..aoft^ ; ^ ^ I CT"^ %^ I ^^:; i •;iSdi%>,i. u.:^>iB« fK?fr>'>^j^5?f "■'- *'i ^T" 'I'M'iff^ii I I I'lild" iiwViiir-^ *"*- CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY FROM ristor;; ^eet F 547C3*^B6"' ""'""'"V library ^^ Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://archive.org/details/cu31924028805014 Jlfsrz,, BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW -OF-- IJ ll 1 I r illit|0if dtontaining biographical 0ketcl)e0 of pioneer© anb Ceabing €iti^en0. 'Biogra,pby is the only true history/' --Emerson. cia:xa^3-o> BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW PUBLISHING CO. 1892. -•iisSfezr- ^'](^io(fi \ PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. George Washington 9 John Adams 14 Thomas Jefferson 20 James Madi son 26 James Monroe 32 John Quincy Adams 38 Andrew Jackson 47 Martin Van Buren 53 William Henry Harrison 56 John Tyler 60 James K. Polk 64 Zachary Taylor 68 Jlillard Fillmore 7 Franklin Pierce 76 James Buchanan 80 Abraham Lincoln 84 Andrew Johnson !)3 Ulysses S. Grant : 96 R.B.Hayes 102 J. A. Garfield 109 Chester A. Arthur 113 Grover Cleveland 117 Benjamin Harrison 120 ..^^^ '/•- r« 6_ CONTENTS. BIOGI^APHIGAL SI^ETGHES. A Adams, Wm. T 244 Agnew, Jas. M 321 Alexander, W. L 288 Allard, Cad 271 Allen, A. R 366 Allen, D. H :1H2 Allison, Jos 430 AJlphin, G. W 133 Allphin, Z 184 Anderson, E. M 610 Anderson, Frank 820 'Anderson, Robert 580 Anderson, V 405 Angler, F. L 258 Arenz, J. A 236 Armstrong, Thomas 568 Aten, C. L 438 Aten, Robert. 891 Avery, Philander 181 Ayers, M 144 B Bacon, H. M 458 Bader, Wm 291 Bagby, John. C 150 Baker, N.W 541 Baujan, John 496 Baujan, H. J 508 Barneycastle, G. "W 580 Barry, L. T 378 Barton, Thos 406 Baxter, H. B 337 Beatty, J. J 568 Becker, Conrad 538 Beckwith, E. W 208 Bell, Ira 589 Bennett, John. L 238 Berry, F. E 139 Berry, O. A 233 Bertholf, Edward 520 Black, Isaac 549 Black, J. F 138 Black. John. H 296 Black, J. M 174 Black, R. S 616 Black, W.T 133 Blackburn, B. M 369 Bleyer, J. W 523 Blose, D.A 474 Bokemeier, Chas 246 BoUe, B. H 488 Bollman, W. C 201 Boone, N. H 471 Bordenkircher, Geo 143 Bowe, Mrs. M. F 606 Boyd,Mark 160 Boyd, Richard 540 Brackenridge, W. H 357 Bradbury, J. T 159 Brannan, Stephen 531 Briar, Joseph ; . . . 273 Brockman, Wash 131 Brockschmidt, Christian 503 Broker, Wm A 287 Brooks, Martin 164 Brown, Robt 280 Browning, J. J 398 Brumback, W. L 504 Buck, J.J 318 Buracker, Wm 153 Burnside, Wm. H 361 Bush, Richard 533 Byrns, G. A 341 C Cady, F. E 507 Cady, Henry 209 Cady, .Al. E 283 Calef, S. L 146 Campbell, G. S 320 Campbe^.l, Geo. W 515 Campbell, L. C 313 Campbell, Pauline 464 Campbell, Wm 365 Carles, L. M 166 Carls, J. H 458 Carr, David 446 Carter, Thomas H 259 Chalfant, T. J 497 Clark, Abner A 323 Clark, Ellas 522 Clark, F. A 439 Clark, J. H 539 Clark, J. K 187 Clark, J. T 316 Clark, L. W 188 Clark, T.J 206 Clark, W. A 316 Cleek, M. M 403 Clifford, Michael 176 Coil, A. 8 488 Coleman, Wm. H 270 Colt, D. P 389 Coningham, Grove 289 Conover, Geo 367 Cook, S. W 541 Cosner, Jos. L 350 Cox, Wm. M 164 Cramer, Englebert 576 Crampton, S. C 391 Craske, Henry 151 Crawford, Jas 170 Crum,G. W 319 Crum, H.J 448 Crum, Jas 436 Crum, Thos. J 313 Cunningham, A 343 Cunningham, James 416 Cuningham, T. E 513 Curry, P. il 161 D Daniel, J. W 418 Darnell, Jesse 597 Davis, F. E 360 Davis, J. A 307 Davis, J. H 415 Davis, W. B 180 Davis, Wm. J 199 De Counter, Samuel 311 Demaree, W. L 381 Deppe, J. H 396 De Witt, Jas 262 De Witt, Jas. L 497 Dick, Levi 216 Dirreen, John 345 Dodds, David 371 Dodge, J. H 290 Dorsett, C 420 Dorsett, W. D 157 Downing, F. E 584 Druse, W. H 577 Duchardt, Christian 357 Dunlap, CM 491 Dunn, Chas. N 136 Dunn, R. H 865 Dupes, Christian 289 Dyson, Edwin 383 E Edgar, A. C 137 Edmonston, Enoch 195 Edwards, J. M 507 Eifert, Geo. H 260 Elliott, John 333 Ellis, S. E 304 Emmerson, Wm. T 588 Erwin, Geo. W 599 Erwin, Lewis D 461 Evans, Hiram 437 F Fields, G. 1 249 Fischer, Henry Jr 545 Plinn, J. C 387 Foote, John 618 Foster, H. T 179 Frank, Ed S 449 Frankenfield, Theo 473 Freesen, Wm 594 Frey, John. Geo 485 Frisby, Geo. W 525 Fulks, R. B 513 Funk, H. C 612 CONTENTS. G Uapeu, Thos 587 Garm, Henry 442 Garner, I. E 581 Garner, V7. S 433 Gaut, W. P 493 Gerrish, Cynthia 466 Gerrish, Jacob D 466 Gibson, Ira N 480 Gifford, Jos 233 Glandon, John 454 Glaze, W. W 245 Glover, W. S 561 Goodell, J. H 385 Green, Nancy 198 Greeawell, Wm. M 170 Greer, Geo 802 Greer, J. L 578 Greer, M. "W 130 Greve, Henry 417 Griffith, R.H 478 Griffith, W. H 558 Grimwood W. M 516 Grover, Jas 519 Grover, H. P 530 H Haokman, E. F 311 Hackman, Wm SB) Hageman, A. Jj 567 Hagener, Ed 495 Hagener, John H 320 Hager, Lyman 433 Hale, Wm 505 Hall, E. G 445 Hambaugh, J. M 601 Hammer, P. A 243 Hansmeyer, H 137 Harbison, Martha J 853 Harbison, Moses 470 Harding, Peyton 548 Harris, Maro 557 Harshey, Araos. 450 Hash, Ziichariah 490 Hayes, J. "W 579 Heaton, Henry W 401 Heaton, John 379 Hedgcock, A.- J 193 Hedgcook, Joshua 344 Herron, David 148 Herzbeiger, Conrad 399 Hierraan H. A 537 Higgins, J acksnn 279 Hiles,Jas 319 Hill, A 575 Hill, Chas 451 Hill, Israel 859 Hills, John.T , 517 Hindman, Samuel 552 Hines, H 433 Hinman, Mrs. M 5.i6 Hines, H 433 Hoflmau, Geo. H 551 Hoffman, J. V 511 Hood, S. J 271 Horrom, Cyrus 181 Horton, John. P 324 Howell, Jacob 534 Howell, Thos. S 388 Hueschen, Johh 431 Huff.G. P ; 479 Huge, F. W 513 Hunt, Jos 197 Huppers, Wm 136 Hubs, C. J 611 Huss, John. F.. 301 I Irwin, C. N 441 Jackson, Ezra 205 Jackson, Mary .590 Jaques, Hiram 356 Jockisch, Ernest 630 Jockisch, Wm 846 Johnson, C. P 394 Johnston, D. W. (' 600 Jokisch, C. T 145 Jokisch, C. G 141 Jokisch, Philip :!T7 Jones, C. E 210 Jones, Thos 858 Juett, Chas. H- 535 Kallasch, Adolph 403 Keil, H. C 341 Keith, P. R 486 Kendrick, John. G 612 Kennedy, Charles 436 Kerley, King 410 Kerr, John 196 Kircher, John 607 Kirkham, Geo. H 527 Kloker, L. F 298 Knight, Thos 253 Korsmeyer, F. W 153 Korsmeyer, H. H 400 Korte, Henry C 273 Krohe, August 563 Krohe, Henry W 383 Krohe, Fred 259 Krohe, Henry C 310 Krohe, Lewis E 395 Krueger, C. S 467 Kruse, F. H. D 465 Kuhl, George 277 Kuhlraann, Chris 381 Lambert, Wm J 534 Lancaster, lieuben 353 Lane, CM 484 Lang, F. C 340 Larash, W. I 308 Launer, T. C 595 Lawler, J. Thomas 480 Lawrence, Frank 429 Leach, E. D 817 Lee, W. H 392 Leek, H 477 Leeper, A. A 330 Leib, E 571 Lewis, Azariah 233 Linn, D. C 570 Listmann, John 374 Little, Robt 574 Logsdon, Aaron 476 Logsdon, Andrew £26 Logsdon, Joseph 531 Logsdon, Perry 2d3 Lovekamp, H. H 554 Lowry, A. K 175 Lucas, G. W 407 Lucas, Newton 155 Lucas, Wm 384 Lutterell, Mrs. S. B 348 Lyons, Daniel 593 M Main, Z. E 318 Manlove, Wm. B 248 Marshall, A. L 399 Martin, Rachel D 414 Matthew, James D 332 Mayreis, Conrad 314 McCabe, Dr. A. A 560 McCabe, John 159 McCaskill, W. H 583 McClinlock, J. W 539 McCormick, A. B 425 McCoy, G. W 344 McCreery, W. T 494 McDaunold, J.J 194 McDannold, T. 1 346 McParland, R. N 324 McKee, Wm ■. 334 McMaster, R. B 280 McPhail, Angus 536 Mead, A. J 300 Mead, R. H 213 Meats, Isaac 459 Merscher, J. W 356 Merz, John 483 Meserve, N. P 563 Meservey, Joseph 297 Meyer, B>ed 551 Meyer, F. W 304 Meyer, Henry 535 Meyer, H. C 329 Meyer, H. W 274 Milby, E. T 554 Miller, Aaron 280 Miller, Samuel 593 Mills, R. W 253 Milner, R 390 Misenhimer, Isaac 515 Mohlmann, W. G 234 Moore, Alex . . . ." 481 Moore, J. B 278 Moore, S. A 566 Morrell, Wm 434 Morris, J. W 473 Muhlert, Francis 585 Mumford, Wm. N 404 Munroe, Thomas 125 Murphy, J. P 503 CONTENTS. N Neeley , James 484 Neeley, J. E 544 Newbold, H. Y 575 Newman, Robt 453 Nicholson, J. S 344 Nieman, C. E 473 Niestraiit, H. C 553 Noble A. L 343 Nokes, S. D 361 Norbury, C. J 337 O Oetgen, Wm 142 Oetgen, H. W 455 Orr, D. W ...... 588 Orwig, J. W 573 Osborn, R. J 370 Owens, D. W 394 P Parke, Jos 544 Parke, Overton 349 Parrott, Thos. P 327 Parsons, Norman 323 Patteson, Jonathan 138 Patterson, Jas. M 559 Pence, Joseph 323 Perry, 1 241 Perry, Jas 509 Perry, Wm 557 Perslnger, L. G 336 Petefish, S. H .372 Pevehouse, I. N 428 Phelps, Chas. H 531 Philippi, P. P 358 Pilger, C 368 Pilger, Wm 506 Plaster, Jeptha 498 Price, P. C 340 Price, Mrs. Wm 140 Price, Wm. T 305 Prince, F. R 4S4 Pruett, J. S 167 R Ranney, S. T 174 Ravenscroft, Mary P 411 Read, Jas. M 468 Redman, B. F 200 Redfleld, T. M 361 Reeve, S. A 203 Reld Duncan, 294 Reno, W. C 563 Rice, Chauncey 163 Rich, Robert 435 Richardson, Geo. E 574 Rickard, P. W 189 Rigg, J. N 287 Rigg, Peter 309 Rink, Anton 295 Rltchea, George 319 Ritchey, Chas. D 546 Ritchey, P. T 601 Ritchey, Jacob 335 Ritter, Henry D 350 Robinson, J. F 281 Robison, Jas. N 173 Rogge, H. H 404 Hohn,. Casper 238 Rohn, J. Henry . . 331 Rohn, Wm 483 Rottger, P. W 179 Rowland, B. L 564 Rowland, T. J 510 Runkle, Darius 452 Ryan, Thos 249 S Sandidge, John 299 Sands, R. E 604 Saunders, Mrs. C 55.5 Savage, Henry S 355 Scanland, S. W 261 Schaad, Andrew 375 Schaar, Theodore 460 Schaeffer, C. A . . 336 Schewe, Wm 569 Schisler, Lewis 515 Schmitt, Geo. J 485 Schmoldt, H. M 183 Schroder, Samuel il 393 Schroeder, H.J 274 Schultz, H. C 315 Scbultz, John 468 Schuman, Adam 154 Scoggan, W. D 172 Scott, E. J 167 Scott, Leonidas 139 Scott, T. W 188 Scott, T. W 196 Seaman, J. W 231 Seasly, Adam P 336 Seokman, Nancy P 364 Seeley, E. H. O" 184 Serrot, Leonard 448 Settles, Gilcleroy 444 Sewall, Wm 456 Shafer, Mrs. E 169 Shank, John 147 Shupe, W. K 331 Slelschott, A. H 177 Six, A. D 214 Skiles, H. A 518 Skiles, Oswell 375 Slack, N. 6 565 Smith, A. M 363 Smith, D. G 431 Smith, J. J 495 Smith, T. L 469 Snyder, Geo. B 500 Snyder, J. F 604 Snyder, J. H 397 Snyder, J. W 135 Spencer, J. M 207 Spring, Ebenezer Stark, Henry 439 Stephens, Daniel 229 Stevenson, Wm 373 Stock, Casper 422 Stout, A. L 533 Stout, F. M 350 Stover, D. Marion 165 Stribling, 1. M 418 Stutsman, J. S a2o Sutherland, H. R 56? Sutton, Nathan 337 T Talkemeyer, Wm 459 Taylor, Duncan 192 Taylor, H. W 217 Taylor, Robt 427 Teel, Jas. A 185 Thomas, Peter 447 Thomas, Wm 571 Thompson, A. M 801 Thompson, J. D 318 Thron, David 585 Tinney, C. M 368 Treadway, E. N 269 Treadway, W. T 213 Trone, Geo. W 149 Tureman, J. H ...6i4 Tyson, Wm. T 266 U Unland, John 384 Unland, Dr. W. G 591 Utter, G. D 257 V Van Devenler, J. F 191 Van Deventer, L. J 419 Van Deventer, T. R 385 Ventres. Henry '. 347 Vette, Henry 475 W Wagner, George 388 Wagner, Gregory, Jr 364 Walker, C. T 300 Walker, D.N 265 Walker, John H 538 Walker, J. S 617 Ward. Wm. W 393 Warden, F. A 156 Watkins, Jas. M 334 Watts, Thos. W 463 Way, Wm. A 309 Webb, Allen 543 Webb, John 586 Webb, J. W 487 Weigard, Wm 503 Wellfare, F. E 163 Wells, R 149 Wetzel, John. B 311 Whetstone, Marcus 462 Wier, Geo. H 598 "Wight, Jesse 308 Williams, G. W 247 Williams, P. S 420 Williams, R. E 501 Williams, T.R 307 Wilson, B.R 618 Wilson, D. D 276 Wilson, Geo. W. & F. M 619 Wilson, Jas. M 613 CONTENTS. Wilson, Thos 293 Wilson, Wm. B 613 Winhold, F 596 Witte, Henry F 251 Wood, Wra 489 Wright, S. G 492 Wyatt, W. .M 408 Y Young, Mrs. Almira 543 Young, J. A 231 Zahn Henry 550 Zimmer, Lewis, Sr., 573 Zimmer, Lewis, Jr., 597 Zimmerman, Geo. W 440 Zimmerman, Jacob 389 GEORGE WASHINGTON. ^^va» ■■■■■ ■■■^■■■»--^m^-^ ......—..... ^# EORGE WASHING- TON, the " Father of |l his Country" and its first President, 1789- '97, was born Febru- ary 22, 1732, in Wash- ington Parish, West- moreland County, Virginia. His father, Augustine Wash- ington, first married Jane But- ler, who bore him four chil- dren, and March 6, 1730, he married Mary Ball. Of six children by his second mar- riage, George was the eldest, the others being Betty, Samuel, John, Au- gustine, Charles and Mildred, of whom the youngest died in infancy. Little is known of the early years of Washington, beyond the fact that the house in which he was born was burned during his early child- hood, and that his father thereupon moved to another farm, inherited from his paternal ancestors, situated in Stafford County, on the north bank of the Rappahannock, where he acted as agent of the Principio Iron Works in the immediate vicinity, and died there in 1743. From earliest childhood George devel- oped a noble character. He had a vigorous constitution, a fine form, and great bodily strength. His education was somewhat de- fective, being confined to the elementary branches taught him by his mother and at. a neighboring school. He developed, how- ever, a fondness for mathematics, and en- joyed in that branch the instructions of a private teacher. On leaving school he re- sided for some time at Mount Vernon with his half brother, Lawrence, who acted as his guardian, and who had married a daugh- ter of his neighbor at Belvoir on the Poto- mac, the wealthy William Fairfax, for some time president of the executive council of the colony. Both Fairfax and his son-in-law, Lawrence Washington, had served with dis- tinction in 1740 as officers of an American battalion at the siege of Carthagena, and were friends and correspondents of Admiral Vernon, for whom the latter's residence on the Potomac has been named. George's inclinations were for a similar career, and a midshipman's warrant was procured for him, probably through the influence of the Admiral ; but through the opposition of his mother the project was abandoned. The family connection with the Fairfaxes, how- ever, opened another career for the young man, who, at the age of sixteen, was ap- pointed surveyor to the immense estates of the eccentric Lord Fairfax, who was then on a visit at Belvoir, and who shortly after- ward established his baronial residence at Green way Court, in the Shenandoah Valley. PRESIDENTS OF THE UNlT'ED' STATES. Three years were passed by young Wash- ington in a rough frontier life, gaining ex- perience which afterward proved very es- sential to him. In 175 1, when the Virginia militia were put under training wiih a view to active service against France, Washington, though only nineteen years of age, was appointed Adjutant with the rank of Major. In Sep- tember of that year the failing health of Lawrence Washington rendered it neces- sary for him to seek a warmer climate, and Geirge accompanied him in a voyage to Bai ladoes. They returned early in 1752, and Lawrence shortly afterward died, leav- ing h.s large property to an infant daughter. In his will George was named one of the executors and as eventual heir to Mount Vernon, and by the death of the infant niece soon succeeded to that estate. On the ai-rival of Robert Dinwiddle as Lieutenant-Governor of Virginia in 1752 the militia was reorganized, and tlie prov- ince divided into four districts. Washing- ton was commissioned by Dinwiddle Adju- tant-General of the Northern District in 1753, and in November of that year a most important as well as hazardous mission was assigned him. This was to proceed to the Canadian posts recently established on French Creek, near Lake Erie, to demand in the name of the King of England the withdrawal of the French from a territory claimed by Virginia. This enterprise had been declined by more than one officer, since it involved a journey through an ex- tensive and almost unexplored wilderness in the occupancy of savage Indian tribes, either hostile to the English, or of doubtful attachment. Major Washington, however, accepted the commission with alacrity ; and, accompanied by Captain Gist, he reached Fort Le Boeuf on French Creek, delivered his dispatches and received reply, which, of course, was a polite refusal to surrender the posts. This reply was of such a character as to induce the Assembly of Virginia to authorize the executive to raise a regiment of 300 men for the purpose of maintaining the asserted rights of the British crown over the territory claimed. As Washing- ton declined to be a candidate for that post, the command of this regiment was given to Colonel Joshua Fry, and Major Washing- ton, at his own request, was commissioned Lieutenant-Colonel. On the march to Ohio, news was received that a party previously sent to build a fort at the confluence of the Monongahela with the Ohio had been driven back bv a considerable French force, which had completed the work there be- gun, and named it Fort Duquesne, in honor of the Marquis Duquesne, then Governor of Canada. This was the beginning of the great " French and Indian war," which con- tinued seven years. On the death of Colonel Fry, Washington succeeded to the com- mand of the regiment, and so well did he fulfill his trust that the Virginia Assembly commissioned him as Commander-in-Chief of all the forces raised in the colony. A cessation of all Indian hostility on the frontier having followed the expulsion of the French from the Ohio, the object of Washington was accomplished and he re- signed his commission as Commander-in- Chief of the Virginia forces. He then pro- ceeded to Williamsburg to take his seat in the General Assembly, of which he had been elected a member. January 17, 1759, Washington married Mrs. Martha (Dandridge) Custis, a young and beautiful widow of great wealth, and de- voted himself for the ensuing fifteen years to the quiet pursuits of agriculture, inter- rupted only by his annual attendance in winter upon the Colonial Legislature at Williamsburg, until summoned by his country to enter upon that other arena in which his fame was to become world wide. It is unnecessary here to trace the details of the struggle upon the question oi local fiEORGE WASHINGTON. self-government, which, after ten years, cul- minated by act of Parliament of the port of Boston. It was at the instance of Virginia that a congress of all the colonies was called to meet at Philadelphia September 5, 1774, to secure their common liberties — if possible by peaceful means. To this Congress Colonel Washington was sent as a dele- gate. On dissolving in October, it recom- mended the colonies to send deputies to another Congress the following spring. In the meantime several of the colonies felt impelled to raise local forces to repel in- sults and aggressions on the part of British troops, so that on the assembling of the next Congress, May 10, 1775, the war prepara- tions of the mother country were unmis- takable. The battles of Concord and Lex- ington had been fought. Among the earliest acts, therefore, of the Congress was the selection of a commander-in-chief of the colonial forces. This office was unani- mously conferred upon Washington, still a member of the Congress. He accepted it on June 19, but on the express condition he should receive no salary. He immediately repaired to the vicinity of Boston, against which point the British ministry had concentrated their forces. As early as April General Gage had 3,000 troops in and around this proscribed city. During the fall and winter the British policy clearly indicated a purpose to divide pub- lic sentiment and to build up a British party in the colonies. Those who sided with the ministry were stigmatized by the patriots as " Tories," while the patriots took to them- selves the name of " Whigs." As early as 1776 the leading men had come to the conclusion that there was no hope except in separation and indepen- dence. In May of that year Washington wrote from the head of the army in New York : " A reconciliation with Great Brit- ain is impossible When I took command of the army, I abhorred the idea of independence ; but I am now fully satis- fied that nothing else will save us." It is not the object of this sketch to trace the military acts of the patriot hero, to whose hands the fortunes and liberties of the United States were confided during the seven years' bloody struggle that ensued until the treaty of 1783, in which England acknowledged the independence of each of the thirteen States, and negotiated with them, jointly, as separate sovereignties. The merits of Washington as a military chief- tain have been considerably discussed, espe- cially by writers in his own country. Dur- ing the war he was most bitterly assailed for incompetency, and great efforts were made to displace him ; but he never for a moment lost the confidence of either the Congress or the people. December 4, 1783, the great commander took leave of his offi- cers in most affectionate and patriotic terms, and went to Annapolis, Maryland, where the Congress of the States was in session, and to that body, when peace and order prevailed everywhere, resigned his com- mission and retired to Mount Vernon. It was in 1788 that Washington was called to the chief magistracy of the nation. He received every electoral vote cast in all the colleges of the States voting for the office of President. The 4th of March, 1789, was the time appointed for the Government of the United States to begin its operations, • but several weeks elapsed before quorums of both the newly constituted houses of the Congress were assembled. The city of New York was the place where the Congress then met. April 16 Washington left his home to enter upon the discharge of his new duties. He set out with a purpose ot traveling privately, and without attracting any public attention ; but this was impossi- ble. Everywhere on his way he was met with thronging crowds, eager to see the man whom they regarded as the chief de- fender of their liberties, and everywhere PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. he was hailed with those public manifesta- tions of joy, regard and love which spring spontaneously from the hearts of an affec- tionate and grateful people. His reception in New York was marked by a grandeur and an enthusiasm never before witnessed in that metropolis. The inauguration took place April 30, in the presence of an immense multitude which had assembled to witness the new and imposing ceremony. The oath of office was administered by Robert R. Livingston, Chancellor of the State. When this sacred pledge was given, he retired with the other officials into the Senate chamber, where he delivered his inaugural address to both houses of the newly con- stituted Congress in joint assembly. In the manifold details of his civil ad- ministration, Washington proved himself equal to the requirements ol his position. The greater portion of the first session of the first Congress was occupied in passing the necessary statutes for putting the new organization into complete operation. In the discussions brought up in the course of this legislation the nature and character of the new system came under general review. On no one of them did any decided antago- nism of opinion arise. All held it to be a limited government, clothed only with spe- cific powers conferred by delegation from the States. There was no change in the jiame of the legislative department ; it still remained "the Congress of the United States of America." There was no change in the original flag of the country, and none in the seal, which still remains with the Grecian escutcheon borne by the eagle, with other emblems, under the great and expressive motto, " E Pluribus Unwn." The first division of parties arose upon the manner of construing the powers dele- gated, and they were first styled " strict constructionists " and " latitudinarian con- structionists." The former were for con- fining the action of the Government strictly within its specific and limited sphere, while the others were for enlarging its powers by inference and implication. Hamilton and Jefferson, both members of the first cabinet were regarded as the chief leaders, respect ively, of these rising antagonistic parties, which have existed, under different names, from that day to this. Washington 'vas re- garded as holding a neutral position between them, though, by mature deliberation, he vetoed the first apportionment bill, in 1790, passed by the party headed by Hamilton, which was based upon a principle construct- ively leading to centralization or consoli- dation. This was the first exercise of the veto power under the present Constitution. It created considerable excitement at the time. Another bill was soon passed in pur- suance of Mr. Jefferson's views, which has been adhered to in principle in every ap portionment act passed since. At the second session of the new Con. gress, Washington announced the gratify- ing fact of " the accession of North Caro- lina" to the Constitution of 1787, and June I of the same year he announced by special message the like " accession of the State of Rhode Island," with his congratulations on the happy event which " united under the general Government" all the States which were originally confederated. In 1792, at the second Presidential elec- tion, Washington was desirous to retire ; but he yielded to the general wish of the country, and was again chosen President by the unanimous vote of every electoral college. At the third election, 1796, he was again most urgently entreated to consent to remain in the executive chair. This he positively refused. In September, before the election, he gave to his countrymen his memorable Farewell Address, which in lan- guage, sentiment and patriotism was a fit and crowning glory of his illustrious life. After March 4, 1797, he again retired to Mount Vernon for peace, quiet and repose. fiEORGB WASHINGTON. I? His administration for the two terms had been successful beyond the expectation and hopes of even the most sanguine of his friends. The finances of the country were no longer in an embarrassed condition, the public credit was fully restored, life was given to every department of industry, the workings of the new system in allowing Congress to raise revenue from duties on imports proved to be not only harmonious in its federal action, but astonishing in its results upon the commerce and trade of all the States. The exports from the Union increased from $19,000,000 to over $56,000,- 000 per annum, while the imports increased in about the same proportion. Three new members had been added to the Union. The progress of the States in their new career under their new organization thus far was exceedingly encouraging, not only to the friends of liberty within their own limits, but to their sympathizing allies in all climes and countries. Oi the call again made on this illustrious chief to quit his repose at Mount Vernon and take command of all the United States forces, with the rank of Lieutenant-General, when war was threatened with France in 1798, nothing need here be stated, except to note the fact as an unmistakable testimo- nial of the high regard in which he was still held by his countrymen, of all shades of po- litical opinion. He patriotically accepted this trust, but a treaty of peace put a stop to all action under it. He again retired to Mount Vernon, where, after a short and severe illness, he died December 14, 1799, in the sixty-eighth year of his age. The whole country was filled with gloom by this sad intelligence. Men of all parties in poli- tics and creeds in religion, in every State in the Union, united with Congress in " pay- ing honor to the man, first in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his country- men." His remains were deposited in a familj vault on the banks of the Potomac at Mount Vernon, where they still lie entombed. H PRESIDENTS Of THE UNITED STATES. OHN ADAMS, the second President of the United States, 1797 to 1801, was born in the present town , of Quincy, then a portion ■ of Braintree, Massachu- setts, October 30, 1735. His father was a farmer of mod- erate means, a worthy and industrious man. He was a deacon in the church, and was very desirous of giving his son a collegiate educa- tion, hoping that he would become a minister of the gospel. But, as up to this time, the age of fourteen, he had been only a play-boy in the fields and forests, he had no taste for books, he chose farming. On being set to work, however, by his father out in the field, the very first day con- verted the boy into a lover of books. Accordingly, at the age of sixteen he entered Harvard College, and graduated in 1755, at the age of twenty, highly esteemed for integrity, energy and ability. Thus, having no capital but his education, he started out into the stormy world at a time of great political excitement, as France and England were then engaged in their great seven-years struggle for the mastery over the New World. The fire of patriotism seized young Adams, and for a tini^SS 4" ^ -i/- ^ tsl/- ^ -d- ^ «a'ff ^5^9" "^ -T- ^ T* ^ -T- #~"-T^©acrja^^Ol®) ■l^ * "T- ^ •^ ^^~^ AMES MADISON, the fourth President of the United States, iSog-'i/, was born at Port Con- way, Prince George County, Virginia, March i6, 1751. His father. Colonel James Madison, was a wealthy planter, residing upon a very fine estate called " Montpelier," only twenty-five miles from the home of Thomas Jefferson at Monticello. The closest personal and political at- tachment existed between these illustrious men from their early youth until death. James was the eldest of a family of seven children, four sons and three daughters, all of whom attained maturity. His early edu- cation was conducted mostly at home, under a private tutor. Being naturally in- tellectual in his tastes, he consecrated him- self with unusual vigor to study. At a very early age he made considerable proficiency in the Greek, Latin, French and Spanish languages. In 1769 he entered Princeton College, New Jersey, of which the illus- trious Dr. Weatherspoon was then Presi- dent. He graduated in 1771, with a char- acter of the utmost purity, and a mind highly disciplined and stored with all the learning which embellished and gave effi- ciency to his subsequent career. After graduating he pursued a course of reading for several months, under the guidance of President Weatherspoon, and in 1772 re- turned to Virginia, where he continued in incessant study for two years, nominally directed to the law, but really including extended researches in theology, philoso- phy and general literature. The Church of England was the estab- lished church in Virginia, invested with all the prerogatives and immunities which it enjoyed in the fatherland, and other de- nominations labored under serious disabili- ties, the enforcement of which was rightly or wrongly characterized by them as per- secution. Madison took a prominent stand in behalf of the removal of all disabilities, repeatedly appeared in the court of his own county to defend the Baptist nonconform- ists, and was elected from Orange County to the Virginia Convention in the spring of 1766, when he signalized the beginning of his public career by procuring the passage of an amendment to the Declaration of Rights as prepared by George Mason, sub- stituting for " toleration" a more emphatic assertion of religious liberty. 7 tZX^^^'-^ /^^ i-^^i^-t^ ,rX^ yAMES MADISON. 39 In 1776 he was elected a member of the Virgmia Convention to frame the Constitu- tion of the State. Like Jefferson, he took but little part in the public debates. His main strength lay in his conversational in- fluence and in his pen. In November, 1777, he was chosen a member of the Council of State, and in March, 1780, took his seat in the Continental Congress, where he first gained prominence through his energetic opposition to the issue of paper money by the States. He continued in Congress three years, one of its most active and influential members. In 1784 Mr. Madison was elected a mem- ber of the Virginia Legislature. He ren- dered important service by promoting and participating in that revision of the statutes which effectually abolished the remnants of the feudal system subsistent up to that time in the form of entails, primogeniture, and State support given the Anglican Church ; and his " Memorial and Remon- strance" against a general assessment for the support of religion is one of the ablest papers which emanated from his pen. It settled the question of the entire separation of church and State in Virginia. Mr. Jefferson says of him, in allusion to the study and experience through which he had already passed : " Trained in these successive schools, he acquired a habit of self-possession which placed at ready command the rich resources of his luminous and discriminating mind and of his extensive information, and rendered him the first of every assembly of which he afterward became a member. Never wan- dering from his subject into vain declama- tion, but pursuing it closely in language pure, classical and copious, soothing al- ways the feelings of his adversaries by civili- ties and softness of expression, he rose to the eminent station which he held in the great National Convention of 1787; and in that of Virginia, which followed, he sustained the new Constitution in all its parts, bearing off the palm against the logic of George Mason and the fervid declamation of Patrick Henry. With these consummate powers were united a pure and spotless virtue which no calumny has ever attempted to sully. Of the power and polish of his pen, and of the wisdom of his administration in the highest office of the nation, I need say nothing. They have spoken, and will for- ever speak, for themselves." In January, 1786, Mr. Madison took the initiative in proposing a meeting of State Commissioners to devise measures for more satisfactory commercial relations between the States. A meeting was held at An- napolis to discuss this subject, and but five States were represented. The convention issued another call, drawn up by Mr. Madi- son, urging all the States to send their dele- gates to Philadelphia, in Ma}^ 1787, to draught a Constitution for the United States. The delegates met at the time ap- pointed, every State except Rhode Island being represented. George Washington was chosen president of the convention, and the present Constitution of the United States was then and there formed. There was no mind and no pen more active in framing this immortal document than the mind and pen of James Madison. He was, perhaps, its ablest advocate in the pages of the Federalist. Mr. Madison was a member of the first four Congresses, 1789-97, in which he main- tained a moderate opposition to Hamilton's financial policy. He declined the mission to France and the Secretaryship of State, and, gradually identifying himself with the Republican party, became from 1792 its avowed leader. In 1796 he was its choice for the Presidency as successor to Wash- ington. Mr. Jefferson wrote : " There is not another person in the United States with whom, being placed at the helm of our affairs, my mind would be so completely at 3° PRESIDENTS OP THE UNITED STATES. rest for the fortune of our political bark." But Mr. Madison declined to be a candi- date. His term in Congress had expired, and he returned from New York to his beautiful retreat at Montpelier. In 1794 Mr. Madison married a young widow of remarkable powers of fascination — Mrs. Todd. Her maiden name was Doro- thy Paine. She was born in 1767, in Vir- ginia, of Quaker parents, and had been educated in the strictest rules of that sect. When but eighteen years of age she married a young lawyer and moved to Philadelphia, where she was introduced to brilliant scenes of fashionable life. She speedily laid aside the dress and address of the Quakeress, and became one of the most fascinating ladies of the republican court. In New York, after the death of her husband, she was the belle of the season and was surrounded with admirers. Mr. Madison won the prize. She proved an invaluable helpmate. In Washington she was the life of society. If there was any diffident, timid young girl just making her appearance, she found in Mrs. Madison an encouraging friend. During the stormy ad ministration of John Adams Madison remained in private life, but was the author of the celebrated " Reso- lutions of 1798," adopted by the Virginia Legislature, in condemnation of the Alien and Sedition laws, as well as of the " report" in which he defended those resolutions, which is, by many, considered his ablest State paper. The storm passed away ; the Alien and Sedition laws were repealed, John Adams lost his re-election, and in 1801 Thomas Jef- ferson was chosen President. The great re- action in public sentiment which seated Jefferson in the presidential chair was large- ly owing to the writings of Madison, who was consequently well entitled to the post of Secretary of State. With great ability he discharged the duties of this responsible office during the eight years of Mr. Jeffer. son's administration. As Mr. Jefferson was a widower, and neither of his daughters could be often with him, Mrs. Madison usually presided over the festivities of the White House ; and as her husband succeeded Mr. Jefferson, hold- ing his office for two terms, this remarkable woman was the mistress of the presidential mansion for sixteen years. Mr. Madison being entirely engrossed by the cares of his office, all the duties of so- cial life devolved upon his accomplished wife. Never were such responsibilities more ably discharged. The most bitter foes of her husband and of the administra- tion were received with the frankly prof- fered hand and the cordial smile of wel- come; and the influence of this gentle woman in allaying the bitterness of party rancor became a great and salutary power in the nation. As the term of Mr. Jefferson's Presidency drew near its close, party strife was roused to the utmost to elect his successor. It was a death-grapple between the two great parties, the Federal and Republican. Mr. Madison was chosen President by an elec. toral vote of 122 to 53, and was inaugurated March 4, 1809, at a critical period, when the relations of the United States with Great Britain were becoming embittered, and his first term was passed in diplomatic quarrels, aggravated by the act of non-intercourse of May, 1 8 10, and finally resulting in a decla- ration of war. On the i8th of June, 1812, President Madison gave his approval to an act of Congress declaring war against Great Brit- ain. Notwithstanding the bitter hostility of the Federal party to the war, the country in general approved ; and in the autumn Madison was re-elected to the Presidency by 128 electoral votes to 89 in favor of George Clinton. March 4, 181 7, Madison yielded the Presi- yAMES MADISON. 31 dency to his Secretary of State and inti- mate friend, James Monroe, and retired to his ancestral estate at Montpelier, where he passed the evening of his days surrounded- by attached friends and enjoying the merited respect of the whole nation. He took pleasure in promoting agriculture, as president of the county society, and in watching the development of the University of Virginia, of which he was long rector and visitor. In extreme old age he sat in 1829 as a member of the convention called to re- form the Virginia Constitution, where his appearance was hailed with the most gen- uine interest and satisfaction, though he was too infirm 1:0 participate in the active work of revision. Small in stature, slender and delicate in form, with a countenance full of intelligence, and expressive alike of mildness and dignity, he attracted the atten- tion of all who attended the convention, and was treated with the utmost deference. He seldom addressed the assembly, though he always appeared self-possessed, and watched with unflagging interest the prog- ress of every measure. Though the con- vention sat sixteen weeks, he spoke only twice ; but when he did speak, the whole house paused to listen. His voice was feeble though his enunciation was very dis- tinct. One of the reporters, Mr. Stansbury, relates the following anecdote of Mr. Madi- son's last speech: " The next day, as there was a great call for it, and the report had not been returned for publication, I sent my son with a re- spectful note, requesting the manuscript. My son was a lad of sixteen, whom I had taken with me to act as amanuensis. On delivering my note, he was received with the utmost politeness, and requested to come up into Mr. Madison's room and wait while his eye ran over the paper, as com- pany had prevented his attending to it. He did so, and Mr. Madison sat down to correct the report. The lad stood near him so that his eye fell on the paper. Coming to a certain sentence in the speech, Mr. Madison erased a word and substituted another ; but hesitated, and not feeling satisfied with the second word, drew his pen through it also. My son was young, ignorant of the world, and unconscious of the solecism of which he was about to be guilty, when, in all simplic- ity, he suggested a word. Probably no other person then living would have taken such a liberty. But the sage, instead of regarding such an intrusion with a frown, raised his eyes to the boy's face with a pleased surprise, and said, ' Thank you, sir ; it is the very word,' and immediately in- serted it. I saw him the next day, and he mentioned the circumstance, with a compli- ment on the young critic." Mr. Madison died at Montpelier, June 28, 1836, at the advanced age of eighty-five. While not possessing the highest order of talent, and deficient in oratorical powers, he was pre-eminently a statesman, of a well, balanced mind. His attainments were solid, his knowledge copious, his judgment gener- ally sound, his powers of analysis and logi- cal statement rarely surpassed, his language and literary style correct and polished, his conversation witty, his temperament san- guine and trustful, his integrity unques- tioned, his manners simple, courteous and winning. By these rare qualities he con- ciliated the esteem not only of friends, but of political opponents, in a greater degree than any American statesman in the present century. Mrs. Madison survived her husband thir- teen years, and died July 12, 1849, in the eighty -second year of her age. She was one of the most remarkable women our coun- try has produced. Even now she is ad- miringly remembered in Washington as " Dolly Madison," and it is fitting that her memory should descend to posterity in company with thatof the companion of her life. 3' PRESIDENTS OP THE UNITED STATES. AMES MONROE, the fifth President of the United States, 1817-25, was born in Westmoreland County Virginia, April 28, 1758. ' He was a son of Spence Monroe, and a descendant of a Scottish cavalier fam- ily. Like all his predeces- sors thus far in the Presi- dential chair, he enjoyed all the advantages of educa- tion which the country could then afford. He was early sent to a fine classical school, and at the age of six- teen entered William and Mary College.. In 1776, when he had been in college but two years, the Declaration of Independence was adopted, and our feeble mihtia, with- out arms, amunition or clothing, were strug- ghng against the trained armies of England. James Monroe left college, hastened to General Washington's headquarters at New York and enrolled himself as a cadet in the army. At Trenton Lieutenant Monroe so dis- tinguished himself, receiving a wound in his shoulder, that he was promoted to a Cap- taincy. Upon recovering from his wound, he was invited to act as aide to Lord Ster- ling, and in that capacity he took an active part in the battles of Brandywine, Ger- mantown and Monmouth. At Germantown he stood by the side of Lafayette when the French Marquis received his wound. Gen- eral Washington, who had formed a high idea of young Monroe's ability, sent him to Virginia to raise a new regiment, of which he was to be Colonel; but so exhausted was Virginia at that time that the effort proved unsuccessful. He, however, received his commission. . Finding no opportunity to enter the army as a commissioned officer, he returned to his original plan of studying law, and entered the office of Thomas Jefferson, who was then Governor of Virginia. He developed a very noble character, frank, manly and sincere. Mr. Jefferson said of him: "James Monroe is so perfectly honest that if his soul were turned inside out there would not be found a spot on it." In 1782 he was elected to the Assembly of Virginia, and was also appointed a mem- ber of the Executive Council. The next year he was chosen delegate to the Conti- nental Congress for a term of three years. He was present at Annapolis when Wash- ington surrendered his commission of Com- mander-in-chief. With Washington, Jefferson and Madison he felt deeply the inefficiency of the old Articles of Confederation, and urged the formation of a new Constitution, which should invest the Central Government with something like national power. Influenced by these views, he introduced a resolution ^..^-^^-z/zt^ V' /^^"Z^^:^ z^-^- ^ , ^ yAMBS MONROE. 3S that Congress should be empowered to regulate trade, and to lay an impost duty of five per cent. The resolution was refer- red to a committee of which he was chair- man. The report and the discussion which rose upon it led to the convention of five States at Annapolis, and the consequent general convention at Philadelphia, which, in 1787, drafted the Constitution of the United States. At this time there was a controversy be- tween New York and Massachusetts in > reference to their boundaries. The high esteem in which Colonel Monroe was held is indicated by the fact that he was ap- pointed one of the judges to decide the controversy. While in New York attend- ing Congress, he married Miss Kortright, a young lady distinguished alike for her beauty and accomplishments. For nearly fifty years this happy union remained un- broken. In London and in Paris, as in her own country, Mrs. Monroe won admiration and affection by the loveliness of her per- son, the brilliancy of her intellect, and the amiability of her character. Returning to Virginia, Colonel Monroe commenced the practice of law at Freder- icksburg. He was very soon elected to a seat in the State Legislature, and the next year he was chosen a member of the Vir- ginia convention which was assembled to decide upon the acceptance or rejection of the Constitution which had been drawn up at Philadelphia, and was now submitted to the several States. Deeply as he felt the imperfections of the old Confederacy, he was opposed to the new Constitution, thinking, with many others of the Republi- can party, that it gave too much power to the Central Government, and not enough to the individual States. In 1789 he became a member of the United States Senate, which office he held acceptably to his constituents, and with honor to himself for four years. Having opposed the Constitution as not leaving enough power with the States, he, of course, became more and more identi- fied with the Republican party. Thus he found himself in cordial co-operation with Jefferson and Madison. The great Repub- lican party became the dominant power which ruled the land. George Washington was then President. England had espoused the cause of the Bourbons against the principles of the French Revolution. President Washing- ton issued a proclamation of neutrality be- tween these contending powers. France had helped us in the struggle for our lib- erties. All the despotisms of Europe were now combined to prevent the French from escaping from tyranny a thousandfold worse than that which we had endured. Colonel Monroe, more magnanimous than prudent, was anxious that we should help our old allies in their extremity. He vio- lently opposed the President's procla- mation as ungrateful and wanting in magnanimity. Washington, who could appreciate such a character, developed his calm, serene, almost divine greatness by appointing that very James Monroe, who was denouncing the policy of the Government, as the Minis- ter of that Government to the republic of France. He was directed by Washington to express to the French people our warm- est sympathy, communicating to them cor- responding resolves approved by the Pres- ident, and adopted by both houses of Congress. Mr. Monroe was welcomed by the Na- tional Convention in France with the most enthusiastic demonstrations of respect and affection. He was publicly introduced to that body, and received the embrace of the President, Merhn de Douay, after having been addressed in a speech glowing with congratulations, and with expressions of desire that harmony might ever exist be 36 PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. tween the two nations. The flags of the two republics were intertwined in the hall of the convention. Mr. Monroe presented the American colors, and received those of France in return. The course which he pursued in Paris was so annoying to Eng- land and to the friends of England in this country that, near the close of Wash- ington's administration, Mr. Monroe, was recalled. After his return Colonel Monroe wrote a book of 400 pages, entitled " A View of the Conduct of the Executive in Foreign Af- fairs." In this work he very ably advo- cated his side of the question; but, with the magnanimity of the man, he recorded a warm tribute to the patriotism, ability and spotless integrity of John Jay, between whom and himself there was intense antag- onism ; and in subsequent years he ex- pressed in warmest terms his perfect veneration for the character of George Washington. Shortly after his return to this country Colonel Monroe was elected Governor of Virginia, and held that office for three years, the period limited by the Constitu- tion. In 1802 he was an Envoy to France, and to Spain in 1805, and was Minister to England in 1803. In 1806 he returned to his quiet home in Virginia, and with his wife and children and an ample competence from his paternal estate, enjoyed a few years of domestic repose. In 1809 Mr. Jefferson's second term of office expired, and many of the Republican party were anxious to nominate James Monroe as his successor. The majority were in favor of Mr. Madison. Mr. Mon- roe withdrew his name and was soon after chosen a second time Governor of Virgfinia. He soon resigned that office to accept the position of Secretary of State, offered him by President Madison. The correspond- ence which he then carried on with the British Government demonstrated that there was no hope of any peaceful adjust- ment of our difficulties with the cabinet of St. James. War was consequently declared in June, 1812. Immediately after the sack of Washington the Secretary of War re- signed, and Mr. Monroe, at the earnest request of Mr. Madison, assumed the ad- ditional duties of the War Department, without resigning his position as Secretary of State. It has been confidently stated, that, had Mr. Monroe's energies been in the War Department a few months earlier, the disaster at Washington would not have occurred. The duties now devolving upon Mr. Mon- roe were extremely arduous. Ten thou- sand men, picked from the veteran armies of England, were sent with a powerful fleet to New Orleans to acquire possession of the mouths of the Mississippi. Our finan- ces were in the most deplorable condition. The treasury was exhausted and our credit gone. And yet it was necessary to make the most rigorous preparations to meet the foe. In this crisis James Monroe, the Sec- retary of War, with virtue unsurpassed in Greek or Roman story, stepped forward and pledged his own individual credit as subsidiary to that of the nation, and thus succeeded in placing the city of New Or- leans in such a posture of defense, that it was enabled successfuU}' to repel the in- vader. Mr. Monroe was truly the armor-bearer of President Madison, and the most efficient business man in his cabinet. His energy in the double capacity of Secretary, both of State and War, pervaded all the depart- ments of the country. He proposed to increase the army to 100,000 men, a meas- ure which he deemed absolutely necessary to save us from ignominious defeat, but which, at the same time, he knew would render his name so unpopular as to preclude the possibility of his being a successful can- didate for the Presidency. yAMBS MONROE. .I? The happy result of the conference at Ghent in securing peace rendered the in- crease of the army unnecessary; but it is not too much to say that James Monroe placed in the hands of Andrew Jackson the weapon with which to beat off the foe at New Orleans. Upon the return of peace Mr. Monroe resigned the department of war, devoting himself entirely to the duties of Secretary of State. These he continued to discharge until the close of President Madison's administration, with zeal which was never abated, and with an ardor of self-devotion which made him almost for- getful of the claims of fortune, health or life. Mr. Madison's second term expired in March, 1817, and Mr. Monroe succeeded to the Presidency. He was a candidate of the Republican party, now taking the name of the Democratic Republican. In 1821 he was re-elected, with scarcely any opposition. Out of 232 electoral votes, he received 231. The slavery question, which subsequently assumed such formidable dimensions, now began to make its appearance. The State of Missouri, which had been carved out of that immense territory which we had pur- chased of France, applied for admission to tlje Union, with a slavery Constitution. There were not a few who foresaw the evils' impending. After the debate of a week it was decided that Missouri could not be admitted into the Union with slav- ery. This important question was at length settled by a compromise proposed by Henry Clay. The famous "Monroe Doctrine," of which so much has been said, originated in this way: In 1823 it was rumored that the Holy Alliance was about to interfere to prevent the establishment of Republican liberty in the European colonies of South America. President Monroe wrote to his old friend Thomas Jefferson for advice in the emergency. In his reply under date of October 24, Mr. Jefferson writes upon the supposition that our attempt to resist this European movement might lead to war: " Its object is to introduce and estabUsh the American system of keeping out of our land all foreign powers; of never permitting those of Europe to intermeddle with the affairs of our nation. It is to maintain our own principle, not to depart from it." December 2, 1823, President Monroe sent a message to Congress, declaring it to be the policy of this Government not to entangle ourselves with the broils of Eu- rope, and not to allow Europe to interfere with the affairs of nations on the American continent; and the doctrine was announced, that any attempt on the part of the Euro- pean powers " to extend their system to any portion of this hemisphere would be regarded by the United States as danger- ous to our peace and safety." March 4, 1825, Mr. Monroe surrendered the presidential chair to his Secretary of State, John Quincy Adams, and retired, with the universal respect of the nation, to his private residence at Oak Hill, Lou- doun County, Virginia. His time had been so entirely consecrated to his country, that he had neglected his pecuniary interests, and was deeply involved in debt. The welfare of his country had ever been up- permost in his mind. For many years Mrs. Monroe was in such feeble health that she rarely appeared in public. In 1830 Mr. Monroe took up his residence with his son-in-law in New York, where he died on the 4th of July, 1831. The citizens of New York conducted his obsequies with pageants more imposing than had ever been witnessed there before. Our country will ever cherish his mem- ory with pride, gratefully enrolling his name in the list of its benefactors, pronounc- ing him the worthy successor of the illus' trious men who had preceded him in the presidential chair. 3S PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. 'OHN QUINCY ADAMS, the sixth President of the United States, i825-'9, was born in the rural home of his honored father, John Adams, in Q u i n c y , Massachusetts, July II, 1767. His mother, a woman of exalted worth, watched over his childhood during the almost constant absence of his father. He commenced his education at the village school, giving at an early period indica- tions of superior mental en- dowments. When eleven years of age he sailed with his father for Europe, where the latter was associated with Franklin and Lee as Minister Plenipotentiary. The intelligence of John Quincy attracted the attention of these men and received from them flattering marks of attention. Mr. Adams had scarcely returned to this country in 1779 ere he' was again sent abroad, and John Quincy again accom- panied him. On this voyage he commenced a diary, which practice he continued, with but few interruptions, until his death- He journeyed with his father from Ferrol, in Spain, to Paris. Here he applied himself for six months to study; then accompanied his father to Holland, where he entered, first a school in Amsterdam, and then the University of Leyden. In 178 1, when only fourteen years of age, he was selected by Mr. Dana, our Minister to the Russian court, as his private secretary. In this school of incessant labor he spent fourteen months, and then returned alone to Holland through Sweden, Denmark, Hamburg and Bremen. Again he resumed his studies under a private tutor, at The Hague. In the spring of 1782 he accompanied his father to Paris, forming acquaintance with the most distinguished men on the Conti- nent. After a short visit to England, he re- turned to Paris and studied until May, 1785, when he returned to America, leav- ing his father an embassador at the court of St. James. In 1786 he entered the jun- ior class in Harvard University, and grad- uated with the second honor of his class. The oration he delivered on this occasion, the " Importance of Public Faith to the Well-being of a Community," was pub- lished — an event very rare in this or any other land. Upon leaving college at the age of twenty he studied law three years with the Hon. Theophilus Parsons in Newburyport. In 1790 he opened a law office in Boston. The profession was crowded with able men, and the fees were small. The first year he had J, 2 . J^iaj\y^ JOHN ^UINCr ADAMS. no clients, but not a moment was lost. The second year passed away, still no clients, and still he was dependent upon his parents for support. Anxiously he awaited the third year. The reward now came. Cli- ents began to enter his office, and before the end of the year he was so crowded with business that all solicitude respecting a support was at an end. When Great Britain commenced war against France, in 1793, Mr. Adams wrote some articles, urging entire neutrality on the part of the United States. The view was not a popular one. Many felt that as France had helped us, we were bound to help France. But President Washington coincided with Mr. Adams, and issued his proclamation of neutrality. His writings at this time in the Boston journals gave him so high a reputation, that in June, 1794, he was appointed by Washington resident Minister at the Netherlands. In July, 1797, he left The Hague to go to Port- ugal as Minister Plenipotentiary. Wash- ington at this time wrote to his father, John Adams: " Without intending to compliment the father or the mother, or to censure any others, I give it as my decided opinion, that Mr. Adams is the most valuable char- acter we have abroad; and there remains no doubt in my mind that he will prove the ablest of our diplomatic corps." On his way to Portugal, upon his arrival in London, he met with dispatches direct- ing him to the court of Berlin, but request- ing him to remain in London until he should receive instructions. While waiting he was married to Miss Louisa Catherine John- son, to whom he had been previously en- gaged. Miss Johnson was a daughter of Mr. Joshua Johnson, American Consul in London, and was a lady endowed with that beauty and those accomplishments which fitted her to move in the elevated sphere for which she was destined. In July, 1799, having fulfilled all the pur- poses of his mission, Mr. Adams returned. In 1802 he was chosen to the Senate of Massachusetts from Boston, and then was elected Senator of the United States for six years from March 4, 1804. His reputation, his ability and his experience, placed him immediately among the most prominent and influential members of that body. He sustained the Government in its measures of resistance to the encroachments of Eng- land, destroying our commerce and insult- ing our flag. There was no man in America more familiar with the arrogance of the British court upon these points, and no one more resolved to present a firm resist- ance. This course, so truly patriotic, and which scarcely a voice will now be found to condemn, alienated him from the Fed- eral party dominant in Boston, and sub- jected him to censure. In 1805 Mr. Adams was chosen professor of rhetoric in Harvard College. His lect- ures at this place were subsequently pub- lished. In 1809 he was sent as Minister to Russia. He was one of the commissioners that negotiated the treaty of peace with Great Britain, signed December 24, 1814, and he was appointed Minister to the court of St. James in 1815. In 1817 he became Secretary of State in Mr. Monroe's cabinet in which position he remained eight years. Few will now contradict the assertion that the duties of that office were never more ably discharged. Probably the most im- portant measure which Mr. Adams con- ducted was the purchase of Florida from Spain for $5,000,000. The campaign of 1824 was an exciting one. Four candidates were in the field. Of the 260 electoral votes that were cast, Andrew Jackson received ninety-nine; John Quincy Adams, eighty-four; William H. Crawford, forty-one, and Henry Clay, thirty-seven. As there was no choice by the people, the question went to the House 43 PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. of Representatives. Mr. Clay gave the vote of Kentucky to Mr. Adams, and he was elected. The friends of all disappointed candidates now combined in a venomous assault upon Mr. Adams. There is nothing more dis- graceful in the past history of our country than the abuse which was poured in one uninterrupted stream upon this high- minded, upright, patriotic man. There was never an administration more pure in prin- ciples, more conscientiously devoted to the best interests of the country, than that of John Quincy Adams; and never, perhaps, was there an administration more unscru- pulously assailed. Mr. Adams took his seat in the presidential chair resolved not to know any partisanship, but only to con- sult for the interests of the whole Republic, He refused to dismiss any man from of- fice for his political views. If he was a faith- ful officer that was enough. Bitter must have been his disappointment to find that the Nation could not appreciate such conduct. Mr. Adams, in his public manners, was cold and repulsive; though with his per- sonal friends he was at times very genial. This chilling address very seriously de- tracted from his popularity. No one can read an impartial record of his administra- tion without admitting that a more noble example of uncompromising dignity can scarcely be found. It was stated publicly that Mr. Adams' administration was to be put down, " though it be as pure as the an- gels which stand at the right hand of the throne of God." Many of the active par- ticipants in these scenes lived to regret the course they pursued. Some years after, Warren R. Davis, of South Carolina, turn- ing to Mr. Adams, then a member of the House of Representatives, said: " Well do I remember the enthusiastic zeal with which we reproached the admin- istration of that gentleman, and the ardor and vehemence with which we labored to bring in another. For the share I had in these transactions, and it was not a small one, I hope God will forgive me, for T shall never forgive myself." March 4, 1829, Mr. Adams retired from the Presidency and was succeeded by An- drew Jackson, the latter receiving 168 out of 261 electoral votes. John C. Calhoun was elected Vice-President. The slavery question now began to assume pretentious magnitude. Mr. Adams returned to Quincy, and pursued his studies with una- bated zeal. But he was not long permitted to remain in retirement. In November, 1830, he was elected to Congress. In this he recognized the principle that it is honor- able for the General of yesterday to act as Corporal to-day, if by so doing he can ren- der service to his country. Deep as are our obligations to John Quincy Adams for his services as embassador, as Secretary of State and as President; in his capacity as legislator in the House of Representa- tives, he conferred benefits upon our land which eclipsed all the rest, and which can never be over-estimated. For seventeen years, until his death, he occupied the post of Representative, tow- ering above all his peers, ever ready to do brave battle for freedom, and winning the title of " the old man eloquent." Upon taking his seat in the House he announced that he should hold himself bound to no party. He was usually the first in his place in the morning, and the last to leave his seat in the evening. Not a measure could escape his scrutiny. The battle which he fought, almost singly, against the pro-slavery party in the Government, was sublime in its moral daring and heroism. For persisting in presenting petitions for the abolition of slavery, he was threatened with indictment by the Grand Jury, with expulsion from the House, with assassina- tion; but no threats could intimidate him, and his final triumph was complete. JOHN ^UINCr ADAMS. 43 On one occasion Mr. Adams presented a petition, signed by several women, against the annexation of Texas for the purpose of cutting it up into slave States. Mr. How- ard, of Maryland, said that these women discredited not only themselves, but their section of the country, by turning from their domestic duties to the conflicts of po- litical life. "Are women," exclaimed Mr. Adams, " to have no opinions or actions on subjects relating to the general welfare? Where did the gentleman get his principle ? Did he find it in sacred history, — in the language of Miriam, the prophetess, in one of the noblest and sublime songs of triumph that ever met the human eye or ear ? Did the gentleman never hear of Deborah, to whom the children of Israel came up for judg- ment ? Has he forgotten the deed of Jael, who slew the dreaded enemy of her coun- try ? Has he forgotten Esther, who, by her petition saved her people and her coun- try? " To go from sacred history to profane, does the gentleman there find it ' discredita- ble ' for women to take an interest in politi- cal affairs ? Has he forgotten the Spartan mother, who said to her son when going out to battle, ' My son, come back to me with thy shield, or upon thy shield ? ' Does he remember Cloelia and her hundred com- panions, who swam across the river under a shower of darts, escaping from Porsena ? Has he forgotten Cornelia, the mother of the Gracchi ? Does he not remember Por- tia, the wife of Brutus and the daughter of Cato? " To come to later periods, what says the history of our Anglo-Saxon ancestors ? To say nothing of Boadicea, the British heroine in the time of the Ceesars, what name is more illustrious than that of Eliza- beth ? Or, if he will go to the continent, will he not find the names of Maria Theresa of Hungary, of the two Catherines of Prussia, and of Isabella of Castile, the pa- troness of Columbus ? Did she bring ' dis- credit ' on her sex by mingling in politics ? " In this glowing strain Mr. Adams si- lenced and overwhelmed his antagonists. In January, 1842, Mr. Adams presented a petition from forty-five citizens of Haver- hill, Massachusetts, praying for a peaceable dissolution of the Union. The pro-slavery party in Congress, who were then plotting the destruction of the Government, were aroused to a pretense of commotion such as even our stormy hall of legislation has rarely witnessed. They met in caucus, and, finding that they probably would not be able to expel Mr. Adams from the House drew up a series of resolutions, which, if adopted, would inflict upon him disgrace, equivalent to expulsion. Mr. Adams had presented the petition, which was most re- spectfully worded, and had moved that it be referred to a committee instructed to re- port an answer, showing tlie reason why the prayer ought not to be granted. It was the 25th of January. The whole body of the pro-slavery party came crowd- ing together in the House, prepared to crush Mr. Adams forever. One of the num- ber, Thomas F. Marshall, of Kentucky, was appointed to read the resolutions, which accused Mr. Adams of high treason, of having insulted the Government, and 01 meriting expulsion; but for which deserved punishment, the House, in its great mercy, would substitute its severest censure. With the assumption of a very solemn and mag- isterial air, there being breathless silence in the audience, Mr. Marshall hurled the care- fully prepared anathemas at his victim. Mr. Adams stood alone, the whole pro-slav- ery party against him. As soon as the resolutions were read, every eye being fixed upon him, that bold old man, whose scattered locks were whit- ened by seventy-five years, casting a wither- ing glance in the direction of his assailants; 44 PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. in. a clear, shrill tone, tremulous with sup- pressed emotion, said: " In reply to this audacious, atrocious charge of high treason, I call for the read- ing of the first paragraph of the Declaration of Independence. Read it ! Read it ! and see what that says of the rights of a people to reform, to change, and to dissolve their Government.' The attitude, the manner, the tone, the words; the venerable old man, with flash- ing eye and flushed cheek, and whose very form seemed to expand under the inspiration of the occasion — all presented a scene over- flowing in its sublimity. There w^s breath- less silence as that paragraph was read, in defense of whose principles our fathers had pledged their lives, their fortunes and their sacred honor. It was a proud hour to Mr. Adams as they were all compelled to listen to the words: " That, to secure these rights, govern- ments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed; and that whenever any form of government becomes destructive of those ends, it is the right of the people to alter or abolish it, and to institute new government, laying its foundations on such principles and organizing its powers in such form as shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness." That one sentence routed and baffled the foe. The heroic old man looked around upon the audience, and thundered out, " Read that again ! " It was again read. Then in a few fiery, logical words he stated his defense in terms which even prejudiced minds could not resist. His discomfited assailants made several attempts to rally. After a conflict of eleven days they gave up vanquished and their resolution was ig- nominiously laid upon the table. In January, 1846, when seventy-eight years of age, he took part in the great de- bate on the Oregon question, displaying intellectual vigor, and an extent and accu- racy of acquaintance with the subject that excited great admiration. On the 2ist of February, 1848, he rose on the floor of Congress with a paper in his hand to address the Speaker. Suddenly he fell, stricken by paralysis, and was caught in the arms of those around him. For a time he was senseless and was conveyed to a sofa in the rotunda. With reviving consciousness he opened his eyes, looked calmly around and said, " TAts is the end of earth." Then after a moment's pause, he added, " / am content." These were his last words, and he soon breathed his last, in the apartment beneath the dome of the capitol — the theater of his labors and his triumphs. In the language of hymnology, he " died at his post;" he " ceased at once to work and live." ^2j e.^yTlJ-r^^ ^ ANDREW yACKSON. 47 ^j^ "^#5- INDREW JACKSON, the seventh President of the United States, i829-'37, was born at the Waxhaw Settle. hiM^ ment, Union Coun- ty, North Carolina, March i6, 1767. His parents were Scotch-Irish, natives of Carrickfergus, who came to America in 1765, and settled on Twelve-Mile Creek, a trib- utary of the Catawba. His father, who was a poor farm laborer, died shortly before An- drew's birth, when his mother removed to Waxhaw, where some relatives resided. Few particulars of the childhood of Jack- son have been preserved. His education was of the most limited kind, and he showed no fondness for books. He grew up to be a tall, lank boy, with coarse hair and freck- led cheeks, with bare feet dangling from trousers too short for him, very fond of ath- letic sports, running, boxing and wrestling. He was generous to the younger and weaker boys, but very irascible and over- bearing with his equals and superiors. He was profane — a vice in which he surpassed all other men. The character of his mother he revered; and it was not until after her death that his predominant vices gained full strength. In 1780, at the age of thirteen, Andrew, or Andy, as he was called, with his brother Robert, volunteered to serve in the Revo- lutionary forces under General Sumter, and was a witness of the latter's defeat at Hang- ing Rock. In the following year the brothers were made prisoners, and confined in Camden, experiencing brutal treatment from their captors, and being spectators of General Green's defeat at Hobkirk Hill. Through their mother's exertions the boys were exchanged while suffering from small- pox. In two days Robert was dead, and Andy apparently dying. The strength of his constitution triumphed, and he regained health and vigor. As he was getting better, his mother heard the cry of anguish from the prison- ers whom the British held in Charleston, among whom were the sons of her sisters. She hastened to their relief, was attacked by fever, died and was buried where her grave could never be found. Thus Andrew Jackson, when fourteen years of age, was left alone in the world, without father, mother, sister or brother, and without one dollar which he could call his own. He 48 PRESIDENTS OP TflB UNITED STATES. soon entered a saddler's shop, and labored diligently for six months. But gradually, as health returned, he became more and more a wild, reckless, lawless boy. He gambled, drank and was regarded as about the worst character that could be found. He now turned schoolmaster. He could teach the alphabet, perhaps the multiplica- tion table; and as he was a very bold boy, it is possible he might have ventured to teach a little writing. But he soon began to think of a profession and decided to study law. With a very slender purse, and on the back of a very fine horse, he set out for Salisbury, North Carolina, where he entered the law office of Mr. McCay. Here he remained two years, professedly studying law. He is still remembered in traditions of Salisbury, which say: " Andrew Jackson was the most roaring, rollicking, horse-racing, card-playing, mis- chievous fellow that ever lived in Salisbury. He did not trouble the law-books much." Andrew was now, at the age of twenty, a tajl young man, being over six feet in height. He was slender, remarkably grace- ful and dignified in his manners, an exquis- ite horseman, and developed, amidst his loathesome profanity and multiform vices, a vein of rare magnanimity. His temper was fiery in the extreme; but it was said of him that no man knew better than Andrew Jackson when to get angry and when not. In 1786 he was admitted to the bar, and two years later removed to Nashville, in what was then the western district of North Carolina, with the appointment of so- licitor, or public prosecutor. It was an of- fice of little honor, small emolument and great peril. Few men could be found to accept it. And now Andrew Jackson commenced vigorously to practice law. It was an im- portant part of his business to collect debts. It required nerve. During the first seven years of his residence in those wilds he traversed the almost pathless forest between Nashville and Jonesborough, a distance of 200 miles, twenty-two times. Hostile In- dians were constantly on the watch, and a man was liable at any moment to be shot down in his own field. Andrew Jackson was just the man for this service — a wild, daring, rough backwoodsman. Daily he made hair-breadth escapes. He seemed to bear a charmed life. Boldly, alone or with few companions, he traversed the forests, encountering all perils and triumphing over all. In 1790 Tennessee became a Territory, and Jackson was appointed, by President Washington, United States Attorney for the new district. In 1791 he married Mrs. Rachel Robards (daughter of Colonel John Donelson), whom he supposed to have been divorced in that year by an act of the Leg- islature of Virginia. Two years after this Mr. and Mrs. Jackson learned, to their great surprise, that Mr. Robards had just obtained a divorce in one of the courts of Kentucky, and that the act of the Virginia Legislature was not final, but conditional. To remedy the irregularity as much as pos- sible, a new license was obtained and the marriage ceremony was again performed. It proved to be a marriage of rare felic- ity. Probably there never was a more affectionate union. However rough Mr. Jackson might have been abroad, he was always gentle and tender at home; and through all the vicissitudes of their lives, he treated Mrs. Jackson with the most chival- ric attention. Under the circumstances it was not un- natural that the facts in the case of this marriage were so misrepresented by oppo- nents in the political campaigns a quarter or a century later as to become the basis of serious charges against Jackson's moral- ity which, however, have been satisfactorily attested by abundant evidence. Jackson was untiring in his duties as ANDREW ^ACI^SON. 49 United States Attorney, which demanded frequent journeys through the wilderness and exposed him to Indian hostilities. He acquired considerable property in land, and obtained such influence as to be chosen a member of the convention which framed the Constitution for the new State of Ten- nessee, in 1796, and in that year was elected its first Representative in Congress. Albert Gallatin thus describes the first appearance of the Hon. Andrew Jackson in the House: " A tall, lank, uncouth-looking personage, with locks of hair hanging over his face and a cue down his back, tied with an eel skin; his dress singular, his manners and deport- ment those of a rough backwoodsman." Jackson was an earnest advocate of the Democratic party. Jefferson was his idol. He admired Bonaparte, loved France and hated England. As Mr. Jackson took his seat. General Washington, whose second term of office was just expiring, delivered his last speech to Congress. A committee drew up a complimentary address in reply. Andrew Jackson did not approve the ad- dress and was one of twelve who voted against it. Tennessee had fitted out an expedition against the Indians, contrary to the policy of the Government. A resolution was intro- duced that the National Government should pay the expenses. Jackson advo- cated it and it was carried. This rendered him very popular in Tennessee. A va- cancy chanced soon after to occur in the Senate, and Andrew Jackson was chosen United States Senator by the State of Ten- nessee. John Adams was then President and Thomas Jefferson, Vice-President. In 1798 Mr. Jackson returned to Tennes- see, and resigned his seat in the Senate. Soon after he was chosen Judge of the Su- preme Court of that State, with a salary of $600. This office he held six years. It is said that his decisions, though sometimes ungrammatical, were generally right. He did not enjoy his seat upon the bench, and renounced the dignity in 1804. About this time he was chosen Major-General of militia, and lost the title of judge in that of General. When he retired from the Senate Cham- ber, he decided to try his fortune through trade. He purchased a stock of goods in Philadelphia and sent them to Nashville, where he opened a store. He Hved about thirteen miles from Nashville, on a tract of land of several thousand acres, mostly un- cultivated. He used a small block-house for a store, from a narrow window of which he sold goods to the Indians. As he had an assistant his office as judge did not materially interfere with his business. As to slavery, born in the midst of it, the idea never seemed to enter his mind that it could be wrong. He eventually became an extensive slave owner, but he was one of the most humane and gentle of masters. In 1804 Mr. Jackson withdrew from pol- itics and settled on a plantation which he called the Hermitage, near Nashville. He set up a cotton-gin, formed a partnership and traded in New Orleans, making the voyage on flatboats. Through his hot tem- per he became involved in several quarrels and "affairs of honor," during this period, in one of which he was severely wounded, but had the misfortune to kill his opponent, Charles Dickinson. For a time this affair greatly injured General Jackson's popular- ity. The verdict then was, and continues to be, that General Jackson was outra- geously wrong. If he subsequently felt any remorse he never revealed it to anyone. In 1805 Aaron Burr had visited Nash- ville and been a guest of Jackson, with whom he corresponded on the subject of a war with Spain, which was anticipated and desired by them, as well as by the people of the Southwest generally. Burr repeated his visit in September, 1806, when he engaged in the celebrated 5° PREJIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. combinations which led to his trial for trea- son. He was warmly received by Jackson, at whose instance a public ball was given in his honor at Nashville, and contracted with the latter for boats and provisions. Early in 1807, when Burr had been pro- claimed a traitor by President Jefferson, volunteer forces for the Federal service were organized at Nashville under Jack- son's command; but his energy and activ- ity did not shield him from suspicions of connivance in the supposed treason. He was summoned to Richmond as a witness in Burr's trial, but was not called to the stand, probably because he was out-spoken in his partisanship. On the outbreak of the war with Great Britain in 18 12, Jackson tendered his serv- ices, and in January, 18 13, embarked for New Orleans at the head of the Tennessee contingent. In March he received an or- der to disband his forces; but in Septem- ber he again took the field, in the Creek war, and in conjunction with his former partner, Colonel Coffee, inflicted upon the Indians the memorable defeat at Talladega, Emuckfaw and Tallapoosa. In May, 1814, Jackson, who had now ac- quired a national reputation, was appointed a Major-General of the United States army, and commenced a campaign against the British in Florida. He conducted the de- fense at Mobile, September 15, seized upon Pensacola, November 6, and immediately transported the bulk of his troops to New Orleans, then threatened by a powerful naval force. Martial law was declared in Louisiana, the State militia was called to arms, engagements with the British were fought December 23 and 28, and after re-en- forcements had been received on both si^es the famous victory of January 8, 181 5, :n-owned Jackson's fame as a soldier, and made him the typical American hero of the first half of the nineteenth century. In i8i7-'i8 Jackson conducted the war against the Seminoles of Florida, during which he seized upon Pensacola and exe- cuted by courtmartial two British subjects, Arbuthnot and Ambrister acts which might easily have involved the United States in war both with Spain and Great Britain. Fortunately the peril was averted by the cession of Florida to the United States; and Jackson, who had escaped a trial for the irregularity of his conduct only through a division of opinion in Mon- roe's cabinet, was appointed in 1821 Gov- ernor of the new Territory. Soon after he declined the appointment of minister to Mexico. In 1823 Jackson was elected to the United States Senate, and nominated by the Ten- nessee Legislature for the Presidency. This candidacy, though a matter of surprise, and even merryment, speedily became popular, and in 1824, when the stormy electoral can- vas resulted in the choice of John Quincy Adams by the House of Representatives, General Jackson received the largest popu- lar vote among the four candidates. In 1828 Jackson was triumphantly elected President over Adams after a campaign of unparalleled bitterness. He was inaugu- rated March 4, 1829, and at once removed from office all the incumbents belonging to the opposite party — a procedure new to American pohtics, but which naturally be- came a precedent. His first term was characterized by quar- rels between the Vice-President, Calhoun, and the Secretary of State, Van Buren, at- tended by a cabinet crisis originating in scandals connected with the name of Mrs. General Eaton, wife of the Secretary of War; by the beginning of his war upon the United States Bank, and by his vigorous action against the partisans of Calhoun, who, in South Carolina, threatened to nullify the acts of Congress, establishing a protective tariff. In the Presidential campaign of 1832 ANDREW JACKSON. SI Jackson received 219 out of 288 electoral votes, his competitor being Mr. Clay, while Mr. Wirt, on an Anti-Masonic platform, received the vote of Vermont alone. In 1833 President Jackson removed the Gov- ernment deposits from the United States bank, thereby incurring a vote of censure from the Senate, which was, however, ex- punged four years later. During this second term of office the Cherokees, Choctaws and Creeks were removed, not without diffi- culty, from Georgia, Alabama and Missis- sippi, to the Indian Territory; the National debt was extinguished; Arkansas and Michigan were admitted as States to the Union; the Seminole war was renewed; the anti-slavery agitation first acquired impor- tance; the Mormon delusion, which had organized in 1829, attained considerable proportions in Ohio and Missouri, and the country experienced its greatest pecuniary panic. Railroads with locomotive propulsion were irtroduced into America during Jack- son's first term, and had become an impor- tant element of national life before the close of his second term. For many rea- sons, therefore, the administration of Presi- dent Jackson formed an era in American history, political, social and industrial. He succeeded in effecting the election of his friend Van Buren as his successor, re- tired from the Presidency March 4, 1837; and led a tranquil life at the Hermitage until his death, which occurred June 8, 1845. During his closing years he was a pro- fessed Christian and a member of the Pres- byterian church. No American of this century has been the subject of such oppo- site judgments. He was loved and hated with equal vehemence during his life, but at the present distance of time from his career, while opinions still vary as to the merits of his public acts, few of his country- men will question that he was a warm- hearted, brave, patriotic, honest and sincere man. If his distinguishing qualities were not such as constitute statesmanship, in the highest sense, he at least never pretended to other merits than such as were written to his credit on the page of American his- tory — not attempting to disguise the de- merits which were equally legible. The majority of his countrymen accepted and honored him, in spite of all that calumny as well as truth could allege against him. His faults may therefore be truly said to have been those of his time; his magnifi- cent virtues may also, with the same jus- tice, be considered as typical of a state 0/ society which has nearly passed away. 52 PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. tit^t^t^t^t^t^t^^' €(^»^i^>^t^i^t^i fflAr^TiN Uan Bar^BN. HiaiaiiBPiiiiiii^Hp aiiiai 1^^' "^^^^^MMSCi ^€^^5^5^^^a^ «« ARTIN VAN BU- REN, the eighth (; President of the United States, 1837- '41, was born at Kin- derhook, New York, December 5, 1782. His ancestors were of Dutch origin, and were among the earliest emigrants from Hol- land to the banks of the Hudson. His father was a tavern-keeper, as well as a farmer, and a very decided Democrat. Martin commenced the study of law at the age of fourteen, and took an active part in politics before he had reached the age of twenty. In 1803 he commenced the practice of law in his native village. In 1809 he removed to Hudson, the shire town of his county, where he spent seven years, gaining strength by contending in the courts with some of the ablest men who have adorned the bar of his State. The heroic example of John Quincy Adams in retaining in office every faithful man, without regard to his political preferences, had been thoroughly repudiated by Gen- eral Jackson. The unfortunate principle was now fully estabhshed, that " to the victor belong the spoils." Still, this prin- ciple, to which Mr. Van Buren gave his ad- herence, was not devoid of inconveniences. When, subsequently, he attained power which placed vast patronage in his hands, he was heard to say : " I prefer an office that has no patronage. When I give a man an office I offend his disappointed competi- tors and their friends. Nor am I certain of gaining a friend in the man I appoint, for, in all probability, he expected something better." In 1812 Mr. Van Buren was elected to the State Senate. In 181 5 he was appointed Atiorney-General, and in 18 16 to the Senate a second time. In 18 18 there was a great split in the Democratic party in New York, and Mr. Van Buren took the lead in or- ganizing that portion of the party called the Albany Regency, which is said to have swayed the destinies of the State for a quarter of a century. In 1 82 1 he was chosen a member of the convention for revising the State Constitu- tion, in which he advocated an extension of the franchise, but opposed universal , suf- frage, and also favored the proposal that colored persons, in order to vote, should have freehold property to the amount of $250. In this year he was also elected to the United States Senate, and at the con- clusion of his term, in 1827, was re-elected, but resigned the following year, having been chosen Governor of the State. In March, 1829, he was appointed Secretary oi O 7 2^-^^^ ^ l-or MARTIN VAIV BURBN. 55 State by President Jackson, but resigned in April, 183 1, and during the recess of Congress was appointed minister to Eng- land, whither he proceeded in September, but the Senate, when convened in Decem- ber, refused to ratify the appointment. In May, 1832, Mr. Van Buren was nomi- nated as the Democratic candidate for Vice- President, and elected in the following November. May 26, 1836, he received the nomination to succeed General Jackson as President, and received 170 electoral votes, out of 283. Scarcely had he taken his seat in the Presidential chair when a financial panic swept over the land. Many attributed this to the war which General Jackson had waged on the banks, and to his endeavor to secure an almost exclusive specie currency. Nearly every bank in the country was com- pelled to suspend specie payment, and ruin pervaded all our great cities. Not less than 254 houses failed in New York in one week. All public works were brought to a stand, and there was a general state of dismay. President Van Buren urged the adoption of the independent treasury system, which was twice passed in the Senate and defeated in the House, but finally became a law near the close of his administration. Another important measure was the pass- age of a pre-emption law, giving actual set- tlers the preference in the purchase of public lands. The question of slavery, also, now began to assume great prominence in national politics, and after an elaborate anti-slavery speech by Mr. Slade, of Ver- mont, in the House of Representatives, the Southern members withdrew for a separate consultation, at which Mr. Rhett, of South CaroHna, proposed to declare it expedient that the Union should be dissolved ; but the matter was tided over by the passage of a resolution that no petitions or papers relating to slavery should be in any way considered or acted upon. 5 In the Presidential election of 1840 Mr. Van Buren was nominated, without opposi- tion, as the Democratic candidate, William H. Harrison being the candidate of the Whig party. The Democrats carried only seven States, and out of 294 electoral votes only sixty were for Mr. Van Buren, the re- maining 234 being for his opponent. The Whig popular majority, however, was not large, the elections in many of the States being very close. March 4, 1841, Mr. Van Buren retired from the Presidency. From his fine estate at Lindenwald he still exerted a powerful influence upon the politics of the country. In 1844 he was again proposed as the Democratic candidate for the Presidency, and a majority of the delegates of the nominating convention were in his favor ; but, owing to jiis opposition to the pro- posed annexation of Texas, he could not secure the requisite two-thirds vote. His name was at length withdrawn by his friends, and Mr. Polk received the nomina- tion, and was elected. In 1848 Mr. Cass was the regular Demo- cratic candidate. A schism, however, sprang up in the party, upon the question of the permission of slavery in the newly- acquired territory, and a portion of the party, taking the name of " Free-Soilers," nominated Mr. Van Buren. They drew away sufficient votes to secure the election of General Taylor, the Whig candidate. After this Mr. Van Buren retired to his es- tate at Kinderhook, where the remainder of his life was passed, with the exception of a European tour in 1853. He died at Kinderhook, July 24, 1862, at the age of eighty years. Martin Van Buren was a great and good man, and no one will question his right to a high position among those who have been the successors of Washington in the faithful occupancy of the Presidential chair. c6 PRESIDENTS OP THE UNITED STATES. WILLIAM HENRY HflfiHISDN 'ILLIAM HENRY HARRISON, the ninth President of the United States, I 84 I, was born February 9, 1773, in Charles County, Virginia, at Berkeley, the resi- dence of his father. Governor Benjamin Harrison. He studied at Hampden, Sidney College, with a view of entering the med- ical profession. After graduation he went to Philadelphia to study medicine under the instruction of Dr. Rush. George Washington was then President of the United States, The Indians were committing fearful ravages on our North- western frontier. Young Harrison, either lured by the love of adventure, or moved by the sufferings of families exposed to the most horrible outrages, abandoned his med- ical studies and entered the army, having obtained a commission of ensign from Pres- ident Washington. The first duty assigned him was to take a train of pack-horses bound to Fort Hamilton, on the Miami River, about forty miles from Fort Wash- ington. He was soon promoted to the rank of Lieutenant, and joined the army which Washington had placed under the command of General Wayne to prosecute more vigorously the war with the In- dians. Lieutenant Harrison received great commendation from his commanding offi- cer, and was promoted to the rank of Captain, and placed in command at Fort Washington, now Cincmnati, Ohio. About this time he married a daughter of John Cleves Symmes, one of the fron- tiersmen who had established a thriving settlement on the bank of the Maumee. In 1797 Captain Harrison resigned his commission in the army and was appointed Secretary of the Northwest Territory, and ex-officio Lieutenant-Governor, General St. Clair being then Governor of the Territory. At that time the law in reference to the disposal of the public lands was such that no one could purchase in tracts less than 4,000 acres. Captain Harrison, in the face of violent opposition, succeeded in obtaining so much of a modification of this unjust law that the land was sold in alternate tracts of 640 and 320 acres. The Northwest Territory vas then entitled to one delegate in Congress, and Cap- tain Harrison was chosen to fill that of- fice. In 1800 he was appointed Governor ^^ /^/9c a^ WILLIAM HENnr HARRISON. ^'^ of Indiana Territory and soon after of Upper Louisiana. He was also Superin- tendent of Indian Affairs, and so well did he fulfill these duties that he was four times appointed to this office. During his admin- istration he effected thirteen treaties with the Indians, by which the United States acquired 60,000,000 acres of land. In 1804 he obtained a cession from the Indians of all the land between the Illinois River and the Mississippi. In 1812 he was made Major-General of Kentucky militia and Brigadier-General in the army, with the command of the Northwest frontier. In 181 3 he was made Major-General, and as such won much re- nown by the defense of Fort Meigs, and the battle of the Thames, Octobers, 181 3. In 1 8 14 he left the army and was employed in Indian affairs by the Government. In 18 16 General Harrison was chosen a member of the National House of Repre- sentatives to represent the district of Ohio. In the contest which preceded his election he was accused of corruption in respect to the commissariat of the army. Immedi- ately upon taking his seat, he called for an investigation of the charge. A committee was appointed, and his vindication was triumphant. A high compliment was paid to his patriotism, disinterestedness and devotion to the public service. For these services a gold medal was presented to him with the thanks of Congress. In 1819 he was elected to the Senate of Ohio, and in 1824, as one of the Presiden- tial electors of that State, he gave his vote to Henry Clay. In the same year he was elected to the Senate of the United States. In 1828 he was appointed by President Adams minister plenipotentiary to Colom- bia, but was recalled by General Jackson immediately after the inauguration of the Jatter. Upon his return to the United States, General Harrison retired to his farm at North Bend, Hamilton County, Ohip, six- teen miles below Cincinnati, where for twelve years he was clerk of the County Court. He once owned a distillery, but perceiving the sad effects of whisky upon the surrounding population, he promptly abandoned his business at great pecuniary sacrifice. In 1836 General Harrison was brought forward as a candidate for the Presidency. Van Buren was the administration candi- date; the opposite party could not unite, and four candidates were brought forward. General Harrison received seventy-three electoral votes without any general concert among his friends. The Democratic party triumphed and Mr. Van Buren was chosen President. In 1839 General Harrison was again nominated for the Presidency by the Whigs, at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, Mr. Van Buren being the Democratic candi- date. General Harrison received 234 elec- toral votes against sixty for his opponent. This election is memorable chiefly for the then extraordinary means employed during the canvass for popular votes- Mass meet- ings and processions were introduced, and the watchwords " log cabin " and " hard cider " were effectually used by the Whigs, and aroused a popular enthusiasm. A vast concourse of people attended his inauguration. His address on that occasion was in accordance with his antecedents, and gave great satisfaction. A short time after he took his seat, he was seized by a pleurisy- fever, and after a few days of violent sick- ness, died April 4, just one short month after his inauguration. His death was universally regarded as one of the greatest of National calamities. Never, since the death of Washington, were there, throughout one land, such demonstrations of sorrow. Not one single spot can be found to sully his fame; and through all ages Americans wili pronounce with love and reverence the name of William Henry Harrison. 6o PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. iiii ,#^^^c^^^^^^g^^5l^^^^g^^y^^g »-i>S^» OHN TYLER, the tenth President of the United States, was born in Charles City Count}', Virginia, March 29, 1790. His father. Judge John Tyler, possessed large landed estates in Virginia, and was one of the most distinguished men of his day, filling the offices of Speaker of the House of Delegates, Judge of the Su- preme Court and Governor of the State. At the early age of twelve young John entered William and Mary College, and graduated with honor when but seventeen years old. He then closely applied himself to the study of law, and at nineteen years of age commenced the prac- tice of his profession. When only twenty- one he was elected to a seat in the State Legislature. He acted with the Demo- cratic party and advocated the measures of Jefferson and Madison. For five years he was elected to the Legislature, receiving nearly the unanimous vote of his county. When but twenty-six years of age he was elected a member of Congress. He advo- cated a strict construction of the Constitu- tion and the most careful vigilance over State rights. He was soon compelled to resign his seat in Congress, owing to ill health, but afterward took his seat in the State Legislature, where he exerted a powerful influence in promoting public works of great utility. In 1825 Mr. Tyler was chosen Governor of his State — a high honor, for Virginia had many able men as competitors for the prize. His administration was signally a successful one. He urged forward inter- nal improvements and strove to remove sectional jealousies. His popularity secured his re-election. In 1827 he was elected United States Senator, and upon taking his seat joined the ranks of the opposition. He opposed the tariff, voted against the bank as unconstitutional, opposed all restrictions upon slavery, resisted all projects of inter- nal improvements by the General Govern- ment, avowed his sympathy with Mr. Cal- houn's views of nullification, and declared that General Jackson, by his opposition to the nullifiers, had abandoned the principles of the Democratic party. Such was Mr. Tyler's record in Congress. This hostility to Jackson caused Mr. Tyler's retirement from the Senate, after his election to a second term. He soon after removed to Williamsburg for the better educa'tion of his children, and again took his seat in the Legislature. w r JOHN TYLER. 63 In 1839 he was sent to the National Con- vention at Harrisburg to nominate a Presi- dent. General Harrison received a majority of votes, much to the disappointment of the South, who had wished for Henry Clay. In order to conciliate the Southern Whigs, John Tyler was nominated for Vice-Presi- dent. Harrison and Tyler were inaugu- rated iNIarch 4, 1841. In one short month from that time President Harrison died, and Mr. Tyler, to his own surprise as well as that of the nation, found himself an occupant of the Presidential chair. His position was an exceedingly difficult one, as he was opposed to the main principles of the party which had brought him into power. General Harrison had selected a Whig cabinet Should he retain them, and thus surround himself with councilors whose views were antagonistic to his own? or should he turn against the party that had elected him, and select a cabinet in harmony with himself? This was his fear- ful dilemma. President Tyler deserves more charity than he has received. He issued an address to the people, which gave general satisfac- tion. He retained the cabinet General Harrison had selected. His veto of a bill chartering a new national bank led to an open quarrel with the party which elected him, and to a resignation of the entire cabinet, except Daniel Webster, Secretary of State. President Tyler attempted to conciliate. He appointed a new cabinet, leaving out all strong party men, but the Whig members of Congress were not satisfied, and they published a manifesto September 13, break- ing off all political relations. The Demo- crats had a majority in the House ; the Whigs in the Senate. Mr. Webster soon found it necessary to resign, being forced out by the pressure of his Whig friends. April 12, 1844, President Tyler concluded, Through Mr. Calhoun, a treaty for the an- nexation of Texas, which was rejected by the Senate ; but he effected his object in the closing days of his administration by the passage of the joint resolution of March i 1845. He was nominated for the Presidency by an informal Democratic Convention, held at Baltimore in May, 1844, but soon with- drew from the canvass, perceiving that he had not gained the confidence of the Demo- crats at large. Mr. Tyler's administration was particu- larly unfortunate. No one was satisfied. Whigs and Democrats alike assailed him. Situated as he was, it is more than can be expected of human nature that he should, in all cases, have acted in the wisest manner ; but it will probably be the verdict of all candid men, in a careful review of his career, that John Tyler was placed in a position of such difficulty that he could not pursue any course which would not expose him to severe censure and denunciation. In 1813 Mr. Tyler married Letitia Chris- tian, who bore him three sons and three daughters, and died in Washington in 1842. June 26, 1844, he contracted a second mar- riage with Miss Julia Gardner, of New York. He lived in almost complete retire- ment from politics until February, 1861, when he was a member of the abortive " peace convention," held at Washington, and was chosen its President. Soon after he renounced his allegiance to the United States and was elected to the Confederate Congress. He died at Richmond, January 17, 1862, after a short illness. Unfortunately for his memory the name of John Tyler must forever be associated with all the misery of that tei'rible Re- bellion, whose cause he openly espoused. It is with sorrow that history records that a President of the United States died while defending the flag of rebellion, which was arrayed against the national banner in deadly warfare. 64 PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. gjj^/jv -^- ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^•T='©!scSa>5S3»Oi)@) -T- ^ -T- * -T- «j^ -T^ ^' w^ AMES KNOX POLK, the eleventh President of the United States, 1845- '49, was born in Meck- lenburg County, North Carolina, November 2, 1795. He was the eldest son of a family of six sons and four daughters, and was a grand-nephew of Colonel Thomas Polk, celebrated in connection with the Meck- lenburg Declaration of In- dependence. In 1806 his father, Samuel Polk, emigrated with his fam- ily two or three hundred miles west to the valley of the Duck River. He was a sur- veyor as well as farmer, and gradually in- creased in wealth until he became one of the leading men of the region. In the common schools James rapidly be- came proficient in all the common branches of an English education. In 1813 he was sent to Murfreesboro Academy, and in the autumn of 181 5 entered the sophomore class in the University of North Carolina, at Chapel Hill, graduating in 1818. After a short season of recreation he went to Nash- ville and entered the law office of Felix Grundy. As soon as he had his finished legal studies and been admitted to the bar, he returned to Columbia, the shire town of Maury County, and openeJ an office. James K. Polk ever adhered to the polit- ical faith of his father, which was that of a Jeffersonian Republican. In 1823 he was elected to the Legislature of Tennessee. As a " strict constructionist," he did not think that the Constitution empowered the Gen- eral Government to carry on a system of internal improvements in the States, but deemed it important that it should have that power, and wished the Constitution amended that it might be conferred. Sub- sequently, however, he became alarmed lest the General Government become so strong as to undertake to interfere with slavery. He therefore gave all his influence to strengthen the State governments, and to check the growth of the central power. In January, 1824, Mr. Polk married Miss Mary Childress, of Rutherford County, Ten- nessee. Had some one then whispered to him that he was destined to become Presi- dent of the United States, and that he must select for his companion one who would adorn that distinguished station, he could not have made a more fitting choice. She was truly a lady of rare beauty and culture. In the fall of 1825 Mr. Polk was chosen a member of Congress, and was continu- (^y ^ Od. yAMBS K. POLK. 67 ously re-elected until 1839. He then with- drew, only that he might accept the gubernatorial chair of his native State. He was a warm friend of General Jackson, who had been defeated in the electoral contest by John Quincy Adams. This latter gentleman had just taken his seat in the Presidential chair when Mr. Polk took his seat in the House of Representatives. He immediately united himself with the opponents of Mr. Adams, and was soon regarded as the leader of the Jackson party in the House. The four years of Mr. Adams' adminis- tration passed away, and General Jackson took the Presidential chair. Mr. Polk had now become a man of great influence in Congress, and was chairman of its most important committee^that of Ways and Means. Eloquently he sustained General Jackson in all his measures — in his hostility to internal improvements, to the banks, and to the tariff. Eight years of General Jack- son's administration passed away, and the powers he had wielded passed into the hands of Martin Van Buren ; and still Mr. Polk remained in the House, the advocate of that type of Democracy which those distinguished men upheld. During five sessions of Congress Mr. Polk was speaker of the House. He per- formed his arduous duties to general satis- faction, and a unanimous vote of thanks to him was passed by the House as he with- drew, March 4, 1839. He was elected Governor by a large majority, and took the oath of office at Nashville, October 14, 1839. He was a candidate for re-election in 1841, but was defeated. In the mean- time a wonderful revolution had swept over the country. "W. H. Harrison,the Whig candidate, had been called to the Presiden- tial chair, and in Tennessee the Whig ticket had been carried by over 12,000 majority. Under these circumstances Mr. Polk's suc- cess was hopeless. Still he canvassed the State with his Whig competitor, Mr. Jones, traveling in the most friendly manner to- gether, often in the same carriage, and at one time sleeping in the same bed. Mr. Jones was elected by 3,000 majority. And now the question of the annexation of Texas to our country agitated the whole land. When this question became national Mr. Polk, as the avowed champion of an- nexation, became the Presidential candidate of the pro-slavery wing of the Democratic party, and George M. Dallas their candi- date for the Vice-Presidency. They were elected by a large majority, and were in- augurated March 4, 1845. President Polk formed an able cabinet, consisting of James Buchanan, Robert J. Walker, WiUiam L. Marcy, George Ban- croft, Cave Johnson and John Y. Mason. The Oregon boundary question was settled, the Department of the Interior was created, the low tariff of 1846 was carried, the financial system of the Government was reorganized, the Mexican war was con- ducted, which resulted in the acquisition of California and New Mexico, and had far- i^eaching consequences upon the later fort- unes of the republic. Peace was made. We had wrested from Mexico territory equal to four times the empire of France, and five times that of Spain. In the prose- cution of this war we expended 20,000 lives and more than $100,000,000. Of this money $15,000,000 were paid to Mexico. Declining to seek a renomination, Mr. Polk retired from the Presidency March 4, 1849, when he was succeeded by General Zachary Taylor. He retired to Nashville, and died there June 19, 1849, i" the fifty- fourth year of his age. His funeral was at- tended the following day, in Nashville, with every demonstration of respect. He left no children. Without being possessed of extraordinary talent, Mr. Polk was a capable administrator of public affairs, and irre- proachable in private life. 5S PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. i^ii£^i '^^i ACHARY TAY- LOR, the twelfth President of the United States, i849-'5o, was born in Orange County, Virginia, Septem- ber 24, 1784. His father, Richard Taylor, was Colo- nel of a Virginia regiment in the Revolutionary war, and removed to Kentucky in 1785 ; purchased a large plantation near Louisville and became an influential cit- izen ; was a member of the convention that framed the Constitution of Kentucky; served in both branches of the Legislature ; was Collector of the port of Louisville under President Washington ; as a Presidential elector, voted for Jefferson, Madison, Mon- roe and Clay; died January 19,1829. Zachary rertlained on his father's planta- tion until 1808, in which year (May 3) he was appointed First Lieutenant in the Seventh Infantry, to fill a vacancy oc- casioned by the death of his elder brother, Hancock. Up to this point he had received but a limited education. Joining his regiment at New Orleans, he was attacked with yellow fever, with nearly fatal termination. In November, 1810, he was promoted to Captain, and in the sum- mer of 18 1 2 he was in command of Fort Harrison, on the left bank of the Wabash River, near the present site of Terre Haute, his successful defense of which with but a handful of men against a large force of Indians which had attacked him was one of the first marked military achievements of the war. He was then brevetted Major, and in 1814 promoted to the full rank. During the remainder of the war Taylor was actively employed on the Western frontier. In the peace organization of 18 15 he was retained as Captain, but soon after resigned and settled near Louisville. In May, 1 8 16, however, he re-entered the army as Major of the Third Infantry ; became Lieutenant-Colonel of the Eighth Infantry in 1819, and in 1832 attained the Colonelcy of the First Infantry, of which he had been Lieutenant-Colonel since 1 82 1 . On different occasions he had been called to Washington as member of a military board for organiz- ing the militia of the Union, and to aid the Government with his knowledge in the organization of the Indian Bureau, having for many years discharged the duties of Indian agent over large tracts of Western 'y./:^€^/t'^::K'^7-y/ y^^^^uy- - ZACHAIiT TAT LOR. 7i country. He served through the Black Hawk war in 1832, and in 1837 was ordered to take command in Florida, then the scene of war with the Indians. In 1846 he was transferred to the com- mand of the Army of the Southwest, from which he was relieved the same year at his own request. Subsequently he was sta- tioned on the Arkansas frontier at Forts Gibbon, Smith and Jesup, which latter work had been built under his direction in 1822. May 28, 1845, he received a dispatch from the Secretary of War informing him of the receipt of information by the President "that Texas would shortly accede to the terms of annexation," in which event he was instructed to defend and protect her from " foreign invasion and Indian incur- sions." He proceeded, upon the annexation of Texas, with about 1,500 men to Corpus Chnsti, where his force was increased to some 4,000. Taylor was brevetted Major-General May 28, and a month later, June 29, 1846, his full commission to that grade was issued. After needed rest and reinforcement, he advanced in September on Monterey, which city ca- pitulated after three-days stubborn resist- ance. Here he took up his winter quarters. The plan for the invasion of Mexico, by way of Vera Cruz, with General Scott in command, was now determined upon by the Govenrment, and at the moment Taylor was about to resume active operations, he received orders to send the larger part of his force to reinforce the army of General Scott at Vera Cruz. Though subsequently reinforced by raw recruits, yet after pro- viding a garrison for Monterey and Saltillo he had but about 5,300 effective troops, of which but 500 or 600 were regulars. In this weakened condition, however, he was destined to achieve his greatest victory. Confidently relying upon his strength at V^era Cruz to resist the enemy for a long time, Santa Anna directed his entire army against Taylor to overwhelm him, and then to return to oppose the advance of Scott's more formidable invasion. The battle of Buena Vista was fought February 22 and 23, 1847. Taylor received the thanks of Congress and a gold medal, and " Old Rough and Ready," the sobriquet given him in the army, became a household word. He remained in quiet possession of the Rio Grande Valley until November, when he returned to the United States. In the Whig convention which met at Philadelphia,June 7, 1848, Taylor was nomi- nated on the fourth ballot as candidate ji the Whig party for Presideni, over Henry Clay, General Scott and Daniel Webster. In November Taylor received a majority of electoral votes, and a popular vote of 1,360,752, against 1,219,962 for Cass and Butler, and 291,342 for Van Buren and Adams. General Taylor was inaugurated March 4, 1849. The free and slave States being then equal in number, the struggle for supremacy on the part of the leaders in Congress was violent and bitter. In the summer of 1849 California adopted in convention a Consti- tution prohibiting slavery within its borders. Taylor advocated the immediate admission of California with her Constitution, and the postponement of the question as to the other Territories until they could hold conven- tions and decide for themselves whether slavery should exist within their borders. This policy ultimately prevailed through the celebrated " Compromise Measures" of Henry Clay ; biit not during the life of the brave soldier and patriot statesman. July 5 he was taken suddenly ill with a bilious fever, which proved fatal, his death occur- ring July 9, 1850. One of his daughters married Colonel W. W. S. Bliss, his Adju- tant-General and Chief of Staff in Florida and Mexico, and Private Secretary during his Presidency. Another daughter was married to Jefferson Davis. PRESTBENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. LLARD FILL- MORE, the thir- ^cj; teenth President of the United States, i85o-'3, was born in Summer Hill, Cayuga County, New York, Janu- ary 7, 1800. He was of New England ancestry, and his educational advantages were limited. He early learned the clothiers' trade, but spent all his leisure time in study. At nineteen years of age he was induced by Judge Walter Wood to abandon his trade and commence the study of law. Upon learning that the young man was entirely destitute of means, he took him into his own office and loaned him such money as he needed. That he might not be heavily burdened with debt, young Fillmore taught school during the winter months, and in various other ways helped himself along. At the age of twenty-three he was ad- mitted to the Court of Common Pleas, and commenced the practice of his profession in the village of Aurora, situated on the eastern bank of the Cayuga Lake. In 1825 he married Miss Abigail Powers, daughter of Rev. Lemuel Powers, a lady of great moral worth. In 1825 he took his seat in the House of Assembly of his native State, as Representative from Erie County, whither he had recently moved. Though he had never taken a very active part in politics his vote and his sym- pathies were with the Whig party. The State was then Democratic, but his cour- tesy, ability and integrity won the respect of his associates. In 1832 he was elected to a seat in the United States Congress. At the close of his term he returned to his law practice, and in two years more he was again elected to Congress. He now began to have a national reputa- tion. His labors were very arduous. To draft resolutions in the committee room, and then to defend them against the most skillful opponents on the floor of the House requires readiness of mind, mental resources and skill in debate such as few possess. Weary with these exhausting labors, and pressed by the claims of his private affairs, Mr. Fillmore wrote a letter to his constitu- ents and declined to be a candidate for re- election. Notwithstanding this ccmmuni- V '» ^'Ca.^^^-l^AJ) 'J OC-^^i^ 6-^ RANKLIN PIERCE, the fourteenth Presi- dent of the United States, was born in ,^ Hillsborough, New m^ Hampshire, Novem- sb^^ ber 23, 1804. His lis father. Governor Benjamin Pierce, was a Rev- olutionary soldier, a man of rigid integrity ; was for sev- eral years in the State Legis- lature, a member of the Gov- ernor's council and a General of the militia. Franklin was the sixth of eight children. As a boy he listened eagerly to the argu- ments of his father, enforced by strong and ready utterance and earnest gesture. It was in the days of intense political excite- ment, when, all over the New England States, Federalists and Democrats were ar- rayed so fiercely against each other. In 1820 he entered Bowdoin College, at Brunswick, Maine, and graduated in 1824, and commenced the study of law in the office of Judge Woodbury, a very distin- guished lawyer, and in 1827 was admitted to the bar. He practiced with great success in Hillsborough and Concord. He served in the State Legislature four years, the last two of which he was chosen Speaker of the House by a very large vote. In 1833 he was elected a member of Con- gress. In 1 837 he was elected to the United States Senate, just as Mr. Van Buren com- menced his administration. In 1834 he married Miss Jane Means Appleton, a lady admirably fitted to adorn every station with which her husband was honored. Three sons born to them all found an early grave. Upon his accession to office, President Polk appointed Mr. Pierce Attorney-Gen- eral of the United States, but the offer was declined in consequence of numerous pro- fessional engagements at home and the precarious state of Mrs. Pierce's health. About the same time he also declined the nomination for Governor by the Demo- cratic party. The war with Mexico called Mr. Pierce into the army. Receiving the appointment of Brigadier-General, he embarked with a portion of his troops at Newport, Rhode Island, May 27, 1847. ^^ served during this war, and distinguished himself by his bravery, skill and excellent judgment. When he reached his home in his native State he was enthusiastically received by FRANKLIN PIERCE. the advocates of the war, and coldly by its opponents. He resumed the practice of his profession, frequently taking an active part in political questions, and giving his sup- port to the pro-slaver}' wing of the Demo- cratic party. June 12, 1852, the Democratic convention met in Baltimore to nominate a candidate for the Presidency. For four days they continued in session, and in thirty-five bal- lotings no one had received the requisite two-thirds vote. Not a vote had been thrown thus far for General Pierce. Then the Virginia delegation brought forward his name. There were fourteen more bal- lotings, during which General Pierce gained strength, until, at the forty-ninth ballot, he received 282 votes, and all other candidates eleven. General Winfield Scott was the Whig candidate. General Pierce was elected with great unanimity. Only four States — Vermont, Massachusetts, Ken- tucky and Tennessee— cast their electoral votes against him. March 4, 1853, he was inaugurated President of the United States, and William R. King, Vice-President. President Pierce's cabinet consisted of William S. Marcy, James Guthrie, Jefferson Davis, James C. Dobbin, Robert McClel- land, James Campbell and Caleb Cushing. At the demand of slavery the Missouri Compromise was repealed, and all the Ter- ritories of the Union were thrown open to slavery. The Territory of Kansas, west of Missouri, was settled by emigrants mainly from the North. According to law, they were about to meet and decide whether slavery or freedom should be the law of that realm. Slavery in Missouri and other Southern States rallied her armed legions, marched them into Kansas, took possession of the polls, drove away the citizens, deposited their own votes by handtuls, went through the farce of count- ing them, and then declared that, by an overwhelming majority, slavery was estab- lished in Kansas. These facts nobod}' denied, and yet President Pierce's adminis- tration felt bound to respect the decision obtained by such votes. The citizens of Kansas, the majority of whom were free- State men, met in convention and adopted the following resolve : ^'■Resolved, That the body of men who, for the past two months, have been passing laws for the people of our Territory, moved, counseled and dictated to by the demagogues of other States, are to us a foreign body, representing only the lawless invaders who elected them, and not the people of this Territory ; that we repudiate their action as the monstrous consummation of an act of violence, usurpation and fraud unparalleled in the history of the Union." The free-State people of Kansas also sent a petition to the General Government, im- ploring its protection. lu reply the Presi- dent issued a proclamation, declaring that Legislature thus created must be recog- nized as the legitimate Legislature of Kan- sas, and that its laws were binding upon the people, and that, if necessary, the whole force of the Governmental arm would be put forth to inforce those laws. James Buchanan succeeded him in the Presidency, and, March 4, 1857, President Pierce retired to his home in Concord, New Hampshire. When the Rebellion burst forth Mr. Pierce remained steadfast to the principles he had always cherished, and gave his sympathies to the pro-slaver}^ party, with which he had ever been allied. He declined to do anything, either by voice or pen, to strengthen the hands of the National Government. He resided in Concord until his death, which occurred in October, 1869. He was one of the most genial and social of men, generous to a fault, and contributed liberally of his moderate means for the alleviation of suf- fering and want. He was an honored communicant of the Episcopal church. So PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. i^^^^^^^S^ Vj^^^^f^^^f^. '^ i igiiaaiEiaaiajiiaa B (i i)*&>^<^<^t^t^tgt>t^'5^ . 'AMES BUCHANAN, the fifteenth President of the United States, i857-'6i, was born in Franklin County, Penns3'lvania, April 23, 1791. The place where his father's cabin stood was called Stony Batter, and it was situated in a wild, romantic spot, in a gorge of mount- ains, with towering sum- mits rising all around. He was of frish ancestry, his father having emigrated in- 1783, with very little prop- erty, save his own strong arms. James remained in his secluded home for eight years enjoying very few social or intellectual advantages. His parents were industrious, frugal, prosperous and intelli- gent. In 1799 his father removed to Mer- cersburg, where James was placed in school and commenced a course in English, Greek and Latin. His progress was rapid and in 1801 he entered Dickinson Colleg-e at Carlisle. Here he took his stand amonp- the first scholars in the institution, and was able to master the most abstruse subjects with facility. In 1809 he graduated with the highest honors in his class. He was then eighteen years of age, tall, graceful and in vigorous health, fond of athletic sports, an unerring shot and en- livened with an exuberant flow of animal spirits. He immediately commenced the study of law in the city of Lancaster, and was admitted to the bar in 1812. He rose very rapidly in his profession and at once took undisputed stand with the ablest law- yers of the State. When but twenty-six years of age, unaided by counsel, he suc- cessfully defended before the State Senate one of the Judges of the State, who was tried upon articles of impeachment. At the age of thirty it was generally admitted that he stood at the head of the bar, and there was no lawyer in the State who had a more extensive or lucrative practice. In 1812, just after Mr. Buchanan had entered upon the practice of the law, our second war with England occurred. With all his powers he sustained the Govern- ment, eloquently urging the rigorous pros- ecution of the war; and even enlisfing as a private soldier to assist in repelling the British, who had sacked Washington and were threatening Baltimore. He Avas at that time a Federalist, but when the Con- stitution was adopted by both parties, Jefferson truly said, " We are all Federal- ists: we are all Republicans." The opposition of the Federalists to the war with England, and the alien and sedi- <^7/zr^ ^^ Z^(5r '. ^^ 'yjMES BUCHANAN. 53 tion laws of John Adams, brought the party into dispute, and the name of Federalist became a reproach. Mr. Buchanan almost immediately upon entering Congress began to incline more and more to the Repub- licans. In the stormy Presidential election of 1824, in which Jackson, Clay, Crawford and John Quincy Adams were candidates, Mr. Buchanan espoused the cause of Gen- eral Jackson and unrelentingly opposed the administration of Mr. Adams. Upon his elevation to the Presidency, General Jackson appointed Mr. Buchanan, minister to Russia. Upon his return in 1833 he was elected to a seat in the United States Senate. He there met as his associates, Webster, Clay, Wright and Calhoun. He advocated the measures proposed by Presi- dent Jackson of making reprisals against France, and defended the course of the Pres- ident in his unprecedented and wholesale removals from office of those who were not the supporters of his administration. Upon this question he was brought into direct col- lision with Henry Clay. In the discussion of the question respecting the admission of Michigan and Arkansas into the Union, Mr. Buchanan defined his position by saying: " The older I grow, the more I am in- clined to be what is called a State-rights man." M. de Tocqueville, in his renowned work upon " Democracy in America," foresaw the trouble which was inevitable from the doctrine of State sovereignty as held by Calhoun and Buchanan. He was con- vinced that the National Government was losing that strength which was essential to its own existence, and that the States were assuming powers which threatened the perpetuity of the Union. Mr. Buchanan received the book in the Senate and de- clared the fears of De Tocqueville to be groundless, and yet he lived to sit in the Presidential chair and see State after State, in accordance with his own views of State rights, breaking from the Union, thus crumbling our Republic into ruins; while the unhappy old man folded his arms in despair, declaring that the National Consti- tution invested him with no power to arrest the destruction. Upon Mr. Polk's accession to the Presi- dency, Mr. Buchanan became Secretary of State, and as such took his share of the responsibility in the conduct of the Mexi- can war. At the close of Mr. Polk's ad- ministration, Mr. Buchanan retired to pri- vate life; but his intelligence, and his great ability as a statesman, enabled him to exert a powerful influence in National affairs, Mr. Pierce, upon his election to the Presidency, honored Mr. Buchanan with the mission to England. In the year 1856 the National Democratic convention nomi- nated Mr. Buchanan for the Presidency. The political conflict was one of the most severe in which our country has ever en- gaged. On the 4th of March, 1857, Mr. Buchanan was inaugurated President. His cabinet were Lewis Cass, Howell Cobb, J. B. Floyd, Isaac Toucey, Jacob Thomp- son, A. V. Brown and J. S. Black. The disruption of the Democratic party, in consequence of the manner in which the issue of the nationality of slavery was pressed by the Southern wing, occurred at the National convention, held at Charleston in April, i860, for the nomination of Mr. Buchanan's successor, when the majority of Southern delegates withdrew upon the passage of a resolution declaring that the constitutional status of slavery should be determined by the Supreme Court. In the next Presidential canvass Abra- ham Lincoln was nominated by the oppo- nents of Mr. Buchanan's administration. Mr. Buchanan remained in Washington long enough to see his successor installed and then retired to his home in Wheatland. He died June i, 1868, aged seventy-seven years. PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. M ^ BRAHAM LIN- COLN, the sixteenth President of the United States, i86i-'5, was born February 12, 1809, in Larue (then Hardin) County, Kentucky, in a cabin on Nolan Creek, three miles west of Hudgensville. H i s parents were Thomas and Nanc}' (Hanks) Lincoln. Of his an- cestry and early years the little that is known may best be given in his own language : " My parents were both born in Virginia, of un- distinguished families — second families, per- haps I should say. My mother, who died in my tenth year, was of a family of the name of Hanks, some of whom now remain in Adams, and others in Macon County, Illinois. My paternal grandfather, Abra- ham Lincoln, emigrated from Rockbridge County, Virginia, to Kentucky in 1781 or 1782, where, a year or two later, he was killed by Indians — not in battle, but by stealth, when he was laboring to open a farm in the forest. His ancestors, who were Quakers, went to Virginia from Berks County, Pennsylvania. An effort to iden- tify them with the New England family of the same name ended in nothing more defi- nite than a similarity of Christian names in both families, such as Enoch, Levi, Mor- decai, Solomon, Abraham and the like. My father, at the death of his father, was but six years of age, and he grew up, liter- ally, without education. He removed from Kentucky to what is now Spencer County, Indiana, in my eighth year. We reached our new home about the time the State came into the Union. It was a wild region, with bears and other wild animals still in the woods. There I grew to manhood. " There were some schools, so called, but no qualification was ever required of a teacher beyond ' readin', writin', and cipher- in' to the rule of three.' If a straggler, sup- posed to understand Latin, happened to sojourn in the neighborhood, he was looked upon as a wizard. There was absolutely nothing to excite ambition for education. Of course, when I came of age I did not know much. Still, somehow, I could read, write and cipher to the rule of three, and that was all. I have not been to school since. The little advance I now have upon this store of education I have picked up from time to time under the pressure of necessity. I was raised to farm-work, which f/^' £}-^ "^--C-f-Z^v^' ABRAHAM LINCOLN. 87 I continued till I was twenty-two. At twenty-one I came to Illinois and passed the first year in Macon County. Then I got to New Salem, at that time in Sangamon, now in Menard County, where I remained a year as a sort of clerk in a store. " Then came the Black Hawk war, and I was elected a Captain of volunteers — a suc- cess which gave me more pleasure than any I have had since. I went the campaign, was elated ; ran for the Legislature the same year (1832) and was beaten, the only time I have ever been beaten by the people. The next and three succeeding biennial elections I was elected to the Legislature, and was never a candidate afterward. " During this legislative period I had studied law, and removed to Springfield to practice it. In 1846 I was elected to the Lower House of Congress ; was not a can- didate for re-election. From 1849 to 1854, inclusive, I practiced the law more assid- uously than ever before. Always a Whig in politics, and generally on the Whig elec- toral tickets, making active canvasses, I was losing interest in politics, when the repeal of the Missouri Compromise roused me again. What I have done since is pretty well known." The early residence of Lincoln in Indi- ana was sixteen miles north of the Ohio River, on Little Pigeon Creek, one and a half miles east of Gentry ville, within the present township of Carter. Here his mother died October 5, 1818, and the next year his father married Mrs. Sally (Bush) Johnston, of Ehzabethtown, Kentucky. She was an affectionate foster-parent, to whom Abraham was indebted for his first encour- agement to study. He became an eager reader, and the few books owned in the vicinity were many times perused. He worked frequently for the neighbors as a farm laborer ; was for some time clerk in a store at Gentry ville ; and became famous throughout that region for his athletic powers, his fondness for argument, his in- exhaustible fund of humerous anecdote, as well as for mock oratory and the composi- tion of rude satirical verses. In 1828 he made a trading voyage to New Orleans as " bow-hand " on a flatboat ; removed to lUinois in 1830; helped his father build a log house and clear a farm on the north fork of- Sangamon River, ten miles west of Decatur, and was for some time employed in splitting rails for the fences — a fact which was prominently brought forward for 3 political purpose thirty years later. In the spring of 1851 he, with two of his relatives, was hired to build a flatboat on the Sangamon River and navigate it to New Orleans. The boat " stuck " on a mill-dam, and was got off with great labor through an ingenious mechanical device which some years later led to Lincoln's taking out a ' patent for "an improved method for lifting vessels over shoals." This voyage was memorable for another reason — the sight of slaves chained, mal- treated and flogged at New Orleans was the origin of his deep convictions upon the slavery question. Returning from this voyage he became a resident for several years at New Salem, a recently settled village on the Sangamon, where he was successively a clerk, grocer, surveyor and postmaster, and acted as pilot to the first steamboat that ascended the Sangamon. Here he studied law, inter- ested himself in local politics after his return from the Black Hawk war, and became known as an effective " stump speaker." The subject of his first political speech was the improvement of the channel of the Sangamon, and the chief ground on which he announced himself (1832) a candi- date for the Legislature was his advocacy of this popular measure, on which subject his practical experience made him the high- est authority. Elected to the Legislature in 1834 as a ' 88 PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. " Henry Clay Whig," he rapidly acquired that command of language and that homely but forcible rhetoric which, added to his intimate knowledge of the people from which he sprang, made him more than a match in debate for his few well-educated opponents. Admitted to the bar in 1837 he soon estabhshed himself at Springfield, where the State capital was located in 1839, largely through his influence; became a successful pleader in the State, Circuit and District Courts ; married in 1842 a lady be- longing to a prominent family in Lexington, Kentucky ; took an active part in the Pres- idential campaigns of 1840 and 1844 as candidate for elector on the Harrison and Clay tickets, and in 1846 was elected to the United States House of Representatives over the celebrated Peter Cai"twright. During his single term in Congress he did not attain any prominence. He voted for the reception of anti-slavery petitions for the abolition of the slave trade in the District of Columbia and for the Wilmot proviso; but was chiefly remem- bered for the stand he took against the Mexican war. For several years there- after he took comparatively little interest in politics, but gained a leading position at the Springfield bar. Two or three non- political lectures and an eulogy on- Henry Clay (1852) added nothing to his reputation. In 1854 the repeal of the Missouri Compromise by the Kansas-Nebraska act aroused Lincoln from his indifference, and in attacking that measure he had the im- mense advantage of knowing perfectly well the motives and the record of its author, Stephen A. Douglas, of Illinois, then popu- larly designated as the " Little Giant." The latter came to Springfield in October, 1854, on the occasion of the State Fair, to vindi- cate his pohcy in the Senate, and the "Anti- Nebraska" Whigs, remembering that Lin- • coin had often measured his strength with Douglas in the Illinois Legislature and be- fore the Springfield Courts, engaged him to improvise a reply. This speech, in the opinion of those who heard it, was one of the greatest efforts of Lincoln's life ; cer- tainly the most effective in his whole career. It took the audience by storm, and from that moment it was felt that Douglas had met his match. Lincoln was accordingly selected as the Anti-Nebraska candidate for the United States Senate in place of General Shields, whose term expired March 4, 1855, and led to several ballots ; but Trumbull was ultimately chosen. The second conflict on the soil of Kan- sas, which Lincoln had predicted, soon be- gan. The result was the disruption of the Whig and the formation of the Republican party. At the Bloomington State Conven- tion in 1856, where the new party first assumed form in Illinois, Lincoln made an impressive address, in which for the first time he took distinctive ground against slaver}' in itself. At the National Republican Convention at Philadelphia, June 17, after the nomi- nation of Fremont, Lincoln was put for- ward by the Illinois delegation for the Vice-Presidency, and received on the first ballot no votes against 259 for William L Dayton. He took a prominent part in the canvass, being on the electoral ticket. In 1858 Lincoln was unanimously nomi- nated by the Republican State Convention as its candidate for the United States Senate in place of Douglas, and in his speech of acceptance used the celebrated illustration of a "house divided against itself " on the slavery question, which was, perhaps, the cause of his defeat. The great debate car- ried on at all the principal towns of Illinois between Lincoln and Douglas as rival Sena- torial candidates resulted at the time in the election of the latter ; but being widely cir- culated as a campaign document, it fixed the attention of the country upon the ABRAHAM LINCOLN. former, as the clearest and most convinc- ing exponent of Republican doctrine. Early in 1859 ^^ began to be named in Illinois as a suitable Republican candidate for the Presidential campaign of the ensu- ing year, and a political address delivered at the Cooper Institute, New York, Febru- ary 27, i860, followed by similar speeches at New Haven, Hartford and elsewhere in New England, first made him known to the Eastern States in the light by which he had long been regarded at home. By the Re- publican State Convention, which met at Decatur, Illinois, May 9 and 10, Lincoln was unanimously endorsed for the Presi- dency. It was on this occasion that two rails, said to have been split by his hands thirty years before, were brought into the convention, and the incident contributed much to his popularity. The National Republican Convention at Chicago, after spirited efforts made in favor of Seward, Chase and Bates, nominated Lincoln for the Presidency, with Hannibal Hamlin for Vice-President, at the same time adopt- ing a vigorous anti-slavery platform. The Democratic party having been dis- organized and presenting two candidates, Douglas and Breckenridge, and the rem- nant of the " American" party having put forward John Bell, of Tennessee, the Re- publican victory was an easy one, Lincoln being elected November 6 by a large plu- rality, comprehending nearly all the North- ern States, but none of the Southern. The secession of South Carolina and the Gulf States was the immediate result, followed a few months later by that of the border slave States and the outbreak of the great civil war. The life of Abraham Lincoln became thenceforth merged in the history of his country. None of the details of the vast conflict which filled the remainder of Lin- coln's life can here be given. Narrowly escaping assassination by avoiding Balti- more on his way to the capital, he reached Washington February 23, and was inaugu- rated President of the United States March 4, 1861. In his inaugural address he said: " I hold, that in contemplation of universal law and the Constitution the Union of these States is perpetual. Perpetuity is implied if not ex- pressed in the fundamental laws of all na- tional governments. It is safe to assert that no government proper ever had a pro- vision in its organic law for its own termi- nation. I therefore consider that in view of the Constitution and the laws, the Union is unbroken, and to the extent of my ability I shall take care, as the Constitution en- joins upon me, that the laws of the United States be extended in all the States. In doing this there need be no bloodshed or vio- lence, and there shall be none unless it be forced upon the national authority. The power conferred to me will be used to hold, occupy and possess the property and places belonging to the Government, and to col- lect the duties and imports, but beyond what may be necessary for these objects there will be no invasion, no using of force against or among the people anywhere. In your hands, my dissatisfied fellow-country- men, is the momentous issue of civil war. The Government will not assail you. You can have no conflict without being your- selves the aggressors. You have no oath registered in heaven to destroy the Gov- ernment, while I shall have the most sol- emn one to preserve, protect and defend it." He called to his cabinet his principal rivals for the Presidential nomination — Seward, Chase, Cameron and Bates; se- cured the co-operation of the Union Demo- crats, headed by Douglas ; called out 75,000 militia from the several States upon the first tidings of the bombardment of Fort Sumter, April 15; proclaimed a blockade of the Southern posts April 19; called an extra 90 PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. session of Congress for July 4, from which he asked and obtained 400,000 men and $400,000,000 for the war; placed McClellan at the head of the Federal army on General Scott's resignation, October 31; appointed Edwin M. Stanton Secretary of War, Jan- uary 14, 1862, and September 22, 1862, issued a proclamation declaring the free- dom of all slaves in the States and parts of States then in rebellion from and after January i, 1863. This was the crowning act of Lincoln's career — the act by which he will be chiefly known through all future time — and it decided the war. October i6, 1863, President Lincoln called for 300,000 volunteers to replace those whose term of enlistment had expired ; made a celebrated and touching, though brief, address at the dedication of the Gettysburg 'military cemetery, November 19, 1863; commissioned Ulysses S. Grant Lieutenant-General and Commander-in- Chief of the armies of the United States, March 9, 1864; was re-elected President in November of the same year, by a large majority over General McClellan, with Andrew Johnson, of Tennessee, as Vice- President; delivered a very remarkable ad- dress at his second inauguration, March 4, 1865; visited the army before Richmond the same month; entered the capital of the Con- federacy the day after its fall, and upon the surrender of General Robert E. Lee's army, April 9, was actively engaged in devising generous plans for the reconstruction of the Union, when, on the evening of Good Fri- day, April 14, he was shot in his box at Ford's Theatre, Washington, byJohnWilkes Booth, a fanatical actor, and expired early on the following morning, April 15. Al- most simultaneously a murderous attack was made upon William H. Seward, Secre- tary of State. At noon on the 15th of April Andrew Johnson assumed the Presidency, and active measures were taken which resulted in the death of Booth and the execution of his principal accomplices. The funeral of President Lincoln was conducted with unexampled solemnity and magnificence. Impressive services were held in Washington, after which the sad procession proceeded over the same route he had traveled four years before, from Springfield to Washington. In Philadel- phia his body lay in state in Independence Hall, in which he had declared before his first inauguration " that I would sooner be assassinated than to give up the principles of the Declaration of Independence." ' He was buried at Oak Ridge Cemetery, near Springfield, lUinois, on May 4, where a monument emblematic of the emancipation of the slaves and the restoration of the Union mark his resting place. The leaders and citizens of the expiring Confederacy expressed genuine indignation at the murder of a generous political adver- sary. Foreign nations took part in mourn- ing the death of a statesman who had proved himself a true representative of American nationality. The freedmen of the South almost worshiped the memory of their de- liverer ; and the general sentiment of the great Nation he had saved awarded him a place in its affections, second only to that held by Washington. The characteristics of Abraham Lincoln have been familiarly known throughout the civilized world. His tall, gaunt, ungainly figure, homely countenance, and his shrewd mother-wit, shown in his celebrated con- versations overflowing in humorous and pointed anecdote, combined with an accu- rate, intuitive appreciation of the questions of the time, are recognized as forming the best type of a period of American history now rapidly passing away. '^K. ^'^-a^r^^z ANDREW JOHNSON. 93 NDREW JOHNSON, the seventeenth Presi- dent of the United States, 1865-9, was born at Raleigh, North Carolina, De- c e m b e r 29, 1808. His father died when he was four years old, and in his eleventh year he was ap- prenticed to a tailor. He nev- er attended school, and did not learn to read until late in his apprenticeship, when he suddenly acquired a passion for obtaining knowledge, and devoted all his spare time to reading. After working two years as a journey- man tailor at Lauren's Court-House, South Carolina, he removed, in 1826, to Green- ville, Tennessee, where he worked at his trade and married. Under his wife's in- structions he made rapid progress in his education, and manifested such an intelli- gent interest in local politics as to be elected as " workingmen's candidate " al- derman, in 1828, and mayor in 1830, being twice re-elected to each office. During this period he cultivated his tal- ents as a public speaker by taking part in a debating society, consisting largely of stu- dents of Greenville College. In 1835, and again in 1839, he was chosen to the lower house of the Legislature, as a Democrat. In 1 841 he was elected State Senator, and in 1843, Representative in Congress, being re-elected four successive periods, until 1853, when he was chosen Governor of Tennessee. In Congress he supported the administrations of Tyler and Polk in their chief measures, especially the annexation of Texas, the adjustment of the Oregon boundary, the Mexican war, and the tariff of 1846. In 185s Mr. Johnson was re-elected Gov- ernor, and in 1857 entered the United States Senate, where he was conspicuous as an advocate of retrenchment and of the Homestead bill, and as an opponent of the Pacific Railroad. He was supported by the Tennessee delegation to the Democratic convention in i860 for the Presidential nomination, and lent his influence to the Breckenridge wing of that party. When the election of Lincoln had brought about the first, attempt at secession in December, i860, Johnson took in the Senate a firm attitude for the Union, and in May, 1861, on returning to Tennessee, he was in imminent peril of suffering from 9+ PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. popular violence for his loyalty to the " old flag." He was the leader of the Loyalists' convention of East Tennessee, and during the following winter was very active in or- ganizing relief for the destitute loyal refu- gees from that region, his own family being among those compelled to leave. By his course in this crisis Johnson came prominently before the Northern public, and when in March, 1862, he was appointed by President Lincoln military Governor of Tennessee, with the rank of Brigadier-Gen- eral, he increased in popularity by the vig- orous and successful manner in v/hich he labored to restore order, protect Union men and punish marauders. On the ap- proach of the Presidential campaign of 1864, the termination of the war being plainly foreseen, and several Southern States being partially reconstructed, it was felt that the Vice-Presidency should be given to a South- ern man of conspicuous loyalty, and Gov- ernor Johnson was elected on the same platform and ticket as President Lincoln; and on the assassination of the latter suc- ceeded to the Presidency, April 15, 1865. In a public speech two days later he said: "The American people must be taught, if they do not already feel, that treason is a crime and must be punished; that the Gov- ernment will not always bear with its ene- mies; that it is strong, not only to protect, but to punish. In our peaceful history treason has been almost unknown. The people must understand that it is the black- est of crimes, and will be punished." He then added the ominous sentence: " In re- gard to my future course, I make no prom- ises, no pledges." President Johnson re- tained the cabinet of Lincoln, and exhibited considerable severity toward traitors in his earlier acts and speeOhes, but he soon inaug- urated a policy of reconstruction, proclaim- ing a general amnesty to the late Confeder- ates, and successively establishing provis- ional Governments in the Southern States. These States accordingly claimed represen- tation in Congress in the following Decem- ber, and the momentous question of what should be the policy of the victorious Union toward its late armed opponents was forced upon that body. Two considerations impelled the Repub- lican majority to reject the policy of Presi, dent Johnson: First, an apprehension that the chief magistrate intended to undo the re- sults of the war in regard to slavery; and, sec- ond, the sullen attitude of the South, which seemed to be plotting to regain the policy which arms had lost. The credentials of the Southern members elect were laid on the table, a civil rights bill and a bill extending the sphere of the Freedmen's Bureau were passed over the executive veto, and the two highest branches of the Government were soon in open antagonism. The action of Congress was characterized by the Presi- dent as a " new rebellion." In July the cabinet was reconstructed, Messrs. Randall, Stanbury and Browning taking the places of Messrs. Denison, Speed and Harlan, and an unsuccessful attempt was made by means of a general convention in Philadel- phia to form a new party on the basis of the administration policy. In an excursion to Chicago for the pur- pose of laying a corner-stone of the monu- ment to Stephen A. Douglas, President Johnson, accompanied by several members of the cabinet, passed through Philadelphia, New York and Albany, in each of which cities, and in other places along the route, he made speeches justifying and explaining his own polic}^ and violently denouncing the action of Congress. August 12, 1867, President Johnson re- moved the Secretary of War, replacing him by General Grant. Secretary Stanton retired under protest, based upon the ten- ure-of-office act which had been passed the preceding March. The President then is- sued a proclamation declaring the insurrec- ANDREW JOHNSON. 9i tion at an end, and that " peace, order, tran- quility and civil authority existed in and throughout the United States." Another proclamation enjoined obedience to the Constitution and the laws, and an amnesty was published September 7, relieving nearly all the participants in the late Rebellion from the disabilities thereby incurred, on condition of taking the oath to support the Constitution and the laws. In December Congress refused to confirm the removal of Secretary Stanton, who thereupon resumed the exercise of his of- fice; but February 21, 1868, President Johnson again attempted to remove him, appointing General Lorenzo Thomas in his place. Stanton refused to vacate his post, and was sustained by the Senate. February 24 the House of Representa- tives voted to impeach the President for " high crime and misdemeanors," and March 5 presented eleven articles of impeachment on the ground of his resistance to the exe- cution of the acts of Congress, alleging, in addition to the offense lately committed, his public expressions of contempt for Con- gress, in " certain intemperate, inflamma- tory and scandalous harangues" pronounced in August and September, 1866, and there- after declaring that the Thirty-ninth Con- gress of the United States was not a competent legislative body, and denying its power to propose Constitutional amend- ments. March 23 the impeachment trial began, the President appearing by counsel, and resulted in acquittal, the vote lacking one of the two-thirds vote required for conviction. The remainder of President Johnson's term of office was passed without any such conflicts as might have been anticipated. He failed to obtain a nomination for re- election by the Democratic party, though receiving sixty-five votes on the first ballot. July 4 and December 25 new proclamations of pardon to the participants in the late Rebellion were issueC, but were of little effect. On the accession of General Grant to the Presidency, March 4, 1869, Johnson returned to Greenville, Tennessee. Unsuc- cessful in 1870 and 1872 as a candidate re- spectively for United States Senator and Representative, he was finally elected to the Senate in 1875, and took his seat in the extra session of March, in which his speeches were comparatively temperate. He died July 31, 1875, and was buried at Green- ville. President Johnson's administration was a peculiarly unfortunate one. That he should so soon become involved in bitter feud with the Republican majority in Congress was certainly a surprising and deplorable inci- dent; yet, in reviewing the circumstances after a lapse of so many years, it is easy to find ample room for a charitable judgment of both the parties in the heated contro- versy, since it cannot be doubted that any President, even Lincoln himself, had he lived, must have sacrificed a large portion of his popularity in carrying out any pos- sible scheme of reconstruction. y5 PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. mm^Mmmimmmm ■^T;«^'-^>i^'-j»fs^'-T?^^^^^^«-<> LYSSES SIMPSON GRANT, the eight- eenth President of the United States, lidg-yy, was born April 27, 1822, at Point Pleasant, ^ Clermont County, Ohio. His father was of Scotch descent, and a dealer in leather. At the age of seventeen he en- tered the Military Academy at West Point, and four years later graduated twenty-first in a class of thirty-nine, receiving the commission of Brevet Second Lieutenant. He was assigned to the Fourth Infantry and re- mained in the army eleven years. He was engaged in every battle of the Mexican war except that of Buena Vista, and received two brevets for gallantry. In 1848 Mr. Grant married Julia,daughter of Frederick Dent, a prominent merchant of St. Louis, and in 1854, having reached the grade of Captain, he resigned his commis- sion in the army. For several years he fol- lowed farming near St. Louis, but unsuc- cessfully ; and in i860 he entered the leather trade with his father at Galena, Illinois. When the civil war broke out in 1861, Grant was thirty-nine years of age, but en- tirely unknown to public men and without any personal acquaintance with great affairs. President Lincoln's first call for troops was made on the 15th of April, and on the 19th Grant was drilling a company of volunteers at Galena. He also offered his services to the Adjutant-General of the army, but re- ceived no reply. The Governor of Illinois, however, employed him in the organization of volunteer troops, and at the end of five weeks he was appointed Colonel of the Twenty-first Infantry. He took command of his regiment in June, and reported first to General Pope in Missouri. His superior knowledge of military life rather surprised his superior officers, who had never before even heard of him, and they were thus led to place him on the road to rapid advance- ment. August 7 he was commissioned a Brigadier-General of volunteers, the ap- pointment having been made without his knowledge. He had been unanimously recommended by the Congressmen from lUinois, not one of whom had been his personal acquaintance. For a few weeks he was occupied in watching the move- ments of partisan forces in Missouri. September i he was placed in command of the District of Southeast Missouri, with headquarters at Cairo, and on the 6th, with- out orders, he seized Paducah, at the mouth of the Tennessee River, and commanding the navigation both of that stream and oi ^■' ri^-^ (Z^ ULI'SSES S. GRANT. 99 the Ohio. This stroke secured Kentucky to the Union ; for the State Legislature, which had until then affected to be neutral, at once declared in favor of the Govern- ment. In November following, according to orders, he made a demonstration about eighteen miles below Cairo, preventing the crossing of hostile troops into Missouri ; but in order to accomplish this purpose he had to do some fighting, and that, too, with only 3,000 raw recruits, against 7,000 Con- federates. Grant carried off two pieces of artillery and 200 prisoners. After repeated applications to General Halleck, his immediate superior, he was allowed, in February, 1862, to move up the Tennessee River against Fort Henry, in conjunction with a naval force. The gun- boats silenced the fort, and Grant immedi- ately made preparations to attack Fort Donelson, about twelve miles distant, on the Cumberland River. Without waiting for orders he moved his troops there, and with 15,000 men began the siege. The fort, garrisoned with 21,000 men, was a strong one, but after hard fighting on three successive days Grant forced an " Uncon- ditional Surrender" (an alliteration upon the initials of his name). The prize he capt- ured consisted of sixty -five cannon, 17,600 small arms and 14,623 soldiers. About 4,- 000 of the garrison had escaped in the night, and 2,500 were killed or wounded. Grant's entire loss was less than 2,000. This was the first important success won by the national troops during the war, and its strategic re- sults were marked, as the entire States of Kentucky and Tennessee at once fell into the National hands. Our hero was made a Major-General of Volunteers and placed in command of the District of West Ten- nessee. In March, 1862, he was ordered to move up the Tennessee River toward Corinth, where the Confederates were concentrat- ing a large army ; but he was directed not to attack. His forces, now numbering 38.- 000, were accordingly encamped near Shi- loh, or Pittsburg Landing, to await the arrival of General Buell with 40,000 more; but April 6 the Confederates came out from Corinth 50,000 strong and attacked Grant violently, hoping to overwhelm him before Buell could arrive ; 5,000 of his troops were beyond supporting distance, so that he was largely outnumbered and forced back to the river, where, however, he held out until dark, when the head of Buell's column came upon the field. The next day the Confederates were driven back to Corinth, nineteen miles. The loss was heavy on both sides ; Grant, being senior in rank to Buell, commanded on both days. Two days afterward Halleck arrived at the front and assumed command of the army. Grant remaining at the head of the right wing and the reserve. On May 30 Corinth was evacuated by the Confederates. In July Halleck was made General-in-Chief, and Grant succeeded him in command of the Department of the Tennessee. September 19 the battle of luka was fought, where, owing to Rosecrans's fault, only an incom- plete victory was obtained. Next, Grant, with 30,000 men, moved down into Mississippi and threatened Vicks- burg, while Sherman, with 40,000 men, was sent by way of the river to attack that place in front ; but, owing to Colonel Murphy's surrendering Holly Springs to the Con- federates, Grant was so weakened that he had to retire to Corinth, and then Sherman failed to sustain his intended attack. In January, 1863, General Grant took command in person of all the troops in the Mississippi Valley, and spent several months in fruitless attempts to compel the surrender or evacuation of Vicksburg; but July 4, following, the place surrendered, with 31,- 600 men and 172 cannon, and the Mississippi River thus fell permanently into the hands of the Government. Grant was made a PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. Major-General in the regular army, and in October following he was placed in com- mand of the Division of the Mississippi. The same month he went to Chattanooga and saved the Army of the Cumberland from starvation, and drove Bragg from that part of the country. This victory over- threw the last important hostile force west of the AUeghanies and opened the way for the National armies into Georgia and Sher- man's march to the sea. The remarkable series of successes which Grant had now achieved pointed him out as the appropriate leader of the National armies, and accordingly, in February, 1864, the rank of Lieutenant-General was created for him by Congress, and on March 17 he assumed command of the armies of the United States. Planning the grand final campaign, he sent Sherman into Georgia, Sigel into the valley of Virginia, and Butler to capture Richmond, while he fought his own way from the Rapidan to the James. The costly but victorious battles of the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, North Anna and Cold Harbor were fought, more for the purpose of annihilating Lee than to capture any particular point. In June, 1864, the siege of Richmond was begun. Sherman, meanwhile, was marching and fighting daily in Georgia and steadily advancing toward Atlanta ; but Sigel had been defeated in the valley of "Virginia, and was superseded by Hunter. Lee sent Early to threaten the Na- tional capital ; whereupon Grant gathered up a force which he placed under Sheridan, and that commander rapidly drove Early, in a succession of battles, through the valley of Virginia and destroyed his army as an organized force. The siege of Richmond went on, and Grant made numerous attacks, but was only partially successful. The people of the North grew impatient, and even the Government advised him to abandon the attempt to take Richmond or crush the Confederacy in that way ; but he never wavered. He resolved to " fight it out on that line, if it took all summer." By September Sherman had made his way to Atlanta, and Grant then sent him on his famous " march to the sea," a route which the chief had designed six months before. He made Sherman's success possi- ble, not only by holding Lee in front of Richmond, but also by sending reinforce- ments to Thomas, who then drew off and defeated the only army which could have confronted Sherman. Thus the latter was left unopposed, and, with Thomas and Sheri- dan, was used in the furtherance of Grant's plans. Each executed his part in the great design and contributed his share to the re- suit at which Grant was aiming. Sherman finally reached Savannah, Schofield beat the enemy at Franklin, Thomas at Nash- ville, and Sheridan wherever he met him ; and all this while General Grant was hold- ing Lee, with the principal Confederate army, near Richmond, as it were chained and helpless. Then Schofield was brought from the West, and Fort Fisher and Wil- mington were captured on the sea-coast, so as to afford him a foothold ; from here he was sent into the interior of North Caro- lina, and Sherman was ordered to move northward to join him. When all this was effected, and Sheridan could find no one else to fight in the Shenandoah Valle}^ Grant brought the cavalry leader to the front of Richmond, and, making a last effort, drove Lee from his entrenchments and captured Richmond. At the beginning of the final campaign Lee had collected 73,000 fighting men in the lines at Richmond, besides the local militia and the gunboat crews, amounting to 5,000 more. Including Sheridan's force Grant had 110,000 men in the works before Petersburg and Richmond. Petersburg fell on the 2d of April, and Richmond on the 3d, and Lee fled in the direction of Lynch- burg, Grant pursued with remorseless ULYSSES S. GRANT. energy, only stopping to strike fresh blows, and Lee at last found himself not only out- fought but also out-marched and out-gen- eraled. Being completely surrounded, he surrendered on the 9th of April, 1865, at Appomattox Court-House, in the open field, with 27,000 men, all that remained of his army. This act virtually ended the war. Thus, in ten days Grant had captured Petersburg and Richmond, fought, by his subordinates, the battles of Five Forks and Sailor's Creek, besides numerous smaller ones, captured 20,000 men in actual battle, and received the surrender of 27,000 more at Appomattox, absolutely annihilating an army of 70,000 soldiers. General Grant returned at once to Wash- ington to superintend the disbandment of the armies, but this pleasurable work was scarcely begun when President Lincoln was assassinated. It had doubtless been in- tended to inflict the same fate upon Grant ; but he, fortunately, oh account of leaving Washington early in the evening, declined an invitation to accompany the President to the theater where the murder was com- mitted. This event made Andrew Johnson President, but left Grant by far the most conspicuous figure in the public life of the country. He became the object of an en- thusiasm greater than had ever been known in America. Every possible honor was heaped upon him; the grade of General was created for him by Congress; houses were presented to him by citizens ; towns were illuminated on his entrance into them ; and, to cap the climax, when he made his tour around the world, " all nations did him honor" as they had never before honored a foreigner. The General, as Commander-in-Chief, was placed in an embarrassing position by the opposition of President Johnson to the measures of Congress ; but he directly man- ifested his characteristic loyalty by obeying Congress rather than -the disaffected Presi- dent, although for a short time he had served in his cabinet as Secretary of War. Of course, everybody thought of General Grant as the next President of the United States, and he was accordingly elected as such in 1868 " by a large majority," and four years later re-elected by a much larger majority — the most overwhelming eyer given by the people of this country. His first administration was distinguished by a ces- sation of the strifes which sprang from the war, by a large reduction of the National debt, and by a settlement of the difficulties with England which had grown out of the depredations committed by privateers fit- ted out in England during the war. This last settlement was made by the famous " Geneva arbitration," which saved to this Government $1 5,000,000, but, more than all, prevented a war with England. "Let us have peace," was Grant's motto. And this is the most appropriate place to remark that above all Presidents whom this Gov- ernment has ever had. General Grant was the most non-partisan. He regarded the Executive office as purely and exclusively executive of the laws of Congress, irrespect- ive of " politics." But every great man has jealous, bitter enemies, a fact Grant was well aware of. After the close of his Presidency, our General made his famous tour around the world, already referred to, and soon after- ward, in company with Ferdinand Ward, of New York City, he engaged in banking and stock brokerage, which business was made disastrous to Grant, as well as to him- self, by his rascality. By this time an in- curable cancer of the tongue developed itself in the person of the afflicted ex- President, which ended his unrequited life July 23, 1885. Thus passed away from earth's turmoils the man, the General, who was as truly the " father of this regenerated country" as was Washington the father of the infant nation. PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. UTHERFORD BIRCH- ARD HAYES, the nine- teenth President of the United States, 1877-81, was born in Delaware, Ohio, Oc- tober 4, 1822. His ancestry can be traced as far back as 1280, when Hayes and Rutherford were two Scottish chieftains fighting side by side with BaHol, William Wallace and Robert' Bruce. Both fami- lies belonged to the nobility, owned extensive estates and had a large following. The Hayes family had, for a coatof-arms, a shield, barred and surmounted by a flying eagle. There was a circle of stars about the eagle and above the shield, while on a scroll underneath the shield was inscribed the motto, "Recte." Misfortune overtaking the family, George Hayes left Scotland in 1680, and settled in Windsor, Connecticut. He was an industrious worker in wood and iron, having a mechanical genius and a cul- tivated mind. His son George was born in Windsor and remained there during his life. Daniel Hayes, son of the latter, married Sarah Lee, and lived in Simsbury, Con- necticut. Ezekiel, son of Daniel, was born in 1724, and was a manufacturer of scythes at Bradford, Connecticut. Rutherford Hayes, son of Ezekiel and grandfather of President Hayes, was born in New Haven, in August, 1756. He was a famous black- smith and tavern-keeper. He immigrated to Vermont at an unknown date, settling in Brattleboro where he established a hotel. Here his son Rutherford, father of Presi- dent Hayes, was born. In September, 18 13, he married Sophia Birchard, of Wilming- ton, Vermont, whose ancestry on the male side is traced back to 1635, to John Birch- ard, one of the principal founders of Nor- wich. Both of her grandfathers were soldiers in the Revolutionary war. The father of President Hayes was of a mechanical turn, and could mend a plow, knit a stocking, or do almost anything that he might undertake. He was prosperous in business, a member of the church and active in all the benevolent enterprises of the to wn. After the close of the war of 1 8 1 2 he immigrated to Ohio, and purchased a farm near the present town of Delaware. His family then consisted of his wife and two children, and an orphan girl whom he had adopted. It was in 181 7 that the family arrived at Delaware. Instead of settling upon his RUTHERFORD B. HAYES. 105 farm, Mr. Hayes concluded to enter into business in the village. He purchased an interest in a distillery, a business then as re- spectable as it was profitable. His capital and recognized ability assured him the highest social position in the community. He died July 22, 1822, less than three months before the birth of the son that was destined to fill the office of President of the United States. Mrs. Hayes at this period was very weak, and the subject of this sketch was so feeble at birth that he was not expected to live beyond a month or two at most. As the months went by he grew weaker and weaker so that the neighbors were in the habit of inquiring from time to time "if Mrs. Hayes's baby died last night." On one oc- casion a neighbor, who was on friendly terms with the family, after alluding to the boy's big head and the mother's assiduous care of him, said to her, in a bantering way, "That's right! Stick to him. You have got him along so far, and I shouldn't won- der if he would really come to something yet." " You need not laugh," said Mrs. Hayes, " you wait and see. You can't tell but I shall make him President of the United States yet." The boy lived, in spite of the universal predictions of his speedy death; and when, in 1825, his elder brother was drowned, he became, if possible, still dearer to his mother. He was seven years old before he was placed in school. His education, however, was not neglected. His sports were almost wholly within doors, his playmates being his sister and her associates. These circum- stances tended, no doubt, to foster that gentleness of disposition and that delicate consideration for the feelings of others which are marked traits of his character. At school he was ardently devoted to his studies, obedient to the teacher, and care- ful to avoid the quarrels in which many of his schoolmates were involved. He was always waiting at the school-house door when it opened in the morning, and never late in returning to his seat at recess. His sister Fannie was his constant companion, and their affection for each other excited the admiration of their friends. In 1838 young Hayes entered Kenyon College and graduated in 1842. He then began the study of law in the office of Thomas Sparrow at Columbus. His health was now well established, his figure robust, his mind vigorous and alert. In a short time he determined to enter the law school at Cambridge, Massachusetts, where for two years he pursued his studies with great diligence. In 1845 he was admitted to the bar at Marietta, Ohio, and shortly afterward went into practice as an attorney-at-law with Ralph P. Buckland, of Fremont. Here he remained three years, acquiring but Umited practice, and apparently unambitious ol distinction in his profession. His bachelor uncle, Sardis Birchard, who had always manifested great interest in his nephew and rendered him assistance in boyhood, was now a wealth)' banker, and it was under- stood that the young man would be his heir. It is possible that this expectation may have made Mr. Hayes more indifferent to the attainment of wealth than he would otherwise have been, but he was led into no extravagance or vices on this account. In 1849 he removed to Cincinnati where his ambition found new stimulus. Two events occurring at this period had a pow- erful influence upon his subsequent life. One of them was his marriage to Miss Lucy Ware Webb, daughter of Dr. James Webb, of Cincinnati; the other was his introduction to the Cincinnati Literary Club, a body embracing such men as Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase, General John Pope and Governor Edward F. Noyes. The marriage was a fortunate one as everj'- body knows. Not one of all the wives ol io6 PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. our Presidents was more universally ad- mired, reverenced and beloved than is Mrs. Hayes, and no one has done more than she to reflect honor upon American woman- hood. In 1856 Mr. Hayes was nominated to the office of Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, but declined to accept the nomina- tion. Two years later he was chosen to the office of City Solicitor. In 1861, when the Rebellion broke out, he was eager to take up arms in the defense of his country. His military life was bright and illustrious. June 7, 1861, he was appointed Major of the Twenty-third Ohio Infantry. In July the regiment was sent to Virginia. October 15, 1861, he was made Lieutenant-Colonel of his regiment, and in August, 1862, was promoted Colonel of the Seventy-ninth Ohio Regiment, but refused to leave his old comrades. He was wounded at the battle of South Mountain, and suffered severely, being unable to enter upon active duty for several weeks. No- vember 30, 1862, he rejoined his regiment as its Colonel, having been promoted Octo- ber 15. December 25, 1862, he was placed in com- mand of the Kanawha division, and for meritorious service in several battles was promoted Brigadier-General. He was also brevetted Major-General for distinguished services in 1864. He was wounded lour times, and five horses were shot from under him. Mr. Hayes was first a Whig in politics, and was among the first to unite with the Free-Soil and Republican parties. In 1864 he was elected to Congress from che Sec- ond Ohio District, which had always been Democratic, receiving a majority of 3,098. In 1866 he was renominated for Congress and was a second time elected. In 1867 he was elected Governor over Allen G. Thur- man, the Democratic candidate, and re- elected in 1869. In 1874 Sardis Birchard died, leaving his large estate to General Hayes. In 1876 he was nominated for the Presi- dency. His letter of acceptance excited the admiration of the whole country. He resigned the office of Governor and retired to his home in Fremont to await the result of the canvass. After a hard, long contest he was inaugurated March 5, 1877. His Presidency was characterized by compro- mises with all parties, in order to please as many as possible. The close of his Presi- dential term in 1881 was the close of his public life, and since then he has remained at his home in Fremont, Ohio, in Jefterso- nian retirement from pubUc notice, in strik- ing contrast with most others of the world's notables. .r-i'it%: yAMES A. GARFIELD. 109 it^'^t^t^'^t^'^^S !)€»^>^r^<^t^t^t^i v^, I ^^l4Mii 4. 141111%!.^^ i i^«^(^(^(a?(^(^3*(i^ i<£>;^>^t^<^<^<^«^i I's^l AMES A. GARFIELD, twentieth President of the United States, 1881, was born November 19, 1 83 1, in the wild woods o f Cuyahoga County, Ohio. His parents were Abram and Eliza (Ballou) Garfield, who were of New England ancestry. The senior Garfield was an in- dustrious farmer, as the rapid improvements which appeared on his place at- tested. The residence was the familiar pioneer log cabin, and the household comprised the parents and their children — Mehetable, Thomas, Mary and James A. In May, 1833, the father died, and the care of, the house- hold consequently devolved upon young Thomas, to whom James was greatly in- debted for the educational and other ad- vantages he enjoyed. He now lives in Michigan, and the two sisters Uve in Solon, Ohio, near their birthplace. As the subject of our sketch grew up, he, too, was industrious, both in mental aad physical labor. He worked upon the farm, or at carpentering, or chopped wood, or at any other odd job that would aid in support of the family, and in the meantime made the most of his books. Ever afterward he was never ashamed of his humble origin, nor for- got the friends of his youth. The poorest laborer was sure of his sympathy, and he always exhibited the character of a modest gentleman. Until he was about sixteen years of age, James's highest ambition was to be a lake captain. To this his mother was strongly opposed, but she finally consented to his going to Cleveland to carry out his long- cherished design, with the understanding, however, that he should try to obtain some other kind of employment. He walked all the way to Cleveland, and this was his first visit to the city. After making many ap- plications for work, including labor on board a lake vessel, but all in vain, he finally engaged as a driver for his cousin, Amos Letcher, on the Ohio & Pennsyl- vania Canal. In a short time, however, he quit this and returned home. He then at- tended the seminary at Chester for about three years, and next he entered Hiram In- stitute, a school started in 1850 by the Disciples of Christ, of which church he was a member. In order to pa}' his way he assumed the duties of janitor, and at times taught school. He soon completed the cur- riculum there, and then entered Williams College, at which he graduated in 1856, taking one of the highest honors of his class. PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. Afterward he returned to Hiram as Presi- dent. In his youthful and therefore zealous piety, he exercised his talents occasionally as a preacher of the Gospel. He was a man of strong moral and religious convic- tions, and as soon as he began to look into politics, he saw innumerable points that could be improved. He also studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1859. November 11, 1858, Mr. Garfield married Miss Lucretia Rudolph, who ever after- ward proved a worthy consort in all the stages of her husband's career. They had seven children, five of whom are still living. It was in 1859 that Garfield made his first political speeches, in Hiram and the neighboring villages, and three years later he began to speak at county mass-meetings, being received everywhere with popular favor. He was elected to the State Senate this )'ear, taking his seat in January, i860. On the breaking out of the war of the Rebellion in 1861, Mr. Garfield resolved to fight as he had talked, and accordingly he enlisted to defend the old flag, receiving his commission as Lieutenant-Colonel of the Forty-second Regiment of the Ohio Volun- teer Infantry, August 14, that year. He was immediately thrown into active service, and before he had ever seen a gun fired in action he was placed in command of four regiments of infantry and eight companies of cavalry, charged with the work of driv- ing the Confederates, headed by Humphrey Marshall, from his native State, Kentuck}'. This task was speedily accomplished, al- though against great odds. On account of his success. President Lincoln commissioned him Brigadier-General, January 11, 1862; and, as he had been the youngest man in the Ohio Senate two years before, so now he was the youngest General in the army. He was with General Buell's army at Shi- loh, also in its operations around Corinth and its march through Alabama. Next, he was detailed as a member of the general court-martial for the trial of General Fitz- John Porter, and then ordered to report to General Rosecrans, when he was assigned to the position of Chief of Staff. His mili- tary history closed with his brilliant ser- vices at Chickamauga, where he won the stars of Major-General. In the fall of 1862, without any effort on his part, he was elected as a Representative to Congress, from that section of Ohio which had been represented for sixty years mainly by two men — Elisha Whittlesey and Joshua R. Giddings. Again, he was the youngest member of that body, and con- tinued there by successive re-elections, as Representative or Senator, until he was elected President in 1880. During his life in Congress he compiled and published by his speeches, there and elsewhere, more information on the issues of the day, espe- cially on one side, than any other member. June 8, 1880, at the National Republican Convention held in Chicago, General Gar- field was nominated for the Presidency, in preference to the old war-horses, Blaine and Grant ; and although many of the Re- publican party felt sore over the failure of their respective heroes to obtain the nomi- nation. General Garfield was elected by a fair popular majority. He was duly in- augurated, but on July 2 following, before he had fairly got started in his administra- tion, he was fatally shot by a half-demented assassin. After very painful and protracted suffering, he died September 19, 1881, la- mented by all the American people. Never before in the history of this country had anything occurred which so nearly froze the blood of the Nation, for the moment, as the awful act of Guiteau, the murderer. He was duly tried, convicted and put to death on the gallows. The lamented Garfield was succeeded by the Vice-President, General Arthur, who seemed to endeavor to carry out the policy inaugurated by his predecessor. CHESTER A. ARTHUR. "3 ^HESTER ALLEN ARTHUR, the twen- ty-first Chief Execu- tive of this growing republic, i88i-'5, was born in Franklin County, Vermont, October 5, 1830, the eldest of a family of two sons and five daughters. His father, Rev. Dr. William Arthur, a Baptist clergyman, immigrated to this country from County Antrim, Ireland, in his eighteenth year, and died in 1875, in Newton- ville, near Albany, New York, after serving many years as a successful minister. Chester A. was educated at that old, conservative institution. Union Col- lege, at Schenectady, New York, where he excelled in all his studies. He graduated there, with honor, and then struck out in life for himself by teaching school for about two years in his native State. At the expiration of that time young Arthur, with $500 in his purse, went to the city of New York and entered the law office of ex-Judge E. D. Culver as a student. In due time he was admitted to the bar, when he formed a partnership with his intimate friend and old room-mate, Henry D. Gar- diner, with the intention of practicing law at some point in the West; but after spend- ing about three months in the Westeru States, in search of an eligible place, they returned to New York City, leased a room, exhibited a sign of their business and al- most immediately enjoyed a paying patron- age. At this stage of his career Mr. Arthur's business prospects were so encouraging that he concluded to take a wife, and ac- cordingly he married the daughter of Lieu- tenant Herndon, of the United States Navy, who had been lost at sea. To the widow of the latter Congress voted a gold medal, in recognition of the Lieutenant's bravery during the occasion in which he lost his life. Mrs. Artnur died shortly before her husband's nomination to the Vice-Presi- dency, leaving two children. Mr. Arthur obtained considerable celeb- rity as an attorney in the famous Lemmon suit, which was brought to recover posses- sion of eight slaves, who had been declared free by the Superior Court of New York City. The noted Charles O'Conor, who was nominated by the "Straight Demo- crats" in 1872 for the United States Presi- dency, was retained by Jonathan G. Lem- XH PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. mon, of Virginia, to recover the negroes, but he lost the suit. In this case, however, Mr. Arthur was assisted by WiUiam M. Evarts, now United States Senator. Soon afterward, in 1856, a respectable colored woman was ejected from a street car in New York City. Mr. Arthur sued the car company in her behalf and recovered $500 damages. Immediately afterward all the car companies in the city issued orders to their employes to admit colored persons upon their cars. Mr. Arthur's political doctrines, as well as his practice as a lawyer, raised him to prominence in the party of freedom ; and accordingly he was sent as a delegate to the first National Republican Convention. Soon afterward he was appointed Judge Advocate for the Second Brigade of the State of New York, and then Engineer-in- Chief on Governor Morgan's staff. In 1861, the first year of the war, he was made In- spector-General, and next, Quartermaster- General, in both which offices he rendered great service to the Government. After the close of Governor Morgan's term he resumed the practice of law, forming first a partnership with Mr. Ransom, and subse- quently adding Mr. Phelps to the firm. Each of these gentlemen were able lawyers. November 21, 1872, General Arthur was appointed Collector of the Port of New York by President Grant, and he held the office until July 20, 1878. The next event of prominence in General Arthur's career was his nomination to the V ice-Presidency of the United States, under the influence of Roscoe Conkling, at the National Republican Convention held at Chicago in June, 1880, when James A. Gar- field was placed at the head of the ticket. Both the convention and the campaign that followed were noisy and exciting. The iriends of Grant, constituting nearly half the convention, were exceedingly persist- ent, and were sorely disappointed over their defeat. At the head of the Demo- cratic ticket was placed a very strong and popular man ; yet Garfield and Arthur were elected by a respectable plurality of the popular vote. The 4th of March following, these gentlemen were accordingly inaugu- rated ; but within four months the assassin's bullet made a fatal wound in the person of General Garfield, whose life terminated September 19, 1881, when General Arthur, ex officio, was obliged to take the chief reins of government. Some misgivings were entertained by many in this event, as Mr. Arthur was thought to represent espe cially the Grant and Conkling wing of the Republican party ; but President Arthur had both the ability and the good sense to allay all fears, and he gave the restless, critical American people as good an ad- ministration as they had ever been blessed with. Neither selfishness nor low parti- sanism ever characterized any feature of his public service. He ever maintained a high sense of every individual right as well *as of the Nation's honor. Indeed, he stood so high that his successor. President Cleve- land, though of opposing politics, expressed a wish in his inaugural address that he could only satisfy the people with as good an administration. But the day of civil service reform had come in so far, and the corresponding re- action against " third-termism" had en- croached so far even upon "second-term" service, that the Republican party saw fit in 1884 to nominate another man for Presi- dent. Only by this means was General Arthur's tenure of office closed at Wash- ington. On his retirement from the Presi- dency, March, 1885, he engaged in the practice of law at New York City, where he died November 18, 1886. ^r... c. .-%-*--v'-C^ GROVE It CLEVELAND. 117 f^^^^^ ^^^ ^ ROVER CLEVE- LAND, the twenty- second President of the United States, 1885—, was born in Caldwell, Essex County, New Jersey, March 18, 1837. The house in which he was born, a small two-story wooden building, is still stand- ing. It was the parsonage of the Presbyterian church, of which his lather, Richard Cleveland, at the time was pastor. The family is of New England origin, and for two centuries has contributed to the. professions and to busi- ness, men who have reflected honor on the name. Aaron Cleveland, Grover Cleve- land's great-great-grandfather, was born in Massachusetts, but subsequently moved to Philadelphia, where he became an intimate friend of Benjamin Frankhn, at whose house he died. He left a large family of children, who in time married and settled in different parts of New England. A grandson was one of the small American force that fought the British at Bunker Hill. He served with gallantry through- out the Revolution and was honorably discharged at its close as a Lieutenant in the Continental army. Another grandson, William Cleveland (a son of a second Aaron Cleveland, who was distinguished as a writer and member of the Connecticut Legislature) was Grover Cleveland's grand- father. William Cleveland became a silver- smith in Norwich, Connecticut. He ac- quired by industry some property and sent his son, Richard Cleveland, the father of Grover Cleveland, to Yale College, where he graduated in 1 824. During a year spent in teaching at Baltimore, Maryland, after graduation, he met and fell in love with a Miss Annie Neale, daughter of a wealthy Baltimore book publisher, of Irish birth. He was earning his own .way in the world at the time and was unable to marry; but in three years he completed a course of preparation for the ministrj^, secured a church in Windham, Connecticut, and married Annie Neale. Subsequently he moved to Portsmouth, Virginia, where he preached for nearly two years, when Ke was summoned to Caldwell, New Jersey, where was born Grover Cleveland. When he was three years old the family moved to Fayetteville, Onondaga County, New York. Here Grover Cleveland Hved until he was fourteen years old, the rugged, healthful life of a country boy. His frank, generous manner made him a favorite among his companions, and their respect was won by the good qualities in the germ which his manhood developed. He at- tended the district school of the village and ii8 PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. was for a short time at the academy. His lather, however, believed that boys should be taught to labor at an early age, and be- fore he had completed the course of study at the academy he began to work in the village store at $50 for the first year, and the promise of $100 for the second year. His work was well done and the promised in- crease of pay was granted the second year. Meanwhile his father and family had moved to Clinton, the seat of Hamilton College, where his father acted as agent to the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions, preaching in the churches of the vicinity. Hither Grover came at his father's request shortly after the beginning of his second year at the Fayetteville store, and resumed his studies at the Clinton Academy. After three years spent in this town, the Rev. Richard Cleveland was called to the vil- lage church of Holland Patent. He had preached here only a month when he was suddenly stricken down and died without an hour's warning. The death of the father left the family in straitened circumstances, as Richard Cleveland had spent all his salary of $1,000 per year, which was not required for the necessary expenses of liv- ing, upon the education of his children, of whom there were nine, Grover being the fifth. Grover was hoping to enter Hamil- ton College, but the death of his father made it necessary for him to earn his own livelihood. For the first year (i853-'4) he acted as assistant teacher and bookkeeper in the Institution for the Blind in New York City, of which the late Augustus Schell was for many years the patron. In the winter of 1854 he returned to Holland Patent where the generous people of that placej Fayetteville and Chnton, had purchased a home for his mother, and in the following spring, borrowing $25, he set out for the West to earn his living. Reaching Buffalo he paid a hasty visit to an uncle, Lewis F. Allen, a well-known stock farmer, living at Black Rock, a lew miles distant. He communicated his plans to Mr. x\llen, who discouraged the idea of the West, and finally induced the enthusi- astic boy of seventeen to remain with him and help him prepare a catalogue of blooded short-horn cattle, known as " Allen's Amer- ican Herd Book," a publication familiar to all breeders of cattle. In August, 1855, he entered the law office of Rogers, Bowen & Rogers, at Buffalo, and after serving a few months without pay, was paid $4 a week — an amount barely sufficient to meet the necessarv expenses of his board in the family of a fellow-student in Buffalo, with whom he took lodgings. Life at this time with Grover Cleveland was a stern battle with the world. He took his breakfast by candle-light with the drovers, and went at once to the office where the whole day was spent in work and study. Usually he re- turned again at night to resume reading which had been interrupted by the duties of the day. Gradually his employers came to recognize the ability, trustworthiness and capacity for hard work in their young employe, and by the time he was admitted to the bar (1859) he stood high in their con- fidence. A year later he was made confi- dential and managing clerk, and in the course of three years more his salary had been raised to $1,000. In 1863 he was ap- pointed assistant district attorney of Erie County by the district attorney, the Hon. C. C. Torrance. Since his first vote had been cast in 1858 he had been a staunch Democrat, and until he was chosen Governor he always made it his duty, rain or shine, to stand at the polls and give out ballots to Democratic voters. During the first year of his term as assistant district attorney, the Democrats desired especially to carry the Board of Su- pervisors. The old Second Ward in which he lived was Republican- ordinarily by 250 majority, but at the urgent request of the GROVBR CLE VELA ND. 119 party Grover Cleveland consented to be the Democratic candidate for Supervisor, and came within thirteen votes of an elec- cion. The three years spent in the district attorney's office were devoted to assiduous labor and the extension of his professional attainments. He then formed a law part- nership with the late Isaac V. Vanderpoel, ex-State Treasurer, under the firm name of Vanderpoel & Cleveland. Here the bulk of the work devolved on Cleveland's shoul- ders, and he soon won a good standing at the bar of Erie County. In 1869 Mr. Cleveland formed a partnership with ex- Senator A. P. Laning and ex-Assistant United States District Attorney Oscar Fol- som, under the firm name of Laning, Cleve- land & Folsom. During these years he began to earn a moderate professional in- come; but the larger portion of it was sent to his mother and sisters at Holland Patent to whose support he had contributed ever •since i860. He served as sheriff of Erie County, i870-'4, and then resumed the practice of law, associating himself with the Hon. Lyman K. Bass and Wilson S. Bissell. The firm was strong and popular, and soon commanded a large and lucrative practice. Ill health forced the retirement of Mr. Bass in 1879, and the firm became Cleveland & Bissell. In 1881 Mr. George J. Sicard was added to the firm. In the autumn election of 1881 he was elected mayor of Buffalo by a majority of over 3,500 — the largest majority ever given a candidate for mayor^and the Democratic •city ticket was successful, although the Republicans carried Buffalo by over 1,000 majority for their State ticket. Grover Cleveland's administration as mayor fully justified the confidence reposed in him by the people of Buffalo, evidenced by the great vote he received. The Democratic State Convention met at Syracuse, September 22, 1882, andnomi.^ nated Grover Cleveland for Governor on the third ballot and Cleveland was elected by 192,000 majority. In the fall of 1 884 he was elected President of the United States by about 1,000 popular majority, in New York State, and he was accordingly inaugurated the 4th of March following. PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. rs^&^f^^ter^i. BENJAMIN HAI^I^ISON. '8-T=:2)V Benjamin haerison, the twenty-third Presi- dent of the United States, 1889, was born at North Bend, Hamilton Countj, Ohio, in the house of his grandfather, William Hen- ry Harrison (who was the ninth President of this country), August 20th, 1833. He is a descendant of one of the historical families of this country, as also of England. The head of the family was a Major-General Harrison who was devoted to the cause of Oliver Cromwell. It became the duty of this Har- rison to participate in the trial of Charles 1. and afterward to sign the death warrant of the king, which subsequently cost him his life. His enemies succeeding to power, he was condemned and executed October 13th, 1660. His descendants came to America, and the first mention made in history of the Harrison family as representative in public affairs, is that of Benjamin Harrison, great- grandfather of our present President, who was a member of the Continental Congress, 1774-5-6, and one of the original signers of the Declaration of Independence, and three times Governor of Virginia. His son, Will- iam Henry Harrison, made a brilliant mili- tary record, was Grovernor of the Northwest Territory, and the ninth President of the United States. The subject of this sketch at an early age became a student at Farmers College, where he remained two years, at the end of which time he entered Miami University, at Ox- ford, Ohio. Upon graduation from said seat of learning he entered, as a student, the of- fice of Stover & Gwyne, a notable law firm at Cincinnati, Ohio, where he applied himself closely to the study of his chosen profession, and here laid the foundation for the honora- ble and famous career before him. He spent two years with the firm in Cincinnati, at the expiration of which time he received the only inheritance of his life, which was a lot left him by an aunt, which he sold for $800. This sum he deemed sufficient to justify him in marrying the lady of his choice, and to whom he was then engaged, a daughter of Dr. Scott, then Principal of a female school at Oxford, Ohio. After marriage he located at Indianapolis, Indiana, where he began the practice of law. Meeting with slight encouragement he made but little the first year, but applied himself , tS^a v?2:,-'9^ ILLIAM BURACKER was born on a farm in township 17, range 9, Cass county, Illinois, September 14, 1846. His parents, Philip A., and Jane (Holzman) Buracker, were born, reared and married in Page county, Virginia, and in 1844 came to Illinois, making the journey with a team. They located on the farm on which their son William was born, and there resided six years. They then moved to a farm in range 10, of the same township, where they passed the rest of their lives. The father died May 28, 1891, at the age of sixty-eight years. The mother passed away in 1873. They reared three children, William, Alfred and George. Alfred is deceased. William Buracker was reared and educated, and has passed his life thus far, in his native county. He was brought up on the farm, and has since been engaged in agricultural pur- suits. When he attained his majority he commenced farming for himself on his father's land, and in 1870 his father gave him the farm he has since occupied, which is located in section 27, township 17, range 10. In connection with his agricultural pursuits he is also engaged in stock raising. In 1868 Mr. Buracker was united in mar- riage with Helen C. Heslep, a native of Cass county, and a daughter of Thomas and Cath- erine Heslep. Mr. and Mrs. Buracker have two children, Philip T. and Katie. Politically, Mr. Buracker has always affili- ated with the Democratic party, and is a most efficient member of the same. He was elected a member of the Board of County Commissioners in 1885, and was re-elected in 1888. In this capacity he has always worked for the good of the entire county, ever taking a bold stand in favor of the right. jraRED W. KORSMEYER, one of the IS most successful men of this locality, ^F lives on section 30, township 17, range 12. He is a German, being born in Hanover, January 15, 1838. His parents were J. H. and Mary (Lovecamp) Korsmeyer, who were born in the same place, and descended from the best German blood. When our subject was thirteen years of age they came to the 154 BIOaRAPRIOAL REVIEW OF 0A88, United States in the fall of 1851. They took the usual passage of their fellow country- men, from Bremer to New Orleans, and from there up the Mississippi and Illinois rivers to Beardstown. They located very near the present home of our subject, and here they lived and died, the father about sixty, and the mother seventy. They had always been members of the German Lutheran Church and are remembered as good, honest German settlers of that early day. Our subject and a brother, Herman, are the only living mem- bers of the family. Mr. Korsmeyer began farming on his own account about the time of his majority. His first was a purchase of 140 acres, and he in- creased it from time to time until he now owns 600 acres, the most of which is under the plow. He has made many improvements on the farm he has owned for the past thirty years. He has very fine land, lying in the bottoms of the Illinois river, and adjoining the Meredosia lake. Mr. Korsmeyer was married in Cass county, to Miss Minnie Miller, who came from her birthplace, in Hanover, Germany, when young. Her parents settled in Beardstown, where her father died some years ago, at the home of his daughter, as did also his wife. They had lived to good old age and had been valued members of the Lutheran Church. Mrs. Korsmeyer is the youngest of three chil- dren. Her two brothers are Fred, a Morgan county farmer, and Henry, who lives in Springfield. Mr. and Mrs. Korsmeyer have seven living children: Henry and Herman assist in running the farm; Emma, William C, Christian, and Theodore and Charles, the twins, live at home. The children are all natur- ally bright, and the parents intend to educate them thoroughly. The family is Lutheran in religion, and Mr. Korsmeyer is very prominent in the politics of his township, being a Dem- ocrat, and has held almost all of the local offices. He is now a candidate for County Commissioner, and so popular is he that this means a certain election. They are among the most prominent people in the township. <.. DAM SCHDMAN, one of the enterpris- ing and successful young farmers of ■ii^- section 13, range 12, owning a farm of 120 acres which he has occupied since the death of his father, John A. Schuman, in October, 1886, has been the proprietor of the farm where he was born, reared and educated. The date of his birth is February 13, 1851. Since he came into pos- session of the farm, he has greatly improved it and made it very successful, having it well stocked and employing good farm hands. Although only a young man, he is ambitious and is bound to succeed. Adam is the only son of John Adam and Katie (Loab) Schuman, both natives of Ger- many, of good ancestry. They were born, reared and educated in Germany, and while yet young came in the early forties to Amer- ica, sailing from Hesse Darmstadt, arriving after several weeks' voyage in New Orleans, coming from there to St. Louis, Missouri. Here he stopped for a short time and unfor- tunately was taken sick and was taken to the hospital. As soon as he was able to leave he came to Beardstown, with the help of an old friend, Yalentine Thron. After his arrival in Beardstown, he worked for six months for Mr. Thron to repay him for his kindness; later John A. Schuman was engaged as a butcher for a time, but later purchased land on section 13, township 17, range 12, at which place he spent the remainder of his life SCHUYLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 155 ag a farmer, dying at the age of sixty-six. He was a good and worthy citizen, straightfor- ward and upright in all his dealings with his fellow men. He was a prominent member and a good worker in the German Methodist Church, to which he was a generous support- er, being always ready to help everything that tended toward the advancement of good prin- ciples. The Sunday-school received much of his attention. He was a sound Democrat in politics. His wife died some years before in 1865, when she was forty years of age. She was a good, Cliristian woman, a faithful wife and devoted mother, a kind neighbor and a worthy member of the Emanuel Methodist Episcopal Church, near Arenzville. Adam was the only son in the family, but there were four daughters, Lizzie, wife of George HaufEman, farmer of this township; Mary, wife of Joseph Fierce, of Blnif Springs precinct; Lydia, wife of William Schute, also of Bluff Springs; and Amelia, wife of Charles Johnson, a farmer of Beardstown. Mr. Schuman was married, at Arenzville, to Miss Lizzie Thron, a native of this countyj being born, i-eared and educated here. She is the daughter of Yalentine and Margaret (Bier) Thron, natives of Hesse Darmstadt) Germany. They were young, single people when they came to the United States, settling in Illiuoig, where they were married, in the city of Beardstown, where Mr. Thron en- gaged in wagon-making, and was thus en- gaged for some years, when he purchased land in the early fifties in township 17, range 12, and there lived for some years. Later he removed to Arenzville, and there his wife died, in January, 1884. She was then quite an old woman and a worthy member of the Lutheran Church, to which she had belonged all her life. She was a good, kind wife and mother, and was highly respected by all her neighbors. Mr. Thron now makes his home with his daughter, Mrs. Schuman, and passed his eighty-second birthday in June, 1892. He has been a good, hard-working man all his life and a consistent member of the Lutheran Church. He is a Democrat in politics. Mr. and Mrs. Thron were the parents of nine children, six yet living and all are mar- ried, being successful in life. Mr. and Mrs. Schuman are active workers in the Emanuel Lutheran Church, and Mr. Schuman takes especial interest in the Sunday-school. He is a good and worthy man. Mr. Schuman and his wife are the parents of six children: John W., Mary L., Fred G., Liddy E., Elmer and Myrtle. EWTON LUCAS, a resident of Fea Ridge township, was born in what is now Cooperstown township, December 11, 1838. His father, D. R. Lucas, was one of the pioneers of Brown county, born in Butler county, Ohio, March 21, 1810. His father, John Lucas, was born September 7, 1760, in Virginia, and was a soldier in the Revolutionary war. He was taken prisoner by the Indians and by them taken to Ken- tucky and Ohio. He was pleased with the country, and after the close of the war located in Kentucky, but failed to secure a good title to his land and lost it, and then went to that part of Ohio now included in Butler county, secured a large tract of land in the Miami bottom, improved a farm, residing there until his death June 15, 1836. His wife's name was Jemima Robbins, who was born Novem- ber 19, 1768, who died on the home farm, November 22, 1831, aged sixty-three years. She was the mother of twelve children. Dan- iel Robbins Lucas was raised in his native 156 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OF GA88, county, but when a young man went to In- diana and commenced the study of medicine. In January, 1836, he came to Mt. Sterling. Illinois, and commenced to practice his pro- fession. He also engaged in teaching and in the mercantile and lumber business. About 1843 he purchased land in Lee township, and resided there the greater part of the time un- til his death, which occurred January 26, 1884. His wife's name was Sarah Ann Keith, to whom he was married in 1836; she was born in Hardin county, Kentucky, December 14, 1817, and died March 22, 1890. She was the mother of twelve children; their names are: William, Newton, Martha, Ann (now dead), Mary E., George W., Henry C. (now dead), John H., Ethan A., Helen A. (now dead), Daniel W., Benjamin F.,. James E. Three dead and nine living, seven of whom live in the county, one, B. F., lives in Colo- rado. I. E. lives in Missouri. Newton re- ceived his earlier education in the pioneer schools which were held in the log houses with furniture of the most primitive kind, where the teacher boarded around among the scholars; as suon as he was large enough to manage a yoke of oxen he worked upon the farm. He caught the Pike's Peak fever in the spring of 1860, went across the plains in an ox wagon to the Rocky Mountains, returned in July of same year. He met with an acci- dent December 25, 1860, while cutting a tree for firewood; in trying to get out of the way of some falling limbs, the tree struck and crushed his hip, making a cripple of him for life. He was appointed route agent on mail route from Clayton, Illinois, to Keokuk, Iowa, in 1864, but after some two months' service resigned; taught school during the winter of 1862-'63 at what is now Fargo, in this county ; taught at Ashland, Adams county, during the winter of 1869-'70; remained with his par- ents until he was married in 1865; then farmed and operated a saw mill until the spring of 1871, when he moved to Scotland county, Missouri, and operated a saw mill for three years; then moved to Memphis, Mis- souri, and went into the hay business with his brother for two years; moved back to Brown county, Illinois, engaged in farming and running a sawmill; operated a sawmill on Sangamon river bottom during the winter of 1880-'81; moved to Mt. Sterling in the spring of 1882, and operated a steam thresher, lived there until December, 1883; then bought the farm he now lives upon; owns 220 acres; farm is well improved and has good buildings; the house he built hi tn self. In politics he is a Republican; cast his first ballot for Abraham Lincoln for president, and Richard Yates for governor; has always been a Republican; and was a delegate to the Republican State Convention, May 4, 1892. August 29, 1865, he married Barbara Frank, who was born in Davison county, North Carolina, February 21, 1842, daughter of William and Sarah (Winkler) Frank. Mr. and Mrs. Lucas have three children: Minnie S., William D., Ruth R. Minnie is the wife of Henry L. Lee and has two children; they live in Maxwell City, New Mexico. Sf A. WARDEN, senior member of the \ firm of Warden & Son, proprietors of ■J"' the Rushville Republican, was born in Clermont county, Ohio, January 2, 1839. His father, Moses Warden, was a native of Pennsylvania, and in his youth was con- verted to the Christian religion and became a preacher of the gospel; he learned the trade of a saddler, and followed this vocation in ad- dition to his ministerial labors. When quite SGHVTLBR AND BROWN COUNTIES. 157 a youn^ man he went to Ohio, and there was married to Margaret Anderson, a native of Brown county, Ohio. Mr. Warden lived in Bethel, Clermont county, and there worked at his trade and preached in the Methodist Episcopal Church; later he purchased a farm near Bethel, and engaged in agriculture; there he passed the last days of his life. His only brother, Richard Warden, settled in the same county, and there spent the remainder of his life. The mother of our subject died in 1851. There was a family of seven chil- dren: Anderson, William, Martha L., Salathiel L., Margaret L., Sarah E., and Francis A. Francis A. was a lad of twelve years when his father died, and one year later the mother passed away; he was then cared for by his older brothers and sisters, and was reared and educated in his native county. At the age of seventeen years he began clerking in a drug store at Felicity, Ohio, and was thus employ- ed for two years; at the end of this period he became a partner in the business, which was continued until 1876. In that year he came to Shelby county, Illinois, and engaged in mercantile trade, which he conducted eight years. Kay Warden, son of Francis A., having learned the art of printing, engaged in the business at Stewardson and Cowden, Shelby county, conducting a paper at eacl| place for a year; at the end of twelve months he went to Augusta, Hancock county, and published the Augusta Eagle fpr eight years; during all this time his father was a partner in the business, and in January, 1891, they (F. A. Warden and spn, S. R. Warden,) came to Schuyler county, and established the Rush- ville Republican. This is a well edited sheet, newsy, and a loyal supporter of Republican principles. Mr. Warden was married in 1863, to Olive B. Leffingwell, a native of Williamsburg, 12 Ohio, and daughter of Sidney and Melissa Leffingwell. Five children have been born to them: S. Ray, F. Ella, Louise, Mary E., and Jessie. Dur'ng the late civil war, Mr. Warden supported the Government of the Union; he cast his first vote for Abraham Lincoln, and has since affiliated with the Republican party; he and his wife are worthy members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He belongs to Rushville Lodge, No. 9, A. F. and A. M., to the Knights of Honor Lodge, No. 990, and to Augusta Camp, M. W. A. ILLIAM D. DORSETT was born in Randolph county, North Carolina, December 28, 1828. His father was Azariah Dorsett, a native of the same State, who was a cooper by trade, but he also fol- lowed farming for q. livelihood. In 1835 he came in a six-horse wagon with his family, consisting of a wife and twelve of his four- teen children, to Illinois, camping out over night on their entirp trip to Scnuyler county, They settled in what is now Euntsville town- ship, and a little later bought a tract of land upon which a few acres had been broken and a log cabin erected. The cabin was a very rough, primitive concprn, with a roof of boards rived by hand, and a chimney of sqds. After a, little while this was replaced by a more pretentious and comfortable struc- ture. Here he resided until his death in 1840. His widow died the following morn- ing, and both were buried in the same grave. The mother was formerly Mary Beckerdite, of North Carolina, who reared to maturity fourteen children. Our subject, William D. Dorsett, was six years old when he was brought to Illinois by his parents, and he well remembers the wild 158 BIOGRAPHIOAL REVIEW OF 0A88, animals that could be seen almost daily in the woods and on the prairie. At that time it was easy to find an abundance of wild honey, as an experienced bee hunter could tell the location of a bee tree by watching the flight of the insect. Gristmills were very scarce, and often could not be reached at all. Tn this extremity the early settlers were com- pelled to grate their corn and wheat by hand, and Mr. Dorsett recollects having eaten many a meal of this homely food. At first the people of this vicinity had to go to mill fifty miles below Quincy, and were absent several days. He was quite young when his parents died, and was taken to live with an older brother. He bought forty acres of land in Birmingham township, at $10 an acre, pay- ing for it by installments. When he began housekeeping, after his marriage, he had neither table nor chairs to commence with, and instead thereof had three bee-hives, one of which was used as a table and the other two for stools. Some kind person presented them with a dry-goods box, which was made to serve as a cupboard, and a bedstead was presented to them by Mrs. Dorsett's father. This was considered a great luxury. But this little liome, though humble and rude, was made comfortable and bright by Mrs. Dorsett, who took great pride in making it cozy and comfortable. Mr. Dorsett went to work with a will, was very industrious and his wife very economical, and together they have come to prosperous circumstances and a happy home. He secured early employment as a rail-splitter, like Abraham Lincoln, and it was not his fault that he did not reach the presidency instead of Mr. Lincoln. The first money he thus earned was used to buy his first table. After a period of seven years he was the owner of sixty acres, free from in- cumbrance, which he then traded for 100 acres in Huntsville township, and at the close of his career as a farmer in Illinois he was the owner of 400 acres of rich Huntsville soil and a section of land in Texas. In 1883 he rented his farm and came to Rushville, and has since lived a retired life. On the 15th of November, 1849, he was married to Elizabeth Ann Pendleton, who was born in Hardin county, Kentucky, July 11, 1832. Her father was Edwin Pendleton, a native Virginian, and her grandfather was James Pendleton, also of that State. Her father was reared in his native State, and went to Kentucky when a young man, and was there united in marriage. He learned the shoemaker's trade, which he followed for a few years, and in 1830 came to Illinois. He came the entire distance on horseback, accompanied by his wife and eldest child. Upon his arrival here his entire possessions consisted of two horses and 50 cents in money. One of the horses died soon after crossing the Ohio river. He located in Huntsville township, entered land from the Government, upon which he built a log house and commenced to improve his farm. Mrs. Dorsett's mother was a thorough pioneer woman and knew how to make cloth from flax and cotton. Her daughter, Mrs. Dorsett, learned the art, and after her marriage made all the clothing for her family. Mr. and Mrs. Dorsett have had six children : Martha L., Hattie E., Joshua E., Ellis Benson, Har- din Wallace and Alvin De W. The parents are members of the First Methodist Episco- pal Church of Riishville. Both Mr. and Mrs. Dorsett in their youth attended the pioneer schools of this county, where they learned "readin', ritin' and rith- metic," — the three R's, as they were termed. The schoolhouse, of course, was a log build- ing, and a very rough one at that. The seats 8GRUYLEB AND BROWN COUNTIES. 159 were made of slats, and wooden pins served for legs. Holes were bored in the wall, pins inserted, and a board laid thereon served as a desk upon which the older scholars, with quill pens, learned to write. The windows consisted of a section taken out of the side of the house and the aperture covered with greased paper, which served to admit the light. ffOHN T. BRADBURY was born in Har- rison county, West Virginia, March 4, 1840. His father is James Lee Bradbury, born in Virginia in 1816. He was reared on the farm and when he was twenty-three he went to Kentucky and engaged in teach- ing for some forty years. He came to Illinois in the fall of 1847, bringing his wife and two children. They came across the country in a lumber wagon and a horse team. It took them about thirty days to make the trip. Mr. Bradbury soon secured a school in Brown county. They soon moved into Mt. Sterling, where they lived until 1858. Mrs. Bradbury died in 1857, in the prime of her life, thirty-six, leaving five children to mourn her loss, namely: John T.; Nancy, deceased ; James li., carpenter; Mar- garet Mallory; William, a fanner on the bluffs of the Illinois river. John was brought up to be industrious and was well educated. At sixteeu he began to study under Dr. Witty at Mt. Sterling. In summer he took charge of the farm, but in the winter studied under the instruction of the able Dr. Witty. In 1859 he went to the Missouri Medical College at St. Louis, and graduated in 1861. He opened his first office in Ripley, but very soon closed it and went to Hiawatha, Kansas, in the spring of 1861. Here he remained, practicing until 1863, when he returned home and enlisted in the One Hundred and Nineteenth Illinois Infantry, Company D. He was in the ser- vice three years, but most of the time as hos- pital surgeon. He was mustered out at Mobile, Alabama. In the spring of 1865 he returned to Missouri, at Parke, in Sharon county, and opened an office, where he prac- ticed for about a year, when he returned to Versailles, in Brown county. Here he opened an office and drug store. In 1872 he sold out and came to Cooperstown, where he has resided since. He has had a large practice these many years and has felt the need of rest at times. He has been Postmaster dur- ing the Harrison administration. He was married in 1861, in Mt. Sterling, to Viola Hatcher, daughter of E. and Maria N. (Brisbin) Hatcher, the former from North Carolina, the latter from Lancaster county, Pennsylvania. She was born in Madison, Indiana. The family came to Illinois in 1856. Mr. and Mrs Bradbury have had seven children, only three of whom are now living: Samuel E. married to Ellen Logsden, two children; James Mitchel married Kate Hur- lett; -George Anderson, a youth of fifteen. They have all been educated. Dr. Bradbury is an Odd Fellow and a stanch Kepublican. He and his wife are very estiniable people and are highly respected by all. ^ ^ fOHN MoCABE, well-known in business circles in Schuyler county, Illinois, was born in Coshocton county, Ohio, Sep- tember 11, 1828. His father, John McCabe, Sr., was a native of Pennsylvania, but was taken to Ohio when quite young by his par- ents; there he learned the blacksmith's trade. 160 BIOOBAPHICAL REVIEW OF 0AS8, which he followed until ISM. In that year he emigrated to Indiana and settled in Ma- rion county; here he resumed his occupation, remaining for three years. In 1847 he came to Illinois, and settled in the town of Wood- land; he afterward entered a tract of land on which he erected a log house; he followed his trade until 1862, when he enlisted in the war. He died in 1863, while in the service. His wife died in Eushville, Illinois. They reared a family of eight children. Our sub- ject resided with his parents until he had at- tained his majority, when he started out in life for himself; he had worked in a brick- yard-three or four seasons, and at the age of twenty-two years he embarked in this busi- ness on his own account. His first yard was at Littleton, where he conducted a business for two years; thence he removed to Macomb, where he continued until 1862. In June of that year he enlisted in Company A, Eighty-fourth Illinois Yolunteer Infantry, and served until the close of the war. The most important battles in which he partici- pated were Stone Eiver and Chickamauga; in the latter he was wounded, and so dis- abled from active duty in the field; when he had sufficiently recovered he was made hos- pital steward, and served the remainder of the war in that capacity. He was mustered out in August, 1865, after which he returned to Macomb. There he remained until the spring of 1866, when he came to Rushville and engaged in the manufacture of brick. In 1879 he added machinery for the manu- facture of tile, and his products find a ready sale at the yard. Mr. McCabe was married in 1851, to Mary Clark, a native of Indiana and a daughter of Henry and Margaret Clark. Four children have been born to them: James is engaged in business with his father; Arthur is a resident of Versailles, where he is engaged in the practice of medicine; How- ard C. lives in Rushville; Cora married Allen Walker, and also resides in Rushville; two children died ininfancy. The parents are con- sistent members of the Methodist Episcopal Church; the father joined in May, 1842, and the mother ten years later. For thirty years Mr. McCabe has been Steward of his church. He is a zealous advocate of temperance, and an ardent supporter of the Prohibition party. He is a member of the Tile Manufacturers' Association, and has been treasurer of this body for a number of years. He belongs to Colonel Horney Post, No. 156, Gr. A. R., and is actively interested in its welfare. He is a man of energy and entertains progressive views upon questions of public interest, sup- porting those movements which tend to aid and elevate the masses. ;^ff^^ A R K BOYD, a pioneer farmer of f/ffiWl^ Rushville township, now retired from ^^^ active labor, was born in county Armagh, Ireland, February 6, 1823, a son of William Boyd, a native of the same county. The paternal ancestors were natives of Scot- land. William Boyd was reared to the life of a farmer, and when he had arrived at man's estate he emigrated to America; this was previous to the war of 1812, and he remained three years; at the end of that period he re- turned to Ireland, was married, and resided there until 1838. In that year he sailed with his wife and three children for the port of New York, the voyage consuming three weeks. He engaged in teaming in New York city, and resided there until 1868, when he bought a farm of 120 acres, on which he lived until his death, February 10, 80HUTLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 161 1868. He married Maria JBoyd, who died in Kushville, in 1868; she was the mother of three children: Esther J., Mark and Samuel. Mark Boyd was a child of five years when he crossed the deep blue sea with his parents. He received his education in New York, the school which he attended being located on Seventeenth street, near Eightli avenue. In 1841 he began to learn the trade of a baker, and followed this calling until 1860, when he went to Orange county. New York; he was employed on a farm until 1867, when he came to Sehuyler county, Illinois. His first investment here was in a farm of eighty acres, and to this he has made additions until he now owns nearly 200 acres, in Oakland and Kushville townships. There he made his home until 1892; in February of this year he removed to Kushville, where he is living in the quiet enjoyment of the reward his years of industry and toil have won. Mr. Boyd was married in New York city, September 11, 1845, to Sarah Fourgeson, the daughter of Daniel Fourgeson. Her paternal grandfather, John Fourgeson, was a native of Scotland, and removed to county Derry after his marriage, where he purchased a farm and passed the remainder ot his life. He married Ann Kennedy, also a native of Scotland. Daniel Fourgeson, their son, spent his entire life on the farm where he was born; he married Mary Fulton, a descendant of Scotch ancestors, but a na- tive of county Derry, Ireland, Mrs. Boyd and her pister Elizabeth, wife of Duncan Taylor, were the only members of their fam- ily who came to America. Mrs. Boyd sailed from Liverpool in 1850, and after twenty- one days on the water reached the port of New York. Our subject and wife are the parents of three children: Maria J., Eliza- beth and Sarah. Maria married James Bill and is the mother of three children; Kobert W., Henry and Charles; Elizabeth is the wife of George Manlove, and has a family of three children, — J^essie, Annie and Mark; Sarah married Elijah Wilson^ and has a family of six children, Nellie, Annie, Maud, Henry, Walter and Jennie. Mr. and Mrs. Boyd were reared in the Presbyterian Church, and have always ad- hered to that faith. They are people of much force and stability of character, and have reared a family who are an honor to them and a credit to the community in which they live. fKANCiS M. CUKKY, a highly respected citizen of Mount Sterling, was born in Scott county, Kentucky, April 9, 1825, a son of John R. Curry, who was born October 19, 1803. The paternal grandfather, Alexander Curry, the honored founder of Mount Sterling, Illinois, was born October 14, 1770, in the State of Maryland, the son of Archiba,ld Curry, a native of Scotland, who emigrated to America in colonial times and settled in Maryland, where he passed the remainder of his life. Alexander Curry was a pioneer of Scott county, Kentucky; he pur- chased ^ tract of land on the Lexington pike, on which he lived until 1830, when he came to Illinois; he was accompanied by his wife atid children, and made a settlement in Brown county, which was then a part of Schuyler county. As soon as the land came into mar- ket he entered 2,000 acres, including the pre- sent site of Mount Sterling; he erected a double log house on the lot now occupied by the Christian Church, which was used at the same time as a dwelling, a justice's room and a meeting-house. He did not keep a hotel but entertained travelers free of charge. He 163 BIOORAPHIOAL REVIEW OF UASS, was the first Justice of the Peace and the first Postmaster of Mount Sterling. In 1833 he laid out the town, and June 21 of that year occurred the first sale of lots. His son, Robert, had the first store in the place, the goods being brought by teams from St. Louis. He continued a resident of the place until his death in 1842. The maiden name of his wife was Elizabeth Nutter, a native of Delaware, born August 20, 1776. They reared a fam- ily of nine children: Daniel, Robert N., John R., Olivia, Sarah, Nancy, Leah, Mary and Harriet. John R. Curry was reared and married in Kentucky, and came from the Blue Grass State with his parents. He located on land his father gave him near Mount Sterling, and engaged in farming. He died November 17, 1882. He married Belle Brockman, a na- tive of Scott county, Kentucky, born May 15, 1804; she died December 17, 1875. They reared a family of five children: Fran- cis M., James R., Elizabeth, Alexander A. and Mary B. Francis M. was a child of five years when he came to Illinois with his pa- rents. He received his education in the pio- neer schools which were taught in the primi- tive log structures, often without a floor, and furnished with puncheon seats and puncheon desks; the building was erected without nails, and light was admitted by an opening in the wall, which was made by taking out a part of the log; in cold weather this hole was covered by a piece of greased paper. At the age of fourteen years Mr. Curry began clerking, receiving |12.50 a month the first year, and boarding himself. After a few years he engaged in business on his own ac- count, which he conducted successfully a number of years. He was married September 21, 1858, to Mary Clements, a native of Bourbon county. Kentucky, born March 26, 1829. Her father, William H. Clement, was born in Kentucky, and died in that State in 1884; he married Maria Givens, a daughter of John and Ruth Givens. Mr. and Mrs. Curry are the parents of five children: Lizzie B., Ida M., Mattie G., Frank C. and Charles A.; the oldest son, William, died at the age of three and a half years. The father and mother are members of the Presbyterian Church. Politically onr subject has been identified with the Demo- cratic party, but he is a Prohibitionist both in principle and practice. He is a man of many excellent traits and has the respect and confidence of the entire community. SREDERICK E. WELL FARE, foreman of the copper shops of the Quincy Railroad at Beardstown for the past nine years, was born in Candage, Erie county. New York, June 23, 1858. He was but one year old when his parents moved to Illinois. He is the son of John Wellfare, who was born in England, of English parentage, and was yet a small child when his parents brought him to the United States and settled in New York. Here he grew up in the town of Can- dage and acquired a complete knowledge of the coppersmith's trade, also tin, sheet-iron and pipe fitting; and, having become skilled in these departments of mechanical work, he came in 1859 with his family to Illinois. Here he was connected for about two years with a prominent manufacturer of copper pipe, sheet copper and brass goods, and his skill secured him the foremanship of the shops. Finally he was offered a partnership, but refused it and went to Aurora to take charge of the copper shops of the main line or Chicago division of the Quincy Railroad. aOHUTLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 163 He was afterward connected with this large corporation for about thirty years, but owing to failing health he had to withdraw and entered into the hardware business, in 1883, in Aurora; but, not receiving the proper re- lief for his malady (catarrh of the head), he went to Kansas, and after two years, not being able to stand the heated winds, he went in 1886 to Los Angeles, California, and there opened and has since carried on a first- class restaurant. He is now about sixty years of age. He was married in Youngs- town, New York, to Harriet Myers. She was born and reared in the Empire State, and was of German parentage. She is yet living and is about three years her husband's junior. They are members of the Presbyterian Church, and Mr. Wellfare is a sound Republican in politics. Our subject is the eldest of three sons and three daughters yet living. He began when about twelve years of age with his father in the Quincy shops. Here he has remained with the exception of about three years. One year he was with his father in his hardware store at Aurora, and later was one year with the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad, with headquarters at Dubuque, Iowa, and the last year with the Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council BlufEs Railroad, with headquarters at St. Joseph, Missouri. Since then he has been in the employ of the Quincy Railroad-, for the last eleven years at Beardstown. He is a practical and thorough workman in his department. He also does the tin and sheet- iron work for the St. Louis division, and the steam-pipe fitting for it also. He was married in Aurora, to Miss Almira "Warner, of New York, born in 1862. She was brought to Cook county in 1867, and reared near the city of Chicago. She is the daughter of John P. and Julia (Havens) Warner, both now living near Aurora. Mr. Warner is a stock-breeder, and he and family live on a farm one mile southeast of Aurora. Mr. and Mrs. Wellfare are good, hard- working young people. Mr. Wellfare is a member of the Ark Lodge, JSIo. 116, I. O. 0. F., of Beardstown, He is a sound Re- publican. Mr. and Mrs. Wellfare are the parents of two bright little children, — Lydia, aged seven, and Dare, aged four. ^. '^ iHAUNCEY RICE, a well known and reliable druggist, and dealer in all kinds of goods generally carried by those in this business, was born in St. Lawrence county. New York, February 21, 1830. He was yet young when his parents moved to Ohio in 1842, and to Illinois in 1846. They were natives of New York. His father was born in Herkimer county, and came of New England 'stock, his parents being natives of Connecticut, and the family came of Welsh ancestry. Andrus Rice, father of our sub- ject, married a Miss Mary Parks, of Ver- mont. Chauncey is the eldest of the four surviv- ing children. Mr. Rice has been in the drug business, and in the building he now occu- pies ever since 1859. He was in the same business in RushvilJe, Illinois, from 1850 to 1856, and hence is one of the oldest druggists in the State. He has seen the State strug- gle through many changes in the last fifty years. Nearly all the railroads have been built since then. He has taken an active part in the building up of the city himself, and has lent a helping hand to all enter- prises, and has attended closely to business, and has made monej'. He was a director and stockholder in the old Cass County Bank, 164 BIOOBAPEIGAL BE VIEW OF CASS, and a stockholder in the first State bank since it started. He is also a member and stockholder of the Beardstown Building and Loan Association. He was first married in Hancock county, Illinois, to Miss Emily J. Denney, of Bond county, Illinois, but reared and married in Hancock county. She died in Nebraska, when in the prime of life, leaving three children: James, a commercial traveler in Iowa; Mary J., wife of Henry J. Nead; Chauncey A., now with a theatrical troupe in the West. Mr. Rice was married for the second time, to Elizabeth J. Knight, of Beardstown, but born in England. She died here April 4, 1892, aged about fifty years. Mr. Rice and wife have always been identi- fied as members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He is a member of the order of [. O. O. F., and Knights of Honor. ^. El* -lARTIN BROOKS, editor of the Mount Sterling Examiner, was born in Jacksonville, in 1836. His father, Samuel S., came from Connecticut, of Scotch ancestry. Martin commenced very young to learn the trade of printer, and was employed in different places until 1863, when he came to Mount Sterling, and with his brother Sam- uel bought the office and good will of the Mount Sterling Union, a weekly paper, and changed the name to the Mount Sterling Record. He was elected Circuit Clerk in 1864, and served eight years, and then bought an interest in the Mount Sterling Message, and two years later sold out, and was clerk- ing in the courthouse for a time. In 1879 he bought the furniture and lease of the Lambert House, and kept hotel two years. and then resumed clerking in the courthouse. In 1883, he was elected Police Magistrate, and served two terms. In the meantime, with George S. Campbell he bought the Mount %\.%\\\x\^ Examiner, and has been its editor ever since. He was married in 1867, to Sophia S. Price, of Brown county, who died in 1869. In 1872 he was married to Nannie Kendrick. He has two daughters by his second mar- riage: Mabel Claire and Bernice A. He belongs to Hardin Lodge, No. 44, A. F. & A. M., is a Democrat, and he and his wife belong to the Christian Church. ILLIAM M. COX, M. D., one of the leading members of the medical pro- i-=sji^l fession in Brown county, Illinois, was born five miles from Jacksonville, Mor- gan county, Illinois. His father, Charles Cox, was a native of Yirginia, and removed from that State to Kentucky, where he mar- ried; he afterward removed to Indiana, and thence to Morgan county, Illinois, where he was one of the early settlers; he located there previous to the "winter of the deep snow" (1830-31), and experienced all the hardships and privations of that year. His brother, Hon. Jerry Cox, settled there at the same time. He entered a tract of Government land, on which he erected a log cabin. For several years after his settlement there wild game was plentiful, and the merchandise was brought from St. Louis by teams. The first railroad in the State was the one from Jack- sonville to Naples, and the cars were first drawn by horses. Mr. Cox improved his farm, built good frame buildings, and re- sided there several years. He removed to Adams county and bought a farm, on which SCHUYLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 165 he made his home one year; at the end of that time he sold and moved to Hancock county, where he purchased a large tract of land opposite Keokuk; there he was exten- sively engaged in general farming, raising and feeding large numbers of live-stock, and carrying on a profitable business. He mar- ried Kachel N. Craig, who was born in Ken- tucky and died at her home in Hancock county; his deatli also occurred at the home farm. Tiiey had a family of seven children, six of whom grew to mature years. William M., their son, received his education in the public schools, and at the age of nineteen years turned his attention to the study of medicine; his first work was done under the direction of Dr. McGougin, of Keokuk, and he afterward entered the medical department of the Iowa State University, from which he was graduated in 1860; ten years later he received a diploma from the College of Phy- sicians, New York, and in 1878 he was grad- uated from the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Keokuk, Iowa. He began the practice of his profession at Bloomtield, Iowa, in 1860, and upon the breaking out of the Civil war he entered the United States ser- vice as First Surgeon of the Third Iowa Cav- alry; after three months he was stricken with typhoid fever and was compelled to resign his position. In 1862 he settled in Liberty, Adams county, and remained there until 1877, when he came to Mount Sterling, where he has since been in active practice. He has been an indefatigable worker, a close student, and has kept fully abreast of the times upon all subjects pertaining to the great science. The tire of May, 1892, destroyed his library, which was one of the most extensive and valuable to be found in Illinois outside the city of Chicago. Dr. Cox was united in marriage to Effie M. Morris, who was born in Payson, Adams county, Illinois, a daughter of Israel and Emily H. Morris. Of this union one child has been born, Eleanor M. The mother and daughter are members of the Presbyte- rian Church. Politically, the Doctor affiliates with the Democratic party. He is a member of Hardin Lodge, No. 44, A. F. & A. M.; of the Chapter, K. A. M., and of Delta Commandery, No. 48, K. T. He belongs to the Adams County and American Medical Societies, and is highly esteemed in profes- sional, business and social circles for his many excellent traits, his ability as a physician, and his unswerving devotion to his country's in- terests. ^ MARION STOVER is the present superintendent of schools in Schuyler county, Illinois. He was born in Bainbridge township, this county, October 27, 1848, a son of Samuel Stover, a native of Page county, Virginia, born in November, 1813; he was a son of Samuel Stover, whose father was also named Samuel Stover. The parental great grandfather, who lived in Shen- andoah county, Virginia, married Barbara Lionbarger. The paternal grandfather emi- grated to Ohio in 1816, and was a pioneer of Licking county; he purchased a tract of land on which was a log house and other scant im- provements; there were no market towns, and cattle and other live-stock had to be driven to Baltimore and other eastern markets; the wife carded and spun and wove the cloth with which her children were clothed; the maiden name of the paternal grandmother was Susanna Brumback, a native of Virginia, who died in Licking county, Ohio. She reared a family of thirteen children ; the father of our 166 BIOGBAPHICAL REVIEW OF CA88, subject was a child of three years when his parents removed to Ohio; there he was reared, receiving his education in the subscription schools that were taught in the primitive log cabin. He remained with his parents until he attained his majority, and then started out in life for himself. He first rented land and carried on farming in this way for three years; at the end of that time he turned his attention to the carpenter's trade, which he followed until 1845, when he came to Illinois; he made the journey overland, accompanied by his wife and one child. He settled in what is now Bainbridge township, on land which he had purchased previous to coming here, the quarter section costing $150. Then there were no railroads, and grain had to be delivered at river towns. Mr. Stover went to work diligently to improve his farm, erecting substantial buildings, and placing the land under good cultivation; he lived on this place until 1888, when he rented it and removed to Eushville, where he has since lived a retired life. He was married to the mother of our subject in 1842; her maiden name was Maria Campbell, a native of Richland county, Ohio, and a daughter of Peter L. Campbell ; he was born in 1799, and was but one year old when his parents removed to Ohio, and there he was reared and married to Agnes Jones; in 1844 he emigrated to Illinois, and settled in Schuyler county, where he became a prominent citizen ; he and his wife are both deceased. Mrs. Stover has also passed from this life; seven of her children survive her: Milton L., Oscar A., D. Marion, Horace T., Kollin M., Robert C. and Zelm E. D. Marion Stover spent his early days upon the farm, and attended the rural schools during the winter season. Although his opportunities were very limited he was diligent and used his time to the best advan- tage. At the age of twenty-one years he be- gan teaching, and has since become well- known among the educators of the county. In 1886 he was elected to the office of county superintendent of schools, in which he has served continuously since that time. Familiar with all the needs of the child, he is very ef- ficient in this capacity, and has brought the schools to a high grade of excellence. Politi- cally he is a Democrat. He is a member of Eushville Lodge, No. 9, A. F. & A. M. tOUIS W. CARLES, a well-to-do and successful farmer and stock-raiser, living on section 30, township 18, range 11, was born in this township in 1847, and was here reared and educated. He is the son of George H. Carles, born in Germany in 1818. He was of pure Germany ancestry. His wife's name was Elizabeth Crims, and she died at the age of' sixty-one. She and her people were members of the Lutheran Church. The father and his children, in September, 1844, started for the United States, landed in New Orleans, and on the largest steamer then running on the Mississippi they came to Beardstown. They arrived January 10, 1845, having been three months on the way. Soon after landing Mr. Carles and one son pur- chased land in the county, and before long the family became large land owners. Here Mr. Carles, Sr., spent the last years of his life, and died when eighty-six years. He had always been identified with the Lutheran Church as had his parents before him. George H. Carles, Jr., has, since he came to this county been a resident near Bluflf Spring station. He is yet smart and active, and runs the homestead, having many friends in the county, among the early settlers. He was married in SOEUTLBE AND BBOWN COUNTIES. 167 1842, in Hanover, to L. O. Nora Deydrick. She was born and reared in Germany. Mrs. George Carles is yet living, and is quite feeble. She is a Lutheran, as is her husband. Mr. Carles is a Democrat. Louis is the only surviving member of quite a large family. Mr. Carles has been a resident of this county all his life. He has a iine farm of 160 acres, well supplied with good farm buildings. He still attends to overlooking everything himself. He is a well informed man of good judgment, and is a prominent citizen. He was married, in this county, to Caroline Musch, daughter of John and Albidena (Leppe) Musch. Her father came from Ger- many, and now resides in Virginia, Cass county; and her mother was born on the ves- sel from which she was named on the passage from Germany to A.merica. She died in this county when past middle age. Mr. Musch has married a third wife, who is still living. Mr. and Mrs. Carles of this notice are energetic young people and faithful members of the Lutheran Church. They are the par- ents of eleven children, two of whom died young: George H., Jr.; Gustav A., Robert G., William M., Herman H., Louis W., Jr., Julius O., J. Albert and Paul B. The whole family is an honor to the county in which they live. > lUGENE J. SCOTT, one of the leading farmers and stockmen of Schuyler county, Illinois, was born at George- town, Scott county, Kentucky, June 3, 1845. He passed a quiet, uneventful youth, remain- ing under the parental roof untilhis marriage. He was first united to Miss Ida V. Watson, March 15, 1877. She was born in Collins- ville, Illinois, February 7, 1847, and died in Schuyler county, Illinois, January 1, 1881; her father was a physician, who died when she was yet a child. By this marriage one child was born, Eugene W., the date of his birth being February 6, 1879, and the place Hushville township. Mr. Scott was married a second time, April 10, 1888, when he was united to Miss Nora L. Finch, who was born in Greenfield, Greene county, Illinois, July 6, 1855, a daughter of Thomas and Eliza Finch. Mr. and Mrs. Scott are the parents of one child, Thomas F., born May 28, 1889. Mr. Scott lived on a farm four years after his marriage, and then rented the land and removed to Hushville; here he owns a pleas- ant residence, and is very comfortably sit- uated. He makes a specialty of the breeding of fine horses and cattle, his favorite stock being Hambletonian horses and red-polled cattle; he has some of the finest animals in the State, in which he takes a just pride. In politics he is allied with the Democratic party. He is a member of the school board, and in this capacity has done his utmost to further educational advancement. In all the walks of life his actions have been character- ized by the highest integrity, and he is well worthy of the confidence reposed in him by his fellow- men. fACOB S. FRUETT, who for many years has been prominently identified with the agricultural interests of Schuyler county, was born at St. Mary's, Hancock county, Illi- nois, December 3, 1834, a son of Constant Pruett. His father was a native of Roane county, Tennessee, and his grandfather was a farmer of that State, and spent his entire life within its borders. Constant Pruett was reared and married in Tennessee, and emi- grated to Illinois in 1829, accompanied by 168 BIOGRAPEIGAL BBVIEW OF 0AS8, his wife and one child ; they journeyed on horse-back to Kentucky, and then secured a cart in which they completed the trip. They first settled in Cass county, but at the end of a year removed to Hancock county, where Mr. Pruett entered a tract of Government land; on this he built a log house in which Jacob S., the subject of this sketch, was born. In 1835 he sold the place and moved to Mc- Donough county, entering eighty acres of land on what is now section 33, Bethel town- ship; he built a log cabin on the east side of the tract, and a few years later erected one on the west side, in which he lived until his death in March, 1890, aged eighty-nine years. He married Susan Schoopman, of Koane county, Tennessee; her father, Jacob Schoop- man, started to Illinois in an early day; he fell ill on the way and died before reaching his destination ; his widow came to this county, and died in Bethel township. Jacob S. is one of a family of nine children; he was an infant when his parents moved to McDon- ough county; he attended the pioneer schools which were taught in the primitive log house, with the yet more primitive furnishing of puncheon seats and desks of the same pattern; the children were dressed in cloth of their mother's own weaving; there were no rail- roads, and wheat was hauled to market sixty miles distant, and sold at twenty-five cents a bushel. Our subject remained with his par- ents until he was twenty years of age. He then began life for himself. Having no capi- tal he rented land in Bethel township for two years, and at the end of two years purchased forty acres of his father's original entry, and later he purchased the adjoining land across the county line on section 4, Brooklyn township. In 1861, at the first call for troops, he enlisted in the Sixteenth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and reported at Springfield; thence he went to Quincy, but the quota was filled before his arrival; therefore he returned to his home, and in February, 1862, he again enlisted, entering Company I, Sixty-second Illinois Yolunteer Infantry, for a term of three years or during the war; the regiment was organized at Anna, Illinois, and mustered in at Cairo; thence he went to Paducah, Ken- tucky, and then to Columbus, and then to Kenton, Tennessee, where Companies I and K were detailed to guard a railroad trestle; while on duty here he was taken ill, and was honorably discharged; he returned home and resumed agricultural pursuits. In March, 1864, he started with four com- panions overland to Montana; at the end of one hundred and five days he arrived at Idaho Gulch, and there was engaged in cutting hay for three months, at $50 per month; then he and his brother and Solomon Pestel, engaged in the live-stock trade. In the spring of 1866 he disposed of his interest, and began teaming between Virginia City and Salt Lake. In the fall of the same year he returned to his home, and again took up agricultural pursuits. He was very successful, made in- vestments in land as his means increased, until he is now the owner of 360 acres; this is cultivated by his sons. He resided on the farm until 1882, when he removed to Rush- ville. Mr. Pruett was first married March 4, 1855, to Jane Stoneking, who was born in Pennsylvania, August 29, 1833, a daughter of Joseph and Rebecca Stoneking, and died August 1, 1881. Mr. Pruett was married a second time, February 1, 1888, when he was united in marriage to Mrs. Mary J. (Mooney) Bales, a native of Henderson county, Ken- tucky, and a daughter of Henry L. and Octa- via (Kelley) Mooney, and widow of George Bales. Mr. Pruett has five children born of so HUT LB B AND BliOWN COUNTIES. 169 his first marriage: Nicholas, Susan, Eliza A., Harriet and Mary; one child has been born of the second union, named Charles. Mrs. Pruett had by her first union six children: EfiieE., Ad- die E., Edward Clarence, Zelma A., Cora Y. and Kate. Politically our subject afliliates with the Democratic party, having cast his first presidential vote for Buchanan. He was elected Sheriff of the county in 1882, and served in this capacity four years. He was a zealous, capable officer and enjoyed the entire confidence of his constituency. Mrs. Pruett is a consisten t member of the Christian Church . sRS. EMELINE SHAFER, of Lee township, was born in Kingston, Luzerne county, Pennsylvania, De- cember 9, 1808. Her father was Peter Shafer and her mother was Elizabeth Shoals, both of Pennsylvania. Grandfather Shoals and his wife both came from Germany and both were sold for their passage, as was the custom in those days, that their time for one year should be sold to pay their passage. Be- ing sold to the same man in Philadelphia they became acquainted, and when they left this place they were married and walked the whole distance from Philadelphia to the Wyoming valley along the banks of the Sus- quehanna river. Here they soon became ten- ant farmers, and by industry and economy they became owners of a good farm there. Mrs. Shafer had grown up in the same neigh- borhood with her husband, and though mar- riage did not change her name, she was not related to him. Of course their means were very small, but their neighbors were in the same condition. After nine years they moved to Ohio by team. This was a pleasant trip of two weeks in 1834. They lived four years in Union county, four more in Madison county, and then traded their nice farm of 100 acres with good buildings and orchard for 160 acres of timber, two miles west of Mt. Ster- ling village, getting $200 in cash. They again took up the line of march, bringing with them their four children. They moved into an old log stable near their land, which they made tenable for a short time. Mr. Shafer was tired of his trade when he found that much of the fine timber had been cut, and upon making inquiry he found that the man who had taken much out of this timber had used it to fence eighty acres near what is now Fargo. They settled this by trading an eighty of Mr. Shafer's for the improved eighty that had been fenced with his timber. This was the place where Mrs. Shafer now lives, on which there was a comfortable, but rough house 16 x 16, with a fireplace and stick- and-mud chimney. They have lived here ever since. Here Mr. Shafer died in 1864, aged sixty nine years. They had buried three small children in Ohio and had eight living at his death, although all had gone from home but three. Charles Shafer and his brother Hiram D. were soldiers in the One Hundred and Seventeenth Illinois Volunteers Infantry from Brown county; Charles returned to die at his brother's at Mound Station at the age of twenty eight years. Hiram was in active service as a musician for over three years; Francis was in the ranks from February, 1864, to September of the same year. Of the eleven children born to Mrs. Shafer, seven are still living. Benjamin and Francis are at home conducting the farm for their venerable old mother. She has 170 acres in this farm. She has three motherless grandchildren with her, Maude, Cora and William. Perry Shafer, the eldest son, is a farmer in Kingman county, Kansas; Denison is a farmer in Smith 170 BIOGRAPHIOAL REVIEW OF 0A8S, county, Kansas; Wealthy Ann is the wife of Thomas Crabb, a farmer in Smith county, Kansas; Emeline, wife of Jordan Madison, a farmer in Leavenworth, Kansas; and Caroline, wife of James Wilson, a farmer in Kingman county, Kansas. This grand old lady is now nearly eighty- four years of age and is still as vigorous as most women at fifty years. She thinks noth- ing of walking three or five miles and attends church regularly in the village. She has a lively recollection of much of her experience in pioneer life. Slie tells how they shelled the corn by driving the horses over it on the barn floor and drew it sixteen miles to the river market and then sold it for ten cents a bushel. She tells her children that a pei-son can live entirely on corn meal, because she has tried it. All of her experiences, with many of her rough ones, are told with a zest which shows the stuff that this old heroine was made of, and it is refreshing to hear her speak of it as a rich romance in which she took part. fAMES CRAWFORD, of township 17, range 10, Virginia, is a native of Ireland born in 1833. His parents were William and Margaret (Patterson) Crawford, both na- tives of Ireland who came to America after marriage, about 1843. Thej located near what is now Yirginia, where they spent their lives. Both parents are interested in the Virginia cemetery. They had four children, two of whom are now living. ^ James grew to manhood on his father's farm. He has always worked hard and has accumulated property valued at thousands of dollars, all the result of his own industry and economy. He owns 540 acres of land sur- rounding the town of Virginia, for which he has refused $100 per acre. He gives his whole attention to stock-raising and feeding. He and his son are now feeding about 500 head of three to four year old steers. He is raising about 300 acres of corn this year (1892). The voters of the family are Demo- crats, and the family are among the represent- ative citizens of Virginia. They have been raised in the Presbyterian faith. This is not a long-lived family, the members generally dying young. He was married in Jacksonville, in 1868, to Miss Jane Elliott, of Virginia, born in 1841. They have five children: Fannie, Willie, James, Maggie and Floy; two died in infancy, — Henry C. and Thomas Elliott. Willie is now of age and is supporting him- self by farming a portion of the homestead, feeding 125 head of cattle. Mr. Crawford is an outspoken man, who speaks exactly what he thinks, and these qualities indicate the honesty of his nature, as he scorns to gain the favor of men by flat- tery. He has given his children a good edu- cation. He is a man of almost unlimited means, yet he spends his days in toil, feeling that his work is not yet accomplished, though he feels the weight of advancing years. He is a man of sterling honesty and the county is indebted to such men as he for much of its prosperity. He has resided for forty-five years on his farm. € '^ J*||ILLIAM M. GREENWELL, an in- wfffa telligent and progressive citizen of l-cjLv, I Cooperstown, Brown county, Illinois, and a prosperous farmer, was born in Meade county, Kentucky, June 27, 1842. His parents were George and Amanda (Rentfro) Greenwell, both natives of Ken- tucky, the former born in 1816, the latter in SCHUYLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 171 1813. The lather's grandparents came from Germany. His paternal grandfather was a well- to-do- farmer in Kentucky, who died in middle life, leaving a widow and seven chil- dren, four sons and three daughters. George, the father of the subject of this sketch, had charge of the homestead farm for many years, and was married there. In the spring of 1846, he and his family removed to Brown countj, Illinois; his brother William had preceded him in 1840, and had erected a gristmill on Crooked creek. This was for many years the only water-power mill nearer than Quincy, and did a large custom business, and could have been sold at one time for $10,000. George and his family made their home with this brother for about six weeks, when, having sold their homestead in Ken- tucky, the father and brothers bought eighty acres near Mount Sterling, on which there were good improvements, paying for the farm $800. They added to their original purchase from time to time, until they had 280 acres, which continued to be their permanent home, and on which the father still resides. Here the father lost his first wife, mother of the sub- ject of this notice, who died in 1882, aged seventy years. They were the parents of ten children, five now living. They lost an infant son, and a daughter, Sarah J., at the age of twelve years. Mary E., unmarried lives at home; William M., of this sketch; Horace D., a successful farmer of Cooperstown town- ship; Henry H. served six months in the army, in Kansas, where he was accidentally drowned, in 1862; Harriet A. married John G. Dennis, and died in 1872, aged twenty- two years, leaving one daughter, who lives with her grandfather; Amy I., wife of N. B. Cox, a prosperous farmer of Cooperstown township; Benjamin S. was a schoolteacher of high reputation, a self-educated man, and very enthusiastic in his work, whose early death was, no doubt, due to overwork; he went to California for his health, and taught while there; he came back home and died, at the age of twenty-eight; George F., the youngest, is at home, an invalid. William M., whose name heads this sketch, was but a child when he accompanied his father to Brown county, Illinois, where his youth was spent. At the age of nineteen years, he volunteered his services to the Union, and enlisted in October, 1861, m the Tenth Illinois Cavalry, for three years. He served four years and three months, and was with his regiment most of the time. He entered the service as a private and came out as an Orderly. Within two years after his return to civil life he was married, and after marriage set- tled on forty acres of land in Tiipley town- ship, which property he had bought while in the army, payiiig for it |1,350. Four years later, he sold this land for |2,150, and bought sixty-seven acres in Cooperstown township, on which he farmed for eight years. He then again sold out, disposing of his farm of 107 acres for |3,000, and buying his present place of 160 acres. Since then he has bought an additional eighty acres a mile and a half away, making, altogether, 240 acres which he now ow'hs, all of which he is farming. He was married on December 26, 1866, to Mary Ann Bates, an estimable lady and a native of Brown county, Illinois, where she was born in 1845. Her parents are William H. and Mary A. (Price) Bates, well-to-do and esteemed residents of Brown county. They have had eight children, seven now living: a son died in infancy; James, aged twenty- five, married Julia Six, and has one son; Os- car, aged twenty-one is at home, as are also 172 BIOGBAPHIGAL REVIEW OF CABS, all the rest, — William, aged nineteen; Lilly Pearl, sixteen; Amanda, twelve; Lettie, eight; and Laura, aged six. Although a Republican in politics, he has been once elected as census enumerator, and once as Assessor of a strongly Democratic township. In the discharge of his official duties, as in his private life, he has displayed superior ability and unimpeachable integrity. He is a member of the Gr. A. R., and belongs to Isaac McNeil Post at Ripley. He and his wife and two sons have been for a number of years earnest and useful members of the Christian Church, of which he is an Elder. Aside froui his highly respectable family relations, his father having been for many years a prouiinent resident of the State, he has gained for himself, by continued indus- try, upright dealing and -uniform courtesy, both financial prosperity and the universal esteem of his fellow men. -'■^Tym/b- — •q/irui^^ zf seventy-seven. She ever proved herself a true and noble wife and mother, and her death was deeply felt by those she left behind her. She left two sons: Ed- win C.> who married Isabel Dale and who now resides in Waterloo, Iowa; and Robert Harry, who married Emma Logan and they live in Minneapolis, Minnesota. They are both prosperous young men. — 'i S ' I i' t ' S* * *•' — FREDERICK W. ROTTGER, one of the most successful and enterprising busi- ness men of Mount Sterling, was born near Mendon, Prussia, August 8, 1844. His father, William Rottger, was born in the same Country, and there was reared and mar- ried. In 1845 he determined to try his for- tunes in the New World, and left his family behind until he should seek out a home for them in the strange, new land. He located in Morgan county, Illinois, where he died about a year later. His wife was left in very humble circumstances, with four little chil- dren. In 1850 she brought her family to 180 BIOORAPEIOAL REVIEW OF CAS 8, America, sailing from Bremen and landing in New Orleans; thence they came via the Mississippi and Illinois rivers to Naples, and completed the journey to Jacksonville by rail. Frederick W. was bound out to E. S. Hendrickson, a farmer then residing in Mor- gan county, with whom he remained until he had attained his majority. His early life was spent on the farm, but he managed to learn the art of telegraphy, and came to Mount Sterling to accept a position vt'ith the Wabash Railway Company as station agent. For raore than a quarter of a century he has had charge of the company's business at this point, and by his years of faithful service has gained the entire confidence of the officials of the corporation. After he had been in Mount Sterling a short time he began contracting for railroad ties, and has carried on this busi- ness continuously since that time. In 1874 he purchased an interest in the lumber busi- ness of 0. M. Dunlap, and in 1882 bought the entire concern, since which time he has conducted the trade alone. In 1878 he added the grain business to his own interests, and has done a large amount of buying and shipping. He also has immense agricultural interests, and owns 800 acres of fine farming land in Fea Ridge township. Mr. Rottger was married October 18, 1865, to Eugenia Feters, a native of Steubenville, Ohio, and a daughter of Stebbens and Alicia (Tracy) Feters; of this union five children have been born: Eugenia, Nina, Myrtle, Frederick W. and "Winnifred. Mrs. Rottger is a consistent member of the Presbyterian Church. Our worthy subject belongs to the Masonic order, being a member of Hardin Lodge, No. 44, A. F. & A. M., Delta Cora- mandry. No. 48, K. T., and the Quincy Con- sistory. Folitically he is identified with the Democratic party, and has represented the people of his township in many of the local offices; he was the first Mayor of Mount Sterling, and has been a member of the County Board of Supervisors. He is also the choice of his party to represent Brown county in the State Legislature. He is a man of unquestioned integrity, true to his friends, and strong in the purposes he considers just and right. ILLIAM B. DAVIS, proprietor of the Democrat Message, was born in La Fayette county, Missouri, July 10, 1865. His father, Henry K. Davis, was born in Wheeling, West Virginia, and his father, Samuel H. Davis, was a printer, and at one time published a paper in Wheeling, and later in Feoria, 111. He spent his last days there. His son was also a printer, and followed his trade many years. He issued the first daily paper ever published in Peoria,- and the first ever published in Champaign county, and during the war published the Lexington Union at Lexington, Missouri. It was a strong Union paper, and there his life was fraught with much danger. Later he established the Daily Advertiser at Kan- sas City, and it is now known as the Kansas City Times. Among the other places where he published papers were Faris, Texas, and Warrensburg, Missouri. In December, 1874, he came to Mount Sterling and bought the Mount Sterling Democrat and continued its publication un- til his death, April 6, 1886. His wife's name was Mary Davis, of Cumberland, Mary- land, a daughter of John Davis. She now resides at Mount Sterling, where she has reared six children. William was ten years old when he came to Mount Sterling, and at the age of eighteen SCHUYLER AND BROWN OOUNTIES. 181 he began to learn tlie trade of printing in the office of the Democrat. In 1886 he bought the office and good will of the Mes- sage and consolidated it with the Democrat under the name of the Democrat Message. His mother still retains a half interest in the paper. He married, in 1888, Laura G. Givens, of Mount Sterling, Illinois, daughter of John and Maria Putraan Givens. They have one child, Catherine Maria. Mrs. Davis belongs to the Methodist Episcopal Church, Mr Davis is a Democrat in politics, and belongs to the Cincinnatis, No. 287, K. P. -^^urrui^ ^Si- ■q/irin^^ ^YRUS HORROM dates his birth in Dearborn county, Indiana, September 4, 1820. His father, Benjamin Hor- rom, was born in New York state, and when a young man moved to Ohio. A few years later he continued his way westward, and took up his abode in Dearborn county, In- diana, where he lived till December, 1828- At that time he started with his wife and nine children for Illinois, making the re- moval with ox teams, and landing in Cass county the following March. Here he en- tered a tract of Government land in town- ship 18, range 10, and erected a log house- The maiden name of his wife was Sarah Aus- tin, she being a native of the same locality in which her husband was born. They reared nine children, and on the home farm the parents died. Cyrus Horrom was eight years of age at the time the family moved to Illinois. At the time Central Illinois was sparsely set- tled, and in the northern part of the State the only inhabitants were Indians. Game of all kinds' was plenty throughout the State, and the people dressed in homespun. Little of the land in Cass county had been entered, most of it belonging to the Government. The means of transportation being limited, farm produce necessarily brought a low price. Corn was ten cents per bushel, good steers sold at half a cent per pound, and pork brought seventy-five cents per hundred pounds. Mr. Horrom lived with his parents till he reached his majority. He then went to Marshall county and worked on a farm three months. Returning to Cass county, he rented land of his father, and in 1845 settled on the farm he now owns and occupies. This farm is located on section 17, contains 145 acres, and is well improved with good buildings, etc. Mr. Horrom was married in 1845, to Mary J. Briar, a native of Pennsylvania, and a daughter of James and Mary (Davis) Briar. Joseph Briar, a sketch of whom appears elsewhere in this volume, is a brother of hers. Mr. and Mrs. Horrom have seven children living, viz: John H., Matilda J., Mary E., William H., Martha Ellen, Preston W., and Cora Alice. Charles, Addie, Mil- lard and George A. are deceased. |HILANDER AVERY, one of the large ..-„. land owners of Schuyler county, resides on section 26, Camden township. He first came to the county in 1832, being a native of Franklin county, Ohio, born June 13, 1823. His parents, David and Margaret (Adams) Avery, were natives of Pennsylvania and Ohio. The grandfather of the subject was born in Ireland, but came to the United States when a boy and for some time was a sailor. He then farmed and fol- 183 BIOORAPHIOAL REVIEW OF 0A88, lowed the carpenter trade. Some time after his children were settled he emigrated to Illinois, settled in Schuyler county, where he died at the age of eighty-five. His wife also died in Schuyler county. They had ten chil- dren: Stephen, Chancey, Pelatin, Nancy, Maria, Daniel, "William, Polly, Betsy and Sarah. The father of the subject was born in New York State, July 1, 1797, and when a boy removed with the family to Ohio, where he worked at the trade of carpenter. He was married in 1821, in Ohio, to Mar- garet Adams, who was born in Franklin county, Ohio. In 1832 he came to Colwell, Illinois, and resided for eight years in Rush- ville, then settled in Woodford county, where he entered some land. He next spent three years in Missouri and on his return went to Camden township, where he owned eighty acres. He died in 1851, aged fifty-five years. His wife died two months later, aged fifty-four. They had nine children, Matilda, deceased; Rebecca, deceased; Nancy, de- ceased; Sarah Carter, deceased; Elizabeth J., deceased; Charles resides at Industry, Illi- nois, and Zavin, deceased. Philander is the second of the family. He came with the family to Illinois and has re- mained a farmer ever since. After his mar- riage he removed to Knoxville, where he re- sided until 1851 and then returned to Schuy- ler county and purchased eighty acres of land in Camden township and has since been a resident of the place. He now owns 700 acres of land and deals largely in live stock. He has always been a good, hard-working man, and is known well and favorably all over the county. He is a Democrat in politics and has always been an ontspoken man. He is uneducated in schools, but has been edu- cated in the great school of experience. He was married in 1842 to Mrs. Meeks, nee Bryant. She was born in Stokes county, North Carolina, and married there, coming to Illinois with her husband, Mr. Meeks. She had three children by him: Miria, Columbus and Helen. She bore her second husband two children: Mary Ann, who was drowned in a stream near home when fifteen, and James, who resides in Camden township. Mrs. Avery died, November 16, 1891. Mr. Avery is a member of Camden Lodge, No. 648, A. F. & A. M. He is worth a good deal of property, which he has made himself. James Avery was born in Knox county, Illinois, July 30, 1844. He has always lived with his father, although he owns 120 acres of land himself. He is a Democrat and has been Highway Commissioner and member of the School Board. He is a member of Cam- den Lodge, No. 648, A. F. & A. M. He has worked as a carpenter. He was married in 1868, to Martha Dixon, daughter of Lawone and Hannah Dixon. She was born in Brown county, in 1848. They have one son. La Fayette, born July 3, 1870. ^ENRY M. SCHMOLDT, Beardstown, Illinois. — It is the constitutional privi- lege of every American to aspire to the highest honors within the gift of the people; and when such aspiration is supplemented by progressive and well balanced mentality, backed with integrity, tact and energy, it fol- lows as a law of natural selection that such a man is a leader among his fellow men« It matters not whether his father be a prince of fortune, or an humble mechanic; the law of selection, made natural by the inspired prin- ciples of our constitution, remains the same; for under the beneficent and noble doctrine of a true republican government, mon- 80HUTLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 183 archial succession is relegated to the repel- lent past, and all men are born equal — equal in the right of law and privilege, the only aristocrat being the man possessing a wealth of brains. Such a man may have an academic sheepskin learnedly inscribed as an early voucher to his mentality and title to distinc- tion. When such is happily the case the man simply rises the more rapidly, simply obtains an earlier hold upon the confidence and re- spect of his fellow men. The history such a man makes becomes his own property, so to speak, and not alone an embellishment of the future. His progress has outstripped time, and he lives to read, in accredited form and in the suffrage of approval of his fellow men, the story of his life. How eminently fitting to a good life is such an honor, and how few men enjoy it! It is one of those few, a man who, though still in the morning of his life, has made a record worthy the pages of his- tory that this sketch is written. Henry M. Schmoldt was born in Cass county, Illinois, September 19, 1858. He is the eldest son of Robert G. and Johanna (Blohn) Schmoldt, both natives of Hanover, Germany. Robert G. Schmoldt was the eighth son of Herman Schmoldt, a wealthy land owner in Hanover. The father of Henry M. Schmolt spent a portion of his early life upon the ocean. In 1852 he was married, by the American consul at Hamburg, to Miss Johanna Blohn, of Hanover, after which he emigrated to the United States, locating in New York city. In July of the following year he removed to Beardstown, where with his good wife he enjoys the fruits of a well- earned competence and good name. In 1890, at the retirement of his father from business, Henry M. Schmoldt, in com- pany with his brothers, Adolph E. and Rob- ert W., assumed full control of the exten- sive business built up by their father, a busi- ness which with the advent of younger blood at the helm has made additional strides in the favor ipf the public. The boyhood of Henry M. Schmoldt was full of active usefulness and hard work. At the usual age he entered the public school at Beardstown, and to this, the education there obtained, was added a commercial course of study in a business col- lege in St. Louis, Missouri, after which he took a course at Asbury (now Depauw) Uni- versity, Greencastle, Indiana. In 1876, he returned to Beardstown and associated himself with his father in the manufacture of cooperage supplies, and has continued in the business ever since, the firm now being Schmoldt Bros. & Company. This firm also deals extensively in lumber and house-furnishing supplies. Mr. Schmoldt, of whom this sketch is written, is one of the younger war horses in the Republican party, and has widened his strength and wisdom in ofiice by having been repeatedly elected to the ofiice of Mayor of Beardstown, besides having served as Alder- man for several years. He is a hard worker, scrupulous and exact in his dealings with men, and a staunch advocate of the principles of the great party, in whom and through whom he sees the great truths which his party believes have made America what it is. He is, however, more of a statesman than a politician; for politicians are not generally given to great scruples in matters of con- science in politics, and Mr. Schmoldt is; but it is the honest, straightforward man that wins a lasting meed of victory in politics as well as in social and business life; and such is the record of Mr. Schmoldt. In the local coun- sels of the Republican party he is an able and welcome adviser. On May 12, 1880, Mr. Schmoldt was mar- 184 BIOGBAPHIOAL BEVIBW OP CABS, ried to Miss Lena Earhardt, of Beardstown, daughter of the late Dr. Fred Earhardt, an old and leading physician of Cass county. They have one child, a daughter, whoiA they have named Jennie. Socially, Mr. Schmoldt is a prominent member of the Masonic fraternity, and also of the Odd Fellows. Personally he is kind, courteous and affable. ^. Ef H. OWEN SEELEY is on of the old- est settlers of Schuyler county and re- l® sides in Rushville. He was born at Thetford, Orange county, Vermont, Decem- ber 15, 1811. His father, Luke Seeley, was born in the same town October 15, 1792. The grandfather, Sheldon Seeley, was a na- tive of New England and it is supposed was born in Vermont, at least he was one of the pioneers of Thetford where he followed agri- cultural pursuits. At a very early day he went to Ohio, prospecting, but was taken sick while there and died near Sandusky. His wife was Deborah Bowker, a native of New England, who died at Thetford at the age of about ninety years. Luke Seeley was reared and married in his native State. Upon reaching manhood he en- gaged in mercantile pursuits, which he con- tinued in Vermont until 1818, when he re- moved to Franklin county, New York, and there lived on a farm for about one year. He then moved to Malone, New York, and en- gaged in merchandising, conducting at the same time a cabinet shop and employing a foreman to carry it on. In 1828 he came to Illinois to look at his piece of land in the mil- itary tract, but then went back to New York in September, 1830, and returned to Illinois with his family. He started on the 12th of September, and journeyed with a two-horse team to Buflfalo, thence by lake to Cleveland, thence by team to Columbus, Ohio, where he remained until the 27th of October, and then with a company of fourteen families made the overerland journey by team to Schuyler county, and after forty days on the road ar- rived at Rushville. He located on land just north of Rushville, but one year later moved to the village and started the first nursery in Schuyler county, which he conducted success- fully until his death October 15, 1856. His wife, and the mother of our subject, was for- merly Miss Electa Owen, a native of Milton, Vermont, and the daughter of Elijah Owen. She died in Rushville, May 10, 1834. Both parents were substantial citizens, good neigh- bors, and enjoyed the high esteem of all who knew them. Onr subject, E. H. Owen Seeley, was edu- cated at Malone Academy. One of the friends of the family. Dr. Waterhonse, had lost his only son and he expressed his desire to have our subject go to Burlington, Ver- mont, and study medicine, and to this the father assented. It was considered necessary that he should have a Latin education and ac- cordingly he secured a Latin grammar, Cic- ero's Orations, Ainsworth's Latin and Eng- lish Dictionary, the Iliad of Homer and the Bucolics of Virgil in two volumes; but at this juncture, on the eve of his departure, and after his father had procured him a suit of sheep's-gray clothing, his mother objected to his going, and instead thereof he entered a shop to learn the cabinet trade, but he still had his books that he had purchased, and in 1880, when he came West, he traded his books for a rifle, as it was evident that he would have much more use for that instrument of death in the wilds of Illinois than for his classic, Latin works. Soon after his arrival SGEUTLER AND BROWN O0UNTIB8. 185 here, he bought the lot on the corner east of the court house, and in 1831 began under- taking. The first person he buried was the fourth body consigned to the cemetery at this place. When the cholera swept the town in 1834, taking off thirty persons or more, him- self and one other person conducted all the bur- ials. For many years he was the only fur- niture dealer and undertaker in the city. He continued an active business until 1878, but since then has been mainly retired. On the 26th of September, 1839, he mar- ried Catherine A. Haskell, a native of Trov, New York, whose father was Joseph Haskell of New Hampshire. Joseph Haskell was left an orphan at an early age, and upon ar- riving at adult years, went to York State, where he followed blacksmithing. In 1831, accompanied by his wife and family, he came by team to Wheeling, West Virginia, and then by the Ohio, Mississippi and Illinois rivers to Beardstown. He did not settle on the land he had previously bought in Schuyler county, but established himself in Hushville, then a little hamlet. He bought the land now occupied by the courthouse and erected thereon a frame dwelling, in which the mother of Mrs. Seeley taught the first school in the village. Mr. Haskell followed the trade of a mason and resided here until his death, October 2, 1864. The maiden name of his wife was Clarissa Pier. She was born in Ponltney, Yermont, March 5, 1792, and died August 10, 1879 in Rushville. Mr. Seeley has always been a Democrat, and in 1847 and 1848 was Assessor and Treasurer of this county. He visited every house in the county and made his returns in ninety days. From 1857 to 1861 he served as Postmaster. To himself and wife were born six children: Charles, Albert, Frank, Dora William L. and Ella. Dora died at the age of fiveyears. Mrs. Seeley joined theMethodist Church at the age of ten years and has been a consistent member ever since. She has in her possession the manuscript of a history of Rushville written by her mother several years ago. fAMES A. TEEL, a pioneer of Schuyler county, and one the most successful farmers and stock-raisers of the State of Illinois, was born in Washington county, Pennsylvania, July 19, 1830. His father, Henry P. Teel, was born in New Jersey; and it is thought that the grandfather, John Teel, also was a native of New Jersey. The great-grandfather, Captain John Teel, com- manded a company in the war of the Revo- lution; he spent his last years in Beaver county, Pennsylvania, and was buried with military honors; his widow came to Illinois and spent her last days here. John Teel served five years in the regular army, and participated in the struggle of 1812; he emigrated from Pennsylvania and spent the last years of his life in Guernsey county; he married Huldah Haines, a native of the Key- stone State; she also died in Guernsey county. Henry P. Teel was a millwright by trade, and followed this vocation in Pennsylvania until 1883, when he came to Illinois, accompanied by his wife and two children; the trip was made via the Ohio, Mississippi and Illinois rivers to Erie, and thence by team to Rush- ville; here he lived two years, and then re- moved to the Territory of Iowa, locating at Fort Madison, where he lived one year; he then came back to Schuyler county, and re- sumed work at his trade. He saved his money, and in 1845 he purchased a tract of school land on section 16, Rushville town- ship; in connection with his trade he super- 186 BIOOEAPHIOAL RSVIEW OF C'ASS, intended the cultivation of this land, and resided on the farm until his death, which occurred March 21, 1878. He married Mar- tha Ann Mathews, who was born in New Castle, Delaware, November 11, 1811; her father, James Mathews was born on the sea when his parents were emigrating to America; Thomas Mathews, the great-grandfather of our subject, was born in Ireland, of Scotch ancestry; after emigrating to America he set- tled in Delaware, but later removed to Penn- sylvania, locating in Washington county; he afterward came to Ohio, where he spent the remainder of his days; he married Margaret Steward, a native of Ireland. James Math- ewe, the maternal grandfather, was a paper- maker by trade, learning the business at New Castle, Delaware; after his marriage he re- moved to Washington county, Pennsylvania, and thence to Kansas, where he spent the last days of his life in Cherokee county; he was a thirty-third degree Mason, and his funeral was conducted by that body. Henry P. Teel and wife reared a family of seven children: James A. the subject of this notice, Huldah A., John T., William, Alice, Henry and Cass. Tlie parents are members of the Presbyterian Church; Mr. Teel affiliates with the Democratic party. James A. Teel was four years of age when his parents came to Schuyler county to reside; settlers were few, and wild game abounded. At Port Madison also the Indians were nu- merous, Black Hawk and Keokuk being prominent chiefs, well remembered by Mr. Teel. He attended the pioneer schools of Schuyler county, which were taught in log school houses, furnished in primitive style; the seats were made of slabs with wooden pins for legs, and the desks for the older scholars were constructed after the same pat- tern; the pens were made by the teacher from goose-quills. Cooking was done by a fire-place, and the children were clothed in home-spun of the mother's own weaving. James A. resided with his parents until he was nineteen, and then, in 1849, he emigrated to California, joining the great throng that pressed to the gold fields of that State; he was one of a company of sixty who made the journey overland with ox teams, walking the entire distance. He arrived at Biddle's Bar out of funds; he soon found employment in the mines, and worked two days and a half at $9 per day ; he then began raining on his own account, and remained there until 1851, when he returned to his home via the Nicaragua route and New York. In 1858 he made another trip across the plains, spent a few months in the golden State, and returned by way of the Isthmus. He engaged in farm- ing in Rushville township, and soon turned his attention to the breeding of fine cattle. In 1856 he located on a farm which he still owns on section 2, Rushville township; this tract consists of 570 acres, and is improved with good substantial buildings; Mr. Teel lived there until March, 1891, when he re- moved to the farm where he now resides, one mile north of the courthouse; he owns nearly 1,200 acres of land, all in Rushville and Buena Vista townships. He was married July 29, 1856, to Miss Elizabeth Smith, a native of Rushville town- ship, born December 24, 1834, a daughter of Jonathan and Nancy (Skiles) Smith (see sketch of William Wood). Mr. and Mrs. Teel have four children living: Herschel Y., Neosho May, Marshall E. and Walter H.: the oldest child, Everett L., was born July 14, 1866; he was graduated from the law department of the State University, Madison, Wisconsin, in the class of 1890, and his death occurred in October, of the same year. SVIIUTLEB AhD BROWI^ COUNTIES. 187 In early days Mr. Teel belonged to the "Whig party, but for many years past has affiliated with the Democratic party. He has served as collector of Kushville township, and has been a member of the county Board of Supervisors. He is a stock-holder in the Schuyler County Agricultural Society, and has made an exhibit at the second fair held in the county, receiving two silver spoons as premiums; his herd of short-horns has been seen at many county fairs in Illinois since that time, and has been awarded sweep-stakes and other prizes on different occasions. Mr. Teel is a stock-holder in the Schuyler Hotel Company, and also in the Bank of Schuyler County. He is a man of superior business qualifications, and his judgment in all mat- ters pertaining to agriculture is highly es teemed throughout the county and State. < =^ fOHN K.CLARK, a well-to-do and promi- nent farmer, living on sections 31 and 32, Township 18, Kange 11, Cass county, Illinois, where he owns a fine farm, well im- proved and well supplied with farm buildings, of about 400 acres, lying in the Sangamon valley, near Bluff Springs, was born in this county, in what is now Monroe precinct, in 1828. He is the oldest man in Cass county that was born here. The family later came to what is now Bluff Springs precinct in 1846, and here the parents afterward lived. Prior to coming to BluflF Springs they had lived for a time in Morgan county, Illinois, and also in Schuyler county, later in Henry county, Iowa, and there the father, Thomas, struck the first stake of what is now Mount Pleasant, Iowa. Some time after this his attention was called to a beautiful spring located about three miles east qf Mount Pleasant, and during his four years' sojourn in Henry county, Iowa, when it was all new ground, unbroken, he remained there. Later he sold and returned to Illinois, and in 1840 located in Cass county, where he became a prominent citizen and spent his remaining days there, dying in the vicinity of Bluff Springs, in 1852. He was sixty-seven years of age at his death. He was a good, well- known citizen of this county. He was born in Kentucky, and was the son of Thomas Clark, Sr., who was born in London, England, and came to America when a young man, set- tling in Kentucky, in Barren county, and there lived for some years as a prominent pioneer. He was married, and while yet in middle life was attacked by the Indians and murdered, and his house burned down. The mother died a natural death in Kentucky when quite an old woman. Thomas Clark, Jr., had followed his brother, William M., to Illinois, the latter coming here in the early '20s and settling in Morgan county. He is now dead. Thomas Clark was married in Ken- tucky to a lady of that State, Julia Ann King, of Scotch-Irish stock. She labored with her husband in building a home in those early days in Illinois. She died some fourteen years after her h usband, and was abou t se venty- six years old. She was a Methodist. John is the eldest son of four yet living children. His sister, Mrs. Mary Loosley, is the eldest, being a widow and now lives with him. Another brother, Owen W., was a teacher for many years in the public schools and taught penmanship in twenty-seven States, and also in the Dominion of Canada. He is single, as is our subject. Another sis- ter is Martha, Wife of Judge D. K. Walker, of Virginia. Two brothers and three sisters, now dead. Rev. William Clark, the older, was a member of the Methodist Episcopal 188 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OF CASS, Conference, and preached the gospel for forty years. Thomas was a well-to-do farmer and owned a fine farm near Bluff Springs, where his widow, two sons and a daughter, still re- side. Cynthia, the oldest daughter, was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and lived a consistent Christian life, and died at the age of seventy-two. Rebecca and Jane were also members of the Methodist Church. They died younger. John Clark is one of the prominent men of the county and takes an active part in local matters. He is a Democrat, a live, good fel- low who enjoys life as it comes. He started Bluff Springs, built the first house and store, old the first merchandise, and was Post- master of the place. This was about 1872. His brother Owen was also Postmaster for some time, and both brothers were teachers. f HOMAS W. SCOTT, M. D., Rushville, Illinois, is a son of Thomas W. and Catherine (Fitzgerald) Scott, whose his- tory is fully given in another biographical sketch in this work. He was born in Scott county, Kentucky, April 18, 1848, and was but a child when his parents came to Illinois. Here he grew to manhood; he attended the common schools, and also enjoyed the oppor- tunities afforded in the academy at Mon- mouth, Illinois. He assisted his father in the farm work, and thus gained an intelligent comprehension of agriculture as a science. In 1881 he began the study of medicine at Mount Vernon, Missouri, under the pre- ceptorship of Dr. G. L. Knapp; he subse- quently attended lectures at the Missouri Medical College, St. Louis, and was graduated with the degree of M. D. in March, 1884. He immediately located at Mt. Vernon, Mis- souri, and the following year removed to Rushville. He is a close student of his pro- fession and the science of medicine, and is fully abreast of the times upon all subjects pertaining thereto. The July (1892) session of the Board of County Supervisors appointed him County Physician. In addition to his professional duties the Doctor finds time for horticultural pursuits, and is very successful; he also raises poultry, breeding the best grades. He owns a farm east of Rushville, which is cultivated under his supervision. Politically be is identified with the Demo- cratic party, although he gives little atten- tion to politics beyond exercising his right of suffrage. He is an honored member of the Knights of Pythias. He is a man of great energy and enterprise, and in all the walks of life has earned the success and merited the prosperity that has attended him. -€ UKE W. CLARK, M. D., has been a close student of his profession for many years, and long ago won an enviable reputation as a skillful practitioner. He was born in Pike county, Ohio, September 6, 1841. His father, Ebenezer Clark, was a native of the State of New York, and was there reared and married, his wife's maiden name being Julia A. Wilcox, also of the Em- pire State. His early life was spent amid rural scenes, in closest touch with ISTatnre, who is always a wise and gentle teacher. He attended the common schools, and in his youth began the study of botany and medi- cine; there was not a tree or plant in the State of Illinois with which he was not as familiar as with the members of his own household. He emigrated to Ohio, and there 8CHUTLEB AND BROWN COUNTIES. 189 was engaged in agricultural pursuits; he was still devoted to the study of medicine, and after the family came to Illinois and located at Rushville, in 1845, he began the practice of his profession, which he continued to the time of his death. While for many years he enjoyed a wide and paying practice, he did not accumulate wealth ; he was kind to the poor and did much for charity; in his death the poor lost one of their stanchest friends. In politics he was an ardent supporter of Republican principles; in his religious faith he was also possessed of the courage of his convictions, denying any future state; he did not approve of secret societies. His wife died in February, 1892; they had born to them nine children, all of whom lived to years of maturity: Marcus, a physician, died at Vermont, Illinois, in 1892; Franklin is a farmer in McDonough county; Yictor is a farmer in Adair county, Missouri; Luke "W. is the subject of this sketch; Albert R. is practicing medicine at Vermont, Illinois; Mary married Dr. B. F. Taylor, and died at Vermont, Illinois; Lucy is the wife of Jacob Trout, of Rushville; Cornelia is the wife of 0. P. Weill; Emaline married William Barber. Dr. Luke W. Clark received his literary education in the common schools of Rush- ville, and at the age of sixteen years began the study of medicine iinder the preceptor- ship of his father, with whose botanical rem- edies he became familiar. After finishing his medical education he came to Rushville and engaged in practice with his father. He is now one of the oldest physicians in Schuy- ler county, and has a large and lucrative practice. Dr. Clark was married, in 1872, to Miss Frances Schenk, a daughter of John Scheok, and a native of Fulton county, Illinois. 14 Four sons have blessed this union: Wheeler' Myron, Earl and Homer. The Doctor is a member of the State Medi- cal Eclectic Society; in all his professional relations he has preserved that integrity and honor which graced the name of his father. He has been a close student of the science of medicine, and employs a set of remedies which have come to be known as "Clark's Family Medicines," and are now manu- factured for the trade. In politics he affili- ates with the Republican party. ETER W. RICKARD, an intelligent and progressive farmer of Cass county, *^ Illinois, residing in township 19, range 9, was born in Windham county, Connecti- cut, August 26, 1823. His parents were Peter and Mary (Healy) Rickard, both natives of Massachusetts, the mother's birth having taken place in Dudley, of that State. The father died one month previous to the birth of the snbject of this sketch. Grandfather Rickard was a brave and efiicient soldier in the Revolutionary war, and died in the service. The Rickard family is of French ancestry and took a prominent part in early Colonial times. Our subject's mother was a daughter of Stephen and Rhoda (^Marcy) Healy, also natives of Massachusetts, both of whom were related to old and re- spected families of that State. They died in the Bay State between the ages of seventy and eighty years. Both her father and grand- father were distinguished soldiers in the Revo- lutionary war, although the fame of her grand- father. Major Nathan Healy, rather outshone that of her father, the elder gentleman receiv- ing a liberal pension from the Government for his able services in that memorable 190 BIOOBAPHIOAL BE VIEW OF 0A88, Struggle. The Ilealys were originally froin England, and,, as far as known, were success- ful farmers. On the maternal side, Mr. Rick- ard's mother was an own cousin of William L. Marcy, at onetime Governor of Wew York. Their revered parents had eight children, of whom our present subject is the sole survivor; some of these were tradesmen and successful merchants. The mother died in Windham county, Connecticut, aged about sixty-nine years, universally lamented for her kindly ways and Christian character. The subject of this sketch lived with his mother until he was eight years of age, when he went to live with a brother-in-law, with whom he remained until he was fourteen. He, then, found employment by the day or month, and at the same time diligently prose- cuted his studies in thp free school, which he continued to attend until he attained the age of twenty- one. He then started for thp West, Illinois be- ing the objective point, then on the extreme frontier. In these days of rapid transit, it is interesting to note, by way of contrast, the time consumed by the journey. He went by cars and boat to New York city, a^d thence, via the Erie canal and Cumberland stage route, to Philadelphia and Wheeling, which took four weeks' time. He thence proceed- ed by the rivers to Beardstown, lllinpis being twenty days en route, arriving at the latter place in the fall of 1844. He taught a subscription school for several terms, after which he taught a free school, continuing thus for many years, teaching in the winter and farming during the summer. He first purchased 120 acres in his present township, on which he settled soon after marriage. He afterward kept a general store for a year in Chandlerville, when, in 1857, he sold his first farm and bought 240 acres, on which he now resides. He lived on the old farm while the present one was being prepared for occu- pancy. Besides this valuable and extensive property, he owns a fine tract of forty acres, in this vicinity, all of which is devoted to mixed farming, in which he is very success- ful, being numbered among the most pros- perous farmers of the county. Mr. Rickard was first married June 22, 1846, to Miss Elizabeth Pease, an intelligent lady, and a native of Ohio. Her parents were Aborn Pease and wife, natives of Con- necticut, prominent and early settlers of Illi- nois, who died at an advanced age. By this marriage, Mr. Rickard has one son, Henry A., who was born February 12, 1848; he married Julia Hardin, and has two children. Mr. Rickard's union was destined to be of short duration, his wife dying on the old farm, in the twenty-seventh year of lier age. November 5, 1854, Mr. Rickard was again married, his second wife being Miss Mary Harbison, an estimable lady, a native of this county and a sister of Moses Harbison, a prominent resident of this locality. (See sketch in this book.) By this marriage there was one child, now deceased. This union was also suddenly dissolved by the hand of death, before whose power all must bow. This gentle and beloved lady expired October 6, ^856, leaving many friends to mourn her untimely taking away. April 21, 1856, Mr. Rickard was married to Miss Mary C. Taylor, well and favorably known in this community, where she was born March 21, 1840. Her parents, Henry B. and Mary P. (Hawthorn) Taylor, are hon- ored pioneers of Illinois. Mrs. Rickard was a pupil of her husband when he taught school here in the early day. She is well informed and intellectual, being well adapted to be a companion to a person of her aCHUTLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 191 husband's superior ability and training. By this marriage there have been nine children, five now living; all born on this farm. Those surviving are: Charles E., born July 28, 1860; JohnT., born June 29, 1862; Francis M., born October 8, 1867; Mary, born March 4, 1871; James A., born Decem- ber 25, 1879. Mr. Eickard was formerly an old-line Whig, and cast his first vote for William H. Harrison, at a time when there was no tick- ets, each person writing the name of the can- didate of his choice. He has taken an active interest in the politics of his township, and has held the position of superintendent and other local oflBces, discharging his duties in his several capacities with ability and integ- rity. Mr. and Mrs. Hickard and all the family are earnest and useful members of the Con- gregational Church, of which Mr. Rickard is a Deacon and Trustee. The entire family are prominent in temperance work and all mat- ters tending to the material and moral ad- vaucement ot the community. Although caring less for pedigree than our English cousins across the water, yet we tacitly admit that tendencies and early train- ing have much to do with shaping a man's career through life. While Mr. Rickard has worked out his own prosperity and s^lv^tion, yet he has, no doubt, often drawn inspiration from the contemplation of the yirtues of his illustrious ancestors, whose example he has insensibly been led tq emulate. fOSEE|I FEJNTON VAN DE VENTER was born in Highland county, Ohio, J^ine 25, 1826, a son of Jacob Van De- venter, who was born in Loudoun county. Virginia, a descendant of the colonial settlers who came from Holland in the early history of this country. The father of our subject was reared and married in Virginia, but re- moved to Ohio, where he was a pioneer of Highland county; there he bought a tract of timber-land, erected a log cabin, and made it his home until the fall of 1832, when he sold and came to Illinois; he was accompanied by his wife and children, and his brother and family. The trip was made overland, and after a journey covering three weeks he ar- rived in Schuyler county, which portion is now included in Brown county; he made a claim to a tract of Grovernment land, bought a log cabin, and lived there until his death in 1833. He was twice married, the second wife being the mother of Joseph F. Her maiden name was Jane Rogers, and she was born near Paris, Kentucky, a daughter of Thomas Rogers; she kept the family together until her death in 1843. Joseph F. was a child of six years when his parents emigrated to the frontier: most of the land was owned at that time by the Government, the country was thinly settled, and the river towns were the only n(arket-places. He attended the pioneer schools until he was old enough to as- sist on the farm; the mother had rented land which the sons cultivated. In 1850 Joseph and his brothers, Thomas and Henson, and a Mr. Adams and his son, crossed the plains to California; they started with ox teams March 27, and arrived at Weavertown, August 27. They engaged in mining thirty-five miles east of Sacramento until the following spring, and then went to Humboldt, and from that point across the mountains to Weaverton; there they resumed mining and continued the industry until June, 1852, when they started to Sacramento. They turned their attention to feeding cattle now, and fol- 193 BIOOBAPHIOAL REVIEW OF CASS, lowed the business until 1853, when they re- turned to Illinois, coming by the Isthmus to New York, and thence overland to their prairie home. Mr. Yan Deventer and his brothers, Thomas, Barnett and Henson, com- bined their interests in farming and stock- raising, and bought land at different times, until they owned at one time 3,500 acres; Barnett and Henson are now deceased. Our subject was married in 1868 to Luti- tia Givens, who was born at Mt. Sterling, Brown county, Illinois, a daughter of John A. and Mary F. (Curry) Givens, pioneers of Brown county. Mr. and Mrs. Van Deventer have two children living. Homer G. and Lloyd T. They are both members of the Presbyterian church. He was formerly a supporter of the principles of the Whig party, but has been a Republican since the organi- zation of that body. He is a man of honor and unquestioned integrity, and has the re- spect of his fellow-men. ^UNCAN" TAYLOR, a well-known citi- zen of Rushville township, is a citizen '^ of the Republic by adoption, his native land being Scotland ; he was born in Perth- shire, in March, 1819, a son of Collin and Mary (Watt) Taylor, natives of the same shire. The parents spent their lives in their own country; they reared a family of eight children, named as follows : Jane, Thomas and John, twins, James, Margaret, Duncan, the subject of this biographical sketch, Ann and Catherine. Duncan Taylor and his brother James were the only members of the family who emigrated to America; James entered the service in the Florida war, and was never heard of after leaving Boston. Our subject was reared and educated in Scotland, and re- sided in that country until he was eighteen years of age. He then went to London, Eng- land, and there followed the baker's trade un- til 1843. In that year he emigrated to the United States, embarking on board a sailing vessel at Liverpool, which landed in JSTew York after a voyage of thirty days. He worked at his trade in New York city until 1848, and then started toward the setting sun. The city of Chicago at that time had a population of a few thousand people, but there was not a railroad entering the place, and stages ran to St. Louis and other im- portant points. Mr. Taylor engaged in work at hjs trade in Chicago, and remained there a year, coming at the end of that time to Rushville. At the breaking out of the civil war he abandoned his private interests, and in August, 1861, he enlisted in Company G, Twenty-eighth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and was with his regiment in all the marches and campaigns; the most important battles in which he took part were Fort Henry, Fort Donelson, Shiloh, Jackson, Miss, and the sieges of Corinth and Vicksburg. He was honorably discharged August 26, 1864, the term of his enlistment having expired. He returned to his home and resumed his former vocation, which he pursued a number of years; he was successful in his business operations, and at different times invested in and, until he now owns three farms in Wood- stock township. Mr. Taylor was married in 1843 to Eliza- beth Fourgeson, a native of Ireland, and a daughter of Daniel and Mary (Fulton) Four- geson. Four children were born of this union, two of whom are living, Robert and William, twins; Sarah and Mary are both de- ceased. Robert married Ann Beck, and has four children ; William married Adele Van- SOHUTLBB AND SHOWN O0UNTIE8. 193 davenor; Sarah was the wife of Richard Law- ler, aud Mary married Charles Reed; she left two children. Mr. and Mrs. Taylor are worthy and consistent members of the Pres- byterian Church. In politics Mr. Taylor is an ardent supporter of Republican principles. He is a member of Colonel Harvey Post, No. 131, Gr. A. R. He is a man of superior busi- ness ability, is honorable in all his dealings, and worthy of the confidence his fellow-men repose in him. ^ ^(H)-^ Ef jNDREW J. HEDGCOCK, a prosper- ous farmer and esteemed citizen of Schuyler county, Hlinois, was born in Davidson county, North Carolina, November 25, 1831, and is a son of John and Temper- ance (Bodenhamer) Hedgcock. Three gen- erations of the family were born in the old North State: the subject of this sketch, his father, John, and his grandfather, Elisha. The originator of the family in that State was Elisha's father, John, who removed to North Carolina from within sixteen miles of Baltimore, Maryland. This was about six years before the Revolutionary war. "Will- iam, an older brother of John's, was a sol- dier in that war; and it is more than proba- ble that John also fought with the Colonies for independence. Elisha, son of John, spent his whole life in North Carolina. He had four sons, all dead but one. His son, John, a farmer, removed to Illinois in 1884, with his wife and three children. The long trip was made overland with a one-horse wag- on, and consumed about eight weeks. He at first settled near Rushville, but afterward removed to Birmingham township, where he bought seventy-nine acres of wild land. On this he built a log cabin, 16 x 18 feet. in which his family lived for 8ix:teen or eighteen years. He then erected a nice frame house, where ho resided until his death, at the age of seventy-five years. He was well and favorably known in his com- munity, and was sincerely mourned by many friends. In politics, he was originally a Whig, but joined the Republican party on its organization. He was a devout church member, and interested iu all good works. His worthy wife died on the same farm, aged fifty-five years. Andrew is one of the eight children, seven of whom are yet living, nearly all in this county. He remained on the old farm un- til he was twenty-two years old working with his father at the cooper trade, and at- tending the subscription school. He mar- ried early in life, and rented a farm for two years, but at the end of that time he bought eighty acres that were but little improved, on which he built a log house. Here they lived for four years and then he replaced the old house by a neat frame one. He has 520 acres now, and it is divided into several as good farms as are in the county, all having fine farm houses and buildings upon them. Mr. Hedgcock has always been a strong Re- publican in politics, and voted for John C. Fremont. Ho and his wife are prominent members of the Congregational Church, he having joined in 1857. He was married April 17, 1855, to Miss Martha P. Hall, of Iredell county. North Carolina. She is the daughter of Robert S. and Annie (King) Hall. Her parents were married in 1819 and came to Illinois in the spring of 1835, for the purpose of freeing their slaves, of whom they had some eleven or twelve by inheritance, which they suc- ceeded in doing after several years of trouble and expense. They had ten children. Mr. 194 BIOOBAPHIGAL REVIEW OF OASS, Hall was a good man, and always acted up to his convictions of right and wrong. He lived in Indiana for some time and then re- turned to Illinois, and died here at the age of seventy-two. The whole family were very prominent wherever they lived. Mr. and Mrs. Hedgcock had eight chil- dren, seven of whom are still living: Robert S., born February 28, 1856, married Laura Balton, and they have three children; Mary J., born September 10, 1857, married Albert S. Glass, and they have one child; John F., born November 3, 1861, married Anna E. Wade, and they have four children. He is Township Treasurer, to which office he was elected in 1886. He is a farmer, and resides on his own farm. The fourth child, Bessie E., born June 14, 1864, married G-eorge Dorsett, and they have one child; Matilda A., born September 25, 1866, and Anna E., born May 16, 1875, are both at home. Lil- lie E., born November 8, 1870, married William E. Dorsett, September 10, 1891. All but two of the children have been at Plymouth High school, of which three are graduates. Most of the family are active in church work, and the occupation of them all is farming and stock raising. This is a family of whom the county may well be proud. ^ '^ g,ON. JOHN J . McDANNOLD, a promi- nent citizen of Brown county, is the sub- ject of the following biography, and is cheerfully accorded a space in this history. He was born on the homestead in Bea Ridge township, Brown county, Illinois, August 29, 1851. His father, Thomas I. McDannold, was born near Mt. Sterling, Kentucky, a son of John McDannold, a native of Virginia. The great-great-grandfather of our subject, Alex- ander McDannold, was born near Aberdeen, Scotland, and emigrated to America in colo- nial days; he settled near Culpeper Court House, Virginia, and spent the remainder of his life in that State. John McDannold re- moved from Virginia to Kentucky and was an early settler of that State; he improved a farm on which he lived the remainder of his days. Thomas 1. McDannold grew to man- hood in his native State, and came to Illinois. After his marriage he purchased a tract of wild land in Pea Ridge township; there he built a small frame house, and began the task of reducing his land to cultivation. As his means increased he made other investments in land, and now owns 500 acres. He was united in marriage to Mary E. Means, a na- tive of Kentucky and a daughter of Major John and Fatsey (Parker) Means. They reared a family of four children : John J., Thomas R., George R. and Clara. John J. received his early education in the district schools, and this training was supplemented by a course at the Quincy high school, one term at Farwell's English and Classical school, and two years at Dr. Corbin's private school. Supplying himself with the necessary books, he returned to the home farm, and be- gan the study of law. In 1873 he entered the law department of the Iowa State Univer- sity at Iowa City, and was graduated from that institution in 1874; December 25th of that year he opened an office in Mt. Sterling, and has since devoted himself to legal work. He was united in marriage, in 1876, to Miss Cora Harris, who was horn in Macomb, Illinois, a daughter of Dr. Ralph and Mary Harris. Two children were born to Judge and Mrs. McDannold, Malcolm and Helen. 80EV7LER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 195 Judge McDannold has filled various offices of trust and honor; he has served as a mem- ber of the School Board, has served in the City Council, has been Mayor of the city. Master in Chancery for seven years, and County Judge for six years; the last named position he resigned in 1892. He was made the nominee of the Democratic party for Congress at the convention held at Jersey- ville, in May, 1892, being the first man in Brown county to receive this distinction. He is a member of Hardin Lodge, Eo. 44, A. F. & A. M., of the chapter, and of Delta Commandry, No. 48, K. T. In his profes- sion he has been very successful, and has at- tained a prominent position among the mem- bers of the bar of Illinois. INOCH EDMONSTON, a member of the county Board of Supervisors, rep- resenting Bainbridge township, is one of the prominent citizens of Schuyler county, and is entitled to recognition in its annals. He was born in Carroll county, Missouri, March 2, 1856, a son of Enoch Edraonston, Sr.; the father was born in Buncombe county, North Carolina, July 20, 1801, a son of Baziel Edmonston, who removed from Maryland, his native State, to North Carolina, and thence to the Territory of Indiana, in 1808; he was a pioneer of Dubois county, and there spent the last years of his life. He was married to Hannah Rose, who was born in North Carolina and died in Indiana. Enoch Edmonston, their son, was reared in Indiana and was married there. In 1829 he emigrated to Illinois with his brother, spent the summer in Schuyler county, and in the autumn returned to Indiana. In 1834 he again came to the State, accompanied by his family; he made the. trip overland with two teams, camping on the way, and located on a tract of land that was afterward found to be patent land; he then removed to section 31, where he resided a short time, soon mak- ing a claim to a tract of Government land on section 29; he erected a house on this place, made some improvements, and lived there until he purchased land on section 32. As 1x6 prospered he added to his landed estate, and at one time owned about 1,000 acres. In 1855 he tented his farms, and went to Carroll county, MiSsduri, where he purchased land and resided for two or three years; at the end of that time he returned to Schuyler county, where he was living at the time of his death, August ^, 1872. He was twice mal-ried; the first wife was Susan Allen, a native of Buncombe coiinty. North Carolina, and a daughter of Daniel and Celia (Hyde) Allen; she died in 1854; the second marriage was to Sarah (Barbee) Newsom. Mr. Ed- monston was prominently identified with the best interests of the county; for six years he was Sheriff of the county, and was Treasurer for two yearSj discharging his duties with marked ability ahd fidelity. Enoch Edmonston, Jr., was two years old when his parents returned from Missouri to Illinois. He rebeived his education in the common schoolsj and had the advantage of a term at a business college in Quincy. For a period of three years he was engaged in busi- ness at Quincy, and with the exception of that time he has given his attention exclu- sively to agricultural pursuits; he now occu- pies the old homestead. He was married in March, 1885, to Nancy Ater, a native of Cass county, Illinois, and a daughter of John J. and Mary Ater, natives of Morgan county, Illinois, and pioneers of Cass county. Mr. and Mrs. Edmonston are the parents of four 196 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OF OASS, children: Belle, Roy, Floss and Fay. Inde- pendent in thonght and action, Mr. Edmon- stou has never been associated with any political party, but cast his first vote with the Labor party, and now gives his support to the organization known as the People's party. He is a member of Woodstock Grange, No. 443, P. of H. ^. ^ ^OHJSI KERR, Rushville.— America has Mi drawn her population from every conti- ■^ nent and all the islands of the sea. Ireland has contributed her quota, sending many of her sturdy sons, who have aided in the de- velopment and growth of the New "World, and pushed their way to the frontier, that the path might be made for the onward march of civilization. John Kerr, proprietor of the Schnylerville coal mine and one of the prom- inent agriculturists of Schuyler county, Illi- nois, is a native of County Fermanagh, Ire- land, born near Five-mile Town, July 15, 1840. His father was also a native of the Emerald Isle, but the grandfather was born in Scotland, although he spent his last days in County Fermanagh. The father was a weaver by trade, and operated a hand loom with great skill; later in life he became the proprietor of a shop, and employed several men ; the last years of his life, however, were devoted to farming, the land being leased; he married Rebecca Wier, a native of Scotland, and to them were born eight children. John Kerr and his brother Alexander emi- grated to America in 1864, the latter settling at Newark, New Jersey; they were the only members of the family who came to this country. Our subject was reared and edu- cated in his native land, and followed agri- cultural pursuits. He did not bring his family with him to the United States, as it was to them an untried land, and he wished to be able to return if the prospects were not fair. He was first located at Whitestone on the Hudson, his wife and children joining him there the following, year. Later on he went to Newark, New Jersey, and was em- ployed in the woolen mills until 1872. In that year he removed to Illinois, and pur- chased eighty acres of land, ten miles north of Rushville; here he lived a year, and then sold out, buying ten acres near Rushville. Two years later he had the good fortune to open a coal bank, and since that time he has been busily engaged in operating the same; he ships to northern Illinois and Wisconsin, and carries on a profitable trade. He has in- vested in lands at different times, and now owns one hundred and ninety and a half acres, lying three quarters of a mile from the courthouse. Mr. Kerr was united in marriage in 1862, to Miss Eleanor Bell, a native of County Fer- managh, Ireland, and a daughter of Robert and Ann Bell. Eight children have been born to them: Joseph, Catherine, Robert, Annie, Fred, William, Burt and May. Politically, Mr. Kerr adheres to the prin- ciples of the Republican party, and is a thoroughly loyal citizen of his adopted country. 'HOMAS W. SCOTT, deceased, was born in Montgomery county, Maryland, December 2, 1808. His father, Amos Scott, was a native of the same county, born in 1777, of Scotch-Irish ancestors, who were among the early settlers of this country. He was reared to agricultural pursuits, and re- sided in Maryland until 1814, when he re- moved to Kentucky. The journey was made SOEUYLEB AND BROWN COUNTIES. 197 with teams to the Ohio river, and thence down that stream on flatboats. Mr. Scott located near Georgetown, Scott county, and was engaged in planting until 1832, when he came to Schuyler county, Illinois, and settled on land in Buena Vista township, which his son Thomas W. had purchased; there he and his wife spent the remainder of their days; her maiden name was Nancy West, and she was born in Montgomery county, Maryland; she was the mother of two sons and live daughters. Thomas W. was a child of six years when the family removed to Kentucky, and there in the Blue-Grass State he was reared and educated. In 1829 he came to Illinois, making the trip on horseback, and located at Eushville, which was but a hamlet; the surrounding country was thinly settled, and much of the land was yet owned by the Government. He embarked in the mercan- tile trade at Rushville, opening the first store of the kind in that place ; he carried on a business there until 1835, and then returned to Scott county, Kentucky. He bought the Blue Springs farm, five miles west of George- town, and cultivated this land with slave labor; he lived there until 1851, when he sold out and returned to Rushville, Illinois. He was engaged in conducting a general loan and brokerage business until his death, which occurred January 22, 1885. Mr. Scott was twice married; his first wife was Adeline Johnson; she was born in Scott county, Kentucky, and died there in 1834; the issue of this marriage was one son, R. J., now living at Brookfield, Missouri, a phy- sician. The second marriage was December 20, 1840, when he was united to Catherine Fitzgerald. She was born one mile from Lex- ington, Kentucky, October 30, 1822, a daugh- ter of Jesse Fitzgerald, a native of Colfax county, Yirginia. The paternal grandfather. William Fitzgerald, was also a Virginian by birth, but removed to Kentucky, being one of the earliest white settlers there. On account of the hostility of the Indians, he with sev- eral others lived for some time in the fort at Boone Station. Later he purchased land in Fayette county, and resided there until his death. Jesse Fitzgerald was a young child when his parents moved to Kentucky. He was reared to the occupation of a farmer, and owned land one mile from Lexington which was cultivated by slaves. He mai;ried Lucretia Shellars, a native of Maryland and a daughter of William Shellars. Mrs. Scott has nine children living: Jo- sephine, Eugene J., Mary F., Thomas W., Catherine, Leonidas, Winfield, Mentor and Florida. The parents were both consistent members of the Christian Church. Mr. Scott cast his first vote for General Jackson, and was all his life an ardent supporter of the principles of Democracy. He was a man of much force and integrity of character, and his name is honored among the pioneers of Schuyler county. ffOSEPH HUNT, farmer, of section 2^ township 17, range 10, post office Vir- ginia, was born in Kentucky, September 19, 1824. His parents moved to Sullivan county, Indiana, when he was one year old. Here he grew to manhood, coming to Illinois when he was twenty-five and stopping two years in Sangamon county. From there he went to Cass county, thirty-eight years ago. His parents were John R. and Hannah (Davis) Hunt. Both were natives of Kentucky, and the grandfather was also a Kentuckian, who ived to be ninety years old. Both parents died in Sullivan county, Indiana. They had 198 BIOaBAPBIOAL REVIEW OF 0A38, eleven childreu, of which large family Joseph was the eldest. Eight of the children are still living. John Wesley died in JSashville during the war, being a soldier; Dora was killed accidently with a scythe, and George died in mature years, leaving a family. Levi, James, Sarah A., Mary, Elizabeth, Martha and Macia all live in Sullivan county, Indiana. Joseph enlisted in August, 1862, in Com- pany D, One Hundred and Fourteenth Illinois Infantry, and was assigned to duty with the army of the Cumberland. He participated in the siege of Yicksburg under General Grant. Erom there he went to the battle of Jackson, returned to Memphis, and was in that light; next engaged in the fight at Champion Hills, and from there went to the Black Kiver, where he built a bridge under fire from the enemy. He was under General Thomas at this time. He guarded a pontoon bridge for about six months, and while there heard of the surrender of Lee and Johnson. He was discharged in August, 1865, having served three years. Joseph was home but once during his service, and that was on a sick furlough. He had the erysipe- las while in service and it injured his eyes so much that he was nearly blind, and a furlough was necessary. He has never recovered from the effect of it. He receives a small pension, on account of heart disease. He was married on the farm where he now lives, to Durinda B. Freeman, February 12, 1854:. They have had two children: James Henry, the eldest, is married and resides in Leadville, Colorado. He has been keeping hotel until recently. He is now employed at the Government Fish Hatchery. He has one child, Bernice. Ida married John T. Drink- water, and lives near by. They have two sons, Ralph and Joe. Mr. Drinkwater is a breeder of road and draft horses. Mr. Hunt is a staunch Republican, al- though the' rest of the family were Democrats. He and his wife are members of the Cumber- land Presbyterian Church and are worthy people and are highly respected by their hosts of friends. Mr. Hunt does not belong to any social orders. RS. NANCY GREEN was born in Ohio, November 30, 1824, and lived there until two or three years of age, and then came to Kentucky with her parents. They were James and Lovey (Tolle) Tolle, both born in Virginia, who had gone to Ohio in an early day. In 1836 they concluded to move West and sold every thing except some household goods, and with a two-horse wagon came overland and first settled in Schuyler county for two months. They then came to Brown county and entered eighty acres of land and bought 160 more of that partly improved, and hewed out a log hut in which they lived until about 1850. They then sold out again and went to Grundy county, Missouri, where Mr. Tolle bought an improved farm of 160 acres and there lived until his death, but he had sold the farm before this. He was living at the home of his daughter Sarah when he died, aged about seventy-four years. The mother of our subject died at the same place, aged about sixty-five years. There were ten chil- dren, four of whom are yet living. The father was a wheelwright and chair-maker. The grandparents on the mother's side were Reuben and Tolle, and the paternal grandparents were William and Diana Tolle. The marriage of our subject took place January 28, 1843, to Mr. Hiram Green, who was born in Culpeper county, Virginia, December 25, 1817. He was the son of SCHUTLEB AND SHOWN COUNTIES. 199 John and Sarali (Newby) Green, who lived in Virginia all their lives and died about middle age. The husband of our subject came to Illinois about 1838, with some of his relatives, and worked by the month for some time, but was a cooper at the time of his marriage. He bought a farm of 160 acres in the county of Brown from a man who had im- proved it; but Mr. Green built a log house and there they lived for about six years, and then he bought another eighty acres and built a better house. There the family lived until 1873, when he sold it and bought his present farm of 240 acres on which are all improvements. He died August 2, 1877. He was a Democrat in his polities but did not bother much about them. Our subject and her husband started with nothing and at the time of his death had ac- quired as fine a farm as there is in the county. They were faithful members of the Union Baptist Church for years, and he was an active member, assisting in the building of it and was lamented by all at the time of his death. Mrs. Greene, the estimable lady whose sketch we are presenting, is well known in the township where she and her husband have shown to the world a life of married felicity. She has been the beloved mother of fourteen children and is not only esteemed above all others by her immediate family but by the neighborhood. We close this short notice with the names of her family. Mary Jane is at home; Sarah is married and has two children; Lovey M. is married and died leaving four children; Ann G. is married and has seven childre; Juliet is married and has five children ; William F. is married and has six children ; Celinda E. is married and has five children; Angeline is married and has four children; George W. is married and has three children; Purlina is married and has two children; Olive; Almira is married but has no family. Mrs. Greene looks after the farm herself and rents to her son George, who carries on a very successful mixed farming. i^^l|ILLIAM J. DAVIS, of Lee township, || was born in Adams county, Illinois, in 1845. His father, Washington, was born in Virginia about 1822, and his father, Edward, was a Virginia farmer who emigrated to Illinois in 1837, where he died at an advanced age, in Adams county. They came by land the most of the way. The mother of William J. was Nancy Chip- man of North Carolina, a daughter of David Chipman, who came to Illinois in 1835. She survived her husband. William Davis had a good common-school education, was reared to farm life, and this has been his vocation except a little agency as a salesman in fruit trees. He remained at home until twenty-six years of age, when he married Maggie, daughter of George and Hannah (Ferguson) Colgate. She was born in Pike county, of which her parents were early set- tlers. Her mother died about 1877. Her father is living, at the age of seventy-five. Mr. and Mrs. Davis settled on a small farm near Clayton in 1874. Three years later they sold there and moved to their present home in Brown county, buying sixty acres for |2,- 250. He rents part, and farms about 120 acres a year. They have been greatly blessed, and have not lost any of their ten children. They are, Charles E., Adelbert, Walter, Har- riet, Jackson, Julia, George, Belle, Mary and Nellie. This family is all comely, bright and dutiful; and are being carefully educated 200 BIOQBAPHIOAL BEVIEW OF CASS, Mr. Davis is a Missionary Baptist, he is also a Democrat, but is not strongly partizan. "While he has been very busy raising stock and engaged in general farming he has had time to become a successful bee-keeper in the last six years. He is School Director and a very active member in his church. His family is highly thought of in the commun- ity as is he himself. tEISTJAMIN" F. REBMAN, a farmer and dairyman, was born in Schuyler county, Illinois, at Pleasant "View, January 12, 1848. He was the seventh child in a family of nine born to John and Margaret (Huffman) Eebman, the former of whom was born at Strasburg, Germany, and the latter near the same place. They emigrated to America in 1830 and were married in New York city in 1832. They lived in New York State about four years, when they removod to St. Louis, and after remaining there two years removed to Beardstown, Illinois, where they lived four years more. At the end of that time they moved to Schuyler county and here they both died, Mrs. Rebman in 1877 and her husband four years later. Mr. Reb- man was a mechanic by trade. Benjamin Rebman, after the slight school- ing he was able to obtain in the country schools, at the age of eighteen, engaged in farming, working by the month for farmers until he had accumulated enough to begin business for himself. He has been engaged in the dairy business for some years and has supplied the city of Beardstown with vast quantities of milk. This taken in connection with his extensive farming yield him a nice income. He was engaged in the manufacture of brick, but sold out recently. He was married in this county January 1, 1879, to Mrs. Louisa Curry, daughter of An- thony Messeren, one of the pioneers of Schuyler county. He was a very successful farmer, being a representative of an agricul- tural family for generations back. He went from Germany, his birthplace, to the West Indies, when he was six years of age. The uncle who was taking him to America died on the voyage and the child was adopted by a West Indian planter. Here he grew to man- hood, and came to Illinois in 1832 and en- tered a large tract of land in Schuyler county, where he lived until the time of his death in 1859. His wife survived him for twenty- two years. They had five children, two of whom died in infancy. Mr. and Mrs. Rebman have had three children: Anthony, deceased; Gale and Her- man Blane. His religious views are those of a free-thinker; is Republican in politics. NDREW J. MEAD is located atHunts- ville and is the oldest physician in Schuyler county, as he has been lo- cated at this place since March, 1840. He was born in Henry county, Kentucky, April 4, 1815, being a son of "William and Mary (Scott) Mead. He grew to manhood in his native State, passing his boyhood on the farm. At the age of thirteen he commenced to clerk in a store and continued there four years. He then lived with Dr. Gosle, with whom he studied medicine until he was twenty-one and then practiced with him one year. He then went to Indiana, whence he came to Illinois and located at Huntsviile. He had been on a visit to Missouri, and on his return stopped in Huntsviile, where he met some SCHUYLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 201 old Kentucky friends who induced him to locate in this place. He has had a large practice and is well and favorably known. He married in Ueceinber, 1843, Mary J. Briscoe, born near Perryville, Kentucky, June 2, 1825, daughter of George H. and Eliza K. (Ewing) Briscoe. She died December 4,1891. They had four children: Alice, died, aged six years; Richard Homer, see sketch; William B., a physician in Kansas, graduate of Rush Medical College; and Clara, wife of Charles Everson, of Huntsville. Both sons studied medicine with their father and both graduated before they were twenty-one years of age. The Doctor is a Democrat in poli- tics and has always been an active worker in the party. He never accepted any office, as his profession occupied all his time. He is a man who is liberal in his religious views. No one is more highly respected and ad- mired than this same pioneer doctor of Hunts ville. ^ILLIAM C. BOLLMAN, Postmaster at Browning, is a native of Pike county, Illinois, born March 13, 1839. His parents were John and Rebecca (Hedgen) BoUman. Both were natives of Ohio and came to Illinois in 1837, locating in Pike county, where the father died in 1850, and the mother died in Quincy, of the cholera, when it was raging there. There were seven children by this marriage, and two by the former one. The brothers and sisters of William were: Michael, deceased; our subject was the next child; Samuel, still living in Pike county, married; John, deceased; Or- ville, deceased; Sarah Massey of Fulton county, Illinois; Mary O., married; Aaron Finton resides near Pittsfield, Illinois, The other two are dea4- William grew to manhood in Pike county, and married there Miss Amanda Preston, of Ohio. Her parents were John and , Hannah Preston. The father died when Mrs. BoU- man was a child, but the mother died in Browning with her daughter, Mrs. Bollman. Mr. Bollman farmed for many years in Pike county, and then removed to Browning, Schuyler county, where he lived until 1861 when he enlisted in Company H, Third Illi- nois Cavalry, as a private, and became Quarter Master Sergeant of his regiment- He served four years and two months, and participated in the battles of Pea Ridge; was with Sherman when he made the attack on Haines' BluflF, at Vicksburg; was at the cap- ture of Arkansas Post, and from thence to Hol- low Springs, Mississippi; did scouting duty in Mississippi, and afterward had a serious en- gagement at Gravelly Springs, Tennessee, and he was also engaged in many other skir- mishes and battles of less importance. After the surrender of the rebel armies, the regi- ment was sent across the plains to award the Indians, and remained there until Octo- ber, 1865. They were mustered out at Min- neapolis, October 10, 1865. Mr. Bollman returned to Browning, and engaged in farm- ing, and remained in that business until 1887, when he engaged in mercantile business. He was appointed Postmaster in 1890, and still holds that position. Mr. and Mrs. Bollman have had nine chil- dren, but only one of that number is living, Frank, now twenty- three years of age, is married and resides in Beardstown, Illi- nois. The Bollman family are of German and Irish origin. Mr. Bollman is a Repub- lican, though he entered the army as a Demo- crat, but changed his views while in the service, and has faithfully voted with the Re- publican party ever since. He is a member 202 BIOGBAPHIOAL REVIEW OF OASB, of the G. A. E., also of the I. O. O. F.' Browning Lodge, Ko. 309. He is a P. G., and has represented his lodge for two years at the Grrand Lodge of the State. Mr. and Mrs. BoUman are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Bollman was not the only member of his family who served iu the late war; a brother, Samuel, served three years iu the Ninety-ninth Illinois Infantry. Both escaped injury, except to general health. I IMON A. REEVE, who has long been closely connected with the agricultural interests of Schuyler county, is a native of the State of Illinois, born at Springfield, December 28, 1828. His father, John Reeve, was a native of New York, and the pa- ternal grandfather was born in the same State; the latter is supposed to have visited Illinois at an early day, as he purchased land in Fulton county. John Reeve was still a youth when he acccompanied his parents to Kentucky, and there he was married to Bet- sey Ross, a Kentuckian by birth; from the Brue Grass State he removed to Indiana, and thence to Illinois, being one of the pioneers of Springfield; he resided there some years before it became the capital city of the com- monwealth. In 1829 he came to Schuyler county, and settled in Bainbridge township on land his father had given him; the tract was heavily timbered, and there were no im- provements. Mr. Reeve erected a log house, and began the task of placing the land under cultivation. He resided there until after the death of his wife, which occurred in 1843, when he returned to Indiana; in a few years he came back to Illinois and located in Peoria county, where he spent the last days of his life. His death occurred in his seventy-fifth year. Simon A. Reeve was but an infant when his parents removed to Schuyler county; here he was reared amid the privations and hardships incident to life on the frontier; the country was thinly settled, Indians still roamed the prairie, and wild game was abund- ant. The mother spun and the sister wove all the cloth with which the children were dressed. Our subject attended the pioneer schools taught in the primitive log house, and in early youth began to earn his own liv- ing; for some time he received as compensa- tion only his board and clothing; later he had $8 or $9 per month, which he considered ex- cellent wages. He afterward learned the cooper's trade, which he followed a number of years, and at this vocation earned the money with which he bought the first land he owned. An incident worthy of note as illustrating the value of neighbors as compared with that of land, is furnished in the act of the father of the subject of this sketch: When he settled on 160 acres of land in Schuyler county, his neighbors were few and far between, and in order to secure a near neighbor, Mr. Reeve sold fifty of his 160 acres to a gentleman for $25, upon the condition that he would reside upon it. Mr. Reeve has been very success- ful as a farmer, and has accumulated consid- erable amount of property; to his oldest son he has given 107 acres, to another 91 acres, and now occupies a farm of 120 acres, which is well improved. Mr. Reeve was married, in 1854, to Miss Jane Orr, a native of county Tyrone, Ireland, and a daughter of Joseph and Mary (Burn- side) Orr. Two sons have been born of this union, William H. and Pulaski; the former married Harriet E. Ackley, who was born in Adams county, Illinois, a daughter of Latham and Pauline (Spangler) Ackley; their three 80HUTLEB AND BROWN OOUNTIBS. 203 children died in infancy: Pulaski married Mary I. Ward, and they have one child liv- ing, named Bertha. Mr. and Mrs. Reeve are consistent members of the Methodist Episco- pal Church. In his political opinions Mr. Reeve adheres to the principles of the Demo- cratic party. WALKER BECKWITH was one of the early settlers of Bain bridge town- "* ship, Schuyler county, Illinois, and is entitled to recognition as a member of that worthy band of men and women who pene- trated the wilderness of the frontier, and made the way for the onward march of prog- ress. He was born at Stephentown, Rens- selaer county, New York, August 17, 1798, and is a son of Elisha Beckwith, a native of New England, and grandson of Elisha Beck- with, Senior; the latter was a sailor and fol- lowed the sea for many years, visiting the principal ports of the world; he spent his last years in Chenango county, New York. The father of our subject was reared to agri- cultural pursuits; from Stephentown he re- moved to Chenango county, New York, where he was one of the early settlers; he bought a tract of timber land there, and erected a log house; he cleared a farm, made many valuable improvementss, and spent his last years in that home. He married Mary Walker, a daughter of James Walker; she survived him many years, coming to Illinois after his death; she died in Hancock county. E. Walker Beckwith grew to manhood among the primitive surroundings of Chen- ango county. New York; tjtiere were no rail- roads, and Albany was the principal market town; the mother spun and wove the cloth with which her children were clothed. Here he remained until he was about twenty-six years of age, and then pushed his way to Ohio; after a year spent in that State he went to Indiana, and while a resident of the floosier State was engaged in various occupations; he once made a trip on a flat-boat, loaded with produce, to New Orleans. He lived in Indi- ana seven years, and then came to Illinois, lo- cating in Schuyler county; as before stated, he was one of the early settlers in Bainbridge township, and with the exception of four years spent in Hancock county, Illinois, this has been his home for the past forty years. He married Mary Waugh, a native of Ken- tucky and a daughter of Thomas and Sally Waugh. She died in 1886. Of this union five children were born: James, Charles, Nor- man, Stephen and Emily J. Stephen resides on the home farm, and has the management of the same; he married Elizabeth Kline, May 8, 1884, and they are the parents of three children: Olie T., Fidelia and Min- nie E. Mr. Beckwith is a consistent member of the Baptist Church, as was also his wife. He is a man of honor and integrity, and has the respect of the entire community. I^-^ON. PERRY LOGSDON, a citizen of Schuyler county, is a man whose name is honored where it is known. He was born in Madison county, Kentucky, July 8, 1842, a son of Joseph and Lucy (Parker) Logsdon (see sketch of Joseph Logsdon). Until the age of eighteen years he passed an uneventful life amid the scenes of his child- hood, but this quiet was then rudely dis- turbed by the breaking out of the Civil war between the North and South. In 1861 he enlisted in Company H, Fiftieth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and served his country faithfully until the cessation of hostilities, 304 BIOOBAPHIOAL REVIEW OF GASH, July 13, 1865, being the date of his die- charge. He participated in every engagement of his company, and when the war was ended he returned to his home, with the rank of First Lieutenant. Mr. Logsdon was married September 5, 1867, to Miss Lizzie Byers, who was born in Schuyler county, Illinois, March 12, 1850, a daughter of William and Eleanor (Stutsman) Byers (see sketch of John S. Stutsman). Mr. Byers was born in the Blue-grass State, and removed to this county in 1847, where he spent his last days; the date of his birth is May 22, 1826, and his death occnrred Feb- ruary 24, 1862; his wife was born August 23, 1828, in the State of Indiana. The paternal grandparents of Mrs. Logsdon were John and Elizabeth Byers; he died in 1827, and she survived until 1857. After his mar- riage, Mr. Logsdon settled on land which is a portion of his present farm; the dwelling was a log house which was raised the day General William Henry Harrison was in- augurated President of the United States; there he lived six years, and then removed to his present home. He first bought 106 acres of choice land, to which he added 120 acres later on; to this he added two eighty-acre tracts, and is now the owner of one of the most desirable farms in the county; a portion of this land is rented, and the rest is devoted to general farming. To Mr. and Mrs. Logsdon have been born seven children, four of whom are deceased: Luella was born on the home farm, August 5, 1869; Julia was born July 31, 1873; Charles F. was born January 6, 1880. Mr. Logsdon has for many years been identified with the political movements of his county; he has been Assessor, was Supervisor two years, and has been School Director; in 1884 he was elected a member of the State Legislature, and in 1888 was re-elected by a large majority. He is a Republican, but carried a Democratic district. While a mem- ber of the Legislature he was on several committees of importance, among which were these on Penal and Reformatory Insti- tutions, Canals and Rivers, Insurance, Drain- age, and Farm Drainage. He discharged his duties with marked ability, and such was the dignity and courtesy of his bearing as to com- mand the respect of his allies as well as oppo- nents. Throughout all his career, Mr. Logsdon has borne himself with a deep sense of honor which has insured a name above re- proach, a credit to his ancestry and a legacy of great worth to his posterity. In the terri- ble conflict of this nation he was a brave, courageous soldier; in the private walks of life he has been as much the hero. He is a prominent member of the G.A. R. at Rush- ville, and takes an active interest in this organization. f WILLIAM MEYER, a prosperous farmer and stock-raiser of section 17, ® range 11, was born in Westphalia^ Prussia, Germany, in 1838. In 1849, he came to America with his parents (see bio- graphy of Fred Meyer) and has been living in this country ever since. Here he grew to manhood, obtaining a little knowledge of English and English books. While he is not a well educated man he has good judgment and is very intelligent He is the eldest of his father's family, of whom all are married and live in the United States. Mr. Meyer owns a well improved farm of 160 acres, all under the plow with first-class farm buildings, all erected by himself. Beside this fine farm he owns seventy acres of good grass land and 80HUTLEB AND BROWN COUNTIES. 205 eighty acres of timber land. These lands are all earned by his own hard work. He follows general farming and stock-raising and breeds cattle from a first-class stock. He was married the first time to Caroline Telkemeyer, born in Cass county, in 1845, where she was reared and educated. She came of German parents who came to the United States and settled in Cass county where they lived and died, the mother when young and the father, William, when about sixty-five. They were earnest members of the German Lutheran Church. Mrs. Meyer died at her home in this county in 1879, on Easter Sunday of that year. She was thirty- three years of age, a true, good wife and mother, and a devout member of the Lutheran Church. She was the mother of three chil- dren; Mary at home with her father; Minnie and Emma, also at home. They are intelli- gent young women. Mr. Meyer was married the second time in Schuyler county, to Lizzie Gise, of Hesse Darmstadt, horn in 1849. She came to the United States when a young woman with her father, John, thp mother having died in Germany. They settled in Cass county. Later, Mr. Gise went; to Ore- gon and died there when an old ipq.^. He and his family were Luthefq,ns. JVEr. and Mrs. Meyer have one child, Lucy. They are members of the Lutheran Churph, and are true, good people. Mr. Meyer is a Republi- can in politics. }ZRA JACKSON is a Hoosier by birth, % bor^i in Scott county, February 26, 1823. His father, Samuel Jackson, was in, native of North Carolina, and his grandfather, Solomon Jackson, was probably a native of the same State. The grandfather wag a powerful man and lived to the great 16 age of ninety-eight years. He enlisted three different times in the Colonial army during the Revolutionary war, the first two enlist- ments being as substitute. He served dur- ing nearly the entire war, and was very young when he first enlisted. He was a shoemaker by occupation, but also taught school, and remained in North Carolina until the formation of the Territory of Indiana, when he came there, too, and settled in what is now Scott county. He was thus one of the earliest settlers and pioneers of Indi- ana. He bought land and lived there until his de^th.' For many years he drew a pen- sion from the Government for his services and patriotism during the Revolutionary war. He visited Sphuyler county several times, but finally died in Jefferson county, Indiana. Samuel Jackson, the father of our subject, was quite a young man when he went to Indi- ana. He married and lived there until 1829, and then, accornpanied byhiswifeandfivechil- dren, all drawn by two yoke of oxen, hitched to ar|. Qld-fasl;ioned wagon, came to Illinois in search of a home. There was scarcely an inhabitant on the broad prairie then, and not a laid-out road in Schuyler county. He located in what is now Bainbridge township, moving into a vacant log cabin, which the family occupied for two years, buying in the meantime a tract of land upon which was a rude log cabin and five or six acres of cleared land, the remainder of the farm being heavy timber. There was little value then in stand- ing timber, no matter how large and fine, and accordingly the great trees were cut down, rolled together, and destroyed by the torch. This was necessary in order to clear the land for cultivation. Upon this farm he resided until his death in 1839. He was an indus- trious, exemplary citizen, and an honor to the great and historic name of Jackson. The 206 3100RAPHIOAL REVIEW OF 0A83, maiden name of his wife, the mother of our subject, was Esther Close, who was born within two miles of Albany, New York. Her father was a native of England, who came to America at the age of thirteen. He mar- ried a Connecticut lady, and came to Scott county, Indiana, in a very early day, being one of its pioneers. Our subject, Ezra JackSon, is one of seven children born to his parents, viz. : Zadok, Ezra, Calvin, Elizabeth, Jesse, Solomon and Mary J. When Ezra was five years of age, he was brought to Schuyler county, where he grew to manhood. He was reared on the farm, and remained there until the age of twenty years, when he commenced to learn the trade of a cooper, after following which a few years, he conducted a hotel for one year in Frederick. In 1865 he bought property at the corner of Liberty and Lafayette streets, Rushville, where he kept hotel for twenty years. He then removed the building stand- ing there and erected the brick store build- ing now occupying the site of the hotel. For some time he has been retired from active business. He was married, in 1846, to Emily Brunk, who was born in Morgan county, Illinois, June 8, 1829, the daughter of Jesse and Eliza (Day) Brunk, natives of Kentucky, and pioneers of Morgan county. Mr. and Mrs. Jackson's living children are: Owen, Felix, Mary Ellen, Effigene, Martha and Frederick. Mr. Jackson is a Democrat in politics. . t>=^ (D: ^ t ' i|HOMAS J. CLAKK was born in Hunts- ville township, Schuyler county, Sep- tember 16, 1853. His father, Harrison, was born in Logan county, Kentucky, Febru- ary 15, 1811, and he was the son of Abner Clark. The father of our subject was reared and married in his native township and re- sided there until 1833, when he emigrated to Illinois. He was accompanied by his wife and child, and his brother-in-law, Mr. Wijgus, and family. They owned a wagon together, and each one had his own horse, and in this way made an overland journey to Illinois and located in Schuyler county. When he landed here his entire wealth consisted in his inter- est in the wagon, his horse and $150. He lived at Mount Sterling one year, then en- tered a tract of Government land in what is now Huntsville township, Schuyler county. He wanted a quarter section of land, but that would' have cost more money than he had, consequently he entered eighty acres, and as soon as he obtained the money he entered the remainder of the quarter. As every other settler, he first built a log cabin on the place and commenced to improve his farm. For several years there were no railroads, and he hauled his wheat to Quincy, forty miles away. He commenced very soon to deal in stock, and was very successful both as a stock-dealer and farmer. He continued to purchase land until he had about 500 acres. Here he con- tinued until his death in 1883. His wife was named Lydia Coffman, of Hardin county, Kentucky, born August 3, 1815. Her par- ents came from Germany, and were early settlers of Kentucky. She died in 1860. Thomas was educated in Schuyler county, and two years at Lincoln University. In 1875 he went to Sedgwick county, Kansas, pur- chased a farm twelves from Wichita and there engaged in farming for two years, when he went into Wichita and engaged in the grain business. He remained there two years and then went to McPherson, where he engaged in the same business, there built an elevator and shipped the first car load of grain ever shipped from that station. After two years SCHUTLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 207 he returned to Illinois and purciiased the farm where h& now resides in Pea Ridge township. It contains 240 acres, and is one of the finest in the county. He was married in 1874, to Virginia, daughter of John S. Anderson. She was born in Huntsville township. Mr. and Mrs. Clark have seven children: Helen, Arthur R., Ches- ter L., John H., Paul, Marj A. and Stanley. Mr. Clark joined the Cumberland Presby- terian Church when sixteen years of age, and is an Elder in the church and has officiated both as Superintendent and teacher in the Sunday-school. Politically he is a stanch Republican, and is a member of the County Central Committee. In 1890 he was special agent of the Government to make note of the recorded indebtedness of the Twelfth Con- gressional District. He has served several terms as Secretary of the Mount Sterling Mutual Insurance Company, which office he now holds. Mr. Clark is well read, keeps posted on all general questions, is also a for- cible writer, and is one of the prominent men of the township. pOMAS R. WILLIAMS, Superintend- ent of the Cass County Poor Farm, was born in Bertie county. North Carolina, June 1, 1850. He is the son of 'Williamson A. and Margaret (Thomas) Williams, natives of Bertie county. North Carolina. The family is an old one in the State. The pa- rents lived on a farm until after the birth of six children, and in the fall of 1856 removed to minois by wagon, and settled in this fftVftred section, not far from Bluff Springs. They rented for two years, and then purchased the farm where they lived, when the mother died in May, 1884, three-score-and-ten. She was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Her husband remained on the farm for two years longer, and then went to Beards- town, and one year later came to Bluff Springs, and here spent his last years, dying in October, 1888. He was a good citizen, a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, a stanch Democrat, and a very worthy man. Our subject and his brother are the only members of the family now living. Mr. Williams has lived in this county since he was six years of age, and has been a practi- cal farmer since he was twenty-two years ot age. He took charge of the Poor Farm in 1887, after his brother had managed it .for eight years. It is located at Bluff Sprinsg. and consists of more than 100 acres of fine land. It is well managed by Mr. Williams. The average poor in attendance all the time is about twelve, and there js but one feeble-minded person among them. Our subject was married in this county to Sophia Reichert, born in Beardstown, in 1857, reared and educated in Cass county, and a daughter of Conrad and Sophia Rei- chert, of Grermany. The mother died in the prime of life, in Cass county. Mr. Reichert was married the second time to Mrs. Withroe, . and they live in Beardstown, now quite old. Mr. and Mrs. Williams have three chil- dren: Charles F., John F. and Howard, all at home. The family belongs to the Metho- dist Episcopal Church, and Mr. Williams is a Democrat. The county has the right man in the right place. ^ ^ fOSEPH M. SPENCER, an intelligent and progressive citizen of Ashland, Illi- nois, and an honored veteran of the late war, was born in Gibson county, Indiana, October 24, 1842. 308 BIOOBAPHIOAL REVIEW OF CASS, His parents were Joseph and Elizabeth (Hayhurst) Spencer, both of whom were na- tives of Morgantown, Virginia, the father of Welsh and the mother of German ancestry. They were married in Miami county, Ohio, removing thence to Indiana, from where they came to Morgan county, Illinois, in 1849. The parents and younger children later removed to Kansas, where the father died in 1870, leaving his family and many friends to mourn his loss. He was a man of superior intelligence and generous impulses, and was very popular among his associates, who keenly felt his loss. His devoted wife, whose greatest interest was the welfare of her husband and family, returned to Illinois after her husband's death, finally expiring in Morgan county, Illinois, in 1879, deeply lamented by all who knew her and who ap- preciated her many excellent qualities of mind and heart. This worthy couple were the parents of seven children, four of whom are now living: Job H., the eldest, died in Arkansas, in April, 1890, leaving two children, his wife having previously died; John D. served three years in the Forty- second Indiana Infantry, is now married and is a prosperous farmer of Gibson county, Indiana; William S. resides in Buena Vista, Colorado: he is a widower and has a family; Rebecca, wife of William A. Baldwin, lives in Loami, Sangamon county, Illinois; Amos and Simeon died in youth. The subject of this sketch accompanied his parents to Illinois when he was seven years of age, and his boyhood and early man- hood was spent in this State, in the quiet pursuits of farm and home life. These peaceful, happy days were disturbed by the Civil war, and young Joseph enlisted at Springfield, on September 15, 1861, in Com- pany K, Thirty -third Illinois Infantry. He was in the Department of Missouri, and was taken prisoner by the notorious Jefi" Thomp- son, at the battle of Blackwell Station, in October, 1861, and was paroled on the same day. Jeff said " they could either take the oath of allegiance, receive a parole, or be shot;" that he had "no use for prisoners." It was at tbis battle that Mr. Spencer saved the life of General Lippincott, a service which the General appreciated until the day of his death, and the heroic act afterward brought many courtesies to the subject of this sketch. He was offered a commission as Second Lieutenant, but declined it as a re- ward for doing his duty. We pause to ex- claim. In what other country could such an incident have occurred? Truly, America rears kings, not ordinary men ! Mr. Spencer was seven months under pa- role, when he returned to the right of his command, at Village Creek, Arkansas, and took part in the fight at Cotton Plant, which occurred the following day. Here, he captured Colonel Harris' horse, sword and two revolvers. This was the Colonel who commanded the Texas Legion in that engage- ment. Mr. Spencer was next engaged in battle at Port Gibson, May 1, 1863; he had been in several unimportant battles during the interim, but this was the next general engagement. He was at Champion Hills and Black River Bridge; after which came the siege of Vicksburg, where he dug in the ditches and was under fire for forty-seven days. Here, he received a sunstroke, and was sent to St. Louis on a hospital boat. It was then that he realized fully the saying that misfortunes never come singly, for, while en route, he fell down a hatchway, striking on his head and causing deafness in his left ear, from which he has never recovered. SGEU7LEB AND BROWN COUNTIES. 209 He rejoined his regiment at New Orleans, in February, 1864, they being on their way home on veteran furlough. Mr. Spencer re- enlisted as a musician, and accompanied the boys home. Afterward, he returned to New Orleans, where he did garrison duty until the Mobile campaign, when the regiment was badly decimated by a railroad wreck, which killed and wounded many men. Mr. Spen- cer was assigned to the Sixteenth Army Corps, under General A. J. Smith, and par- ticipated in the fight at Spanish Fort. He then went to Montgomery, Alabama, and thence to Selma, of the same State, whence he and the command moved forward to Meridian, Mississippi. From there they went to Vicksburg, and, later, to Yazoo, where Mr. Spencer was mustered out of ser- vice, November 24, 1865, after a continuous service of more than four years. His duty done, his thoughts naturally turned to procuring a means of livelihood. It was then that he turned his attention to learning the business of painting and deco- rating, which he has followed most of the time ever since. In 1866, he went to Kan- sas, where he remained until 1874, at which time he removed to Iowa. While in Mis- souri, in the winter of 1862, he met with a very painful accident, in which he lost one finger and had another severely injured, which, although not incapacitating him from work, has, at times, seriously interfered with his dexterity. In 1880, he finally returned to Ashland, Illinois, to which place he is at- tached by all the associations of his child- hood. Here he and his family have since resided, in a substantial and comfortable home surrounded by neat and attractive grounds, the whole place breathing the air of thrift and content. Besides this, Mr. Spencer is also the owner of other valuable property. He was married, August 7, 1870, to Miss Mary E. Gard, an estimable lady, who is a native of Morgan county, Illinois, of which place her parents, Ephraim and Paulina Gard, were worthy pioneers. Her eldest brother, John S., died in the United States service, while waiting for his discharge, after the close of the war. Mrs. Spencer was the second of six children, only three of whom now survive; "William, Mary and Lydia. Mr. and Mrs. Spencer have three daugh- ters, Ella, Anna and Lulu, all of whom are at home, the second being a teacher in the public schools. They are all highly intel- lectual and have been liberally educated. Mrs. Spencer and the two older daughters rae useful members of the Christian Church. Mr. Spencer is a straight Eepublican in politics, and takes an active interest in all public affairs. He is a prominent member of John L. Douglas Post, No. 592, in which he served for two terras as Quartermaster, and one term as Ofiicer of the Day. He is an An- cient Odd Fellow, to which order he has belonged for a number of years. Any one who has read thus far in the life of this noble, upright man, will not be at a loss to make deductions in keeping with his exemplary character. Unaided, he has at- tained to prominence and acquired a com- fortable income for himself and family, while his numerous generous qualities ap- peal successfully to the hearts of his country- men. ^ENRY CADY, of Huntsville, came to this county in 1840. His grandfather, Eeuben Cady, has been written up in the biography of M. E. Cady. His father was Horace Cady, and he married also a 210 BIOOBAPHIOAL REVIEW OF 0A8S, Miss Cady, but no relation. Mr. Horace Cady was a farmer, and emigrated to New York State, settling near Eochester. Here they stayed until 1840, when they came to Illinois, settled in Camden, and the father purchased 120 acres of land. He later re- sided tor four years near Farmington, Fulton county, then returned to Schuyler county and passed the remaining years of his life on the farm on which he first settled. He died January, 1851. His wife died JN'ovember, 1870. They had ten children, namely: Heze- kiah, died in Sacramento, California; Dane- ford, now in Camden township; Elizabeth, now Mrs. I. G. Cady, of Camden township; Lucia married Ferry Anderson, and is now dead; Henry; Keuben died in Camden town- ship; Orin died at Memphis, Tennessee, while in the army; Pbilinda married Cyrus Ander- son, of Huntsville township; Emeline, now Mrs. Kichard Mead, of Rushville. This large family have commanded the respect and esteem of every one wherever any of them have gone. Henry Cady was born in Otsego county, New York, December 3, 1828. He came with the family to Illinois, and learned the blacksmith's trade in 1849. He started a shop in 1854 and continued it for six years. He then settled where he now resides and purchased land, but still continued his trade until 1870, when he discontinued the black- smith shop and devoted himself to farming. He now owns 320 acres of land, on which he has made many valuable improvements. He follows stock-raising and has produced some very fine cattle. He has been Supervisor one term, and Road Commissioner still an- other term. He was married in 1855, to Emeline Plunk- ett, of Camden township. They have had eight children: Adelia, now Mrs. Edwin Elliott; Amelia, died in childhood; Amanda, now Mrs. Greeley Clark; Frank, died at eighteen; Everett is at home; Mary is also at home, and the youngest child is Stowell R. Mr. Cady is a Democrat in politics, and the family are members of the Christian Church. Mr. Cady is a man who has made his property himself, and has been a man of good habits all his life. ^ ^ E. JONES, prominently connected for the last twelve years, as division " road master between Bushnell, Illinois, and St. Louis, Missouri, of the St. Louis di- vision of the Qiiincy Railroad, with headquar- ters at Beardstown, was born on a farm near Baldwinsville, New York, February 11, 1847- He was there reared and educated, becoming early acquainted with hard work. At the age of sixteen, he enlisted in the Scott's Nine Hundred Cavalry, but before he reached the front he was overtaken by his father, and compelled to return home. In 1863, he en- listed in Nine Hundred of New York State Militia, and served until July, 1864, when he enlisted in Company A, One Hundred and Eighty-fifth New York Regiment Yolunleer Infantry, Colonel Jennings and Captain 0. K. Howard, commanding, and this regiment was assigned to First Division of the Fifth Army Corps. He fought as a brave soldier at Hatcher's Run, Petersburg, Weldon and Quaker roads and Five Forks ; was in the pur- suit of Lee, and was at Lee's surrender at Appomattox, where his company lost their First Lieutenant, the last man killed of the Army of the Potomac, and, later, he partici- pated in the grand review at Washington District of Columbia. He had many narrow escapes from capture and wounds, especially SOEUYLEB AND BROWN COUNTIES. 211 while serving as a scout for General Chamber- lain, and for the period of nine months his was one of the fighting regiments of the war. He was one of the first to obtain a piece of the famous apple tree at Appomattox Court House, where Lee held his last consultation with his staff and decided to surrender. He is honestly proud of his military record, and was honorably discharged June 11, 1865. His connection .with the Chicago, Burling- ton &Quincy Railroad system began in 1867) and after a period of two years' service with the bridge department, with headquarters at G-alesburg, he helped in. the construction of the large railroad bridges over the Mississippi river at Burlington, Quincy and Hannibal, Missouri. He was also engaged between Hannibal and Moberly, Missouri. Later he was assistant track layer for the new road, then known as the Hannibal and Naples, now part of the Wabash system. All these years he has proven himself a good man, and his promotion has been won by his own efforts, He helped build what is known as the Louis- iana branch of the Q. system, and after the completion of that road he became section foreman, and later extra gang foreman, which is on line of regular promotion, and after nini^ years was promoted to assistant road master of the St. Louis division, with headquarters at Beardstown. Two years later he became roadmaster from Bushnell to St. Louis. He now has control of 136 miles of track, with two yards, thus putting him over a large number of men. Since May, 1880, he has been the Q. road- master, and has achieved a just prominence by his indomitable energy and devotion to the interests of the company. He is a good citizen, and a leader in all local and public matters. For several years he has been a working member of McLane Post, JNo. 97, G. A. R., of Beardstown, of which he is now Past Com- mander. He is also a member of the Beards- town Lodge, K. of P., No. 207, and was a charter member and the first Chancelor Com- mander, serving for three terms, and is now Deputy Gi'and Master of the. district, and has taken an active part in all its work, and he is a member of the orders of "Woodmen and Work- men. He is also active in local politics, is Chairman of the Republican County Central Comrnittee, and has been a member of the Board of Education. He belongs to the Road- masters' Association of America, is an ex- Vice President of it, and is a member of the Execu- tive Bbard. He was married in Quincy, Hlinois, to Almira E. Stedman, of Pike county, formerly of Wilkes Barre, Pennsylvania. She was only twelve years old when her parents came to Hlinois, and she grew up in Pike county. Their living children are: Bertha, Anna, Al- thea, Ray and Almira Edrie. ^ ^ DWARD F. HACKMAN, a farmer of L section 26, township. 17, range 12, was born at his father's home, in this county, November 28, 1857. He is the second son and fifth child. His parents were John Fred- erick and Inglehert (Meyer) Hackman, natives of Hanover, Germany, coming of pure Ger- man ancestry. They came to America in 1835, with their respective families. They grew up, were married in Cass county, and soon afterward settled on a farm in Indian Creek precinct, and later, they came to Arenz- ville precinct, where they purchased their present home. They bought from time to time, and made improvements, and now have a beautiful home. (For further particulars, with regard to ancestry, see biography of Will- iam Hackman.) 312 BIOOBAPHIOAL REVIEW OF 0A8S, Edward was reared on his father's farm and remained there until he was twenty-liye years old. He has since tilled his own farm. He has resided on the farm he now owns for eleven years, and last year, 1890, he bought it. It is a fine farm, and he has made many improvements upon it. It contains 240 acres. He was married here to Amelia Jokish, an accomplished young lady, born and reared in the county. Since her marriage, she has been a devoted wife and mother. (For family his- tory, see biography of C. Gr. Jokisch.) Mr. and Mrs. Hackman are the parents of five children: Elmer, Orville E., Cora M., Mor- ton H., and Earl R. All are bright, smart children. Mr. and Mrs. Hackman are mem- bers of the Emanuel Methodist Episcopal Church, of which Mr. Hackman has been Steward for five years. He is a Republican in politics, and is very prominent in politics. Mr. John Frederick and wife have lived honored lives in the county, and their sons and daughters are a credit to them. The father and sons are all strong Republicans, and the former is seventy-five years of age, but he is in poor health, and for the past ten years has been retired from active business. He was one of the first members of the Emanuel Methodist Episcopal Church of this place. His wife is also a member of the same, and is seventy-two years of age. They have eight children living: Wilhelmenia, widow of Henry Winkle, residing in Beards- town, mother of three bright daughters; Her- man ; Sophia, wife of M. L. Korse, a hardware dealer of Beatrice, Nebraska; Matilda is at home keeping house for her parents ; Edward ; Sarah, wife of Philip Jokisch ; Henry, of the firm of Korse & Hackman, hardware dealers at Beatrice, Nebraska. Herman Hackman is a prominent young farmer and stock-raiser, yet single, of section 30, township 17, range 11. He manages his father's old homestead of 319 acres, and has run it on his own account for the past ten years. He was born on this farm. May 6, 1850, and was reared and received his first education in the county; later he attended a commercial school in St. Louis. He has always followed the vocation of farming, and is a hard-working young man. He, like his father and brothers, is a staunch Repub- lican in politics, and a Methodist in religion. ,R. RICHARD HOMER MEAD is a native of Schuyler county, born in Huntsville, January 16, 1847, being a son of Andrew J. and Mary (Briscoe) Mead. He was educated in Huntsville. When he was sixteen years old he enlisted in Company K, Eighth Iowa Cavalry, at Camp Roberts, Davenport, Iowa. From there they went to Nashville, Tennessee, and were on duty in the mountains during the winter of 1868-'64:. In the spring they were on the left wing of General McOook's cavalry, with Sherman's army on his advance on Atlanta, participating in the engagements of that campaign, besides other engagements. There was fighting every day for 100 days. They then returned north, and were the first forces to oppose Hood's crossing the Tennessee river. They retreated before Hood's advance to Duck river, where they prevented his advance until the battle of Franklin, in which they participated, also in the battle of Nashville, when they pur- sued Hood's army to the Tennessee river. In the spring of 1865 they were in Wilson's cavalry, and fought two engagements in the mountains in Alabama after the war was over, not having received notice of the sign- ing of the terms of the surrender. They 8CHUTLER AND BROWN OOUNTIES. 213 next were sent in pursuit of JeflF. Davis, to Macon, Georgia, where he was captured. Mr. Mead was then mustered out, August 28, 1865. He was taken prisoner on McCook's raid in the rear of Atlanta, but escaped in a few hours. One half of his company died at Andersonville prison. After the war he re- tiirned to Illinois and resumed the study of medicine, which he had commenced in the office of his father. In November, 1865, he entered the medical college at Keokuk, Iowa, graduating with the class of 1867. He then located at Huntsville, and practiced with his father until 1872, when he went to Texas and spent five years with the I. & G. N. Railroad Company. In 1878 and 1879 he attended the St. Louis Medical College, and then re- sumed practice at Huntsville, and continued until 1884. Dr. Mead had thus received a good medical education, but his literary edu- cation was limited to the schools of Hunts- ville; however, he applied to the Civil Service Commissioner for examination, and passed in the class of Burlington, Iowa, receiving an appointment as Pension Clerk at Washing- ton, District of Columbia, August 18, 1884, being the fifteenth man from Illinois who passed the examination. March 2, 1885, he became a permanent member of class 1, and in October of the same year he was promoted to class 2. April 24, 1886, he was detailed to the field as special examiner, and worked in Maine, New Hampshire and New York. December 28, 1886, he resigned his position, but being an honorably discharged soldier he can re-enter the service at any date, without an examination. He returned to Huntsville, where he resumed his practice, and where he has remained ever since. He usually spends the winter months in the Southern States. Dr. Mead has had a large practice, and has always attended to his patients re- gardless of weather, bad roads or illness. He was married October 3, 1889, to Mary, daughter of James N. and Martha (Parrish) Ward, and they have one child, — Clara Briscoe. Dr. Mead has voted the Democratic ticket for years, but now supports the People's party. He is a member of the Huntsville Lodge, No. 465, A. F. & A. M.; Augusta Chapter, No. 78, R. A. M., and Almoner Commandery, No. 32, K. T., also of Cyclone Lodge, No. 635, I. O. O. F., of which he is one of the organizers. He attended the Na- tional Columbian Medical Association at Washington, District of Columbia, in 1884- '85-'86. He is very active in G. A. R. mat- ters, is a member of George A. Brown Post, No. 417, of the Department of Illinois, and always attends the annual National Encamp- ment. ;ILL1AM T. TREADWAY came to Cass county (then Morgan) with his parents in 1829. He was the son of Edward and Elizabeth (Anderson) Treadway, natives of Maryland, raised near Baltimore. They moved from there after marriage, to Hamilton county, Ohio, and from there to this county. The family is English-Scotch. They had eight children, of whom the sub- ject was the fourth; only three are living, and he is the oldest. They are Edward, Owens and Elizabeth. The parents died here and are interred in the Monroe cemetery. William was born in Hamilton county, Ohio, August 22, 1819, hence was ten years old when he became a resident of Cass county. Sixty-three years of his life have been spent in this county, forty-one of them on his present farm. He was educated in the sub- scription schools, grew to manhood a farmer^ 214 BIOGBAPBICAL ME VIEW OF CAJ38, and followed that occupation all his life. He is now enjoying the frnit of his early indus- try, and is living a retired life. During his residence in this county Mr. Treadway has witnessed a wonderful transformation from a wilderness to a populous and prosperous community. His farm in this precinct was partly improved when he bought it, and this was his first real estate in the county, though he spent about twenty-one years here before this purchase. He is a Democrat in politics, and has held the various county and precinct offices. He owns 290 acres of tillable land, has a good house and fair improvements. His farming is divided between grain and stock-raising. The Treadway family has always been noted as a robust race, always enjoying long lives, and have been repre- sented in America for six generations. He was married in this county, in 1850, to Mary McHenry, who has borne him nine children, all living: Jacob, Margaret, Mary, Nancy, James, John, Louisa, Joseph and Jefferson. Two daughters and one eon are unmarried. The others are all married and are farmers, except Joseph, who is in the agricultural business at Yirginia City. Mrs. Treadway died in 1879, and her husband is 'still unmarried. — «*-,.i|^-j«-tf^i.-». ALEXANDER D. SIX, M. D., one of the successful surgeons and physicians of Yersailles, was born in Morgan county, now Scott, in 1828. His father, David Six, was born in Tennessee, in 1799, and his father, John Six, was a native of the Shenandoah valley, Yirginia, and his grand- father, the great-great-grandfather of the Doc- tor, was banished from Germany on account of his tendency toward mutiny, and settled in this country, where he founded the family of Six on American soil. The offence for which he was exiled from his native land was a small one, it being the infringement of the game laws with regard to hunting rabbits. His grandson, John, took a very active part in the Revolutionary war, and though a youth was one of the prison guards at Yorktown. His wife was Mary Duvall, of Pennsylvania, and they were married in the State where he was following his trade of carpenter and joiner. After marriage they removed to Tennessee, where their seven sons were born. This gentleman was a typical frontiersman and hunter, and was a pioneer of Tennessee, Kentucky and Hlinois. The father of our subject, David, and his brother, John, were the pioneers of that family to Illinois, com- ing in the spring of 1823, landing near Spring- field in June, making the journey with pack horses and bringing their families with them, David having two children, while his brother had but one. In a year or two they came to the western part of Morgan county, and their parents and brothers followed to Illinois a couple of years afterward, making the jour- ney with covered wagons. The entire party was very poor, having nothing but their out- fits and their willing hands, ready to engage in whatever offered itself. John Six had a family as follows: Abraham Six, died in Scott county, aged sixty-seven, leaving three sons and two daughters; Daniel, died in the same county, about the same age, leaving eight or nine children to mourn his death; John, the next, and his family are all buried, he dying in 1857, aged sixty-seven; Jacob, moved to Arkansas and died at an advanced age, leav- ing a large family; David, father of subject; Isaac, farmer of Scott county, where he died about the same age as his other brothers; "William died at the same age; Mary, wife of SCHUYLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 315 James Taylor, of Scott county, a farmer, and they had a medium family; Elizabeth, wife of Williani Parker, died in Arkansas, leaving a large family; Catherine is still living with her daughter, in Missouri, aged ninety years, and is in fair health of mind and body; she had five children; Nancy, wife of Simon Taylor, died when about seventy, leaving twelve or thirteen children. These children were all farmers, or the wives of farmers, and they all crossed the plains to Illinois. The father and mother of the subject lived on a farm of 140 acres, near Mount Sterling, whera the father died, aged fifty-nine years, leaving eleven living children and one deceased daughter of five years. The name of the children were: Nancy, wife of a Mr. Green, of California, has a large family; Martha, died in Missouri, aged forty-eight, leaving the nine children she had born to her husband, George Scott; Daniel, a farmer of Mount Sterling, has a family of two daughters and the same number of sons; Abraham, a farmer two miles east of Mount Sterling, has seven children; Alexander D., subject; Mary, died, aged forty-eight, in California, near Los An- geles, being the wife of Irving Carter, by whom she had six children; Isabella died when five years old ; William died near Mount Sterling on the homestead, aged fifty-four, leaving a wife and two daughters; Eliza- beth, now Mrs. William Bowen, of Knox county, Missouri, has six daughters; Cynthia, widow of W. A. Sieles, lives on her farm in Missouri with her seven children; Oliver P. and James K. are both bachelors on the home farm. This family is among the earliest of the settlers, and the Six prairie in Mount Sterling is named after them. The Doctor was reared to farm life and received his primary education in the log schoolhonses, with the puncheon floors and slab seats, without backs. The school that he attended, principally, was held in Mount Sterling. He left the subscription school at eighteen and went for a year to the Mount Sterling Academy when he was twenty-two. tion school of the neighborhood held in the log After this he taught school for four years, reading medicine all this time. He finished his medical course in Rush Medical College, Chicago, graduating in the class of 1859, beginning his practice at Mount Pleasant. He went to Colorado in 1860 and two years later made an exploring trip through Idaho and Montana. He spent two years in Colo- rado and four years in Montana, and was one of the nineteen who discovered the gold mines in the last named State, at Big Hole, not long before the discovery of the Bannock mines. He was interested in these and other mines during the four years he spent in this State, but returned home, across the plains, by stage, a journey of 2,200 miles, an easier journey than the trip out, which was made with ox teams. The Doctor bought his present farm of 400 acres about 1873, of J. P. Hambaugh for $9,000, with no buildings but the old log- cabin. He built his farm house in 1875 and his barns in 1880 and 1889, one being 36 by 40 and the other 36 by 48. His farm is a grain and stock one, he raising wheat, corn and hay, feeding his stock at home. At times he has as many as forty-two head of horses, which he raises from colts. He has built a warehouse on his own land, at Perry Spring Station, where they ship a great deal of grain and stock. This gentleman was married, in Lee town- ship, to Elizabeth Osborn, still living. They have three living children, but have buried one daughter, Jessie, aged nine years. She was a lovely child and her untimely death 316 BIOGRAPHICAL REV IB W OF 0A8S, cast a gloom over the entire household. The living children are: Charles, aged twenty - four; Fred E., twenty-two; and Mattie, the pet of the household, aged eight. Tlie eons are both regular farmers, and are now con- ducting the stock farm. Both have received a good business education, and are still single, residing at home. The little daughter is a sweet child and fills, to some extent, the ach- ing void left by her departed sister. The Doctor still practices, but only pursued his profession exclusively for about two years. He was of a great deal of use in the mines, where his professional skill was often called into play, at one time being blown up from a premature discharge of a blast of powder; the Doctor was injured, and it was some time before he recovered, having nar- rowly escaped death. This gentleman is a member of no secret society or creed, and believes in Democracy, but is hardly within party lines. He and his family are highly respected. ^. 4-®^ ^ tEVI DICK, one of the most prominent citizens of this section, was born in Simpson county, Kentucky, February 17, 1815, son of Peter and Christina (Shutt) Dick. Peter Dick was born in one of the Carolinas, and reared to farm life. He came to Illinois in the fall of 1829, bringing his wife and eight children all the way from Simpson county, Kentucky, where he had set- tled at a very early day. The journey lasted about twenty-two days, and they settled in Sangamon county, where they raised one crop, and then, in the winter of 1831, re- moved to near the present home of our sub- ject, buying 160 acres of partly improved land, nine or ten acres being broken, and a small log house erected on the land. In this cabin they lived for two years, until Peter rebuilt it, and in the remodeled house this esteemed gentleman ended his days, aged seventy years. His wife was born in the flame county as himself, and died on the old farm, aged sixty-eight. These two had eight children, five yet living. Peter Dick was a son of John and Dick, also natives of one of the Carolinas, who died in Kentucky, when very old. Subject's mother was a daughter of Henry and Polly Shutt, natives of Germany, who came to Illinois at an early day, dying here wlien very old. The entire family, on both sides, pursued farming to a great extent. Peter Dick and wife were very poor when they came to Illinois, and so were unable to provide for their children, who were forced to take care of themselves. Our subject was no exception to this rule, and everything he has was earned by himself. He remained on the farm, working with his father until his marriage. His education was received at the district and subscription schools. After his marriage, Mr. Dick set- tled in a log cabin, about 18 x 20, in which he lived until 1852, when he moved into his present fine house. The fine home and farm now owned by Mr. Dick presents a great contrast to the wild prairie found by his father and mother when they came to this region in search of fortunes. "Wild deer and game of many kinds abounded. Mr. Dick is inclined to think, however, that pioneer life had its pleasures as well as trials, as he says that the people were much more sociable in those days than now. Mr. Dick was married the first time to Emmatiah Leeper, in 1839. This lady was born in Kentucky, and was a daughter of Robert and Mary Leeper. Mrs Dick died on the farm where he now lives, aged about thirty-five years; by this wife he SOHl/TLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 217 had nine children, three now living, namely: Amos, married to Matilda Armstrong, two children; Robert L. married Amanda Sutton, three children; Martha A. married Alonzo Sutton, five children. Mr. Dick was mar- ried a second time, to Mary Morgan, born in Kentucky, died on the old home farm, aged fifty-three. She bore him two children, Eliza C. and George L., the latter now in Oregon. The former married N. B. Orr, of Delaware county, Iowa, born in 1856, son of Thomas and Caroline Orr, and they have three children. Mr. Dick's fine farm of 300 acres is man- aged by his son-in-law, Mr. Orr, who carries on a mixed farming, and waving fields of grain now occupy the prairie where, half a century ago, deer were found in flocks of sev- enty-five. Mr. Dick, like his father before him, is a stanch Democrat, and cast his first vote for Martin Van Bnren. Mr. Dick and his father helped build the first church and schoolhouse in the section, and has taken a deep interest in church and school matters ever since. He and his family are all church attendants and worthy, good people. ^ENRT W. TAYLOR, a prominent farmer of Brooklyn township, and an honored pioneer of the county, was born in Trumbull county, Ohio, in February, 1824, a son of Alexander and Betsey (Scott) Taylor, natives of Pennsylvania; the father died at the age of fifty-five years, and the mother died at the advanced age of eighty years, at Burlington, Iowa. The paternal grandfather, Matthew Taylor, was born in the north of Ireland, of English parents. If p emigrated to the United States in 1772, and settled in Pennsylvania; he died in Huntingdon county, at the age of ninety- seven years. His wife, whose maiden name was Mcllheny, was born in Ireland, of Scotch- Irish ancestors; she lived to be ninety-five years old. Alexander Taylor came to Ohio in 1810, and cleared a farm out of the heart of the forest. His wife, Betsey Scott, was a daughter of Nehemiah and Mary (Wick) Scott; her father was a native of Long Island, and was a descendant of Scotch an- cestry, and the mother of Washington county, Pennsylvania; both died in Trumbull county, Ohio. The Taylor family have been promi- nent in the affairs of both church and State, possessing great intelligence and culture. Henry W. Taylor received superior edu- cational advantages, and at the age of nine- teen years began teaching school ; he followed this profession two years, and then took a course of law in a private school. After his graduation he engaged in practice, but in a short time the California gold fever swept this country, and he determined to go to the Pacific coast. He made the journey over- land with four yoke of oxen, and was on the way from the Ist of April until October 22. He remained four years, and was engaged in mining during that time. He was married June 8, 1853, to Miss Cornelia Manlove, a native of Riishville, Schuyler county, Illinois, and a daughter of Jonathan D. and Sophronia (Chadsey) Man- love. Mrs. Taylor's father was born in North Carolina, came to Illinois in an early day, and was married in Schuyler county in 1826. (This was the third marriage in the county.) Mr. and Mrs. Taylor have three children living: Marian H. married T. D. Lewis, and has three children; Ida M. is at home; Fan- nette married Dr. J. E. Camp, and is the mother of three children. 318 BIOOBAPHIOAL BE VIEW OF 0A88, After his marriage Mr. Taylor lived in Rushville township, and was engaged in operating a lumber-yard and building a plank road until 1857, when he sold his entire possessions and removed to Brooklyn town- ship, fie developed a farm of 900 acres out of prairie and timber land, made many valu- able improvements, and has one of the best places in the county. He and his wife are members of the Presbyterian Church, of which he is an Elder. Politically he affiliates with the Republican party; his first vote was cast for Zachary Taylor, but at the formation of the Republican party he gave his allegi- sance to that organization, and cast hie suffrage for J, C. Fremont. He was Justice of the Peace for sixteen years, was Super- visor for two terms, and has served on the school board. In connection with his large agricultural interests, Mr. Taylor has carried on a mercantile business since before the war, purchasing his first stock in February, 1861. He makes a, specialty of raising fine, blooded stock, and has done much to elevate the standard in this section. He is a self- made man, and a citizen in whom Schuyler county takes just pride. fAMES D. THOMPSON, one of the suc- cessful farmers of Woodstock township, is entitled to the space that has been accorded him in this history of Schuyler county, and following is a brief outline of his career. He is a native of Crawford county, Pennsylvania, born March 30, 1823, a son of William and Mary (Peterson) Thompson. The paternal grandfather, Will- iam Thompson, Sr., was born in Ireland, and when a boy crossed the seas to try his for- tunes in the New World. He was a carpen- ter by trade, and followed his vocation all his life; he and his wife attained the good old age of three-score and ten years. Will- iam Thompson, Jr., was a native of the Key- stone State, and resided there until 1837, when he came to Illinois; he was a mill- wright by trade, and worked at that occupa- tion several years. Two years after coming to this State he purchased land in Brown county, on which ho settled the 14th day of May. In the fall of the same year his death occurred, at the age of fifty-four years and seven months; he left a wife and six chil- dren. The family then rented land for a period of eight years, and at the end of that time located on the tract purchased by the father. The mother died in Brown county, at the age of eighty-six years. Her parents, James and Elizabeth (Abbott) Peterson, were of English and German descent, and died in Pennsylvania, at the ages of ninety-one and ninety years respectively. James D. Thomp- son is one of a family of ten children, five of whom are living. He remained under his parents' roof until he was married; this event occurred April 3, 1856, when he was united to Miss Margaret E. Grosclaude, a native of France, born April 27, 1830. Her parents, James F. and Catharine E. (Jonte) Grosclande, emigrated to the United States in 1833, and located in Woodstock township, Schuyler county, Illinois; he died here Sep- tember 30, 1878, at the age of seventy-four years, and she September 15, 1878, at seventy- two years; they reared a family of eleven children. Mrs. Thompson's paternal grand- parents died in 1878, the grandfather Sep- tember 30, and the grandmother September 16. Peter J. Jonte, the maternal grand- father, was born in February, 1776, and died October 2, 1846; his wife, Susan Landon, was born March 25, 1774, and died June 7, 1842. 8GHUYLER AND BROWN OOUNTIES. 219 Mr. and Mrs. Thompson are the parents of six children: Mary E. is married, and the mother of three children ; "William J. is mar- ried, and has six children; Jefferson E. is married, and has three children; Emily L. is married, and the mother of a family of three; Charles W. is married; and Lorena M. is at home. Mr. Thompson has been prominently con- nected with the agricultural interests of the county, and owns about 300 acres of choice land; he has been School Director for twenty- three years, and has held other local offices, always discharging his duties with a fidelity that won the entire confidence of his con- stituency. Politically he afiiliates with the Democratic party. ^R. GEORGE W. CRUM, farmer and physician, town 17, range 11, section 35, post office Arenzville, was born on the homestead adjoining. (See sketch of James Grum.) Dr. Crum began his educa- tion in the district schools. From there he went to the Illinois College at Jacksonville for one year, and then attended two years at the State Normal School at Normal, Illinois. He then attended three years the Illinois Wesleyan College, receiving the degrees of B. A. and M- A. from that popular institu- tion. From there he went to Adrian, Michi- gan, to complete his scientific course. He received the degree of B. S. at Adrian, and completed a full classical course at the Wes- leyan College. He studied medicine under private tutors during his vacations, and then attended the St. Louis Medical College, re- ceiving the degree of M. D, in 1874. His close application to study had undermined his health, and be felt obliged to retire to the farm to recuperate. On completing his pro- fessional course he entered upon the duties imposed by the office of hospital physician, but this was terminated by failing health. He intends to resume practice during the coming year. He was married August 21, 1878, to Mol- lie E., daughter of Dr. David Malone, now deceased. Mrs. Crum was born in Posey county, Indiana. They have two children, Cora and Olga, eleven and thirteen years old. The Doctor is not an aggressive politician. He owns a farm of 160 acres of well- improved land, adjoining that of his father. Mrs. Crum is a lady of fine literary attain- ments, a graduate of the Athenaeum College at Jacksonville, Illinois. Her only brother is a physician there. Her sisters, Alice, Emma and Rosa, all married into representa- tive and prominent families. Alice was the wife of William Morrison, and died in Iowa; Emma became the wife of Robert McCurdy, of Princeton, Indiana; and Rosa married Elijah Needham, of Virginia, Illinois. She is not now living. Mrs. Crum is a member of the Christian Church, and her husband is a member of the I. O. O. F. and the A, O. U. W. They are very worthy people. fAMES HILES, general farmer and stock raiser of Beardstown, was born in Salem county, New Jersey, January 4, 1822 His father, John, was a native of the same place, was there engaged as a truck- raiser, and afterward ran a large farm in Manning- ton township, and still later was engaged in farming and truck-raising near Bridgeport. He died at the age of ninety-six, after lead- ing a quiet, peaceable life. His wife's name was Sarah Chrispen, also born in Salem 320 BIOGBAPHIOAL REVIEW OF 0A88, county. She came of an old Qaaker family. Her own mother and a sister were speakers among Friends for many years. She and her husband, however, adhered very closely to the Methodist Episcopal Church, of which they were working members. She died at the age of ninety. James grew up in New Jersey, and was married March 7, 1844, and about this time commenced farming in Marion county, and followed it for about nine years; then he ■was a butcher in Woodtown two years. He came here in 1856; first he engaged as a butcher and farmer at Brighton, Illinois, for two years, and then went to Greenfield. While at those towns he furnished the meat for the workmen on what is now the Quincy railroad, while it was building. He followed that business there for three years. He was a poor man-when he reached here, but has since acquired a good property. It is now thirty- one years since he came to Cass county, en- gaging first in farming. He has been very successful, because of a progressive nature, and because he understood the nature of the soil. He soon began the growing of sweet potatoes and watermelons, and this has oc- cupied most of his time for twenty-five years. He raises from 2,000 to 2,500 bushels an- nually, and a large number of melons. He is very well known, and is respected as a hard worker and a good citizen. His place consists of fifty-nine acres, where he has lived but a few years. He was married in Wood town. New Jersey, to Sarah Kidd, who was born and reared in Salem county, born in 1818. Her parents, Joseph and Jane Kidd, lived and died on the old farm in Salem county, New Jersey, members of the Presbyterian Church. Mr. and Mrs. Hiles have had ten children, among whom were two sets of twins, who died when young. The three living children are: Elizabeth, wife of Thomas Reeves, farmer and gardener, near Beardstown; James, a farmer in Cass county, and Charles, a farmer and trucker, near Beardstown. Mr. and Mrs. Hiles are good people: both have been active members of the Methodist Episcopal Church for more than fifty years. Mr. Hiles has never been a chewer or smoker of tobacco, has never been intoxicated, nor has he ever used a profane word. He has been a life- long Democrat. EORGE S. CAMPBELL was born in Missouri township. Brown county, Illi- nois, April 12, 1857. His father, WiU- iam O. F. Campbell, was born in Logan county, Kentucky, in 1815, and his father, Owen Campbell, was a native of Orange county, North Carolina, while his father, John Canapbell, came from Ireland to Amer- ica in Colonial times, and served in the Revo- lutionary war. The grandfather of our subject went to Kentucky with his parents when quite young. He was married to Mary, the daughter of William Clark, a native of North Carolina, and a soldier in the Revolutionary war. Owen Campbell resided in Logan county until his death, during the war of 1812. He greatly opposed England and was killed during a dispute relating to the great measures which were then attracting the at- tention of everyone. He left a farm of sixty- two acres. The father of our subject resided in Kentucky until 1835, when he emigrated to Illinois, and settled on that part of Schuy- ler county now included in Brown county. He had a tract of land in what is now Mis- souri township, but at that time they were included in Schuyler county. Here he re- SCEUTLEB AND BROWN COUNTIES. 331 sided until his death in 1891. His wife, wiiose maiden natne was Caroline Stubble- field, was born in Kentucky, in 1819, and died in 1870. He was a firm member of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, but after coming to Illinois he united with the Chris- tian Church, and served as an Elder seven years ; and also preached. He was a great bible student, and a Democrat in politics. He also served as Justice of the Peace for seven years. George S. Campbell was educated at the Mt. Sterling schools. He lived with his father until 1872. At that time he began to learn the printer's trade in the office of the Gazette of Mt. Sterling, and this has been his business ever since. He has worked at his trade in different places, and in 1878 purchased the Examiner, a weekly paper devoted to- the interests of the people in gen- eral, and the Democratic party in particular. He was married, in 1886, to Miss Alta M. Larkin, born in Brown county, daughter of John and Mary Larkin. They have had two children, Earl and Elsie. Mr. Campbell is a Democrat in politics, and is a member of Jeph^ tha Lodge, No. 100, 1. O. O. F., and also the Encampment of the I. O. O. F., the \. O. M. A. and Modern "Woodmen. fOHN W. SEAMAIS", an qld represent- ative citizen and successful stock raiser, was born in Jefferspn county, Virginia^ six miles north of Harper's Ferry, Septem- ber 21, 1820. His father, Joseph, was also a native of Je:pferson county, and was en- gaged thpre for years as a boatman on the Shenandoah and Potomac rivers, and kept a public inn for some time. His parents, who lived ^nd died there, were American born, but of German ancestry, the father being in 16 the Revolutionary war. Joseph J. was a soldier in a Virginia regiment, was in many engagements, and for some time was stationed at Baltimore, Maryland. His wife was Nancy Deaver, who was born and reared in Jefferson county, and came of similar ancestry as her husband. After the birth of their children, of whom our subject is the youngest, Joseph Seaman and wife, in the spring of 1832, came West, taking a boat at Wheeling, and came down the Ohio, and up the Mississippi and Illinois rivers, and landed at Beardstown when it was a hamlet of a few houses. There the family lived for some years, Mr. Seaman fol- lowing the trade of carpenter. He later went to Frederick, Schuyler county, and there died when sixty years of age. His wife died the next day, at about the same age. They had many acquaintances among the pio- neers of Cass county. John is the only surviving member of the family that came from Virginia to Hlinois, He came herein 1832, found it new and un- broken, and has lived to note the many changes that have taken place during the past thirty years. I|e reached here about the time the Indians Ipft the county, and hence has been closely connected with all pioneer his- tory. He has seen the county settled, all the roads laid out and built, all the school houses built, all the railroads and all the other im- provements made that have made this the garden spot of Cass county. His farm of about 500 acres, highly improved and well stocked, is located in section 16, township 18, range 11 west. He can boast of the character of his soil, except 100 acres on a sand ridge, and sixty-live acres in the bluffs. He purchased the place in 1852, and its present substantial condition is due to his perseverance and industry. 222 BIOORAPHIGAL REVIMW OF GA88, He was married in this county, to Mary E. Thompson, born in New York, in 1828. She came to this county with her parents, George B. and Hannah Thompson, late in the '30s. Both lived and died in the county, Mr. Thompson being a farmer, and at one time a merchant in Beardstown. Mr. and Mrs. Thompson were quite well known as pioneer settlers of this county, the former dying in Beardstown, about seventy years of age, and the latter in 1850. Mrs. Seaman was one of five children. A brother, Seth Thompson, now at the soldier's home at Quincy, Illinois, and Mrs. Seaman, are the only remaining members of the family. Mr. and Mrs. Seaman are members of no church, but are good, moral people, and are beloved by all who knew them. He is not an office seeker, but is a decided Democrat in politics. They are the parents of eleven children, four of whom are dead: Frank, Harriet, Charles and an infant. Those living are: John, a farmer on the old homestead, mar- ried Ida Kruse; George, a machinist living in Cass county, married Susie Reiket; Fred, at home helping on the farm; Hannah Hea- ton, living in Washington, on a farm ; Cora, wife of James Heaton, also lives in Wash- ington; Anna S. Pearn, near Virginia, Illi- nois; and Bertha S. Hale, of Springfield, Illinois. The entire family are excellent people, and excellent representatives of Cass county. iiZARIAH LEWIS, a prosperous and influential farmer of Cass county, Illi- nois, residing in township 18, range 9 west, was born in Washington county, Ken- tucky, March 15, 1813, and is a son of Will- iam and Elizabeth (Burns) Lewis. The Lewis branch of the family is of Welsh ancestry, while that of Burns descended from German ancestry. The father of our subject par- ticipated in the war of 1812, for which he also received a pension and a soldier's war- rant, which were contined to his widow. He was born in Virginia, and accompanied his parents to Kentucky at an early day. He continued to reside in the latter State until 1828, and then, with his wife and seven chil- dren, started for Illinois, at that time the ex- treme frontier. They made the journey with a two-wheeled cart, which was drawn by a pair of small oxen, preceded by horses. They were four weeks on the journey, and most of the family came on foot. They were among the very earliest settlers of Illinois, the country being then wild and abounding with game. On their arrival in Morgan (now Cass) county, they had only fifty cents between them ; and all who were able went out to work by the day and month — worked on farms, split rails, and did whatever they found to do. The honest, hard-working father was finally enabled to enter forty acres of Government land, in Mason county, where he built a small cabin, in which he resided until his death in 1844, at the age of fifty-five years. His de- voted wife survived him many years, dying at the age of seventv-eight years, on the original forty acres which she had assisted in reclaiming from a wilderness. By her careful nianagement she had accumulated a nice little property. She was the mother of eleven children, of whom, as far as known, five now survive. The subject of this sketch attended a sub- scription school for a short time in his youth, but owing to his father's limited means and the scarcity of schools he had but few educa- tional opportunities. He continued to reside at home until his marriage, working on farms SCHUYLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 333 in his vicinity by the day and month. After his marriage, he settled on a farm in the eastern part of Cass county, which he rented and worked on shares by the month, where he continued for four or five years. He then bought forty acres of fertile farming land, on which he built a log cabin, 16 x 16 feet, into which he and his family moved. Here he continued to live and industriously improved his farm, for two years. At the eud of this time, he sold out and again rented land, on which he lived for about five years. He then bought forty more acres of partly im- proved land, which he continued to work for seven or eight years, when he again sold ont and bought 110 acres in the immediate vicinity. On this latter place, he continued to live until 1856, at which time he pur- chased his present farm. Here he now has 120 acres, which he has carefully cultivated to mixed farming, besides which he has made a specialty of stock-raising, having now some very line specimens of cattle. By unremit- ting industry, able management and careful economy, he has prospered, and is now vir- tually retired from active business, and is en- joying in comfort the fruits of his early toil. Mr. Lewis first was married in February, 1832, to Miss Sarah Graham, an intelligent lady, who was an orphan, and a native of Green county, Kentucky. By this marriage, there were seven children, five of whom are yet living: the elder, Elizabeth, is married and has seven children and ten grandchildren; Nancy Jane W. is married and has eleven children and sixteen grandchildren; Mary A. married, has four children and two grandchil- dren; Caroline, married, has five children and one grandchild; Kilbourn, married, has eight children. The devoted wife and mother died in 1863, aged forty-six years, leaving her fam- ily and many friends to mourn her loss. October 4, 1864, Mr. Lewis was again married, his second wife being Mary E. Clark, an estimable lady, who was born in Marietta, Ohio, August 28, 1823. Her parents were John S. and Mary E. (Pearse) Clark, both natives of Ohio. Grandfather Pearse was a brave soldier in the Revolutionary war, and drew a pension for his services in that struggle. Her father was born in Cincin- nati, and was an old sailor and river boat- man. In 1826 he brought a boat load of saltto Illinois, landing at Beardstown. Thence he proceeded to Morgan county, where he settled on a farm, on which he continued to live until three years previous to his death. He then sold out and bought property in town, where he resided, retired from business pursuits, until his death, at the age of seventy- three years. He was a very energetic man and was popular among his associates, being widely known throughout this State. His wife died at the same place as her husband, aged sixty-five years. She was an intelligent woman of kindly impulses, and much beloved by those who knew her. Tliey were the pa- rents of fourteen children, of whom, as far as known, three or four now survive. By the pecond marriage Mr. A. Lewis has one son, Charles, born July 4, 1868, who is now married and has one child. Whatever success has blessed Mr. Lewis' efforts is entirely due to his own persistence and intelligence, and he richly deserves the prosperity which he now enjoys. jORMAN" PARSONS, now retired and M living quietly at his home at the corner of Fifth and Washington streets, is one of the old settlers, having come here in 1854. He was born in Hartford, Connecticut, No- vember 6, 1811, and was a child only a few 224 BIOOBAPHIOAL REVIEW OP CA88, years old when his parents, Moses andElsiby (Pease) Parsons, with a colony of twenty families, during the war of 1812, came over- land with teams to Geauga county, Ohio. They arrived in June, 1814, and made a set- tlement in the heavy timber of that new, un- broken country, surrounded by Indians and plenty of game. He there lived until the country was well improved, when he died some years ago at the advanced age of eighty- seven years. His wife had died some five years before. Tliej were Methodists, and the father and seven sons were all Republicans. Norman Parsons served with his State militia, went through all the promotions from First Lieutenant to Colonel of his regiment. He was one of the organizers of the G. A. R. at Beardstown. After his arrival in Beardstown he became a member of the firm of Fischer & Parsons, wagon manufacturers, who did business for two years. A company was then established known as Putnam & Parsons, doing a general tombstone business. This continued for two years, and at this time Mr. Parsons bought a stock of goods at Falls City, Nebraska, where he lived for one year, and then returned to this county, where he secured and began to improve 175 acres of land near Beardstown. Here he continued until 1861, when he en- listed in the Third Illinois Cavalry and was soon after made Sergeant of Company C. He served three years in the army of the West. At Germantown, Tennessee, he veteranized and was made First Sergeant of Company F. of Third Illinois Cavalry, re-organized, and served until the fall of Richmond. He returned to St. Louis, Missouri, with his regiment in 1865, and later was sent to Fort Snelling, Minnesota, to protect the whites against the Indians. He was honorably dis- charged at St. Paul, Minnesota, June 20, 1865. He was in all the great battles of his division of the army, and had many narrow escapes, and at one time was surrounded by General Forrest's men and made his escape only by his military tactics. He was a man of daring and bravery. He returned to Beardstown in 1865, made a trip to Nebraska on horseback, and spent some time there look- ing after his real-estate interests. He was appointed Postmaster of this place by President Grantin his first term, and held it for eighteen years consecutively, and had in the meantime served as Justice of the Peace. He was one of the organizers of tiie Republican party in Geauga county, Ohio, and was vice-president of the first anti-slavery society organized in that section. He was first married in Ohio, to Amanda F. King, who died in 1852, aged thirty-four. She left two sons: Melbourne, living in Beardstown, and William; both of these gen- tlemen made very fine records indeed in the war of the rebellion. Mr. Parsons was mar- ried a second time to Mrs. Catherine Saun- ders. She has three children by a former marriage, namely: John, a mercantile book- keeper; George, who was a member of Bat- tery B, Second Illinois Light Artillery, in the late war; and Elva J., a lady of superior talent, and a teacher in the high school, and is now the wife of Mr. Saunders. QUIRE JAMES M. WATKINS, a popular Justice of the Peace and one of the most prosperous farmers of Cass county, Illinois, residing in township 18, range 9, was born in Richmond precinct, same county, February 5, 1839. His parents were Elijah and Lydia A. (Montgomery) Watkins, both natives of Ken- aCHUTLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 235 tucky, the former born in Green connty, in 1797, and the latter a native of Hart county. His father's parents were Samuel and Mary (McClure) Watkins, the former a native of "Wales and the latter of Maryland. Samuel Watkins came to America when a very young man and settled in Maryland, where he was married, and whence he removed to Ken- tucky. He was a prominent pioneer of the latter State, in which he made his home for many years, and where he died at the age of eighty-five years. His wife also died in that State, aged sixty-five or seventy years. They were the parents of twelve children, eleven of whom survive. Two of these, Lewie and Hank, were brave and efficient soldiers iu the war of 1812. The mother of this subject was a daughter of Simpson and Salie (Gum) Montgomery. She was one of five children, two of whom were half brothers. Her father was of Scottish descent, his parents never com- ing to America, and her people were mostly farmers. Her father was a boatman, and lost his life by being struck on the head with a gun. The father of the subject of this notice re- sided at home until he attained the age of nineteen. He then worked for a while by the day and month in Kentucky until he had ac- cumulated some means, and when, about the year 1833-'34:, he emigrated with his wife to Illinois, at that time the frontier of civiliza- tion. They came overland with one wagon, drawn by oxen, and brought some stock. They first located in Wayne county, but shortly afterward removed to Menard county, where he continued to live until 1838, when he sold out and came to Cass county. Here he first rented land for five or six years, then bought eighty acres, a few of which were broken, and the place having an old log house on it. This house served as their home for about a year, when it was replaced by a better one. The father was an exceedingly energetic man, and his success in this new country was a foregone conclusion. He added, from time to time, to his original pur- chase, until he possessed 300 acres of choice- farming land, 160 of which was received from the Government. His death occurred on the old homestead in 1884, to the great sorrow of many friends, who esteemed him for his ability, industry and uprightness of character. He and his worthy wife were earnest and useful members of the Primitive Baptist Church, and he helped to build the first church in his locality. He displayed his usual activity in church and all good work, and acted as a Deacon for many years. The subject of this sketch was reared to farm work and attended subscription school during the winters, working on his father's farm in the summer. Owing to his busy life, his education was limited, and he is es- sentially a self-educated and self-made man. Extensive reading, supplemented by excellent judgment and an active mind, have combined to render himself successful in life and a leader among men. He lived at -home until after his marriage, and the following year moved to his father-in-law's farm, on which he remained until the next year. He then bought twenty-five acres, a few of which were broken, and built on it a box house, 16 x 18 feet. He and his family lived in this house for twelve or fourteen years, when he erected his present substantial and comfortable home. He has lived on the same place ever since, which now contains 120 acres, devoted to mixed farming, and is one of the finest farms in the county. He was married June 14, 1859, to Miss Nancy Jane Lewis, an estimable lady and a daughter of Azariah and Sarah Lewis, a 226 BIOGRAPHIOAL REVIEW OF 0A8B, sketch of whom appears in this work. She was born April 4, 1842. They have eleven children, as follows: Sarah E., born March 10, 1860, married H. Spealda, and they have seven children; they live in South Dakota; Charles L., born October 16, 1861, married Susan McNeil, a native of this county; they have three children; Simpson Lee, born November 13, 1863, married Ida Taylor, and lives in Chandlerville; William B., born De- cember 28, 1867, married Belle Miller, and they have two children; he lives in this neighborhood; Laura, born December 15, 1865, married James Cooper, and they have three children; John R., born March 29, 1870, married -iDora Lucas, and they have one child; Azariah, born August 20, 1872. Stella M., born December 19, 1874; Miamia B., born June 16, 1877; Josephine, born August 28, 1880; Casper, born June 25, 1884. All of Mr. Watkins' children have had educational advantages. Mr. Watkins is an old Andrew Johnson Democrat, and cast his first vote for Stephen A. Douglas. With the exception of his vote cast for General Weaver for President, he has voted a straight Democratic ticket ever since. Acknowledging his ability, his con- stituents have sought the advantage of his judgment and exjierience by electing him to various local offices. He went from the school room to the position of school director, in which capacity he has served ever since. He has held the responsible position of Justice of the Peace for twenty years, dis- charging his duties with justice and impar- tiality. His wife is a faithful member of the Prim- itive Baptist Church, and, both by her in- influence and means, contributes to its sup- port. Mr. Watkins' life is a brilliant example of what may be accomplished by intelligent and persistent effort, which not only insure ma- terial prosperity but also crown their vota- ries with honor and happiness. DAM P. SEASLY, a progressive and enterprising young farmer of Oakland township, was born in Carroll county, Maryland, in 1860. His father, Adam Seasly, now a resident of Adams county, Pennsyl- vania, is a native of Germany, but emigrated to America when a young man; he was reared to the life of a farmer, and also mas- tered the blacksmith's trade in his own country. After arriving in this country he went directly to Pennsylvania, and there was married to Elizabeth Cook, a daughter of Benjamin Cook; she died in early woman- hood in Pennsylvania, leaving two sons and a daughter: Mary, Adam P. and George; Mary died in infancy, and George lived only a few years. At the age of three years Adam P. was taken by Henry RifSe, and under his care was reared to manhood. In the spring of 1869 Mr. Riffle came from Pennsylvania to Illinois, and located at Ver- mont, Pulton county; he was a plasterer by trade, and followed that calling in connec- tion with farming. Mr. Riffle had no chil- dren of his own, but adopted a son and daughter, for whom he carefully provided. Adam P. Seasly, the son, was given a good education, and was taught the printer's trade. Mr. Seasly was married in 1881, to Miss Rebecca E. Kost, of Fulton county, Illinois, a daughter of John and Catherine Kost, natives of Pennsylvania. Mr. Kost is a car- penter and farmer, and in 1850 he emigrated to Illinois and settled in Fulton county. He is now one of the wealthiest resident land SCHUTLEB AND BROWN COUNTIES. 337 owners in this section, but is retired from active business pursuits. Mr. Seasly engaged in agricultural pursuits in Fulton county, which he continued Until 1885, when he re- moved to his present farm of eighty acres; he rents an additional eighty acres, and is carrying on a successful business. To him and his wife have been born three child ren ; Eoss H., Edgar and Ruth. Politically our subject affiliates with the Democratic party; he has served as School Trustee, and has always been a liberal sup- porter of home industries and enterprises. pHOMAS P. PARROTT, an inteUigent and public-spirited citizen of Buena Yista township, is a pioneer of 1831, since which time his interests have been identified with those of his favorite county. He is a native of Kentucky, having been born in Glasgow, that State, on September 3, 1825. His father, Josiah Parrott, was a native of Maryland, having been born in Talbot county, that State, on July 20, 1800. He had no school advantages, but acquired an excellent business education in Glasgow, Kentucky, to which place he early removed. He was pos- sessed of unusual financial ability, and had a remarkable aptitude for mercantile pursuits. In time he became the owner of three stores, one at Glasgow, one at Thompsonville, and another at Gainesboro, Tennessee. He was married in Kentucky, to Nancy G. Bransfordi a native of Rockingham, Virginia, in which place she was born on July 27, 180T. She was a daughter of Thomas Bransford, a proiitii- nent citizen of that place. In 1830 Mr. Parrott came to Rushville, Illinois, which was then a new and sparsely settled country, and opened a store at that place. He had at that time |60,000 and a large stock of goods. After starting his store, he returned to Kentucky, and in the spring of the following year, 1831, he removed his family to Rushville, where he continued in business for more than forty years, being the oldest merchant of that place. He also started several other stores at the same time, in different towns, one at Beardstown, and another at Princeton, while he had still another at Pulaski. All were general stores and all carried large stocks of goods. He possessed very great energy and excellent financial ability, and was eminently success- ful in business. He invested largely in land, and became the owner of thousands of acres of the richest land of Schuyler county. He voted with the Whig party, and later with the Republican, but never desired to hold office. He was a member of the Masonic fraternity, being one of the charter members of the lodge in Rushville. He was a promi- nent member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of which he was a liberal supporter. He helped to build the first Methodist church in Rushville, and contributed toward the erection of the present handsome edifice. Mr. Parrott's first wife died on July 26, 1835, leaving four children to the care of her husband, and many friends to mourn her loss. She was a woman of intelligence and many charms of character, a faithful wife and fond mother, and was much lamented by all who knew her. The children were: Thomas P., subject of our sketch; James H., now a real- estate man of Omaha, Nebraska; John B., who died in Buena Vista, unmarried; and Susan, who died unmarried. Mr. Parrott was subsequently married again, his second wife being Catharine Scripps, a native of Missouri. They had twelve chil- dren: George, deceased; Maria, who married 228 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OF OASS, Colonel William McAlister, and died in Rushville; Lydia, married; Sarah, who mar- ried Albert Clark, and died in Kearney, Ne- braska; Josiah, a traveling salesman; Catha- rine, deceased; Charley, a resident of Lincoln, Nebraska, and was for many years a banker in Omaha; Walter, a wholesale dealer in hats, caps and notions, in Chicago; Frank, deceased; Marcus, a resident of Omaha; Ellen, deceased; and Lewis, a real-estate man of Omaha, Nebraska. The father died at his home, surrounded by his family and friends, on May 29, 1881, aged eighty-one years, much lamented as a faithful friend and fond husband and father. The subject of our sketch was but a mere boy when the family came to Rushville in 1831. He attended school in Rushville, and when young began to assist in the duties about his father's store, and when grown, be- came a partner. The confinement of indoor work, however, did not agree with his health, and consequently, during the war he located on a farm in Buena Vista township. He is now the owner of 320 acres of highly cultivated land. Besides his farming interests, he is largely engaged in stock-raising, being a breeder of shorthorn and red-polled cattle, and of Morgan and Clyde horses, and has some of the finest specimens of the various breeds to be found in the country. On January 25, 1848, he was married to Sarah Wright, a daughter of E. M. and Sarah Wright. She was born in Syracuse, New York. Their happy married life was doomed to be of short duration, for, after little more than a year, on November 12, 1849, his wife died, leaving to his care one child, Sarah G., now the wife of Insco Marine, and resides at Beatrice, Nebraska. On October 10, 1860, our subject was mar- ried again, his second wife being Emma Window, born in Macomb, Illinois, a daugh- ter of Rev. William H. Window. Her fa- ther was a Methodist Episcopal minister, widely and favorably known in Illinois. They had eight children, two sons and six daughters: Susan, wife of E. H. Lugg, of Warsaw, Illinois; William; Grace; Harry; Catharine; Ida; Blanche and Margaret. The faithful wife and devoted mother died on July 22, 1890, much mourned by her family and friends. April 18, 1892, Harry married Miss Carrie McCormick, of Buena Yista. Our subject affiliates with the Republicans in politics, and though averse to office has, at the earnest solicitation of his numerous friends, served in some local positions of trust, to the entire satisfaction of his con- stituents. He is, like his father before him, a liberal supporter of the Methodist Episcopal Church, which denomination has found in him an earnest and sympathetic friend. Of high integrity and morality, of rare ability and warm impulses, he enjoys the confidence of his fellow citizens, and the es- teem of his family and a host of friends. A.SPER ROHN, a general farmer in sections 32 and 33, range 12, township 18, Beardstown precinct, has a well improved tract which has been his farm for twenty-one years. He was born on a part of the farm which he now owns, September 23, 1842. His parents were Henry and Elizabeth (Longore) Rohn. They both came to America and were married after landing in St. Louis, and later came to Beardstown (for further history, seehistory of J. Henry Rohn, this book). They were very early settlers, having come to the county three years after the In- dians had left the State. so SUTLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 229 Mr. Casper Rohn has been a hard-working man, has been moderately successful, and has made his way in the world by his own efforts. He was married first to Mary Jockissh, of Cass county, Illinois, and residedin this county until her death in 1876, at the age of twenty- five years. She was a good, kind wife and mother, and left her husband four children: Lizzie Eveland, living in Fnlton county, Illi- nois; Clara, at present in Jacksonville, Illi- nois; Fhilip is at home on the farm, and George, who lives at Boody, Illinois. Mr. Rohn was married a second time in this county, to Delia Dunn, born in Morgan county, daughter of an old settler. Her father now lives in Missouri, but her mother died there some years ago. Mr. and Mrs. Rohn are the parents of six children: Lulu, Walter, Frank, Charles, Samuel and Ruth. They are associated with the people of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and Mr. Rohn is an ardent Republican. Mr. Rohn is an honest, peaceable, home loving German. citi- zen, and he and his worthy wife are greatly esteemed by their hosts of friends. jAJSriEL STEPHENS has been closely identified with the history of Schuyler county, Illinois, since 1836, and it is fitting that his name should appear in this volume. He was born in Davidson county, North Carolina, April 4, 1819, a son of Alex- ander Stephens, who died in 1825 ; the mother of our subject, whose maiden name was Mary Dealy, was a native of New Jersey; she was married a second time in Illinois, spend- ing the last of her life in Bainbridge township. Daniel Stephens, in early life, became inured to the hard labor of a farm; he made the most of his opportunities to secure an education, but as there were no free schools and his father was in limited cir- cumstances, the advantages offered him were very few. He lived in North Carolina until 1836, when he emigrated to the West, and settled in Illinois; the entire journey was made overland with teams, and the country reached was little better than a wilderness. Mr. Stephens settled in that portion of Schuy- ler county which is now included in Brown county, but he had no means to invest in land, and so was obliged to work for wages; he received $12 a month, and from this small sum saved enough to make a beginning. In 1841 he settled on a tract of patent land that is now a part of his farm, and three years later he bought eighty acres, for which he paid $170; this place was covered with tim- ber and brush, and in the heart of the forest he erected a cabin that afforded protection and slielter; he courageously undertook the task of placing the land under cultivation, and as he prospered he invested in other lands, until he now owns 572 acres, lying in Bainbridge and Woodstock townships. Mr. Stephens was married January 26, 1840, to Rebecca Kimbel, a native of Simp- son county, Kentucky, and a daughter of Samuel and Elizabeth Kimbel. Of this union were born seven children: George W., William M., David, Samuel, John R., Saman- tha Jane and Olive. George W. Stephens has been three times married, his present wife being Ann Irvin; they have seven children: William M. has been married twice, Martha J. Eason being the second wife; he has eight children ; David married Martha Landreth, and has a family of seven children; Samuel married Cornelia Persinger, and has four children; John mar- ried Mary J. Macombs, and has one child; Samantha J. is the wife of Richard Black, 230 BIOGBAPHIOAL REVIEW OF CASS, and has three children; Olive married L. F. Nooner, and is the mother of four children. Mr. Stephens has thirty-five grandchildren and three great-grandchildren. -^-^^^^^^^^^ |OBERTB. McMASTER was born in V Highland county, Ohio, February 3, 1827, a. son of David McMaster, who was born in county Down, Ireland. The pa- ternal grandfather, John McMaster, was a native of Ireland, of Scotch ancestry. He emigrated to America in 1807, and settled in Kockbridge county, Virginia, where he lived until 1818. He removed to Ohio in that year, and located in Highland county. He bought a tract of heavily timbered land, built a log cabin in the midst of the forest, and re- sided there until his death. He married Jen- nie McKee, of County Down, Ireland; she died on the farm in Highland county, the mother of four children: James, David, Ar- thur and Kobert. David McMaster, the father of our subject, was a lad of twelve years when his parents crossed the sea to America. He was married in Virginia, and lived there until 1816, when he removed to Kentucky ; at the end of one year he went to Highland county, Ohio, where he was among the pioneers; he bought a tract of timber land, erected the characteristic log cabin with a mud-and-stick chimney, and began the task of clearing a farm. Cincinnati was the nearest market-town, sixty miles distant, wild game was abundant, and the mother carded, spun and wove the cloth with which hei' children were dressed. In 1836 Mr. McMaster sold this farm and came to Illinois, accompanied by his wife and six children; they made the journey in a four-horse wagon, camping on the way. He first located in Fulton county, and in 1838 came to Schuyler county, and rented until he bought land in Rushville township, where he resided until his death in 1866. His wife's maiden name was Elizabeth Wardlaw, a native of Eockbridge county, Virginia, and a daughter of William and Mary Wardlaw, natives of Scotland. They reared a family of six children: Mary C, William W., John M., Robert B., Jane C. and Sarah A. A lad of nine years, Eobert B. McMaster came to Illinois, and well remembers many incidents of the journey and the trials and privations to which they were subject on the frontier. He attended the pioneer schools, and received a training which fitted him for the ordinary duties of life. He remained with his parents until 1850, and in March of that year started for the Golden State. He took the overland route, and accomplished that perilous journey without accident or dis- aster. He arrived in California in July, and at once engaged in mining; he continued this industry until 1852, when he returned to Illi- nois. He bought land included in the tract he now owns on section twenty-two, Rush- ville township, and has been one of the most progressive and prosperous farmers of the county. He was actively engaged in agricul- tural pursuits until 1884, when he purchased property in and adjoining Rushville, and erected a handsome residence which he now occupies. Mr. McMaster was married in 1853, to Rachel Quinn, and they had a family of three children: Curtis died at the age of twenty- eight years; Jennie died in infancy; Mary married Marshall Finch, and has two sons, Robert and Wade T. Mrs. McMaster was born in Hardin county, Kentucky, November 14, 1836, a daughter of Thomas Quinn, a native of Virginia. He married Nancy Ken- nedy, a native of Hardin county, Kentucky, aGHVTLEB AND BROWN COUNTIES. 231 and a daughter of Peter and Rachel (Colvon) Kennedy. In 1837 they moved to Illinois with their family of eight children, and settled in Schuyler county; the father died in 1844, but the mother survived until 1886, in her eighty-fifth year. ^ 4®^ ^ fHENEY EOHN, farmer and stock- raiser, living on the old homestead in " township 18, range 12, of the precinct of Beardstown, was born at the same place, September 20, 1837. He is the eldest mem- ber of the family. The father, Henry, was a native of Hesse-Darmstadt. Henry Rohn, Sr., had grown up, but was yet single, when he came to the United States with his brother John, and after a long, tedious passage, they landed in New Orleans, and from there pro- ceeded to St. Louis. Here he stopped and married the girl who had come with him from the same province. Her name was Elizabeth Longore, and they soon came to Cass county and entered, in the year 1837, Government land. They added to it from time to time until he owned 1,300 acres, made by him and his thrifty wife. He was |1C5 in debt when he landed in Beardstown, having to borrow money to come there. He continued on this same land, improving it until his death in 1891. He was then nearly eighty-six years of age. He was a well- known pioneer, a successful farmer, a good neighbor and husband, and an active member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. His wife is yet living, aged eighty-one years, smart and active, making her home with her son William, and is still an active member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. J. Henry has lived on the farm he now owns all his lifetime. It consists of 820 acres, and of this 500 acres are under the plow, with good farm buildings. He has owned the old homestead for fifteen years. He was married in this county to Malinda Wagle, born in Brown county, in 1840. Her father was Jephtha Wagle, of Madison county, Kentucky, who was married there and came to Brown county as an early settler, and later moved on a farm near Arenzville, and there lived and died. His wife is yet surviving, at the age of eighty years, making her home in this county. Her maiden name was Phoebe Todd, and she was a relative of Mrs. Abraham Lincoln. Mr. and Mrs. Rohn are the parents of four children: Albert and Louis H. are both at home helping on the farm, and Carrie and Nettie are twins, and both are bright and intelligent children. The whole family are Methodists, and are good types of German citizens. Mr. Rohn is astancb Republican. fOHN A. YOUNG, one of the most prominent and prosperous agriculturists of Schuyler county, resides on section 21, Buena Vista township. The following space will be devoted to a brief biography of which he is the subject. He was born in Schuyler county, on the farm which he now occupies, June 14, 1832, a son of John Young, a native of Ireland; the paternal grandparents were John and Margaret Young. John Young emigrated to America when a young man, and stopped for a time in Phila- delphia; thence he continued his journey to the West, and after locating in Rushville he sent for his parents; they left their native land, crossed the sea, and made a home in the new world; they now reside in Buena Vista township, at a good old age. There were born to them three sons and two daugh- 232 BIOaBAPHlOAL BE VIEW OF OASS, ters: John, William K., Alexander, Mar- garet and Elizabeth. The father of John A. Young was married at Rushville to a daugh- ter of Hugh McCreary, a native of Ireland, who came to America aboard the same ship as lier husband, and it was on this voyage that they met. He died in early life, the date being February 8, 1885; he was a farmer, and had entered land in Buena Vista township; the wife died June 14, 1883; they had two children: James M. died in infancy; John A. is the only surviving member of the family. During his boyhood days he lived with his mother and relatives; from early childhood he was self-sustaining, working for his board; he attended school until six- teen years of age, and then settled with his mother on the homestead that had been en- tered by the father. In 1852 he went to Caliiornia, making the journey overland, and remained on the Pacific coast six years; he was engaged in mercantile and agricult- ural pursuits, and was reasonably successful. He returned via the Isthmus and New York city; he made a visit to relatives in Philadel- phia, and then came to his old home. Here he resumed agricultural pursuits, making many improvements in the way of erecting buildings; his mother resided with him until her death. The homestead originally consisted of 130 acres, twenty acres of which Mr. Young sold to raise the money to go to California. He now owns 580 acres in one body, well stocked, and in a high state of cultivation. He gives especial attention to the breeding of live- stock, and has a fine herd of short-horns, and some horses of excellent pedigree. Mr. Young was united in marriage Oc- tober 13, 1869, to Miss Mary L. Clark, a daughter of Rev. John Clark; she was born in Schuyler county, Illinois, April 1, 1847, and died May 15, 1878; she was the mother of four children: Carl C, born August 9, 1870, is in the employ of the Illinois Steel Company; Anna F., born August 3, 1872, is a student at De Pauw University, Green- castle, Indiana; Sarah E., born August 23, 1874, and James H., December 10, 1876. Mr. Young was married a second time, November 24, 1881, to Miss Elizabeth De Witt, a daughter of James and Ellen (Little) DeWitt; she was born at Littleton, Schuyler county. May 22, 1855; five children were born of this union: one died in infancy; Mary was born September 19, 1882; John D., April 5, 1884; Dwight M., September 28, 1885; Ellen L., April 16, 1888. Mrs. Young is a consistent member of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church. In addition to the business interests al- ready mentioned, Mr. Young has invest- ments in real estate in Duluth and other points; he is also a stockholder in the Bank of Eushville, and is one of the directors of the same. Politically he is identified with the Republican party ; he has been Supervisor of his township, but his private afiairs have so taken his time that public oflice has not been sought. He is a man of broad intelli- gence, and the strictly honorable methods he has employed in his business career has won him the entire confidence and respect of the community'. A. BERRY, foreman of the black- smith shops of the Rock Island and * St. Louis division of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad, located at Beardstown, was born in Medina, Ohio, February 12, 1852. He came when five years of age to Aurora, Illinois, with his par- ents. He grew up there and received a com- SCHUTLEB AND BROWN COUNTIES. 233 mon school education and learned his trade. His father, Thomas E. Berry, had come from England to Medina, Ohio, there learned the carpenter's trade and was married to Anna Pierce, who was also of English birth. In 1857, Thomas Berry, wife and four children, settled in Aurora, where he still lives, aged seventy-three years, and is still hearty enough to work at his trade. His wife died in 1887. They were both members of the Congregational Church. Mr. Berry came here from Aurora and was for one year foreman of the Chicago division of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad. He has been twenty-six years with this company and has never lost a month's time, nor been suspended. He won his promotion by attending strictly to busi- ness. He was married in Aurora, to Ella Irwin, who was born, reared and educated in the same place. She was the daughter of Jerry Irwip, a prominent and successful tailor of Aurora, who died in 1881. His wife still lives in Aurora. They were both Roman Catholics. Mr. and Mrs. Berry have one child, Maude. He is a member of the Masonic order. He is a sound Republican, but not an office-seeker. 4^ ^ fOSEPH GIFFORD, a well-to-do and highly esteemed farmer of Versailles township. Brown county, Illinois, where he has lived for twenty years, was born in Cambria county, Pennsylvania, in December, 1833. His parents, Joseph and Sarah (Davis) Giftbrd, were both natives of the Keystone State, where his father was born in 1802. His paternal grandfather, also named Joseph, was of English parentage, and is thought to have been born in England. He was a pros- perous farmer in Huntingdon county, Penn- sylvania, and left, at his death, a good estate to his family, consisting of five sons and four daughters, all of whom became heads of families, some attaining a great age. One son was more than ninety years of age when last heard from, and, if still living, as is quite probable, he is nearly a hundred. The father of the subject of this sketch moved from Pennsylvania directly to Brown county, Illi- nois, in 1856, and rented land near the village of Cooperstown, where he resided for thirteen years, until his death in 1869, at the age of sixty-seven years. He left a widow and five children, four sons and one daughter: David, a successful farmer in Iowa; Joseph, of this sketch; John and Isaac, both prosperous farmers of Nebraska; and Jemima, who married Manuel Whited, and died in Ne- braska, aged forty-two years, leaving five children. The subject of this sketch was reared to hard labor, and had but few educational advantages. Before he was eleven years old, he worked in the Sligo Pig Iron Works, in Clarion county, Pennsylvania. When eigh- teen years of age, he commenced life for him- self, and what little education he possesses has been gleaned by the dusty, toilsome way- side of life. Fortunately his parents dowered him with an unclouded intelligence and a robust constitution, and inculcated in him a love of truth and integrity, and trained him to habits of industry and economy. He was married in his twenty-first year, to Lucinda Hovis, of Venango county, Pennsyl- vania, August 8, 1854, and continued to live in the Keystone State until the fall of 1868, when they removed to Brown county, Illi- nois. They made the journey overland with 234 BIOGRAPHIOAL REVIEW OF 0A88, a team, bringing six children with them. They were four weeks en route, and, the weather being propitious, their journey was a continual pleasure trip and picnic. They camped in their tent and covered wagon at night, and cooked their meals by the way. Arriving in Brown county, Illinois, they located on forty acres of their present farm for which they paid $650. There were no buildings on the place at the time, and only fifteen acres of it were cleared. They had brought but little means with them, and went in debt |450, since when they have purchased forty more acres, are out of debt, and have most of the farm well improved. Prior to coming to Illinois, in September, 1862, Mr. GiflFord went as a volunteer in Company E, Sixteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry, from Franklin, Pennsylvania. He was on duty all of the time from his enlistment un- til his discharge at Lynchburg, Virginia, June 17, 1865, except when he was sick in the hospital with typhoid pneumonia, from June 4 to August 16, 1863. He was in some forty-six engagements, some of which were hotly contested. Among these was the bat- tle of Hatcher's Run, which he thinks was worse than that of the " Pull Pen." His last year of service was spent under the command of General Phil. Sheridan. Mr. and Mrs. GifFord have had ten chil- dren, nine of whom survive: Sarah, married George Green, aiid died, aged twenty-five years, leaving two sons; Ernest, a prosperous farmer of Elkhorn township, married Alice Lewis, and has two children; Maggie married Morgan Grady, a successful farmer of Pike county, Illinois; Laura married Frank Sellers, a well-to-do farmer of Iowa, and has one daughter; Ida married George B. Alexander, and has two children; Julia married John Orr, a progressive farmer of Cooperstown township; Hattie married William Tolle, an estimable laboring man of Versailles town- ship, and has one son; Mattie and Mollie, twin sisters, are intelligent and active young ladies, who relieve their mother of much oi the household work; Joseph W.,the youngest^ a youth of sixteen, is at home, and does much of the hard labor on the farm. Mr. Gifford, who has toiled hard for many years, is taking a needed rest whenever he can do so. In politics Mr. Gifford is Democratic, and has been honored by his constituents several times with public oflice. Besides minor positions of trust, he has served two terms as Justice of the Peace, and was re-elected for the third term, but declined to qualify, think- ing he had done his share of such service. Religiously he and his worthy wife are earnest and useful members of the Methodist Episcopal Ch urch, to which they have belonged many years. Mr. GifEord's history would serve as an example for many poor, young men, starting in life. A careful analysis of his prosperity would be found to consist in intelligent and persistent effort, supplemented by upright- ness of dealing, careful economy and uniform courtesy in all the various walks of life. -*>^ ^/^SILLIAM G. MOHLMANN, pro- Is prietor of the furniture and under- taking establishment at the corner of Main and Jefferson streets, was born in the city of Beardstown, July 10, 1866. His father, William, was born in Prussia and was the son of Henry, who was also a Prussian. He grew up there and learned the trade of cabinet maker. He married a Prussian lady of good family, and after most of their chil- dren were born, and when their son William SGHUYLER AND BROWN OOUNTIES. 235 was thirteen years old, in 1849, came to the United States. He finally settled in Beards- town and established a business, which was managed by Henry Mohlmann until his death in 1881, at the age of seventy-eight years. It was afterward carried on by Will- iam Mohlmann until his death in 1891. He was a good business man, a public-spirited citizen and one that did much for the city. His wife, as well as mother, is still living, the latter being about eighty years of age. The mother of William G. was named Lydia Lohmann, a Prussian. She was yet young when she came with her parents to the United States, and her mother is still living, smart, bright and active. The whole family were identified with the Lutheran Chnrch.- William G. Mohlmann is the second of seven children. He grew up and obtained a practical education, and learned his business by growing up in it. He afterward took a course in the College of Embalming in Chi- cago. The business was established by the grandfather, Henry, in 1858. Until 1876 most of the goods were manufactured by the firm. At that time William F. became sole proprietor, and in 1891 William G. became half owner, and after the death of his father the sole proprietor. Theconvenient building now in use was recently built by the present owner. It was completed in July, 1891. Mr. Mohlmann occupies a double store, basement and first and second floors, 50 x 80 feet, all stocked with goods. He was married in Virginia, February 18, 1892, to Miss Rose Leggett of North Caro- lina. Mr. and Mrs. Mohlmann are young so- ciety people of Beardfitown. Mr. Mohlmann is a member of the blue lodge and chapter, A. F. & A. M. of Beardstown and Kushville, and Commandery No. 56, and Senior Deacon in blue lodge and Royal Arch Captain in chapter. Pie is no office-seeker, but is a Democrat in politics. He is yet a young man, but full of business and is bound to succeed. ^ ^ ILLIAM HACKMAN, a practical German farmer and stock raiser of section 30, township 17, range 11, is the owner of a good farm where he lives. He was born in Hanover, near the city of Osnabriick, in 1820, September 13th. He was the third son born to John E. and Ma- ria (Strnve) Hackman, natives of Hanover, who came of pure German blood. After his marriage he settled down in his native land as a farmer, on a small scale, and here all the children were born, but later in life Mr. Hackman sold out all his interests in his native land and set sail from Bremen for the United States, with his wife and family. Af- ter a voyage of seven weeks and two days, they landed at Castle Garden, coming on at once to Illinois via Albany, New York, Buf- falo, across Lake Erie, landing at Cleveland, across the canal, down the Ohio to Cairo, up the Mississippi river to St. Louis, and thence up the Illinois river to Beardstown, in June, 1885. The father purchased 120 acres in township 12, range 11, but before they were settled he sickened and died. He had procured the deed, so his family had the farm. He was only fifty-eight years of age and had been in the country but a few, months. The widow mother moved on the farm with her children, and they began their life as farmers in a new country. Some years later she went to live with her only daughter, Mary Bushman, of Beardstown, where she died when seventy-two years of age. She 236 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OF OASS, lived to see her children all well married and settled in life. Mrs. Plackman joined the Methodist Church in this county and died in that faith. Her husband was a Lutheran. William and a brother Fred are the only surviving children, the latter also being a farmer at Arenzville. William grew to man- hood in this county. He is now the owner of two line farms of 320 acres in all, both having a complete set of farm buildings on them, bnilt by Mr. Hackman. The land is in a fine condition and yields good crops. He was married in this county to Eliza- beth Meyer, born in Germany, in 1828. She was a small child when brought to America by her parents. They made their first settle- ment on the farm now owned by Mr. Hack- man. It was on this farm that Mr. and Mrs. Meyer both lived, and died when they were thirty years old. They were Lutherans in religion. Mrs. Hackman is one of seven children, of whom she and a sister, Mrs. Fred Hackman, of this county, and a brother, Henry, a retired farmer of Oregon, are the only surviving members. The next year, July, 1835, after they came to America, Mr. and Mrs. Meyer died, and Mrs. Hackman was reared by a Mrs. Freeman Skinner. She has been a true, good wife to a devoted hus- band for the past forty -five years. Mr. and Mrs. Hackman are the parents of six children: one, Matilda, died when young; one, William E., died when twenty-two; and Loulisa, after her marriage to George Keoneke, to whom she bore five children. The living children are, Louis; Lucinda, wife ofTheo. Heierman, afarmer in Morgan county, Hlinois; and they have one child. Mr. and Mrs. Hackman are regarded as be- ing among the good, kind and hospitable old settlers of the county. They are upright. Christian people, being members of the Eman- uel Methodist Episcopal Church, two miles from Arenzville. Mr. Hackman and son are sound Democrats in politics. Mr. Louis Hackman is now the manager of his father's old homestead, and he is con- ducting it in a way that reflects great credit on him. He is a hard-working man, and thoroughly understands his business, as the fine condition of his fields testify. He was married to Amelia Kors of this county, and they are the parents of three as bright little ones as any one need care to see. Mr. Louis Hackman has been County Commissioner for the past nine years. The whole family are just the kind of peo- ple that make Cass county so prosperous, and if there were more like this worthy German and his son, the prosperity of the State would be greatly increased. ffUDGE JOHN A. ARENZ, now retired from active life and living at his pleas- ant home on the corner of Sixth and State Streets, was born on the river Ehine, near Cologne, in 1810, October 28. He is the only member of the family that came to this country now living. His parents lived near Cologne, Germany, and the father, Francis, died there when past ninety years of age; he was a prominent and successful man and was an officer in the army of his country, and received a pension for some years before his death. His wife lived to be an old lady over seventy-five years old. Mr. Arenz came to this country in 1835, on a sailing vessel frem Bremen. He landed in Baltimore city and another brother fol- lowed Mr. Arenz to this country, and he SGHUILER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 237 died in this State some twelve years ago, leaving a family. Mr. Arenz had been care- fully educated in civil engineering and other branches; was one of the corps of men that measured the State of Prussia. He was the principal of a public school, and was given a license to practice as an attorney at law. He was admitted to the bar about the time he was elected County Judge. Mr. Arenz had followed his brother Francis to this country, he having come some time before, being the first member of the fanc^ily that left the old world for the new. Qur subject came to this county iu 1835, and the State was still un- settled in great part. His brother's was the only frame house for miles around and wild game of every kind abounded. There were no railroads and but few w^gon roads. The people were kind and good hearted. Mr. Arenz had cqnae to the State from Baltimore, crossing the nqountains to Wheel- ing, West Virginia, coming down the Ohio river to St. I^ou;s on a boat. It toqk fourteen days to make the trip, the boat often sticking on sand bars, 4-ft®'' If^nding ^n St. Louis he came to Cass county, and after some time he and his brother Francis laid out the town of Arenaville ii^ the southern part of Cass county. There they estsblished a saw mill, gristn^ill and general store, and ran it for some tio^e successfully. Later Francis died ^nd Mf. Arpn? came to Beardstown and has sii^ce m^de it his home. Francis died in Jacksonville, in 1856, in the prime of life, aqd w^s considered one of the foremost men qf \h,e State. He was one of the State Board qf Agriculture and was a Director of the same. He also organized the local board of Cass county, which has continued ever since. The State Board passed commendable resolu- tions on the death of Mr. Francis Arenz, for his earnest, hard work. 17 Mr. John Arenz became prominent as soon as he came to the county and was soon elected Justice of the Peace, and has held other local offices. He was elected to the office of Probate Judge, being the second elected in the county. He held the office for many years. He was elected first Mayor of Beardstown, in 1850, and has filled the office twice, subsequently. He has been city Alderman and Treasurer, and served for many years. He has been an admirer of the principles of his party, IJepublican, He was a Whig until the dissolution of that party and he then ardently espoused the cause of the new party from the time of its organisation. He has always been regarded as a representative man. He was married, in Beardstown, to Mary Miller, of Kentucky, and she died at her borate in this city in 1886. aged seventy years. She was the daughter of Captain William Miller, of Kentucky, a soldier in the Black Hawk war, having served as Captain of a com- pany from Jacksonville, lUionis, where he was a pioneer, but later he came to Beardstown, where he died at an advanced age. He was a prominent man. Judge Arenz and wife had three children; Francis W. died when young; Maria L., wife of Philip Kuhl, a merchant of this city, who have two children; and Anna, wife of Omer S. Spring, of Peoria, niinois, a wholesale grocer and confectioner; they have one daughter, Mary L. ^ ^ IHARLES J. NORBDRY, one of the old and best known men of Cass county, was born in Philadelphia, May 22, 1812. His father, Joseph B., was a native of Northumberland, Pennsylvania, grew up and obtained his education in Phila- 238 BIOaBAPHIOAL REVIEW OF 0A88, delphia, became an attorney, and was so en- gaged until his death at sixty years of age. He was a well known citizen of that city. His mother, Rebecca Frick, was born in Northumberland county, coming of German parents, and died a consistent member of the Dutch Reformed Church. Mr. Norbnry, after obtaining his early edu- cation, became a clerk in a wholesale house in Philadelphia. In the spring of 1836 he came to Beardstown via Pittsburg, the Ohio, Mississippi and Illinois rivers. He has since been a resident of this place. He first began as a clerk for William Eassett, who was a dealer in flour and dry goods and agent for the steamboats on the rivers. After this Mr. Norbury was associated with several gentle- men, and later entered into business relations with George Plahn, which continued until 1884, when Mr. Norbury retired from active business. In these years he had become one of the best known men of the county, re- spected for his honesty and as one who was a friend in need. He never accumulated a large fortune, but possesses a modest com- petence. He was married in Beardstown, in 1839, to Elizabeth Spence of Tennessee, born October 16, 1822. She was the daughter of Rev, Thomas Spence, a prominent Methodist min- ister of Tennessee, who came to Illinois in the early thirties, having been a pioneer minister in the early history of the State. Mr. and Mrs. Norbury are working members of the Congregational Church. He is not an oflBce seeker, but has always been a AVhig and a Republican, voting first for "William H. Harrison and last for his grandson. Having always lived a temperate life, notwithstand- ing his age, he has a clear eye and sound faculties. He and his wife are tlie parents of thirteen children, nine of whom are living. Those living are: Rebecca, widow of D. H. Flickwin and living in Beardstown; Jennie, now wife of Judge S. P. Dale, Canon City, Colorado; William remains at home; Paralee, the wife of O. K. Ruechler, lives in Jackson- ville, Illinois; Arthur also lives at Jackson- ville; Elizabeth resides in Denver; Anna, wife of William D. Epler, resides in Beards- town; Frank is a physician in charge of the male annex of the insane asylum at Jackson- ville; Mamie is the wife of G. B. Hegardt, assistant United • States Engineer at Fort Stephens, Oregon. He built the Government jetties at the month of the Columbia river. fOHN L. BENNETT, born in McDon- ough county, Illinois, December 13, 1832, is the son of Isaac Bennett, born in North Carolina, May 22, 1808. He married in White county, Tennessee, Mary Lynch, April 8, 1834. She was the daughter of Charles and Mary Lynch. The latter was born August 7, 1814. Her parents, who were farmers, ^•eared eight children, the father dying in Tennessee, at the age of forty-live, her mother in Hancock county, Illinois, aged eighty-four years. Grandfather Bennett died in Ken- tucky in 1831, and his wife in Hancock county at the age of eighty years. She came to Illinois in 1834, her son, Isaac, coming with her. They flrst settled in McDonough county, coming from Tennessee in ox carts, taking about eight weeks to the trip. They were in humble circumstances, and lived in McDonough county for two years, and then went from there to Hancock county, where they took up a claim of 160 acres of wild land with no improvements. They built a rude log cabin, in which they lived and reared most of the children. He made a good farm SOaUTLER AND BBOWN COUNTIES. 239 of this, for which he paid and took a deed in 1838. They had eleven children: John L., the second, is a farmer and stock grower of Hiar township, McDouongh county, Mary Jane was the wife of Philo McPeigh, who died and left two children ; jS^orelan is a large fanner of Hancock county, and has three children; Barbary Ann was the wife of George Bradly, and died, leaving four children; E.ufus, a farmer of Hancock county, Illinois; Lorinda, killed^by a kick from a horse at the age of eleven; Zilpha died at fourteen; Jere- miah, a wealthy ranchman and stock-grower of Texas; Lucinda, wife of William Duncan, died leaving five children; Phoebe is married and resides in St. Louis, and has two children. John L. Bennett had very limited oppor- tunities for obtaining an education: could barely read when a young man. He had to begin hard work when but a child, plowing corn when only eleven years old. He has worked very hard all his life until very re- cently. He was and is still a very rugged and strong man, and could endure anything and everything, even the ague which shook him while a lad. He was married at twenty-one and soon left home. His wife was Elizabeth Carder, born in Indiana, where she was reared, daughter of Cooper B. Carder, of South Caro- lina, who came to Illinois in 1839. Her mother was a Miss D.v^dney, of Tennessee. Mr. and Mrs. Carder came to Illinois in 1839, where the latter died in 1853, leaving Elizabeth to care for the home. Mrs. Ben- nett's father, nearly eighty years of age, is living with her on the farm, of 180 acres. ]!4r. and Mrs. Bennett have had a hard struggle to get this farm. They worked rented lauds for some years and then bought their first land in 1864, fifty-five acres of timber for $700, paying one-half down. This was in Hancock county, and tliey sold this and bought where they now are. They have owned as much as 230 acres siace. Mr. Ben- nett has done general farming all these years, and for the past few years has owned stock horses. He stands three fine stallions, two of them full blood, imported Clydesdale. He keeps from fifteen to twenty head of horses, some cattle and many hogs. Turns off as high as forty horses. They have had twelve children, have buried two daughters and three sous; four died in infancy and early childhood. Eliza Ann, the first born, married Samuel Reeves, and died at thirty years of age Those living are: Mary M., wife of William NefiF, farmer in Hancock county, with two children; Charles Edward married AUie Buck, a farmer; John M. married Nancy White, resides with his parents and is running the home farm; Henry is single and has a tonsorial establishment in Chicago; Edgar is married to a Miss Swanson £^nd resides in Chicago; Otto, in Hancock county; Homer, still a child, is at home. Mr. Bennett is a straight Democrat. He and his wife are highly respected by all who know them. fHRISTIAJS DUPES, of the firm of Dupes & Blohm, dealers in general merchandise and farm implements, was born in Monroe precinct, Cass county, where he has always lived. He was reared and edu- cated iu his native county as a farmer. He is the son of David Dupes, a native of Penn- sylvania, who came to Illinois when a young man early in the forties. He was married, in 1844, in Schuyler county, to Katie Neat- hamer, a native of Pennsylvania, who was reared in her native State. She came when young to Schuyler county, Illinois, and was 240 BIOGBAPHIOAL REVIEW OF -O ASS, married to Mr. Dupes at the early age of fourteen. After their marriage Mr. Dupes began their married life on a farm, but in 1845 he moved to Cass county, and they set- tled in Monroe precinct, where he afterward owned 300 acres in this county and 160 in Ottawa county, Kansas. He continued to live in Monroe precinct until his death, on section 26, township 18, range 11, in 1888. He was then seventy-three years of age, and had been a successful farmer, a good citizen and a stanch Democrat. His wife still survives him, living at the old homestead, at the age of sixty-two years. She is the mother of six sons and three daughters still living, and two sons deceased. Christian is the eldest child, and has never married. He was engaged as a farmer for many years, and was very successful, owning some very valuable property in the village of Bluff Springs. His present business was established in October, 1888, under the pres- ent firm name, but recently Mr. Dupes sold the store to A. W. Blohm, but retains the realty. After the first year they increased their capital and capacity to double its origi- nal size, and are now doing a large and lucra- tive business. He is independent in politics, and is an ambitious young man, still in the prime of life, being only a little over forty years of age. He is a good citizen and a reliable business man. He is the Assistant Post- master of the place, L. A. Jones being the Postmaster. MLAYIUS 0. PRICE, one of the oldest |S of the native boru settlers of Mount *^ Sterling, was born December 12, 1838. His father, "William D. Price, was born in Kentucky, near Leesburg, July 17, 1817. Grandfather of subject, William D. Price, was born in Virginia, and removed from there to Kentucky, being one of the pioneers of that state. He spent his last years at Lexington. He served in the war of 1812, and was taken prisoner by the British. Father of subject was reared in Kentucky, and came from there to Illinois about 1883, and located in that part of Schuyler county now included in Brown county. He entered a tract of Government land on section 2, built a log house, and at once commenced to improve a farm. He was a resident there till his death, which occurred in 1848. The maiden name of mother of our subject was Eliza A. Taylor. She was born in Fayette county, Kentucky, October 17, 1817, daugh- er of John and Elizabeth Taylor. Her par- ents came from Kentucky to Morgan county in 1832, and thence to Brown county in 1884. Mother of subject died February 1, 1871. Subject was reared and educated in his native township. "When his parents settled here, and for years afterward, the country was but little improved, and deer, turkeys, wolves and other game abounded. He at- tended the pioneer schools. These were taught in a log house, the seats made of slabs, one side hewn smooth, and wooden pins for legs. There were no desks, but holes bored in the wall, pins inserted, and a plank laid* on them served as a desk for the larger pupils. He continued to reside with his mother on the farm till 1862, when, August 8, he en- listed in Company D, One Hundred and Nineteenth Illinois Volunteer Infantry'. The regiment was organized at Quincy, in Octo- ber, and was one of the most active regi- ments in the army. He was with the regi- ment in all its various marches, campaigns SG BUTLER AND BROWN 00UNTIE8. 241 and battles. The most important battles were the siege and capture of Fort de Rus- sey, Pleasant Hill, Yellow Bayou, Nashville, Tennessee, and Forts Spanish and Blakely. He was discharged with the regiment and returned home, and resumed farming till 1882, on the lot where he now resides in section 1, Mount Sterling. He was married May 10, 1861, to Narcis- sa Wilson. She was born in Brown county, niinois, daughter of James L. Wilson. She died August 9, 1886. He was again mar- ried on October 23, 1887, to Miss Nancy Sullivan; she was born in Scotland county, Missouri. He has one child living by first marriage, Julia E., and by second marriage, one daughter, Calista. Julia E. married Wm. Jones, of Scott county, and has one daughter, Ethel. Our subject is a Republican in politics. He and his wife are both members of the Christian Church, as also was his first wife. ^^ENRY C..KEIL, a large and very suc- cessful dealer in all kinds of hardware, stoves and tinware, was born in Hesse- Darmstadt, Germany, November 7, 1848. He grew up, attained his education and learned his trade of tinner in his native country. His father, Johanas Keil, is yet living in Germany at his old home, and is seventy years of age. He has been all his life a farmer. He had married a Miss Eliza- beth Moell, a native of his own province. She died at the age of sixty years. She and her husband had belonged all their lives to the German Lutheran Church. Henry Keil is the eldest of four children. After coming to this country and locating in Beardstown in 1867., he went back by way of Hamburg, Germany, in 1873; he returned to Beardstown in the spring of 1874, and has since lived here. He followed the tinner's trade for some time. He began business for him- self in 1876, and has from that time on been increasing his stock and his trade. He car- ries a full line of first-class goods in a fine brick store of his own building, which he erected on Main street in 1890. He is a live man, full of business, and one who works for the best interest of his city and county. He has been a stockholder in the First National bank since it was started, first as a private bank in 1877, and later a national bank in 1887. He was married in Beardstown, to Sophia Weis. She was born at Hamilton Station, Cass county, and was there raised and edu- cated. She is the daughter of John and Catherine Weis, who both died on their old farm in Cass connty. They were pioneers in Cass county, having come about 1840. Mr. and Mrs. Keil are members of the Lutheran Church, as were their parents. They have three smart children: Alma, Arthur and Ed- win, all still at home. Mr. Keil is a Republican in politics, has been Alderman of the city for several terms, and is a fine man in every way. irCHABOD PERRY, one of the early set- 11 tiers of this county, residing in Mount W Sterling, was born in Claiborne county, Tennessee, July 18, 1815. His father, Ed- mond Perry, was a native of North Carolina and served in the war of 1812, receiving a land warrant for 160 acres; but it is not known that this was ever located. His father came from the same State, and re- moved from there to Claiborne, Tennessee, where he purchased land and carried on farming until 1831, when he came to Illinois 243 BIOQRAPUIGAL REVIEW OF CASS, He spent his last years in Brown coiiuty. The maiden name of his wife was Kebecca Yarberry, also a native of North Carolina. Siie died in Brown county, also. Their son, Edmond, was a natural mechanic, but never learned a trade, and as he was very fond of hunting, he put in a good deal of time in that way. He resided in Tennessee until 1831, when, with his parents and others and wife and ten children, he emigrated to Illi- nois, and after four weeks overland travel landed in Morgan county. He rented a log cabin, three quarters of a mile from Jackson- ville, and there spent the winter, and in the spring of 1832 came to that part of Schuyler that has been included in Brown county. He settled on a tract of vacant land in what is now Oooperstown township, and at once built a log cabin in the usual manner of the settlers, with rough hewn logs and puncheon floor. He lived in that place for about a year when he found out that he had built his house on the wrong land. He then moved to the adjoining quarter and put up a log cabin there, and later purchased this land, paying therefor |200, mostly in prop- erty. It was military land. This included the southwest quarter of section thirty, and he turned his attention to the improvement of the land, and resided in this locality until his death. The maiden name of his wife was Eachel Bridges, daughter of William and Sarah Bridges, who moved from Tennes- see to Missouri in 1831, and spent the rest of their days there. Ichabod was sixteen years old when he came to Illinois with his parents. The country was sparsely settled and but little improvement has been made anywhere. For some years the people lived on the pro- duce of their farms and on the wild game that abounded in the forests. His mother used to card, spin and weave, and dressed her children in homespun made by her own hands. The father, being a skilled hunter, used to kill a great many deer. He dressed the skins, and in the winter the boys used to wear pants made of that material. Ichabod received his early education in the public schools of Tennessee. These were taught on the subscription plan, each family paying according to the number of children sent. He made the best of his opportunities, and in later years has improved his mind by ex- tensive reading. He remained with his par- ents until he was twenty one and then began life for himself. In 1836 he went to the Territory of Iowa. At the time of his mar- riage he located on wild land in section 24, of Mount Sterling township, which he oc- cupied for fifty-three years. He bought other tracts of land at various times, and at one time was the owner of 800 acres. He has assisted each of his children to homes, and now lives with his daughter, Mrs. "Ward. In 1838, he married Martha Bell, born in Kentucky, January 1, 1818, daughter of Robert and Jennie Bell. She died January 7, 1892. He has four children living: Oliver H., married to Martha McMillian; Lewis 0,, married first to Columbia Sharon, and for his present wife, Julia Dennis; Ethan Allen, married Delia Sharon; and Mary, married to William Ward. Mr. Ferry is an ardent supporter of Republican princi- ples. In 1846, etc., when he was a Democrat, he was Justice of the Peace two terms. S RAN KLIN A. HAMMER, of the firm of Beatty «fe Hammer, dealers in all kinds of hardware and farmers' imple- ments, was born on the banks of the Sbenan- SCHUYLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 243 doah river, in Buckingham county, Virginia, April 10, 1829. He is the son of John Hammer, who, with two other brothers, had come from Germany prior to the Revolution. The family was started in this country by the grandfather of Mr. Franklin Hammer, who settled in Virginia, and lived and died there at an advanced old age. His son grew to manhood in Virginia, and participated in the war of 1812. After that war was over he moved to the Shenandoah valley and farmed in Rockingham county for some years, when he went to Morgan county, Illi- nois, and started his life in that State as a general mechanic and blacksmith and wagon- maker. In 1843, he removed to Beardstown and opened up a livery stable and hotel, which he ran until 1848, when he sold out and bought a farm six miles from Beards- town, and lived on it for some years, farm- ing and improving it to a great extent. At the end of that time he again moved to Beardstown, and died at the age of eighty, in 1868. He was a good man and citizen and well known pioneer. He was a Methodist in religion, and a Democrat in politics. He married in his native county. Miss Elizabeth Marica, of Virginia. She died on the farm in Cass county, at the age of forty-six. She was a member of the Lutheran Church. He was married a second time, to Cynthia l)al- ton. She died on the farm in Cass county, without issue, when quite old. Franklin is the only surviving member of his father's three children. He came to the State of Illinois in 1835, when but a small boy, with his parents, settling in Arcadia, Morgan county, Illinois; and later, in 1843, the family came to Beardstown, and his father settled on a farm in Cass county. Our sub- ject returned to Beardstown and was con- nected for many years in the livery business, buying and selling horses and preparing them for fancy roadsters. He was a true ad- mirer of the noble, intelligent animal, and his judgment in regard to the worth of a horse was very good. In the old days he could drive four-in-hand as well as a western stage driver. He still retains his fondness for them, and has all his old power of judg- ing them. In 1874, he sold out his livery and horse business, except as a breeder of the Hambletonian horses, that he continued until 1877, when he became president of the old Cass County Bank. He continued in this capacity until 1883, when he resigned in or- der to enter into a partnership with Mr. Beatty, he buying the stock of Mr. Rearick. He had been a stockholder in the Cass county bank ever since its organization in 1866. It had been previously an insurance business. The present firm of Beatty & Hammer is noted for the full line of reliable goods they carry. They are located on Main street. Mr. Hammer has always taken an active part in all the affairs of the town. He has made ju- dicial investments in various ways, and has made considerable money. Mr. Hammer was married in Cass county, to Miss Margaret A. Lee, of the same county of Cass. Her parents, Caleb and Matilda (Higgins) Lee, were natives of Maryland, and after marriagejcame, in 1828, to Cass county, Illinois, and settled there. He was a farmer, and spent the remainder of his life on the farm that he purchased upon coming to the county. Mrs. Hammer is the youngest of four children, and all were born in Cass county. She and her husband are the parents of two children living: John, in business with his father; and Nellie, wife of Charles Ireland, a conductor on the Ohio & Mississippi rail- road. Mr. Hammer is a Democrat in pol- 244 BIOORAPHIOAL REVIEW OF 0AS8, itics, and he and his wife are members of the Congregational Church. He has been the Treasurer and Assessor of the county one term. ^^■^xy-uW- ~^l/iru\^^ ^LLIAM T. ADAMS was born in Logan county, Kentucky, March 7, 1831. His father, Benjamin Adams, was born in Maryland, and his father was also from Maryland. He was also a farmer, who left Maryland for Kentucky about 1815, settled in Logan county and resided on his farm until his death. His wife's name was Sarah Bell, and she also died in Logan county. Benjamin Adams was about ten years old when his parents moved to Kentucky, and there he was reared, married and lived until 1830, when he came to Illinois and settled in what is now Brown county. He was accom- panied by his wife and three children. He made the entire journey by team, making it in three weeks. He rented land a mile north of Mount Sterling for one year, and then bought timber land in sections 2 and 3 of the same township. He at once built a log cabin, making a comfortable home, although he had to hew the logs and build it himself. He lived upon the same farm until his death in 1873. His wife's name was Perneta Clark, born in Logan county, Kentucky, whose father, Abner, came from North Carolina, an early settler of Logan county, where he lived until 1835. He then sold out and came to Illinois, and bought in what is now Missouri town- ship, improved his farm and resided there until his death. His wife's name was Nancy Gorham, of Kentucky. The mother of our subject is still living at the old home, aged eighty-six. He was two years old when he came with his parents to Illinois. Of course, in those days the people were obliged to live on game, fish and the product of their land. He, as many other pioneer boys, went to school in a log hut with seats of slabs. Holes in the side of the building served for windows. He resided with his father until his marriage, when he settled on the farm where he now resides. He married, September 21, 1854, Ann Eliza Buvinger, of Martinsburg, Virginia, born November 15, 1853. Her father was born in Maryland, and her grandfather in Germany. The latter located in Baltimore when he came to America, and continued there until his death. The father of Mrs. Adams was a hatter. He went when a young man to Virginia, and there married Margaret McCormick, and in 1834 moved to Cham- paign county, Ohio, and in 1852 came to Illinois. He purchased a home in Mount Sterling, and here I'esided until his death. Mr. and Mrs. Adams have four living chil- dren: Charles B., who married Sarah Briggs; Sarah, married to William Briggs; Thomas, married to Julia Harris; and William E. fS. NICHOLSON, editor of the Beards- town Illinoian, was born in Oldham, * Lancashire, England, in 1832. The family left Liverpool on the anniversary of the Queen's marriage, and, like so many emi- grants, had a slow passage to New Orleans, thence up the Mississippi river, settling at last, after a journey of eleven weeks with teams, at Jacksonville. In 1850 the family settled on improved lands near Beardstown. They farmed this land. Part of the family moved to Home, Peoria county, where the father died, aged, seventy-three years, four months and twenty-eight days. He had been a good, quiet citizen. The war of the Rebellion changed his politics and he became a decided SOSWTLES AND BBOWN 00UNTIE8. 245 Eepublican in his old age. His wife, for- merly Miss Mary Needham, died February 9, 1881. She had been a good, kind wife and mother, and both she and her husband were consistent members of the Methodist Church, having been so connected for thirty- five years. The subject of our sketch commenced life here as an office boy at the office of a paper of which he later became the proprietor and editor. The history of journalism in Beards- town began as early as 1834, when F. Arenz, the brother of Judge Arenz, became the editor of the Beardstown Chronicle and Illinoian, a kind of land advertiser. The next paper was started by Judge- Emmons in 1845, and this was later owned by C. 1). Dickinson, and he was followed by J. M. Sherman. Soon after it became the property of B. C. Drake, who ran it under the name of the Central lUinoian. When the war broke out the of- fice was closed and the editor enlisted. The paper was re-organized by R. S. Mitchell, the property becoming owned by a stock company. Following the election of 1863 it became the property of L. W. Keavis, who continued to be the owner until 1866. The next year the paper was the property of A. J. Miller and was edited by Judge Emmons, and in 1877 Mr. Nicholson became the manager and pro- prietor. He was his own editor, and except for a short interval in 1883, has continued to run it successfully as a semi-weekly, under the name of the Illinoian. He is a thorough and practical newspaper man and the columns display his ability. His paper is run in the interests of the Republican party, and he has taken hold of all matters that tend toward reform. He has always been agreat admirer of Abraham Lincoln and relates Mr. Lincoln's early experiences here with an especial pride and enthusiasm. He was married in this city, in 1860, to Miss J. D. 0. Harris, who came from Eng- land with her parents when a young woman. She died here in 1873, leaving four children, of whom but one is still living, Charles B., a member of the firm of Merry & Nicholson of St. Louis, Missouri. Mr. Nicholson was married for the second time, in this city, to Miss E. J. Buck. She was born, reared and educated in Cass county, and she has been a good wife and mother, and is an intelligent lady. Her one child is a son named Edgar E., a bright lad of twelve years. Mr. and Mrs. Nicholson aremembers of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He is a Republican in every sense. He has frequently been a dele- gate to the State and District Conventions and once a member of the State Central Com- mittee. ILLIAM W. GLAZE was born Feb- ruary 18, 1825, in Scioto county, Ohio. His father, Jacob Glaze, was born in the same county, but his father was a native of Virginia, although he died in Scioto. Mr. Glaze, Sr., was a farmer all his life, and died in the county where his entire life was spent, in 1844. His wife was a member of the Reardin family, a native of the same county as her husband, and she lived until 1891. She left three children living. William Glaze moved to Brown county in 1856, by team, with his family. Here he has remained ever since on the land he bought when he came to the county. He built a house when he brought his family, as the old one-story house that was on the place when he bought it burned down. Times were hard after his arrival in Illinois. The banks of the State were in bad repute and money was scarce. Mr. Glaze had a great deal of 246 BIOOBAPEIGAL REVIEW OF 0A88, difficulty in paying his taxes the first year. He served as Supervisor two terms. He married Miss Elizabeth M. Coleman, a native of Scioto county. They have six child- dren; May J., Maggie F., Carrie F., Julia H., Thomas H. and A. J. Mr. Glaze has been a member of the I. O. O. F. for twenty-six years and has filled all the important offices in the order. He once represented the order at the Grand Lodge. Two of his children live at home. HARLES BOCKEMEIER, general farmer and stock-raiser, was born in Prussia, not far from the river Rhine, August 16, 1835. His father, Charles, lived and died in Prussia, a blacksmith by trade. His wife came to the United States six months after his death, joining her sons in Cass county, dying at the age of eighty-two. She and her husband were life-long members of the Lutheran Church. Charles was a young single man when in 1854 he, set out for the United States. He took the usual route via New Orleans, Mississippi, Ohio and Illinois rivers, to Eeardstown, and joined his brother Casper, who had come here two years before. He has been in the county for more than thirty years, and what he now owns he has made by his own efforts. He has owned his present place for fourteen years. It consists of 160 acres, some well improved, and some very fine pasture land. He is at present Commissioner of road district No. 3, of Cass county. He was first married to Miss Barbara Gemming, of Germany, who came to the United States when a young woman. At her death she left three children: Mrs. Anna Flamme, of Pekin, Illinois; Mrs. Lena Her- ety, wife of a railroad employe, and Mrs. Emma Nortrup, of Scott county, Illinois. He was married a second time, near Beards- town, to Mrs. Loise Wubker; her maiden name was Loise Schewe. She was born in Prussia, came here when a young woman, was first married in Cass county, to Henry Wubker, and by that marriage had seven children. Mr. and Mrs. Bockemeier have two sons, Charles and William. They attend the Lutheran Church, and are highly re- spected members of it. Mr. Bockemeier is a sound Democrat and an excellent man. HOMAS L McDANNOLD, anexten- sive farmer of Pea Ridge township, was born in Bath county, Kentucky, July 5, 1826. His father, John, was born in Montgomery county, Kentucky, in 1797, and his father, Reuben-, was bora in Culpeper county, Virginia, in 1750; and his father, Alexander, was born near Aberdeen, Scot- land, coming to America in colonial times, and settled in Culpeper county, Virginia, where he spent the rest of his days. Reuben emigrated to Kentucky at an early day, secured a large tract of land, which he im- proved with slave labor, and resided there until 1834., then sold out and emigrated to Pike county, Missouri, settled near Clarks- ville, bought a farm and resided there until his death in 1854. John learned the trade of tanner and conducted the business in Owensville, Kentucky, and in connection with it engaged in the mercantile bnsine?E. He resided there until his death in 1834. He was a Whig in politics, and served several years as Sheriff of the county. In 1834 the mother of our subject emigrated to Illinois, making the journey in a two horse wagon. She located at Springfield, where two brothers lived. Her father gave her some land, a part SCHUYLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 347 of which is now included in the land in Springfield and the rest at Buffalo Pleart Grove. She married a second time, and lived near Springfield for a season, and then moved to Jacksonville and spent her last days there. Thomas was in his eighth year when they came to Illinois, and remembers many of the incidents of the journey. At that time Van- dalia was the capital of the Slate, and Spring- field was only a village of 2,000 inhabitants. There was no railroad in Illinois, and St. Lonis and Beard stown were the nearest mar- kets for supplies. He went to school at Springfield, and resided there until 1844, and then went to his grandfather's in Pike county, Missouri. He remained with his grandfather one year, and in 1845 came to Mount Ster- ling, and in the next year, in company with his brother-in-law. General Singleton, pur- chased a tract of land in Missouri township, which he occupied two years, and in 1848 purchased the place where he now resides. He is well known as a practical and success- ful farmer, and has purchased land at different times, and now owns some 400 acres. His improvements rank with the best in the county. He was married in March, 1849, to Mary Elizabeth Means, born in Lewis county, Ken- tucky, January 1, 1828. Her father. Major John Moans, was born in the same county, and his father, John Means, born in Penn- sylvania, went from there to Kentucky with his family and was one of the pioneers of Lewis county. The removal was made with pack-horses. He secured a tract of land on which he engaged in farming, and on which he remained until his death. His wife's name was Elizabeth Elton, born near Phila- delphia, and she died in Lewis county, at the age of ninety-six. The father of Mrs. Mc- Dannold learned the trade of a blacksmith. which he followed in Lewis county until 1835, and then with his wife and three chil- dren came to Illinois. He settled in that part of Schuyler county now included in Mount Sterling, and bought a tract of land one mile east of the city, and remained there until his death in 1863. The name of his wife was Martha Parker, born in Culpeper, Virginia, and died in Mount Sterling in 1884. Mr. and Mrs. McDannold have four living children: John J., Thomas R., George R. and Clara L. They are members of the Presbyterian Church. Mr. McDannold was formerly a Whig, but has been a stanch Re- publican ever since the formation of the party. For seventeen years he has been director on the County Agricultural Board, and for six years has been its vice-president. ^ EORGE W. WILLIAMS was born in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, March 17, 1826. He was the son of Thomas and Margaret (Young) Williams. The former was a native of New York, and died in St. Louis, Missouri, when George was about four years old. Mrs. Williams was born in Penn- sylvania, and died in Brown county, at the home of her son, aged seventy-eight. George W. Williams was bound out to the trade of saddler at the age of eight, and re- mained there until he was seventeen, working for his board and clothes. At the expiration of his apprenticeship, he hired out at ten dol- lars a month, and worked for six months be- fore he went to St. Louis, and worked under instructions for two years, and then traveled for two years. In 1849 he started a shop in St. Charles, Missouri, and continued there until the next year, when he started for Mt. Sterling. He remained there only one sum- mer, and then opened a shop in Versailles. 348 BIOGRAPHIOAL REVIEW OF CASS, In 1852 he sold out and crossed the plains to California with a team of oxen. He engaged in mining at Michigan Bar, and followed it for several months, when the city was burned. He then went to the mines, but that fall opened a shop in Red Bluff, and managed it until 1858. He then returned by way of New Orleans to Versailles, and again opened a shop. In a year or two he went on a farm, which he had bought previously, of 240 acres, partly improved. He built a log cabin 16 by 18 feet and lived there until 1863, when he built a two-story frame house and various farm buildings. Mr. Williams retired from farm work in the spring of 1891, and bought a nice house with twelve acres surrounding it ^n Mt. Sterling, just out of the city limits. He has been Assessor and School Director, He is a strong Democrat, though he cast his first vote for Taylor. Mr. Williams was married in Versailles, Illinois, October 11, 1858, to Miss Juliet Ross, of Kentucky. She was the daughter of Richard Ross. Mr. Ross is still living, but his wife is dead. Mr. and Mrs. Williams have four children yet living, three being dead. Those still living are: Frank, married and having a bag works at the old home; Lydia, married; Charley and Edith are at home. Both Mr. and Mrs. Williams are very esti- mable people, and are very influential among their large circle of friends. 4^ ^^ [ILLIAM B. MANLOVE was born in Schuyler county, December 28, 1830, near the town of Rushville- He is the son of Jonathan and Charity (Bo. denhamer) Manlove. The former was a far. mer of North Carolina, and came to this county in the fall of 1880, traveling over land all the way, and settled near Rushville, where he stayed the first winter. The next spring he went south and settled near Sugar Grove; and in 1834, he sold and moved to Birminghan township, and bought a farm where our subject still lives, of eighty acres. He put up a log house, in which the family lived. During the building of this house the father died, at the age of twenty- eight, leaving a wife and three children, of whom William was the eldest. The mother wove cloth for a living, and kept the old farm, and later married a second time, dying at the home of her son, William. William Manlove, Sr., was of English descent. The family were all farmers as well as can be ascertained. They left North Carolina on account of slavery. William stayed at home until he was nine- teen years old, assisting his mother and at. tending school in winter. After he became nineteen, he engaged to work for a neighbor at 50 cents a day, but worked for him only two months, and then went to his first free school,the other being a subscription school. He worked out by the month for a year, aud then returned home, and buying out the heirs settled there. He had one yoke of oxen at that time. He was married in 1853, to Miss Abigail Swisegood, who was born in North Carolina, and came with her parents to Illinois in 1846, being the daughter of John and Elizabeth Swisegood. She was one of six children, five yet living. At his marriage he had only a small farm, but by dint of hard labor he has increased it to 900 acres of as fine land as there is in the county. He commenced work, plowing corn at 25 cents a day, taking his pay in bread and meat, which he carried to his mother who hired him out. He never went into debt for anything, but by great economy and much SCHUTLBB AND BROWN COUNTIES. 249 self-denial he succeeded in buying some land, and afterward stock. He feeds two or three ears of cattle and hogs, and has always been a man devoted to his home. He voted the first time for Fillmore and the Eepublican ticket ever since, as his father was an old-line Whig. The whole family are considered good, honest people, and highly re- spected by everybody, making no pretensions. He built his present home in 1865, and was visited by the soldiers returning from the war. All of his land is in this township, and 600 acres of it is highly cultivated. He had six children, five living, namely: Eli, the eldest, is deceased; Laura A., John J., Isabell V., Tad J. and Em berry J. A grandson, William, a son of his oldest son, lives with them. (EORGE I. FIELDS was born in Wythe I? county, Virginia, May 16, 1837. His father, John D. Fields, was born in Rap- pahannock county, Yirginia. His grandfather was a native of Scotland and came to this country at an early date and settled near Richmond, Yirginia. Here he died at the advanced age of 100 years. Mr. John D. Fields was a brick mason and a farmer. He attended to his trade and had his sons work the farm. He lived on his farm until his death in October, 1868, when he was ninety- six years old. He was a Sergeant in the war of 1812, and made a fine record in the naval service, especially at Norfolk, Virginia. He was honorably discharged. He received his land warrant for 160 acres, which he sold. His wife's name was ISTancy E. Williams, a native of Culpeper county, Yirginia. She died in Wythe county, Yirginia, after a happy married life of sixty years. Mr. and Mrs. John D. Fields had seven children, three of whom are still living. Mr. George I. Fields is the youngest of the family. He left his home in 1867 and settled in Yersailles, Brown county, Illinois. Until that time lie had been a farmer, but from then until 1884 he was engaged in milling. Since then he has engaged in news- paper work as editor and publisher of the Yersailles Enterprise. He M'as married to Ellen P. McWane April 16, 1865. She was born in Nelson county, Yirginia, and is still spared to her family. They have had nine children, six of whom are still living, namely: Maggie V. Nancy E., Emma'J., Addie D., Louie and Stella May. Mr. Fields has been elected Tax Collector for the township seven times. He is a Re- publican in politics and is the Cliaplain of the blue lodge, A. F. & A. M. He connected himself with the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1870, and has been a Class-leader and ex- horter most of the time. Mr. and Mrs. Fields are worthy members of society and are greatly esteemed by their host of warm friends. fHOMAS RYAN, Supervisor of Buena Yista township, resides on section 20, ^ Schuyler county, Illinois. He was born October 20, 1845, and raised in this county. His parents were Charles and Mar- garet (Strong) Ryan. His father was born in Ohio, but removed with his parents to Frederick, Illinois, where he married, and settled in Buena Yista township in 1833. He was a brickmaker, and burnt the first brick ever made in Rushville. He also worked at the shoemaker's trade. He finally located on land in section 21, where he im- S50 BIOGRAPHICAL ME VIEW OE 0A8S, proved this f'ann of 120 acres, besides which he owned 320 acres more. He erected good substantial buildings on this place and otherwise improved and cultivated the land. Here he resided until the time of his death, which occurred January 9, 1891. His wife, mother of our subject, died December 16, 1879. They had eight children, five sons and three daughters: John, deceased; George, now residing in Texas (Grapevine); Cathar- ine, wife of Thomas Armstrong; Louisa, wife of Alexander Young; Charles, deceased; Thomas, the subject of our sketch; William; and Margaret E., wife of Thomas Stoughel. The subject of our sketch was reared on the home farm, and received liis education at the country schools of that district, residing at home until he was twenty-three years of age. In 1868, he was married to Ellen Shields, daughter of Joshua and Julia (Fut- ler) Shields. She was born in Ohio, June 16, 1847. Her parents were natives of Pennsyl- vania and New York, who came to Illinois in 1857, locating in Rushville. Mr. Shields served in the late civil war, being a member of the One Hundred and Nineteenth Regi- ment, and died while in the army. His wife, mother of Mrs. Ryan, is still living, in Can- ton, Illinois. Mr. and Mrs. Ryan have had twelve chil- dren, eight of whom are living, the latter be- ing Martin, Josie, Homer, Minnie, Herman, Clarence, Lula and Lena, the last two being twins. Mr. Ryan is one of the most successful farmers of the county, owning 160 acres of highly improved and cultivated land, devoted to mixed husbandry. He has a comfortable home and large barns for his grain and stock, besides other modern improvements. Politically, he aflSliates with the Demo- cratic party, and has been honored by his con- stituents by being elected to the office of Supervisor of his township. He is a respected member of the commun- ity on account of his many admirable traits of character, and has the good will of a large circle of acquaintances. ^ P^ENRY D. RITTER was born August 6, 1819, son of Michael and Barbara E. (Schafer) Ritter. The former was born in 1795, being of German ancestry. By occupation he was a stone mason, and in 1812 he went to the German and French war and served as a soldier for nineteen or twenty years, and was an officer at the time of his death, at the age of fifty-one years. He was the son of Reinhart Ritter, who were natives of the same place. They were farmers. Sub- ject's mother was born in Germany in 1796, and died when about sixty-five. Her parents lived to be very old people. Henry was one of seven children, two of whom are living, and he is the eldest. He remained at home until he was twenty-five years old and worked as a clerk. He sailed in the Mentor for America from Bremen, Prussia, and arrived in New York after a voyage of six weeks. Here he remained for eighteen months, engaged in painting and the manufacture of parasols and umbrellas. From there he went to Virginia and followed the business of painting houses for three years, when he married and came to Ohio, settling in Fayette county, where he bought a house and four acres of land, and there lived until 1854, when he sold and came to Illinois in the fall, settling where he now lives. Here he bought 120 acres of land, which he im- proved, and in the same winter he added eighty acres to the farm. There was a log ^OHUTLES. AJUD SHOWN OUUNTIES. 251 house on the land in which they lived until 1861, when he built his present house. He later bought 120 acres, and then eighty acres more, making in all 400 acres. He rents al- most all of his land, and has practically re- tired from active business. Mr. Ritter has always been a Democrat, and has tilled nearly every office in the county. He was School Trustee and Assessor for twenty years, Jus- tice of the Peace for twelve years. Constable and Coroner four years, Sheriff two years. Commissioner two years, Supervisor eight years, and was chairman of the Board of Su- pervisors for a time, and he is considered one of the most prominent men in the county. He was married April 24, 1848, by Rev. William N. Scott, near Petersburg, Hardy county, Virginia, to Miss Lucinda E. Hall, born in Virginia on the south side of Blue Ridge mountains, April 13, 1823. She was a daughter of James and Judy (Taylor) Hall. James Hall was a native of Virginia, and fol- lowed farming. When Mrs. Ritter was three years old the family moved to Rockingham couuty, Virginia, where they lived several years and then moved to Hardy county, and bought a farm, on which he erected a log house, where he lived a year or two, and then built a new and better hewn-log house in another neighborhood, about a mile from the first one. Here he spent the remainder of his life, dying at the advanced age of one hundred and two years, on his birthday. He was the father of eighteen children, seven boys by his iirst wife and eleven children by the second one, Judy Taylor. Seven of the latter are still living. One of the sons, Henry, by the latter marriage, was starved to death in one of the prisons of Richmond, Virginia, during the war of the Rebellion. Mrs. Judy Hall was a native of Virginia, and a daughter of George Taylor. She died in Hardy county, aged seventy years. Mrs. Ritter and her brother went to school in the old subscription schools where the parents paid according to the number of children sent; and Mr. Hall had so many children he could not afford to send more than two or three at a time. Mrs. Ritter remembers her first teacher, a Mr. Nick Hawk, who managed to keep school the entire year in a log house with benches of slabs, without backs. Their slates and pencils were pieces of soapstone and slate that they could find in the neighborhood of the school. Mr. and Mrs. Ritter have had eleven chil- dren, nine yet living: Mary E., married Cal- vin Hill; Judy V. married Henry C. Hill, seven children, six yet living; Justina C. married Calvin S. Hill, eight living children ; Calvin Z. married Viola Weatherby; George W. married Sylvina Weatherby, one child; Douglas J., at home with his father at work on the farm; Elisa Jane, married William H. McDaniel, five children; James H. S. mar- ried Mattie Shelton, four children ; Franklin W. living at home; Martha O. and Martha Ann died when small. Mr. Ritter is a member of A. F. & A. M. Lodge, No. 108, at Versailles, and the Mere- dosia Chapter and Council, No. 56, and also of I. O. O. F., Irene Lodge, No. 72. of Ver- sailles, and Encampment of I. O. O. F. He follows general mixed farming and is a well educated man, being educated in Ger- many. PSENKY F. WITTE, a practical farmer and stock-raiser, lives on a good farm in section 3, township 18, range 11, where he owns 120 acres of fine prairie land and forty acres of timber. He bought this 253 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OF OASS, land in 1862 and has since been successful as a farmer. He was born in Harford, Men- den, Westphalia, Prussia, Germany, on August 9, 1824. He is the son of Fred and Minnie (Isserman) "Witte, natives of Prussia, Germany, where they married and began life as farmers. There, too, all the family was born, and in 1855 the parents, with three children, set out for this country, taking passage on a sailing vessel, the Berker, from Bremen, leaving September 8, 1856, and landed in New Orleans after a voyage of nine weeks and two days. From there they came up to Beardstowii on a steamer, landing here November 24, 1855. Here tlie parents lived and died, the father when about seventy years old and the mother when ten years younger. They were members all their lives of the Lutheran Church. Henry had two brothers and a sister that finally came to this country, Henry being the only one now living. He was a single man when he made the voyage and worked for two years in the Park House and brick yards in Beardstown. In 1856 he was married in Beardstown to Minnie Vette, born near the birthplace of her husband. Her mother had died in Ger- many, and her father, Fred Vette, followed his daughter to the United States and spent his last years, dying in Cass county when nearly eighty years old. He and his wife were life-long members of the Lutheran Church. Mrs. Witte had come to the United States when a young woman, in 1855, on the same vessel that brought her future husband. They were married about eighteen months after landing. They have lived and labored to build up a good home. They have reared a large and intelligent family of eight chil- dren, two deceased, Carrie and Edward, aged eight years and one month, respectively. Those living are: William H., a farmer in Arenzville, married Sophia Roegge of this county; Bertha, wife of Ed. Krohe, in Hickory precinct; Anna, wife of Frank Lebknecher, farmer in this county; Mariah, wife of Albert Krohe of Hickory precinct; Lizzie, wife of William E.oegge, a farmer near Arenzville; and MinniCi who is still at home and cares for her parents. She is an intelligent and accomplished young lady and is greatly beloved by her parents. The entire family are members of the German Lutheran Church, and Mr. Witte is a stanch Re- publican. When Mr. Witte was a young man he traveled extensively in Germany, and was in the regular German army from 1845 to 1847, but was not in the Revolution of 1848. He and his family are highly respected by all who know them. HOMAS KNIGHT was born in Corn- wall county, near Land's End, England, August 14, 1836. His father, Thomas Knight, was also born in Cornwall, of Cor- nish parents, and followed the trade of cooper until he came to this country in 1846. He first settled in Meredosia and then came into Cass county, where the family has since made their home. The father had brought a little money with him and was able to buy forty acres of land. He became a farmer, which business was entirely new to him. He was very industrious and had good judgment and all the family became well off. The father died there, after having increased his property to 264 acres. His wife survived him some years, and died when past four-score years. She was remarkable for being a very beautiful old lady and a very consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Jt.: ; /^/^^^^4^ 'l^ SOSUYLEB AND BROWN COUNTIES. 258 Mr. Knight is one of a family of six, of which all are still living. He is one of the wealthy and iniiuential men of JBeardstown, and is now living at the corner of Eleventli and Washington streets, where he recently purchased a fine home, and has lived here ever since he retired from active life on his farm. He has been a successful farmer and stock-raiser in Hickory precinct. He was a progressive farmer and kept up with the times. His possessions amount to 520 acres, most of it under the plow and suppled with the iinest improvements. As he was only ten years of age when he reached Cass County, he is one of the oldest settlers of the county. Mr. Knight was married in Beardstown, to Emma Dunn of Cornwall, England, where she was reared. She came to Illinois with her brothers when yet a young girl and set- tled in Cass county, where she and her brother John still reside. Mr. and Mrs. Knight have six children. Robert, who married Delia Thiveaght, daughter of a farmer of Monroe, Illinois; Minnie married Fayette Post, a railroad conductor on the Ohio & Mississippi, living in Beardstown; Myrtle married L. W. Berry, train dispatcher on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad; Al- bert and Eddie are at home, as is also the youngest, Clarence Lloyd. Mrs. Knight and some of the children are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Knight, since he became of age, has become a Democrat, and his party elected him to the office of County Commissioner. He is a strong local worker for his party. I^ICHARD WATSON MILLS, one of the ^^^ leading attorneys of Cass county, Illi- ^l\ nois, was born in Jacksonville, Morgan county, this State, August 3, 1844. 18 Plis father, Chesley Mills, was born near Lebanon, Tennessee, son of James Mills, a native of the eastern shores of Maryland, James Mills was born during Revolutionary times, a son of John Mills, who lost his life in the Revolutionary war, and in Maryland he was reared. When a young man he went to Tennessee, married the daughter of Isaac Lindsey, located a few miles from the Her- mitage, and resided there until 1808. That year he removed to the Territory of Missouri and located three miles from Hannibal, being one of the earliest settlers there. He im^ proved a large farm and resided on it till the time of his death. Isaac Lindsey, his father- in-law, was a resident of Eastern Maryland at the l)reaking out of the Revolutionary war. He was loyal to the crown, but preferred not to fight on either side; so he sought the furtherest bounds of civilization, taking up his abode in the wilderness eight miles from the Hermitage. At that time the Indians were numerous and often there was trouble with them. For a long time the Settlers all lived in block houses. He improved a farm in the locality which is still known as Lind- sey's Bluff, and resided there till his death. Chesley Mills learned the trade of plasterer and bricklayer, which he followed till his death, in 1844. He married Harriet Cadwell, a native of Edwardsville, Madison county, Illinois, born on January 10, 1814, daugh- ter of Dr. George Cadwell. Dr. Cadwell was born and reared in Yermont, and in 1799 went to Kentucky with his father-in-law, Matthew Lyon. He objected strenuously to the institution of slavery, and in 1804 came to the Territory of Illinois, becoming one of the original settlers of Madison county. He re- sided there till 1820, when he went to Mor- gan county with his wife and children, mak- ing the journey with flatboats via the Missis- 254 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OF CASS, sippi and Illinois rivers to Naples. He located near Lynnville, being the iirst physi- cian to settle in Morgan county, and continued practice there till the time of his death. The maiden name of his wife, grandmother of the subject of our sketch, was Parmelia Ljon. She was born in Vermont. Her father, Matthew Lyon, was born in Ireland, of Scotch ancestry, and when a young man came to America and located in Vermont, where he married the daughter of Governor Chitten- den, the first governor of Vermont. He took part in the Revolutionary war and attained the rank of General. After the war, he repre- sented Vermont two terms in Congress. He was the first victim under the Sedition Act, the charge being that of speaking disrespect- fully of John Adams, the President of the United States. He was sentenced to six months' imprisonment and hr^ed |1,000; served his time in jail and paid his fine. In 1799, he emigrated to Kentucky ai^d located in Lyon county, which is named in honor of him. He' founded the town of Eddyville, the county seat of Lyon county, ^nd became a prominent and wealthy man. He was a slave owner and trader. "While residing there he was sent as a representative to Congress. He removed from Kentucky to the Territory of Arkansas, was among the pioneers of Helena, and soon after his arrival there was sent as delegate to Congress. He died in Arkansas about 1825. The mother of onr subject now resides in Jacksonville. She reared five children: Thomas, spent his last years in Dakota; Emily, married Thomas W. Jones, of Ritchie, Will county, Illinois; Martha, married Henry Demarest; George, resides in San Francisco, California, and is a member of the Judson Manufacturing Company of Oakland. Richard W. Mills received his early educa- tion in the district schools. He was in his seventeenth year when the war broke out, and he enlisted in Company B, Tenth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and went with the com- pany to Cairo. He was there rejected on ac- count of his age, and returned home. He had been at home, however, only a few days when he again enlisted, this time in Company F, Nineteenth Illinois Volnnteer Infantry, and was accepted. He went South with his regi- ment and remained with it till after his term of service had expired. He participated in the battles of Stoiie River and Mission Ridge, and was in the reserve at Chickaraauga. After his return home he received an academic edu- cation at Jacksonville, after which he taught school four years. During that time he com- menced the study of law with Judge Cyrus Epler, and in May, 1870, was admitted to the bar. He practiced with Judge Epler till 1871, and January 6 of that year he came to Virginia, where he has since been engaged in a successful law practice. February 4, 1873, he married Matilda A. Tate, a native of Cass county, Illinois, and a daughter of Dr. Harvey Tate. She died March 26, 1884. His second marriage was consummated November 29, 1889, with Nellie W. Epler, a native of Cass county, her parents being William and Jennie Epler. Mr. Mills is a member of Virginia Lodge, No. 544, A. F. & A. M.; Clark Chapter, No. 29, R. A.M.; Hospitaller Commandery, No. 31, K. T. Politically, he has always affilia- ted with and been an ardent and efficient worker in the Republican party. He has served as Master in Chancery. Mrs. Mills' father, William Epler, a resi- dent of the city of Virginia, was born in what is now Princeton precinct, Cass county, Illi- nois, April 15, 1835. His father, John Ep 80HUYLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 255 ler, was born in that part of Lancaster now included in Dauphin county, Pennsylvania, April 15, 1795. His father, the great-grand- father of Mrs. Mills, Abram Epler, wa5 born in the same locality. His father, great-great- grandfather of Mrs. Mills, John Epler, was born in Germany, and was reared there to young manhood, and in 1734, with his brother Peter, came to America. They located near Reading, Berks connty, Pennsylvania. They were Lutherans and established a church of that denomination there. Peter's descendants removed to Northumberland county; John's removed to that part of Lancaster now in- cluded in Dauplin county in 1768. He pur- chased a tract of land there, which he occupied till his death in 1782. A natural bowlder marks his resting place, upon which is in- scribed a shield, his name and the date of his death. The farm which he owned is now in possession of his great-great-grandson. He reared three sons and one daughter. Abram Epler was reared and married in Pennsylvania, and resided there till 1798. Then, with his wife and three children, he re- moved to Kentucky, making the journey across the mountains with teams, down the Ohio river on flatboats to the Falls of the Ohio, landing at the site of the present city of Louisville, ^e reniained there two years; then crossed the river into Northwest Terri- tory, and located in what is now included in Clark county, Indiana. There he erected a log cabin in the wilderness. In 1807 he built a stone house there, which is still stand- ing, it being the oldest stone house, in a good state of preservation, in the State of Indiana. He resided there until 1832, when he came to Illinois. He died in Cass county in 1837. The maiden name of his wife was Anna Old- weiler. She was born in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, October 26, 1768, and died at the home of her son George, May 3, 1847. There were eleven children born to them, all of whom reached adult years: Elizabeth Nor- ris, John, Nancy Austin, Abram, Catherine, Blizard, Jacob, David, Sarah Weir, Isaac, George, Mary Short. John Epler, grandfather of Mrs. Mills, was but three years old when his parents moved to Kentucky, and five years old when they moved to the Northwest Territory. There he was reared and married. He resided in Clark county till 1831, when with his wife and six children, he came to Illinois; made the journey with teams, and after three weeks' travel landed in Cass county. He bought a tract of land on which he engaged in farm- ing and was very successful in his operations. From time to titne he purchased other lands until he became the owner of 1,200 acres in Cass and Morgan counties. He spent the last years of his life in Virginia and died May 25, 1876. The maiden name of his wife was Sarah Bego-s. She was born in what is now Clark county, Indiana, April 28, 1800. Her father, Charles Beggs, was born in Rock- ingham county, Virginia, October 30, 1775, and his father, Thomas Beggs, was born in the same county. He took part in the Rev- olutionary war and died in the service. Charles Beggs was reared and married in Vir- sinia, and resided there till 1798, when he moved to Kentucky. In 1799 he removed to the Northwest Territory and settled in that part now included in Clark county, Indiana. He served in the war of 1812, and fought with Harrison at the battle of Tippecanoe; was an old Whig, and personal friend of Gen- eral Harrison; served in both the Indiana Territorial and State Legislatures; resided in Clark county till 1829. In 1829 he came to Illinois and was one of the pioneers of Mor- gan county. He bought a tract of land and 256 BIOaRAPHlGAL REVIEW OF OASS, resided on it till his death, October 21, 1869. The maiden name of his wife was Martha Trnmbo. She was born in Rockingham county, Virginia, March 16, 1778, and died May 12, 1811. Four of her children grew to maturity: Elizabeth, Sarah, Mary and George. The grandmother of Mrs. Mills died January 11, 1882. Twelve of her children were reared : Charles, Abram, Cyrus, Mary A. Barrett, Sarah Fairbank, Elizabeth Hall, John M., William, David, Myron L., Ellen Prince, and Albert G. William Epler, father of Mrs. Mills, was reared in his native county, and received his early education in the pioneer schools here, and subsequently attended Illinois College, Jacksonville. He has been prominently iden- tified with the business interests uf Virginia many years. The maiden name of IVtrs. Ep- ler, wife of William Epler, was Jane Abigail Woodman. She was born at Paw Paw, Mich- igan, March 6, 1838. From a genealogical record of the Woodman family, compiled by Jabez H. Woodman, we learn that there were two brothers, Edward and Archalaus Wood- man, natives of Christian Malford, aparish in Wiltshire, England, came to America in 1635, and settled in Newbury, Massachusetts. There descendants are numerous and are scattered in various parts of the United States. It seems from this that Mrs. Mills is a descend- ant of Edward. The second in line was his son Edward, the third in linie his son Archa- laus, the next in line Archalaus' son Joseph, born May 4, 1714. He married Bridget Wil- ley in 1762. He died in Wheelock, Vermont, November, 1807. His son John, great grand- father of Mrs. Mills, married Sarah Foy. He died at Lyndon, Vermont, December 6, 1853, aged ninety years. His son, David Wood- man, grandfather of Mrs. Mills, was born in New England, July 27, 1793. He removed from New England to New York State, thence to Michigan, and from there to Oketo, Kan- sas, where bis death occurred August 28, 1892, aged ninety-nine years and one month. His wife, grandmother of Mrs. Mills, was Abigail Gray. The mother of Mrs. Mills died in the State of Nebraska, October 2, 1863, in the twenty-sixth year of her age. Mr. Epler, father of Mrs. Mills, now has a piece copied from an English history, that was published •in 1615, that gave an account of the trial and burning at the stake at Lewis, in Sussex, England, of Richard Woodman, June 22, 1557, on account of his religious convictions. He was tried before the Bishops of Chiches- ter and Winchester. He was very tenacious of his opinions, as are said to be some of the Woodmans of the present day. The parents of Mrs. Mills were married at the home of the bride's brother-in-law, Colonel John B. Cul- ver, at Duluth, Minnesota, April 12, 1859. At that time Duluth was an Indian trading post, and they were the first white settlers ever married there. Mr. Epler was there in the employ of the United States Government as a civil engineer. g:^IRAM JAQUES was born in Schoharie county. New York, August 17, 1814. He was the son of Jesse and Maria (Boice) Jaques. They both died in New York. They had twelve children, but only one or two are living. Hiram remained at home with his parents until their death, when he worked by the month until the spring of 1837, when he came to Illinois by the Ohio, Mississippi and Illinois rivers, with one of his brothers and two neighbors. They first built a mill race, working it by day, month or job for two years, and then took an interest SCHUYLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 357 in a saw and grist mill, and later bought it all and 200 acres of land. Mr. Jaques was married in lS38Jor 1839, to Nancy Reeves of Kentucky, where her father and mother were early settlers. They had very few neighbors, but there was an abundance of wild game. Mr. Jaques has lived on the farm he first purchased ever since his marriage, except two or three years. He first built a log house in which they lived until the present one was built. They have had nine children, four of whom are yet living: Louisa, wife of Dr. Scanland (see sketch); Alma, married, and has one child; he served four years during the late war, was wounded three times, and now re- sides at Colorado Springs; JSTephi Jaques served in the Tenth Illinois Cavalry two years and has since died, leaving two children ; Eachel, who married Mr. Scanland, and has three children living; George, married, and has two children ;Walace W., married. Mr. Jaques has always been ah Andrew Jackson Democrat, and now votes the People's ticket, as he is now a member of that party, although he voted for Andrew Jackson. He has been engaged in general farming all his life, and he and his wife are greatly respected by all who know theih. |EORGE D. UTTER, a prosperous farmer and stock-raiser of Frederick, Schuyler county, Illinois, was born in that place on November 13, 1846, the youngest child of John and Charlotte (Brines) Utter. Both of hisparents were natives of Allegany county, New York, where the father was born No- vember 11, 1810, and the mother April 11, 1807. In 1815, when five years of age, his father came to Palmyra, Illinois, where his youth and early manhood were spent. He was there married to Charlotte Brines, De- cember 5, 1834, and in 1839 removed with his wife and family to Schuyler county, same State, settling on the Rushville road, near 1 'leasant Yiew. There he and his worthy wife spent their remaining days, rearing six chil- dren, two boys and four girls, of whom two boys and one girl now survive. October 15, 1887, the family were called upon to mourn the loss of the devoted wife and mother, who had unselfishly watched over their interests for so many years. On February 14, of the following year, the honest, hard-working father also departed this life, as if unable to endure separation from his beloved com- panion. Both of these worthy people enjoyed the esteem of their entire community. George, whose name heads this biography, was the baby of the family, and now weighs 240 pounds, which shows what Illinois can produce under favorable circumstances. He was trained to farm life and educated in the public schools of his native county, and now resides within one mile of his birthplace. By industry, economy and careful manage- ment, he has accumulated a competence for himself and family. He owns an excellent farm of 240 acres, which was originally pur- chased by his father, and is numbered among the successful farmers of Schuyler county. March 14, 1867, he was married in Schuy- ler county, to Miss Priscilla J. Ward, who was born in Bainbridge, that county, April 10, 1848. Her parents, Apollos and Jane (Bramble) Ward, were among the first settlers of Schuyler county. Her father was a native of Hamilton county, Ohio, where he was born July 29, 1805. Her mother was born Feb- ruary 28, 1815, and their marriage occurred June 23, 1835. Her mother still survives, and is universally respected. 258 BIOORAPHIOAL REVIEW OF 0A3S, Mr. and Mrs. Utter have seven children: Arthur Frank, born January 9, 1868, married Clara Bradman February 27, 1889, and lives on a farm near by; Albert Marion, born Oc- tober 29, 1870; Alice May, born September 4, 1873; Pulaski, born November 30, 1876; Amy Florence, born January 10, 1880; Mary Viola, born October 21, 1883; and Cora Minnie, born October 30, 1889. All of these are under the parental roof, and form a typi- cal happy family. Politically, Mr. Utter affiliates vpith the Democratic party. Religiously, he and his wife are prominent members of the Method- ist Episcopal Church South. Mr. Utter's prosperity is due to his per- sistent efforts and honorable dealings in all the walks of life. He is one of the repre- sentative men of his county, and deservedly enjoys the esteem of his fellow men. SEAN KLIN L. ANGIEE, chief clerk of the Locomotive and Car Department of the St. Louis Division of the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad, was born in Vermont at Waterbury, where he was reared until twelve years of age. He was the son of Aaron Angler of New Hampshire. His father was American of French ancestry. Aaron was a Baptist clergyman and married in Vermont, Miss Eliza Luther. She came of good family of Scotch descent. After marrying. Rev. Mr. Angier continued his work in the church of his faith until 1850, when he moved to New York State, and after four years moved to Illinois in 1854. He died a few months after his arrival in this State, in Bureau county, while yet in active work, being then only forty-seven. He was a hard-working, logical preacher, fluent talker and a worthy citizen. His wife survived him until 1863, and then died at the age of fifty- four. They had ten children. When Franklin Angier was twelve they removed to Elbridge, New York, and here he was educated until he was sixteen, when the family removed to Illinois, where he has since resided. Except three years in the army, he has been engaged in clerical work. He enlisted from Geneva, Illinois, in Sep- tember, 1861, in Company B, Fifty-second Illinois Volunteer Infantry, Captain E. A. Bowen and Colonel Wilson in command. The latter named official did not retain his command very long, but was succeeded by Colonel T. W. Sweeny. The regiment was in the Fifteenth Army Corps of the Army of the Tennessee. They fought their first battles at Fort Donelson, Shiloh and siege of Cor- inth and battle of Corinth under General Rosecrans, and in October, 1863, Mr. Angier was discharged, and in May, 1864, re-enlisted and joined Company G, One Hundred and Thirty-ninth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, remaining until expiration of service, Octo- ber 28, 1864. They were garrisoned at Cairo, jllinois. He served in the capacity of First Lieutenant all the time he was in the One Plundred and Thirty-ninth Regiment. After coming to this State Mr. Angier lived in Bureau county for a short time, and was married there to Adaline Smith, born in Rochester, New York, in 1838, but was reared in Illinois, where her parents had moved when she was young. Her father, Alonzo Smith, was a farmer and died in Bureau county in 1865, when in middle life. His wife is still living and resides with her daughter Mrs. Angier. She is eighty-four. She has been a worthy member of the Baptist Church for years. SOHUTLEB AND BROWN OOUNTIES. 259 Mr. and Mrs. Angier are members of the Baptist Church. Mr. Angier is a Republi- can in politics, and a Master Mason, being a member of Cass Lodge, No. 23, and Clarke Chapter, No. 29, of Beardstown. He has been Master and is now Secretary of the lodge. Is a member of McLane Post, No. 97, Grand Army of the Republic. They have seven children: Mary, wife of C. E. Sperry, a painter of Aurora, Illinois; Frank is a clerk under his father and married Maude Foster; Florence is at home; Carl and Earl (twins), and Charles and Dana are all four at home. They all have received the advantage of a good education and are refined, intelligent young people. !RED KROHE was born in Cass county, September 30, 1849, and was reared in Beardstown, which has been his home. He is the son of Fred Krohe, Sr., who was born in Saxony, Germany, May 8, 1809, and who died November, 1880, in Beardstown. He was a young man when with his parents he came to the United States. He married in Cincinnati, Sophia Hoverkluf, who was born in Hanover, Germany, in 1816, and died Marcli 20, 1888. She had come with her parents to the United States to Cass county, both dying there. She had a family of six children, of whom three are living. Mr. Krohe is a man who has devoted his time to his business and the amassing of a fortune. He has now retired and is living in Beardstown, and is living on the corner of Washington and Third streets. H& has made a fortune and owns some very valuable prop- erty, and is owner of the opera-house block and some fine property in the county. He has lived in this county all his life, except three years in Omaha, Nebraska, where he has some property interests. He was married in Beardstown, to Elizabeth Stock of Cass county, a native of the same ounty. She was born February, 1846. She cwas reared and educated in this county and is the daughter of Henry and Elizabeth Stock, natives of Prussia. Mr. and Mrs. Stock, were wealthy and well-known members of the county, and were members of the Lutheran Church. Mrs. Erohe died at St. Louis, May 9, 1892; she was a good and worthy woman, who had always lived in Cass .county and was associ- ated with its history. Since her death Mr. Krohe has lived in his home at Beardstown. HOMAS H. CARTER was born in Little York, York county, Pennsyl- vania, October 11, 1823. His father, Bnshnell Carter, a native of Connecticut, came when a young man to Pennsylvania, where he nlarried Julia L. Barber, an esti- mable lady. He was an educated man, a suc- cessful lawyer, and died in early manhood. After the death of his mother our subject was taken by his father to an uncle in Connecti- cut, and there he grew to manhood. When twenty years of age he became a school teacher, and so continued until 1847, when he went to Canfield, Ohio, where he began the study of law under Judge Newton. He was admitted to the bar in 1852, after grad- uating from Ballston, New York. About this time, with a young wife, he made his way to Beardstown, and engaged in partnership in a general law business with a cousin. Car- ter Van Vleck, who had come here some years before. In later years he was connected in a legal way with Henry Philips, of Virginia, Illi- nois, but after some years he had sole charge 260 BIOORAPHIGAL REVIEW OF 0AS8, of the business himself. He became well- known through the State as one of the legal lights of the day, and has figured in it promi- nently. He has amassed a good farm prop- erty in Missouri, which is still in the family. He was not a politician, bnt he had been City Attorney of Beardstown, and from 1858 to 1861 he was Postmaster of the place. He was held in high esteem for his upright char- acter and good qualities. He was a Demo- crat, a Master Mason, a good moral man and a great lover of home. He was married to Miss Maria L. Feck, in Warren, Litchfield county, Connecticut, where he was reared. She was born in the same place December 13, 1825, and was a daughter of Phineas and Phoebe (Taylor) Peck, both of Litchfield. Mr. Peck was a farmer and purchased the old Peck home- stead, which is yet in the family. His death occurred July 11, 1870, at the age of seventy- seven. He was a strong, active man, and both he and his wife were members of the Con- gregational Church, as are also their children. Mr. and Mrs. Carter had one son, Augustine P., now chief clerk of Superintendent John- son of the Montana Central Railroad of Helena, Montana. He married Miss Frances B. Henderson, of Monmouth, a daughter of Colonel Henderson, a prominent man of "Warren county. Mr. and Mrs. Augustine Carter and wife have one bright daughter, Marcia P., named for her grandmother. Mr. Carter died while in Peoria, HHnois, for treatment, on March 19, 1886, leaving to his many friends a memory most pleasing to cherish. lEORGE HENRY EIFERT settled in Schuyler county, January 13, 1857. He was born in Hesse-Darmstadt, Ger- many, February 11, 1823. He had five broth- ers and two sisters; the former all came to the United States, where the brother, John, died in Schuyler county; George also died there, while Ludwig died in this county; Valentine went away during the civil war, and was never heard from again. George was the youngest, but his father died when only forty-one years old, so he had to work very hard, as there were nine small children left. He came to the United States and first stopped in Maryland with a Dunkard preacher two years, when the minister sent him to Ohio. He went to Preble county, Ohio, and in 1854 he sent to Germany for Margaret Roth. She came to America from Hesse-Darmstadt in 1826, June 21, all by herself. When she arrived in Ohio she and Mr. Eifert were. married. In 1855 they came to Illinois and rented land in Schuyler county, which was but little improved. Here he passed his remaining years. Before his death he became the owner of 417 acres Of land and put up fine buildings on the land, and be also raised stock. His death oc- curred November 17, 1884. His wife is still living on the homestead. They had four children: George, Charles W. and two who died in infancy. Mr. Eifert was a Democrat in politics, a Methodist in religion, and was an earnest, good man, dying happy and satisfied. When he was married he borrowed $50, and that was all he had. When he came to Illinois he was worse off yet, as he then had only |20. He purchased a stove and wash- tub, and they began housekeeping without a chair, table, knife or fork, and slept on the floor a whole month before they could afi^ord to buy a bedstead, but they ^worked hard and prospered. George Eifert is the elder son of George and Margaret Eifert. He was born in Preble SOHUTLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 261 county, Ohio, August 6, 1856. The family came to Illinois, and he has since resided here, where he has followed farming. He was married, November 17, 1878, to Sarah Hale, daughter of William and Mar- garet Hale (see sketch). She was born in Schuyler county, Illinois, in 1858. They have two children: Carl and Warren. Mr. Eifert has part of the old homestead, where he follows stock-raising. He is a Democrat in politics and a member of the Methodist Church South. He and his wife are highly respected citizens of their section, and are admired by every one who knows them. Ef ' + - fAMES B. MOORE, a soldier in the late war, was born in Newark, Delaware, November 26, 1819. His father, John, was born in the same place, October 9, 1791, and his grandfather, Archibald, was a native of Jamestown, Virginia. The great-grand- father of our subject was born in Ireland, of Scotch ancestry, and came to America and settled in Virginia, where he spent his last years. Archibald moved from Virginia to Newark, Delaware, bought land from Joseph Eagle, and there spent his last years as a far- mer. The farm is still owned by his descend- ants. The name of his wife was probably McDonald, and as far as known, she spent her entire life in Newcastle county. John always followed agricultural pursuits, and the house where he was born was his home throughout his entire life. His wife was Mary Webb Temple of Chester county, Pennsyl- vania, whose father, Samuel, was born in the same locality, and whose grandfather, Caleb, was also a natire of Pennsylvania. He was a Magistrate for several years under King James. He was an extensive land owner, SCHUYLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 379 owning the land, iuclndlng Chad's Ford and Bnruinghain in Chester county, where the battle of Brandywine was fought. He spent his last years in Chester county, was a Quaker, and reared his family in the same faith. The grandfather of our subject was an extensive farmer and stock-raiser, and spent his last days in Chester county. His wife was Elizabeth Clements. The mother of James died near Newark, Delaware, October 1883, aged eighty-three. James was reared and educated in Newark, attending school quite steadily until twenty years of age, when he engaged in farming for five years; He then became a merchant for one year, but sold out and turned his atten- tion to the study of law in the office of John M. Clayton, and in 1848 was admitted to the bar, and the same year came to Mt. Sterling. He practiced here until his enlistment, July 15, 1861, in Company G, Third Illinois Cav- alry, and served eight months. He was hon- orably discharged on account of disability incurred in the service. He then accepted the position of Provost Marshal of the Ninth Illinois District, and served in that capacity two and one-half years. On account of fail- ing eyesight, he resigned and returned home. Although not totally blind, he is so nearly so as to incapacitate him for the practice of his profession, and he lives retired in his pleasant home he has built in Mt. Sterling. He married Cordelia Merritt on September 8, 1851. She was born in Naples, Illinois. Her father, Joseph, was born in Sussex county, Delaware, July 16, 1803. "When he was eight years old his parents went to Ohio. The removal was made with two horses at- tached to a cart. They located in Pickaway county, where they lived until 1828, and then moved to Illinois, and were among the first settlers of Morgan county. Later they bought land in Pea Ridge township, lived there until 1850, when they came to Mt. Sterling, where they continued to reside for the re- mainder of their days. Mr. Merritt died in 1890. His wife died in Mt. Sterling in 1875. She was Rebecca Drew and was born in Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. Moore have had ten children: Joseph, James B., Kate, Will, Eugene, Annie, Sladie, Lottie, Jennie and George. Mr. Moore has been a member of the Republican party since its formation. Mr. and Mrs. Moore are among the best people of Pea Ridge and are greatly respected by all who know them- ^ Ef fACKSON HIGGINS, of Brooklyn, Illi- nois, was born in Morgan county, Ohio, in 1832. His father, Daniel, was born in Green county, Pennsylvania, January 20, 1807, and his father, Joseph, was born near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, and was engaged in farming. He was born in 1777, and died in 1840, marrying Polly Henderson, and raising a family of twelve children. He was drafted into the war of 1812, but sent a sub- stitute. Daniel was married February 28, 1828, in Green county, Pennsylvania, to Sarah Brewer. They moved from there to Morgan county, Ohio, about 1830. In the fall of 1838, they came to Illinois with a small horse and wagon, bringing four small children, being twenty-six days on the road. There were six families in the party. The trip was a pleasant one, and the winter following was mild. They found the grass very tall, gone to seed, all kinds of game, and very recent marks of the buffalo remaining. Agues and fevers were universal. Mr. Higgins is the oldest resident in this part of Schuyler county. He took up eighty 280 BIOGRAPUIOAL REVIMW OF CMS, acres of school lands, and soon obtained a deed, which he has held until he came to live with his son. He was a tailor by profession, hav- ing learned his trade in Waynesburg, Penn- sylvania, when a young man, having worked at it much of the time. In those early days the wives carded, spun and wove wool and flax, and Mr. Higf^ins in his trade, served the neighborhood well. His wife died, JSTo- vember, 1880, aged seventy-four years, leav- ing four living children, ten having been born. Mr. Higgins, in his eighty-sixth year, is bright and active. Jackson has been a farmer all his life. He started on forty acres, and has from time to time added to it until his farm is now 227 acres, all fenced and more than one-half under the plow. There is some timber and large pasturage. He was married in 1858, to Sarah, daughter of William and Polly, (Fowler) Burnett of England, but who have been residents here for many years. They have two sons, "William Harrison, married, residing on the home farm, and John E,., married, and also on the farm. They are all Democrats and Methodists. Mr. Higgins has been Justice of the Peace for four years and has served the county as Road Commissioner. ^AROJSf MILLER was born in Fayette county, Pennsylvania, March 27, 1837. He was the son of "Warwick and Mary (More) Miller of the same place. He was the sou of William and Rebecca Miller, both of whom died at a good old age. Mr. Will- iam's mother was the daughter of Aaron and Mary (Hanney) More, who were natives of Pennsylvania, where they spent their lives and died at a good old age. Warwick was one of nine children, seven of whom are still living, and his wife is one of six children, one of whom alone survives. Aaron Miller is one of seven children, all living. He remained at home until twenty- eight years of age, having spent his time in attending school, farming and wagoning. After his marriage Mr. Miller lived in Penn- sylvania on his father's farm, but in 1869 he came to Illinois and bought eighty acres of land, later adding to it 360 acres. He has been a general mixed farmer and very suc- cessful. He was married January 6, 1866, to Mar- tha Robinson, born in 1886, daughter of William and Elizabeth (More) Robinson. The Robinson ancestors came from Ireland. Elizabeth More was born in Fayette county, Pennsylvania, and died there, aged fifty- seven years. She was a daughter of Colonel More, who was in the war of 1812. The Mores were of Scotch descent and first settled in Maryland, and all were honest mechanics or farmers. Mr. and Mrs. Miller have three children, Robert W. and Ruth, Kving at home, and Mary, a teacher of music, all graduates of the Plymouth school. Mr. and Mrs. Mil- ler are members of the Congregational Church of Plymouth. Mr. Miller is a Republican and voted for Abraham Lincoln for his first term. gsON. ROBERT BROWN was born at Rushville, Schuyler county, Illinois, October 19, 1835, a son of John and Jane (Beckett) Brown; the father was a na- tive of Fayette county, Kentucky, and emi- grated to this State about 1831, settling at Rushville; he was a carpenter by occupation, and followed this calling until his death at the age of fifty-eight years; the mother was SCSUTLEB AND BROWN COUNTIES. 381 born in Bourbon county, Kentucky, and died in this county at the age of sixty-six years; they had born to them a family of ten chil- dren, five of whom are living. Hobert Brown remained at home until he was thirty-one years of age, when he was married. At the age of twenty-four he was practically at the head of a large family, but he early developed remarkable business ability, and was quite equal to the cares that devolved upon him. He was united to Miss Mary M. S. Hoff- man, October 31, 1866. She was born in Woodstock township, Schuyler county, Illi- nois, September 7, 1845, a daughter of Sam- uel and Margaret C. (Narding) Hoffman: Samuel Hoffman was a native of Berks county, Pennsylvania, and emigrated to Illi- nois in 1838, and here spent the remainder of his life; he was a soldier in the Mexican war, and died of a fever contracted in the ser- vice, at the age of twenty-eight years; he was a son of Joseph and Mary (Meyers) Hoffman, natives of Pennsylvania; Margaret C. Nard- ing was born in France, October 26, 1822, and emigrated with her parents to America in 1823; they first settled at Cincinnati, Ohio, and in 1839 came to Illinois and lo- cated in Woodstock township, Schuyler county. Mr. and Mrs. Brown have had born to them five children, four of whom are liv- ing: Robert W., born October 26, 1868; Lilly J., born April 28, 1870; Herman H., born June 14, 1875; Edward C, born Au- gust 24, 1880. After his marriage Mr. Brown bought eighty acres of land, a portion of the farm he now owns; as his means increased he invested in land, and now has 400 acres in a body in Woodstock township. In 1881 he replaced the old log house which had been a home for so many years with a modern structure, and he has made many valuable improvements upon the place; he does a general farming business, but makes, a specialty of high grades of blooded stock. Politically, Mr. Brown was identified with the Democratic party, but was elected to the State Senate by Democrats and Grangers by a majority of 1,476; he served four years, giving entire satisfaction to his constituency; he was a member of several important com- mittees, and always showed a wise considera- tion of the subject in question. He was a member of the School Board for fiteen years, and has favored elevating the educational standards, and has filled the office of Super- visor. He is a member of the Masonic fra- ternity, and belongs to the State Grange. In addition to the business interests mentioned, Mr. Brown is a stockholder in the Bank of Rushville. He is a man of excellent business ability, his judgment carrying great weight. He has accumulated his property through his own unaided efforts, and he is in every way worthy of the esteem in which he is held. fOHN F. ROBINSON, County Clerk of Cass county, is one of the prominent and influential men of the county. He is eminently a self-made man. Beginning life a poor boy, he has worked his way up to his present position of wealth and influence, being now classed with the leading citizens of his county. A review of his life gives the fol- lowing facts: John F. Robinson was born in Crawford county, Ohio, May 31, 1851. His father, Andrew D. Robinson, was a native of the same State, and a son of James Robinson, one of the pioneers of Ohio. Andrew D. was quite young when his father died, and he was reared by his mother. He married in Ohio, and resided there till 1853. That 282 BIOOBAPHIGAL REVIEW OF CASS, year, leaving his wife with her parents, he started for California, making the journey with teams across the plains. At that time there were no white settlers between the Missouri river and California, except the Mormons. After his arrival in the Golden State, he engaged in packing provisions to the mines, and subsequently assisted in operating the iirst threshing-machine in that State. He remained there till 1856, when he returned East via the Isthmus route, and located in Linn county, Iowa, on a rented farm between Marion and Cedar Rapids. A year later he bought a partially improved farm in Spring Grove, two miles and a half west of Paris, where he lived till 1887. Leaving his son James in charge of the farm, he then removed to Center Point, where he now lives retired. The maiden name of his first wife, mother of John F., was Elizabeth E. Wachtel. She was born in Ohio, and her death occurred in Iowa, in 1865. The maiden name of his second wife was Eva L. Putney. He reared five children by his first wife, and of those born to his second wife three are living. The subject of our sketch was an infant when his father went to California. In 1854, when he was three years old, he was taken by his mother and her parents to Iowa, making the journey with a horse and buggy. Iowa at that time was thinly settled, and there were no railroads in the State for two years afterward. Young Robinson attended the common schools, and advanced his edu- cation by attendance at the State University. In 1871 he came to Cass county, Illinois, to seek his fortune, landing here with no capital save a willing hand and a determination to succeed in life. He found employment on the farm, working by the month in summer, and during the winter of 1871-'72 he at- tended school in Chandlerville. The follow- ing ten years he taught school a part of each year. In 1874, he made his first purchase of real estate — a farm of 120 acres in Rich- mond precinct. Since then he has been an extensive and successful dealer in both farm and city property. He now owns four farms in Cass county, and a half interest in five other farms here. He is also interested in farm land in Clarke county, Iowa, and has city property in Kansas City, Missouri, and Eureka Springs, Arkansas. In March, 1873, Mr. Robinson married Caroline (Houghton) Davis, who died April 19, 1874, leaving one child, Ada L. In August, 1879, he was united in marriage with Mary J. Witty, by whom he has two children, Lavina E. and Lee E. Politically, he has always affiliated with the Democratic party. He cast his first vote for Horace Greeley. While teaching scho.ol he devoted a portion of his spare time to the study of law. In 1882, Mr. Robinson was elected to the office of County Clerk of Cass county, for the legal term ; was re-elected in 1886, and again in 1890. Fraternally, Mr. Robinson is associated with Virginia lodge, No. 544, A. F. & A. M.; Clark Chapter, No. 29, R. A. M.; Hospitaller Commandery, No. 32, K. T.; Ashland Lodge, No. 341, L O. O. F.; and Virginia Camp, M. W. A. g^ENRY W. KROHE was born at Beards- town, Illinois, November 27, 1841, and died suddenly at his home in that city, of heart failure, December 19, 1889. He grew up here, and in 1862, when just about of age, he started for Calfornia, with an uncle and aunt. Going to New York, they took a SCHUYLER AND BROWN GOUNTIES. 383 steamer to Aspinwall, crossed the Isthmus of Panama, and was landed by a Pacific steamer at the city of San Francisco, where Mr. Krohe remained for some time. Later, he went to Portland, Oregon, Umatillia, Vancouver Is- land, etc., and thence up to British Columbia, and back again into California. He was amongst the Cherokee Indians, whose lan- guage he learned to speak well. He spent four years as a miner, and had a varied ex- perience, making and losing money. In 1866, he returned to Beardstown, and shortly afterward he went in partnership with his brother-in-law, George Schneider, into the saloon business, and together built the opera-house block, in 1873; but when it was nearly completed it was blown down by a terrible storm, July 4, 1873. It was re- built by them the same year. About eight years ago, Mr. Krohe sold his share of the opera-house block to his brother, Fred Krohe, who is still the proprietor of the same, with his brother-in-law, George Schneider, now of Omaha, Nebraska. In 1869, he engaged in the manufacture of mineral and soda water, in which business he continued until the time of his death. He was well known as a hard-working business man. Rebuilt several nice dwelling houses, which became the property of his widow. He was married at Jacksonville, Illinois, February 11, 1875, to Miss Bertha A. Eber- wein, a native of Cass county, born Decem- ber 2, 1846, daughter of J. C. H. and Maria Eberwein, who were born in Germany, and came to the United States when very young. Mrs. Eberwein died in 1847, leaving two lit- tle girls, Caroline and Bertha, both having good homes at the time they were married. Mr. Krohe and wife were reared in the faith of the Lutheran Church. He was a genial and pleasant man, a Democrat in poli- tics, but not an office seeker. He leaves no children, but a widow, to mourn his early death; and Beardstown lost one of its best citizens when Mr. Krohe died. ERIC E. CADY resides at Camden, and is numbered among the respected pioneers of Schuyler county. He was born in Tolland county, Connecticut, Jan- uary 22, 1828, being a son of Isaac F. and Sarah (Chapman) Cady, natives of Connec- ticut. Isaac F. Cady in early life learned the trade of a carpenter, and, being a natural me- chanic, also worked at the blacksmith trade. Ho could make anything in iron or other work in his line. He first married Clarissa Hunt, who died, leaving seven children, five girls and two boys. He then married Sarah Chapman, and after two children had been born, he with his family came to Illinois, in 1835, via canal, Lake Erie and canal, to the Ohio river, where he purchased a boat, and came to Quincy, Illinois, and in the fall of 1835 he settled in Camden township, where he entered several hundred acres of land, and resided there till his death, which occurred in 1847, aged seventy-two years, six months and two days. By his first marriage there were seven chil- dren, namely: Isaac G., H. H. Franklin, An- geline, Caroline, Emaline, Adaline and Mary Ann. By his second marriage, he had Fran- cis E. and Meric E. The mother of our sub- ject, by former marriage to 1. A. Jones, had five children; Austin, Alonzo, Revilo, Charles W., and one died young. All the children were born in Connecticut, and the parents and fifteen children came to Illinois. The mother of our subject died aged eighty-one years. Meric E. Cady was reared on the farm, and being a natural mechanic he worked some- 284 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OF CA8S, what in that line. In 1850, he crossed the plains to California, where he worked in the mines for one year, and then went on a ranch. In 1853, he came home via the Isthmus and New Orleans, and took 124 head of 'cattle and thirteen head of horses across the plains to California, and remained there till 1855, when he returned home via New York. He was successful while in California, and on his return home he resumed farming, till 1882, becoming the owner of 268 acres, on which he made many improvements. When he removed to Camden village, he built a store, and with his son engaged in general mercantile business, and so continued ten years; since then he has lived a retired life. He sold his farm in 1891, and purchased an- other of 130 acres, in Camden township. In March, 1856, he married Eliza A. Mel- vin. She was born in Maine, in the town of Reidfield, 1835, daughter of John and Eunice Melvin, who settled in Schuyler county, in 1851. Our subject continued farming till 1882. Mr. and Mrs, Cady have three children living, and one dead. Everett F. is a farmer in Camden township; Charles W. died at the age of nineteen years; Eugenia and Addie. In politics, Mr. Cady is a Democrat, and has held local offices. Mr, and Mrs. Cady are members of the Christian Church. Mr. Cady is a Royal Arch Mason, being the Master of the Cam- den Lodge, No. 648, A. F. & A. M., a posi- tion he has held for several terms. fOHN UNLA.ND, of Beardstown,a prac- tical farmer and stock-raiser, was born in Hanover, Germany, July 30, 1833. He was young when he came to this country with his father. Rev. Casper H. Unland. The latter grew up a farmer, was well educated and became early in life interested in religion and while yet a young man began to exhort and preach experimental religion. For this he was persecuted by the State church. He married Maria Calres in Hanover, and, after the birth of eight children, to better their condition they set out for the United States. They left on a sailing vessel October 20, 1844, and landed in New Orleans after a journey of eleven weeks. They landed in Beardstown in the latter part of January, 1845, which was very remarkable, as the river is usually frozen at that time. They settled near Bluff Springs, on what is now known as the Tom Clark farm. After five years Mr. Unland sold, and purchased land five miles northwest of Arenzville, where he lived and died at the age of eighty-one years, his death occuring March 8, 1890. He was prominent in Cass county as a farmer and Methodist preacher, a good, noble man, a Republican, and the only one of his family who came to this country. John is the second child of a family of thirteen, of whom nine are married and all have families. He remained at home until he became of age and was married in this county to Elizabeth Christinaner, born in Germany. She came with her parents when but three years old to Beardstown. Her father, Yost Christinaner, died at the age of eighty, and her mother died about the age of eighty, also. The name of the latter was Gustling. She and her husband were mem- bers of the Methodist Church and old settlers and good people of Cass county. Mrs. Un- land was carefully reared by good parents. She is the mother of seven living children: George married Nancy Henners and is a far- mer in Morgan county; Lucinda, a widow SOHUTLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 285 with two children, lives with her father; Mary Higginson lives near Philadelphia, Cass county; and Nattie, Frank, Henry and Will- iam (the twins) live at home. Mr. Unland has lived in this county since 1845 and has been one of its good citizens. He has lived on the farm, except three years, and he has put in all the improvements. He purchased it in June, 1860, and settled there in 1861. He has 200 acres in section 17, township 18, range 11, and his good farm buildings and fine improvements show that he thoroughly understands his business. He and his wife are both active members of the Methodist Church, of which Mr. Unland has been Class-leader since his twentieth year. He is a licensed exhorter. He is a sound Republican, but no office seeker. f HOMAS R. VAN DEVENTER, a pros- perous farmer and stock-raiser and es- ^' teemed citizen of Brown county, Illi- nois, for the past fifty-five years a resident of section 15, Versailles township, was born in Fayette county, Ohio, in 1819. His parents were Jacob and Jane (Rogers) Van Deventer, the former a native of old Virginia, and the latter of Paris, Kentucky. His father's parents were Jacob and Mary (Slater) Van Deventer, the former borr^ fn Holland in 1743, and the latter £), nq,tive of Glasgow, Scotland. The yovfng Hollander was a powder-maker by frade, and came to America in early maqhood. He was married in New Jersey, on the Delaware river, and soon after weqt to Virginia, where he and his young wife located on a farm, which was situated pn the south branch of the Potomac river. He engaged in farming, and having an excellent water-power in the river, also manufaetui'ed gun-powder. It was in the latter capacity that he rendered signal service to the patriots at the time of the Revolutionary war, providing them with powder with which to blaze their way into independence. He served for a short time in the regular army in that memorable con- flict, and participated in the battles of York- town and Valley Forge. He was also a mem- ber of the Home Guards, although he did not take part in the engagement in which they distinguished themselves for bravery and efficiency. This worthy patriot and his wife were the parents of eight children, five sons and three daughters: William; Isaac; Jacob; Peter; Cornelius; Sarah, who mar- ried Jacob Judy; Mary, wife of George Tira- raons; and Peggy, wife of Daniel Timmons brother of George. The mother of this fam- ily died, aged eighty years, while the father expired four years later. They had met with many financial losses, and left only a small estate in worldly goods, although a rich heritage of honor and good deeds fol- lowed and influenced their children through life. Some of this family were of small stature, like the gentlen^au whose name heads this notice, but the majority of them, both men and won^an, were large, erect and finely formed- Sarah was six feet tall, while Jacob, the father of the subject of this sketch, was a veritable giant, standing six feet six inches in his socks and weighing 240 pounds. Although possessing great strength and un- daunted courage, he was most peaceable and kind. He was twice married. His first wife was Magdalene Bufiienbarger, a member of a wealthy Ohio family. She died early, leaving two children — a son, Jethero, and a daughter, Elizabeth. The former now lives in Versailles, Illinois; and the latter resides in Indiana. Late in the fall of 1815 the 286 BIOaRAPHIOAL REVIEW OF CABS, father remarried, his second wife being the mother of the subject of this biography. A short time afterward, he and his brother, with their families, six persons in each household, came from Fayette county, Ohio, to Schuyler, now Brown county, Illinois. This journey of more than 400 miles was made in three weeks, with two large covered wagons and eight horses, four animals under sad- dle. The father of our subject brought some means with him, realized from the sale of his farm in Ohio. He first settled in Schuy- ler, now Brown county. Eight years earlier Cornelius Yau Deven- ter visited the Illinois bottoms, where he se- cured a claim. Five acres of this he fenced and planted to corn and pumpkins, and after completing their cultivation returned to his family. On his return in the fall, great was his surprise to find his crop intact, not an ear of corn or a pumpkin being missing. The stalwart and much beloved pioneer, Jacob Van Deventer, died in 1833, aged fifty-three years, leaving a bereaved fanjily and many sorrowing friends. His worthy wife survived him nine years, dying aged about forty-eight years. They were the par- ents of six boys and two girls, to-wit: T. R., J. F., H. U., and B. B., boys; girls, Caroline and Duan; one child, Pem brook Berbeck Van Deventer, died when small; the others were the subject of this notice, J. F., H. D. and B. B. In 1838, she bought fifty-three acres of heavily timbered land, which had a small enclosure cleared, in the center of which was a hewed-log house, for which she paid |600. This forms part of the present large farm of the subject of this sketch. He and his brothers formerly owned this farm of 800 acres in partnership, but J. F. Van Deventer, of Mount Sterling, now owns another farm of 2,200 acres near by, which he is farming on a large scale. Their specialty is stock-raising, including horses, cattle and hogs. On the land cultivated by our subject and his other brother, there is now a substantial farm residence, which they erected in 1866, besides which there are large barns and an excellent granary, which they built in 1880, all of which are models of their kind. They breed and raise from fifty to sixty head of dehorned short horn cattle annually, and have fed each year, for some thirty-five years, about 250 head, which they ship to market, together with many which they buy to sell. They now own ninety head of horses, and breed and raise ten to twelve head a year, most of which are draft horses, but some are for the saddle. They send to market from 200 to 300 hogs a year, beside shipping of their own stock from eight to ten car loads annually. Thus will be seen what a prominent part they take in the development of this country, which re- sults in their own prosperity and provides work for numerous attendants. In politics, Mr. Van Deventer affiliates with the Republican party, the principles of which he has endorsed for many years. Notwithstanding his marvelous achieve- ments in life, we have yet to chronicle the most wonderful feat of his existence, namely, his abstaining from matrimony. How he has escaped the wiles of the fair sex is truly phenomenal, unless we revert to his other superior accomplishments. However, we will not congratulate him yet, remembering he will not be free from danger until he has left this mundane sphere. His early educational opportunities were limited, but he inherited a clear and strong in- tellect, as well as superior physical strength, and, by much reading and reflection, has over- come these early disadvantages. Besides being SCHUYLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 287 one of the most successful of men finacially , he enjoys, by reason of his integrity of char- acter and uniform courtesy, the universal friendship of his fellow men. -^ ^^ fILLIAM A. BKOKER was born in Lippe-Detmold, Germany, March 19, 1837. He was a boy of eleven years of age when his parents, Samuel and Sophia (Haupfer) Broker crossed the Atlantic in the spring of 1849, to New Orleans, and thence up the Mississippi river to St. Louis. This was during the year of the great cholera epidemic in that city, and within a few days the father and three of the children died, the mother and William having it severely, but recovering. When they were able to leave, the mother and her four small children moved to a farm near Watertown, Wisconsin. About one year later the mother died of cholera morbus, she being then lifty years of age. Mr, and Mrs. Broker had always been members of the German Reformed Church. Mr. William Broker is the youngest of the children yet living. He is now pattern- maker for the St. Louis division of the Quincy railroad, which is located at Beardstown. He has been a resident of the same city since 1851. He was only fourteen years old when he arrived at Beardstown, and learned the trade of a practical carpenter mechanic under 0. A. Bushman. After learning his trade he worked on his own account, and later became a carpenter for the old JRockford company. In 1869, when the railroad was bought up by the Quincy company, he became their pattern-maker in 1879. He has ever since been regarded as a good, reliable workman, and a true, straightforward man, and his long association with tlie railroad company is a recommendation of him as a citizen. He was married in Beardstown to Miss Dorothea Kratz, who was born in Hesse- Darmstadt, Germany, in 1844, and was twelve years of age when her parents emi- grated to this country. They have seven children: Frank, living at honae, is a ma- chinist; Sophia and Katie are at home, they having been well educated in the high school of the city; William is learning the ma- chinist trade; Minnie, Amelia and Samuel are at home. Mr. and Mrs. Broker attend the Lutheran Church. Mr. Broker is a Re- publican, and a member of the A. O. U. W. He is highly respected by all. fAMES X. RIGG, of the firm of Rigg & Smith, merchants of Camden, one of the well-known pioneers of Brown county, settled in 1869 at Camden. He was born in Anderson county, Kentucky, January 18, 1826, being a son of Richard and Margaret (Utterback) Rigg, natives of "Virginia. Each removed with their respective families to Kentucky, where they were married. In 1831 they emigrated to Hlinois and settled in what is now Brown county, but was then a part of Schuyler. Mr. Richard Rigg pur- chased land near Mount Sterling, and entered land, and then became the owner of 400 acres of land on which he made many improve- ments. His death occurred in 1879, aged eighty-four years. His wife died in 1877, aged eighty-four years. They were members of the Baptist Church, of which Mr. Rigg was a Deacon. He had already made money when he started farming in Hlinois, and added to his fortune in this State. He and his wife had three sons and four daughters: 288 BIOGBAPHIOAL REVIEW OF 0AS8, Elizabeth, married to John B. Anumos, de- ceased; Susan A., married to J. P. Singleton, of Mount Sterling; Eliza married James A. Parker, who died in Brown county; James N.; Peter, a farmer; and John J. died in Brown county. By a former marriage Rich- ard had two children, William T. and Sarah. James was only five years of age when the family came to Illinois. He was reared on the farm and resided there until he grew to manhood, attending school in the log school- houses of the section, where the teaching was as rude as the furniture. After his marriage James purchased a farm in Brown county, and continued on it until he came to Camden in 1869, when he sold his farm of 160 acres and with his father-in-law, Willis Watts, en- gaged in general merchandising in Camden, under the firm name of Watts & Rigg, and continued business for ten years. Mr. Rigg continued alone some years, until 1881, when the cyclone passed through the town; his store and dwelling-house were badly injured, and his family were badly hurt. Pie subse- quently associated with his son-in-law in business, under the firm name of Rigg & Donnell. This firm continued two years. At the end of that time his present partner purchased an interest in the business, and the name was changed to Rigg & Smith. He was married in 1849, to Emily 1. Watts, daughter of Willis Watts. (For fam- ily history see history of Dr. B. P. Watts.) Mr. and Mrs. Rigg have five children: John J., of Keokuk, Iowa; Richard W. is a physi- cian of Pulaski, Illinois; Francis M. is in the insurance business at Quincy, Illinois; Olie married John Donnell, a farmer of Iowa; and Gertrude, at home. In politics he is a Democrat. He has been Supervisor of Camden township, until he declined to accept the office, and during this time was chairman of the Board of Su- pervisors of Schuyler county for four con- secutive years. He has held many of the offices of the township. He has been Justice of the Peace for seven years, and been promi- nent in local politics, frequently having been a delegate of the county and district conven- tions. Mr. Rigg is a member of the Baptist Church, and his wife of the Christian Church. He has devoted his attention to merchandise, and is one of the oldest merchants in the county. He and his wife are respected throughout the county, where they are well known, and Mr. Rigg is regarded as a reli- able, honest business man. '■'■^ij-Ln/v- '^irW-rt^^ ILLIAM L. ALEXAISTDER, ofsec- 11 tion 30, Huntsville township, sel- '^^*?^I tied in the county in 1861. He was born in Russell county, Virginia, December 19, 1836. His parents were William and Mary (McReynolds) Alexander. The grand- father of our subject was John Alexander, born in the north of Ireland. He came to the United States, where he settled and pursued farming. He married and reared a large family. His son William was born in 1802 and was a farmer, marrying in Yirginia. In 1840 he came to Illinois and settled in Adams county. North East township, where he became the owner of 400 acres of land on which he made good improvements. He died in 1887, his wife having died a few years previously. They were members of the Presbyterian Church and the father was a Democrat in poli- tics. He was poor when he settled in Illinois, owning only a horse and wagon. They had thirteen children, all of whom attained their majority: Nancy, John, Mary, Rachel, Mar- garet, William L., Davis, Daniel, Mitchell, Martha, Samuel, Robert Wilson and Rebecca. aCHUTLER AND BROWN OOUNTIEB. 289 William L. was reared on the farm. In 1862 he enlisted in Company I, Eighty- fourth Illinois Infantry, and served until the close of the war. He was in the battles of Perry ville, Kentucky, Stone river and Chicka- mauga, Tennessee, and the Atlanta Campaign. He returned with General Thomas and par- ticipated in the fight at Franklin and Nash- ville. He was mustered out at Camp Har- ker, Tennessee. He was a non-commissioned officer. At the battle of Kenesaw Mountain he received a gunshot wound in the head, for which he now receives a pension. After the war lie returned to Schuyler county, where he owned sixty acres of land, purchased in 1864. He has since pursued farming and now owns 541 acres of land and has two good sets of farm buildings. In ad- dition to his farming he has raised stock and dealt in the same. Since 1889 he has rented all his land. He was married in 1861 to Kachel J. Derry, daughter of Basil and Sarah Derry. She was born in Adams county, near Quincy. Mr. and Mrs. Alexander have four children: Mar- tha A., wife of William H. Naylor, resides in Baxter Springs, Kansas; Edward died, aged nineteen; Emma, wife of Edward Straub of Galesburg, Illinois; Keely L. is at home. In politics Mr. Alexander is a Democrat and has been a member of the School Board. His wife is an earnest Christian lady, but not a member of any sect. Mr. Alexander has made his property and is a well-to-do man, richly deserving the respect in which he is held by all who know him. JROYE CONINGHAM, deceased, was a native of New York city, born Decem- ber 27, 1816. His father, Grove Con- ingham. Senior, was born in Londonderry, Ireland, about 1766. He emigrated to New York city at an early age and married Betsy Baldwin, of Putnam county. New York. They had nine children, of whom the subject of this sketch was the eighth. The father died in December, 1831, in New York city. His wife survived him thirty-eight years. Our subject received his education in New York and at the age of sixteen came to Schuy- ler county, Illinois. In 1843 he returned to his native city and lived there for three years, then returned to Illinois and settled in Schuy- ler county in 1851. He made atrip to Cali- fornia in 1851 and remained for two years employed in the custom house. This was his business and had been from his youth, as he had been associated with his father in the same for years. In 1853 he returned to his old home in Frederick and settled there. There he resided until his death in 1891, Feb- ruary 21. Mr. Coningham was a business man for many years as a member of the firm of Farwell & Company, which lasted from 1855 to 1870. He was a stanch Hepublican in politics and an ardent supporter of the war and a friend of the soldiers. For two years after the dissolution of the firm of Farwell & Company he served as steamboat agent, and subsequently as Tax Collector, and held other positions of trust and responsibility. In 1866 he was appointed Postmaster at Frederick, which position he held for over twenty years. Mr. Coningham was a man of sterling worth and integrity. He was of a jovial disposition that made him friends wherever he was. He was noted for his firm adherence to the right whatever the cost might be. He was a worthy communicant of the Episcopal Church. He was married in Frederick, Illinois, to Sarah H. Beal, in 1856. She is the daughter of Jesse O. and Sarah (Vail) Beal, born in 290 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OF GAS8, Coshocton county, Ohio, March 21, 1836. Her father came of German ancestry, and her mother traces her genealogy back to the Yails who came to Tlymouth. Of a family of nine only three are now living. Her brother Fos- ter was a soldier in the Mexican war and is bnried on Mexican soil. Samuel now resides in Frederick, a farmer; Jnlia resides in De- Witt, Iowa, and Mrs. Coningham is the third living one of that once large family. Mr. and Mrs. Coningham had seven child- ren, namely: Charlie, married, and lives in St. Louis, a telegraph operator; Grove, un- married, located at San Francisco, in the in- surance business; Jesse is employed in the registry department of the St. Louis post- office, a position he has held for eight years; Betsy, now Mrs. Moses, resides in Pueblo, Colorado; Grant, the yongest, named for the noted general, is married, employed in a saw mill and resides with his mother. Mrs. Con- ingham is a worthy member of the Christian Church, and has always been respected and liked by her large circle of friends. fOHN S. DODGE, one of the most prom- inent farmers of Littleton township, Schuyler county, Illinois, was born in Bloomington, McLean county, this State, March 14, 1837. His parents, Solomon and Betsey (Springer) Dodge, were both natives of Ohio, his father being a carder and filler by trade. His mother's ancestors were originally from Cork, Ireland. In 1833, his parents came by way of the Ohio and Missis- sippi rivers to Bloomington, Illinois, where our subject was born in his father's hotel, which was the first in that town, called the Caravansary. His father retired about twenty- five years before his death, he being ninety- one years of age and his wife seventy-two' when they died at the home of their son, the subject of our sketch. His godfather, Israel Dodge, was from Scotland, and died in Mari- etta, Ohio, aged seventy-five years. Our subject came to this county in 1846, and bought the farm on which he at present resides, which he has since much improved by the erection of a substantial residence and barns, and has the land well cultivated. He is one of ten children, five of whom are now living, two boys and three girls. He is the only farmer, all the others being mer- chants and mechanics. Mr. Dodge remained at home until he was eighteen years of age, attending district school and helping his father. He then herded cattle for a couple of years, after which he worked around at different places until he was twenty-one years of age. He was, at the end of this time, married to Miss Emily Hoyt, on December 24, 1855, anative of Detroit, Michigan, where she was born November 2, 1836. Their happy married life was doomed to be of short duration, for three years later his wife died in Wahpeton, Min- nesota, aged twenty-two years. She was an intelligent woman, with many charms of per- son and character, and was much regretted by all who knew her. Her people were from New York State. Mr. Dodge, after about eight years, mar- ried Miss Eachel Moore, on January 11, 1866, who was born in Buena Vista town- ship, this county, June 15, 1838. Her par- ents, Thomas and Mary Moore, were pioneers of this county, and highly respected people. They are now both dead, her mother surviving her father by several years. She was one of twelve children, nine of whom are now living. After his marriage Mr. Dodge rented a farm in this county, which he cultivated until 80HUTLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 391 the time of the war; when, on February 1, 1862, he enlisted in Company I, Sixty-second Illinois Infantry, under Captain Joseph Mc- Lean, and served for three years and four months in the army, and was on detached duty for two months. He was sick in 1864. and was in the regimental hospital. In 1865, on May 2, he was honorably discharged at Smithfield. Mr. Dodge and D. Wheat are the only ones left in Springfield township, who were members of that company. After the war Mr. Dodge bought his pres- ent farm, which at that time was unimproved and had only a log house on it. It hardly resembles the same farm now, for he has erected»a substantial residence, besides com- modious barns for his grain and stock, be- sides other modern conveniences for the facilitating of agricultural pursuits. He has bought eighty more acres of land, making his present possessions 240 acres, all of which is under a good state of cultivation. Besides his farming interests, he is largely interested in stock-raising, making a specialty of cattle, in which he is very successful. Our subject and wife have had eight chil- dren, six of whom still survive; Avey E., born in this county, was educated at Bush- nell College, and studied music at Shenandoah, Iowa, and is now teaching music; Homer F.is at home; hewas educated at Bushnell College; Fannie T. is at home, and was also educated at Bushnell College; Adda A.; Kuby J. and True; the last three are living a home with their parents. Mr. Dodge is at present a Republican, al- though he went to war as a Douglas Demo- crat; after that international struggle he voted with the Republicans. His first vote was cast for John C. Fremont. His con- stituents have seen fit to honor him with public ofiice, and he has served as Assessor and Commissioner of Highways, in which capacity he has rendered eminent satisfaction to all. He is a member of George Brown Post, of Brooklyn, also of No. 320, G-. A. R., and affiliates with the A. F. & A. M., No. 766, of Littleton, of all which societies he is a prominent and esteemed member. Of superior ability, high integrity and morality, he also adds the gentler virtues of Sociability and amiability, thus commanding the respect and affection of all alike. ILLIAM BADER, proprietor of the village of that name, was born in Preble county, Ohio, in 1826. His parents were Jeremiah and Sarah (Thompson) Bader. The father was a native of Germany, and the mother of Pennsylvania. They had eleven children, of whom eight are now liv- ing, namely: Mary, now Mrs. Hopkins, re- siding in Mason county; Sarah A., now Mrs. Gibbs, residing in Hancock county; Rosanna, now Mrs. Blocker, of Pasadena, California; Margaretta, now Mrs. Doane; Jeremiah died when seventeen; John L., now residing in Kansas; Benjamin F., residing at Vermont, Illinois; Henry 0., residing on a farm near Bader. The family moved from Ohio to Broom- ing township, Schuyler county, in 1846, and the parents both died on a farm near what is now known as Baders. The early life of our subject was passed on the farm, and later he learned engineering and operated a saw and grist mill for many years. He then went into the lumber busi- ness in Ohio, where he conducted a mill before he removed to Illinois, he not coming until 1857. Here he continued his business in the lumber mill, and accumulated a large for- tune. He and his wife have been enjoying 292 BIOGRAPHICAL BBYIEW OF 0A88, some of their iniuiey by spending a year in (Jalifornia, on account ot her failing health. He was married JSovember 9, 1856, in Eandolph county, Indiana, to Miss Mercy A. Hunt, a daughter of Rev, William Hunt, of the Methodist Episcopal Church, a pioneer of Eandolph county, Indiana, although he was a native of Kentucky. Mr. and Mrs. Bader have no children of their own, but they have reared two as their own; the iirst one died, but the present one is still living, and is a young lady of seven- teen. Mr. Bader is extensively engaged in the grain business, and owns 160 acres of land, a wareliouse, several residences and two- thirds of a brick building in Baders. His wife is a member of the Christian Church and he is a member of the Masonic fraternity and of I. O. O. F. He is a Democrat in politics and has served three terms as a member of the Board of Supervisors of his county. He has been School Treasurer for fifteen or sixteen years, and has held various positions of trust and responsibility. [AMUEL M. SCHRODER, a rising young business man of Oakland town- ship, and one of the most progressive agriculturists of Schuyler county, was born in McDonough county, Illinois, in 1860, on the 27th day of April. His father, Nicholas Schroder, was a native of Germany, but emi- grated to Anaerica with hi« mother when a lad of eleven years, in 1837; his father, John Schroder, died in the Fatherland about the year 1830, leaving a widow and three sons in very humble circumstances; the names of the sons are Christopher, Carson and Nicholas. They sailed from Bremen to New York, land- ing after a voyage of six weeks; they came direct to Pennsylvania, and from there to Schuyler county, and settled on a tract of Government land which the brave mother and stanch, energetic sons converted into a farm of great fertility and value. Nicholas went to California, taking the overland route; he mined for seven years, meeting with fair suc- cess, and then returned to Illinois, purchasing a farm of 160 acres in McDonough county. He was married in 1858 to Lucinda Phillips, a daughter of Samuel and Amy Philips, who were settlers in Illinois as early as 1840 ; they had a family of two daughters and a son: Amy Ann, wife of John W. Danners; Ada L., wife of Robert Robertson; and Samuel M., the son, is the subject of this notice. The parents came to Schuyler county in 1864, and purchased 220 acres of land in Oakland town- ship, on which they lived until 1889, when they went to Yermont; here they bought a home in which they are now living in quiet enjoyment of the reward of their labors. Samuel M. Schroder was reared to the life of a farmer, and received his education in the common schools. His opportunities were somewhat limited, but this lack has been more than overbalanced by wide reading and clear thinking upon all the topics of the day. Mr. Schroder was united in marriage, in 1880, to Miss Sarah E. Smith, a native of Fulton county, Illinois, and a daughter of John and Rebecca (Barcus) Smith, natives of Pennsylvania and Illinois, respectively. Mr. and Mrs. Schroder have buried an infant daughter, and have three children living: Harry W. was born December 22, 1882; Cleveland B. was born March 3, 1884; and Maud, November 2, 1889. Mr. Schroder first settled on eighty acres of land, and has since bought the eighty acres adjoining it; he also owned 280 acres in Schuyler and McDonough counties, which he 8GSU7LER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 293 recently sold at a handsome profit, after cul- tivating it four years. He does a general farm- ing business, making a specialty of corn and wheat in the cereal line, and cattle, horses and hogs in live-stock. He has represented the people of his township in various local offices, and has always been a stanch supporter of home interests and home industries. He was elected vice-president of the J. Wershon J^ank in June, 1892, and is a stockholder of this corporation. He is possessed of excellent business qualifications, and has met with marked success in all his undertakings. Al- ways employing the most honorable methods, he has the highest regard and esteem of the entire community. fHOMAS WILSON, President of the Schuyler County Bank, and a leading financier and business man of Rush- ville, Illinois, was born near Five-Mile Town, in county Tyrone, Ireland, in March, 1812. Both his grandfather, Thomas, and father, Thomas, were natives of the same county. They were of well-known and esteemed Scotch ancestry, who were sturdy, rugged farmers, and passed their entire lives in their native laud. His father was reared to man- hood in his native county, where he married Jane Greer, also a native of the Emerald Isle. They resided in Ireland until 1843, when they commenced the long journey to America. Unfortunately the wife and mother died in England while en route, leaving six children and a bereaved husband. These children were: William, Thomas, Joseph, George, Jane and Robert, all of whom came to America, except George, and located in Illinois. The father settled first in Schuyler county, Illinois, where he remained four years, after which he removed to Hancock county, locating near Nauvoo, where he re- sided until death. He was an intelligent, pious, good man, and was greatly esteemed by all who knew him. The subject of this sketch was reared and educated in Ireland, where he continued to live until 1832, when, at the age of twenty years, he emigrated to America, sailing from Derry in the sail vessel William Ewing. He landed in Philadelphia after a tempestuous voyage of seven weeks, a stranger in a strange land. He found employment in the City of Brotherly Love, at the weaving trade, and continued to operate a loom until the fall of the year of his arrival. He then removed to Lancaster county, that State, where he ob- tained employment on the farm of his uncle, James Little. He continued there until 1834, when he removed to Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, securing employment on a farm near that city. Three years later he went to Illinois, going via the Ohio, Mississippi and Illinois rivers, to Rushville, Schuyler county. At that early period the country was sparsely settled, and some of the land was still owned by the Government. Rude log houses dotted the country. At that time Rushville was an insignificant village, with nothing like its present pretentious appearance. Mr. Wilson immediately engaged in merchandising in a small way, buying his goods in St. Louis and transporting them by way of the river in summer and by wagon in winter. His busi- ness gradually increased until he became, in time, a prominent merchant of the town. Since 1872 he has been interested in bank- ing, and upon the organization of the Schuy- ler County Bank he was elected its president, bringing to this position unusual financial ability and extended experience. 294 BIOQBAPHIGAL REVIBW OF GABS, He was married September 18, 1834, in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, to Miss Susan Clark, an estimable lady, a native of Lancaster county, that State, and a daughter of John and Eleanor (Greer) Clark. They have three children: Anne Jane, wife of James P. Clark; John; and Lorinda, wife of John T. Sweeney. Eleanor and Sarah Elisa are deceased. Eleanor died in December, 1860, after finish- ing her education at Monticello in 1857; and Sarah died in February, 1883, leaving three children; she was the wife of Hiram Graff. Mr. and Mrs. Wilson are earnest and useful members of the Methodist Church, and are prohibitionists in principle. They are worthy people, and enjoy the esteem of the entire community. jUNCAN EEID was born in Forfarshire, Scotland, August 12, 1809, son of Will- iam and Grace (McKenzie) Reid. His parents were natives of Scotland, and passed their lives there. Reared and educated in his native land, Duncan Reid then learned the trade of tailor. On account of ill health, however, he sought out-door employment, turning his attention to the stone-mason's trade. He resided in Scotland till 1855. October 10, 1839, he married Jane Wilkie, who was born in Fifeshire, Scotland, Novem- ber 19, 1818, daughter of William and Eu- phemia (Gaul) Wilkie. Their union was blessed by the birth of six children: Will- iam, Jean, Susan, Margaret, Stuart and Dun- can. Mrs. Reid and her two oldest children are members of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, her son being a ruling Elder in the church. Miss Susan Reid is a teacher in the Kensington school, Chicago. In 1855, accompanied by his wife and four children, he came to America, setting sail from Liverpool in May in the Aurora, and landing at New York after a voyage of five weeks. He came directly to Illinois and set- tled in Cass county. For six years he culti- vated rented land, and during that time, by his energy and good management, not only supported his family but also laid by a snug little sum. He then purchased the property on which his family now reside, it being at that time a tract of wild land, covered with timber and brush. Here he built his cabin, which served as the family home until further prosperity enabled him to erect a comfortable frame residence. His death occurred here on the 14th of April, 1883. Mr. Reid was a self-made man, and one who was held in high esteem by all who knew him. HARLES F. JOHNSON, practical farmer and truck-raiser of Beardstown, was born in Salem county. New Jersey, April 7, 1863. He lived in his native State until thirteen, when his parents came to Cass county, settling in Beardstown. The father, Chalkley Johnson, followed his trade as a carpenter until February, 1884, when be and all their children, but one, Charles, went to Sedgwick county, Kansas, and settled on a farm, where the father and mother both live. The latter's maiden name was Luwesia Lip- pencott. Both were natives of Salem county. New Jersey, where they were reared, mar- ried and all their children were born. They had four, of whom our subject is the young- est, and of whom three are yet living, — Charles and two sisters, Mrs. Mary McKen- nel, of Sedgwick county, Kansas, and Mrs. Ella Crater, now living in Beardstown. SOHUYLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 395 Mr. Johnson has a fine farm of 238 acres, most of it located in township 18, range 11. He has owned it for four years, having man- aged it on his own account for two years pre- viously. Since he bought it he has made considerable improvement in the buildings. When he was twenty-one y§ars of age he be- gan to raise truck, making a specialty of sweet potatoes. He has been a hard worker and is very successful in everything he undertakes. He has made his large property by his own efforts. He was married in this county, to Amelia Shuman, born in Hagener Station, Oass county, in 1866. She was reared and edu- cated here, and is a good woman. She is the daughter of John Shuman, who was a native of Germany, coming to America when a young man and settling in Cass county, where he spent his last days as a farmer, dying in 1888, aged sixty-eight. He was a good man and a member of the German Methodist Episcopal Church. He was a Democrat in politics. His wife died in 1867, after the birth of five children, of whom Mrs. Johnson is the youngest. All the other chil- dren are now married. Mrs. Shuman was born in Germany, and her maiden name was Kate Loeb. She was a good wife and mother, and a member of the German Methodist Epis- copal Church. Mr. Johnson and wife have three children, — Viola, Gurtre and Nettie. They are mem- bers of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and Mr. Johnson is a Republican in politics. They are worthy, good people. ^NTON RINK, a successful brewer of Beardstown, was born on the river Rhine, August 9, 1833. He is the only member of his family now living in this country. His mother died in Germany when he was only two years of age. In 1850, and after his father's second marriage, he left the old country, and after a long and weary trip finally settled in Perry county, Missouri, where the father died four years later. His wife married a second time, and continued to live in Perry county until her death in 1890. Mr. Rink came here from Missouri after he had spent ten years on a farm and had made some money to put into a business. He then was poor, but is now very wealthy, and has become so by bis own efforts, and has been a real benefit to the town in which he lives. He arrived in 1864 and purchased a part in the brewery run under the name of A. Rink & Co. In 1867 he built a large brick brewery, with a capacity of 5,000 bar- rels per annum. The business has been suc- cessful, being represented on the road by himself and son in a commercial way. He is also a wholesale liquor dealer, running other places of business in the city. He is a stockholder, a promoter and original director of the First State Bank of Beardstown. He has been interested in all local matters af- fecting the good of the city ever since he came here, including the building of a wagon bridge across the Illinois river. He has been City Treasurer, and is a Democrat in politics. Mr. Rink, a sincere man, has not only been ambitious, but is also successful in earning a good reputation for ability, honesty, industry and executiveness. He was married, in 1865, to Margaret Schultz, who was born in the same province and near her husband in Bavaria, Germany, and came, when twelve years of age to Me- nard county, Illinois. Her parentslived and died in Germany. They were members of the Catholic Church. Mr. and Mrs. Rink 296 BIOGRAPHICAL BEVIBW OF OABB, were the parents of eight children, five of whom are living: John and Amil assist their father in his business; Jessie is a teacher of music and has been well educated; Clara, now at home, was educated at Quiucy, Illi- nois; and Arthur is in the deaf and dumb in- stitute at Jacksonville, he being a deaf mute- Mr. and Mrs. Kink and family are members of the Catholic Church and take an interest in social matters. fOHN H. BLACK, a prominent citizen of Woodstock township, is a representa- tive of one of the earliest families of Schuyler county, and is entitled to a space in this history. He was born in Woodstock township, August 2, 1842. His father, Jam es P. Black, was a native of Mecklen burgh county, North Carolina, a son of Richard S. Black (see sketch of Isaac Black). James P. Black removed to Indiana at the asre of four- teen years, and resided there until 1826. Then, with his bride, he came to Illinois; the " wedding journey " was accomplished with a yoke of oxen, the bridegroom walking most of the distance. He located in Wood- stock township, and there entered a tract' of Government land which he began to improve. It was in this year that the county was or- ganized; there were few white settlers. In- dians were numerous, and the frontier was not far removed toward the setting sun. Mrs. Black's maiden name was Mary Pad- gett; she was born in Kentucky, a daughter of John and Eleanor Padgett, and died on the home farm in 1851. Our subject, John H. Black, received his education in the com- mon schools of Woodstock township, and at the Western Seminary, Rushville. At the age of nineteen years he began teaching in Woodstock township, and was actively en- gaged in educational labors for more than twenty years. In 1867 he removed to Eichfield, Adams county, and there purchased a home in which he lived for a few years; his next change was to Quincy, where he bought city property, and thence he removed to Camp Point, where he lived five years; at the ex- piration of that period he returned to Quincy and made his home there until 1878, when he sold out and bought the farm he now oc- cupies on section 12, Woodstock township. Mr. Black was united in marriage in 1862, to Telitha Parke, a native of Brown county, Illinois, and a daughter of Oliver H. F. and Mary (Logsdon) Parke, natives of Kentucky, and pioneers of Brown county, Illinois. Of this union five children have been born: Mary, Nettie, John R., Lelia and J. Charles. The father and mother are members of the Church of God. Mr. Black has held various offices of trust, and has represented Woodstock township on the county Board of Supervisors for three terms. For twelve years he was Superintendent of Schools in Adams county, and did much to elevate the educational standard. He is a man of rare force and uprightness of character, and has the re- spect and confidence of the entire com- munity. |m«iARQUIS L. CRUM, of township H^M ^^ ^o^*^"!' 'csM^'b 10, section 32, was -B^^ born about two and one half miles from his present location, January 16, 1851. His parents were James and Christina (Ream) Crum. The father was born in Indiana, in 1806. His mother came from Ohio, and married in this county, in 1833. The father S0HU7LER AND SHOWN OOUNTISa. 397 came to the county in 1832, the mother with her parents, who settled in this neighborhood. The father was of German descent, and was the father of twelve children. His wife died May 1, 1878, and the father has since mar- ried again, and resides on the old homestead. Marquis was educated in the public schools, and then attended the State Normal school for two years, and the Illinois Wesleyan University four years, graduating in the scientific course in 1874, receiving the^ de- gree of B. S., and three years later the de- gree of M. S. was conferred upon him. Being in very poor health at this time, he re- sumed farming, and this has proven so benefi- cial, under the favorable circumstances sur- rounding him, that he has continued to fol- low it. He was married, March 30, 1875, to Fan- nie Stubblefield, of Funk's Grove, McLean county, born there September 17, 1853. They became acquainted while attending the university, which she attended about three years. Her family are old settlers in that county. Mr. and Mrs. Crum have four chil- dren: Edith, the eldest, now sixteen, has been attending the Illinois College at Jack- sonville, and expects to complete a course in one of the higher institutes of learning; Arthur E. and Oral C. are bright boys; and Rena F., now three years old, is the pet of the family. Mr. Crum owns a farm of 700 acres, principally devoted to stock. He breeds shorthorn cattle, and uses the Percheron- . Norman horses, his father-in-law being an importer of this breed of horses in Bloom- ington. He also owns a stock farm of 240 acres near Kirksville, Missouri, and usually buys his stock in Missouri and ships here. They are members of the Methodist Episco- pal Church, and Mr. Crum belongs to the A. 0. U.'W. He is a Democrat. He has been associated with the Farmers' Alliance, and was the State president of it for eighteen months. He declined a re-election. He was a delegate from Illinois to the national convention at Ocala, Florida, and Mr. Crum describes this trip as the finest he ever made. He has three nice tenement houses on his extensive farm where his employees reside. He hires four or five men by the year, usually married men, and furnishes them with house, fuel and garden. ^ ^ fOSEPH MESEEVEY, of Elkhorn town- ship, was born here, June 22, 1841. He is the son of Joseph and Eliza Meservey. Joseph was the son of Nathaniel, both of Vermont. He spent his life there and died when nearly ninety years of age. Joseph followed the business of shipping horses for nine years, and then went into a distillery, and then sold out and came to this State at an early date. He continued at home until his mar- riage, worked with his father, and attended the subscription school when able. When he married he had a little farm, and after- ward he bought more land. He now owns 760 acres, which he earned himself. He carries $10,000 life insurance. He runs a large quarry by machinery. This is a new industry, and will employ fully thirty men, and the machinery will require an outlay of nearly $8,000. He is a Eepublican in poli- tics, and voted first for Abraham Lincoln. He was married, June 15, 1865, to Mel- vina Jane Wilson, born in Pike county, Illi- nois. (See sketch of George Wilson for history of Mrs. Meservey's family). Mr. and Mrs. Meservey have nine children: Clara M., Warren R., George O., Maggie B., El- 298 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OF 0A8H, wood, Lorena E., Herbert H., Herman H., and Amy A. Warren R. married Cora Y. Moore, of Brown county, and has two chil- dren: Estel V. and Nina. The family belong to the Methodist Epis- copal Church, and the daughters are metii- bers of the Ep worth League. They are a family that commands the respect and esteem of their host of friends. JTaOUIS F. KLOKER, a practical and nfji extensive farmer, occupying his fine ^^ farm in section 30, township 17, range 11, was born in Beardstown, May 20, 1836. Here he was reared and educated and has always been a resident. His father was Louis Kloker, Sr., a native of Hanover, Germany, belonging to an old German family. He had been a wagon maker, the only son of his father's family, and after growing up, about 1832, he came to the United States on a sailing vessel. After a voyage of thirteen weeks he landed in New Orleans, and came on to Besirdstown, via the Mississippi river. He began work as a mechanic, and died about 1839. He was known as a hard-working young man of good habits, and was a mem- ber of the Lutheran Church. He left two sons, our subject and a brother Henry, who died when thirteen years of age. He mar- ried Mary Raube, also a native of Hanover, who had come to America in the same ves- sel with Mr. Kloker. They married soon after landing in Beardstown. She is the only member of her family in this country. After the death of her husband, Mrs. Kloker was married again to Fred Wedeking, who had come on the same vessel and at the same time as Mr. Kloker. After her second mar- riage they lived in Beardstown until 1844, when they settled on a farm southeast of Beardstown, and there Mrs. Wedeking died, December 25, 1857, aged forty-two. Mr. Wedeking died there also in 1887, aged seventy-six. He and his wife were good Lutherans, and very honest people. After the death of his father, Louis was carefully reared by his mother and step- father, and since their death he has been taking care of himself. Mr. Kloker form- erly lived in township 17, range 12. He has made the most of his property by his own efforts, and now owns 280 acres, which is highly improved, and has upon it good farm buildings. He also owns forty acres in tim- ber land. He was married in this county to Mrs. Minnie Yost, nee Soheide. She was born in Prussia, in 1833, and came to Cass county, Illinois, with her mother. Her father died in Germany, in the prime of life. After they had come to this country they first set- tled in St. Louis, and there Miss Soheide was first married. She outlived all her hus- bands, and died at the home of her daughter, Mrs. Kloker, May 20, 1888. She was born February 8, 1794, and hence was ninety-four years of age: she was a strong, stout wo- man all her life. She and her people were Lutherans. Mr. and Mrs. Kloker are working mem- bers of the St. Peter's Lutheran Church, near Arenzville, of which he has been Trustee for some years. For tliirty years he has been active in school work in the township. In politics he is a Republican. They are par- ents of six children: Henry, farming on the home place; John A., a farmer in this county; Edward, also a farmer in this county; Lena, wife of William F. Duval, a farmer of this county; Herman and Fred are at hoipe on the farm. 8GHUTLEB AND BROWN OOUNTIES. 299 Mrs. Kloker had three children by a for- mer marriage with Ernest F. Yost, formerly a successful farmer of this county, and a na- tive of Germany. They are: Mary, wife of Ernest J. Boes, now of Beardstown; Louisa, wife of Henry H. Meyer, a family in this county; and Minnie, deceased, dying at the age of thirty-two, after her marriage with Henry W. Meyer. 4^ ^ f[OHN SANDIDGE, one of the most intel- ligent and prosperous farmers of Oak- land township, Schuyler county, was born in the State of Kentucky in 1829. His father, Daniel Sandidge, was a native of Yir- ginia, born in 1804; there he married Pa- melia Tate, born in the same place in 1803. The paternal grandfather of our subject, John Sandidge was a Yirginian by birth ; he married a native of Virginia, and in an early day re- moved to Kentucky, settling in Lincoln county; he became a wealthy planter, owning a large number of slaves. They had a family of nine sons and four daughters: Daniel, Clay- ton, Joshua, James, Larkin, John, Wyatt, Madison, Pullum, Emily, Patience, Amanda^ and Leanta; all grew to adult age and had families excepting Emily, who died in early childhood. The father met with death by accident, his team running away and throw- ing him from the carriage. He was an octo- genarian, and his wife died seven years later, nearly eighty years old. The eldest son, Daniel Sandidge, removed from Kentucky to Illinois in 1831, bringing his wife and five children; they first located at Canton, and removed thence to Industry township, Mc- Donough county; here Mr. Sandidge took up 160 acres of Government land which he im- proved for two years, selling it at the end of that time; he moved to Eldorado township and bought a claim to 160 acres, on which he lived until 1840; he again sold, and pur- chased another tract of the same number of acres, and lived on this until 1850, when he sold and bought 160 acres in Oakland town- ship, Schuyler county. His wife died in Eldorado township, at the age of forty-two years, leaving a family of ten children. He married a second time, the union being to Cynthia Phillips, who bore him a daughter and son. He died in 1882, aged seventy-eight years; the wife died in June, 1891, at the age of eighty-four years. The surviving members of this family are named as follows: Lucy J., John, Mrs. Jonah Lindsey, Harriet, wife of Elisha Goruch, Mrs. JSIathan Lindsey, Daniel, Charles, Larkin, Ellen, wife of Mike McCarty. John Sandidge, our worthy subject, was reared to the life of a farmer, but in his twenty-first year left home and went to Cali- fornia; the trip across the plains proved a very enjoyable as well as novel one, and he spent ten years in the Golden State, engaged in mining and raising live-stock. In 1860 he returned to Illinois via the Isthmus, re- mained one month, and then went back to California. In 1871 he came home via the Union Pacific route, the object of this visit being to claim his bride. He was married November 19, 1871, to Miss Emma Stockton, and they returned to California by rail. It proved a pleasant trip for her, and Mr. Sandidge sold his inter- ests there, and came back to Illinois in 1873. He has lived much of his time since 1873 in Vermont, Illinois, where he owns a pleasant home. He bought a farm of 400 acres re- cently, and owns 200 acres in McDonough county. Mr. and Mrs. Sandidge have one son and a daughter: John F. is nineteen and Ida 300 BIOGRAPHIOAL REVIEW OF 0AS8, Leah is fifteen ; both are receiving excellent 'educational advantages. The son has a de- cided taste for agriculture, and intends mak- ing that his life occupation. Mr. Sandidge had the severe misfortune of losing his sight in 1882, the cause being brought about by his becoming overheated. Mrs. Stockton, mother of Mrs. Sandidge, is nov7 eighty-five years of age, but is bright and vigorous; she is a native of Fayette county, Pennsylvania, but came to Illinois in 1839; she was married to Daniel Stockton in 1842; he died in January, 1883, aged eighty- three years. She well remembers the first steamer of the Ohio river, named the Adven- ture, and relates many interesting anecdotes of early days. Mr. Sandidge is a Prohibitionist, but in former days was a Democrat, casting his vote for Horace Greeley, whom he esteemed one of the greatest men and most gifted writers. He carries on a general farming business, but makes a specialty of raising live-stock, giving his preference to short-horn cattle. He plants from forty to seventy acres of corn, gathering as high as eighty bushels to the acre; he sows from thirty to seventy acres of wheat, but one of his practices is the rotation of crops, and he seeds to clover every third year. He is a man of good, sound judgment, and has made a marked success of every industry to which he has turned his attention. ^ > lOLDMBUS T. WALKER, of Virginia iUSi pi'scinct, is a native of Fauquier county, Virginia, born May 12, 1838. His par- ents were Solomon and Emma (Wilkins) Walker. Both were natives of Virginia, father born in 1804, and the mother four years later. They removed to Cass county, Illinois, in 1855, and located on a farm near Virginia; here they both died, the mother in 1881, and the father in 1890. They had nine children: William W., Darius K, Peter L., Columbus T., Mary P., Churchill A., David T., Jennie E. and James T. Columbus T. was nineteen years old when he came to this county, and has resided here ever since. He attended the schools in this precinct after arriving in the county. He first learned the tanner trade, and also learned to be a leather dresser, but did not follow the business after leaving Virginia. He has been a farmer all his life. He has a farm of 100 acres, on which he hap excellent improve- ments. He is a Republican in politics, although all his brothers are Democrats. He has held all the township offices, and has been School Director for fifteen years, also Road Commissioner and Judge of Election, etc. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church, of which he is a Deacon, having held that ofiice for twenty years. He is a member of the I. O. O. P., and has been since 1859, and now is a Past Grand of Saxon Lodge, No. 68. He was married in Cass county, February 8, 1866, to Emma J. Angier, a native of Cass county, born October 10, 1846. Her parents were Addison G. and Annie E. (Wilson) Angier of Ohio. They were among the ear- liest settlers in Cass county: mother is still living in the county, but father died April 7, 1890. Mrs. Walker died March 16, 1889, leaving seven children. She was aged forty-two at her death. The children are: Ella G., born December, 1865, married Edward Tink, and died in 1892, leaving two children; Edward A., born in December, 1868, married and re- sides in Kansas City; Hattie M., born May, 1871, married Charles Etchison, and resides in Virginia precinct; Louie P., born August, 80HUTLEB AWB BROWN OOTTNTIEa. 301 1875; Charles H., born April, 1878; George R., born April, 1881, and DoUie, born March, 1884. He married for his second wife, Mrs. Leona Walker. She was a native of Cass county, and the daughter of George and Per- melia (Freeman) Arenat. Mrs. Walker is a member of the Christian Church. Mr. Walker is a man of representative type, — a distinction among his fellows at- tained by his honest, straightforward busi- ness methods and fine social qualities. His successes in life justly merit for him the ap- probation of business associates and compet- itors, and from the same source he receives warm sympathy for the late reverses which in a degree have temporarily checked his usual flourishing condition. 4^ ^ fOHN F. HUSS, general farmer and stock raiser in section 1, township X7, range 11, has entire charge of his fath- er's homestead of more than 300 acres of fine land, under good improvement. The build- ings are large and comfortable, and ^he place is well stocked. Mr. Huss has had the place under his personal control for pearly three years, and has shown himself to be a very successful farmer. Hq w£|,s borq in this county. May 27, 186^. He was reared and has always lived on the farm where he was born. He reoeivpd his education in the country schppls. He is the fourth son of Christian Huss, who was born in Germany of German parentage, and came to the United States alone. Mr. Huss, Sr.. emigrated to this country in the '50s, settling in Beards- town. He purchased two other farms before he obtained his present homestead. The lat- ter he conducted himself, until the spring of ^889. He is now about sixty years of age, hale and hearty, has made all of his large property since he has come to this country. He is a member of the Lutheran Church, and a stanch Democrat. (For further family history, see biography of C. J. Huss.) Our subject is one of nine children, seven of whom are still living. Mr. Huss, of this notice, was married in this county to Miss Minnie Buck, born in this county, in 1868, daughter of Jasper J. Buck. (See biography of Mr. Buck for history.) She has no family, is a very smart, intelligent woman, and is one of the kind women of the commu- nity, and is so known everywhere. She and her husband are popular young people, and highly respected by al| their neighbors. Mr. Huss takes quite an interest in local politics, and it may be predicted that he will be elected by the Democratic party to fill many of the offices of the county. LFREI^ M. THOMPSON, a farmer 1 and stock raiser of township 17 north, range 11 wpst, section 36, Virginia post office, was born on the farm where he now lives, February 2^, 1850. His parents were Osweil and Elizabeth (Henderson) Tliompson. Both were born near Chillicothe, Ohio, the father in 1806, and the mother, September 22, 1813. They came to Illinois with their parents in the same year, 1827. The father's parents located on the farm which Alfred now owns, and the mother's people located near Arcadia, Illinois. They were married here, in 1829. They had eight children: Ada, wife of I. J. Swibling, a well- to-do farmer and stock raiser near Ashland, Illinois; Mrs. Mary J. Black, the eldest, re- sides in Virginia; she has been married twice, her first husband being Mace Skiles; W. 303 BIOORAPHIGAL REVIEW OF 0A8S, Howard resides in Jacksonville, Illinois, and runs a feed and sale stable; he also owns a fine tract of land near that of the subject; Sarah Ellen married Jacob Epler, who died soon after, and she married Mr. Andrew App; her home is now at Seattle, Washington, where she married her second husband ; she is now in Europe; Alfred; David; Albert and Abigail; the two latter deceased, the former in childhood, the latter in middle life, leaving a family. The youngest of the family is the first child mentioned, Ada. Alfred was reared and educated in his na- tive county, and at the State Normal School, which he attended two years. He returned home and resutned fanning. He was married in this county, September 10, 1872, to Meranda L. Payne, daughter of W. JB. and Esther (Stevenson) Payne, natives of Kentucky, where Mrs. Thompson was born June 25, 1854. They have had five children: Howard, born in 1876, died in 1883, from scarlet fever; David, born in 1878, at home; Nellie died at the age of three months; Edith, born in 1881, at home; Everett, borti in North Dakota, and died in infancy. In the spring of 1883, Mr. Thompson leased his farm and went to Bismai-ck, North Dakota, for the purpose of recuperating his health. There he remained seven years, re- turning in a greatly improved condition. He again took possession of the farm upon which he was born, and still operates it with hired assistance. He owns a fine farm of part timber and part prairie, upon which he has made many improvements. He lives in the house in which he was born, which is in a good condition and is a building that does credit to the neighborhood. Mr. Thompson is a Democrat in politics, and has been School Director and Road Com- missioner. Served one year as County As- sessor' of Burley county. North Dakota, re- signing that office when he decided to return to Illinois, two years ago. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, in which he takes a deep interest, and also in the Sunday-school work, and he subscribes liberally to the support of same. The Thompson family were among the first settlers in the county. Few indeed can go back as they, in their residence here. The family were of German origin, though long since established in America. Mr. Thompson owns 800 acres of land in Burley, North Dakota, which he rents, has 320 acres of wheat on it this year (1892), he furnishing the seed and receiving one-half of the threshed grain. EOEGE GREER was born near Five- mile town, county Tyrone, Ireland, Au- gust 1, 1814. His father was also a native of Ireland and was named Robert. The grandfather, George Greer, it is thought, was born on the same farm, and all were of Scotch ancestry. The grandfather was a farmer by occupation, and was also a promi- nent contractor of public works and improve- ments. He passed away in his native county. His wife, whose maiden name was Jane Mar- tin, was born in county Fermanagh, and was also of Scotch stock. Both were members of the Methodist Church. The grandfather was an eccentric but able man, with independent views, and erected a stone church in his own yard. The father of our subject was also a farmer and a successful contractor and spent his en- tire life on the farm where he was born. His wife was Catherine Lendrum, who was born in the same locality, and was the daughter of SG BUTLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 303 John and Elizabeth (Erskine) Lendi-nm, also of the same county and also of Scotch de- scent. The Erskines were very prominent people, not only in Ireland bnt in England also, where they were connected by ties of blood with nobility and royalty, and boasted a coat of arms, a motto, and an honored name. Both the parents of our subject were Methodists. The niother came to America at the age of forty-six years, and passed her last days at her home in Rushville. She reared a large family of thirteen children as follows: George, John, Elizabeth, Jane, Joseph, James, Robert, Eleanor, Erskine, Lendrum, Lncinda, Andrew and Alexander. All the members of this family were born in Ireland, and our subject was the first to cross the ocean, sailing from Derry on the 14th of April, 1832, in the vessel William Ewing, and landing in Philadelphia on the 7th of June, "When our subject reached Philadelphia he was a stranger and in limited circumstances. He soon found employment in that city, but the cholera broke out with great violence, whereupon he went to Lancaster county and engaged in farming, and there resided until the 13th of February, 1830, when he went by stage to Pittsburg, thence down the Ohio by the steamer Ben Bolt (her first trip), and up the Mississippi and Illinois rivers to Beards- town. Soon afterward he located at Rush- ville, and for some time was engaged in ex- ploring the surrounding country. In the fall of 1836 he returned to Pennsylvania, and in July, 1837, again came to Rushville, where he has since resided. For many years he was a successful merchant and was associated in business with Thomas "Wilson, but is now re- tired. He has been one of the most substantial and upright of Rushville's business men. Ou the 6th of April, 1837, he was united in marriage to Miss Ann J. Clark, a native of Lancaster county, Pennsylvania. Her par- ents were John and Eleanor (Greer) Clark. Mr. and Mrs. Greer have two children living, Susanna and Almira D. The former is the wife of Henry Brown, and has three living children: Olie, Eleanor and Lynn; Almira is the wife of Edwin P. McClure, and has two children, George H. and Margaret M. Mr. and Mrs. Greer are Methodists, and he is a straight Republican. I ESSE WIGHT, farmer of township 17, range 10 west. Little Indian post office, was born in Delaware county. New York, February 13, 1828. His parents were Har- vey and Judith (Jenkins) Wight — father born in JSlew Jersey and the mother near Bunker Hil.1, Massachusetts. Both died the same week in New York State. Of a family of twelve, Jesse was the second youngest. The family has been scattered, some to Michigan, others to Pennsylvania and one to Illinois. Jesse came to Beardstown on May 1, 1846, and hired out to work on a farm in this pre- cinct, where he continued to work in that way for four or five years. He then rented land for several years, and about thirty years ago purchased his first real estate in Illinois. He was raised and educated in New York, and left there at twenty-two. Mr. Wight, by industry and economy, has accumulated a snug property, where he now lives in com- parative ease. He owns a fine farm of 107 acres in a good state of cultivation, and raises grain and stock. Mr. Wight has never seen any of his father's relations, and hence knows but little of his family's genealogy. He was married here in 1851, to Margaret Taylor, of Montgomery county, Ohio, who was born in 1826. Mr. and Mrs. Wight have 304 BIOGBAPHIOAL REVIEW OF OASS, eight children: Abigail, the eldest, married Taylor Berry, and lives in Morgan county; William is a farmer and lives in Nebraska, where also lives John I.; Amos Harvey lives on his father's farm; Lizzie J. Parker is now a widow and resides at home with her father; Mollie is still unmarried and lives at home. Mr. and Mrs. Wight are members of the Presbyterian Church, and Mr. Wight is a member of the Pepublican party. He has held various positions of trust in the pre- cinct. Amos Harvey, the youngest son of the above, now managing his father's farm, was born in this precinct, February 14, 1859. He grew to manhood on the farm and at- tended the public schools. He was a farmer one year in Dakota and was otherwise employed there for one year. He was also one season in Nebraska, herding cattle and running a threshing machine. He was married, January 15, 1891, to OUie Gilpin, born in Morgan county, Illinois, June 9, 1871. Her parents were James and Becky Gilpin. Her father was a soldier dur- ing the late war and is a pensioner. Mr. and Mrs. Wight have one child, Nettie May, born January 9, 1892. Mrs. Wight died at their home August 24, 1892. Mr. Wight is a member of the J. O. O. F., and in politics is a Republican. Samuel, Robert, Thomas and David; John, James, Samuel, Thomas and David came to the United States. Our subject was reared and educated in the county of his birth, and in his youth began to assist on the home farm. He remained with his parents until 1851, when he bade farewell to home and friends and native land, and sailed across the seas to the New World; the voyage consumed five weeks, and after landing at New York he continued his jour- ney to Ohio, and located in Mahoning county. He remained there, working by the month, for more than eight years, and then came to Schuyler county and settled in Bainbridge township. When the great Civil war arose, Mr. Dodds espoused the cause of his adopted country, and August 5, 1861, enlisted in Company G, Twenty-eighth Illinois Volunteer Infantry. He was with his regiment until April, 1866, and participated in the capture of Forts Hy- man and Henry, and in the engagements at Shiloh, Grand Gulf, Champion Hills, the Hatchie, Yicksburg, Forts Beauregard and Blakely and Spanish Fort, and some others of less note. He was honorably discharged, and returned to his home, where he resumed farm- ing. In 1867 he bought the land he now oc- cupies. Mr. Dodds was married in 1874, to Mrs. Martha Herron Collister, a native of county Down, and a daughter of James and Nancy (Murray) Herron. Mrs. Dodds was first married in Ireland, to Joseph Collister; they emigrated to America in 1856, and the fol- lowing year came to Schuyler county. Mr. Collister became a member of Company D, One Hundred and Fifteenth Illinois Volun- 373 BIOGRAPHIOAL REVIEW OF OASS, teer Infantry, and after the war settled in Bainbridge township, where lie lived until his death, in 1873; they had one daughter, Maggie, who married Thomas Suddith. Mr. and Mrs. Dodds were both reared to the faith of the Presbyterian Church. Mr. Dodds is a member of the Kepublican party, and is an ardent supporter of its principles; he belongs to Colonel Henry Post, No. 131, G. A. E. lAMUEL H. PETEFISH was born in Rockingham county, Yirginia, April 30, 1824, son of Jacob Petefish, a na- tive of the same State. His grandfather. Christian Petefish, was born in Germany. When a young man. Christian Petefish en- tered the army. He came to America as a Hessian soldier during the time of the Revo- lutionary war. His sympathies, however, were not with the British Government, and after the battle of Princeton he joined the Colonial ranks and fought for independence until peace was declared. He then settled in Virginia, where he reared his family, and spent the remainder of his life. Jacob Petehsh was reared and married in the Old Dominion, and resided there until 1835. That year, with his wife and eight children, he started for Illinois. They made the journey with a four-horse team, brought their cooking utensils along, cooked and camped on the way, and arrived in what is now Cass county in October. Mr. Petefish purchased a tract of land in what is now Vir- ginia precinct, engaged in farming, and re- sided here till the time of his death, in 1849. The maiden name of his wife was Elizabeth Price, she, too, being a native of Virginia. Her death occurred in 1854. They reared a family of eleven children. The names of the sons are as follows: William, Jacob, Sam- uel H., John A., Andrew J. and Thomas B. Andrew J. was a soldier in the late war, and died in the service. Of the daughters we re- cord that Mary wedded Reuben Fultz; Sarah married Robert Maxfield ; Elizabeth was the wife of Levi Conover; Ellen married Joseph Crura ; and Diana became the wife of Daniel Short. Samuel H. Petefish was eleven years old when he came to Illinois with his parents, and has witnessed almost the entire growth and development of the county. At the time they settled here, much of the land was owned by the Government; it was many years before the whistle of the locomotive sounded in Cass county; the people lived chiefly on wild game and the products of their own land. The pioneer wives and mothers cooked by fireplaces, they dressed their families in homespun manufactured by their own hands, and many were the hard- ships and privations they endured. In the primitive log schoolhouses, with their rude furnishings, the children of these piooeer families conned their lessons in the three R's. The subject of our sketch attended school in the winter and worked on the farm in sum- mer. When he was twenty-one his father gave him and his brother, Jacob, a tract of unimproved land, upon which they com- menced life as independent farmers. The father furnished them a team and they at once set about the improvement of their land. A year later they made a contract with a neighbor for 350 acres of land near by, the greater portion of it being improved. The contract price was |3,500. They were to take possession one year later, at which time they were to pay $1,000, and then yearly payments of $500, with interest at six per SOHUTLER AND BMOWN O0UNTIE8. 373 cent. After farming together three years' they divided their land. Samuel H. was very successful, made his payments as they became due, and continued farming till 1857, when he rented his land and went to the Ter- ritory of Kansas, going via the lUiuois, Mis- sissippi and Missouri rivers. He resided in Leavenworth and Atchison about one year, and in April, 1858, returned to Cass county. In 1859 he located on his farm, and there resided, engaged in agricultural pursuits, un- til 1867, since which time he has made his home in Virginia. He is still, however, in- terested in agricultural pursuits, being now one of the largest land-owners in the county, owning upwards of 1,500 acres. The business career of Mr. Petefish has been a remarkably successful one. He first became interested in banking in 1864, being one of the original stockholders in the Farm- ers' National Bank. In 1870, the firm of Petefish, Skiles & Co. was formed, which firm has since conducted a banking business in Virginia. He is also a member of the firm of Petefish, Skiles & Mertz, of Chandler- ville, this company having been formed in February, 1881; the firm of Skiles, Rearich & Co., bankers of Ashland, established there in August, 1881; the firm of Bloomfield, Skiles & Co., Mount Sterling; and is a stock- holder in the Schuyler County Bank, of Rush- ville. He is the owner of several business blocks in Virginia, and it was he who platted and named the addition to Virginia, known as Grand Villa. Besides his farms in Cass county, he owns 200 acres of fine farming land in Crawford county, Iowa, also 778 acres in Decatur county, Iowa. Politically, Mr. Petefish was for many years a Democrat. At present he is a Pro- hibitionist in principle and practice, and votes with that party. Mr. Petefish is a man of family. March 18, 1848, he wedded ISTancy M. Hudson, daughter of Peter and Melinda (Huffman) Hudson. They have two children living, Mary E., wife of E. D. C. Woodward of Vir- ginia, and Louis A. Such is an epitome of the life of one of Virginia's most prominent and popular citizens. -^^uzn/b- ■-^l/inr>^^ ILLIAM STEVENSON, of township 17, range 10, section 26, Little In- dian post office is an honored pioneer of Cass county. He was born in Scott county, Kentucky, December 2, 1813, a son of James and Mary (Elliott) Stevenson, the former a native of Ohio, and the latter of Kentucky. To them were born nine children, of whom three are living at this writing (1892), viz.: Sarah, now Mrs. W. A. Bennett, of Spring- field; Louisa, wife of Mr. Anthony Boston^ residing near Jacksonville, Illinois; and Will- iam of this notice. Those deceased are Wesley, Eliza J., Harriet, James, Robert and Augustus. In 1829, Mrs. Stevenson died, and the same year Mr. Stevenson brought his family of children to Illinois, settling in Morgan county, on the three-mile strip that afterward became a part of Cass county. Our subject spent his boyhood in his native State, and there received such educational ad- vantages as the common schools of the time afforded, which was supplemented by a few months' schooling after coming to Illinois. While a resident of Kentucky he was well acquainted with that somewhat noted soldier and philanthropist, Colonel Richard Johnson, who claimed the honor of having slain the celebrated Indian chief and warrior, Tecumseh, at the battle of Moraviantown in 1814. William Stevenson was reared on a farm and farming has been his occupation all 374 BIOORAPHIOAL REVIEW OF 0A88, through life. On February 11, 1836, he was united in marriage to Miss Frances, daughter of William and Eachel (Roe) Berry, who came from Virginia to Cass county in 1832, and settled on a farm near the Stevenson homestead. Mr. and Mrs. Stevenson were the parents of seven children, four of whom are still liv- ing: Mary Eliza, died in 1838; Thomas, in 1839; Rachel became the wife of William E, Martin, and' died in 1879; Robert Roe, married Mary J. Scott, and resides in Jack- sonville, Illinois; Sarah Cornelia is the wife of John J. Bergan, a prosperous merchant of Virginia city, Illinois; Joseph B. wedded Dora Vandeventer, and lives in Springfield, Illinois; and Charles married Mary Epler, and resides on the home farm. Mr. and Mrs. Stevenson also reared two orphan chil- dren. In 1884, when in his seventy-first year, Mr. Stevenson contested for the prize of a gold-headed cane offered by the county fair association for horse-back riding, which he won, and shows with a commendable pride. On February 11, 1886, Mr. and Mrs. Stevenson celebrated the fiftieth anniversary of their married life, which joyous event was participated in by all the living relations. Many handsome and valuable testimonials of affection were presented to them on this oc- casion by their admiring friends. Mrs. Stevenson died at her home July 13, 1891, after a happy married life of fifty-five years, being in the eighty-eighth year of her age. She was a woman possessing many excellen- cies of character, a faithful wife, loving mother, kind neighbor, and devout Christian, whose many acts of kindness endeared her to a large circle of friends. By reason of a ro- bust constitution and good habits she attained nearly fourscore years, and passed away as peacefully as the coming dawn, in the full consciousness of an immortality beyond the grave. Mr. Stevenson has been a resident of Cass county for sixty-three years, and has resided on the same section of land since 1829. He has not only witnessed the wonderful change in the country but has actively participated in transforming the wilderness and unbroken prairie into fertile farms.. Every enterprise for the material or moral advancement of the community has received his cordial support. He and his family are Presbyterians, and have contributed liberally in support of the church. He was a Whig until the forma- tion of the Republican party, when he joined that organization and has since supported its principles. He has never sought public of- fice, preferring the quiet pursuits of farm life. By honest industry he has been success- ful in acquiring a handsome competence. He has assisted his children to good starts in life and still owns a fine farm of 375 acres, which which is supplied with good buildings and all modern conveniences. In addition to his duties of superintending his farm, he was until recently agent for the Jacksonville Southeastern Railroad which runs through his farm, on which Little Indian station is lo- cated. He was for twenty-four years agent for the Wabash, Peoria, Pekin & Jackson- ville and the Jacksonville & Southeastern Railroad Companies, but resigned that posi- tion in August, 1892. fOHN LISTMANN, of the firm of Rnp- pel & Listmann, extensive dealers in boots and shoes, located at 108 State street, Beardstown, Illinois, was born in Frischborn, Kreis Lanterbach, Hesse-Darm- SOEUTLEB AND BROWN COUNTIES. 375 stadt, Germany, October 26, 1853, and grew up in his native place, and passed a full course in the public schools. In 1867 he and a sister with their parents started from Bremen for America, lauding in New York city after a safe trip on the steamship At- lanta. The little family came on and made a settlement at Springfield, Illinois, where an elder son and two daughters had preceded them. The family settled at the capital for some time and then the parents located near Burlington, Iowa, where they both died, at the age of about sixty- seven and sixty-eight years respectively. The father who was a native of Hesse- Darmstadt and tiller of the soil died in the fall of 1878 ; and the mother, whose maiden name was Wienold, lived a few months after her husband's death ; then she too died, in the early part of the year 1879. Our subject is the youngest of a large family of whom but four are living. He con- tinued to perfect his education, principally by self-study, and succeeded in attaining the ability to speak and write both the German and English with fluency. He learned the trade of shoemaker and formed a partnership in February, 1879, with Adam Kuppel, also a practical boot and shoemaker by trade, and these two gentlemen have carried on the busi- ness successfully ever since. Mr. Listmann had been in the employ of H. Fay art, Spring- field, Illinois, and Ruppel Bros, and Adam Rupple, Beardstown, for some time before entering into the partnership above referred to. He is a stockholder in several building and loan associations, and is identified with the growth of the city. He has a host of friends. He is a Republican in politics and is an active member of the Evangelical Lutheran Church (Fourth Street), and was a delegate to the General Synod of the Lutheran Church, when it held its session at Altoona, Pennsylvania, in 1881. Mr. and Mrs. Listmann take great interest in the social and religious work of their church. He was married in Beardstown, to Marie Lammers, October 20, 1881. She was born, reared and educated in Beardstown. She was the daughter of Alexander and Henrietta (Christianer) Lammers, natives of Prussia and Hanover, Germany. They were married in Beardstown. They are now both deceased Mr. Lammers died in February, 1879, and was eighty years of age. Mr. and Mrs. Listmann have three chil- dren, Cora, Alice and Phoebe. ^ ^ jSWELL SKILES, capitalist, Virginia, Illinois, was born in Ross county, Ohio, October 26, 1828. His father, Harmon Skiles, a native of Pennsylvania, went to Ohio when a young man and settled on Picka- way Plains, being one of the early settlers of that section of the country. In those days many of the more extensive farmers had dis- tilleries on their farms, and made their own corn into whiskey, it being much more easily transported to the distant markets in that way. Mr. Skiles had a large distillery on his farm. He removed from Pickaway Plains to Wash- ington Court House, where he died in 1851. He was twice married. His first wife, nee Mary Thompson, died in January, 1829, leaving two sons, Ignatius and Oswell. By his second wife he had two daughters, Elea- nor and Susan. Oswell Thompson, grand- father of the subject of our sketch, was one of the pioneer settlers of Pickaway Plains. In 1827, he started westward and came to Cass county, Illinois. He located on North 376 BIOaBAPHICAL REVIEW OF 0A8S, Prairie, where he secured a farm and resided until his death. Oswell Skiles was an infant when his mother died, and he was reared by a family named Smith. Mr. Smith was a poor man, had ten children of his own, and lived on a rented farm. In addition to his farming operations he also had a contract to carry the mails between Washington Court House and Columbus, a distance of thirty-seven miles, and to Chillicothe, twenty-five miles. As soon as he was large enough, young Skiles com- menced to earn his living by assisting on the farm, and when about fifteen years old he carried the mail, making the journey on horse- back. They used to make two trips a week to Columbus. Many of the streams were not bridged, and during high water he had either to swim his horse or wait until the water subsided. When he was about twenty years old he began to learn the trade of harnessmaker. He continued work at that trade, in Ohio, until the fall of 1851, when he came to Illinois, making the journey with a horse and buggy, to Springfield. He rode on the cars from there to Jacksonville, that being the first railroad he had ever seen. He landed in Jacksonville with $5 in his pocket; hired a horse and rode to Arcadia, from which place he walked to the home of his uncle, Oswell Thompson, having sent the horse back. On his arrival at his uncle's he received |100 which he had inherited from his grandfather's estate, and with that he bought a horse, saddle and bridle. Thus equipped, he made the journey on horseback the following winter to Iowa, where he joined another uncle residing in Louisa county, for whom he worked about one year. Then he returned to Cass county, and in April, 1853, started for California. A man named Welch had fitted out a train of ox teams, and Mr. Skiles paid him |75 to carry his provisions, clothing, etc., and he assisted in driving the oxen and loose stock. They crossed the Illinois river at Beardstown, on the 6th of April, and continued their way westward over rivers, plains and mountains, arriving in the Sacramento valley in October. At that time there were no white settlers between the Missouri river and California, except the Mormons at Salt Lake, and the country abounded in game of all kinds. Mr. Skiles had only about $2 left when he reached California. He engaged to work for Mr. Welch on his ranch for $75 per month and board, and the two lived together in a cabin, keeping bach. Mr. Skiles was soon taken sick, however, and had to seek quarters where he could receive better attention, and for which he had to pay $9 per week. With the first money he earned after his recovery, he paid his board. He remained with Mr. Welch about one year, and then went to Forbestown, Butte county, where he bought an interest in a mining claim, for which he paid $100. He was successful in his mining operations that winter. In the spring he sold out and went to Sierra county, prospected for a time, and then for some months was engaged in preparing a tunnel for deep diggings. The winter was very severe, the snow falling to the depth of ten feet. In the spring he engaged in mining, being thus occupied there for two years, at the end of which time he sold his interest for 11,000. He then worked by the day about three months, for $5 per day. JSText we find him in the Sacramento valley, engaged in farming and stock raising, he having pur- chased an interest in a claim to a tract of Government land near Marysville. In 1858 he took passage on the steamer Oregon and went to Victoria; but, instead of being en- aCBUTLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 377 couraging, the reports from the mines in the British possessions were the opposite, and consequently he returned to his ranch, where he remained till 1862. Then, with four yoke of oxen he started to take a load of flour to Virginia City, Nevada. On his arrival there, he sold his load and engaged in draw- ing cord wood to the quartz mill, receiving $15 per cord. In the fall he returned to his ranch and spent the winter, and the follow- ing spring went back to Virginia City. The next autumn he took a load of shakes to Austin, Reese river, 150 miles distant from Virginia City, selling them for $150 per 1,000. He spent the winter there, and in the spring sold his oxen and wagon, and started on his return East. He journeyed by stage, via Austin and Salt Lake City, to Atchison, Kansas, thence by steamer and rail to Jack- sonville, arriving at his uncle Oswell Thomp- son's on the 4th of July, 1864. His suc- cess in California was not unlike that of many others who sought their fortunes in the Golden State — sometimes successful and at other times in hard luck. -On his arrival in Cass county, he had about $1,000. He formed a partnership with his brother Igna- tius, and engaged in buying and shipping stock, in which he was very successfully en- gaged for a number of years. For the past few years, however, he has devoted his atten- tion to banking and farming. He is a mem- ber of the firm of Petefish, Skiles & Co., of Virginia; of Skiles, Rearick & Co., of Ash- land; and of Mertz, Skiles & Co., of Chand- lerville; and Bloomfield, Skiles & Co., of Mt. Sterling. He owns farms in different parts of Cass county, some of which he rents and some of which he superintends. Mr. Skiles has been twice married. In July, 1870, he wedded Miss Ann Conover, a native of Cass county, Illinois, a sister of George Conover (a sketch of whom appears elsewhere in this volume). She died in 1877, and in 1879 he married Eliza J. Epler. He has one child living, by his first marriage, Lee Harmon, who is in the bank at Chand- ler ville. The children of his present wife are Louis Oswell and Stella. Politically, Mr. Skiles is a Republican. He and his wife are members of the Presby- terian Church. •jgHILIP JOKISCH, a practical young farmer, living on a beautiful farm of 140 acres almost all highly improved, and the same supplied with good farm build- ings, was born on the Jokisch homestead belonging to his father, Charles G., in this township January 26, 1854. He was reared and educated in his native county. When arrived at manhood's estate he began farming on his own account. He is the second son and third child of his father, Charles Jokisch (see his biography). Mr. Philip Jokisch had but limited opportunities for acquiring an education, but is a bright, intelligent man, and has been very prosper- ous. His present farm has been improved by him and lies in the valley of the Illinois river. He has owned this fine farm about ten years and in that time has built the nice residence they occupy. The land has ad- vanced in value since he bought it, and is now very valuable, and he has made his money by hard work. He was married in this county, near Arenz- ville, to Miss Sarah Hackman, born in this county on her father's old homestead, near Arenzville, October 28, 1869. She was care- fully reared by good parents and received a good education in the schools of the section, 378 BIOGBAPRIOAL REVIEW OF OASS, and at those of Jacksonville, Illinois. She is the fifth child and fourth daughter of Fred and Minnie M. (Meyer) Hackman, natives of Hanover, Germany. They grew up in that country, but came to this country when young and single, and were afterward married in Cass county where they began their married life near Arenzville. Here they accumulated a fine property of 400 acres of land. They are still living there and now enjoy the fruits of their labors. Mr. Hackman is not in good health, but Mrs. Hackman is as well as one of her age and after her life of hard work could expect to be. They are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. and Mrs. Jokisch are members of the German Methodist Episcopal Church. He is a Republican in politics. They are the par- ents of four children: Oswell, Orin P., Yiola E. and Verna M. Mr. and Mrs. Jokisch are good, reliable farmers, and are highly re- spected by all who know them. tEWIS T. BARRY, a prominent and es- teemed citizen of Mount Sterling, Hli- nois, was born in Tippecanoe county, Indiana, on a farm four miles northeast of La Fayette, September 29, 1827. His parents were John and Priscilla (Richards) Barry, the former a native of Pennsylvania. His father removed to Ohio in an early day, where he married his first wife, and continued to reside in Scioto valley, that State, until her death. He then removed to Kentucky, where he was again married, his second wife being the widow of Mr. Reynolds and became the mother of the subject of this sketch. About 1826, he and his wife re- moved to Indiana, at that time the frontier of civilization. They were pioneers of Tippe- canoe county, that State, where the Indians were then more numerous than the whites. The father here secured a large tract of Gov- ernment land and built a log house, in the construction of which no sawed lumber was used. The floor was of puncheon and the roof was covered with rived boards, held in place by weight poles, while the chimney was made of earth and sticks, called in those days a " cat-and-stick chimney." Both par- ents resided here until their death, the mother expiring in 1830 and his father in 1836. They both enjoyed the universal es- teem of their community and were widely and sincerely lamented. Thus the subject of this sketch was left an orphan at the tender age of nine years, and early became self-supporting. He attended a pioneer subscription school which was taught in a log house, the furniture being of the most primitive kind. Rough slabs, sup- ported by wooden pins for legs, formed the seats, which had neither backs nor desks; holes burned in the wall, on which a plank was laid, served as a desk for larger scholars to write on. The country was without rail- roads or canals for many years, and La Fay- ette was the nearest market. People used to team wheat to Chicago, a distance of about 150 miles. He thus continued to live on the home farm and attended school until he attained the age of eighteen years. He then commenced to clerk in Carroll county, Indi- ana, where he remained for about five years. After this, he engaged in tanning and the manufacture of boots, shoes and harness, at which business he continued four years. At the end of this time, he sold out, and for a couple of years served as Deputy County Auditor, after which he did bookkeeping in Delphi, Carroll county. In 1861, he came to Mount Sterling, where he engaged in the SOHUYLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 379 boot and shoe business, besides which, for some years, he made liarnesses and saddles. Hs is still engaged in the boot and shoe trade, and is the only exclusive dealer in that line in the city, being one of the few successful merchants of the place. He was married in Delphi, Indiana, in 1850, to Ann L. Richardson, an estimable lady, a native of Carroll county, that State, and a daughter of John Kichardson, a highly respected citizen. To this union five chil- dren were born, all living: A. Priscilla, wife of E. W. Reid, a prosperous resident of Los Angeles, California; Ellen E., wife of Isaiah Price, living in Springfield; Kate L., wife of William Mumford, of Pittsfield, who iiave one son, named Barry; John H. and Bert. Mr. Barry is a member of Hardin Lodge, No. 44, A. F. & A. M., and in politics sup- ports the issues of the Democratic party. Whatever success Mr. Barry has achieved in life has not been acquired without effort, as might be inferred. On the contrary, his prosperity and popularity is directly traceable to his unremitting energy and careful super- vision of all the details of his various occu- pations, and to his uniform integrity and courtesy, thus deservedly attaining success and esteem. fAPTAIN JOHN HEATON, a retired farmer residing in Virginia, Cass county, Illinois, was born in Wigan, Lancashire county, England, January 1, 1810. Dennis Heaton, his father, and Bartley Heaton, his grandfather, were also natives of Wigan, the family as far as known being of English ancestry. Grandfather Heaton was a Colonel in the Life Guards. He spent his whole life in England, Dennis Heaton was engaged in the mercantile business in Wigan, where he died about 1816. The maiden name of his wife was Kate Bartley, and she, too, was a native of Wigan. After the death of Mr. Heaton she married James Richardson. Her death occurred in Yorkshire about 1852. By her first husband she had nine children, all of whom reached adult years; by her second husband she reared four children. The subject of our sketch was reared in Manchester. He was six years old when his father died, and from the time he was seven he earned his own living. From his seventh year till his thirteenth he worked in a cotton factory, after which he began learning the trade of tin and coppersmith with Mr. Moon in Oldham street, Manchester, with whom he worked seven years. He now has a kettle which he made in 1827 and presented to his mother. At the time of his marriage she gave it back to him, and it has been in daily use in his family ever since. At the age of twenty-one Mr. Heaton en- listed in the Thirty-sixth Begiment of In- fantry, and was soon transferred to the Fifty- ninth Regiment, and marched across Ireland to Dublin, joining the regiment at Port Aa Bella Barracks, and served two years and eight mouths. He was in different parts of Ireland ten months and then made a forced march to Oldham, England, to quell a riot there; thence to Liverpool, where heembarked for Gibraltar, a year later to Malta, then to Carfew, and from there back to Gibraltar, where his discharge and that of nineteen others was purchased, supposed to have been by the Spanish Government. He then be- came a member of Shaw's brigade for the Spanish array during the war between Don Carlos and the Queen; was commissioned Captain of the Light Company and com- manded that company in the different 380 BIOOBAPHIOAL REVIEW OF GASS, marches, battles, etc., incident to that war. He served a little more than seven years. When peace was declared Captain Heaton was honorably discharged and returned to Manchester. There he began business on his own account as a tin and copper smith, remaining thus occupied until 1850. That year he came to America, sailing from Liver- pool on the 27th of May and landing in Quebec after a voyage of seven weeks and three days. His father-in-law was at that time living four miles from Streetsville, On- tario. He joined him, and from there visited the Queen's Bush, a tract of timber land set aside for the soldiers. Not caring to have a farnj in the wilderness, he came to the United States. After residing in St. Louis a few weeks, he sought a home in Cass county, Illinois, taking up his abode seven miles from Virginia, where he entered a tract of Govern- ment land. He erected a log house and com- menced at once to improve his land. This was before the coming of the railroad and when Beardstown was the principal market for this section of the country. Deer and various kinds of wild game were plenty here. Captain Heaton improved fifty acres of land, and in 1854 sold it to John Fravey. He then moved to Beardstown in order to give his children the benefit of schools. He was employed by Horace Billings in his pork house for a time, and later was in the em- ploy of Mr. Crea and Henry Chatsey. While a resident of that place he was sent for from Brooklyn, New York, to superintend a pork-packing establishment there for a Mr. Arris. He remained in Brooklyn one season. In 1863 he went to Decatur, Illi- nois, and established a packing house for Mr. Plato. He subsequently purchased a farm of Major Arnold, in Monroe precinct, and re- sided on it till 1870. The following two years he lived in Beardstown. His next move was to Virginia. He bought property on Gospel Hill, built a house, and resided there till 1884. He then rented that place, and bought and moved to his present home. Captain Heaton was married at Bolton, Lancashire, England, November 2, 1840, to Mary J. Fullerton. She was born in the Tower of London, February 29, 1820, daugh- ter of Major James Fullerton, a native of England. When a young man, her father enlisted in the Seventh Battalion, and was commissioned Major. He was in command of the tower at the time of her birth. He served in the army about twenty-two years, after which he was retired on half pay. He then emigrated to Canada, and settled twenty miles from Toronto, Ontario, where he bought a farm and resided till his death. The maiden name of his wife was Martha Glen. She was born in England and died in Canada. To Captain Heaton and his wife eleven children have been born, viz.: Noble John, who was married by W. R. Whitehead to Flavila Yaple, December 24, 1873, and has three children, Charlie, Alford and Noble John; Catharine, who was married by R. G. H. Heimerling to Charles Caldwell, Decem- ber 12, 1860, and has seven children, Pat- rick, John, Emma, Jennie, who became the wife of James Mead, of Virginia; Lizzie, Katie and Edward; Edward, who lost his life in a railroad accident on the Central Pacific Railroad ; James, who was married in November, 1873, to Cora Seaman, has one child, Florence; Mary Jane, who was mar- ried by Benjamin Williams to W. B. Will- iams, August 7, 1871, and has two children, Eddie and Henry; William, who was mar- ried by John W. Shay to Hannah E. Sea- man, November 10, 1875, and has five chil- SOaUTLMM AND BROWN COUNTIES. 381 dren, Mary, John, Willard, George and Eva; Charles, who was married January 5, 1885, to Sadie Bohman; Susan, who was married by John W. Allen to Reuben Lan- caster, March 11, 1880, and has two chil- dren, Earl and Iva; Alice, who was married by John W. Allen to P^dward E. Savage, May 10, 1877, and has four children, Henry, Walter, Bessie and Zella; Martha, who was married by J. E. E.oach to Richard H. Payne, November 20, 1884, and has four children, Carey, Inis, Hazel and Irine; and Thomas, who is unmarried. They have twenty-nine grandchildren and three great- orandchildren. The Captain and his worthy companion are devout members of the Catholic Church. The sword which this veteran carried in Spain he has presented to his son, Noble John, who values it beyond price. Such is a brief record of one of Virginia's pioneers and highly respected citizens, WILLIAM L. DEMAREE is a native of Rushville township, having been born there June 7, 1858, and while a young man is a successful farn^er, ai^d one who enjoys the confidence and the respect of his friends and neighbors. His father, Lud- well H. Demaree, was born in Mercer county, Kentucky, and his gr£^ndfather spent the last years of his life in that State. Ludwell Demaree, after marrying in Kentucky, a lady by the name of Martha J. Yankee, of "Wash- ington county, that State, removed to Illi- nois in 1857, buying a farm in section 16, Rushville township, where he lived until his death, in 1872. He was one of the founders of the Methodist Episcopal Church South, in this county, and spared neither time nor 26 means for its advancement. His wife sur- vived him by sixteen years. Six of her eight children are living, viz.: Belle, married to Leonidas Scott; Laura, married to Alexander Acheson; William L. ; John H.; Nora, mar- ried to J. C. Harrison; and George L. William L. Demaree received his educa- tion in the schools of his native town. Ap- preciating the importance and value of a good education, besought to improve every oppor- tunity. He was but fourteen years of age when his father died, and he continued as be- fore to reside at the home place, only leaving it at the time of his marriage, in 1883. This event took place yery happily in that year, to Rebecca Hamilton, daughter of a worthy and esteemed couple, Johi} and Margaret Hamil- ton, and i\e then settled upon the farn^ where he r|Qw resides. In 1891, Mr. Demaree added to his possessions by buying another farm in section 22, Rushville township, so that he now owns 480 acres of land, all in the township named. He carries on general farming and stock raising. Mr. and Mrs. Demaree have two children, Dwight E, and William P. They are earnest members of the Methodist Episcopal Church South, Mr. Demaree being the builder of the McTyeire chapel in 1890. In politics, Mr. Demaree is a Democrat. IHRISTIAN KUHLMANN, one of the substantial farmers and highly respected citizens of Monroe precinct, Cass county, Illinois, was born in the kingdom of Eilstad, Germany, in April, 1827. His parents were natives of Hanover, and passed their lives there. When Christian was three years old his father died, leaving a wife and three children. 383 BIOGBAPHIOAL REVIEW OF GASS, Mr. Kuhlmann attended school until he was fourteen, when he began to earn his own living, working by the year on a farm . The first year he received only $3 and his board. In 1851 he came to America. Setting sail from Bremen in April in the sailing vessel Capanica, he landed at New York after a voyage of forty-two days. He there found employment in a sugar refinery at $26 per month, and thus earned the money to pay his way to the West. In 1852 he came to Illinois, coming via the Hudson river to Albany, Erie canal to Buffalo, the lakes to Cleveland, canal to Portsn^outh, and the Ohio and Mississippi rivers to St. Louis. He found employment on a farm in St. Louis county, and remained there till 1854. That year he came to Cass county and was employed at farm work by the month. He was very in- dustrious, saved his earnings, and in the course of time rented land and began farming on his own account. In 1864 he made his iirst purchase of land, 160 acres, located on section 26, township 18, range 11, There was a log cabin on the place, into which the family moved, and he at once began to make further improvements on the land, Prosper- ity attended his well-directed efforts, and as the years rolled by he added to his original purchase and erected suitable farm buildings. His home farm now contains 375 acres, and he also owns another farm, 437 acres, in the ame township. Besides these Mrs. Kuhl- mann has a farm of 120 acres. Mr. Kuhl- mann is indeed a self-made man. His life and achievements serve well to illustrate what a poor young man with ambition, good judgment and plenty of energy can accom- plish in this free land of ours. In 1855 Mr. Kuhlmann was married in Cass county, to Mary Middlebusher, also a native of Hanover. She came to America with her parents. Their union has resulted in the birth of two sons, George H. and John H. The younger resides with his parents. George H. is engaged in farming on his own account. He married Miss Kate A. Hem- iiighaus, a native of Morgan county, Illi- nois, daughter of German parents. They have three children: Christian, Adelia and Lydia. The Kuhlmann family are members of the Lutheran Church at Beardstown. EMETRIUS H. ALLEN, a prominent citizen of Versailles, was born in Adams county, this State, in 1855. His father, James, was born in New Jersey in 1819, and he came to this State when a young man, in 1888. His wife was Mary Holten, born May 2, 1825. She died in 1875, having borne her husband nine children, two of whom died in infancy; those who lived to maturity were: Mary C, wife of Jeremiah Stuart; William M., farmer of Missouri, has six children; John, residing with subject; D. H., subject; Amanda, wife of Stephen Smith; Stephen A. D., farm laborer of this township; George resides on the farm with his brother, has but one son. Our subject's father had but limited schooling, being obliged to work on the farm his father purchased, for many years. He enlisted in the Fiftieth Illinois Infantry, serving two years, when he was discharged on account of sickness, but was home only a few weeks when he re-enlisted in the cavalry service, serving in all some four years and a half, being mustered out at St. Louis at the close of the war. Although not very well educated, he was an able and zealous minister of the Baptist Church. SCHUYLER AND BBOWN OOUNTIES. 383 Our subject was one of the good sons one so seldom sees, remaining at iiome, assisting with the farm and caring for the little ones, and has never ceased to look after their welfare. He was married Jannary 3, 1878, to Miss Julia Hall, of the same place, daughter of Elijah and Susan (Cousin) Hall, Virginia farmers, who came to Illinois about 1830, being then very poor, but then they had 240 acres of good land and other valuable prop- erty. Five of their children are still living. Tiie father died when seventy years old, and the mother when she was eighty years old, in 1884. Mr. and Mrs. Allen have buried one son, Charles I., an infant, and one daughter. May Allen, born September, 1880. Mr. Allen is a Democrat, and has served as School Di- rector for something over one term. He is a Deacon in the Baptist Church. Mr. Allen carries on general farming on his wife's fifty-acre farm, raising wheat and corn, the former yielding abont sixteen bushels to the acre, the latter forty to fifty. Mr. and Mrs. Allen are highly respected young people of their township, and enjoy life on their beautiful farm, which is kept in beautiful order by the care of Mr. Al|en. f'HOMAS S. HOWELL, one of the old- est settlers no.w residing in Schuyler county, Illinois, was born in Guilford county, JSTorth Carolina, February 16, 1825. His grandfather, John Howell, was a native of Wales, and but little of his history is known; hp was a farmer by occupation, and emigrated to America, spending his last days in Guilford county, JSTorth Carolina. His SQn, John Howell, Jr., the father of Thomas S., was born and reared in North Carolina, and there learned the cabinet-maker's trade, which he followed until 1829; then, accom- panied by his wife and five children, he un- dertook the overland trip to Illinois, and after eight weeks of travel he arrived in Schuyler county. It had not been long since the first settlers penetrated these wilds, and there were consequently few improvements. Indians still lingered about, and wild game was plentiful. Mr. Howell bought a tract of tiuiber land in Woodstock township, and erected a cabin that was the pride of the community, from the factth^t it had a shingle roof; the floor was made of puncheons, and the door of heavy o.ak boards hung on wooden hinges. There were no railroads, and no steamers plying the Illinois river. Mr. How- ell followed his trade in connection with his agricultural pursuits, and lived here until his death, August 10, 1833. His wife's maiden name was Sally Manlove, a native of Guilford county. North Carolina, and a daughter of William Manlove; after her husband's death she was married a second time, to Stephen Frasier; her death occurred May 1, 1843. She was the mother of seven children: Aman- da, Uscar C, William M., Thomas S., Jona- than M., John H. and Jacob. Thomas S. Howell was a child of four years when his parents came to Illinois, but well remembers many of the incidents and experiences peculiar to pioneer life. His fa- ther kept sheep and raised flax, and from the wool and flax the mother spun, carded and wove the cloth from which the family ward- robe wa.s supplied. He remained with his mother during her lifetime. The first ven- ture he made in business was threshing 100 bushels of wheat, the agreement being that he was to receive therefor one-tenth of the wheat; he worked three days to pay for three 884 BIOOBAPHIOAL REVIEW OF CASS, barrels in which to ship the wheat to St. Louis, tlie whole transaction netting him $3. With this capital he was married, and settled on the home farm; he had inherited twenty- five acres, and he rented the balance of the other heirs, and there began his career as a farmer. In due time he was enabled to pur- chase this tract. In March, 1865, he enlisted in Company D, One Hundred and Fifteenth Illinois "Vol- unteer Infantry, and in June, of that year, was transferred to the Twenty-first Illinois, serving until December 16, of the same year; he was honorably discharged at San Antonio, Texas. He resided on the home- stead in Woodstock township until 1875, when he sold this place and purchased the Newbury farm, which consists of 220 acres on section 28, Bainbridge township. Mr. Howell was married May 14, 1843, to Sarah C. JSTewbury, who was born in Wash- ington county, Ohio, a daughter of Joseph and Margaret Newbury, natives of New York and Virginia respectively, and pioneers of Washington county, Ohio, and Schuyler county, Illinois. Mr. and Mrs. Howell have eight children living: John E., Austin D., Oscar C, Hattie A., William, Loraiu C, Dora and T. Edgar. Our subject is a stanch supporter of the principles of the Kepublican party, and is a man who has the respect and confidence of all who know him. ll^lHILLIAM LUCAS, a farmer of Lee 11 township, was born in Mount Ster- n ling, June 17, 1837. His father, Daniel, was born in Eutler county, Ohio, March 21, 1810, and his father was a native of Virginia, of English ancestry. He was a lad of sixteen when the Revolutionary war was declared, and served six years in it. Soon after he emigrated to Kentucky, apd was one of the first settlers of that State, and from there went on to Butler county, Ohio, and settled there as a pioneer in 1796 and re- sided in that county until his death in 1836. His son, Daniel Robins, was the youngest of a large family, was reared to agricultural pursuits, but obtained a good education for those days and by teaching earned enough to educate himself in medicine. He removed from Ohio to Crawfordsville, Indiana, and from there to Brown county, Illinois, in 1836, and was one of the pioneers. He practiced medicine through Brown and Adams counties until his death, January 26, 1884. In 1843 he settled in Lee township, where be bought land and in addition to his practice superintended his farm. He married Sarah Aim Keith, of Kentucky, who died March 22, 1890, aged seventy-two years. They had twelve children: William, Newton, Martha Ann, Mary Elizabeth, Dr. George Washing- ton, John Harding, Ethan Allen, Helen, Daniel Webster, Benjamin Franklin and James Edward. Nine are living and three died young. William remained on the farm until he was thirty-one years of age. He and his brother went to Texas for a herd of cattle in 1866. They bought 600 head at $20 a head. They drove them through to Illinois, crossed the Red river, April 22, and reached Quincy, September 20. The adventure proved a financial disaster. From 1872 to 1876 he and his brother, Newton, were at Memphis, Missouri, in the grain and hay business. In this he was successful, and now owns 632 acres of land, and is a stock farmer, growing the ordinary crops of this section. He keeps from fifty to a hundred head of cattle, and SCEUYLEB AND BROWN COUNTIES. 38) owns some of the pure-blood registered stock. He often raises as many as 250 hogs. He was first married January 2, 1866, to Margaret Miller, who died July 7, 1866, of quick consumption in consequence of an ex- posure while swimming a stream on horse- back. He was again married in 1884, to A. E. Lierly, daughter of William R. Lierly, minister of the Dunkard Church. They have one daughter: Sarah Ann, born Feb- ruary 17, 1890. fOHN H. GOODELL, formerly a pros- perous farmer of Cass county, Illinois, now an enterprising lumber merchant of Chandlerville, was born in Windham county, Connecticut, April 15, 1832. The GoodeUs were of French ancestry, who settled in Connecticut in an early day. The paternal grandmother of the subject of this sketch was a descendant of the Hoi brook family, who were also old and respected residents of the ISTutmeg State; while his paternal grandfather was a captain in the Revolutionary war, in which he distinguished himself for bravery and efficiency. The par- ents of our subject were Horace and Lucy (Rickard) Goodell, both natives of Connecti- cut, of which State his mother's ancestors were also early settlers. The father of our subject was reared on a farm in Windham county, the same State, where he and his wife continued to reside until 1837. He then sold out, and with his wife and three children removed to Illinois, making the journey by land and water. Arriving on the frontier he rented land for a number of years, which he farmed, finally buying forty acres of wild land, to which he subsequently added, until it now contains eighty acres. On this he erected a substantial farm house, where he continued to reside until his death in May, 1886, at the age of eighty-four years. His wife also died in the year 1868, on the home- stead, aged fifty-nine years. This worthy couple werei the parents of seven children, all sons, two of whom now survive, the subject of this sketch and a brother, Charles C. Goodell, the latter now residing on the old homestead. John H. Goodell lived at home until he was twenty years of age, working on the farm until he was eighteen, and attended the dis- trict school of that vicinity. When eighteen he learned the carpenter's trade, at which he commenced to work at twenty, continuing in that vocation for ten years. At this time war was declared and Mr. Goodell enlisted in August, 1862, in Com- pany A, One Hundred and Fourteenth Illi- nois, under Captain Johnson, and served until the close of the war, being a part of the time on detached duty. He was in the hos- pital in Memphis for two months in 1864. He was mustered out of the army in Yicks- burg, Mississippi, at the close of the war, and received his discharge in Springfield, Illinois. He then returned to Jacksonville, Illinois, where he worked at his trade for about two years, after which he came to Chandlerville, and bought the farm on which he now lives. He and his wife together now own 235 acres, which is devoted to mixed farming. In 1876, Mr. Goodell started a lumber-yard in Chand- lerville, 'which he has continued to operate successfully ever since, having, by upright dealing and uniform courtesy, built up a large trade in the town and surrounding country. Mr. Goodell was first married February 27, 1853, to Miss Helen E. Cotton, an intelligent lady, and a native of Franklin county, New York. She was a daughter of Gideon 0. and BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OF CASS, Miss (Sperry) Cotton, natives of New Eng- land, who removed to New York State, where they died. Mr. Goodell's marriage was des- tined to be of short duration, as ten years later, July 4, 1863, his wife expired at their home in Chandlerville, leaving many sorrowing friends. On December 28, 1865, Mr. Goodell was married to his present wife. Miss Harriet A. Sewall, an estimable lady who was born April 14, 1838, in the county were she now resides. Her father was born in Augusta, Maine, and was a son of General Henry Sewall, a Major in, the Revolutionary war, who was afterward made a Major-General of the Eighth Division of the State militia. He died in his native State, at the advanced age ofjninety-four years. His brother, Jotham Sewall, was a prominent ^''home missionary of Maine, and died in that State at the age of ninety-one years. All the family lived to a great age, and many of the name were prominent ministers of the gospel. On account of his father's promi- nence and services to the country, his son, father of Mrs. Goodell, obtained a lucrative position in Washington, but on his way thither he was shipwrecked on Long Island sound in extreme cold weather, and, on seeing a woman on board suffering for want of more 'clothes, took off his coat and gave it to her to save her life. Then, to keep from freezing and the ship from sinking, he had to work the ship pump so long that he froze his hands and was rendered unable to write and fill the office. Then after a long illness he went, at the age of twenty-one, to Virginia, where he taught school, having received a liberal education for boys in those days. It was while thus engaged that he met and married his wife in Virginia, which was then a part of Maryland..^ His wife was a native of Nanjamoy, Mary- land, and was a daughter of Samuel and Catharine ToUiver (Hoe) Middleton. The Middletons were of English ancestry, and early settlers of America. Both families were prominent in business and social affairs of the State, and many of their relatives were accomplished literary men, while others were distinguished in the law and other profes- sions. Some of the descendants took an act- ive and prominent part in the Confederate army. Soon after his marriage, about 1829, Mr. Sewall removed to Illinois, then a new and sparsely settled country. They settled in Jacksonville, where Mr. Sewall taught school and entered 640 acres of land in Cass county. He taught school for about two or three years, when he moved on his farm, where he continued to reside until his death. He was a very devout man and did much good in this new country. He was an active worker in Sunday-school and church matters, acting for years as superintendent of the former as long as he lived, and was instru- mental in building the first church in the community, of which he was the first Elder. He did more to build up both of these insti- tutions in the early day than any other man in the community. Storms or cold weather never deterred him from his duty. To make sure of prompt attendance he would take his kindling wood with him, and his wife her broom, and ride three miles to the village church, then used as a schoolhonse; and while he made the fire she would sweep and clean up the house before the people of the village had started out. He and his worthy wife had six children, three of whom are now living. He was uni- versally beloved and respected, and was greatly lamented when he died on his farm, in 1846, aged about forty-nine years. His devoted wife survived him many years, dying at our subject's home at the advanced age of eighty 80HUYLEB AND BROWN COUNVIES. 387 What has been said of her husband would apply equally to her, both having led in all good and charitable works, and was al- ways noted for bravery and presence of mind. Mr. and Mrs. Goodell have six children; Lucy, born May 28, 1868; Lida, born Febru- ary 2, 1871; William S., born September 16, 1872; John, born March 1, 1875; Andrew J., born March 11, 1877 ; and Susie, born Febru- ary 27, 1880. Mr. Goodell now belongs to the Prohibition party in politics, previous to which he was a Democrat, with the exception of the years 1856 and 1860, when he voted the Republi- can ticket. He is a member of the Good Templar's Lodge, No. 357. For thirty-live years he has been a Deacon in the church, and he is active in Sunday-school work, having taught the largest Bible class of the older scholars in the Sabbath-school for over thirty years. His worthy wife aids him in all good work. She belongs to the Women's Chris- tian Temperance Union and other ladies' societies, and the whole family are church attendants. They are, in fact, of that class of which it was said they " are the saltof the earth," adding savor to the works of the world. ^ El* fOHN C. FLINN, a prominent farmer and successful stock-raiser of township 17, range 9, section 24, near Ashland, Illinois, was born in Morgan county, this State, August 28, 1842. His parents were Koyal and Lovicia (Hall) Flinn, bis paternal grandfather having come from Ireland. His father was a native of J^orth Carolina^ and when twelve years of age went to Kentucky, from which State he came to Morgan county, Illinois, about 1828. Here he purchased land, which he industriously improved. making it a valuable farm, on which he lived a number of years. He was a soldier in the Black Hawk war, and also in the Mexican war, serving efficiently in both. He died at Prentiss, Morgan county, Illinois, January 27, 1892, in his ninetieth year, his having been a remarkably active career, of unusual longevity. The devoted wife and mother still survives at the old homestead, where she is a helpless invalid from rheuma- tism, being th6 recipient of the most solicit- ous care of her children and the deepest re- gard of a host of tViends. This worthy couple were the parents of six sons and four daugh- ters, four of the former now deceased. Those surviving are: Francis M., now living in Prentiss, Morgan county, this State; Thomas, a resident of Waverly, in the same county; and the four sisters, three of whom live in Morgan County, aild one in Macoupin county, Illinois, all being married and having fami- lies. Two sons by a former marriage of the father still Survive, one son having died. The subject of this sketch attended the subscription schools of Morgan county, and was reared to farm life. At the age of six- teen years he went to southwestern Missouri, where he followed agricultural pursuits, re- turning to Morgan county in 1862. It was while in Missouri in the early part of the war that he was importuned to unite his for- tunes with the Southern cause, but declined to do 80^ and returned to the North to avoid conscription. Since then he has continued farming pursuits in Morgan and Cass coun- ties, having resided on his present place for nine years. This farm contains 170 acres of choice land, which is principally devoted to grain, besides which some very tine stock is raised. By good management and energy this farm has been very profitable, and he has accumulated a handsome competence. 3i:8 BIOQBAPHIOAL REVIEW OF OASS, Mr. Flinn was married in southwestern Missouri, to Miss Hannah Willis, an intelli- gent lady, and a native of Kentucky, in which State her parents were also born, who emigrated to Missouri when their daughter was a child. To this union have been born ten children, three sons and seven daughters: Ophelia, the oldest, married J. J. Higginson, a prominent merchant of Fhiladelphia, Illi- nois; Annie is the wife of L. F. Fisher, a farmer, near Jacksonville, this State; Luella and Alice are teachers in the public schools of this county; Jennie, Oscar, Frank, Leila and Stella (twins), and Earle. The twin daughters, now budding into beautiful womanhood, are so near alike that it puzzles their acquaintances to distinguish them. All except those who are married are under the parental roof, and each and every one of them is intelligent and progressive, being alto- gether a most interesting family, whom it is a pleasure to meet. All of the young people are interested in educational work. Tiie son, Frank, has in view a course in the Gem City Commercial College for the coming winter, while the young ladies who are not already teachers are fitting themselves to become such. Numerous good books and periodicals are taken and read with avidity, and fully appreciated by their keen intellects. What- ever disappointments may be in store for Mr. Flinn in agricultural pursuits and pecu- niary matters, will be amply compensated for by the charming family with which he is surrounded. Mr. Flinn is Democratic in his political affiliations and takes a deep interest in all public affairs of importance. Mrs. Flinn and five of the daughters are members of the Christian Church, to which they render much assistance. Whatever gifts Dame Fortune has be- stowed upon Mr. Flinn have not been volun- tarily given, but have been wrested from her by perseverance and honest toil, and he richly deserves his present prosperity and happiness. EOEGE WAGNER, a successful farmer, was born in Hesse-Cassel, in 1825. He had lost his mother when a child, and was brought up by his grandfather. His father came to this country in 1844, but George would not come along, as he did not like his stepmother. In 1848 he was drafted into the army, and after serving two years he came to the United States, but had helped fight five hard battles. He did not like such a dangerous life, and came away, as did many others at that period. His father, after coming to America, en- gaged as a piano- maker in New York, in which business he had made much mouey in Germany. George never joined his father in this country, but came on West to try his fortune in Cass county. He was married in this county in a short time, to Mary Deer, a German lady, who died in 1862, leaving five children. Mr. Wagner was a second time married, to Cath- erine Dietrich, born in Hesse-Cassel, who came to America in her youth. She has been a most devoted wife, and the mother of six children, three of whom are married and three of whom are yet at home. Mr. Wagner has lived in the county since 1850. He first purchased land at 25 cents an acre, and sold it after some improvement, and purchased his present home. He now owns in section 4, township 17, range 11, 100 acres of improved land, and has good 8CHU7LBB, AND BROWN O0UNTIE8. 389 farm buildings. 3e lias forty acres of tim- ber land on section 3, township 17, range 11. He purchased the home in 1868, and settled on it in 1870. He was Koad Supervisor three terms. Mr. and Mrs. "Wagner are good and well- known people in the county. He is a Kepnblican, and both are upright, honest people. fOW p. COLT, a leading member of commercial circles in Schuyler county, has resided here since 1843, and is en- titled to the following space in this history of the pioneers of the State and county. He was born in Erie county, Pennsylvania, Feb- ruary 2, 1828, a son of Alexander and Lucy (Childs) Colt, natives of Pennsylvania and Massachusetts respectively. The maternal grandfather, Alexander Colt, Sr., emigrated to America from Ireland, accompanied by his wife and children ; one brother, Judas Colt, also came to this country and settled in New York State. Alexander Colt, Jr., was the youngest of a large family; he grew to ma- turity in Erie county, and was married there. Jn 1843 he removed to Illinois, and settled on a farm near Rushville, Schuyler county, where he and his wife passed the remainder of their days. They reared a family of fif- teen children, thirteen of whom lived to ma- ture years. Dow P. Colt was the second born, and is the oldest of the family now liv- ing. When he first came to this State, he was employed in a tannery, and also assisted his father on the farm. At the age of nine- teen years he learned the broom-maker's trade, which he followed fourteen years. Having accumulated some means, he embarked in the grocery trade and carried on a thriving busi- ness until 1870. During the next five years he sold musical instruments, and from 1875 to 1889 he was engaged in the lumber trade. In the latter year he again took up the gro- cery business, which he has since continued without interruption. Mr. Colt was united in marriage, June 2, 1853, to Miss Ellen Kuhn, a daughter of John and Harriet (White) Kuhn ; she was born in Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania. To them have been born four children: Alice P., wife of George Bissel, Lucy E., Anna B., wife of James Montieth, and William W. In his political convictions Mr. Colt is allied with the Republican party; he has held the oflice^of member of the village Board, but has not been an office seeker. He was reared amidst Democratic influ- ences, bnt after the war his father and brothers became Republicans. During the great civil conflict five of his brothers fought for the nation's flag, the youngest being but fifteen years of age: he enlisted, but was re- jected on account of defective vision and hearing. He is not a member of any civic or religious societies at the present time, al- though for many years he was connected with the I. O. O. F. fACOB ZIMMERMA.N, born in section 26, Pike county, Illinois, son of George Zimmerman (see his sketch in this book), remained at home until he enlisted, Au- gust 10, 1862, in Company B, Ninety-ninth Illinois Infantry, Captain Mathews, com- manding officer. He remained in service un- til the close of the war, when he was mustered out at Baton Rouge and discharged at Spring- field, Illinois. He was with the company i n 390 BIOaBAPHIOAL REVIEW OF GA3S, all their engagements, notwithstanding he was in the hospital for a short time. He was married in 1864, to Mary L. Win- ters, born in 1849. After his marriage he resided in Elkhorn, in the first frame house built in that place. He later built his present house, in which the family have lived for ten years. He first owned 157 acres, but has now about 146 acres in this county. Mr. Zimmerman and wife have been mem- bers of the Methodist Episcopal Church for a number of years. He is a member of the People's party, and was a member of the Greenback party some years ago. He is no ofiice seeker, and has had but little time to attend to the local politics. Mr. and Mrs. Zimmerman have had the following children: Frank O., married, was born in 1868; Edwin, born in 1871; Minnie P., born in 1873; Mark T., born in 1877; and Jessie W., born in 1884. Minnie P. and Frank O. attended Chadock College at Quincy, Illinois, for a term of six months. Edwin R. is an artist. The children are all temperate, having never tasted any intoxi- cating drink in their lives, have never used any profane language, and are strictly honest. Mr. and Mrs. Zimmerman are good, reli- able citizens, and are highly respected by their host of friends. -f. ^ |ICHARD MILNER an old settler of ^ Beardstown, was born near Preston, Lancashire, England, thirty miles from Liverpool. He learned the trade of wagonmaker and when young he came to the United States. He was the only one of the family that came to the United States. His parents lived and died in Lancashire, En- gland, the mother when Richard was six years old, the father, Thomas, a life-long farmer, when he was eighty-four years old. He and his wife were ardent Congregationalists. Richard was the eldest of a large family of brothers and half brothers, and left home for Canada in 1842, but he staid there only fif- teen months and then came to Jacksonville, Illinois, and followed his trade. At Beards- town he was married to Hannah Wood, of Oldham, Yorkshire, England. She came to the United States in 1844, when young, with her father, John Wood. He died at Beards- town, Cass county, at the house of his daugh- ter, Mrs. Milner, aged eighty-six. Mr. Milner came to Beardstown in 1849, and began here as a wagonmaker and black- smith for some years. He formed a partner- ship with Amasa Hill, and afterward with John Rose, soon after the Chicago, Burling- ton & Quincy Railroad began to build a line, and he became one of the bridge building force, and he continued building them for seven years, until the bridge for the Q. road was built at Beardstown, when he was made bridge-tender, some twenty years ago. He has retained the position ever since. Later he was made the Government river ganger of of the river at Beardstown, and also was ap- pointed to make observations on the weather and rainfall each day. This position also he has held since its establishment in Beards- town, in 1885. Mr. and Mrs. Milner had nine children, five of whom still live: Rebecca, wife of Samuel Wroe, of Nodaway county, Missouri, a farmer and cattle dealer; Thomas W., a railroad station master of Denison (now Leavenworth), Kansas; Nannie died one and one-half years after marriage, without issue, at the age of eighteen years ;Mary is at home, although she was a school teacher for some time; Rosa, wife of Henry Baujan (see biog- aOEUYLER AND BROWN GOUNTIES. 391 raphy); Maggie is single and at home; Mrs. Milner is a respected member of the Method- ist Church and is esteemed by all who know her. Mrs. Milner is the youngest of a large family, nearly all of whom are dead. tOBERT ATEN was born in West Vir- ginia in 1818, in what was then Brooke county of the old Dominion, a son of William and Jane (Anderson) Aten; his mother died in 1834, leaving a family of seven children. William Aten was a pros- perous farmer, and was noted throughout the country for the excellent grade ot horses he kept. He was married a second time to Catherine Wycoff, who bore him four chil- dren. He died in 1866, leaving an estate of fair value. Five of the children are still liv ing: Robert, the subject of this biographica- sketch; William, a resident of Fulton county ;l Mary, wife of. William K. McClurg; Nancy Lester, a widow residing in McDonough county, niinois; and Martha Beale, a widow in West Virginia; Aaron H., died in Mc- Donough county, Illinois, at the age of eighty -two years; John C, died in Fulton county; Richard died in the same county; he was a pioneer of Illinois, coming in 1840, ac- companied by Richard Aten. The latter re- turned to Virginia in 1842, and was back and forth until 1854, when he settled here per- manently. He was married in 1850 to Sarah Beale, a daughter of Benjamin Beal and a member of the prominent families of Virginia; she died one year later, to a day, leaving a daughter who died in infancy. Mr. Aten was married again in 1852 to Mary Jane Allison, who be- longed to a well-known family. Of this union were born nine children, all of whom are living: Nancy L., now Mrs. Morris; Henry 0., W. A. F., Robert Burns, Sarah, wife of Thomas Ashwood; James Grant, Daniel Webster, Flora Ann and John Q. Mr. Aten's first purchase of land was eighty acres, for which he paid |600, he soon added another tract for which he paid $1,100, and at one time owned 700 acres; he has dis- posed of all but 400 acres. He carried on a general agricultural business. He makes a specialty of raising live-stock, and ships from two to three car-loads of hogs and as many cattle during the year. He began life with a small capital, but this was strongly sup- plemented with will and determination to succeed, and has arisen to a position of finan- cial independence. Politically he has af- filiated with the Whigs and then the Repub- licans. He and his wife are members of the Presbyterian Church, and give liberal support to the cause of Cliristianity. They have lived a useful life, and have borne their share of the burden assumed by the pioneers in their undertaking to redeem the wild prairie and bring it to a high state of cultivation, making of Illinois one of the leading agricultural States of the Union. ETH C. CRAMPTON, of section 9, Browning township, was born on the farm on which he now lives, January 28, 1864, His father was born in Hartford, Connecticut, in 1797, came to Illinois in 1820, settled on the old homestead about' 1835, went to California in 1844, and en- gaged in mining for two years, being reason- ably successful. He returned from California in 1846 and resumed farming in Browning township. He was married the third time in 1858, to Mrs. Elizabeth Mitchell, whose 392 BIOGBAPHIOAL BE VIM W OP CABS, maiden name was Davis. The father died when Seth was but eight years o.ld. He at- tended the public schools of that district, and at the age of twenty-one entered a telegraph office at Baders, where he learned the busi- ness and became a practical operator. He continued at this business at various points on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy rail- road for five years, when failing health com- pelled him to make a change. He came back to the home farm, put in a crop, continued businsss in the telegraph office, but with the opening of the spring of 1892 he became a full-fledged farmer. He was married July 7, 1886, in Kushville, to Miss Mary E. Frome, born in this town- ship, October 8, 1863. Her parents were Abram and Nancy Frome; the former died suddenly of heart disease, and the mother married John Ebbert, and lives on an adjoin- ing farm. They have two living children, Meade Horace and Orpha Dot. Mr. Cramp- ton is a Democrat. He belongs to the Brush- ington Valley Kelief Association, a beneficial ordei'. The Crampton family were among the very early settlers of Browning township, coming here when the country was a wilder- ness. p^ijl|ILLIAM H. LEE was born on a farm m adjoining his present home, August, 1850. His father, William Lee was born in the State of North Carolina, October 9, 1816. In 1827 the family moved to Tennessee and the next year came to Mor- gan county, Illinois, where they lived until 1830, when they came to Brown county and entered Govenmeiit land on which William Lee, Sr., lived until he died. He was about fifteen years old when they settled on the farm and died here, January 26, 1884, after a painful and lingering illness. During his fifty years in this county he had been a most useful and influential citizen, filling places of trust and honor with fairness and discretion to all the fellow townsmen. He was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church and his life was filled with deeds that testified that he practiced as well as preached. He was greatly missed by all who knew him, espe- cially his wife and children. His remains were interred on the farm where he had lived and worked for so long. His wife was Mary A. Thomas of Switzerland county, Indiana. She is the daughter of George and Elizabeth (Jackson) Thomas, the former from Ohio and the latter from Maryland. They were mar- ried in Ohio and removed to Indiana, where their daughter was born. In 1830 they re- moved to Scott county, Illinois. They and their nine children made the journey with teams, and after their arrival in Scott county another child was born to them. Five years later they came to what is now Pea Ridge, in Brown County. The marriage license was the first issued in Brown county. The mother of Mrs. Lee died at their farm home at the age of forty- nine years and left her husband and ten liv- ing children. He was again married, and died at the age of sixty-five years, in Iowa. Mrs. Lee, Sr., began married life on eighty acres, their first purchase, near the present home of their son. To this they added 105 acres, making 185 in all. They had five chil- dren, one of whom died. William Lee, our subject, was reared to farm life and has followed the same life ever since. He was fairly educated for the times. Mr. William Lee has been carrying on farming and stock-raising, giving special at- 8GHVTLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 893 tention to the breeding of some fine road stock of horses. He has some fine yonng stock and fillies, four good mares and has re- cently bought a fine young stallion of the Wilkes stock. This is a very promising two- year-old and he hopes to stock his farm with good roadsters. He keeps about 100 sheep of the Shropshire and Merino graded stock and turns oflf twenty or thirty porkers a year. Mr. Lee had some experience in his youth in merchandising in his father's employ at Mount Sterling, and later as a clerk at the same place, but his health failing he turned his hand to what he was fitted by nature to do and has made a success of it, although he has the natural ability to fill any commercial position in any city. He was married in Mt. Sterling, December, 1877, to Miss Jennie Hanna, daughter of F. M. and Sarah (Hobbs) Hanna, residents of Mt. Sterling. They began life on the farm on which they now reside of 150 acres. They have buried one little son, Frank, and have now four children: Mary, in her thirteenth year, a bright child with musical talent which is being cultivated ; George A., a bright child of ten; Freddie, five, and William, a Christ- mas gift of the year 1889. Both Mr. Lee and his wife are highly esteemed by all who know them and they are very influential among their large circle of friends. es- flLLIAM W. WARD, a highly teemed and prosperous retired farmer of township 17 north, range 9 west, near Philadelphia, Illinois, was born in Scott county, Kentucky, June 26, 1822. He was the younger of two children born to William A. and Nancy (Wirt) Ward, the other being llis sister Ojitharine, now Mrs. Hancock, who resides in her native county, in Kentucky. The families on both maternal and paternal sides were Southerners for many generations back. Mr. Ward's father was a native of Kentucky, while his mother was a Yirgiuian by birth, and they were married in Scott county, Kentucky, about 1819. The mother died in Kentucky a number of years ago, while the father expired in Arcadia, Illinois. The subject of this sketch came to Cass county, Illinois, in 1844, but afterward re- turned to his home in Kentucky, whence he returned to Illinois permanently in 1848, locating on a farm, where he lived until twenty-five years ago, when he removed to his present location. The last farm comprises 177-^ acres, most of which is under a iiigh state of cultivation, and all of it tillable land. He has, besides this, considerable valuable personal property, and owns an at- tractive residence in Virginia, this State. He has gained all this by honest and toilsome efforts, and is highly deserving of his good fortune. In 1851, he was married to Miss Sarah M. Turner, an estimable lady, who was born in Cass county, Illinois, in 1834. She is a daughter of Edward W. Turner, a native of Kentucky, and an honored pioneer of Cass county. To this union eight children have been born, four of whom are now living. America E., the eldest, now Mrs. Long, resides in Vir- ginia, and has had four children, two of whom are deceased; Edward Williams is married; Alice Catharine, born September 22, 1858, married James Whalan, and resides with her father on the old homestead. Mr. Whalan was born in Keokuk, Iowa, November 15, 1855, and was married in Jacksonville, Illi- nois, in 1874. Mr. and Mrs. Whalan have two children: Mary Margaret, born in Cass 391 BIOGRAPHIOAL BE VIEW OF OASS, county, June 5, 1875, an intelligent and amiable young lady, who holds a diploma of graduation, which she received from the pub- lic school in this district; James Edward, born April 22, 1877, is at home, as is also Miss Margaret. Mr. Ward has another daughter, Emma Josephine, who married Joseph Tread way, who was born in Harford county, Maryland, December 29, 1851, and is a prosperous farmer and lives in Sugar Grove, Cass county, Illinois. They have eight children, the eldest of whom is four- teen years old at this writing. Those of Mr. Ward's children now departed this life, are Louisa Jane, who married Henry DeGroot, and who died at Mr. Ward's house February 7, 1891, leaving one child; three of his children died in infancy, unnamed. February 13, 1876, the family were called upon to mourn the loss of the devoted wife and mother, who was beloved by everyone on account of her fer- vent Christian character. She and the chil- dren deceased were at first interred in the pri- vate cemetery on the farm, bat the remains have since been removed to the cemetery in Ashland, Illinois. Since her mother's death, Mrs. Whalan has kept house for Mr. Ward, both before and since her marriage, thus greatly alleviating the force of this crushing affliction. Politically, Mr. Ward affiliates with the Democratic party, to which he has belonged for many years. Socially, he is an ardent advocate of the temperance cause, and has been for many years an active member of the I. O. G. T. Mr. Ward is an earnest and use- ful member of the Baptist Church, as was also his wife. Mrs. Whalan and her daughter, Margaret, belong to the Methodist Episcopal Church. It is seldom that we have to chronicle a more blameless life than that just written. Intelligent and well informed, yet modest and retiring; energetic and progressive, yet mindful of the rights of others; industrious, persevering and highly moral, we have a combination which insures true success in life, which many others would do well to copy, and verify in their daily life work. R. D. W. OWENS was born in Lewis county, Kentucky, August 16, 1845. His father, Lewis, was born in the same county, and his father, Aaron, was born in Fauquier county, Virginia, and removed from there to Kentucky when a young man. He settled in Lewis county, bought land, raised a family and spent the rest of his days there. The maiden name of his wife was Dorotha Hathaway. Lewis was reared on a farm, where he learned the trade of black- smith which he continued in connection with his farming. He removed from Ken- tucky to Kansas in 1877, and settled in La- bette county, dying there in 1881. His wife, Nancy Owens, was born in Mason county, Kentucky. Her father was born in Fau- quier county, Virginia, and moved from there to Mason county, Kentucky. She re- moved with her husband to Lewis county, where she died in 1869. She reared eight children, of whom Dr. Owens was the seventh. He was raised in his native county, received his early education in the log schoolhouse, assisting his father on the farm until 1864. He enlisted in March of that year in Company K, Sixteenth Ken- tucky Federal Infantry, and joined the regi- ment at Louisville. He was with Sherman in the Atlanta campaign and participated in some of the battles en route to the seizure of that city. After that he was with Thomas SCHUYLER AND BROWN C0UNT1B8. 395 in pursuit of Hood and fought in the battles of Columbia, Franklin and Nashville. In January, 1865, he took passage on a steamer bound for Cincinnati, and from thence to Washington, District of Columbia, from there to Alexandria, and on to Fort Fisher, North Carolina, and thence to Wilmington. The regiment participated in the capture of Fort Anderson, Town Creek and "Wilmington, and then was marched to Groldsboro, where Sherman's men soon joined them. After much marching and counter marching they were placed on garrison duty near Greens- boro, and there remained until July, 1865, when they were mnstered out of service, and discharged at Louisville, Kentucky, and Mr. Owens returned home in August. He commenced the study of medicine in 1863. After his return he continued it and also resumed farming, and in 1878 he grad- uated from the College of Physicians and Surgeons at Keokuk, Iowa, and commenced practice at Hersman, Illinois, where he has been in practice ever since, He united with the Regular Primitive Baptist Church in 1870, and was licensed to preach and was or- dained to the ministry at Kock Creek Church, Hancock connty, Illinois, in June, 1873. and that was his first pastorate. He remained there until 1878 when he came to Hersman and was associated with Elder James Harper in the pastorate at Mt. GiJead Church, and when the elder died he suc- ceeded him, and in addition to this has sup- plied the congregation at Camp Creek Church for the past eight years. He married, in 1867, Nanna M. Boggs, daughter of Joseph and Eachel (Means) Boggs, of Lewis county, Kentucky. He is a member of the Alumni Association of the Col- lege of Physicians and Surgeons, of Keokuk, Iowa, and is at this time its first vice- president. He is also a member of the Board of Examining Surgeons of Mt. Sterling, Illi- nois. He is a very successful physician and a useful citizen. His influence for good is felt in the community. ^. -m^ ^ in|EWIS E. KROHE, an intelligent and njl enterprising citizen of Bainbridge town- ^^ ship, Schuyler county, Illinois, was born in Cass county on May 18, 1887, and re- moved to Schuyler county March 18, 1859, and has lived here ever since. His father, August Krohe, was a native of Saxony, Ger- many, and was a son of Frederick Christian Krohe, also a native of Saxony, and a weaver by trade. His father followed the weaver trade in his native country until 1833, when he emigrated to America, making the voyage across the ocean in seven weeks, and landing at New Orleans, Louisiana. From there he came direct to Beardstown, Illinois, being a week coming from St. Loui^to the former place, a distance made now in two hours. There were at that time but two houses in Beardstown, and the surrounding country was sparsely settled and deer and wild turkey, quail, prairie chicken, and other game abounded in profusion. He bought a tract of land near Virginia, which was mostly covered with timber, the rest being wild prairie land. There was a log cabin on the land when he bought it, and in this he took up his abode, beginning the life of a pioneer. He soon met and married Christiana Jockish, daughter of Gotlieb Jockish. She was a na- tive of Saxony, where she was born, and came to America with her father. After his marriage, August Krohe went to live on his farm, but afterward bought land near Bluff Springs, where he resided many years, until 396 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OF OASS, he finally returned to his old home on the farm, where he now lives. They had seven children: August, Lewis, Mena, Louisa, Henry, Julia and Amelia. In April, 1889, the faithful wife and fond mother died, leav- ing many friends to mourn her loss. She was a woman of intelligence and generous impulses, and highly esteemed by all who knew her. Our subject was reared and educated in his native county, that of Cass, and resided with his parents until the time of his mar- riage, which occurred on March 13, 1859, to Marie Sophia Korte. She was a native of Hes- se-Cassel, Germany, in which place she was born November 14, 1841, her parents being John Conrad and Christiana (Myer) Korte. Her father was also born in Hesse- Cassel, Germany, where he was reared and after- ward married. He followed the trade of blacksmithing in his native land until 1857, when with his wife and three children he sailed from Bremen, Germany, for America, landing in Baltimore, Maryland, in August, after a voyage of fifty-eight days. From there he came directly to Illinois, spending a few months in Cass county, and moving thence to Schnyler county, where he worked at his trade, in Bainbridge, until his death, where his wife also died. They reared three children: Henry, Mrs. Krohe and George. After his marriage, the subject of our sketch rented some land in Schuyler county, which he farmed for five years. He then made his first purchase of land, since when he has from time to time made other purchases, until he now owns upward of 700 acres. This is under a good state of cultivation, with a commodious home, besides other modern con- veniences to faciliate agricultural pursuits. His home is situated on an attractive site on the blufiPs, from which he has an uninterrupted view for miles around, extending across the river to Cass county. He has a large or- chard. He is acknowledged to be one of the most substantial farmers in this locality. All his property he has accumulated by industry and economy. Mr. and Mrs. Krohe have seven children living, viz.: Amelia, wife of Jacob Logsdon; Frank, Louisa, Julia, Edward, Emma and Minnie; William died at the age of thirty- one, andAdolph died in infancy. Mr. Krohe is a Democrat in politics, but takes no active interest in political matters, other than desiring the advancement and wel- fare of his country. He and his wife are members of the Lutheran Church, and have contributed liberally towards its support. Intelligent and able, industrious and fru- gal, enterprising and progressive, he has bent circumstances to his will, until from nothing he now stands among the first inhabitants of his community, looked up to and esteemed by all who know him. ffOHlSr H. DEPPE, an old settler and 1 well known and retired carpenter of Boardstown, was born in Hanover, in 1832, August 29. His parents were Casper and Elizabeth (Recor) Deppe, natives of Hanover, and of good German stock. After their marriage and the birth of their chil- dren, Mr. and Mrs. Heppe came to the United States, in the fall of 1842, in a sailing vessel of three masts. After a journey of seven weeks and three days they landed in New Orleans. After a three weeks' trip on a Mississippi river steamer they landed in St. Louis in January, 1843. After some time in the city they went to Missouri, and they went to Beardstown from there. Casper was SGEUTLES AND BROWN COUNTIES. 397 a carpenter, having learned his trade in Ger- many, and he began working at it for $7 a month for some months. Later he received seventy-five cents a day. This seemed big wages to him. After overcoming many hard- ships and troubles he succeeded in obtaining a foothold in life. He then entered into contracting and building, and as he was a good workman he had many friends in the city. Later in life he purchased land in In- dian creek precinct, Cass county, and there lived for a time and then came back to Beards- town. Here he spent the remainder of his days in retirement and quiet. He died in 1889, February 28. He was then eighty- four years of age. His wife died in 1884, at the age of eighty-six. They were well known old settlers of this city and had a host of friends by whom they were missed. They were active members of the Sixth street Lutheran Church, which they helped organize and build up. Mr. Deppe was a Democrat. Mr. John Deppe was the only son of the family. He had two sisters, but one died, and the other married Charles Kobelenz, and they are both living in Beardstown. Mr. Deppe has always been a hard-working man, and for eighteen years before his retirement from active life was employed in the car shops of the Quincy Railroad at this place doing work as a car bnilder and woodworker. He learned his trade under, his father. Ex- cepting three years, when he engaged in farming, he has always lived in Beardstown and has been successful in whatever he at- tempted. He bought a farm in Indian Creek precinct of 160 acres, nearly all of which is improved. He w^B married in this city to Miss Annie Morman. She was born in Ingra, Prussia, in 1835. She died at her home in this city, May 3, 1883. She was one of the good 27 worthy women of the city, and was the daugh- ter of German parents, who lived and died in Prussia. Mrs. Deppe came to America in early girlhood. She was a worthy mem- ber of the Sixth Street Lutheran Church. Mr. and Mrs. Deppe were the parents of eleven children, seven of whom are now living, namely: Louis, tinner by trade, who mar- ried Louisa Dieckhous ; Gustav, of the dry- goods firm of Deppe Bros. ; William, of the same firm; Lydia is at home; Robert H. is a barber of the city; Herman C, a tailor by trade; and Conrad J. at home. The children are young men and women that any one would be proud of, and Mr. Deppe is a father to be envied. He is a Democrat in polities. fACOBH. SNYDER, an extensive farmer of Brown connty, was borii. about four miles from Duncannon, Perry county, Pennsylvania, June 10, 1831. His father, Jacob Snyder, was born in Germany, and his father, George Snyder, was also a native of Germany, who emigrated with his family to America about 1814, locating in Pennsylva- nia. Here he spent his last years in Perry county. His son was twelve years old when he came to America, with his parents. He was reared to agricultural pursuits and fol- lowed farming in Perry county until 1837, when he removed to Ohio. He and his family made the entire journey overland with teams. He purchased a tract of land in Preble county, which he improved, and on wiiich he resided until his death, in 1858. His wife was named Elizabeth Young, born in Pennsylvania, of German parents. She died on the home farm in Preble county, in 1867. 398 BIOGRAPEIOAL REVIEW OF 0A88, Jacob was six years old when he moved to Preble county with his parents, and there he was reared and educated. He began when very young to assist on the farm, remaining with his parents until he attained his major- ity, and then began life for himself on rented land. He continued to rent land in Ohio, until 1865, and then came to Dlinois, and bought land in Woodstock township, Schuy- ler county, and lived there until 1872. He then bought land in Cooperstown township. He also bought other land at different times, and at the present time owns 740 acres in the same township. He resided there until 1891, when he bought the farm where he now re- sides. This is a well improved farm of eighty-six acres, on the Rushville road, two miles east of the Mt. Sterling courthouse. In 1860, he married Margaret Rush, born in Preble county, Ohio. Her father, Cor- nelius Eush, was born in Yirginia, ar^d his father, John Rush, was also a native of Vir- ginia, and he emigrated from there to Ohio, being a pioneer of Preble county. From there he went to Indiana, and spent his last years near Logansport. Father o:f Mrs, Sny- der was married in Preble county, resided there a few years, then moved tq Cass county, Indiana, and was quite an early settle;- there. He purchased a tract of timber land and built a log house and resided there until his death in 1857. His wife was named Barbara Brower. She was born in Virginia, daughter of Daniel and Sarah (Flora) Brower. She now lives with her daughter, Mrs. Sny- der, and has done so since the death of her husband. Mr. and Mrs. Snyder have nine children living. They are: Joseph F., John B., Ida N., Cora O., Luella B., Angeline A., Charles H., Olive E. and Arthur L. Mr. and Mrs. Snyder are members of the Christian Church. Mr. Snyder is a Republican in politics, and both he and his wife have hosts of friends by whom they are admired and respected. He was a Union soldier in the late war. fOHN J. BROWNING was born in Woodstock township, Schuyler county, Illinois, July 4, 1857, a son of James H. and Sarah E. (Hall) Browning. The pa- ternal grandparents, Abner and Nancy Brown- ing, were natives of Virginia, but passed their last days in Hancock county, Illinois, dying at the ages of eighty-two and seventy- eight years. James H. was born in Vir- ginia, May 8, 1818, and was but four years of age when his parents moved to Kentucky; there he was reared to agricultural pursuits until he was sixteen years of age, when he came to Rushville, Schuyler county, Illinois. In 1834, he purchased a portion of the land on which John J. Browning now resides; there he lived until his death, which occur- red August 19, 1883. His wife, Sarah E. (Hall) Browning, was born September 28, 1831, in Wayne county, Kentucky, and died February 28,1883; she was one of a family of ten children, and the father was one of eight. Politically he adhered to the princi- ples of the Democratic party; for twenty years he was Justice of the Peace, and he held the office of Supervisor at the time of his death. He was prominently connected with the political history of the county, and for many years was a preacher in the Chris- tian Church. He was married to the mother of our subject, September 7, 1856. Mr. Browning was, himself, united in mar- riage December 25, 1884, to Miss Mary Sweeney, who was born in Jeiferson county, Missouri, March 25, 1858 ; her parents, Michael SGHUTLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 399 and Margaret (Gavin) Sweeney, were natives of county Galway, Ireland, and emigrated to America, lirst settling in New York State; later they removed to Missouri, and there Mr. Sweeney was engaged in farming until 1861; in that year he came to Schuyler county, where he now resides. Mr. and Mrs. Brown- ing are the. parents of three children: Pearl B., born October 23, 1885; Alta M., born July 27, 1888; and Lizzie M., born February 27, 1891. Until 1884 Mr. Browning resided on the home farm ; he then purchased a tract of land, which with the inheritance from his father covers 300 acres; the land is under excellent cultivation, and in all branches of husbandry he has been success- ful. Politically he supports tlie issues of the Democratic party, but takes no active inter- est in the movements of that body. tBRAHAM LINCOLN MARSHALL, of Lee township, was born on his pres- ent farm in 18Q1. His father, James Marshall, was born in Tennessee in 1819, and his father, William .Marshall, came to Illinois in 1832. He died in Cass county, at a great age, having reared fifteen children, of whom James was the youngest. All have passed away. James Marshall was a volunteer from Lee township in the One Hiindred and Nineteenth Illinois Infantry, Company E. He enlisted in August, 1861, and died in the hospital at Memphis, Tennessee, of a fever, December, 1863. He left a widow and five children. His wife's name was Martha A. Horn, born in Alabama. Her father died when she was about two years old, and she was reared by her mother, her step- father, Elisha Brown, and her uncle, George Criswell, of Morgan county, Illinois. She was married in Missouri, in 1844. They settled here in 1856, on sixty-two acres, to which he added until now the farm is more than 176 acres, of which thirty-five acres is good timber. The Marshall brothers now own this fine home farm jointly, subject to the mother's life lease. They grow corn, wheat, hay and oats, have from fourteen to twenty horses, ten to twenty head of cattle and turn off from ten to forty hogs, aiuiually. They believe in a rotation of crops and plenty of crops. They have as fine meadow land as there is in tlie State. An immense barn was built between 1871 and 1888, with arnple room for every- thing. They have a snug farm house, fin- ished and rebuilt in 1889. Mr. A. L. Marshall was married in Janu- ary, 1889, to Mary B. Williams, daughter of Thomas and Lncinda (Beam) Williams, he of Ohio and she of Vermont. Mrs. Marshall was born in Clayton, Adams county, and there her mother died, in 1877, in the prime of life. Her father resides in Clayton, Illi- nois. Mr. and Mrs. Marshall have one little son, nained Benjamin Harrison, and Mr. Marshall is a very loyal, ardent Republican. ^ ^ [ONR AD HE RZ B E RGER, now deceased IWa having died at his home in township 19, range 11, March 9, 1882, was born near Frankfort, Germany, November 9, 1831. He came of good and respectable German families, his parents having lived and died in Hesse-Uarmstadt, and they had been re- spected members of the Lutheran Church. Conrad was the only member of his family to come to the United States. He came to America when twenty years old, via New 400 BIOGRAPHIGAL REVIEW OF CaSS, York city; from there he went to Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, and worked for nine years in a tannery. He afterward made two trips back to his native country. He came to this county in 1860, began as a renter, afterward purchased his farm in section 32, and this remained his home during the rest of his active life. Before he died he owned 281 acres of well improved land. He was a good, hard-working man, a prominent citizen, a successful and practical farmer and one with a host of friends in the county. He was not a politician, but he was a Republican and a worthy member of the Lutheran Church. He had obtained a good education in Ger- many as a practical surveyor and book- keeper. He was married in Morgan county, Illi- nois, to Caroline Dorr. She came to Amer- ica in 1852, and was the daughter of Lewis and Mary (Retiz) Dorr. These parents settled first at Jacksonville, Illinois, and there the father is still living, being seventy-three years of age. He has been a farmer all his life. His wife died at her home in Morgan county, at the age of iifty-six. They were both highly respected members of the Lu- theran Church. Mrs. Herzberger, widow of our subject, is the eldest of six children. Since the death of her husband she has man- aged the farm with wonderful success, re- ceiving assistance from her children. She is a smart and accomplished lady, interested in everything of importance in the county. She and her children are all members of the Griggs chapel of the Methodist Episcopal Church. The children are as follows: Amelia, wife of Henry Doerr, a farmer of this town- ship; Tillie, wife of William Huppe, a farm- er of this county; Lewis, conducting his mother's farm, and has successfully managed her aifairs although yet a young man; John William assists his brother; Elva L. remains at home; and Clarence. The children all bid fair to continue a comfort to their wid- owed mother and a credit to the memory of their honest father. ~~ #^ ^ERMAN H. KORSMEYER, a practi- cal farmer of section 19, township 17, range 12, has been a resident of this farm since 1851, making some very fine im- provements in the buildings and on the land. He first purchased 120 acres, the same being his homestead, and has since added to the original farm until he now owns about 600 acres and nearly one-third of that amount is under the plow. He has also engaged in raising stock of the best grades. He came to this county in 18^8 and has since made Cass county his home, beginning here as a poor boy working by the month. He later rented land until he purchased his homestead. Mr. Korsmeyer was born in the kingdom of Hanover, Germany, Septen^ber 29, 1831. He is the eldest son and child of the family. His parents were John H. and Anna M. (Lovecamp) Korsmeyer, who were both born and reared in Hanover, coming of good Ger- man stock. Our subject, when yet a young man, set out for America alone, taking pas- sage in August, 1848, on the sailing vessel Agnes, which landed him in New Orleans after a sixty days' passage. He then came by steamer to St. Louis, and thence to Beards- town. Li 1851 the parents, with their other two children, Fred and Anna, set sail from Germany also, and reached Beardstown that same year. They began farming some miles southwest of Beardstown, the father and his eldest son living together, where the father died in 1860. Our subject's mother SGHUTLEB AND BROWN COUNTIES. 401 died in the same place in 1870. She was born in the early part of the present century. She and her husband had always been mem- bers of the Lutheran Church. Mr. Korsmejer was married in this county, to Miss Anna M. E. Knipenberg. She was born in Hanover and was the daughter of Frederick and Maria Knipenberg, who came to the United States as a family in 1848, and settled on a farm in Cass county. Mr. Knip- enberg was a carpenter by trade. He and his wife continued to reside here until their death, which occurred when they were old people. They were consistent members of the Lutheran Church. Mrs. Korsmeyer was young when she came to this country, and she lived with her par- ents until her marriage. She is a good, true woman, and is highly regarded all through her township. She and her husband are members of the German Lutheran Church, and he is a Republican in his political faith He and his wife are the parents of seven children, all living: John H., remaining at home, assisting his father, married to Minnie Boes; Louisa became the wife of Henry Bus- cher, a farmer in Morgan county; William > a farmer in the same county, married Mary Rogge; Lena M., wife of Herman Rogge, a farmer of Cass county ; Henry is a mechanic now at home with his father, but a graduate of Pearson Institute, of La Porte, Indiana; Anna W., at present with her sister, Mrs. Buscher, of Morgan county; and Sophia, at home. Mr. Korsmeyer and his wife are highly respected citizens of this county. ■"-nyifl/ly—^^^ — ■• ■^ifirm^^ tENRY W. HE A TON, a well-known farmer of Oakland township, has been prominently identified with the agri- cultural interests of this section of Illinois for the past thirty-seven years. He was born in Bucks county, Pennsylvania, March 9, 1830. His father, Jeffrey Heaton, was a na- tive of England, born in 1807, but at the age of eight years was brought across the sea to America; he was one of a family of four sons and four daughters. He learned the weaver's trade, of which his father was a master, and followed this vocation several years; he fi- nally abandoned it, however, to take up farm- ing in Ohio, whither he had removed in 1836; he rented land in Jefferson county until 1849, and then went to Fulton county, Illinois, making the trip via the Ohio and Illinois rivers-. In 1850 he purchased eighty acres, on which he located and there passed the remainder of his days; he died in Jan- uary, 1858; he left a widow and ten children, of whom our subject is the eldest; the mother still survives, at the age of eighty-four years; she is living in Oakland township with her son, Thomas. One son, Simon, was killed in battle in the war of the Rebellion ; he was twenty-nine years of age, and left a wife, one son and a daughter. Henry W. Heaton was was a youth of fifteen years when his father began farming in Ohio; at the age of twenty- one he began the search for his own fortune. Four years later he was united in marriage to Miss Rebecca B. Patterson, of this county and township, a daughter of Hugh and Ellen Patterson, natives of Ohio and Pennsylvania respectively. Mr. and Mrs. Heaton lived in Astoria township, Fulton county, where they rented land until 1862; in that year they bought a farm on which they lived until 1866, when they sold the place and came to Schuyler county. They bought the old homestead, a tract of 140 acres, on which they have since lived. They buried one daughter, at the age of two years, named Ellen; they now have eight sons and three 402 BIO&BAPSIOAL REVIEW OF OASS, daughters; the eldest is thirty-three and the youngest is eleven years of age. Their names are as follows: William H. ; Franklin H.; SanfordW.; Andrew J.; James; Lewis E.; Cornelius, Albert, Florence R., wife of Syl- vester France; Sarah Ann, wife of George Beghtol; and Kosa. In politics Mr. Heaton votes for the man best suited, in his estimation, for the office in question, but favors the principles of the Democratic party. He carries on a general farming business, raising grain and live- stock. He began life without capital, except that with which nature had endowed him, and by industry and wise management has accumulated a competence for coming age. The parents of Mrs. Heaton are both de- ceased, the father at the age of seventy, and the mother at seventy-two years of age. ^DOLPH KALLASCH, a prominent farmer of Elkhorn township in Brown county, is a native of Germany, having been born in that country, February 16, 1840. He is the son of Frederick and Fred- rica (Kuntz) Kallasch, natives of the same country, who, in 1852 came to America in a sailing vessel, making the voyage in six weeks and landing in Quebec, where they remained but a short time, coming from there to Chicago, by the lakes and railroad. From that great city they came to this coun- ty and settled near where the subject now lives, buying ninety acres of land, partly im- proved, on which had been erected a little log cabin. This cabin they replaced later by a frame house and here died both the father and the mother, when about seventy-six and fifty-six, respectively. They were the par- ents of seven children, two yet living. The The father was a carpenter by trade and a stanch Democrat in political faith. Both he and his good wife were earnest Christians, both in life and teachings. Under the guidance of these good parents our subject remained until 1862, when his country called him from the peaceful occu- pation of a farmer and he enlisted in Com- pany B, Ninety- ninth Illinois Infantry, Cap- tain Fee in command, in which he remained all through the war, being mustered out at Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and discharged at Springfield. From there he returned home. After his return home he was married, about Christmas, to Miss Mary Lipkaman, born in Pike county, Illinois, daughter of h rederick and Barbara Lipkaman, who came to this country from Germany at a very early day, renting in Pike* county, in the '30s. The father died when about seven- ty-six, but his wife still lives, on the old farm. The family principally carried on farming, but a few were mechanics. Mr. and Mrs. Kallasch have had seven children, five yet living, namely; Henry, married Minnie Wood, has one boy; Louis, at home running the old farm for his father; Harvey, is also at home; Emma, married Andrew Kelinlein, and they have one child; and Anna, at home. After his marriage onr subject bought seventy acres just across from his father's farm, later adding eighty more acres, 108 acres of which he sold to his son Henry. He first lived in an old log cabin, but now has as fine a house as there is in the county. This gentleman is a stanch Republican, casting his first vote for General Grant. He and his estimable wife are members of the Lutheran Church, attending at Perry post ofliice. Pike county, where they are regarded SOHUYLEB AND BROWN OOUNTIEB. 403 as highly respected members of that body. They have always been church members since reaching years of maturity and lead crood, earnest lives. Mr. Kallasch has al- ways carried on general farming, at which he has been very successful and can be said to be one of the leading influential men of the township. -*^ 3 ar^EONARDSERROT, who is well-known 'WJti throughout Schuyler county as a pro ^^ gressive and intelligent agriculturist was born in Scioto county, Ohio, September 12, 1832, son of Peter F. and Nancy (Patton) Serrot. The paternal grandparents were born in tlie city of Paris, France, and emi- grated to America to take up part of a tract of land that was granted to La Fayette, near Portsmouth, Ohio; there they settled and passed the remainder of their lives. Peter F. Serrot lived in Ohio until 1835, and in the fall of that year removed to Illinois; he made the trip with four horses and a wagon, and was accompanied by his wife and eight children. He first settled in the village of Rushville, and the following spring bought the land on which Leonard Serrot now lives; the tract consisted of 160 acres, and the con- SCHUYLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 449 sideration was $300 ; there were no improve- ments, and the land was heavily timbered. He, FeterF., erected a log house which was then regarded as a very superior structure, and which furnished a shelter several years, when it was replaced by a more modern edi- fice. Mr. Serrot was an old-time Whig, but joined the Republican ranks upon the for- mation of that party. He died at the home of his son, John, aged seventy-six years; his wife, Nancy Patton Serrot, was born in Ohio, and died at the old homestead, at the age of fifty-six years. Leonard Serrot spent his boyhood and youth at honae with his parents. He was married January 4, 1855, to Miss Evelina Thompson, who was born in Cecil county, Maryland, April 6, 1834, a daughter of Ezekiel and Mary (Thompson) Thompson ; her father was a native of Pennsylvania, and emigrated to the West at an early day, and was one of the honored pioneers of Schuyler county; he died at the age of eighty -twb years, and his wife survived to the age of eighty- four years ; they reared a family of seven children. Mr. and Mrs. Serrot each received a fair education in the common schools, and are the parents of two children: Millard F. was born December 24, 1855; he is one of the prominent teachers of the county, and has followed the profession ten years; Mary E. was born May 4, 1860. After his marriage, Mr. Serrot lived on the home place for thirteen years, and then embarked in the grocery trade in Kipley, Brown county, conducting the business from 1868 to 1871. He is now engaged in gen- eral farming. For more than forty years he has been a member of the Methodist Episco- pal Church, and has lived a life consistent with its teachings. In politics, he adheres to the principles of the Republican party. He is a member of the Grange, and in all movements for the benefit of the public he takes a deep interest. He has always em- ployed strictly honorable methods in his business relations, and enjoys the highest regard of his fellowmen, Six years ago he erected one of the handsomest houses in the county. The paternal great-grandfather of Mr. Serrot was Captain of a French man-of-war, and was very prominent among the seamen of his day. [DWARD S. FRANK, for many years a prominent resident of Brown county, ''^ and identified with the busines inter- ests there, was born in Davidson county. North Carolina, May 23, 1848, His father, William Frank, was born in the same county, and his grandfather, Peter, was born in Pennsylvania of German ancestors. He emi- grated to North Carolina and was an early settler of Davidson county. He bought a tract of land on the Yadkin river and en- gaged in farming there, where he spent the rest of his days. William Frank was reared and married in North Carolina, and came from there to Illinois in 1852. The re- moval was made overland by teams. He lo- cated at Buckhorn and there established the post office of which he was the efiBcient Post- master. It was kept in his house at that time. His house was in section 33, of what is now Lee township. He followed his trade of gunsmith and resided there eight years, and then removed to the locality known as Mt. Pleasant and still lives there. His wife's name was Sarah, daughter of Godfrey and Martha (Merrill) Winkler. Edward S. Frank was four years of age when his parents brought him to Illinois. 450 BIOaBAPHIOAL REVIEW OF OASS, He was reared and educated in Lee township, and at the early age of fourteen he began to assist his father in the shop, being a natural mechanic, he soon developed into a first-class workman. He finally established himself in the blacksmith business at Mt. Pleasant and continued there nine years, then closed out that branch of the business. In it he lost less than one hundred dollars on account of bad bills, and never sued a customer. He was married in 1878, to Martha J. Morehead of Butler county, Pennsylvania, a daughter of James and Margaret (Monks) Morehead. She is a member of the Baptist Church, and they are the parents of two children, Nona Ruth and Jama E. He saw the need in that section of a reg- ular undertaking business, and he opened a business of that nature and continued in it successfully for thirteen years. lu 1891, failing health compelled him to change his occupation and he sold out this business and bought the farm where he now resides, one mile southeast of Clayton, where he is now engaged in raising sheep, breeding recorded Shropshire sheep. Sheep-raising is not a new business to him. While he was in the black- smith business he bought a tract of rough land and in clearing it up he stocked it with sheep, so that he has been in the sheep busi- ness for upward of twenty years. While in the undertaking business he found it neces- sary to divert his mind in some way. In this way he began in his leisure hours to make a study of sheep, and he is now thoroughly acquainted with the subject of sheep farming and breeding for vitality. He has raised dif- ferent breeds, including Merinos, Cotswold, Southdown, Oxforddown and Leicester, and has proven that the Shropshire are by far the superior all-around sheep. Mr. Frank is a Kepublican in politics. He has one of the most beautiful homes in the east side of Adams county. It is located on an eminence and is partially surrounded by a beautiful glade. From the natural scenery his home takes the name of the Crescent Glade. Mr. Frank is one of the most prom- inent men of this section. He is a thorough business man and all his enterprises, which have been many, and has been entirely suc- cessful. It would be well if all the men in the county were as well informed, honest and reliable as is Mr. Edward S. Frank. ,MOS HARSHEY, who is well known throughout Schuyler county as a lead- ing farmer of Littleton township, was born in Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, October 13, 1847, a son of Jacob and Be- thiah 0. (Barnes) Harshey. His father was a native of the same county, and in 1858 he emi- grated to the West, locating near Rushville, Schuyler county, Illinois; after seven years he sold the land he had taken up at that time, and bought the farm now occupied by our subject; here he passed the remainder of his life, his death occurring at the age of forty- nine years; his wife is a native of Westmore- land county, Pennsylvania, and is still living, a resident of Littleton township. Her par- ents emigrated to Schuyler county in 1859, and were living here at the time of death. The youth of Mr. Harshey was a quiet, un- eventful one, and he was at home until after his marriage. He was united to Miss Marissa R. Prather, September 10, 1872, and they are the parents of one child, Ethel G., born January 24, 1877. Mrs. Harshey was born in Jefferson county, Ohio, April 5, 1848, a daughter of James and Bar- SOHUYLEB AND BROWN COUNTIES. 451 bara (Young) Prather; the parents removed to this county in 1851, and the father died here at the age of eighty years; the mother is still living. After his marriage Mr. Harshey engaged in farming on his own account, renting land for a period of five years; at the end of that period he bought his present home, which he has occupied since. He has 130 acres of fer- tile land in a high state of cultivation. He carries on a general farming business, and by good management and industry makes the business profitable. In politics he afliliates with the Republican party; his father and grandfather were Whigs before the organi- zation of the Republican party, but after its formation they joined its ranks. In 1892 he was elected Supervisor for a term of two years. He and his wife are members of the Presbyterian Church, and are actively inter- ested in the work of this society; he is an Elder, and for many years has been superin- tendent of the Sabbath-school. He belongs to Friendship Lodge, jSTo. 24, 1. O. O. F. fHARLES HILL, a retired farmer of Mt. Sterling, Illinois, was born in Coopers- town, Brown County, Illinois, Novem- ber 14, 1834. His father, Robert Hill, was born in North Carolina, and was at the battle of New Orleans in the war of 1812. He was the son of John Hill, who was a General in the Revolutionary war. He was reared and married in his native State and resided there until about 1825, then came to Illinois and was one of the first settlers of Schuyler county. He resided near Rushville for eight years and then moved to that part of Schuy- ler, now included in Brown county, where he bought a tract of timber land. The log cabin in which our subject was born was the same in which the father resided until his death. The maiden name of his wife was Elizabeth Angel, who lived in North Carolina and was the daughter of John Angel and died at the home of her son-in-law, in Cooperstown. Our subject was reared in his native State, where he married. He attended the pioneer schools, taught in the log house. In his youthful days there were but few improve- ments in the county and deer and other kinds of game were plentiful. He resided with his parents until his marriage, and then engaged in farming on his own account and was an act- ive and successful farmer for many years and now lives retired in a beautiful home in this city. Mr. Charles Hill has been married three times, the first time to Miss Farringtou, and she died on the home farm in Cooperstown township. His Second marriage was to Mrs. Ella Crooks, and she died at the age of thirty- two years; and his third marriage was with Miss Lizzie Irwin. This lady was born in Mt. Sterling, September 6, 1850. She was the daughter of Willam and Mary A. (White) Irwin. Her grandfather, John Irwin, was a native of Fayette county, where he spent his entire life and died at the age of eighty years. The father of Mrs. Irwin was born in Wood- ford county, Kentucky, April 15, 1840, and reared and married in his native State. He came from there to Illinois, in 1839, and was one of the pioneers of Brown county. He settled on section 1, of what is nowMt. Stor- ing township. Here he improved a farm and lived until his death, July 30, 1887. His wife returned to Maysville, Kentucky, in 1830 and died August 12, 1870. The maternal grandparents of Mrs. Hill were James and Elizabeth (Browning) White, na- tives of Kentucky and pioneers of Pike 453 BIOGBAPHIOAL REVIEW OF CMS, county: later they moved to Macoupin county and died tliere. In politics our subject is a iirm supporter of the principles of Democracy and upholds the party measures upon all occasions. In religious matters Mrs. Hill is an active and zealous member of the Presbyterian Church. ^. ^ ^ARIUS KUNKLE was born in Cham- pagne county, Ohio, February 10, 1813. He was the son of William and Mary (Pence) Runkle. William was born in Vir- ginia and went to Ohio in an early day, fol- lowing his trade of tanner until about 1850, when he came to Illinois, rented a farm in Morgan county and lived there until the close of the war. He then came to near where his son now lives, and died, aged eighty-four. His wife, also born in Virginia, died at the same place, aged eighty-six. The flunkies came from Germany, and the grandparents of Darius lost their parents on the trip over to this country. Darius is one of ten children, four of whom are yet living. He remained at home until twenty-one years of age, working at the tanning business and farming. He had very limited schooling and is entirely a self-made man. After he was twenty-one years old he worked for $10 a month for two years and then clerked for a brother-in-law in a general store in Sidney, Ohio, for two years more. He then started for Illinois, coming to Beards- town, and then walked over to Doddsville, wading two miles in water. This was in the spring of 1837, and he came to take charge of Samuel Dodd's general store. He con- tinued in that for a year and one-half, and during that time entered eighty, acres which later he sold and then bought 160 acres of wild land where he now lives. He also bought another eighty acres in the timber. In the fall of 1838, he returned to Ohio and remained with his father working in the tan yard for two years, and then came back here and commenced improving his farm. He broke forty acres, built a story-and-a-half house, and on October 12, 1840, he married Ann Maria Walker, who was born in Adams county, Pennsylvania. She was the daughter of Andrew Walker of Adams coanty, Penn- sylvania, who came here in 1840, and settled on Mr. Dodd's farm. Mrs. Runkle was one of nine children. Mr. and Mrs. Runkle have ten living children. The sons are: James J., William, Charles W., Joseph C. and Stephen A.; and the daughters: Mary A., Laura, Liny and Clara J. Mary A. had two sons and four daughters: Clara J. two daughters and two sons; both the mothers are deceased. After marriage Mr. and Mrs. Runkle moved into the log house he had built, and remained there until 1866, and then moved into his present fine home, which is one of the best in McDonough, having cost $10,000 and being first-class in every particular. Mr. Runkle has built four or live diflperent times where his sons live, and has bought thee farms with houses upon them. He commenced with |90, and had to borrow $10 to enter his first eighty acres. He now has 3,000 acres of land, 970 in Schuyler county and 1,940 in McDonough county, and he has given each son a fine farm. He makes a specialty of fine stock, and has been engaged in various kinds of business during his life. In 1841 be bought a stock of goods, and was a merchant for two or three years, and was Postmaster in 1843- '44: he also kept a stage. He was Super- visor of School Boards for years, and he with two others built the first schoolhouse in this 8GHUYL§R AND BROWN COUNTIES. 453 district, and it also served as a church. He also loaned money to build a pioneer mill and tried to get a railroad through this section. He has helped many a deserving and worthy ohject. His wife has been a church member ever since their marriage, being one of the first to take an active interest in chnrch and Sunday-school work in the place. She was very active in everything tending toward the building of churches and schools, and was a most worthy companion to as public-spirited a man as Mr. Runkle. Her death occurred in 1889. Mr. Eunkle can count his friends by the number of his acquaintances and his enemies are not known. He treats every one well, and the deserving are never turned away without help and words of cheer. Politically he has always aflBliated with the Whig and Republican parties. He voted first for Henry Clay, and at the birth of the Repub- lican party voted for Fillmore. He is very well satisfied with Republican principles. tORERT NEWMAN, an extensive farmer of Cass county, Illinois, dates his birth in that part of Grrayson county now included in Carroll county, Virginia, August 31, 1834. Jesse Newman, his father, was born in Botetourt county, Virginia. He learned and followed the trade of cooper, and in connection with his trade also operated a sawmill. He resided in what is now Carroll county for a number of years. From there he came to Illinois, resided in this State twelve years, and then went back to Virginia, where he is still living. His wife, the mother of Robert, was before her marriage Miss Nancy Bedsall. She was born in Virginia, and spent her whole life in that State. She reared six children. The subject of our sketch was reared in his native State, and was there married when he was nineteen years old. Accompanied by his bride, he came to Illinois the fall after their marriage, making the western journey via the Ohio, Mississippi and Illinois rivers, at that time the most expeditious route, and landed at Beardstown. He was in very lim- ited circumstances at that time, being unable to go to housekeeping for want of means. He was industrious and persevering, however, and at once found work on the farm, at $15 per month. Little of the land in this section of the country was then improved, most of it being owned by the Government. It was not long after his arrival here till Mr. New- man purchased a squatter's claim to eighty acres of land, in section 9, township 18, range 9, for which he paid |8 per acre. There was a rude log cabin on this place, the cover of which was made of boards rived by hand, there being no floor at all. They at once took possession of the place, and as soon as Mr. Newman could get the money, bought from the Government, under the graduation law, paying twelve and a half cents per acre. As there were no improvements on the land and he had no team, he continued working by the month a portion of the time, putting in his spare hours in grubbing on his own land. This he continued for twelve years. At tbe time he located on it, his land was covered with a heavy prairie grass, prairie fires hav- ing run over it every year and checked the growth of timber. Deer and other wild game abounded here. There were no railroads in the county for some years, and all produce was marketed at Beardstown. The price of grain was low, corn selling as low as ten cents per bushel. Mr. Newman has been very successful as a farmer, has purchased other tracts of land at different times, and is now 454 BIOQRAPUIGAL REVIEW OF CASS, the owner of 554 acres. Of this amount 245 acres are in Mason county, the rest being in Cass county. The maiden name of Mrs. Newman was Mary Mangus. She was born in Roanoke county, Virginia. Their union has been blessed by the birth of two children, viz.: Sarah, who married Thomas Wortman, and has seven children; and Alexander, who wedded Ellen Cunningham, and has six chil- dren. fOHN GLANDON was born in Harrison county, Ohio, February, 1834. His father, William, was born in 1780 and moved to Harrison county, Ohio, where he bought a small farm. His wife was Mary Magdalene Peacock, of German descent, probably born in Maryland. Her father was Robert Peacock, a soldier of the Revolution and he laid his land warrant for 160 acres on the historical Mt. Vernon home. She was one of five children, and her parents were stirring farmers of that time and died in Ohio, at an advanced age. Mr. Glandon is one of eleven children, all of whom came to an adult age and became heads of families, but all have passed away except five. The father was an honest, hard working man, but did not accumulate much wealth and died at the age of seventy. His wife was much younger than he and survived him many years. She spent her last years at the home of this son, but while on a visit to McDon- ough county, in 1866, she died there, aged seventy-two. Mr. Glandon had but very limited school- ing, as he had to work hard in early boyhood. At the age of twelve he carried the mail for one year for his uncle from Cadiz, Ohio, to Cambridge, a distance of forty-two miles. This he continued daily, except Sunday, and this year's experience will never be forgotten. He worked on the home farm from the age of thirteen to sixteen, when he engaged as sales- man, on the road in Ohio, Pennsylvania and Virginia, in the fanning-inill business. He was a success at this for two years. He then returned to the home farm, where he re- mained until the death of his father. He then took the contract to build two miles of , railroad in Harrison county on the Pan Handle road. He next went to Kentucky at the mouth of the Big Sandy river, where he built two miles of road on the Lexington & Big Sandy. This, however, was not very profitable. He had married in Harrison county and with his wife and one child he came to Illinois. His wife was Delilah, daughter of Joseph and Catherine (Wood) Banister, both of whom were from Maryland. They first bought 125 acres, at $13 dollars an acre in 1855. Upon this place there were a small log house and a rude stable. Since then from time to time they have added ten to twenty acres at a time, until he now owns 985 acres, all fenced in and 700 acres under culture. Nearly all of this is good, arable land. Much of it is very fertile and is very desirable as it is all in one body. When he built his first large barn, 40 x 70, with base- ment, it cost him $25,000. It is one of the best barns of the section, with solid stone basement. About six years later he built his second barn in which he can stall 100 head of cattle and ten head of horses. He built his present large farm house in 1885. These buildings are on an eminence, nearly 100 feet above the bottom lands and com- mands a view of over 500 acres. He grows from 400 to 500 acres of corn, yielding sixty bushels to the acre. He rents much of this SOHUTLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 455 land to small farmers, for twenty bushels to the acre. He believes in a rotation of crops and has for twenty-five years fed from fifty to 150 head of cattle. Of late years he feeds less and sells his corn. During the war he kept sheep, as high as 1,700 of the Merinos, and sold his clippings one year for $1 per pound. In 1882 he bought the Brooklyn "Water Gristmill of which he had to rebuild the lower portion and put in the roller sys- tem. This cost a great deal of money, but proved a great succes for three years- Cus- tom came from far and near, and they had more than they could attend to, as there was no other mill like it nearer than Quincy; but other mills of this kind sprang up and Mr. Glandon moved his machinery to Walker, Ellis county, Kansas, in 1888, but within two years he exchanged it for property in Denver, Colorado. The result of this invest- ment is yet to be seen. Mr. Glandon has all he can do to look after his tenants and busi- ness, but he has often followed' the plow and swung the ax. He has served as Commis- sioner and has filled all the minor offices. He always votes the Republican ticket. In 1865, he, in company with William Hornley, went toGraystone, Texas, by teams for an aged couple who had been stranded there. This journey of about 2,000 miles took from October 4 to December 1. It was an arduous, dangerous journey at this time of civil strife, and strong and resolute as they both were they were glad to land here safely with those dear old people, and the two sons of Mr Hornley who had been left in the South. Mr. and Mrs. Glandon have four children : Belinda Jane McKelvie, of Clay county, Nebraska; James William, residing in Den- ver, Colorado; Mary Alice Fowler, on a farm close by; and Edgar Denis, now taking a course at the Eureka College, Illinois. He took one term at Knox College, where his brother John was educated. Mrs. Glandon has always been frail in health, but still superintends and does much of her house- work. There are but few finely located homes as this one. PSENRY W. OETGEN, farmer and stock- raiser of Frederick, Illinois, was born near Beardstown, March 10, 1849. His parents, William and Katherine (Middle- busher) Oetgen, were natives of Hanover, Prussia. The father was born May 31, 1817, the mother December 23, 1823. They came to America with their parents when quite young, the paternal grandparents locating in Pennsylvania, and the maternal grandparents came straight to Beardstown. Our subject was the third child of his par- ents. He received his education in the pub- lic schools of Cass county. He then engaged in farming, which has been his life work. In the fall of 1882 Mr. Oetgen purchased the farm on which he now resides and moved there the following spring. He owns a stock and grain farm of 260 acres, besides some town property in Frederick, all very valuable. His residence is a modern cottage, beautifully located and nicely furnished. He was married in Cass county, March IB, 1879, to Miss Augusta C. Hansmier, daugh- ter of Henry and Kate (Smidt) Hansmier. Her parents were natives of Germany and both came to America with their parents prior to marriage. The paternal grandmother and two daughters died on the voyage. The grandfather located in Wisconsin, where he remarried, afterward coming to Beardstown, 456 BIOORAPHIOAL REVIEW OF 0AS8, where the father of Mrs. Oetgen married and now resides. Mr. and Mrs. Oetgen are members of the German Lutheran Church. They have two children: Arthur H. and Inez Hallie. Mr. Oetgen is of straight Republican faith. He has served one term as Tax Collector of Fred- erick township and is a member of the M. W. of A. J|g|]|ILLIAM SEWALL, one of the earli- 'fPfflfl ^^^ settlers of Cass county, Illinois, l-^&] was a son of Major-General Henry Sew-all. He was born January 17, 1797, in Augusta, Maine; received a good business education at home, and also took a short academic course. In 1818, at the age of twenty-one, he obtained a clerkship in Wash- ington, but on his way thither was ship- wrecked, which event entirely changed his plans, for, in working the ship's pumps his hands were so badly frozen as to render it impossible for him to fill the position. He then spent a year teaching school in Mary- land, Virginia and West Virginia, when, in addition to the common branches he taught also bookkeeping and the higher mathematics, including astronomy, navigation and survey- ing. To illustrate these he used the best brass-mounted terrestrial and celestial globes, with maps, charts and other appliances. He was married August 9, 1821, to Mrs. Elizabeth W. Adams, who was born in Charles county, Maryland, July 27, 1795, a daughter of Samuel W. Middleton, an exten- sive planter. Mr. Sewall removed with his family to Jacksonville, Illinois, in the fall of 1829, and while residing there he again taught school. He was present at the or- ganization of the First Presbyterian Church in Jacksonville, and he and his wife were among its first members. , In the spring of 1833 he removed to his farm of 640 acres, entered from the Govern- ment and partially opened a short time be- fore. It was in the Sangamon bottom, near the present site of Chandlerville. At that time it was a wilderness which the Indians had not yet wholly abandoned. Here, as was his custom, he zealously engaged in Sabbath- school and other Christian work, and exerted on the new and growing community an in- fluence for good diflicult to estimate. Within a radius of eight or ten miles he organized three or four Sunday-schools, one of which was at his own house, where he conducted it for a considerable time, with only the assist- ance of his wife. They furnished free to each family a large cloth covered Testament for use in this work. Afterward, in the secular schools, these became the only reading books for many of the children for a number of years. By their constant zeal and Christian labor they were instrumental in preparing the way for the first church organization in the vicinity, the First Presbyterian, but after- ward a Congregational Church, and located at Woodstock, now Chandlerville. Mr. Sew- all was elected its first ruling Elder and Sunday-school Superintendent, and these offices he continued to fill with efficiency as long as he lived. He was a man of exten- sive reading, and rather in advance of his time — a pioneer in material improvements as well as morals. He had the first washing- machine, the first cook-stove and the first threshing-machine ever used in the county. He also brought the first Durham stock of cattle into his neighborhood, and made the first brick, which were of unsurpassed qual- ity. Shortly after his death his widow bought the first harvesting-machine ever 80RUYLER AJUD BROWN C0UNT1B8. 457 used in Cass county. He also was a good singer and performed on the fli;te. He lived a very useful life in all respects; and al- though called from his labors in the prime of life, he won the coniidence, respect and es- teem of all who knew him, and succeeded in laying the foundation for a, competency for his family. Politically, he was a "Whig, but never prominent in public affairs. He was thor- ougly posted, however, on the political ques- tions of the day, and prompt to express his opinion through the ballot-box. He died at his residence near Chandler- ville, Illinois, April 7, 1846, at the age of forty-nine years. His widow survived him about thirty years, and to her was left the task of educating a large family of children, and of managing the many interests of an extensive farm. She was successful in set- tling up the estate to advantage, showing great energy and executive ability. She removed an incumbrance on the farm in a very short time, and thus succeeded in saving the place intact for the family. Two or three years after the death of her husband she removed to Jacksonville, Illinois, to educate her children, where they received a good training. A short time before her death she changed her resi- dence to her daughter's, Mrs. J. H. Goodell, at Chaudlerville, where she died October 5, 1874, aged seventy-nine years. Mr. and Mrs. Sewall had two sons and four daughters, as follows: Henry M., born near Warrenton, Virginia, March 6, 1823, educated at Illinois College, Jacksonville, married Mrs. Ann E. Clark, formerly Miss Higgins, ISTovember 22, 1849, and settled on a part of his father's farm, where he died May 3, 1850, aged twenty- seven years. At his father's death, although a Methodist, he was chosen Superintendent of the Congregational Sunday-school, at the age of twenty-three, to fill his father's place. After tilling that place for a year or two he was appointed Class-leader in his own church, which position he filled until his death. He had one son. Catharine T. H., born near Warrenton, Virginia, November 6, 1825, educated at Monticello Seminary, mai-ried Robert Cole, a farmer of Cass county, and died November 5, 1854, having had three sons and two daugh- ters. Susan E., born in Harrison county, West Virginia, July 29, 1829, graduated at Jack- sonville (Illinois) Female Academy in 1851, married in 1867 Abiel Fry, Sheriff of Mus- catine county, Iowa, and after his death mar- ried, in 1878, Rev. William Barnes of Jack- sonville, at one time pastor of the Congre- gational Church at Chaudlerville; she is now a widow, residing at Jacksonville, with no children. William W., born in Jacksonville, Feb- ruary 11, 1832, graduated at the Illinois College, same city, in 1856, and from that time until 1885 made his home at Virden, this State, where he married Susan E. Cox, in 1858. Enlisting in the Union army during the last war, he served three years, engaging with his regiment in a number of important battles; was severely wounded at the capture of Mobile. After the war he established the North Star Flouring mill, and was for seven- teen years a joint proprietor of the same. For many years he was successively Deacon, Trustee and Ruling Elder of his church, the Presbyterian. He now resides at Carthage, Missouri, having two sons and two daughters. Mary M., born near Chandlerville, July 15, 1834, educated at Jacksonville Female Academy and married Addison I,. Cole, in 1853. She resided on a part of her father's 45S BIOGRAPHICAL BEVIBW OF CASS, farm, where she died April 16, 1857. She had five sods. Harriet A., born near Chandlerville, April 4, 1838, educated at Jacksonville Female Academy, married in 1865 John H. Goodell, a lumber merchant of Chandlerville, where she still resides, having three sous and three daughters. -^ ^^«- fOHN HENRY CARLS is a general farmer and stock-raiser, living on sections 24 and 25, township 17, range 12. He was born in Hanover, Germany. December 23, 1831. He grew up in his native prov- ince, a farmer boy, but at last decided to come to America. Not wishing to cross the sea alone to the new country, just before he sailed he was married to a neighbor girl whose maiden name was Mary Yoost. She came of a good German family, and proved to him a good wife. Immediately after marriage they took passage at Bremen on the sailing vessel Theodore Connor, and landed in New Orleans after a passage of eleven weeks. From there they went up the Mississippi river to St. Louis and thence to Beardstown. Mr. Carls' ambition was to become a farmer, and he and his wife began in a small way have been very successful. In 1845 he first purchased forty acres of land, and has since increased his possessions until he has now 240 acres here, and 200 acres in an adjoining township. He has im- proved the land very much, and has erected excellent buildings. Mr. and Mrs. Carls are members of the Lutheran Church, and are regarded as very excellent citizens. Mr. Carls is a Republi- can in politics. He and his wife have ten children, two deceased. Lizzie was the wife of Charles Meyer, but died in the prime of life, and Henry died when two years old. The living children are: William, a farmer in Morgan county, married to Anna Hagener; Mary, wife of "William Talkemeyer, of this township; Lena married Gustaff Anoldi, a farmer in this county ;Anna married William Uush, a farmer in Morgan county; Harmon, a farmer in Cass county, married Katie Uush; Tilda married William Jockisch, a farmer in Morgan county; George, farmer in thiscounty, married Dora Linker; and Carrie married William Lovecamp, a farmer in Cass county. They are among the best of our German citi- zens, and are highly respected by all who know them. I^IRAM M. BACON of Huntsville set- tled in Schuyler county in 1863. He was born in Hancock county, August 12, 1836. He was a son of Benjamin and Elizabeth (Brevard) Bacon, natives of South and Nortli Carolina. Mr. Bacon, Sr., came West in an early day, and first went to Missouri and then to Illinois and settled in Hancock county in 1835, being one of the pioneers of Augusta. He was a merchant at an early day at Pulaski, later entered land and engaged in farming. He had over 1,000 acres of land. His death occurred in 1860, aged sixty-five years. His wife survived him some twenty years, and was over eighty years old when she died. They had nine children: Alvin G.; Robert; Lam ira, deceased; LoisE., deceased; Benjamin F., deceased; Margaret C, Hiram, William H. and Mary E. He was reared on a farm in Pulaski, and followed farming as his occupation. In 1863 he settled in Birmingham, and has since resided there, and at Huntsville. He fol- aOHUTLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 459 lowed farming until 1885, then engaged in business at Huntsville, which he continued three years. Since which time he has not been engaged in active business. He owns 180 acres of land. He was married at Hnntsville in 1861, to Miss Emily Louisa Everson, a daughter of Nathan and Cynthia (Cooley) Everson, of New York State. She was born in New York. Mr. and Mrs. Bacon have one daugh- ter, Hila L., married to David E. McCreevy, of Huntsville. They are Methodists in re- ligion, and Mr. Bacon is an ardent Republi- can in politics. He and his wife are valuable members of society. ^ '^ WILLIAM TALKEMEYEE is a suc- cessful farmer of Arenzville, nowliv- i-^^j>Ti ing on his own fine farm, section 23, township 17, range 12. He was born near Arenzville, this county, in 1849. He grew up and obtained all the education possible in the common school. His father, William Talkeraeyer, was a native of Prussia, Germany, and was the first member of his family to come to this country. He came some time in the '30s, landing in New Orleans, and was engaged as a Mississippi boatman. Later he came to Beardstown and engaged in farm- ing, purchasing his first land in Arenzville. About 1855 he purchased a good farm, the same now occupiedby our subject. Here Mr. and Mrs. Talkemeyer, Sr., lived and worked hard, and by honest, economical living, man- aged to obtain 240 acres. Here they spent their last years, Mr. Talkemeyer dying in 1878, aged seventy, and his wife about 1850, when our subject was only a year old. She was a Miss Duvall, who was born and reared in Germany, but came to the United States when a young woman. She and her husband were both members of the Lutheran Church, and he had been a Republican. William was one of four children: himself and a Mrs. Lizzie Crone, of this county, are all that are now living. He was married, near Arenzville, to Miss Mary Carles, who was born, reared and edu- cated in Cass county, and was the daughter of J. Henry Carles (see biography). Mrs. Talkemeyer is a fine woman, and has proved herself a good wife and mother, and is very highly respected throughout the community. They have five children; one, George, having died when young; Elizabeth, wife of Henry Bill Smith, a farmer in Morgan county; Lucy, William Henry, H. Robert and Harry are at home. The political faith of Mr. Talkemeyer is Republican, and he and his wife are highly regarded members of the Lutheran Church. Mr. Talkemeyer's present farm consists of 600 acres, very well improved and watered by Indian and Bear creeks. He has been very successful, and has everything in first-class order around him. SAAC MEATS was born in England, in 1836, December 9, in Herefordshire, ^ son of Isaac and Elizabeth (Lawford) Meats. Isaac, Sr., was born in 1812 and was a farmer. Marrying in 1842, he turned his face for the United States, sailing from Liver- pool. Landing in New York he went from there to Chicago, and from there to the Mis- sissippi river, down which he sailed until he came to St. Louis and landed at Griggsville. The trip from Liverpool to New York took five weeks. Mr. Meats brought his wife and four children with him and five more were 460 BIOORAPHWAL REVIEW OF 0A8S, added to the family after arrival in this country. Mr. Meats first rented in Elkhorn township until 1863 and then bought ninety acres in Hancocli county, where he lived un- til 1868, and then sold out and moved to Woodford county, Kansas, and bought 300 acres of land partly improved. He later sold that and traveled in California for a month or two, then went to Benton county, Oregon, and bought a small farm, where he lived in retirement until his death, at the age of seventy-four years. His wife was born in the same place as he, and she still lives in Benton county, Oregon, with her son, Will- iam. Mr. and Mrs. Meats, Sr., were mem- bers of the Methodist Episcopal Church for years. Mr. Meats was an old-line Whig and later a Republican. He first voted the Re- publican ticket for John C. Fremont. Isaac C. Meats, Jr., lived at home until he was twenty-six years old, working on the farm. He enlisted in 1861, September 5, in Company I, Thirty-third Illinois Infantry. He was mustered out November 24, 1865, at Yicksburg. Mr. Meats receives a pension for injuries received which confined him in a hospital and from which he has never re- covered. Part of the time Mr. Meats served in special detached service. After he was discharged at Fort Butler, in 1865, he re- turned home and spent the winter visiting. In the next spring he went to Hancock and resided there for two years, and in 1869 moved to his present farm and rented for several years. He was so well satisfied with the land that he bought 185 acres, known as the old Winslow farm. Here lie has lived ever since. He has been a Com- missioner for six years, succeeding Mr. Mc- Donald. He has also held various other of- fices, among which was Trustee for several years. He was married, March 4, 1866, to Mar- tha Ingram, born in Pike county, April 17, 1842, a daughter of Henry and Paulina (Kingston) Ingram. The former was born in Smith county, Tennessee, December 1, 1815. He came with his parents to Illinois and settled in Pike county, in 1856; from there he moved to Brown county and bought a farm in Elkhorn township, of 200 acres. Here he died, January 7, 1890. He was a son of John and Rachel Ingram, also of Tennessee, who came here in 1850 and died when very old people. Mrs. Meats was one of six children. The fatnily were all me- chanics. Mr. and Mrs. Meats had eight children, Mary E. residing in Hancock county; George is at home; Fred J. is also at home; Jessie, deceased; Nellie; Francis; Dollie and Ralph. Mr. Meats is a member of the G-. A. R. of Versailles. The family are attendants of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Meats is a member of the I. O. O. F., Irene Lodge, No. 72, at Versailles, and has held different oflUces in the order. He is a Democrat in politics and voted for S. A. Douglas. He and his wife are highly respected members of the township in which they live. 'HEODORE SCHAAR, dealer in guns and manufacturer of adjustable screens of his own patent, doing business in Beardstown, Illinois, was born in the Prov- ince of Poseu in Prussia, where he grew up and was educated. From the time he was a small boy, he began to be educated in his native language, and also in that of Latin, French and English in the college of his native town, graduating from it when he was seventeen years of age. He is the son SGEU7LER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 461 of Carl Schaar, also a native of Posen, who spent his life there and died when an old man. He was a skilled musician and a manufacturer of all kinds of musical instru- ments, being so known in his native country. He had taught his children the art of music, and our subject has been a successful and skilled teacher on different instruments. His mother, whose maiden name was Willhel- minaBorkenhagen, lived and died in her Prus- sian home, having been a good wife and mother. Theodore was the first of the family to come to this country, but he has since been joined by his brother, Charles, now* a music dealer on State street, Chicago. He came to this city in 1861 and has since been a resi- dent of the place. His adjustable screens are sold extensively to the trade and he employs some eight or ten nien aU the time. This business was establistied two years ago and has been built up successfully. He^S one of the leading public-spirited men of E^eardsr town, holding the office of Alderman, with which he has before been honored. He is a member of the Board of Equalization of the Twelfth Congressional district, and he has filled that office with credit to, himself and ac- ceptably to his cqnstitueiits. He has taken an aptive part in local politics, having been a delegate to the Congressional and county con- Yentions. He returned to his native land in 1.871, and came back to Beard stown after a pleasant visit. He was piarripd in 1870, to Miss Johanna ^ulhen. She was born in Posen and was there reared and educated. She and her brother Fred, a farmer in Colorado, are the pnly members of the family now living in this country. Mr. and Mrs. Schaar have two children: Clara, wife of W. T. Quirk, now a train dispatcher of Jacksonville, on the Jack- si sonville Southeastern railroad. Mrs. Quirk was educated in music in a conservatory in Chicago, and was a teacher until her mar- riage. Martha, a recent graduate of the high school at Beardetown, is the other daughter. Mrs. Schaar and the children are members of the Lutheran Church. Mr. Schaar has stood by the Democratic party, in whose ranks he has been a leader ever since he came to the United States. ,0N. LEWIS D. ERWIN, formerly of the Illinois State Legislature, now liv- ing in retirement in Rashville, was born in Plattsburg, New York, July 1, 1815. His parents were Cornelius M-and Lucinda (Fair- man) Erwin, both natives of Vermont, the former having been horn in Fairhaven, Rut- land county, and the latter being a daughter of James Fairman, a man of some promi- nence in his State. David Erwin, paternal grandfather of the subject of this sketch, was a native of New- ark, New Jersey, and was an able soldier in the Revolutionary war. He was with General Washington at the second crossing of the Delaware river and at the retaking of Tren- ton. He afterward went from his native town to Fairhaven, Vermont, where he estab- lished a nail factory. In 1804, he removed to Franklin county. New York, engaging in the lumber business near Westville, and there spent the rest of his days. His wife, formerly Catherine Munson, and a native of New Jersey, also died in Franklin county. Cornelius M. Erwin removed with his par- ents to New York State, and was engaged with his father in the lumber business in Franklin county. He was a resident of Plattsburg until the breaking out of the war 462 BIOQBAPRICAL REVIEW OF 0A8S, of 1812, when he entered the service and was assigned to the Quartermaster's Depart- ment. In 1830 he removed to Ohio, then the frontier of civilization, locating in Birming- ham, where he operated a sawmill, the coun- try abounding with excellent timber. Four years later he went to Toledo, then a mere village, where he worked at blacksmithing for a short time, later engaging in the gro- cery business, in which latter occupation he continued until his death in March, 1837. His devoted wife died in Birmingham, Ohio, in August, 1833. They were the parents of six children: Catherine, David, Eliza, Lewis D., George W. and Phoebe. Lewis D., whose name heads this bio- grapy, remained with his father, assisting him at the forge until he was twenty-one years of age, when he commenced life on his own account, engaging in clerking. He re- sided in the Buckeye State until 1839, when he removed to Illinois, making the journey by team, through a wild and sparsely settled country. He secured a position as clerk in Erie, then a small town on the Illinois river, in Schuyler county, which was quite a thriv- ing little center. In 1841 he purchased his land in Schuyler county, near Littleton, on which he engaged in farming. Ten years later, he came to Rushville, which has ever since been his home. Mr. Erwin was married in 1843, to Elvira "Wells, an estimable lady, and a daughter of Charles and Elizabeth Wells. They had eleven children: David D.; Catherine; Ma- tilda; Eliza; Elizabeth L. ; Emma; Lewis D., born in 1859 and died in 1887; George L.; AnnaC. ; Sophie B.; and Edward, who died in infancy. In 1875 the family was called upon to mourn the loss of the devoted wife and mother, who had subordinated her interests to their welfare. She was a woman of rare Christian character, and much es- teemed in her community. The subject of this sketch cast his first vote for Martin Van Buren, ever since which time he has supported the principles of the Democracy. Being a leading man his constituents have conferred upon him various ofBces of trust and honor, the duties of which have been discharged with ability and fidelity. In 1844 he was appointed Deputy Sheriff, and in 1850 was elected Sheriff. In 1852, he was made Circuit Clerk, to which position he was re-elected in 1854. In 1846 he was elected a member of the Illinois State Legis- lature, his efforts in that body receiving uni- versal commendation, as shown by his re- election to the same position in the years of 1856, 1858 and 1860, thus serving five ses- sions, including the extra session at the breaking 6nt of the war. Such universal endorsement makes further encomiums on his character and qualifica- tions unnecessary, as they are so plainly in- dicated that " he who runs may read." »»- r|ARCUS WHETSTONE was born in BWr -^"i^™^ county, Illinois, March 6, i^^ 1838, son of Abija and Lucinda (Brunton) Whetstone, the former born in 1804, in Ohio, near Cincinnati, following farming when a young man. His father I'an a distillery near Cincinnati, where he died. Abija was married in 1832 and then moved to Indiana, where he worked on a farm for twenty-four years. In 1834 he sold out and came to Illinois and rented in Adams county and later bought wild land on which stood ^ log cabin, where they lived until three years later, when he built a frame house. He lived there until 1853 and then came to this county aCBUTLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 463 for three years, returning to Adams at the end of that time. He bought the farm where Marcus now lives, in 1850. He died in Mis- aonri, at the home of a daughter, aged eighty- one years. His father, Nathan, was in the war of 1812. Subject's mother was born in Pennsylvania and came with her parents to Ohio at an early date, and later to Indiana. ,In 1834 she came to Illinois and settled in McDonough county, later, moved to near Quincy where her mother died, aged eighty years, her father dying at her home, aged ninety years. Mrs. Whetstone is still living with her oldest child in Augusta, Illinois. She and her husband had eleven children, seven yet living. All are farmers as far as known, although one of her brothers is a school teacher, having followed that profes- sion all his life, and one of her daughters fol- lows the same profession. Marcus' people came overland to this State with teams and four yoke of oxen. Mr. Whetstone, Sr., had but very little cash when he came to Illinois, but he was industrious and soon had his farm paid for. He and his wife were church going people and active in any good work, he being instrumental in building several chnrches and schoolhouses. He started with eighty acres of land, but kept buying more until at his death he had nearly 1,300 acres. He was a good, hard-working man. Marcus remained at home until twenty years of age, working on the farm, driving oxen and attending the district school in the winter. When he was nine years old he broke prairie and has been one of the hardest- working men in this county. When he had reached the age of twenty he rented the farm on which he now lives, from his father. There were no improvements but the house which was built in 1854. He originally had 160 acres which his father gave him, and he has added to this farm until he has 740 acres of as fine land as there is in central Illinois. He has made numerous improvements on this land. He was married in 1863, to Clara Tare, who was born in Schuyler county, daughter of Jacob and N^ancy (Buck) Tare, natives of Ohio, who came to Illinois in 1834, and died in this county. Mrs. Whetstone was one of eight children, seven yet living. Her family were generally farmers, except a few who were mechanics. Mr. and Mrs. Whetstone have had eight children, four living, Mary E., married to W. E. Melvin and tliej' have three children: Mattie F., Hattie E. and James G. at home. They are all well educated and graduated from the Augusta and Bushnell schools. Mr. Whetstone cast his tirst vote for S. A. Doug- las and his next one for Abraham Lincoln, He is a Republican and his family were of the Democratic faith, being old-line Andrew Jackson men. He has filled the office of Supervisor for nine years and has also held other ofiices, among which are Justice of the Peace and Assessor, the former for eight years and the latter tor three. He also has been a School Director. Both Mr. and ^.vb. Whet- stone are attendants at the Methodist Ohnrch, of which she is a member. The fanqily are ^moiig the mo?t respeicted and honored in the county, and the eutire fan::|ily are upright in their dealings, cqmnqanding tl^e respect of all who know them. HOMAS W. WATTS, the oldest and leading merchant of Huntsville, is numbered among the pioneers of 1838. He was born in Scott county, Kentucky, No- vember 5, 1834. His father, Simeon Watts, 464 BIOGBAPRICAL REVIEW OF OASS, was also a native of Scott county, being born in 1806. He was a farmer, and in 1829 married Harriet D. Scott, and resided in Ken- tucky until 1838, when he removed to Illi- nois and settled on a farm near Rushville, where he purchased land, and resided there about five years, and then removed to Brown county and settled on a farm, four miles north of Mt. Sterling, where he pursued farm- ing until 1878, when he removed to Hunts- ville, where he passed hia remaining years and died in 1886. His wife died in Huuts- ville in 1890. They had nine children, of whom eight grew up. Mary Smith resides in Huntsville township; John F. also resides there; Horace W. resides in Greensburg, Kansas; Simeon was a rnember of the Chris- tian Church and his wife was a member of the Missionary Baptist Church. He was a poor man when he left Kentucky, but be- came a successful farmer in Illinois. He had a well improved farm of 240 acres and dealt considerably in real estate. Thomas was reared and educated in Illi- nois. He was raised a farmer, but in 1859 he engaged* as a clerk in a stqre in Rushville, where he stayed live years. He then went to Des Moines, Iowa, where he loaned money and also operated a shingle and lath mi|l, and while thus engaged lost one finger of his right hand. He then went to Mt. Pleasant, Brown county, Illinois, where he became a merchant, but in 1866 he resumed his busi- ness in Huntsville, where he has since con- tinued. His brother, Horace, was his partner for some ten years in a large general store. He owns eighty acres of land near Hunts- ville, also 320 acres in Hall county, Ne- braska, 160 in Kiowa county, Kansas, and 160 in Grrant county, Kansas. He also is the owner of good property in Huntsville at Wood river, Nevada, at Ford City and Hunt- ington, Indiana, most of which is well im- proved, and he has made all of this himself. He was married in 1859 to Nancy A., daughter of Isaiah and Mary (McCarl) Lew- ton, who were pioneers of Huntsville town- ship. Mr. and Mrs. Watts have five children: William O., Secretary of the Building and Loan Association of Huntington, Indiana; Laura Snyder of Caldwell, Kansas; Fred L., at home; Salena Denny, of Augusta, Illinois, and Frank, still at home. In politics Mr. Watts is a Democrat and has held local office, but only takes enough interest in polities to perform duty as a citizen. His business re- quires all his time. He is a prominent mem- ber of the Methodist Episcopal Church and a very successful man in every way. ^ ^ ^AIJLIN CAMPBELL, a successful farmer and truck raiser, was born in Gloucester county. New Jersey, Octo- ber 14, 1849. His father, David, was a native of New Jersey, who was the son of Thomas, who was born, lived and died in the same State. He was a successful farmer and he had built up a large property and had given his children all a farm together, and thg place was known as Campbelltown. David grew up in his native State and became a promi- nent man in a local way. He was successful in life as a farmer, truck grower and lumber man, furnishing lumber to house builders in that community. He ga^e liberally toward the upbuilding of the Methodist Church and was Steward in it for many years. He died at his home about twelve years ago. His wife had been Ann E. Nelson. Her ancestry was similar to that of her husband's and she lived and died at her home, her death occurring in SGHVYLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 465 1870. She was a good wife and mother and was devoted to the Methodist Church. Paulin is one of six children and grew up in his father's business. When twenty-one years of age he came to Illinois and has since Hved in Cass county. Mr. Campbell makes a specialty of sweet potatoes. He owns a good farm of 120 acres, in section 7, town- ship 18, range 11. He has been in the county since 1872, has lived on his farm since 1880, and has owned it since 1882. He was married in this county, to Miss Jen- nie Johnson, born near Brighton, Illinois. She was educated chiefly in New Jersey. Her father was Samuel Johnson, who grew up a farmer in New Jersey, and soon after his marriage to Ann E. Hiles, who came to Illinois and settled on a farm near Brighton. He there engaged in farming, but was ac- cidentally killed while pressing hay. His wife is yet living, the wife of John Elliott. Mr. and Mrs. Campbell are prominent yoiiDg people, the parents of one bright boy of eleven, named Boy. fRANS H. D. KBTTSE was born in East Friesland, Germany, in 1821. His father, Dierk Kruse, son of George Kruse, was born in the same place. The father of the present subject learned the trade of millwright and followed it in his native land. He bought several important mills-ites erected mills and set them in successful opera- tion, and sold them. In 1835, he came to America, in the Virginia, a ship sailing from Bremen, bringing with him his sons, Frans H. B. and Sunke M., and landed in New York, July 4. From there he went to Albany, by way of the Hudson river, thence across to Schenec- tady, and by Erie canal to Buffalo, thence by lake to Cleveland and from there by land and the Ohio river to Cincinnati. He afterward went West into Illinois to Beardstown, and a few months afterward bought a mill on Sugar creek, ten miles east of Rushville. Six months later he sold the mill and bought a small farm two and one half miles east of Rushville and turned his attention to farming. Here he resided for eight years, when he re- turned to the old country. Some years after- ward he returned to America and settled in Texas, remaining there five years. He after- ward came to Illinois and bought a farm in McDonough county. This farm was ex- changed for a farm five miles southwest of Rushville in Woodstock township, where he lived until his death in 1860. The mother of the subject of this sketch was Hiske J. Miller. She was a native of the same country as her husband, and spent her entire life there. She had five children, all of whom grew to manhood, the present subject being the youngest, who was in his fourteenth year when he came to Illinois with his father. The country was but sparsely settled at that time, and some of the land was still owned by the Government. Frans assisted his father at the mill and afterward in cleaning out the farm. As the land was heavily timbered they were able to build a small frame house on it. In 1843 he bought the farm of his father and has had his residence here ever since. Good, substantial buildings have since been erected upon it, and the farm is in a high state of cultivation. He married, in December, 1843, Elizabeth C. Garrett, who was born in Georgetown, Scott county, Kentucky, in April, 1824. Her father, Thomas Garrett, was born in Dela_ware and was the son of David Garrett, who lived for many years on the line between that State and 466 BIOGRAPHIOAL REVIEW OP 0AS8, Pennsylvania and spent his last days there. The father of Mrs. Kruse went to Kentucky when a young man, and married in Lexing- ton, Susanah Wigert, who was born in Mary- land and went with her parents to Kentucky, while she was an infant. After her marriage she removed to Georgetown with her hus- band, and some years later again removed with him to Illinois by way of the Cumber- land, Ohio and Mississippi rivers. Mr. Gar- rett made several removals in Illinois and spent the last few years of his life near Browning, Schuyler county. The mother of Mrs. Krnse survived her husband for many years, and died at the residence of a younger daughter, who was a resident of Nebraska, at the advanced age of ninety-one years. ^ Ef fACOB 1). GERRISH, born in Brown county, Illinois, March 12, 1861, is the son of Sewall and Elizabeth (Grove) Gerrish. He owns part of his father's farm, and lives with his mother. In politics he is a Democrat. His father, Bewail Gerrish, was born in Boscawen, New Hampshire, March 18, 1809; came to Brown county Sep- tember 8, 1836; ran a sawmill on McGee creek, and later was a farmer. He was a Democrat in his political faith, and held several township offices. He was married January 8, 1846, to Elizabeth Grove, who was born in Virginia, February 22, 1825. Sewall Gerrish died May 17, 1879. He was the son of Lieutenant Stephen and Hannah (Ames) Gerrish. His father, born April 16, 1770, died November 11, 1815. He in- vented the first practical auger for boring logs and pumps, also the attachment of the screw to the pod auger. "With his father he used to make the mill saws and cranks on the common forge. He was one of the first in New Hampshire to make cut nails. February 7, 1796, he married Hannah, daughter of Lieutenant Samuel Ames; she was born January 14, 1776, and died Novem- ber 18, 1834. Stephen Gerrish was the son of Colonel Henry and Martha (Clough) Ger- rish. His father, born May 3, 1742, died May 16, 1806; married Martha, daughter of Jeremiah Clough, November 10, 1763. She was born November 10, 1743, and died October 15, 1826. Henry Gerrish was the son of Captain Stephen and Joanna (Hale) Gerrish. His father, born January 22, 1711, died in 1788, in Boscawen, New Hampshire. He married Joanna Hale, July 15, 1741, who was born in June, 1715, and died in 1792. Stephen Gerrish was the son of Colonel Joseph and Mary (Little) Gerrish. Colonel Joseph lived in Newbury, Massachusetts, and was a member of the Colonial Legislature twenty years. He married Mary Little, February 26, 1703. She was born March 20, 1682, and died January 1, 1765. Joseph Gerrish was the son of Colonel Moses and Jane (Sewall) Gerrish. Colonel Moses Gerrish, born in Newbury, Massachu- setts, May 9, 1656, married Jane, daughter of Rev. Henry Sewall, September 24, 1677. She was born in Badesly, England, October 25, 1658, and died in January, 1717; he died in 1694. Colonel Moses Gerrish was a son of Captain William and Joanna (Oliver) Gerrish. Captain William Gerrish was born in Bristol, England, August 20, 1617; came to New England in 1639, and settled that year in Newbury, Massachusetts; was the first captain of the military band in that town, and representative in 1650-'54; mar- ried Joanna Oliver, of Newbury, April 17, SCSUYLEB AND BROWN COUNTIES. 467 1645, who died June 14, 1677, and he moved to Boston in 1678. At the semi-centennial anniversary meeting of Boston, March 14, 1686, Captain Gerrish opened and closed the exercises witii prayer. He died in Salem, Massachusetts, August 9, 1687. Elizabeth (Grove) Gerrish, daughter of Joseph and Catharine (Staley) Grove, — he of Baltimore, Maryland, and she of Lynchburg, Virginia, — came to Illinois in 1826, settling in Sangamon county in 1828; came to Elk- horn township and entered land. She died iu 1846, and he was married a second time, to Elizabeth (Hunter) Clamp in 1851, and died in October, 1858. Mrs. Gerrish is one of twelve children. All are prosperous farm- ers, mostly in Missouri. Grandfather Jacob Grove was born in Pennsylvania, and died in Yirginia. His wife, Margaret (Garinger) Grove, was born in Virginia, and died in Maryland. Grand- father Stephen Staley died in Yirginia, and his wife, Barbary (Yeasley) Staley, died iu Virginia. She was born in Germany. Mrs. Gerrish was the mother of ten chil- dren; eight are yet living. Hannah married Fred Wenneker, and has four children, — ■ Frank F., Henry G., August C. and Katie M. Harriet married Samuel C. Gerrish, and has three children, — Nettie M., Harry E. and Carlos A. Martha married George E. Rich- ardson, and has five children, — Otis E., Josie L., Sewall H., George E. and Nina L. Sanluel S. married Addie. Hargus, and they have two children, — Myrtle C. and Loren E. Jose- phine married Joseph J. Moore, and they have six children, — Joseph G., Edith M., Frank G., Harlan E., Dallas J. and Mabel C. Mary E. married P. C. Sweeny, and has one child, — John. Jacob D. and Cynthia are at home. Her people came to America in 1717, and settled in Pennsylvania. The first was John Grove, who came from Holland,— a Quaker. Some were in the Bevolntionary war. The family belong to the Presby- terian Church, and are highly regarded in the county. IHRISTIAN S. KRUEGER, a farmer of sections 22, 3, and 14, township 17, range 12, was born on the farm he now owns in 1846. He was reared on this farm, and has since lived on it. His father, John; was a native of Hanover, Ger- many, who grew up and was married there to Mary Hendricker, of the same place. After the birth cif two children, in 1839 the family decided to come to America. They came from Bremen, and after many weeks, landed in New Orleans, coming from thence to BeardstOwn. He purchased the land where he lived and died, the latter event occurring August 11, 1873, in the seventy-fifth year of his age. He was a good, hard-working man, always very quiet and peaceable. He was a Lutheran, and embraced the Republican po- litical faith. His wife, who was also a good Lutheran, died at the age of sixty. Our subject is the younger of four living sons, a sister having died young. The chil- dren are: Henry, a farmer in Morgan county; John and Fred are farmers in Nemaha county, Kansas. Christian was married in Cass county, to Elizabeth Meyer, who was born May 10, 1853, iu this county, and was reared aud educated here. She was the daughter of Charles and Minnie (Rusch) Meyer, natives of Prussia, Germany, who came to the United States in the '40s, and made a settlement on a farm in section 17, Cass county, afterward selling that and buying land in range 17, township 468 BIOGBAPHIOAL' REVIEW OF CMS, 12, where they died, both past the age of sixty years. Mrs. Kruegei' is the youngest of her father's children, and she with the eldest, a brother, Charles H., a farmer in this county, are the only members of the family living. Mr. Krueger is a Eepublican, and he and his wife are active members of the Lutheran Church. They have eight children: Chris- tian v., Minnie K., Henry E., Charles F., Lydia N., John F., Amelia M. and Benj. H. Mr. Krueger now owns 160 acres of land, which he purchased from the heirs of his father's estate, having owned it eighteen years. He has improved it, and is considered one of the most success ful farmers of the county. fAMES M. BEAD was born in Birming- ham township, October S, 1842. He was the son of Amasa Efead, who was born in Massachusetts, and Jane, nee Hender- son of Ohio. The grandfather, with two brothers, came to America from England when they were young men, and followed farming. Amasa and two brothers came to Ohio at a very early day, and settled at Xenia. In 1837 Amasa sold out his land, and with a wagon came overland to this county. He traded his team to some men to build him a house. In 1837 he went back and brought his family and settled on the farm where our subject now lives. When he came back the house was not finished, and he was obliged to rough it for nine months without doors or windows. The most of the children were born in this old log house. James was one of six children, three yet living. His father died in the old log house five years after coming here at the age of sixty-six years, and his wife died in 1890, aged eighty years. Amasa Read ran a clock factory in Ohio, and when he first came to Illinois he started a nursery. He was an old- line Whig, and voted for William Henry Harrison. James remained at home until his mar- riage, January 3, 1871, to Sophia King, daughter of Louis and Harriet King, who came to Huntsville, Illinois, in 1838 or 1839, and are still living. Up to the time of his marriage, James worked at home, attended the district school, and went one year to Abingdon Seminary. John Brown, of Harper's Ferry fame, was an own cousin of Mr. Read. Mr. and Mrs. Read have five children: EflBe M., Ellen J. and Eliza S., now in school at Augusta, and preparing for col- lege; George M. and James M., are both at home. After his marriage he still lived on the old farm where he had bought out all of the heirs. Later he sold eighty acres, leaving him 240 at present. He has built a fine house and barn, and has as good a farm as is in the county, on which he raises a good deal of stock. He voted first for Lincoln, and has been a Re- publican ever since. Mr. and Mrs. Read attend the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr . Read joined the Methodist Episcopal Church at the age of nineteen. His sister, Eliza J., at the age of twenty-six taught kindergarten in Chicago, and is now the wife of Rev. J. T. Sunderland. Mr. Read has a delightful family and a very fine home. ?OHN SCHULTZ, of the firm of Schultz &Baujan, proprietors of the Home Mills and Elevator, located on the south bank of the Illinois river, where they do a large business, was born in Bavaria, in the Rhine province, on the river Rhine, June 1, 1849. 80HUTLER AND BROWN G0UNTIE8. 469 He learned his trade of wagon and carriage maker before he left for America in the sum- mer of 1860. He proceeded to Eeardstown, joining his sister, Mrs. Anton Eiuk, who had come before. The father of our subject was a native of Germany, and died there when sixty. He was a farmer and small land-owner, and married a German lady. Miss Margaret Caalmann, who died when forty-eight. She had six children. Mr. Schultz began in Beardstown as a car- riage and wagon maker. He then became a dealer in wines and liquors for three years. His present business is successfully carried on by himself and the two sons of his old partner, Mr. Baujan, who took their father's place when he died in 1890. Their brands of flour are represented by traveling men and they do business all over the State. The mills have a capacity of 200 barrels per day, and the elevator of 80,000 bushels. They have warehouses also at Spring Bluffs and other places. The mills have nine sets of rollers and are run by steam power. Their main brands are Sunbeam and Sea Foam. It was started in 1875, under the firm name of Bau- jan & Company. Mr. Schultz is also connected with other local enterprises, being a stockholder in the First National Bank and the Beardstown Electric Light & i'ower Company, and a director in both. He has been a leader in many other enterprises that have affected the welfare of the city. He was married in Beardstown to Miss Eosa A. Baujan, who was born and reared in Cass county. They have four children : Harry, now dead; Olive A., Etta A., Alfred C. Mrs. Schultz is a member of the Eoman Catholic Church. Mr. Schultz is a strong Democrat and has been Alderman of the city, and also delegate to the State Congressional Commit- tee. He is a member of the order A. O. U. W., and has filled the chairs. He has been sent to the Grand Lodge. AYLOE L. SMITH, Superintendent of the Eailroad Bound House at Beards- town for the St. Louis & iiock Island di- vision of the Chicago Burlington & Quincy, was born near Zanesville, Ohio. His father, James Smith, was a native of Pennsylvania, of Dutch ancestry. He had grown up in his native county of Washington, at which place his father, William Smith, had followed the occupation of butcher. Later he came to Ohio and there lived and died at Newark, Licking county. It was there that his son James had settled and engaged in the butcher business. He had married Miss Elizabeth Leggett in Pennsylvania. After settling in Newark they became prominent in society, and Mrs. Leggett died there when she was forty-three. Mr. Smith was married a sec- ond time to Miss Lotta Frink, in Ohio, and in 1887 moved to Butler, Bates county, Mis- souri, and are now living there, Mr. Smith still actively engaged in the meat-markel, busi ness. They are good, hard-working people. Taylor L. is the third child of six chil- dren, all married and prominent persons in life. He grew up an industrious, hard-work- ing boy, and earned his bread by his own per- sonal endeavors. He was reared near the place of his birth, and later became an appren- tice to a firm selling portable and stationary engines at Newark, Ohio. Three years after- ward, he became connected with the Baltimore & Ohio Eailroad. He came to Beardstown a number of years ago, began in the machine shops and being a practical machinist and 470 BIOaBAPHWAL REVIEW OP CMS, good workman, soon became overseer of the engine repair shops. He was engaged there for more than three years, when he was pro- moted to the round house and has since been thus connected, having some twenty- five men under him, besides having to direct about one hundred engineers. He has held this office for two years. He has been very successful, and owns a comfortable home in Eeardstown. He was married in Newark, Ohio, to Miss Mary Dalton of Newark, a very intelligent lady, the daughter of Michael and Mary Dal- ton, now living in Newark, both in the GOs. Mr. and Mrs. Smith are the parents of four children: Maybell, Edith, Anna and Warren, all at home. Mr. and Mrs. Smith are promi- nent in Beardstown society. Mr. Smith is a Master Mason and is a member of Arch Lodge No. 16, I. O. O. F., also of the Knights of Pythias lodge. No. 207. He is a Kepublican in politics and a genial, pleasant gentleman. kOSES HAKBISON, an intelligent and progressive farmer of Cass ^^?5* county, Illinois, numbered among the substantial men of this section, was born in Barren, now Metcalfe county, Kentucky, September 3, 1831. His parents were Adam B. and Hannah (Rhea) Harbison, the former a native of Vir- ginia, who, when a young man, operated different mills and also did teaming. In 1831, he came to Illinois with his wife's people, although at the time unmarried, his union taking place in the latter State. Accom- panied by his wife, he shortly afterward re- turned to Kentucky, where they resided for a year or two, after which they removed to Washington county, Missouri, in which place he farmed for about five years. He then sold out and returned to Illinois, settling in Mason county, where he entered 200 acres of good land, and built a log house. Here he died two years later, at the comparatively early age of forty-four years. He was twice niarried, his first wife being the mother of the subject of this sketch. She died on the farm in Missouri, at the early age of twenty-three years, leaving three small children to the care of her bereaved husband. The subject of this sketch is the only sur- vivor of these children. He lived at home until his father's death, after which his stepmother bound him out to a farmer. Two years later, however, at the age of thirteen years, he took " French leave," and started out in life for himself. He first worked for $2.50 a month, which was in 1845. At the end of five months, he bought a sow and pig, which was his first speculation in pork. Out of his small income, he provided them with corn, and, like Jacob's kine, they waxed strong and beautiful. This was only the beginning of his schemes for advancement. In 1848 he rented sixteen acres of land, which, with one horse, he started to improve. The following year, he bought another horse, and thus continued to rent land and work it until 1853, when he and a brother came to where our subject now lives, and bought 160 acres of land. An old bouse was on the place and ninety acres were under cultiva- tion. This land they industriously improved, and, in 1868, Mr. Harbison erected on it his present substantial farm house. He has re- cently sold some of his land, but still re- tains 342 acres, most of which is under culti- vation. He was first married, January 7, 1857, to Miss Mary A. Davis, an intelligent and energetic lady, and a native of Cass county. 80EUTLEB AND BROWN COUNTIES. 471 This union was destined to be of short dura- tion, the devoted wife and mother dying at the age of twenty-three years, leaving a child to the care of her bereaved husband, which afterward died, aged nineteen months. Her people were very old and esteemed settlers of this State. March 13, 1863, Mr. Harbison was again married, his second wife being Miss Lydia F. Mason, an estimable lady, and a native of Culpeper county, Virginia. She was a daughter of John and Emma (Milliner) Mason, also natives of the Old Dominion. They came to Illinois in 1856, settling first in Cass county, whence they removed to Joplin, Missouri, where the mother died, aged seventy years, the father still surviving. This worthy couple were the parents of eleven children, ten of whom are living. Mr. and Mrs. Harbison have ten children: Yirginia S., married and has one child, a daughter; Charles C, who is at home; Mary C. is married and has one son. The other children are still at home and are as follows: Arthur J., Robert F., Estella, Alice, Martha C, Emma and Nancy A. Politically, Mr. Harbison is a Democrat, and cast his first presidential vote for Gen- eral Pierce. His constituents have recog- nized his ability and integrity of character, and have sought to gain the benefit of these traits by electing him to various local offices. Id all of which he has served the best in- terests of the community. He has been an eificient member of the school board for twenty-two years, which fact of itself speaks volumes in favor of his excellent judgment and moral force of character. Mr. Harbison's life would furnish an in- spiration to many poor, young men, who, alone and unaided, are starting in life, with no compass by which to guide their course. Happy are they, if, like the subject of this sketch, they keep their eyes stedily fixed on the North Star of Truth, while industriously spreading their sails to the breezes of pros- perity, which will eventually waft them to -he desired haven of comfort and happiness. -i>-^e-^ '^ NATHANIEL H. BOONE, M. D.— This gentleman was born in Troup county, Georgia, June 6, 1886, and was the son of "William and Elizabeth (Bradford) Boone. He was a farmer in South Carolina, and died in Mississippi, aged forty-nine years. The mother of our subject was also born in South Carolina and died at the same place, aged seveuty-four. The subject of the present notice was one of ten children, three of whom are yet living. He remained under the parental roof until he was sixteen years of age, when occurred his father's death. He then was sent to an academy for several years at College Hill, and then to medical college at Nashville. He graduated at this college in 1860, and in 1861 he married Miss Cornelia Blackwell of Georgia, but Dr. Boone had met her at Pine Blufl!, where he had gone to practice. Her life was short, as her death occurred at the the age of twenty-three. Her two children died also. She was the daughter of James and Mary Blackwell of Georgia, who later removed to Pine Bluff, Arkansas, and there died, he at the age of fifty-five or sixty, and she about fifty years old. Our subject was mar- ried a second time September 25, 1870, to Miss Harriet H. Codington, who was born in Me- nard county, Illinois, December 21, 1838, and was the daughter of Joseph and Jane (Leeper) Codington. They were natives of Barren county, Kentucky, and he followed black- 472 BIOOBAPEWAL BEVIBW OF GAS8, smithing until in 1829 or 1830 he came to Illinois. He drove his stock and wagon and a carriage for the family, and first settled in Menard county, and took up Government land and then built a log cabin upon it. Here they lived for quite a time in a tent and in the log house, probably eight years. The father, Mr. Codington, brought three chil- dren with them and seven more were born here, and six of this family still live. His life extended to seventy-two years, and that of his wife to sixty-four years. The Coding- tons were of German ancestry, and on the mother's side a little Irish. Mrs. Boone says of those early times that the country was sparsely settled and wild game was abundant. Dr. Boone practiced medicine in Pine Bluflf, Arkansas, about three years, and in 1864, he sold out there and came North and settled in Ohandlerville, this county. Later, he bought land and kept on adding to it until now he farms over 1,700 acres in this State and in Kansas, and rents the most of it. He works a host of men and presents the unusual spectacle of a suc- cessful professional man vrho is also a success- ful farmer. Dr. Boone has taken no active part in poli- tics, but his first vote was for Bell, and since he has been a Democrat and a Prohibitionist. He has served the town for years in the town Council. He and his wife are members of the Christian Church, and the Doctor has been Superintendent of the Sunday-school for many years. Living with the subject, is his nephew, Howard B. Boone, who was born in Fayette county, Mississippi, May 30, 1870. He was the son of William Sanford and Ophelia (Watson) Boone. William S. Boone was born in the same place as our subject, March 6, 1841, and there died aged about thirty- five or forty years. His wife Ophelia still lives in Mississippi, on the old homestead. Howard B. is a very promising young man and medical student, and will receive every advantage the best medical colleges afford. E. NIEMANN, a successful dealer in wines and liquors at the corner of ® Washington and Main streets, in Beardstown, was born in West Darling, Prussia, Germany, April 17, 1832. He lost his father, Casper Niemann, who lived and died in his native province in Prussia. His death occurred in his sixty-seventh year. He had V)eeu a live-stock dealer and trader. His mother lived to come to this country with her children in 1859, where she spent her last days. She and her husband were consistent members of the Lutheran Churcb. Mr. Niemann came to Beardstown in 1859 and began as a poor man and has for twenty years been steamboating on the Mississippi river and for the last few years as mate. He has, however, always lived in Beardstown and been closely connected with the town in its growth. Since he came from Prussia, land- ing at New Orleans, he has lived to see the great changes come over the steamboating of the great rivers. He has been in his present business fourteen years. He was married in this city to Miss Eliza- beth Howard. She was born in Hanover, Germany, and was twenty years of age when she came to the United States. Her parents and relatives all died in her native country. Mr. and Mrs. Niemann have had eleven chil- dren, of whom only four are now living. They were among the first members and or- ganizers of the Lutheran Church at this aOHUTLEB, AND BROWN COUNTIES. 4' 3 place, to which they have always subscribed. He has always been a Republican in politics, but in no sense is he an office-seeker. He has many warm friends among his large circle of acquaintances. 4^-^( '^ fHEODORE FRANKEN FIELD.— The subject of this sketch was born Decem- ber 28, 1850, in Prussia, and was the son of Adolph and Johannes (Fielden) Frank- enfield, who were natives of the same place. The father was a soldier for thirty years. Our subject came to America when twenty- five years of age and was seventy-five days on the trip, and landed in the city of New York. He was a blacksmith by trade and worked at this business until he came to Illinois. His first change in this new country was from New York to Pennsylvania, and from there he went to various places until in 1861 he settled near where he now lives. He worked by the month and at his trade, and in June, 1863, he was married to Miss Catherine C. Morris, who was born on the farm where our subject now lives. She was born April 28, 1846, and was a daughter of Joshua and Nancy (Hickey) Morris. Her father came from Kentucky and settled here about 1830, locating in this township with his father and mother, Henry and Mary Morris, and lived and died here, aged about seventy years. The father of Mrs. Frankenfield was born in the year 1801 and lived until 1881. He was of Irish ancestry, and was proprietor of a frontier grocery store. He was one of the first of the pioneers of this section and lived in a primitive log house, but at his death he owned 700 acres of land to bequeath to hie family. He built the present home about eighteen years ago. He was a kind- hearted man, was very active in politics and was an ardent Republican. The gentleman of whom we write was one of five children, of whom he is probably the only survivor. He served four years in the German army and soon after his discharge came to America, where he has been a very successful man. He and his good wife have four living children, as follows; Joshua T. was born April 16, 1864, and is now married and the father of one boy; William E. was born September 28, 1866, and a girl is now the comfort of his home; Matilda 0. was born May 1, 1869, and now in her home has a boy and girl of her own ; Henry P. was born Sep- tember 27, 1876; and Frank, a lad of eleven years is dead. All the children received an education in the district school. Mr. Frankenfield believes in the principles of the Democracy and cast his first vote in this country for James Buchannan. He and all of his family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church and he has been very active in work in the church and Sunday- school. He has carried on a system of mixed farming and has 300 acres of land. He is a man who commands the respect of the whole neighborhood, and the family is one which has been very prominent among the pioneers of this grand old county. ffQHN W, MORRIS, a contractor and builder of Rushville, was born in Rock- ingham county, Virginia, April 8, 1832. His father, William Morris, was a native of Augusta county, the same State, and the father of the latter was a life-long resident of the Old Dominion. The father of John W. Morris was reared in Virginia, where he 474 BIOGRAPHIOAL REVIEW OP 0A88, learned the trade of a carpenter, a calling he followed there until 1833, when he emigrated to Ohio accompanied by his wife and six children, making the journey with teams. A year was spent at Lancaster, Fairfield county, when another migration was made, this time to Franklin county, where he purchased a tract of timber land near Groveport, where he resided ten years, all the time carrying on the business of contractor and builder, besides superin- tending the improvement of his farm. Sell- ing out again, he again took his family with him, settling in Delaware county, purchasing a farm near Centreville. He pursued farming until 1862, when the spirit of change again came over him, and he found a home in Grand Yiew, Edgar county, Illinois, where two daughters and one son continued to reside. He lived there, retired from business, until his death, which came peacefully in May, 1879, when he was seventy-seven years old. His wife's death preceded his a few months, she having passed away in February of the same year. Her maiden name was Eliza Palmer, and she was born in Virginia, and was the daughter of Kobert and Martha Palmer. She reared eight children : Harriet Stevenson, George, Charles L., James H., William B., John W., Jane F. and Caroline Cavendish. John was so young when his parents left Virginia that he has no recollection of his native place. He attended the public schools of Franklin and Delavan counties, and when not in school assisted his father at his trade and on the farm. He was a natural mechanic and gave evidence of skill with edged tools at a very early age. He did journeyman's work in Ohio until 1856, when he went to Grand View, Edgar county, where he re- mained until 1862, when he removed to Ful- ton county, following his trade at Marietta for two years. Mattoon, Coles county, was next his home, and then, in 1866, he removed to Rush vi He, where he engaged in mercantile pursuits for two and a half years; tiring of this he followed farming for two years, when, settling in Rushville, he began the business of contractor and builder, which he has con- tinued ever since. The principal business blocks of Rushville were erected by him, and they are so many monuments to bis skill and to the fidelity of his work. Mr. Morris was married in 1860, to Eliza- beth Cary, who was born in Ohio in 1840. His married life has been a happy one, and three living children bless their union, viz.: Mary C, Annie E. and Alice G. Two, Cary and Charles L., are deceased. Mr. Morris united with the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1859, and has continued since that time to be a consistent member of that body. In politics Mr. Morris is a Re- publican, earnestly advocating the measures of that party. ,EV. DANIEL A. BL08E, pastor of the First Congregational Church of Beards- town, was born in Indiana county, Pennsylvania, May 23, 1854. He was reared on his father's farm, and there remained until seventeen years of age, when he entered Covode academy in the same county, and a year later attended an academy in Armstrong county, and graduated in the class of 1875, and then entered the University of Lewis- burg, now known as Bucksnell University, and graduated there with the class of 1878, receiving 100 per cent, in all class examina- tions, also the first honors with the oration in the scientific course. He entered in the fall of 1878, the Auburn Theological Semi- nary of Auburn, New York, and graduated aCHUTLBR AND BROWN 00UNTIE8. 415 •with the class of 1881. He was then li- censed by the Kittaiming Presbytery of the synod of Pennsylvania, that beitig their cus- tom. He was ordained by the Geneva Pres- bytery of the synod of New York, January 12, 1882, and soon after became pastor of the Presbyterian Church of Dresden, New York. In 1886 he became connected with the Congregational Church, and has since been an earnest worker. It was in De Kalb, lUinois, that he did his first work as a Con- gregational minister, and the beautiful stone church edifice of that place stands as a silent monument to his labors. Being overworked he was obliged to resign his position against the unanimous protest of the people. He was immediately called to the church at Tonica, Illinois, which he accepted under the promise of being able to rest. During his one year there the membership was doubled. At the close of the year an anti-Masonic fac- tion caused a lack of harmony in the church, and the Rev. Blose resigned against the united request of the congregation. He im- mediately received a call from four churches, and decided to accept theone from La Harpe, Illinois, where he remained fifteen months, and increased the membership by fifty mem- bers. He was then unanimously called to the chnrch at Beardstown, which he accepted much against the wishes of his congregation at La Harpe. He was married May 1, 1881, at Burns, Allegany county. New York, to Mamie E. Coray, born December 15, 1857, educated in • the Union High School of Canaseraga, New York, graduating in 1879. She is an ac- complished lady, an enthusiastic worker in the church and in all the avenues where good may be promoted, and is the devoted mother of two very bright children: Minnie Coray and Charles A. Mr. Blose is a sound Republican, his faith being born of intelligence vitalized by right- eousness and patriotism. He feels that he has a right to spread his principles and advo- cate his political faith from the rostrum as he preaches his religion from the pulpit. ^ENRY YETTE,a general farmer, was m born in Prussia, May 10, 1864. His wd father, William Vette, was a brick ma- son, and died when he was thirty-eight years old. His wife had died the preceding year, and they both were members of the German Lutheran Church. Henry was left an orphan at the age of ten, and grew up as a maker of cigar boxes in his native province until seventeen years of age, and then he and a friend set out for this country. They set sail from Bremen in 1882, landed in New York city in the same year and then came to Illinois, reaching Beards- town with $1.10 in his pocket. He began work first as a laborer with his uncle, Henry Yette, and after some years of economy he was able to purchase the large farm he is now rapidly paying for. The farm consists of 125 acres, well improved, and other land that is not under plow, amounting to 372 acres. He is a young man of good judgment, and has shown what he can do and is bound to succeed. He was married in Cass county, to Anna Shave, who was born in Beardstown, March 22, 1867, and was reared and educated in this county. She is the daughter of William and Ingle (Shave) Shave. They are now living in this county, successful farmers, owning fine property. Mr. and Mrs. Vette are members of the Sixth Street Lutheran Church in Beardstown. They are the parents of 476 BIOGBAPHIOAL REVIEW OP 0AS8, three children, Hilda 1., William H. and Edna L. Mr. Vette is an ardent Republican, and both he and his wife are highly esteemed by all who know them. -^^i/vz/2/' -^innri^^ jARON LOGSDON was born in Madi- son county, Kentucky, May 7, 1821. His grandfather was Edward Logsdon, a native of Maryland, who moved to Ken- tucky in early life, where the thirteen chil- dren were born. These all grew to adult age and reared families of their own. The mother of this family was Polly Brown, also a native of Maryland. George Logsdon, the father of the subject of this notice, was the youngest of the family. He was reared on a farm and was early accustomed to hard work, only having the meager schooling of the time. He lived at home on the farm, which finally became his own at the death of his father, Edward. The latter was a man of wonderful strength, perfectly fearless, and in his old age was a match for many men who were younger. He weighed nearly 200 pounds, and was six feet high. He was one of the pioneers of Kentucky, and in those days strength and courage were the only safeguards of a man_ He was a very peaceable person, but had some encounters with fighting men, and never was conquered. He married Sally Mc- Kinzie, a daughter of John McKinzie. The union took place in Kentucky, and there they lived and there their family of eleven children were born. Two of these died in infancy, but all of the others grew up and became heads of families, and seven of them are still living. The parents came to Hlinois in 1856, bringing three children with them. Onr subject had preceded them in 1852, with his wife and five children, coming by water to Lagrange. The first wife of our subject was Lucinda Dunbar, who died in the prime of life, of consumption, and left him two daughters and an infant which soon died. The daugh- ters were Sally and Minerva. Mr. Logsdon was again married, to Martha J. Johnson, the daughter of Thomas Johnson and Re- becca Shearer, the latter from Ireland and the former from Pennsylvania. They were early settlers in Kentucky, and the father is still living and hearty at his old bome. He reared eleven children, ten of whom are still living, the youngest being forty-six years of age. Mr. and Mrs. Logsdon came here without means, and rented land for one year, bat then bought 160 acres of wild land for $500, pay- ing $200 of it down. They occupied the log cabin for several years, were frugal, and as soon as they had paid for their first land they bought forty acres adjoining for $600, and still later bought more until he owned at one time 400 acres. He has sold off and given to his sons until he has only 155 acres left. He has retired from active labor, and his sons, Aaron and Ed., are working the farm. Mr. Logsdon and his present wife have had eleven children. The eldest daughter, Mary E., is the wife of John Lear, who died in January, 1883, aged thirty-six, and left two children. Mary is dead, and Grandpa Logs- don has adopted the children. The living children are: Minerva, who is the wife of Frank Simmons, who is a farmer in Missouri; Thomas W. is a farmer in Nebraska; George lives near by; Rebecca is the wife of Henry- Behymer, a farmer near Yersailles; Lucinda is the wife of William Betzmer; Aaron mar- ried Maria Ballard, of this county; Nancy is the wife of Samuel Wright, a farmer near by; Edward owns a part of the homestead, and lives near with his wife, Minnie Brewer, SGUUl'LEB AND BROWN COUNTIES. 477 and two children; Martha A. is the wife of James Harper, a farmer of this county. This fine old couple rejoice in their ten great- grandchildren, and have thirty- two grand- children, living, and have seen ten buried. There was patriotism in this family, for the brother of Mr. Logsdon veent all through the war, and the brother of Mrs. Logsdon carries a bullet wound and had two others; and the son-in-law, Robert Johnson, went three years through the great struggle, and bears three wounds. Mr. Logsdon has been a Master Mason for thirty years, and has been a Republican for many years. The family are religious people, and belong to the Church of God. fEZEKIAH LEEK, M. D., has been a resident of Schuyler county, Illinois, since he was a child of seven years. He was born in Peoria county, Illinois, Janu- ary 25, 1840, a son of Jacob and Adiathia (Leek) Leek. The maternal grandfather, Henry Leek, was a native of Glermany, but emigrated to the United States when a young man; he was married in the State of JSTew York, and later resided in Pennsylvania, Ohio and Illinois, being one of the earliest settlers of the last-named commonwealth ; he first located in "Wabash county, and later re- moved to Peoria county, and finally came to Schuyler county, where he died at the age of ninety years; his wife lived to the same ad- vanced age. They had a family of eleven children: Benjamin F., "William, Allen, Robert, George, "Wright, Levi, Adiathia, Abigail, Pernina and Mary. Jacob Leek, the father of our subject, was born in Ohio, and removed from that State to Illinois, set- tling in Peoria county. In 1847 he came to S2 Schuyler county and entered land in Freder- ick township, which he occupied until the time of his death in 1842. He left a family of six children; Sarah, wife of Abraham Yuble; Margaret, wife of Annis Davis; Henry, deceased; Hezekiah, the subject of this sketch; Alexander, who died in the old homestead; Jacob F., a minister of the Mis- sionary Baptist Church. The mother died in the autumn of 1891; she was a woman of rare force of character, and for forty years had been a consistent member of the Chris- tian Church Dr. Leek spent his youth on the farm, and received his literary education in the com- mon schools. Having determined to pursue the science of medicine, he began its study about 1857, in Fulton county, Illinois, under the preceptorship of Dr. Smith of Cuba; he subsequently studied at Olney, Illinois, and iu "Wabash county. He began the practice of his profession in McDonough county, Illinois, and remained there until 1871, when he returned to Schuyler county. In 1880 he received a certificate from the State Board of Health, having practiced fourteen years. He now resides in Rnshville, but ihs patients are scattered over a wide terri- tory. He has been very successful and has won a reputation as a skillful and careful dhysician. Dr. Leek has been married twice: In 1859 he was united to Drusilla Tungate, who died in 1866, leaving four children: Abel; Margaret, wife of "William Shriver; Amos, deceased; and Minerva, deceased. His second marriage was to Angeline M. Johnson, a daughter of Joel Johnson; she died in Aleny, Illinois, leaving four chil- dren: Joel C, Harmon J., Asa, deceased, and one child that died in early life. In politics he adheres to the principles of the 478 BIOGBAPEIGAL REVIEW OF GaSS, Republican party. During the war he was president of the Union League. He was once a minister of the Baptist Church, and later was in the Christian Church in the same capacity; he does no ministerial work at the present time, but devotes himself wholly to his profession. He has always been deeply interested in the welfare of his county and town; in his profession he has won the highest respect of his colleagues, and as a citizen he enjoys the respect of all who know him. ^EESE H. GRIFFITH, one of the lead- ^ ing merchants of Rushville, is an Amer- ican by adoption, his native land being Wales; there he was born November 5, 1824. His parents were Humphrey and Mary (Da- vies) Griffith, the latter a native of Hanover, Wales. His father was reared in the Inde- pendent faith, and became a minister of that denomination in Wales. In 1825 he, with his wife and one child, sailed from I(iverpool for America. Landing in this country he settled in Soiners, Westchester county, New York, where he was pastor of the Presbyte- rian Church until 1832. He then removed to Michigan Territory, and located in Tecum- seh, Lenawee county. Michigan was then a wilderness, and the greater part of the land was owned by the Government. Mr. Grif- fith purchased a tract near Tecumseh, in which place he was later called to the pastorate of the Presbyterian Church, he being the second minister of the society. His family had remained in Detroit while he was pre- paring a home for them in Tecumseh. In the fall he started back for them, but was taken ill at Ypsilanti, where he died. Thus his wife was left a widow with four small chil- dren, one of whom died soon after the father. Fortunately for her and those dependent on her, she was a woman of superior education and unusual energy. To support herself and children, she opened a select school in Te- cumseh and became prominent among the early educators of the State. In addition to providing for her family, she lifted a heavy indebtedness that rested upon the land pur- chased by her husband. Her last days were passed in Rushville, Illinois, where she died in 1877, in her seventy-ninth year. The three children, who attained a mature age, were: Reese H., the subject of this notice; Hum- phrey, who died in Sacramento, California; and Theophilus D., a resident of Kansas City, Kansas. Reese H. was an infant when his parents crossed the sea to this country, and was but eight years old when his father died. He was thus reared and educated by his mother, who, fortunately for him was a woman of un- usual intelligence and activity. He later attended a branch of the of the Michigan Uni- versity, and when nineteen years of age com- menced to teach, which profession he followed in Michigan for nine years. He then went to northern Alabama, and was engaged for five years in teaching in Florence. In the spring of 1852 became to Rushville, Illinois, where he taught school one year, which ter- minated his career in that capacity. He next embarked in the hardware business, in which he has been very successful. He, his son Charles and a nephew, Humphrey Griffith, compose the corporation under the firm name of the Griffith Hardware Company. Mr. Griffith was married March 15, 1852, to Susan P. Stebbins, an estimable lady, a native of Simsbury, Connecticut, and a daugh- ter of Samuel S. and Laura (Bester) Stebbins, also natives of that State. They have six SGSUTLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 479 children: Charles, Effie, Harry, Edwia, Laura and William. The nephew, Humphrey Grif- fith, has been a member of the home circle since early youth, and is esteemed as a son. The parents and children are members of the Presbyterian Church. Politically, Mr. Griffith was formerly a Whig, and cast his first vote for Zachary Taylor. Since the formation of the Repub- lican party, he has been a supporter of its principles, and has served that party in va- rious positions of trust. He has been a dele- gate to numerous county, district and State contentions; and in 1892 was alternate delegate from his district to the National Eepublican Convention at Minneapolis. He also takes a prominent part in all church matters of his denomination. He has always takei; a deep interest in Sabbath-school work, has served as president of the Illinois State Sabbath-school Association, and was the first president of the Schuyler county Sunday- School Association, having been a member of the executive committee of the latter society since its organization. In 1861 he acted as delegate to the Presbyterian Conference at Syracuse, JSTew York, and went to JSTew York in the same capacity in 1889. It is a matter of congratulation that Rush- ville should have a man of such superior intelligence and morality, lo.r though this combination is very pleasing, it is too often conspicuous for its absence. He who founds his life on the,se lines builds with success, and is eminer^tly worthy of the esteem of all good men. fEORGE P. HUFF was born in Schuy- ler county, Illinois, July 28, 1850. His father was William Huff, born in North Carolina in 1808. and his grandfather was John Huff, also of North Carolina, where he lived and died. The name of his grand- mother was Charity Adams, born in North Carolina. William A. Huff married Betsy Ann Tea- ney, daughter of John and Nancy Teaney. She was born in Pennsylvania in 1812. When she was fourteen years old, her parents moved to Bartholomew county, Indiana, which they did with their own team. Mrs. Huff was married at the age of twenty-three, fifty-seven years ago. They set out for Illinois with their own horse and buggy and reached Rush- ville in the fall, where they remained thir- teen years, and then moved to. their present home. They had enough means to buy nine- ty-six acres of Government land on which they built a hewn log house containing one room. This land was all wild, the country entirely unsettled, abounding in game, large and small. Mr. Huff afterward bought eighty acres more, making his farm in all 15(5 acres. In 186,0 they b.uilt the present frame house, which was nearly completed in the fall of 1861, when he died. They had buried one son, John, who left a widow. Since the death of her husband she has buried, Sarah Huff, aged thirty-four; Melissa Tucker, about forty years old, and Martha Duncan, who died at fifty-two years, leaving ten children. Mrs. Huff has eight children still living: Mary Clampitt of Greeley, Kansas; Amanda Line- burger, of Hancock county, Illinois; Maria Fisher, of Creston, iowa; Francis, a stock dealer of Hancock; George F. and Homer W., are still at home; Perry P., a farmer on an adjoining farm, and Eliza Wilborn, living on the old homestead. Mrs. Huff is still well and active in mind and body, and considering that she has been the mother of twelve children, has been a toiler these many years, being now eighty 480 BIOOBAPHICAL REVIEW OF GABS, years old, she is a fair sample of the sturdy pioneer women of early days. Mr. Huff died in the faith of the Methodist Church, of which his widow is a member. He and his sons have always been Republicans, and they are highly regarded in the comrannity in which they live. 5RA N. GIBSOl^, of Browning, Illinois, was born January 1, 1843, near New Cas- tle, Pennsylvania, his parents being John and Mary F. (Fervor) Gibson. They were natives of Pennsylvania. They removed to Morris, Illinois, stayed there seven years; thence they went to the army, at the close of the war, went to Peoria, when the subject was twelve years of age. Both parents are still living. Ira Gibson grew to manhood in Peoria, but in the fall of 1863, while prospecting in Iowa, he enlisted in the Iowa Cavalry, at Sioux City. He was sent out on the plains, where he remained fighting Indians and guarding the frontier until the close of the war, when he was mustered out, at Davenport, in 1865. He returned to Peoria and engaged in mill- ing, where he remained seven years. He was head miller in the mill of Frank Fields, for two years. Quitting the milling, be engaged in the fishery business on the Illinois river, and this has been his occupation since. In it he has acquired a comfortable living and a nice property in Browning, Illinois. He furnishes his stock both winter and summer to J. W. Peters, at St. Louis, where he finds a ready sale for all his products. He puts up his own ice and operates the business in a sys- feo^atic manner. Mr. Gibson has been twice married. His first venture into matrimony was when twenty- four years of age, to Miss Frances Smith of Peoria. At her death she left four children; Alice, Frank, Louisa and Viola. Mr. Gibson was married a second time in Browning, to Miss Mary Williams, who was born in Fulton county, Illinois, in 1858. To this union there are two children: Frances and Ethel, bright little girls, at home. Mr. Gibson is a Democrat in politics, and is a member of Browning Lodge, No. 309, I. O. O. F. He was formerly a member of the G. A. R., but the post disbanded and he has not yet joined any other. His first wife was a Roman Catholic in re- ligion, but tbe present Mrs. Gibson is a mem- ber of the Methodist Episcopal Church. f THOMAS LAWLER, a widely and fa- vorably known citizen of "Woodstock ** township, Schuyler county, Illinois, is a native of Virginia, having been born in Fauquier county, that State, May 7, 1824. Ilis parents were Alexander and Margaret (White) Lawler, both natives of Virginia. His father served with distinction in the war of 1812. His father was a cooper, and fol- lowed his trade in his native State until the spring of 1839, when he with his family drove from Virginia to Ohio, and thence to Schuyler county, bringing all their worldly goods in their wagon. Arrived in Illinois, they purchased 160 acres of wild timber land in Woodstock township, on which they bnilt a log house, and began the life of pioneers. Both father and mother lived here until their death, although it had been much improved during their possession, both with buildings of a substantial kind, as well as the land well SGHUTLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 481 cultivated. The father died here at the age of sixty-four years, while the mother sur- vived him for a long time, dying at the ad- vanced age of seventy-three years. The Law- lers were originally from Ireland, where they were well-to-do people^ Our subject was one of a family of four- teen children, seven of whom are now living. He was reared in "Woodstock township, and and received his education a,t the country Bchools of his day. He lived at home until he was twenty-two years of age, working on the farm and at his trade of coopering. He then enlisted in the array, and served in the Mexican war for thirteen months^ and now gets a Mexican pension. After returning from the war, he married, on May 7, 1848, Miss Sarah E. Pinkerton, who was born in Putnam county Indiana, June 14, 1831. She was a daughter of William and Anna (Jack- son) Pinkerton. Her father was a native of Kentucky, while her mother was a native of one of the Carolinas, having come with their parents to Indiana in a very early day. Her father died in Indiana, aged about thirty years, after which her mother moved to Illinois, lo- cating in 1855, in Rushville, later moving to Augusta. She is still surviving, and lives with her daughter, the wife of our subject. She had three children, only two of whom are living. Joseph and Sarah Jackson were Mrs. Lawler's grandparents. They were pioneers of Indiana and later moved to Illinois. Mrs. Jackson died in Indiana aged fifty years, and her husband died in Illinois at the advanced age of ninety-six years. They were related to General Jackson, so famous in the war of 1812. David and Margaret Pinkerton, the grand- parents on her father's side both died in In- diana, at a very advanced age. They were both natives of Kentucky, and of English an- cestry. After marriage, our subject settled where he now lives, residing there continuously ever since. He built at first a little log cabin, in which he and his family lived, until 1865, when he erected his present substantial and comfortable home. His farm was unim- proved when he bought it, but it is now one of the best farms in the country, being highly cultivated, and well improved with sub- stantial barns for grain and stock, besides other modern conveniences for the care of grain an other agricultural products. Mr. and Mrs, Lawler have eleven children, nine of whom are living. Margaret E., mar- ried and has seven children; Henry W., mar- ried, having three children; Silas E., mar- ried, has four children; Albert C, married, has tive children; Simon A. and Jane A., twins; Simon, a school teacher; and Jane, married, and has two children; Nancy E., married, with two children; Hattie E., mar- ried, and has one child; and Thomas A., at home, and works the farm with his father. Our subject and wife are consistent mem- bers of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and contribute liberally towards its support. Mr. Lawler and family are highly re- spected by people of the community on ac- count of their many admirable traits of char- acter. ,LEXANDEB MOORE, the prominent citizen of Buck Horn township, whose biography it is our pleasure to present to our readers, was born in Harrison county, Ohio, December 23, 1821, son of Alexander and Sarah (Smith) Moore. Alexander Moore Sr., was born in Maryland, but came to 483 BIOGRAPHIOAL EEVIBW OF OASS, Ohio with his parents, when very young^ settling in Harrison county. lie was one of eight children, and learned the millwright and carpenter trade, but followed farming princi- pally, and ran a horse-power mill for many years. He and his parents took np land in Ohio, that was wild and unimproved, and here he lived in a log cabin all his days, dying on the first farm taken up of Government land, in that section, aged eighty-five years. His wife died on the same place when about eighty-eight, she being a native of Tennes- see. The subject's father on the father's side of the family was Alexander Moore, who married, and spent his last days in Ohio, dying when full of years. The father of our subject was a Justice of the Peace, and an old Andrew Jackson Democrat, and filled the different township offices, and was active in church and other good work at an early day. He helped to build the first church in that part of Ohio, a Methodist house of worship, and his family were members of it to the close of their lives. There is a record that some of the ancestors of Mr. Moore were on the way to join in the war of 1812, but peace was declared before they reached their destination. The father of Mr. Moore started out as a fifer, and his uncle as a drummer. Our subject remained at home until he was seventeen years old, worked summers, and attended school winters, in the old log tem- 'ples of learning of that day, which were erected within a bit of clearing. At the age of fourteen he went to learn the cabinet- maker trade, and served three years for his board and clothes. At the age of twenty he commenced work at the lucrative trade of a carpenter, and continued at this for fifteen years. Our subject was married November 30, 1841, to Elizabeth P. Johnson, who was born in the same place as was her husband, and was the daughter of Nathan and Jane (Aul) Johnson, who were natives of Maryland, and spent their last days in Ohio; the mother died at the age of thirty-five years. Mr. Moore, of this notice, was one of five children, but one of whom is yet living. The first wife of our subject died where he now lives, aged forty-four years, and left five living of her twelve children. They are as follows : Martin L. has five children; Margaret J. has five chil- dren ; Amanda has but two little ones, as also has Lizzie; John C. is unmarried. Our subject was married a second time in Novem- ber, 18 — , to Mrs. Mary E. (G-regory) Ayers, who was born in Pike county, Illinois, November 23, 1842, and was the daughter of John J. and Samantha (Barrett) Gregory. He was born in Tennessee, in 1814, and came to Illinois at a very early day, and died in Pike county, aged forty-seven years. His wife also died in the same county, about forty- four years of age. Mrs. Moore's first mar- riage was November 7, 1858, to Erancis M. Ayers, who was born in Ohio, and enlisted in the early part of the war, and died from wounds received at Hartsville, Missouri. He was thirty-five years old when he died, and was a member of Company B, Captain Math- ews. She drew a pension from the Govern- ment until her marriage. She had three chil- dren, one of whom is William A., who has a family of three children. After his first marriage our subject first followed the carpenter trade until 1856, when he sold his houses and lots and went to Kan- sas, but the next year he returned to Ohio, and that fall came back to Illinois, and bought eighty acres of land where he now lives. He first built a log house, and then built a per- manent dwelling. SGHUTLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 483 Mr. Moore has been a Republican ever since the formation of the party, and always votes that ticket. He was a Free Soiler until 1856. He and his wife attend the Methodist Episcopal Church, where they hold their membership. This large and prosperous family are much respected in their neighbor- hood. ^ '^ SOHN MERZ, general farmer and stock raiser, was born in Hesse-Darmstadt, Germany, March 21, 1829. He lost his mother when he was fourteen years of age. Her name was Margaretta Darmer, and her husband was John Merz, who lived and died in his native province, at the age of sixty- seven. He was a shoemaker, and followed that trade in connection with his farming. He and his wife were long members of the Lutheran Church. Our subject is the eldest of three children. He grew up as a farmer boy and linen-weaver, and did not come to this country until he was twenty-five years of age. He landed in New York city in 1855. and came right on to Beardstown, and three days later engaged as a farm laborer and has been a tiller of the soil ever since. He has been very economical, like the most of his race, and has acquired a large property by real hard work. He is the only member of his family who has ever come to this country. He now owns 240 acres of very fine land, and has good farm buildings, having owned this since 1858, and" strange as it may seem he has made every bit of his fortune by earnest, hard work, receiving help from no one. He was first married in Beardstown, to Louisa Rohn, who was born and reared at her father's home, not far from Beardstown. She died after five vears of married life. being then only twenty-two years of age. She left one daughter, Louisa, who died at four- teen years of age, having been a very intelli- gent child. Mr. Merz was married in Beards- town a second time, to Miss Louisa Folks, born in Baden, Germany, who came to this country with her parents when very small. Her parents died in Schuyler county. Mr. Folks was a cooper by trade, and followed it all his life. Mr. and Mrs. Merz have six children: Louisa, Etta and Henry are married; Mar- garet, Charles and Nora are still at home. They are Lutherans in religion, and Mr. Merz is a Republican. They are among tiie best of Beardstowri's German citizens. ILLIAM ROHJSf, a practical farmer and stock-raiser, was born in Cass County, September 27, 1854. His father, Henry, came to the county in 1835, took up Government land near Beardstown, and here lived, labored, and died April 21, 1891. He was then eighty-six years of age. He was a native of Hesse-Darmstadt, of good German blood, came to this country in 1835 with his brother John, and they began life as farmers. Here this brother died when he was seventy years old. (For further family history, see biography of Henry Rohn in this book.) William's mother is yet living, very smart and active, and on her eighty-first birth- day, November 21, 1891, enjoyed the kind hospitality of her neighbors in the form of a surprise party. William Rohn owns 160 acres in Home- stead, and eighty acres of bottom land. He has always lived on this farm. He is famous as a local Nimrod, having killed more ducks than any other man in this part of the State. 484 BIOOBAPHIOAL REVIEW OP CASS, He has been a hunter all his life, and has made some wonderful scores. In the spring of 1885 he killed 165 ducks in three and one- half hours. His shots are always on the wing, he always giving his game a chance. He has always carried off the prizes in the pigeon and other shooting matches. He takes great interest in these pursuits, and keeps a line pack of hunting dogs. He was married in Beardstown, to Gusta Mahan, born and reared in this county, and died, after fourteen years of married life, in 1891. She was thirty-two years of age. She was a good, worthy woman, and the mother of six children, those living being Edwin, Anna and Fred. He was married for the second time, to Anna Mann, who was born, reared and educated in Cass county. Her father, John, died some years ago, but her mother is still living in Beardstown. Both wives, as well as Mr. Rohn, have been worthy members of the Methodist Episcopal Church- Mr. Rohn is a Republican in politics. They are very successful people, hard workers, and much esteemed by the whole neighborhood. M. LANE, a successful wholesale and retail dealer in wines and liquors, lo- 1® cated on East Main street, was born in Pennsylvania, and was but four years of age when his people came to Illinois. His fa- ther, S. P. Lane, was born in New York, and was married in Pennsylvania, and later came to Winnebago county, Illinois, where he died, in April, 1869. Mrs. Lane still survives him and now lives in Cadillac, Michigan, and is sixty-seven years old. Her maiden name was Mary E. Finn, of Pennsylvania, of German ancestry. She came of a long-lived family, her grandmother being at her death 105 years old, her mother eighty-five and her father ninety-five years of age. Our subject was never married, but has devoted all his energies to his business. He has been engaged in it for more than ten years and by his own efforts has made his place headquarters for the best people in the city. He has lived in this city since 1871. He was engaged as a miller for some years. He enlisted from Cook county when only fif- teen years of age, as a member of the Seven- teenth Illinois Cavalry Regiment. He en- tered the army in 1863 and served until the close of the war, and also spent more than two years serving on the frontier. He es- caped unhurt, but saw considerable hard service and received his honorable discharge as a brave soldier. He is known in Beards- town as a great hustler and is a Republican in politics. fAMES NEELEY, foreman of the store house of the St. Louis division of the Quincy Railroad, was born in Philadel- phia, Pennsylvania, March 20, 1857. He was the son of James Neeley, a Pennsylva- nian who still lives in Philadelphia, over sev- enty five years of age. His business has been that of architect. His wife died when James was a few hours old. He was only twelve years of age when he came all alone to Beardstown in 1869, and has lived here ever since. He has gained the knowledge of the business of growing sweet potatoes and that industry was just being developed here. He received $20 dollars a month for his ser- vices. He was afterward variously engaged until he became of age and then connected SCHUYLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 485 himself with the Quincy Railroad. This took place in 1879, and he was engaged as car inspector for six years and afterward for four years. He was foreman of the lumber yard, which position was similiar to the one which he now holds. He has been the fore- man of the store-house for three years and has charge of the receipts and distribution of all store house supplies. He was married in Beardstown to Mary G. Fulks of Beardstown and a sister of R. B. Fulks (see biography for family history). Mr. and Mrs. Neeley attend the Methodist Episcopal Church, of which Mrs. Neeley is an active member. Mr. Neeley is a mem- ber of the subordinate and encampment lodges I. O. O. F., the former Ark Lodge, No. 7, and the latter Mt. Yernon Lodge, No. 7, and has filled the chairs of both lodges. They have no family. Mr. Neeley is a Re- publican in political, but is no oifice seeker, having no time to spare from his business. fOHN GEORGE FREY, who has retired from active business, and living in Beardstown in a pleasant home, was born in WtLrtemburg, Germany, March 9, 1827. Ee grew up and worked on his father's farm until twenty-eight years of age. In February, 1854, he took passage on a sailing vessel to New York city, making the trip in thirty days. He then settled at Lancaster, New York, but left that place in six months, and came to Beardstown, which he has since made his home, and has been fairly successful in life. His father, John Frey, died in Ger- many when eighty years of age. His wife had died many years before, they both being members of the German Lutheran Church. What Mr. Frey possesses he has made by his own efforts. When he arrived in this city in 1854, he began as a laborer, and was variously engaged for two years. In 1856 he became connected with Mr. Bohlman, and continued with him four years, until he en- gaged with Mr. Anton Ruck and continued there until he retired from active business. He was married in Lancaster, New York, to Miss Mary Hoearsch. She was born in Wiirtemburg, Germany, August 13, 1824. She was a daughter of Mathias and Sarah Hoearsch, who lived and died in Wiirtemburg. They were birthright members in the Luth- eran Church. She was the only member of her family, who came to this country, com- ing on the same vessel that brought her husband. She died at her home in this city January 26, 1888, having been a member of the Fourth Street Church. Mr. and Mrs. Frey have had four children. Two are living: William, a turner in this city, and is a success- ful busi ness man; and Mary, who is house- keeper for her father. She is a dutiful girl and an intelligent young woman. Mr. Frey and family are members of the Fourth Street Lutheran Church, and he and his son are Democrats in politics, good quiet citizens and upright, straightforward men. ^ ^ EORGE J. SOHMITT, a retired busi- ness man living on Sixth street, Beards- town, was born in Bavaria, Germany, May 14, 1828. His parents were Casper and Mary Schraitt, who were i)orn, reared, married and died in their native country. They were members of the Catholic Church and died in middle age. Our subject was yet a young man when, in 1854, he came to this country and spent 4S6 BIOOBAPEIOAL REVIEW OE 0AS8, one year in New York city, working at his trade of cabinetmaker. After that he jour- neyed around to many places, seeing the country, before he settled in Beardstown. He reached here in 1861, established a furni- ture business with his brother, Casper Schmitt, and by good judgment and honest dealing made money and retired from labor in 1882. He was married to Miss Mary Stoner, who was born in Beardstown, No- vember 3, 1837. "When she was six weeks old the family moved to Texas, settling in Montgomery county upon a farm and there her father died a few years later. His par- ents had both come from Germany and set- tled in Cass county, and were among the old- est settlers of the county. Mrs. Stoner is still living and makes her home with her daughter, Mrs. Schmitt. Although nearly eighty- two years of age she is very bright and active. Her father was Fred Krohe, who came to Illinois very early and died here. Mr. and Mrs. Schmitt have two liv- ing children, George J., Jr., now in charge of a drug store, No. 34 Washington street, Chicago; and Victor, who is connected with the same house. l^g|EYTON R. KEITH, a prominent farm- er of section 29, Missouri township, is a native of that same township, having been born here, July 26, 1856. His father, Peyton A. Keith, was born in Kentucky, January 15, 1824, was a son of Peyton R., who reared a family of the following children : Isham, James, John, Alexander, Peyton A., Mary, Eliza A., America, Susan, Caroline and Mary J. The grandfather of our sub- ject lost his wife in Kentucky, and in the fall of 1837, came to Illinois and passed the winter of 1837-'38 in Missouri township. He then rented land in Mt. Sterling town- ship and later purchased land in the same place, becoming the owner of a good farm, where he iinally died. His body rests in Mt. Sterling. His son, father of subject, was only a boy of thirteen when he came to Illinois, and continued to live at home dur- ing his father's life, settling his estate after his death. He married Mary Moses, a na- tive of Ohio, born in September, 1830, daughter of "William and Rhoda Moses, pio- neers of 185—. After his marriage, the fa- ther settled on section 33, Missouri township, where he became the owner of 320 acres, im- proving it considerably. He lived here for many years, dealing in live stock, but the last fifteen years of his life he was an invalid and so was unable to carry on the work of his farm. His death occurred January 12, 1887, but his wife is still living, on the old homestead. He was a stanch Republican, but was no otHce seeker. He lived and died in the faith of the Christian Church. He and his good wife had eleven children, as fol- lows: Peyton; John A., resident of Pea Ridge township; Joseph D. is on part of the old homestead ; Francis Marion is on the old homestead with his mother; Charles I. is also with his mother; Mary J. is the wife of John W. Bell, and they are residents of Mis- souri township; and the other children all died in childhood. Peyton, the namesake of his grandfather, was reared in his native county, where he at- tended the district schools and learned the vocation of farming. He-remained at home until his marriage, when he settled on his present farm, where he owns 100 acres of fine land and carries on mixed farming. Mr. Keith was married January 5, 1880, to Mary E. Bell, danghter of Ira and Eraeline aOHUYLER AND BROWN OOUNTIES. 487 Bell. Mr. and Mrs. Keith have three chil- dren, Bertie Arthur, William Austin and Ira Anderson. Mrs. Keith has nine brothers and sisters, namely: Isham died in Columbus, Indiana; James died in Missouri; Alexander, resident of California; Mary married James Kirk and died in Iowa, 1891 ; Mary J. married Richard Bruce and died in Iowa ; Eliza died in Mt. Sterling; America and Susan, married, are both deceased ; and Caroline, who married General H. Eoberts and died in Missouri township. Mr. Keith is a strong Kepublican in poli- tics and always supports the principles of his party. He is a worthy member of the Christ- ian Church, and he and his estimable wife enjoy the respect and esteem of all their fel- low citizens. fOHN "W". "WEBB representative engineer of the Quincy Railroad, living at Beards- town, was born in Estill county, Ken- tucky, January 22, 1858- He was reared there until twelve years of age, when his par- ents moved to Daviess county, Missouri, and settled ou a farm. Here he grew up on the farm with only ordinary school advantages. His father is Elijah Webb, son of Richard Webb, of North Carolina. The family came of old Maryland stock, and Richard was brought to Kentucky when eight years old by his parents, who settled on a farm. Here they died after improving the land to a con- siderable extent. Here Richard grew up and married Miss Clemy Tipton, born in Ken- tucky, in 1804. After their three children were grown up they removed to Daviess county, Missouri, and joined their son Elijah. They both died in this place, the wife in 1872, her husband ten years later. They both were Baptists. Their son Elijah, born in 1827, was a farmer in Kentucky and followed that profession all his life. He married Sal- lie A. Brinegar, born in 1841 in Kentucky. They now live in Harrison county, Missouri. Mrs. Webb is a member of the Christian Church, but Mr. Webb is a member of an- other organization. John Webb is one of twelve children, of whom nine are yet living. He began his career in the railroad service in 1876 as a brakeman on the Iowa division of the Quincy road. He was then living in Iowa. When he was located at Eldon, Iowa, he was brakes- man and extra conductor. Later he was a farmer in DeKalb, Missouri, for two years, and from there returned to the Quincy road, and has been employed by them ever since. He has gained the confidence of the road by his faithful service and good habits. He has been associated with the St. Louis division since June 10, 1886. He was a conductor of local and through freight trains and extra passenger conductor, and only had one wreck. That occurred in the winter of 1884, when engine 194 and eleven cars left the track at Vermont, Illinois. He is a practical man and has made money at his business. He was married in Wapello county, Iowa, to Miss Hattie Smock, who was born in the same county and was there reared and edu- cated. She is the danghter of Archibald and Hannah (More) Smock, natives of Ohio. They were married near Indianapolis, where Miss More and her parents had settled when she was a small child. Mr. Smock followed his vocation of farming, first in Indiana and then moved to Iowa, and, settling on a farm in Wapello county, remained there the rest of his life with his wife. They were both 488 BIOGBAPEIOAL REVIEW OF 0A88, faithful members of the Baptist Church and wpre esteemed by all who knew them. Mr. and Mrs. Webb have had four children, two of whom are dead. Those living are: Maude and Ernest E., two bright little chil- dren. Mr. and Mrs. Webb are attendants on the services of the Christian Church, of which Mrs. Webb is a member. Mr. Webb is a K. of P., being a member of the Beardstown Lodge, and he is a Democrat in politics. He and his wife are worthy citizens and are greatly liked for their many good qualities. Mr. Webb is a genial, warm-hearted man, with hosts of friends, and his good natured wife is equally esteemed. -'^ ^'- S. COIL, editor and publisher of the Beardstown Enterprise., was born in ^* Lincoln county. Missouri, October 24, 1860. His father, Jacob Y". Coil, was a na- tive of Kentucky, came of southern parents, who were a stout and long-lived people. Jacob Y. Coil had moved into Missouri after the birth of one child, became a farmer and was thus engaged in Lincoln county until his death in 1873, aged forty-two. He was a kind man to his family, a good neighbor, a prominent Mason and a Democrat in politics- He had offered his services in 1861, but was refused on account of disabilities. Mrs. Jacob Coil's maiden name was Viola Olive Durough of Ohio, and she is yet living, in Mexico, Missouri, the mother of ten children, nine boys and one girl, of whom six are living. Mr. Coil is the only one of his family in Illinois. His paper is a forty-eight column quarto weekly, published in the interests of the Democratic party. It was started under its present title in Meredosia by F. W. Schierbaum & Company, and in 1879 the plant was moved to Beardstown and con- tinued under the same title. It was run as a daily and weekly. Mr. Schierbaum died in 1886 and C. H. Cummings took the paper as administrator, until Mr. Coil purchased the property in 1888. He is a practical news- paper man and has gone through all the ex- periences from printer's devil to his present position of editor-in-chief and publisher. He had many discouragements, but by dint of hard work he has been successful in clearing himself from debt and in running the paper successfully. The same perseverance which enabled him to gain a great part of his edu- cation by lamplight has served him well in his business. His paper has a good circula- tion and is ably edited. He is now making it a paying investment and by his own efforts has made it the principal Democratic paper of the county. He was married in Perry, Pike county, Illinois, to Miss Dora Brandom of Indiana, in June, 1880. She came when young to Quincy, Illinois, with her parents, and her father now resides in Beardstown. Mr. and Mrs. Coil have six bright children : May bell M., Grace, Arthur L., Harry. Bessie L. and Ruth M., — all at home with their parents. They attend the Methodist Church. Mr. Coil has been a delegate to local conventions as he is a strong man in his party. -^ '^ ^[RNEST H. BOLLE, now running a suc- cessful meat market on Second street, was born in Hesse-Darmstadt, near Hesse- Cassel, March 26, 1832. He is the son of John and Keshling BoUe, natives of Hesse, where they were married and their children were born. The family set out for the United States in 1845, landing after five weeks' voy. 8GEUYLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 489 age. They settled in Beardstown in the same year that they came to the country, and here the father died when sixty-eight years of age, and the mother died some time later. They had both been members of the Lutheran Church. Mr. Bolle has resided in Beardstown ever since he arrived here in 1845. For some years he was a mechanical engineer for the Quincy Railroad. In 1885 Mr. Bolle went into business on his own account and has been quite successful as a dealer in live stock. His present business was established in 1879, under the tirm name of Bolle, Ortwine & Co. He was married in this city to Helena Nice. She was born in Hesse, Germany, and there her parents lived and died. She came with some old friends to this country and lived in this city until her death. December 5, 1887. She was born in 1833 and was a good wife and faithful mother, and bore her husband seven children, five of whom are yet living: Mary, wife of Henry G. Mohlraan; Lena, wife of Zenas Sexton, a railroad bridge carpenter now at Galesbarg; John is a clerk in the Quincy office in Beardstown, and mar- ried to Ida French; George and Bertha still live at home. fILLIAM WOOD, a prominent pio- neer of 1827, resides on section 17, Huntsville township. He is the son of Mitchell and Nancy (Skiles) Wood, and was born in Wayne county, Missouri, March 8, 1824. i His mother was born on the 27th of May, 1802. Her father, William, lived in Maryland and was the son of John and Lizzie Skyles. He was married in North Carolina, and went from there to Jasper county, Ten- nessee, resided there a few years and then moved to within forty miles of Nashville. There he lived until 1817 and then moved to the Territory of Missouri, remaining there until 1827, when he came to Schuyler county, Illinois, and became one of the first settlers of Kushville township. He resided there until 1844, when he went to Madison, Iowa, and remained there with his sons until his death in 1845. His wife's name was Lydia Chaddick, of North Carolina, and she also died in 1845. Mr. Wood's mother was first married at nineteen years of age, to Mitchell Wood of Kentucky. They were married in Missouri, went from there to Arkansas, but after his death in 1825 she returned to her parents in Missouri. In 1827 she married Jonathan Smith. They lived in a log cabin near Rushville. At that time Rushville con- sisted of three log houses. She now resides with her daughter, Mrs. Teel. During her married life she dressed her children in home- spun, and she raised the flax and spun and wove the cloth out of which they were made. In 1827 Mr. Wood came with the family to Illinois and grew to manhood in the vicin- ity of Rushville. He was raised a farmer and embraced all the advantages for learning that was possible in those early days. In the fall of 1848 he married Hulda Ann Teel (see sketch of James A. Teel in this book). After his marriage he continued to live on the home farm. In 1853 he crossed the plains to California and engaged in raining. After an absence of fourteen months he returned via Isthmus of Panama and New York city. In 1854 he purchased eighty acres of his present farm and settled on same. In August, 1862, he en- listed in Company F, One Hundred and Ninteenth Illinois Yolunteer Infantry, and served three years, going through many seri- ous battles, and was mustered out with the 490 BIOORAPHWAL REVIEW OF 0A8H, rank of Corporal. After the war he resumed business on his farm and now owns 240 acres of land and follows stock-raising. Mr. and Mrs. Wood have seven children: William H., Ann Elizabeth Wilson, Mitchell 0., Dora Josephine, John R., Calvin Mead and Ella Alice. Mr. Wood is a flepublican in politics and has been honored with all the local offices and is a member of Cyclone Lodge, I. O. O. F. ^l ^ fACHARIAH HASH, a widely known and esteemed pioneer of Cass county, Illinois, now one of the most prosper- ous farmers of this section, residing in town- ship 19, range 9, was born in Green county, Kentucky, April 6, 1812. He came of a family of patriots and suc- cessful agriculturists, many of whom held re- sponsible positions, in the service of their country, and a few were noted hunters in pio- neer days, being unerring marksmen and skillful trappers. His parents were Philip and Sarah (Nance) Hash, both natives of Virginia, who emigrated with their parents to Kentucky in an early day, when they themselves were quite young. The paternal grandparents of the subject of this sketch were Thomas and Ruth (Sturgeon) Hash, also natives of the Old Dominion, who spent their last days in Kentucky. The grand- father was a brave and efficient soldier in the Revolutionary war. The Hash family were of English ancestry, while the Sturgeons were originally from Ireland. The maternal grandfather was Zachariah ISTance. Grand- father Nance served all through the Revolu- tionary war, and was a distinguished soldier. He drew a pension for his services, drawing at one time as high as $700. Others of the family were distinguished soldiers in the old wars of this country, who sought to defend their land in her hour of need. The Nances were mostly mechanics, being skilled in their various callings, and all lived to an advanced age. Our subject's parents and paternal grandparents were pioneers in three different States, and were hardy and energetic men and women, inured to hardship and toil. His father was an extensive traveler in pioneer days throughout the frontier, and visited nearly every settlement in the West daring the '30s. He was an old Andrew Jacksou Democrat, and took an active interest in pio- neer politics. He was for forty years an efli- cient Justice of the Peace in this section of Illinois, discharging his duties with judg- ment and impartiality. He was born Janu- ary 31, 1790, and died August 5, 1849; his wife was born October 24, 1791, and died February 27, 1847. Both expired in south- western Missouri, whither they had removed from Illinois. They were the parents of fif- teen children, six or eight of whom now sur- vive, as far as known. Some of these are prominent men in Indiana. The subject of this sketch worked on his father's farm in Kentucky and Illinois until he was married. On account of the new- ness of the country and his busy life, his educational advantages were neglected, and he attended school for the first time when he was twenty-one years of age. He is essen- tially a self-made man, and having inherited a good intellect and robust constitution, has applied himself with such persistency that he is now a well informed and progressive man, interested in everything that pertains to the welfare of his county, and takes a prominent part in all movements tending to the advance- ment of the community. SCUUYLEB AND BUOM'N GOUNTIES. 4'Jl When be first came to this State it was wild and sparsely settled, game and wild fowl abounding in great prof iision . He first located on Government land a short distance from where he now lives, on which he erected a log cabin. He lived there only two or three years, when he sold out and bought his present farm. He purchased 220 acres, which is now as line a farm as can be found in Sangamon valley, or in the State. He paid twenty-five per cent interest on money with which he entered his land, but his in- dustry and careful management soon enabled him to pay all indebtedness, and left him a comfortable income. He raises flourishing crops, has erected a comfortable farm house, and has large barns for his grain and stock, and is numbered among the prosperous farm- ers of the county. He was first married, June 26, 1834, to Miss Polly Dick, who was born in Kentucky, February 16, 1817, an intelligent and worthy lady, and a daughter of Peter and Christina fShutt) Dick, well known and highly re- spected people. By this marriage there were seven children, two of whom survive: Peter, born May 19, 1853; and Martha, born January 11, 1856, who married John Plun- kett, a successful farmer, and they have five children. Two of our subject's children were married before their death: Philip, who had a son and daughter; and Sarah J., married to Benjamin E. Bowman, left two children, one of whom, Orpha, was born November 14, 1872, and has been at the home of the snbject of this sketch ever since her birth. Mr. Hash's first wife died where he now lives, June 22, 1857, leaving her family and many friends to mourn her loss. On A.pril 3, 1862, Mr. Hash was again married, chosing for his second wife Miss Bowman, an estimable lady, who was born in Rutherford county, Tennesssee, March 17, 1825, Her parents were Daniel and Katie (Horn) Bowman, natives of Maryland and Tennessee, respectively. They were the par- ents of ten children, of whom, as far as known, only four are now living. The Bowmans were originally from Germany. Grandfather, Daniel Bowman, was an old Revolutionary soldier, and drew a liberal pension for his services. Most of Mrs. Hash's people are successful farmers. Mr. Hash, like all of his people before him, is an Andrew Jackson Democrat, and al- though not actively engaged in political mat- ters, takes an interest in all public affairs of importance. He is more of a home man, and his private affairs absorb most of his at- tention. He and his wife have been earnest and use- ful members of the Christian Church for many years. Whatever success in life has been obtained bj Mr. Hash, is entirely due to his own ex- ertions; and many a poor young man, just starting in life, would do well to read his history, and adopt the methods pursued by the subject of the sketch. These methods are unfailing, and are persistent industry and careful economy, supplemented by intelli- gence and uprightness of character. fHARLES M. DUNLAP, who was for many years engaged in the lumber buusiness in Mt. Sterling, was born in Lexington, Fayette county, Kentucky, in 1836. His father. Rev Latin W. Duulap was born in New Jersey and went from there to Kentucky when quite young. He was converted in his youthful days and joined the Baptist Church, but later identifisJ himself with the Pres- 492 BIoaRAPHIOAL REVIEW OP CASS, byterian Church. He came to Illinois in 1837, landing at La Grange and then located in Mt. Sterling, and here organized the first Presbyterian Church in the county and was its pastor for many years. He was a resident of this place almost continuously from 1837 until he died in 1889, aged eighty-seven years. His wife's name was E.ebecca M. Bell, born in Lexington, Kentucky, and died at the age of fifty-four. Charles Dnnlap was but one year old when he came to Mt. Sterling with his parents. He received his education in the public schools of this city, and when he had reached manhood's estate he engaged in the lumber business and so continued for twenty years. For about fifteen years of this time he was connected with F. "W. Kottger. In 18 — he sold out his lumberyard to his partner and moved to the farm which he now occupies. This contains 400 acres, located one and one half miles east of the courthouse. The build- ings which he has erected compare favorably with the best in the county. For his wife he married Helen McCreery, born in Rushville, Schuyler county, daughter of James and Hannah McCreery. Mr. and Mrs. Dunlap have four children: Helen, George, Latin and Annie. He is a Demo- crat and a member of Unity Lodge, I. O. O. F. ■77= ^ lINGLETON G. WRIGHT is numbered among the honored pioneers who have passed away. He was born in Hardin county, Kentucky, January 12, 1816, and died in Huntsville township, February 24, 1886. He has four brothers, Richard, James, Edmund and William. He came to Illinois on horseback in 1836 and when he arrived in Schuyler county his saddle horse constituted his entire property. He worked as a farm hand for William McKee, near Rushville, and while thus engaged made the acquaintance of Sarah E. Graham, who afterward became his wife. She was born in Kentucky, a daughter of Fergus and Martha (Tyree) Graham, who settled in Schuyler county in an early day. About two years later Mr. Wright settled on section 17, Huntsville, where he purchased 320 acres of land. He was industrious and observed due economy, and thus soon paid for his land and had money to loan. He carried on stock-raising in addition to his farming. He was an active man until 1880, when he was taken sick with softening of the brain, which caused his death six years later. He was a Democrat in politics and a warm friend of public schools, being elected as School Trustee several terms. He donated the land occupied' by the schoolhouse in the district. Mrs. Wright still survives her husband and still resides on the old homestead. Mr. and Mrs. Wright had four children: Frances, the wife of William Wood, Jr.; Martha and Columbia, who carry on the home farm ; and Alice, the wife of R. Ackley. When Mr. Wright's health failed the work of carrying on the farm devolved on his two daughters, Martha and Columbia, as did the other business. These two girls have carried on the work of the farm successfully, not only superintending the work but also doing much of the outdoor labor themselves. When their father died the two girls pur- chased the interest of the others and now own the farm with the exception of their mother's dowry. Martha attended college at Abingdon, Illinois, and taught school for thirteen terms. She was a close student, SCEUTLEB AND BROWN COUNTIES. 493 rising at four in the morning in order to study. She is very systematic in all her work. The two are always willing to exert their iniluenoe for the Democratic party, WILLIAM P. GAUT, the subject of this notice, was born in JefEerson county, Tennessee, April 16, 1862. father was E,obert Gaut, born in the same place, in 1800, and his father, the grandfather of our subject, was George Gaut, born in Pennsylvania, who went to Tennes- see when a young man. This family is of Huguenot origin. He had by one wife thir- teen children, of whom ten grew to adult age. One of these, James Gaut, lived to the age of ninety-seven years, and the average of these ten were over eighty, and the one still living, George Gaut, is on the old home farm. The father of our present subject was reared to farm life and has good common schooling. He married Mary P. Woods in Tennessee, who was born there in 1799. She was of a family of ten children: James, Mary P., Lntetia, JohnC, Martha J., W. P., E. Flora, Mary E., Sarah P. and Julia Ann M., the last two twins. Some of these children died in infancy. Of the six that came to adult age, five are still living. The mother of this family died in her forty-seventh year and the father lived nineteen years a widower. He died in 1864, in his sixty- fifth year, still mourning his wife. William P. Gaut is a photographer. At the age of seventeen years he went to work in a blast furnace in Monroe county where he was reared and at this place he worked for six years at low wages. He had the promise of $20 a month, but at that time fifty cents a day was average wages 88 when six cords of wood, pine and chestnut, could be bought for a dollar. He next went to work at the trade of carpenter and mill- wright and for six years this claimed his at- tention. From 1861 to 1886 he became a photographer, and he worked at this through Knoxville, Tennessee, and New Orleans. Our subject was married in Versailles, in 1866, to Miss Elizabeth E. Reily, of Davidson county, North Carolina, who was born there December 21, 1840. She was the daughter of Solomon and Polly (William.s) Reily, both natives of North Carolina. She 'came to Illinois in 1850 with her mother, in a cov- ered wagon, emigrant style, and were four weeks making the trip. They camped out all but two nights, when the weather was stormy. She was an only child and lived with her mother until her marriage. After marriage Mr. and Mrs. Gaut lived in Mount Sterling ibr a few months and then moved to Marietta, Georgia, where they remained about nine years when they re- turned to Mount Sterling and Mr. Gaut con- tinued the old business which he had started during the war. They bought their present farm of 611 acres, all bottom land except eighty acres, where they reside on the Bluffs, paying |8,000 for it. They have buried two sons and two daughters, all in infancy, but have four of the finest boys left that can be found in the township. K. Eugene is twen- ty-one, James E. is. nineteen, Charles W. is fourteen and George Lea is a bright lad of ten years. All are at home in the sense of not having thought of any separate home; Eugene is attending college at the State Uni- versity at Champaign; and James B. is fol- lowing his fancy by learning the carpenter's trade. Mr. Gaut makes a special crop of his corn, and raises many hogs. He has his hill land 494 BIOGRAPHICAL BEVIBW OF CASS, for a fruit farm and has it planted mostly in apples and peaches. The native products of uplands are pawpaws and of the bottoms are pecans. He expects his land to yield from fifty to 100 bushels of corn to the acre. Mr. Gaut is an ancient Odd Fellow and is a Eoyal Arch Mason and is a Democrat in politics. He was in the Confederate army from 1861 to 1863, and although he was not wounded he lost his health. He was made a prisoner at Knoxvilie. He has voted for every President since 1861 and has been active in his party. The aged mother of Mr. Gaut lives with him and is strong and vigorous still. I^lHILLIAM H. MoCREERY is a resi- 'ffffiuf dentof Huntsville township, residing l-c|^ on section 6, having settled here in 1834. His father, William McCreery, was born in Culpeper county, Virginia, March 1, 1802, being a son of Jolin McCreery, who was also a native of Virginia and a planter. He married Sarah Rousseau, of French an- cestry. William McCreery, Sr., was reared on a farm and when seven years of age, the family removed to Kentucliy, where he grew to manhood in Pulaski county. Here he entered the ministry of the Methodist Epis- copal Church as an itinerant preacher. His work was in Kentucky and Tennessee. In 1827 he preached in Orange county, In- diana. From there, in 1829, he went to Mis- souri and stayed for a few years, and an account of his work in this State may be found at length in Dr. McNally's History of Method- ism in Missouri. In 1832, in Cape Girar- deau county, Missouri, he married Harriet E. Long, and two years later they came to Rushville, Schuyler county, Illinois. The next year they settled on section 6, Hunts- ville township, where Mr. McCreery had purchased a claim August, 1834, and here he resided i(ntil his death, November 2, 1884. He was a local preacher and was assigned a circuit in 1848, the Columbus circuit, Adams county. He continued his religious work until within a few weeks of his death. His wife died two days before her husband. He died within two hours after returning from her funeral. Mr. McCreery was a good man and was greatly opposed to slavery, refusing to receive any portion of them f ron^ his fath- er's estate. He was an ardent Whig and Re- publican in politics. They had thirteen children, nine of whom grew up to manhood, namely: James I{. and John F,, twins: the former was drowned in the Missouri river while wprking on the bridge at Kansas City; the latter djed in Taylor county, Iowa; .Wil- liam H.; Sarah married Robert Ellis and re- sides at Saline county, Missouri; Eli?a mar- ried William Kirk and resides in Lincoln county, Washington; Benjatnin B. is a mer- chant and resides in Augusta, Illinois; Henry C, is also a merchant and resides in Illinois; Edward M. resides in Henry county, and Mary married to Quincy AUphin and residing "near Andover, Kansas. Our subject was bprn in Cape Griardeau county, Missouri, June, 18^4, and was only six months old when the fan^ily settled in Illinois. IJe was reared on the farm and at- tended the country schools two or three miles distant from his home until he was twenty- one. He then attended Rode River seminary one year. He then rented a farm from his father and in 1863 settled where he now re- sides, and in 1868 became the owner of 160 acres of land. He now owns 333 acres of land and follows stock-raising. He is a good Republican and has always supported the scaur LEB AND BROWN COUNTIES. 495 straight ticket. He is interested in all matters tending to improve the welfare of the county or township. He has run for several of the local offices, but, owing to the Republican party being in the minority, he has been de- feated. He is a charter member of the Hunts- ville Lodge, No. 465, A. F. and A. M., and has been Master of the same lodge. He was married in 1881 to Rachel Baxter, daughter of James and Elizabeth (Cooper) Baxter of Ohio. The Baxter family came to Schuyler county in June, 1857, and settled in Huntsville. Mr. and Mrs. McCreeryhave had ten children, "six grown up, namely: Will- iam Morris, for fourteen months in the cen- sus office at Washington, is now in Augusta, Illinois; Frank M. and Fred H., twins, fie former at home and the latter dealing in im- plements in Augusta, Illinois; Harry, Ralph and Mary are at home. Mr. and Mrs. Mc- Creery are members of the Methodist Episco- pal Church, in which they are earnest work- ers. fDWARD HAGENER, one of the ^rm of Hagener & Schuman, dealers in wines and liquors, located at the corner ofState and Main streets, Beardstown, was born here in 1855, and was reared and educated in this same city, ^rid he has always resided here. He is the younger of three sons, all of whom are excellent business men. Their father, William Hagener, now deceased, was for many years prominent in the history of Beardstown. He was a man liked and re- spected by every one. He was a Republican in politics, and a member of the Lutheran Church. His wife yet living, aged seventy- three years, is one of the best old ladies in the city. Mr. Hagener established a wood and coal yard in 1877. He also dealt in farm imple- ments, and also managed a farm for some time in Hitchcock county, jS"ebraska, and spent some time in Colorado and California. His present business was established in Feb- ruary, 1890. He was married in this city first to Miss Carrie Nieman. She was born in this city, and died at her home in this city, when only twenty-three years of age. She left one child, John, now a clerk for his grandfather, Fred Nieman, Mr. Hagener was married a second time, in St. Louis, Missouri, to Miss MoUie Harmon, January 29, 1889. She was born and reared in Astoria, and she is an excellent housekeeper and the mother of two children, George E. and Pearl. Mr. and Mrs, Hagener attend the Lutheran Church, and Mr. Hagener is a member of the I. O. O. F., Arch Lodge, ISo. IQ. It is an old and very strong lodge. He has beei^ a public^spirited man, and a worker for everything of value for his city ar|d county. He takes no par- ticular part in politics, but votes the Repub- lican tifikpt. fOSEPH J. SMITH, of section 8, Pea Ridge township, is a native of North Carolina, having been born in that State, Chatham county, February 25, 1843. His father, Relliff Smith, was also born in the same county, December 4, 1810, being a son of Jonah and Patsy Smith. He married Nancy Dorsett, came to Illinois in 1851, and settling in North East township, Adams county, where he purchased land, becoming the owner of 180 acres of good land. He later removed to a farm near Clayton, and resided there until 1890; then as he had sold 496 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OF 0A88, his farm to our subject, he began to make his home with his son, and has continued with him ever since. His wife died in 1875. They had three children. Joseph was reared on a farm, and resided at home until he grew to manhood. He was married in the fall of 1861, to Elizabeth May, daughter of Benjamin May. She was a native of JNorth Carolina. Mr. May and his wife, Mary (Harris) May, were natives of the same State as their daughter, Mrs. Smith. They came to Illinois in the fall of 1846, settling, first in Mt. Sterling, where the father rented land for three years. He then removed to Pea Ridge township, where he first rented land and then purchased ninety acres in sec- tion 16, which was partially improved. Here he has since resided, becoming the owner of 280 acres of land. He still owns 150 acres. He dates his birth back to 1818. He had ten children, eight of whom grew up. Joseph resided at home after his marriage until the death of his mother. In the fall of 1889, he removed to Brown county, and pur- chased his present farm of 159 acres of land, fifteen acres of this is planted with as fine an orchard as is in this part of the State. This farm is a very good one in every way, as it ought to be, as Mr. Smith has always followed farming, and so ought to know how to de- velop his land. He deals largely in the cult- ure of small fruits and has been very suc- cessful with them. Mr. Smith's father was a blacksmith by trade, and pursued his trade in his native State. This work had no attraction for Jo- seph, however, and so he turned his atten- tion to farming, with verjr satisfactory re- sults, as his nice farm with the two sets of farm buildings testifies. Mr. and Mrs. Smith have no children. Mr. Smith is a Republican, but like his father before him he has refused any ofiice. He and his wife are members of the Presbyterian Church, of Clayton. They are very estima- ble people, and enjoy the respect of the whole community. fOHN BAUJAN, deceased, who died at his home at Beardstown, July 4, 1889, at the age of sixty-nine years, was born in Siegberg, Germany, April 6, 1820. He came of pure German stock and had grown up to the trade of stone and brick mason. He left Antwerp with two of his fellow towns- men, William and Philip Frisbaugh, in the spring of 1849. They landed in New Orleans and came up the river in one of the old river boats to St. Louis. The cholera was raging there at this time and' he came on to Arenz- ville, Cass county, Illinois, and was engaged there for some years at his trade of making brick, building several houses at that place. He then lived one year on a farm three miles from Arenzville, and in 1856 came to Beards- town and made this place his home until his death. He followed his trade and later he with Philip Frisbaugh, put up a sawmill and ran it two years. After that, with John Schultz, he purchased the gristmill at this place under the firm name of Baujan & Schultz. They did a very large and snccess- ful business here. At his death the mill in- terest went to his two sons, Louis and Edward. Mr. Baujan was a good, upright man and one of the city's best and most successful citizens. He was a Democrat in politics and a Roman Catholic in religion. He was an Alderman of Beardstown city and served in that capacity in a faithful manner. He was married in 1852, to Catharine Yock of Wiirtemburg, Germany, born September SCHUTLEB AND BMOWN COUNTIES. 497 10, 1828. She was the daughter of Jacob and Christina (Trouth) Yock, who lived and died at Wiirtemburg. They were members of the Lutheran Church and were worthy, hard- working people. Mrs. Baujan came of a large family, who now reside here. She has been a true, good wife and mother, and is a much respected lady of this county and a most con- sistent member of the Lutheran Church. Mr. and Mrs. Baujan had eight children, one, Philipena, died young. Those living are: John of the grocery firm of Baujan Brothers, on Fourth street, this city; Eosa, wife of John Schultz, a miller of this city ; Henry, who is a liveryman and blacksmith; Kate, wife of Charles Rupple, with his father, Henry Rup- ple, in the shoe business; Louis and Edward, of the firm of Baujan Brothers, millers; and Otto, of the firm of Baujan Brothers, grocery merchants. fAMES L. DE WITT, a son of the Rev. James De Witt, whose biography ap- pears on another page of this history, was born in Rushville township, Schuyler county, Illinois, April 30, 1845. He remained at home and led the life which usually falls to the pioneer farmer's son, until twenty-five years of age, when he was united in marriage to Miss Sarah F. Ross, who was born in this township and county, October 6, 1850. Her parents, Talbart and Catharine (Snyder) Ross, were natives of Kentucky and Virginia respectively. The father emigrated to Illi- nois about the year 1830, and died here at the age of forty-five years ; he purchased land and left one of the finest farms .in this locality. His wife was a native of the Shen- andoah valley, and died in Adams county, Illinois, at the age of fifty-six years. They had born to them a family of nine children, eight of whom are living. In his political opinions Mr. Ross attiliated with the Demo- cratic party until 1844; he then united with the Whigs, to whom he gave his support un- til 1856; he then east his suffrage with the Republican party. He and his wife belonged to the Methodist Episcopal Church, and were members of the Rev. James De Witt's con- gregation, in Littleton township; they were zealous workers in the Sabbath-school, and were among the pioneers in establishing and keeping up organizations. Mr. De Witt has been a citizen of this community all his life. He has represented the people in the various local offices; has been town Clerk, Justice of the Peace, and Collector, rendering entire satisfaction in his methods of conducting the business of these ofiices; it should not be omitted that he has filled the position of Supervisor three terms, giving the same faithful service that has characterized his transaction of business, both public and private. Mr. and Mrs. De Witt are the parents of two children: Jessie R. was born February 26, 1875; Clyde L. was born January 1, 1882. *il > >HOMAS J. CHALFANT, a well-known and influential citizen of Beardstown^ Illinois, was born in West Virginia in 1823. His parents, William and Helen (Adams) Chalfant, were natives of Pennsyl- vania. Here they were reared and were married, after which they moved' into West Virginia, and Mr. Chalfant followed his trade of ship carpenter until his death, which occurred when he was sixty-five years old. His wife had died previously, in 1832, leaving six children, three of whom are yet living. 498 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OF CASS, Thomas Chalfant is the only one of the family in this State. He came to the State when but twelve years of age, with a family by the name of Clark. He had lived with this family after the death of his mother. He assisted in farming until he was twenty- four, and then learned the trade of machine carpenter and pattern-maker, and after learn- ing was three years in a foundry. At last he went to work on his own account, and started to making wagons. For years he made a greater number of the wagons than were made in the whol6 surrounding country, but in time he was obliged to give way to the larger manufactories, and he then did repair- ing until six years ago, when he turned the business over to his son Walter, who now carries on the business with his partner, Mr. Doesser. Mr. Chalfant has lived in the town of Beardstown so long that he has seen it change from a wilderness to the growing, prosperous place it now is. He has lived here ever since coming to the State, with the exception of a trip he took in 1859. He started in that year for Pike's Peak, but be- came discouraged and returned home. Beards- town was the chief town for conveying goods from St. Louis to inland places, and oxen were used to draw the wagons from one place to the other, and this slow and laborious mode of travel was continued some time after Mr. Chalfant came to the State. He was married in Beardstown, to Miss Anna E. Norton, of Wheeling, West Vir- ginia, and the daughter of Thomas P. Nor- ton, a worthy pioneer of Hlinois. He started the first store and hardware shop of Beards- town. Two of their children are deceased. Their living children are: Helen, now Mrs. David B. Treadway, of Butler county, Ne- braska; Matilda, now Mrs. William Danner, of Kansas; Walter S., who carries on his father's old business, married Louisa Looken, and resides in Beardstown; Gertrude, now Mrs. James McClure; Anna, now Mrs. Edwin Stribbs, of Beardstown. Mr. Chalfant is one of Beardstown's most honored and respected men. He has worked his way up from a poor boy to the position he now enjoys. He has retired from busi- ness, and is now reaping the benefits of his years of toil and labor. fEPTHA PLASTER, an esteemed pioneer of Cass county, Illinois, for four years Associate Justice, and a prominent citi- zen of Chandlerville, was born in Robinson county, Tennessee, March 19, 1827. His parents, Thomas and Elizabeth (Batts) Plaster, were also natives of Tennessee, the families on both sides being prominent in the State, many members holding responsible public oiiices. Thomas and Mary Plaster, the paternal grandparents, were natives of North Carolina, who accompanied their son to Illinois in an early day. The grandfather was a devout and able Baptist minister, who, besides successfully conducting a farm, preached throughout Cass and adjacent counties, doing much good in the dissemina- tion of moral and religious knowledge. No opportunity escaped him of enlightening the people in regard to their obligations, and urging upon them a conscientious fulfillment of their duties. On one occasion, when the subject of this sketch and his grandfather were on their way to the mill, the old gentle- man, seeing a group of people, addressed them in an impressive discourse, after which he and his grandson resumed their journey. The grandparents lived to a very old age, and were the recipients of wide-spread and uni- SGHUYLES. AND BliOWN COUNTIES. 499 versal esteem. The maternal grandparents, Jeremiah Batts and wife, were life-long and respected residents of Tennessee, where they died at an advanced age greatly mourned by a large circle of friends. The father of the sub- ject of this sketch grew to manhood in his native State of Tennessee, and was there mar- ried. A few years after marriage, in the spring of 1828, leaving his family in Ten- nessee, he came alone to Illinois, and located Government land. In the fall of the same year, he returned after his family, who, with his parents, accompanied him on his removal to the Prairie State. The journey was made overland with an ox team and cart, several weeks being consumed on the way. Once, their cart broke down, and they were obliged to trade a horse for a wagon with which to proceed. On their arrival in Illinois, the grandfather settled on Government land in Morgan county, which then embraced what is now Cass county, the latter having been formed out of Morgan county territory in 1835. The father continued to live on rented land for a year or two, when he removed to his own farm. For twelve or fourteen years, he and his family occupied a little log cabin. This was subsequently replaced by a better log and frame house, which, in 1853, gave place to a substantial farm residence. His father purchased all his early supplies in Beardstown, which then boasted of but one log store. The country abounded in wild game, such as deer, squirrel, rabbit, tur- key, prairie chicken, etc., which, supple- mented by the products of the farm, formed the diet of the frontiersman. Thus, industri- ously and happily, the parents passed their lives on the old homestead, which they had reclaimed from the wilderness. It was in this home, made sacred by many ties, that the beloved mother expired at the age of fifty-five years. The father survived her but a short time, dying in 1858, aged fifty-six, as if unable to endure separation from his life-long companion. This worthy couple had nine children, three of whom survive: the subject of this sketch; Mrs. Bichard M. Johnson, living in Ohandlerville precinct, Cass county, Illinois; aTid Mrs. Elizabeth Layman, residing in Lincoln, Logan county, same State. Jeptha Blaster, whose name heads this memoir, spent his early days on the old homestead; and received his education at a subscription school and from private instruc- tion at his teachers home. In those days, it was customary for the teacher to board around in the various families of the neighborhood, each person subscribing toward the support of the school, according to the number of children sent; Our subject's father agreed to send two piipils, but usually sent and paid for three. When twenty-one years of age, Mr. Blaster rented land ftom his father, which he farmed until 185'i, at which time, induced by the gold excitemfent in California, he went over- land to that State, where he spent a year and a half prospecting and mining. He then returned to his old home, and worked on his father's farm. On October 14, 1858, he married Miss Elizabeth Johnson, an estimable lady, and a native of Morgan, now Cass, county, where she was born March 15, 1838. She was a daughter of John and Bosanna (Adkins) Johnson, both natives of Tennessee, who were early settlers and esteemed residents of this section of Illinois. Mr. Blaster continued to fellow agricultural pursuits until 1880, when he bought his valuable city property, on which he erected his present comfortable residence, and retired 500 BIOOBAPHIOAL REVIEW OF GAS 8, from farm life. His father left at'liis death about 1,000 acres of land, of which Mr. Plas- ter now owns about 600 acres, a good share of which he bought. Coming of a family of lifetime Democrats, Mr. Plaster has followed in their footsteps, casting his lirst vote in 1848 for Lewis Cass and "William O. Butler for president and vice-president. His constituents have em- phasized their appreciation of his abiltj and worth by electing him Associated Justice of Cass county in 1869. He is also a member of the School Board, his election to the latter position having been non-partisan and un- sought, although he appreciates the honor. Such unanimous endorsement of Judge Plaster's worth renders further remarks on the subject not only unnecessary but imper- tinent. He has brought to his ofBce a varied and extended experience, unusual acumen, and sustained powers of thought and reason as well as a reputation above reproach, to- gether with a kindly disposition, which can sympathize while condemning, thus winning the .hearts of his fellow-men. lAPTAIN ROBERT E. WILLIAMS, 3Cj, Postmaster and druggist, of Camden, has been one of the most prominent of its residents since 1850. He was born in Montgomery county, Kentucky, April 14, 1829, being a son of Robert P. and Christina A. (Urquhart) "Williams, both natives of Kentucky. The family came to Illinois in 1830, and first settled in Hancock county, but soon removed to Quincy. Robert "Will- iams was a lawyer and practiced law the re- mainder of his life at Quincy. He died in 1840. He was an ardent "Whig, and held local offices. He was also a member of the Metliodist Episcopal Church, being an earnest worker. "When he died he was only thirty- five years old. His wife died in 1833, aged thirty years. They had three children, of whom Robert is the only surviving member. The father of Robert P. was John, and he married Amelia Gill. They came to Illinois, and died in Pike county. They had a large family of twelve children which they raised. They were widely known and respected. Robert E. received a fair education, and then clerked in several stores until he came to Schuyler county in 1850 and engaged in farming, in Birmingham township, where he purchased 840 acres of land. Three years later he removed to Rushville and engaged in saddlery and harness, continuing in the same nearly twenty years, and was also en- gaged in the drug trade. In 1879 he came to Camden, and has since represented the drug trade in Camden. In the time of his country's need he enlisted in Company K, One Hundred and Thirty-seventh Illinois Volunteers, going as Captain. They were stationed at Memphis. Captain Williams raised this company and served 100 days, the time of the enlistment. On his return he assisted in raising Company K, One Hundred and Fifty-first Illinois Vol- unteer Infantry, of which he was made First Lieutenant. They were ordered to Nashville, and from there to join Sherman in Georgia, at Columbus. Here the company was mus- tered out of service. In the cyclone of 1887 Mr. Williams lost his building and a fine stock of goods. He was caught up and lodged in the branches of an apple tree, some distance from where he was. He was married in 1851, to Mary E. Baker, born in Missouri, a daughter of George Baker. She died in Rushville in 1877, leaving one 80HUTLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 501 son, Emory, now with his father. In 1879 Captain Williams was married to Nancy Allen, who was born in Ohio. Tliey have two children, Ellen M. and Myrtle A. He is a Republican in politics, and has been one since the formation of the party, and has held the position of Postmaster since 1880, with the exception of about ten months during the Cleveland administration. He is a member of Rushville Lodge, No. 9, A. F. & A. M., and Royal Arch and Chapter, at the same place. He was Master of the lodge two terms, and has held many of the minor offices. He is now Secretary of the lodge. He and his wife are worthy members of society, and are highly esteemed by all who know them. ^. ^ lEORGE EDWARD SNYDER, a prominent farmer and respected citizen of section 15, Buena Yista township, Schuyler county, Illinois, was born in the same section on which he now resides, the date of which event was October 7, 1836. His parents were Jacob and Margaret (Hughes) Snyder, natives of Virginia, who located in Schuyler county, October 5, 1835. His father was born August 9, 1798, and died Septem- ber 28, 1865, aged sixty-seven years. His mother was born March 23, 1798, and died November 7, 1849, aged fifty-one years. She was a woman of many admirable traits of character, much beloved, and lamented by her family and friends. His parents were married February 10, 1822, and located in Schuyler county, Illinois, October 5, 1835. They had four children: John W., born in Frederick county, Virginia, June 4, 1823; James W., born June 14, 1830, now residing on a farm near Hamilton, Illinois; Joseph W., born July 9, 1833, resides in Littleton town- ship, same State; and the subject of our sketch. Our subject was reared on a farm, and at- tended the district schools. He lived at home and assisted on the farm, until he was mar- ried, on October 25, 1859, after which he farmed for himself. He married Margaret McCreary, daughter of Robert and Fannie McCreary. After his marriage, he rented land in Buena Vista township, on which he remained for two years, and then purchased 320 acres in Huutsville township, where he lived until the death of his father, in 1865, when he sold his farm and returned to the old homestead, where he has since resided. He owns 162 acres of land and has good improve- ments. Besides agriculture, he deals largely in live-stock, in which he is very successful. His wife died March 16, 1877. She was a woman of ability and was much lamented by her family and friends. She left six children: Roland M., who was born September 9, 1862, now a farmer of Buena Vista township; Charles died at the age of seven years, four months and twenty-seven days; Florence was born April 10, 1867, and married P. Bartlow, now residing in Littleton township; Fannie was born August 8, 1870; Dwight C. was born May 27, 1874; and Carl C. was born September 14, 1876. Our subject married a second time Sep- tember 26, 1877, his choice being Mrs. Eva Ann Boyles, nee Krieole. She was born in Clarion county, Pennsylvania, March 16, 1845. Her parents were David and Mary Krieole, both natives of Pennsylvania, who re- moved to Ohio about 1846, locating in Benton county. Here their daughter, Eva Ann, married John H. Boyles, October 6, 1861, who in 1869 removed to Illinois, locating in Augusta, Hancock county, later removing to 503 BIOGBAPHIOAL BEVIEW OF OASS, Schuyler county, where he died September 19, 1873. He was a soldier in the Civil war, a member of Company D, Ninetieth Ohio, and served for three years, dying from the ef- fects of disease contracted during his service. He left five children: Mary E., born Novem- ber 2, 1862, who died aged sixteen years and three months; Martha Ann, wife of William Krieole, resides in Macomb, Illinois; Nora J. was born April 9, 1868, and died in 1873; Daniel H. was born March 12, 1870, now re- siding in Littleton township; V^iola M. was born December 16, 1872, and died in May, 1874. Mr. and Mrs. Snyder have two children: Lee Edwin, who was born January 29, 1878, and Eva Lena, born June 22, 1882. Politically, Mr. Snyder affiliates with the Democratic party, and has been honored by his constituents by an election to a member- ship of the School Board, in which capacity he has served for twenty-one years, and has also served as Koad Commissioner for a period of three years. Mr. and Mrs. Snyder belong to the Methodist Episcopal Church, of which they are respected members. Upright in his dealings, of high morality, and great industry, he has accumulated a comfortable supply of this world's goods, and what is best of all, enjoys in addition thereto the hearty good-will of his fellow citizens. fOHN P. MURPHY, of the firm of Murphy & Co., proprietors of the Cam- den Roller Mills, at Camden, Illinois, has been a resident of Schuyler county since 1886, born in East Tennessee, August 18, 1833, being a son of William L. and Matilda (Hill) Murphy, natives of Virginia and North Carolina. William's father was a na- tive of Scotland and came to the United States, settling in Virginia. He was a mer- chant of Richmond, Virginia. William, born in 1805, went to Sullivan county, Ten- nessee, when a young man, and there mar- ried, and still resides there, a farmer. His wife is deceased. They had nine children: Preston W., John, Robert E., William B., David W., James J., Martha Josephine, Mary and Caroline. John was reared on a farm and received a limited education. When he grew up he learned the trade of a blacksmith. When the war broke out he was exempted from serving, although he was conscripted. He worked for the Confederate Government at his trade at Knoxvilie. When Burnside captured the city John remained with the Union forces. In March, 1864, he engaged as engineer in a mill. In 1868 he returned to East Tennessee and worked as engineer for four years. In 1872, he returned to Brown county and continued his trade until 1886, when he came to Camden and pur- chased the Camden Roller Mills. He made many improvements, putting in the newest machinery, and has made it one of th6 finest mills of its kind in the vicinity. He has a flour, feed and exchange at Mount Sterling. He was married to Flora Gault, who was born in East Tennessee, a daughter of Robert Gault. She had one child, deceased. She died at Knoxvilie, Tennessee. Mr. Murphy was married at Mount Sterling, toMivina M. Black, daughter of Judge Samuel Black. He is a Democrat in politics, but takes very little interest in such matters. Mr. and Mrs. Murphy are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Murphy is a mem- ber of the Hardin Lodge, A. F. & A. M., No. 44, and also Chaplain of the R. A. M., SGHUYLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 503 at Mount Sterling, of which he was a promi- nent member for many years. He is also a member of Unity Lodge, No. 310, I. 0. 0. F., and has passed all the chairs in the same. tEV. WILLIAM WEIGAND in charge of St. Alexis' Catholic Church, Beards- town, was born in Zanesville, Ohio, April 12, 1852. He was reared in Brown county, Illinois, where his parents moved when he was a child. His parents were John and Elizabeth (Leisen) Weigand, natives of Hesse- Darmstadt, Germany. The father was a soldier in the regular German army and he came to the United States after his discharge and married bis wife in Baltimore, where she had lived after coming to America with her parents. Mr. and Mrs. Weigand settled in Philadelphia and afterward moved to Zanes- ville, Ohio, and from there to Brown county, Illinois, in 1864, and settled on a farm. Farming was the vocation of Mr. Weigand. He died soon after coming to Illinois when he was fifty-four years of age. His wife is still living, aged seventy-six years, and is the housekeeper for her son, the subject of this notice. She has eight children, forty- eight grandchildren and twenty-two great- grandchildren. The entire family are good Catholics and are successful in whatever pro- fession they have adopted, making hosts of friends. Mr. Weigand was thirteen years old when he was sent to St. Francis College, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Later he was sent to St. Joseph College and finished his course at a college in Ohio. The church at Beardstown is the first charge he has had since he graduated in the spring of 1878. He was ordained by the Right Rev. Father P. J. Baiters, now de- ceased, then of Alton, Illinois. The church has grown under Father Weigand in a won- derful degree. When he came there four- teen years ago he found the church bending under the weight of a heavy debt. He has not only cleared off the debt, but has recently finished a new church edifice that is one of the finest buildings in the county. The cor- ner stone was laid July 7, 1889. It is of brick and all the appointments, both inside and out, are of the most beautiful design. The altar furnishings are in keeping with the general tone of the whole building, and the whole taken together far surpasses any of the buildings used for religious purposes in Beardstown. The history of the church dates back to the '40s, when a priest from Quincy, Illinois, came to start the church in Beardstown. He built and added to the edifice. There are now about 100 heads of families in the church and it is in a growing condition, although the railroad strike of 1887 caused a decrease of twenty-five families. Father Weigand is a worker and is a man greatly be- loved by all his people, having studied their wants. He has charge of the parish at Arenzville. He had a parish school at Beardstown for a time, under his supervision. Father Weigand is a man of true Catholic spirit. HRISTIAN BROCKSCHMIDT, a general farmer and stock raiser in Beardstown precinct, was born in Washington county, Illinois, January 80, 1852. His father's name was Henry, who was a native of Hanover, Germany, grew up 504 BIOGBAPHIOAL BEVIJEW OF CASS, a blacksmith and came to the United States in 1828. He settled in St. Louis, Missouri, and later his father and stepmother, through his help, also came to America. After Henry came to this country he worked with the Eagle foundry of St. Louis, but losing his health he settled with his family on a farm in "Washington county, Illinois. His wife died some years later and he afterward went back to St. Louis and spent his last years there, dying in 1877 at the age of sixty- three. years. He was a skilled mechanic, an active citizen and a worthy member of the Lutheran Church. He was a Democrat in politics. His wife was named Katharina Helmick, a native of Prussia, who came to St. Louis when a young girl. She was a mother of nine children and died in 1866, at the age of fifty- seven. She was a good, kind woman and a member of the Lutheran Church. Christian is the youngest of a family of nine. He came here from St. Louis, where he had lived since he was fourteen years. He had been engaged as a teamster for many years. He came to Cass county, February 1880, first rented his land and then puK chased his present farm, August 12, 1890. It consists of 244 acres in what is known as bottom lands, and 120 acres are under the plow. This is considered a fine piece of farming land and is located in township 19, range 11. He was married in St. Louis, Missouri, to Louisa Shave, who was born in Prussia in 1850 and came to the United States when fourteen years old, located at St. Louis, Mis- souri, where her father, "William died in 1877. He was thrice married. His first wife, the mother of Mrs. B., died in Germany when the latter was very young. Mr. and Mrs. B. have three children : Ida E., Fred "W. at home, and Minnie, deceased. They are members of the Sixth Street Lutheran Church. He is a Republican. They are excellent people and highly respected. ILLIAM L. BRUMBACK, Postmas- ter and merchant at Huntsville, be- came a resident of that place October 22, 1864. He was born in Boone county, Kentucky, January 29, 1852, being a son of Peter "W. and Ann E. (Estes) Brumback. The former was born in Yirginia in 1801, but removed in childhood with his parents to Kentucky, where he passed his early life on a farm, learned the trade of brick mason, also silversmith. He married in Kentucky a lady who was born September 22, 1809, and died March 16, 1884. After his marriage he bought land and engaged in farming. In October 1864, they came to Schuyler county, Illinois, and settled in Huntsville, where he was interested for a short time in merchandise. He died November 27, 1867. He and his wife had twelve children, eight of whom grew to maturity, namely: Oliver, Benjamin, Mil- dred Harrison, Isabel Barmour, Adelia Smith, Nathan, "William L., Jessie Aleshire. Peter Brumback was an old-line Whig and later a Republican, being always prominent in poli- tics. His father, also Peter Brumback, was a German and came to the United States when sixteen years of age. He served seven years in the Revolutionary war, being present at the surrender of Cornwallis. His brother, John, also came to America. The two were sons of a ship-builder in Germany. Mr. Peter Brumback, Jr., was an earnest mem- ber of the Methodist Episcopal Church. William was reared on a farm and tilled the soil until 1881, when he engaged in 80HDTLBR AND BROWN COUNTIES. 505 mercantile business and still continues it. He is' a stanch Republican in politics. The appointment of Postmaster was conferred on him during Arthur's administration and he served nearly five years. In 1889 he vyas again appointed and now holds the office. He is also a Notary Public. He was married, July 8, 1889, to Mary E., daughter of Budley and Nancy Overstreet. She was born in Huntsville. Mr. Brura- back is a member of Huntsville Lodge, No. 465, A. F. & A. M. Mr. and Mrs. Brum- back are highly esteemed citizens of Hunts- ville. fILLlAM HALE, au honored pioneer of Schuyler county, Illinois, who has contributed materially to the phe- nomenal advancement and prosperity of this section by his superior executive ability, nnreraittmg energy and progressive dis- position, enjoys a well-earned repose in retire- ment at Rushville. He is a native of New Madrid county, Missouri, where he was born May 18, 1833. His parents were James and Charlotte (Briggs) Hale, the former a native of Georgia and the latter of Vermont. Joshua Hale, paternal grandfather of the subject of this sketch, was also a native of Georgia, while his father was a native of England, who emigrated to this country at a very early day, and located in the South. Joshua Hale moved to Missouri previous to the war of 1812, and was one of the pioneers of that territory, which at that time included a very large area, out of which many States have been formed, but which was then the frontier of civiliza- tion. Joshua Hale was a farmer by occupa- tion and secured a large tract 6f Government land in this new and fertile territory, but spent the last years of his life in New Mad- rid. James Hale was but a child when his parents removed to Missouri, where he was reared, educated and married, his wife being a lady of superior attainments and culture. She was a daughter of Asa Briggs, a brave and efficient soldier of the Revolutionary war; and widow of John Smith. In 1887, the family, consisting of father, mother and ten children, removed to Illinois. Here, al- though land could then be purchased for $1.25 an acre, the father, on account of limited means, was obliged to rent a farm for a few years. By industry and economy, he accumulated in time sufficient means to pur- chase a farra, and bought some choice agri- cultural land in Buena Vista township, on which he and his family located. This he as- siduously cultivated and made on it many valuable improvements, continuing to reside there until his death, his wife also dying on the old homestead. He was a man of ster- ling qualities of mind and heart, and enjoyed with his worthy wife the highest esteem of all who knew them. Their death was greatly lamented, not only by their immediate fam- ily and friends, but by the whole community. The subject of this sketch was only four years of age when his parents removed to Illinois, but he has a vivid recollection of the privations and vicissitudes of the long and toilsome journey, made in those pioneer days. The country was wild and sparsely settled, while game and wild fowl abounded in great profusion, such as deer, turkey, prairie chickens, etc., while the streams were full of excellent fish. People lived on the products of their land and wild game, while the subject of this biography and the rest of the family were clothed with homespun, manufactured by the unremitting toil of his mother's patient and skillful hands. 506 BIOGBAPaiOAL REVIEW OF 0AS8, Mr. Hale received the limited education afforded by the pioneer schools, and was reared to agricultural pursuits, early becom- ing accustomed to the hard labor incidental to farm life. Previous to his father's death he had invested in land, to vsrhich he subse- quently added, until he now owns 480 acres in a body in Baena Vista township, com- prising some of the best realty in that vicin- ity. He continued to reside on this farm, vyhich he brought to a high state of cultiva- tion and greatly improved, until 1892, when he moved to his present home in Rnshville. Here he has a substantial home with attract- ive and tasteful surroundings, all the ap- pointments of which suggest comfort and re- finement, where he and his worthy wife are enjoying in ease the fruits of their early in- dustrious efforts. Mr. Hale was married in 1855, to Miss Margaret Priscilla Sponamore, an estimable lady, a native of Schuyler county, Illinois, and a daughter of William and Mary (Green) Sponamore, pioneers and prominent residents of this county. They have had nine children, seven of whom now survive: Mary F. ; Sarah Malinda;, James F., Hester A., William 0., Lydia Belle, and John Martin, — all of whom fill positions of honor in business and society. The parents are earnest and useful members of the Methodist Episcopal Church South, to the support of which they contribute liber- ally of their means and influence. Politically, Mr. Hale affiliates with the Democratic party, and although not a poli- tician in the modern acceptance of the word, takes an active interest in all public affairs of importance. He is public-spirited and is al- ways ready to assist any worthy enterprise, tending to the moral, educational or material advancement of his vicinity. Whatever prosperity Mr. Hale has attained is entirely due to his own unaided efforts. By persistent industry, careful economy and intelligent management he has accumulated a competency, while his unimpeachable in- tegrity, unwavering fidelity and uniform courtesy have gained for him the universal esteem of his fellowmen. ILLIAM PILGER was born in the Rhine province, Prussia, Germany, in 1832. He remained with his father in farming until 1853, when he took passage for the United States on the ship Yaeger which was making its first voyage. He landed in New Orleans after a six weeks' voyage, and then came up to St. Louis by way of the Mississippi, and from therecameon to Beards- town. He spent the first five or six years here as a laborer. He was the first son of the family to come to this country, one sister having preceded him, another brother and two other sisters came over and settled in St. Louis. Here one died. Mr. Pilger came here a poor young man just twenty-one years of age. He began to farm here in 1858, and was actively engaged in farming and stock- raising from 1858 to 1891, when he retired to Beard stown. He owns 240 acres of very good land, forty being in timber, the rest im- proved and supplied with good buildings. He has made money by his own efforts and is now enjoying the result of those efforts. He has been a hard-working citizen and is well known in the county, and now resides on the corner of Eleventh and Adams streets. Mr. Pilger was married to Elizabeth Schmidt, who was born in Hesse- Darmstadt, Germany, October 20, 1830, and she died at her home on the farm, March 4, 1881. She SGHUTLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 507 was young, when, with her mother and other children, she came to the United States and settled in Cass county, where her father had preceded them two years. Mr. and Mrs. Pilger had six children, four of whom are living, viz.: Louis, a teamster in Beardstown, married Mary Stock; Lena, is the wife of Marshall J. Ratineau, a painter by trade; Henry C, is a farmer; William is also a farmer on his father's homestead, and married Mary Holbrook. Mr. and Mrs. Pil- ger and family are members of the Lutheran Church. Mr. Pilger is a Republican in politics, and is a man of influence in the city in which he has made his present wealth. He is great respected by all who know him. ^. -~s,+ fRAlSrCIS EUGENE CADY is one of the prominent pioneers and substantial farmers of Schuyler county, born in Stafford county, Connecticut, December 4, 1825, being a son of Isaac and Sarah (Chap- man) Cady. Francis was ten years old when the family came to Illinois, landing June 12, 1835. The family soon settled in Camden township, entering the northwest one quarter, section 18. Here he grew to manhood. He was reared on the farm, but learned the trade of bricklaying and plastering. After he was married he settled on section 18, on eighty acres of land, entered by his half brother, Alonzo Jones. Mr. Cady gave his attention to his trade for awhile, and then went to California in April, 1853, crossing the plains with an ox team most of the way. He was accompanied by his brother, M- E. Cady, and they took 150 head of cattle and thirteen head of horses. He remained two years and pur- sued mining, being successful at that occupa- tion. He returned via the Isthn^us and New York city. He now owns 160 acres of land, which he has well improved and on which he has erected a nice set of farm buildings. He was married in 1855 to Percilla Nor- vall, of Claibornecounty, Tennessee, a daugh- ter of William and Mary (Jenkins) Norvall, of Scotch parentage, the former born in Vir- ginia, the latter in North Carolina. Mr. Norvall received a good education and was a lawyer by profession, and was married twice, his second wife being Mrs. Cady's mother. He died at the age of sixty-live years, in 1825. Mrs. Cady was one of eleven children. A part of the family came to Illinois and settled in Huntsville in 1835, and Mrs. Cady was among the number. Here the mother died in 1858, aged seventy-two years. Her brothers and sisters are: William, Timothy, Ralph, John, Sarah, Henry, Nancy, Rufus Audren and Mrs. Cady. Mr. and Mrs. Cady have had four children: Mary, wife of Henry King, of Huntsville township; Isaac N., a ranchman in California; William E., farmer of Huntsville township; Francis E., at home. He is a Democrat, but has never sought public oflice. He is a mem- ber of Camden Lodge, No. 668, A. F. & A. M. eS*- fAMES M. EDWARDS, of the firm of Edwards & Cavens, Camden, Illinois, general merchants, was born in the northern part of Greene county, Illinois, Sep- tember 12, 1839. He was the son of Ishara B. and Sarah (Day) Edwards, natives of Vir- ginia and Kentucky. The father of our sub- ject went to Kentucky when a young man, where he married and in the winter of 1830 came to Illinois and settled in Greene county, entering land and engaging in farming, and he there passed his remaining years. He ■508 BIOOBAPHIOAL BEVIEW OF GAS8, died in February, 1882, aged seventy-nine years. His wife died at the age of sixty- two years. Father of subject owned over 1,000 acres of land, and at one time he was a large stock- raiser. They had thirteen sons and three daughters; twelve of whom grew up. The subject was the thirteenth child. He was raised on the farm, and in August, 1857, was married to Miss Melinda E. Hoots, daughter of David Hoots, of Scott county. Our subject, after his marriage, purchased laind and pursued farming in Greene county until 1862, in August, of which year he enlisted and was mustered into service with Company H, Ninety-first Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and served for two years and nine months as a private soldier. He was in the battles of Elizabethtown, Mabeto, Richmond, Ked River expedition and many other battles. After the war he resumed farming in Greene county for one year, and then sold out his farm and went to the Cherokee lands in Indian Nation, and one year later he returned to Greene county, and two years later came to Schuyler county, and purchased 160 acres of land, which he improved further and sold. He has since improved ten farms in Schuyler county, numbering at least 2,000 acres. He has been a liard worker and has improved more farms than any other man in Schuyler county. He owned a sawmill for eight years, and for thirty-two years has run the mill for threshing machines. He has at all times been ready to engage in any business which would promise to make any money. He has been at all times very successful in all of his enterprises. He now owns 160 acres of land, and property in Camden. In 1891, he engaged in his present busi- ness. He dealt in live stock for twenty years. Mr. and Mrs. Edwards have had eight children, six are living: Sarah J. mar- ried Harvey Bleckledge of Henderson county, Illinois; Etta married George Watt and rie- sides in Camden township; Trissie married Nicholas Notson of Schuyler county; OUie Belle married Amos Cavens, her father's partner; Mary Emeline and Daisie D. In politics, Mr. Edwards is a Republican. He has been Justice of the Peace and other local offices. He is a member of the Cam- den Lodge, No. 648, A. F. & A. M- He is also a member of the G. A. R. Post in Brooklyn. ^ENRY J. BAUJAN, a successful liv- eryman, blacksmith, dealer in imple- ments and buggies and owner of the Palace Hotel, was born December 20, 1859, in this city, and was here reared and edu- cated. He is the second son of John Baujan, who was born in Germany and who, when he was twenty-nine years old, came to the United States. He followed his trade of brick ma- son in St. Louis for one year and then came to Cass county, and was married at Arenz- ville, and later came to Beardstown. Here he established a brick-yard, did a manufact- uring business for some time and later be- came connected with the gristmilliug business under the firm name of J. Baujan & Co., until his death, in July, 1889. He was over sixty-nine years of age when he died and was a well-known and popular German of this city. Our subject is one of seven children. He has always lived in this city and here learned his trade of blacksmith, before which he worked in his father's mill. He has been in the livery business for one year and carries a aCHUTLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 509 fine class of outfits and good horses. He has been a blacksmith and farm implement dealer for nine years, and has always made money. No doubt a great deal of it is owing to his good habits and his energy as a business man. He was married to Kosa Milner, born in this city August 23, 1861. She was here educated, although she completed it at St. Louis, and she is an intelligent, agreeable lady. Her parents, Hannah and Richard Milner, of English descent, are well known settlers of this city. Mr. Milner has for six- teen years been the Chicago, Burlington & Quincv bridge tender and Government water ganger of the Illinois river. These old peo- ple are connected with the better elements of the city. They are Methodists and con- sistent Christians. Mr. and Mrs. Baujan attend the Methodist Episcopal Church. He is a Democrat in politics, has been Alderman of the city, and is a public-spirited young man. They have three children, Nellie, Verna and Glenna. ffAMES PERRY, a prominent citizen of Versailles, is a native of the Blue Grass country, being born there in 1817. His father was Edmond Perry, a farmer of South Carolina, and his father was Nathan Perry, a farmer of the same State, who came to Illi- nois in the fall of 1830. Edmond Perry had made the journey the year before, in the com- pany of his two brothers and a brother-in- law. They spent the winter of 1829-'30 in Illinois and were here during the big snow- storm, which is a historical one. In June of 1880, he returned to his family and brought them and his parents to the new country. The trip was made in the regulation style, covered wagons and ox teams, and, although they were a month on the jonrney, they en- joyed it to a remarkable degree. There was a fascination in the free life they led, camping by the roadside when they made their stops. One night the party had the luxury of sleep- ing in a vacant house in Springfield. The party consisted of seven families of the Perrys, including two brothers-in-law. They came with limited means, but before long by industry they all were in comfortable circum- stances. The old grandmother Perry had been a Miss Rebecca Yarbrey, and she was the mother of eight children, all of whom eventually came to Illinois. She and her husband lived to be aged people, he dying at the age of eighty-two years and she some three years before him. Their children were: Edmond Perry, fatiier of subject, eighty-two: Luke Perry, eighty; Melvina, seventy; Will- iam died in the prime of life; Edward, about seventy; Sarah, over seventy; Irving, about sixty; Benjamin, baptized in the Baptist Church, is about sixty; John, baptized in the same faith when seventy -five years of age; Edmond Perryj married Rachel Bridges of North Carolina, and they had eleven children, all of whom grew up and had families, namely: Martha, died when she was about fifty, leaving nine children; Phoebe, died when a young woman, leaving four children; Rebecca, wife of Samuel Briggs, of Versailles ; Ichabod, a retired farmer in Mt. Sterling is a widower; James, of this sketch; Nathan, a farmer of this township; Sarah died in this township, leaving six children, being about fifty at her death; Melvina died in the prime of life, leaving one child; Louisa married and in middle life; Francis, farmer of Mt. Sterling, has six sons; and Luke, a farmer of Stone county, Missouri, who has six children. The mother died when about seventy-six years of age and the father four 510 BIOaBAPHIGAL REVIEW OF 0AS8, years later, when he was eighty-two years of age. They left a good estate aud are remem- bered as being among the best of the pioneer families of the State. Mr. Perry was married, in his twenty- third year to Eliza Hills of Indiana, daugh- ter of Robert and Betsy (Angel) Hills, who came to Schuyler county before the big snow- storm. They died on their farm at an ad- vanced age, he when he was seventy-five, and she when she was a year younger. Mr. and Mrs. Perry settled on their present home of eighty acres in the fall of 1841, Oc- tober 15. He now pays taxes on about 560 acres of land, although he started with very little money. All of their eleven children are living, the eldest fifty-three and the youngest twenty-six. There is not a death in the family and all of the children are mar- ried and settled in life. These children are: Charles, now a banker in Knoxville, Iowa, with two sons; William Perry (see sketch); Olive, wife of J. B. Masters, a retired farmer of Denver, with three children; Francis, a farmer of this township, with four children; Kobin, a farmer of Mt. Sterling township, with one daughter; Almira, wife of Richard Underwood, a farmer living tiear by, has four sons; Elizabeth, wife of James Butler, a farmer of this township, six children; Ed- mond, a farmer of this township with two, children; Eliza, wife of E. W. Lanier, a a farmer living near by, four children; and James K.., a farmer on the old homestead, two children. Mr. Perry supports the principles of the Democratic party and he and his wife are members of the Baptist Church. Mr. Perry is now an old man, being about seventy-five, while his faithful wife is about two years younger. He is practically retired, but takes a strong interest in all that is taking place. and is as much interested in the welfare of his children and grandchildren as if he were yet a young man. These children are persons to be proud of, as none of them ever contract any debts that they are not perfectly able to pay, all have been well educated, and are worthy sons and daughters of their respected and honored parents. The old people's hearts are gladdened by the merry prattle of the thirty-three grandchildren who have been added to this large and prosperous family. J. ROWLAND was born in Frederick county, Virginia, near Winchester, '^ January 15, 1864. His father, Mat- thew M. Rowland, was born in the same county. His father was a native of Wales and came to Virginia where he lived until his death at an advanced old age. Mr. Matthew Rowland was a farmer all his life; he mar- ried Miss Margaret Campbell, also of Vir- ginia, who died in Jacksonville, Illinois. Mr. Rowland died in Virginia, in 1834, when his son was still very small. Our subject began to support himself when he was eleven years old. He learned the saddle and harness business at Zanesville, Ohio. Here he remained after learning his trade. He then removed to Newark, Ohio, and began business for himself and remained there six years. From there he went to Coshocton county, Spring Mountain, and from there to Coshocton, the county seat. The war then broke out and he enlisted in the One Hundred and Third Ohio Infantry and served about two years when he was dis- charged by the close of the war. He made a fine record in the army and was a brave soldier. He settled in Keokuk, Iowa, and SCHUYLER AND BROWN OOUNTIES. 511 remained there three years and then re- moved to Brown county, and has resided here ever since. He was married in Newark, Ohio, to Miss Lenora Barring, of Slatestown, New York, born September 18, 1850. They have had eleven children, seven of whom are living, namely: Blendon L., Lonise, Lu- cinda C, Abner C, Lovey -Augusta, Bessie [. and Homer M. Mr. Rowland worked at his trade at this place until he retired. He is connected with the Methodist Episcopal Church and has been for forty years. He has been a member of the Masonic fraternity for about the same number of years. He and his wife are good, highly esteemed citizens of the place and have earned their right to their present life of ease by years of toil in their younger days. fACKSON C. HOFFMAN was born in Lexington, Virginia, February 14, 1826. His father, Joseph Hoffman, was born in 1801 at the same place, but his grand- father, David, -was born in Germany and came to America at the close of the Revolu- tionary war and settled one mile west of Lexington, Virginia. His occupation was that of a farther and tanner, which he con- tinued as long, as he lived, dying at the age of eighty- nine years. His father, Joseph, was also a tanner, continuing the business of his father until his death, which occurred at the age of fifty-two years. He was a great temperance man and advocated his doctrines upon any and all occasions. His mother's name was Elizabeth Windel, born in Lex- ington, "Virginia, and dying in Huntsville, Alabama, at the age of fifty-six. She left five children, three of whom are still living. Mr. Hoffman started out to carve his own fortune one year after the death of his father in Lexington, Virginia, and worked there until nineteen years of age. He then volunteered for the Mexican war and served twelve months. The regiment was detailed for guarding train provisions from Camargo to Monterey. It was discharged at the former place and Mr. Hoffman returned to Frankfort, Kentucky, where he remained for two years. He then built a mill on Camp creek, in Estill county, Kentucky, and car- ried it on as a saw and grist mill for a time and then moved to Irvine and worked at his trade for about two years and then moved to Madison county, Kentucky, near Clay county. Here he remained for four or five years. He then moved from there to Clark county, Kentucky, near Winchester, and there run a sawmill for two years. From there he moved to Armistead, Blackwood's place, the same county. After that he went to Mt. Sterling and followed his usual occu- pation of carpentering. He remained there six years and then removed to Cooperstown township, and thei-e remained six years, then went to JMissouri and farmed for one ■ year, and then returned to Versailles, where, he has since remained. He was married in Kentucky, to Margaret Eads, born in Estill county, Kentucky, about 1825, and is still living. Mr. and Mrs. Hoffman have five children: Elizabeth, Charlton, Matilda, Joseph and Mary Ann. Mr. Hoffman has held the offices of Magistrate and School Trustee and has belonged to the Methodist Episcopal Church for seventeen years. Politically he is a Democrat, and a member of the I. O. O. F., and for eighteen years has held all the offices of a subordinate 512 BIOORAPHIUAL SB VIEW OF CASS, lodge. He has twenty-eight grandchildren and two great grandchildren. He is the owner of a well improved farm of forty acres. fRED W. HUGE, one of Beardstown's most influential contractors and builders, was born in Hanover in 1832, January 27. He learned his trade of carpenter with his father and worked with him until twenty years of age. He was the first to leave the home roof when he set forth for America. He came from Bremen to New Orleans and landed after a voyage of six weeks and three days. Fifteen more days were consumed in going to St. Louis, and from there he came to Beardstown. Here he has had his home ever since. Four of his brothers and sisters have joined him, and one brother, William, was a soldier in the Rebellion for two years. The other brother is a furniture dealer in Beardstown. The parents of Mr. Huge, Casper H. and Anna M. (Peters) Huge, both lived and died in their native country. One daughter still lives in Germany. Mr. Huge had made a success of his busi- ness, and has built nearly all of the business houses in Beardstown and a good many of the residences. He is a member of the Cen- tral Building and Loan Association, and is influential in many other ways. He is a Democrat in politics and a Lutheran in reli- gion. Mr. Huge was married in Beardstown, to Miss Anna Slater of the same town in Ger- many as Mr. Huge. She grew up there, and was educated there, also. Her parents lived and died there, but she and a sister, Eliza, came to the United States. They were the only ones, however, of the family that ventured across the deep sea. Mrs. Huge was only seven- teen years of age when she landed in this country. She has resided, ever since her arrival, in Beardstown. Mr. and Mrs. Huge are members of the Sixth Street Lutheran Church, of which Mr. Huge is Trustee, and has been for sixteen years. They have six children: Dina, now Mrs. John Leger, a shoe dealer of the city ; William, a tailoring cutter in Chicago; Lizzie, who died in her fifth year; Fred, a hotel clerk in St. Nicholas Hotel, Springfield ; and Julius, who died when six months old. Such men as Mr. Huge are wonderful aids in the building up and growth of , the town. He is honored and respected by all who know him. LCHARD B. FULKS is a retired mer- chant, living at his pleasant home at Beardstown. He was born at Rushville, Schuyler county, New York, February 6, 1840. This boy grew up under the name of Dick, and has borne that title ever since, be- ing scarcely known by any other title. He is a man who has made his own fortune and carved his own history. His early life was a struggle to acquire book knowledge. Dur- ing his boyhood days he studied hard and served as clerk as early as fourteen. He was with the firm of Shaw & Merriman of Beardstown for some time, and in 1857 he became a clerk for Charse, Rich & Parker, of this city, and was thus engaged until the breaking out of the war. He enlisted August 21, 1861, as a private in Company K, Thirty- third Hlinois Volunteer Infantry, Captain Lippincott and Colonel Charles Hovey, of Normal, Hlinois, in command. In 1862, while encamped at Ironton, Missouri, Mr. Fulks issued for three months a camp jour- SCHUYLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 513 nal called the Camp Cricket. This knowl- edge of newspaper work he had acquired when but yet a boy; and later, in 1860, by ■working at night and at odd times in the office of Thompson & Irwin as assistant in publishing The Central FUinoian of Beards- town. After a service of two and a half years as a private Mr. Fulks was commissioned as Quartermaster Sergeant and in that capacity served till the close of the war on the staff of General Lippincott. After serving as a brave soldier he was mustered out and discharged properly and honorably at Springfield, in De- cember, i865. During the war he was in many engagements, including the burning of the big bridge on the Iron mountain railroad in 1861, later at Frederickstown, Missouri, and afterward did guard work on the Missis- sippi river, and htj saw much active service, but escaped without a scratch. He went through the battles of Vicksburg, Jackson, Mobile and Spanish Point and at Placeo, Texas. While at Meridian, Mississippi, he received a severe sunstroke, from which he has never recovered. The Government re- members him with a pension. When the war closed he laid aside the soldier's habili- ments and resumed citizen's dress and re- turned to Beardstown. He then resumed his mercantile pursuits. The qualities for which Mr. Fulks is noted are grit and push, and as he put them in his business he has made a success of it. He has added to the general welfare of the city, which gives him credit for making it the thriving place it has become. No misfortune ever shocked or worried Dick. He has had three disastrous fires, which in each case represented heavy losses to his stock and his business, but he has pulled through and managed to have a surplus at the bankers, to supply all demands. Hard work and years finally told upon hira. he lost his health, and had to retire from active labors in 1887. He has owned and dealt, sometimes quite extensively, in city property. He was married first, in this city, to Lydia M. McClure, who was born and reared in Cass county and died at Denver, Colorado, April 10, 1878. Her body was brought to this city and interred in Oakwood cemetery. She was then in the prime of life, being born about 1843, and was a well educated woman, having been second principal of the school in this 6ity. She Was a member of the Con- gregational Church, and left one daughter, now a well educated young lady, named Inas. He was a second time married, in this city, to Miss Mattiej of Louisville, Kentucky, a bright young woman, who died two years after, and was buried at her old home. He was married a third and last time to Miss Etta Brown, who was born and reared here, but died at the birth of her first child, in 1885. The child is a bright little girl of seven years, named Anna D. He has been a member of I. O. O. F. for some twenty-five years, a member of the Knights of Honor, and one of the pro- moters and charter members of the G. A. R. order. He has served the city as an Alder- man for some time, and has been a member of the Board of Education. He has always been a strong Republican. ^ '> f'HOM AS EDWARD CUNN INGHAM, a highly respected citizen of section 30, Buena Vista township, Schuyler county! Illinois, was born in Rushville, of this State, on May 2, 1860. His paternal grandfather, William Cun- ningham, was a native of Kentucky, in which State he was married, and in 1837, came to 514 BIOOBAPHIOAL BEVIBW OF GASS, Rushville, near which place he was for some years engaged in farming.. Later, he has kept a hotel, and still later, removed to Mt. Sterling, where he continued in the hotel business until the time of his death, which occurred in February, 1871. He was twice married. His first wife, the grandmother of our subject, died, leaving nine children. He had no children by his second marriage. The nine children were as follows: William, born on October 31, 1816, died in Schuyler county; Nancy J. was born on October 31, 1818, and married William Cooney, who died in Canton, Illinois; Woodson was born on September 23, 1820, and died in Brown county; Caleb was born on August 22, 1822, and died in California; Joseph was born on October 17, 1824, and died in Brown county; Ellen was born on November 17, 1826, and married William Bowling, who died in Schuyler county; John was born on November 30, 1828, and died also in Schuyler county; Thomas was the father of our subject; Lu- cinda, the only surviving member of the family, was born on October 16, 1834: ; she married Isaac Warrington, and resides in Camden township, Schuyler county. The father of our subject was born on De- cember 23, 1830, and removed with his parents to Illinois. He was reared in Unsh- ville, where he was married on March 16, 1859, to JMancy Ann, seventh daughter of Edmund and Lucy Ann Smith. She was born in Kentucky, on February 23, 1833, and came to Illinois when sixteen years of age. The father of our subject resided in Rush- ville, until the close of the Civil war, and owned and operated the stage route between Rushville and Mt. Sterling, for many years. In 1866, he settled on a farm in Buena Yista township, where he purchased 160 acres of ■i^and, where he passed his declining years. On this property he built a large, handsome brick residence, and made other substantial improvements. He died at his home on September 22, 1882, leaving a wife and family to mourn his loss. His faithful wife survived him seven years, passing away on March 30, 1889, lamented by all who knew her. They were consistent members of the Christian Church, contributing liberally to- ward its support. Politically, he was a Democrat, and was elected by his constituents to the office of Supervisor of Buena Yista township, serving in that capacity for several years. They had eight children: William, born on February 17, 1885, married Margaret Green; Charles D., born on August 5, 1857, married Mary C. Unger; Thomas E., born on May 2, 1860, married Clara A. Wilmott; Lucy A., born on July 30, 1863; Amanda E., born on May 19, 1866; Nancy J. was born on April 2, 1869, married Charles Hes- ter; Woodson J., born on July 19. 1873; John M., born on July 9, 1876, died on July 10, 1876. Of these, seven are still living, all being residents of Schuyler county. Thomas Edward, the subject of our sketch, was reared on the home farm, and attended the district schools. In 1881, he was married to Miss Clara A. Wilmott, a native of Schuyler county, where she was born on June 3, 1859. She was a daughter of Morris and Dorotha Wilmott, highly re- spected citizens of that county. She died on September 30, 1890, leaving a husband and three children to mourn her loss, be- sides a large circle of friends. They bad three children: Reverda, who was born on March 13, 1884; Bertha, born on November 9, 1885; Raymond, born on November 13, 1887. aCHUTLEB AND BROWN COUNTIES. 515 Mr. Cunningham carries on the homestead, besides which he owns forty acres of his own, all of which is under a high state of cultiva- tion, and which is applied with all modern improvements, of machinery and buildings, to facilitate the planting and gathering of his crops. In politics, he follows in the footsteps of his fathers, affiliating with the Democratic party. Of high integrity and morality, courteous and cordial in manner, and interesting in conversation, he enjoys the esteem of his fellow citizens and the affectionate regard of his family and friends. »SAAG MISENHIMER, farmef add stdck^ |l raiser of Frederick township, was born iti ^ Clay county, Illinois, September 28, 18391. His parents were Jacob and Elizabeth (Mc- Grew) Harris. Mn Harris was a native di Pennsylvania and his wife of Indiana. They were married in Clay county, Illinois, where their parents had moved, being among the first pioneers of that county. Mr. Harris died in 1848, and his widow survived him some ten years. The family moved to Schuy- ler county when Isaac was about nine years old. He was educated in Schuyler county and was reared on the farm, and he has fol- lowed that business ever since. He enlisted in Company I, First Illinois Infantry, and served three years in the Western army. He participated in the battles of Shiloh, Britain Lane, siege of Yicksburg, and was present at the capture of Little Rock, Arkansas. When he returned from a furlough the regiment was back in Tennessee and he there re-enlisted and was in Tennessee until he was mustered out in March, 1865. Returning home after this, he settled down to farming. He owns 223 acres of land in excellent farming condi- tion, and two years ago he built one of the most commodious and comfortable houses in the county. He has large barns, and alto- gether his farm is among the best in the county. His grade of stock, too, is very fine and he is among the most prosperous of the citizens of this section. He was married, September 27, 1867, to Miss Penelope Gillet, of Schuyler county. Her parents were Elijah and Eliza Gillet, who were among the very first settlers of the county. She was the youngest of seven chil- dren. Mr. Misenhimer was one of five chil- dren, only two of whom are living. They have one child, Jennie, born December 28, 1874, and is still at home. She is a young lady of tine attainments and holds a teacher's certificate. She is a fine musician, also. Mr. Misenhimer is a Democrat in politics. »EWIS SCHISLER, Je., son of Lewis Schesler and Anna Schisler, was born in York county, Pennsylvania, April 14, 1851. His parents were natives of the same State, but came to Illinois among the first settlers and located near Astoria. Here Mr. Schisler died when only twenty-seven. His widow married again, but her second husband died in Iowa when out there visiting. Mrs. Schisler bore her husband fifteen children and ail are living. Of this large family, Louis was next to the youngest. He was educated in the country schools and worked on the farm. His father was a miller, and worked at his trade until the time of his death, but afterward his widow bought a farm and removed there with her family. Mr. 516 BIOGRAPHIOAL REVIEW OP GAS 8, Schisler still resides on this farm with his mother and attends to all the management of it for her. He was married to Miss J ulia Coldrider, of York county, Pennsylvania. Mr. and Mrs. Schisler have eight children, all of whom are living: Ananias, John, Josephine, Sarah, Anna, Daniel, Noah and Harry. The family of Schislers is of German ori- gin, although remote, as the family has been established in America for several generations. Mr. Schisler is a Kepublican in politics and he belongs to the United Brotherhood Church, known as Duukards. The 160 acres that he farms for his mother are in splendid condi- tion, and speak well for his management and thrift, for which the well cultivated fields and comfortable farm buildings the place is one of the finest in the county. |ge||ESLEY M. GRIMWOOD, merchant IffffiW ^^ Frederick, Illinois, was born at l*^^ Akron, Ohio, February 7, 1855. He is the only surviving member of a family of four children. The father was a mechanic by profession and a native of England, where he was born February 18, 1816. His father was also born in England and married Maria Clapper, daughter of Daniel Clapper. He started for America with his family in 1830, but was wrecked off the coast of Prince Edward's Island, and he and his family re- sided there for two years and then removed to Providence, Rhode Island. In 1858 he moved to Akron, Ohio, where he died in 1864. His wife died at Akron, Ohio, in 1876. The father of our subject was born, reared and educated in England and came to America with his parents in 1833. He was aboard the steamship Royal William on her first trip across the Atlantic, thus demonstrat- ing the feasibility of steam navigation. In the fall of 1837 he removed from Rhode Is- land to Pekin, Illinois, where he married Miss Anna Eliza Brewingam. In 1859 he removed to Schuyler county, where his wife died, in 1868. He was a stanch Abolitionist and later a Republican. During a political riot at Alton, Illinois, he was struck on the head with a club, and almost killed by a member of the mob, who afterward killed that honored patriot Elisha P. Lovejoy. He served his county as Supervisor, Justice of the Peace and various other offices of respon- sibility. He was an honored and respected citizen. He married Miss Alice A. Bartho- low, of Astoria. She was a daughter of Jasper and Olive Bartholow, natives of Ohio. Both are now dead. They were pioneers of Fulton county. They had four children. Mr. Grimwood was educated in the com- mon schools of Schuyler county, and at Wa- bash College, at Crawfordsville, Indiana. He learned the wagon maker's trade with his father, and followed it for about twenty years, when he engaged at merchandising at Fred- erick, here he carries on a general store. Mrs. Grimwood is a member of the Christian Church, and Mr. Grimwood is a member of Browning Lodge. No. 389, 1. O. O. F., and of the M. W. of A., a beneficial order. Mr. and Mrs. Grimwood have three living chil- dren: Charles L., Ferol Fern and Don Wes- ley. Mr. Grimwood is a stanch Republican, and has been Clerk of Frederick township for the last twelve years. He is the candidate of his party from the Thirty-fourth District, for Senator. He did not seek this honor, but when notified of his selection, consented to allow his name to appear on the ticket. 8GHUTLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 517 This is a genuine case of the office seeking the man. He stands very high in the esti- mation of the people. fOHN T. HILLS was born in Oakland township, Schuyler county, Illinois, in 1841, a son of Jackson Hills, who was born in 1812; his father died in June, 1842, so that in infancy he was deprived of his guidance and care. The paternal grand- father, Ephraim Hills, was a native of Penn- sylvania; he was a farmer by occupation, and came to Oakland township from Indiana when Jackson Hills was a lad of twelve years; he settled on a farm of 160 acres, on which he lived until death during the war; he had attained near four-score years of age. His first wife died, leaving a family of five chil- dren, but his second wife survived him; one eon, James, died at the age of twenty-four years, leaving a wife and one son; Ephraim is a farmer, residing in Missouri; Jackson, the father of our subject, died at the age of twenty-five years, leaving a widow and two sons, William Henry and John T. ; his wife's maiden name was Delilah Fowler, a daughter of Thomas Fowler, of New York, who came to Illinois as early as 1825. John T. Hills was reared from his twelfth year by his uncle, Henry Hills: his mother was married a second time to William Schroder. He had just attained his majority when the great war of the Kebellion arose, and he offered his service in defense of the old flag. He went to the front a member of Company 0, Seventh Missouri Cavalry, and served three years and three months as a private. He was mustered out at St. Louis, after which he returned to Oakland township; he was held a prisoner at Fort Smith, Arkansas, for three months, at the end of which time he was exchanged; he experienced many of the horrors of prison life, but was fortunate in being released before the confinement had sapped his life away. Mr. Hills was united in marriage the first day of the year 1866, to Miss Mary E. Chock ley, of McDonough county, Illinois, a daugh- ter of Benjamin and Sally (Du Wese) Chockley, natives of Kentucky, who settled in Illinois at an early day. He then settled in Littleton township, on 160 acres of land, which he sold at the end of the first year; he rented one year of his wife's father, and then purchased a tract of forty acres; here he re- sided three years, returning to his wife's home where they passed six years. In 1880 he bought eighty acres of his present farm, paying therefor |700; he has sixty acres un- der excellent cultivation, and he has made many valuable improvements. He carries on a general farming business, raising corn, wheat and clover, and some live-stock; twenty acres have been set to timber, which is in a flourishing condition. Mr. and Mrs. Hills have buried three infant children, two sons and a daughter, and four children survive; the mother died in 1882. Mr. Hills was married a second time to Mrs. Martha Fowler, nee Chockley, sister to his first wife. The children of the first marriage are: Delilah I., wife of Hiram Fow- ler; Genevra; Lilladocia, wife of William O'Donnell; and Tennessee ; the children of the present wife are: Eldow C, aged eight years; Inez L., five years old; and Perry E., an in- fant of two years. Mr. Hill has a foster son, a nephew, named Alvin E. Toland, aged twenty-three years, now a resident of Mc- Donough county. He is a member of Fre- 518 BIOGBAPEIOAL REVIEW OF 0A8S, raont Post, No. 33, G. A. R. He is a man of good business ability, has been fortunate in all his undertakings, and enjoys the respect and esteem of his fellow men. j)EV. HARVEY A SKILES, pastor of the Union Baptist Churches at Browning and Denver, in Hancock county and Spring Creek in Sangamon county, is one of the very early settlers of Schuyler county, born here August 29, 1829. His parents were William and Sarah (Perkins) Skiles, who lo- cated in Schuyler county after their marriage sixty-eight years ago. The grandfather was a farmer in Rushville township, where he set- tled in his early manhood and died. The mother died during the cholera epidemic in 1852. Harvey A. Skiles says that he received his education in the backwoods seminary, to which he walked two and one-half miles night and morning. Later in life he applied him- self to sludy in the line of theology. Thirty- nine years ago he was ordained a minister in the Union Baptist Church, and has been con- stantly in the ministry to the present time. He has on ten or more occasions walked forty miles in a day and preached at night. His labors in those days were not pathways lined with roses, by any means. The pay consisted largely in provisions and necessaries, and they were not always in very liberal quantities. He preached two years in Fulton county for a wagon load of frost-bitten corn. It is cer- tain Mr. Skiles did not preach for the emolu- ments derived from it. In late years his pay has been satisfactory and work not arduous. He worked on a farm in his early manhood, and continued until the last twenty years, thus securing a livehihood for his family. giving his services in the ministry for the good of humanity. Little was expected in return for his labors except the satisfaction of duty well done; certainly, little was realized in a temporal sense. Mr. Skiles spent four- teen years preaching in Iowa, and has preached two years at Keokuk since locating at Browning, going from here to his appoint- ments. He married, September 15, 1854, Mary A. Wright, daughter of William and Rebecca Wright, who came to Schuyler county in 1835. Mrs. Skiles was born October 31, 1836. She was the eldest of a family of nine children, eight of whom are still living. Her father died August 15, 1884, and the mother died March 13, 1891. Mr. and Mrs. Skiles were born within one and one-half miles of each other, attended the same school, grew to maturity as young acquaintances and friends, which resulted in matrimony. They have had six children, but only one is living, Bele, now Mrs. Billingsley, and resides near Camden, Illinois, her husband a farmer. Mr. Skiles is a stanch Republican, and takes a lively interest in political matters. The family owns a pleasant home, located in Browning. EORGE W. CAMPBELL was born in Richland county, Ohio, October 30, 1827. He was the son of Peter L. Campbell, a native of Virginia. He was of Scotch ancestry, and his father and he re- moved from Virginia to the Northwest Ter- ritory about 1797. As the Indians at that time were hostile, he returned to Virginia and resided there for a short time, but in 1800 he concluded that he was much more likely to gain a fortune in the new West than in the old East, so he returned to his western SCHUYLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 519 home and settled on the west bank of the Ohio river, and remained there a few years. He then wandered to Richland, and from there to Crawford county. Mr. Peter Camp- bell learned the trade of tanner, and followed it till 1843, and then came to Illinois in the fall of 1844. He was accompanied by his wife and eight of his twelve children. They made the entire journey overland with teams. He settled in what is now Bainbridge town- ship, where he had previously bought a tract of land in section 4, the northwest quarter. Like all the land of that date, there were no improvements, and they resided with another family for a short time after their arrival. The following year he built a cabin on his own land, where he lived to the day of his death. He made many improvements on the farm and erected tasteful buildings. His death occurred August 19, 1881. His wife's name before her marriage was Agnes Jones, and she was born in Virginia, July 6, 1801. She was the daughter of Oliver Jones. Mr. Campbell was a Democrat in politics, and served as County Assessor for two years, and several terms as Justice of the Peace of the township, and County Treasurer. He was a strict Predestinarian Baptist, of which de- nomination he was an Elder. The subject of this sketch was seventeen years old when he came to Illinois. He did not come until the following year after his parents came. He came with a team. Coming here as he did when there were so few settlers, and about the only inhabitants were the wild game, he had a good opportunity to watch the growth of the country, as he has been a resident of this township ever since. He has occupied the farm he now resides upon since 1870. He married, January 20, 1853, Laura A. Neill, the daughter of James Neill. She was born in Weatherfield township, Trumbull county, Ohio. Her father was a native of Tyrone, Ireland, liis first wife was a native of the same county, and he and she died there. After her death he came to America, bringing his only child with him, and settled in Trumbull county, and bought timber land and erected the log house in which Mrs. Campbell was born. Here he lived until 1846, and then moved to Illinois, accom- panied by his five children, and settled in Rushville. Here he bought land and pur- sued the occupation of farming until his death in 1864. The maiden name of his second wife was Mary Stewart, daughter of Archibald Stewart, a native of Ireland, and of Scotch ancestry. She was a native of Ohio, and died in Trumbull county about 1843. Mr. and Mrs. Campbell have ten children living, namely: James N., Agnes M., C. Stewart, Edward L., Mary W., Lewis E., Jonathan, Milton, Amy L., Delia K.; L. Jen- nie and Lucy M. died in infancy. Mr. Campbell is a Democrat and cast his first vote for Lewis Cass. He has served twelve years as Justice of the Peace, and seven years as Assessor. He also served several terms as Supervisor, and one term as Sheriff. fAMES GROVE R, farmer of Mt. Ster- ling township, was born in 1841. He is the son of Henry P. Grover (see this book). James attended the pioneer school, and afterward taught in a log house where the furniture was of the most primitive kind, —seats made of rough slabs, with wooden pegs for legs. He worked for his father until twenty-one, and then rented some land from him for two years. He then bought 520 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OF 0A88, some land in Mt. Sterling township, and there built a log house, 16 x 18 feet. The log house gave place in time to neat buildings of all kinds, and he resided here until 1882, when he traded with his father for the old home- stead. His present farm contains 160 acres, highly improved, with farm buildings that compare favorably with any in the town.«hip. He married, August 13, 1863, Miss Mar- garet C. Putnam, of Brown county, Illinois. She is the daughter of William and Martha Putnam. Mr. and Mrs. Grover have three bright, intelligent children, — Minnie, Arthur and Oscar H. Mr. Grover and wife are members of the Primitive Baptist Church. Mr. Grover is a stanch Democrat in politics. ^DWAED BERTHOLF has been so closely identified with the early politi- cal history of Schuyler couuty that this volume would not be complete without an extended review of his career, which began here May 1, 1836. He is a native of Orange county, New York, born April 9, 1816, a son of John and Elizabeth (Perry) Bertholf, na- tives of New York and New Jersey respect- ively. The family is descended from the Hollanders, who emigrated in colonial days to New York. The father was a farmer by occupation, and resided all his life in the Empire State. They bad a family of thir- teen children, twelve of whom grew to ma- turity; ten married and reared families. Ed- ward grew to manhood amid the scenes of farm life, and attended the common schools; at the age of sixteen he began to teach school; and followed this profession until he was twenty. At that age he removed to Hlinois and located at Rushville, Schuyler county, his older brother, Henry B., having settled here previously; here he taught a school and assisted his brother, who was Judge of the probate court, deputy Clerk and county Re- corder; he was thus introduced into court- house work, and has since passed one-half of his time in various ofHces. In 1848 he was appointed Treasurer of the school fund, and held the office until 1869; he continued teach- ing, served as deputy for other offices, clerked and kept books for the merchants of Rush- ville. In 1848 he was also elected Justice of the Peace, and retained the office for more than twenty years; he, finally resigned both this and the office of school trustee. In 1847-48 he was deputy Sheriff and Collector of Taxes; he was elected deputy Clerk in 1855, and six month later, on the death of the Clerk, Nathan Moon, he was appointed to the office of county Clerk. In 1860 he was elected Sheriif and served one term ; two years later Thomas J. Kinney, went into the war, and he took charge of the office of Cir- cuit Clerk, which Mr. Kinney had previously filled, and continued to transact the business during the remainder of the term; he was then deputy County Clerk, and is still in the office of Circuit Clerk during court. Mr. Bertholf was married in November, 1838, to Mary E. Jackson, a daughter of Levi and Lydia (Wilcoxen) Jackson; nine chil- dren have been born to them; one died in infancy and the eldest, William H., died at the age of twenty-one years ; Horace is a resi- dent of Cherokee county, Kansas; Frank E. is a citizen of Rushville; Fred L. is a farmer of this county; John Jesse is also a farmer; Emily Ann married Thomas W. Moon; Har- riet E.; Mary E. is the wife of E. W. Bick- ford of Plymouth, Illinois. In his political convictions Mr. Bertholf adhered to the principles of the Whig party until 1856, and since that time has been a SOHUYLEB AND BROWN COUNTIES. 521 Democrat. He is a member of the Method- ist Episcopal Church, and lias been a liberal supporter of the society. In 1862 he pur- chased the farm on which his father settled, and owned this land until March, 1891. He has never been connected with any civic society except the Sons of Temperance. Levi Jack son, father of Mrs. Bertholf, was a native of Connecticut, and was there reared and mar- ried; he removed from that State to Ohio, and thence in 1836, to Schuyler county, Hli- nois; he died in July, 1868; his wife died in 1839; tliey reared a family of four daughters and three sons. Mr. Jackson was a shoe- maker by trade, but followed farming from the time he settled in Ohio until his death. He was married a second time, bnt had no children by this union. Politically he affili- ated with the Republican party. jTEPHEN BRANNAN, deceased, hav- ing died at his home in Beardstown, """^ Illinois, September 16, 1875, was born in Queen's county, Ireland, about seventy-two years ago. He came of pure Irish ancestry. His mother had died in her native country, when in middle life. Her name was Anorah Brannan. His father later came to this country, joined his son in Cass county, and after having lived here twelve years, died at his home, aged eighty- four. He and his wife were all their lives Roman Catholics. Mr. Brannan came to Cass county a poor man in 1849. He had given up a farmer's life in Ireland and when twenty-three years of age went to England, spent three years in Liverpool and in 1849 reached the United States. He had been nine weeks in the city of New York before he came on to Beardstown and here the scenes of his active life began. He was a hard-working farmer and stock- raiser and became prominent as such in the county. He was successful in accumulating land, having worked around for seven years; he then purchased and began to farm for him- self. He first bought eighty acres, which be- fore his death he had increased to 880, and 340 of it is still in the family. This land is in Indian precinct. He was married, in Beardstown, to Eliza- beth A. Riley, who was born in Londonderry, Ireland, August 7, 1835. She was the daughter of John and Margaret (Kenan) Riley, natives of Dublin, Ireland. Mr. Riley and his wife had both come to England when young people, were married in Ashton, England, and there Mr. Riley followed for a time the trade of a baker and was so engaged throughout England until 1836, when he came to the United States and located in Beardstown. Four years later his wife and children came over on the same ship with Mr. Brannan of this notice. Mr. Riley ob- tained land in Indian precinct, about 650 acres, and it was upon this place that John Riley and wife labored, successfully, and died about the age of fifty- five years, having been all their lives good Roman Catholics. Mrs. Brannan washer parent's only child. She has kept the property together and is a good manager. They had thirteen children, four of whom are dead. Nicholas is now a farmer on the old homestead; John Jr., is also a farmer at the same place; R. Edward is a partner with his brother in farming; Mary A., at present housekeeper for her brothers on the farm ; Nora is at home witli her mother; Thomas is a clerk for Werner & Stoneagle; Lizzie is at home, while William and Stephen work for their brothers on the farm. 533 BIOGBAPHIGAL REVIEW OP 0A88, Mr. Brannan was a good neighbor, a kind father and husband and a consistent member of the Roman Catholic Church. LIAS CLARK, a prosperous retired farmer and an esteemed pioneer citizen of Cooperstown, Illinois, was born in Virginia in 1808. His parents were Josiah and Jane (Adams) Clark, both natives of the Old Dominion. The latter was a daughter of John Adams, a native of Maryland, who removed to Vir- ginia in an early day, but who later re- turned to his native State. By this marriage there were ten children, six sons and four daughters. The devoted wife and mother died in middle life, and was buried on the old farm in Virginia. The father afterward married again, his second wife being Lucy Menifee, a native of Pennsylvania, who be- longed to a large and prominent family of that State. By this marriage there were also ten children, eight sons and two daugh- ters, most of whom are still living and reside in Ohio. The subject of this sketch spent his boy- hood on the home farm in Virginia, and had but few educational advantages, having at- tended the subscription schools but for a short time. He was trained to drive four and five horses by one line, riding one of the wheel horses, and in this manner made many long trips to Washington, District of Columbia, Fredericksburgh and Falmouth, on the Potomac. He made one trip to Balti- more, a distance of 100 miles, with ten bar- rels of flour, and returned with merchandise. He counts these as among his happiest days, when, in company with other teamsters, he would camp out in his wagon at night. In 1835, he and his father and family moved from Virginia to Ohio with a covered wagon and a team of horses, the party num- bering thirteen persons. His father and family settled on eighty acres of timbered land, the timber being mostly chestnut and dogwood. Here they resided until the venerable man died. He was well into the nineties at the time of his death, about 1850. In the fall of 1851, Mr. Clark sold his Ohio farm and removed to Illinois, which was then the frontier of civilization. He was ac- companied by his wife and eight children, six sons and two daughters. The long jour- ney was made overland with two lumber wagons and two double teams of horses, and was rendered exceedingly tedious on ac- count of bad weather and miserable roads, in addition to which his children were taken sick with the ague. He inquired on the way for a healthy location, and was directed ta Adams county, Illinois. Before reaching there he rented a house east of Mt. Sterling, where he and his family remained until the following spring. He then rented the farms of two brothers, Henry and Mike Huffman, who were going to California. He was to reap the wheat, which was then half grown, and this helped him to a good start, as he realized therefrom 250 bushels as his share. This was a windfall to him, as he had little or no means, and it secured for him bread and seed for the following year. One of his sons worked in a tanyard and earned the the price of two cows, which then cost $10. His other son took a job of clearing timber from some land, and drew the wood to market. Thus all put their shoulder to the wheel until brighter days dawned upon them. Mr. Clark afterward rented an old farm of 160 acres, which was a part of his present place. He lived there two years, when he 80HUTLER AND BROWN OOVNTIES. 523 built a good brick house on his own farm, his house having an excellent cellar under the whole of it. He paid $1,000 for 160 acres, and most of it was wild and covered with brush. He now has 140 acres of this under good cultivation, while twenty acres are of timber, which is planted with blue grass, which makes good pasture. He has fertilized his land with clover, and grows about forty acres each of corn and wheat, realizing as high as forty bushels of wheat to an acre, and sixty and seventy bushels of corn. He has ceased, for some years, from active labors on his place, although still en- joying fair health. His first wife died, aged nearly seventy years, and is buried on the farm. They had seven children, three of whom are living: Joseph W. died May 31, 1859, leaving a wife and three children; Elias died in Ohio, when an infant, in January, 1842; Jonah was stabbed at Cooperstown, Virginia, when twenty-one years of age, and died November 29, 1859; Moses was a volunteer in the Civil war, and died March 7, 1871, aged twenty- eight years; Martin, also a volunteer in the late war, passed through the conflict in safety to return home and meet with an ac- cident by which he lost a leg in a threshing machine. He is now farming on his father's land. This son and two daughters are the only living children. One daughter, Tabi- tha, now Mrs. George Kendrick, lives on a farm near Mt. Sterling, and has four chil- dren; Massy J., the other daughter, is the wife of George HoUis, a prosperous farmer, who lives in Gibson City, this State; they have eight sons. Mr. Clark's present wife, with whom he has lived ten years, was the widow of Will- iam Lozden. Her maiden name was Eliza Curlew, and she was born in Kentucky, in 1835, and was reared on the frontier in Missouri, when the aborigines were plenti- ful. She had seven children by her former marriage, four sons and three daughters. Politically, Mr. Clark has been a Demo- crat until recently, and now votes independ- ently, regardless of politics. Religiously, his faith for twenty-five years has been that of the Methodist Church, to which he renders much valuable assistance. These are a few of the most prominent events of an eminently busy and useful life, which is deservedly crowned with prosperity and the esteem of his fellow- men. fAMES W. BLEYER was born near Franklin, Franklin township, Pennsyl- vania, June 17, 1860. His father, Sam- uel Bleyer, was born in Connecticut, and his father, Alex. Bleyer, was a native of the ISew England States. The ancestry of the family is Scotch. Mr. Alex. Bleyer removed from Connecticut to Pennsylvania, and died in that State, and his son was reared in the State of his birth. Here he followed farming until he removed to Williamsport and re- mained a few years, and then returned to Franklin county, and still resides on a farm. The maiden name of his first wife was Bar- bara Kane, and she was the mother of James. She was a native of Connecticut, and she died in Franklin county, Pennsyl- vania, in 1875. James was reared and edu- cated in his native State. He was fifteen years old when his mother died, and from that time he cared for himself. He had learned the printer's trade in the office of the Press at Chambersburg, at the age of four- teen, worked there one year, and with the exception of a few months has followed the 524 BIOORAPHICAL REVIEW OF 0A8H, trade ever since, and has set type in the principal offices east of the Mississippi river. In May, 1891, he bought the office and good will of the Brown County Republican, a weeldy paper devoted to the interests of the Republican party. He was married in 1890, to Hattie May. She was born in St. Louis, Missouri, the daughter of David and Alice May. Mr. Bleyer is a member of Cincinnatus Lodge, JSTo. 287, K. of P., and of the National Tele- graph Union. He has always been a sound Republican. ^ ^ fACOB HOWELL is one of the oldest settlers of the county now living in Bainbridge, he having been born in what is now Woodstock township, Schuyler county, Illinois, April 23, 1833. His father, John Howell, was a native of Guilford county, North Carolina, where he was reared and where he married. He emigrated to Hlinois across country with teams, accompanied by his wife and five children, locating in what is now Woodstock township. It was a wild and cheerless country, that in which the pioneer North Carolinian and his family settled. The cry of the wolves startled the children by night. Deer and turkeys haunted the big woods. Most of the land was owned by the Govern- ment. Neighbors lived far apart. Yet he went to work with a stout heart upon a tract of land, sixteen acres of which had been cleared. A log cabin stood upon the tract and there the subject of this sketch was born. The father resided there until his death, in August, 1833. The maiden name of the mother of Jacob Howell was Sarah Manlove, daughter of William Manlove, born in North Carolina. After the death of her husband she married a second time, a man named Stephen Frazer. She died on the home farm in 1842. But an infant when his father died he was doubly an orphan when but nine years old. From that time onward the brave and per- severing lad was made to care for himself. He was able to attend the primitive school of his youth — the conventional log cabin with its splintered seats and puncheon floors, where, somehow, boys did manage to pick up knowledge nearly, if not altogether, as good as that of the present date, when the pupils are given the advantages of culture, aesthetic furnishings and scientific appli- ances. He began work upon the farm at $5 per month, continuing to work oat until 1858. In February of that year he started out with others to make the overland journey with ox teams to California. It was a peril- ous undertaking for this inexperienced lad of less than twenty. The only white settle- ment between the Missouri river and Cali- fornia was the Mormon one in Utah, which report declared was to be nearly as much to be dreaded as the hostile Indians who scoured the plains in search of victims. Reaching California he first engaged as cook for a threshing party, receiving $3 per day. A few weeks of this life sufficed and he under- took mining, which disagreed with him and he went to southern California, where he en- gaged in the raising of hogs. In 1859 he re- turned to Schuyler county, and bought the farm he now owns and occupies. Since that time he has devoted himself to agricultural pursuits. In the following year, 1860, he was united in marriage to Rachel Parker, who has borne him four children: Emma, Addie, John and Fred. Mrs. Howell was born in Bainbridge SOHUTLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 525 township, and is a daughter of John and Emily Parker, who are natives of ISTorth Carolina and pioneer settlers of Schuyler county. Mr. and Mrs. Howell are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Howell is a Republican in politics. jAVID THROW, an old resident and well-to-do farmer, now living at his old home on section 27, township 17, range 12, was b'orn in Baden, near Heidelberg, Germany, June 3, 1823. He was only twelve years old when his father, Michael, died, at the age of forty-four. For eleven years he had been a soldier in the Spanish provinces, and had seen much hardship and had many unpleasant experiences. He is remembered as a brave German soldier. His wife, who survived him, came to the United States shortly after the death of her husband, bring- ing with her five children, two having comp before. She sailed from Bremen and carne via New Orleans, being fifty-six days on the water. The family, including the mother and seven children, settled in Cass county, except one who died in New Orleans. Thp mother died at the home of our subject in 1880, aged eighty-four. She h^d spent her last years with him. She l^ad b.een a good woman all her life, and slae and her husband were consistent menabers p,| the German Lu- theran Church. David jCame ^o th^s coixnty in 1844, and began life as a laborer in Beardstown. He then decided to become a farmer, after hav- ing worked and saved his money for nine years. He rented one year and then bought the farm where he now lives. His first pur- chase was of eighty acres, and he afterward 86 entered forty acres of Congress land, adjoin- ing his first purchase. He afterward im- proved this and added to it until he owned 200 acres. He disposed of part of his land to August Hausmeyer, and expects to retire and move into Arenzville after the spring of 1893. He added buildings to his farm and made it comfortable in every way. He was married in Beardstown to Maria A. Eradt, who was born in the same town and ^'province as himself, coming to Amer- ica on the same vessel with him, and they were married sqon after landing. Her par- ents came to tl^is country a few years later and settled \x\ Bellville, where they continued until the epd of their lives. They are mem- bers of the Lutheran Church. Mr. ai^d Mrs. Thron are honored and re- spected members of the Lutheran Church, and he is a Democrat in politics, and they are the parents of seven children. They ex- perienced a great grief in the loss of four of them in a few weeks, in the fall of 1863, of diptheria. Their natnes were: Yalentine, fifteen years old; Henry, thirteen years old; David, Jr., nine years old; and Anna M., seven years old. The living are: Michael, a workman on the Quincy Railroad, who mar- ried Elizabeth Garrick; Elizabeth, wife of Henry Kneke, a farmer in this county; and Louis, a farmer in Cass county, who mai-ried Dora Fellow. Mr. and Mrs. Thron are among the best of our German citizens, and are highly respected by all who know them. EORGE W. F R I S B Y, a prosperous farmer of Schuyler county, was one of the pioneers of this section, and is justly entitled to the following space in this his- tory. He was born near Watertown, Jeffer- 526 BIOQRAPHICAL REVIEW OF CASS, son county, New York, June 21. 1821, a son of Sparrow Frisby, a native, of the same State; the maternal grandfather emigrated to the United States from "Wales; he resided in New York for some years, and then re- moved to Connecticut, where he passed the last years of his life. The father of George W. was but an infant when his mother died, and he was then taken into the family of Dr. Wesley Willoughby, of Herkimer county. New York, and there grew to mature years. In the spring of 1837 he made a trip to Illi- nois in search of a permanent location; he came to Schuyler county, and selected a tract of land in what is now Woodstock township; he built a log house in the midst of the wilderness, and in the fall was joined by his family; after a few years he sold this place and removed to Rushville, where he worked at the trade of painting and paper-hanging; he was a resident of that place at the time of his death. The maiden name of the m^other of our subject was Lydia Willoughby, a na- tive of Herkimer county. New York, and a daughter of James and Lydia (Cook) Wil- loughby, natives of Connecticut and pioneers of Herkimer county; the last years of her life were spent in Eushville. George W. was sixteen years old when he came to Illinois in the fall of 1837; the journey was made by the most convenient route at the time; via team to Utica, thence via the Erie canal to Buffalo, thence by steamer to Cleveland, thence by canal to Zanesville, thence by team to Portsmouth, thence via the Ohio, Missis- sippi and Illinois rivers to Schuyler county, landing at a point then known as Erie. Mr. Frisby had attended the schools in New York State quite regularly, and after coming to Schuyler county was a pupil one term in the primitive school of the frontier. He lived at home with his parents until he was twenty- one years of age, and then he worked at the shoemaker's trade for two years. He next took up the cooper's trade, which he followed five years, and then engaged in farming. In 1860 he settled on the place he now owns and occupies, section 8, Bainbridge town- ship. Mr. Frisby was married in 1845, to Eliza- beth Thompson, who was born in Greene county, Pennsylvania. They have five chil- dren .living: Ann Elizabeth, William V., Mary C, James and Serilla H. The parents are members of the Free Methodist Chnrch. Politically our subject is idefitified with the Republican party, and has represented the people of his township in many offices of trust and honor; he has been School Trustee and Director, Collector, Town Clerk, Con- stable, Magistrate, and at the present time is School Treasurer, an office he has held more than twenty-five years. He has dis- charged all the duties devolving upon him with rare fidelity, and has the utmost con- fidence of his fellow-men. NDREW L G S D O N , aprominent farmer of Bainbridge township, has been a resident of Schuyler county, Illi- nois, since he was a child of seven years. He was born in Cooperstown township, Brown county, Illinois, March 13, 1858. His father, Joseph Logsdon, was a native of Kentucky, born in Madison cotinty, September 6, 1809, and the grandfather, William Logsdon, was also born in Madison county, Kentucky; he was a planter by occupation, and spent all his life in the county of his birth. He married Elizabeth Beheimer, a Virginian by birth; after the death of her husband she emigrated from Kentucky to Illinois., and died in Brown SORUTLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 537 county, at the age of eighty-four years. Jo- seph Logsdon was reared in Kentucky, and was there married. In 1844 he came to Illi- nois and located in Brown county, where he purchased sixty acres of unimproved land in Cooperstown township; there he resided un- til 1865, when he removed to Woodstock township, Schuyler county; here he bought a tract of land that had been improved, and on it he has since lived. He was married to Lucy Parker, who was born in Madison county, Kentucky, May 1, 1815, a daughter of Jonathan and Patsey (Everson) Parker. Of this union were born eight children, seven of whom lived to mature years. Andrew Logsdon, the subject of this no- tice, was reared from his seventh year in Woodstock township, and received his educa- tion in the common schools of that neighbor- hood. At the age of twenty years he assumed the responsibilities of life, and began his career as a farmer on rented land. In 1882 he purchased the land which he now occupies, located on section 6, Bainbridge township. He is engaged in general farming, and ha.s been quite successful in his operations. He was united in marriage in 1879, to Kft- hamah Terrill, a native of Bainbridge town- ship, and a daughter of Jackson and Elizabeth Terrill. To them have been borp four children ; Maude, Hugh, Lucy and Elizabeth. Politi- cally Mr. Logsdon has, always been inde- pendent, and is now identjiie.d with the Peo- ple's party. < ^ (EQIiGE H. KIKKHAM, a prominent farmer and progressive citizen of Little- ton township, Schuyler county, was born in Brooklyn township, this county, April 22, 1846. His parents were Henry and Elizabeth Kirkham, his father still living in Buena Vista township, this county. Our subject received his education from a private teacher, who boarded about at the diflperent homes, teaching in the various families, his facilities were thus necessarily limited, all of which have been supplemented by subsequent endeavor and self instruction. At the age of twenty, he enlisted in the war on August 15, 1861, serving in Company G and D, Twenty-eighth Illinois Infantry for four years, under the command of Captain B, C. Grillam. He was with his regiment all through the war, with the exception of about four months, when he was sick and in the hospital at Monterey, and went through the international struggle without receiving so much as a scratch. He was mustered out of the service in Brownsville, Texas, and honor- ably discharged in March, 1866. He had a brother and two step-brothers also in the late war, his brother in the same regiment as himself, while his step-brothers served in the Fiftieth Illinois Infantry. His brother served for three years, ^t the end of which time he weut as a substitute, serving until the close ojE the war. Both of his step^brothers were r.e- enlisted. After the war he returned to Schuyler county, and on November 6, 1870, was mar- ried to Anna E. Garrison, who was born in this township and county, July 31, 1846. She was a daughter of George and Sarah Garrison, prominent pioneers of this county, who both died here, her father at the age of seventy-seven years. She was one of eleven children, ten still living. Our subject is one of six children, five living, all of them farmers. After marriage, he located where he now resides, on a part of the old Garrison farm, he having made all the improvements at present noticeable on the place. He built, 525 BIOOJRAPUIOAL REVIEW OF CASS, in 1882, his present large and comfortable horns, and now has good barns for his grain and stock, besides various other modern con- veniences, facilitating the handling of the various products of his farm, which is devoted to mixed agriculture. He has recently added to his original farm by purchasing 160 acres, and now has one of the largest and best farms in the county, having more than 800 rods of tiling on his place. Mr. and Mrs. Kirkham have ten children: Charles L., at Normal school, born January 6, 1872; Elizabeth, born March 27, 1873,. wife of William Blodgett; Ida F., born No- vember 16, 1874, now attending the Normal school; William R., born December 14, 1876; Margaret G., born August 4, 1878; George H., born May 16, 1882; Anna B. M., born September 4, 1884; James O., born January 4, 1888. Politically, Mr. Kirkham is a Republican, and cast his first vote for General Grant's first term. He served as Collector of his town- ship during 1890, doing in that capacity creditable and satisfactory work. He is a member of Colonel Hornej Post, G. A. R., No. 131. He and wife are consistent members of the Christian Church, of which Mr. Kirkham is Deacon, and for the support of which he and wife are ardent workers and liberal contrib- utors. Intelligent, honest and public-spirited, he commands the respect of all, while his more amiable virtues have won the affectionate re- gard of his fellow citizens. Hbnet Kikkham, one of the oldest living pioneers and most highly esteemed citizens of Schuyler county, dates his first appearrnce on the stirring scene of this locality on January 4,1835. He is a native of Ohio. His father, Henry Kirkham, was born in Virginia, Sep- tember 2, 1769, while his grandfather, Michael Kirkham, came from Ireland, where he was married, to the United States, locating first in Virginia, and later moved to Kentucky, residing in Lexington, that State, for seven years, during the Indian troubles. He died in Kentucky in 1835, aged ninety-six years. His wife died on the same day, aged ninety- four years, both dying of cholera. The father of our subject removed from Virginia when a boy, accompanying the family to Kentucky, where he was married to Mary Gay. She was a native of Kentucky, having been born in that State in 1773. She died September 9, 1820. The parents of our subject removed from Kentucky to Ohio, coming in 1834 to Illinois, locating in Rush- ville township. Here his father died April 12, 1840. His parents had ten children: Aanes, born February 3, 1794, married John Patterson, and died in Ohio; Sarah, born February 15, 1796, married John Kaze, and died in Mis- souri; Margaret, born January 6, 1798, was married, anddied in Bloomfield Illinois ; James, born January 11, 1800, died in Ohio ; John, born September 6, 1802, died in Schuyler county, Illinois; Michael, born February 20, 1805, died in Schuyler county, Illinois; Mary, born August 7, 1808, married Martin HufEstetter, and died in Iowa; Rebecca, born February 20, 1810, married Peter Wempler, and died in Schuyler county, Illinois; the subject of our sketch, was born in Ohio; William, born August 1, 1815, died in California. At the age of five or six years, our subject removed with his parents to Monroe county, Indiana. Here he was reared on a farm, at- tending the district school, but receiving but little instruction. On January 4, 1835, he married Elizabeth Hinkle, and at once came to Illinois, locating in Schuyler county. He SOHUYLMB AND BROWN 00TTNTIB8. 529 was poor, consequently rented land for some years, finally purchasin^^ land in Woodstock township, Schuyler county, where he re- mained until the close of the war, when he removed to Buena Vista township, where he now resides. Here he owns eighty-two acres, which he has vastly improved, having erected a substantial residence and barns for grain and stock, besides numerous other modern conveniences for the pursuit of farming. His land is under a good state of cultivation, being devoted to mixed agriculture. It was here that his wife died, September 26, 1847, leav- ing six children to his care. She was a lady of much intelligence and many admirable traits of character, and was greatly regretted by her family and friends. The children were: James, born February 13, 1836, still residing with his father; William, born Sep- tember 26, 1837, was a soldier in Company G, Twenty-eighth Illinois, serving three years in the army, then re-enlisted and did duty until the close of the war, and now resides in Portland, Oregon; Mary, born September 4, 1839, married Jabez Vatters, residing in Macomb, Illinois; George H., born April 22, 1841, was a soldier in the Twenty-eighth Illinois, serving until the close of the war, now residing in Littleton township, Illinois; Sarah E., born March 20, 1843, married, and now resides in Springfield, Illinois; Margaret, born December 7, 1844, married Amos Burgee, and resides in Portland Oregon. Our subject was married a second time, March 26, 1846, his second wife being Frances Swan, born in 1803. They had one son: Robert John, born December 28, 1849. By a former marriage to Morris Swan, she had had six children : Martha, Matilda, Mary Ann, James, Jason W. and one that died in infancy. His second wife died in 1875, much lamented by all who knew her, as a worthy woman, a faithful wife and devoted mother- Politically, our subject first voted the Whig ticket, and is now a Republican. His constituents have honored him by electing him to one of the most responsible positions in their power to bestow, he having served as School Treasurer for forty years, which is the only office he would accept. The Kirkhams are Presbyterians, although our subject is not a member of any church. He is, however, a believer in the Christian religioii, and has never used a profane word, or tasted intoxicating liquor in his life. A kind of rara avis, sometimes heard of but seldom seen. His endorseitient by the community, and his conduct of life, make further remarks un- necessai-y. His integrity and fidelity are noticeable in this day of uncertainty in such matters, and are as refreshing as they are rare, and appear to be fully appreciated by his community. Would that the world might have rdore of such men, that the millennium might be hastened! fOHN H. CLARK was born in West- moreland county, Pennsylvania, Septem- ber 8, 1815, a son of William and Rosana (Hurst) Clark. The father was a na- tive of Ohio, and in 1838 penetrated the frontier to Illinois, and located in Schuyler county. He erected a sawmill, which he operated for eight years, and then disposed of the property, retiring from active labor; he died at the home of John J. Redick, aged seventy four years; his wife was born in Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, and died at the old homestead in Schuyler county, aged sixty-four years. John H. is one of a 530 BIOGBAPEIOAL BEVIEW OF OASS, family of eight children, and the only sur- viving member. He remained under the parental roof until his marriage, which oc- curred March 1, 1852, when he vpas united to Miss Rena Black; she was born in Schuyler county, Illinois, and died here in early woman- hood; she was the mother of four children, two of whom are living: Mary E. is married and has four children ; Lorena is married and the mother of one child. Mr. Clark was married again in 1858, to Miss Mary Carter, a native of Ohio, who died in Schuyler county, Illinois, at the age of forty years. The third union was in 1870, when Mr. Clark was married to Miss Sarah E. Lawler; she was born in Fauquier county, Virginia, October 22, 1821, a daughter of James and JVaiicy (Harris) Lawler. In 1870, Mr. Clark settled on a farm near his father's home, and began the task of clearing a heavily timbered tract; there he labored industriously for eight years, and then sold the place; he bought the farm he now owns soon afterward, but only eleven acres were cleared, and a log cabin was the only place of habitation. Since then he has witnessed the many changes that have been wrought bj the hand of progress, and has done his share in making the path clear for the advance of civilization. His dealings with his fellow-men have been characterized by a strict integrity and keen sense of honor that have won the highest respect of all who know him. The parents of Mrs. Clark, James and Diana (Thomas) Lawler, reared a family of five children, four of whom survive; the maternal ancestors came from Ireland, and the father participated in the war of the Kevolution; he died at the age of seventy- five years, and she survived to the age of sixty. Politically the subject of this sketch affili- ates with the Democratic party, and has always supported its issues. He and his wife are consistent members of the Christian Church. *f. ^ ^ENRY P. GROVER, Mount Sterling, Illinois, one of the oldest settlers of the county, was born in Mason county, Ken- tucky. His father, Joseph, came from Vir- ginia, and the grandfather, Jonathan, spent his last years in Lewis county, Kentucky. Joseph was a farmer in Mason county, where he spent the last years of his life. His wife was named Sarah Putnam. She was the daughter of Elizabeth and Henry Putnam, who came from Kentucky to Illinois in 1836, and she spent her last years in Brown county. Henry was ten years old when his father died, and when he was sixteen years old his mother and her family moved to Ohio, and settled in Champaign county, where they were pioneers. They lived there until 1836, when Henry concluded to go West and try to better his fortune in a new country; con- sequently he'came by teams as did other emigrants, and after eighteen days of travel landed in that part of Schuyler now included in Brown county. His means were very limited, and therefore, although there was plenty of Government land to be had for $1.25 an acre, he was not able to secure any for a time. He rented for two years, and then entered a Government tract, near Mount Sterling township. It was timber land, and he built the usual log hut, and existed for a long time upon the game that at that time was very plentiful. It was many years be- fore there was any railroad through that sec- tion. He made frequent trips to Quincy, SGHUTLEB, AND BROWN COUNTIES. 531 forty miles distant with wheat. Those were days of privations, but are now looked back upon as being very happy ones. His first wife was very industrious, was able to card, spin and weave and dressed her entire family in homespun, made entirely by her own hands. Mr. Grover cleared the land and built a brick house and lived there until 1882, and traded with his son James for the farm he now owns and occupies. He married first in 1833, Lucinda Putnam of Champaign county, Ohio, a daughter of William and Mary Putnam. She died about 1860. His second wife was named Martha Putnam. He has seven children, who were all born by his first marriage, and are named: Erwin, Caroline, John G., Marion, James, Joseph aud Angelina. Mr. Grover is a member of the Kegular Primitive Baptist Church, and is a Democrat in politics. He has served two terms as a member of the County Board of Supervisors. fOSEPH LOGSDON, a venerable pioneer of Schuyler county, has been a resident of the State of Illinois since 1844. He was born in Madison county, Kentucky, Sep- tember 6, 1809, a son of William and Eliza- beth (Beheimer) Logsdon; his father was a native of the same county, and died there, at the age of fifty-five years; the mother sur- vived until her eighty-fifth year, and died in Brown county, Illinois. The paternal grand- parents, Edward and Polly Logsdon, also lived to a good old age. Joseph Logsdon is one of a family of eleven children, four of whom are yet living. He spent his youth at home, and in 1837 was united in marriage to Miss Lucy Parker, a native of his own county, born May 1, 1815. Her parents, Jonathan and Patsey (Everson) Parker, were born in Madison county, Kentucky, and were pioneers of Ohio. After his marriage Mr. Logsdon settled ia Kentucky and followed agricult- ural pursuits there until 1844, when he came to Brown county, Illinois; he purchased sixty acres of wild land, and made it his home until coming to Schuyler county, when he bought a tract of 184 acres, which was well improved. He has done a general farming business, and has met with merited success. Mr. and Mrs. Logsdon have had born to them nine children, seven of whom survive; they are all married aud the heads of families, excepting one: Elizabeth K. has seven chil- dren; Perry ie the subject of a sketch which will be found elsewhere in this volume; Sarah is the mother of seven children; Ellen has a family of six children; George is married, but has no children; Jacob has two children; Andrew is the father of a family of four; the two who are deceased were twins. The an- cestors have been people of long lives, noted for their honor and uprightness, respected by all who knew them. iHARLES H. PHELPS was born in Dutchess county. New York, January 25, 1836. He is the son of E. B. and Jane (Wright) Phelps, the former born in New Medford, Connecticut, taught school for twenty-six years, and also ran a tile factory, working at dififerent trades. He died at the age of fifty-five, in Dutchess county, New York. His wife was born in Fi^kill, New York, and died in Hancock county, aged fifty-five years. Her family were from the New England States, where they followed the occupation of farmers. 533 BIOGBAPEIGAL REVIEW OF 0AS8, Charles remained at home until he was twenty-three years of age, when he came to Illinois in 1857 and settled near Huntsville on a rented farm. He then rented in Birm- ingham township for five years, and two years in Hancock county. He then bought a farm in Hancock county, and lived there for ten years, then sold and bought in this county, in Huntsville, 240 acres of improved land, where he lived for four years, and then sold and rented a farm in Adams county, and in 1887 bought his present farm of 200 acres, partly improved, near the geographical center of the township. He has also been engaged in threshing. Until Lincoln's second term he was a Democrat, but since that has been a stanch Republican. He has been Supervisor for four years, being first elected in 1888. He succeeded Marcus Helston. He was married February 3, 1859, to Nancy Scott, of Carroll county, Ohio, who came here with her parents when two years old. She was the daughter of "William and Elizabeth (Hunter) Scott, the former a son of John Scott, of Ireland, who came with his wife and son to the United States when Will- iam was only eight years old. He rented in Carroll county, Ohio, in 1817, and came from there to Illinois in 1842, settling in Huntsville, Schuyler coiinty. John Scott was seventy years old at his death, and his wife, Isabel, died on the old farm. Eliza- beth Hunter was born in Maryland, but her father was a native of Ireland. She died on the old farm, aged sixty-five years. She and her husband had five children, four yet living. Mr. Phelps was one of fourteen children, but he himself has only nine, as follows: Sarah Alice, wife of B. Craft, and they have three children; William E., married to Nana Tyree, four children; Charles F., married to Josephine Farewell, two children; Eliza May, married to George Burnett, one child; Ervin is at home, as are also George B., John K., Bert R. and Clara Belle. Mr. and Mrs. Phelps are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Phelps has been the Master of the Masonic lodge. No. 465, of Huntsville, for eighteen years. He was once a member of the I. O. O. F. He is a Granger, and was Master and State Deputy in same, and no one has been more popular, both in the offices he has held and in the various business dealings he has had with his fellow-men. He was one of the men who put John A. Logan in the United States Senate. He worked for him personally, and as long as the history of the Thirty-fourth Illinois Congressional District contest, which put J. A. Logan in the Senate, is preserved, just so long will the biography of Charles H. Phelps be on record as one of the workers, if not the hardest worker, in that cause. He knew no such word as fail, and much of the enthusiasm of that time was due to his ef- forts. He is a man of honor and upright- ness, and is loved by every one, regardless of party affiliations. jBRAHAM LINCOLN STOUT was born in Ripley township. Brown county Illinois, November 9, 1860. He is the fifth son of Francis M. and Catherine Stout (see biography of same). He was reared and educated at Ripley. In his youthful days he attended school and helped his father on the farm. He lived with his parents until his marriage and then settled on the farm he now owns and occupies. This contains 180 acres, pleasantly located on the Rushville SCHUYLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 533 road one mile east of the courthouse. He has erected a good set of farm buildings, planted fruit and shade trees and otherwise improved the farm. He was married in November, 1884, to Miss Louisa Lanning. She was born in Gooperstown township and was the daughter of Isaiah and Ellen Lanning. They have three children: Ethel, Eleanor Lottie and Helen. Mrs. Stout is a member of the Christian Church. Mr. Stout is a Repviblican in poli- tics. Both he and his wife are good, hard- working farmers and are greatly esteemed by all who know them. klCHAKD BUSH, of Mt. Sterling, a successful manufacturer of tile and brick, was born in Zanesville, Ohio, December 20, 1827. His father, Thomas, was born near Easton, Pennsylvania, in 1802, and his father, Richard, was born in the same State. He removed from there to Ohio and was one of the pioneers of Muskingum county. The removal was made on pack horses in 1801. He secured Government laud on Meig's creek. At that time the In- dians were more numerous than whites, but all of them were friendly. For many years there were no railroads, no canals, no markets, and the people lived oh the products oE their lands. His wife's name waSvDorothy Ryman, born in Pennsylvania of German ancestry. Thomas was eight years old when his parents made this move to Ohio, and there he was reared and married. He learned the trade of carpenter, and in his early life would hew all the timber and then saw all the lumber with a whipsaw to build a barn. He remained in Ohio until 1834, and then with his wife and nine children came to this State. This removal was made by team, cooking and camping by the way. Mr. Bush entered Government land, one and one-half miles east of Exeter. There was a small cabin on the land. As soon as he could well do so he erected a frame house with two rooms, and that was one of the live houses of that sec- tion. At the time he settled there the county was but sparsely inhabited and much of the land was still owned by the Government. He remained there until 1849, when he sold and came to Brown county and settled in Lee township, and bought land and lived there until his death. The name of his wife was Elizabeth Morrison, born in Virginia, daugh- ter of Alexander Morrison, who had come from Ireland. He had settled in Virginia and from there had moved to Muskingum county, Ohio, and died near Zanesville, his wife being also from Ireland. She reared seven children and finally died on the home farm. Richard was six years of age when he came to Illinois with his parents and attended the log schoolhouse. He remained with his par- ents until 1848 and the same fall he moved to Brown county, and settled in Lee town- ship. There he bought eighty acres of land, all wild, part timber and part prairie. He improved the farm and resided there until 1856, and then sold out and moved to Texas, making the journey with teams. He bought 400 acres of land in Lamar county^ at $5 an acre, and engaged in farming and stock-raising, and lived thereuntil 1860, and then sold out, for |10 an acre. He had in the meantime accumulated quite a stock of cattle, so that his investment there had proved very profitable. On selling out he returned to Lee township and bought 200 acres of land, three miles west of Mt. Sterling, and 534 BIOGBAPHIOAL REVIEW OF 0A88, continued farming there until 1889, when he sold the farm and moved into Mt. Sterling. He then engaged in the manufacture of tile and brick. The most solid and enduring brick in existence is made by Mr. Bush at his yards. It is exclusively used for the paving of Jack- sonville and Quincy. He introduced the first portable steam sawmill into Brown county, and owned and operated the first mower and reaper combined, the first twine binder and the first thresher in that part of the State. Mr. Bush is an intelligent man, he has pro- gressive ideas and he is not afraid to put them into practice. He was married in 1848, to Lucinda Stayle, born in that part of Morgan now included in Scott county, a daughter of Peter and Par- thena Stayle, natives of Kentucky and pio- neers of Morgan county. Mr. and Mrs. Bush have eight children: Elizabeth A., Peter T., Emma J., Alexander J., Parthena S., Asenath, Minnie and R. Arthur. He is a Bepublican in politics. [ILLIAM J. LAMBERT, a promin- ent citizen of Schuyler county, has been a resident of the State of Illi- nois since his childhood, and has aided in de- veloping the wild, uncultivated land into one of the most fertile farming sections in the United States. He is a native of Washing- ton county, Kentucky, born January 21, 1832, a son of William and Catharine (Den- nis) Lambert. William Lambert, Sr., was born in Washington county, Kentucky, and was reared to the occupation of a farmer, which he followed all his life. He emi- grated to Illinois in 1836, and settled at Rushville, where he operated a pioneer hotel until 1844; he died in that year, at the age of forty-five years. The trip to Illinois was made with a covered wagon and four horses, and the trials and hardships endured by the family were many, and such as are incident to life on the frontier. The mother of our subject was born in Mercer county, Ken- tucky, and died at Rushville, Illinois, at an advanced age; she was married a second time, this union being to Charles Wells; she reared a family of three children, two of whom sur- vive, Mrs. M. O. Snyder and William J., the subject of this notice. He was a youth of fourteen years when he left the home of his childhood, and went out to meet some of the responsibilities of life; he first worked for his brother by the month, and in 1847 he came to Littleton township, and bought a tract of wild prairie laud, which he undertook to improve and place under cultivation. Here he was married April 18, 1852, to Miss Josephine Rose, who was born on the farm which is now her home, June 29, 1833. Her parents, Randolph and Sarah Rose, were natives of Kentucky, but emigrated to Illinois and settled in Schuyler county in 1826; they had to undergo all the hardships of pioneer life, and did their share in the development and improvement of the country; they had a family of three children. Mr. and Mrs. Lambert are the parents of eight children, six of whom are living: Mabel is the wife of George Little, and has two children ; William L. is married and has two children; Ellen, a talented artist, is a pupil in the Art Institute, Chicago; Edward is on the home farm ; Josephine is a teacher in the Littleton schools; Fannie is at home. The family have had excellent educational advan- tages, and are among the most prominent citizens of the county. Mr. Lambert in his youth enjoyed only such educational facilities as were afforded in the SCEUTLEB AND BROWN COUNTIES. 535 district schools, but he improved his time and secured a fund of information that fitted him for the ordinary duties of life. After his marriage he settled on a farm which he oc- cupied for some time and then sold; he now owns nearly 500 acres of as choice land as lies within the borders of the county. He is engaged in general farming, but gives especial attention to the raising of high-grade cattle. Politically he affiliates with the Demo- cratic party. For more than twenty years he has been School Director, and has always given a liberal support to those movements which tend to advance the interests of the county and State. In his religious faith he is a Baptist, and has been a member of that church for many years. The children being reared to this faith, are also members of the church. ^HARLES H. J UETT, a well-known farmer of Woodstock township is the" subject of the following biographical sketch. He is a native of the State of Ken- tucky, born in Fayette county, June 7, 1831, a son of John and Catharine (Hoffman) Juett; the parents were natives ef the Blue- grass State, and there passed all their days; they had born to them a family of nine chil- dren, two of whom died in infancy, and four of whom are yet living. Charles H. was married February 22, 1859, to Miss Mary Jane Hoffman, a native of Fayette county Kentucky, and a daughter of Michael and Syba Hoffman. Nine children have been born of this union, two of whom died in in- fancy: John M.; William, who is married and has one child; Anna M., married and the mother of two children; Catharine A., married and the mother of three children; Eliza E.; Charles H.; Benjamin D.; Eifie S. and Francis M. After his marriage Mr. Juett removed to Illinois, and settled in Brown county; later he came to Schuyler county, and here he purchased 160 acres of timber land; he then undertook the task of clearing this and plac- ing it under cultivation; he erected a log cabin, 16 x 18 feet, which was afterward de- stroyed by fire. As his means increased he made additional investments in land, and now owns 320 acres, all under cul- tivation. He is engaged in general farm- ing, and has been very successful. He has filled various local offices, and in both public and private life he has made a record for honorable and correct methods of dealing that command the confidence of the entire community. In politics he was allied with the Whig party until its dissolution, and since that time he has voted the Democratic ticket. ENRY METER, an old and retired Ger- man farmer of section 19, township 17, range 11, was born in Prussia, Germany, in 1814. His parents lived and died in Prus- sia, when quite old. The father, Conrad, was a small farmer, and he and his wife were members of the Lutheran Church. Henry is the youngest but one of the family. He and a brother Fred are the only surviving members of the family. Henry has earned his own living since he was eight years old and has made his present large fortune entirely by his own efforts. He was yet a young man when in the spring of 1833 he sailed from Bremen, on a sailing vessel, arriving at New Orleans after a voyage of nine weeks. He came up the Mississippi river and spent some few months 536 BIOGBAPHIOAL REVIEW OF CAJ3S, in Missouri, but not liking it he came on to Beardstown, Illinois, and settled here, being among the first settlers of the locality. They were all strangers to him. He is now the old- est settler now living in the county, which was all unbroken when he came to it in the spring of 1833. Arenzville was a small town indeed when he settled there, consisting of two log houses. Beardstown and Virginia were ham- lets, and no roads marked out the sectional and township lines. In fact there were no improvements in the county to amount to anything. As there were no railroads the pioneers had but few advantages to sell their produce when they had raised it. Mr. Meyer has lived to see all this changed, doing his full share to effect this change. He has worked hard to increase his original 186 acres to his present number of 380 acres, of which 250 are highly improved. The 380 acres are di- vided into two separate farms, each supplied with a complete set of farm buildings. Un- til about five years ago Mr. Meyer worked hard, but then, as advancing age told upon him, he retired, and has been living quietly ever since, enjoying the fruits of his labors. He is now seventy-eight years old, and can point to a life of usefulness that would put to shame many an idle man. He was married in this county to Eliza- beth Talkemeyer, born near the old home of her husband in Prussia, Germany. She came to America with a brother, Frederick, in the '40s, their parents having died in Germany. After they landed in New Or- leans, they came north to Beardstown, and here they both lived and died. Mrs. Meyer died at her home where her husband yet lives, September, 1884, aged sixty-seven. She was a good wife, a devoted mother, and a kind neighbor. Mr. and Mrs. Meyer were the parents of four children; Caroline Keane, of Arenzville; Mary, wife of "William Duvel- meier, of Beardstown; Henry manages the farm, and married Caroline Baujan, of Arenz- ville; Louisa, wife of Fred Wienkencman, a farmer on one of Mr. Meyer's farms. Mr. Meyer has been a leading man for many years in his section, and one of ttie most prominent members of the Lutheran Church in Beardstown, and one near Arenz- ville. Hs is an ardent Republican in poli- tics. -^-^xyrn/i _5^_. yi/inri^^ NGUS McPHAIL was born in Glasgow, Scotland, April 25, 1810. His father, Angus, was born on the island of Mull, and served an apprenticeship in Glasgow, to the trade of haberdasher. He then went into business for himself, but was not suc- cessful, losing all he had. He then decided to come to America, and try his fortune in the new world. His son, Angus, sent money to defray the expenses of his parents to America in 1844. He spent his last days in Lee township, and died aged eighty-four years. His wife's name was Jane, daughter of James and Flora (McVicker) Crawford. She was born in Argyleshire, Scotland, and died at the home of our subject. Her father was born in Renfrewshire, Scotland, and descended from the early settlers of that place who fied from France during the time of the persecution by the Roman Catholics. He was a sailor, and followed the sea many years. He fell from the mast, finally, and was killed. His wife passed her entire life in Scotland. The mother of our subject reared seven children: Archibald, Jane, and our subject, were the only ones that came to America. Angus was reared in Glasgow, and served six years' apprenticeship to the tailor's trade. SCRUYLER AMD BHOWN OOUNTIES. 537 and then did journey work in different parts of Great Britain. He came to America in 1835, and stopped in New York a few weeks, and then made his way to Toronto, there hought property and opened a shop, continu- ing at his trade until 1837. Early in the spring of 1888, he left for the States by a roundabout route, and at last reached St. Louis, which then contained but 2,000 peo- ple. He stopped there a short time, and then came on to Beardstown, and from there to Kushville, and here opened a shop where he conducted his business until 1840, and then went to Mt. Sterling, and there opened a shop and continued until 1850. He then moved to the farm he now owns, and has since been engaged in farming. He was married in Glasgow, in 1833, to Mary Crawford, born in Scotland, who died in 1852. He was married a second time in 1855, to Jane McCaskill, born in Sangamon county, niinois, February 26, 1828. Her father, Daniel, was born in North Carolina, and his father, John, was born in Scotland, and coming to America settled in North Carolina, and then went to South Carolina, where he died. The father of Mrs. McPhail went to Indiana when a young man, and studied medicine, and continued practicing there. He then became one of the pioneers of Sangamon county, Hlinois. He practiced medicine in tliat county until 1835, and then took eighty acres of Government land in Pea Eidge township, and bought 240 acres more in the same township. He remained there until his death, at the age of fifty- nine. The maiden name of the mother was Esther Turner, the daughter of Archibald Turner, a native of Ireland, who died at the home of the family in Pea Ridge township. Mr. and Mrs. McPhail have four living children: Daniel, William, Archibald John and Flora Ellen. He has also four living children by his first wife: Mary, Catherine, James and Scotland. They are members of the Presbyterian and Methodist Churches, and he is aKepublican. ^^=--C-( > g^ENRY A. HIERMAN, a young and energetic farmer, living on section 12, township 17, range 12, was born on this farrm on June 6, 1865. He was educated in the public schools, and lived at home until the death of his father, since which time he has farmed on his own account. He is the fourth son of nine children born to his parents, Bernhardt and Mary (Legermeier) Hierman, natives of Germany, whose parents both lived and died in the fatherland. The father was yet a young man, about twenty years of age, when he came to the United States in the '50s and made a settlement at Beardstown. He there followed his trade of painter, which he had learned in Germany. He afterward decided to go to farming, and purchased land six miles from Beardstown, in township 17, range 11. He here improved a large and beautiful tract of land embracing more than 300 acres. There are eighty acres of timber. He put up good farm buildings and made everything pleasant around him. Here he died, November 16, 1887, in the fifty- sixth year of his life. He was a good man, well known throughout the community. He was a Republican, and a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. His wife, who survives him, had come to the United States when a young woman. She married Mr. Hierman in Beardstown, and after his death married a second time, Fred Housmier, a re- tired farmer. His first wife had died here. Mr. and Mrs. Housmier are members of the 538 BIOOBAPBICAL BBVIEW OF CASS, Methodist Episcopal Church, and Mr. Hous- mier is a Republican in politics. Mr. Hierman now conducts a large farm of 320 acres, belonging to his mother. He has been operating it for the past three years very successfully. It is in a high state of cultivation and is one of the substantial farms of the township. The brothers of our subject are: William A., a farmer of Schuyler county, married to Mary Winklehack; Edward, a dealer in agricultural implements in Arenz- ville, married Josie Beard; Thedora married Cinda Hackman, and they are farmers in Morgan county; our subject married Lizzie ISIordsick, who was born and reared in Cass county, and is the mother of one child, Inas; Frank lives with his brother Edward, m Arenzville; George lives with his brother Theo, in Morgan county; Louis and Al- bert, twins; and Charles is with his brother Henry. Mr. Hierman is a Lutheran, but liis wife is a Methodist. Mr. Hierman is a Republi- can, and both he and his wife are highly re- spected throughout the community where they live. /^ONRAD BECKER, now a retired farmer living in section 32, township 17, range 11, near Arenzville, was born in Hesse- Darmstadt, Germany, August 18, 1826. He grew up and was educated in his native province, being twenty-one years old when he came to the United States, sailing from Bremen on a sailing vessel that landed him in New Orleans after an eight weeks' voyage. He came from there up the Mississippi river to St. Louis, and from there to Beardstown, taking five weeks to make the trip. He set- tled in the last named city, February, 1847. He was a poor man at that time and among strangers, but by liard work and economy he has accumulated a fortune. He is the only member of his family who came to the United States. The parents of Mr. Becker died in Germany, and were farmers, as were their parents before them, and they were Lutherans in religiou. Mr. Becker has lived in Cass county for forty years, and has been a successful farmer and stock-raiser. His property embraces some very fine land, besides his fine residence and a large number of Government bonds. Mr. Becker was married in Arenzville in 1851, to Miss Sarah Hakes, born in Notting- hamshire, March 7, 1828, daughter of Will- iam and Elizabeth (Freeman) Hakes, natives of Nottinghamshire, England, where they lived and died. Mrs. Becker lost her mother when quite young, and so was obliged to take care of herself. She is the only member of her family who came to the United States, and she made the trip in 1848, sailing from Liverpool, England. She landed in New York city after a voyage of some weeks, and came thence to Morgan county, Illinois, where she remained a few weeks, and then came on to Arenzville, which has since been her home. She has proved herself a true wife and mother, always willing to do any amount of hard work. Mr. and Mrs. Becker have three children: Henry married Mattie Boyer, and resides in Arenzville; Mary died in 1882, at the age of twenty-four, being the wife of Herman Weber; Lizzie, wife of Ed. Petefish, farmers of Virginia, this county. fOHN H. WALKER was born in Gray- son county, Kentucky, October 5, 1831. His father was Felix, born in Brecken- ridge county, Kentucky, November 14, 1804. SCEUYLES, AND BROWN GOUNTIEa. 539 He was a farmer whose father, William Walker, was a fanner who lived and died in the same county. He owned a good home and raised a large faniily. Felix Walker came to Kiishville and settled four miles north of Euena Vista township, in 1837. He rented lands for some years, but in 1844 he bought forty acres in Brooklyn township. This was wild land, on which he lived for only a short time. He had but a few hundred dollars and soon moved to the hamlet of Brooklyn, where he died November 14, 1845. He left a wife, five daughters and his only son, John. Soon after his deatb, his daughter Harriet died, in her sixteenth year. 'The mother of these children was Rachel Watts, of Hardin county, Kentucky. She died January 22, 1884, aged eighty years. She was lame many years from a dislocated hip caused by a fall, but other than that she was well and bright to the last. There are four of her children still living; Mr. Walker: Sarah Blackburn, living in Brooklyn town- ship; Catherine Hine, also of Brooklyn; Callie Shaler, living in Adams county, Iowa. Mr. Walker grew up on the farm and re- mained at home until thirty-one years of age, when he enlisted, August 11, 1862, in Com- pany A, Seventy-eighth Dlinois Infantry. He served nearly three years, and was in but one general engagement, and that against Hood at Nashville, Tennessee. He was in seven skirmishes, but was confined to the hospital most of the time. He returned to Brooklyn and resumed farming the forty acres his father had left. In 1866, with his brother-in-law, Orville Blackburn, he bought eighty acres on section 29, for $1,700. They farmed this in company for three years. In 1869 he was married to Lydia McAllis- ter, bora in Shelby county, Kentucky, daugh- ter of Enoch and Elizabeth (Smiley) Mc- Allister, who came to Illinois in 1854. The father died in the Confederate army, at Cor- inth, Mississippi, in 1862, aged fifty-one. His wife is living near Huntsville, eighty- one years of age, and is still well and active. Mr. and Mrs. Walker have buried one child, but they have five living: Felix, Adolphus, George A., Maude A. and an unnamed baby. Mr. Walker has eighty acres in his home farm and 120 elsewhere. He raises horses, cattle and hogs, buying and selling them. He has been Road Commissioner many years. Super- visor five years and is also Assessor. He is a Republican, member of G. A. R., George A. Brown Post, and is a Master Mason. fOHN W. McCLINTOCK was born in Ireland, August 12, 1812. His father was also John, a farmer in Ireland, who died there in middle life, when his son was a youth. His wife was Jane Thompson, the mother of fifteen children. She lived to be quite aged. Of this family, Isabella came to this country first, when a young lady and her sister, Margaret, joined her. Our subject came next, when twenty-eight years of age, bringing his wife and two children. His wife was Eliza Hebron. They came in 1840 on the sail ship, Sardiana, and were six weeks and three days between Liverpool and New York. They encountered a great storm, and for two nights they were nailed below the decks. Mr. McClintock had $100 after pay- ing his way. They lived first with a farmer of Chester county, named William Webb, a grand, good man, a Quaker. Mr. McClin- tock lived with him for. five years, in which he had house rent, cow and feed, free. In 1846 they to Ohio, and two years later he bought two acres of land, for $200, at 540 BIOGRAPHICAL BE VIEW OP CASS, Youngstown, Ohio. He lived here five years, farming, and within five years he bought eight acres in the suburbs of that village, for $166 an acre, and brush at that! At this time there were eight railroads there. This eight acres brought him f 500 in money and 120 acres of land here in Brooklyn township. His two acres brought him $500, and he came to his present farm home in the fall of 1871. They have buried one son, John, who died in 1882, aged thirty-three years. The living ones are: William, a farmer on the old home- stead; Andrew, at home; Sarah, now Mrs. James Henderson, farmers in this township; Hugh, on an adjoining farm. Mr. McOlintock has voted the Republican ticket since Horace Greeley ran for President. They are members of the Baptist Church, and have given their children a good educa- tion. Although Mr. McClintock had only $100 when he landed in this country, he and his family now have,300 acres of land, worth |30 an acre, with no mortgage upon it. They are worthy people and are justly proud of their success. lilCHAED BOYD, a farmer on section I 34, Oakland township, Schuyler county, is a native of county Donegal, Ireland, born in 1858, the son of James and Cather- ine Boyd; the parents of both died on the Emerald Isle, the father at the age of sixty years, and the mother at the age of ninety- nine. At the age of sixteen years Richard Boyd bade farewell to his home and friends and native land, and crossed the sea to America; he landed at the port of New York, and continued his journey to Pitts- burgh, Pennsylvania, to which point his ticket carried him. He soon secured em- ployment at $2 a day, and worked until he had paid back his passage money which he was obliged to borrow; he remained in Picts- burgh three years, and at the end of that time came West with his brother James, who had preceded hi)u to America. He was in the employ of John Young for three years, at $16 a month; he then spent a year in prospecting, and ended his observations by purchasing a tract of eighty acres, a part of his present farm, the consideration being $600; he has since added forty- three acres, and has made many improvements, develop- ing one of the most desirable farms in the township. Mr. Boyd was married in March, 1891, to Miss Jessie Ackman, a daughter of Isaac and Nancy (Harmon) Ackman. Mrs. Ack- man died when Jessie was a child of six years, and Mr. Ackman married a second time to Miss Maria Hay, of Ohio; he died May 26, 1886. He was a farmer by occu- pation, and was one of the pioneers of this county, settling here in 1842. There were nine children of the first marriage, and to these the second wife was a good and kind mother ; she was as deeply and truly mourned as was the father: David Ackman lives iu northern Kentucky; Georgiana is the wife of Edward Garrett, and lives in Kansas; Mary married Blair Simpson, a farmer of north- ern Wisconsin; the rest of the family live in Schuyler county. Mr. Boyd does a general farming business, raising grains and live- stock; his preference in the latter is Short- horn cattle and Poland-China hogs. Mr. and Mrs. Boyd are both members of chnrch, and are liberal supporters of the re- ligious denominations. Politically, he affili- ates with the Republican party. Two of his brothers and two of his sisters are living in SOHUTLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 541 the United States, but the remainder of the family are in Ireland. Mr. Boyd is a man of many sterling traits of character, and has the respect of his adopted countrymen. [AMU EL W. COOK, a highly respected member of the farming community of Oakland township, was born in Marion county, Ohio, in 1833, a son of Peter L. Cook. The father was born in 1808, and died May 2, 1892, aged eighty-four years; he enjoyed excellent health until about three weeks previous to his death. The paternal grandfather of our subject, John Cook, was a blacksmith by trade, and also carried on farming in Marion county, Ohio; he was sixty-two years of age at the time of his death, and left his second wife a widow. His first wife was Susan Louderback, a na- tive of Pennsylvania, and in that State they were married; thence they removed to Ohio, when Peter L. was a small lad ; he is one of a family of nine children, seven of whom grew to adult asje. He married Hannah Hankie, a native of Bucks county, Pennsyl- vania, and a daughter of Henry Hankie, who died at the advanced age of ninety-six years. Eleven children were born of this union; the mother died in the fall of 1887, in her seventy-sixth year; one son died in the summer of 1859, aged twenty-eight years; he left a wife and five children ; the other members of the family are living, all are married and have families, the first, second and third generations numbering about 125 souls. Samuel W. Cook, our worthy subject, was married in 1857, to Elizabeth Lovell, of Schuyler county, a daughter of "William and Elizabeth (Seaver) Lovell; Mrs. Cook's father 86 was a native of Kentucky, and her niother was of German extraction; the maternal grandmother lived to the extreme old age of 104 years: Mrs. Cook was born in 1840. They began their married life here in Schuyler county, and with the exception of a legacy of $3,000, which was recently received by Mrs. Cook, have accumulated their property through their own efforts. They own a fine, fertile farm of 110 acres, and Mrs. Cook has a tract near by which consists of fifty-six acres. They are the parents of eleven children: one son and two daughters died in infancy; Charles E. died at the age of nineteen years, in 1885; Mary E. is the wife of Thomas Chalkley; William T. married Laura Straus- baugh, and has two children; Lizzie is the wife of Harry Smith; Hannah married James Lybarger, and is the mother of one child; Inez L., Samuel "W. and Wilmar F. are at home. In his political opinions Mr. Cook adheres to the principles of the Democratic party; he has represented his township in some of the local offices, and has discharged his duties with great credit to himself. Mrs. Cook is a consistent member of the Church of the Disciples. lOAH W. BAKEE was born in Summit Mm county, Ohio, June 25, 1835. He was the son of James M. and Eliza (Taylor) Baker. James M. Baker was of New York, and came from there to Ohio, and rented in Summit county, and soon after bought and began farming. In 1840, he sold his Ohio property and drove of oxen and one wagon, and settled in Pike county, near Griggsville, and lived there eight months. He then can^e 542 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OF 0AS8, to this county and bought forty acres and built a log house in which thej lived. He then bought sixty acres more, and he lived there till his death, which occurred when he was eighty-six years of age. Our subject's father was one of iive chil- dren. Our subject's mother was born in Connecticut and came West to Ohio with her people, and she died here about seventy-one years of age. Noah W. was one of eight children, four yet living, and all in this neighborhood but one. The subject of this sketch is a Democrat, and was from his twenty-first year. His people all belong to the Methodist Episcopal Church. He was at home till he was of age, and then worked out by the month. He was married February 21, 1867, to Miss Margaret Greenleaf, who was born in Elkhorn township, July 10, 1843. She was the daughter of Peter and Mary (Furguson) Greenleaf, she being of Ohio, and he came from Canada to Illinois. Their daughter Margaret, was one of four children, and all are living. Margaret's father and mother died in Elkhorn township and had about 160 acres of land at his death. He went to Cali- fornia overland and part of the way he walked and rode. He staid there four years, and while there he practiced the trade of a tanner. He returned by land. Our subject's wife had nine children, seven of whom are living: Hattie M. was born De- cember, 1869; Perry was born February 4, 1870; Susie was born October 22, 1873; ]S^ellie was born September 6, 1875; Fred was born November 16, 1878; Carson was born October 13, 1883, and Mart was born April 13, 1885. After his marriage our sub- ject settled on the forty acres lie had bought and built a log house and then a frame one. He lived there till 1888. He has now in the neighborhood, over 480 acres and eighty un- der cultivation. Subject's children are all cultivated and in- tellectual. One of them is teaching, two are musical, and the others are more or less gifted. He himself is a Democrat and voted for Stephen A. Douglas. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and he is also a member of the 1. O. O. F. He is a fine man, and very much respected by all of his fellow citizens. LLEN WEBB was born in Madison '■' county, Kentucky. July 25, 1820. He ■^^^ was the son of Joshua and Letta (Haw- ard) Webb. The former was born in Vir- ginia and came with his parents at an early day to Kentucky, where he lived and died at the age of eighty years. He was in the war of 1812 and drew a pension, having been a brave soldier. He was the son of John and Millie Webb, who were both natives of Vir- ginia and died in Kentucky, the former at eighty-five, the latter at 103. All the family were farmers. Mrs. Letta Webb was born in Virginia and died in the same State as her husband when she was fifty-tive. She was a daughter of John and Nancy Haward. A brother of Joshua Webb was in the Revolu- tionary war and was at the Cornwallis sur- render. Allen Webb was one of five children and remained at home until nineteen years of age, working on the farm. He then hired himself out to a man as blacksmith's apprentice and stayed with him two years, and then started a business for himself in Clark county, Ken- tucky. He continued working at his trade until 1851, and then started by wagon for Illinois. He first located at Mt. Sterling 80HUTLER AND BUOWK COUNTIES. 543 His original farm was 160 acres, worth but little at that time, and he lived in a log honse for some time. He then sold that farm for 100 per cent, profit and bought another farm of 225 acres. He built a good farm house and soon had one of the best farms in the county. This farm he sold also, and moved to another place for a year. He then settled on the old Dennis farm and lived there for three years, when he again sold out and moved back to Mt. Sterling and retired from active business, having been an extensive stock-grower. He now has a fine town house and the old General Signtetan farm of twenty acres. He was an old Whig and voted first for Henry Clay and in 1856 for John Fre- mont. He has voted the Republican ticket ever since. Mr. Webb had only six month's schooling in his entire life, but he has edu- cated himself and is a well-read man. Mr. Webb now enjoys life in an easy way looking after his property and real estate interests. He was married for the first time to Emily Oliver, of Madison county. She died in Lee township aged forty- eight years. Shp bore her husband ten children, four now living, namely: Jennie, John A., Emelineand Isaac. Mr. Webb was married for the second time to Miss Martha Hstrper pf Ohip, daughter of Stephen and Martha Harper, who c^me here at an early day. Mrs. Webb dipd in this county, aged forty -eight years. She bore him one child, that died at tl^e age of four years. Mr. Webb was nqarried for the third time, to Miss ^ar^ah Dennis of Bourbon county, Ken- tucky, near Georgetown. She was the daugh- ter qf Olar.k and Elizabeth Dennis. They were also natives of Kentucky and came to this State at an early date, and Mr. Dennis lyas made the first Sheriff of the county. JV^rs. Webb was one of nine children, five yet living. Her whole family were members of the Christian Church of which her father was an Elder. Mr. and Mrs. Webb have educated the four living children of Mr. Webb very finely, and the oldest son was in the late war, being one of the first 100-day men. Mr. and Mrs. Webb are influential people who are greatly respected by their large circle of friends. ^ ^ RS. ALMIRA YOUNG, widow of John Young, is the daughter of Will- iam and Elizabeth (Seaver) Lovell, natives of Ohio. Her parents emigrated tq Illinois in the fall of 1836, when she was an infant of two years; they n^ade the journey overland with horses and a prairie schooner, being five weeks on the way; the family con- sisted of the parents and three children. They first settled on the Illinois river, but shortly afterward removed to the present home of Mrs. young. The mother died in 1841, leav^ ing a family of six children, four sons and two daughters; she was forty-two years of age; the father survived her forty- nine years, and died at the age of eighty-six years. Mrs. Young was married in 1849 to Ladon Beghtol, a native of Kentucky, a son of Peter Beghtol, who emigrated to Illinois about 1840; they lived here until the death of Mr. Beghtol, which occurred in 1857; he left a family of three children: Mary Eliza- beth, Sarah Mel vina and William Levi. Mrs. Beghtol was then married a second time, this union being with John Young; he was a na- tive of Pennsylvania, was reared in the State of Ohio, and removed to Illinois with his first wife and four children in 1855; the wife died soon after their arrival in this State. Mr. and Mrs. Young were married in 1859, and seven years later they moved to Hamil- 544 BIOOBAPHIOAL REVIEW OF OASS, ton county, Iowa, where they settled on a small farm; there they resided until the death of Mr. Young, which occurred March 20, 1876, at the age of fifty-seven years. Nine children were born of this union: John died in infancy; Oscar was accidentally killed in childhood; Justine is the wife of Marion Stockton; William, Eli, George, ISTola, Mar- ion, Joseph; Nola is married to Webster Aten of Schuyler county. fOSEPH PAKKE was born in Chester county, Pennsylvania, in 1818. His father, Jonathan, was born in the same place and died at an advanced age, when his son was so small that he has no recollection of him. There were ten sons and the same number of daughters in this family, all com- ing to adult years, but all have now died. The mother of this remarkable family was Marjory Woodward of the same county. She lived some fourteen years after her husband's death and they both now rest in the Marshall- town cemetery, a large Quaker cemetery. These parents were well-to-do and gave the family a good education. Joseph was sent to a Quaker school at Western Academy. He was reared to farm life, but at twenty-one he began school-teach- ing, taught two years in Pennsylvania and four years in Ohio. At his mother's death he was put under a guardian, who gave him additional educational advantages. He was married in Logan county, Ohio, in his twenty-sixth year, to Mary Ann Wilson, She was a daugther of Robert and Elizabeth (Holt) Wilson. They, Mr. and Mrs. Parkelived for live years in this county and taught school. In October, 1840, they came West, overland, and settled in Brooklyn township, entering 160 acres. This was wild and they made the first improvements, building a log cabin with a sod chimney. Mr. Parke still has the cabin as a part of his present dwelling but the sod chimney is now a brick one and the cabin is weather-boarded externally and lathed and plastered inside. He has 300 acres, a part of which he has deeded to his daughter. About 1865 they buried one son, Jonathan, aged twenty. They next buried Elizabeth, Mrs. Taylor Gray, at the age of twenty-six; in 1885 their daughter, Ada Sario, aged about eighteen years old, died at Dr. Prince's establishment at Jacksonville. His wife had fits for some twenty years and in March, 1891, fell into the tire and died the same day. He has only one living daughter, Eliza, second wife of Taylor Gray. She has four children: George W., Mary Florence, Estelle and JSTellie Jane. She has buried one infant son. She and her husband are operating the farm for her father, who lives with them. Mr. Parke has been a constant toiler since 1840, when he came to this home. He has served in some of the township offices and taught school one year. He has been a general farmer, although he has made the most out of wheat, growing from fifteen to thirty bushels per acre. Hogs have been the best- paying stock and horses have paid well in a small way. He has voted the Democratic and Repub- lican tickets, but is now a Farmers' Alliance man. He and his family have been Univer- salists, although he has been reared a Quaker. ^^^hrui/ly- -^■q/lTLn^^ fAMES E. NEELEY, a prominent farmer and dealer in live-stock, Littleton town- ship, was born at Fort Lamed, Kansas, March 3, 1864, a son of John and Lucinda SOnUTLEB AND BROWN COUNTIES. 545 (Snyder) Neeley. The father was a native of Pennsylvania, but emigrated to Kansas, where he engaged in farming. James E. is the only child of the first marriage; the mother died April 8, 1864, at Larned, Kansas. Mr. Neeley married a second time, and had one child by this union. After the death of his mother our subject was taken to the home of Major Wheeler, where he was reared with all the affectionate care that could be bestowed upon him. The farm he now occupies was inherited from the Major, and he is engaged in general agriculture. Mr. Neeley made a specialty of breeding and raising line, thoroughbred horses, and fine stock of excellent pedigree; Roan Dick is an animal of good record, and a colt that he is now raising promises to be one of the fastest horses in the State. He has managed all branches of farming with keen intelli- gence, and has met with merited success. In 1886, November 25, he was united in marriage to Miss Rachel A. Greer. Mr. and Mrs. Neeley are the parents of one child: John F., born March 13, 1891. Politically, our subject adheres zealously to the principles of the Republican party, having cast his first presidental vote for James G. Blaine. He is a young man of superior business qualifica- tions, and his judgment carries due weight throughout the agricultural district of this section of Illinois. ■<^ ^*- p\ENRY FISCHER, a successful and practical farmer, living on section 24, township 17, range 11, was born November 1, 1854, and is the son of Henry Fischer, a native of Hesse- Darmstadt, where he learned the trade of shoemaker. There he was married to Miss Margaret Kraft, a native of the same province. After the birth of two daughters and a son, the family em- igrated, in the '40s, to the United States, settling in Beardstown, Illinois, where Mr. Fischer established a shoemaking business, and ran it for some years with the assistance of his son, our subject; but when the latter began to farm the father withdrew from his trade and is now retired. Although now quite an old man he is still very active and energetic, and is a Lutheran in religion and a Democrat in politics. His mother is still living, in Beardstown, with her daughter, Mrs. Elizabeth Bohrnman, and is over ninety years old. The excellent wife of Henry Fischer is yet living, about seventy years old. She has been a valued member of the Luther- an Church for many years. Our subject and two sisters are yet living: the latter are Mar- garet, widow of Martin BoUe, deceased, having died from the effects of an accident on the Quincy railroad; and Sophia, wife of George Speaker, who is now foreman of the wrecking department of the Quincy railroad. Our subject has been a farmer for eleven years. He enjoys it more than his former trade of shoemaker. He is now located on section 24, and the land of which he owns one-half interest is known under the firm name of Keil & Co. They purchased to- gether the old John Weiss homestead, em- bracing 500 acres of land, mostly well im- proved with good farm buildings. On this land is Hagener station, and besides this they own 200 acres in this township, known as pasture land, and forty acres of timber in township 17, range 11, which is very valuable. He has, for the last eleven years, had the management of this land and is a practical man and an excellent farmer. Mr. Fischer was married to Miss Mamie Weiss, who was born on the farm where she 546 BIOOBAPHIOAL REVIEW OF 0A8S, now lives, April 26, 1856. She is the youngest child of John and Katharine (Hahn) "Weiss, natives of Germany. They married immediately before sailing to the United States, in 1842, and on reaching here made a settlement on a farm in town- ship 17, range 11, which is now the home of Mr. Fischer. They began to make improve- ments and bought more land, and in time Mr. Weiss' possessions increased until he owned 900 acres of valuable land. Here they remained the rest of their lives. Mr. "Weiss died in 1876, aged seventy-two years. He had been an active, hard-working man all his life and was regarded by his neighbors as an upright citizen, worthy of their respect and regard. He was a member of the Lutheran Church and was a Eepublican. His wife died some years later, at her old home, in 1887, aged sixty-two years. She had been a member of the Lutheran Church all her life. Of the family'of four children left by Mr. and Mrs. Weiss, all were daugh- ters: Lizzie, wife of Christian Meyer, died at the age of forty, leaving a family of eight children ; Katie is the wife of "William Hack- man, grocer of Jacksonville; Sophia is the wife of Henry C. Keil (see sketch of same). Mr. and Mrs. Fischer are the parents of five children: Adelaide, Ervin L., Kay H., E,ena K. and Albert H., who died when an infant. This is one of the wealthy and greatly respected families of the township with whom it is a pleasure to become acquainted. -t^nyi/l/T/'- ~'innn^^ IHARLES D. RITCHEY, a substantial farmer and influential citizen of Little- ton township, Schuyler county, was born in this county on June 11, 1862. His father, Addison B. Ritchey, is a prominent pioneer of Schuyler county, and a sketch of his life is subjoined. Our subject was reared on a farm and was educated at a college in Yaparaiso, Indiana, from which institution he graduated with honor. He was married June 13, 1889, to Miss Dena Saunders, a native of Atlanta, Macon county, Missouri, in which place she was born June 15, 1864. She was a daughter of James "W. and Martha A. (Stone) Saunders. Her father was born in Kentucky, and accom- panied his parents to Missouri when he was but nine months old. His father, "Woodward G. Saunders, is also a native of Kentucky, and is still living, at an advanced age, in Mis- souri. George "W. Saunders, father of "Wood- ward G., was a school teacher, and died in Missouri a number of years ago. Woodward G. Saunders located on a farm in Missouri, where he and family began the life of pio- neers, experiencing all the inconveniences and hardships incident to those similarly circum- stanced. Here, James "W. Saunders was reared, and was educated at the "William Jewell College, located at Liberty, Missouri, and was for twenty years a Baptist minister. It was in Missouri that he met and married Martha A. Stone, a very attractive lady, and daughter of Hiram and Laura J. (De Freire) Stone, both natives of Tennessee, the father still surviving in Macon county, Missouri, a graduate from the high school in Elletts- ville, Monroe county, Indiana. Our subject's wife was a school teacher for more than six- teen years, and is a highly educated and in- teresting lady, of superior ability and culture. After his marriage, Mr. Ritchey went into business with Mr. De Witt, in a general store, where he remained for some time. He was later elected Clerk of Littleton township, in which capacity he served for one year. He was afterward elected Collector of that SGHUTLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 547 township, serving for two years in a highly creditable manner. Mr. and Mrs. Ritchey have one child: Edna M., who was born December 25, 1890. Mrs. Ritchey is a member of the Baptist Church, to which she contributes liberal aid. He is a Republicain, and cast his first vote for James G. Blaine. His constituents have demonstrated their esteeem by electing him to two of the most responsible positions in their power to bestow. Of unswerving fidelity and integrity, and high morality, together with generous im- pulses and cordial manners, he enjoys the re- spect and esteem of his fellow citizens. Addison B. Ritohet, one of the oldest pioneers of Schuyler county, is a native of Ohio, and was born in Green county, of that State, September 17, 1817. His parents were John and Elizabeth (Reed) Ritchey. His father, a native of Pennsylvania, was born in Alleghany, that State, and was a farmer all his life. He went to Ohio in 1816, and in 1824 came all the way to near Rushville with a four-horse wagon. All the worldly posses- sions of the family were in the wagon and they had very little money besides, as they paid their last fifty cents for being ferried across the river at Beardstown, then known as Beard's Ferry. He had come out for the purpose of taking land, for which he had a patent, but after camping on the land, for one night, he would not remain, and moved to near Rushville, where he located on a quarter section, building there a small log cabin about 16 x 18, in which they lived for several years. His was the thirteenth family in the county. In 1826, he traded his claim for 160 acres of land in Littleton township, in section 35, on which he built another log house, where they lived for one season, then rented land and removed to his former farm, where on account of some trouble about trade, he moved to Rushville, buying there 160 acres adjoining the town, on which he built another log house, in which he and family lived for about eight years. He then sold and came back to Littleton township. Dar- ing all this time our subject was employed in various pioneer work, splitting rails, plowing and doing whatever other work he found to do. His father died in 1842, aged fifty-three years. His father's father was a native of Ireland, from which country he emigrated in the early days of this country, and died many years ago, in Pennsylvania. His mother, Elizabeth Reed, was born in Pennsylvania, and died in Ohio when our subject was but three years of age. Our subject remained at home until his father's death, after which he spent one year with a brother, in tlie mean- time farming the old homestead on his own account; On June 4, 1845, Mr. Ritchey was married to Miss Mary Ann Hayes, a native of Ver- milion county, Illinois, where she was born October 3, 1829. Her parents were John and Debora (Hankins) Hayes. Her father was a native of Virginia, from which State he emi- grated; first to Kentucky, afterward to Illi- nois, at a very early day, where in Vermilion county he rented a farm, which he worked for some time, when he later came to Carroll county, and still later to Putnam county, fi- nally going to Henry county, all in Illinois, in which latter place he died, aged seventy years. His wife, Debora Hankins, was a na- tive of Tennessee, in which State she was born and is at present living with a daughter in Kansas. Grandfather Hankins also came to Illinois at an early day, where he died, at the advanced age of ninety-three years. Grand- mother Hankins also died in Illinois, aged sixty-five years. Grandfather and grand- 548 BIOaRAPHIOAL BEVIBW OP GAS 8, mother Hayes were also pioneers of Illinois, where thej died, in Whiteside county, both very old people. The Hayes were of Irish descent. Our subject's wife was one of seven children, four of whom are yet living. Our subject is one of three children, of whom he ist he only survivor; he has, however, a half- sister and half-brother, both of whom are liv- ing. After marriage, our subject lived in section 34, in his old home, where he remained for two years, at the end of which time he bought 160 acres of wild land, on which there was a log house. Here he and his wife lived until he built his present home. He has improved the farm in numerous ways, until now it is the finest in the county. He has erected a large and comfortable residence, and com- modious barns for the accommodation of grain, stock and machinery, besides adding other modern improvements and conveniences to facilitate agricultural pursuits. He has planted ornamental trees and shrubs around his house, which now only renders his place attractive from a distance, but is a welcome retreat from the sun's too ardent rays on a mid-summer day. He has reared fifteen children, eleven of whom are living. His oldest son, John Q. Ritchey, served for four months in the war in Company K, One Hundred and Thirty seventh Illinois Infantry, and also was in the hundred days' service. Onr subject's father was an old-line Whig, as was also his son, who was later a Free- soiler, and now a Republican. Our subject cast his first vote for General William H. Harrison. His father voted for John Quincy Adams. Neither he nor his father were poli- ticians in the modern acceptation of the term, never desiring oifice but wishing only the ad- vancement and welfare of their country. Mr. Ritchey and wife are members of the Baptist Church, to which they have liberally contributed. Commencing life in a new country, with- out means and without friends, he now has both money and friends, which have accum- ulated and increased with the progress of the country. He is the oldest living pioneer of his county, and as such enjoys a pre-emi- nence among his neighbors, which superior age always bestows. Of superior ability and unswerving integrity, he has retained the re- gard of all through his checkered career, and now holds an eminent position in the com- munity. jjjEYTON HARDING, farmer of town- ship 17, range 9, section 19, Philadel- phia postofiice, was born in Barren county, Kentucky, December 17, 1817. His parents were Martin and Isabella (Beard) Harding. The father came from Virginia, born in 1792, and the mother from Tennessee, born in 1794. They were married in Barren county, Kentucky, where their eldest chil- dren were born: Peyton, Paschal, William, Sarah and Andrew; and after coming lo Illi- nois, Winnie, Isabella and Martin were born. Paschal lives with Peyton; Andrew is a farmer in this precinct; Martin lives in Vir- ginia, Illinois; and Isabella, now Mrs. Foster, resides in Lucas county, Iowa. The parents removed from Kentucky to Illinois in 1826, and located on the farm where Andrew now lives. The father entered a large tract of land here on which he died in 1854, and the mother died in 1867. At the time the Hard- ing family located here the country was en- tirely new. There was no improved land, except two small improved tracts in this neighborhood. The forest was overrun with 80HITTLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 549 wild game and Indians. Mr. Harding has lived to witness the development of this wilderness into one of the most fertile and valuable sections in the United States. He has also witnessed the growth of inventions, the extent of which is wonderful, railroads, plows, reapers, mowers, binders, separating threshers, telephones, electric lights and thousands of other inventions, more than in the past 200 years previously. Mr. Harding taught school here in ISiO, but preferred the less confining occupation of farming. He has been a farmer and stock-raiser all his life. He is comfortably situated and will spend his old age in ease. He owns 280 acres of good land. He has never married, but his brother. Paschal, resides with him with his four children. He is a Democrat in politics and cast his first vote for Martin Yan Bnren. His father was a soldier in the war of 1812 and the Black Hawk war, also in the Mormon troubles, but none of the family took part in the late Civil war. IfSAAC BLACK, a retired farmer, is proba- in bly the oldest settler of Schuyler county ^ now living in Rushville; he has endured the trials and toil in a pioneer country, and is entitled to more than passing mention in this history. He is a native of Indiana, born in Dubois county, February 24, 1824, a son of Richard Black; the father was born in Mecklenburgh county, North Carolina, and was reared in that State; he removed thence to Hancock county, Kentucky, and lived there a few years ; he then went to the Territory of Indiana, and was one of the pioneers of Du- bois county. In 1826 he again started to the West, keeping close upon the frontier border. Accompanied by his wife and four children, he made a journey to Illinois, and located in SchuyJer county, where he purchased a claim to land entered by Willis O'JSfeil; this land is the present site of the city of Eushville. When the county was organized the claim was selected as the county seat, and so was taken from Mr. Black; he was afterward reimbursed in part. He then went five miles to the southwest, near the present site of Bethel Church, and there bought a tract of patent land, on which he erected a log cabin, sixteen feet square; there were a puncheon floor and a stick-and-clay chimney. Later he made an addition to this domicile, and resided there until his death in 1853. The maiden name of his second wife was Elizabeth Fowler, a native of Jefferson county, Kentucky; she spent her last years with her son Isaac, the subject of this notice. The family reared by her consisted of eight children, two of whom were born of her husband's former marriage: Elizabeth, William, Isaac, Cecelia, John L., Richard S., Austin F. and Monroe. Isaac Black was an infant when his parents removed to this county; the country was thinly settled, and Indians still tarried in the vicinity of Rushville; game was abundant and the pioneers lived on wild turkeys, deer, and the product of their land; the children were clothed in homespun, woven by the mother's hands. Young Isaac attended the primitive pioneer schools during the winter season, and in the summer he lent valuable assistance in subduing the wild land and pre- paring the way for the coming generation ; it is to such men that a deep debt of gratitude is owing from those who have reaped the benefits of those years of privation and labor. Until he was twenty years of age he remained with his parents, and then with his brother rented a farm near Littleton; they cultivated this land four years, and then Isaac Black 550 BIOGBAPHIGAL BE VIEW OF GAS8, purchased ninety acres in Woodstock town- ship; there he lived two years, and in 1850 sold it, purchasing a tract in Bainbridge township. He was very successful in all his undertakings, made profitable investments, and secured 450 acres of as choice land as lies within the borders of the county. He lived on his farm until 1889, when he retired to Rushville, where he leads a quiet, con- tented life. In 1848 he was united in marriage to Cynthia A. Edmonston, a daughter of Enoch Edmonston, who located in Schuyler county in 1831; he became prominently identified with public aflFairs, and served two terms as Sheriff of the county; he was also County Treasurer and Assessor; his wife's maiden name was Susan Allen. Mr. and Mrs. Black are the parents of eight children: Snsan, Emily, Sarah E., George M., James P., Enoch, Flora A., Elvira and E. Louisa. George M. Black has represented the people of his county in the State Legislature. Mr. Black affiliates with the Democratic party, and at one time represented Bainbridge town- ship on the County Board of Supervisors. He has been a loyal citizen, always giving a liberal support to worthy movements and to those enterprises tending to benefit the gen- eral public. ^ENRY ZAHN, a practical farmer and stock-raiser, living on the old Zahn homestead, which he has owned since 1882, was born in Pike county, near Waverly, in 1857. He came with his father to Illinois when only fourteen years of age, and has since lived in this county. His father, Frederick Zahn, was a native of Hesse-Darmstadt, and was a boy of sixteen years when his parents came to America and settled in Pike county, Ohio, where they were pioneers. There the parents of Frederick Zahn died when he was quite young. There he grew up as a farmer, and was there married to Tinna Creek, who had settled there, with her parents. The lat- ter had come with a colony at the same time the Zahn family had come from Hesse- Darmstadt. Frederick and his wife began life in the usual pioneer fashion, both work- ing very hard, raising a family of eight chil- dren. There Frederick's wife died, being then thirty-two years of age. He was mar- ried for the second time, in Pike county, Ohio, to Miss Margaret Halensteine, who was born in Germany, but reared in the United States. In 1864 they decided to remove to Illinois and settled on a large farm of 507 acres, where they remained two years, and then purchased 200 acres on the line of Morgan and Cass counties. There they lived until 1876. They then removed to Missouri, where they now live. Mr. Kahn was seventy-three years of age, December 29, 1891, his wife being not quite so old. They are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and are good, respectable people. Mr. Zahn -has been a life- long Democrat. Our subject was reared a farmer lad and lived at home until he took a farm to run on his own account. He has lived on this farm, which is one and one-half miles from Arenz- ville, section 36, township 17, range 12, and consists of 250 acres, well improved and well stocked. He has excellent farm buildings and everything convenient about him. He was married, in this county, to Miss Mary Hinners, who was born, reared and edu- cated in Cass county, her birth occurring Octo- ber 7, 1852. She was the daughter of John and Caroline (Miller) Hinners, who were born in Hesse- Darmstadt, Germany. They came 8CSUTLBB ANB BROWN OOUNTIES. 551 to the United States, and were married in Morgan conntv, and here lived to amass a fine property. In 1891 Mr. and Mrs. Hinners retired to Meredosia, Illinois, where they live, respected members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. and Mrs. Zahn are members of the same denomination, and Mr. Zahn has been an official member of the church. Mr. and Mrs. Zahn are the parents of three bright, well educated children : Mamie Ella, Lusetta and Henry A. This is a fine family, well thought of in and around Arenzville. fEORGE H. HOFFMAN, a successful farmer of section 2, township 17, range 11, was born in Hesse-Barmstadt, May 20, 1840, and when young came alone to the United States. In 1856 he sailed from Bremen and after forty-nine days of the ocean he landed in New York city. He came on to Chicago, and thence to Springfield, from there to Jacksonville, and across the country to Arenzville. When he landed in Arenzville he was $5 in debt. He is the only member of the family who came to this country. His father, George, is still living in Germany, and is hale and hearty, at the age of eighty- six, but his mother, Mary, died when he was eight years old. They always were members of the Lutheran Church. Two of our sub- ject's brothers are still living in Germany, and are married, pursuing the occupation of farmers. After our subject first came to this county he began work, near Hagener Station. After some years he began his agricultural life as a renter, and later purchased his present farm. Mr. Hoffman was first married to Eliza- beth Schuman, who was born and reared in this county at what is known as Hagener Sta- tion, March 9, 1849. She is the eldest child of John Schuman (see biography of Adam Schuman for family history). Mr. and Mrs. Hofl'man are members of the Lutheran Church, in which Mr. Hoffman has been a Deacon for six years. He is a Democrat in politics, and he and his wife are the parents of eleven children: Mary, wife of Adolph Kruse, a farmer in this county; John A., at home, helping his father; Attia, Henry, Emma, Edward, William, Eva, Ralph, Martha, and the two-year-old baby, are all healthy, intelligent children. The older children have been well educated in both German and En- glish, and are able to speak and write in both languages. Mr. Hoffman is a very progres- sive farmer, and owns a fine place, containing 170 acres, 135 of which is under the plow. He came into possession of this in 1865, and has since this made all of his excellent im- provements. fRED MEYER, a retired farmer of Arenz- ville, was born in Prussia, Germany, in 1805. He came of Prussian parents, who lived and died when quite old. His father, Gotlieb H. Meyer, was a German farmer, and his wife was a Prussian lady, formerly Anna Roche. They were members of the Lutheran Church. Fred was one of five sons and one daugh- ter. The latter lived and died in Germany. The five sons all came to the United States at different times. Fred and a brother, Henry, are the only surviving members of the family. The former grew up and was married in his native province, to Catherine M. Burkesikus. She came of an old Prussian family. After the birth of all their children 553 BIOOBAPEIOAL BEVIEW OF 0AS8, but one, they came to the United States, in December, 1848, leaving Bremen on a sail- ing vessel and landing at New Orleans after a trip of nine weeks and three days. They proceeded up the Mississippi river to St. Louis, and from there to Eeardstown, and began farming the next year. Here Mrs. Meyer died, in 1865, at the age of forty-three. She and her husband were members of the Lutheran Church. They had five children: William, a farmer in this precinct, married Carrie Talkemeier; Mary, wife of William Dougal, farmer near Taylors ville, Illinois; Minnie, formerly wife of Fred Nordsiek, and the mother of seven children; Mary A., at home; Lizzie, wife of Henry Hierman, farmer of this county; Emma, wife of Ed. Kloker, farmer in this county; Henry, Lena, Ann and John are all at home. Another son of Mr. Meyer, now deceased, named Henry A., mar- ried Minnie Yost. Mr. Meyer began in this county in 1848, and in the time since then has by hard work accumulated a large property. He had only 100 acres at first, but now has 474 acres, most of which is well improved, with good farm buildings. He has always been a hard- working man, and although now eighty-eight years of age, is as active as ever and in per- fect health. He has been a good citizen, a Republican in politics, and now lives in re- tirement with his daughter Minnie (Mrs. JSTordsiek), on section 7, township 17, range 11. He is a good old man, greatly respected by all who know him. I AMUEL HINDMAN was born in Rich- land county, Ohio, January 24, 1834; his father, Elijah Hindman, was born in Allegheny county, Pennsylvania, Novem- ber 4, 1798, a son of Samuel Hindman, whose nativity is not positively known; the' year of his birth was 1763, and after his marriage he emigrated to Allegheny county, Pennsyl- vania, where he was one of the pioneers; he was a cooper by trade and followed that vo- cation until his death; he was married to Letitia M. Clinithan, a native of Allegheny county, Pennsylvania. Elijah Hindman was married in Alleghany county and resided there until 1833: in that year he emigrated with his wife and four children to Ohio, mak- ing the journey overland with a four-horse wagon; he located in Richland county, on a tract of timber land which he occupied until 1838, he again started westward, coming to Illinois and settling where Rushville town- ship, Schuyler county, now is; here he im- proved a tract of land and passed the re- mainder of his life. He married Anna Mace, a daughter of John Mace, a native of London, England, who emigrated to America and fought in the war of the Revolution. Mrs. Hindman, the mother of our subject, resides with a daughter in Rushville township, at the advanced age of ninety-one years. Sam- uel Hindman, Jr., was four years old when his parents removed to Illinois. Here he grew to manhood, among the vicissitudes and privations of frontier life; the mother carded and spun the cloth with which the children were dressed, and they lived from the products of their land; Mr. Hindman re- lates that on one occasion his father sold a load of wheat at twenty-five cents a bushel, and at the same time paid thirty-seven and one-half cents a yard for calico. He received his education in the pioneer schools, the fur- niture and house being constructed in the most primitive style; in early youth he be- pan to assist in the cultivation of the land, and has since followed farming. SOHUFLBB AND BROWN COUNTIEa. 553 In 1859 he determined to make a trip to Pike's Peak, but at Fort Kearney the party met many returning with discouraging re- ports; Mr. Hindman then changed his course, going to CoflFey county, Kansas, whence he returned home after an absence of three months. He had once before started to the West, in 1855, accompanied by his brother John ; their .destination was Kansas, and they traveled via the Illinois, Mississippi and Missouri rivers to Richfield, Missouri, at which point his brother died of cholera; Mr. Hindman pushed on to Western Missouri, but on account of his brother's death he came back. He was married November 8, 1876, to Julia (Ward) Mathews, a native of Washing- ton county, Pennsylvania, and a daughter of James Ward, and a granddaughter of Thomas Ward, a native of England, who passed his life in the British kingdom. James Ward married Nancy Hamilton, a native of New Jersey and a daughter of Richard Ham- ilton. Mrs. Hindman was first married in 1853 to Thomas H. Mathews, a son of James and Sarah (Mclntire) Mathews; he died in 1873; one child was born of this union, Le- inonia H. Mr. and Mrs Hindman have one child, Juniata. Mr. Hindman inherited a part of the old homestead, and has devoted his life to agricultural pursuits. ^ENRY C. NIESTRADT, a general IB\ farmer living on section 12, township w(g 17, range 12, is a young, progressive man. He has always lived in this county where he was born September 29, 1861. He was reared and educated in the public schools, remaining home with his father until his ma- jority. He is thp third goi) of Henry B. Niestradt, who was born in Prussia, Ger- many, where he grew up and remained until he was twenty- five years of age. He then came to the United States and settled where he now lives and now owns a large property. He is the only member of his father's family that came to the United States. He is very active for his eighty years, and is proud of his good, healtliy German blood, He was married, in Cass county to Charlotta Miller, who was born in Prussia, Germany and who came alone, the first of her father's family who ventured to this country. Her parents have died, but the most of her brothers and sisters have joined her here. Henry B. and wife are both active members of the Lu- theran Chiirch and he has l)een an officer in the same for some years. Henry 0. is one of seven children, two having died in in- fancy. Mr. Niestradt has been a farmer for some years, having carried on farming for three years before he took the present farm. This he purchased September 30, 1890. He is a very practical man and has so improved his eighty acres that one would predict great success for him in the future. He was married, in this county, to Miss Minnie Lawner, who was born in this town- ship, August, 1868. Her early life was spent at home with her parents, Frederick and Car- rie (Meyer) Lawner, both natives of Illinois. They were married in Cass county and began life as farmers in township 17, range 11, and there Mr. Lawner died, in 1878, being under forty years of age. He was a good citizen, a fine farmer, a member of the Lutheran Church and a Republican in politics. His wife was married for a second time, to John Kern, who lives in Arenzville, Illinois. Mrs. Niestradt is the only child born to her father. She is an intelligent women and 554 BIOGRAPHIOAL REVIEW OF 0A88, makes a good wife and mother. She and her husband have one child, Anna B. Mr. and Mrs. Niedstradt are Lutherans in religion and Mr. Niedstradt belongs to a Republican family. They are highly re- spected people of their neighborhood. I^ERMAlSr H. LOVECAMP, one of the f Wl ^^^^ successful farmers and stock- TS^d raisers of township 17, range 11, near Arenzville, Illinois, was born in this county in 1840. He has passed his life in this sec- tion and is the son of Katherine and Fred Lovecamp, both natives of Germany, born and reared in Hanover, and married after they came to St. Louis. They were early settlers of Cass county, coming to Cass county about 1835. They were both industrious and economical, and bravely contended against all the trials that beset the early settlers. They spent their last days on the large farm which their united efforts had earned. Mr- Lovecamp only lived to be forty-live years old, but his wife survived him until she was seventy-eight. They had both been Luther- ans, and Mr. Lovecamp was a Republican, a worthy, good citizen and his wife was one of the best and kindest women in the world. Herman grew up under his mother's care and became a farmer also. He was married in this county to Mary Peters, born in Han- over, Germany, December 19, 1843. She came to the United States and to Beardstown with her parents, Mary and Fred Peters, in 1845. Mr. Peters was a blacksmith by trade, a good mechanic and had always been a hard- working man until the time of his death. lie was a Democrat and belonged to the Lutheran Church. He died in 1877, aged sixty-live. His wife is still living in Beards- town, and upon her last birthday, August 18, 1892, was seventy-three years old. She is still active and has been a member of the Lutheran Church all her life. Mrs. Love- camp is one of nine children, three yet livincr. She is one of the good, German women where she resides and she has the respect of the whole neighborhood. She is the mother of twelve children: Emma and Cora died yonng; John is a harnessmaker in Arenzville; Will- iam, a farmer in Cass county, married Miss Caroline Carls; Henry assists in running the home farm; Mary, Christina, Lucinda, Louisa, Alma Albert and Julius all are at home. They are Lutherans and they have had the pleasure of seeing their children confirmed in the same faith. Mr. Lovecamp and his grown sons agree in their political faith, being members of the Democratic party. Mr. Lovecamp owns over 240 of well im- proved land, and has been the possessor of it for the past fifteen years. He has made a great many improvements on the place and now resides very comfortably in his nice home with his family around him. -«^ *- i^DWARD T. MILBY was born in Sus- sex county, Delaware, August 4, 1835. His father, Nathaniel J. Milby, emi- grated with his wife and four children to Illinois in 1840, settling in Rushville town- ship. The journey was made by canals and rivers and proved a tiresome one. The father bought a tract of land and hastened to make it ready for settlement. Two acres of the land had been cleared and a plain log cabin had been built. This was all. But deft and will- ing fingers soon made things assume a fairly comfortable shape, and western life was fairly under way. This log cahia, by the way, was SCEVJLER AND BBOWN COUNTIES. 555 the iirst permanent house of its kind in Illi- nois. Mr. Milby, Sr., occupied the farm to the day of his death. The maiden name of the mother of the subject of this sketch was Mary Wilson, born in Sussex county, Dela- ware. She died on the Schuyler county home farm. In tliose days nearly every one lived in log cabins of one room. The housewife spun and wove the cloth used for the clothes for both sexes. She also had many other duties to which the wives of farmers now are strangers. Edward attended school attired in home- spun that his mother had made for him with her own hands. Notwithstanding his school duties he assisted on the farm and continued to do so until his marriage, when he began for himself on rented land in Huntsville. He continued to pay rent for land for about ten years, when he bought two and a half acres in Bnena Vista township. He lived in the latter place but two months as he went to his father's farm, where he stayed for seven years and then bought eighty acres in section 23. After ten years' residence there he sold out and bought the place where he now resides. On his farm of 223 acres he does general farm- ing and stock-raising. Mr. Milby has been married thrice. The first time he was twenty-three years of age when he married, and the lady who honored him with her hand was Lydia Hillis, of Rush- ville, the daughter of John and Jane Ferres Hillis. She died in 1865 and Mr. Milby re- mained single until 1872, when he again en- tered the married state. The second lady was Lizzie J. Davidson, of Kentucky, and she died in 1879. Mary A. Bauer, of High- land county, Ohio, the daughter of Valentine Bauer, was the lady to whom he was married January, 21, 188Q. Mr. Milby has had six children, all of which save one, are living. Three of the children are the issue of the first marriage: Frank, Clement and Lizzie, and the other three are the issue of the second marriage. The second child of the second marriage, Heme, died when three years old, but the other two, Walter and Ida, are living. Mr. Milby is an earnest member of the Methodist Episcopal Church South, while the present Mrs. Milby is a member of the same church in the North. In politics Mr. Milby is a disciple of " Old Hickory," he being a Democrat. CATHERINE SAUNDERS, who has kept a little store for years at La Grange, Brown county, Illinois, is the widow of John Saunders, and was born in Huntingdon county, Pennsylvania, in 1826. Her father, John Whited, and her mother, Mary Sheckler, were of the same place in Rennsylvania. Her husband was from Maryland. Mrs. Saunders is the fourth child of a family of eleven. As her parents were poor, Mrs. Saunders has had no educa- tional advantages, but has worked hard from early childhood. She was married at the age of twenty- three to William Thomas, with whom she lived ten years, bearing him four children, all of whom have died. In 1855, she came West to this part of Brown county, where she has lived the most of the time. She was married a second time when she was thirty- four years old, to George Wei bourn, of En- gland. By this marriage, there were two children, one of whom died in infancy, the other at eighteen years of age. Mr. Wel- bourn died in 1862, aged thirty-two years. 556 BIOORAPHIGAL REVIEW OF 0A8S, of congestive chills. She was married to her last husband, John Saunders, of Virginia. By this husband, she had one daughter: Liz- zie, now Mrs. John Cisco. Her husband is a native of Ohio, and a farmer by occupation, working by the day. They live at home with her mother. She received a good eduction at the public schools, and now conducts the store for her aged mother. Mrs. Saunders has seen some hard times in her life, but she has bravely met her troubles and conquered them. She owns her little home and store, which are nestled under the hill on the banks of the Illinois river, where she has done a snug little business, paying as she went. Mrs. Saunders is not wealthy, but she owes no one, and expects to finish her days here happily. She is a good and worthy woman, and deserves much praise for the way in which she has supported her- self, keeping out of debt as she has. ^RS. MIlSrERYA HINMAN was born near her present farm home, January 2, 1832. Her father was Ralph Alexander, and her mother, Elizabeth Fields. She was born in Indiana, and he in Hillsboro, Ohio, in 1808. Elizabeth Fields was left an orphan at eight years, was reared by a Mr. Scott, of Indiana, who gave her a good school- ing for that period. She was married in Indiana, at sixteen years of age, to Ralph Alexander, when he was twenty-six. He was a tanner and currier by trade, and followed that business until they came West to Brown county, in 1829. They came as other emi- grants did, and made their first stop in this neighborhood, at the home of Ezekiel Rosses, who had come here about six months earlier. The two families dwelt in this one log house during that memorable winter of deep snow, and it was not a large cabin, either. With his good span of horses, Mr. Alexander helped Mr. Rosses harvest his first crop of grain and hay. He took a half section of land close by, to which they moved in the spring of 1830, and lived in the rough log cabin on the place. It was in this mansion that our subject first saw the light. Eight years later they moved into the two-story hewn-log house, and in this very good dwell- ing the father died, in 1846. He died a com- paratively young man, leaving his wife, who survived him some thirty years, and died in Kansas, aged seventy. She was the mother of twelve children, many of whom have also passed away. The living ones are: Thomas /M., a ranchman in Arizona, now seventy-one years old, who killed two mountain lions at this age; Milton H., living at Versailles, Illinois; Mrs. Hinman; James, now in Ari- zona, and the youngest of the family; John P., pastor of the Baptist Church at Auburn, Illinois. Mrs. Hinman was married in this county, in 1851, to Gideon Hinman, who was a widower with three sons. They have had eight children: Clara, Otis, Ralph and Hes- ter have died. The living are: Minerva J. Withrow, of Cooperstown; Nellie Swenson, wife of a farmer at Mound Station ; Abra- ham Lincoln, the unfortunate son, crippled and nervous from infancy from whooping- cough. He is very bright in some things, especially in figures. He cannot express himself. Elizabeth is the next child, and is known as Dolly, a young lady at home, who graduated at the Rushville Normal College, being the valedictorian. Two of the sons of Mr. Hinman's first marriage are still living, large farmers and stock dealers. SCHUYLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 537 Mr. Hintnan left his wife this iine estate of 160 acres of rich farm land with good buildings, well stocked. She has made a suc- cess of conducting it, pays taxes like her male neighbors, even if she cannot vote. She believes in a rotation of crops and clover. She grows from forty to sixty acres of corn, yielding from tifty to sixty bushels per acre, and feeds the most of it to hogs, of which she sells from fifty to sixty-five per year. She has colts, and about thirty head of cattle raised on the farm. The farm is in a finer condition than ever before. Mr. Hinman came here about 1840. He was a school teacher, and he soon settled on eighty acres south of Cooperstown, and two years later he entered 160 acres. He started with no means at all, but by his industry he accumulated a large property. He was in ill health some time before his death, and Mrs. Hinman had the experience that has proved so valuable to her in the management of the farm. ijARO HARRIS was born in Sqhuyler county, Illinois, November 10, 1864. His parents were F. Marion and Arthusia (Hollingswqrtl:^) Harris. Mr. Har- ris, Sr., was borq Qn the farm, on which his son now lives, in 1844, and he died March 27, 1892. Maro Harris is the only surviving child, and he was educated in Schuyler county. When about fourteen he decided to see some- thing of the world outside of Illinois; so yisited Pikes Peak, Denver, etc. He is a fine musician, and there is a great demand fpr his talents. He enjoyed himself to such a degree during his trip that he did not re- turn until three years ago. He tried farming 87 when in the West, and was successful in his undertakings. He has inherited a fine farm of 320 acres in Schuyler county from his father, and owns valuable property in the vicinity of Beardstown, besides the fine farm in Colorado. He was married about three years ago to Miss Melinda Betville, of Arkansas. They have one child. Mr. Harris is a Republican in politics, and is a good business man, and is respected by all who know him. ILLIAM PERRY.— The gentleman whose sketch it is our pleasure to present to our readers, w^s born in Cooperstown township, at the present hpme of his father, March, 184^. His f^fher, James Perry, was born o^ Powel's river, ^n Tennessee, in 1808, poir]ing to Illinois in 1830. William Perry was reared to farm life, and w^s -^ell educated in the common schools, teaching several terms after finishing his education. His marriage occurred, in 1866, when he was only twenty-two to Miss Mary E. G-rover, daughter of W. P. Grover, and his wife, a Miss Patterson, both natives of Ohio, but residents of Brown county. Mr. and Mrs. Perry first rented the old home farm, and in 1876 bought eight acres for 13,200, which he sold two years later, buying his present farm of eighty acres on section 32, paying the same price for it. By this marriage Mr. Perry had six chil- dren, one of whom died when an infant. Mrs. Perry died in 1878, leaving three sons and one daughter, namely: Oscar, twenty- four; Elmer, twenty- two; Scott, eighteen, and Hattie, fourteen. He was again married in 558 BTOOBAPHIGAL REVIEW OF 0AS8, 1882, to Miss Anna Whitehead, of this county, daughter of Dr. John and Mary (C4ilford) Whitehead. Mr. and Mrs. Perry have one living child, Orpha, aged six. Mr. Perry was Town Collector, at twenty- two years, and served as Assessor for two years, from the time he was twenty-three un- til he was twenty-five. He next served as Township Treasurer for twelve years. Until 1876 he was a Democrat, but since that time he has been an advocate of reforms, being now a member of the Farmers' Alliance, or People's Party. Mr. Perry carries on general farming on his beautiful farm, where he resides, sur- rounded by his children and his loving wife; and if ever a man had cause to be proud of his past life, it is the subject of this sketch, William Perry. ^ '^ I^ILLIAM H. GKIPFITH is a native son of the State of Illinois, born in Woodstock township, Schuyler county, April 5, 1847. His father, Joshua Griffith, was born in Tuscarawas county, Ohio, and was there reared to the occi^pation of a farmer. In 1837 he accompanied his father to Iowa, and three years later he came to Schuyler county, Illinois, and purchased forty acres of wild, timber land. He built a log-house, which was his dwelling for fifteen or twenty years. In connection with his agricultural pursuits he had mastered the cooper's trade, which he followed after com- ing to this county. His fatlier was Nathan Griffith, and he died in this county at the residence of his son, Joshua, aged ninety-three years; he was a soldier in the war of 1812, and drew a pension from the Government in recognition of his service. Joshua Griffith married Margaret Hoffman, who died at the age of fifty-seven years; they reared a family of eleven children, all of whom are living. Mr. Griffith is living a retired life at Lewis- town, Fulton county, Illinois. He has a few acres of land, and is devoting his energies to fruit culture. Politically he is identified with the Republican party, and while a resi- dent of Schuyler county was Justice of the Peace for many years. He is a self-made man, and has accumulated his entire property since coming to the State; he has been very successful in his farming operations, but has relinquished the care and management of his land to his son, William H. He has bravely done his share in the development of the re- sources of Schuyler county, and the present prosperity of the commonwealth is due to the men of his type. William H. Griffith was married October 9, 1870, to Miss Susanna Custer, a native of Washington county, Iowa, born August 12, 1852. Her parents, Abraham and Susanna (Antrim) Custer, were natives of the State of Ohio; the father died in Iowa, but the mother survives, and is a resident of this county. Mr. and Mrs. Griffith are the parents of four children: Elmer E. was born September 17, 1871; Wilmer E. was born January 26, 1877; Edith L. was born February 26, 1880; Myrtle was born March 32, 1888. After his mar- riage Mr. Griffith settled on a farm with his grandfather, renting for a year; he then pur- chased forty acres, to which he removed, and later bought an additional forty; he has the management of the entire farm, which con- sists of 200 acres. In politics he affiliates with the Republican party, having cast his first vote for General Grant's second term. The paternal grandfather of our subject was one of the pioneers of the county; he SCaUTLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 559 made the journey to the frontier when the distance was wearily covered by driving or walking, and met the privations and hardships unflinchingly, as became the sturdy soul who undertook to rescue this wilderness and con- vert it into one of the most fertile States of the Union. Let the coming generations never forget the debt of gratitude they owe their worthy forefathers. ?AMES M. PATTERSON, one of the successful farmers of Cooperstown, re- siding on section 31, was born in this county, June, 1849. Bis father was Joseph Patterson, a native of Highland county, Ohio, who lost his father when very young and was reared by an uncle, learning the wool- carding business. He came to Brown county, when young, in company with the family of James B. Kussell, making the journey by team, in 1830. The gentleman with whom he pame brought his family of seven. Mr. Patterson married one of the daughters of Mr. Russell, Phoebe, whose mother had been a Miss Sarah Lincoln, a native of Pennsyl- vania. Her husband, however, hailed from the State of Yermont. They were married in Fulton county, between 1843 and 1845, £|,nd Mr. Patterson pursued his trade at the Cardie mills, near Versailles, and then in Versailles. Their next place of settlement was in Elkhorn township, and later they moyed to this county, where he worked in a flouring mill. He also cleared a fine farm of Jieayy timber. The gentleman whose name appears at the headinw of this sketch was reared to farm life, and was offered plenty of opportunity for improvement, but like many boys of that age he did not appreciate nor take advantage of his opportunities. When twenty-one he began working by the day and month. Mr. Patterson was married, January 16, 1879, to Miss Sarah Howell, born May, 1856, daughter of Thomas and Rebecca (Bearel) Howell, natives of Indiana and North Caro- lina, respectively, Mr. Howell came to Illi- nois when he was eleven or twelve years old, in 1832, and was there married, twelve years later. They bought eighty acres of land, built a log house, where they spent the first year of their married life, and then moved to a much better piece of land on which they built a permanent house, and lived therefor twenty-one years, when they moved one half a mile away. Mrs. Howell died November, 1878, aged fifty-three years and fourteen weeks; on February 14, the husband followed the partner of his joys and sorrows, dying at the age of fifty-seven. They had ten children, but lost all but three, they all dying at the farm, spme in infancy and others later. These good people had been extremely poor when they were married, but when they died they had 100 acres of fine land and a property worth about $30,000. They were good, worthy people who richly deserved their good fortune, Mr. and Mrs. Patterson began their mar- ried life on the old homestead, where they remained for one and one half years, then, in 1881 bought their present farm of 160 acres, paying $8,000 for it. On this farm was the present fine frame farm house, built by the former owner, J. Stiles. They built their large, ornamental barn in 1885. It is a fine structure, 40x60 feet, with eighteen-foot posts and a shed 12 x 60, and they can house sixteen horses. These good people have buried one infant son and still have two living: Otho T. and Lee R., the former twelve years old, the lat- 560 BIOGBAPHIGAL REVIEW OF CASS, ter nine. They are intelligent little lads, who are fond of their books. Mr. Patterson is pursuing general farm- ing, growing corn, wheat and hay, of which he has just cut a fine crop, filling both barns. He engages in stock-raising, having some forty to sixty head of cattle, hogs, and now feeds sixteen head of horses, three of whom he has raised. Mr. Patterson is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and adheres strictly to the princi- ples of the Democratic party. Mrs. Patter- son is a devout member of the Christian Church, and she and her husband are worthy members of tbe society of Cooperstown. Es4<^ jRTHUJR A. McCABE, M. D., one of the most prominent physicians of Yer- sailles, was born in Macomb, Mc- Donough county, Illinois, December 17, 1856. His father, John McCabe, was a na- tive of Ohio, and his father, also John Mc- Cabe, was a native of the same State. The latter gentleman was a blacksmith who came to Fulton county, Illinois, about 1849, where he followed his trade until he went into the army, in 1862. He had a family of seven sons and one son-in-law when he went to the defense of the old flag. Four of his sons, he, himself and the son-in-law, all perished in the army. Mr. McCabe dying from the effects of poison in a mince pie, which was bought of a Confederate and contained poison. The names of his sons who fought in the late struggle, were: John, father of subject; Miles, James, Marion, Westley and the son-in-law, James W. Jefferson, who married the daughter, Mary McCabe. There were four other brothers, also. Miles survived the war, but died of consumption, contracted in the service. John was a volunteer in the Eighty-fourth Illinois Infantry, entering as a private and coming out as an Orderly of Company A, after a service of three years. He was wounded at the battle of Lookout Mountain, a ball passing through his ankle. He received a furlough, but on his way back to Washington he was hurt by jumping from the cars; so badly was he injured that he was obliged to delay joining his command for some weeks. While waiting he joined the Masonic fraternity, and while sick in a strange city proved the worth of the order. When he returned, he was given a commissary position, and served his time out. His brother James was in the service three years and came out of the war sound and hearty, and is now a resident of Texas, in the employ of the railroad. He had quite a romantic accident some time since. He was injured by an explosion in Ohio, and he was nursed back to life in ^ Catholic hospital by the Catholic Sisters. So impressed was he by their sweet faces an4 kind, skillful treatment that he declares that if he ever marries, one of those sisters will be his wife! John McCabe was married, at Indian- apolis, Indiana, to Mary Ann Clark of that city, when twenty-two years of age. They came to Illinois soon after marriage, and made their home on a farm in Littleton township, Schuyler county, moving from there to Macomb, and from there to Eush- ville, where they have lived ever since. Here Mr. McCabe has carried on a successful busi- ness in the manufactury of brick and tile, in connection with his son, James. Mr. Mc- Cabe has three sons and one daughter, namely: James; Arthur, subject; Howard C. ; Cora May, wife of Allen Walker, of Rushville. Two sons and one daughter died in infancy. aOHUTLEB AND BROWN OOUNTIES. 561 Dr. McCabe was educated at the Rushville high school, and in the College of Physi- cians and Surgeons of Keokuk, Iowa, grad- uating in the class of 1878. He began his practice in Bath, Mason county, where he re- mained for two years, then removing to Lit- tleton, Schuyler county, where he remained for two years, when he finally removed to Versailles. Here he practiced for four years and then removed to Mt. Sterling and re- mained for one year, returning to Versailles, where he has remained ever since, enjoying a good practice. The Doctor was married, January 1, 1879, to Carrie E. Seely, of Rushville, daughter of James Seely and Mary Sanford, born in New York. They have one daughter. Myrtle Isabelle, a promising, beautiful child of ten years of age, whose musical attainments on the piano are wonderful for one of her tender years. The Doctor is a Master Mason, and a mem- ber of the fraternity of Modern Woodmen. He has been a Republican since the start of the party, and has always voted according to the principles of that party. He has served on the central committee for some time. The Doctor has gained the confidence and respect of all who know him, and his large practice testifies to the appreciation in which his services are held. He and his estimable wife bold an enviable position in Versailles society. ^ ^. S. GLOVER, of Beardstown, was born about thirty years ago at I® Winnemac, Indiana, and was there reared and partly educated, but desiring to to improve his knowledge of books he at- tended a college at Valparaiso, Indiana. Upon completing his course there he became a telegraph operator there, working in the city of his birth for some time and later at Logansport, Indiana, for the Pittsburg, Chi- cago & St. Louis Railroad. He remained here three years and then went to Nickerson, Kansas, in a similar position on the Santa Fe road. He was in active service there as a train dispattiher until he came to Beards- town and the Quincy system, February, 1882. Like most railroad men, he has since that time seen very active service. Mr. Glover's personal appearance and jovial manner are sufficient to make friends for him everywhere. He comes of a respectable line of ancestry, who date their first settlement in this coun- try prior to the Revolutionary war. His grandparents lived and died in Ohio, where his father^ Samuel Glover, was born, at Ports- mouth, Ohio. He came to Winnemac when young and there became a successful me- chanic, and was thus engaged when the Re- bellion broke out. He enlisted in the Eighty- First Indiana Infantry, but was transferred later to the JSinth Indiana Cavalry, and con- tinued in the service for three years, seeing much hard fighting He was neither cap- tured nor wounded, but he contracted a terri- ble camp malady, from the effects of which he died in 1866. He married in Winnemac, Indiana, Hannah Hawes, of Kentucky, who had been brought to Indiana by her parents in the '408, where they lived and died, re- spected by all. Mrs. Hannah Glover is still living, and is very active in spiteof her fifty - seven years, and makes her home with her son, W. S. Glover. She is a Christian lady and has been a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church for years. Septembers, 1886, Mr. Glover received the promotion of chief train dispatcher for the St. Louis & Rock Island Division of 562 BIOOBAPEIOAL REVIEW OF GA88, the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy, affecting 285 miles of line and railroad and places him over several men. His energy and fidelity to business is v^hat brought him this promotion. While in Nickerson, Kansas, Mr. Glover met and married Sarah Van Arnsdale, a lead- ing lady of that place. She received a prac- tical education in Ohio, that being her place of nativity. She has no children, but is known as a worthy wife and kind neighbor, and she and her husband take an interest in bettering humanity. They affiliate with no particular church creed. They are interested in everything that benefits Beardstown, and have recently built a fine residence with all modern improvements in the best part of the city. Mr. GlOver is a sound Republi- can, and is interested in local politics. He is a prominent member of Beardstown Lodge, No. 107, Knights of Pythias, and has filled all the chairs. • jUGlTST KROHE, an did settler and well-to-do farmer, was born on Saxony, Germany-, oh August 19, 1812. He came of good German blood and good fam- ily. He is the sOn of Christian and Rosina (Reicker) Krohe, natives of Saxony, where they grew up and lived until the family of children were all born and part df them grown np. They then took passage on a sailing vessel in August, 1835, and after a seven weeks' voyage landed in New Orleans, coming thence up the Mississippi and Illinois rivers to Beardstown. From there they soon went to Spring Bluff, and here they bought and improved new lands, part of which was Government land. It was on this farm that the father and mother spent their last days. the former dying at the age of seventy-nine years; the latter was eighty-eight when she died. They were a healthy and prosperous family, and the same quality is in their son, August, who is as bright and healthy at eighty years as he ever was. The father and mother of our subject were members of the Lutheran Church. Mr. Krohe has a fine farm with good build- ings on it, on which he has lived since 1840. It is in section 8, township 17, range 11. He has always been identified with the best in- terests of the county, and has lived to see wonderful improvements here. He was married in this county to Miss Christianna Jockisch, born near the farm of her husband in Saxony, Germany, in 1810. She was yet a young woman when her par- ents and grandparents came to the United States, in 1835, on the same vessel that the Krohes came on, and they, like the latter, found good homes in Cass county. Soon after com- ing here, Mr. Krohe and Miss Jockisch were married, and lived together until 1889, when Mrs. Krohe died. She was a good mother and wife and was a faithful member of the Lutheran Church. She was the only daugh- ter of Gottlieb and Christianna (Jacob) Jock- isch. Grandfather Jockisch died here in 1886, after he had been here about a year. He was then about sixty-four and was a good, reliable old man. His name was Gottlieb Jockisch, and he was the founder of the fam- ily in this country. Mr. and Mrs. Krohe had six living chil- dren: Louis, a farmer in Schuyler county, married to Sophia Korte; Minnie, wife of Henry Korte (see biography); Louisa, wife of a farmer of Morgan county; Henry (see biography); Amelia, wife of Henry Rupel, a farmer on Mr. Krohe's homestead. aCHUTLEB AND BROWN COUNTIES. 503 Mr. Krohe, wife and all the family have been members of the Lutheran Church, and Mr. Krohe and his sons are Democrats. They are all worthy people. iATHAlSriEL P. MESERYE, a resident farmer of section 30, Lee township, was born in Caledonia county, Vermont, March 25, 1825. His father, Nathaniel, was a native of Barnstable, New Hampshire, born about 1794, and died at the age of ninety-two, in Vermont. The subject of this sketch was educated in the best New England schools for a teacher, which profession he followed for over twenty years, in the East and West. He taught sev- eral years in Illinois, both before and after his marriage. He married Mary J. Meserve, a cousin who was born in 1839. She was a daughter of Joseph and Elizabeth Meserve^ who were English people. The peculiar in- cident that led to this marriage was romantic. After Mr. Meserve had been in Hlinois some time, he was shown a letter from this young miss, and he said to his friend who showed it to him, "That girl shall be my wife;" and sure enough, when she came West she became his wife. They were married in Brown county, in 1856, and settled on their present farm two years later, first buying eighty acres and later 100 more. In 1870 they went to Colorado Springs, where they remained six years. This move was made partly on ac- count of Mr. Meserve's failing health. While there he invested in silver mines, and now owns one mine and has an interest in another. They returned to their lUinoian home. They have two children, Ai Meserve, born in 1857, and Hosabelle, born in 1871. T^e son is a farmer, and both are at home where they have enjoyed every advantage and have im- proved every opportunity. Mr. Meserve is not strongly partisan, but votes the Republi- can ticket. His wife is a Presbyterian, and is an interesting lady. He is in failing health and strength, and has retired from all business. They are both admirable people, and are greatly esteemed by all who know them. P^O N.WILLIAM C. RENO, of Browning, Illinois^ dealer in grain and stock, is a native of this township, born in 1838. He is the son of Jonathan and Louisa (Thorn- ton) Reno, both natives of east Tennessee, father born in 1811, the mother in 1813. The paternal grandfather, also named Jonathan, came to Sdhuyler county in 1825, and was accompanied by his son, Jonathan. The lat- ter was married in 1834. William Reno grew to manhood in Brown- ing township, spent a year traveling through Kansas, Nebraska and Colorado, and on his return was married to Rebecca A. Wallace of Browning township, in 1860. She was born in 1841, grew up in the same neighbor - hood, as her parents were very early settlers in this county. Mr. Reno was raised on a farm and followed that occupation until nine yearsago, whenhe went into his present busi- ness. He has been an active man all his life. In 1880, he was elected Representative to the State Legislature, and served one term of two years, having been elected on the Demo- cratic ticket. For many years he has been an active worker in political affaii-s, and on the national and State issues has always affil- iated with the Democrats, but in county and township affairs he has voted for men rather than measures. Mr. Reno is a man of ster- ling integrity, having the esteem of all with 564 BIOGBAJPHIOAL REVIEW OF CASS, whom he has been associated, either socially or in business capacity. He has been Justice of the Peace for Browning township for the last sixteen years, and has represented his township on the Board of Supervisors for five or six years, and has held the various offices of the county. Mr. and Mrs. Keno have seven living chil- dren, having lost one, namely: Samuel F. is cashier of the bank at Kushville, Illinois; Sa- lina and Jennie are at home, the former a teacher in the public schools; Mark M. is a telegraph operator at Creston, Iowa; Minnie M. is a teacher in the public schools; Jay and Fred are still at home. Mrs. Reno belongs to the Methodist Episcopal Church. The Reno family are of French ancestry on the father's side and of Welsh and Dutch on the mother's. The family was established in America five generations ago and all were given to agri- cultural pursuits. His father was a soldier in the Black Hawk war. 4^ ^(D^ '^■ iLENDON L. ROWLAND, one of the most prominent citizens of Yersailles, Illinois, was born in Newark, Ohio, De- cember 5, 1856. His father, Thomas Jack- son Rowland, was born near Winchester, Virginia, about 1826, and his father, grand- father of subject, was named Martin Rowland who was a farmer of Virginia, who died therein 1830, in early manhood, of consump- tion. He was married and had four children namely: Julia Ann, wife of Mr. McCapp; Abner died near Jacksonville, Illinois, leav- ing four children; Thomas, father of subject; Lucinda, wife of Henry Lybarger, died in middle life, 1 eaving two children. Thomas Rowland married Leonora Barney of Sackett's Harbor, New York, daughter of Thomas J. and Louisa (Wells) Barney, of Wellsville, New York. The latter died in Watertown, New York, and the mother of subject was reared by an uncle, James Barney, who moved to Newark, Ohio, when she was a small child. Here she was married to the fa- ther of subject, who was a harnessmaker and worked at his trade at Newark, Millwood and Spring Mountain, Ohio. He and Senator Joseph Wilson were shopmates and warm friends. They came West in 1864, to Keokuk, Iowa, but three years later landed in Ver- sailles. They were in humble circumstances and had only $200 when they arrived in Ver- sailles. Mrs. Rowland bore her husband eleven children, three of whom died in in- fancy, and another, Emma, died when seven years old. The adults, seven in number, are as follows: Blendon L., of this notice; Anna, wife of Charles W. Wainnon, of Rushville, Illinois; Lucinda C, wife of Oscar Van De- venter; Abner C, of the mercantile firm of Rowland Brothers, hardware and farm im- plements; Love Augusta, of Versailles; Bes- sie, wife of J. C. Cleveland of Versailles; and Homer M., bookkeeper and salesman for the firm of Rowland Brothers, a promising young man of twenty. These children all received a good common-school education and are all well informed, intelligent people. The parents, while not wealthy, were able to give them a good start in life. The mother died in 1884, but the father is still living a retired life in Versailles, making his home with Abner C. The maternal grandfather, Thomas J. Barney, died in St. Paul, in his seventy-eighth year, leaving an estate of 1100,000, which he willed to his nephews ftnd nieces, making no mention of this daugh- ter. This injustice was too great, so Blendon broke, the will and recovered $40,000 to the family, showing great ability in the contest. SGHUTLEB AND BBOWN COUNTIES. 565 although he had received no education in this direction. He persistently worked at the case in the face of much discouragement from a prominent lawyer, who told him that there was nothing in the case. His efforts were richly rewarded and much credit is due him. Mr. Blendon Rowland left the harness trade, in 1884, having worked at it for twenty years, and embarked in his present business, with his brothers. They do nearly all of the business in this line, and he is the leader in this line, as he alsvays was in the harness business. Mr. Rowland is chairman of the Demo- cratic Central Committee of Brown county, and has filled all the township offices, being School Director for ten years and the Super- visor from this township. He is a Master Mason, and is a very influential man in his township. He and his charming wife have four chil- dren, DoUieEowland, a young lady of twenty ; ]N"ellie, wife of A. R. Groves of Versailles; Nettie, fourteen; and Ethel, eight. Mrs. Rowland is a Methodist and her hus- band is favorably inclined toward that church. 4^-^^ E^ lATHANIEL G. SLACK, M. D., de- ceased, stood at the head of his pro- fession in Schuyler county, and it is fit- ting that his name should be recorded in this history as one of the most skillful and be- nevolent practitioners. He was a native of England, born April 9, 1830, a son of John and Ann Slack; the father spent all his life in England, but after his death the mother emigrated to America and settled in Fulton Illinois; she had married a second time, a Mr. Fotts, who died a few years after they came to this country. Nathaniel G. was a mere lad when his father died, and still in his youth when he came to the United States with an older brother; he first settled in Rhode Island, and thence removed to Fulton county, Illinois. He attended Farmington Academy, and afterward went to Cedar Rap- ids; but the funds to defray his expenses were raised through his own efforts; possess- ing a natural talent for painting, he secured pupils in this art, and taught until he had saved sufficient means to carry him through his literary course; he then taught school for a time, and choosing the profession of den- tistry he was in due time engaged in prac- tice. All his leisure time, however, was given to study, and he attended medical lectures at Keokuk later on ; he finally abandoned the profession of dentistry, and began practicing medicine in Fulton county, Illinois. In 1859 he removed to Rushville, Schuyler county, and in November of that year entered upon a career, every action of which reflected honor upon his name. He was very successful in the practice of medicine and was a skillful surgeon. The poor found in him the truest and kindest of friends, and the best knowl- edge was as freely given to them in their distress as was expended in the care of the wealthiest patient. In addition to his professional duties, Dr. Slack found time to engage in mercantile pursuits, and was also interested in the woolen mills here. He was united in marriage November 12, 1858, to Eliza C. Berry, a native of Fulton county, Illinois, and a daughter of Henry (J. Berry, who was a native of Berkshire, En- gland; the grandfather, Joseph Berry, also a native of England, emigrated to America, accompanied by his family, and settled in Canada; he removed from the Dominion to 568 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OF GA8S, Fulton county, Illinois, about 1839; he pur- chased a tract of land there on which he re- sided until his death; his wife's maiden name was Elizabeth Blanche; her death occurred in Fulton county. Henry 0. Berry was a miller by trade, having mastered this vocation in England; he followsd this pursuit after coming to America, and also engaged in farm- ing. Later he disposed of his land and em- barked in mercantile business in Fulton county, Illinois. Thence he removed to Cali- fornia, and lived in Santa Ana for a number of years; his death occurred there. He married Elizabeth Temple, a native of En- gland, who emigrated to this country with an uncle. Dr. and Mrs. Slack had born to them six children: Clement L., Sheridan Grant, Flora M., Bessie, Clara and Henry. Politically, the Doctor affiliated with the Republican party. During the war he was United States Marshal, and passed through many dangers and perils in the discharge of his duty. He was a member of the Rush- ville Lodge, I. 0. O. F., and also belonged to the Encampment. He continued in the active practice of his profession until overtaken by death, August 9, 1887. The country lost a loyal, noble-hearted citizen, the medical pro- fession a skilled practitioner, and the family a beloved husband and indulgent father. I^>^' [AMUEL A. MOORE, of Lee township, was born in the State of North Caro- lina, in 1820. His father was William Moore, a farmer and blacksmith, who emi- grated from North Carolina to Indiana when about sixty years of age. He settled on a farm in Monroe county, where he re- sided some fifteen years, when he again sold and moved to Illinois, in the fall of 1852. He died on his farm near Kingston, when about eighty-five years old. His wife was Margaret Summers, born near Baltimore, and died when nearly eighty years old. They left what was considered a good estate at that time. Samuel had but little schooling, as there were no public schools where he was reared. His parents had but a small farm, but did the best they could for their children. He worked by the day and month for some years, and was married at twenty-six years of age, in Indiana, to Sarah, daughter of John and Agnes (Jones) Goodnight. They were farm- ers and moved to McDonough county, Illi- nois, about two years after Mr. and Mrs. Moore came to Illinois. Mr. and Mrs. Moore started with no means when they were mar- ried and they worked rented lands three years near Bloomington, the county seat of Monroe county. They then started with a pair of horses, a covered lumber wagon, bedding, furniture and clothing, all that they could draw for a new home. They camped nights in their tent, which they brought along. They drove two milch cows, and had a pleasant journey of some three weeks. They settled in Adams county, where they now have a good farm of 240 acres and other lands there, making 720 acres in this part of Illinois. They have seven living children: A. W., of Chicago, a stock-dealer in the Exchange building; Elizabeth, at home with her parents; Esther Ann, wife of J. H. Amran, a farmer of Lee township; Sarah M., wife of I. M. Sout, of Ripley, Illinois ; Paris D. is on the old homestead; S. D. remains on the old farm, and Mary £. is still at home. Mr. and Mrs. Moore, with most of the chil- dren, are professors of the Christian faith. 80EXTTLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 567 Mr. Moore is a Democrat. He never sought office, but was made Supervisor of the town- ship, and for sixteen years a director of the County Agricultural Society. ^EJSTRY R. SUTHERLAND was born in Knox county, Ohio. His father, Joseph B., was born in Trumbull county, Ohio, and his father, Benjamin, married Jane Beard, of Pennsylvania. They were farmers aud spent the most of their lives in that county. Joseph Sutherland married, in Ohio, in 1834, Jane, daughter of Joseph and Sarah (Crider) Eaton both of Pennsylvania. They were married in Ohio, where the father died, in middle age, and the mother died in Little- ton, Illinois, aged fifty. Mr. Joseph Suther- land died in Ohio, aged twenty-four, leaving his widow and this one son. She was mar- ried again, to Henry Schoonover, of Ohio, by whom she had two children, both dying young. They came to Illinois in 1858, and settled near the present home soon after com- ing. They bought 140 acres first, paying 1800, and they have lived here since, where Mr. Schoonover died, aged forty-four years. Mrs. Schoonover and her son, Henry R. Sutherland, have added to the original pur- chase of eighty acres, making 220. All of this, except twenty acres, is under good culti- vation, and these twenty are in pasture and timber. They were left in good circum- stances, and by good management have prospered since. Henry married Ella R. Pratt, of Licking county, Ohio, daughter of Hector and Susan E. (Reed) Pratt. They have two children: Twilie D., born July 3, 1887, and Glen C, born August 30, 1889. Mr. Sutherland has been a School Director for many years. He has a good education, and is an intelligent, reading man. He is a Democrat. They have one a general farmer, raising the usual crops, but he sells no grain but wheat. He has six cows and the same number of horses, and fattens forty to sixty hogs, also feeding some cattle. They raise a great plenty of orchard and small fruits. Mrs. Sutherland is a Baptist, and the whole family are greatly esteemed by their large circle of admiring friends. DAM L. HAGEMAN was born Feb- ruary 26, 1857, on the farm which he now owns. Here he grew to man- hood, and was educated. His father, Isaac Hageman, was born in Schuyler county, Pennsylvania, in 1809, of English and Scotch ancestry. His wife was Susanna Lischy, born in York county, Pennsylvania, in 1813, of German and Scotch ancestry. They were married in 1837, in Ohio, and removed to Illi- nois in 1839. They settled on the farm where their son now lives in Monroe precinct, Cass county, Illinois, where both died, the father in 1873 and the mother in 1883. They had eight children: Jesse, William, Emanuel, Noah, Miller, Adam, Amanda and Sarah. All the children except Jesse were born on the old homestead in Monroe pre- cinct. He was born in Ohio. Mrs. Hageman was raised in the Lutheran faith, but after marriage she joined the Methodist Episcopal Church with her husband. Both were con- sistent members of that church at their death and were respected by all. Adam bought out the other heirs and now owns the old homestead. The farm comprises 422^ acres of farming land well adapted to 568 BIOGRAPHICAL BEVIMW OP CASS, stock-raising. There are sixty acres of tim- ber on the land. He has rented the farm for live years. Next year he purposes moving his family to Virginia to live in comfort and ease. He is a Republican in politics. He was married to Miss Lizzie Jockisch of Bluff Springs, Cass county, Illinois, born May 20, 1865, he being thirty years of age. Her parents were Charles T. and Eleanora (Carls) Jockisch, who were very early settlers of BlufFSprings. To Mr. and Mrs. Hageman have been born four children, three of whom are living: Mary Eleanora, Emma Madora, Effie Cornelia and a son who is yet un- named. Effie C is the one not living. Mrs. Hageman is a member of the Method- ist Episcopal Church and both she and her husband are worthy people. fO H N J. B E A T T Y, SherifE of Cass county and a member of the firm of Beatty & Hammer, formerly Rearick & Beatty, was born in Franklin county, Penn- sylvania. He lost his father when very young. The latter was of Irish descent and died in the prime of life. He was a miller by trade. His mother died soon after and he was reared by Jacob Rearick and wife, who brought him to Cass county, when he was six years old. They were early settlers of Cass county and here they lived and died, leaving three sons. The latter were very prominent in politics for many years. Mr. Beatty, after he had grown up, started out to seek his own fortune, always with the love and respect of his foster parents. He came to Beardstown in 1856, and afterward spent some live years in Missouri, engaged in the hardware business. His present business is dealing in farm implements and hardware. He is located on Main street and the present firm has been in business seven years. The store is an old one and was first started in the '408 and has been considered one of the leading stores of the city since it was started. Some years ago he was elected Mayor and held that office five terms. In 1980 he was elected Sheriff of the county, and has held this office with great credit to himself and satisfaction to the people. Being an ardent Democrat, he has taken an active part in local politics and has been a delegate to the Congressional conventions. He was married in Canton, Missouri, to Miss Mary Francis Pickering, of Boston, Massachusetts. Her father, John, was born in New England, and came from there to Chicago, and at one time was well-known as a railroad contractor and builder and now lives retired in Portland. His wife is yet living and is also quite old. They are both quite intelligent and are highly respected by all who know them . Mrs. Beatty was carefully educated and is the devoted mother of two bright young sons, William P. and Edward L. Mr. and Mrs. Beatty are prominent people of Beards- town and leaders in society. Mr. Beatty is a leading Mason, member of the blue and chapter lodges in Beardstown. HO MAS ARMSTRONG, a retired farmer now residing in Bainbridge township, was born in county Mona- ghan, Ireland, in March, 1837. His father, Robert Armstrong, was a native of the same county, but unquestionably of Scotch ex- traction ; he was a farmer by occupation, and passed his life in his own country. He married Jane Crozier, a native of county SCHUYLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 569 Tyrone, Ireland, and a daughter of "William Crozier; she emigrated to America in 1852, resided in the State of JN ew York four years, and then came to Illinois, where she spent the remainder of her days; she was the mother of sixteen children. Thomas Armstrong was a youth ot sixteen years when he came to America; he sailed from Uundalk to Liver- pool, and there embarked upon an American vessel; he landed at the port of New York after a voyage of five weeks and three days. He now found himself a stranger in a strange land, without money. After a time he found work at the cabinetmaker's trade which ho followed about a year and a half, and then turned his attention to marble-cutting. Times were hard, business dull, and he could earn but little more than a living. He there- fore determined to emigrate to the West, and try his fortunes on the frontier. He lo- cated at Kushville, Illinois, and worked by the day, month or job for three years. He then rented land for a time, aad a little later, purchased forty acres in Bainbridge town- ship; there was a small house on the place, and seven acres had been cleared ; this con- stituted the improvements. Mr. Armstrong lived here four years, and at the end of that time sold at an advance; he then bought seventy-five acres in the same township, made many valuable improvements, occupy- ing the place two years; he disposed of this farm and purchased 106 acres, which are in- cluded in his present farm. He has erected a nice set of frame buildings, has invested in other lands as his means increased, and now owns 285 acres. He was actively engaged in agricultural pursuits until 1892, when he removed to the home he now occupies; he erected this dwelling in 1891, and is sur- rounded with all the comforts which his years of industry have secured. Mr. Armstrong was married, in 1859, to Catherine Ryan, who was born in Buena Vista township, February 1, 1840, a daugh- ter of Charles and Margaret Ryan (see sketch of Thomas Ryan). They have six children living: John, Mary, Charles, Rob- ert, Samuel and Frank. The parents are consistent members of the Protestant Meth- odist Church. Mr. Armstrong is a sup- porter of the principles of the Democratic party. He is a man of strict integrity, and has the respect of the entire community. [ILLIAM SCHEWE, a large farmer m™\/i| and stock-raiser living in section 5, I— sj^l range 18, has a large farm of 160 acres. He owns in other parts of the county large amounts of land. He has altogether 680 acres, mostly in the Sangamon bottoms, and is unusually well improved. He has lived in this county ever since 1866. He has always been a farmer on his own account since 1869, having spent the first two years in Beardstown. He was born in Westphalia, Prussia, Ger- many, in 1839, and was reared and educated in his native country. When he was of age he set out for the United States, being the first of the family to come. He left Bremen in 1859, crossing on a sailing vessel to JSTew Orleans, and thence up the Missis- sippi river to St. Louis. After spending some years in the southern part of Illinois and around St. Louis, he came on to Beards- town, and has since been a tiller of the soil in Cass county. He was joined, some years after his coming to this country, by his father, William Schewe, who died in Cass county when forty-four years of age. He had lost his wife in Ger- 570 BIOGRAPHIOAL REVIEW OF 0A88, many, when she was in middle life. Her maiden name was Louisa Meyer. She and her husband were members of the Lutheran Church all their lives. Our subject and a sister, Mrs. Charles Brokemeier, are all that are living of the children born to their parents. Ou'- subject was married in St. Louis county, Missouri, to Miss Ingra Otschwe. She was born and reared in Prussia, Ger- many, and came to the United States when twenty years of age, and since her marriage has been a hard-working woman, and has borne her husband eight children: Anna, wife of Henry "Wette; Louisa, wife of Henry Merz, a farmer in this county; "William, Charles, Herman, Minnie, Henry and Emiel are at home. Mr. and Mrs. Schewe are members of the German Lutheran Church. Mr. Schewe is a Kepublican. 4^ ^ eAVID C. LINN, who ably represents Frederick township on the County Board of Supervisors, was born in Franklin county, Indiana, March 29, 1834, a son of John Linn, a native of Sidney, Ohio. The father was a carpenter and wheelwright by trade, and was engaged in the manufacture of large spinning and small flax wheels. He removed to Indiana when a young man, and followed his trade in Franklin county until 1839, when he started westward with his family, his objective point being Illinois; the entire journey was made overland, and after about five weeks of travel he landed in Adams county. At first he rented land near Camp Point, and two years later he bought a tract of land; here he erected a log house and a shop, and worked at his trade, at the same time superintending the cultivation of his farm. He made many valuable improve- ments, and resided on the place until his death in 1881. His wife's maiden name was Nancy Gant; she now resides at Camp Point, at the advanced age of eighty-three years. David C. is one of a family of eleven chil- dren, and was but six years of age when he came to Illinois with his parents. At that time Adams county was sparsely settled; deer, wild turkeys and other game abounded, and the iron horse had not yet penetrated the frontier. Quincy was the nearest market town, and was the depot of supplies for many miles around. Dr. Linn received his early education in the primitive schools which were taught in the log schoolhouse. At the age of eighteen he began the study of medicine under tiie preceptorship of Dr. Ashton, of Cincinnati; he also attended lectures at the Eclectic Medical College, and in 1857 began the practice of his profession at Birmingham ; he had been there but a short time when he went to Plymouth, where he practiced until 1859. In the spring of that year he was graduated from the Eclectic Medical College of Cincinnati, and then located in Frederick township, where he has practiced continu- ously since. He has been a close student of his profession, and has availed himself of every opportunity of improvement. In 1883 he attended a course of medical lectures at Bellevue Hospital Medical College, and in 1888 he was graduated from the Ohio Medi- cal College at Cincinnati. In the month of March, 1865, Dr. Linn entered the service of the United States, as Assistant Surgeon of the One Hundred and Forty-eighth Volunteer Infantry, and was on duty until the following September, when he 80HUYLEH AND BROWN COUNTIES. 571 was honorably discliarged, the war being ended. He was married in March, 1861, to Ada Folsom, a native of Illinois; she died in Au- gust, 1862. The Doctor was married again in 1863, to Delia Truett, of Baltimore. Po- litically he is a Kepublican, and a stanch supporter of the principles of that party. He was first elected Supervisor in 1886, and has served continuously since that time. He has been a capable and efficient officer, work- ing always tor the best interests of the county. He has been successful in his pro- fession, and has a large and appreciative practice. [ILLIAM THOMAS was born in Fay- ette county, Ohio, January 9, 1809. His father was John, a Virginian, who came to Ohio while the Indians were still plentiful on Paint creek. His first wife was Nancy Putnam of Pennsylvania, who died in early life, leaving six young children. Four years later he was married again, but she was drowned about one year later, while trying to save the life of his child. Some years later he was married again, and by this marriage he had six children, making in all thirteen. He died at eighty years, on his farm. These children have all passed away but our subject and Benjamin Thomas, a farmer in his eighty-fifth year, living in Iowa. William has been a farmer all his life and had very little schooling. He was married in Ohio, to Julia DeWitt, and came "West in the fall of 1831, with wife and one child. They came in a four-horse wagon and with three loose horses, which they rode part of the time. In good weather his wife rode his little pacing mare and carried the baby. He had very little money left when he crossed the river at Beardstown . He took up a homestead, and, not being able to deed it, sold out his im- provements and then had enough to enter 120 acres, for which he obtained a Govern- ment deed, and then had eighty acres under the plow and an orchard and two good hewed-log houses. There he lived from 1837 to 1860. He traded it for 160 acres of his present farm and moved upon it. There was an old log house into which he moved until he could build a good log house, and in 1866 or 1867 he built a part of his present frame house. In 1882 he built his good barn, and in 1884 he built the frame addition to his house. There is not a man living in this section that was living here when Mr. Thomas first came. Mr. Thomas lost his first wife in March, 1855, by whom he had seven children, Dru- silla Shield, deceased; John M., deceased; James, deceased; Sarah C, a maiden lady at home with her parents; William A., a mer- chant in Cooperstown; Peter A., farmer close by; Parmelia Ann Gibson, living on the homestead; Eliza Jane Garnett, in Arkansas. Mr. Thomas was married again, to Mrs. Nancy Brown, nee Clayton. She died, aged seventy-eight years, in 1884, after having been his faithful wife for twenty-four years. He is a Master Mason and organized the Ver- sailles Lodge, of which he is the last living member. He believes in moral reform in politics. -«5«E 3"' !•♦>£ ^^ fMANUEL LEIB, deceased, was one of the most highly respected farmers of Schuyler county, and it is fitting that his name should be preserved to the coming generations as an honored citizen of the 512 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OF 0AS8, great commonwealth of Illinois. He was born in York county, Pennsylvania, August 26, 1808, a son of Abraham Leib, a native of the same county; the paternal grandfather spent his entire life in York county, and there Abraham Leib was reared to agricultural pursuits; he, too, remained in York county until the day of his death. He married Matilda Ziegler of the same county, and she died on the homestead. Emanuel Leib grew to maturity, surrounded by rural scenes atid occupations; he remained in the place where he was born until 1865, when he em- igrated to niinois and settled in Rushville township, Schuyler county; he purchased a farm and spent the remainder of his life. He was an intelligent, successful farmer, and developed one of the most desirable tracts of land in Schuyler county. He was united in marriage to Miss Mary Ann Kimmel, a nativeof York county, Penn- sylvania, and a daughter of Philip and Eliz- abeth (King) Kimmel. Three children were born to them: Henry E , who married Addie Wells, is a resident of Chicago; Alice Leota, a stenographer, is also in Chicago; and John Robert resides with his mother. After the death of her husband, Mrs. Leib remained on the farm for three years, man- aging it with marked success; in 1890, how- ever, she rented the land, and is now making her home in Rushville. fW. ORWIG, of the firm of Orwig Brothers, successful house painters of * Beardstown, is one of the prominent men of the city. The firm employs from two to ten men and are noted for the excellence of their work. They make a speciality of fine graining. The firm includes J. W. and a brother, George. They have been doing business under the present firm name for the past twenty-two years: formerly the firm was known as "William D. Orwig & Sons. Mr. Orwig started the business as early as 1857. He was engaged in business with them as journeymen workmen for two years, coming to Beardstown in 1867. Here he died in 1875, aged sixty-three. He was born in Pennsylvania of Pennsylvania Dutch parents. He grew up in his native State, following in his trade of distiller, and was yet a young man when he came to Illinois, settling in Morgan county. Here he was married to Jane Whipp born in Yorkshire, England. She emigrated to this country with her parents, settling in Morgan county in the '30s. Mrs. Orwig remained with her parents until her marriage, and she made her husband a most faithful wife until his death. For some time after his marriage Mr. Orwig engaged in the mercantile business in Morgan county, but later went to Rushville, Schuyler county, where he was engaged in the same business for a time. In 1857 he entered the painter's trade, having learned his trade in Sandusky, Ohio. He was a good citizen and his loss was felt by all who knew him. He was a Republican in politics from the formation of the party. He was a sound friend and acquaintance of Mr. Lin- coln's, having formed his acquaintance while he, Mr. Orwig, was a clerk in the treasury department at Springfield. His wife is still living with her son, George L., at Beardstown and, although she is in her seventy-first year she is very active for her years and is a devoted Methodist and a good Christian woman. Her husband was of the same religious faith. Our subject is the eldest of two sons and three daughters, namely: Lizzie, wife of John Shaw, retired farmer of Beardstown; Mary, SGHUTLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 573 wife of Charles Fulks, wholesale grocer of Peoria, Illinois; Rosa I., wife of Milton Mc- Clure of Beardstowu; J. W., born in Rush- ville, Illinois, November 12, 1845, and George. Our subject was reared and educated in this city and was married here to Ann Sum- mers of Rochester, New York, born in 1869. She came to Beardstowu when young with her parents. They are still living in this place and are past middle life. They are well known and highly respected people. Mr. and Mrs. Orwig are parents of one child: Charles William. The are prominent young married people and are greatly liked "by their large circle of friends. '^ ^EWIS ZIMMER is now retired from act- Wji ive labor as a farmer and is living at the =?^ corner of Jefferson and Twelfth streets in Beardstown. He was born in Frankfort- on-the-Maiu in Hesse-Darmstadt, July 28, 1819. He came of Hesse-Darmstadt parents, his father, John Zimmer being a German farmer in a small way and died when ninety- two years of age. He was an active old man to the last, and when seventy-five thought nothing of walking twelve miles. He was a tried and loyal soldier and served his country for six years as one. His wife, whose maiden name was Margaret Snyder, died at the age of eighty, at the same place as her husband. She came of a long lived-family. They were both members of the State Church of Hesse- Darmstadt. Lewis is the youngest, but one of nine children born to his parents. Several of the family are still living and married, but Lewis is the only one who came to the United States. He grew up on the farm in his native country 88 and after he became of age he enlisted as a soldier in the regular Germany army, serv- ing six years; when he received his honorable discharge he came to the United States, leav- ing in August, 1846. He sailed from France on a three-mast sailing vessel, landing in New York city after thirty-one days' passage. He came thence to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, locat- ing fourteen miles west of that city and be- gan life in the new country as a day laborer. After about three years he came to Cass county, Illinois, through the influence of a German friend who lived there. Here he has lived ever since. He has a nice farm of 200 acres, a good portion of which is well improved and the soil is as fine as any in the county. The farm lies against Bluff Springs, in the valley of the same name. He came to the county a poor man, renting his farm, but in 1859 he purchased sixty-eight acres and on this began to farm on his own account. He added to this original farm until he had ac- cumulated a fine property and fortune, and this without assistance from anybody but his faithful wife. He was married in Beardstown to Mrs. Catharine Price, nee Keil. She was born in Hesse-Darmstadt and after growing up was married to Conrad Price, a gentleman of the same province. After marriage Mr. Pric® with his parents and young wife came, in 1845, from Bremen to Baltimore and thence to Beardstown, Illinois, and here a few years later he died very suddenly from paralysis, leaving his widow with quite a family, two sons who are now grown up and prosperous, Henry and John. The parents of Mrs. Price died in Beardstown when old people, their names were Conrad and Catherine (Shelman) Price. They were both natives of Hesse- Darmstadt and were all Lutherans. 574 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OF 0A38, Mr. and Mrs. Zimmer are the parents of two children: Lewis, Jr. (see biography), and Margaret, wife of Theo. Krohe, an implement dealer in the city. Mr. Zimmer moved into the city in 1888 and is now enjoying the fruits of his early labors. He is a Democrat in politics and he and his wife are members of the Lutheran Church. SiOBERT LITTLE was born in county Tyrone, Ireland, August 8, 1808. He was the son of William and Jane (Cro- zier) Little, who were both born in Ireland, where he died, at the age of sixty years, but she, surviving, came to Pittsburg, where she died, at the age of sixty-five years. William L. came to this country in 1831, in a sailing vessel. Captain Haines, command- ing. They were nearly six weeks on the trip and first landed at Quebec, Canada, and re- mained there that summer. He worked in Queen Victoria's works for about three months at dry masonry, and he was injured there by a large stone falling upon him which laid him up for about two months. He seems to have had a good deal of sickness and mis- fortune, and it was not until that fall that he was able to go to Eastern Canada, where he worked for two years. The next spring he came to Pennsylvania, and went into a boot and shoe store with his uncle. He left Canada against the wishes of the English company by whom he was employed, who offered to make him an officer and deed him a large tract of land. He remained in Pennsylvania twelve to fifteen years, engaged for the most part in superintending the construction of railroads. He wa-s married the day before he left Ire- land, and his wife came with him. He, his wife and eight children left Pittsburg for Illinois via St. Louis and Fredericktown, and from there came to Rushville. In 1844 he rented a farm for three years, and then bought a farm of partly improved land in Littleton township. The next spring he moved to this farm, into a little log house about ready to tumble down. The next year he built a substantial log house, and then built a frame addition and otherwise improved the entire house. He has now over 600 acres of fine land and two houses, and several lols in Littleton. Abont eleven years ago he re- tired from farm work, and rented his land to his boys. His wife was named Eliza Cun- ningham, was born in 1814, on the estate of Lord Mt. Joy, in Tyrone county, Ireland, Easter Monday. She was the daughter of Henry Cunningham, who came to Quebec, and the father, who was pensioner of the Brit- ish army, died at the age of sixty, and his wife at the age of sixty-five. Mr. Little's wife died in 1890, at home where he now lives. Mr. and Mrs. Little had ten children, seven of whom are yet living. EORGE E. RICHARDSON of Elkhorn township was born in St. Louis, Mis SQuri, iu 1846. He was the son of Rob- ert H. and Sophia (Armbrewster) Richard- son. He came with his parents to Illinois when a boy, and before he was of age went on the river and learned to be an engineer and followed that business until 1864, when he died. His father's family were farmers and mechanics. George remained at home until he was nineteen years old, having remained at school until fourteen. He entered an office in St. Louis as shipping clerk, and afterward came SCRUYLEB AND BROWN COUNTIES. 575 to this county and settled in Mt. Pleasant, and worked for an uncle one year on a farm. He then took to running a portable sawmill. Since then he has farmed and continued his business in the sawmill. He has been As- sessor and Collector, and is now a Democrat, although he first voted the Republican ticket. He was married April 22, 1875, to Miss Martha J. Gerrish, who was born in this county April 9, 1854. She is the daughter of Se wall and Elizabeth (Grove) Gerrish. Mr. and Mrs. Richardson have five children, namely: Otis E., Josie L., Sewall H., George Everett and Nina L. Mr. Richardson and family are prominent people in the township and they are steady church-going people. p,ENRY Y. NEWBOLD, now deceased, was born in Lippe-Detmold, Prussia, Germany, September 22, 1828. He came of a respectable family and his njother died in her native province when he was eight years old. His father, Henry, who was a small German farmer, came with his four children, in 1850, to New York city, and from thence to Stephenson county, Illinois, where they all settled for a time, and where a part remained. The father continued there with one of his sons until his death. He and his wife were Lutherans all theit- lives. Henry Y. came to Eeardstown |n J854, and two years later was married, and after a few years purchased a good fq.rm, five miles east of Eeardstown, where he lived and died. He was a practical farmer, improved his land nicely, put np a fine residence and good out- buildings. At the time of his death he owned 152 acres of good, improved land in the bot- toms. He was a much respected citizen and a working member of the Lutheran Church. His wife, who still survives him, and is managing the farm with remarkable success, is a very capable woman. Her maiden name was Mary Mohlman, and she was born in Westphalia, Prussia, September 25, 1838. She was twelve years of age when her parents came to the United States and to Eeardstown. There the father, Henry Mohlman, died, be- ing nearly sixty years old. He was a good mechanic and operated a large planing- mill, and also did business as a merchant. He was a well-known and worthy citizen, a Repub- lican, and an active member of the Lutheran Church. His wife is yet living, and bears her eighty years as well as can be expected. She has always been a consistent Lutheran. Mrs. Newbold lived with her parents until her marriage. She is the mother qf six intelligent children, all living: Henry A., a farmer of Christian county, Illinois, married to Phoebe Livergood; Ellen, wife of Herman Drawer, a farmer of Christ|an county ; Charles, also a farmer, married Amelia Tribs- water; William runs his father's old farm ; Emma is the wife of Parker Hammer and Lily M., a charming young lady, is at home with her n|other. The children are all well educated, and are highly respected through- out thi§ county. 4^ ^ ,MASA HILL was born two and a half miles from Friendship, Allegany county. New York, July 1, 1830. His grandfather Hill, a pioneer of Allegany county, and a farmer by occupation, died in 1832. His father, Nathaniel Hill, was born in Delaware county. New York; removed from there to Allegany county, bought a tract of timber land, and from the wilderness de- veloped a farm. He spent his life there, and 576 BIOGRAPHIOAL REVIEW OF CASS, died in 1838. The maiden name of tl)e wife of Nathaniel Hill and the mother of Amasa was Rhoda Titt'ney. She was born in Dela- ware county, New York, daughter of Horace TifEney. She came to Illinois, and died at the home of her son, Amasa, in 1875. Mr. and Mrs. Hill reared four children: Chancey, Horace, Mary and Amasa. Chancey now lives at Frederiektown, Knox county, Ohio. Horace and Mary are deceased. The subject of our sketch attended the primitive schools of Allegany county, which were held In log schoolhouses, with greased paper for windows and the seats made of slabs with wooden pins for legs. When he was nine years old his mother sold the farm, his father having died the previous year, and emigrated to Ohio, the western journey being made in a two-horse wagon. They settled in Knox county. There were no railroads in Ohio then, and the people lived off the prod- ucts of their farms and wild game. The mother bought fifty acres of land, eight miles from Mount Yernon, and there Amasa Hill was reared to manhood. At the age of four- teen he began to make his own way in the world, starting out from home with all his possessions tied up in a handkerchief. He went to Frederiektown, and there served a three years' apprenticeship to the trade of wagon and carriage maker. After learning his trade he did journeyman work there one year. In 1846 he came to Illinois, landing in Cass county, September 20. He found employ- ment in a carriage shop at Beardstown, where he worked four years. He then started in business in company with Richard Miller, and together they conducted a carriage shop four years. At the end of that time he and his brother, Horace, bought a farm and en- gaged in agricultural pursuits. They farmed together till the latter's death, April 13, 1877. Since then Mr. Hill has operated it alone. He was married, in 1850, to Mary A. Streeter, who was born in Jr'ennsylvania, August 11, 1832, daughter of Andrew J. and Diana Streeter. Mr. and Mrs. Hill had three children: Chancey, Amanda and Will- iam. Chancey married Lucy Schaeffer, and Amanda is the wife of J. Theirget, and has one child, Nettie. Mrs. Hill died Decem- ber 3, 1885. She was a consistent member of the Presbyterian Church, of which her children are also members. INGLEBERT CRAMER, farmer on section 33, township 18, range 11, was born in Beardstown, November 7, 1856. He was reared and educated in his native city. He is the son of Jacob H. Cramer, a native of Hanover, Germany, who came to America when a young, single man. He set sail from Bremen, on a sailing vessel, and after a long and stormy passage he landed in this country, and coming up the Missis- sippi river he located at Beardstown, Illinois. This was in the spring of 1848. He was a cabinetmaker, and had no difficulty in ob- taining work, as he was a skilled workman. He later engaged as mechanic, and house- builder, and carpenter. He was thus engaged the remainder of his life, dying at his home in Beardstown, in 1874, when he was fifty- four years of age, having been born in 1820. He was a Republican in politics, and a mem- ber of the German Methodist Episcopal Church, and a good substantial citizen. He was married in Beardstown, to Charlotte Frankle, born in Prussia, Germany, coming to this country with a sister. They settled in St. Louis, where they remained for a time SOHUTLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 577 She was a true wife and good mother, and a worthy woman, dying in 1888, being about sixty years of age. She was a member of the German Methodist Episcopal Church. She was the mother of ten children, seven yet living, three of them being married. Englebert grew to manhood in this county. He has a fine farm of 160 acres, which lies in the Illinois valley, and is well improved. He has good buildings on it, and also very good stock. He is a practical farmer, and a good manager. He was married to Paulina M. Hackman, born in this county, in 1858, where she was reared and educated. She is a very intelli- gent woman and good housekeeper. She has proved herself a kind and devoted wife and mother. She is the daughter of John H. and Louisa (Jockisch) Hackman. Mr. Hackman was born in Hanover, Germany, and came to the United States when thirteen years old with his parents, John E. and Mary E. (Stu- ben) Hackman. The family located in Cass county, in the early '40s. They bought a farm on which the father died soon afterward, and the mother some years later. John Hack- man was reared to manhood on a farm in this county, and was married here. After marriage he purchased land in township 17, range 11 (which is the home of our subject) and here Mr. Hackman and wife worked and built up a fine home and large farm of 320 acres in one body, and here they both died, the former April 18, 1874, aged fifty. He was a prominent man, a Republican in poli- tics, and was one of the builders and lead- ing members of the Zion Methodist Episco- pal Church. His wife died July 26, 1877. She was born in this county, in 1837. (For full biography of her family see history of William Jockisch). She was a kind and good neighbor, a worthy wife and mother, and a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. She was the mother of four children, yet liv- ing. Mrs. Cramer is the eldest; Frank J. R., a farmer in this county, married Rosa Wag- oner; Lydia C, wife of Henry Sitter, now a farmer in Petersburg, Illinois; Julius H. is single and lives with his brother, Frank. Mr. and Mrs. Cramer have four children: Louisa B., Jacob H., Julius W. and Engle- bert C-. Mr. Cramer is a stanch Republican, and takes a very pi-ominent part in politics, having held all of the precinct offices. He and his wife are leading people in the county. H. DRLTSE, passenger and freight agent at Beardstown for the Chi- ' cagOi Burlington & Quincy Rail- road since 1886, was born in Henry county, Illinois and was reared, educated and has al- ways lived in this State. His father lived on a farm when he was born and reared in that calling; later he learned the trade of a carrriage painter, but after pursuing the trade for a short time he found it was not congenial and so did not continue it. He then entered into the employ of the railroad. Since then he has been successful and has saved part of his income, with which he has purchased various pieces of real estate: in this is the valuable farm in Clay county of 160 acres. It was uncultivated when he pur- chased it, but he has ^mproved it until it is one of the best farms in the county. He has put a good farm house and farm building on it and has planted a large number of fine trees. Mr. Druse comes of Eastern people, his parents being from Kentucky. His father, Stephen Druse, was a farmer in Illinois and finally ended his days with his son in Leland, 57S BIOGBAPEIOAL REVIEW OF GAS8, Illinois. His wife, whose maiden name was Driggs, is still living and makes her home with Mr. Druse. She is now an old lady and holds to the doctrines of the Presbyterian Church. She has only five living children, all of whom, excepting Mr. Druse, are resi- dents of Nebraska. Mr. Druse came to Beardstown in 1882 and has not lost at single day since from the pur- suit of his duty. He has exclusive charge of the passenger and freight depots and has always proved himself worthy of the trust imposed in him. There are from twelve to twenty-five men under him all the time. He is a popular young man in his city and has the confidence of his employers. He has a thorough knowledge of his business and is a man of good habits. "When he first came to the city he was clerk and night agent for the Quincy Railroad until 1886. He was also connected with the main line, with head- quarters at Leland for some time. When he was first employed he was the youngest man in the employ of the road. He was married in Beardstown, to Miss Bertha Boehme of Williamsville, Illinois. She was yet young when her parents came to Beardstown and here she was reared and edu- cated. Her father, Julius Boehme, was a na- ive of Germany who settled in Illinois and was engaged as a mechanic until his death. His wife followed her husband some years afterward and was about the same age when she died. Her maiden name was Anna Phil- lipi and she also was a native of Germany. She came to this country with her husband and they became pioneers of Beardstown. Here they spent the remainder of their days. They were people quite well known to the people of this city and county and can be properly associated with the history of this place. Mr. and Mrs. Druse have a close social re- lation with the better class of Beardstown so- ciety, and are prosperous, progressive young people who will make life a success. They ad- here to the moral principles of life, but hold to no church creed. Mr. Druse is a stanch Democrat, but is no oflSce seeker. He is an active worker for the principles of his party in a local way. He is a working member of the Masonic order, Cass Lodge, -No. 23, and takes a live interest in public matters tending to benefit the city and county. fAMES L. GREER, who was for more than twenty years the popular landlord of one of the best hotels in Rushville, was born near Five Mile Town, county Ty- rone, Ireland, January 14, 1820, the son of Robert and Catherine (Lendrum) Greer. (See sketch of George Greer.) He was a lad of nine years when his parents left the beautiful Emerald Isle and crossed the sea to America. When thirteen years of age he was sent to sea as a cabin boy on a cruising vessel, mak- ing the principal ports of both the Atlantic and Pacific coasts. A portion of the time he was drillmaster, and after seven years he was discharged as an able-bodied seaman. In 1841 he removed to Rushville and there engaged in the manufacture of brooms for a few years. During the war he was engaged in buying horses under contract from the Government. Previous to the war he had bought a farm in Littleton township, on which he resided until 1869, when he sold out and came to Rushville. He purchased the prop- perty which has been used as a hotel, and be- came the proprietor of a hotel which he man- aged with rare ability; he had a large and en- thusiastic patronage, and a reputation that reached as far as his guests traveled. 80HUTLEB AND BROWN COUNT I ES. 579 Mr. Greer was married in 1841, to Nancy Wilson, who was born in Nelson county, Kentueliy, a daughter of Elijah M. and Jane (Hawley) Wilson. Six children have been born to this union, who are still living: Em- ily, now Mrs. McCreery, Robert, George, Charles and Milton. Robert and Charles are engaged in the mercantile business at Kear- ney, Nebraska; George is a carpenter, and Mil- ton is in the livery business at Rushville. Mr. Greer and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He assisted in organizing the first Methodist Episcopal class in Littleton, and aided very materially in the building of the church. For a number of years he was superintendent of the Sabbath- school, and has always been a devoted worker in the cause of the Master. He is a man of excellent traits, and has the respect of all who know him. 4^ ^ jET. JOHN W. HAYES, general farmer on section 7, township 17, range 11, was born in Clark county, Missouri, but was reared in Schuyler county, Hlinois. He is the son of George W. Hayes, a native of Kentucky, and own cousin of ex-President Hayes. His mother was a relation of J. Q. Adams. Mr. George Hayes came to Indi- ana when a young man, and followed his trade of general mechanic and cooper carpenter. Here he was married to Martha Fifier, of Jennings county. Here he lived for a few years, and then moved to Missouri, coming to Schuyler county, Illinois, in 1862, and began life as a farmer. Later he settled in Rushville, and there the wife and mother died, in 1886, when in middle life. Mr. Hayes still lives in Rushville, and is sixty- six years of age. He is a Methodist, as is his wife. He was a Democrat. He has three living children; Nancy, wife of Mr. Lee of Rushville; L. Jennie, wife of M. B. Woods, living at Havana, Illinois, and John W. John W. Hayes has been in this place only a short time, formerly living in Schuy- ler county, Illinois, where he had lived the most of his life after he was five years old. He was married in Schuyler county, to Annie Horton, who bore him no children. He was married a second time, in Cass county, to Mrs. Martha E. Buck, nee Wegle, born in Cass county, where she has since lived. She is the daughter of Jeptha and I^hebe (Tood) Wegle, natives of Kentucky, where they were reared and married. They came to Illinois in the '30s and settled in Brown county. Later they came to Cass couiity, and settled on a farm, where Mr. Wegle died, in 1861, in middle life, being born in 1812. He was a farmer, a Republi- can, and a meniber of the Union Baptist Church, His wife makes her home with her daughter, Mrs. John Hayes. She is quite old, being born in 1812. She is a Baptist, and was the mother of twelve children. Mrs. Hayes is the youngest of the nine now living, all married With families. Mrs: llayes was married for the first time in Cass county, to Stephen D. Buck, who was born oh the farm he lived to own and im- prove. . fiiere he died, September 16, 1890. He was then fifty-seven years old, being born of a family of pioneers, who came here at an early date from North Carolina. Mr. Buck was a kind husband and a good citizen, a Democrat in politics, but not an oSLce seeker. He was the father of ten children, two de- ceased. Those living are: Flora, wife of Elza Merrot, of Cass county, a farmer; Julius H. works for a farmer in this county; Ste- phen D. and Ella, at home. Edith M., Lillian 580 BIOGRAPHIGAL REVIEW OF CABS, M., and Walter A. are triplets, and are bright healthy children. Mr. Hayes is a minister of the Church of God, and has been the pastor of the church for several years. He is a forcible speaker, and prominent minister. His wife is a member of the Baptist Church. Both are worthy people. (EORGE W. BARNEYCASTLE, Alder- man of the First Ward, Beardstown, and blacksmith for the Quincy railroad, was born in Bertie county, North Carolina, October 1, 1844. His father, George W. Barneycastle was born and spent all his life in Bertie county. He spent his life ia farm- ing, and died at the age of seventy years. His wife died when little George was twelve years old. At the death of his mother, little George was taken by an uncle and aunt, James and Sarah Wilson, and taken by them to Cass county, Illinois. They settled on a farm in Arenzville precinct. Here George was raised and his uncle and aunt lived and died. He learned his trade in Beardstown under the oldest firm in the city, John Webb & Co., and completed his trade a little before he was twenty-one. He then tried his hand at farming for three years, but finally entered the Quincy shops, and has since been engaged there. He has been on their pay rolls ever since 1878. When George was eighteen, he enlisted in Company I, Third Illinois Cavalry, Captain Samuel Shelenberger in command. They went as a regiment to the front in 1864, and engaged in many small battles in the Cum- berland mountains and Mississippi, under General Hatch. After serving for about one year he was mustered out at Snelling, Min- nesota, October 20, 1865. He escaped un- hurt and was never captured. He was always on duty and never was sick. Since the war he has lived in Beardstown most of the time and has been an enterprising citizen. He is a member of the G. A. K., McLane Post, 97, also a member of the subordinate lodge I. O. O. F., and is Past Grand Commander, having filled all the chairs. He takes an act- ive part in local politics and serves his party. Democratic, in a very proficient manner. He has been closely associated with the best in- terests of the city. He was married in this city, to Miss Eliza- beth Dengler of Schuylkill county, Pennsyl- vania, born in 1845. She came West with her parents when very young, the family set- tling in Bath, Mason county. Her father and mother died when quite old, Mr. Deng- ler being an engineer. Mr. and Mrs. Barneycastle attend the Methodist Episcopal Church, of which Mrs. Barneycastle is a member. They have three children besides the one child, William, who died when young. The living children are: Lillie M., a type- writer in the office of the " Star of the West;" Clyde, at home. ROBERT ANDERSON, the capable and enterprising manager of the lumber business of J. S. & G. S. Russell, and a popular citizen of Ashland, Illinois, was born in county Tyrone, Ireland, December 22, 1842. His parents were William and Mar- tha (Kimpston) Anderson, both of whom were natives of county Tyrone, where they were married and where all of their children were born. In 1847, they came to America, and located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where both parents afterward died. This worthy couple were the parents of five chil- SGHUTLEB AND BROWN O0UNTIE8. 581 dren, of whom the subject of this sketch was the first son. Jane, the first in order of birth, died in young womanhood, in Philadelphia; next in order was our subject; Kate, the third child, resides in Biicks county, Pennsylvania; Sarah, now Mrs. Finley, lives in Philadelphia where her husband is a carpet manufacturer; Willie was born in Philadelphia, but died in infancy. Mr. Anderson lived with his maternal grandfather in Ireland, until he was twenty- two years of age, when, in June, 1865, he came to Philadelphia. He ren)ained in the city of Brotherly Love until the fall of 1872, and was, in the meantime, on May 2, 1868, married there, to Miss Mary A. Lucas, who was born in his native county, in Ireland, and who had been a schoolmate of his in the beautiful Emerald Isle, in which country her parents spent their entire lives. In 1872, Mr. Anderson came to Jackson- ville, Illinois, where he entered the employ of Eussell Brothers, with whom he has been connected ever since. In 1876, he started the business in Ashland, which he now oper- ates, which is the only lumber-yard in that city, and they enjoy a large and lucrative trade. The entire management of this large enterprise is vested in Mr. Anderson's hands. It is he who pays the men, does all the col- lecting, and handles all the money, and is, in fact, a trusted employee, whose integrity is unimpeachable and his faithfulness unsur- passed. Mr. and Mrs. Anderson have four children: Kobert L.,twenty-four years of age and unmar- ried, is the manager of a lumber business in Virginia, Illinois; Henrietta, is the wife of Ferdinand L. Strawn, a prominent and suc- cessful young farmer near Jacksonville, Illi- nois, to whom she was married January 6, 1892; Sarah E. and Willie Johnson are still under the parental roof: the former, now past eighteen years of age, is an efficient teacher in the public schools of Sangamon county; the latter is employed, during vacation, about the lumber-yard or on the farm belonging to the Russell Brothers. All of the children have had excellent educational opportunities in the common and high schools of Ashland. Kobert L., the oldest son, is a graduate of the Jacksonville Business College, and Henrietta graduated in music at the Jacksonville Con- servatory of Music, and taught that beautiful art in Ashland for several years, being very successful. In his political affiliations, Mr. Anderson ig a stanch Bepublican, advocating most thoroughly the principles of that party. He abhors free-trade England, and deeply sym- pathizes with his oppressed countrymen across the water. Socially, he affiliates with the I. O. O. F., Knights of Pythias and with the A. O. U. W. The entire family are earnest and useful members of Pleasant Plains Presbyterian Church, contributing liberally to its support and advancement. Ireland and America being such friends, it is natural that their respective countrymen should entertain the kindest regard for each other, especially if, as in Mr. Anderson's case, they are irreproachable in business and social life, inspiring all worthy men with the deepest respect and esteem. !SAAC R. GARNER, a prominent and esteemed citizen of Ashland, Illinois, and an honored veteran of the late war, was born in Cass county, Illinois, February 21, 1846. His parents were Greenberry and Mary J. (Kedman) Garner, his father being a na- tive of Indiana, while his mother was born in 582 BIOGRAPHIOAL REVIEW OF GAS 8, Morgan county, Illinois, in which latter county their marriage took place in 1837. The father was a prominent and useful min- ister of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and was an active member of the Illinois confer- ence for more than forty years. The paternal grandfather of the subject of this sketch. Rev. James Garner, was also an able minister of the same denomination, while four brothers of our subject's father were also ministers of the same church. The family was originally from Hollaad, but have been established in America since an early day. The subject of this notice was one of ten children, seven of whom are now living. Hannah E., the old- est, is the wife of Rev. Gr. B. Wolfe, an itinerant minister in the Methodist Episcopal Church in the Illinois Conference; Charles W., mar- ried, is a farmer in Pike county, Illinois; Isaac R., the subject of this biography; Mary A., widow of J. Bagby, resides in Ashland; Hattie E., wife of Ross Ister, lives on a farm in Pike county, Illinois; Ueorge, unmarried, is a horse trainer in Virginia, Illinois; Min- nie Lee, wife of Jerry Ritter, lives in Ash- land; James died in childhood; WiUiam N. died aged eight years; and Elina Bell aged thirteen. The early life of our subject was spent in school and in working in a store, up to the time of his enlistment in the army. He offered his services to the Twenty-first Illi- nois Regiment, under General Grant, but was rejected on account of his youth ; a year later, however, he was accepted in Company I of the Sixty-second Illinois Infantry, and was assigned to duty in the Army of the West. For a time he served in the Sixteenth Army Corps, and was afterward under Gen- eral Steele in the Seventeenth Corps. Mr. Garner was appointed Drum-major of his regiment, serving in that capacity most of his army life. His duties were to drill his own band, and he was afterward detached and placed in charge of the bands of new regi- ments as drillmaster. He participated with his regiment in several skirmishes, and took part in the battle of Little Rock. It was while on board a boat, in the spring of 1864, that he met with a distressing accident, which destroyed his sight, and he has been totally blind since the spring of 1866. The anguish occasioned by the deprivation of sight has been intense, and for twenty-six years he has never looked upon the face of his wife and children. On May 2, 1865, he was honor- ably discharged, and at once returned to his parental home in Cass county, Illinois. He afterward entered the Blind Institution at Jacksonville, where he remained four years, taking the entire live years' course. He then engaged in selling musical instruments, in which business he continued for seven years. After this, he was for two years in the livery business at , Plymouth, Hancock county. Later, he followed trading for a time, but, since coming to Ashland, about twelve years ago, he has retired from active business. He receives a liberal pension on account of his misfortunes. Mr. Garner was married November 10, 1885, to Miss Grace E. Douglass,'a highly es- teemed lady and a daughter of W. S. and Vir- ginia (Job) Douglass, honored pioneers of Cass county, Illinois, who now own and operate the Central Hotel, in Ashland. Mrs. Garner is the second of five children, of whom Charles, the eldest, is unmarried, and is in the insurance business in Ashland; Edward, died in infancy; Ellen is the wife of Dr. William Bane, a practicing physician of Springfield, Illinois; William is employed in a drug store in Ashland, and is unmarried. Mr. and Mrs. Garner have two children. SOSUTLER AND BUOWN COUNTIES. 583 Harold D., born in Ashland, September 10, 1886; and Helen Lee, born September 2, 1888. Politically, Mr. Garner is a straight Re- publican, and takes a deep interest in the affairs of his country. Socially, he is a prom- inent member of Douglass Post, No. 592, G. A. R., in Ashland. He is a devout and useful member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and is active in forwarding the interests of the church, Sun- day-school and other religious and charitable enterprises. Thus, notwithstanding his deep aiiliction, he does more for his fellow-men than many others who have nothing of that kind with which to contend. In the midst of all his sorrow, he is buoyed up with the sense of a duty done by which he is assisted in liberat- ing thousands of suffering humanity, who might yet be groaning in bondage. This and the universal esteem of his associates and friends tend to brighten his otherwise dark pathway through life. fILLIAM HARVEY McCASKILL is one of the oldest of the native-born citizens of Hlinois now residing in Brown county. He was born in Sangamon county, niinois, July 23, 1826. His father, Daniel McCaskill, was born in North Caro- lina, and his father, John McCaskill, was born in Scotland, coming to America when a young man, locating in North Carolina, where he married a lady of Scotch birth, and spent the remainder of his days there. His son was reared and educated in his native State, but came North when a young man and engaged in teaching. He married in Indi- ana, at the age of thirty-four, and either in the fall of 1825 or the spring of 1826 came to Illinois, making the journey overland with teams. He located in Sangamon county. At that time the State capital was at Van- dalia; Springfield was but a hamlet, and the surrounding country was sparsely settled. He engaged in teaching, and resided there until 1834, when he emigrated to Schuyler county, settling in that part now included in Pea Ridge township. Brown county. He entered a tract of Government land, and at once built on the place. He was one of the first teachers in the county, and followed his profession for many years. He superin- tended the improvement of his farm, which he occupied until his death in 1851. His wife was Esther Turner, daughter of Archi- bald Turner, of Ireland, of Scottish descent. William has been a resident of this county since his eighth year, and has witnessed the improvement and development of this sec- tion of country. Deer, wild turkeys and other game were plentiful. There were no railroads for years, and the people were obliged to convey their grain by team to a distant market. The people lived principally off of the products of their own farms. His father used to raise flax and sheep, and his mother manufactured all the cloth used in the family, dressing the children in home- spun made by her own hands. William received an ordinary education, but began when very young to assist his father on the farm. After his marriage he settled on a farm on section 1, where he re- sided until 1864, when he settled on the old homestead, which he had bought from the other heirs. The farm, which is well im- proved, contains 240 acres; besides this he has a farm of ninety acres in Bates county, Missouri. He was married in October, 1851, to Jane 584 BIOGRAPHIOAL BEVIMW OF OASS, Crooks. She was born in England, and came to America with her parents when an infant. Mr. and Mrs. McCaskill have eight children living: Daniel Morgan, Mary, William H., Thomas L., Ella, Esther, Cora and Kate. Mr. McCaskill is a Republican in politics, and he and his wife are highly respected members of society. SINIS E. DOWNING, the present Clerk of the Circuit Court, and a resident of Virginia, was born in Virginia, Cass county, Illinois, August 24, 1846. Of his life and ancestry we record the following facts : Rev. Nathan H. Downing, his father, was the son of John Downing, son of William Downing. The father of William was a native of Scotland or Ireland, of Scotch an- cestry, and was one of three brothers who came to America in early Colonial times. He settled in Virginia and there spent his last years. William Downing was born, reared and married in Virginia, and about 1784 moved to Kentucky, becoming one of the first settlers of Garrard county. For some years after his settlement there the Indians were numerous and troublesome, and the whites lived in block-houses. He cleared and de- veloped a farm, and resided there till his death. John Downing was about eight years old when the family moved to Kentucky. He resided there till 1828, when, with his wife and ten children, he moved to Missouri and settled in Marion county. He entered a tract of Government land, twenty miles from Han- nibal, erected a log cabin, and there spent the remainder of his days, dying in his fron- tier home on the 7th of June, in 1832. The maiden name of his wife, grandmother of the subject of our sketch, was Susanna Hall. She was born in Virginia, daughter of Ran- dolph and Sally (Woodson) Hall. Her death occurred at Newark, Knox county, Missouri, March 4, 1861. She reared nine of her twelve children. While John was a resident of Garrard county, Kentucky, his son Nathan H. was born there, November 11, 1811. The latter was seventeen years old when the family moved to Missouri. His youtSful days were spent in assisting his father on the farm, and when he was twenty-one he entered Marion College, Marion county, Missouri, and worked his way through college. Before leaving Kentucky he was converted, and while a col- lege student joined the Presbyterian Church. After completing his studies he was employed at various kinds of work. He subsequently bought an interest in a sawmill at Hannibal, which he operated six or seven years. In 1842 he came to Virginia. During this time he had severed his connection with the Pres- byterian Church and had joined the Cumber- land Presbyterian Church, and was ordained as preacher of the Salt River Presbytery. He came to Virginia to accept the pastorate over a small society here and other charges in this vicinity. He was instrumental in building a church and having a college located here. His death occurred in Virginia, November 30, 1853. On March 16, 1836, he was united in marriage with Eliza J. Head, who was born in Boone county, Missouri, July 16, 1821, a daughter of Alfred R. Head, a native of Vir- ginia. Her grandfather, William Head, was born in England; came to America and served in the Revolutionary war. After ' residing in Virginia some years, he moved to Missouri long before it was a State. He erected a block-house on his place, four miles from Rocheport, which is now known aOHUTLBR AND BROWN COUNTIES. 585 as Head's Fort. He resided there till death. His son Alfred, grandfatlier ofMr. Downing, went to Missouri with his parents, and on their frontier farm he was reared. All his life he was engaged in agricultural pursuits. He bought a tract of land near the old home in Boone county, and lived on it till his death. His wife, nee Margaret Heard, a native of Garrard county, Kentucky, was a daughter of John and Jane (Stevenson) Heard, pioneers of Howard county, Missouri. Her second husband was John Arnold, and her death oc- curred at the home of her son, Jesse Arnold, near Los Angeles, California. The mother of Mr. Downing is now a resident of Yir- ginia. She reared three children, viz: John C, who served in the One Hundred and Four- teenth Regiment of Illinois Volunteer In- fantry, and died in the service at Memphis, in 1863; Finis E. ; and Lucy J., who married Russel G. Middle ton. The subject of our sketch was seven years old when his father died. He continued to reside with his mother, attending the public schools and working on the farm. "When he was twenty years old he was employed as clerk in a dry-goods store in Virginia, re- maining as such live years. Then he engaged in the mercantile business on his own account in Virginia, and conducted the same until 1869. Next we find him at Butler, Missouri, where he clerked till 1874, after which he re- turned to Virginia, and continued clerking here till 1880. That year he was elected to his present position ; has since been re-elected twice, and is now serving his third term. He has been quite an extensive dealer in real estate, both in city property and farm lands. In 1868 Mr. Downing was united in mar- riage with Sue H. Payne, who was born in Fayette county, Kentucky, daughter of Will- iam B. and H. E. Payne. They have one son, Harry F., who graduated from Knox College in the class of '90, and from the law department of the University of Michigan in 1891. Soon after Mr. Downing was elected to his present oflice he commenced the study of law, and in January, 1887, was admitted to the bar. Politically, he has always affiliated with the Democratic party. He has served as a member of the City Council, and has been a member of the Senatorial and Congressional committees. Fraternally, Mr. Downing is associated with the Virginia Lodge, ISTo. 544, A. F. & A. M; Clark Chapter, No. 29, K. A.M.; Hospitaller Commandery, No. 31, K. T. ; Saxon Lodge, No. 68, I. O. O. F., and Vir- ginia Camp, M. W. A. fRANCIS MIJHLERT, now deceased, was born in the kingdom of Hanover, Germany, April 4, 1820. He grew up there and obtained a good German education. His father was a professor of mathematics in Hildesheim University, and as a linguist he could speak five different languages. He had three brothers and two sisters. Fred- erick, the eldest brother, and Ferdinand, the youngest, are professors in the University of Gothingen. Herman went to the East In- dies, where he became head physician of the East India hospitals. The two sisters. Bertha and Amelia, are still in their native country, married. All are members of the Lutheran Church. His parents lived and died in their native province and he was the only one of the family to come to the United States. When twenty-eight years of age he embarked on a sailing vessel from Hamburg to New BIOQBAPHIGAL REVIEW OF 0AS8, Orleans, and after the nsual tedious trip arrived in Beardstown, February, 1848. In Germany Mr. Muhlert had been overseer of a large farm, but after his arrival here he be- came for two years a merchant in Arenzville. About this time he was married to Paulina Winhold, born in Kurhessen, Germany, Jan- uary 4, 1831. She was the daughter of William and Barbara (Weber) Winhold, who were born in the same place in Germany and came to the United States after the birth of their two children. This was in 1834. They landed in Baltimore, Maryland, after a seven weeks' voyage and afterward settled near Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. Seven years later they came to Illinois, and settled on a farm in Cass county, township 17, range 11, and here they lived and died, the father aged seventy-seven, and the mother eighty-two. They were good, hard-working people, mem- bers of the Catholic Church. Mrs. Muhlert is the eldest of a family of which seven are still living. Mr. and Mrs. Muhlert purchased a good farm after their marriage in section 4, town- ship 17, range 11, and there Mr. Muhlert spent the remainder of his life. He was a well respected and favorably known citizen. His widow now lives on and owns a fine prop- erty of sixty acres of land, all highly im- proved. She is a noble, good, kind woman and has many friends here. She attends the German Lutheran Church, as did her hus- band. She is the mother of eleven children, one having died young. The living children are: Sophia, wife of Jacob Heinen, now farmers in Kansas; William, living with his mother on the home place; Amelia, wife of William Meyer, farmer in this county; Ed- ward is a farmer in Kansas and he married Matilda Heinen; Henry is a carpenter and lives with his mother; Herman is a farmer in Kansas and lives with his sister; Lena is the wife of John Parish, a railroad engineer at Jacksonville, Illinois; Charles, Frank and Ernest are at home. fOHN^ WEBB, who was for many years prominently identified with the manu- facturing interests of Beardstown, Illi- nois, is now a resident of Bainbridge town- ship, Schuyler county. He was born in Lancashire, England, December 9, 1813, a son of Samuel Webb, who was a native of the same shire; the paternal grandfather, John Webb, was a manufacturer of cotton goods, and operated in Lancashire, where he spent his entire life. Samuel Webb learned the trade in his father's factory, and became a skilled workman. In 1817 he determined to come to America, and, as it was at that time time against the law for expert mechanics to leave Great Britain, he sailed under an as- sumed name. He located in Baltimore, and there secured a situation as foreman in a cotton factory three miles from the city; after a few years he took the same position in another mill, where he continued until 1827. He then went to Mercer county, Pennsyl- vania, and leased a mill, engaging in the manufacture of cloth. He afterward returned to Baltimore, and in 1842 he came to Illi- nois; he was foreman of a woolen factory at Petersburg, Menard county, several years, and then purchased a farm near Mason City, on which he resided until death. He mar- ried Ellen Fletcher, a native of Manchester, England and a daughter of James Fletcher, a soldier in the British army and a participant in the battle of Waterloo: she died at Peters- burg about 1848. The family consisted of ten children: Mary, Ellen, Olive, Sarah, John, James, Samuel, Nathaniel, Thomas SCEUTLBB AND BROWN COUNTIES. 587 and "William. John "Webb was a child of live years when he was brought to America; he attended school in Baltimore, and when he had finished his studies began to learn the machinist's trade; he served an apprentice- ship of three years, and at the end of that time took charge of a shop for his employer; he held this position three years, and then entered the service of the Baltimore & Ohio Kailroad at Mt. Clare; after a year he went to work in a marine foundry in Baltimore; twelvemonths later he entered the employ of the Savage Manufacturing Company, and remained with this firm until 1817. In that year he came to Illinois, via stage to Pittsburg, and thence by the Ohio, Missis- sippi and Illinois rivers. He was in poor health, and did not at once engage in business. September 12, of the same year, he started back to Baltimore with a horse and carriage making the entire journey overland, and ar- riving at his destination October 22. De- cember 2, he started on the return trip, ac- companied by his family; this journey was also made with a horse and carriage. Mr. Webb remained in Springfield until 1839, and in the fall of that year went to Petersburg, where he had purchased a flour mill; in 1844 he went to Cass county, and there built the first circular-saw mill west of the Alleghany mountains; this he operated until 1848, and then went to Beardstown where he opened a machine shop and foundry. December 5, 1856. the buildings and entire plant were destroyed by fire, and the follow- ing year he rebuilt, and continued there until 1866, when he sold out. Later he built a carriage-shop which he operated a number of years. For the past nineteen years he has been interested in agriculture; he owns 500 acres of land, and is one of the directors of the First State Bank of Beardstown. He was married in the city of Baltimore in 1834 to Miss Eliza Callaley, a native of "V"ir- ginia; she died November 20, 1888. His second marriage was in November, 1890, when he was united to Maria Serrat, a native of Scioto county, Ohio, and a daughter of Peter and Mary Serrat. Five children were born of this union: John, Joseph, Samuel, William and Mary; the children are all mar- ried, and there are twenty-eight grand-chil- dren iu the family. HOMAS GAFEN, a retired farmer of ^||W Rushville township, Schuyler county, is the subject of the following bio- graphical sketch. He was born in Clearfield county, Pennsylvania, May 3, 1838, a son of Zachariah T. Gapen, also a native of the Key- stone State. The paternal grandfather, John Gapen, was descended from English ancestors; he was a farmer by occupation, and owned land in Greene county, Pennsylvania, on which he lived the last years of his life. His son, Zachariah T., was reared and married in Pennsylvania; there he resided until 1841, when he removed to Illinois; the journey was begun March 19; he floated down the Mo- nongahela to Pittsburg, and there took a boat, going via the Ohio, Mississippi and Illinois rivers to a point in Schuyler county then known as Erie; by team he came to Rushville township. His means were very small, and he was obliged to rent the lands he cultivated; later he purchased the tract on which he had expended so much labor, and lived there until his death in 1846. His wife's maiden name was Margaret McGee; she was born in Pennsylvania and died in Rushville township, Schuyler county, Illinois, in 1851; they reared a family of eleven chil- 588 BIOGRAPHIOAL REVIEW OF OASS, dren. Thomas Gapen was a child of eight years when his parents came to Illinois. He has since witnessed many changes in the coniitry, wrought by the march of progress He remained under the parental roof until bereft of both father and mother. He then purchased the old homestead, and now has 320 acres, 130 acres being in an advanced state of cultivation. He now rents the land and lives a quiet life at Rushville. Mr. Gapen was married, in 1872, to Isabelle Williamson, a daughter of L. S. and Margaret Williamson ; she was born in Peoria county, Illinois. Three children have been born to them, two of whom died in infancy: Maggie is the name of the surviving child. Mr. Gapen is a man of high and honorable principles, and has the respect of the entire com^munity. fILLIAM T. EMMERSON of Beards- town was born in Morgan county, l^ovember 27, 1840. His father was Richard Eramerson of Yorkshire, England, who was the son of Thomas Emmerson. The latter came to the United States and settled on a large tract of Government land in Mor- gan county, Illinois, amounting to over a thousand acres, near St. Clair station, and went back to England, and returned four years later with his wife and children, and finally they became the most prominent peo- ple in Morgan county. Of their four chil- dren, Richard was the eldest, and was mar- ried, as was also one of his sisters, before leaving England. A nephew of his now lives on the old homestead in Morgan county. Richard Emmerson, after he came to the United States, became a farmer of Morgan county. He came to Beardstown in 1850, and died here the following December, at the age of forty. His wife survived him many years and died at the home of her son, in 1869. She and her husband were Meth- odists, and she was born, reared and married at Scarborough, England. Hermaiden name was Elizabeth Musham. She was a mother of a family, of whom five are still living. William Emmerson was reared in this county and has never married. He was only nine years old when his parents came to Cass county, and has always lived here, eicept from 1862 to 1864, when he served as a sol- dier in the quartermaster's department, at Roila, Missouri, and at Helena, Arkansas. After two years' service he was honorably dis- charged, and returned to Cass county, where he has since lived, and made most of his fortune by his own efforts. He lives near the city precinct. He owns a well improved farm adjoining the city limits. Here he has lived since 1867. He also owns and has a controlling interest in 600 acres in other parts of the county, all well improved. He is a Democrat in politics and a public- spirited citizen. His brothers and sisters are as follows: Mary Thornley, lives in Morgan county; Ann Harris is the wife of the pres- ident of the First National Bank of Beards- town; Edward lives with his brother, and Emma Harris lives in this county. AYID W. ORR was born in Sumner county, • Tennessee, March 17, 1826. His father was Greenberry Orr, widely known as " Berry Orr ", who came to Illinois in the fall of 1828. He stopped two years in Morgan county, and then moved to Mount Sterling township, near the village, which was then in Schuyler county. He made some improvements on 160 acres of GavernT SCHUYLER AND BROWN C0UNTIM8. 589 inent land, which he sold, and one year later moved to what is now section 34, Pea Kidge township. They had twelve children, born in Tennessee, and left two behind and buried one on the way. Their journey was made in one of tlie old-style prairie schooners, drawn by three horses, and were six weeks on the way. They arrived in Morgan county, November, 1S30, and at Pea Ridge the night of the great snow storm. Tlieir new log house had not been well chinked, and he was obliged to take up the puncheon floor to get dirt to make mud for the walls, in order to keep out the fearful storm. They reached here with very little means, but he was fortunate in getting work in wood hauling, and when his farm came into the market he was able to obtain his deed for 160 acres. It was part prairie and part timber. He built a house here, where he died, February, 1850, aged sixty- five. He left his widow with eleven children. She had been Mary Brown of Tennessee. His children all had to work hard in life, and had but very little schooling. One of their employments was to beat the hominy mortar, which Mr. Orr obtained by trading a shot gun. The nearest doctor was at Jacksonville, and they were obliged to go there over the paths that the Indians had trod. David remained at home until after his father's death, and August 1, 1850, he was married to his first wife, Mary Jane Pells, who died a year and a half later. April 6, 1854, he was married to his present wife. Patience H. Osborn, daughter of Lewis and Amelia (Corwin) Osborn, of Ohio, where she was born, reared and educated. She was a teacher there and in Illinois before her mar- riage. Her father was a Baptist minister, and he died in Hancock county, while on a visit, in his eighty- fifth year. His wife died in 1875, aged seventy-one, leaving four chil- 89 dren, Mrs. Orr being the only one now liv- ing. She is a niece of Tom Corwin, of Ohio, and ie a relative of the faiiiily of General Halleck. Mr. Osborn owned the farm on which his daughter, Mrs. Orr, lives, for fifty years. He had no regular charge for some ten years prior to his death, but preached occasionally. Mr. Orr left the old homestead of his parents in 1858, and moved to Hancock county. He has lived in Kansas and Mis- souri, and came back to Illinois and settled on his present farm of 112 acres, in 1874. This has forty acres of timber. He has been doing general farming. Mr. and Mrs. Orr have four children: John M., riow a resident of ATithony, Kansas; Mary H^illeck, at home; and Lewis H., residing in Mount Sterling. Mr. and Mrs. Orr had reared this son to farm life, and hoped to have him with them on the farm during their declining years, but he preferred the life of a mechanic; hence of late years they rent out their land. He has made much money out of corn and hogs, and also breeds some horses. He has a stallion of Leviathan stock, which is turning out well. He has served the town as Road Commis- sioner, and both he and and his wife are Mis- sionary Baptists. ^RA BELL, a prominent citizen of section M 28, Missouri township. Brown county, W was born in this township, October 27, 1830. His grandfather, Robert Bell, was a native of Virginia, and married Jane Ander- han. These two reared a family of nine children, namely: James, Richard, Emily, Ira, John, Patsey, Sarah, Catherine, Rebecca, and they all came to Illinois, settling in Brown county, after a residence of a short period in Morgan county. The aged grand- 590 BIOGBAPHIOAL REVIEW OF CASS, father of our subject died in Brown county, surrounded hy his children. The father of our subject was born in the State of Vir- ginia, February 5, 1800, and was married in Morgan county, Illinois, to Elizabeth Mul- len, coming to Brown county after marriage where he settled, and entering land in Missouri township. This he improved and finally be- came the owner of a farm of 200 acres of very fine land. He died February 13, 1882. His wife died in 1836, having been the mother of six children, namely: Mary Jane, wife of Moses Coffraan, of Quincy, Illinois; Robert, of Missouri township; Ira, our subject; James died at Nashville, Tennessee, was a member of the Eighty-fourth Illinois Volun- teer Infantry; Lizzie, wife of John Carter, of Kansas; John W., died in childhood. Ira was reared in Missouri township, where he helped on the home farm until he was married, when he settled on forty acres given him by his father and erected a dwell- ing on it. Soon he added another forty and then renaoved to his present residence, where he has eighty acres of land. The land was but little improved when he took charge of it and it owes its present state of cultivation to his efforts. Mr. Bell was married to Emiline Bates, daughter of William and Elizabeth Bates. Mrs. Bell is a native of Winchester, Scott county, Illinois, born January 1, 1887. Her father was born in Kentucky, near Lexing- ton, and was a son of Thomas Bates. He was reared to farm life in his native State, but migrated to Indiana, where he married Elizabeth Carr, a native of that State, born in 1818. They came to IlUinois in 1835, re- siding in Scott county until 1839, when they came to Brown county, where the father died. His wife still survives him, however, and is a very interesting lady. She and her husband had five children: Emiline, Math- ew T., Francis M., Mary A. and Sarah Jane. Mr. and Mrs. Bell have five children: Mary E., wife of Peyton R. Keith; John W., of Missouri township; George D., of same township; James A., at home: and Charles Bertie, also at home. In politics Mr. Bell supports the principles of the Democratic party, but his time is so fully occupied that he has not been willing to accept any of the public ofiices, except that of School Director, which oifice was thrust upon him. He is a consistent mem- ber of the Christian Church and he and his intelligent wife are influential members of society in Missouri township. RS. MARY (PETERS) JACKSON was born in Alleghany county, Vir- ginia, February 18, 1820, a daugh- ter of John Peters. The father was also a Virginian, and was reared and married in his native State; he purchased land, owned sl'aves, and was in very good circumstances at one time; he endorsed notes for other parties, which he had to pay, and as the sums were heavy his property was swept away. He re- sided ia Virginia until 1825, and then emi- grated to Missouri, where he spent the re- mainder of his days. His wife's maiden name was Catherine Lane, a native of Virginia; she came from Missouri to Illinois, and here passed the last years of her life with her children in Schuyler county. Mrs. Jackson was a young child when her parents removed to Missouri, and at the age of eight years she came to Illinois with her sister and brother- in-law, Allen Persinger. The country was then sparsely settled, deer and wild turkeys SGHUTLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 591 were plentiful, and the privations of the pio- neer were many. Mrs. Jackson lived with her sister until her marriage, September 3, 1835, when she was united to Jeremiah Jack- son. Mr. Jackson was born in North Carolina, November 27, 1807, a son of James and Mary Jackson. He emigrated to Illinois about the year 1826, and was one of the pioneers of Schuyler county. Two years after his mar- riage he purchased the farm now occupied by his widow, and engaged in agricultural pur- suits, which he followed until his death in June, 1883. Mrs. Jackson has reared a family of nine children: Martha J. Chitwood, died in Ne- braska; Harriet Riley is a resident of Mis- souri; Andrew J. served iu the late war in the One Hundred and Fifteenth Illinois Vol- unteer Infantry, and died before the war was ended; John was a member of the same regi- ment, and now resides in Kansas; Jesse, en- listed twice in the late war, and is now a citi- zen of the State of Washington; Calvin and Garrett live in Nebraska; Emrita Kokenours and Mary McCormick are residents of Schuy- ler county. Mrs. Jackson belongs to the Methodist Episcopal Church, of which her husband was also a consistent member. Po- litically he affiliated with the Democratic party. ^ ^ [R. W. G. UNLAISJD, que of the suc- cessful physicians and surgeons of Beardstown, was born and chiefly reared in Cass county, Illinois. His people are pio- neers of the county. He came of good, re- spectable German stock, his parents being born in Hanover. His father, Rev. Casper H. Unland, had grown up there and for some time associated in ministerial way with the old German Reformed Church. After com- ing to this country and settling in Cass county, Mr. Unland connected himself with the Methodist Episcopal Church and was as- sociated with the local work as a Methodist minister. He was so engaged at the time of his death, March 8, 1889, when nearly eighty- two years of age. With the money he had brought with him he bought and improved land, erecting houses and a gristmill, which was one of the first in the county for making flour. He was a good and worthy citizen, a prominent man. At first a Whig, but in later years a stanch Republican. His wife who survived him died September 25, 1891, and was eighty years of age on the day of her burial. Her maiden name was Maria Carlas. She was a worthy woman and a good neigh- bor. The parents of Dr. Unland, recognising in their son a bright mind and a liking for books, afforded him opportunities for im- provement by sending him to the best schools in Quincy, Illinois. After this he completed his classical education at the Weslpyan col- lege at Warrento'n, Missouri. The Doctop practices upon a b?;oad and liberal scale, fol- lowing no particular school. He is a graduate of twq different schools: Hahnemann Medi- cal College of Chicago, in the class of 1871 (later he spent one year at Quincy, Illinois); after that he went to Berlin, Germany, and graduated there again in medicine, and re- turned, remained in Quincy for a time, going thence to Lincoln, Nebraska, later to Fre- mont, and afterward to Pekin, Illinois, spend- ing some time in each place. Since 1881 he has practiced in Beardstown. His genial nature and cheerful manner have made him very popular in his chosen profession. His experience and thorough education in all 592 BIOOBAPRIGAL REVIEW OF 0AJ3S, branches of medicine have made him very popular and his practice is a very large and paying one. The Doctor was married here to Miss Emily Minton, of Ohio, who lived in Schuy- ler county for six years after coming to Illi- nois. Her parents died in Caldwell, Kansas, some years ago. They have a bright little daughter of eight years of age, named Ethel. They are members of the Methodist Episco- pal Church. ->fe= [AMUEL MILLER, an intelligent farm- er and prominent veteran of the late war, residing in Ashland, Illinois, is a native of Tazewell county, this State, where he was born July 6, 1837. His parents were Joseph and Sarah (Kem- per) Miller, the former a native of Philadel- phia, Pennsylvania, while the latter was born in Kentucky, in which latter State they were married, and whence they removed in an early day to Tazewell county, Illinois. Eight children were born to this union, four sons and four daughters, only three children now surviving. The deceased are, Christiana, Eliza, Harriet, Diana, Thomas and William, of whom Harriet and Diana died in childhood and the other two daughters in mature life, being married and leaving families; William also died in mature age, leaving a wife and child. Thomas, Joseph and the subject of this sketch comprise the surviving members of this once large famil}'. Thomas, who served two years in the army, is now married, and is a farmer in Harper county, Kansas; Joseph is a prosperous farmer, and resides in Delavan, Tazewell county; he is also married, and both have families. The father of this family died in 1843, widely mourned by the pioneers of his county. He left a large fam- ily to the care of his faithful wife, who ably performed her duty by them, finally going to her reward in 1863, while the subject of this notice was absent in the war. Mr. Miller received a common-school edu- cation in Tazewell county, and was reared to farm life. ITovember 8, 1858, he married Miss JNancy Nash, an intelligent lady, who was also a native of Tazewell county. She was a daughter of Andrew and Lucinda Van- cil, prominent pioneers of that county, and was one of seven children, three of whom are now living. Andrew J., the oldest, died in childhood; Mrs, Miller is the second; Cath- arine died aged two years; George served in the Twenty-sixth Illinois Infantry, is mar ried, and is a farmer in Harper county, Kan- sas; William Graham, a half-brother, was also a soldier in the late war, and resides in Tazewell county, ; Sarah and John A. died in youth. Mr. Miller enlisted in Company C, Elev- enth Illinois Cavalry, at Peoria, this State, in November, 1861, serving in the regiment commanded by the noted Colonel R. G. In- gersoll. He was sworn into the United States service December 20, 1861, remaining at Camp Lyon until February 22, 1862, when he accompanied his regiment to Benton Bar- racks, St. Louis, Missouri, where they were armed and mounted. Thence they proceeded to Shiloh, to take part in that sanguinary en- gagement, under the command of General Lew Wallace. After two days at that point, they moved forward to Corinth, participating at the siege of that city. They remained there until the fall of 1862, when they were attacked by Yan Dorn and Price, who sought to recapture Corinth, but the enemy were re- pulsed with heavy loss of killed, wounded and prisoners. The regiment next went to SCHUTLEB AND BROWN COUNTIES. 593 Rienzi, Mississippi, where they liad a severe battle, capturing the place and returning to Corinth. They afterward went to Lagrange, Tennessee, under the command of General Grant, and were cut off at Holly Springs, be- ing obliged to return; whereupon they took boats and went to Vicksburg, participating in the siege of that city. They captured Tazoo City and went in camp between Jack- son and Vicksburg, on the Black river. While lying there, the regiment and two sec- tions of artillery were ordered on a forced march to Lexington, Tennessee, where a por- tion of the regiment, including Colonel In- gersoll, were taken prisoners by General For- rest's men, and were paroled on the field. At Parker's cross-roads they had a fight, in which the Union forces defeated the enemy, and pursued them into Tennesseee. Mr. Miller's regiment was with General Sherman in his march to Meridian, Mississippi, in Feb- ruary, 1864. Their time having expired, nearly all re-enlisted, and were mustered in at Vicksburg, December 20, 1863. They then returned to Illinois on a veteran fur- lough, at the expiration of which they went back to Vicksburg, where they spent the spring and summer in scouting and watching guerillas and bushwhackers. It was while here that Mr. Miller received a severe injury, by his horse falling on him, for which he now receives a pension. He was mustered out of the service, September 30, 1865. and was paid off and discharged at Springfield, October 20, 1865. He then hastened to return to his family in Tazewell county, Illinois, where he missed one kindly face and heart-felt welcome, bis mother having died during his absence. He gradually assumed his former daily routine of duties, and notwithstanding loss of dear ones, many hardships endured and misfor- tunes sustained, the sense of having fulfilled his duty, as he realized it, gave him renewed energy for the prosecution of life's tasks. He and his worthy wife are the parents of six children, all of whom are now married and at the head of families. Thomas is a farmer near Delavan, Illinois; Alpheus lives in Ashland; Clara, now Mrs. Thompson, lives in Virginia, this State; Ida, married Ralph Nixon, a superintendent of coal mines, and resides in Wesley City,, near Peoria, this State; Martha, now Mrs. Smith, lives at her parents' home; Delia married Mr. Perrin, and resides in Virginia, Illinois; Mr. Miller is a stanch Republican in pol- itics, and is a prominent member of Down- ing Post, No. 321, Virginia, Illinois. His worthy wife is an earnest and useful member of the Baptist Church, to the support of whicli they both contribute. An honest and industrious citizen, a brave and efficient soldier, and devoted husband and father, he deserves the high esteem in which he is universally held. ANIEL LYONS, M. D., an eminent physician and surgeon, of Ashland, Illi- nois, was born in La Salle, of the same State, June 16, 1848. His parents were Daniel and Mary (Morris) Lyons, both natives of Ireland, who came to America in 1832, soon after their marriage. His father was a railroad contractor, which business he fol- lowed during his life in this country. The first death which the family was called upon to mourn was that of the devoted wife and mother, who expired in Arkansas, in 1861, greatly lamented by her associates and friends. The father survived his faithful companion fifteen years, dying in Brierfield, Alabama, in 1876. C94 BIOOBAPHIOAL BEVIEW OF GASS, He was a man of the highest integrity, ex- tremely kind-hearted and benevolent, and was very popular among his acquaintances. This worthy couple had six children: Lawrence, Michael, Daniel, David, Mary and Katie. All but two of these are now deceased, the subject of this sketch and a brother David, who is engaged in mining at Crystal, Colo- rado. Dn Lyons received his elementary educa- tion in the public schools of La Salle county, where his boyhood and early manhood were spent. After attaining his majority, he was engaged for about seven years in civil engin- eering. During the Kebellion, he was for three years in the Quartermaster's Depart- ment, in St. Louis. In 1878, he commenced the study of Eclectic medicine, in the Amer- ican Medical College, St. Louis, taking four courses, and continuing his studies until 1883. While pursuing his studies, he spent most of his time in the city hospitals of St. Louis, gaining practical experience in his chosen work. In 1883, on graduating in St. Louis, he came to Ashland, where he commenced the practice of his profession. He has stead- ily grown in favor until he now does a large and lucrative business, being universally re- garded as thoroughly skilled in his profes- sion, conscientious and careful. He was married in St. Louis, in 1869, to Miss Johanna Connelly, an estimable lady, and a native of Canada. Her parents were James and Catharine Connelly, and she was one of seven children, three sons and four daughters. Dr. and Mrs. Lyons have two children : Deloraine J., now twenty two years of age, is unmarried, and is a telegraph op- erator in Colorado; Gertrude, now thirteen years old, is at home and in school. The Doctor is Democratic in his political affiliations, on which ticket he was elected to the position of Coroner of Cass county, serving in that capacity with acknowledged ability. Socially, he is a member of the M. W. of A., and is prominently associated with the Masonic order, which latter society he joined in St. Louis. These are a few of the most important facts of a busy and useful life, which has been spent in the amelioration of human suffer- ing, and in promoting the happiness and welfare of his fellow beings. j^^lf ILLIAM FltEESEJSr, now deceased, II having died near Oxville, Scott county, Illinois, in 1884. He was fifty-four years of age, being born in the Rhine province, Prussia, Germany, near the river Rhine, in November 1829. He came of German parents, who lived and died in Germany. He was the only member of his family to come to this country, which he did when he was ttventy-three years of age, set- ting out from Antwerp, in 1852, for the United States in a sailing vessel. He landed in New Orleans after a seven weeks' voyage. He came to Beardstown, and after the iirst year became a farmer, purchasing land in Cass county, where he became a successful farmer. He owned 200 acres of good land in Cass county, and 240 acres in Scott, at the time of his death. His widow still owns the Cass county farm. Mr. Freesen was a good, worthy citizen, a member of the Lutheran Church, and a stanch Democrat. He was married after the first year in this county, in Beardstown township, to Eliza- beth Stauttler, who proved herself a most devoted wife, and a woman in every way worthy of the good husband she had. She 8GHUYLER AND BHOWN COUNTIES. 595 now enjoys the property she helped her hus- band accumulate. She was born in the same place as her husband March 9, 1838, and was reared and educated by her German parents, William and Margaret (Speaker) Stauttler. The former died in Gerraauy, when a young man, and his daughter, Mrs. Freesen, was only eighteen years old. Her mother is yet living in Beardstown, and is eighty years old, and is now the wife of F. W. Friday, and botli old people have been prominent members all their lives, of the Lutheran Church. Mrs. Freesen came to America with her mother and stepfather, on the same vessel as Mr. Freesen. She is the mother of twelve children, four of whom are deceased: Marga^ ret. Bell, Anna and Hannah, all died young. The living ones are; William, now a farmer in Scott county, married to Matilda Baully; George Garrett, a farmer in Scott county; Fred, a resident of St. Louis; Katie, at home, and she and her sister Maggie, also at home, dressmakers; Henry is at home, as are also Lewis and Edward. Mrs. Freesen and all the children are members of the Lutheran Church. IHEOPHILUS C. LAUJSER, a large and prosperous farmer, lives on sec- tions 6 and 7, township 17, range 11, where he owns 270 acres of well-improved land, with good farm buildings. He also owns 320 acres, almost all well improved. Besides this he owns a fine lot of timber land amount- ing to 182 acres, and eighty acres draining land in section 20. He came to the county a poor young man, but has since accumulated much valuable property. He has always lived in Cass county, except a year in Morgan county. He began here as a farmer on his own account, first purchasing forty acres, which he sold and with the proceeds bought 120 acres-, and later sold that and increased his sales until he now owns a line property, all earned by his own efforts. He was born in Buffalo, New York, Janu- ary 30, 1838, and was yet a very young child wlien his parents removed to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Two years later they came to Cass county, which be has since made his home, and v^here he has been a prominent farmer. His father, Kev. Frederic G. Launer, was a native of Berne, Switzerland, born February 18, 1793. He was very highly educated, receiving instruction in his native country and other places, including London. He was educated as a Lutheran minister, and became master of five languages, being a man of quick perception and powerful intellect. He came to America in 1832, and first held a professorship in a college in Buffalo, New York, and later at Philadelphia, also preach- ing in both places. He afterward came to Beardstown and built up the first Lutheran Church of the place, and was also at Havana and Pekin, Illinois. He was widely and well known throughout the State as a preacher, and had a great deal of influence in that capacity. He was the pioneer minister in this part of the State, and did a great deal of good. He died in Beardstown, September 28, 1867. He was then seventy-four years, six months and ten days old. He worked hard all his life for his church, and made a host of friends. He was a missionary in this State, after filling that position in Africa for three years. His wife, Lydia, was born No- vember 23, 1811, and died several years after him, in Beardstown, January 1, 1873. She was then over sixty years of age, being born in Canton Peal, Switzerland, where she lived 596 BIOGBAPHIOAL REVIEW OF CASS, until her marriage. She was a devoted wife and mother, and a good Christian woman. She was a daughter of General Marthe, and a grandchild of General David Marthe, Com- mander-in-Chief of the army of Napoleon the Great, during the time that general was frozen out of Russia, near Moscow. Of seven children three are now deceased. Charles served five years in the Union army; Peter was a brave and efficient soldier in the Mexi- can war; Theodore is now living in Morgan county, this State; and Mary resides in Beardstown. Our subject was married in this county, March 10, 1863, to Josephine AVinhold, born near Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, September 12, 1838, coming to Cass county with her parents. Mr. and Mrs. Launer are members of the Lutheran Church, and are prominent, good people. Mr. Launer has held almost all the local offices. He is a Kepublican in politics, as are his sons. They are the parents of six children: Bertha, wife of Prof. John Hage- ner, a teacher of the county; Ida, wife of John Kloker, farmer of this county; Rose, Cora, Richard and Robert are all at home, and all the children are intelligent, well edu- cated, a credit to the family, society and the State. SERDINAND WINHOLD, a very pros- perous German farmer, living on section 8 of township 18, range 11, was born in Pennsylvania, near Pittsburg, in 1839. He is the son of William Winhold, born in Hesse- Darmstadt, of Hessian parents, who, after all their children were born and a good part of them married, including the son, William, came to the United States in 1833. They set sail from Bremen, Hanover, and after a voyage of fifty-seven days landed in Baltimore, Maryland, later settling in Pennsylvania, near Pittsburg, where the father of William died, an old man. Later, William, who was the only child who came with his parents to America, came with his mother and own family to Illinois, settling in 1840 on a new farm in township 18, range 11. Here the mother of William spent her last years and died when an old woman. William began to make a home for his wife and children. He first bought forty acres, and added to it from time to time, improving it all the while until it was one of the finest farms in the county. He died in 1886, when nearly seventy-eight years old. He was a good citizen, a success- ful farmer and a stanch Republican. He held to no church, although his parents were Catholics. His wife is now deceased, dying on the old farm in 1887, when quite an old woman. She was born, reared and married in Hesse-Darmstadt, Germany, coming of good old stock. She was the good mother of seven children, five of whom are married and all are living in Cass county. Ferdinand is the fifth child of the family and was reared in this county, being but eighteen months old when brought to Illinois by his parents in 1840. He now owns 230 acres of land, all well improved, which he has owned for some years, having begun farming for himself when twenty-three. He had but few opportunities for education, but made the most of what he had, and has made up for lack of education in common sense and in- telligence. He was married in this county to Bertha Philippi, born near where she now lives in 1847. She was reared and educated in this county, and is one of a large family. (For history of same see biography of parents.) Mr. and Mrs. Winhold are prominent people SCHUYLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 597 of their county. Mr. Winhold is a Kepubli- can, and has held local offices. He and his wife are the parents of nine children, all yet at home: Eudolph F., Julius P., William P., Lena B., Charles H., Eugene S., Paul P., Bodo H. and Hugo Y. Mr. and Mrs Win- hold deserve their present prosperity, as thej have been hard workers all their lives. tEWIS ZIMMER, Jb., a practical general farmer, of section '21, township 18, range 11, was born on his present farm March 19, 1861. He has since lived on the farm and was educated in Bluff Springs precinct. He lived with his parents until after he be- came of age, and since that time he has had control of the home farm, which he has run successfully. He is the son of Lewis Zim- mer, a native of Prussia, Germany, and came of German ancestry. He was reared a farmer and while yet a young man he came all alone to America and settled in Cass county. This was in the '40s. He later began to buy land and finally accumulated the large and sub- stantial farm he now owns. Here Mr. Zim- mer, Sr., and his wife lived until some six years ago, when they retired to Beardstown, and are spending their last days quietly, leaving the farm in the charge of Lewis. Mr. Zimmer, Sr., married his wife in this county, her name being Catharine Keil, a native of Germany, who came to America when young. She has proven herself a good wife and mother. Mr. and Mrs. Zimmer are members of the German Lutheran Church of Beardstown. Mr. Zimmer is a Democrat. Our subject is the second child and only son, his only sister being Maggie, wife of Theo. Krohe, an agricultural dealer in Beards- town. The farm consists of 200 acres, 100 of which he owns himself. It is in fine con- dition. Lewis was married in this county, to Ma- tilda Krohe, born in this county, February 1, 1862, and was reared and educated in her native county. She is the daughter of Au- gust and Mary Krohe, who now live in Beards- town and are retired farmers, owning a large improved farm in township 18, range 11. Mr. and Mrs. Krohe are both natives of Ger- many, but have lived in Cass county since their marriage. They are Lutherans. Mr. and Mrs. Zimmer are members of the Lu- theran Church, and Mr. Zimmer is a Demo- crat. They have three children: Calvin L. P., Clara M. C. and Theodore E. Both Mr. Zimmer and his wife are highly respected, and have hosts of friends in the county, where they are well known as honest, hard-working people. ^ON. JESSE DAKNELL, deceased, a resident of Rushville township, and one I of the oldest settlers of the county, is worthy of representation in this history. He was born eight miles from Wooster, Wayne county, Ohio, October 4, 1811, a son of Henry Darnell, a native of West Virginia. The father was a volunteer in the Colonial army, participated in the battle of Yorktown, and was present at the surrender of Lord Corn- wallis. About the year 1800, with his own and nine other families, he emigrated to the Northwest Territory, being among the earliest settlers of Ohio. He first located in the Scioto valley, but as it was sickly there, he went to Wayne county; here he secured a tract of land which was part timber and part prairie. For several years there were no other settlers in that section. Indians were 598 BIOGBAPEIOAL REVIEW OF GASS, numerous and often hostile. The colony built a block-house with a stockade around it, and it was within these walls that our subject was born. The father improved a fine farm there, on which he resided until his death in 1847. His wife's maiden name was Eliza- beth Lee, also a native of Virginia; she died in 1818. Jesse Darnell, whose name heads this notice, was reared in his native State, where his educational opportunities were limited to the subscription schools, which were taught in private houses. There were no railroads or canals: consequently no market towns. The people lived upon the products of their own land and wild game, which was plenti- ful. The mother carded, spun and wove all the cloth used by the family. At the age of fifteen years our subject went from the home which had sheltered his childhood, out into the world to begin life for himself. He remained in Ohio until 1833, and then came to Illinois via the Ohio and Mississippi rivers, landing at Oquawka, where he remained about a year, after which he came to Schuyler county. There were few settlers in the county, and agriculture was carried on in a most primitive fashion. He settled at Frederick and engaged quite ex- tensively in the manufacture of fanning- mills, which he continued for seven or eight years, and then turned his attention to farm- ing. He lived in Frederick township until 1886, at which time he removed to a farm he had purchased several years before; this is a tract of 160 acres, the greater portion of which is well improved; he also owned another farm of 200 acres in Frederick town- ship. Mr. Darnell was married in April, 1841, to Louisa Utter, a native of Illinois and a daughter of Lyman and Martha Utter, natives of the State of New York and pioneers of Schuyler connty, and located on a farm east of Pleasant View. His wife died in 1847, but he never married again. Two sons and one daughter survive him: John Monroe, James K. Polk and Mrs. H. A. Nelson, the latter living in Santa Barbara county, California. His son James is a resident of Breckinridge, Colorado, having located in that State twenty- two years ago. Mr. Darnell was a sincere Democrat, and had been from early youth. The principles laid down by Jefferson were thoroughly in- stilled into his very being, and he was always found allied with the cause he believed to be right. In 1848 he represented this county in the Legislature, and for eight years he was Supervisor from Frederick township, filling the position of chairman of the board for several years. He was a prominent member of Rushville Lodge, No. 9, A. F. & A. M., to which he had belonged for nearly half a century. He was a man of sterling integrity, esteemed and respected by all who knew him. lEORGE H. WIEK of Birmingham township, was born here September 16, 1841. He is the son of Samuel and Sarah (Clampet) Wier. Mr. Samuel Wier is a native of North Carolina, a farmer, and came to Illinois in the fall of 1885 and set- tled where the subject now lives, and bought eighty acres and later purchased more, leav- ing 160 acres at his death. He made the trip with his wife and child, with one horse and wagon. He first built a log house 16 X 18 feet and remained in it until his present house was built in 1869. In politics he was an old-line "Whig and was a minister of the SOHUTLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 599 Methodist Episcopal Church. He continued preaching occasionally until his death in 1865. His wife was born in North Carolina and died where our subject now lives, in middle life. George Wier remained home until his marriage, when he rented part of his father's farm and after the latter's death he bought the land and now owns 365 acres. He is a thoroughly self-made man, politically a Ke- publican and a highly valued church member for eighteen years. He was married for the first time in 1863, to Martha Wells, who died a year later, leav- ing one child which also died. In 1870 he was again married, to Mary McPherson. She was a native of Morgan county, Illinois, born in 1847, daughter of Benjamin F. and Harriet (Thompson) McPherson. Her fa- ther is still living, but her mother died here, aged forty-five. They were pioneers of Illinois. Mr. Wier has five children, namely; Har- riet L., William A., Edwin R., Samuel B., and Harrison R. [EORGE W. EKWIJSf, one of the most prominent farmers of Littleton town- ship, Schuyler county, Illinois, was born in Constable, Franklin county, Ohio, December 1, 1818. His parents were Cor- nelius M. and Lucinda (Furman) Erwin. His father was born in Rutland county, Vermont, and died in Ohio, aged fifty years. (See sketch of L. D. Erwin.) Our subject was reared and educated in Ohio, living at home until his father's death, when in June, 1838, he came to Illinois, where he walked all through the lead mines, looking for work, and ^ finally located in Rushville, working by the month on a farm. He continued in this capacity until the year 1847, when he enlisted in Captain Dnnlap's company and served for a year and a half in the Mexican war. , A.t the end of this time, he returned to Rushville, and soon after married Agnes Corrie, on New Year's Day, 1851. She was born in Orange county, Illinois, and was a daughter of John Corrie, a substantial farmer of the State. After his marriage, our subject bought a farm of 160 acres of partly im- proved land, on which he built in 1855, the home in which he still resides, which is a substantial pile, suggestive of comfort and convenience. He has added large barns and other buildings for his grain and stock, and has his land under a high state of cultiva- tion, being devoted to mixed farming. His former farm is worked by his son-in-law, Mr. Bosworth, a highly esteemed young man and intelligent farmer. Mr. and Mrs. Erwin have had ten children, four of whom are now living, viz.: Ellen A., wife of Richard R. Bosworth, has five chil- dren, three boys and two girls; Cornelius M., married Sara B. Taylor, and they have four children; Frank C. married Mary Cor- dell; William S. lives in Montana. He has had his children carefully educated in the schools of the vicinity, and all are intelligent members of the communities in which they live. Mr. Erwin had the misfortune to lose his wife, after thirty-four years of happy wedded life. She died May 10, 1885, aged fifty-five years, mourned by her family and a large circle of friends. She was a lady of intelligence and many charms of person and character, a faithful wife and fond mother, and sympathetic friend. 600 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OF OASS, Our subject is a member of the Demo- cratic party, having cast his iirst vote for Martin Van Buren, since when he has voted the straight Democratic ticket. His constitu- ents have honored him by an election to the office of collector of the township, in which capacity he was the first to serve after its organization. He has also been a school trustee and director for many years, which position he has filled with ability and to the general satisfaction of the community. He is a consistent member of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church, to the support of which he has always liberally contributed. Of superior ability, energetic and pro- gressive, and of high morality and integrity, Mr. Erwin enjoys the esteem of his fellow- citizens to an unusual degree. |E WITT CLINTON JOHNSTON, de- ceased, was born in Clermont county, Ohio, April 2, 1824. His father, James T. Johnston, was born at Washington, Penn- sylvania, and his father and grandfather lived in Scotland, and on coming to America set- tled iti New Jersey. They removed to Penn- sylvania and there engaged in farming until they died. The father of the subject was a graduate of Jefferson College and became a practicing physician in Clermont county, Ohio, but he spent his last days at New Richmond. His wife was a Mary Whetstone, of Hamilton county, Ohio. She died in the same town as her husband. The subject of this sketch received his edu- cation at the public schools of New Rich- mond, and from private tutors, and graduated from the same college as his father, in the year 1843. He commenced the study of law at Batavia, Ohio, and was admitted to the bar at Hillsborough, Ohio, and practiced there till 1850, when he removed to ^^q^^ Rich- mond, Ohio, an opened an office and continued there until 1853, when he came to Rushville and practiced there until January 28, 1866. He married, in 1845, a lady whose maiden name was Margaret Bauer, a native of Bavaria, Germany. Her grandfather had lived in the same country all his life, and so had her father until 1832, when he resolved to trj' his for- tune in the new world: so with his family he set sail from Havre de Grace in the fall of the same year. His father, Conrad Bauer, also came over to America in the same ship. The trip was made in thirty-three days. From New York, where they landed, the older man went to Ohio by the way of Pennsylvania, making the journey by the canal and stage to Pittsburg, and then down the Ohio river. He located in Brown county, and bought a farm and engaged in tilling the soil until his death. Mrs. Johnston's father was accompanied by his wife and two children, and he located in the same county as his father, bought a farm, and resided there until 1856, when he sold out and came to Illinois, and located in Rush- ville township. Here he also bought a farm, on section 25, and engaged in agricultural pursuits until his death. The maiden name of the mother of Mrs. Johnston was Margaret Heigh. She was born in the same locality as her husband, and spent the last years of her life on the home farm. Mrs. Johnston continued to reside in Rush- ville for some time after her husband's death, but she now occupies her father's old home- stead in Rushville township. She has two sons living, James B. and Harold W. The former is a graduate of the Chicago TJniver- SOaUYLER AND BROWN GOUNTJBS. 601 sity and is a practicing attorney. The second son is a graduate of the Illinois College, Jack- sonville, where he is professor of Latin. He is also an author, his first work is -entitled "Select Orations and Letters of Cicero." Mr. and Mrs. Johnston were earnest mem- bers of the Episcopal Church. Mr. Johnson was a stanch supporter oE the principles of the Democratic party, of which he was a mem- ber. He was an able lawyer and a fine citi- zen. His record is one of which his family and friends may justly be proud, not only in his capacity as County Judge, but in the oc- cupations of daily life. Having many ad- vantages which other early settlers did not have, he became well-known throughout the State as a legal authority, as well as a man of literary attainments. rRANK T. KITCHEY, a farmer and resident of Rushville township, was born in what is now Buena Yista town- ship, Schuyler county, Illinois, September 19, 1844, being the only son of Greorge S. and Lucinda Ritchey. His father was born in Dayton, Ohio, and lived there until 1831, when he emigrated to Schnyler county, hav- ing nothing but a large stock of health and youthful spirits upon which to draw for a livelihood. Energy and industry spurred him on and he continned a hard-working man, liv- ing to see himself possessed of a good com- petence. In 1831 neighbors were far apart in old Schuyler, deer being far more numerous than human beings. When he married Lucinda Walker, of Kentucky, he took her home to a log cabin, where the subject of this sketch was born. The year following this latter event Mr. Eitchey removed with his family to section 6, Rushville township, upon land he had previously purchased, and, except two years spent in California, he resided there until his death. His wife also died on the old home farm. Mr. Ritchey, Sr., was mourned as a good farmer, a kind neighbor and a good friend. Frank Ritchey received his early education at the district school, the first one being held in a log house with furniture of the most primitive kind, the benches being mere slabs. Later he took advanced steps in the public schools of Rushville, where he was fitted as a teacher. He engaged in teaching and farming until 1872, when he went to Crawford county, Kansas, and there taught school for two terms, after which he returned to Illinois, and has resided ever since, in Rushville, where he now owns a nice farm of 255 acres and is engaged in general farming and stock-raising. He was married in 1876, to Catharine F. Sands, of Rushville township, daughter of Robert and Frances JSTall Sands (see sketch of R. E Sands). Four children have blessed this union, namely: Lora E., Lucinda F., George F. and Robert. Mr. and Mrs. Ritchey are consistent mem- bers of the Christian Church. He is an act- ive member of the Republican party, and, as all good citizens should do, takes a deep interest in all that concerns tiie well being of his county. State and the Union. -'-^xyxrifb- -^Ififiyx^^ l[^-^ON. J. M. HAMBAUGH.— The sub- ject of this brief sketch is one of the men of whom the State of Illinois is proud. His career in the last Legislature, as a Representative from the Thirty-sixth Sen- atorial District, has made a national reputa- 602 BIOGRAPEIOAL REVIBW OF CMS, tion for hira as a champion of the rights and privileges of apiarists. This gentleman was born in Yersailles township, Brown county, Illinois, July 16, 1846, hence he is over forty-five years of age. His father, Stephen D. Hambangh, emigrated from Kentucky, and pre-empted the farm now occupied as a homestead by his son, in the year 1828, being one of the very first settlers of this section of the country. Ste- phen was the son of Henry, a native of Louisi- ana, born in 1771, who married Rebecca Morris. Henry was the son of John, a na- tive of Germany, married to a lady of De- troit, Michigan, having come to this country when quite a young man. He and his wife died in Louisiana, leaving quite a family. Stephen was one of ten children, of whom he was the third. He was reared to farm life, receiving a fair schooling, and married Elmina Stone, daughter of John and Abigail (Crook) Stone, natives of New Hampshire and Yer- mont, respectively. The mother of our sub- ject was born in 1814, and was taken to Ken- tucky by her parents when only five years old, and is the last surviving member of her father's large family of ten children, who were reared to maturity and became the heads of families. The grandfather of our subject came to Illinois in 1824, with his wife and three children, leaving one son be- hind. Ho had no property, but settled first at Edwardsville, Illinois, in the fall of 1824, and in the spring of 1828 he came to the present home of our subject. Here he moved his family into a small log cabin, which his brother bad built. The brother had preceded him and built this cabin on eighty acres of land. They made the journey to their new home in a " prairie schooner," drawn by four horses. The company that made the trip was composed of Mr. and Mrs. Henry Hambaugh and their children, — John P., Stephen D., Philip G., and Francis, the only living daughter, who became the wife of Governor Ford, of this State. S. D. Hambaugh, father of J. M. Hambaugh, died November 4, 1877. J. P. Hambaugh, brother of S. D. Ham- baugh, a bachelor who had always made his home in the family of S. D., died Sep- tember 3, 1886, leaving his nephew, J. M. Hambaugh, executor of his estate, and in his will bequeathed $1,000 to be expended on a monument to the Hambaugh family, and an iron fence around the cemetery; and Mr. Hambaugh had a most unique model of the old pioneer log cabip erected on the bluff in Hambaugh cemetery near the old home, which has been visited by thousands of peo- ple and admired by all who have seen it. At the time the Hambaugh family made their advent into Illinois there was not a railroad in the State, and but few in the United States. The father of our subject was united in marriage to Miss Elmina Stone on the eve of the great snow-storm, December 28, 1830, so historical and memorable in the minds of old settlers, the snow falling to a depth of four feet on a level, and remaining on the ground until the 1st of April. Nestling among the trees of the forest, where scarcely a ray of sunshine could pene- trate, Mr. Hambaugh had built his hut, which was in keeping with its rude surroundings, and it was to this rude structure that Mr. Hambaugh introduced his bride, to share his lot in the miseries and pleasures coincident with a truly pioneer life. They were the ad- vance guards of the on-coming tide of civili- zation. With nerves of steel they endured privations and suflFerings and made possible the deeds of to-day. It was during the first winter of his pioneer experience that Mr. Hambaugh obtained a SCHUYLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 603 few colonies of bees from hollow trees, by felling them, and sawing above and below the colony, covering one end with boards and mounting them upon platforms prepared for that purpose, then transporting them to his cabin on a sled. In this way the first bees were obtained, from which he increased their numbers year by year, until they reached as many as fifty or sixty colonies. The hive used was very primitive, and the method of taking the honey was with the brimstone match; but, strange as this may seem, wax and honey was quite a financial factor with the early pioneers, and many a hearthstone has been made happy by the timely exchange of this product for linsey, jeans and other necessities for home comforts; and one settler states that he paid for eighty acres of land with the money obtained from honey and wax. Mr. and Mrs. Hambaugh had seven chil- dren born to them, four of whom are still liv- ing, Joseph M. being the youngest; and it has fallen to his lot to remain on the old home- stead to look after the fences and the bees. Having inherited a passionate fondness for this wonderful little insect, like his father, he declares that the old homestead will never be deprived of their merry hum ; but it was not until 1881 that he began to study modern methods, and prepare for a new era in bee culture. Up to that time he had never seen the inside of a bee-book. He had been taught to produce honey in small boxes, and believed it to be the ne plus ultra of all other meth- ods, when a little circumstance led him to an investigation, which was a ray of light cast upon a new field of labor, grand and beautiful beyond discription. It was in the fall of 1881 that, chancing to step into the grocery house of J. A. Givens, in Mount Sterling, he dispovered a huge pyramid of beautiful white clover honey put up in two and three pound packages, and upon inquiry he found that they had been produced by a citizen of his own county, by the name of Dunbar. He sought out Mr. Dunbar and found out that to be a successful honey-pro- ducer one must study the art. About this time he read A. I. Root's advertisement in an agricultural paper and sent for a catalogue of his bee supplies, and he was soon in pos- session of Cook's Manual of the Apiary, Dzierzon's Rational Beekeeping and many other works of note; and it was after a care- ful persual of these works that he ventured on modern improved methods. Did not space forbid we might follow Mr. Hambaugh through all his evolutions, but suffice to say that he prefers the Dadant hive for extrac- ting purposes; and, as his success as a honey- producer is well known throughout the county, his opinion is valuable. He was married October 26, 1869, to Miss Josephine Shamp, of Edina, Knox county, Missouri, daughter of H. S. Shamp, who gladdened his home but the short space of two and a half years, when she crossed the dark valley, leaving to him an infant but six hours old. This sorrowful experience in Mr. Hambaugh's life came near turning his brain, and he says that only those who pass through a similar experience can ever under- stand the intensity of the heartache and lac- eration of the soul such a disaster occasions. Mr. Hambaugh was married for the second time, February 29, 1879, to Miss Frances Cullinan, of Mount Sterling, daughter of "William and Ann (Brown) Cullinan. She is the mother of five children, all living, but one infant. The living ones are: Elmina, aged twelve; Anna M., aged nine years; William James, aged six years; Stephen D., aged two years. 604 BIOGRAPHICAL REYIEW OF 0A88, Mr. Hambaugli has borne his share of the minor township offices, and was elected to the Legislature, November, 1890. He has pur- sued mixed farming and stock-raising, in ad- dition to honey production, and has always been prominent in bee societies all over the State, and is a member of the North .Amer- ican Beekeepers' Association, the Beekeepers' Union, and is President of the Illinois State Beekeepers' Association. Our subject is a devout Catholic in reli- gion. In politics he has maintained the prin- ciples of the Democratic party, is strictly temperate, and an ardent advocate of the abolishment of the American saloon. ROBERT E. SANDS, a highly respected citizen of Rushville, Illinois, was born in Rushville township, Schuyler county, Illinois, April 15, 1849, a son of Robert R. Sands, who was born in Washington, Dis- trict of Columbia. The paternal grandfather of our subject, Robert Sands, was a native of Ireland, of Scotch ancestry; upon coming to to the United States he located in the capital city, where he resided several years. In 1831 he removed to Schuyler county, Illinois, and was one of the pioneers of Rushville town- ship; he entered a tract of Government land 6n section 8, improved the place, and occu- pied it until his death. Robert R. Sands was a child of eight years when his parents come to Illinois; at that time there were few settlers, and Rushville was but a hamlet; deer, wild turkeys and other game were plentiful; there were no railroads and for many years the river towns were the market places. The following incident related by Mr. Sands is worthy of record: One season his father raised about 1,000 bushels of corn; he shelled it in a machine operated by hand, teamed it to Frederick, and sold it for fifteen cents a bushel! Robert R. Sands inherited land from his father which he occupied until his death. His wife, whose maiden name was Frances Nail, was a native of Kentucky, and a daughter of Gabriel Nail, also a Ken- tuckian by birtli, and a pioneer of Schuyler county; she died on the home farm in April, 1870. Robert E. Sands was reared and educated in his native town, and' was never separated from his parents until the hand of death was laid upon them. He then purchased the in- terest of the other heirs in the homestead, and was actively engaged in agricultural pursuits until March 14, 1892, when he sold the farm, and removed to Rushville. Mr. Sands was united in marriage, in 1873, to Sarah Montooth, a native of Pittsburg, Pennsylvsnia. They are the parents of three children: Walter E., Kate Alice and Mary Stella. Mr. and Mrs. Sands are worthy and consistent members of the Methodist Epis- copal Church. Politically he supports the issues of the Republican party. fOHN F. SNYDER, a progressive and enterprising agriculturist of Littleton township, is a native son of Illinois, born at Rushville, Schuyler county, Novem- ber 20, 1849, a son of William and Jane (Little) Snyder; the father was born in Lan- caster county, Pennsylvania, April 28, 1803, and was a cabinetmaker by trade; he pene- trated the frontier in 1835, and settled at Rushville, where he followed his trade until removing to Littleton township in 1854; here he engaged in farming in connection with his other vocation. His father, Henry Sny- 80HUYLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 605 der, was also a native of the Keystone State, but emigrated to the West and died in Rush- ville township at the age of sixty-seven, October 23, 1835. William Snyder died on the farm now occupied by his son John F., September 22, 1875, at the age of seventy- three years; his wife was a Fennsylvanian by by birth, and now deceased. They reared a family of seven children, iive of whom are now living, viz.: John F.. who lived upon his father's farm until the death of the latter; Mrs. M. A. Davidson, Mrs. Ellen De Witt Mrs. Susan Dooley, and William. James Lit- tle, the maternal grandfather of John F Snyder, departed this life October 19, 1855, aged seventy-one years, and his wife Septem- ber 10, 1864, in the sixty-fourth year of her age. The subject of this sketch was first mar- ried October 2, 1873, to Miss Frances Park, who was born, reared, and died in this county; she was a daughter of Washington and Maria Park, natives of Ohio, who were among the early settlers of this county; the parents are deceased. Mr. Snyder's second marriage was May 12, 1880, when he was united to Miss Brunette Spragg; she was horn In Lewis county, Kentucky, August 25, 1858. Five children have been born of this union, three of whom are now living: Mary J. dates her birth March 12, 1881 ; ]Vf artha E. was born September 10, 1883, and died April 16, 1889; William H., born December 23, 1885, died September 16, 1887; John L. was bom December 8, 1889, and Charles Beam, July 26, 1892. Mrs. Snyder's parents are William P. and Mary B. (Scott) Spragg, natives of Ohio and Kentucky, respectively ; they are now residents of Nashville, Tennes- see. William P. Spragg was born ISTovem- ber 22, 1837, in Fairfield county, Ohio. His f^tlier, N. B. Spragg, was born in the State 10 of Pennsylvania, October 1, 1797. His wife, Rhoda Green, was born in Fairfield county, Ohio, July, 1795, the second white child born in that county. Mary B. Spragg, Mrs. Snyder's mother, was born in Greenup county, Kentucky, November 4, 1835, and married William P. Spragg, December 2, 1855. Her father, Jacob Scott, was born in the State of North Carolina, January 15, 1798, and his wife, nee Catherine Thompson, was born in Lewis county, Kentucky, June 24, 1802. Mr. Snyder settled on his father's farm after his marriage, purchasing fifty-four acres of land; as his means increased, he made additional investments, and now owns 210 acres, all in a high state of cultivation. He carried on his agricultural pursuits with great intelligence and energy, and has met with merited success; he gives especial atten- tion to the raising of live-stock, and has some very tine specimens on his place. Politically our worthy subject adheres to the principles of the Republican party, as did his father before him. He has filled some of the local offices, and has discharged the duties intrusted to him with a zeal and ability that have won the confidence of the community. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and are both active workers in the cause of the Mas- ter. His father was also a zealous church- man, and for many years, was a Class-leader on the frontier. Mr. Snyder belongs to Littleton Lodge, No. 766, A. F. & A. M. He was not a soldier in the late war, but his brother William was in the service two years, in Company A, Tenth Missouri Volunteer Infantry, and was wounded in the battle of Corinth. Concerning Mrs. Jane Snyder, deceased, the mother of the subject of the foregoing sketch, we are furnished with the following 606 BIOGRAPEIOAL REVIEW OF CASS, additional items: She was a daughter of Mr. James and Mrs. Rebecca Little, and was born in Golnmbia, Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, on the 26th day of July, 1810. On April 2, 1833, she waa united in marriage with Mr. George Carson, who survived this marriage but fifty-seven days, leaving a young bride to mourn his untimely death. After a widow- hood of nearly two years, she married Mr. William Snyder, on May 20, 1835, and soon after they removed to Illinois, first to Jack- sonville, and then to Eushville, where they resided till 1854, when they removed to Littleton. Mr. Snyder died in September, 1875, and Mrs. Snyder remained on the farm with her son, John F., till, within the last few years, she has been making her home with her daughter, first at Augusta, and then at Plymouth, spending some time every year with her son at the old home. She had returned but a short time to her home, from an extended visit with her son, when she was stricken down with a violent attack of flux, and notwithstanding all that physicians could do, with the loving care and nursing of children and friends, she calmly departed out of this life on Friday, Septem- ber 23, 1892, after only five days' illness, in the eighty-third year of her age. Mrs. Snyder was converted and united with the Methodist Episcopal Church, when she was but fifteen years old, and she held fast the beginning of her confidence firm unto the end. jRS. MARGARET FRAJSTCIS BOWE, widow of Thomas Eowe, was "^M^ born July 27, 1857. Her parents were Lawrence and Mary (Adams) Costello, both natives of the Emerald Isle, the father having been born in Westmeath Athlone, Ireland, in 1822. In 184:4:, at the age of twenty-two years, he emigrated to America, landing in New York, where he remained for a short time, going thence to Pennsyl- vania. He afterward came West to Mt. Ster- ling, Illinois, where he was married, Octo- ber 11, 1856. The worthy parents still re- side on their farm, two and one-half miles west of Mt. Sterling. They first bought eighty acres and lived for several years in a small log house: later they built the pleasant home they now occupy. It is a seven-room, two- story house. Soon afterward, they added a large barn to their frame buildings. They began life with but little means, but are now well-to-do farmers. They buried an infant son and daughter, also a son, James, born July 23, 1864, died January 22, 1880, in his sixteenth year; and Thomas, born April 6, 1860, died April 3, 1880; both thus dying within three months of each other. Another son, Walter, was injured by a runaway, and died at the age of thirty-two, in Woodland Park, Colorado, where he had gone in search of health. The living members of the fam- ily are, Mrs. Eowe; John, First Sergeant, Second Artillery, in the regular army, sta- tioned at Fort Riley. He began as a teams- ter when eighteen, but volunteered at twenty- one, and was made Post Librarian, and has been regularly promoted until he is now First Sergeant. This young man is quite an adventurer, having started out on his life of adventures at the age of twelve, without the knowledge of his parents, who thought for a long while that he was dead, and were re- joiced to hear from him, some four years later, that he was safe and well. The next child was Catherine H., who was married to Elmer Byrns, July 6, 1829, and now resides in Mt. Sterling, where she and her husband intend SCHUYLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 607 to make their future home. William and Chris are young men at home on the farm. Their parents came to Illinois when yoimg, Mr. Costello from Pennsylvania, and Mrs. Costello direct from Ireland. Both came without means, and worked by the week and month, and they have been very successful, and by hard work and economy have accumu- lated a large fortune of $20,000, besides their otlier property, which is very valuable. August 7, 1892, Mr. Costello started for the land of his birth, to benefit his health and visit his three sisters and two brothers, who still reside there. He reached his home in safety, and has every prospect of a pleasant visit. Mrs. Bowe had only a common -school edu- cation, but has improved her mind by read- ing. She has one daughter, P>a May, born January 23,1886, twenty-nine days after the death of her husband. Mr. Bowe left 500 acres of land, but Mrs. Bowe only received fifty-five acres of it. She now has 150 acres, having bought the remainder herself, apd this large farm with its nice buildings she superintends herself. She is a, very remark- able lady in that she can manage the estate in so able a manner. fOHN KIRCHER, a practical farmer and stock-raiser, living on section 29, town- ship 17, range 11, was born not many miles from Frankfort on the Main, Germany, October 4, 1835. His father, Henry, was a native of Hesse-Darmstadt. He grew up a farmer, and was there married to Elizabeth Eolp, who was born and reared in the same province. After they had six children, they decided to try their fortunes in a new country. In 1847, they took passage on board a sail- ing vessel at Havre de Grace, France, and af- ter forty-seven days landed in New Orleans, and came from there up the rivers to Beards- town. Here they lived a short time, and a few months after landing the mother died, at the birth of another child, when she was in her fortieth year. The infant died also. The children have been taught to revere her name. Her husband is yet living, aged eighty-seven, making his home with his son, our subject. He has been a cripple for forty years, having lost his leg by the accidental discharge of a gun in the hands of a friend, when they were out hunting. The Lutheran Church has al- ways been his choice, as it was that of his wife, and he has always been a Democrat. Our subject and a sister, Elizabeth, wife of Mi- chael Fortune, of Rich Hill, Missouri, are the only remaining children. John Kircher landed in Beardstown in 1847. His mpther dijed b.etoi'e he was twelve years old, and he had to go out among stran, gers to work for a living. In 1856, he bought his first forty acres of land ; he was married the same year; he hired to a man to work on a farm at |20 per month, and boarded him- self. The next year he rented a small farm and commenced farming for himself, and im- proving his forty acres. His first corn was shelled by a hand sheller, and he hauled it fif- teen miles to market, and got fourteen cents per bushel for it. From then on, he bought one piece of land after another, adjoining his, when he could get it, until he now has a farm of 280 acres. He was married in Cass county, Illinois, to Elizabeth Rahn, born in Hesse-Darm- stadt, near the birthplace of her husband, coming in 1854 with her parents, John and Mary Rahn, to Cass county. Mr. Rahn was a farmer near Arenzville. He died Febru- ary 1, 1892, agad eighty-two years. He 608 BIOGBAPHIOAL REVIEW OF CASS, had come to this country in 1854, with his wife and family. The wife, who is yet liv- ing, is eighty years old and lives with her daughter, Mrs. Kircher. They were always members of the Lutheran Church. Mrs. Kircher is the only daughter, although she has three brothers, George, living in Chris- tian county, and John and Henry, living in Cass county. Mr. and Mrs. Kircher have had eleven children: Louisa and an infant died yonng; Edward married Laura Buck, and is a farmer in this county; William married Josephine Buck, and is also a farmer in this county; Henry, Frank, Mary E., Lena, Anna, Lucy and Rosa are all at home. Mr. and Mrs. Kircher are members of the Lutheran Church, and Mr. Kircher and his grown sons are sound Democrats. They are excellent representatives of the thrifty Ger- man element in this township. •-5»-»J-« ^BENEZER SPINK, the able editor of the Sangamon Valley Ti7nes, of Chan- dlerville, Illinois, was born in Mason county, this State, January 8, 1857, his par- ents being Ebenezer and Fannie (Baylor) Spink. The originator of the paternal branch of the family in this country was Daniel Spi' k a native of England, who emigrated to Amer ica in middle life, settling in Rhode Island where he spent the rest of his life. Samuel his son, was born in Rhode Island, about 1784 and married Ruth Slocumb, also a native of that State. Her parents were Pelick Slo- cumb aud Ruth (Cappes), her mother also be- ing a native of England, and both parents re- siding in Rhode Island until their death. Both Samuel Spink and his wife resided in the State in which thoy were born until their death, which occurred in 1814, at the age of thirty years. They were the parents of four children: Washington, William, Louise Ann and Ebenezer, the father of the subject of this sketch. Ebenezer Spink, Sr., was born in Prudence Island, in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, April 12, 1812. After the death of his father, Ebenezer went with his mother to Wickford, on Narragansett bay, and thence to Providence, in 1822, where he received instruction in the rudimentary branches of education. In 1825, he left home and worked in various localities, doing whatever he could to turn an honest penny. He finally went to Boston, Massachusetts, where he met and married his first wife, Juliet Nichols, their marriage taking place in 1832. Two years later, he removed with his family to Indiana, whence they moved, in 1836, to Kentucky. Two children, Alonzo and Melissa, were born to this marriage. Mr. Spink, Sr., was, sometime later, sep- arated from his wife, and in 1843 married Fannie Baylor, an estimable lady and the mother of the subject of this sketch. Her parents were George P. and Louise E. (Moy) Baylor, who were married in Pennsylvania in 1823. Her father was a native of Germany, and served twelve years in the Revolutionary war, for which he received a large tract of land in Fulton county, this State; her mother was a native of Pennsylvania, where she was born in 1803. They were the parents of eleven children, seven now living, their daughter, Fannie, the mother of our subject, having been born in Pennsylvania, July 18, 1826. The parents eventually removed from the Keystone State to Fulton county, Illinois, where they both died, the mother at the age of fifty-one years and the father aged seventy- two. SCHUTLES AND BROWN COUNTIES. 609 In 1853, Mr. Sj)ink, Sr., removed with his wife and children to Illinois, by boat, landing at Havana, and continued to reside in and near that city until his death, August 14, 1892, aged eighty years, three months and twenty-seven days. There were twelve children born to bless this union. Two daughters died in infancy. The eldest, Charles H., was born in Ken- tucky, February 11, 1844. He enlisted in Company B, Eighty-fifth Regiment of Illi- nois Volunteers, in 1862, and was killed in the battle at Peach Tree creek, Georgia, July 20, 1864. The remaining children are as follows: Mary E. Haynea, of Blue Mound, Kansas; Isabelle Chambers, of Mason City, Illinois; Joseph E., of Gruthrie, Oklahoma; George W., of Petersburg, Illinois; Clara Tates, of Havana, Illinois; Ebenezer, of Chandlerville, Illinois; Walter W. and James W. of Havana, Illinois.; and Lilly M. Mor- genstein, of Topeka, Illinois. Ebenezer Spink, Sr., being one of the pio- neer settlers of Mason county, was well known by all the older residents, and was held in high esteem as a neighbor and friend. In 1856 he joined the New Lebanon Baptist Church, on Crane creek, and lived a consist- ent Christian life ever afterward. Having a large family he never accumulated much property, but was ever a most kind and in- dulgent father and husband. Ebenezer Spink, Jr., whose name heads this notice, attended the schools in his vicin- ity and learned the printer's trade in Havana, Illinois. He resided in Havana until 1879, when he came to Chandlerville and engaged in the publication of The Independent, re- turning in 1881 to Havana. The following year, however, he again removed to Chandler- ville, and bought out the Independent and changed the name to The Sangamon Valley Times, which he has ever since continued to edit and publish. When eighteen years of age, he was mar- ried, in Havana, Illinois, August 8, 1875, to Miss Anna R. Morrison, an estimable lady, a native of Havana, where she was born Janu- ary 19, 1859. She was a daughter of John and Virginia (Derry) Morrison, prominent and early settlers of Illinois. Her paternal grandmother's people came directly from the Emerald Isle to America, where her grand- mother married Thomas Morrison. They had four children, one of whom was John Morrison, the father of Mrs. Spink. He was born in Pennsylvania, December 27, 1821, and came to Illinois in an early day. He was a blacksmith, which occupation he followed through life. He was twice married: first to Aurilla E. Jones, July 1, 1848, and they had two children: Amelia A. and Marcus J. The latter child was born December 27, 1852, and became a prominent man; he died Oc- tober 16, 1883. On February 16, 1853, the devoted wife and mother died, leaving the son to the care of her husband, the daughter having died in infancy. On December 31, 1854, the father married again, the only child by this marriage being Mrs. Spink. The father died in Havana, Illinois, November 25, 1859. Mrs. Spink's mother, Virginia Derry, was born February 14, 1832, in Virginia, and was a daughter of Jacob and Mary A. S. Baggett, both natives of the Old Dominion, the latter having been born near Alexandria, Virginia, on September 20, 1808, and died September 21, 1890. The couple were married March 14, 1834, and reared eleven children, eight of whom are now living, there being also thirty- four grandchildren and twenty-nine great- grandchildren. Virginia Derry's grand par- ents were Townsend and (Howard) Baggett, both natives of Virginia, who, as far 610 BIOOBAPHICAL BE VIEW OF CASS, as known, lived and died there, surviving to an advanced age. Mr. and Mrs. Spink Lave seven children: Marcus L., born in Havana, July 21, 1877; John C, bora in the same place, January 7, 1879; Ernest O., born January 23, 1881; Fay R., born February 21, 1884; Earl M., born March 16, 1888; Flossie M., born Janu- ary 8, 1890; and Wallace, born January 31, 1892. Mr. Spink belongs to the Republican party, casting his first vote for General James A. Garfield, for President. The citizens of Chandlerville have honored him with official positions several times. He served two terms as Treasurer of the village and is a member of the School Board. He is a promi- nent member of the Woodmen, and attends the Congregational Church. Mrs. Spink is an earnest member of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union. It is eminently fitting that a person who wields the influence of an editor should be of high moral character and possess the courage to express his honest convictions, both of which are characteristics of the subject of this sketch, and as such he deserves the commendation which he so widely receives. ^DWm M. ANDERSON, member of the County Board of Supervisors jand pre- sident of the Rushville Village Board, first saw the light of day in Leuisburg, Greenbrier county, Virginia, April 1, 1887. His father, James L. Anderson, was a native of Scotland, " the land of cakes," and the home of Robert Burns, the greatest amatory poet the world has ever known. The grand- father of our subject was also a native of Scotland, in which historic land he passed his entire life. His widow, however, came to America, and spent her last years with her son, James L., in Rushville. She reared four children, of whom our subject's father was the only one to cross the Atlantic to America. When a young man he learned the trade of a silversmith, and upon his arrival here lived for a short time in North Carolina, thence going to Louisburgh, Virginia, where he mar- ried. In 1848 he moved with his wife and infant child to Illinois, coming via the Ohio, Missouri and Illinois rivers to Erie, Schuy- ler county, thence by team to Rushville. He followed his trade for a short time and then founded a weekly newspaper, which he con- ducted successfully for eight or ten years. During this time he studied law and was ad- mitted to the bar, and for a time was asso- ciated in practice with Judge Bagby. He resided here until his death in 1865. His wife, and the mother of our subject, was Maria W. Moore. Her parents were Samuel and Jane (Matthews) Moore, natives of Vir- ginia, as was also their daughter Maria. The latter passed away February 21, 1872. James L. Anderson was formerly a Whig, but later became a Democrat. He was a man of more than usual ability and strength of character, and served several years as Police Magistrate and Probate Judge. He is a thirty-second degree Mason, and served as Grand Secretary and Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of the State, a distinction conferred upon him by reason of his intelligence and high character. His four children were named Edwin M., Bessie, Edgar and Porter, the two latter being deceased. Edwin M. Anderson was reared and edu- cated in Rushville, and resided here continu- ously until 1862, when in July of that year he enlisted in Company C, One Hundred and Nineteenth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and SCHUTLEB AND BROWN 00UNTIE8. 611 served until the close of the war. He par- ticipated in the Red River campaign under General Banks, and with the movements at jSTashville under General Thomas. He was engaged in all the arduous duties, campaigns and battles participated in by his regiment, passing through it all with gallantry and patriotism until he was discharged in August, 1865. Upon his return home he secured employment as bookkeeper for the firm of Little & Ray, and remained in their employ continuously for fourteen years, since which time he has not been engaged in active busi- ness. Socially he is a member of the Rash- ville Lodge, No. 9, A. F. & A. M., and of Rushville Chapter, No. 184, F. A. M. Po- litically he has always affiliated with the Democratic party. He was elected one term as County Treasurer, and handled the finances of the county in an able and creditable man- ner. He had served several terras as a mem- ber of the County Board and as a member of the building committee appointed to super- vise the construction of the county court- house. He has shown himself eminently qualified for any office within the gift of his fellow-citizens. ^HRIST. J. HHSS is a retired farmer, living in Beardstown, and was born near Westphalia, Prussia, March 11, 1827. He came of respectable German par- ents and was the second of the family to come to the United States, coming from Bremer- Haven on a sailing vessel, which was forty-two days on the water. He landed in New Orleans and came thence up the Illi- nois and Mississippi rivers to Beardstown, making the trip in nine days. He had a brother, August, now deceased who had come to Beardstown in 1845, being the first to come to the country. Our subject was fifteen years old when his father, Henry, a farmer, died, having been engaged on a farm in Prussia, Germany, for forty-nine years. He was seventy-two years old when he died, and was a Lutheran in religion- The maiden name of his wife was Caroline Andres, and she survived her husband some years, dying in Prussia at the age of seventy- two. She was a life-long and faithful mem- ber of the German Lutheran Church. Christ, is the only member of the family now living in this county. A sister, Charlotta, wife of Henry Backman, lives on the old farm in Germany. Our subject came here in 1849 when a young man twenty-three years of age. He worked one year on a farm as a laborer. In 1850 he began teaming in Beardstown and in 1861 he sold out this business and bought a good farm, where he afterward did a large stock business in connection with grain farming. In 1890 he retired to the city of Arenzville, where he lives in comfort, enjoy- ing a well-earned fortune, which he obtained by his own efforts, as sisted by his good wife. He was married in Beardstown to Miss Mary Bronkar, who was born August 29, 1833, in Hanover, Germany, and came to the United States in 1848 with her parents, who settled in Cass county, where they lived and died. Her father, Ernest Bronkar, was a successful farmer and lived to be eighty years of age. His wife lived to be sixty- five. Her maiden name was Mary Kelver. They were members of the Lutheran Church. Mr. and Mrs. Huss are parents of eleven children, four died young, an infant, Ed- ward, William, Sr., and William, Jr. The living are, August, married Mary Kuhl- man and is a farmer in his county; Henry 612 BIOQRAPHIOAL REVIEW OF OASS, is a shoemaker and dealer in the firm of Fish & Huss, married to Minnie Coblones; Christian, dealer in agricultural implements and groceries, married Mary Hurbert; John operates his father's farm in this county, and married Amelia Buck; Minnie is the wife of Peter Hems, a farmer in this county; George is a farmer of this county, and Lizzie is at home. This is one of the large and most respect- able families in the county. IP^ENRY 0. FUNK, a well-to-do farmer and stock-raiser of township 17 north, range 11 west, section 14, near Vir- ginia, Illinois, was born in this precinct February 18, 1860. His parents were Con- rad and Frederica (Steiner) Funk. The fa- ther was born in Hesse-Darmstadt, (ier- many, December 26, 1832, and his mother in Texas, December 5, 1839. They were married in Beardstown, Illinois, July 28, 1857. Conrad came to Cass county in 1842 with his mother, his father having died on the ocean. They came directly from Europe to Arenzville, where they rented for a short time, afterward removing to this precinct, where Conrad purchased a farm, having at the time of his death 1,150 acres of land, all except 304 acres being in Monroe precinct. He died upon the farm where our subject now resides, March 8, 1888. His wife still resides at the old homestead where her un- married children live. They had eight children, who are as fol- lows: Willis Conrad died in childhood; Henry C, our subject; Louis A. resides up- on a farm near; Rosa, Mary, George, Emma, and Frank, living at home. This whole family has enjoyed good educational advantages and have an excellent home. Henry grew to manhood upon the farm and received his education in the common schools. He now owns 360 acres of good land, which he rents. He furnishes all the seed and gets one half the grain. The girls have good farms and the brothers are equally well off. The voters of the family are Democrats. The parents were members of the Lutheran Church and the whole family is prominent, and possesses the confidence and esteem of all who are fortunate enough to know them. George Edward is not mar- ried, and is of a roving spirit, having visited many of the cities of the West. Early in life he developed a fondness for fire-arms, and is now one of the best rifle-shots in the country. He has given numerous exhibitions of his skill at target practice, shooting glass balls, etc., and has always come out best in com- petition with local authorities. He was born November 13, 1868, on the farm where his mother and family live and which is his home. fOHN G. KENDRICK, of Elkhorn town- ship, was born in Lebanon, New Hamp- shire, February 18, 1828. He is a son of Stephen and Martha (Gerrish) Keudrick. Stephen came to Illinois in 1841 with his wife and two children, his possessions being an ox team and |50 in cash. He first rented in this county and bought forty acres of land, where he died when eighty-four years of age. Stephen's father was a merchant of Lebanon, New Hampshire, and died there a very old man. Stephen's wife was named Thankful Howe, and she died when an old woman. The father of our subject was one of eight children, and his mother one of seven chil- dren. She was born in New Hampshire, and SCHUYLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 613 died at the home of her son, aged sixty-one years. John remained at home until married, and went to the district school with James A. Garfield. He learned the trade of a black- smith and wagon maker. After he married he rented a farm near his father, and there lived until 1872, when he moved into his own house, and now owns 300 acres. He carries on mixed farming and has been very success- ful. He is a Republican in politics. He was married in 1850 to Mary Jaqties, born in Allegany county. New York, April 14, 1843, daughter of Samuel and Effie (Fa- gort) Jaqnes. They were New Yorkers, who came to Illinois in 1841. Mrs. Kendrick is one of twelve children. Mr. and Mrs. Ken- drick have three living children: Edward K., Fred "W. and Emma. The boys are on the land their father owned. They are mem- bers of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and Mr. Kendrick is a Class-leader, and the whole family are very active in Sunday-school work; in fact Mr. Kendrick is active in every good work, especially temperance work, and has organized several temperance societies. No man in the county has been more active than Mr. Kendrick in placing it in the position it now enjoys. He has a grand record for local temperance and church work, and is highly s teemed throughout the county. fAMES M., BENJAMIN R., and WILL- IAM B. WILSON are farmers of Elk- horn township, where they have been residents for a long time. Their father, John S. Wilson, was born in New Jersey, May 15, 1817. He was the son of Reuben Wilson, who was of English parents and a successful farmer of New Jersey. (See sketcli of George W. and F. M. Wilson.) Reuben Wilson re- moved to Ohio and resided there a few years, and in 1829 he visited Illinois on horseback, and was so pleased with the country that he emigrated to Illinois in 1833, and settled in Adams county. He entered sixteen sections of Government land, 10,240 acres, part of which was included in the township of Quincy. Soon after his arrival in this State he was taken quite sick, and was rendered helpless until his death some three years later. He married Susan Carver, of New Jersey, and of Holland parents. She died about two years after her husband. John Wilson was about sixteen years old when he came to Illinois with his parents. At that time Adams was but little settled, and Quincy was only a vil- lage, although it served as the market place for the farmers for many miles around. He was the pioneer teacher for Adams county and also Brown county, and as there were no districts all were taught in the subscription school in a little log house. The teacher was obliged to board around among the people. He was married November 30, 1843, to Miss Elizabeth J. Adams, born in 1827, daughter of Mr. Benjamin Adams, Sr. They had six children, namely: Benjamin B., born No- vember 8, 1844; Perlina, born December, 1846; Pernita, born March 25, 1849; James M., born May 26, 1851; Dora E. was born February 5, 1854; William B., born Novem- bea 4, 1859. Mr. Wilson bought land in sec- tion 5, and built a log-cabin, in which all of his children were born, and where he lived until the day of his death, on April 22, 1875. His wife died in 1892. The brothers have always resided on the old homestead, and have been engaged in farming. They have received a good ednca- 614 BIOGRAPHICAL BE VIEW OF CASS, tion, and they are extensive readers, putting into practice the ideas they receive from their papers. Their farm is one of the best and most improved in the county. fOHN H. TLTREMAJSr.— Mr. Tureman' father, in the year 1827, emigrated to what is novir Cass county, with his family, which then comprised a wife and seven chil- dren. He purchased from a man named Myers a claim to a tract of Government land, and some time later, as soon as he could ob- tain the money, entered the same direct from the Government. It is the same that is now owned by the subject of this sketch. There was then a log cabin on the place, having in it neither sawed lumber nor nails; the boards on the roof were rived by hand and held in place by weight- poles; those of the floor were split and one side hewed smooth, — called " puncheons," about six feet in length. The chimney was built of earth and sticks on the end and outside of the building. And it was in this humble abode that John H. Ture- man was born. The family occupied this dwelling about four years, when Mr. Ture- man erected a story-and-a-half frame house, — one of the first frame dwellings in the county. The lumber for this structure was all sawed by hand, as there was no sawmill in the country. A platform was constructed, on which the logs were rolled, and two men operated the saw, what was called a " whip saw," one man standing above, the other below. The father was a resident of this place until his death, in June, 1835, when he was aged about fifty-two years. His wife survived him many years, dying in 1868, aged seventy-nine years. Her maiden name was Elizabeth Harbold, and she was born in Pennsylvania, of Germany ancestry. Until seven years of age she spoke no other lan- guage than the German, and after moving from Pennsylvania there was a period of twenty-one years during which time she did not even see a German-speaking person. Following are the names of the twelve chil- dren in the above family: Eliza, the wife of William Carr; Ann, who married James Cook; David, George, Leonard, Catherine, who married William Patterson; Arsenoin, who married Cabel Patterson; John H. ; Elizabeth, the wife of James Allison ; William A.; Tracy; and Virginia, who married George Davis. Of the foregoing, Catherine, John H., William and Virginia are living. Mr. Tureman, our subject, was born and has passed his entire life on the place he now owns and occupies and has therefore lived longer on one place than any other person now residing in the county. He has a very retentive memory and relates many interest- ing incidents of pioneer days, illustrating the contrast between the peculiarities of those days and the present. He was in his sixth year when his father died, and he remembers how he seemed to be his father's favorite, for his father often took him along on his travels, thus widening our subject's experience and the scope of his pleasures. Their grain and other products were all marketed at Beards- town, much of it being drawn there with ox teams. On one occasion they camped over night a short distance from that place, which was then the principal market for this part of Illinois. There were then many campers there, some having come from Jacksonville, Springfield, and Decatur for merchandise. It was on one of these return trips that the elder Tureman drew the second load of mer- chandise that was ever taken to Virginia, the SOHUTLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 615 goods being for Dr. Hall, who, at the time, kept the only store in the place. On another occasion he took a carding- machine to Jackson- ville, and on this trip they stopped on the way at a distillery to quench their thirst, distilleries being then very numerous and their products pure and cheap. The people Bubpisted principally upon wild game and produce of their own raising. Deer, wild turkey, prairie chickens, etc., were abundant. Bread was considered a great luxury, Corn meal was the principal breadstuff in use, sometimes exclusively so for long periods. For several years there were no gristmills other than horse-mills in this part of the country, and often the inhabitants had to grate their corn on a perforated tin grater, or pound it in a mortar. The first gristmills started were operated by horse-power. When but a boy our subject used to take a sack of shelled corn on the back of a horse to mill, where he often had to wait all day for his grist. When he was about fourteen there was a water-power mill at Arenzville, to which he took grists. His father was a true friend of popular education. He hired a teacher, giving him a room in his own house. But in those days "licking" and learning went together, and John came in for his share of the " lickings." His sister, Mrs. Cook, took pity on him, and on one occasion lined his jacket with card- board made of brown paper, which was placed under his clothes, as a protection against the customary rough usage of the "schoolmaster." His other brothers having left home, young Tureman found himself at the age of fifteen with the management of the farm devolving upon him. Being industrious and possessing good judgment, he was successful from the start. In the course of time he bought the interest of the other heirs in the homestead. and he has also purchased other tracts of land. The home farm contains 400 acres; another farm, in Logan county, also contains 400 acres. Mr. Tureman's life has not only been characterized by industry and enterprise, but also by generosity and public spirit. In 1884 he erected the opera-house in "Virginia, — a handsome, well built structure, 64 x 120 feet in dimensions, two stories high besides base- ment, and was, at the lime it was erected, the finest building in any town of its size in the State of Illinois. He is also a stockholder and a director in the First National Bank in Virginia. Politically Mr. Tureman was originally a Democrat. In 1876 he voted for Peter Cooper, but, previous to this, a revolution in his political creed had occurred, which had its incipiency in the first issue of greenbacks by the Government. He accepted these as safe money, because it had the stamp of the land, was a creation of the law, and conse- quently was good, and would remain so as long as the Government by which it had been issued was solvent. In this he was an original greenbacker. At this time, or per- haps a little later, Mr. Tureman began to realize the drift of the old party he had left; saw that the famous Kansas and Nebraska bills were shallow pretenses of democracy, championed by Douglas and other pro- slavery leaders to ultimately carry slavery into all the unorganized domains of the Government. This after-light caused him many doubts about clinging to the fortunes of a party bent upon fostering slavery in the free Territories from 1856 to 1864. From the latter date on, he has not been in harmony with either of the old parties, the financial policy of the Eepublican party being particularly distaste- ful to him in all its collateral. branches. He wants no dollar redeemable in another dollar. 616 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OF CASS, no specie base to hoodwink and give the appearance of security to a currency, which is as good without a promise to redeem in specie as it is with a promise to redeem and without the specie with which to do it. Socially he is a member of the Morgan and Cass County Pioneer Society, of which he has served both as president and vice-president. He was married December 5, 1851, to Mary J. Davis, a native of Cass county. Their two children are Parthena and John F. The former is the wife of Hugh W. Harrison, of Belleville, this State, and has one child, named Zoe. John F. married Mary Cald- well, and he is engaged in the grocery busi- ness in Virginia. -^ |ICHARD S. BLACK, an intelligent, progressive and highly esteemed citizen of Mound Station, Illinois, and repre- senting one of the best families of Schuyler county, was born in Woodstock township, this county. May 28, 1832. His father, Richard Black, was a native of Mecklenburg county, North Carolina, where he attained to manhood. Of an adventurous and progressive disposition, he removed from his native county to Hancock county, Ken- tucky, in an early day. The spirit of emi- gration, however, was too strong for him to resist, and after a few years' sojourn in Ken- tucky, we again see him moving Westward. His second settlement was made in Dubois county, in what was then Indiana Territory. In 1826, he again moved toward the setting sun, moving by team overland to Schuyler county, Illinois, accompanied by his wife and four children. Arrived at his destination, he purchased of Willis O'JSTeil a claim to the land which is now the site of the city of Rushville. On the organization of Schuyler county, this claim was selected as the county seat, and it was consequently taken from Mr. Black, the county afterward reimbursing him in part. Thus deprived of his home, he re- moved five miles southward, near the present site of Bethel Church, where he bought a tract of patent land. He erected on this a log cabin sixteen feet square, for the roof of which he rived clapboards, and split puncheon for the floor, while he made his chimney of sticks and clay, called in those days a " cat- and-stick chimney." He, later, built an ad- dition, making a double log cabin with an entry between, at that time a very pretentious residence, where he dwelt until his death, in 1853. The maiden name of his second wife was Elizabeth Fowler, a native of Jeflferson county, Kentucky. She reared eight chil- dren, two of whom were her husband's by his former marriage. These children were: Elizabeth, William, Isaac, Cecelia, John L., Richard S., the subject of this sketch; Aus- tin S., and Monroe. The devoted wife and mother survived her husband and spent her declining years in comfort with her son Isaac. Eichard S., whose name heads this biogra- phy, was reared and educated in Schuyler county, where he was born. He attended the pioneer schools, which were held in log houses without any floors. The seats were made of small logs, split and hewed smooth on one side, with wooden pegs for legs. A piece of puncheon, supported by wooden pins inserted in the sides of the building, served as a writing desk for the larger schol- ars. The country was sparsely settled, all land that was not patent or soldier's land be- ing owned by the Government. The country was mostly inhabited by wild Indians, while game abounded in great profusion, such as deer, bear, rabbit, turkey, prairie chicken, SCHUYLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 617 grouse, etc., and the streams were alive with the choicest fish. JSo mills were in the country at that time, and all grain was ground by hand. The pioneers subsisted on wild game, fish, and such products as they raised on their land. All clothing was of home- spun, which was manufactured by the women of the family, who carded and spun the materials and afterward cut and made the garments, and that at a time when sew- ing machines were unknown. The subject of this sketch resided with his parents until he attained his majority, when he commenced farming for himself on rented land in Bainbridge township. After a few years of industry and careful management, he had sufficiently prospered to be able to buy land, which he accordingly did, purchasing a tract in the same township. He continued to farm this land until 1869, when he sold out and bought another tract in Brown county, on which he remained for three years. This, he also sold, and removed to Adams county, purchasing a farm in Concord township, where he resided until 1884. He then again dis- posed of his interests and removed to Law- rence. Kansas, where he engaged in the manufacture of cider and vinegar for eight months. The climate there not agreeing with him, he returned to Mound Station, and entered the mercantile business, which he successfully continned for five years. For the the last two years he has been prosper- ously conducting the principal hotel of Mound Station. Mr. Black was first married, in 1857, to Harriet Terrill, an estimable lady, daughter of Andrew and Elizabeth Terrill, who were early and prominent settlers of Bainbridge town- ship, where their daughter, Harriet, was born. This marriage was dissolved by death in 1883, the devoted wife and mother going to her reward. Matilda, the only surviving child, is now the wife of John M. Anderson, a well-to-do farmer of Huntsville township, Schuyler county. They have three children: Hattie, Ora and John Richard. In 1887, Mr. Black was again married, his second wife being Mary M. McBrackney, a native of Clayton, Adams county, Illinois. Her parents were Robert and Elizabeth (Marshall) McBrackney, both born in Ireland, of Scotch ancestry. Her parents resided in their native country until 1834, when they removed to Clayton, Adams county, this State, where the father purchased and im- proved land, on which he resided until his death. Both parents were devout members of the Presbyterian Church, in which faitli they reared three children. Mr. Black is, politically, a Democrat, and has been elected by his constituents to vari- ous offices of trust. He was for seven years an efficient member of the Adams county Board of Supervisors, and for the past two years has represented Lee township on the Brown County Board. He and his worthy wife are esteemed members of society, being as widely respected as they are known. fOHN SMITH WALKER was born in Adams county, Pennsylvania, in Novem- ber, 1826, the son of Andrew "Walker, a native of the same State and county; there the father was reared and married; he was a farmer by occupation, and followed agricultural pursuits in Adams county until 1839, when he emigrated to Illinois, accom- panied by his wife and eight children. They made the entire trip overland, and on their arrival to Schuyler county they settled on 618 BIOOBAPHICAL REVIEW OF GA88, what is now Littleton township. Mr. Walker rented land, and later purchased a tract un- cultivated and without improvements; he built a small frame house and log stable, and here passed the remainder of his days; he died in 1848. His wife's maiden name was Ann Wilson, a native of Adams county, Pennsylvania. After her husband's death Mrs. Walker lived with her children at their various homes until her decease, which oc- curred in October, 1870, at the residence of her daughter, Mrs. John McGaughey, near Industry, McDonough county, Illinois. She was buried beside her husband in the Camp Creek cemetery south of Macomb, Illinois. John Smith Walker is one of a family of ten children; he was thirteen years of age when the family left their Pennsyl- vania home and penetrated the wilds of the frontier, as Illinois was then called. The country was thinly settled; there were no rail- roads, game was abundant; they were pio- neers, and had to undergo all the privations incident to the settling of a new country. Our subject attended the common schools taught in the primitive log house, conned his lesson while sitting on a puncheon seat, and learned to write on a puncheon desk. He as- sisted in the farm work and resided with his parents during their lifetime. He has been successfuf in his farming operations, and owns at this time 200 acres of choice farming land, lie resided on his farm until 1887, when he removed to Eushville, where Le now makes his home. Mr. Walker was united in marriage, in 1868, to Elizabeth Huckeby, a native of Brecken- ridge county, Kentucky, and a daughter of Thomas Huckeby, her parents emigrated to Illinois in 1836, making the journey by the river on steamboat; they were pioneers of Schuyler county. The mother died within three years after coming to this State and was buried in the Thompson cemetery a short distance south- west of the village of Littleton. The father married again and removed to Fulton county, where he resided until the time of his death in March, 1847. Mrs. Walker was but sixteen months old when she was brought to Illinois, and has therefore witnessed the transformation of the country from a wild prairie to a rich farming community. Mr. and Mrs. Walker are the parents of two children, Anna and John. fOHN FOOTE, the senior member of the firm of John Foote & Son, proprietors of the Rushville Hosiery Factory, was born in Leeds, Yorkshire, England, January 17, 1827. His father, John Foote, was a native of England, and a weaver by trade; he oper- ated a hand loom for many years, and spent bis last days in Leeds. He married Mar- garet Hines, who spent her entire life in Eng- land. Three of their children came to Amer- ica, Frank, Mary and John. The last named, the subject of this biography, began when qniteyoung to learn the trade of cloth dresser, and followed this vocation in Leeds until 1844. In July of that year he sailed from Liverpool on board the Greenock, and landed in New York city after a voyage of six weeks. He went directly to Boston, and thence to Mill- bury, Massachusetts, where he followed his trade for two years; he was afterward in Cherry Valley and Foxboro; and later went to Oxford, Massachussetts, where he was em- ployed in a satinette factory for a few months. Next he went to Winchester, where be was in a flannel factory, and after that to a place SOHUTLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 619 now called Bridgewater, Massachusets, where he worked at the hoot and shoe trade until th beginning of the Civil war. At this time he went to Newport, New Hampshire, and secured employment in a flannel factory. After the close of the war he removed to Charleston, but in 1866 went to Michio;an; he resided in that State for two years, and then removed to Rock Island, Illinois, where he was foreman in the carding and spinning department of the Rock Island Woolen Mills, a position he filled until 1874. In that year he came to Rushville, and two years later established the Rushville Hosiery Factory, which has been in successful operation since that time; both cotton and woolen hose are maufact- ured, and are sold directly to the trade in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa and Nebraska. Mr. Foote was united in marriage in Fox- boro, Massachusetts, in May, 1846, to Mar- tha A. Childs. a native of Maine and a daugh- ter of Amos Childs; there are five surviving children born of this union: Charles F., Al- fred A., Ada, John W. and George H. The last named is in partnership with his father. Mr. and Mrs. Foot are zealous members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and are act- ive in all movements tending to elevate hu- manity. Politically, Mr. Foote affiliates with the Republican party. 5 FORGE W. AND F. M. WILSON are among the few men in Brown county who own and occupy the same farm on which they were born and on which they have resided continuously since childhood. Their grandfather, Savile Wilson, was born in Egg Harbor city, New Jersey, in 1770, of English parents. He was a farmer by oc- cupation, owning several hundred acres of choice agricultural land. He made a specialty of dairying, having several hundred milk cows, and made cheese and butter, which he marketed in New York city and Philadelphia. He also engaged extensively in truck farm- ing and poultry raising. In 1790, he mar- ried Susan Carver, and they had seven children, four sons and three daughters. On the outbreak of the war of 1812, he enlisted in a New York regiment, and participated in most. of the great battles. He was in the battle of Bladensburg and saw Washington city burned. In 1817, he emigrated to Ohio, settling near Cincinnati, where he engaged in farming. His entire family, some of whom were married and had children of their own, emigrated with him. In 1825, he removed farther westward, settling near Indianapolis, Indiana. Here he bought 640 acres of wild land, from which he and his sons proceeded to clear the timber, prepara- tory to its cultivation. One would have thought that a man who had passed the meridian of life, and who had borne the hardships and privations of two settlements in the wilderness, would be content to re- main where he was, but such was not the case. Indeed, a desire for change increased with the gratification of a naturally ad- venturous and roving disposition. Conse- quently, we again find him, in 1836, turn- ing his steps toward the setting sun. This time he removed to Illinois, settling in Adams county, wiiere he bought twelve sections of land, some of which now lies within the limits of the city of Quincy. In this same year, shortly after their arrival in the Prairie State, the devoted wife and mother was called to her reward, leaving a break in in the family which time could never repair. As if the severance of those tender ties was too severe a blow to be endured, the husband 620 BIOGBAPHIGAL REVIEW OF GASS, and father also expired, two years afterward, in 1838. They were aptly mated, both be- ing persons of intelligence, activity and great perseverance, which contributed to their marked success in life. Mr. Wilson's in- fluence and strong sense of justice retained his family around him until his death, many of his children having families of their own. The interests of these were consolidated, their land and agricultural interests being held in partnership, and all accomplished with the utmost satisfaction and good will. His forethought and perseverance were re- markable, and seldom failed to carry him forward to success. As witness of this, we append an incident, showing with what care the last removal of the family to Illinois was contemplated and brought to a happy con- summation : Previous to disposing of his farm in Indiana, which in itself was contrary to the time-honored custom, of leaping first and looking afterward, he and his eldest son, John S. Wilson, went all over the proposed route to the "West," as Illinois and Mis- souri were then called, traveling through the Prairie State to St. Louis, thence to Fort Scott and Fort Leavenworth, at that time the extreme western part of Missouri. At the latter place they rested a few days, after covering this long stretch of territory on horseback, and then resumed their journey homeward, returning by way of Iowa and central Illinois. This was, indeed, an under- taking in those days, the magnitude of which cannot be correctly estimated in these times of rapid and comfortable transit. Their way led over lonely distances, the silence of which was, at times, oppressive, many days some- times elapsing without disclosing to view a single habitation or the face of a white man. All glory be to those who went before and blazed the path for others to follow! Keuben Wilson, father of the subjects of this sketch, was born in New Jersey in 1790. The schools in that State were then but primitive affairs, but his quick perception and inherited judgment stood him in good stead, and he imbibed a fair amount of knowledge of books. He married Sarah Spencer, a bright, active girl, whose parents were German. His father, some time later, becoming inspired with his customary desire for travel, Reuben accompanied him to Ohio, afterward to Indiana, and finally to Illinois. He at first settled in Adams county, the latter State, whence he removed, two years later, to Brown county, locating on the west half of section 32, township 1 south, 8 west. Reuben Wilson was thus a pioneer in three different States, and was well acquainted with the hardships and privations incidental to settling a wild, new country. He was always a champion of education, and es- pecially favored free public schools. He was one of three or four men, who built the first school-house in district No. 1 towiisbip 1 souths, west, which served for school purposes for twenty years. It was christened White Oak College, from the white oak logs used in its corlstruction, and that name still clings to the large frame house, which took its place years afterward. He was a devoted member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, to which he had belonged from his twentieth year; and he helped organize the first Meth- odist Episcopal Church in Brown county, his residence often serving for the public meeting-house. This good and greatly es- teemed man was called from this life in 1855, leaving a stricken family and many friends to mourn his loss. His worthy wife, Sarah, the companion of his youth and sharer of his hardships, survived him many years, expiring in 1873. They had ten children, SCHUYLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 621 seven sons and three daughters, all but the two, whose names head this biography, hav- ing passed away. Following are their names: John S., born in J^ew Jersey, May 15, 1817, came to Brown county, where he died April 22, 1885; he married Elizabeth Adams, in 1845, who was born March 14, 1827, and died June 13, 1892; they had six children, three sons and three daughters, all now living in Brown county. Savile Wilson, born in New Jersey, came to Brown county, married Mary McDaniel, in 1845; he emigrated to Texas in 1853, and his wife died in Shreveport, Louisiana, with the cholera, on the way to their destination; he settled near Gainesville, Cooke county, where he died in 1880; his children consisted of four sons and two daughters, all but two now dead. Beuben J., born in Ohio, came with his parents to Brown county, where he died in 1860; he married Lucinda Harden in 1846, who died in 1889; they had three daughters and one son. Jesse J., born in Ohio, died in Brown county, in 1877, unmarried. Susan, born in Indiana, married Silas Campbell in 1868, and died in 1878; they had three daughters, two of whom survive. Hester, born in Indiana, married Dr. T. J. Norvell, and died in 1885. James M., born in Indiana, died in 1847, in boyhood. Sarah Ann, born in Adams county, Illi- nois, married Arthur JSTewenhan, in 1872; she died in Missouri, in 1879; they had two sons, one of whom is now living. George "W. Wilson, senior partner of Wil- son & Brother, was born January 19, 1887, on the west half of section 32, township 1 sonth, 3 west. Brown county, Illinois, where he has resided continuously ever since. He was educated in tlie country schools, which were crude at that time, attending usually for three months during the winter. He soon learned that it was a virtue to be in- dustrious. The chief occupations were: cul- tivating and harvesting the various crops; attending and feeding stock; clearing off new land; splitting rails and building fence. There was ample recreation in the hunting of wild game, with which the prairies and woods on the streams abounded, especially wild turkey and smaller game, such as squirrels, quails, etc., affording great sport in shooting and trapping. When twelve years of age, he and his younger brother, F. M. Wilson, built a small pen out of fence rails, covering it with the same, and made a trap door, which they set for turkey. They caught ten at one time, besides one or two on various other occasions. He was never married. He was never identified with any church, although a strictly moral and upright man. He ex- perienced a great affliction in 1855, when his father died, leaving him and F. M. Wilson, the youngest of the family, and their mother, alone, the older members being married and having homes of their own. Such had been their training, however, that they successfully carried on the farm as usual. It was this trying ordeal, sharing a common sorrow through the long and lonesome days, as they went about their daily tasks, that laid the foundation for the partnership which has survived for more than a generation. In 1880, they, in company with William Eckler and Manville Larkin, took a trip out West, to look for a more favorable location. After visiting Missouri, Kansas and other por- tions of the West, they concluded Illinois was the best place, and accordingly com- menced life in earnest. 632 BIOOnAPHWAL REVIEW OP CASS, In 1865, they formed a partnership in sawmilling, of which the members were, Jesse J., George W". and F. M. "Wilson, the firm name being Wilson & Brother. They continued successfully in the lumber busi- ness for eight years, sawing large quantities, which they shipped to Turner, Jacksonville and other places, besides supplying a large home trade, and in the meantime they were also farming. In the spring of 1866 and 1867, they set out a large orchard of apple trees, covering 120 acres, which, after a great expense, proved a failure, the winter of 1875 killing the trees, so they had to be cut down. In 1873, they were called upon to mourn the loss of their devoted mother, who went to her reward after a life of the purest un- selfishness and entire subservience to the happiness of her children. She was widely known in her community, and was sincerely mourned by a large circle of friends. In 1877, Jesse J. Wilson died, and the business was continued by the two brothers, who, for several years past, have carried on general farming and stock-raising. At the present time they have a feed mill, where they grind all the grain for their stock; and they have also a small sawmill, which they operate principally for their own use. F. M. Wilson was born March 3, 1839, in Brown county, on the west half of section 32, township 1 south, 3 west; and has re- sided continuously on the same farm ever since. He was known as a quiet, unassum- ing boy, ever ready to stand for the right and condemn the wrong, which characteristic is equally marked in him as a man. He never belonged to any church, but is an up- right man, accepting for his guide the great- est of rules, that " Whatsoever ye would that men should do unto you, do ye also even unto them." He was a member of the Grange until that lodge was discontinued. He belongs to the Farmers' Alliance, is president of the Board, and has been School Director for twenty years, which position he still holds. He has been twice married: first, in 1862, to Martha Carpenter, who died the following year. In 1866, he married Minerva J. Richey, who died in 1874, leaving two chil- dren to his care, a son and daughter, who are living at home with him. Mr. Wilson was educated in the common schools of his vicinity, then called subscrip- tion schools, which he attended for three months each winter. The term "subscrip- tion" arose in consequence of each parent signing a paper, which assured a teacher a certain number of scholars, the tuition be- ing usually $2 for each child for a term of sixty days, including the teacher's board, who lived arouud for equal lengths of time among the various families. The school houses were crude, being built of logs, usually sixteen feet square, with a stove in the center. The furniture corresponded with the appearance of the house, the seats being made of slabs, a slab being the first piece sawed from a log. These were sup- ported by wooden pins, inserted in auger holes bored iu the bark side. These seats were placed around the stove, usually about two feet apart. For writing-desks a plank was fastened to the walls, all around the room. Thus in this room would be crowded probably forty pupils, of ages ranging from five to twenty years. The studies were neces- sarily crude, nothing being attempted but the rudiments of reading, writing and ciphering, often denominated the " three R's." However, on the foundation thus at- tained many built well, and afterward took SCHUYLER AND BROWN COUNTIES. 623 their place in the world as useful members of society. The Messrs. Wilson have witnessed the ■improvements extending over a period of half a century, many of which are interest- ing for a later generation to note. The first plowing was done with a wooden plow, fur- nished with an iron share. A complete revo- lution has been made in agricultural imple- ments and methods within their lifetime. One of them still bears the scars on his hands, which were made by a reaping hook, in his first efforts at harvesting wheat. After this came the cradle, which superseded the reaping hook; later the horse-power machines, the grain being cut by horse-power, after which it was raked from the platform and made into bundles by hand. Subsequently to this came the self -raking reaper, which was a great saving of labor entailed in hand raking. After this, the self-binder; first with wire, then with twine, and bunching the sheaves together ready for shocking. But, there have been more improvements, if possible, in threshing and cleaning the grain. First, the flail and tramping floor were used, the modus operandi being as follows: A circle of sheaves, five or six feet wide and ten or twelve paces in diameter, over which four or six horses would tramp, until the grain was out. Then the straw was separated from the chaflF and wheat, after which the wheat was run through a fanning- mill, to clean the grain. Fanning-mills were at first few in number; men often hauled their wheat and chaff five or six miles in order to get it cleaned; often paying as much to get their wheat fanned as it now costs to have it threshed. The first threshing machines were composed of a cylinder, operated by a belt, which threshed the grain, but did not separate it from the straw, which was after- ward accomplished by hand. The next im- provement made, was a separator which, as the name implied, separated the straw from the wheat and chaff, after which the wheat had to be fanned free from the chaff. The cleaners were then used, which cleaned the grain as it was threshed. One wx)uld naturally suppose that labor- saving devices would have been readily adopted, but such was not the case. There were men who opposed every advance that was made. They clung tenaciously to the reap-hook, after thej could have a cradle; others would still use the cradle when they could have a horse-power machine; and, in- credible as it may seem, there were binders destroyed in Brown county during the first year of their use, by the professional harvest hands, who said they could get no work to do. [KNEST JOCKISCH, a practical farmer and stock-raiser of section 5 and 6, of township 17, range 11, owns a fine and well improved property where he lives. Al- together he owns about 500 acres of first- class land, 400 acres of which is highly im- proved and supplied with first-class build- ings. He has lived in the county since he was ten years of age and has owned land farming it for himself since he was twenty seven. He has been very successful and is very proud of his efforts. He was born in Saxony, Germany, Febru- ary 6, 1825, and came with his parents and grandparents to the United States. The family began life here as poor people did in those days, but they did not remain poor very long and are all rich at the present writing. They have done much to build up Cass county, where many of them yet live, and 624 BI06BAPHIGAL REVIBW OF GASS, ETC COUNTIES. they are all progressive people. (See bio- graphy of William Jockisch.) Ernest was married in this county to Margaret Deiglemeier, born in Hanover, Germany, coming with her mother and brother to the United States when she was young. The family settled in Cass county. The head of the family had died in Germany before they started on their trip across the ocean. The widowed mother died soon after her arrival in this county. Mr. and Mrs. Jockisch are the parents of seven children: Wilhelmina, deceased after marriage and birth of three children, yet liv- ing. The living children are: Caroline, wife of Oscar Lane, farmer of Concord, Morgan county, Illinois; William A., a farmer, mar- ried to Tilda Carls; Frank, a farmer in Cass- county, married Emma Hosier; Louisa, at home; Charles and Henry are at home and farm with their father. All are good hard- working people. Mr. Jockisch, wife and children are members of Zion German Methodist Episcopal Church, of which they are generous supporters. Mr. Jockisch and sons are all Republicans and Mr. Jockisch has held local offices. He is a genial man and kind-hearted neighbor, and is highly re- spected by all.