 
 Miss Vena Johnson, a young lady who was stricken with tubercu- 
 losis, and who had made application more than a year ago to get her 
 restrictions removed, and they were removed with liniitations. She 
 could not get the necessary medical treatment, with limitations on 
 the sale of her lands, as she would have to go back and forth to a 
 field clerk every little while in order to get $15, or $20 or $2o. She 
 made application in the fall to get the restrictions removed m order 
 that she might get the necessary treatment. The doctors said she 
 needed the medical treatment, and I made application personally tq 
 the Indian Office to get the necessary action taken. But before that 
 
166 FIVE CIVILIZED TEIBES OF INDIANS. 
 
 order could be changed, it had to go back and forth and there Avas 
 further investigation dovrn there in Oklahoma — before that order 
 could be changed, God, in His infinite Tvisdom removed her from 
 this earth, and the Indian Office has protected her estate in the 
 Cherokee Nation, but she is dead and gone. 
 
 If the superintendent, or somebody had been down there at Mus- 
 kogee with the necessary authority, they could have sent some man 
 to see what her condition was, and could have passed finally upon 
 the matter within less than 20 days. 
 
 The Chairman. Was the local office notified of her condition? 
 
 Mr. Davenport. They were, because I personally talked with Mr. 
 Parker about it when I was down there. 
 
 The Chairman. What reasons did he give 
 
 Mr. Davenport (interposing). It was because of the regulations, 
 Mr. Chairman. He had to send the application up here, when she 
 made application to have the restrictions removed, and then it had 
 to go back through the same channel and come back here. It is' all 
 done according to the regulations, but it seems to me that case very 
 vividly illustrates the unnecessary delay which is occasioned in these 
 cases. Nobody is to blame because it is due to the regulations under 
 which the Indian Office is operating. But if there had been some- 
 body located down there with the necessary authority that condition 
 would not have existed. 
 
 Now, I want to refer to another matter, along the line of the re- 
 moval of the restrictions where they remove them with limitations. 
 If you remove them without limitations the Indian may sell the land 
 if he pleases, and if you remove the limitations, then the depart- 
 ment sells the land through the local field clerk and the money is 
 paid into the superintendent's office and placed in some bank down 
 there, and either spent in buying a team of horses or buying a wagon, 
 and usually when they buy the horses they put the United States 
 brand on them or, perhaps, they give them $10 or $20 a month as the 
 case may be, or as they think they ought to give it to the Indian, 
 and the result is, in my opinion, that if the Indian had been given 
 all the money to spend he would have done just as well, because as 
 it is now he goes around to the field office and gets $25 this month, 
 and then he goes around again and gets $25 next month. If the 
 field man there had the necessary authority which would permit him 
 to remove the restrictions that would give the Indian an opportunity 
 to exercise his power to sell the land, or to do as he pleases with it, 
 he could accomplish something with the money; otherwise an order 
 for removal ought not to be granted at all. If the Indian is incom- 
 petent and can not handle his own money the restrictions should not 
 be removed. 
 
 I think no regulation — and I want to be fair about it — I think 
 there has been no regulation, within my knowledge, where the In- 
 dian made an application for the removal of his restrictions and 
 signed an agreement at the time the application was made that he 
 was willing for the lands to be sold through the department and 
 the money handled by the department, that the order of removal 
 was not made. I have made some investigation and have found 
 many orders of removal of restrictions with limitations have been 
 made. 
 
FIVE CIVILIZED TEIBES OF INDIANS. 167 
 
 I believe that the tidininistnition of the Indiiins' affairs down 
 in Oklahoma can be handled as successfully, as intelligently, and as 
 honestly right there on the grounds as they can be handled many 
 miles a^Yay from there. I can not see to save my life why Mr. Meritt 
 can not sit in that building that cost the Government more than 
 $500,000 to construct, and act just as honestly, and attach his name 
 just as efficiently to the final order as he can if ho sits in this artistic 
 building down here which my old-time ancestor, Col. Meigs designed 
 and helped to construct. 
 
 It seems to me no excuse has been presented to justify the depart- 
 ment in not doing something of this kind, along the lines of the 
 Hastings bill. 
 
 Mr. Chairman, I want now to refer to a matter that is somewhat 
 apart from the Hastings bill, but which is in line with a communi- 
 cation which has been filed with the committee. You gentlemen 
 know that things come up in your personal contact and dealings with 
 the departmental officers that are not always pleasant, and sometimes 
 you have to disagrte with them. I think they are efficient, and I 
 have not had very many disagreements with any of the departments 
 since I have been here. 
 
 But I do regret to see the letter written by R. C. Allen brought in 
 here and filed with the committee. The reason I regret that is be- 
 cause of the peculiar circumstances under which Mr. R. C. Allen got 
 his appointment as a Creek national attorney. You do not see any 
 of the other attorneys for the different tribes coming in here and 
 filing statements like Mr. Allen's. I may as well be frank with the 
 committee, because the matter will all come out anyway. Mr. Allen 
 was appointed after Mr. Mott was discharged by the Secretary of 
 the Interior and appointed, evidently, at the suggestion of Mr. 
 Mott. Now, he comes back with a rehash, and brings in some unfor- 
 tunate discussion that occurred on the floor of the House in 1912 in 
 reference to the Mott report. 
 
 I said on the floor of the House at that time, and I say it to this 
 committee now, that in Oklahoma in the administration of the Indian 
 affairs there are men who are seeking to buy lands and sell them, 
 and to get them away from the Indians. There were men thoic who 
 were rascals, who would not discharge their duty as they should 
 discharge it. But the percentage of that kind of men in Oklahoma 
 was no greater, according to population, than it was in any other 
 State in the Union. 
 
 I thought and had hoped that the Mott report was gone, and gone 
 forever. I d onot care what Mr. Allen may seek to say to this com- 
 mittee. I wish he had stayed here so that he could have been cross- 
 examined, and I regret that the Commissioner of Indian Affairs did 
 not come here so that the members of the committee could have ex- 
 amined him. ,...,. ^. , , , 
 
 M. Carter. Mr. Allen seems to think that this jurisdiction should 
 not be vested in Mr. Parker because he is an Oklahoma man, and that 
 an Oklahoma man is not strong enough or big enough to absolve 
 himself from any bit of graft that might be rampant m his sur- 
 roundings. Mr. 'Parker was not one of our State officers, and Mr. 
 Allen had been a district judge down there, and had been subject to 
 the same influences and impulses as the balance of our politicians. 
 
168 FIVE CIVIIJZED TRIBES OF USTDIANS, 
 
 Is it not much more of a reason to say that Mr. Allen, in his sacred 
 capacity as the defender of the Creek Tribe of Indians against the 
 white man ought to be absolved from that influence than there is 
 that Mr. Parker should be ? 
 
 Mr. Davemport. I think there is no question about that. I want 
 to say with reference to Mr. Parker that I believe he is honest and 
 that if he thought a thing was not right he would not put his name 
 to any document of any kind, even if his best friend in the country 
 asked him to do it. If he thought it was not right, I do not believe 
 he would do it. And besides — and I say it with all due deference to 
 any other gentlemen in the employment of the Government — I think 
 Mr. Parker is surrounded by as able a corps of lawyers as anybody 
 in any locality where these Indian questions have arisen. I do not 
 care what the reputation of the men as lawyers may be, I say a man 
 who has grown u.p in that business, and worked on the questions 
 among the Five Civilized Tribes is more competent to pass upon those 
 questions than a man who may be a good lawyer in other localities, 
 but has not had an opportunity to study these Indian questions. 
 
 The Five Civilized Tribes have always been exemjrted from gea- 
 eral Indian legislation, and legislation with reference to the Five 
 Civilized Tribes has been special legislation. You can start at the 
 beginning and come down from the first treaty ever enacted between 
 the Government of the United States and the Five Civilized Tribes, 
 and you will find that all the legislation that has been enacted on 
 behulf of the Five Civilized Tribes has been special legislation, and 
 has not been embraced within general legislation for the Indians. In 
 all these cases it has been specific legislation in reference to their 
 pro]Derty. 
 
 There is only one question to be considered in connection with this 
 bill. I have had about 25 years' experience down there in Oklahoma 
 with Indians, and the only question to be considered in connection 
 with this bill is the question as to whether or not the superintendent 
 should be given final power to perform the duties which are now 
 performed by some one in the Interior Department or in the Indian 
 Office itself. Under the provisions of this bill there is simply a trans- 
 fer of the offices, which are now 1,500 miles away from the Indians. 
 This bill brings the offices closer home to the people. 
 
 So far as the aspersions placed upon the people of Oklahoma by 
 the letter of Mr. Allen, I think that answers itself. Mr. Allen was 
 a district judge down in Oklahoma. 
 
 IMr. Hastinos. I want to call your attention to a statement on 
 page 63 of the last annual report of the Secretary of the Interior, 
 where he says : 
 
 The State authorities liuve sliowii a disposition to cooperate in every way 
 poK.sibie witli iht- departnient, and the Supreme Court of the State of OlJlahom'a 
 lias provided uniform rules of procedure in probate matter.s, at the suggestion 
 of the ( 'ommissioner of Indian Affairs, after his conference with county judges, 
 county attorneys, and tribal attorneys in .January, 1914. 
 
 I want to in\'ite your attention to that as showing Avhat the Sec- 
 retary of the Interior had to say in regard to the cooperation of the 
 officers in Oklahoma. 
 
 Mr. Dave^-port. That is in line with what I was saying. That 
 simply shows that because there is one man down there who may 
 
FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OP INDIANS. 169 
 
 not be performing his duty properly, it is not right or fair to say 
 that the others will not do that. 
 
 There are a number of the Indian suits that they referred to, and 
 I notice in the letter he referred to some suits of Wagoner. Those 
 charges were made against parties at Wagoner, laut the courts could 
 not find anything against the parties sufficient to convict them, and 
 the court was asked to dismiss one of the cases. 
 
 A great many charges have been made, but very few of those have 
 been substantiated. They are always ready to bring those charges 
 whenever any Indian legislation comes up in Congress. They are 
 always ready to charge that because some men have gone wrong that 
 everybody down there has gone wrong. At one time there were a 
 let of lawsuits pending in the Federal court against parties growing 
 out of crooked land deals, and they xised them as a leverage to prevent 
 legislation. 
 
 My friend Allen, if I am not incorrectly advised, had about 15 or 
 20 of those suits pending when he was appointed as the Creek national 
 attorney. He does not say anything about that, but I think it is the 
 truth. When he came up for reappointment a year ago, I think 
 that was the situation. A man who comes in and insinuates things 
 against everj' other official ought to come in with clean hands. I 
 think the record will bear me out in that matter, and I can at least 
 settle it very quickly, because I am going to wire the officials of the 
 Federal court and ask how many cases are pending against Mr. Allen 
 in the Federal court. I am going to wire old man Bilby and ask 
 him if Allen ever paid the $10,000 he got from old man Bilby, giv- 
 ing him liens upon land, and when it came to settlement it was found 
 that the titles were no good. 
 
 I wanted to present that matter, because I say to you gentlemen 
 that every time I have had Indian legislation in reference to this 
 part of the country some fellow has come along, connected with the 
 Creek national attorneyship or some other business, and tried to cast 
 aspersions upon the entire citizenship. I have made a statement 
 against Mr. Allen which, if it is not true, it is because the records are 
 not correct. I wish he had stayed here, because I know there were 
 suits against him, and I know there was a statement of the number of 
 suits filed in the departmental office about a year ago against him, 
 when he came up for reappointment. I am presenting a list show- 
 ing the number of suits that are now pending against him in order 
 to shov,- I have not made a misstatement. 
 
 The suits of John S. Bilby r. R. C. Allen are Nos. 4100 and 4101, 
 Wagoner district court, and aggregate a sum of $8,300. 
 
 The foregoing statement of suits against R. C. Allen are only a 
 part of them, but this I deem to be sufficient to show the committee 
 what Mr. Allen has been engaged in: 
 
 Case No 294. Equitv. United States of America, complainant, v. H. O. Malot 
 et al.', defendants. (K. C. Allen, .special defendant, p. 16.) ,. ^ 
 
 Case No 3.56 Equitv. United States of America, complamant, r. Perry 
 McKay et al defendank (K. C. Allen, special defendar.t, p, 27.) Dismissed. 
 
 Case No 357 Equitv. United States of America, complainant, r. Scott Yeat- 
 man et al.,' dotVndants. (K. C. Allen, special defendant, p. _67.) Dismissed. 
 
 Case No 498, Equity. United States of America, complainant, v. 0. E. loley 
 et al defendants (R. O. Allen, special defendant, p. 152.) 
 
 Case No 911 Equity. United States of America, complainant, v. W. B. Dixon 
 et ai.' defendants. (K. C. Allen, special defendant, p. 105.) 
 
170 FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OF IKDIAUS. 
 
 Case No. 917, Equilv, United States of America, vomplainant, v. Frank L. 
 Mars et al., defendants. (It. C. Allen, special defendant, p. 13.) Dismissed. 
 
 Case No. 902, Equity. United States of America, complainant, v. J. L. Adair 
 et al., defendants. (R. 0. Allen, special defendant, pp. 316, 331.) 
 
 Case No. 479, Equity. United States of America, complainant, v. The August 
 Land Co. et al., defendants. (It. C. Allen, special defendant, pp. 38, 39, 40, 219, 
 220, 221, 222. ) Nos. 39, 40, and 219 dismissed. 
 
 Case No. 482, Equity. United States of America, complainant, v. Levi Ackley 
 et al.. defendants. (R. C. Allen, special defendant, pp. 16, 190, 195, 196, 197, 199, 
 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, and 205.) Nos. 16, 190, 195, 196, 199 dismissed. 
 
 Case No. 485, Equity. United States of America, complainant, v. Charles 
 Bagg et al., defendants. (R. C. Allen, special defendant, p. 19.) Dismissed. 
 
 Case N<i. 487, Equity. United States of America, complainant, v. Jos. P. 
 Atchley et al., defendants. (It. C. Allen, special defendant, pp. 17, 156, 157, 
 158.) 
 
 Case No. 490, Equity. United States of America, complainant, v. Albert 
 Anderson et al., defendants. (R. G. Allen, special defendant, p. 149.) Dis- 
 missed. 
 
 Case No. 492, Equity. United States of America, complainant, v. Joe Abra- 
 ham et a!., defendants. (R. C. Allen, special defendant, p. 118.) • 
 
 Case No. 496, Equity. United States of America, complainant, •;;. John Bright 
 et al., defendants. (R. C. ^Mlen, special defendant, p. 191.) (Page 191 shows 
 Coweta Realty Co., Ellis H. Hammond, R. C. Allen, and J. 0. Plnson, copartners. 
 There ai-e 21 other transactions in this bill showing Coweta Realty Co., but the 
 names of the copartners not given.) 
 
 I thank 3^011, Mr. Chairman. 
 
 STATEMENT OF W. T. KERSHAW, ESQ., ATTORNEY AT LAW, 
 MILWAUKEE, WIS. 
 
 The Chairman. We will give you five minutes, Mr. Kershaw. 
 
 Mr. Keeshaav. Mr. Chairman, I might explain briefly my interest 
 in this legislation. I belong to a society known as the Society of 
 American Indians, and the members of that society are interested in 
 all legislation affecting Indians throughout the country. 
 
 The Chairman. Where are the headquarters of your organization? 
 
 Mr. Keeshaav. Our headquarters are in this city. The secretary 
 resides at Albany, N. Y. His name is Parker. 
 
 The Chairman. I believe it is an incorporated organization, is it 
 not? 
 
 Mr. Kershaw. No, sir; it is not. It does not come within the 
 definition of a fraternal organization or a corporation or anything 
 of that kind. It is a voluntary society of men of Indian blood, and 
 we have endeavored to keep track of Indian legislation, and, acting 
 independently, we have done so. 
 
 This discussion to-day has confirmed me in the belief that our 
 organization put its finger on the defect of the Indian situation 
 three years ago in our conference at Denver, when we pointed out— I 
 will leave the platform here — when we pointed out the necessity of a 
 revision and codification of all the laws governing the Indians. 
 There was a bill pending shortly after that,- sponsored by Mr. Carter, 
 providing for the appointment of a commission to do that work. I 
 do not know what became of the bill, but had that commission been 
 appointed and this codification been carried forward, the revision 
 could have been submitted to a committee of the House within three 
 months after the commission had been appointed and the laws could 
 have been put into concrete form and annotated up to date. 
 
 The Chairman. That is now being done at the request of this com- 
 mittee. The Committee on the Eevision of the Laws, which is a 
 
FIVE CIVILIZED TEIBES OP INDIANS. 171 
 
 committee of the House of Eepresentatives, have, at the request of 
 this conunittee, assumed that duty, and they are now getting up that 
 statement. 
 
 Mr. Kehsiiaw. I am very glad to- hear it. 
 
 The Chaikman. That committee has already reported the codifica- 
 tion bill, and this committee insisted that the laws relative to Indians 
 be included. 
 
 Mr. Keeshaw. If that is done, it will cut out the cross-purposess of 
 the laws. 
 
 Of course, I can not speak to this bill except from my information 
 gathered from the general discussion here to-day, which has been 
 very illuminating. I have learned one thing, and that is the one 
 thing I have been enlightened upon, and that is in regard to the 
 transmutation or metamorphosis of the Indian, who goes in, ap- 
 parently, as a Comanche or a Sioux and who comes away unrestricted, 
 if net unregenerated. 
 
 This bill, it seems to me, would be subject to an objection, if sub- 
 ject to anj' objection at all, upon some legal ground or upon some 
 basis of administrative policy. I would not be prepared to discuss 
 the legal phase of it offhand; but, as I gathered from the questions 
 put to the assistant commissioner by Mr. Carter, it is revolutionary, 
 radical, and marks a very radical departure from the present system 
 of administering the law in the Indian Bureau. If it did that, it 
 might involve very serious legal problems, because if it is revolu- 
 tionary and radical I do not quite understand how the Congress 
 would be competent to create an intermediary department between 
 the Federal Government and the State government. 
 
 Mr. Cartee. Is it your notion that this bill does that ? 
 
 Mr. Kershaw. No ; I am simply discussing the matter from what 
 I have heard here. Of course, it is very broad and general in its 
 terms. It says all the authority of the Department of the Interior 
 shall be conferred upon this officer with reference to the property 
 and the money of these Indians. 
 
 Mr. Gaxdy. You understand that this officer is an officer of the 
 Federal Government, and is not a State officer ? 
 
 Mr. Kershaw. Yes, sir. 
 
 Mr. Carter. And is appointed in the same way in which the 
 Commissioner of Indian Affairs is appointed, and with the same 
 salary ? 
 
 Mr. Kershaw. Yes, sir ; but would that not come under the prm- 
 ciple of construction which would hold that he is given concurrent, 
 equal, and coordinate jurisdiction in his sphere of authority, under 
 this law as it is framed here ? 
 
 Mr. Dempset. He is given exclusive jurisdiction? 
 
 Mr. Carter. He is. His jurisdiction is not divided with anyone. 
 
 Mr. Dempsey. He takes the place of the Secretary of the Interior. 
 He does not act with him if this becomes a lavC. 
 
 Mr. Kershaw. Then it is the creation of a new department of the 
 interior for the State of Oklahoma. As I have gathered— 
 
 Mr. Carter (interposing). You are mistaken about that. It is 
 not a new department; it is an enlargement of the jurisdiction given 
 to a bureau already in existence. _ ^ ., . , . 
 
 Mr. Snyder. Is not this what it does : Does it not simply transfer 
 the authority from one office to another ? 
 
172 FIVE CIVILIZED TEIBES OF INDIANS. 
 
 Mr. Caeteu. Yes. • 
 
 Mr. Dempsey. It does more than that, because the office of the 
 Secretary of the Interior is a recognized constitutional office. This 
 is purety" a statutory office, and it does confer upon a man in the field 
 all the ipower ^rhich is vested by law in this constitutional officer. 
 
 Mr. Snyder. That is true; but this power was not vested in this 
 officer by the Constitution ; it was given to him by statute. 
 
 Mr. Caetee. May I ask you a question ? 
 
 Mr. Keesiiaw. Certainly. 
 
 Mr. Caeuhk. This bill simply transfers jurisdiction from John 
 and puts it on Tom ; that is the sum total of the effect of the bill. 
 My thought about the matter was this, that the nearer you put the 
 management of Indian affairs to the Indians the better it will be for 
 the Indians, because it will be a mere expeditious way of handling 
 the Indian affairs, and you would have the jurisdiction vested in a 
 man who comes in more close contact with the Indians. Do you 
 object to that principle? 
 
 Mr. Kershaw. No; those things are very practical, salutary, and 
 necessary, I thiiik. But the language of this bill is that the Super- 
 intendent of the Five Civilized Tribes shall have and exercise all 
 authority now conferred by law upon the Secretary of the Interior. 
 
 Mr. IJastiisgs. With reference to their money and their property. 
 That is a part of the proposition. 
 
 Mr. Kershaw. Yes. 
 
 Mr. Carter. Not of tribal affairs. 
 
 Mr. Kershaw. What is the residuum of power left with the Sec- 
 retary of the Interior ? , 
 
 Mr. Carter. Power with reference to all tribal affairs. 
 
 Mr. Keeshaw. In what could they consist to carry out the theory 
 of the legislative purposes in connection with the governing of the 
 Indian? The legislative purpose is settled by the Supreme Court 
 of the United States as the care and protection of the Indian. What 
 residuum of power is there left in the Secretary of the Interior? Of 
 course, there is some. I do not know what it could be that would 
 be fundamental and efficacious, as far as the Indinn is concerned, 
 except the control of his property. 
 
 Mr. Carter. This transfers the management of the individual to 
 the superintendent, but none of the tribal affairs. All of the tribal 
 affairs are still in the hands of the Secretary of the Interior, all of 
 the coal lands and the oil lands, and everything else that belongs to 
 the tribe is still in the hands of the Secretary of the Interior. 
 
 Mr. Kershaw. I am not antagonizing this bill, nor your views. I 
 think the chairman has hit the right trail when he has suggested a 
 conference, and I think this might be worked out in that way. 
 
 I think this bill is so broad it fixes no limitations of any character, 
 by the civil or criminal law, or otherwise. Suppose your man goes 
 wrong down there and embezzles a lot of funds, or something of 
 that Idnd. I know that Mr. Parker will not do that. I am not 
 speaking of him at all. But suppose the man down there embezzles 
 some funds ; how is he indicted ? 
 
 Mr. Carter. The State has jurisdiction of offenses comniitted by 
 the individual Indian now, and the Federal court would still rnairi- 
 tain jurisdiction over offenses committed by Federal officers. 
 
FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OF INDIANS. 173 
 
 Mr. Keeshaw. No; I am talking about the superintendent. 
 
 Mr. Carter. This bill seeks no change of jurisdiction with refer- 
 ence to criminal offenses or otherwise, so far as the courts are con- 
 cerned. 
 
 Mr. Kershaw. But there are no presumptions that could arise to 
 overcome the presumption of innocence in a criminal prosecution, 
 unless the law specifies. The Federal Government has no common- 
 law jurisdiction in criminal matters. 
 
 Mr. Dempsey. The Secretary of the Interior would not have any 
 criminal jurisdiction at all, and so you do not affect that. 
 
 Mr. Kershaw. That might be, but if you are prosecuting him you 
 would have to show by some law that he has violated some criminal 
 statute. 
 
 Mr. Carter. He is a Federal official. 
 
 Mr. Kershaw. Yes. You would have to show that. Here you 
 have a law so meager in its terms 
 
 Mr. Carter (interposing). We have a law, the law of June 28, 
 1898, in relation to the Five Civilized Tribes which makes every 
 officer, either of the Five Civilized Tribes or those supervising them, 
 a Federal official with relation to the jurisdiction of any criminal 
 offenses. 
 
 Mr. Kershaw. It occurred to me, from the suggestions made by 
 you and the questions put to the assistant commissioner by the author 
 of the bill, that there could have been no harm in specifying clearly 
 in this measure just the limitations of this man's power and the ex- 
 tent to which he was cooperating with the Secretary of the Interior, 
 if he is to cooperate, if that is the purpose and intention of the law. 
 But your statement that ho is accountable to the Secretary of the In- 
 terior the same as any other appointee, I hardly think could be 
 gathered from the la-nguage of the law, because it says the power of 
 the Secretary of the Interior is transferred to and conferred upon 
 this man. 
 
 I understand that there are 101,000 people belonging to the Five 
 Civilized Tribes, a comparatively small number of whom are re- 
 stricted members of the Five Civilized Tribes. This bill compre- 
 hends, apparently, all the members of the Five Civilized Tribes. 
 They are competent men ; they are civilized, of course, self-governing, 
 and all that. 
 
 The Chairman. Your time has expired, Mr. Kershaw. 
 
 Mr. Kershaw. I am very much obliged to you, Mr. Chairman. 
 
 The Chairman. Mr. Hastings desires to make a statement, and we 
 will be glad to hear him now. 
 
 STATEMENT OF HON. WILLIAM W. HASTINGS, A REPEESENTA- 
 TIVE IN CONGRESS FROM THE STATE OF OKLAHOMA. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. Mr. Chairman, the committee was very patient with 
 me for two or three days; my statement was interrupted by mem- 
 bers of the committee and I did not have an opportunity to follow- 
 closely the argument in this bill, but I think we have about developed 
 all of the facts by the questions asked, whether that has been done 
 in connected argument or not. 
 
 I want to say to the committee, as the committee already knows, 
 that this bill does not remove any supervision at all from any 
 
174 FIVE CIVILIZED TEIBES OP INDIANS. 
 
 Indian. It simply reduces the distance of that supervision by 1,500 
 miles. We are bringing the supervision bacli home, and leaving it 
 in Muskogee, Okla., lodged in a Government official nominated by 
 the President of the United States and confirmed by the Senate. The 
 man who occupies that position now is conceded by every person 
 who has appeared before this committee to be a high-class, honorable, 
 competent Government official. 
 
 This is exactly similar to the fight we had in this country prior 
 to 1776, when the American people said they were opposed to gov- 
 ernment by Great Britain. It is exactly the same fight that every 
 Territory of the United States has made when it has knocked at the 
 door of Congress for admission to the Union. It has been a fight 
 against "long-distance government." 
 
 The people of Arizona were against long-distance government, and 
 the people of Oklahoma were against long-distance government. 
 Every State in the Union and every Territory of the United States 
 has been against long-distance government, and has knocked at the 
 doors of Congress for admission to statehood. That is what we are 
 after in this case. 
 
 We are not trying to take away any supervision over any Indian in 
 Oklahoma. This bill does not remove the restrictions from his 
 land; it does not remove supervision over oil leases or over the 
 investment of his money, but it simply takes this authority from an 
 office here in Washington and lodges it in a competent official down 
 there in Muskogee, where the Indian can go in person to that official, 
 face to face, look at the official and let him judge of his competency, 
 so that the matter may be decided there promptly. That is all this 
 bill does. 
 
 Mr. Chairman and gentlemen of the committee, there are two 
 United States Senators from the State of Oklahoma and eight Mem- 
 bers of the House' of Representatives. Some of us have lived there 
 all of our lives, and it is not a question of remaining there a day or 
 two with us. I have given 25 years of my life to a study of the 
 subject. I have laid awake as much at night, perhaps, as any 
 other man in the United States studying the Indian question, and I 
 know that the thing that is ruining the Indian in Oklahoma is the 
 prejudice being aroused on account of this "long-distance govern- 
 ment." I know that the Indian 10 years ago was much stronger, 
 was much more self-reliant than he is to-day. Every man who has 
 been there and who has studied the question at close range knows 
 what I say is true. 
 
 When statehood came we had two-thirds of the offices in eastern 
 Oklahoma filled by Indians. Among them were sheriffs, were county 
 judges, county treasurers, and they occupied many of the positions 
 there. But because of departmental supervision there has been such 
 a prejudice created against the method of governing the Indian 
 that 1 want to say to this committee now it is fast destioying the 
 Indian's influence in his own State. I feel deeply upon this question, 
 Mr. Chairman. There is no man on earth who will go further than 
 I to help a real Indian. 
 
 We have two United States Senators, both capable, honest men. 
 Senator Owen introduced a bill similar to this bill in the Senate a 
 few days ago, and he heartily approves of it. I know I am permitted 
 
FIVE CIVILIZED TEIBES OF INDIANS. 175 
 
 to say here that Senator Gore, who has given this question years 
 and years of study, and who knows it from an intimate study of it— 
 I am permitted to .say that he is in favor of this bilL I will not 
 speak for Mr. Murray or for Mr. Carter and prejudge them, but the 
 other six members of the Oklahoma delegation who live in and rep- 
 resent Oklahoma and study the Indian, and who are deeply inter- 
 ested in the welfare of the Indian and his future development, are all 
 in favor of this bill. They do not want to see the Indian robbed, 
 but they are in favor of this bill because they want to see the best 
 interests of the Indian taken care of. 
 
 Every single Indian in Oklahoma, so far as I know, is in favor of 
 this bill, and I challenge those who come here and advocate the other 
 side to bring to the attention of this committee a single, solitary, 
 substantial Indian in Oklahoma who is a member of the Five Civil- 
 ized Tribes who does not indorse this bill in toto. 
 
 This bill was introduced in the House of Kepresentatives on De- 
 cember 6. I have here some newspaper comments upon the bill, and 
 also a resolution of the Oklahoma State Senate favoring this bill, 
 which I will put in the record, with the permission of the committee : 
 
 [The Sallisaw Star-Gazette, Dec. 17, 1D15.] 
 THE SYSTEM WILL FIGHT IT. 
 
 Congres.sman W. W. Hastings has Introduced in Congress a bill that will be 
 of tremendous advantage in eastern Oklahoma if it becomes a law. The chief 
 obstacle in the way of the bill is the opposition that will come from the system 
 that is in vogue in the Department of the Interior. 
 
 The bill proposes to increase the authority of Gabe E. Parker, superintendent 
 of the Five Civilized Tribes. Specifically it proposes to give Mr. Parker the 
 authority to finally pass upon and make effective all oil leases, all agricultural 
 leases, removal of restrictions from restricted lands, allow or disallow all claims 
 to be paid out of moneys of restricted Indians. 
 
 Now all these minor matters have to go to Washington for approval. That 
 takes weeks and months of time. Then they are not approved by the Secre- 
 tary of the Interior nor yet by the Commissioner of Indian Affairs. They are 
 passed upon by some head of a division. This is generally a person who never 
 saw Oklahoma and has no knowledge of affairs or conditions here. 
 
 We submit that Mr. Parker is just as competent to pass upon these matters 
 finally as any head of any department in Washington. Further, he is just as 
 competent as the Secretary of the Interior or the Commissioner of Indian 
 Affairs, if they were personally doing the work sent to Washington from the 
 Muskogee bureau, which they are not. Mr. Parker is on the ground. He 
 knows. Why should these simple business matters be tied up for weeks and 
 months just to get the official O. K. of some department clerk in Washini^ton? 
 Why should the business of the Indians not be conducted ju-;t as expeditiously 
 and" as satisfactorily as any other business? Why should it not be transacted 
 on the ground by a man who has personal knowledge of these matters? 
 
 But Washington and the system that has grown up there, a system that it is 
 difilcult to shake loose, is jealous of its authority and supervisory powers. That 
 system is opposed to placing authority where the work is done. It's the same 
 old system that cursed this fair land in the days of Republican rule, and it 
 has been made precious little better since the Democrats went into power. 
 
 Congressman Hastings knows what he is doing. Every business man, white 
 or red, will give unqualified approval to this plan. If the Commissioner of 
 Indian' Affairs and the Secretary of the Interior are gifted with the wisdom 
 their positions imply, they will not oppose this measure. (Muskogee Times- 
 Democrat. ) 
 
 The above is taken from the Star-Gazette, a newspaper published 
 at Sallisaw, in Sequoyah County, Okla. 
 
176 FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OF INDIANS. 
 
 [Muskogee Times-Demoerat, Jan. 8, 1916.] 
 
 THE HA.STINGK BILL. 
 
 One of tlie shortest hills ever presented to Congress ^aus that introduced by 
 Congi-essman Hastings to confer upon the Superintendent for the Five Civilized 
 Tribes the authority now exercised by the Commissioner of Indian Affairs and 
 the Secretary of the Interior over the individual lands and moneys of restricted 
 members of the Five Civilized Tribes. 
 
 It would give the superintendent here: First, authority to approve all oil 
 leases; second, power to remove restrictions; third, authority to approve agri- 
 cultural leases ; and fourth, final supervision over the payment of debts of re- 
 stricted Indians out of their own funds. 
 
 There is every argument in its favor and none, so far as we have heard, 
 against it. It requires on an average of three months or more to get an oil lease 
 approved, unless the lessee at great expense employs an attorney to follow the 
 lease to Washington or engages the services of an attorney at Washington to 
 press early action upon it there. 
 
 It requires on an average of nine months to secure favorable action upon an 
 application for the removal of restrictions upon individual lands. 
 
 Action upon claims presented for payment out of restricted Indian moneys 
 is unreasonably delayed, and at present but few agricultural leases are approved, 
 because tenants can not afford to wait final action by the department. 
 
 There is every argument in favor of this legislation. It should have the 
 hearty support of the department at ' Washington. It would not only save 
 vexatious delays, but it would also save great expense to all parties concerned 
 and avoid much criticism of the supervision of Indian affairs, but would popu- 
 larize the department in Oklahoma. 
 
 Rules and regulations have been prepared covering all of these matters, 
 and unquestionably the superintendent at Muskogee could be trusted with hav- 
 ing suflicient judgment to apply them and finally pass upon these questions here. 
 Everyone, of course, knows that the Commissioner of Indian Affairs and the 
 Secretary of the Interior at Washington do not give personal attention to any 
 of these details. They are referred to the head of some division, a clerk who 
 is paid from $1,.500 to ,$2,500 per annum. The superintendent at Muskogee holds 
 a position of equal responsibility with the Commissioner of Indian Affairs. 
 He is nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate, and receives a 
 salary of $5,000 per annum. 
 
 With this law enacted there is no reason why an oil lease should not be ap- 
 proved within three days, or restrictions removed from land, or an agricultural 
 lease approved, or a claim paid from restricted money, within the same length 
 of time. It would revolutionize the administration of Indian- affairs in Okla- 
 homa. 
 
 The report of the superintendent shows thousands of pieces of mail annuaUy 
 pass through his office, received, forwarded, and answered. If the proposed bill 
 were enacted it is conservatively estimated that the number of letters received 
 and answered would be reduced at least 50 per cent. At present, when an oil 
 lease or an application for the removal of restrictions is filed with the superin- 
 tendent to be forwarded to Washington, the party interested becomes impatient 
 after some 30 or 60 days' delay and writes a letter concerning the matter, gets 
 his friends to write a letter, later employs an attorney who writes one, and then 
 writes to his Member of Congress. All these letters go through the home office 
 at Muskogee or the Indian Office at Washington and must be answered. If 
 final action could be taken in Oklahoma without delay, the interested party 
 would not become restless, and it would be an exceptional case in which a letter 
 is written before action was had. 
 
 Finally, long-distance government is un-American. Every citizen wants to be 
 able to transact business face to face with public officials as far as possible, 
 where he can have a fair hearing, and where he always feels he is getting a 
 square deal, and where any little defect could be corrected and the lease or ap- 
 plication amended and approved. 
 
 There is every argument in favor of the immediate passage of this bill. It 
 should be carefully studied by the people of eastern Oklahoma, the department 
 should get behind it, and Congress should unanimously pass it. 
 
 The above from the Muskogee Times- Democrat is a fair statement 
 of the purposes and what is intended to be accomplished by it. 
 
FIVE CIVILIZED TBIBES OP INDIANS. 177 
 
 [Interview o( Solicitor General West, Dec. 17, 1915.] 
 
 CI-IEBOKEE INDIANS GET LAST PAYMENT— PRESTON WEST SAYS FINAL DISBURSEMENT 
 
 MADE TO TRIBAL MEMBERS. 
 
 Tulsa, Okla., December 11. 
 
 Arriving in Tulsa from Washington Friday morning, Preston C. West, .So- 
 licitor of the Department of the Interior, whose home has been at Muskogee for 
 the past several years, stated that the last fund to be distributed among the 
 members of the Cherokee Tribe has been given out. This distribution brought 
 to each Indian of that nation something like $3 or $4, totaling a large sum. 
 
 In speaking of the work that has been done by the Department of the Interior 
 in connection with the different tribes of Indians in the United States during the 
 past several months, Mr. West stated that matters which have been under con- 
 sideration for the past 15 years have been cleared up and that the ofBce has 
 been so systematized that any proposition coming from the Indians at the 
 present time can be settled within 60 days from tlie time it is brought to the 
 attention of the department. In case of necessity it can be given Immediate 
 action. Most of the old matters which have cleared up since the time Jlr. 
 West took up his work with the department, pertained to the land and pension 
 work. 
 
 The Solicitor for the Interior Department was loud in his praise of President 
 Wilson and the latter's policies. He said : " It was a hard task to break the 
 crust after tlie new administration came in and for a long time it seemed that 
 we would not get the red-tape systems eliminated, but much of that has been 
 cleared away now so that matters pertaining to Indian lauds will recei\'e 
 prompt attention." 
 
 Mr. West expressed himself as heartily in fa\or of the Hastings bill which 
 provides for a more direct handling of the Indian affairs by placing a represent- 
 ative of the Interior Department in the field, and stated that he believes this 
 measure will go through. 
 
 The above is from an interview of Preston C. West. At the time 
 it was given he was Solicitor for the Interior Department. 
 
 [The Stigler Beacon, Dec. 24, 1915.] 
 
 Congressman W. W. Hastings has introduced a bill iu Congress which, if it 
 becomes a law, will relieve the handling of the affairs of the individual Indians 
 of the Five Civilized Tribes of a great deal of the " red tape." The bill is a 
 brief one, and confers upon the Superintendent of the Five Civilized Tribes 
 the authority to handle the affairs of the individual Indians which is now 
 conferred upon the Secretary of the Interior and the Commissioner of Indian 
 Affairs. No law could be enacted of greater benefit to the Choctaws, unless it 
 would be a law winding up the affairs of the tribes and paying them the money 
 that is now due them. At present it requires weeks and months to secure 
 action on the removal of restrictions, or any small matter connected with the 
 estate of a restricted Indian. With such matters in the hands of the super- 
 intendent at Muskogee it should be only a matter of days. There certainly 
 could be no question of the competency of the present superintendent to handle 
 such matters, and we hope to see Mr. Hastings's bill become a law. The Choc- 
 taws have suffered enough from long-distance government. 
 
 The above comment is taken from the Stigler Beacon and highly 
 commends the bill. 
 
 [The Okmulgee Dally Democrat, Dec. 13, 1915.] 
 
 TO MAKE MUSKOGEE HEADQUARTERS FOR ALL INDIAN AFFAIRS— IS PURPOSE OF A 
 BILL INTRODUCED BY HASTINGS VERY DESIRABLE FOR OIL MEN. 
 
 To tr-msfer the entire control of Indian affairs in the Five Ti'ibes to Muskogee 
 in so fa'r as thev are now in part controlled at Washington is the purpose of an 
 act whK-h Congressman Hastings proposes in a bill which he introduced on the 
 •opening day of the Sixty-fourth Congress. Probably no o her bill couldbe more 
 welcomed by the oil and gas mining interests, to say nothing of the agricultural 
 interests of eastern Oklahoma, than this bill, which is now m course of con- 
 
 38147—16 12 
 
178 PIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OF INDIANS. 
 
 sideration liy the Committee on Indian Affairs, and, it Is to be lioped, passage 
 by the body. 
 
 The bill is brief, pointed, and plain. It appears in full below. Passed and 
 in operation, the Superintendent of Indian Affairs in Muskogee will have final 
 authority over all things which affect the lands, allotments, and moneys of the 
 re.stricted classe.s of Indians, that being now in the ofBce of the Secretary of 
 the Interior and Commissioner of Indian Affairs. As is well known, the time 
 cost in getting approvals of leases has been a serious detriment and constant 
 liampering of oil and gas developments, and also has been the inlet of endless 
 misunderstandings which too often have culminated in litigation. The matter of 
 time is important in many a development as fixing the rights of parties in the 
 oil country. Values are subject to such uncertainty, rising or falling fabulously 
 upon sudden happenings, that agreements are broken during the pendency of 
 approval of leases or transfers ; sometimes even fraud is charged to substantiate 
 the breaking, and endless difficulties are feared even when they are not reason- 
 ably expected. It ought to be plain that this has a deterrent effect upon the 
 developments and also indirectly a depressing effect upon the value of lands 
 and mining interests of the Indians. Wardship and honest, even strict, super- 
 vision of the Indians by the Government is in itself both wholesome and de- 
 sirable, even if it were not unavoidable in line of our national duty to the 
 Indian. But the circumstances which obtain in this country make it necessary 
 that wardship be attended by the utmost simplicity and dispatch in the handling 
 of the immense business which it entails. 
 
 Mr. Hastings, in his extensive experience and by reason of his own Indian 
 relationship, is peculiarly qualified both to understand these things and to 
 accomplish the reform in Congress which he has set upon. He is to be com- 
 mended and encouraged, as he surely will be throughout the Indian country. 
 
 The foregoing is taken -from the Okmulgee Daily Democrat, and 
 shows the favorable sentiment in that section of the State. No news- 
 f)aper has contained an unfavorable comment. 
 
 [The Tulsa World, Dee. 26, 1915.] 
 
 r.ONO-KAXGE GOVERN jrENT. 
 
 The World has had occasion to call favorable attention to the bill recently 
 introduced in the National House liy Congressman Hastings, of the second 
 Oklahoma district, which liad the unusual merit of brevity, of saying plainly 
 .iust what it meant without the mass of unnecessary and confusing verbiage 
 that is usually characteristic of legislative measures. This bill has struck a 
 responsive chord in the hearts of Oklahomans who have had experience with 
 the " red tape " and dilatory methods which under the present system must pre- 
 cede any action on the part of the Interior Department at Washington. The 
 approval of Indian leases, removal or restrictions, and many other questions 
 of local import, of none of which the department oflScials are or can be as well 
 informed and able to .judge wisely as those in contact with the circumstances, 
 must all pass through the absurd grind of this modern " circumlocution office." 
 
 The Hastings bill, shorn of formalities, enacts " that the Superintendent for 
 the Five Civilized Tribes in Oklahoma shall, after the passage and approval of 
 this act, have and exercise all the authority now conferred by law upon the 
 Commissioner of Indian Affairs and the Secretary of the Interior, or either of 
 them, respecting the lands allotted to the enrolled members of the Five Civilized 
 Tribes in Oklahoma and their individual moneys." That is plain, explicit, and 
 to the point, alike incapable of being misunderstood or misconstrued. This bill 
 is now in the hands of the House Committee on Indian Affairs, which com- 
 mittee will give hearing to those both favoring and opposing the measure. That 
 there will be strong and determined opposition is already apparent, and all 
 those who want to see tliis much-needed reform accomplished should lose no 
 tmie in fiooding their Representatives and the committee members with letters 
 pleading that Oklahoma be delivered from the twin evils of red tape and long- 
 ranse government, which have long been such an irritation and impediment to 
 the progress and development of the State. 
 
 This is not, as some have imagined, a personal attack upon Commissioner 
 Sells or Secretary Lane, or any of their employees, but Is an attack upon the 
 \-icious system that has heretofore prevailed. That system has proved Itself 
 highly impractical, unreasonably dilatory, unnecessarily autocratic, and fre- 
 
FIVE CIVILIZED TBIBES OF INDIANS. 179 
 
 quently unjust and injurious even to the interests of those it was intended to 
 serve. Everybody knows that the greater part of a year is required to secure 
 iiction on any matter of leases or restrictions, with corresponding expense and 
 loss, and that claims are pending from six months to two years before they 
 are paid. There is neither justice nor logic in such a condition. The superin- 
 tendent for the tribes is on the ground, is acquainted with the interests of 
 the Indians themselves, and is fully capable of attending to their affairs more 
 intelligently, more satisfactorily and with more promptitude than the digni- 
 taries at the National Capital. 
 
 That the Interior Department and the Indian Commissioner are hurt by 
 this proposition is altogether due to their unreasonable and autocratic attitude 
 in these matters. Aside from the commendable justice and practical wisdom 
 of the Hastings measure, the people of Oklahoma irrespective of blood are 
 thoroughly disgusted and tired of the haughty and blundering policy of the 
 <iepartment, and will enthusiastically welcome any measure that will curb and 
 lestrict their much misused power. It is the department officials themselves, 
 therefore, who are to blame for this insurrection against their authority. If 
 the people of Oklahoma could have their way, the Hastings bill would go 
 through Congress with a whoop. 
 
 This is not a partisan measure in any sense of the word, for both Republi- 
 cans and Democrats are intensely anxious that useless red tape should be abol- 
 ished and long-range government put out of business. If there is any reason 
 why it should commend itself to one party more than another, it is because 
 ihe Democrats are interested in its effects in State politics. In the language 
 of a prominent Oklahoma Democrat at the capital, " the passage of the Hastings 
 bill would do much toward popularizing the department ; but if we are to con- 
 tinue to be the victims of long-range government, there is every reason to believe 
 the Republicans will carry the State next year." But the Republicans of Okla- 
 homa are patriotic enough to prefer the good of the people before any partisan 
 advantage, and they will be found almost to a man championing the bill 
 offered by Mr. Hastings. 
 
 The above is a vigorous analysis of the bill taken from the Tulsa 
 World. 
 
 [The Haskell News, Dec. 17, 19tS.] 
 
 Congressman Hastings has introduced a bill in Congress to confer upon the 
 Superintendent of the Five Civilized Tribes in Oklahoma the authority now 
 conferred by law upon the Commissioner of Indian Affairs and the Secretary of 
 the Interior respecting lands alloted to the enrolled members of the Five Civil- 
 izer Tribes and their individual moneys. The purpose of the bill is to give the 
 superintendent at Muskogee final authority over all those things which affect 
 the individual allotments and moneys of restricted Indians. It is well known 
 that it requires from six to nine months to secure the removal of restrictions 
 from a tract of land, and that delay is occasioned and expense incurred in 
 forwarding oil and agricultural leases to the department for approval, and 
 claims are pending from six months to two years before they are paid. There 
 is no good reason why any of these matters should be forwarded to the depart- 
 ment for approval and the authority should be vested In the superintendent 
 of the five tribes as the bill provides, and if it becomes a law will be a great 
 convenience to thousands of people who now have business with the Indians 
 of this State. 
 
 [The Haskell County News, Dec. 9, 1915.] 
 CONORESSlfAN HASTINGS INTRODUCES BILL. 
 
 Short sweet and to the point and yet fitted out with real teeth is the bill 
 Congressman W. W. Hastings, of this district, introduced in the House Mon- 
 day as the first move toward the elimination of the " red tape " in the adminis- 
 tration of the affairs of the Five Civilized Tribes. . ^ ^ , ^. 
 
 The Hastin"-=! bill if it becomes a law at this session of Congress— and Mr. 
 Hastings prop'oses to see that it does— will go further toward a final and satis- 
 tactorv settlement of the individual affairs of members of the Five Civilized 
 Tribes than any legislation that has been heretofore enacted bearing on the 
 subject. 
 
180 FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OF INDIANS. 
 
 The Hastings bill, unencunibered with a pletliora of parliamentary language, 
 is so brief it is painful to the Interior Department. The bill in its entirety is; 
 as follows : 
 
 " Be it enacted, by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United 
 t^tates of America in Congress assemhled, That the Superintendent of the Five 
 Civilized Tribes in Oklahoma shall, after the passage and approval of this act, 
 have and exercise all the authority now conferred by law upon the Commis- 
 sioner of Indian Affairs and the Secretary of the Interior representing the 
 lands allotted to the enrolled members of the Five Civilized Tribes and their 
 individual moneys." 
 
 [The Tahlequah Arrow, Dec. l.l, 1915.] 
 CUT OUT THE BED TAPE. 
 
 The bill introduced in Congress by Mr. Hastings to confer upon the Superin- 
 tendent of the Five Civilized Tribes in Oklahoma the authority now conferred 
 by law upon the Commissioner of Indian Affairs and the Secretary of the ■ 
 Interior respecting lands allotted to these tribes and their individual money, 
 should it become a law, will inure to the benefit of the individuals of these 
 tribes. That they are civilized goes, or the Government has used a misnomer 
 in their designation. Under the present system, that of an imaginary protecting 
 arm reaching over here from Washington, with neither an eye nor an ear at 
 either end, small as well as greater affairs of interest in the transaction of 
 their individual business requires from 2 to 10 months to conclude, whereas 
 if the authority was vested in the Superintendent of the Five Civilized Tribes 
 business could be transacted in a much shorter time. The fact that unnecessary 
 delays by this long-distance supervision of the business of the Indians has been 
 a detriment has been thoroughly instilled into Hon. W. W. Hastings during his 
 20 years as national attorney for the Cherokees, and the fact that it was known 
 that he entertained this view had much to do in selecting him for the place lie 
 is now occupying, and Hastings by this early move in the matter has already 
 shown himself true to his trust. 
 
 The tribal affairs of the Cherokees have been closed, and they as a tribe have 
 ceased to exist. The affairs of the other tribes are fast approaching the time 
 when their tribal relations will have been closed, and each will be left an indi- 
 vidual citizen to hustle for a livelihood with his fellow men. When that time 
 arrives quick action shoud be extended him rather than putting long delays in 
 his way in the transaction of business. Under the present system all actions for 
 removal of restrictions, making of contracts, leases, sales, etc., originate in the 
 office of the Superintendent of the Five Civilized Tribes, and it is upon the rec- 
 ommendations of this office that the department relies and acts, and why it is 
 necessary for long delays that the department may examine proceedings and 
 approve the findings made by the superintendent while the interested parties 
 wait is what puzzles our people. Cut out the red tape and give Mr. Indian a 
 chance, and he will make good. 
 
 The above review is taken from the Arrow, published at the home 
 city of the author of the bill. Tahlequah is the old Cherokee capital. 
 
 [Muskogee Times-Democrat, Mar. 6, 1916.] 
 WE EXPECTED OPPOSITION FEOM CATO. 
 
 The Hon. Cato Sells, Commissioner of Indian Affairs, has addressed a letter 
 to Chairman Stephens, of the House Committee on Indian Affairs, in protest to 
 the Hastings bill. 
 
 The Hastings bill seeks to transfer to the Superintendent of the Five Civilized 
 Tribes final jurisdiction in all matters pertaining to the individual Indian; 
 that is, leasing of his land, removal of restrictions, payment of royaltes, etc. 
 No matter of tribal interest is affected. Generally speaking, the bulk of the 
 business affected by Mr. Hastings's bill would be the making of agricultural and 
 oil leases and the payment of moneys derived from rentals and royalties to the 
 Indians entitled to thein. At present all of these matters must be passed on by 
 clerks, the division superintendent, then Supt. Parker, and then they go to 
 Washington, where Mr. Parker's recommendation is first passed on by some 
 
FIVE CIVILIZED TEIBES OF INDIANS. 181 
 
 $1,200 Clerk, and then through the same sort of routine begun here in Muskogee. 
 It takes twice the time, and possibly four or five times the cost to dispatch this 
 business that it would require if it was completed here. 
 
 The commissioner seems to think that matters would go to the bow wows if 
 this bill was passed, and he intimates that the Indians would not get a square 
 deal. Certainly even Mr. Sells will admit that Supt. Gabe E. Parker, who is an 
 Indian, is better versed in the needs of his people than anyone at Washington ; 
 that having been born and brought up here he understands the Indian as none 
 hut an Indian can. Certainly Mr. Sells will admit that Mr. Parker, who gave 
 up an office of as much dignity as that filled now by Mr. Sells, to accept his 
 present place, is as honest, as reliable, as conscientious, and as efficient as any 
 man in the Interior Department 
 
 Mr. Sells says in his letter that he opposes the Hastings bill because there is a 
 local prejudice against the Indian. Let's see about this. Senator Owen, of tliis 
 State, is an Indian. 0(.)ugressnian Carter and Congressman Hastings are both 
 Indians. Congressman Davenport and Congressman Murray are intermarried 
 white members of the tribe. There are a dozen members of our legislature, 
 house and senate, who are Indians by blood, and a number of intermarried 
 Indians. The leader of the house is an Indian. The chairman of the Demo- 
 cratic caucus is an Indian. Leading ministers and leading physicians of the 
 Slate are Indians by blood ; many of our leading bankers are Indians. As a 
 matter of fact, it strikes us that instead of there being prejudice in Olclahoma 
 against the Indian there is a very strong, active prejudice in his favor. The 
 average white man in this country readily admits that this is essentially an 
 Indian State and that he is entitled to preference. 
 
 No, Mr. Sells, there is no local prejudice against the Indian, and there is but 
 one argument which can be truthfully made against it, and that is that it trans- 
 fers authority now held in AVashington to an appointee of the department sta- 
 tioned in Muskogee. This might result in making it wise to very largely de- 
 crease the office force in the office of the Indian Commission, but it would very 
 greatly add to the service which both Indians and whites now look to the De- 
 partment of the Interior to get. 
 
 The above article from the Muskogee Times-Democrat completely 
 answers the argument of Commissioner Sells that the people are 
 prejudiced against the Indian. 
 
 [The Tahlequah Telegram, Dee. 23, 1915.] 
 THE GREATEST GOOD TO THE GREATEST NUMBER. 
 
 That the bill introduced in Congress by our Representative, Mr. Hastings, pro- 
 viding that the affairs of the Five Civilized Tribes be handled by the superin- 
 tendent to the exclusion of Washington departmental red tape, will be passed at 
 an early date is the wish of everyone in eastern Oklahoma who is interested in 
 the development of this section of the State. 
 
 Owing to the complex system under which the restricted Indian is allowed to 
 dispose of his land, or lease it for agricultural or mineral uses, only those who 
 have devoted years to the business of securing such leases or have the money to 
 secure the services of some one onto the ropes, rarely secure a lease or deed to 
 Indian land. 
 
 Such being the case, many good farmers who are capable of developmg the 
 land and willing to pay a reasonable price either for a deed or for a lease are 
 deterred from making the effort on account of the length of time required to get 
 the matter through the many departments to final action. 
 
 The Tahlequah Telegram advocates the doing away with the " de- 
 partmental red tape." 
 
 [The Daily Oklahoman, Oklahoma City, Okla., Jan. 8, 1916.] 
 COKGRESSMAN HASTINGS'S BILL. 
 
 Representative Hastings, of the second Oklahoma district, has presented for 
 con<^ressional consideration a measure which it seems to the Oklahoman ought 
 to become a law Briefly, its provisions are that the Superintendent of the Five 
 Civilized Tribes shall in future be empowered with the authority at present con- 
 
182 FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OF INDIANS. 
 
 ferred upon the Commissioner of Indian AfCairs and the Secretary of the Interior 
 regarding land and money belonging to restricted members of those tribes. 
 
 If the bill becomes a law it will do away with the ceaseless red tape which has 
 heretofore encumbered these matters. The superintendent, stationed convenintly 
 at Muskogee, will have the necessary authority in transactions involving oil 
 leases, removal of restrictions, approved farming leases, and payment of debts 
 of restricted Indians ovit of individual funds. 
 
 It has taken several months to secure action on questions arising from Indian 
 affairs in Oklahoma, involving much inconvenience all along the line; and if 
 Mr. Hastings is successful in having his measure enacted into law it will mean 
 the removal of much vexatious detail from the hands of the department at Wasli- 
 ington, in addition to making it much easier at this end of the line. 
 
 Details of Indian affairs have been necessarily intrusted to minor clerks at 
 Washington. It i» easy to understand that the Secretary of the Interior and 
 the commissioner do not have the time to handle these important affairs per- 
 sonally, and it goes without saying that they could be much better manipulated — 
 these matters concerning the Indians — by a capable superintendent at Muskogee. 
 Expeditiousness is only one of the features which would undergo a great 
 improvement. 
 
 Mr. Hastings evidently has an idea that he is in Congress for the purpose of 
 doing things in the interest of his district, and it appears to us that he shows 
 this in the present instance. 
 
 The above is from the Oklahoman, published at the capital of the 
 State, and is not in that part of the State formerly embraced within 
 the lands of the Five Civilized Tribes. It expresses the unanimous 
 sentiment throughout the State. 
 
 [Stilwell Standard-Sentinel, Dec. 16, 1915.] 
 
 The measure introduced in the House of Representatives conferring upon 
 the Superintendent of the Five Civilized Tribes the authority now vested upon 
 the Secretary of the Interior respecting Indian lands and aifairs is one tending 
 to help conditions of the full-blood Indian and will result in much good to this 
 class of our citizens. It gives him the same protection as of yore, but more 
 than this, it will give him his money from royalties, land leases, or permit him 
 to sell his surplus land and provide for himself and family when he needs it 
 -Without long waits and uncertainties as practiced under the present system. 
 The fact is the Government practices more sentiment than practical sense 
 toward the Indian than is good for him. Mr. Hastings knows the conditions 
 here thoroughly and his measure before Congress is receiving popular indorse- 
 ment at home. 
 
 The above is taken from the Standard-Sentinel, published in 
 Adair County. 
 
 [Muskogee Times-Democrat, Feb. 15, 1916.] 
 
 If the Oklahoma delegation in Congress will stand as unitedly back of the 
 Hastings bill, which provides giving the commission in Oklahoma Federal 
 jurisdiction over all matters pertaining to the individual Indian as they did 
 on the question of Indian payments the bill will become a law. We regard 
 the passage of the Hastings bill as of more local importance— that is, of im- 
 portance to eastern Oklahoma — than any other piece of legislation before 
 Congress. 
 
 [Muskogee Times-Democrat, .Tan. 2T, 1910.] 
 EVERYBODY FOE THIS BILL. 
 
 We have discussed the Hastings bill, which seeks to transfer final jurisdic- 
 tion and individual Indian matters from Washington to Oklahoma, with a 
 number of men and have yet to find one who is not heartily in favor of the 
 bill. If this bill could be referred to the Indians themselves by referendum, 
 the result would be practically unanimous in its favor. While the white people 
 of this State, having dealings with the Indian agency and Interior Department 
 are thoroughly disgusted with the situation, yet the bulk of the white race 
 know little about this matter, while every Indian is thoroughly disgusted with 
 the system of red tape and delay. 
 
FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OP INDIANS. 183 
 
 [Muskogee Times-Demoorat.] 
 MAKING A START. 
 
 The introduction by Congresssnlan Hastings of a bill to confer upon tlie 
 Superintendent for the Five Civilized Tribes the authority now exercised bv 
 the Secretary of the Interior with respect to the allotted lands and moneys of 
 restricted Indians has had one good effect, as the Secretary of the Interior has 
 already isssued an order conferring final authority upon the superintendent at 
 Muskogee to approve all agricultural leases. 
 
 Final authority should be given the superintendent over oil leases, the 
 removal of restrictions, and the payment of claims against restricted Indians 
 out of their funds. 
 
 When this is done delays will cease, all these matters will be attended to at 
 Muskogee, and eastern Oklahoma will develop rapidly. 
 
 [Muskogee Times-Democrat, .Tan. 15, 1016.] 
 THE STOKY OF. A HALF ACRE. 
 
 Because the transfer of half an acre of land that sold for $.50 had to be 
 approved in Washington instead of in Muskogee a town of 2,000 people has 
 been deprived of a depot on their only line of railroad, deprived of a post 
 office, and deprived of a bank for two months and six days. 
 
 This is a very fair example of the reasons why the Hastings bill should 
 become a law and the head of the Indian Bureau in Muskogee given power to 
 pass finally on minor matters affecting Indians and their property. 
 
 The town of Kusa needed a depot. The railroad ordered the depot built. 
 But it was necessary to have ground to build it on. This meant buying 
 half an acre of ground from a restricted Indian. The trade was made with 
 the Indian in five minutes. He got $50 for his half acre and made a deed. It 
 was an ordinary business transaction. But here is where the present ridicu- 
 lous, cumbersome system in handling Indian matters commenced to grind. 
 That deed to the half acre had to be sent to Washington for approval. The 
 usual happened. It took just 67 days to get the deed back from Washington. 
 It was only a $50 transaction, and yet the 2,000 people of Kusa were forced 
 to wait those 67 days before the railroad could begin work on the depot. Until 
 the depot is built there can be no postoffice established, and unless there is a 
 post office no bank. The application for a post office has been delayed 67 days. 
 The application for a bank charter has been delayed because of lack of a 
 post office and the people forced to do their banking elsewhere for these same 
 67 days. 
 
 Here is a trivial matter of approving a deed to $50 worth of land that could 
 have been passed upon and settled in Muskogee in two hours. But it has to be 
 sent to Washington and a certain amount of red tai^e wound aliout it and then 
 unwound, and when the department clerk finally found it c(jnvenient to write 
 his name on it 60 days had elapsed, 60 days in which no account was taken of 
 the inconvenience and hardship of the 2,000 people at Kusa. 
 
 The bill now before Congress would eliminate these exasperating and totally 
 unnecessary delays. 
 
 The following is a Senate resolution unanimously passed by the 
 State senate, and introduced by George AV. Fields, a restricted 
 Choctaw Indian : 
 
 Engrossed senate resolution No. 8. By Fields. 
 
 Whereas there is pending in the Congress "of the United States a measure known 
 as the Hastings bill, which has for its purpose the removal of a portion of 
 the Bureau of Indian Affairs from Washington, D. C, and placing the affairs 
 of certain members of the Five Civilized Tribes under the supervision of 
 the Union Agency, at Muskogee, Okla., and 
 
 Whereas by so doing the "red-tape" methods which have been m vogue smce 
 the early days of such Indian tribes in Oklahoma ^^'ill be eliminated, and 
 
184 FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OF INDIANS. 
 
 tlius relieve all concerned of the unnecessary burdens which are so eminently 
 in evidence in long-range government ; and 
 Whereas Oklahoma stands to-day in the foremost ranks of the States of the 
 American Union in advancement and has just cause to expect encourage- 
 ment and assistance from the Federal Government in affairs over which 
 control is retained and exercised : Tlierefore be it 
 
 lii-Kolccd hy the senate of the fifth Jcfiislature of the State of Oklahoma 
 in (■■firaordiuarii session assemhlecl, That we earnestly memorialize the Congress 
 of the United States to enact into law the Hastings bill, and thus remove the 
 obstacles that surround certain property riglits in Oklahoma, in order that 
 the material advancement of the State be not retarded and that the better- 
 ment of this class of citizens be brought about. 
 Passed by the senate February 19, 1916. 
 
 E. L. Mitchell, 
 President por tempore of the Senate. 
 Attest : 
 
 Joe S. Mokeis, 
 
 Seeretary of the Senate. 
 Correctly engrossed. 
 
 M. S. Blassingame, 
 Chairman Committee on Enrolled and Engrossed Bills. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. You will see from these extracts which I have 
 placed in the record that the bill has been extensively commented 
 upon, and if there had been a single protest by any living Indian in 
 Oklahoma, certainly it would have come to the knowledge of the 
 officials in the office of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs. More 
 than that, I want to say that the resolution of the Oklahoma State 
 senate indorsing the bill was passed unanimously. 
 
 I introduced this resolution not alone as an expression of the 
 sentiment of the members of the State senate of Oklahoma, but for 
 the purpose of in\'iting the attention of the committee to the fact 
 that up in the right-hand corner of the copy of the resolution is the 
 name of the author, a Mr. Fields. The resolution was introduced 
 by Senator George W. Fields, wlio went to school at the male semi- 
 nary and graduated from that school. He represents my senatorial 
 district in the State Legislature of Oklahoma. By reference to the 
 rolls you will find he is enrolled as a half-blood Indian, and in order 
 that iie might have personal control of his homestead or his money 
 that man would have to humiliate himself by having his application 
 sent here to Washington in order to have the necessary authority 
 granted by the Commissioner of Indian Affairs or by the Secretary 
 of the Interior, before he can have his restrictions removed. 
 
 This bill simply gives Mr. Parker, the superintendent at Muskogee, 
 tlie authority to pass on these matters out there, without having to 
 send them on here and cause unnecessary delay. 
 
 I want to say to you, Mr. Chairman and gentlemen of the com- 
 mittee, in reference to Mr. Parker, that there is one man in Oklahoma 
 against whom there is not a breath of suspicion, and I defy any man 
 to bring aught against the reputation for honesty, efficiency, and in- 
 tegTity of Gabe E. Parker. The only reason it has been referred to 
 here is that there has been a little pamphlet put out by somebody 
 claiming to show that Mr. Parker's appointment was" a political 
 appointment. 
 
 I notice in one or two of the circular letters which have been 
 written there is something said that this was a political appointment, 
 and that is the reason, as I understand it, that Mr. Carter has made 
 reference to it here, to show that it was not a political appointment, 
 
FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OF INDIANS. 185 
 
 that it was not made upon the recommendation of any member of the 
 Oklahoma delegation in Congress. 
 
 I am anxious and ready always to protect the Indians, and I never 
 intend to cast a vote in Congress, while I have the honor to' represent 
 the- second congressional district of Oklahoma, for any measure 
 which, m my judgment, would be detrimental to them. Upon an- 
 other occasion I will ha\e some other views to present as to what 
 ought to be done for the Indian, how we can best proceed to make 
 him a substantial citizen of the State, but I do not intend to go into 
 that now. 
 
 I want to conclude by saying that those Indians were made citizens 
 of the United States by the act of March 3, 1901, 15 years ago, and 
 to repeat again and again that this bill does not take away any super- 
 vision over them. It simply transfers the super^'ision from the office 
 of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs and the Secretary of the In- 
 terior here to an honest, upright, competent official in Oklahoma, 
 before whom the Indian can go and present his case and secure 
 prompt action there in Muskogee. In my judgment all this other 
 matter that has been brought in here with reference to probate 
 matters and with reference to wills, and a lot of other matters is 
 foreign to the subject matter of this bill and is simply brought in 
 here to muddy the Avater. 
 
 There is but one issue in this bill and that is. Are you in favor of 
 " long-distance govermnent," or are you in favor of having an honest, 
 competent official upon the ground to pass upon these matters 
 promptly ? 
 
 I want to say I have always been, I am now, and I always will be 
 in favor of having a local, competent official to pass upon these 
 matters. That is the reason why the first bill I introduced when I 
 entered this Congress was this bill to transfer this authority to the 
 local official in Oklahoma. No man can say that my record shows 
 that I have not been for the Indian in Oklahoma. 
 
 As I said before, and, if you will pardon me for saying it again, I 
 have represented the Indians for 25 years in the local courts out 
 there, in the United States Court of Claims, and I have represented 
 them in the Supreme Court of the United States. I Avent into those 
 early cases where they said there was graft in them, those cases re- 
 ferred to as the probate cases, and helped to fight them out. 
 
 I am one of those who went in and helped to clear out some judges 
 referred to by the commission, and I have always been found on the 
 side of the Indian. It is my judgment, and the judgment of the two 
 United States Senators from Oklahoma, and also the judgment of 
 everybody who represents Oklahoma in the House of Eepresentatives, 
 and it is the judgment of every single Indian in Oklahoma that this 
 legislation is in the interest of the Indian. Certainly, if this was bad 
 legislation, you would have gotten a protest against it from at least 
 one Indian in Oklahoma. 
 
 I thank the committee very much for your patience and attention. 
 
 The Chairmax. Are you in favor of local self-government ? 
 
 Mr. Hastings. I knew if this bill were introduced giving this 
 authority to some local county judge or district judge elected by the 
 people of Oklahoma that the representatives of the Indian Office 
 would come here and say that politics would control it, and I wanted 
 
186 FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OF INDIANS. 
 
 to get around that, and I wanted to obviate that very thing, and hence 
 I wanted to confer the jurisdiction on a man who was a Government 
 appointee, a man nominated by the President of the United States 
 and confirmed by the Senate of the United States, against whom 
 there could be no breath of suspicion. 
 
 Mr. Gandt. Is it not a fact that when the Indians had their own 
 tribal government they got along very well ? 
 
 Mr. Hastings. The difference between these Indians and the others 
 is, that up to 10 or 15 years ago they managed their own private 
 affairs, and you took away their freedom 10 or 15 years ago, and you 
 have turned the hand of advancement backward. They had their 
 own government, they had their own laws, they did as they pleased 
 with their own pro)3erty. they handled their own money, they paid 
 their own debts. It was that way for a century, up to the time a fe-\v 
 years after tlie appointment of the Dawes Commission. When they 
 went in to administer the affairs of the Indians Congress by legisla- 
 tion took away the authority from the individual members of the 
 Five Civilized Tribes. So that the members of these Five Civilized 
 Tribes are not like the other Indians that have been referred to here. 
 Those Indians were not members of the constitutional conventions of 
 the various States; they are not members of the legislature, they did 
 not take an active part in the affairs of the State, they did not have 
 their own local self-government, their governors, and legislatures, 
 and all that sort of thing. Those people never dealt with their own 
 affairs like the members of the Five Civilized Tribes. All the mem- 
 bers of the Five Civilized Tribes for a century before the appoint- 
 ment of the Dawes Commission had been managing their own affairs. 
 They traded with and dealt with the best of the white people, either 
 in the Indian Territory or the surrounding States; they were bank- 
 ers, were merchants, lawyers, farmers, laborers, and business men of 
 every kind. They did as they pleased with their own property. 
 
 It is said by the Indian Office to an old Indian, decrepit, with one 
 foot in the grave, if he wants to sell 10 acres of land worth $25, the 
 office is unwilling to grant that authority to the local official who is 
 appointed by the President of the United States and confirmed by 
 the Senate. 
 
 I do not believe when this committee understands this situation, 
 or when the Congress of the United States understands this situa- 
 tion, they Avill say that every one of these little matters shall have to 
 be sent here to Washington, 1,500 miles from Oklahoma. I do noi 
 believe they will say that the Sujoerintendent of the Five Civilized 
 Tribes shall simply lie a forwarding clerk to the Commissioner of 
 Indian Affairs. 
 
 I have been careful throughout this entire discussion to say nothing 
 by way of personal criticism of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs 
 nor of the Assistant Commissioner of Indian Affairs, but I am 
 against the system. I would not care if my brother were Commis- 
 sioner of Indian Affairs or occupied any position there, I would be 
 against the system just the same. I am unalterably against this 
 system. I am in favor of sending these cases back where they can be 
 promptly and safely transferred and handled by an honest official 
 at Muskogee. 
 
 Here is a man in this official position as' Superintendent of the 
 Five Civilized Tribes who has had charge of the expenditure. of 
 
FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OF INDIANS. 187 
 
 $175,000 in salaries, and yet the Indian Office officials say you can not 
 trust that man to pass upon the removal of restrictions on 10 acres 
 of land which is only worth 50 cents an acre. I do not believe the 
 members of this committee will agree with that. 
 
 It is agreed here that 90 or 95 per cent of the oil leases go through 
 the Indian Office here as a matter of course. Therefore, by not giv- 
 ing this authority to this Government official down there there are 
 7,650 letters or reports which have to be sent from the Superintend- 
 ent of the Five Civilized Tribes to the Indian Office here, and equally 
 as many letters have to be sent back from the Indian Office to the 
 superintendent. The superintendent, as it is now, is simply a for- 
 warding clerk. 
 
 The CHAiR3rA>^ Would you be in favor of turning over the Indians 
 to the care of the State of Oklahoma? 
 
 Mr. Hastixos. That is not involved in this case, Mr. Chairman. 
 That is the fight which the commissioner would like to inject into 
 it, but it is not involved in the question now before the committee, 
 so far as this bill is concerned. The superintendent is a Federal 
 official nominated by the President of the United States and con- 
 firmed by the Senate, and if this man is not a high-class man, then 
 another man could be appointed. This is not a fight for Gabe E. 
 Parker, although I do not believe there is any higher class man. But 
 if he is not a big enough man, if he is not competent, remove him 
 and send somebody there who is competent to fill the position. This 
 is not a personal fight ; it is a fight for a principle. 
 
 Mr. Norton. I recognize the gentleman is very well acquainted 
 with the Indian situation in Oklahoma, and I wanted to get his 
 opinion as to whether it would not be a good thing for the Federal 
 Government to relinquish all control over the Indians in Oklahoma 
 and over their property and allow them to become full citizens in 
 every way of the State of Oklahoma and take their rightful place 
 in the Government and in the business life of that State. 
 
 Mr. Hastings. It would take me longer to discuss it than the com- 
 mittee has at its disposal to-day. It is a question that is very im- 
 portant. I have thought a great deal about it, and it is a question 
 concerning which I have a very decided opinion, but it would take 
 me some time to outline my views in full. I know I have trespassed 
 upon the time of the committee too much already, but with the per- 
 mission of yourself and that of the committee I will be glad to give 
 my views about it. 
 
 Mr. Norton. I would like to know what you think about that. 
 Can you not answer yes or no to my question ? 
 
 Mr. Hastings. I can not answer that simply by yes or no. Briefly 
 stated, I would not remove all restrictions. I have never favored 
 that and do not favor it now. That is not involved in this bill. I 
 do favor a larger removal of restrictions from the Indian. If I had 
 my way I would remove the restrictions either conditionally or un- 
 conditionally off of all the surplus bonds of all adult Indians when 
 
 Then' I would have more expert farmers appointed, and with the 
 proceeds derived from the sale of this land that is sold I would have 
 these expert farmers help the Indian, instruct him how to inclose his 
 land and put it in a state of cultivation, and with this money secured 
 
188 FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OF INDIANS. 
 
 from the proceeds of the sale of the land I would help him buy some 
 horses and some chickens and some hogs, and I would help him build 
 a house and teach him agriculture. I would have him grow cotton 
 and corn and other things adapted to the soil and make him entirely 
 self-sustaining. That is what I would do with the proceeds of the 
 money derived from the sale of the land of the incompetent class of 
 restricted Indians. As to those found competent I would remove 
 their restrictions at once unconditionally and turn them loose without 
 anjf supervision of any kind. 
 
 That is my real solution of tlie Indian question, but in order to 
 amplify that I would have to take a good deal of time. I believe the 
 Indian would get more good out of his land if he were taught to 
 cultivate it and made a self-reliant citizen of Oklahoma. He would 
 be an honor to himself, to his famity, and to his State. 
 
 RECAPITULATION. 
 
 First. It is the history of every department in Washington that 
 none of them ever want to give up any jurisdiction. They want 
 it all centered in Washington. They want to retain all supervision 
 here. 
 
 A representative of the Indian Office appeared before the com- 
 mittee and, in our judgment, presented a lot of matter wholly for- 
 eign to the issues iuA^olved in this bill. Among other things, he 
 referred to the necessity for supervision of probate matters in Okla- 
 homa. He invited attention to some cases tried there a few years 
 ago, just after Statehood. This has nothing to do with the merits 
 of this bill, because the present Indian appropriation bill carries 
 $85,000 for probate attorneys in Oklahoma. The bill under dis- 
 cussion does not take away any of that supervision, and we respect- 
 fully submit that the introduction of these matters is only intended 
 to encumber the record and confuse the issue. Let us not dodge the 
 issue by attempting to distract attention. 
 
 Second. He advocated a change of the law providing for more 
 supervision in the approval of agricultural leases. This is wholly 
 foreign to a discussion of this bill. The bill retains all the super- 
 vision with reference to the approval of agricultural leases now 
 provided by law. The only thing this bill seeks to do is to transfer 
 this supervision to a local man in Oklahoma. The issue should not 
 be confused. It should be met squarely. Is it better for this super- 
 vision to be made by a competent, trustworthy man in Oklahoma than 
 to transmit all matters by mail 1,500 miles to a clerk at the head of 
 some bureau ? This is the point. 
 
 Third. It is recommended that the law with reference to the ap- 
 proval of wills be changed. This is also foreign to the subject, as 
 the bill does not seek to change the law in this respect. 
 
 Fourth. It is charged that the superintendent of the Five Civilized 
 Tribes is a political office. It was created by the act of August 1, 
 1914. The present incumbent, Gabe E. Parker, was nominated by 
 the President and confirmed by the Senate. The hearings show that 
 he was not recommended by any of the members of the Oklahoma 
 delegation and by no person in Oklahoma, that he was the personal 
 selection of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, and that he was 
 
FIVE CIVILIZED TKIBES OF INDIANS. 189 
 
 selected solely upon merit. Hence, I submit that such an argument 
 IS wholly unjustified. 
 
 Mr. Parker is an educated, competent, high-class man. There has 
 not been so much as a breath of suspicion against him, and no insinu- 
 ^^'?? 1, ^^ '-^ incompetent. He was formerly at the head of one 
 o± the schools m Oklahoma. He is a member of the Choctaw Tribe 
 o± Indians and thoroughly familiar with conditions in Oklahoma 
 He IS m deep sympathy with the Indians of that State. He was 
 a member of the constitutional convention of Oklahoma and later 
 appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate as Eegister 
 of the Ireasury. He was finally selected for his present responsible 
 position upon the recommendation of the present Commissioner of 
 Indian Affairs. 
 
 These facts are not known to many associations, newspapers, and 
 philanthropic citizens of the United States who have the interest 
 of the Indian at heart. They are led to believe that this bill turns 
 over the supervision of the affairs of the Indians to a local official 
 elected by the citizens of Oklahoma and who would, therefore, be 
 influenced by the people who elect him. This is not true, as the 
 superintendent of the Five Civilized Tribes is a Federal official. 
 The Commissioner of Indian Affairs, the Assistant Commissioner of 
 Indian Affairs, and the Secretary of the Interior are nominated by 
 the President and confirmed by the Senate. They are Federal offi- 
 cials, as is the Superintendent of the Five Civilized Tribes. 
 
 These hearings show that neither the Secretary of the Interior nor 
 the Commissioner of Indian Affairs passes upon any of the matters 
 affected by this bill. On the other hand, the hearings show that when 
 they come through the mail they are referred to some clerk of a 
 bureau paid $1,800 or $2,000 per annum, who, in effect, sits in judg- 
 ment upon the acts of the Superintendent of the Five Civilized 
 Tribes. Let us not confuse the issue. What this bill seeks to do is to 
 have final supervision lodged in the Superintendent for the Five 
 Civilized Tribes. 
 
 Fifth. The Kagama case (118 U. S., 375) is quoted from. This 
 was a case certified up from the circuit court of appeals in 1886 and 
 is a criminal case involving the constitutional question as to whether 
 or not Congress can confer jurisdiction upon a Federal court in 
 criminal matters over a crime committed by one Indian upon another 
 in a reservation within a State. In it the court took occasion to re- 
 mark that oftentimes there was prejudice against the Indian in the 
 State in which a reservation was located. This is not a happy argu- 
 ment against the pending bill for many reasons. 
 
 The Indians in the Kagama case were reservation Indians. Their 
 lands had not been allotted, and they were not citizens of the United 
 States. They had never been made citizens of the United States, as in 
 the case of members of the Five Civilized Tribes, who were made 
 citizens by the act of March 3, 1901. The Five Tribes have had gov- 
 ernments of their own for the past 100 years, and they take part in 
 the local affairs of Oklahoma as actively as white men. The truth 
 is the history of that State for the past few years completely refutes 
 the charge that there is any race prejudice. More than 2,000,000 
 people are now living in Oklahoma ; over one-half dwell in the east- 
 ern part, which was formerly occupied by the Five Civilized Tribes. 
 
190 FIVE CIVILIZED TEIBES OF INDIANS. 
 
 There were enrolled of all classes 101,521 members, one-third of whom 
 are now dead. Hence it will be seen that more than 100 white persons 
 live in eastern Oklahoma to each member of the Five Tribes. Not- 
 withstanding this, a large number of enrolled Indians were elected as 
 delegates to the constitutional convention which framed the organic 
 law of the State. Eiley Copeland, A. S. Wyly, J. T. Edmondson, 
 C. O. Frye, O. H. P. Brewer were all Cherokees; W. N. Littlejohn 
 was an enrolled intermarried citizen of the Cherokee Nation; Gabe 
 E. Parker was a Choctaw ; and Henry Cloud was a Cherokee. Many 
 others, whom I do not now recall, were elected members of the con- 
 stitutional convention. The president of that convention was Con- 
 gressman Murray, an intermarried Chickasaw citizen. Will any- 
 one say the above showing indicates prejudice on the part of the 
 people of Oklahoma against the enrolled members of the Five Civ- 
 ilized Tribes? 
 
 Let us investigate a little further. Hon. E. L. Owen was elected 
 one of our first Senators, and Plon. C. D. Carter, a member of this 
 committee, was elected a Member of Congress. Both are enrolled 
 citizens. Hon. J. S. Davenport is an intermarried Cherokee citizen 
 and a Member of Congress. Hon. W. H. Murray is a member of Con- 
 gress and a member of this committee. The author of this bill is an 
 enrolled Cherokee citizen. Certainly the reasoning by the court in the 
 Kagama case would not apply to Oklahoma. . 
 
 I might add in this connection that a very large number of the 
 county officers in Oklahoma, and members of the State legislature, 
 are members of the Five Civilized Tribes. Everyone in Oklahoma 
 knows that there is no prejudice against a member of these tribes. 
 His race is not inquired into. All officers are nominated at a primary 
 and are elected at a general election. Hence we insist that the refer- 
 ence to the Kagama case is not a happy one. 
 
 Sixth. The hearings show that 7,650 letters were forwarded to the 
 Department of the Interior last year by the Superintendent of the 
 Five Civilized Tribes and that 7,694 letters were received by him 
 from the department. Excluding Sundays, the superintendent signed 
 and forwarded more than 25 letters and reports each day to the 
 department and received as many from Washington. 
 
 Our contention is that the making of reports and the reading of 
 letters to and from the department take up practically all of his time 
 and leave but little time in which he can give attention to the im- 
 portant duties of his office. If the bill is enacted into law, all this 
 would be corrected. 
 
 In addition, 116,570 miscellaneous letters were received in the 
 office of the Superintendent of the Five Ci^'ilized Tribes and 144,402 
 miscellaneous letters sent out. If matters brought to his attention 
 could be acted upon in Muskogee expeditiously and not sent to 
 Washington, untold thousands of these letters would never be writ- 
 ten. A great deal of the stenographic and clerical help could be 
 dispensed with and the salaries paid them could be used in paying 
 expert farmers, placed in convenient localities among the restricted 
 members of the tribe, who could give them personal attention, aid 
 and encourage them in improving their homes and farms, and be of 
 much more substantial benefit to the real Indian. At present, so 
 far as I am advised, there is not an expert farmer doing exclusive 
 farm work. It is true that some employees are carried upon the pay 
 
FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OF INDIANS. 191 
 
 roll as expert farmers, but practically all of them are doing admin- 
 istrative work. Very few, if any, are doing expert farm Avork ex- 
 clusively. The hope of the Indian needing assistance lies in teaching 
 him farming and stock raising. Instead of doing this, the Govern- 
 ment is expending $185,000 annually for clerical help mostly in a 
 forwarding office at Muskogee, and is not spending money on men 
 to go among the Indians and render them encouraging assistance in 
 their daily tasks. 
 
 Seventh. Our contention is further that there would be a great 
 saving of clerical help in the office of Commissioner of Indian Af- 
 fairs and the Secretary of the Interior if these matters were not 
 forwarded here. 
 
 Eighth. The Commissioner of Indian Affairs should look after the 
 broader questions affecting Indians, should shape the policy of the 
 Government as to them, and should be glad to be rid of the numerous 
 little detailsl incident to this work. No business man at the head 
 of a great institution attempts to give attention to minor details. 
 That responsibility is given to others. Congress intended to confer 
 larger authority upon the Superintendent of the Five Civilized 
 Tribes by the act of August 1, 1914, just as this bill does. 
 
 The members of the Five Civilized Tribes want their tribal affairs 
 wound up. The Choctaws and Chickasaws want sold their coal and 
 asphalt lands, as well as the remainder of their unallotted lands, in- 
 cluding surface and timber lands, and the proceeds divided among 
 them. The members of the other tribes are equally anxious to have 
 their affairs wound up as expeditiously as possible. 
 
 The Dawes Commission was created by the act of March 3, 1893, 
 23 years ago. More than one-third of the enrolled members of the 
 tribes are dead, and yet the affairs of some of the tribes, particularly 
 Choctaws and Chickasaws, will not be wound up for years. 
 
 We insist that the time of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs 
 should be devoted to the larger tribal questionSj so that their settle- 
 ment may be expedited rather than to the affairs of the individual 
 Indian. 
 
 Ninth. Every Indian in Oklahoma favors this bill. At least, not 
 one has lodged a protest against it. These hearings indicate that the 
 Five Civilized Tribes have had schools of their own — common 
 schools, high schools, and boarding schools — for 100 years. Many of 
 their members are graduates of the various colleges and institutions 
 of learning in the United States. Many other members are leading 
 lawyers, doctors, farmers, bankers, and business men of every kind. 
 This bill was introduced on the first day Congress convened, Decem- 
 ber 6, 1916, and has been extensively commented on in the press 
 throughout Oklahoma, and yet no protest has been filed on behalf of 
 a single Indian. 
 
 Tenth. Every white man who is a citizen of Oklahoma and who is 
 not in the employ of the Indian Office, so far as the hearings show 
 and in so far as the author is advised, faVors the passage of this bill. 
 
 Eleventh. The hearings show that this bill has been favorably com- 
 mented upon and analyzed by a large number of newspapers 
 throughout Oklahoma. 'A number of the clippings have been filed 
 with these hearings. It has not been unfavorably criticized by any 
 newspaper. 
 
192 FIVE CIVILIZED TEIBES OF INDIANS. 
 
 Twelfth. All the members of the Oklahoma delegation favor the 
 bill. Senator Owen has introduced a similar bill in the Senate. 
 
 Thirteenth. The State senate of Oklahoma unanimously passed a 
 resolution favoring the bill. The resolution was introduced by a 
 restricted Choctaw Indian, George W. Fields. 
 
 Fourteenth. It can not be controverted but what the sending of all 
 these matters through, first, the local field clerk; second, the Super- 
 intendent of the Five Civilized Tribes; third, the Commissioner of 
 Indian Affairs; and, fourth, the Secretary of the Interior — shown 
 by the hearings to pass through 11 different hands — must occasion 
 delays and criticism against the department and militates against 
 the Indian, and the system has unquestionably aroused more preju- 
 dice against the Indian and occasioned more insistent demands for 
 the repeal of all legislation for the supervising of the affairs of indi- 
 vidual Indians than anj^thing else. Unless changed it will ultimately 
 destroy the Indian. 
 
 Fifteenth. The interests of the restricted Indian can best be sub- 
 served by inviting the cooperation of the local officers and the citi- 
 zens of Oklahoma' and not by wholesale criticism of them. A repre- 
 sentative of the department can not have any influence with a court 
 or jury, and can not, therefore, protect the restricted Indian unless 
 he invites their cooperation and assistance. 
 
 As in all new States, when Oklahoma was first organized some in- 
 justices were done the Indian, but when public attention was called 
 to them a splendid citizenship was aroused, and the unworthy offi- 
 cials were driven from their places of trust. Juries unhesitatingly 
 convicted those who sought to despoil the Indian. 
 
 The report of the Secretary of the Interior shows that the Supreme 
 Court of Oklahoma has promulgated rules for the guidance of the 
 probate courts of the State, and that all the courts through the State 
 are now working in harmony with the probate attorneys there. It 
 served no good purpose, however, for the representative of the Indian 
 Office to refer to this matter before the Indian Committee for two 
 reasons, first, because the things criticized happened while the de- 
 partment had supervision, and, second, the bill under discussion does 
 not do away with the probate attorneys. 
 
 •Sixteenth. The department has seen fit to file certain letters and 
 circulars from people throughout the East, who are not acquained 
 with local conditions in Oklahoma, but who get their information 
 solely through the department. Inasmuch as the same references and 
 arguments are used in all of them, we may reasonably infer how they 
 originated. 
 
 Seventeenth. Finally, permit us to say that this bill affects Oklahoma 
 only and we desire to repeat that every Indian there, as well as every 
 white man, the two United States Senators, every Member of Con- 
 gress representing Oklahoma, every newspaper in Oklahoma, and 
 the State senate of Oklahoma^ after the fullest discussion and closest 
 •analysis of this bill, all favor its enactment. Can it be that they are 
 all in error? Certainly, if this were not a meritorious bill, after all 
 the discussions which the hearings show have been had upon it in the 
 press throughout Oklahoma, some person, Indian or white, residing 
 in that State would be ^f ound to protest against it. We submit that 
 this bill should be promptly enacted into law. Sending all mattai-s 
 to Washington for approval delays the development of the Indian's 
 
FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES OF INDIANS. 193 
 
 property. Preparation can not be made to begin wotk on an agricul- 
 tural lease until it is approved and returned, and contracts can not 
 be let to drill oil leases until the action of the authorities at Washing- 
 top is known. In order to expedite consideration of matters trans- 
 mitted here for approval a large number of lessees come to the de- 
 partment, either in person or by attorney, and all these delays and 
 expenses could be avoided if final action were had at Muskogee. 
 
 The insinuations and criticisms expressed and implied by the rep- 
 resentative of the Indian Office in the hearings before the committee 
 against the people of Oklahoma can not be but detrimental to the 
 restricted members of the Five Civilized Tribes. They are residents 
 and citizens of that State, vote and hold office there, attend the pub- 
 lic schools, and receive the protection of the State's laws. Under 
 existing legislation, within a few years all of their restrictions will 
 be removed, when they will need the sympathetic cooperation and 
 not the antagonism of the splendid citizenship of which they are a 
 part and among M'hom they dwell. 
 
 I am determined that the issue presented by this bill shall not be 
 confused. It is this: Does Congress favor the supervision of indi- 
 vidual affairs of the restricted members of the Five Civilized Tribes 
 by a competent, trustworthy, and efficient Federal official in Okla- 
 homa, known as the Superintendent of the Five Civilized Tribes, 
 nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate, with a 
 salary of $5,000 per annum, or does Congress favor supervision by a 
 clerk or inferioi' official in the office of the Commissioner of Indian 
 Affairs or Secretary of the Interior, located in Washington? 
 
 ADDITIONAL STATEMENT OF MR. MERITT. 
 
 Mr. Mekitt. Mr. Chairman, I want to ask that there be inserted 
 in the record the statement that if any remarks that I have made 
 contained even an intimation of a reflection upon Mr. Parker I de- 
 sire to withdraw it. There is no man for whom I have a higher 
 regard than Mr. Parker. 
 
 Mr. Hastings made a statement that might be construed as meaning 
 that I was not in favor of investing Mr. Parker with authority to 
 remove restrictions on a 10-acre tract worth $50. 
 
 My objection — and I believe it will be shown to appear clearly 
 in my original statement — is to the general authority to remove re- 
 strictions on all Indian lands. Of course, I know Mr. Parker has 
 ample capacity to act in an individual case such as Mr. Hastings 
 cited. I want to make it perfectly plain and clear that any state- 
 ment that I have made to the committee is not intended in any way 
 to reflect upon the honesty or capacity of Supt. Parker. I consider 
 him my personal friend and hold him in the highest esteem. 
 
 I also want to close my remarks with the same thought with 'sxhich 
 I began it, that any statement I have made before this committee is 
 not intended as a reflection upon any member of the Oklahoma dele- 
 gation in Congress. I hold each one of those Members in the very 
 highest esteem. Neither is my statement intended as a reflection 
 upon the citizenship of the State of Oklahoma. 
 
 (Thereupon, at 5 o'clock p. m., the committee adjourned.) 
 
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