-:^ Vt*» ''*!''**'*■ CORJsFELL;,^: UNIVERSITY LIBRARY CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 924 083 543 821 DATE DUE itilAV 1 t ' AIR AM wlfvf i** ' ■ ^ n ii^riH ■iMJhnrr"" .•«.i J. V isul ' ^AUi^^M WPV^^IM^'' ^^nnnn ^^~r^i^f***rv gM| im 1 d 1f¥Ulh- -iJlilli -f ■ ii IUJF9 CAYLORD PNINTEDIN U.S.A. Cornell University Library The original of tiiis book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924083543821 HISTORY OF BeaverCounty, PENNSYLVANIA; INCLUDING ITS EARLY SETTLEMENT; ITS ERECTION INTO A SEPARATE COUNTY; ITS SUBSEQUENT- GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT; SKETCHES OF ITS BOROUGHS. VILLAGES AND TOWNSHIPS; PORTRAITS OF SOME OF ITS PROMINENT MEN; BIOGRAPHIES OF MANY OF ITS REPRESENTATIVE CITI- ZENS; STATISTICS, ETC. I L L U S T R AT E D . PHILADELPHIA AND CHICAGO: A. WARNER & CO., PUBLISHERS, 1888. Fc '•C n (r IXJIC.:]!'^ CHICAGO: DoNOHUE & Hennebjerry, Printers and Binders, 1888. PREFACE. IN presenting the history of Beaver county to its patrons, a few state- ments are here submitted, that may enable the reader to judge more intelligently of the work as a whole. 1. Those who were the prime movers in the settlement of the county having all paid the final debt of mortality, and in rare instances, only, left any record of the acts of their lifetime, great difficulty was experienced in obtaining such information as would justly celebrate their merits. The neglect to preserve the early newspapers, the great conservators of local historj' and public morals, has been keenly felt. True, the kind generosity of Daniel Eeisinger, of Beaver, has put at the command of the general historian of the work, the broken files of the Beaver Argus from 1827, through the period of the Civil War. For the courtesy thus shown, the value of which will be manifested in the following pages, the publishers are authorized to extend to Mr. Reisinger, with their hearty endorsement, the earnest thanks of the general historian. 2. The history of the county, embracing the subject matter from Chapter I to XXY, inclusive, except Chapter II, was prepared by Prof. J. Fraise Kichard, aided in some of the work by his son, Levy S. Eichard. Chapter II was prepared by Maj. Thomas Henry, of Fallston. The intention has been to preserve, as far as possible, the facts of local history, and to give, whenever possible, the names of the leaders in all general movements, with the dates of the transactions, which will make the work valuable for reference purposes. IV PREFACE. 3. The biographical sketches were prepared chiefly from notes collected by the solicitors, and a copy of each biography was mailed to the subject, or his immediate representative, for correction, before printing. They have been arranged alphabetically under the respect- ive divisions of the county; in the latter part of the volume. This arrangement has been adopted as the best means of affording conven- ience of reference, and relieving the narrative portion of tedious digres- sion. The large number of these sketches has necessitated as brief treatment as the circumstances would warrant, and no pains have been spared to make accurate this department, which will increase in value and interest with the lapse of years. 4. The publishers are desired to acknowledge the favors and kind cooperation of the following : The press of the county, the county oflBcials and their assistants ; Hon. Daniel Agnew, whose recollection of the early members of the bar, as well as of other important matters fast fading out, was invaluable; Hons. M. S. Quay, W. S. Shallen- berger, and Oscar L. Jackson, all of whom rendered special aid ; Dr. John C. Levis, Eev. W. (}. Taylor, Frank S. Reader, John M. Buchanan, Jacob Weyand, Michael Weyand, Samuel B. Wilson, Eobert Harsha, Ira F. Mansfield and John M. Scott, who gave special aid by furnishing valuable books, papers and memoranda ; Dr. W. H. Egle, State librarian; the pastors and leading officials of various churches in the county; the recording and presiding officers of various societies, and, in a word, to all who have, in any manner, contributed to the furtherance of the enterprise. The Publish eks. CONTENTS. PAGE. Introductory.— Firet Settlers Along the Delaware— William Penn— His Early Dilli- culties— Dissensions iQ the Colony — Penn's Second Visit to the Prortnce— Accession of Governor Keith— French and Indian War— Franklin's Mission to England— The Boundary Line— Struggle for Indepen- dence—Convention of 1787— Constitution of 1790— Whisky Insurrection- Stone Coal -Convention of 1837— Pennsylvania in the War of the Rebellion 11-59 CHAPTEK I.— Physical Features.— Lo- cation — Boundaries — Drainage — Raccoon and Lake— View of the County by Town-, ships — Geological Features— Climate — Vegetation 60-66 CHAPTER II. -Early Struggles of the Ohio and Big Beaver Regions.— Map of 1721— Indians of the Ohio Valley— The Walking Purchase— Early Indian Names —The French Claim to the Ohio Valley— The Claim of the English— The Ohio Com- pany—Expedition of Celeron— Treaties witli the Indians — Journey of Christian Frederick Post— Indian Council at Salt Spring— Siege of Fort Pitt— Defeat of the Indians at Bushy Bun 67-80 CHAPTER III.— Pioneers and Pioneer Settlements.— Causes of Migration- Character of the Early Settlers— Primi- tive Cabins and their Surroundings — Means of Defense— Fort Mcintosh— First Settlers — Lists of Taxables — Mortuary List 83-118 CHAPTER IV.— Organization and Ad- ministration.— Erection and Bounda- ries—The County Seat -Legal Organiza- tion—First Prothonotary and Register and Recorder- First Grand Jury— First Constables— First Innkeepers— Justice Districts-and Early Justices — First Deed and WUl— First Township Offlcers— Pub- lif Buildings- OfBcial Roster 131-142 CHAPTER v.— Internal Affairs.- Land Titles— Early Roads and Turnpikes- Teams and Teamsters— Canals— Railroads —Disastrous Floods— Early Mail Facili- ties-Population by Decades 143-154 CHAPTER VI.— Bench and Bar.— Dignity of the Law— Character of Earl.v Bench and Bar — Sketches of Resident Judges- Associate Judges— Prominent Attorneys — EarlyAttorney Fees— Celebrated Causes —Associations— List of Attorneys 155-193 PAGE. CHAPTER VII.-MEDicAL.-Importauce of Popular Education— Healthfulness of Beaver County— Epidemic Diseases- Sketches of Prominent Physicians— Medi- cal Society— List of Physicians 194-217 CHAPTER VIII. — Educational and Religious.- Necessity of Education- Primitive Schools— The Common School System of 1834— Text Books— Teachers' Conventions— Early Teachers— County Superintendency— Teachers' Institutes- Colleges— Moravian Missionaries— Presby- terians- Episcopalians-Methodists-Luth- erans— Baptists— United Brethren— Catho- lics—German Lutherans— Evangelical As- sociation—Methodist Protestants— Re- formed Presbyterians— Church of God- Christian Church— Colored Churches. .218-232 CHAPTER IX. — Popular Agitations AND Philanthropic Reforms.— Centri- fugal and Centripetal Forces— Radicalism and Conservatism— Politics— Temperance — Slavery— Anti-Masonic Excitement — The Famine in Ireland— Visit of Kossuth— Bible Society— Sunday-School Associa- tion 233-257 CHAPTER X.— The Industries of the County . — Mineral Resou rces -Oil— Natu- ral Gas— Agriculture and Agricultural Societies— Manufacturing 358-367 CHAPTER XI.— The Press. —The Art Pre- servative —First Newspaper in America — The Argus— Beaver Republican— Beaver River Gazette— Democratic Watchman^ The Aurora— The Star — Qlobe and Star — Beaver Times — FalMon and Briohton Oaze.tte — Beaver Valley News— The Tri- bune 268-284 CHAPTER XII.— Military.— War of 1812- Roster of Troops— The Mexican War- Texas Admitted as a State— Declaration of War and the Raising of Troops— David A. Mitchell 285-394 CHAPTER XIII.— Military (Continued). —The Conflict of 1861-65— "The People's Meeting"— The Meeting of April 33 — The Home Guards— The Jackson Grays — Loyalty of the Ladies — Military Officers— Regiments Represented by Bea- ver County Men- Roster ofTroops 295-373 CHAPTER XIV.—BeaverBobough.- Lo- cation and Origin— Laying out of the Town in 1792— Owners of Outlets- Sale of VI CONTENTS. PAGE. Lots in 1806— Samuel Johnston— Beaver Made the County Seat— Incorporation — Borough Adminstration— Business Condi- tion in 1837— Education— Banks— Water Worlis — Cemeteries — Secret Societies- Churches— Public Schools— Postmasters — Population 374-403 CHAPTER XV.— Beaver Palls Borough. Location and Importance— General Broad- head's Landed Interest— Chang:e of Name —Business Condition in 1841— Old Brigh- ton Laid Out — Incorporation — Postmas- ters — Education — Churches— Societies — Manufacturing— Banks, etc.- Street Rail- way 404^442 CHAPTEK XVI.— New Brighton Bor- ough.— Location— Early History— Bank of the United States— Business Condition in 1837— Building Operations— Education- Incorporation — Postmasters— Societies — Manufacturing— Banks— Water Works- Churches 443-468 CHAPTER XVIT.-Fallston Borough.— Location— Early Indian Trials- The First Settler— Location of the Townsends— Manufacturers —Education— Postmasters —Incorporation 471-475 CHAPTER XVIII. -ROCHESTER Borough. — Location — Railroad Facilities — Early Names— Harris' Description of Fairport— Incorporation —Business in 1841 — Boat Building — Early Citizens— Manufacturing and Business Activity— Hotels— Banks- Gas Companies — Cemeteries— Orphans' Home— Public Schools- Borough Officials — Postmasters- Churches— Societies.. . . 476-502 CHAPTER XIX — Bridgewater Bor- ough. —Location —Origin of Sharon- Major Robert Darragh — Aaron Burr's Boat Building -Sharon in 1837— In 1841— Incorporation of Bridgewater — Laying Out of the Town—Beaver Point— Bridge- water in 1841— Manufacturers— Hotels— Schools— Societies— Churches 503-513 CHAPTER XX. — Phillipsburg Bor- OUGH.— Location— Site Sold to Count de Leon — Named New Philadelphia — Disso- lution of the Society — Incorporation — Business Condition in 1841— Soldiers' Or- phan School — Manufactures — Societies — Churches —Schools — Postmasters — Popu- lation 514-525 CHAPTER XXL— BOROUGHS OE 1< REEDOM, St. Clair and BADEN.-JPreedom--OLoca- tion-Founding of the Town-Boat Build- ing— Incorporation — Condition in 184:1— Present Business Intereste-Postmasters — Education — Societies — Churches — fet . Ctoir— Location— Incorporation —Post9i- flce—Churoh— Baden— Looation—Desorip- tion—Postoffice— School and Churches. 526-5d3 CHAPTER XXII.-BOEOUGHS OF Dar- lington AND Glasgow.— Daflinqton— Location— Settlement— Laying out of the Town— Derivation of Name— Business In- terests— Incorporation— PostofBce and Postmasters— Greersburg Acad emj;— so- cieties— Churches— Gtogow- Location — Laying out of the Town— George Dawson —First Houses— Incorporation, etc.— Schools and Churches— Societies— Mis- cellaneous 5S4r-bi\) CHAPTER XXIIL— South Side Town- ships.— Origin of Beaver County— Erec- tion of Townships -Hanover Township— Fi-ankfortSprings— Harshaville— Kendall — Greene Township — Georgetown — Hookstown — Mill Creek Presbyterian Church— Raccoon Township—" Eudolpha Hall"— Moon Township— Hopewell Town- ship— Independence Township 550-578 CHAPTER XXIV.— West Side Town- ships.— Brighton Township — Borough Township— Vanport^Industry Township —Village of Industry— Ohio Township- Smith's Ferry— South Beaver Township— Chippewa Township — Patterson Town- ship—Big Beaver Township— Home wood New Galilee Borough— Darlington Town- ship—White Township 579-593 CHAPTER XXV.— East Side Townships. —Economy Township— Harmony Town- ship— Legionville— New Sewickley Town- ship— Pulaski Township— North Semck- ley Township— Marion Township— Frank- lin Township 593-608 CHAPTER XXVI.— Biographies.— TTest Side 609-745 CHAPTER XXVII.— Biographies.— East Side 745-823 CHAPTER XXVIII. — Biographies. — South Side 824r-908 MISCELLANEOUS. Attorneys Admitted, 1804 160 Phillipsburgh Soldiers' Orphan School 516 and 898 Beaver Natural History Museum 580 CONTENTS. Vll ILLUSTRATIONS. PORTKAITS. PAGE. Agnew, Daniel 45 Bradford, B.E -^9 Buchanan, John M 289 Buchanan, Joseph K 149 Chamberlin, B. B 109 Cooper. H 399 Cunningham, J. H 879 Dravo, JohnF 379 Elder, Matthew 369 Emerson, J. E 239 Fry, H. C 429 Gilliland, William, Sr 469 Harbison, Robert 479 Harrah, J. R 389 Harrold, Simon 571 Hartman, H. W 329 Henry, William 309 Hetchle, Tobias 499 Hice, Henry 169 Hoopes, Edward 129 Hurst, A. C 349 Jolly, A. J 359 JoUy.A.M 535 JolIy,.J. K opposite 604 Keiffer, Jacob 489 PAGE. Laoock, Abner 2r Lacock, A. P 219 Lawrence, Milton 99 Idttell, J. S 2G9 Mansfleld.I. F 409 Marks, James 419 Marquis, D. S 439 Myers, H. M 249 Nicholson, Thomas 189 Quay.M.S 119 Reeves, H. T 139 Rose, Walter A 459 Scott, John 339 Shallenberger, W. S 269 Spence, Edward 517 Stowe, Edwin H 179 Strobridge, Turner 449 Taylor, W. G 299 Thomson, A. R 199 Townsend, R 319 Wallace, Joseph 259 Whan, William opposite 588 Wilson,S. B 63 Wisener Mark, Sr 553 MISCELLANEOUS. Outline Map of Beaver County 9 View of Fort Mcintosh 82 £NON VALLEY f^TAJirHJN: G 1'' O ^x" c o :r'..:piNjLHSHEJl.I INTEODUOTORY. FiEST Settlers along the Delaavaee — William Penn — His Eaelv Difficulties — Dissensions in the Colony — Penn's Second Visit TO the Province — Accession of Governor Keit^ — French and Indian War — Franklin's Mission to England — The Boundary Line — Struggle for Independence — Convention of 1787 — Con- stitution of 1790 — "Whisky Insurrection — Stone Coal — Con- vention OF 1837 — Pennsylvania in the War of the Rebellion. THE region which is now known as Pennsylvania was, prior to the coming of Europeans, a vast forest, inhabited by its native Indians. The uncertain traditions which these people have preserved of them- selves have often been recorded, and their sad history since the advent of the white man, who practically assumed that they had no rights which Christians were bound to respect, is well known. Early in the seventeenth century the region watered by the Dela- ware river was visited by Dutch traders. Such was their success that ' posts were established and trade was kept up during some years. They did not seek to establish colonies for the cultivation of the soil, but limited themselves to the profitable exchange of commodities with the natives. They were followed by the Swedes, who established settlements alpng the river, and brought hither the habits of industry and thrift in which they had been reared at home. Between the Swedes and the Dutch arose conflicts of authority and hostilities which finally resulted in the subjugation of the former. The Dutch were in turn dispossessed by the diplomacy and arms of the aggressive English, who became masters of the territory along the Delaware in 1664. "William Penn became a trustee, and finally a part owner, of "West New Jersey, which was colonized by Quakers in 1675. To his father, Admiral Penn, was due, at his death, the sum of sixteen thousand pounds, for services rendered the EngUsh government. The son petitioned to Charles II. to grant him, in liquidation of this debt, a 2 12 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. tract of land in America, lying north of Maryland, bounded east by the Delaware river, on the west limited as Maryland, and northward to extend as far as plan table. The charter of King Charles II. was dated April 2, 1681, and other grants to lands south from the territory originally conveyed were pro- cured in 1682. Not being in readiness to go to his province during the first year, he dispatched three ship-loads of settlers, and with them sent his cousin, William Markham, to take formal possession of the country and act as deputy-governor. It is hardly necessary to say that these settlers were of the then proscribed sect of Quakers. Having made the necessary preparations and settled his affairs in England, Penn embarked on the ship " Welcome," in August, 1682, in company with a hundred planters, and set his prow toward the new world. He arrived at New Castle in October, and on the site of Phil- adelphia in November of that year. The arrival of Markham and Penn, with their colonists, on the west bank of the Delaware was the inauguration of a new regime there; that of the people who had never before enjoyed such a measure of self government. By reason of ignorance of the geography of this country the language of royal grants was often ambiguous, and sometimes the descriptions covered territory that had been previously granted. Conflicts of claims then arose that were sometimes difficult of settle- ment. Soon after his arrival Penn learned of such a conflict in the claims of himself and Lord Baltimore, and he visited the latter to adjust the matter if possible. In this he was not successful. Subse- quent attempts to negotiate also failed, and finally Penn proposed to pay Lord Baltimore for territory which he had already purchased from the crown. This Lord Baltimore refused, and soon afterward made forcible entry on the lands claimed, and drove off those who had pur- chased from Penn. The latter also learned that secret and ex-parte representations of the case had been made to the lords of the com- mittee of plantations in England, and he decided to return and defend his imperiled interests. He accordingly empowered the provincial council, of W'hich Thomas Lloyd was president, to act in his stead; commissioned Nicholas Moore, Wilham Welch, Wilham Wood, Eobert Turner and John Eckley provincial judges for two years; appointed Thomas Lloyd, James Claypole and Eobert Turner to sign land patents and warrants, and WiUiam Clark as justice of the peace for all the counties, and on. PENNSYLVANIA. 13 the 6th of June, 1684, sailed for England, Avhere his efforts were suc- cessful, though the boundary line was not definitely fixed till 1766. In his absence the affairs of his province exhibited the great need of his stroifg guiding hand to check abuses and direct the course of legislation in proper channels. lie had labored to place the government in the hands of the people, an idea most attractive in the abstract, and one which, were the entire population wise and just, would result fortunately; yet, in practice, he found to his sorrow the results most vexatious. The pro- prietor had not long been gone before troubles arose between the two houses of the legislature relative to promulgating the laws as not being in accordance with the requirements of the charter. Nicholas Moore, the chief justice, was impeached for irregularities in imposing fines and in other ways abusing his high trust. But though formally arraigned and directed to desist from exercising his functions, he successfully resisted the proceedings, and a final judgment Avas never obtained. Patrick Eobinson, clerk of the court, for refusing to produce the records in the trial of Moore, was voted a public enemy. These troubles in the government were the occasion of much grief to Penn, who wrote, naming a number of the most influential men in the colony, and beseeching them to unite in an endeavor to check further irregularities, declaring that they disgraced the province, "that their conduct had struck back hundreds, and was ten thousand pounds out of his way, and one hundred thousand pounds out of the country." In the latter part of the year 1686, seeing that the whole council was too unwieldy a body to exercise executive power, Penn determined to contract the number, and accordingly appointed Thomas Lloyd,, Nicholas Moore, James Claypole, Eobert Turner and John Eckley, any three of whom should constitute a quorum, to be commissioners of state to act for the proprietor. In place of Moore and Claypole^ , Arthur Cook and John Simcock were appointed. They were to com- pel the attendance of the council ; see that the two houses admit of no parley; to abrogate all laws except the fundamentals; to dismiss the assembly and call a new one; and finally he solemnly admonishes them: "Be most just, as in -the sight of the all-seeing, all-searching God." In a letter to these commissioners, he says : " Three things occur to me eminently: Pirst that you be watchful that none abuse the king, etc.; secondly, that you get the custom act revived as being the equalest and least offensive way to support the government; thirdly, that you retrieve the dignity of courts and sessions." 14 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. Thomas Lloyd acted as president of the council after the depar- ture of Penn. At his own request he was relieved, and Samuel Car- penter was appointed in his place, with Thomas Ellis as alternate. July 27, 1688, Penn commissioned John Elackwell, who was at that time in New England, and who possessed his esteem and con- fidence, to be lieutenant-governor. With the commission, the proprietor sent full instructions, chiefly by way of caution, the last one being : "Eule the meek meekly ; and those that will not be ruled, rule with authority." Though Lloyd had been relieved of power, he still remained in the council, probably because neither of the persons designated was willing to serve. Having seen the evils of a many-headed executive^ he had recommended the appointment of one person to exercise executive authority. It was in conformity with this advice that Blackwell was appointed. He met the assembly in March, 1689; but either his conceptions of business were arbitrary and imperious, or the assembly had become accustomed to great latitude and lax discipline; for the business had not proceeded far before the several branches of the government were at variance. Lloyd refused to give up the great seal, alleging that it had been given him for life. The governor, arbitrarily and without warrant of law, imprisoned officers of high rank, denied the validity of all laws passed by the assembly previous to his administration, and set on foot a pro- ject for organizing and equipping the militia, under the plea of threatened hostility of France. The assembly attempted to arrest his proceedings, but he shrewdly evaded their intents by organizing a party among the members, who persistently absented themselves. His reign was short, for in January, 1690, he left the colony and sailed away for England, whereupon the government again devolved upon the council, Thomas Lloyd, president. Penn had a high estimation of the talents and integrity of Blackwell, and adds, " He is in England and Ireland of great repute for ability, integrity and virtue." Penn's favor at court during the reign of James II. caused him to be suspected of disloyalty to the government when William and Mary had come to the throne. He was three times arraigned before the lords of the council, but was each time acquitted. He organized a large party of settlers for his colony, but a great accusation compelled him to abandon the voyage, and induced him to go into retirement for two or three years. His personal grievances in England were the least which he suf- fered. For lack of guiding influence, bitter dissensions had sprung up PENNSYLVANIA. 15 in his colon}', which threatened the loss of all. Desiring to secure peace, he had commissioned Thomas Lloyd, deputy-governor of the province, and William Markham, deputy-governor of the lower counties. Penn's grief on account of this division is disclosed in a letter to a friend in the province : " I left it to them to choose either the govern- ment of the council, five commissioners or a deputy. What could be tenderer ? Now I perceive Thomas Lloj'^d is chosen by the three upper, but not the three lower counties, and sits down with this broken choice. This has grieved and wounded me and mine, I fear to the hazard of all! * * * for else the governor of New York is like to have all, if he has it not already." But the troubles of Penn in America were not confined to civil affairs. His religious society was torn with dissension. George Keith, a man of considerable power in argumentation, but of over-weaning self-conceit, attacked the Friends for the laxity of their discipline, and drew off some followers. So venomous did he become that on the 20th of April, 1692, a testimony of denial was drawn up against him at a meeting of ministers, wherein he and his conduct were publicly dis- owned. This was confirmed at the next yearly meeting. He drew off large numbers and set up an independent society, who termed them- selves Christian Quakers. Keith appealed from this action of the American church to the yearl}"^ meeting in London, but was so intem- perate in speech that the action of the American church was 'con- firmed. Penn was silenced and thrown into retirement in England. It can be readily seen what an excellent opportunity these troubles in America, the separation in the government, and the schism in the church, gave his enemies to attack him. They represented that he had neglected his colony by remaining in England and meddling with matters in which he had no business ; that the colony in consequence had fallen into great disorder, and that he should be deprived of his proprietary rights. These complaints had so much weight with William and Mary, that, on the 21st of October, 1692, they commissioned Benjamin Fletcher, gov- ernor of New York, to take the province and territories under his gov- ernment. There was another motive operating at this time, more potent than those mentioned above, to induce the king and queen to put the government of Pennsylvania under the governor of New York. The French and Indians from the north were threatening the Enghsh. Already the expense for defense had become b.urdensome to New York. It was believed that to ask aid for the common defense from 16 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. Penn, Avitli his peace principles, would be fruitless, but that through the influence of Governor Fletcher, as executive, an appropriation might be secured. Through the kind offices of Lords Kochester, Eanelagh, Sidney and Soraers, the Duke of Buckingham and Sir John Trenchard, the king, was asked to hear the case of William Penn, against whom no charge was proven, and who would two yearsjjefore have gone to his colony had he not supposed that he would have bee,n thought to go in defiance of the government. King William answered that William Penn was his old acquaintance as well as theirs, that he might follow his busi- ness as freely as ever, and that he had nothing to say to him. Penn was accordingly reinstated in his government by letters patent dated on the 20th of August, 1694, whereupon he commissioned William Markham lieutenant-governor. Free from harassing persecutions at last, and in favor at court, Penn determined to remove with his family to Pennsylvania, and now with the expectation of living and dying here. Accordingly in July, 1699, he set sail, and, on account of adverse winds, was three months tossed about .upon the ocean. Great joy was everywhere manifested throughout the province at the arrival of the proprietor and his family, fondly believing that he had now come to stay. He met the assembly soon after landing, but, it being an inclement season, he only detained them long enough to pass two measures aimed against piracy and illicit trade, exaggerated reports of Avhich, having been spread broadcast through the kingdom, had caused him great uneasiness and vexation. In February, lYOl, he met the most renowned and powerful of the Indians chieftains, from the Potomac to the Onondagas of the Five Nations, and entered into a formal treaty of active friendship with them. Several' sessions of the legislature were held in which great har- mony prevailed, and much attention was given to revising and recom- posing the constitution. But in the midst of their labors for the improvement of the organic law, intelligence was brought to Penn that a bill had been introduced in the House of Lords for reducing all t]:e proprietary governments in America to regal ones, under pretense of advancing the prerogative of the crown, and the national advantage. Such of the owners of land in Pennsylvania as happened to be in England remonstrated against action upon the bill until Penn could return and be heard, and wrote to him urging his immediate coming hither. Though much to his disappointment and sorrow, he determined PENNSYLVANIA. 17 to go immediately thither. He promptly called a session of the assembly, and in his message to the two houses said, " * * * review again your laws, propose new ones, and you will find me ready to comply with whatsoever may render us happy, by a nearer union of our interests." The assembly returned a suitable response, and then proceeded to draw up twenty-one articles. The first related to the appointment of a lieutenant-governor. Penn proposed that the assembly should choose one. But this they declined, preferring that he should appoint one. Little trouble was experienced in settling everything broached, except the union of the province and lower counties. Penn used his best endeavors to reconcile them to the union, but without avail. The new constitution was adopted on the 28th of October, 1701. The instrument provided for the union, but in a supplementary article, evidently granted with great reluctance, it was provided that the province and the territories might be separated at any time within three years. As his last act before leaving, he pre- sented the city of Philadelphia, now grown to be a considerable place, and always an object of his affectionate regard, with a charter of privileges. As his deputy, he appointed Andrew Hamilton, one of the proprietors of East New Jersey, and sometime governor of both East and "West Jersey ; and for secretary of the province and clerk of the council, he selected James Logan, a man of singular urbanity and strength of mind, and withal a scholar. Penn set sail for Europe on the 1st of ISTovember, 1701. Soon after his arrival, on the 18th of January, 1702, King William died, and Anne of Denmark succeeded him. Governor Hamilton's administration continued only till Decem- ber, 1702, when he died. He was earnest in his endeavors to induce the territories to unite with the province, they having as yet not accepted the new charter, alleging that they had three years in which to make their decision, but without success. He also organized a mili- tary force, of which George Lowther was cojnmander, for the safety of the colony. The executive authority now devolved upon the council, of Avhich Edward Shippen was president. Conflict of authority, and contention over the due interpretation of some provisions of the new charter, prevented the accomplishment of much, by way of legislation, in the assembly which convened in 1703 ; though in this body it was finally determined that the lower counties should thereafter act separately in a legislative capacity. The separation proved final, the two bodies never again meeting in common. 18 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. Though the bill to govern the American colonies by regal author- ity failed, yet the clamor of those opposed to the proprietary gover- nors was so strong, that an act was finally passed requiring the selection of deputies to have the royal assent. Hence, in choosing a successor to Hamilton, he was obliged to consider the queen's wishes. John Evans, a man of parts, of Welsh extraction, only twenty-six years old, a member of the queen's household, and not a Quaker, nor even of exemplary morals, was appointed, who arrived in the colony in December, 1Y03. He was accompanied by "William Penn, Jr., who was elected a member of the council, the number having been increased by authority of the governor, probably with a view to his election. The first care of Evans was to unite the province and lower coun- ties, though the final separation had been agreed to. He presented the matter so well that the lower counties, from which the diificulty had always come, were willing to return to a firm union. But now the provincial assembly, having become impatient of the obstacles thrown in the way of legislation by the delegates from these counties, was unwilling to receive them. They henceforward remained separate in a legislative capacity, though still a part of Pennsylvania, imder the claim of Penn, and ruled by the same governor, and thus they con- tinued until the 20th of September, 1776, when a constitution was adopted, and they were proclaimed a separate state under the name of Delaware. During two years of the government of Evans, there was ceaseless discord between the council, headed by the governor and Sec- retary Logan on the one side, and the assembly led by David Lloyd, its speaker, on the other, and little legislation was effected. In conjunction with the legislature of the lower counties, Evans was instrumental in having a law passed for the imposition of a tax on the tonnage of the river, and the erection of a fort near the town of New Castle for compelling obedience. This was in direct violation of the fundamental compact, and vexatious to commerce. It was at length forcibly resisted, and its imposition abandoned. His administration was anything but efficient or peaceful, a series of contentions, of charges and counter-charges, having been kept up between the leaders of the two factions, Lloyd and Logan, which he was powerless to properly direct or control. He Was relieved in 1709. The experience with Governor Evans led the proprietor to select a more sedate character in his successor. After considerino- the candi- dature of his son for a time the founder finally selected Charles Gookin, who was reputed to be a man of wisdom and prudence, though, as was PENNSYLVANIA. 19 afterward learned to the sorrow of the colony, he was subject to fits of derangement, which toward the close of his term were exhibited in the most extravagant acts Pie had scarcely arrived in the colony before charges were prepared against the late governor, and he was asked to institute criminal proceedings, which he declined. This was the occasion of a renewal of contentions between the governor and his council and the assembly, which continued during the greater part of his administration. In the midst of them, Logan, who was at the head of the council, having demanded a trial of the charges against him, and failed to secure one, sailed for Europe, where he presented the difficulties experienced in administering the government so strongly, that Penn was seriously inclined to sell his interest in the colony. He had already greatly crippled his estate by expenses he had incurred in making costly presents to the natives, and in settling his colony, for which he had received small return. In the year 1707, he had become involved in a suit in chancery with the executors of his former steward, in the course of which he was confined in the Old Bailey during this and a part of the following year, when he was obliged to mortgage his colony in the sum of £6,600 to relieve himself. Foreseeing the great consequence it would be to the crown to buy the rights of the proprietors of the several English colonies in America before they would grow too powerful, negotiations had been entered into early in the reign of "William and Mary for their purchase, especially the " fine province of Mr. Penn." Borne down by these troubles and by debts and litigations at home, Penn seriously entertained the pr'oposi- tion to sell in 1712, and offered it for £20,000. The sum of £12,000 was offered on the part of the crown, which was agreed upon, but before the necessary papers were executed, he was stricken down with apoplexy, by which he was incapacitated for transacting any business, and a stay was put to further proceedings until the queen should order an act of parliament for consummating the purchase. A year before the death of Penn, the lunacy of Governor Gopkin having become troublesome, he was succeeded in the government by Sir William Keith, a Scotchman, who had served as surveyor of cus- toms to the English government, in which capacity he had visited Pennsylvania previously, and knew something of its condition. He was a man of dignified and commanding bearing, endowed with cun- ning, of an accommodating policy, full of faithful promises, and usually found upon the stronger side. Hence, upon his arrival in the colony, he did not summon the assembly immediately, assigning as a reason in 20 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. his first message that he did not wish to inconvenience the country members by calling them in harvest time. The disposition thus mani- fested to favor the people, and his advocacy of popular rights on se-r- eral occasions in opposition to the claims of the proprietor, gave great satisfaction to the popular branch of the legislature, which manifested its appreciation of his conduct by voting him hberal salaries, which had often been withheld from his less accommodating predecessors. By his artful and insinuating policy, he induced the assembly to pass two acts which had previously met with uncompromising opposition — one to estabhsh a court of equity, with himself as chancellor, the want of which had been seriously felt; and another for organizing the mihtia. Though the soil was fruitful and produce was plentiful, yet, for lack of good markets, and on account of the meagerness of the circu- lating medium, prices were very low, the toil and sweat of the hus- bandman being little rewarded, and the taxes and payments on land were met with great difficulty. Accordingly, arrangements were made for the appointment of inspectors of provisions, who, from a conscientious discharge of duty, soon caused the Pennsylvania brands of best products to be much sought for, and to command ready sale at highest prices in the West Indies, whither most of the surplus produce was exported. A provision AVas also made for the issue of a limited amount of paper money, on the establishment of ample securities, which tended to raise the value of the products of the soil and of manufactures, and encourage industry. Though Governor Keith, during the early part of his term, pur- sued a pacific policy, yet the interminable quarrels which had been kept up between the assembly and council during previous administra- tions, at length 'broke out with more virulence than ever, and he who in the first flush of power had declared " that he should pass no laws, nor transact anything of moment relating to the public affairs, with- out the advice and approbation of the council," took it upon himself finally to act independently of the council, and even went so far as to dismiss the able and trusted representative of the proprietary interests, James Logan, president of the council and secretary of the province, from the duties of his high office, and even refused the request of Hannah Penn, the real governor of the province, to re-instate him. This unwarrantable conduct cost him his dismissal from office in July, 1726. Upon the recommendation of Springett Penn, who was now the prospective heir to Pennsylvania, Patrick Gordon was appointed and PENNSYLVANIA. 21 confirmed lieutenant-governor in place of Keitli. and arrived in the colon\' and assumed authority in July, 1726. He had served in the army, and in his first address to the assembly, which he met in August, he said that as he had been a soldier, he kne\V nothing of the crooked ways of professed politicians, and must rely on a straightforward manner of transacting the duties devolving upon him. George I. died in June, 1727, and ,the assemblv at its meeting in October prepared and forwarded a congratulatory address to his successor, George II. By the decision of the court in cliancery in 1727, Hannah Penn's authority over the colony was at an end, the proprietary'- interest having descended to John, Richard and Thomas Penn, the only sur- viving sons of William Penn, Sr. This period, from the death of Penn, in 1718, to 1727, one of the most prosperous in the history of the colony, was familiarly known as the " Reign of Hannah and the Boys." In 1732 Thomas Penn, the j'oungest son, and two years later, John Penn, the eldest, and the only American born, arrived in the province, and were received with every mark of respect and satisfaction. Soon after the arrival of the latter, news was brought that Lord Baltimore had made application to have the provinces transferrfed to his colony. A vigorous protest was made against this by Quakers m England, headed by Richard Penn; but lest this protest might prove ineffectual, John Penn very soon went to England to defend the proprietary rights at court, and never again returned, he having died a bachelor in 1746. In August, 1736, Governor Gordon died, deeply lamented as an honest, upright and straightforward executive, a character which he expressed the hope he would be able to maintain when he assiimed authority. His term had been one of prosperity, and the colony had grown rap- idly in numbers, trade, commerce and manufactures, ship-building especially having assumed extensive proportions. James Logan was president of the council, a,nd in effect governor during the two years which elapsed between the death of Gordon and the arrival of his successor. During this period troubles broke out on the Maryland border, west of the Susquehanna. The question of boundary was involved in these difficulties, but the troubles were quelled by an order of the king and council. George Thomas, a planter from the West Indies, was appointed governor in 1737, but did not arrive in the colony till the following year. His intercourse with the assembly was not at first harmonious, but became more so on his relinquishment of the coercive policy which he at first adopted. After the death of John Penn, the eldest of the 22 HISTORY OF BEAVER COUNTY. proprietors, he retired from the duties of his office because of declin- ing health. Anthony Palmer was president of the council at the time of the withdrawal of Thomas, and became acting-governor. He continued at the head of the government about two years. He was a wealthy retired merchant from the West Indies, and had come into the colony in 1Y08. On the 23d of JSTovember, 1748, James Hamilton arrived in the colony from England, bearing the commission of lieutenant-governor. He was born in America, son of Andrew Hamilton, who had for many years been speaker of the assembly. The Indians west of the Susque- hanna had complained that settlers had come upon their best lands, and were acquiring titles to them, whereas the proprietors had never pur- chased these lands of them and had no claim to them. The first care of Hamilton was to settle these disputes, and allay the rising excitement of the natives. Eichard Peters, secretary of the colony, a man of great pru- dence and ability, was sent in companj^ with the Indian interpreter, Con- rad Weiser, to remove the intruders. It was firmly and fearlessly done, the settlers giving up their tracts and the cabins which they had built, and accepting lands on the east side of the river. The hardship was, in many cases, great, but when they were in actual need the secretary gave money and placed them on lands of his own, having secured a tract of two millions of acres. But these troubles were of small consequence compared with those that were threatening from the West. The French were determined to occupy the whole territory drained by the Mississippi, including that on the Ohio, by force of arms, and a body of one hundred and fifty men, of which Washington was second in command, was sent to the support of the settlers there; but the French having the Allegheny river at flood-tide on which to move, and Washington,, without means of trans- portation, having a rugged and mountainous country to overcome, the former fii'st reached the point of destination. Contracoeur, the French commander, with 1,000 men and field pieces on a fleet of sixty boats and 300 canoes, dropped down the Allegheny and easily seized the fort then being constructed by the Ohio Company at its mouth, and pro- ceeded to erect there an elaborate work which he called Fort Du Quesne after the governor-general. Informed of this proceeding, Washington pushed forward, and finding that a detachment of the French was in his immediate neighborhood, he made a forced march by night, and coming upon them unawares killed and captured the entire party' save PENNSYLVANIA. 23 one. Ten of the French, including their commander, Jumonville, Avere killed, and twenty-one made prisoners. Col. Fry, the commander of the Americans, died at Will's Creek, where the command devolved on Washington. Though reenforcements had been dispatched from the several colonies in response to the urgent appeals of Washington, none reached him but one company of 100 men under Capt. Mackay from South Carolina. Knowing that he war. confronting a vastly superior force of the French, well supplied with artillery, he threw up works at a point called the Great Meadows, which he characterizes as a "charm- ing field for an encounter, " naming his hastily built fortification Fort Necessity. Stung by the loss of their leader, the French came out in strong force and soon invested the place. Unfortunately one part of Washington's position was easily commanded by the artillery of the French, which they were not slow in taking advantage of. The action opened on the 3d of July, and was continued until late at night. A capitulation was proposed by the French commander, which Washing- ton reluctantly accepted, seeing all hopes of reenforcements reaching him cut off, and on the 4:th of July marched out with the honors of war, and fell back to Fort Cumberland. Governor Hamilton had strongly recommended, before hostilities opened, that the assembly should provide for defense and establish a line of block-houses along the frontier. But the assembly, while will- ing to vote money for bujung peace from the Indians, and contribu- tions to the British crown, from which protection was claimed, was unwilling to contribute directly for even defensive warfare. In a single year £8,000 were voted to Indian gratuities. The proprietors were appealed to to aid in bearing this burden. But, while they were willing to contribute liberally for defense, they would give nothing for Indian gratuities. They sent to the colony cannons to the value of £400. In February 1753, John Penn, grandson of the founder, son of Eichard, arrived in the colony, and as a mark of respect was immedi- ately chosen a member of the council, and made its president. In con- sequence of the defeat of Washington at Fort Necessity, Governor Hamilton convened the assembly in extra session on the 6th of August, at which money was freely voted ; but owing to the instructions given by the proprietors to their deputy-governor not to sign any money bill that did not place the whole of the interest at their disposal, the action of the assembly was abortive. Finding himself in a false position by the repugnant instructions 24 HISTOEY OF BEAVER COimTT. of the proprietors, Governor Hamilton had given notice in 1753, that at the end of twelve months from its reception, he would resign. Accordingly, in October, 175i, he was succeeded by Eobert Hunter Morris, son of Lewis Morris, chief justice of New York and JSTew Jersey, and governor of N"ew Jersey. The son was bred a lawyer, and was for twenty-six years a counsellor, and, for twenty, chief justice of New Jersey. The assembly, at its first session, voted a money bill for £4:0,000, but not having the proviso required by the proprietors, it was vetoed. Determined to push military operations, the Brit- ish government had called early in the year for three thousand vol- unteers from Pennsylvania, with subsistence, camp equipage and transportation, and had sent two regiments of the line, under General Braddock, from Cork, Ireland. Landing at Alexandria, Va., he marched to Frederick, Md., where, finding no supplies of transporta- tion, he halted. The assembly of Pennsylvania had voted to borrow £5,000, on its own account, for the use of the crown in prosecuting the campaign, and had sent Franklin, who was then postmaster- general for the colonies, to Braddock to aid in prosecuting the expe- dition. Finding that the army was stopped for lack of transportation, Franklin returned into Pennsylvania, and by his commanding influ- ence, soon secured the necessar}^ wagons and beasts of burden. Braddock had formed extravagant plans for his campaign. He would march forward and reduce Fort Du Quesne, thence proceed against Fort Niagara, which, having conquered, he would close a season of triumphs by the capture of Fort Frontignac. But this is not the first time in Avarfare that the result of a campaign has failed to realize the promises of the manifesto. Accustomed to the discipline of miUtary establishments in old, long-settled countries, Braddock had little conception of making war in a wilderness with only Indian trails to move upon, and against wily savages. Washington had advised to push forward with pack-horses, and by rapidity of movement forestall ample preparation. But Braddock had but one way of soldiering, and where roads did not exist for wagons he stopped to fell the forest and con- struct bridges over streams. The French, who were kept advised of every movement, made ample preparations to receive him. In the meantime Washington fell sick ; but intent on being up for the battle, he hastened forward as soon as sufficiently recovered, and only joined the army on the day before the fatal engagement. He had never seen much of the pomp and circumstance of war, and, when on the morning of the 9th of July, the army of Braddock marched on across the Monongahela, PENNSYLVANIA. 25 with gay colors flying and martial music awakening the echoes of the forest, he was accustomed in after years to speak of it as the "most magnificent spectacle" that ht had ever beheld. But the gay pageant was destined to be of short duration; for the array had only marched a little distance before it fell into an ambuscade skillfully laid by the French and Indians, and the forest resounded with the unearthly whoop of the Indians, and the continuous roar of musketry. The advance was checked and thrown into confusion by the French from their well-chosen position, and every tree upon the flanks of the long drawn out line concealed a murderous foe, who with unerrino' aim picked off the officers. A resolute defense was made and the battle raged with great fury for three hours ; but the fire of the English was ineffectual because directed against an invisible foe. Finally, the mounted officers having all fallen, killed or wounded, except Washing- ton, the survivors, being left without leaders, were seized with a panic, and "they ran," says "Washington, "before the French and Indians like sheep before dogs." Governor Morris made an earnest appeal to the assembly for money to ward off the impending enemy and protect the settlers, in response to Avhich the assembly voted £50,000 ; but having no exemp- tion of the proprietor's estates, it was rejected by the governor, in accordance with his original instructions. Expeditions undertaken against Nova Scotia and at Crown Point were more fortunate than that before Du Quesne, and the assembly voted £15,000 in bills of credit to aid in defraying the expense. The proprietors sent £5,000 as a gratuity, not as any part of expense that could of right be claimed of them. In this pressing emergency, while the governor and assembly were waging a fruitless war of words over money bills, the pen of Franklin was busy in infusing a wholesome sentiment in the minds of the people. In a pamphlet that he issued, which he put in the familiar form of a dialogue, he answered the objections which had been urged to a legalized militia, and willing to show his devotion by deeds as well as words, he accepted the command upon the frontier. By his exertions a respectable force was raised, and, though in the dead of winter, he commenced the erection of a line of forts and block-houses along the whole range of the Kittatinny hills, from the Delaware to- the Potomac, and had them completed and garrisoned with a body sufficient to withstand any force not provided with artillery. In the spring he turned over the command to Col. Clapham, and returning tO' 26 HISTORY OF BEAVEB COUNTY. Philadelphia took his seat in the assembly. The governor now declared war against the Indians, who had established their head- quarters thirty miles above Harris' Ferry, on the Susquehanna, and were busy in their work of robbery and devastation, having secured the greater portion of the crops of the previous season of the settlers whom they had killed or driven out. The peace party strongly objected to the course of the governor, and voluntarily going among the Indians induced them to bury the hatchet. The assembly which met in May, 1756, prepared a bill with the old clause for taxing the proprietors, as any other citizens, which the governor was forbidden to approve by his instructions, "and the two parties were sharpening their wits for another wrangle over it," when Governor Morris was superseded by William Denny, who arrived in the colony and assumed authority on the 20th of August, 1756. He was joyfully and cordially received, escorted through the streets by the regiments of Franklin and Duche, and royally feasted at the State House. But the promise of efficient legislation was broken by an exhibi- tion of the new governor's instructions, which provided that every bill for the emission of money must place the proceeds at the joint disposal of the governor and assembly ; paper currency could not be issued in excess of £40,000, nor could existing issues be confirmed unless pro- prietary rents were paid in sterling money ; proprietary lands were permitted to be taxed which had been actually leased, provided that the taxes were paid out of the rents, but the tax could not become a lien upon the land. In the first assembly, the contention became as acrimonious as ever. The finances of the colony, on account of the repeated failures of the money bills, were in a deplorable condition. Military operations could not be carried on, and vigorous campaigns prosecuted, without ready money. Accordingly, in the first meeting of the assembly after the arrival of the new governor, a bill was passed levying £100,000 on all property alike, real and personal, private and proprie- tary. This Governor Denny vetoed. Seeing that money must be had, the assembly finally passed a bill exempting the proprietary estates, but deternined to lay their grievances before the crown. To this end, two commissioners were appointed, Isaac JSTorris and Benja- min Franklin, to proceed to England and beg the interference of the royal government in their behalf. Failing health and business engacre- ments of Norris prevented his acceptance, and Franklin proceed^ed alone. He had so often defended the assembly in pubhc, and in draw- ing remonstrances, that the whole subject was at his fingers' end^ HEK ILACOClSo PENNSYLVANIA. 29 Franklin, upon his arrival in England, presented the grievances before the proprietors, and, that he might get his case before the royal advisers and the British public, wrote frequent articles for the press, and issued a pamphlet entitled " Historical Review of the Constitution and Government of Penn^lvania." The dispute was adroitly man aged by Franklin before the privy council, and was finally decided substantially in the interest of the assembly. It was provided that the proprietors' estates should be taxed, but that their located unculti- vated lands should be assessed as low as the lowest uncultivated lands of the settlers; that bills issued by the assembly should be receiv- able in payment of quit-rents, and that the deputy governor should have a voice in disposing of the revenues. Thus was a vexed question of long standing finally put to rest. So successfully had Franklin managed this controversy that the colonies of Massachusetts, Mary- land and Georgia appointed him their agent in England. In October, 1Y59, James Hamilton was again appointed governor, in place of Governor Denny, who had by stress of circumstances tran- scended his instructions. The British government, considering that the colonies had borne more than their proportionate expense in carry- ing on the war against the French and Indians, voted £200,000 for five years, to be divided among the colonies, the share falling to Penn- sylvania being £26,000. The boundary line between Maryland and Pennsylvania had long been in dispute, and had occasioned serious disturbances among the set- tlers in the lifetime of Penn, and repeatedly since. It wsls not definitely settled until 1Y60, when a beginning was made of a final adjustment, though so intricate were the conditions that the work was prosecuted for seven years by a large force of surveyors, as men and pioneers. Finally, the proprietors, Thomas and Eichard Penn, and Frederick, Lord Baltimore, entered into an agreement for the execut- ing of the survey, and John Lukens and Archibald McLean on the part of the Penns, and Thomas Garnett and Jonathan Hall on the part of Lord Baltimore, were appointed with a suitable corps of assistants to lay off the lines. After these surveyors had been three years at work, the proprietors in England, thinking that there was not enough energy and practical and scientific knowledge manifested by these sur- veyors, appointed Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon, two mathema- ticians and surveyors, to proceed to America to take charge of the work. They brought with them the most perfect and best constructed instruments known to science, arriving in Philadelphia on the 15th of 8 30 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. ISTovember, 1763, and, assisted by some of the old surveyors, entered upon their work. By the 4th of June, 1166, they had reached the summit of the Little Allegheny, when the Indians began to be trouble- some. They looked with an evil eye on the mathematical and astro- nomical instruments, and felt a secret dread and fear of the conse- quences of the frequent and long-continued peering into the heavens. The Six Nations were understood to be inimical to the further progress of the survey. But through the influence of Sir William Johnson a treaty was concluded, providing for the prosecution of the work unmolested, and a number of chieftains was sent to accompany the surveying party. Mason and Dixon now had with them thirty surveyors, fifteen axmen, and fifteen Indians of consequence. Again the attitude of the Indians gave cause of fear, and, on the 29th of September, twenty-six of the surveyors abandoned the expedition and returned to Philadelphia. Having reached a point two hundred and twenty-four miles from the Delaware, and within thirty-six miles of the western limit of the state, in the bottom of a deep, dark valley they came upon a well-worn Indian path, and here the Indians gave notice that it was the will of the Six Nations that this survey proceed no further. There was no questioning this authority, and no means at command for resisting, and accordingly the party broke up and returned to Philadelphia. And this was the end of the labors of Mason and Dixon upon this boundary. The line was marked by stones which were quarried and engraved in England, on one side having the arms of Penn, and on the opposite those of Lord Baltimore. These stones were firmly set every five miles. At the end of each intermed- iate mile a smaller stone was placed, having on one side engraved the letter P., and on the opposite the letter M. The remainder of the line was finished and marked in 1782-84 by other surveyors. A vista was cut through the forest eight yards in width the whole distance. In 1849 the stone at the northeast corner of Maryland having been removed, a re-survey of the line was ordered, and surveyors were appointed by the three states of Pennsylvania, DelaVare and Mary- land, who called to their aid James D. Graham. Some few errors were discovered in the old survey, but in the main it was found to be accurate. John Penn, one son of Richard, and grandson of the founder, had come to the colony in 1753, and having acted as president of the cuncil, was, in 1763, commissioned governor in place of Hamilton. A difference having arisen between the governor and assembly on PENNSYLVANIA. 31 the vexed question of levying money, the assembly passed a series of resolutions advocating that the " powers of government ought to be separated from the power attending the immense proprietary property, and lodged in the hands of the king." After an interval of fifty days — that time for reflection and discussion might be given — the assembly again convened, and adopted a petition praying the king to assume the direct government of the province, though this policy was strongly opposed by some of the ablest members, as Isaac Norris and John Dickinson. The Quaker element was generally in favor of the change. The great struggle for the independence of the colonies of the British crown was now close at hand, and the first sounds of the con- troversy were beginning to- be heard. Sir William Keith, that enter- prising governor whose head seemed to have been full of new projects, as early as 1739 had proposed to lay a uniform tax on stamped paper in all the colonies, to realize funds for the common defense. Acting upon this hint, Grenville, the British Minister, notified the Colonists in 1T63 of his purpose to impose such a tax. Against this they remon- strated. Instead of this, a tax on imports, to be paid in coin, was adopted. This was even more distasteful. The assembly of Rhode Island, in October, 1765, submitted a paper to all the coloniar assem blies, with a view to uniting in a common petition to the king against parliamentary taxation. This was favorably acted on by the assembly of Pennsylvania, and Franklin was appointed agent to represent their cause before the British parliament. The stamp act had been passed on the 22d of March, 1765. Its passage excited bitter opposition, and a resolution, asserting that the colonial assemblies had the exclusive right to levy taxes, was passed by the Virginia assembly, and concurred in by all the others. The Massachusetts assembly proposed a meeting of delegates in New York on the second Tuesday of October, 1765, to con- fer upon the subject. The Pennsylvania assembly adopted the sug- gestion, and appointed Messrs. Fox, Morton, Bryan and Dickinson as delegates. This congress met according to the call and adopted a respectful petition to the king, and a memorial to parliament, which were signed by all the members and forwarded for presentation by the colonial agents in England. The stamp act was to go into effect on the 1st of November. On the last day of October, the newspapers were dressed in mourning, and suspended publication. The publishers agreed not to use the stamped paper. The people, as with one mind, determined to dress in homespun, resolved not to use imported goods, and to stimulate the production of wool the colonists covenanted not to 33 HISTOEY OE BEAVEK COUNTY. eat lamb for the space of one year. The result of this policy was soon felt by British manufacturers, Avho became clamorous for repeal of the obnoxious measure, and it was accordingly repealed on the 18th of March, 1Y66. Determined in some form to draw a revenue from the colonies, an act was passed in 1Y67 to lay a duty on tea, paper, printers' colors and glass. The assembly of Pennsylvania passed a resolution on the 20th of February, 1768, instructing its agent in London to urge its repeal, and at the session in May received and entered upon its minutes a circular letter from the Massachusetts assembly, setting forth the grounds on which objection to the act should be urged. This circular occasioned hostOe feeling among the ministry, and the secretary for foreign affairs wrote to Governor Penn to urge the assembly to take no notice of it ; but if they approved its sentiments, to prorogue their sittings. This letter was transmitted to the assembly, and soon after one from the Virginia assembly was presented, urging union of all the colonies in opposing the several schemes of taxation. This recommendation was adopted, and committees appointed to draw a petition to the king and to each of the houses of parliament. To lead public sentiment, and have it well grounded in the arguments used against taxation, John Dickinson, one of the ablest of the Pennsylvania legislators, at this time published a number of articles purporting to come from a plain farmer, under the title of "Farmer's Letters," which became popular, the idea that they were the work of one in humble life helping to swell the tide of popularity. They were republished in all the colonies, and xerted as commanding influence. Alarmed at the unanimity of feelings against the proposed schemes, and supposing that it was the amount of the tax that gave offense, parliament reduced the rate of 1769 to one-sixth of the original sum, and in 1770 abolished it altogether, except threepence a pound on tea. But it was the principle and not tbe amount that was objected to, and at the next session of the assembly in Pennsylvania, their agent in London was directed to urge its repeal alto- gether. Eichard Penn, son of the founder, died in 1771, whereupon Gover- nor John Penn returned to England, leaving the president of the coun- cil, James Hamilton, at the head of the government. John Penn eld- est son of Richard, succeeded to the proprietary interests of his father, which he held in conjunction with his uncle, Thomas, and in October of the same year, Pichard, the second son, was commissioned governor. He held the office but about two years, and in that time won the confi- PENNSYLVANIA.. 33 dence and esteem of the people, and so much attached was he to the popular cause, that upon his return to England, in 1775, he was intrusted by congress with the last })etition of the colonies ever presented to the king. In August, 1773, John Penn returned with the commission of governor, superseding his brother Richard. To encourage the sale of tea in the colonies, and establish the prin- ciple of taxation, the export duty was removed. The colonies took the alarm. At a public meeting called in Philadelphia to consider the sub- ject, on the IStli of October, 1773, resolutions were adopted in which it was declared: "That the disposal of their own property is the inherent right of freemen ; that there can be no property in that which another can, of right, take from us without our consent ; that the claim of parliament to tax America is, in other words, a claim of right to levy contributions on us at pleasure." The East India Company now made preparations for sending large importations of tea into the colonies. The ships destined for Philadelphia and 'New York, on approaching port, and being advised of the exasperated state of public feeling, returned to England with their cargoes. Those sent to Boston came into the harbor ; but at night a party disguised as Mohawk Indians boarded the vessels, and breaking open the packages, emptied three hundred chests into the sea. The ministry, on being apprised of this act, closed the port of Boston, and subverted the colonial charter. Earh' in the year, committees of correspondence had been established in all the colonies by means of which the temper and feeling in each were well understood by the others, and concert of action was secured. The hard conditions imposed on the town of Boston and the colony of Massachussetts Bay, aroused the sympathy of all; "for," they argued, " we know not how soon the heavy hand of oppression may be felt by any of us." At a meeting held in Philadelphia on the 18th of June, 1774; at which nearly eight thousand people were convened, it was decided that a continental congress ought to be held, and appointed a com- mittee of correspondence to communicate with similar committees in the several counties of Pennsylvania, and in the several colonies. On the 15th of July, 1774, delegates from all the counties, summoned by this committee, assembled in Philadelphia, and declared that there existed an absolute necessity for a colonial congress. They accordingly recommended that the assembly appoint delegates to such a congress, to represent Pennsylvania, and Joseph Galloway, Samuel Eboads, George Eoss, Edward Biddle, John Dickinson, Charles Humphries and Thomas Mifllin were appointed. 34 HISTORY OF BEAVBE COUNTY. On the 4th of September, 17Y4, the first continental congress as- sembled in Philadelphia. Peyton Kandolph, of Virginia, was called to preside, and Charles Thomson, of Pennsylvania was appointed secretary. It was resolved that no more goods be imported from Eng- land, and that, unless a pacification was effected previously, no more colonial produce of the soil be exported thither after September 10, 1Y75. A declaration of rights was adopted, and addresses to the king, the people of Great Britain and of British America Avere agreed to, after which the congress adjourned to meet again on the 10th of May, 1775. In January, 1775, another meeting of the county delegates was held in Philadelphia, at which the action of the colonial congress was approved, and, while a restoration of harmony with the mother coun- try was desired, yet if the arbitrary acts of parliament were persisted in, they would at every hazard defend the " rights and liberties of America." The delegates appointed to represent the colony in the second congress were Mifiiin, Humphries, Biddle, Dickinson, Morton, Franklin, Wilson and Willing. The government of Great Britain had determined with a strong hand to compel obedience to its behests. On the 19th of April, 1775, was fought the battle of Lexington, a blow that was felt alike through all the colonies. The cause of one was the cause of all. A ])ublic meeting was held in Philadelphia, at which it was resolved to organ- ize military companies in all the counties. The assembly heartily sec- onded these views, and engaged to provide for the pay of the militia while in service. The second congress, which met in May, provided for organizing a Continental army, fixing the quota for Pennsylvania at 4,300 men. The assembly adopted the recommendation of con- gress, provided for arming, disciplining and paying the militia, recom- mended the organizing of minutemen for service in an emergency, made appropriations for the defense of the city, and offered a premium on the production of saltpetre. Complications hourly thickened. Ticon- deroga was captured on the 10th of May, and the battle of Bunker Hill was fought on the 17th of June. On the 15th of June George Washington was appointed commander-in-chief of the Continental army, supported by four ma,^or-generals and eight brigadiers. The royal governors were now an incumbrance greatly in the way of the popular movement, as were also the assemblies where they refused to represent the popular will. Accordingly, Congress recom- mended that the several colonies should adopt such government as PENNSYLVANIA. 35 should " best conduce to the happiness and safety of their constitu- ents in particular and America in general." This meant that each col- ony should set up a government for itself, independent of the crown. Accordingly, a public meeting was held in Philadelphia, at which it was resolved that the present assembly is "not competent to the pres- ent exigencies of affairs," and that a new form of government ought to be adopted as recommended by congress. The city committee of correspondence called on the county committees to secure the election of delegates to a colonial meeting for the purpose of considering this subject. On the 18th of June, the meeting was held in Philadelphia, and was organized by electing Thomas McKean president. It resolved to call a convention to frame a new constitution, provided the legal forms to be observed, and issued an address to the people. The convention for framing a new constitution for the colony met, on the 15th of July, and was organized by electing Franklin president and on the 28th of September completed its labors, having framed a new organic law and made all necessary provisions for putting it into operation. In the meantime the old proprietary assembly adjourned on the 14th of June to the 26th of August. But a quorum failed to appear, and an adjournment was had to the 23d of September, when some routine business was attended to, chiefly providing for the pay- ment of salaries and necessary bills, and on the 28th of September, after a stormy existence of nearly a century, this assembly, the creature of Penn, adjourned, never to meet again. With the ending of the assembly, ended the power of Governor Penn. The titles of the proprietors to landed estates were suspended by the action of the convention, and on the 2Yth of November, 1YT9, the legislature passed an act vesting these estates in the commonwealth, but paying the proprietors a gratuity of £130,000, "in remembrance of the enterprising spirit of the founder." This act did not touch the private estates of the proprietors, nor the tenths of manors. The Brit- ish government, in 1790, in consideration of the fact that it had been unable to vindicate its authority over the colony and afford protection to the proprietors inthe enjoyment of their chartered, rights voted an annuitv of £4,000 to the heirs and descendants of Penn. This annuity was regularly paid until within a few years, when, on the pay- ment of a round sum to the heirs by the British government, the annu- ity was discontinued. The convention which framed the constitution appointed a com- mittee of safety, consisting of twenty-five members, to whom was 36 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. intrusted the government of the colony until the proposed constitution should be framed and put in operation. Thoijias Eittenhouse was chosen president of this body, who was consequently- in effect gov- ernor. The new constitution, which was unanimously adopted on the 28th of September, was to take effect from its passage. It provided or an assembly to be elected annually ; a supreme executive council of twelve members to be elected for a term of three years ; assemblymen to be eligible but four years out of seven, and councilmen but one term in seven years. Members of congress were chosen by the assembly. The constitution could not be changed for seven years. It provided for the election of censors every seven years, who were to decide whether there was a demand for its revision. If so, they were to call a convention for the purpose. On the 6th of August, 17Y6, Thomas "Wharton, Jr., was chosen pr'esident of the council of safety. The struggle of the parent country was now fully inaugurated. Parliament had resolved upon a vigorous campaign, to strike heavy and rapid blows, and quickly end the war. The first campaign had been conducted in Massachusetts, and by the efficient conduct of Washington, General Howe, the leader of the British, was compelled to capitulate and withdraw to Halifax in March, 1Y76. On the 28th of June Sir Henry Clinton, with a strong detachment, in conjunction with Sir Peter Parker, of the navy, made a combined land and naval attack upon the defenses of Charleston harbor, where he was met by General William Moultrie, with the Carolina militia, and after a severe battle, in which the British fleet was roughly handled, Clin- on withdrew and returned to New York, whither the main body, of the British army, under General Howe, had come, and where Admiral Howe, with a large fleet directly from England, joined them. This formidable power led by the best talent in the British armj^ Washington could muster no adequate force to oppose, and he was obliged to withdraw from Long Island, from New York, from Harlem, from White Plains, to cross into New Jersey, and abandon position after position until he had reached the right bank of the Delaware on Pennsylvania soil. A heavy detachment under Cornwallis followed, and would have crossed the Delaware in pursuit, but, advised to a cautious policy by Howe, he waited for ice to form on the waters of the Delaware before passing over. The fall of Philadelphia now seemed imminent. Washington had not sufiicient force to face the while power of the British army. On the 2d of December, the supreme council ordered all places of business in the city to be closed PENNSYLA'ANIA. 37 the schools dismissed, and advised preparation for removing the Avomen and children and valuables. On the 12th the coneress, which was in session here, adjourned to meet in Baltimore, taking v^^ith them all papers and public records, and leaving a committee, of which Kobert Morris was chairman, to act in conjunction with Washington for the safety of the place. General Putnam was dispatched on the same day with a detachment of soldiers to take command in the cit^. Washington, Avho had, from the opening of the campaign before New York, been obliged for the most part to act upon the defensive, formed the plan to suddenly turn upon his pursuers and offer battle. Accordingly, on the night of the 26th of December, taking a picked body of men, he moved up several miles to Taylorsville, Avhere he crossed the river, though at flood tide and filled with floating ice, and moving down to Trenton, where a detachment of the British army was posted, made a bold and vigorous attack. Taken by surprise, though now after sunrise, the battle was soon decided in favor of the Ameri- cans. The victory had a great stategic value. The British had intended to push forward and occupy Philadelphia at once, which, being now virtually the capital of the new nation, had it been captured at this juncture, would have given them the occasion for claiming a triumphal ending of the war. But this advantage, though gained by a, detachment small in numbers yet great in courage, caused the com- mander of a powerful and well-appointed army to give up all intention of attempting to capture the Pennsylvania metropolis in this cam- paign, and retiring into winter cantonments upon the Karitan to await the settled weather of the spring for an entirely new cast of operations. Washington, emboldened by his success, led all his forces into New Jersey, and pushing past Trenton, where Cornwallis, the royal leader, had brought his main body by a forced march, under cover of dark- ness, attacked the British reserves at Princeton. But now the enemy had become wary and vigilant, and, summoned by the booming of cannon, Cornwallis hastened back to the relief of his hard-pressed columns. Washington, finding that the enemy's whole army was within easy call, and knowing that he had no hope of success with his weak army, withdrew. He now went into winter quarters at Morris- town, and by constant vigilance was able to gather marauding parties of the British who ventured far away from their works. Putnam commenced fortifications at a point below Philadelphia upon the Delaware, and at commanding positions upon the outskirts and on being summoned to the army was succeeded by General Irvme, 88 HISTORY OF BEAVER COUNTY. and he by General Gates. On the 4th of March, lYTT, the two house of the legislature, elected under the new constitution, assembled, and in joint convention chose Thomas Wharton, Jr., president, and George f Bryan, vice-president. Penn had expressed the. idea that power was preserved the better by due formality and ceremony, and, accordingly " this event was celebrated with much pomp, the result being declared m a loud voice from the courthouse, amid the- shouts of the gathered throngs, and the booming of the captured cannon brought from the field of Trenton. The title bestowed upon the new chief officer of the state was fitted by its length and high-sounding epithets to inspire the multitude with awe and reverence: " His Excellency, Thomas Wharton- Junior, Esquire, President of the Supreme Executive Council of Penn- sylvania, Captain General and Commander-in-Chief in and over the same." Early in April great activity was observed among the shipping in New York harbor, and Washington communicated to congress his- opinion that Philadelphia was the object against which the blow would be aimed. This announcement of probable peril induced the council to issue a proclamation urging enlistments, and congress- ordered the opening of a camp for drilling recruits in Pennsylvania, and Benedict Arnold, who was at this time a trusted general, was appointed to the command of it. Somany new vessels and transports of all classes had been discovered to have come into New York harbor, probably forwarded from England, that Washington sent General Mifflin, on the 10th of June, to congress, bearing a letter in which he- expressed the settled conviction that the enemj'- meditated an immedi- ate descent upon some part of Pennsylvania. General Mifiiin pro- ceeded to examine the defensive works of the city which had been begun on the previous advance of the British, and recommended such changes and new works as seemed best adapted for its protection. The preparations for defense were vigorously prosecuted. The militia were called out and pla,ced in two camps, one at Chester and the other at Downington. Fire-ships were held in readiness to be used against vessels attempting the ascent of the river. Lord Howe, being determined not to move until ample prepara- tions were completed, allowed the greater part of the summer to wear away before he advanced. Finally, having embarked his force on a fleet of transports, he sailed southward. Washington promptly made a corresponding march overland, passing through Philadelphia on the 2ith of August. Howe, 'suspecting that preparations would be made PENNSYLVANIA. 39' for impeding the passage of the Delaware, sailed past its mouth, and moving up the Chesapealie instead, debarlced iifty-four miles from Philadelphia, and commenced the march northward. Great activity was now manifested in the city. The waterspouts were melted to- furnish bullets, fair hands were busied in rolling cartridges, powerfuL chevaux-de-frise were planted to impede the navigation of the river, and the last division of the militia of the city, which had been divided into three classes, was called out. Washington, who had crossed the Brandywine, soon confronted the advance of Plowe, and brisk skir- mishing at once opened. Seeing that he was likely to have the right, of his position at Red Clay Creek, where he had intended to give bat- tle, turned by the largely superior force of the enemy, under cover or darkness on the night of the 8th of September, he withdrew across- the Brandywine at Chad's Ford, and posting Armstrong with the militia upon the left, at Pyle's Ford, where the banks were rugged and precipitous, and Sullivan, who was second in command, upon the right at Brinton's Ford, under cover of forest, he himself took post with three divisions, Sterling's, Stephen's and his own, in front of the^ main avenue of approach at Chad's. Discovering the strong position which the American army occupied, the British general began a move- ment to turn it by a flank movement. Washington, always on the alert, promptly divined the enemy's intentions, and ordered General Sullivan to counteract the movement by flanking the flankers, while he held his immediate command ready to attack the main force while in confusion. The plan was ruined, however, by Sullivan's failure to obey orders, and Washington had no alternative but to remain in po- sition and make the best disposition that lime would permit. His- main body with the force of Sullivan took position along the brow of the hill on which stands the Birmingham meeting-house, and the bat- tle opened and was pushed with vigor the whole day. Overborne by numbers, and weakened by losses, Washington was obliged to retire, leaving the enemy in possession of the field. Congress remained in Philadelphia while these military opera- tions were going on at its very doors ; but on the 18th of September, adjourned to meet at Lancaster, though subsequently, on the 30th, removed across the Susquehanna to York, where it remained in session till after the evacuation in the following summer. The council remained until two days before the fall of the city, when, having dis- patched the records of the loan office and the more valuable papers to Easton, it adjourned to Lancaster. On the 26th the British army 40 HISTOEY OF BEAVEE COTJNTY. entered the city. Deborah Logan in her memoir says : "The army marched in and took possession of the city in the morning. We were upstairs and saw them pass the State House. They loolied well, clean and well-clad, and the contrast between them and our own poor, bare-footed, ragged troops was very great, and caused a feeling of despair. * * » * Early in the afternoon Lord Cornwallis' suite arrived and took possession of my mother's house." The army of "Washington, after being recruited and put in light marching order, was led to Germantown, where on the morning of the 3d of October, the enemy was met. A heavy fog that morning had obscured friend and foe alike, occasioning confusion in the ranks, and though the opening promised well, and some progress was made, yet the enemy was too strong to be moved, and the American leader Avas forced to retire to his camp at White Marsh. Though the river had now been opened and the city was thoroughly fortified for resisting attack, yet Howe felt not quite easy in having the American army quartered in so close striking distance, and accordingly, on the 4th of December, with nearly his entire army, moved out, intending to take Washington at White Marsh, sixteen miles away, by surprise, and by rapidity of action gain an easy victory. But by the heroism and fidel- ity of Lydia Darrah, who, as she had often done before, passed the guards to go to the mill for flour, the news of the coming of Howe was communicated to Washington, who was prepared to receive him. Finding that he could eifect nothing, Howe returned to the city, having had the wearisome march at this wintry season without effect. Washington now crossed the Schuylkill, and went into winter quarters at Valley Forge. The cold of that wmter was intense ; the troops, half-clad and indifferently fed, suffered severely, the prints of their naked feet in frost and snow being often tinted with patriot blood. Grown impatient of the small results from the immensely expensive campaigns carried on across the ocean, the ministry relieved Lord Howe, and appointed Sir Henry Clinton to the chief command. The commissioners whom congress had sent to France early in the fall of 1YT6, Franklin, Dean and Lee, had been busy in making interest for the united colonies at the French court, and so successful were thev that arms and ammunition and loans of money were procured from time to time. Finally, a convention was concluded, by which France agreed to use the royal army and navy as faithful allies of the Ameri- cans against the English. Accordingly, a fleet of four powerful frigates and twelve ships were dispatched under command of the PENNSYLVANIA. 41 Count D'Estaing to shut up the British fleet in the Delaware. The plan was ingenious, particularly worthy of the long head of Franklin. But, by some means, intelligence of the sailing of the French fleet reached the English cabinet, who immediately ordered the evacuation of the Delaware, whereupon the Admiral weighed anchor and sailed away with his entire fleet to New York, and D'Estaing, upon his arrival at the mouth of the Delaware, found that the bird had flown. Clinton evacuated Philadelphia, and moved across New Jersey in the direction of New York. Washington closely followed, and came up with the enemy on the plains of Monmouth, on the 28th of June, 17Y8, where a sanguinary battle was fought which lasted the whole day, resulting in the triumph of the American arms, and Pennsylvania Avas rid of British troops. The enemy was no sooner well away from the city than congress returned from New York and resumed its sittings in its former quarters, June 2i, 1778, and on the following day the colonial legislature returned from Lancaster. General Arnold, who was disabled by a wound received at Saratoga, from field duty, was given command in the city, and marched in with a regiment on the day following the evacuation. On the 23d of May, 1778, President "Wharton died suddenly of quinsy, while in attendance upon the council at Lancaster, when George Bryan, the vice-president, became the acting president. Bryan was a philan- thropist in deed as well as in word. Up to this time African slavery had been tolerated in the colony. In his message of the 9th of November, he said : " This or some better ticheme would tend to abrogate slavery, the opprobrium of America, from among us. * * * In divesting the state of slaves, you will equally serve the cause of humanity and poUoy, and offer to God one of the most proper and best returns of gratitude for His great deliverance of us and our posterity from thral- dom ; you will also set your character for justice and benevolence in the true point of view to Europe, who are astonished to see a people eager for liberty holding negroes in bondage." He perfected a bill for the extinguishment of claims to slaves, which was passed by the assembly, March 1, 1780, by a vote of thirty-four to eighteen, provid- ing that no child of slave parents born after that date should be a slave, but a servant till the age of twenty-eight years, when all claim for service should end. Thus by simple enactment, resolutely pressed by Bryan, was slavery forever rooted out of Pennsylvania.' At the election held for president, the choice fell upon Joseph Keed, with George Bryan vice-president, subsequently Matthew Smith, 42 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. and finaUy William Moore. Eeed was an erudite lawyer, and had held the position of private secretary to Washington, and subsequently .adjutant-general of the army. He was inaugurated on the 1st of December, 1778. William Moore was elected president to succeed Joseph Eeed, from November 14, 1781, but held the office less than one year, the term of three years for which he had been a councilman having expired, which was the limit of service. James Potter was -chosen vice-president. In the state election of 1782, contested with great violence, John Dickinson was chosen president, and James Ewing vice-president. On the 12th of March, 1783, intelligence was first received of the signing of the preliminary treaty in which independ- ence was acknowledged, and on the 11th of April congress sent forth the joyful proclamation ordering a cessation of hostilities. The soldiers of Burgoyne, who had been confined in the prison-camp at Lancaster, were put upon the march for New York, passing through Philadelphia ■on the way. Everywhere was joy unspeakable. The obstructions were removed from the Delaware, and the white wings of commerce Again came fluttering on every breeze. In September, 1785, after a long absence in the service of his -country abroad, perfecting treaties, and otherwise establishing just relations with other nations, the venerable Benjamin Franklin, then nearly eighty years old, feeling the infirmities of age coming upon him, ^sked to be relieved of the duties of minister at the court of France and returned to Philadelphia. Soon after his arrival he was elected president of the council. Charles Biddle was elected vice-president. In May, 1787, a convention to frame a constitution for the United States met in Philadelphia. The delegation from Pennsylvania was Benjamin Franklin, Eobert Morris, Thomas Mifflin, George Clymer, Thomas Fitzsimons, Jared Ingersoll, James Wilson and Gouverneur Morris. Upon the completion of their work, the instrument was sub- mitted to the several states for adoption. A convention was called in Pennsylvania, which met on the 21st of November, and though encountering resolute opposition, it was finally adopted on the 12th of December. On the following day the convention, the supreme council, and officers of the state and city government, moved in procession to the old court house, where the adoption of the constitution was form- ally proclaimed amidst the booming of cannon and the ringing of bells. On the 5th of November, 1788, Thomas Mifflin was elected presi- -dent, and George Eoss vice-president. The constitution of the state PENNSYLVANIA. 43 framed in and adapted to the exigencies of an emergency, was ill suited to the needs of the state in its relations to the new nation. Accord- ingly, a convention assembled for the i)urpose of preparing a new con. stitution in November, 1Y89, which was finally adopted on Sep- tember 2, 1790. By the provisions of this instrument, the executive council was abolished, and the executive duties were vested in the hands of a governor. Legislation was intrusted to an assembly and a senate. The judicial system was continued, and the terms of the judges extended through good behavior. The whisky insurrection in some of the western counties of the state, which occurred in 1Y94, excited, by its lawlessness and wide extent, general interest. An act of congress, of March 3, 1Y91, laid a tax on distilled spirits of four pence per gallon. The then counties of Washington, Westmoreland, Allegheny and Fayette, comprising the southwestern quarter of the state, were almost exclusively engaged in the production of grain. Being far removed from any market, the product of their farms brought them scarcely any returns. The con- sequence was that a large proportion of the surplus grain was turned into distilled spirits, and nearly every other farmer was a distiller. This tax was seen to bear heavily upon them, from which a non-pro- ducer of spirits was relieved. A rash determination was formed to resist its collection, and a belief entertained, if all were united in resist- ing, it would be taken off. Frequent altercations occurred between the persons appointed United States collectors and thes^e resisting citizens. As an example, on the 5th of September, 1791, a party in dis- ~ guise set upon Robert Johnson, a collector for Allegheny and Wash- ington, tarred and feathered him, cut off his hair, took away his horse, and left him in this plight to proceed. Writs for the arrest of the perpetrators were issued, but none dared to venture into the territory to serve them. On May 8, 1792, the law was modified, and the tax re- duced. In September, 1792, President Washington issued his proclama- tion commanding all persons to submit to the law, and to forbear from further opposition. But these measures had no effect, and the insur- gents began to organize for forcible resistance. One Maj. Macfarlane, while in command of a party of insurrectionists, was killed in an encounter with United States soldiers at the house of Gen. Neville. The feeling now ran very high, and it was hardly safe for any person to breathe a whisper against the insurgents throughout all this district. One Bradford had, of his own notion, issued a circular letter to the colonels of regiments to assemble with their commands at Braddock's 44" HISTORY or BEAVEE COUNTY. field on the 1st of August, where they appointed officers and moved on to Pittsburgh. After having burned a barn, and made some noisy demonstrations, they were induced by some cool heads to return. These turbulent proceedings coming to the ears of the state and national authorities at Philadelphia, measures were concerted to promptly and effectually check them. Gov. Miffiin appointed Chief Justice McKean, and Gen. William Irvine to proceed to the disaffected district, ascertain the facts, and try to bring the leaders to justice. President Washington issued a proclamation commanding all persons in arms to disperse to their homes " on or before the 1st of September, proximo" and called out the militia of four states — Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Maryland and Yirginia — to the number of thirteen thousand men, to enforce his commands. The quota of Pennsylvania was four thousand five hundred infantry, five hundred cavalry, two hundred artillery, and Gov. Mifflin took command in person. Gov. Kichard Howell, of New Jersey, Gov. Thomas S. Lee, of Maryland, and Gen. Daniel Morgan, of Yirginia, commanded the forces from their states, and Gov. Henry Lee, of Virginia, was placed in chief command. President Washington, accompanied by Gen. Knox, secretary of war, Alexander Hamilton, secretary of the treasury, and Richard Peters, of the United States District Court, set out on the 1st of October for the seat of the disturbance. On Friday the President reached Harrisburg, and on Saturday Carlisle, whither the army had preceded him. In the meantime a committee, consisting of James Ross, Jasper Yeates and William Bradford, was appointed by President Washington to proceed to the disaffected district, and endeavor to persuade misguided citizens to return to their allegiance. A meeting of 260 delegates from the four counties was held at Parkinson's Ferry on the 14th of August, at which the state of their cause was considered, resolutions adopted, and a committee of sixtv one from each county was appointed, and a sub-committee, of twelve was named to confer with the United States commissioners, McKean and Irvine. These conferences with the state and national committees were successful in arranging preliminary conditions of settlement. On the 2d of October, the committee of safety of the insurgents met at Parkinson's Ferry, and having learned that a well-organized army, with Washington at its head, was marching westward for enforcing obedience to the laws, appointed a committee of two, William Findley ' and David Reddick, to meet the President, and assure him that the disaffected were disposed to return to their duty. They met Washing- ^Z-i-cc.^-^ PENNSYLVANIA. 47 ton at Carlisle, and several conferences were held, and assurances given of implicit obedience ; but the President said that as the troops had been called out, the orders for the march would not be countermanded. The President proceeded forward on the 11th of October to Chambers- burg, reached Williamsport on the 13th and Fort Cumberland on the 14th, where he reviewed the Virginia and Maryland forces, and arrived at Bedford on the IDth. Eemaining a few days, and being satisfied that the sentiment of the people had changed, he returned to Philadel- phia, arriving on the 28th, leaving Gen. Lee to meet the commissioners and make such conditions of pacification as should seem just. Another meeting of the committee of safety was held at Parkinson's Ferry on the 24th, at which assurances of abandonment of opposition to the laws were received, and the same committee, with the addition of Thomas Morton and Ephraim Douglass, was directed to return to headquarters and give assurance of this disposition. They did not reach Bedford until after the departure of Washington. But at Uniontown they met Gen. Lee, with whom it was agreed that the citizens of these four counties should subscribe to an oath to support the constitution and obey the laws. Justices of the peace issued notices that books were opened for subscribing to the oath, and Gen. Lee issued a judicious address urging ready obedience. Seeing that all requirements were being faithfulh" carried out, an order was issued the lYth of November for the return of the array and its disbandment. A number of arrests were made and trials and convictions were had, but all were ultimately pardoned. With the exception of a slight ebullition at the prospect of a war with France in 1Y97, and a resistance to the operation of the " home- stead tax" in Lehigh, Berks and Northampton counties, when the militia was called out, the remainder of the term of Gov. Mifllin passed in comparative quiet. By an act of the legislature of the 3d of April, 1799, the capital of the state was removed to Lancaster, and soon after the capital of the United States to Washington, the house on Ninth street, which had been built for the residence of the President of the United States, passing to the use of the University of Pennsylvania. During the administrations of Thomas McKean, who was elected governor in 1799, and Simon Snyder in 1808, httle beyond heated political contests marked the even tenor of the government, until the breaking-out of the troubles which eventuated in the war of 1812. Pennsylvania pronaptly seconded the national government, the message of Gov. Snyder on the occasion ringing like a silver clarion. The 4 48 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. national call for one hundred thousand men required fourteen thousand from this state, but so great was the enthusiasm, that several times this number tendered their services. The state force was organized in two divisions, to the command of the first of which Maj. Gen. Isaac Morrell was appointed, and to the second Maj. Gen. Adamson Tan- nehill. Gunboats and privateers were built in the harbor of Erie and on the Delaware, and the defenses "upon , the latter were put in order, and suitable armaments provided. The act which created most alarm to Pennsylvania was one of vandalism scarcely matched in the annals of warfare. In August, 1814, Gen. Eoss, witla six thousand men in a flotilla of sixty sails, moved up Chesapeake Bay, fired the capitol. President's house and the various offices of cabinet ministers, and these costly and substantial buildings, the national library and all the records of the government from its foundation were utterly destroyed. Shortly afterward, Eoss appeared before Baltimore with the design of multi- plying his barbarisms, but he was met by a force hastily collected under Gen. Samuel Smith, a Pennsylvania veteran of the revolution, and in the brief engagement which ensued Eoss was killed. In the severe battle with the corps of Gen. Strieker, the British lost some three hundred men. The fleet in the meantime opened a fierce bom- bardment of Fort McHenry, and during the day and ensuing night 1,500 bombshells were thrown, but all to no purpose, the gallant defense of Maj. Armistead proving successful. It was during this awful night that Maj. Key, who was a prisoner on board the fleet, wrote the song of the Star Spangled Banner, which became the national lyric. It was in the administration of Gov. Snyder in February, 1810, that an act was passed making Harrisburg the seat of government, and a commission raised for erecting public buildings, the sessions of the legislature being held in the court house at Harrisburg from 1812 to 1821. The administrations of William Findley, elected in 1817, Joseph lleister, in 1820, and John Andrew Schulz, in 1823, followed without marked events. Parties became very warm in their discussions and in their management of political campaigns. The charters for the forty banks which had been passed in a fit of frenzy over the veto of Gov. Snyder set a flood of paper money afloat. TJie pubhc improvements, principally in opening lines of canal, were prosecuted, and vast debts i ncurred. These lines of conveyances were vitally needful to move the immense products and vast resources of the state! Previous to the year 1820, little use was made of stone coal. ' PENNSYLVANIA. 49 Judge Obediah Gore, a blacksmith, used it upon his forge as early as 1769, and found the heat stronger and more enduring than that pro- duced by charcoal. In 1791, Phillip Ginter, of Carbon county, a hunter by profession, having on one occasion been out all day without discovering any game, vs^as returning at night discouraged and worn out, across the Mauch Chunk mountain when, in the gathering shades he stumbled upon something which seemed to have a glistening appearance, that he was induced to pick up and carry home. This specimen was taken to Philadelphia, where an analysis showed it to be a good quality of anthracite coal. But, though coal was known to exist, no one knew how to use it. In 1812, Col. George Shoemaker, of Schuylkill county, took nine wagon loads to Philadelphia. Bat he was looked upon as an impostor for attempting to sell worthless stone for coal. He finally sold two loads for the cost of transportation, the remaining seven proving a complete loss. In 1812, White & Hazard, manufacturers of wire at the Falls of Schuylkill, induced an applica- tion to be made to the legislature to incorporate a companj^ for the improvement of the Schuylkill, urging as an inducement the importance it would have for transporting coal; whereupon, the senator from that district, in his place, with an air of knowledge, asserted that " there was no coal there, that there was a kind of hlack stone which was called coal, but that it would not burn." White & Hazard procured a cart-load of Lehigh coal that cost them $1 a bushel, which was all wasted in a vain attempt to make it ignite. Another cart-load was obtained, and a whole night spent in endeavoring to make a fire in the furnace, when the hands shut the furnace door and left the mill in despair. " Fortunately one of them left his jacket in the mill, and returning for it in about half an hour, noticed that the door was red hot, and upon opening it, was surprised at finding the whole furnace at a glowing white heat. The other hands were summoned, and four separate parcels of iron were heated and rolled by the same fire before it required renewing. The furnace was replenished, and as letting it alone had succeeded so well, it was concluded to try it again, and the experiment was repeated with the same result. The Lehigh Navigation Company and the Lehigh Coal Company were incorporated in 1818, which companies became the basis of the Lehigh Coal and Navigation Company, incorporated in 1822. In 1820, coal was sent to Philadelphia by artificial navigation, but three hundred and sixty-five tons glutted the market." In 1825, there were brought by the Schuylkill five thousand three hundred and 50 HISTOKY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. seventy-eight tons. In 1826, by the Schuylkill, sixteen thousand two hundred and sixty-five tons, and by the Lehigh thirty-one thousand two hundred and eighty tons. The stage of water being insufficient, dams and sluices were constructed near Mauch Chunk, in 1819, by which the navigation was improved. The coal boats used were great square arks, sixteen to eighteen feet wide, and twenty to twenty-five feet long. At first, two of these were joined together by hinges, to allow them to yield up and down in passing over the dams. Finally as the boatmen became skilled in the navigation, several were joined, attaining a length of one hundred and eighty feet. After reaching Philadelphia, these boats were taken to pieces, the plank sold and the hinges sent back for constructing others. Such were the crude methods adopted in the early days for bringing coal to a market. In 1827, a railroad was commenced, which was completed in three months, nine miles in length. This, with the exception of one at Quincy, Mass., of four miles, built in 1826, was the first constructed m the United States.' The descent was one hundred feet per mile, and the coal descended by gravity in a half hour, and the cars were drawn back by mules, which rode down with the coal. Bituminous coal was discovered and its qualities utilized not much earlier than the anthra- cite. A tract of coal land was taken up in Clearfield county in 1785, by Mr. S. Boyd, and in 1804 he sent an ark down the Susquehanna to Columbia. During the administrations of George Wolf, elected in 1829, and Joseph Ritner, elected in 1835, a measure of great beneficence to the state was passed and brought into a good degree of successful oper- ation^nothing less than a broad system of public education. Schools had been early established in Philadelphia, and parochial schools in the more populous portions of the state from the time of early settle, ment. In 1749, through the influence of Dr. Franklin, a charter was obtained for a "college, academy, and charity school of Pennsylvania " and from this time to the beginning of the present century, the friends of education were earnest in establishing colleges, the colonial govern- ment, and afterward the legislature, making liberal grants from the revenues accruing from the sale of lands for their support, the univer- sity of Pennsylvania being chartered in 1752, Dickinson college in 1783 Fianklin and Marshall college in 1787, and Jefferson college in I8O2' Commencing near the beginning of this century, and continuing for over a period of thirty years, vigorous exertions were put forth to establish county academies. Charters were granted for these institu- PENNSYLVANIA. gj tions at the county seats of forty-one counties, and appropriations were made of money, vary in o- from two thousand to six thousand dollars, and in several instances of quite extensive land grants. In 1809, an act was passed for the education of the "poor, gratis." The assessors in their annual rounds were to make a record of all such as were indigent, and pay for their education in the most convenient schools. But few were found among the spirited inhabitants of the commonwealth willing to admit that they were so poor as to be objects of charity. By the act of April 1, 1834-, a general system of education by common schools was established. Unfortunately it was complex and unwieldy. At the next session an attempt was made to repeal it, and substitute the old law of 18U9, for educating the "poor, gratis," the repeal having lieen carried in the Senate. But through the appeals of Thaddeus Stevens, a man always in the van in every movement for the elevation of mankind, this was defeated. At the next session, 1836, an entirely new bill, discarding the objectionable features of the old one, was prepared by Dr George Smith, of Delaware county, and adopted, and from this time forward it has been in efficient operation. In 18.54, the system was improved by engrafting upon it the feature of the county superintendency, and in 1859 by providing for the establish- ment of twelve normal schools in as many districts into which the state was divided, for the professional training of teachers. In 183T, a convention assembled in Harrisburg, and subsequently in Philadelphia, for revising the constitution, which i-evision was adopted by a vote of the people. One of the chief objects of the change was the breaking up of what was known as " omnibus legis- lation," each bill being required to have but one distinct subject, to be definitely stated in the title. Much of the patronage of the governor was taken from him, and he was allowed but two terms of three years in any nine years. The senator's term was fixed at three years. The terras of supreme court judges were limited to fifteen years, common pleas judges to ten, and associate judges to five. A step backward was taken in limiting suffrage to white male citizens twenty-one years old, it having previously been extended to citizens irrespective of color. Amendments could be proposed once in five years, and if adopted by two successive legislatures, and approved by a vote of the people, they became a part of the organic law. At the opening of the gubernatorial term of David E. Porter, who was chosen in October, 1838, a civil commotion occurred known as 52 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. the Buckshot War, which at one time threatened a sanguinary result. Fraud in the election returns was alleged, and finally the opposing factions armed for the maintenance of their claims. Some of them were supplied with luchshot cartridges, hence the name which was given to the contest. It ended without bloodshed. Francis E. Shunk was chosen governor in 1845, and during his term of office the war with Mexico occurred. Two volunteer regi- ments, one under command of Col. Wynkoop, and the other under Col. Eoberts, subsequently Col. John W. Geary, were sent to the field, while the services of a much larger number were offered, but could not be received. Toward the close of his first term, having been reduced by sickness, and feeling his end approaching, Gov. Shunk resigned, and was succeeded by the Speaker of the Senate, William F. Johnstoni who was duly chosen at the next annual election. During the admin- istrations of Wilham Bigler, elected in 1851, James Pollock, in 1854, and William F. Packer, in 185Y, httle beyond the ordinary course of events marked the history of the state. The lines of pubhc works undertaken at the expense of the state were completed. Their cost had been enormous, and a debt was piled up against it of over forty million dollars. These works, vastly expensive, were still to operate and keep in Vepair, and the revenues therefrom failing to meet expec- tations, it was determined in the administration of Gov. Pollock to sell them to the highest bidder, the Pennsylvania Eailroad Company pur- chasing them for the sum of seven million five hundred thousand dollars. In the administration of Gov. Packer, petroleum was first dis- covered in quantities in this country by boring into the bowels of the earth. From the earliest settlement of the country it was known to exist, and it had been gathered in small quantities and utilized for various purposes. In 1859, Mr. E. L. Drake, at first representing a company in ISTew York, commenced drilling near a spot where there were surface indi- cations; and when the company would give him no more monev he strained his own resources and his credit with his friends almost to the breaking point, and when about to give up in despair finally struck a powerful current of pure oil. From this time forward, the territory down the valley of Oil Creek and up all its tributaries was rapidly acquired and developed for oil land. In some places the oil was sent up with immense force, at the rate of thousands of barrels each day, and great trouble was experienced in bringing it under control and storing it. PENNSYLVANIA. 53 In some cases, the force of the gas was so powerful on being acciden. tally fired, as to defy all approach for many days, and lighted up the forests at night with billows of light. The oil has been found in paying quantities in McKean, Warren, Forest, Crawford, Yenango, Clarion, Butler and Armstrong counties, chiefly along the upper waters of the Allegheny river and its tribu- tary, the Oil creek. Its transportation has come to be effected by forcing it through great pipe lines, which extend to the great lakes and the seaboard. Its production has grown to be enormous. Since 1859, a grand total of more than three hundred millions of barrels have been produced m the Pennsylvania oil fields. In the fall of 1860, Andrew G. Curtin was elected governor of Pennsylvania, and Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States. The war of the great rebellion followed, and in the spring of 1861, Pennsylvania was called on for sixteen regiments; her quota of the 75,000 volunteers that were summoned by proclamation of the Presi- dent. Instead of sixteen, twenty-five regiments were organized for the three months' service from Pennsylvania. Judging from the threaten ingattitude assumed by the rebels across the Potomac that the southern frontier would be constantly menaced. Gov. Curtin sought permission to organize a select corps, to consist of thirteen regiments of infantry, one of cavalry, and one of artillery, and to be known as the Pennsyl- vania reserve corps, which the legislature, in special session, granted. This corps of fifteen thousand men was speedily raised, and the inten- tion of the state authorities was to keep this body permanently within the limits of the commonwealth for defense. But at the time of the first Bull Kun disaster in July, 1861, the national government found itself without troops to even defend the capital, the time of the three months' men being now about to expire, and at its urgent call this fine body was sent forward and never again returned for the execution of the duty for which it was formed, having borne the brunt of the fight- ing on many a hard-fought field during the three years of its service. In addition to the volunteer troops furnished in response to the several calls of the President, upon the occasion of the rebel invasion of Maryland, in September, 1862, Gov. Curtin called fifty thousand men for the emergency, and though the time was very brief, twenty-five thousand came, were organized under command of Gen. John F. Reynolds, and were marched to the border. But the battle of Antietam, fought on the 17th of September, caused the enemy to beat a hasty retreat 54 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. and the border was relieved, when the emergency troops were disbanded and returned to their homes. On the 19th of October, Gen. J. E. B. Stewart, of the rebel army, with 1,800 horsemen under command of Hampton, Lee and Jones, crossed the Potomac and made directly for Cham bersburg, arriving after dark. Not waiting for morning to attack, he sent in a flag of truce demanding the surrender of the town. There were two hundred and seventy -live union soldiers in hospital, whom he paroled. During the night, the troopers were busy picking up horses — swapping horses perhaps it should be called — and the morning saw them early on the move. The rear guard gave notice before leaving to remove all families from the neighborhood of the public buildings, as they intended to fire them. There was a large amount of fixed ammunition in them, which had been captured from Longstreet's train, besides government stores of shoes, clothing and muskets. At 11 o'clock the station house, roundhouse, railroad machine shops and warehouses were fired and consigned to desti-uction. The fire department was promptly out; but it was dangerous to approach the burning buildings on account of the ammunition, and all perished. The year 1862 was one of intense excitement and activity. From about the 1st of May, 1861, to the end of 1862, thei'e were recruited in the state of Pennsylvania one hundred and eleven regiments, including eleven of cavalry and three of artillery, for three years' service ; twenty-five regiments for three months; seventeen for nine months; fifteen of drafted militia, and twenty-five called out for the emergency; an aggregate of one hundred and ninety-three regiments — a grand total of over two hundred thousand men — a great army in itself. In June, 1863, Gen. Robert E. Lee, with his entire army of North- ern Virginia, invaded Pennsylvania. The Army of the Potomac, under Gen. Joseph Hooker, followed. The latter was superseded on the 28th of June by Gen. George G. Meade. The vanguards of the army met a mile or so out of Gettysburg on the Chambersburg pike on the morn ing of the 1st of July. Hill's corps of the rebel army was held in check by the sturdy fighting of a small division of cavalry under Gen. Buford until 10 o'clock, when Gen. Reynolds came to his relief with the first corps. While bringing his forces into action, Reynolds was killed, and the command devolved on Gen. Abner Doubleday, and the fighting became terrible, the union forces being greatly oulnumbered. At 2 o'clock in the afternoon, the eleventh corps. Gen. O. O. Howard, came to the support of the first. But now the corps of Ewell had joined hands with Hill, and a full two-thirds of the entire rebel army was on PENSSYL\-ANIA. 55 the field, opposed by only the two weak union corps, in an inferior position. A sturiiy fight was however maintained until 5 o'clock, when the union forces withdrew through the town, and took position upon rising ground covering the Baltimore pike. During the night the entire union army came up, with the exception of the sixth corps, and took position, and at 2 o'clock in the morning (xen. Meade and staff came on the field. During the morning hours, and until 4 o'clock in the afternoon, the two armies were getting into position for the desper- a,te struggle. The third corps, Gen. Sickles, occupied the extreme left, his corps abutting on the Little Eound Top at the Devil's Den, and reaching, en ec/telo/i, through the rugged ground to the Peach Orchard, and thence along the Emmitsburg pike, where it joined the second corps. Gen. Hancock, reaching over Cemetery Hill, the eleventh corps. Gen. Howard, the first. Gen. Doubleday, and the twelfth. Gen. Slocum, reaching across Gulp's Hill — the whole crescent shape. To this forma- tion the rebel army conformed, Longstreet opposite the union left, Hill opposite the center, and Ewell opposite the union right. At 4 p. m. the battle was opened by Longstreet, on the extreme left of Sickles, and the fighting became terrific, tlie rebels making strenuous efforts to gain Little Eound Top. But at the opportune moment a part of the fifth corps, Gen. Sykes, was brought upon that key position, and it was saved to the union side. The slaughter in fi-ont of Round Top at the wheat-field and the Feach Orchard was fearful. The third corps was driven back from its advanced position, and its commander, Gen. Sickles, was wounded, losing a leg. In a more contracted position, the union line was made secure, where it rested for the night. Just at dusk, the Louisiana Tigers, some 1,800 men, made a desperate charge on Cemetery Hill, emerging suddenly from a hillock just back of the town. The'struggle was desperate, but the Tigers being weakened by the fire of the artillery, and by the infantry crouching behind the stone wall, the onset was checked, and Carroll's brigade, of the second corps, coming to the rescue, tiiey were finally beaten back, terribly decimated. At about the same time, a portion of Ewell's corps made an advance on the extreme union right, at a point where the troops had been with- drawn to Send to the support of Sickles, and, unopposed, gamed the extremity of Culp's Hill, pushing through nearly to the Baltimore pike, in dangerous proximity to the reserve artillery and trains, and even the ' headquarters of the union commander. But in their attempt to roll up the union right they were met by Green's brigade of the twelfth corps, and bv desperate fighting their further progress was stayed. 66 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. Thus ended the battle of the second day. The union left and right had been sorely jammed and pushed back. At 4 o'clock on the morning of the 3d of July, Gen. Geary, who' had been orderd away to the support of Sickles, having returned during the night and taken a position on the right of Green, opened the battle- for the recovery of his lost breastworks on the right of Gulp's Hill. Until 10 o'clock the battle raged with unabated fury. The heat was intolerable, and the sulphurous vapor hung like a pall over the com- batants, shutting out the light of day. The fighting was in the midst of the forest, and the echoes resounded with fearful distinctness. The- twelfth corps was supported by portions of the sixth, which had now come up. At length-the enemy, weakened and finding themselves- overborne on all sides, gave way, and the union breastworks were reoccupied and the union right made entirely secure. Comparative quiet now reigned on either side until 2 o'clock in the afternoon, in the meantime both sides bringing up fresh troops and repairing dam- ages. The rebel leader having brought his best available artillery in upon his right center, suddenly opened with one hundred and fifty pieces a concentric fire upon the devoted union left center, where stood the troops of Hancock, Doubleday and Sickles. The shock was ter- rible. Rarely has such a cannonade been known on any field. Fot nearly two hours it was continued. Thinking that the union line had been broken and demoralized by this fire, Longstreet brought out a fresh corps of some fourteen thousand men, under Pickett, and charged full upon the point which had been the mark for the cannonade. As- soon as this charging column came into view, the union artillery opened upon it from right and left and center, and rent it -with fearful effect. When come within musket range, the union troops, who had been crouching behind slight pits and a low stone wall, poured in a most murderous fire. Still the rebels pushed forward with a bold face,. and actually crossed the union lines and had their hands on the union guns. But the slaughter was too terrible to withstand. The killed and wounded lay scattered over all the plain. Many were gathered -in as prisoners. Finally the remnant staggered back, and the battle of Gettysburg was at an end. So soon as indications pointed to a possible invasion of the North by the rebel army under Gen. Lee, the state of Pennsylvania was organized in two military departments, that of the Susquehanna, to the command of which Darius N. Couch was assigned, with head- quarters at Harrisburg, and that of the Monongahela, under W. T. H. Brooks, with headquarters at Pittsburgh. Urgent calls for the militia PENNSYLVANIA. Sf were made, and large numbers in regiments, in companies, in squadrons, came promptly at the call to the number of over thirty-six thousand men, who were organized for a period of ninety days. Fort'ifications. were thrown up to cover Harrisburg and Pittsburgh, and the troops were moved to threatened points. But before they could be brought into action, the great decisive conflict had been fought, and the enemy driven from northern soil. Four regiments under Gen. Brooks were moved into Ohio to aid in arresting a raid undertaken by John Morgan, who with two thousand horse and four guns had crossed the Ohio river for a diversion in favor of Lee. In the beginning of July, 1864, Gen. Early invaded Maryland, and made his way to the threshold of "Washington. Fearing another invasion of the state. Gov. Curtin called for volunteers to serve for one hundred days. Gen. Couch was still at the head of the department of the Susquehanna, and six regiments and six companies were organized, but as fast as organized they were called to the front, the last regiment leaving the state on the 29th of July. On the evening of this day, Gens. McCausland, Bradley Johnson and Harry Gilmore, with three thousand mounted men and six guns, crossed the Potomac, and made their way to Chambersburg. Another column of three thousand, under Vaughn and Jackson advanced to Hagerstown, and a third to Leitersburg. Averell, with a small force, was at Hagerstown, but find- ing himself over-matched, withdrew through Greencastle to Mount Hope. Lieut. McLean, with fifty men in front of McCausland, gallantly kept his face to the foe, and checked the advance at every favorable pbint. On being apprised of their coming, the public stores at Chambersburg were moved northward. At six a. m. McCausland opened his batteries upon the town, but, finding it unprotected, took possession. Ringing the court house bell to call the people together, Capt. Fitzhugh read an order to the assembly, signed by Gen. Jubal Early, directing the command to proceed to Chambersburg and demand one hundred thousand dollars in gold, or five hundred thousand dollars in greenbacks, and if not paid, to burn the town. While this parley was in progress, hats, caps, boots, watches, clothing and valuables were unceremoniously appropriated, and purses demanded at the point of the bayonet. As money was not i'n hand to meet so unexpected a draft, the torch was lighted. In less than a quarter of an hour from the time the first match was applied, the whole business part of the town was in flames. Burning parties were sent into each quarter of the town, which made thorough work. "With the exception of a few houses upon •58 HISTORY OF BEAVEK COUNTY. the outskirts, the whole was laid in ruins. Eetiring rapidly, the entire rebel command recrossed the Potomac before any adequate force could be gathered to check its progress. The whole number of soldiers recruited under the various calls for troops from the state of Pennsylvania was three hundred and sixty- six thousand. In May, 1861, the Society of the Cincinnati of Pennsylvania, an •organization of the officers of the Eevolutionary war and their descend- ants, donated five hundred dollars toward arming and equipping troops. By order of the legislature the sum was devoted to procuring flags ior the regiments, and each organization that went forth was provided with one emblazoned with the arms of the commonwealth. These flags, seamed and battle-stained, were returned at the close of the war, and are now preserved in a room devoted to the purpose in the state oapitol — precious emblems of the daring and suffering of that great army that went forth to uphold and maintain the integrity of the nation. When the war was over, the state undertook the charge of pro- viding for all soldiers' orphans in schools located in different parts of the territory, furnished food, clothing, instruction and care, until they should be grown to manhood and womanhood. The number thus gathered and cared for has been some seven thousand five hundred annually, for a period of nineteen \-ears, at an average annual expense of some six hundred thousand dollars. At the election in 1866, John W. Geary, a veteran general of the late war, was chosen governor. During his administration, settlements were made with the general government, extraordinary debts incurred during the war were paid, and a large reduction of the old debt of $40,000,000 inherited from the construction of the canals, was made. A convention for a revision of the constitution was ordered by Act of April 11, 1872. This convention assembled inHarrisburg November 13, and adjourned to meet in Philadelphia, where it convened on the 7th of January, 1873, and the instrument framed was adopted on the 18tli of December, 1873. By its provisions the number of senators was increased from thirty-three to fifty, and representatives from 100 to -201, subject to further increase in proportion to increase of popular tion ; biennial, in place of annual sessions ; making the term of supreme cou't judges twenty-one in place of fifteen years; remanding a large class of legislation to the action of the courts; making the term of governor four years in place of three, and prohibiting special legislation, were some of the changes provided for. PENNSYLVANIA. 59' In January, 1873, John F. Hartranft became governor, and at the election in 1878, Henry F. Hoyt was chosen governor, both soldiers of the late war. In the summer of 1877, by concert of action of the employes on the several lines of railway in the state, trains were stopped and travel and traffic were interrupted for several days together. At Pittsburgh, conflicts occurred between the railroad men and the militia,, and a vast amount of property was destroyed. The opposition to the local military was too powerful to be controlled, and the national government was appealed to fot aid. A force of regulars was promptly ordered out, and the rioters finally quelled. Unfortunately, Governor Hartranft was absent from the state at the time of the troubles. At the election in 1882 Eobert E. Pattison was chosen governor. The legislature which met at the opening of 1883, having adjourned after a session of 156 days, without passing a congressional apportion- ment bill, as was required, was immediately reconvened in extra session by the governor, and remained in session until near the close of the year, from June 1 to December 5, without coming to an agreement upon a bill, and finally adjourned without having passed one. This pro- tracted sitting is in marked contrast to the session of that early assem- bly in which an entire constitution and laws of the province were framed and adopted in the space' of three days. November 2, 1886, James A. Beaver was elected governor. OHAPTEE L PHYSICAL FEATURES. Location — Boundaries — Drainage — Raccoon and Lake — Yiew of the County by Townships — Geological Features — Climate — Yege- TATION. BEAYER county is located in the western part of the state along the Ohio line. At the date of its formation, March 12, 1800, its boundaries were: North by Mercer county, east by Butler, south- •east by Allegheny, south by Washington, and west by the states of Yirginia and Ohio. Then its dimensions were : Length 34 miles breadth 19, area 646 square miles, or 413,440 acres. Since the formation of Lawrence county the northern boundary has been changed to Lawrence, and since the exigencies of war divided Yirginia, one of Beaver county's western neighbors is known as "West Yirginia, or the " Pan Handle." Its area has been reduced to 452 square miles, with an acreage' of 289,280. The drainage of the county is of the most perfect character. "With the Ohio, La Belle Riviere, "the beautiful river, " and its tributaries, no more complete system could be con8?eived. "With two mighty arms, the Ohio reaches out at right angles at Pittsburgh into different regions of the state, and collects both clear and muddy water, filled with rich materials, and, with generous intent, hastens to bear them with valuable accessions at every point to the bosom of the mighty Father of "Waters, who distributes them generously on his pathway to the sea. About once every two decades this beautiful river feels strong enough to become majestic, and to remind man of his dependence upon the kindly offices of the ever on-flowing stream. Such periods become seasons of as much terror, as the shallow current in summer and autumn becomes the occasion of serious complaint by those who depend upon the deposits of the carboniferous age for light and heat during the approaching winter. 60 BEAVEK COIINTY. gj The Ohio is not a selfish stream. From the " south side " Raccoon •creek, named in lionor of tiie cunning animal who at an early date infested the banks of the stream, i)ours a volume of water that is not to be despised. It is a stream which attracted the attention of the Father •of His Country in ITTo because of the fertile lands which it drains. Farther down, Mill creek, with its several branches, makes a generous •donation. On the north side, Big Beaver river, burdened with historic asso- ciations and freighted with memories that shall yet touch the eloquent pen of some descriptive muse, contributes liberally what has been bestowed by the Conequenissing and Slippery Rook, Neshannock and Otter creek, Shenango and Mahoning rivers. All the northwestern portion of the state, and a portion even of the Buckeye state, are laid under contribution to swell the donation to the beautiful Ohio, each ^spring and rivulet and creek and river being content to do the best it can in the premises. A volume would not suffice to recount the incidents, natural and historic, connected with Big Beaver. Indian legends, the adventures of white people, the business ventures and suc- •cesses. the thriving villages and towns built up, the efforts at locomo- tion by both water and rail — these would be interesting and enter- taining. But Big Beaver justly implies a Little Beaver somewhere. Hav- ing conceded to its larger sister the right to select good territory for •drainage and to make the first contribution to the Ohio, Little Beaver •comes in with a generous supply of water obtained from the north and northwest part of Beaver county, and with apparent partiality for the Keystone state, enters the Ohio just at the state line ; Little Beaver, •too, has many friends who willingly assist in the generous benefactions the same receives, and send them on their way rejoicing. The surface of the county is generally undulating, bordering- on vthe hilly. Along the two main rivers, high hills lift their heads to sur- vey the activity in the waters rushing along at their bases, and to ;afford the m.ost enchanting landscape views to be witnessed anywhere. What was said by Jefferson concerning the views at Harper's Ferry, — " To witness the grand sights here presented is well worth a trip across the ocean "—may be applied with equal propriety to the scenery lalong the Ohio and Big Beaver. Thomas F. Gordon published, at Philadelphia, in 1832, The Gazette .of Pennsylvania, in which he gave the following statistical table. 62 HISTOEY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. STATISTICAL TABLE OF BEAVEE COUNTY \ Townships, etc. Area in acres. GreersbTirg Beaver, North 23680 Beaver, Big 17380 Beaver, Little 25600 Beaver, South 17920 Beaver, Borough Brighton 17280 Chippewa 15360 Pallston Greene 23680 Economy Hanover 24960 Hopewell 22400 Moon ' 23680 19840 37120 Surface. Ohio Shenango Sewicklev, New Sewickley, North 47360 Undulating Hilly Rolling Hilly Level Hilly do do Rolling Hilly Rolling Hilly do Rolling do Hilly Rolling Soil. POPULATION. 1810 1820 1830 Loam, Lime do do do Alluvial Loam, Lime do do Loam do Loam, Lime Loam do do Loam, Lime Loam Loam, Lime 933 703 1379 1351 436 1245 1090 1035 1138 679 878 1333 146 1206 742 1144 800 605 738 443 1194 1147 1035 826 1075 1098 1367 1774 Taxable. 1892 1243 1835 839; 914j 901 580^ 386| 1709 1230 2359 1492 1360 1133 1907 1903 3475 12168 15340124206 343 323 336 174 186 235 100 284 356 308 272 236 201 308 257 412 4208 The geological features of the county are comparatively simple. The Ohio river makes, near the center of the county, a great sharp bend to the west at almost right angles. At the apex of this angle enters Big Beaver, after cutting a long straight gorge through nearly horizontal Pottsville conglomerate massive sand-rock strata, which support an upland of lower productive coal measures, the most valuable layers of which are the Freeport and Kittanning coal beds, the fer- riferous limestone and the Clarion fire-clay. All the hill-tops north of the Ohio are of the barren measures. South of the river, six hundred feet of the same formation exist. In a few of the highest hill-tops near the Washington county line, fragments of the Pittsburgh coal beds yet remain. At Freedom, on the Ohio, appears, above water level, the outcrop of ferriferous lime-stone which extends dcwn the Ohio and up the Big Beaver to the county lines ; also up the Conequenissing creek three miles. At Darlington, the middle Kittanning coal is about twenty feet thick, a portion of the roof shale having been converted into a good quality of cannel coal. Prior to the discovery of petroleum in 1859, oil was manufactured from these shales. To the keen eye of Hon. Ira F. Mansfield, they revealed a large number of most beautiful plant forms, and even animal fossils. The northwestern corner of the county is covered with glacial drift, the great terminal moraine passing north of New Galilee along the highland north of Little Beaver. It is maintained bv scientific -<^^t>^ Plioto try- Aafreclit, BEAVER COUNTY Qfy investigators that during the existence of the Cincinnati ice-dam, the drift materials were swept into the deep slack-water pools of the Ohio and Beaver valleys, evidences of the deposit having been preserved in four lines of gravel, sand, and brick-clay terraces, at heights of 30, 80, 125 and 215 feet above the river bed at New Brighton. The same marks may be seen, but not so perfectly, in the gravel beds adjoining the railroad curve at Rochester. The climate is subject to great extremes of heat and cold, drouth and rain. In another part of this work (Chapter V.), an account is given of the periodical floods that have inundated the two valleys. Equal extremes in the matter of snow-falls have occurred. The winter of 1799 was remarkable in this respect. Snow began to fall on Friday evening and continued without interruption until Monday morning, when a depth of three feet was reached. Deer and other wild animals died from starvation. January 19, 1810, was the coldest day in the recollection of the oldest inhabitant. Many cattle were frozen to death. February i, 1817, was the deepest snow period in the recollection of white inhabitants. It attained a depth of three and one-half to four feet. Teams were driven at will through fields, all roads and fences. being concealed. "Wild birds and animals perished in vast numbers. The summer of 1854 was noted for its drouth ; the winter of 1855-56 for its deep snow and cold weather. The winter of 1875-7& was remarkably warm, the mercury on New Year's day being about 70 degrees. The year 1795 was remarkable for the swarms of locusts. They remained for six weeks. They made their appearance again in 1812, 1829, 1840, 1S63 and 1880, every seventeen years. In 1806, Thomas Ashe, an intelligent Englishmen, made extensive travels through the United States. He passed down the Ohio, and made observations as to its plants, which he subsequently published in London. He grouped these plants into four classes: Medicinal, escu- lent, ornamental, and useful. 1. Medicinal — Knotgrass, lobelia, Jamestown weed, mallow, pleu- risy root, Virginia snake root, gentian, ginseng and tobacco. 2. Esculent — Jerusalem artichoke, potatoes, Indian millet, wild oat, wild pea, lupine, wild hop, wild plum, crab apple, red mulberry, persimmon, sugar maple, scaly-bark hickory, pecan, black walnut,, white walnut, chestnut, hazel, chinquapin, grape, strawberry, whortle- 66 HISTOEY OF BEAVEK COUNTY. berry, raspberry, blackberry, dewberry, maize, round potato, pumpkin and squash. The tomato was then unknown. 3. Ornamental— Fla,ne tree, poplar, aspen, linden, maple, horse chestnut, catalpa, umbrella, laurel, sassafras, locust, dog-wood, snow- drop, red-bud, holly, hawthorn, evergreen, elder, papaw, myrtle, ivy, honeysuckle, jasmine, aloe, sumac, poke, elm, and long moss. 4. Useful for fairies, etc.— Reed, hemp, flax, pine, arbor vit«, juniper, cypress, cedar, oak (black, white, red, willow, chestnut, black- jack, ground and live), birch, beech, ash, elm, hickory, willow, and sweet gum. It will be discovered that he omitted some important vegetables of the latter day, whose names will readily suggest themselves to the intelligent reader. A careful survey of this region will convince the reflecting mind that Beaver county presents many strong inducements for its inhabi- tants to remain, and, obeying the natural laws of physical being, enjoy the prospects of a happy old age. CHAPTER II. EARLY STRUGGLES FOR THE OHIO AND BIG BEAYER REGIONS. Map of lYBl — Indians of the Ohio Yalley — The Walking Puechask — Eaklt Indian Names — The Feknch Claim to the Ohio Yalley — The Claim of the English — The Ohio Company — Expedition of Celeeon — Teeaties with the Indians — Joueney of Cheistian Feederick Post — Indian Council at Salt Speing — Siege of Foet Pitt — Defeat of the Indians at Bushy Run. IK" 1Y21, a very innocent looking map was published in London, Eng., combining and exhibiting the results of the French explo- rations in America. Harmless in appearance as it was it ulti- mately, by its claims and pretensions, inaugurated a contest, involving the supreme question, whether the Norman or Saxon should con- trol the destiny of this country ; for the nation or power that could seize and hold the valley of the Mississippi, was master of the con- inent, and no man in a later day was more keenly alive to this fact ' than Aaron Burr. The publication purported to be a map of Louis- iana, upon which the Ohio and Missouri were properly placed, and the Mississippi occupied the center, described by the striking meta- phor as having its head in the lakes, its feet in the gulf, and with either arm grasping the Allegheny and Rocky mountains. Upon the ridges of these mountains, as marking his domain, the Frenchman proposed to erect the god Terminus, never to be thrown down, and including a scope of country that in the life-time of men now living, will contain one hundred million of people. At the time of the publication of this map, the valley of the Upper Ohio was but sparsely settled by Indians; remnants of the AUegevn and Massawama were scattered up and down the river, and a number of Shawanese had settled on Montour's Island in 1698, having diverged from the main body of the tribe in its migration from South Carolina to the Susquehanna. The country was well watered and 67 68 HISTORY OF BEAYEB COUNTY. pleasant. The streams swarmed with fish and fur-bearing animals while immense herds of elk, deer and buffalo traversed the forest and roamed over the plains and meadows. The range of this last animal extended from the eastern end of Lake Erie to the Ohio, and as far south as the Tennessee. Small game was exceedingly adundant, and the country afterward became the paradise of the Indian hunter. Between the years 172Y-M, many Indians had reached the Ohio, from the eastern and central parts of Pennsylvania. The Shawanese were quietly living at the mouth of Yellow Breeches creek. For some offense, real or fancied, they were peremptorily ordered to vacate their village and hunting-grounds by the Iroquois or Six JSTations Indians, and return toward the Ohio from whence they came. They did not wait for a second order. They crossed the mountains and descending the Conemaugh and Kiskiminitas, some of them built villages along these streams, but the main body came to the Ohio, some settling at Tarentum, others at Beaver creek, and in three towns between the latter place and where Pittsburgh now stands. The Asswikales, a remnant of a tribe from South Carolina, who lived near, came with them, and settled in a small village at the mouth of Sewickley creek. In 1735 the celebrated purchase, known as the " Walking Pur- chase," was consummated. The Delaware Indians, living between Tohiccon creek and the Lehigh, having been deprived or rather cheated of their lands by the subtilty of this purchase, made frequent and Iqud complaints. To appease them they were invited to attend a great council in Philadelphia, in 1742. They attended under Sassoonan, their chief. The chiefs of the Six Nations were also present. The Dela- wares, through their speaker, " The Beaver," stated their grievances, and claimed that William Penn had guaranteed to them their hunting- grounds forever. At the request of the governor, Canassatego, " The Word," the supreme councillor of the Six JSTations, responded in a speech of great harshness, and, without allowing them time to think about it, ordered them at once to remove from the land, and leave the council; assisting in the latter by taking Sassoonan by his long hair, and leading him to the council door, rudely thrust him forth, remain- ing at the door until the rest of the trembling Delawares followed. This stoical Indian philosopher returned to the council, and resumed his speech as if nothing had happened. The Delawares turned their faces to the setting sun, and coming to the Ohio, some settled at Kittan- ning, previously settled by some of this tribe ; but the great mass of them located along the Beaver and Mahoning; their villages on the BEAVEK COUNTY. 69 latter stream extending to the Salt Spring, near Youngstown, Ohio. The tract of land on which these Indians settled had been generously given to them by the Wyandots, and was bounded by the Beaver, Mahoning, Cuyahoga, Sandusky, the Hocking and the Ohio, With these Delaware Indians came three famous brothers : Amockwi or '•The Beaver," Shingass and Peasquetuman, and they raised their lodge-pole upon the present site of the town of Beaver. The Dela- ware name of the place was Saucon, but on a map attached to Peter Kalm's Travels, published in Sweden in 1756, the place is marked " Shingoe's Town," and this name is retained on the " Historical Map of Pennsylvania." The place was known to the French as Chiningue, and somewhat later it was called Mcintosh. Heckewelder, in his Indian Names, defines Saucon, " where a smaller stream empties into a larger one " — " the outlet of the Big Beaver into the Ohio ; a point well known to all Indians ; to warriors of different and most distant tribes; their rendezvous in the French wars; their thoroughfare and place of transit; a point of observation, and the scene of frequent contests and bloodshed, was the best known of the many Saucons in the Indian country." Amockwi, or as he was more frequently called " King Beaver," was the chief councillor of the Delawares on the Ohio; and Shingass was the chief warrior. From the time Beaver settled at Saucon, he appears to have attended every treaty with the whites; his last appearance being at Lancaster in 1T62. Prior to this year he had moved to the Muskingum with his tribe. At the Lancaster treaty he made a marked impression in the following words: " I want to acknowledge I know nothing of land affairs on the Delaware, and I have no concern with lands on that river. We know nothing of Teed- yuscung's claim to them. 1 have no claim m\'self, nor any of my people. As to what you and Teedyuscung have done, if you are pleased with it, so am I. As for my part I want to say nothing about land affairs. What I have at heart, and what I came down about, is to confirm our friendship and make a lasting peace, so that our children and grand-children may live together in everlasting peace, after we are dead." He returned to the Muskingum, where he died a few years after, and was buried with great ceremony and lamentation, near where the Tuscarawas trail crossed that stream. Of Shingass, Heckewelder says: "Were his Avar exploits all on record, they would form an interesting document, though a shoching one! The settlements along the frontier felt his strong arm suffi- 70 HISTORY OF BEAVEB COUNTY. ciently ; that he was a bloody warrior ; cruel, his treatment, and relentless, his fury. His person was small, but in point of courage, activity, and savage prowess, he was said to have never been excelled by any one." Pie was the same Indian that, after Braddock's defeat, in which he participated on the side of the French, led his band across the country, into the Cumberland Valley, and raided it from one end to the other; killing and scalping every one in his pathway. He attacked Eeading and Bethlehem, and threatened to destroy Easton on the Delaware. This raid created more consternation throughout the province than even the defeat of Braddock. Shingass returned to the Ohio with one hundred captives, and many horses loaded with plunder. The deceit and fraud of the " Walking purchase " had been amply avenged. Beaver creek, being a great Indian thoroughfare, had received many names. It was known as the Amockwi-sipu, the Chiningue- Kaskaskia-sipu, Kuskusky and Canniangjy, Cdnequenissing. In some of the old records it is mentioned as the Conequenissing, or the Beaver. The word Conequenissing is a corruption of Gu-nack-que-ni-sink, signi- fying " a long way straight," a very appropriate description of the Beaver, but altogether inapplicable to the stream now known by that name. In the Iroquois language the Beaver was called " Onguia- arha," the Niagria, or the Eiver of the Neutrals. Conrad Weiser, who was at Logstown in 1748, mentions in his journal that ten war- riors came to town, by water, from Niagria. That part of the country on the Beaver, between the JSTeshannock and Mahoning, was called by the Iroquois, " Teyconnodarago," the Meeting of the Waters. Mahon- ing is a corruption of Mahonink, " where there is a lick ; " while iSTeshannock signifies " two or both creeks." Chiningue Shenango, or Chenango, different speUing of a Tuscarora word, is said to mean " beautiful flowing water." Kaskaskia and Cushcushkung were two large Indian towns. The first located on the Mahoning, about six miles from its mouth, near the present site of Edenburg, in Lawrence county. It was a central point, and trails diverged from it in all direc- tions. The second was situated on the east side of the Beaver, near Moravia. Here lived Pakanke, the chief of the wolf tribe of the Dela- wares, with Grliokhiccon, " the foremost sight on a gun-barrel," as his chief councillor. It was to this town that the Moravian Indians under the lead of Zeisberger, passing up the Beaver, came in May, 1770, and where they intended to build their settlement. They, however, soon crossed to the west side of the Beaver, and built a town about a mile BEA^•EK COUNTY. '7]^ below the mouth of the Mahoning, caUing it Languntoutenvink, or the Town of Peace. The policy of the Frencli in dealing with the Indians was to quietly secure their trade, rather than settle on or colonize their hunt- ing-grounds. In compliance with this policy, the authorities at Montreal appointed Joncaire, or John Co^ur, a French officer, to take charge of the Ohio, from its source to the mouth of the Wabash. He was on the Ohio as early as 1727, and came annually thereafter, bring- ing with him other Fren6hmen, including a blacksmith, to mend the guns and tomahawks of the Indians, gratis ; and on his return he fre- quently carried the leading chiefs with him to Montreal. Pie had been adopted as a son into the Seneca Nation, and was known among them as Kahicktodo. He gained great influence over them by his courage, his affability and kindness, and, as was said, to the culture of the Frenchman he added the fluent eloquence of an Iroquois warrior. The French claim to the territory placed in charge of Joncaire, was based on the well-known principle that the discoverer of a river was entitled to all lands watered by it or its tributaries ; and France having succeeded to all the rights of Spain, in the ownership of the mouth of the Mississippi, proposed to enforce the doctrine to its full extent. The English, while confessing the fact of discovery, sought to avoid the effect of it, by strenuously urging that a great part of the territory thus claimed was in possession of independent nations of Indians, who had foi'med themselves into a powerful confederacy, and were in firm league and friendship with the English, and under the protection of the crown. The easy, quiet and pacific policy of the French in dealing with the Ohio Indians was by a simple act changed into intense activity and energy. This sudden change was caused by an Enghsh land grant. As early as 1748, if not earlier, George Croghan had a trading-house at Saucon ; and as long as there was no attempt at colonizing the territory, Croghan, Le Tort, Lowry and Carthdge with Joncaire, La Force and other French and Enghsh traders, got along well together. Croghan was an Irish- man, from Dublin, very illiterate, but of great force of character. He had been in the Indian trade many years, and was perfectly famihar with aU the peculiar phases of Indian character. After the defeat of Braddock, he became deputy to Sir William Johnston, in the manage- ment of Indian affairs on the Ohio. The most of this trade was in the hands of the Pennsylvanians, and as they had a shorter carriage, they were enabled to undersell the French, and by this means were gradually Y2 HISTOEY OF BEAVEB COUNTY. weakening the Frencli influence over the Indians on the Ohio, which created great jealousy at Montreal ; and the first mutterings of the old French war were heard on territory now included in Beaver county. In JSTovember, 1747, despite the chill and surly blasts of the season, ten Indian warriors left Logstown, and took up their silent march through the gloom of the forest, for Philadelphia, and reached that place in the latter part of the month. Their leader and speaker was Canaokquasy, who was a son of the Indian queen Alliquippi, and both were firm friends of the Enghsh. The queen hved on the southeast of the Ohio, not far, perhaps, from the present railway station bearing her name. Chartiers in early days was known as Alliquippi's creek. She held the same mysterious sway over the Ohio Indians as that exercised by Queen Catherine Montour over the Indians of Tioga Point and Seneca Lake. She was present with her husband, Allemykoppy, or Great HiU, at the departure of Wilham Penn in lYOl, at New Castle, Delaware, when she presented Canackquasy, then a child, in order that he might receive Penn's blessing. In 1753 she was hving at the mouth of the Youghiogheny, where Washington paid her a visit, but she afterwards removed to Eaystown, now Bedford, where she died in December 1754. Canaokquasy, in his interview vrith the governor, informed him of the true state of affairs on the Ohio, and the real designs of the French were set forth. This was the first official notice the Pennsylvania authorities had of the intention of the French to unite Canada and Louisiana, by way of the Ohio river. These Indians were supphed A^dth arms and ammunition, and a considerable present given them. The Virginians, seeing the great profit in the Indian trade, pro- posed to embark in the enterprise. In 1748, Thomas Lee, of Virginia, formed the design of making settlements on the wild lands west of the Allegheny mountains. A company was formed, and a land grant of five hundred thousand acres was procured from the king of England, to be selected along the Ohio, between the Monongahela and Kanawha. It was known as the " Ohio Company." Two hundred thousand acres were to be selected immediately, on condition that the company, at its own expense, seat one hundred famihes on the land in seven years. The Pennsylvanians, alarmed at the threatened destruction of a profitable trade, prepared a large present of goods, including powder and lead, and placed it in charge of Conrad Weiser, with instructions that he dehver it to the Indians at Logstown. Weiser assumed the task, and with the assistance of Croghan and his pack-horses, reached BEAVER COUNTY. 73 Logstown, August 27, 1748, and was received with great joy by tlie many hundred Indians present, consisting of Mohawks, 8enecas, Oneidas, Delawares, Shawanese and Wyandots. Speeches were made on behalf of the proWnce, by Weiser and Andi'ew Montour, and responded to by the Indian orators at great length. Jhe present was dehvered and divided, and the Indians departed wonderfully pleased. But the French in the meantime were not inactive. In 1749 an ■expedition was fitted out at Montreal, under Captain Blainville de Cel- -eron, with a force of two hundred and forty-six, composed of soldiers, •Canadians and Indians, with orders to descend the Ohio, and take possession of the country in the name of the French king. As this force passed Oswego in their canoes, Sir Wilham Johnston dispatched a, runner to Governor Hamilton, and informed him of the French design. Hamilton at once sent Croghan and Andrew Montour to the Ohio ; the former went directly to Beaver creek, and the latter making a tour of •observation to Lake Erie, afterward joined Croghan at the principal Indian town. The French expedition reached Warren on the Alle- gheny, July 29, and here Celeron (Salarone) buried a leaden plate, and made a record of it. Passing down the Allegheny, touching at several points and passing where Pittsburg now stands, without mention, Cel- eron came to AUiquippi's Town, August 7, and the record says "all the inhabitants fled in alarm to Chiningue, except three Iroquois and an old woman, who was regarded as a queen, and devoted to the Enghsh ; this place is one of the most beautiful I have seen up to the present time, on the Beautiful river. I decamped and passed the night three leagues lower down." The French league was tAvo and one-half miles. Cel- ■eron says: " As I was only two leagues from Chiningue, I ordered the detachment to brush themselves up as well as possible, so as to give them a better appearance; and I arranged everything for repairing to the village in good order, as I considered this one of the most considerable villages of the Beautiful river." Celeron reached the village near the mouth of Beaver creek, on the 8th of August, and called it Chiningue, because of its proximity to the stream of that name. Some hostile demonstration being made to his landing, he fixed his camp securely near the village and made it appear as .strong as possible. These precautions prevented an attack from the Indians, which they had fully resolved to make. The village, by esti- mate of Bonnechamps, who was the mathematician and sailing-master of the expedition, consisted of eighty large cabins, built of squared logs, and had stone chimneys; and Avere occupied by Iroquois, Shawanese and 74 HISTORY OF BEAVEK COUNTY. Loups from the Sault St. Louis and Lake of the Two Mountains (near- Montreal), with Nipissings, Ottawasand Abenakis. On first approach- ing the village Celeron discovered three French flags and an English one;, the latter perhaps flying over the trading-house of Croghan, as he was present in the town. It may have been the first Enghsh flag that floated in the valley of the Ohio. At five o'clock in the evening, the chiefs with thirty or forty braves approached the camp and signaled for a parley. A short conference was held, in which the Indians with great subtilty and cunning, excused their conduct and desired Celeron to remain until the great chiefs of the village should arrive. The Indians retired to the village, and passed the night in singing and danc- ing, keeping their men, however, on the alert. Before day-break of the 9th, Joncaire informed Celeron that eighty warriors were on the point of arriving, and that the resolution to attack the camp Jiad been taken in the village. He gained this information from a squaw, an acquaintance of his. The men were instructed to keep themselves- in readiness, and the oificers so placed as to assist and encourage each other in the discharge of their duty. After waiting two hours, to see how the resolution of the Indians would be carried out, Celeron became impatient and dispatched Joncaire to tell them that he knew the reso- lution they had taken ; and if they did not hasten and put in execution what they had planned, he would go and attack them. A short time after the return of Joncaire the Indians filed before the camp, and made the accustomed salutation for peace. The ground was prepared and preparations made for a council. It lasted three days ; as each tribe had to be addressed in its own language. The council ended with not the most reassuring result to the French ; they buried no- plate nor did they attach the arms of the French king to the trees, as they had done in other places. Celeron having found several English traders at different points along the rivers, as well as at Chiningue, directed them to retire, and sent the following letter to Governor James- Hamilton, of the province of Pennsylvania, dated August 6, 1Y49 : Sib : — Having been sent with a detachment into these quarters by Monsieur the Marquis de la Gallissoniere, Commandant-General of New France, to reconcile among themselves certain savage nations, who are ever at variance on account of the war just terminated, I have been much surprised to find some traders of your government in a ouatry to which the English never had any pretensions. Those with whom I first fell in with, and by whom I write you, I have treated with all mildness possible, although I would have been justified in treating them as interlopers and men without design their enterprise being contrary to the preliminaries of peace, signed five months ago I'hope sir, you will carefully prohibit for the future this trade, which is contrary to treaties' BEA\'ER COUNTY. 75, and give notice to your traders that they will expose themselves to great risks in return- ing to these countries; and they must impute only to themselves the misfortunes they may meet with. I know our commandant-general would be very sorry to have recourse- to violence, but he has orders not to permit foreign traders in his government. I have the honor to be, with great respect, sir, your humble and obedient servant, CeL' KON. The detachment left Chiningue or Beaver on the morning of August 12, ITiQ, and, embarking in their canoes, passed on down the Ohio. The Iroquois and Abenakis of the expedition refused to go farther, it being the boundary of their nation. In the following year, Celeron was in command at Detroit, and publicly boasted that he would build two forts, one at Logstown and the other at Chiningue The Onondaga council of that strange and powerful confederacy known as the Six Nations were not unconcerned spectators of scenes and movements unfolding on the Ohio. They boldly claimed that the territory extending from Connecticut river to Onguiaarha belonged to them, and that Beaver creek was the western door of their " Long House." In this council were chiefs and councilors who, for subtle and profound policy, were not surpassed by either French or English. When these movements began, they at once placed some of their lead- ing chiefs and warriors in Western Pennsylvania. Tanachamson, or " The Half King," and Monakatoocha, or Scarrooyady, or " Great Arrow," were placed at Logstown ; Kachwuckdanionty, or " The Belt of Wampum," at Beaver ; Canagaclcreesera, or " Broken Kettle," at Kaskaskia; and Guyashuta, or " The Big Cross," at Yenango, all admir- able points for observation and communication. " The Half King" was a Mohawk, living at Logstown, but having- a hunting-cabin on Little Beaver. He accompanied Washington to Venango in the winter of 1753. The value and importance of this Ind- ian may be judged from the zealous efforts of the French officers, on that occasion, to shake his friendship for the English, in which they completely failed. He died and was buried at Ilarrisburg in 1754. " The Beit of Wampum," and " Great Arrow," participated in Brad- dock's defeat, and fought with great spirit and bravery. The first was a Seneca Indian, and the most famous warrior of the Six ISTations, a reputation not easily acquired among those Eomans of America, as they were fitly styled by Volney. After the battle, chagrined at the treatment he and his warriors had received from Braddock, he gathered his people together and retired to the Juniata. " Great Arrow " was an Oneida Indian ; he was both a warrior and councilor, and became the successor of " Half King," on the death of the latter. After the 76 HISTORY OF BEATBE COUNTY. battle he made a journey to Philadelphia, and in the state house he spoke with great animation and vehemence to a large concourse of people, urging bold, bloody and decisive war. It was a spectacle, indeed, of a province of 300,000 of a population, with 30,000 capable of bearing arms, leaning, and leaning confidently, upon this Indian as a pillar of strength, and earnestly looking to him for advice and guidance in their dire distress. He made a journey to Onondaga, at the request of the governor, to remind the Six Nation of their treaty stipulations, and enlist them in the English interest. He was informed by those wily councilors that he was too late ; that half of Braddock's army had thrown down their guns, without firing a shot ; that the Shawanese and Delawares on the Ohio were then wholly in the French interest ; that the Six ISTations were themselves divided, the French having many adherents among them, and that it would be very impolitic for them to take sides with the English in such an emergency. On Monday, May 18, 1751, George Croghan, with many merchants and traders,- reached Logstown with a large present for the Indians, from the province of Pennsylvania. He was received by the great concourse of Indians in the most complaisant manner. Two days later Joncaire and another French officer, with forty warriors of the Six Nations, arrived at Logstown, from the head of the Ohio, in canoes. Tliis was the first official meeting of the French and English represent- atives on the Ohio. They both came with gifts in their hands, to solicit and enlist the red man in the interest of their nations. Joncaire at once proceeded to business, calling a council, and demanding of the Indians that they discharge the Enghsh traders, and forbid them to come among them again. One of the Indians, in severe and harsh language, informed him that the land belonged to the Indians, and not to the French, and that they would trade exclusively with the Enghsh, as the French demanded an exorbitant price for their goods. Croghan, having the largest present, had gained a temporary advantage over the French- man. Joncaire dropped down the river to Beaver creek, where he addressed the following letter to Governor Hamilton : De Chiningue, June 6, 1751. Monsieur: Tlie Marquis de la Jonquiere, governor of the whole of New Fi ance, having honored me with his orders, to watch that the English should make no treaty ia the continent of Belle Kiviere, I have directed the traders of the ifovernor to withdraw. You are not ignorant, sir, that all the lands of this continent have always belonged to the King of France, and that the English have no right to come there to trade My general has ordered me to apprise you of what I have done, in order that you may not pretend ignorance of the reasons of it, and he has given me this order with so much the BEAVEE COUNTY. '^7') more reason, since it is now two years since Monsieur Celeron, by order of M. Gallisso- niere, then comniandant-general, warned many English traders, who were treating with the savages of Belle Riviere, against what they were doing, and they promised him not to return again to treat on their lands, as M. de Celeron wrote to you, lest anything might happen. In the summer of 1752, Colonel Joshua Fry, Luneford Lomax and James Patton, on the part of Virginia and Christopher Geust, of the Ohio Company, brought a large quantity of merchandise to the Ohio, and held a treaty with the Indians at Logstown. At this treaty the Indians granted tlie Virginians the privilege of settling a fixed trade, and gave them permission to erect two forts. The dhio company built a stone storehouse on the southeast side of the Ohioj near the town of Alliquippi, and goods as well as arnis and ammunition were stored in it, and they were committed to the care of Geust, Trent and Montour, to distribute to the Indians, as occasion and behavior should require. The company intended to erect a fort on the same side of the river, about two miles below Daundaga, " The Forks," the present site of Pitts- burgh. Washington, in a letter dated May 3, 1754, speaks of this stone house as still standing, and that it would serve as a receptacle for arms and ammunition. The treaty with the Virginians was concluded June 13, 1752. In January, 1753, a large French force left Montreal and were dis- embarking to take possession of the Ohio Valley. " Great Arrow " having been appointed by the Logstown council, visited the command- ant of these troops at Lake Erie, and asked him why he came with such an army, and warned him of the consequences of entering upon the the lands of the Six Xations. The Frenchman replied: " Child, to make my children on the Ohio quite easy about this matter, I declare to you that I am determined to go down the Ohio, to the very mouth of it, and legions of devils shall not prevent me. I am commanded to build four strong houses, viz: at Weningo, Mohongialo Forks, Logstown and Beaver ( reek, and this I will do. 1 will descend the Ohio smoothly to Mohongialo, and build a house there, and make it very strong. After this I shall become heavier, and by my own weight be carried down the stream to Kuskusky or Canniangoy." How well this fine Avas chosen, for the purpose of controUing the western country, may be judged from the fact that to-day nine-tenths of the travel and traffic, east and west in the United States, passes between Pittsburgh and Lake Erie. The journey of Washington to Venango ; the surrender of Ensign Ward ; the death of Jomonville ; the capitulation at Fort Necessity, and 78 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. the defeat of Braddock, are themes fainihar to all. The effect of this last reverse was to embolden the French and consolidate their power. The Indians in the English interest disappeared, and the tribes near and far became the allies of the French. So crushing was this defeat that no Englishman|ventured near " The Forks " for several years ; the dead remained unburied, food for wolves and vultures. It is true Armstrong .attacked Kittanning, fifty miles above, and partially destroyed the town; but the veiiture was almost as disastrous to him as it was to the Indians. The Delawares on the Ohio, however, after this all removed to Beaver creek. The only man that could be prevailed upon to carry a Tnessage to the western Indians was an honest, unassuming German, a Moravian minister. Christian Frederick Post. He left Philadelphia July 15, 1758, and reached Cushcushkung August 12, and was met by Shingass and King Beaver, who showed him a large house in which to lodge. The town consisted of ninety houses, and two hundred able warriors. A council was appointed at Sancon ; and Post, in company with twenty-five horsemen, and fifteen on foot, reached the place August 20. The Indians of the town, consisting of one hundred and twenty warriors, were much disturbed at his coming, and received him in a rough and harsh manner. They surrounded him with drawn knives, running against him with their naked breasts, their faces distorted with rage, and informed him he had not long to live. In his journal he makes his observations and comments on Indian character, and the ideas and sentiments prevailing with them. They regarded themselves the wisest, most discreet and prudent people in the world ; that there was not a prouder or more conceited people ; that their ingenious and cunning methods in council, with their sarcasms, to delay, to pinch and squeeze the heart, were marvelous. The white people in their eyes were nothing at all; that they could overpower both French and English, whenever they pleased. Through their conjuring craft, they -can do what they please, and nothing can withstand them. In their way of fighting, they first shoot the officers and commnders, taking -aim, and care to have the first shot ; by this means, their enemies were half dead before the battle really begins ; that if then- conjurers, in time of battle, run along their ranks, no bullet can hurt them. Post made a second journey to Beaver creek in the fall of this year and reached Saucon in time to save the life of Henry Osten, a sergeant' who was doomed to the stake. In November, 1758, Fort Du Quesne iell into the hands of the English, under General Forbes; some of the French passed Saucon in canoes down the Ohio, but the great body of BEAVEE COUNTY. ^9 them came to Beaver creek, and passing up that stream, retired to Kaskaskia, on the Mahoning, where they built magazines and stored them with arms and ammunition. In 1760, Teedyuscung, the great Delaware chief, living in the Wyoming valley, in company with his two sons and many other Ind- ians, came to Saucon, and, passing up the Beaver, called a great council of the western Indians, at the Salt spring, near Youngstowi]. Fifteen hundred warriors attended. The real purpose of the council does not clearly appear. Called so near the French magazines, it may have been the germ of Pontiac's conspiracy. Teedyuscung was a verv able man, and played a conspicuous, though subtle, part in the French war. The Iroquois were exceedingly jealous of him, while, the Delawares of the Beaver regarded him with great suspicion. He was a large, lusty, raw-boned man, haughty and imperious, and very desirous of respect .and command. To his other abilities, he added the rare accomplish- ment of being able to drink three quarts or a gallon of rum in a day, without losing his head. In 17t!2, Christian Frederick Post was again in the western country for the purpose of conducting the Delaware Indians from the Tuscara- was to the treaty at Lancaster. He started eastward with Beaver, Shin- gass and many other Indians, and were accompanied by many captives, both male and female. They reached Saucon July 1, and found Koquethaeehlon, or White Eyes, the solitary inhabitant of the place. Post declares that White Eyes was the cleverest Indian he had ever met, and that he thus lived alone to oblige those that passed that way. He was at Saucon as late as 1778, when acting as a guide to Mcintosh, in his march to the Tuscarawas, and he died on the route. Post and his company crossed the river (the Ohio ?), and encamped for the night on a high mountain. White Eyes and Killbuck joined the party the next morning, and Logstown was reached about noon, and from thence to Fort Pitt and Lancaster. Post says Killbuck was a great captain and a conjurer. But the council that he had called was bearing its fruit, and the conspiracy of Pontiac and Guyashata was soon made manifest. On the 27th of May, 1763, an Indian trader named Calhoun was visited at midnight, in his cabin on the Tuscarawas, by Shingass and his warriors, and earnestly begged to depart, as they did not wish to see him killed before their eyes. He was informed that the Ottawas and Ojibwas had taken the hatchet, and the Shawanese and Delawares were about to ■start on the war-path. Calhoun and thirteen men in his employ lost 80 HISTOEY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. no time in taking their departure. They, however, fell into an ambus- cade at the mouth of the Beaver ; a volley of musket-balls showered upon them ; eleven fell dead, and Calhoun and two others made their escape. In a few Aveeks the trails leading to Kaskaskia, Saucon and Fort Pitt swarmed with warriors, and early in the morning of June 22 the latter place was assaulted with great fury. The settlers fled in alarm, and fourteen hundred of them retired as far as Shippensburg. The siege at Fort Pitt was kept up many days, and an incessant fire of musketry and fiery arrows fell upon it. Bouquet hurried to its succor, but he was compelled, before reaching that point, to measure strength wath these stern and vindictive savages ; yet he overthrew them in a great battle at Bushy Eun, and this great Indian wave rolled back westward, broken, disappointed and sullen, and coming to the Beaver, their ancient rendezvous, these Indians encamped for a breathing spell on the beau- tiful plain where Beaver now stands, but finally retired to the sohtudes of the forest west of the Muskingum. To carry out this expedition, Pontiac issued notes and bills, made of bark, on which an otter was carved, the totem or insignia of his nation, and all these, unlike some modern financiers, he afterward fuUy and religiously redeemed. In October of this year, a band of Iroquois surrounded the cabin of Tee- dyuscung, at midnight, and setting fire to it, the unsuspecting chief and veteran passed away in the flames. The contest between France and England, for the possession of America, was terminated this year by the celebrated Treaty of Paris. By its terms and stipulations England gained undisputed possession of the territory extending from the Atlantic to the Mississippi, and from Hudson's Bay to the GuLf of Mexico. It was perhaps the largest real estate transaction recorded in history. It was in contemplating this vast change and acquisition of territory, that Daniel Webster, standing upon the fortress at Quebec listening to the reveille, Avas seized with the inspiration that he afterwards uttered in the Senate, in these words : " On this question of principle, while actual suffering was yet far off, they (the colonists) raised their flag against a power to which, for pur- poses of foreign conquest and subjugation, Eome, in the height of her glory, is not to be compared ; a poAver which has dotted over the sur- face of the whole globe, with her possessions and military posts ; whose morning drum-beat, following the sun, and keeping company with the hours, circles the earth daily with one continuous and unbroken strain of the martial airs of England." £0 1^ 4. ^ -5 ~ u j^ J? CHAPTER III. PIONEEES AND PIONEEE SETTLEMENTS. Causes of Migration — Chaeacter of the Early Settlers— Primitive: Cabins and their Surroundings — Means of Defense— Fort Mc- Intosh— First Settlers— Lists op Taxables— Mortuary List. TIDES are of several kinds. The aquatic pulse of old ocean, impelled by the attractive power of both sun and moon, beats every six hours. The vital tide, caused primarily by the inclination of the earth's axis twenty-three and a half degrees toward the plane of its. orbit, the daily rotation of the earth upon said axis, and the annual revolution of the planet around a central orb — the sun — ebbs and flows, twice a year. The vertical rays of the sun, the harbingers of light and heat, move to and fro across the tropical belt like a faithful soldier upon his beat. Their northward movement, beginning at the winter solstice (21st December), reaching the equator at the vernal equinox (21st March), and ceasing at the summer solstice (21st June), is always. preceded by an active stream of animal and vegetable life which reaches far toward the polar region. The retrograde movement presents sim- ilar phenomena. The migration of plants and animals, or more strictly speaking, the life and death of plants, which do not voluntarily change their habitat, and the migration of animals to escape death, may all be clearly understood when the sun is accepted as the great fountain of life. Still another tide may be considered, dependent largely upon the existence of the other two — we mean the " tide in the affairs of men." Man has, since the dawn of historic life, been disposed to face and to fol- low the setting sun. While the earth upon its axis rotates from west to eafet, man inclines to roam from east to west. His movements have, since the first people began to leave the cradle of the race, been along the par- allels and not along the meridians, conforming somewhat to isothermal lines. This migratory movement has resulted from various causes : 1. Curiosity to see new fields and scenes induced many to leave their native districts, and encounter the hardships and discomforts of unexplored and undeveloped regions. 6 83 84 HISTOEY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. 2. A desire of wealth has actuated a large class. Man's Eldorado has always lut-ed him on, under the inspiration that he " never is but always to be blest." 3. A simple wish to improve his physical surroundings, to pass from a condition of penury to one of competence and comfort. 4. Persecution, for political, social and religious sentiments held, has transferred large masses from the old world to the new. Asa rule these classes became the active and reliable factors in the regions which they colonized. 5. " A desire to flee the wrath to come " has operated latterly to give us many of the convicts and other malcontents of the old world. The second, third and fourth causes have operated most largely in the settlement of Beaver county. If the comparison may be permitted, it will be noted that when a herd of cattle is permitted to enter through a gate into new pasture grounds, some begin at once near the opening to satisfy the cravings of hunger, while others move onward and outward in search of some- thing a little better and rarer than that consumed by the common herd. Eoaming is the result. Should anyone be offended at the illustration, he may be the better pleased if he is reminded that the same principle holds^ when a number of persons are admitted to an orchard or a berry patch. Those who commence at once usually accumulate, while those who roam as mere adventurers secure but limited possessions. The first immigrants located on the Atlantic coast, and became per- manent settlers. Their descendants in many cases, and new arrivals pushed farther to the west, under the unconscious- operation of the old principle that " westward the course of empire takes its wav." The movements to Western Pennsylvania were along the militarv road to Port Pitt and the two streams forming the Ohio. Westmoreland county,then an empire in itself, was first settled. Positions of defense and security were first chosen. As the settlements grew, the new recruits pushed out farther and farther along the water-courses and into the regions of good springs. The south side of the Ohio was freer from the incur- sions of the Indians, and afforded better land titles. It is not strange therefore, that the " South Side " of Beaver county should be occupied sooner than any other. The movement was down along the Ohio from the direction of what are now Allegheny and Washington counties. As a rule the early settlers of Beaver county Avere the sturdy industrious and patriotic Scotch-Irish, whose ancestors had come froin BEAVEK COUNTY. 85 the north of Ireland on account of i)ersecution, to seek a quiet home on the new continent. They were not, as would appear from the charge of Sherman Day in his " Historical Collections of Pennsylvania," "a pertinacious and pugnacious I'ace," but, in the language of Judge George Chambers, " men who laid broad and deep the foundations of a great province, and who, with a master's hand, erected a structure of government that was stable, capacious and elevated ; whose prosperity and greatness command admiration, and which by public accord, con- stitutes the great key-stone of the political arch of the American Union." [Tril>utc\j>.'l7.] They were nearly all Presbyterian in their faith ; hence the rapid- ity Avith which Presbyterian congregations were organized in the pioneer settlements. The three divisions, Presbyterians, Associate and Associate-Reformed (the latter two now combined into the United Presbyterian), had abnost a monopoly of religious instruction among the primitive inhabitants. Side by side -^tood church and school, the two potent factors of an enlightened and progressive civihzation. Settlements occur in groups for social benefits and mutual pro- tection. The early settlers were partial to supplies of good water. Springs, therefore, afforded strong inducements to locate, water courses determined the lines of cabins erected, and Ukewise the directions of the first roads. Along these they built their plain log-cabins with clap- board roof held down by heavy weight poles ; door-way filled up with a quilt, or possibly a plain door swinging on wooden hinges, and opened by means of a leather string that hfted a wooden latch ; an outside •chimney made of stone or sticks and plastered with mud, the inside of the chimney being so wide-throated as to receive long wooden back- logs, around which the winter flames lapped their fiery tongues to attract the attention of, and give warmth to. the new occupant of the humble home. In these plain cabins, on the round joists overhead, were fastened two little wooden forks in which rested the trusty rifle or musket with flint lock, while near it were the accompanying pouch arid powder horn. The tabie outfit was simple. PeAvter plates, iron knives a,nd forks with bone handles, cups and saucers of colored Avare, spoons made of pewter or german sih^er — these assisted the neAV family to eat the frugal meal tjjat Avas prepared in the fire-place by means of skillets, baker's and Dutch ovens. Such AA^as the interior of the house occupied by the new comers. On the exterior Avas Avildness. Forest trees Avere so close that, falling, their branches could easily destroy the cabin. The hootmg of 86 HISTORY OF BBAVEE COUNTY. owls, the screaming of wild cats and catamounts, the howling of wolves, the barking of foxes, and the yells of Indians were not always pleasing to the ear. The uncertainty that attended the attacks of the red man was a source of constant dread. And yet with all the dangers attending those pioneer settlements, there were springs of happiness not reached by modern so-called fashionable society. Common dangers and hardships, the absence of false classes or castes in society, and common aims, developed a genuine fellowship and sincere friendship that compensated for other losses. The oneness of sympathy enabled them to enjoy one another's society ; hence the log-rollings, the raisings, the quiltings, the hustings and the evening socials were sources and occasions of real enjoyment, the memory of which is precious to the pioneer. Ketraoing our steps, it may be proper to give, in addition to the trusty rifle that always found a place in every pioneer cabin, some of the means by which the first settlers defended themselves against the bloody attacks of the Indians, other than the voluntary companies or associations for self protection; these means were block-houses and forts. Block-houses were built at convenient places as rallying points for neighborhoods. In them families were sheltered, and by them men defended these families against assault by the lurking foe. In 1Y93 there was built, at the Sewickley bottom, on the north side of the Ohio, a block-house which belonged to John "Wolf, father of John WoK who removed to the vicinity of Beaver in 1Y95 or 1796. Another stood between Phillipsburg and the Logstown bottom, perhaps near the present site of Woodlawn. It is not known who built it; but it was occupied in 1791 by Jonathan Hill, and in 1794 by Isaac LaAvrence. About two miles from it ran Broadhead's trail, on the Glade road as it was sometimes called. Another block-house stood on the east bank of Big Beaver, two miles from its mouth, at the present town of ISTew Brighton. It Avas built in 1786 by Colonel Josiah Harmar while his troops lay at Fort Mcintosh. While still an ensign. Lieutenant McDowell was in com- mand in 1787-88, and as a lieutenant in 1789-90. He had about a dozen men. McDowell was succeeded by Captain Stevenson who remained till April, 1793. Between the occupancy by McDowell and Stevenson a party of traders, among whom were William Wilson and John Hill- man, were there March 9, 1791, when Captain Samuel Brady, Francis Maguire and others kiUed the Indians at Fallston. The next block-house stood on the left bank of Eaccoon creek, two BEAVEE COUNTY. 87 miles from the mouth. It was erected in 1785 by the Bakers when they returned from their captivity and re-settled on Eaccoon. It stood near where their cabin Avas burned in 1774. Here the families of John Braden, Charles Bruce, Joseph Vavv and others assembled in times of danger. Four miles below the mouth of Eaccoon, on the south side of the Ohio, stood the block-house of Michael Chrislow, erected as early as 1790, and perhaps earlier. Chrislow was an excellent woodsman, and stood high in the estimation of Captain Brady and the Poes, who fre- quently visited him. On the sight of Georgetown, Benoni Dawson erected a block-house as early as 1786. It fell into disuse when, in 1792, his son Thomas Dawson erected one on the opposite side near the present Smith Hotel. Levi Dungan had erected a block-house near his home in the vicinity of Frankfort, on the old state road leading from Georgetown to Wash- ington, about twelve miles from the former place. About five miles east of Dungan's block-house, stood Thomas Dillow's, a fortress which was quite famous in its day as a place of refuge for the people of the neighborhood. When these were built is not known, but it must have occurred as early as 1780. Fort Mcintosh was built in the year 1778 on the north bank of the Ohio, about half a mile below the mouth of Big Beaver on the present site of Beaver. General Mcintosh,* by whom it was constructed and *Lachlln Mcintosh (or Lach'n Mcintosh as he himself wrote it) was born near Inver- ness, Scotland, in the year 1727. He came, in 1736, with his father and General Ogle- thorpe, to Georgia. His father being taken prisoner and sent to St. Augustine, Lachlin was, at the age of thirteen, left to maternal care. His early educational advantages were limited, but diligent application compensated for this loss. Having spent some time as a clerk in Charleston, he returned to his friends on the Altamaha, married and engaged in the duties of land surveyor. He also studied military tactics, and when the revolution broke out he took sides with his adopted country. He was first appointed colonel, and then brigadier-general, which position he held till the close of the war. In 1784 he was elected to Congress, and in 1785 was chosen one of the commissioners to treat with the Southern Indians. . In the early part of 1777 a duel was fought between him and Button Gumnett, a signer of the declaration of independence, and a rival by whom he was persecuted. Guinnett was jealous of Mcintosh's rising power, and did everything to irrest it. Mcin- tosh finally denounced him as a "scoundrel." A duel was the result. Both were wounded in the thigh. Mcintosh recovered, but Guinnett died. Mcintosh was, at the instance of Guinnett's friends, tried for murder, but was acquitted. The local agitation produced by this tragedy threatened the existence of the repub- lican party in the state. To allay this feeling, Mcintosh consented to accept an appoint- ment at the North tendered him by General "Washington. He was appomted command- er-in-chief of the Western Department, with headquarters at Pittsburgh (or Fort Pitt as it was then called). During his stay at Fort Pitt he built Fort Mcintosh, and projected the campaign against Detroit. Having completed Fort Mcintosh, he marched toward the Sandusky towns in Ohio with one thousand men. When he reached the 1 uscarawas, the season was so far gone that further advance was deemed unwise. There he built a fort which, in honor of the president of congress, he called Fort Laurens, bupplying it 88 HISTOEY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. after whom it was named, says in a letter from Fort Pitt, December 29, 17Y8 : " I erected a good strong fort, for the reception and security of prisoners and stores, upon the Indian side of the Ohio, below Beaver creek, with barracks for a regiment." The best description of the fort is that gi\¥n by Arthur Lee, one of the commissioners who visited the place in December, 1784, to make a treaty with the Indians. He says: "It is built of well hewn logs, with four bastions ; its figure is an irregular square [mathematicians, would caU it a trapezoid. Ed.], the face to the river being longer than the side to the land. It is about equal to a square of fifty yards. It is well built, and strong against musketry." It contained within its enclosure, marks of which are yet visible on the banks of the river, about one half-acre of ground. The greater portion of this space is now in the street, while the remainder, which contained the ofiicers' quarters, Hes in a lot owned by Senator M. S. Quay. Supplies of water were reached by an underground passage to the rivet. In addition, a large spring in the hills north of the fort, and since used as a public water supply for Beaver, was then available. Supphes of provisions came from Fort Bitt, either down the river, or across the country, by what is known as the Broadhead road to the opposite side from which they were crossed by ferry. Considerable criticism was made both as to the necessity and the construction of this fort. Colonel Daniel Broadhead, the successor of General Mcintosh, as commander of the Western Department, in a letter to Major-General Armstrong, dated April IG, 1779, relative to an incursion into Indian territory to capture Detroit, one of Mcintosh's pet schemes, says : " General Mcintosh was more ambitious. He swore that nothing less than Detroit was his object, and he would have it in the winter season. In vain was the nakedness of the men — the scant3r supplies worn out — starved horses — leanness of the cattle, and total want of forage — difficultj', under such circumstances, of support- wlth a garrison of one hundred and fifty men, under the command of Colonel John Gib- son, he returned with the remainder to Fort Pitt, /destitute of the laurels with which he expected his Indian expedition to crown him. lie returned to Georgia in 1779, and participated in the siege of Savannah. He was made a prisoner at Charleston. After being released, he went with his family to Virginia, and remained until the close of the war. Returning to Georgia, he found his- property wasted and himself reduced to want. In this condition he lived at Savannah until the time of his death, which occurred 201h February, 1806, in his eightieth year. In youth, Mcintosh was considered the handsomest man in Georgia. The follow- ing was Washington's estimate of him: "Old and inactive — supposed to be hon- est and brave. Not much known in the Union, and therefore would not obtain much confidence, or command much respect either in the community or the army." BEAVEK Cdl'NTY. §9 ing posts at so great distance in the enemies' countiy, and other consid- erations urged. * * * And it was owing to theGeneral's determin- ation to take Detroit, that ilie i-enj ivmuniic hulJnuj, calletl Fort Mcln- tosh, -was built by the hands of hundreds who would rather have fought than wrought." [Penn. Arch. Vol. XII, p. 110.'] Again, in a letter to Gen. Washington dated June 5, 1789, he says of it : " There is neither meadow, garden, pasture nor spring water con- venient to that post." In July, ITSO, thirty Wyandot Indians crossed the Ohio five miles below Fort Mcintosh, and killed four out of five men who were reaping in a field, taking the fifth a prisoner. Captain Mclntyre's company from the fort pursued and attacked the Indians, killing and wounding many, and recapturing the prisoner. They also secured several canoes containing guns, blankets, tomahawks, paint bags, etc., etc. In the autumn of 1781, Brig. General William Irvine relieved Colonel Broadhead in command of the department. On the 23d of September, 1783, he gives written instructions to William Lee and John McClure " to take immediate charge of the fort, buildings and public property now remaining at the post of Mcintosh for and in behalf of the state of Pennsylvania (except two pieces of iron cannon and some water casks, the property of the United States), and three thousand acres of land reserved for the use of said State.". He gives them direc- tions to take entire control of the property, to cultivate a certain amount of land, and to protect the timber which belonged to the tract. Lieu- tenant-Colonel Josi ah Harmar seems to have been in command in 1785, a monthly return of the troops under his control being dated February 8th. In a letter accompanying the report, he urged the supreme exec- utive council to appoint some one to take charge of the fort upoa his leaving it. On the 27th of April the council " ordered that General Ne\'ille be authorized, upon his return to Washington county, to place some fit person in the possession of the buildings at lort Mcin- tosh, with directions to keep them and the public timber upon the adjoining lands in a state of as much preservation as possible." \_Col. Eec. Vol. XIV. p. U8.] Fort Mcintosh was abandoned in the winter of 1790-91, and never subsequently occupied. Its houses and fortifications were used there- after only as a shelter for spies, rangers and hunters. In 1795 it had reached such a state of decay that the roofs of the several buildings had given way, and but one wing, the western, was still standing. John Wolf and Samuel Johnston, who came in the summer of that year 90 HISTORY OF BEAVER COUNTY. to build houses upon the Beaver Commons, erected poles to match the height of the logs in this wing, and covered them with brush to protect them against the night dews. Under this temporary shelter they slept at night. A very interesting question, and one that excites a warm discus- sion is : Who was the first permanent settler in Beaver county ? For a long time George Baker, whose family was captured by the Indians on Eaccoon creek was supposed to have been the first. Later and further investigations show that Levi Dungan was a resident of the county at an earlier date. A brief account of him and his family is in order. Levi Dungan was born and reared on a farm about nine miles from Philadelphia. Bucks county, adjoining, is well supplied with Dungans, the original members of whom were pioneer settlers and some of them quite prominent citizens. In the spring of 1772, Levi located a tract of one thousand acres purchased from a man named Stephens, on the head waters of King's creek, in what is now Hanover township, on the edge of which tract the village of Frankfort is located. He brought with him a slave by the name of Lynn, and began at the spring which subsequently fed Stephenson's steam mill, an improve- ment which consisted in building a cabin, clearing some land and plant- ing it with corn, potatoes and other vegetables. In the autumn of the same year he returned to Philadelphia to get his family. His wife was Mary Davis, a small woman of Welsh descent who had been reared in the family of the celebrated Dr. Benjamin Eush. Whether she was a relative of the doctor is not known; but she had read his medical books, and brought some of them with her to the new country. In the year 1789, Mary Dungan journeyed on horseback to Phila- delphia in company with some of her neighbors who went mainly to secure supplies of salt for the new country, their roads being mere paths through forests infested by hostile Indians. Mrs. Dungan took with her the money necessary to enter the tract of land selected and "blazed" out in 1772, and returned in safety, bringing her patents for the land dated September 1, 1789. One of Dungan's near neig]:bors, for a time was Mr. Blazier. He settled on a farm about two miles south of Dungan's. Such was the beginning of a pioneer settlement in Beaver county. There were no mills, no shops, no stores, no churches, no physicians, none of the con- veniences of civilized life. Mr. Dungan erected the first horse mill in the county. Captain John Braden stated subsequently that when he was a boy he had gone with his father from the mouth of Eac- BEAVEE COUNTY. 91 coon creek to this mill, a distance of about twenty miles, and had not seen any trace of a road. Another neighbor at a later date was William Langfit, Avho was distant about six miles. On one occasion he and a neighbor by the name of Isaac Wiseman were down on King's creek to get some corn ground. On their return home they were fired upon by Indians. Wiseman was killed, Langfit was badly wounded through the body, but falling forward, he clasped his horse around the neck. The animal ran to the home of Levi Dungan where the wounded man was taken in entirely unconscious. The nearest regular surgeon was at Fort Du Quesne, twenty-five miles distant, the way to which, if any messenger had been available, was guarded by hostile Indians. Mrs. Dungan's medical knowledge was now put to a practical test. Having examined the body carefully, she discovered that it was perforated with bullets, and exhausted by the loss of blood. Tearing a silk handker- chief into strips, and improvising a probe, she drew the strips through the wounds, and by the use of lint and bandages staunched the flow of blood. Then knowledge was power. Another difiiculty was encountered. The patient in his weakness could take no nourishment. This emergency was met by allowing the wounded man to share with her infant child the nourishment afforded by her own breast. Langfit recovered, and to the day of his death accorded to his deliverer a homage closely approaching worship. He died in Hanover township, August 23, 1831, aged 95 years. Mr. Dun- gan lived to be 86 years old. The second family that contests with the Dungans for the honor of being the first settlers of the county is, as has been stated, that of George Baker. He was born three miles east of Strasburg, Germany, in 1730-35, and came to America in 1750. Landing on the eastern coast, he married within the first three months a small, handsome and intelligent Enghsh girl. Her wedding dress, the finest quality of silk, a piece of which, more than 135 years old, is now in the possession of George Baker, of New Sheffield, was purchased in England. With his newly wedded wife, Mr. Baker began his western journey, and finally located in what is now Moon township, building a block-house on Eac- coon creek It is thought the settlement occurred in 1774, two years later than that of Dungan. For a number of years he and his family lived peaceably amid the dangers and difficulties surrounding them. Finally, amid the darkness of night, being restless he sprang from his bed and opened the strongly barred door of the cabin. No sooner was 92 HISTOEY OF BEAVER COUNTY. this (lone than a tall, fierce Indian sprang upon liim Avith a large knife.^ Wresting it from the Indian, he thrust the blade through the heart of the savage, and despatched him ; but he was immediately seized by a number of warriors and overpowered. Ransacking the house, and lay- ing hold of Mrs. Baker and her three children, they had decided to destroy all at one fell blow, when the recollection of Balcer's daring act struck awe into their hearts. Impressed with his warlike qualities, they decided to spare her on account of her relationship to this newly acquired warrior, but to slaughter the poor, innocent children. The sobbing of the mother and the intercessions of the father touched their savage hearts, and they concluded to spare even the children, pro- vided their parents would carry them in their enforced marches. This- condition was accepted. The father took two and the mother one. Submissively the captives followed to their Indian prison on Lak'e Erie, and finally became great favorites of their dusky masters, and were given the liberties of the camp. Gaining by degrees the full confidence of the Indians, they ultimately took advantage of a favorable oppor- tunity to escape, and returned to their old home in Moon township, where he lived many years. His death occurred the iTth day of April, 1802. Another of the early settlers whose history is fraught with great interest was (ireorge Foulkes. On the second Sunday in March, 1780, a party of Indians attacked a sugar camp on Raccoon creek. They killed five men and took three boys and three girls prisoners. Among the latter were George Foulkes, aged eleven years, and his sister, Eliza- beth, aged nine. A brother, aged eigiiteen, was killed and scalped. Among the pi'isoners, too, was a lad by the name of Samuel Whitaker.. Thomas Dillow was taken in June following in company with his father and mother, both of whom were cruelly slaughtered. Elizabeth Foulkes grew up among the Indians, and subsequently married Samuel "Whitaker, a fellow captive, and then located on the Sandusky river, in Ohio. George was prisoner eleven years, during which time he became so thoroughly acquainted with Indian character as to be fully qualified for the hazardous and important Avork he sub- sequently performed — that of an Indian scout. He was the special friend and partner of Captain Samuel Brady. On his return from captivity he married Miss Catherine Ullery, who lived on the Ohio river. After peace Avas restored, they removed to a farm (1796-97) about four miles from Darlington, Avhere he died about 1840. His- descendants have been honest citizens of the county. BEAVEE COUNTY. 93: About the j^ear 1779 Indians came to Eaccoon creek where "Will- iam Anderson, grandfather of David Anderson of later years, Avas engaged in building a calf pen, and shot him through the left breast. Stunned for the moment, and insensible to his surroundings, he finall}' recovered sufficiently to start on a direct line for Beeler's block-house,, distant several miles, bleeding copiously en route. Meantime, his wife hearing the report, started with her infant ciiild into tiie cornfields which surrounded the house, to make her esca])e. The savages mounted the fence and looked for her, but did not discover her. She had lain down in the high grass with her child. It fell asleep ; and her small dog, usually disposed to bark, appreciated the gravity of the position and remained perfectl}' quiet. She saw the Indians near her several times, but was not discovered. Under cover of nightfall she repaired to the fortress where she found her husband much enfeebled from the loss of blood. In running to the fortress, his shirt became so saturated with blood that he was forced to remove it. A silk handkerchief was used upon the wound with the desired effect. Mr. Anderson recovered,, and with his heroic wife lived to a good old age, leaving a numerous. and respectable progeny to revere their memory. The Indians fired the cabin and carried off two boys, step brothers. They remained with the Indians for five years or more. Logan returned to Fort Mcintosh, and, subsequently marrying in Beaver, went west to grow up with the country. The other, unwiUing to leave, married a half-breed French woman near Detroit, and had two sons who became chiefs among the Indians. The Poes, Andrew and Adam, were conspicuous men in the early settlement of the south side. The fierce encounter of the former with Big-Foot, the giant Indian chief, and another Indian on the banks of the river, is so well known thnt the particulars need not be recounted here. When it is remembered that Big-Foot is said to have been seven feet in height and proportionately formed, it can not seem otherwise than strange that Andrew was delighted with the prospect of measur- ing strength with such an Ajax of the forest. But himself a mighty man of valor he came out of the contest terribly wounded, from which he never fully recovered. In conversation with his neighbors, he often passed through the memory of the fight, his dilated pupil, quivering and contracted muscles and foaming saliva indicating to the bystander the vividness with which the tragic scenes were recalled to the pioneer's mind. He lived about a mile from Hookstown until 1830, when he died ■94 HISTOEY OF BEATEE COUNTY. upwards of eighty years of age. His brother Adam, younger by about five years than Andrew, removed to Ohio about 1820, and lived there until 1840 when he was taken to a great Harrison mass meeting at Massillon, to see the old general. He was taken ill and died within two week's. He was ninety-five years of age. Many descendants of the Poes are yet living in and around Georgetown and scattered throughout the west. A daughter of Adam is still living at Congress, Ohio, ninety-seven years of age. Though not a permanent settler, Captain Samuel Brady deserves a brief notice. He was born at Shippensburg, Cumberland County, Pa., in 1756. When the Kevolution broke out, Samuel joined a volunteer ■company. He was offered a commission, but his father objected on account of his youthfulness, suggesting very wisely: " First' let him learn the duties of a soldier, and then he will better know how to act as an officer." He did learn. His brother and father were both cruelly murdered by the In- dians in 1Y78-79. This prompted him to swear vengeance against the whole Indian race. How faithfully he kept his vow is attested by the acts with which he punished theiti in Beaver county and the "West. As a scout and an Indian fighter he could not be excelled. He knew the enemy thoroughly, and was a tower of strength and confidence to the defenseless settlers of the Ohio and Beaver regions. In the Bench and Bar chapter mention is made of the fact that "William Foulkes is supposed to have been the first permanent settler north of the Ohio river, within the limits of the county. Within five •or six years, that is by lYy7-98, the region was quite fully filled up. It is not known to the writer who was the first settler north of the ■Ohio and east of the Big Beaver. That region was settled, however, about the same time as the district to the west of it, that is from 1794 to 1800. The difficulty in securing land titles on the "Indian side of the river, " as the north was called, prevented settlements being made -as early as on the south side. As showing who were early residents of the county, we have secured the lists of taxables in the three great regions of the county. (1) the South side, (2) the JVorth side ^Y&st of Big Beaver, and (3) the JVorth side east of Big Beaver. The lists on the south side are for the year 1802. The township did not exist at that date, it seems, its territory being included in other townships. BEAVEK COUNTY. 95- Anderson, William Applegate, Obadiah Applegate, David Allison, Samuel Adams, William Briefly, Robert Bell, Hugh Boyd, John Bacer, James Beel, George Beel, David Brown, Henry Burdoo, Nathaniel Blair, Robert Bell, William Carothers, James (county surveyor) Carothers, William Carothers, Samuel Cameron, William Carson, Alexander Closs, Michael Campbell, John Counkle, Henry Chambers, James Calhoon, Johnston Coleman, John Cain, John Dungan, Levi Dungan, Isaiah Doak, Robert Ewing, James Ewing, James Jr. Ferrell, James Glasgow, Samuel Gordon, David Sr. Gordon, David GlUiland, John Gilliland, James Harper, Samuel Leeper, John Laughlin, William (hatter) Laughlin, Samuel Haman, James Leeper, Robert (tanner) LIST OF TAXABLES. HANOVER TOWNSHIP. Hammon, William Hartford, James Hartford, William Henderson, Robert Harvut, Jonathan Harsey, Andrew Hayes, James Hutton, John Hutchinson, John Hackathorn, Jacob Hackathorn, Daniel Hoge, John Irvin, John Jarrard, Samuel Jenkins, Joseph Jamison, William Jenkins, William Kennedy, Robert Karr, David Laughlin, William Leeper, James Langflt, William Laughlin, Alexander Lewis, Stephen Law, (widow) Lance, Peter McCauley, Andrew McCauley^ John McCollough, Alexander McCollough, George McCaskey, Matthew Martin, (widow) Miller, James Miller, Hugh Murray, Charles Miller, Col. Robert Moore, Thomas McDowell, Matthew Morlatt, Joseph McCready, Katherine Single Fkbemen. Woods, William Anderson, Robert Swearingen, Samuel Scott, William Hutchinson, James, McCready, Hugh McHarg, William Miller, Jamesi Sr. Miller, James Jr. McCarty, George Neilson, Matthew Neilson, James Patton, David (from Va.)' Parks, Thomas Peekard, John Pepper, Edward Ralston, Archibald Ramsey, John Ramsey, William Russell, Henry Reed, James Reed, James Sr. Ritchie, John Reed, John Reed, Alexander Swearingen, Samuel Swearingen, Thomas. Sheever, Andrew Stephens, Isaac Scott, Catron Singleton, Henry Scott, Rev. George Skillen, Mary Stephens, Thomas Taylor, John Tarblt, Nathaniel Vinage, Adam Wallace, Robert Woods, Archibald Whitehill, George Whitehill,- James Wilson, William Wilson, Andrew Willoughby, Charles Henderson, Matthew Langflt, William Langflt, John McCready, Daniel Hershey, John ■96 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. Single Freemen — Continited. Ilarsha, Thomas Law, Allen Wilson, John Jlarlatt, Joseph McHarg, Robert Wallace, Hezekiah Law, John Park, Thomas Ewing, James, assessor ; Patton, David, and Leeper, James, assistants. FIRST MOON TOWNSHIP— 1802. McOauley, Geor'ge Bell, Thomas Whitehill, John Murray, Joseph Ater, Aaron Allison, John Anderson, Thomas Ater, Thomas Ashcraft, Edward Agnew, Robert Barnes, Thomas Bryan, Henry Beer, Robert Bonam, Malachi Beals, John BruntOD, John Baker, John Baker, Anthony Baker, George Sr. Baker, Michael Baker, Henry Baker, George Jr. Burke, Charles Braden's Heirs, Bousman's Heirs, Brown's Heirs, 'Oooly, Jos. (chair maker) Oooley, William •Oassidy, William (tailor) Connelly, ■ (widow) Cliftord, John ■Crunk, John Chambers, William ■Cox, Josiah Cooper, Matthias Cooper, John •Crawford, George Crawford, James Dodge, John Do well, Nero Enslow, John Eager, Joseph Ellison, Samuel Feigley, Jonas JJ'eigley, Zachariah WiUon, Saml. French, Robert Funkhouzer, Abraham Finney, Robert Gibb, Alexander Guthrie, John Guthrie, J■ and the first excursion train, beyond the limits of the county toward Alliance, came from Pittsburgh the 23d of the following October. The next railroad to be constructed was the Cleveland & Pitts- burgh. Beaver county, through its commissioners, invested $100,000 in this enterprise in June, 1853, the date of the beginning of its con- struction. On the 14th of September, 1853, Samuel Foljambe, sec- retary of the company, issued a circular from Cleveland, announcing- that the second installment of stock for the construction of the Beaver- extension would require to be paid in by the 1st of the ensuing- ISTovember. This road, entering Beaver county at Glasgow, follows the- north bank of the Ohio, and joins the P., Ft. W. & G. road at Rochester,, and uses its track to Pittsburgh. The road seems to have done a good business from the first ; for in July, 1855, it declared a dividend of seven per cent. The next to be constructed is what is now known as the Erie &■ Pittsburgh Railway. As early as June 18, 1851, a meeting was held at New Castle for the purpose of deliberating on and devising the most efficient means for the early commencement and final completion of the Pittsburgh & Erie Railroad. The road, however, was not oper- ated by this name, but under the designation of JSTew Castle & Beaver Valley Railroad Company was chartered in 1862, and in October of the following year was opened for traffic. In 1865, it was leased for a. period of ninety-nine years by the P., Ft. W. & C. R. R. Co., and is. now operated in connection with their road, known as the Erie & Pitts- burgh. The present board of directors comprises A. L. Crawford, pres- ident; R. W. Cunningham, William Patterson, W. L. Scott, of Erie, William Harbaugh and John L. Cra«^ord, chosen in place of William Crawford. The route extending from Homewood to Wampum is- called the JSTew Brighton & JSTew Castle road. The Pittsburgh, JVTarion & Chicago Railroad Company was organ- ized and incorporated JVTarch 3, 1852, under the title of the "Dar- lington Cannel Coal Company." The subscribers to its capital stock 152 HISTOEY OF BBAVEB COUNTY. were John White, Matthew Elder, John McCowen, William E. Ster- ling, Edwin Morse, Thompson & Taggert, D. H. Wallace, W. A. N. Eakin, Martin Atchison, George Walter, James McGowan, Thomas J. MoGowan, Thomas F. Elder, James M. Hartford, D. P. Hartford, Samuel Eakin, William Eakin and James W. Burns. The corporators and first board of directors were John White, president; Matthew Elder, John McCowen, Martin Atchison and Edwin Morse. The road continued under this management three years, when Mr. M. B. Fetterman, of Pittsburgh, became president. Troubles arose in the management, the purpose of the road was changed from a mere local coal road to a line competing with the great trunk lines running from New York to Chicago, the property was mortgaged, foreclosed, and finally operated by the Economy Society for a number of years, until, in 1882, it passed into the present management. The present officers are John Holly, president; C. DeCiark, general manager; G. W. Dickson, superintendent, and H. T. Hanna, general freight and passenger agent. The Pittsburgh & Lake Erie is a comparatively new road travers- ing the west bank of the Ohio and Big Beaver rivers through Beaver ■county. Articles of association under the general laws of Penn- sylvania were granted to the company. May 11, 1875, and a charter granted one week later. The route began in Pittsburgh. In April, 1877, the Youngstown & Pittsburgh road was chartered. It represented the Ohio portion of 'the system from the state line to Youngstown. The same year the capital stock was increased to $2,000,000. In 1878, the Youngstown & Pittsburgh (Ohio organi- zation) was consolidated. On the 21st of September of this vear, the first locomotive crossed the Ohio E.i.ver bridge. This magnificent iron structure, let it be noted, is between Phillipsburg and Beaver. It is ■2,550 feet long, and 90 feet above low water. The Ohio river has been noted for its occasional sprees. Then the ■ieautifid river is converted into the majestic, and carries destruction and terror along its course. The first of these great swells of which we have any reliable account is the " Punkin Flood" of 1810. At Pittsburgh the water measured thirty -two feet. The next was that of 1832, when the depth was tliirty-five feet. It occurred Friday and Saturday, February 10 and 11. The water ■at the mouth of tlie Big Beaver is said to have been deeper than was ever known before. Bridgewater, Sharon and Fallston were all inundated, as well as the buildings up and down the river. Stephen BEAVER COUNTY. 153 Stone estimated his loss at the Point at $10,000. General Lacock's valuable library was destroyed, the water reaching the ceiling of his residence. David Minis and H. J. Wasson were heavy sufferers, the latter losing his house, which was carried off. At Sharon, the foundry of Darragh & Stow was torn away. At Fallston, the scythe factory of D. S. Stone was destroyed. Another severe flood occurred in 1852, whose depth reached thirty- one feet and nine inches. On the 18th of March, 1865, occurred another of the same depth. The cause was the disappearance of snow by rain along the Allegheny. Trains were stopped on the Fort Wayne road. On Monday, the 12th of August, 1861, a rise in Big Beaver swept away the C. & P. railroad bridge at Rochester, destroying even the piers. The loss of property at New Brighton and Fallston was above $10,000. The greatest flood of all was that of February 5, 6 and Y, 1884. Jesse Smith, at Smith's Ferry, kept a record in his hotel register. February 5, water was nine feet. February 6, rained all night, water twenty-five feet and rising twelve inches per hour. February 7, river four feet in the house, and three feet and ten inches higher than in 1852, flfteen inches higher than in 1832, and five feet higher than in 1810. The rush in Big Beaver swept away the Fallston bridge, which, lodging against the old wooden bridge at Bridgewater, carried it down. Both swept against the railroad bridge of the C. & P. line, and the three then crashed against the P. & L. E. E. E. bridge, tearing out a number of the iron spans. The present rapid mail facilities and cheap postage are very unlike those of pioneer times. Then envelopes -^vere not used; but foolscap or ' other paper served both for the message and wrapper. The sheet was folded with a clear side exposed, on which was placed the super- scription. The /message was sealed by means of red wafers. The rates of postage were as follows: Single letters by land conveyed not over 40 miles, 8 cents; 40 to 90 miles, 10 cents; 90 to 150 miles, 12i cents; 150 to 300 miles, 17 cents; 300 to 500 miles, 20 cents; over 500 miles, 25 cents. It may not generally be known that slavery at one time existed within the limits of Beaver county. Such was the case. In 1800 there were four slaves; in 1810 there were eight; in 1820 there were five; in 1830 none, all having been liberated by law. Of these early slaves, James Nicholson, a farmer in Big Beaver, 154 histoeY of beaver couNTr. owned three, viz: Pompey Frazier, Tamar Frazier and Betty Mathers. Mr. and Mrs. Nicholson, by deed dated May 6, 1819, conveyed to these three "servants" the farm on which they resided, the deed, how- ever, to take no effect as long as the testators lived. Ten years after the date of the deed Mr. Nicholson died. Shortly after, Tamar, one of the "servants," also died. Pompey and Betty continued to reside vcith Mrs. Nicholson until she died, after which they became complete possessors of the farm. Pompey died without offspring; but Betty, having married a man named Henry Jordan, iri 1840, had several sons and daughters. Betty, who died in 1872, sold the land referred to, and upon it has since been built the greater part of New Galilee. Levi Dungan, one of the first settlers in the P>ankfort vicinity, brought with him from Philadelphia two slaves, Fortune and Lunn, bothT)f whom remained in his service until they died. ' Isaac Hall, a colored man, bought at auction in Baltimore, in 1810, by Captain John Ossman, was brought to this county and remained a slave for his purchaser until he died. Henry and Henley Webster, two slaves of John Roberts, of Han- over township, came with him from Fauquier county, Ya., in 1820, and remained with their master for many years. As showing the growth of Beaver county, the aggregate popu- lation by decades is given, commencing with the census of 1800 : The population in 1800 was 5,Y76; 1810, 12,168; 1820, 15,340; 1830, 24,183; 1840, 29,368; 1850, 26,689; 1860, 29,140; 1870, 36,148; 1880, 39,603. The large decrease from 1840 to 1850 is attributable to the detachment of a large part of its territory to form Lawrence county, in 1849. CHAPTER VT. BENCH AND BAE. Dignity of the Law — Chaeaoteb of Early Bench and Bar — Sketches OF Eesident Judges — Associate Judges — Prominent Attorneys Early Attorney Fees — Celebrated Causes — Associations — List OF Attorneys. A LEADING position has always been given in the occupations of man to what are known as the learned professions: theology, law and medicine. The first' two deal with man as amenable to law and government; the latter with man as to his physical predicaments. Law is defined, by high authority, to be a rule of action, protect- ing and encouraging the good, and restraining and punishing the evil. Its origin, then, is found in strict right and justice. Its purpose, prop- erly apprehended, is the protection and amelioration of human society. The frequent perversions witnessed in its application to practical life are not chargeable to the science itself, but to the ignorance or corrupt hearts of its exponents. Divorced from the inordinate desire of petty pelf or selfisii fame, its advocates are true conservators of private and public morals. Those who desire to attain elevated positions in the temple of justice are reminded by the Goddess of Justice to remove the shoes from their feet, as the interior is holy and sacred, and not to be defiled by unregenerate humanity. The law has always been regarded as affording a superior field, not only for the social and financial standing of its members in their chosen calling, but for preferment and advancement in other departments to which it may be considered contributory. Hence sta- tistics show clearly that a large per cent of those given positions in . legislative or executive work has been selected from the legal ranks. Too frequently, however, young attorneys make the mistake of entering political life before they have become imbued with the true character of the law, or accumulated sufficient means to lead independent lives. The result is a low degree of statesmanship, which manifests itself in all forms of trickery and demagogy. Justice Stanley Matthews refused all political offices until he had accumulated wealth suflRcient 155 166 HISTOEY OF BEAVEE CUUNTY. to meet his demands in life. The result was a life-long position in the highest court of the nation. The early court and bar of Beaver county was represented by men of no ordinary ability. " There were giants in those days." Many of them were itinerant barristers, their residences being in Pittsburgh, Washington, Butler, Mercer and Meadville. Their influence on the bar of the new county was good. Men of learning and ability, they stimulated others to put forth their best efforts for growth and success. The effect was visible, in due time, in building up in Beaver county a bar that would not suffer by comparison with that of any other county in "Western Pennsylvania. At the first court held in Beaver in February, 1804, the president judge was Hon. Jesse Moore. His district was No. 6, embracing the counties of Beaver, Butler, Crawford, Mercer and Erie. Hon. Jesse Moore was a native of Montgomery county, Pennsyl- vania. While practicing law at Sunbury, Pennsylvania, he was appointed judge of the Sixth district, his commission bearing date April 5, 1803. Pie removed at once to Meadville, to assume the duties, of the new position, which he discharged efficiently. He died Decem- ber 21, 1824, in the fifty-ninth year of his age. He was well educated, a diligent student and a good lawyer. He was upright and imj)artial in his decisions, and sustained, at all times, the honor and dignity of his profession. The next judge Avas Hon. Samuel Koberts. He was born in Phil- adelphia, September 8, 1763, and was educated and read law in the same city. He was admitted to the bar in 1T93. The same year he married Maria Heath, of York, and soon afterward removed to Lancaster and thence to Sunbury. He was appointed from that place as judge. He was a good lawyer and an exemplary man. He gained the respect of the bar, but was somewhat indulgent to attorneys, thus sacrificing the vim and disiDatch of the court. He died in Pittsburgh, December 13, 1820. Judge William Wilkins was appointed by Governor William Findlay as the successor of Judge Roberts. The appointment occurred only a few hours prior to the expiration of Findlay's term, a special messenger having been dispatched to Harrisburgh to make announce- ment of Roberts' death. The messenger arrived just in time, having been favored along the line with fresh horses to facilitate his speed. William Wilkins was born December 20, 1779. He was educated at Dickinson college, and read law with Judge Watt, of Carlisle. His. BEAVEE COUNTY. 157 father having removed to Pittsburgh in 1786, he was admitted to the bar in that city in 1801. He was appointed president judge December 18, 1820, and resigned May 25, 1824, when he was appointed judge of the district court of Western Pennsylvania. In 1828 he was elected member of congress, but resigned the place because he was unable, financially, to sacrifice the judgeship for congressional honors. In 1831 he was elected to the United States senate for six years. He resigned his judicial office to accept. In 1834 he was appointed minister to Russia. This position and the rise in real estate enabled him to pay his pressing debts and to sa've some money. He was again elected to congress in 1842, and in 1844, a vacancy occurring in Tyler's cabinet, he was appointed secretary of war. In 1855 he was elected to the state senate for one term. During the war of the rebellion he was intensely loyal though a Democrat. He died June 28, 1865, in his 86th year. Judge Charles Shaler, successor of Judge Wilkins, was born in Connecticut in 1788, and was educated at Yale. His father was one of the commissioners to lay off the Western Reserve in Ohio, and bought a large tract of land near Ravenna, now called Shalersville. Going tO' Ravenna to superintend these lands, he was admitted to the bar there in 1809, and afterward was admitted at Pittsburgh in 1813. He was recorder of the Mayor's court from 1818 to 1821. He was com- missioned common pleas judge June 5, 1824. He occupied the place until May 4, 1835, when he resigned. May 6, 1841, he was chosen assistant judge of the district court, and held the position three years. In 1853 President Pierce appointed him United States district attorney for the western district of Pennsylvania. In early life he was a Federalist, but for the last fifty years a strong Democrat. He had fine legal abilities; was a close student, an early riser, had a fiery temper, but was the soul of honor. Though he had a lucrative practice, he did not become wealthy. His generosity was active. He died at Newark, N. J., March 5, 1869, in his eighty-first year. Hon. John Bredin, for twenty years president judge of the Seven- teenth judicial district, died May 21, lS5f. His home was at Butler, Pennsylvania, and it has been said of him that he was "an able and upright judge, who labored earnestly to discharge the duties of his high station." All the counties in his district had recommended him ta the Democratic state convention for nomination for the supreme bench. A meeting of the bench and bar at Beaver occurred May 24, 1851, 158 HISTOEY OF BEATEB COUNTY. to take appropriate action on his death. The chairman chosen was Hon. James Carothers, and Thomas Cunningham fulfilled the duties of secretary. A committee of five, consisting of William B. Clarke, Dan- iel Agnew, John Allison, B. B. Chamberlin and R. B. Eoberts reported a series of resolutions, of -n^hich the following are given: Resolved, That in this afflictive dispensation of Divine Providence, the bench, the bar and the people of this district have to deplore the loss of a distinguished Judge of great judicial experience, of talents of a high order of extensive legal learning, and unbending integrity. Resolved, That Judge Bredin, whose loss we so deeply deplore, possessed in an emi- nent degree the entire confidence of all classes and parties of the people, not only in this district, but through the state; all respected him for those sterling qualities which ie possessed, which did honor to the state and gave dignity to the bench. Resolved, That Judge Bredin, as a man, was truly patriotic in all his views and feelings; a fast, firm friend of the institutions of our country; and in the high judicial position which he so long and so honorably held gave evidence not only of legal learn- ing and abilities of high order, but of strict, stern and determined purpose in the dis- charge of all his official duties. Whilst doing equal justice to all, he was kind, courteous .and gentlemanly in all his various relations with the bench, the bar and the people of the district. Hon. Daniel Agnew is a Pennsylvanian only by adoption and life- long residence. He was born in Trenton,- IS". J., January 5, 1809. Daniel Agnew was educated at the Western University, in Pitts- burgh, and studied law under Henry Baldwin and W. W. Fetterman, two distinguished attorneys of that city. In the spring of 1829 he was admitted to the bar, and at once opened an office in the city. His ■success not satisfying his expectations, he repaired to Beaver in the .summer of the same year, and soon built up a lucrative practice from which it was impossible as a young attorney to break away. Mr. Agnew gave special attention, in his practice, to the matter of land titles, and soon acquired both reputation and patronage in that line. His recent publication, "Settlements and Land Titles of Northwest Pennsylvania," is the legitimate outgrowth of that study and practice. He Avas an active and efficient member of the constitutional con- vention in 1837, and drew up the amendment^offered by his coadjutor, John Dickey, known as the Dickey amendment, regulating the appoint- ment and tenure of the judiciary. In June, 1851, he was appointed president judge of the Seventeenth district, embracing Beaver, But- ler, Lawrence and Mercer counties. In the following October the people ratified the choice by electing him for a term of ten years. In 1861 he was reelected without opposition. During the war of the rebellion. Judge Agnew rendered eflacient The subscribers, practicing attorneys in the hitth Uircuit, desire inai iney may be admitted attorneys of the Court of Beaver County. ■t FAC SIMILE OF AUTOGRAPHS of attorneys as signed to t^e application and admitted in the Court of Commori Pleas of Beaver County at the February Term, 1 804. BEAVER COUNTY. 161 service to the Government. He was chairman of the committee of public safety. He wrote a careful and elaborate address on the " National Constitution in Its Adaptation to a State of War," which became a standard for Secretary Stanton and other prominent public men. Its publication led to his unsought nomination and election by the Republicans, as judge of the supreme court of the state, in 1863, to be the successor of Chief Justice Lowrie. In his new position on the supreme bench, he had ample oppor- tunity not only to test, practically, the sentiments he had held and inculcated as a private individual, but, what was more important, to throw his judicial influence in favor of the state, whose war governor, A. G. Curtin, had been under some restraint by the divided opinions, and, in some cases, anti-union sentiments, of the chief bench. In 18Y3 he became chief justice of the state, and held the position until January, 1879. In permitting him to retire from the bench in that year, the state lost from its supreme court one of the strongest members and best judicial minds that body ever possessed. , Politically, Judge Agnew began with the National Eepublican party, being a supporter of the Henry Claj' theory of tariff protec- tion versus free trade. In 1832-33 he joined the Whig party just formed, and remained with it till its dissolution, in 1854. He violently opposed the Know-Nothing movement, in 1854, and two years later assisted in the organization of the Eepublican party, with which he has since been identified. The degree of Doctor of Laws has been con- ferred upon liim, first by Washington College and next by Dickinson. Though rapidly approaching his eighth decade, he still retains a quick and elastic step, and the clear and active use of his faculties. While the law has been his special field, of labor, his tongue and pen have been, ready and eloquent upon literary, political and historical subjects. Hon. L. L. McGufiin, the successor of Judge Agnew, in 1863 was; a resident of New Castle. He was originally a cabinet maker, but finally studied law in Mercer, Pa. When his term expired, he failed: of reelection in 1874. He returned to his practice of the law. Mr.. McGuffin was active in the division of Beaver and Mercer counties, and the formation of Lawrence, which made his home the county seat of the new county. He died at New Castle some ten years ago, a worthy citizen. Hon. Brown B. Chamberlin was born in Frelighsburg, Missisquoi county, Canada East (now Quebec), May 22, 1810. His parents, Dr. John B. Chamberlin and Mercy Chamberlin, were natives of Eichmond, 10 162 HISTORY OF BEAVEB COUNTY. Berkshire county, Mass. At, the breaking out of the war of 1812, his parents left the British dominions, and went to Auburn, N. Y., where they remained for some time. Brown's first attendance at school was at Graham andLewiston, ]S". T. He also attended common school and academy at Buffalo and Lewiston. He began the study of law with Hon. Bates Crohe and H. S. Stone, and finished in the office of Fillmore & Hall, Buffalo, 1833-'34. The senior member of the latter firm Avas Millard Fillmore, subsequently President of the United States. Mr. Charaberlin was admitted to the United States supreme court at Albany, in 1835. In 1836 he came to Beaver county, and was admitted to practice June 5, 183Y. This he continued until 1887, when he retired. From 1838 to 1810 he was editor of several papers at Fallston and New Brighton. In 1853-'51r-'55,'he represented Beaver county in the legislature, being chairman, during the last year, of the judiciary com- mittee. In 1866 he was appointed judge of the Twenty-seventh judicial district (Washington and Beaver coianties), but failed of election in the autumn of 1866. Politically Jie has been Anti-Mason, Whig and Kepublican. At present he lives retired at New Brighton, taking no part in politics. He was reared a Presbyterian, but is now an Episcopalian. He was never married. Hon. A. W. Acheson was the successor of Judge Chamberlin in 1866. He was appointed from Washington county, where his family have always occupied a prominent position and influence. When Washington and Beaver counties were judicially divorced in 18Y-4, he remained judge in Washington county, and Henry Hice was chosen in Beaver. Hon. Henry Ilice was admitted to the' bar in 1859. He is a native of the " South Side," and one of the enterprising business men of Beaver county. He married a daughter of Judge Agnew. His term as president judge began in 1874, the first under the operation of the judiciary act of April 9 of that year, by which Beaver county was made a judicial district by itself. For a number of years he has been the legal adviser of the Harmony Society, as well as the leader in many of the public movements of the day. [For further details see sketch in the biographical department]. Hon. John J. Wickham, president judge since the expiration of Judge Hice's term, in 1881, was born in Ireland, May 14, 1844. He came to America with his parents in 1850, and located with them in Beaver county. His education was acquired in the public schools and BEAVEE COUNTY. 163 Beaver academy. In 186Y lie began the study of law with S. B Wil- son, Esq., the Gamaliel of Beaver county, and was admitted to the bar March 15, 1869. He first opened an office in Des Moines, Iowa. After five months he returned to Beaver county, where he built up a large and successful practice, which he held until his election to the position of president judge. The associate judges of the early times were not practical attor- neys. They were men of strong minds and positive convictions, and as a rule characterized by the possession of more than a modicum of good sense. On the bench they represented the plebeians — the honest yeomanry of the land. As will be seen by reference to the official roster of the county in the chapter on organization and administration, the following gentle- men served as associate judges: Abner Lacook, John H. Reddick, Joseph Caldwell, Thomas Henry, Joseph Hemphill, John JSTesbitt, Benjamin Adams, David Drennan, John Carothers, Joseph Irvin, Will- iam Cairns, John Scott, Milton Lawrence, Agnew Duff, Joseph C. Wilson and Eobert Potter. Of this number, Lacock, Eeddick and CJaldwell were members of the first court, held in February, 1804. Lacock [concerning whom a full sketch will be found elsewhere] hav- ing resigned, David Drennan, of Ohio township, was chosen in his stead, February, 1805. Judge Caldwell having died, his place was not supplied, the law, meantime, limiting the number of associates to two. This condition required Eeddick and Drennan to act together until the early part of 1830, when the former died, and Thomas Henry [see sketch] was commissioned May 19 of same year to fill his place. Judge Drennan died in 1831, and the vacancy was filled by the com- missioning of Joseph Hemphill by the governor, August 19. Judge Eeddick was eccentric, and skeptical in his rehgious con- victions. It is said that he stipulated in his will that he should be Ijuried directly on the state line seiiarating Pennsylvania from Vir- ginia. In conformity therewith, his body was interred on the site he selected, his head resting on West Virginia soil, his face toward the rising sun, and his feet extending into Pennsylvania. A heavy vault -of cut stone encloses his grave to protect it from the "ghoulish glee" of medical colleges. This strange burial-place is in a dense wood on the " South Side," on what was formerly the Bartholomew place. David Drennan was a large land owner m Ohio township. For some years he was the assessor. He held various public positions. He died at his residence, in Ohio township, August 12, 1831, at upwards of 164 HISTOEY OF BEAVEE COtTNTY. seventy years of age. Of his successor, Joseph Hemphill, one of the early settlers of Beaver, the Argus of September 2d said: " We are well pleased with the appointment of Mr. Hemphill, who is a thor- ough and decided anti-Jacksonian, and who, we believe, will make a good officer." He was an extensive land owner, and held many official positions, which he filled with credit. He died May 20, 1834, aged sixty-two years and five months. John N"esbit was a resident of North Beaver township, where his father, Francis ISTesbit, a native of Cumberland county, located in April, 1802, on Hickory Creek, south of Mt. Jackson. John was the eldest of five sons and two daughters. The family were useful and influential in the community. Benjamm Adams was a prominent man in Beaver county history. In 1829 he was chosen commissioner, and in 1832 treasurer of the county. He was impartial in his work, and proverbial for his veracity and honesty in business. He died in Beaver, June 4, 1867, aged eighty-one years. John Carothers was born March 11, 1T93, and died December 18, 1860. . . . Joseph Irvin was trustee of the academy in 1850. William Cairns was probably the son of William Cairns, the first settler of Shenango township. The original William located there in 1Y96, having come thither from Westmoreland county, and, remotely, from Ireland. His daughter Eachel was the first white child born in the township. For two years after their settlement Mrs. Cajrns was the only white woman within the boundary of the township. Mr. Cairns became popular, and was chosen constable and justice of the peace, holding the latter office more than forty years. He was sheriff of Beaver county in 1815-18. He was a progressive farmer, and intro- duced agricultural implements as they appeared. He died in 1854, at the age of ninety. Dr. Milton Lawrence was one of the prominent physicians and politicians of the county. He was a resident of Hoopestown and the father of Dr. Joseph Lawrence, who died in the summer of 1887. Dr. Milton Lawrence was prothonotary of the county for a number of terms, and discharged the duties of that office, and every other he was called upon to fill, with credit to himself and profit to his constituents. Eobert Potter, a worthy citizen of Eaccoon township, whose biog- raphy occurs elsewhere; Agnew Duff, a popular man, as shown by his reelection to the office, and Joseph C. Wilson, the last associate judge on the bench, all aided creditably in discharging the onerous duties of the position. BEAVEE COUNTY. 165 In the records of the court at Beaver is the original, of which the following paper is a copy: The subscribers, practicing attorneys in the Fifth Circuit, desire that they may be admitted attorneys of the court of Beaver county: Alex. Addison, Thos. Collins, Steel Semple, A. W. Foster, John B. Gibson, Sam. Y. King, Obadiah Jennings, Wm. Wilkins, H. Haslet, James Allison, Jr., John Simonson, David Reddick, Parker Campbell, David Hayes, C. S. Semple, Thos. G. Johnston, Henry Baldwin, Isaac Kerr, James Mountain, B. Moore, Wm. Ayres. This instrument was dated February G, 1804. At the same time, William C. Larwill presented certificates of being a practicing attorney in the states of Maryland and Ohio, which were adjudged satisfactory evidence of his legal standing; and he too was admitted. Alexander Addison was born in Scotland, in 1759, educated at Edinburgh, and authorized to preach. In early life he came to Penn- sylvania, and for a time preached at "Washington; but having read law, he was admitted to the bar in 1787. He was a man of great learning, and thoroughly imbued with a love for the highest good- of so9iety. This philanthropic aspect of his character is.exhibited in his letters, essays, lectures, public addresses and charges to juries. Patriotic and conscientious, he was not the man to cater to sham sentimentahty. He was a Federalist in politics; a warm supporter of the adminis- trations of Washington and Adams. His bold and fearless course in supporting the government during the whisky troubles secured for him many bitter personal enemies, among whom were H. H. Bracken- ridge. As soon as Jefferson's administration was inaugurated, John B. 0. Lucas was appointed associate judge of Allegheny county, July 17, 1800. He was a Frenchman, and bitterly hostile to his chief. Judge Addison. He did everything in his power to annoy and harass him. He sometimes charged juries contrary to the instructions of his chief. When Jud^e Addison reminded the jury that they need not heed the instructions of his associate, the latter took occasion to attempt his impeachment. The plan failed in the courts, as a legal farce, but was taken to the legislature, where the house ordered the impeachment, and the senate convicted him. The charges were two: 1. When Lucas charged the petit jury, Judge Addison told them they need not regard what was said, as it had no relevancy to the case; 2. Preventing Lucas from giving the charge as indicated. Partisan feeling prevailed, and the senate passed sentence Janu- ary 27, 1803, removing him as president judge from the Fifth Judicial District, and declaring him forever disqualified for holding a judicial 166 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. office in the state. This unjust sentence, which should have been revoked long ago, still stands upon the records as a blot upon the character of one of the best jurists in Western Pennsylvania, awaiting the courage of some Keystone Thomas H. B«nton to move an expunction act. Public sentiment has long since done so. From this blow Judge Addison never recovered. He died in Pittsburgh, JSTovember 2Y, 180Y. Died in Beaver, June 17, 18')4, in the eighty-third year of his age, James Allison, LL.D. James Allison, Esq., long filled a wide space in this community. He was bom in Cecil county, Maryland, on the 4th of October, 1772. Col. James Allison, his father, ■was one of the early settlers of the West. He removed from Maryland, in 1773. With his family and company he wintered at the " Forks of Yough,'' as the confluence of the Youghiogheny and Monongahela was then called. He made his first settlement in 1774,. in the territory which in 1781 became Washington county, and was familiar with all the privations, hardships, adventures and perils of a frontier or border life. Col. Alli- son was a man of great moral worth, combining true personal courage, so necessary in those trying times, with the ennobling Christian virtues. Of Scotch descent, and a Pres- byterian, he was one of the late Dr. McMillin's first ruling elders. Immediately after the revolutionary war, and for several years, he represented Washington county in the state legislature, taking an active part in procuring the abolishment of slavery, and voting for the final act of 1788. A certificate of membership, under its seal, in the incorporated society for the abolition of slavery in this state, dated at Philadelphia, in 1792, is still preserved in the family. During a long life he was honored and venerated by his fellow citizens. At his death, which took place at the ripe, age of seventy- seven, he was an associate judge of the courts, a post which he had held for many years. James Allison, Jr., was the eldest of seven sons. When at the age of seventeen his father conceived the thought of educating him for the bar, and he became one of the number who formed the first Latin grammar class west of the Alleghenies, taught by the late David Johnson, Esq., of Beaver, whose school was opened in 1788-'89. He con- tinued with Mr. Johnson until he had acquired a good education in the common branches, and a competent knowledge of the Latin and Greek languages. Indian depredations in 1792-'93 becoming so frequent and bold that all able to bear arms were called into service to protect the settlements, he left his studies to serve a term at the block-house opposite Yellow creek. After that he entered upon the study of the law in the office of his uncle, David Bradford, Esq., a distinguished lawyer and orator of Washington, and, after practicing in Washington a few years, removed to Beaver in 1803. Here he commenced the practice of his profession. He practiced also in the counties of Craw- ford, Mercer and Butler, until 1822, when he was elected to congress, and was reelected in 1824. A distaste for political life, a great love of home and a desire to be with his fam- ily, induced him to resign his seat in congress before he entered on the duties of the second term. In politics, he was of the Washingtonian school; later in life giving his support to those measures with which the national Republican and Whig parties were identified, and which he earnestly contended were the offspring of the pure principles of the fathers of 1776. Since his return from congress, in 1826, he has seldom been absent from his own family circle, unless it was when on a visit to his "old homestead" in Washington county. A few years ago the Jefferson College at Cannonsburg con- ferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Laws, an honor well deserved but which his native modesty and retiring disposition withheld so much from public notice that it might almost be said to be concealed. BEAVER COUNTY. 167 Mr. Allison had the adpantiige of an early and strict religious education, which throughout his long and useful career, exerted its influence upon his principles and his conduct; but he did not make a profession of faith until late in life. The death of his son William in 1844 — his partner in business, and who well filled his place, relieving him of much of his labor— was a severe stroke upon him ; but the loss of his wife, in 1848. who for more than half a century had journeyed the rugged pathway with him, sharing its pleasures and its toils, prostrated him. After that time he withdrew very much from society, retiring into the privacy of his own family, and has been as one who had lost all his associates, and was waiting only to fill out his appointed time. Though belonging to a family of remarkable longevity, his father being seventy-seven when he died, and his grandmother over one hundred, yet he did not wish to survive the loss of his facul- ties and the bodily strength to serve himself. As a lawyer he was sound and well versed in every branch, including the now but little studied science of special pleading, whose rules he knew well how to handle with skill and danger to his adversary. This was the result of severe study before and after his admission to the bar. Possessing a profound knowledge of his profession, a clear mind and discriminating judgment, he took high rank with these men of the past generation whose names have descended to us as prodigies at the bar. Some of us can well remember that, even in the evening of his days, he ws.s an opponent greatly to be feared by all, and an over-match for many. But these qualities of intellect were more than equaled by those of the heart. Emphatically a gentleman of the olden school, he bore himself with great courtesy to his fellow members, and with marked respect to the court. Kind and encouraging to the younger members of the profession, his assistance to their early efforts is remembered with gratitude. But all these personal qualities, as well as those of his intellect, were far surpassed by that higher and nobler trait— his stern, unbending integrity — which shone brightly throughout his life and won for him the title which he bore when the writer first heard him named and before he knew him, of the " honest lawyer." A strong proof of the reality of this character is found in the fact that, though for years enjoying a large practice, he accumulated no extraordinary wealth. Whilst he had enough to raise a numerous family in comfort, affording them the solid advantages of education, and some slight assistance in their early beginnings, he possessed merely what made declining years comfortable, and yet offered to those he has left behind no temptation to a career of idleness or prodigality. His life offers an example all worthy of imitation, proving how clearly happiness, honor and solid com- fort follow a course of virtue, usefulness and good conduct.* Thomas Collins was a Pittsburgh attorney, who subsequently- removed to Butler county, where he died. He was connected with Beaver county courts on many occasions, where he was recognized as a good scholar and a man of marljed ability. Two of his daughters became the wives of Judges McClure and McCandless, respectively. Steel Seniple was a noted attorney of Pittsburgh. He was gen- erally considered a man of stupendous genius, and although addicted to the use of intoxicating drinks, which impaired to some extent his abilities, was recognized by his contemporaries as a prodigy of elo- quence and learning. * Extract from a tribute by Daniel Agnew in the Argus of June 21, 1854. -j^gg HISTOKY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. Alexander W. Foster was a prominent and able lawye),* formerly locatti arteensburg. His -phew, Hon. Henry D. Foster^ w^^^^^^^ one time member of congress from that district. He removed to Pitts burgh, wherehe became famous for hissuccess in matters pertaining to real estate, and where he ultimately died. -r,,,,p^ Obadiah Jennings came from Washington to practice m Beaver county. He was a man of average ability. . . • John Simonson also came from Washington. He was respected for his abihty ^^^^ character . David Keddick was an early attorney of admitted power, but his practice was materially affected by his atheistic behef, to which he never hesitated to give utterance. Parker Campbell was a resident of Washington county. He was one of the finest attorneys in the west, being particularly eloquent and forcible in his address to the jury. He continued to practice in Beaver until his death in 1823. . . . David Hays, an attorney of moder- ate attainments, resided in Beaver until his death, which occurred on his farm in North Beaver township, October 29, 1821, in the fifty-fourth year of his age. He was a plain man of limited education, but of good standing in the community. He was a brother-in-law of Judge Jc^seph Hemphill, the latter having married his sister. Henry Baldwin came originally from New England. His early professional studies were prosecuted in the office of Alex. J. Dallas in Philadelphia. At an early date he came to Pittsburgh and practiced there a number of years. He possessed fine natural abilities, was thoroughly educated, and was a lawyer of the first rank. About \818-20 he was elected to congress from the Allegheny district, where he became prominent as an advocate of domestic manufactures and high tariff, engaging in many of the discussions on the floor of the house. He was engaged in the iron business, in which he failed, owing to the depression produced by the war of 1812. He took a prominent part in the presidential election of 1828, being an ardent Jackson sup- porter. Upon the latter's election Mr. Baldwin applied for the secre- tarvship of the treasury, but was appointed instead one of the judges of the United States supreme court. While on the bench he published a volume of reports, containing his own decisions in the cir- cuit of Pennsylvania and New Jersey. As a jurist Judge Baldwin was admitted to have few superiors. His career in politics was equally * In 1804 he and Roger Aldan were the principals in the only duel ever fought in Crawford county. The meeting took place on the bank of French creek, about a mile and a half below Meadville, and Maj. Alden was wounded in the encounter. ;$|S^- '"f^-f^ '^?^^W f/nrz<2J^ 'Photo.by AufrccM BEAVEK COUNTY. 171 brilliant to that on the bench. In business he was less fortunate, meet- ing witli numerous reverses. Personally he was a remarkable example of well-developed manhood, standing six feet, and he impressed himself upon his audience. The last years of his life were passed in Mead- ville, Pa. He died in ISii, while attending court in Philadelphia. James Mountain was an eminent attorney of Pittsburgh, who practiced to some extent in Beaver courts. He was moderately well educated, and was a very pleasing speaker. He died early, leaving a son, Algernon S., who subsequently became a noted attorney in the same city. t William Ayres was a resident of Butler county. As a lawyer he was able and witty. He took an active part in the suits of Butler county for ejectment. He was elected a member of the constitutional reform convention of 1837, and sat in its deliberations both in Harrisburg and Pittsburgh. Personally he was a large, line-looking man, a bachelor ; temperate and modest. He lived to an old age. " Gen. Eobert Moore, attorney and counselor at law, died Friday morning, January 14, 1831, aged lifty -four years," is the notice appear- ing in the Argus of January 21, 1831. General Moore became a resi- dent of Beaver in 1803. He was an exemplary citizen, filling several important trusts with honor to himself and credit to the public. " As a public servant he was vigilant, able and successful; as an attorney he was learned, faithful and honest; as a citizen, he was upright, sociable and esteemed; as a neighbor he was obhging, attentive and much beloved ; as a husband and parent he was kind, affectionate and indul- gent; and last, though not least, the latter years of his life were those of the Christian, and his death was the death of the righteous." He was a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. At a meet- ing of the bar, of which James Allison was chairman, and William Clarke, secretary, appropriate resolutions of respect and condolence were passed and recorded. John Bannister Gibson, LL.D., late chief justice of Pennsylvania, was born in Shearman's Valley, Pa., Nov. 8, 1780, the son of Lieut. Col. George Gibson, a revolutionary offifeer who fell in St. Clair's unfortunate expedition against the Indians, in 1791. He graduated from Dickinson college, and having studied law under Thomas Duncan, was admitted to the Curiiberland county bar in 1803. He first opened an office in Carlisle, but removed to Beaver, and was admitted to -practice in the courts of the new county at the February session, 1804. He subsequently removed to Hagerstown, but returned 172 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. soon after to Carlisle. In 1810 he was elected a member of the state- assembly, and reelected for several sessions. In July, 1813, he was ap- pointed president judge of the eleventh judicial district, and three years later an associate judge of the supreme court. In 1827 he was appointed by the governor successor of Chief Justice Tilghman, deceased. At the adoption of the new constitution, in 1838, he was- reappointed to the position, and continued to occupy it until it became elective in 1851. The same year, however, he was elected an associate justice of the supreme court, which position he held till he was attacked by his final illness. He died in Philadelphia May 3, 1853. The fol- lowing beautiful tribute was paid to him by Judge Jeremiah S. Blacks Iji the various knowledge Which forms the perfect SCHOLAR He liad no superior. Independent, upright and able, He had all the highest qualities of a great JUDGE. In the difficult science of Jurisprudence, He mastered every Department, Discussed almost every question, and Touched no subject which he did not adorn. He won in early manhood. And retained to the close of a long life, The AFFECTION of his brethren on the Bench, The BBSPECT of the bar. And the confidbncb of the people. John R. Shannon was born in Washington county. Pa.,. October 11, 1784. His early education was received in the common schools, and after quitting them he engaged in the study of law. In the practice of the latter he was not eminent, although fairly success- ful. He was respected chiefly for the public spirit he manifested. Politically he was a strong Democrat, and took an active part in the councils of that party. He was instrumental in securing the appropria- tion for the Erie division of the Pennsylvania canal. He removed from Beaver to Erie shortly before the war, where he died February 4, I860.. He never married. Sylvester Dunham was a native of Xew England. Upon his com- mencing the practice of law in Beaver he manifested great ability as a public speaker, and was greatly in demand for political addresses. Later in life he became intemperate, and died in Rochester May 24, 1867, aged seventy-four. Personally he was well formed, had a splendid voice, and was very eccentric. One peculiarity of his was- that he never read books, confining all his reading to newspapers. In politics he was a Whig. BEAVEE COUNTY. J'^g, W. B. Clarke* was born in Beaver about the year 1804. "While young he attended Beaver academy, under David Johnson, but afterward graduated from Jefferson college, at Cannonsburg. He was admitted to the bar in 1827, having read law with Robert Moore. In 1830 he Avas. appointed deputy attorney -general for Beaver county. In politics he was at first a 'Whig, but in later years changed to a Democrat. During- the war, however, he supported the union cause. His practice having declined, he removed shortly after its termination to Pittsburgh, where he hves with his daughter, Mrs. Arthurs. He is a man of fine address,, but never arrived at distinction in his profession. Simon Meredith was originally from the eastern part of the state.. He had little education, but became somewhat successful as a lawyer. Isaac Leet came from "Washington county, and remained until about 1840 in Beaver. He was a nephew of Eobert Moore, and was an attorney of excellent attainments. He served at one time as member of congress from "Washington county. Henry M. "Watts, a Pittsburgh attorney, practiced for a time at Beaver, where in 1829 he succeeded W. IST. Fetterman as deputy attor- ney general. He was a lawyer of extensive attainments, and was- employed by the seceders from the Harmony Society, being instru- mental in effecting the compromise between it and the seceding members- in 1832. For many years he resided in Philadelphia, and at one time represented this country as minister in a foreign court. ^. P. Fetterman was born in the northwestern part of Pennsyl- vania, February 4, 1804. Having acquired his preliminary education he studied law in the office of his elder brother, "Washington W. Fet- terman, and was admitted to the bar August 14, 1825. Subsequently he removed to Bedford, Pa., where after a short residence he was elected to the legislature for a period of three successive years. In 1830 he returned to Beaver, at which place he resided until 1849,. when he removed to Pittsburgh. June 26, 1833, he formed a law part- nership with S. Meredith. He was a leading member at the bar in the- counties of Beaver, Butler, Mercer and LaAvrence, his strong competi- tors being Judge Agnew and John J. Pearson, subsequently judge at Harrisburg. In 1849 he established a law partnership in Pittsburgh with his nephew, G. L. B. Fetterman, which became a strong and lead- ing firm. Prior to the war Mr. Fetterman was a strong member of the dem- * He is the grandfather of Nina Van Zandt who is reputed to have married, by proxy, August Spies, executed as an anarchist in Chicago, November 11, 1887. 1Y4 HISTOEY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. ocratic party, and took a prominent part in its campaigns. He became, however, a strong supporter of the union cause during the rebellion, and .gave two sons as members of the One Hundred and First Pennsylvania volunteers. He was married December 28, 1828, to Miss Anna M. Dillon, of Bedford, from which union sprang eight children. He was a fine orator, an indefatigable worker, an.d a skillful attorney. He died in 1877. Colonel Richard P. Roberts was born near Frankfort Springs, Pa., in June, 1820. He was educated at an academy in Frank- fort taught by Eev. James Sloan and Thomas Nicholson. He read law under IST. P. Fetterman at Beaver; was married May 1, 1851, to Miss Caroline Henry, daughter of Hon. Thomas Henry. He had three children, of whom the only surviving one is a daughter, Emma R, now the wife of Mr. Isaac Harter, of Canton, Ohio. He was an attorney of great ability, and a citizen of sterling worth. He espoused the cause of the union jvith great fervor during the war, of the rebellion. He was the gallant colonel of the One Hundred and Fortieth regiment Pennsylvania volunteers, which he was leading when he was killed on the 2d of July, 1863, in the terrific battle of Gettys- burg. At a meeting of the bench and bar of Beaver county, held July 16, 1863, presided over by Judge Daniel Agnew, with D. L. Imbrie a,nd J. S. Kutan as secretaries, a committee on resolutions, consisting of William B. Clarke, Thomas Cunningham and B. B. Chamberlin, made an elaborate report, from which the following extract is made : ' Sesolved, That in all tiie relations of life, whether publio or private, social or official, as a gentleman of sterling integrity and ability. Colonel Eoberts has secured for himself the coniidence and esteem of his fellow citizens, and held a high position as a brave, eloquent, energetic, generous and kind-hearted man. Isaac Jones was born in Halifax, Dauphin county, about the year 1800. When a boy he went to Harrisburg, and served an apprentice- ship as a hatter. For a time he conducted the same business in Hali- fax, but, unable to endure the trade, he followed clerking and teaching for a time. In 1830 he removed to Lewisburg, Union county, where he spent much time in teaching writing, surveying, German, etc. He took out a notary's commission, studied law under James Linn, and was admitted to the bar in 1833. In 1837 he moved his family to Beaver, where he engaged in the practice of his profession until his death, which occurred in March, 1852. He was the only member of the Beaver bar who was master of the German language. He had eight children, all of whom except two are yet living. They were BEAVER COUNTY. 175 named respectively, Jacob C, Thomas W., Louisa B. (deceased), Anna Mary, James Linn (deceased), Isaac, Ephraim N. and John I; the third the wife of I. IST. Atkins, Esq. William Allison was born January 3, 1810, in Beaver. Having studied the ordinary English branches, he was placed under the guid- ance, in Latin, of David Johnson, once the preceptor of some of Penn- sylvania's prominent sons. With additional preparation under the supervision of Prof. John Scott, A. M., subsequently of the Oxford, Ohio, college, h-e entered Washington college in 1823, at the age of thirteen, and carried' off one of the honors in 1828, the date of his graduation. Shortly afterward he commenced the study of law in his father's office, and was, after a rigorous examination, admitted to prac- tice December 4, 1833. He died July 23, 1844, in the thirty-fifth year of his age. At a meeting of the bar, held shortly after his death, and pre- sided over by IST. P. Fetterman, with W. B. Clarke, Esq., as secretary, Daniel Agnew offered a series of resolutions, the first of which reads as follows: Besoliped, That it is with the deepest emotions of sorrow we have received the painful intelligence of the death of William Allison, Esq., a member of the Bar of this, place. Cut off in the early prime of his manhood, while pursuing a career of useful- ness, beneficial to 'his fellow men and honorable to himself, his loss will be most severely felt by all, and by none' more acutely than by his professional brethren, from whose midst he has been taken. We who knew him best, who were daily accustomed to observe his unswerving integrity, to watch his scrupulous regard for all that waa truthful, upright, honorable and just, and to applaud his gentlemanly deportment, so constantly marked by professional courtesy and kindness to all, deeply feel the afflictive dispensation which has deprived the bar of one of its purest members, and society of a useful citizen. Hon. Thomas Cunningham died in Beaver, September 29, 1865.. He came from Ohio, studied law under John K. Shannon, Esq., and became one of the prominent attorneys of Beaver county. He was at one time its district attorney. He was appointed one of the supreme judges of Kansas, entered into discharge of his duties there, but, pre- ferring to practice, resigned his position and resumed his business before the bar. He was one of the Democratic electors in 1856, a delegate to the Charleston convention in 1860, and one of the electors at large in 1864. Up to the breaking out of the rebellion he was the leader of the democracy in Beaver county; but being a Douglas Democrat, he joined with the Union party during the war and sustained the federal government. In his death the bar lost an acknowledged leader, and the state an honest and worthy citizen, i 176 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. On Friday, September 29, 1865, the bench and bar held a meeting • to pay appropriate honors to his memory. Of this assemblage B. B. 'Chamberlin was chairman, and A. Frazier secretary. A committee, -consisting of W. B. Clarke, Henry Hice and John B. Young, prepared a series of resolutions, from which two excerpts are made: Resolved, That in the death of our friend, Judge Cunningham, the legal profession has lost a member eminent for hia great legal learning and unsurpassed ability. His sterling and unbending integrity, his energy and faithfulness in the discharge of every duty, whether public or private, and his manly virtues, rendered him an object of respect and admiration, not only at home and amongst his imipediate friends and acquaintances, but throughout the state. Resolved, That In his firm and manly support of the principles of human liberty and right in his untiring and eloquent efforts to sustain the national authorities in their determination to maintain our free iastilutions and the integrity of the republic, he took a high, manly and independent position which endeared him to the great mass of the people, and established for him a brilliant reputation as a patriot and statesman, of ■which he and his friends had just reason to feel proud. Hon. John Allison, the son of James Allison, was born in Beaver, August 5, 1812. In his native town he received a common-school edu- cation. His early ambition was to become a military hero. Failing to get an appointment to West Point, he was apprenticed to the hatting firm of McKee & Graham, of Pittsburgh, with which he remained until 1833, when he established a business for himself at Beaver. In Jilarch, 1839, he removed to Marietta, Ohio, where he prosecuted the same business till 1813, when, returning to Beaver, at the instance of his father and brother he began the study of law. The death of his brother "William prevented an expected partnership in the practice of his profession. He continued the study, however, under his father, .and was admitted to the bar in 1846. In the same year he was elected to the assembly hj the Whigs, rand was reelected one year later, and again in 1819. In it he took high rank as a forcible debater. In 1850 he was elected to the United States congress ; two years later he was defeated for a second term by a ■small majority, but was reelected triumphantly in 1854. He was bitterly opposed, in his career as national legislator, to the extension of slavery. He was one of the organizers of the republican party, and represented Pennsylvania on the committee on platform, at the convention in Pittsburgh, February 22, 1856. In the following May he was chosen -chairman of the state repul^lican central committee. In 1860 he was a delegate to the national convention at Chicago, and was instructed to vote for W. II. Seward. In 1857, he engaged for a time in the lumbering business at BEAVEE COUNTY. 177 3{^eokuk, Iowa, but the financial depression compelled him to return to his native state. In 1861 he entered the Union service as paymaster, in which capacity he continued until the close of the war. After leav- ing the army, he resided for a time in Mercer county, cultivating the .soil. He took an active part in the campaign of 1868, and on April 1, 1869, was appointed by President Grant register of the treasury. He was married in 1836, to Miss L. A. Adams, daughter of Dr. JMilo Adams. , Samuel Kingston, a Pittsburgh attorney, was admitted April 8, 1822. He was burned to death in the great Pittsburgh fire of April 10, 1815. . . . Walter H. Lowrie, also a Pittsburgh lawyer, was admitted June 5, 1832. He was the son of Matthew B. Lowrie, judge of the district court of Allegheny county, and was judge of the supreme court of Pennsylvania, elected in 1857.' After his commission expired, Mr. Lowrie was elected judge of the common pleas court of Crawford county; he died in Meadville. Matthew S. Lowry, a Butler county attorney, was admitted to practice December 2, 1834. He was a son of United States Senator Lowry, and died early in Butler county. ... 0. Lancaster, an Ohio lawyer, was admitted to practice in Beaver county courts, Sep- tember 6, 1843, and remained but a short time in the county. James C. Marshall, an Erie attorney, was admitted August 28, 1828. He practiced in Erie more than fifty years, and had occasional Tjusiness in Beaver countv- He died but a short time (some three years) ago. A. S. Mountain, a Pittsburgh lawyer, was admitted in Beaver, August 28, 1828. He was prominent in Allegheny county legal circles, but was intemperate, and died in 1829. His father was N. W. Moun- tain, also a Pittsburgh lawyer. . . . Simon Meredith, for some ten years a Beaver county attorney, was admitted October 28, 1830. From this county he removed to Pittsburgh. . . . J. D. Mahon, origi- nally of Carlisle, Pa., was admitted to practice in Beaver county, September 4, 1834. He resided for some years in Pittsburgh, where Tie married a Miss Irving and wdiere he died. His practice reached into Beaver county occasionally. Joseph B. Musser was a resident of Beaver a short time, where he was admitted to practice July 11, 1843. He departed from the <5ounty over thirty years ago. . . . Joseph Pentecost was a "Wash- ington county lawyer, and was admitted to the Beaver county courts, JVIay 8, 1804. He died nearly sixty years ago. 178 HISTORY OF BEAVKB COUNTY. The Purviances — quite a distinguished family by this name was famous in the legal circles of Beaver and adjoining counties. John, the father, was a Butler county attorney, and was admitted to practice in Beaver county, January 6, 1808. Samuel A., the elder son, was a law- yer practicing in Butler and Allegheny counties, and was admitted to the Beaver county bar October 28, 1828. He was elected to the con- stitutional convention of 1837-38, and held several important offices in Butler county. The last fifteen years of his life were passed in Pitts- burgh. John N., the younger son, was admitted to practice in Beaver county, September 2, 1851. He was at one time auditor-general of the state, and practiced in Butler county up to his death, which occurred but a few years ago. E. Pentland, a Pittsburgh lawyer, was admitted to Beaver courts, April 11, 1831. He was the son-in-law of Abner Lacock, Esq., of Bea- ver. He was city recorder of Pittsburgh for a number of years, and resided there until his death. Horatio N. Roberts came to Beaver in 1831, and was admitted to practice September 5 of the same year. He was killed at Clinton, Allegheny county, in June, 1840, as he was visiting a Miss Morgan of that place. A stray rifle shot struck him, causing instant death. George Shaib was admitted to the Beaver county courts August 29, 1827. . . . Thomas L. Shields was admitted September 5, 1831. He was a Pittsbui'gh attorney, and the son of David Shields, Esq., a large land owner of Sewickley, Allegheny county. . . . Charles C. Sullivan, a Butler county attorney, was admitted in Beaver, Jime 5, 1832. He was state senator from Butler county about 1840-'1:1, and died in the same county. . . . James H. Stewart, a Pittsburgh lawyer, was admitted April 8, 1833, to the Beaver courts. His father- in-law was E. Pentland; his father was recorder of deeds in Alle- gheny county, and his grandfather was Abner Lacock, of Beaver. George Watson, a Pittsburgh attorney, familiarly known as "Lawyer Cake," — a title given because his mother sold cakes — was admitted in Beaver, Jaly 25, 1823. He has been dead more than forty years. . . . John H. Waugh, a Pittsburgh and Washington (Penn- sylvania) attorney, was admitted in Beaver, October 27, 1828. John B. Wallace, a member of the Philadelphia and Crawford county bars, was admitted to Beaver county courts, January 13, 1839. John Williamson, a Pittsburgh laAvyer, was admitted to practice before Beaver courts, June 5, 1843 . . . Joseph H. Wilson, a native of Beaver county, was admitted June 5, 1850. His father was ^^^w^ J't. BEAVEE COUNTY. 181 Thomas "Wilson, Esq. Joseph was at- one time a member of the state senate from Beaver county. At the breaking out of the rebellion he offered his services, and was commissioned as colonel. He took sick on the Peninsula under McClellan, and died of typhoid fever. Hugh W. Weir was admitted in Beaver, March 8, 1852. He is now practicing in Pittsburgh. . . . Moses B. Welsh, a native of Beaver county, was admitted March 14, 1853. From Beaver, Mr. Welsh removed to New Castle, Lawrence county. ... J. W. F. White, originally a citizen of Washington, Pa., where for a number of years he edited the Washington Reporter, came to Pittsburgh, and was admitted to practice in Beaver county, March 19, 1859. He was elected judge of Court No. 2, in Pittsburgh — a position to which he has since been reelected. George W. Smith, a Butler county attorney, was admitted in Bea- ver, June 3, 1833. He subsequently removed to Kansas during the border troubles, and became prominent in that state. . . . S. W. Sample was admitted to practice at the bar of Beaver county, March Y, 1838. . . . GustaVus A. Scroggs was at one time a member of the bar of Beaver county, where he was admitted to practice June 4, 1845. His father, John A. Scroggs, was prothonotary of the county about 1836-39. Gustavus removed to Buffalo, N. Y., shortly after his admission, and died there m 1885. He had accumulated considerable wealth before his death. Edmund Snowden, son of John M. Snowden, of Pittsburgh, was admitted in Beaver, September 13, 1854. He was a prominent attor- ney in Pittsburgh. . . . Bradford E. Todd, son of Eev. William Todd, at one time instructor in the Beaver Academy, was admitted to the Beaver county bar, September 8, 1841. He remained in Beaver only a few years, when he removed to Pittsburgh, and continued his practice there. . . . Alexander W. Thompson, a physician and lawyer of Hopewell township, Beaver county, was admitted September 9, 1869. He was prothonotary of the county in 1854^'55, and was chosen member of the assembly in 1884. Charles Von Bonhorst, a Pittsburgh attorney, was admitted to practice before Beaver county courts, July 23, 1824. He claimed to be a German nobleman of high rank. His son, Sidney F. Yon Bon- horst, was a prominent musician of Pittsburgh, and was at one time one of its aldermen. . . . Joseph Weigley was admitted to prac- tice in Beaver county, July 7, 1804. . . . Charles Wilkins, a Pitts- burgh lawyer, was admitted November 8, 1808. He was a brother of 11 182 HISTOET OF BEAVER COUNTY. Hon. William Wilkins, once United States senator. . . . James Wills was admitted to practice in Beaver county, July 4, 1812. Warren S. Dungan was born at Frankfort Springs, Beaver county. Pa., September 12, 1822. He was educated at Frankford academy, and commenced Ms professional studies in the law office of Col. Calvin Miller, of Pamola, Miss. He subsequentlj^ spent a year in the office of Eoberts & May, in Beaver, at Avhich place he was admitted to the bar, March 12, 1856. He immediately went to Chariton, Iowa, and commenced the practice of his profession, where he still con- tinues. Being an active Eepublican, Col. Dungan was elected to the state senate in 1861, for a term of four years; but after serving in the regular winter session of 1861-'62, and in an extra session called to pro- vide a method of taking the votes of Iowa soldiers in the field, he resigned, enlisted in the army as a private soldier, recruited a company, of which he was unanimously chosen captain, and took the field. At the organization of the Thirty-fourth Iowa Infantry, he was com- missioned lieutenant-colonel of that regiment, and was afterwards breveted colonel United States Volunteers for gallant conduct in the vicinity of Mobile, Alabama. In 1872 he was chosen delegate to the republican national con- vention that nominated General Grant for a second term; and in the following election was a presidential elector. He was elected to the Iowa legislature in the fall of 1879, and reelected to the next regular session of the house. In the Nineteeenth general assembly, he was chairman of the judiciary committee of the house. Being a prominent member and elder of the Presbyterian church. Col. Dungan was twice chosen as a delegate to the general assembly of that church, which met in 1875, at Toledo, Ohio, and in 1885 at Cincinnati, Ohio. He was elected state senator in Iowa at the fall election of 1887. James S. Kutan was born in Carroll county, Ohio, May 29, 1838, being the son of Alexander A. Rutan, an influential farmer. His edu- cation was obtained in Eichmond college, Ohio, and at Beaver academy. Having taught school for a year, he studied law in the office of the lamented Colonel E. P. Eoberts, and was subsequently admit- ted to the bar. He began his practice at Beaver, where he continued till September, 1861, when he entered the army as first lieutenant of a company in the One Hundred and First Pennsylvania regiment, and served till August, 1862, when, owing to ill health, he was discharged. Eeturning home, he was elected district attorney of Beaver county, which position he held six years. In 1868 he was chosen as the repre- BEAVER COUNTY. 183 sentative of the state to carry the electoral count to the national capital. In 1869 he was elected to the state senate, and was speaker of that body in 1872. On May 2, 1865, he was married to a daugh- ter of Eev. Dr. Cox, of Beaver, Pa. At present he resides in Pitts- burgh. Attorneys did not accumulate wealth rapidly in the primitive days. Fees were small, and paid often in other ways than by ]:)assing over gold and silver, as will be attested by the following note found by the author of this history in the papers of William Clarke, long a justice of the peace in Beaver: Three months after date, I promise to pay David Hayes, or order, two dollars in merchantable wheat, rye or other trade, as will suit said David, for attending to a case of habeas corpus in which Charles Take, imprisoned, was discharged. July 4, 1811. Job Mask. The following case shows that, while J. Bannister Gibson did not make either money or reputation in Beaver, he was not wholly Avithout business: Elias Milor ) Issue summons wherefore with force and arm, he, the said vs. > James Magaw, on the said Elias Milor an assault did make at the James Magaw. ) county aforesaid, and him did there beat, wound and evilly treat and other wrongs to him did, to the great damage of the said Elias and against the peace. Elias Milok. To David Johnson, Proth: The bearer says he has not money about him to pay for the writ, but if you don't think proper to trust him, I will be accountable for the price of it. (Signed) John B. Gibson. "Whether the future chief justice was compelled to pay the price of the writ is not known; but it is a matter of record that the said Elias Milor, a resident of Ohio township, did within a year or two — viz., April 20, 1806 — commit suicide by hanging himself near the fence of Thomas Nevil, in said township. A coroner's jury, summoned by David Drennan, and consisting of Samuel Johnston, John Cotton, Will- iam Foulkes, Thomas Hamilton, Alexander Eeed, Oliver Mitchell, George Foulkes, Noble Eayl, William Duncan, Samuel Eobb, David Calhoon and David Findley, found verdict in harmony with the fore- going fact. The first trial for murder in the county originated thus : William Foulkes, who is reported to have been the first permanent white settler in the county north of the Ohio river, lived in what is now Ohio town- ship between what was known as the Salem meeting-house and the Lit- tle Beaver. He located in 1Y91, and had made an improvement prior to April 14, 1792, on a tract which at that time was granted by war- 184: HISTOEY OF BEATEE COUNTY. rant, and subject to all the predicaments mentioned in the chapter on internal affairs under the head of land titles. He was somewhat noted. He brought the first suit in the February term of court,, 1804, in an. action for slander. On Wednesday, September 23, 1807, WiUiam B. Irish, deputy United States marshal, accompanied by Eunion Williams, George Holdship and James Hamilton, went to eject a number of actual settlers, among whom was William Foulkes. who had occupied his land nearly seventeen years and had paid the price required by law. His improvements — eighty acres cleared, fenced and cultivated, a two- story house and a double barn — were valuable. After ejecting, under recent decisions of the supreme court of the United States, all those against whom writs were held the party proceeded to the house of Foulkes to execute a writ of haberi facias possessionem in the case of the Pennsylvania Population Company vs. WiUiam Foulkes. Eunion Williams was the agent of the Pennsylvania Population Com- pany in Beaver county, James Hamilton an active and zealous par- tisan of the company and a settler under them; George Holdship was a justice of the peace, and summoned by Irish as an assistant. The marshal and his party had reached the lane leading to the house of Foulkes, when they were fired upon by persons concealed in a thicket of brushes on the roadside. Three or four reports of guns were heard, and James Hamilton called out, " Sheriff, I am gone ! " and instantly fell from his horse to the ground, and expired in a few minutes. The marshal laid Hamilton on his back on the ground, and^ placing his hat over his face, got, on horseback and rode back in com- pany with the survivors with all speed to Greersburg, and made oath as to the facts before John Johnston, Esq. On the 29th of September, 1807, William Foulkes, on oath of Eun- ion Williams, was.taken before William Clarke, justice of the peace, on. warrant charging that he thought his life in danger from Foulkes, who, it appears, had said that, if Williams should come to his house to dis- possess him, he would break one of his legs or thighs. Several gentle- men who were present offered to go bail for Foulkes, among whom was Abner Laoock. Justice Clarke fixed the bail at $2,000, and LaCock was accepted as bail for that amount. At the court of quarter sessions, November 4, Kobert Moore, Esq., moved to have Foulkes and his bail discharged from their recognizance. This was opposed by James Allison, attorney for the Population Com- pany, and the matter was postponed by the court. On Saturday morn- BEAVEE COUNTY. 185 ing at two o'clock, the court having adjourned to Hemphill's tavern to receive the verdict of a jury then sitting, the court was again opened by Judges Roberts and Reddick, and at that untimely hour, without the knowledge of Judges Caldwell and Drennan, Foulkes and his bail were called to enter into a new recognizance, or forfeit and pay $2,000. At this strange proceeding all the inhabitants stood amazed; the absent judges appeared and protested with such firmness as to compel the other judges to yield on condition that Foulkes should enter into a new recognizance before a justice of the peace. On Thursday, November 5, 180Y, the court convened with Judges Roberts and his associates, Reddick, Drennan and Cald well, on the bench, to try the case of The Commonwealth against Nathaniel Eakin, charged with the murder of James Hamilton. The grand jury which presented the indictment had Dr. Samuel Adams as foreman. The petit jury consisted of John Reed, Robert Darragh, David Kerr, Joseph McCready, Joshua Hartshorn, Hugh McCready, Thomas Har- vey, James Elliott, Nathaniel Blackmore, Abraham Lyon, Matthias Hook and Dawson Blackmore. The counsel for the prosecution consisted of James Allison, deputy commonwealth attorney, aided by John Simonson and David Hayes. The defense was conducted by Parker Campbell, Robert Moore and James Mountain. The witnesses for the commonwealth included George Holdship, Isaac Bell, Sarah Lemington, Nathan Rayl, Robert Colvin, Alexander Anderson, John Anderson, George Stewart, Benjamin James and Noble Rayl. Those for the defense were James Hamil- ton, Delilah Johnson, William Cameron, Isaac Clark, John Aikin, James McCollough, Nancy Cameron, Peter Barnes, James Calhoun and Thomas Findley. Nathaniel Eakin, a resident of South Beaver township, " a yeo- man, being moved and seduced by the instigation of the devil," was charged with killing Hamilton with a gun (valued at $2.00) loaded with gunpowder and a leaden bullet, hitting him on the left thigh below the groin and producing a mortal wound from which he instantly died. Witnesses were called on the part of the prosecution, some of whom proved that the prisoner ha,d used threats in 1806 to the effect that if the marshal should come to dispossess any of the actual set- tlers, he would turn out with his gun, that blood would be spilt, and that he had no doubt but that there would be civil war. It was also proved that the evening preceding the day the marshal came, at a late hour, he was conversing with a young man of the neighborhood rela- 186 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. tive to the marshal's coming out, and the blacking of faces at the end of Foulkes' lane. It was further shown that he was at Foulkes' on Monday, with his gun. On the part of the prisoner it was proved that immediately before the guns were fired, he was standing in Foullies' peach orchard, and that immediately after he was standing in the same place. The dis- tance was so great, it was held, the prisoner could not have been one of the persons who fired. It was also proven that the gun of the prisoner was in Foulkes' house at the time the guns were fired. Foulkes was called as a witness on the part of the prisoner. In the course of his examination he declared that it was his intention to oppose the mar- shal; that he was in his own house when the guns were fired, and was resolved not to give possession but with his life. Mr. Mountain reminded him that he was not bound to criminate himself. The presi- dent judge said he was doing that as fast as possible. The charge of the court was impressive, and somewhat severe against the prisoner. The jury, after a few minutes' consultation, returned a verdict " not guilty." Omitting many murder trials, the principals in which were never executed, we give the general account of the only criminal ever exe- cuted in Beaver county. On the 21st of March, 1862, Eli F. Sheets, of South Beaver township, a young man twenty years of age, shot John Ans- ley, of the same neighborhood, twice through the head, thrice through the back and once through the right arm, producing instant death. William K. Boden was foreman of the grand jury that found the bill of indictment. The case came up for trial at the June term of court, 1862, but was continued to the September term. The district attorney was John B. Young. The counsel for the defendant embraced N P. Fetterman, S. B. Wilson and Henry Hice. The petit jury, John Stevenson, John Hesson, Henry Schramm, Anthony Barrett, Joseph Boots, Samuel Nelson, James C. Ferguson, William Gill, Benjamin Hall, John Cochran and James H. Dungan. The verdict of the jury was " Guilty of murder in the first degree." It was rendered Sep- tember 18. The next day, N. P. Fetterman moved for a new trial on the following grounds: 1. Two horse-shoes not given in evidence were, without the knowledge or consent of the defendant, sent out with the jury when they retired to form verdict. 2. Yerdict not sustained by law and evidence. 3. The discovery of new and material evidence. 4. James C. Ferguson, juror, while in the box was asleep. The motion for new trial was overruled by the court, Judge BEAVER COUNTY 18Y Daniel Agnew presiding. The prisoner was sentenced to be hanged. On the 22d of October, the convict, through the assistance of the turni key, Daniel Dunbarington, escaped from the jail. Sheriff John Rob- erts offered a reward of $500 for his apprehension, and sent descriptive circulars ever3"where. Dunbarington was arrested and confined in jail. Thomas Cunningham and others frightened him by asserting that he would be compelled to share the fate of the prisoner whom he had per- mitted to escape. lie finally informed the sheriff, that he could go to the place of Sheets' concealment. He escorted the sheriff, assisted by a posse, to the house of Mrs. Dr. R. B. Barker, near the river's bank, where he was found concealed under a bed. He was rearrested, and finally executed on Friday, April 10, 1863. On the 20th of April, 1876, was chartered the " Law Association of Beaver County," whose purpose was thus expressed: (1) To advance learning in tlie law and to provide and maintain a library. (3) To promote integrity and decorum in the legal profession, and to take measures for the exclusion from the bar of unworthy members thereof. (3) To use all proper means for enforcing obedience to the law by those concerned in the administration of the business of our judicial tribunals and the officers having charge of our public records. (4) To enforce among our members courtesy and the observance of proper professional rules. (5) To make efforts to improve the law and its adjninistration and to protect it from dangerous innovations. (6) To guard the bar and judicial tribunals, their officers and members, from the invasion of their rights and privileges, and to maintain their proper influence. (7) To promote kind and useful intercourse among those concerned in the administration of justice. (8) To maintain the character and influence of the bar of Beaver county. The minimum terms of initiation were fixed thus: (1) Two-thirds vote of charter members (2) The payment of ten dollars. The names of charter members are Brown B. Chamberlin, Samuel Magaw, Joseph Ledlie, J. R. Harrah, Frank Wilson, G. L. Eberhart, Alfred S. Moore, F. H. Agnew, S. B. Wilson, W. S. Morlan, E. B. Daugherty, J. J. Wickham, Thomas Henry, H. R. Moore, James K. Piersol, John M. Buchanan, O. A. Small, N". C. Martin and W. S. Moore. A fee bill was established and published which, it is proper to state, does designate " merchantable wheat, rye or other trade " as an acceptable legal tender for services rendered. In the spring of 1887, the bar of the county rendered " The Mer- chant of Venice " with fine effect at Bridgewater and Beaver Falls. This success prompted the forming in June of the same year of the Beaver Dramatic Association for rendering other Shakspearean plays in the future. The officers chosen were — President, J. H. Cunning- 188 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. ham; vice-president, J. Sharp Wilson ; recording secretary, Miss Manae Stone; corresponding secretary, W. H. S. Thompson, Esq. Following is a list of attorneys admitted to practice in the courts of Beaver county from its organization to the present time, with dates of admission. Many of them were non-i'esidents of the county. Of many, 'character or biographical sketches will be found in this chapter under the part relating to the Bench or the Bar; and of many of the living representatives fuller accounts will be noticed inj,he biographical portion of the volume. Addison, Alexander, 6 Feb., 1804. Allison, James, 6 Feb., 1804. Ayers, William, 6 Feb., 1804. Agnew, Daniel, 24 August, 1829. Allison, "William, 4 Dec, 1833. Alexander, James, 6 June, 1837. Ayers, Jonathan, 4 Dec, 1844. Allison, John, 26 Nov., 1845. Alden, T. Fox, 10 June, 184T. Appleton, Geo. E., 23 March, 1849. Adams, Capt. Samuel, 8 June, 1858. Austin, "Walter F., 14 June, 1869. Agnew, Franklin H., 2 Sept., 1873. Ambler, J. A., 6 June, 1876. Acheson, Marcus "W , 8 April, 1878. Baldwin, Henry, 6 Feb., 1804. Blockson, Fisher A., 11 May, 1805. Burke, Eobert, 28 August, 1826. Beall, Thomas E., 10 Sept., 1885. Buchanan, James "W., 11 July, 1843. Boyd, J K., 28 Nov., 1843. Barton, John, 4 June, 1845. Budd, — ., 10 March, 1846. Bradford, Charles S., 15 Jan., 1848. Black, Samuel W., 14 Jan., 1850. Brady, Jasper E., 19 March, 1850. , Bliss, James G., 14 Sept., 1853. Bakewell, William, 5 June, 1865. Brady, Freeman, Jr., 5 June, 1865. Braden, J. D., 5 June, 1865. Buchanan, John M., 2 Sept., 1872. Bowman, 0. O., 12 June, 1874. Barrett, James A., 6 Dec, 1875. Bigger, Ellis N., 3 June, 1879. Black, Samuel James, 9 Oct., 1882. Campbell, Parker, 6 Feb., 1804. Campbell, Henry, 7 August, 1815. Crafl, James 8., 9 April, 1821. Clarke, William B., 31 May, 1837. Chew, Joseph T., 12 April, 1830. Cunningham, Thomas, 4 March, 1835. Chamberlin, B. B., 5 June, 1887. Cunningham, Nathaniel, 7 March, 1838. Cunningham, James M., 5 March, 1839. Cormyn, Bernard, 11 July, 1848. Callan, James, 29 Nov., 1843. Cossett, David C, 10 June, 1847. Cormyn, Paul, 8 July, 1847. Conway, James, 6 Sept., 1848. Clarke, Joseph B., 9 June, 1849. Coyle, John, 8 May, 1850. Caughey, Silas W. W., 14 March, 1853. Cuthbertson, John, 35 Nov., 1853. Cochran, John T., 28 Dec, 1853. Cunning, Hugh, 10 March, 1856. Cunninghani, Joseph H., 1 May, 1861. Crumrine, Boyd, 5 June, 1866. Cameron, James, 16 June, 1868. Cochran, George R., 18 Jan., 1871. Cunningham, James H., 81 July, 1873. Clarke, Albert H., 6 June, 1873. Carnahan, Robert B., 8 April, 1878. Coulter, J. D,, 11 March, 1879. Campbell, James O., " Registered." Cope, Roger, 5 Dec, 1881. Cornelius, Charles E., 5 Oct., 1885. Crown, Joseph, 31 Nov., 1885. Cuthbertson, Wm. B., 6 June, 1887. Dunlap, James, 6 Nov., 1805. Douglass, Samuel, 7 August, 1811. Dunham, Sylvester, 2 June, 1817. Dallas, Trevanion B., 10 Jan., 1835. Denney, William H., 1 April, 1835. Dickey, Oliver J., 26 Nov., 1845. Dana, Samuel W., 8 June, 1856. Daugherty, Edward B., 4 June, 1860. BEAVER COUNTY. 191 LIST OF ATTOENEYS— CoNTiNOBD. Davenport, Samuel, 34 Feb., 1864. Davis, Jacob S., 18 Nov., 1869. Dunlap, Joseph F., 25 March, 1872. Dalzell. John, 18 Feb., 1884. Eyster, Christian S., 1 July, 1853. Ewing, Thomas, 37 April, 1865. Eberhart, Gilbert L., 14 June, 1870. Eakin, John, 6 June, 1873. Emery, J. A., 16 March, 1881. Foster, Alexander W., 6 Feb., 1804. Findlay, Robert, 24 Sept., 1810. Foster, Samuel B., 36 March, 1811. Forward, Walter, 9 April, 1821. Petterman, W. W.,12 April, 1824. Fetterman, N. P., 6 June, 1831. Foster, John B., 1 June, 1840. Flanegan, F. C, 33 Nov., 1853. Forward, Ross, 3 Sept., 1866. Oibson, John Bannister, 6 Feb., 1804. Oilmore, John, 7 May, 1804. Gormley, Samuel, 24 August, 1829. Grimshaw, William, 10 Sept., 1835. Gaither, Samuel, 8 March, 1852. Gibson, Robert M., 5 June, 1866. Geyer, Stephen H., 8 April, 1878. Grim, Louis Edward, 3 Jan., 1882. Hayes, David, 6 Feb., 1804. Hazlett, Henry, 6 Feb., 1804. Hopkins, John H., 21 Oct., 1832. Horton, V. B., 11 April, 1831. Hickox, Silas H., 7 March, 1833. Henry, Evan J., 3 Sept., 1839. Henry, Thomas J., 9 March, 1844. Heidelberg, E., 3 Sept., 1849. Hampton, John H., 7 June, 1858. Hasbrouck, Cicero, 27 Jan., 1857. Hice, Henry, 6 June, 1859. Harper, Joseph F., 10 Sept., 1860. Harrah, Joseph R., 27 March, 1866. Hart, George S., 5 June, 1866. Henry, Thomas, 8 March, 1867. Hart, Alphonso, 6 March, 1868. Herron, D. S., 37 March, 1870. Hazen, Aaron L., 5 June, 1870. Hayes, JohnB., 4 Sept., 1871. Houseman, Moses H., 8 April, 1878. Henry, Thomas M., 15 May, 1882. Imbrie, De Lorma, 35 Nov., 1853. Imbrie, Addison M., 2 Sept., 1878. Jennings, Obadiah, 6 Feb., 1804. Johnston, Thomas G., 6 Feb., 1804. Jones, Isaac, 5 June, 1837. Johnston, James W., 26 Jan., 1857. Johnston, Smith N., 15 March, 1869. Jackson, Oscar L., 9 Nov., 1869. Johnston, Lawrence, 13 June, 1885. Kerr, Isaac, 6 Feb., 1801. King, Sampson S., 6 Feb., 1804. Kingston, Samuel, 8 April, 1832. Kaine, Daniel, 20 Nov., 1855. Kurtz, David B., 19 March, 1866. Kuhn, E. P., 27 March, 1868. Larwell, William C, 6 Feb., 1804. Leet, Isaac, 28 August, 1836. Lowrie, Walter H., 15 June, 1832. Lowry, Matthew S., 2 Dec, 1834. Loomis, A. W., 29 May, 1843. Lancaster, C, 6 Sept., 1843. Large, John R., 8 Nov., 1850. Lamberton, Henry W., 26 Jan., 1853. Long, Odell S., 5 June, 1862. Little, L. W., 5 June, 1866. Ledlie, Joseph, 11 Nov., 1867. Leibinick, J. J., 8 Sept., 1868. Leister, Cornelius R., 13 Sept., 1873. Leonard, David H., 14 Sept., 1864. Lowrie, James A., 16 March, 1874. Laird, Frank H., 18 June, 1883. Moore, Robert, 6 Feb., 1804. Mountain, James, 6 Feb., 1804. Marshall, John, 3 August, 1808. Marshall, James C, 28 August, 1838. Mountain, A. S., 38 August, 1838. Meredith, Simon, 28 Oct., 1830. Mahon, J. D., 4 Sept., 1834. Musser, Joseph B., 11 July, 1843. Maxwell, William, 15 March, 1850. Magaw, Samuel, 4 June, 1855. Marshall, Thomas M., 29 Nov., 1855. Morlan, William S., 14 Sept., 1857. Marshall, Kennedy, 21 Nov., 1859. Mason, Samuel R., 4 Jan., 1865. Montgomery, William, 5 June, 1866. Morris, D. S., 20 March, 1867. Moore, Henry R., 18 Nov., 1869. Moore, A. S., 4 Sept., 1871. 192 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. LIST OF ATTORNEYS— Continued. Martin, W. C, 1 Sept., 1873. Moorhead, John W., 7 June, 1875. Moore, Winfield S., 15 March, 1876. Marshall, A. P., 28 April, 1876. Mueller, John H., , 1872. M'Connell, John G., 8 April, 1878. Martin, James Rankin, -6 Feb., 1883. Mellon, William Joseph, 15 May, 1882. Moreland, William C, 18 Feb., 1884. M'Donald, John, 8 Jan., 1808. M'Laughlin, William, 12 Jan., 1839. M'Laughlin, James, 13 Jan., 1829. M'Candless, Wilson, 6 Dec, 1831. M'Clowry, John N., 11 March, 1846. M'Guffin, L. L., M'Neill, John, 2 Sept., 1851. M'Elrath, Archibald, 18 Oct., 1853. M'Combs, John C, 12 June, 1866. M'Oreery, James H., 27 April, 1870, M'Oonaghey, John G., 9 June, 1875. M'Coy, Alexander W., 10 June, 1878. M'Kenna, Charles Francis, 16 May, 1883. M'Combs, Roberts., 26 June, 1886. Nicholson, Thomas C, 30 March, 1861. Otis, W. C. S., 5 June, 1865. Oliphant, E. P., , Pentecost, Joseph, 8 May, 1804. Pickens, Israel, 8 Nov., 1804. PicknoU, Hugh, 8 August, 1810. Purviance, Samuel A., 28 Oct., 1828. Pentland, E., 11 April, 1831. Purviance, John N., 3 Sept., 1851. Power, Samuel A. , 2 August, 1859. Piersol, Benj. K., 10 Sept., 1862. Patterson, David T., 5 June, 1866. Pusey, William B., Jr., 37 April, 1870. Piersol, James K., 13 June, 1870. Patterson, George E., 8 Nov , 1879. Pier, William S., 18 Feb., 1884. Quay, Matthew S., 13 Oct., 1854. Reddick, David, 6 Feb., 1804. Roberts, Horatio N., 5 Sept., 1831. Roberts, Richard P., 15 March, 1848. Rutan, James Smith, 16 Jan., 1861. Ruple, Charles S., 5 June, 1866, Reed, Bernard M., 17 May, 1868. Reeves, Wilbur A., 3 March, 1875. Reed, .John F., 14 Sept., 1877. Sample, C. S., 6 Feb., 1804. Semple, Steel, 6 Feb., 1804. Simonson, .Tohn, 6 Feb., 1804. Shannon, John R., 3 Oct., 1808. Shaw, George, 39 August, 1837. Shields, Thomas L., 5 Sept., 1831. Sullivan, Charles C, 5 June, 1832. Stewart, James H., 8 April, 1833. Smith, George W., 3 June, 1833. Sample, S. N., 7 March, 1838. Scroggs, Gustavus A., 4 June, 1845. Stowe, Edwin H., 14 March, 1850. Snowden, Edmund, 13 Sept., 1854. Sweitzer, J. B., 12 June, 1859. Selden, George S., 31 Nov., 1860. Schoyer, Solomon, 31 Oct., 1861. Shinn, Thorton A., 5 June, 1865. Sabmeck, J. J., 8 Sept., 1868. Stoner, James, 15 March, 1869. Stevenson, JohnH., 39 Dec, 1869. Small, Oscar A., 10 Oct., 1872. Sterrett, James P., 8 April, 1878. Shiras, George, Jr., 8 April, 1878. Slagle, Jacob F., 18 Feb., 1884. Todd, Bradford E., 8 Sept., 1841. Taylor, Lewis, 4 Sept., 1843. Thomson, Alex. R., 14 Sept., 1857. Taylor, Alexander W., 9 Sept., 1869. Thomson, W. H. S., 5 Dec, 1,881. Twiford, Daniel M., Reg. 1 Sept., 1883. Von Bonhorst, Charles, 23 August, 1834. Veon, J. H., 3 Sept 1866. Vcsler, John W., 5 June, 1876. Wilkins, William, 6 Feb., 1804, Weigley, Joseph, 7 August, 1804. White, John, 2 August, 1808. Wilkins, Charles, 2 Nov., 1808. Watts, Henry M., Wills, James, 4 August, 1812. Walker, A.'S., 33 August, 1822. Watson, George, 25 August, 1833. Waugh, John A., 37 Oct., 1838. Wallace, John B., 13 Jan., 1839. Williamson, John, 5 June, 1843. Wilson, Joseph H., 5 June, 1850. Wilson, Samuel B., 18 Nov., 1850. Weir, Hugh W., 8 March, 1852. Williams, Thomas, 6 June, 1853. BEAVER COLNTY. 193 LIST OT ATTORNEYS— Continued. Welsh, Moses B., 14 March, 1853. White, J. W. F., 19 March, 1859. Way, Andrew, 4 May, 1864. Wilson, Frank, 27 March, 1866. Wilson, David S., 5 June, 1866. Whitsell, Jacob, 6 Sept., ^867. Wilson, John S., 10 Sept.; 1867. Young, John B. Wickham, John J., 15 March, 1869. Winternitz, B. A., 18 Sept., 1874. Wynn, Addison, 15 July, 1875. Wood, Robert, 10 Sept., 1877. Wilson, George S., 4 March, 1878. Watson, David T., 8 April, 1878. Wallace, William D., 7 June, 1886. 26 Jan., 1858. CHAPTER Yll. MEDICAL. Importance of Popular Educa'iion — Heathfulness of Beaver County — Epidemic Diseases — ^SketcJhes of Prominent Physi- cians — Medical Society — List of Physicians. ^ ' I /■ NOW thyself," is the formula in which the Greek mind couched i\ the quintessence of human knowledge concerning man. " Do thyself no harm," is the injunction with which an inspired apostle deterred a law-abiding official from inflicting upon himself bodily injury. " The proper study of mankind is man," exclaims England's great poet, who "hsped in numbers." "■Mens sana in sano oorpore'^ ("A strong mind in a sound body"), sang the Latin bard of Mantua. '■'■Natura est vera medicatrix'' ("Nature is the true physician"). These maxims, which are the cream of hum9,n thought on the sub- ject, indicate the progressive trend of enlightened sentiment relative to the perfectabihty of human beings. That man is accountable for the development and preservation of his physical organization is clearly indicated by the certainty and severity with which the penalties of vio- lated physical law are inflicted. At every turn in the pathway of life stand cherubim with flaming swords to deter, perchance to punish, those who would corrupt or destroy human happiness. The teachings of revelation, interpreted by the electric light of modern science, prove conclusively that " the [physiologically] wicked shall not live out half their days." The fundamental truth: " Whatsoever a man soweth, that shall he also reap," drawn by inspiration from the domain of physical nature, is emphasized by every ache and pain, by every blighted con- stitution, by every fragile step, by every bleared countenance seen on the great ocean of humanity. The remedy for physical weakness and unhappiness lies in the edu- cation of the people. Old and young need to be taught the inevitable connection between cause and effect, and the impartiality with which Dame Nature punishes those who burn false fire upon her altars. Ignor- 194 BEAVER COUNTY. 195. ance of hygienic laws neither exempts nor excuses any one from the pains that invariably accompany their violation. The wag who had tried both allopathy and homeopathy, and proposed to establish a new school of practice to be called senseopathy, expressed himself in the following stanzas: Take the open air — The more you take the better; Follow nature's laws To the very letter. Let the doctors go To the Bay of Biscay; Let alone what they give, The brandy and the whisky. Freely exercise, Keep your spirits cheerful; Let no dread of sickness Make you over-fearful. Eat the simplest food. Drink the pure cold water; Then you will be well. Or, at least, you ought 'er. Beaver county is, all things considered, a remarkably healthful region. Whether from climatic conditions, or inherently strong con- stitutions; whether from strict observance of the laws of health, or from skillful medical practice, is not material; but the fact remains, as will be evinced by the mortuary list in this volume, as well as by the records of tombstones, that Beaver county has produced more cases of longevity than almost any other equal territory or population in the land. The Ohio river, affording by its drainage a certain protection against disease, has been the thoroughfare along which certain contagi- ous diseases have crept from the infected districts on the lower Missis- sippi. Notably was the scourge by cholera of 1834. The disease began in July. The first case was that of Samuel Hooper, who brought it from Louisville on the steamboat Byron. Tie died shortly after reaching Freedom. The next was that of Captain Ephraim Knowles, of the steamboat Eclipse. The boat was run ashore near the mouth of Big Beaver, and medical aid summoned, but in vain. The victim died in five hours after taking ill. In August it raged with great destruction in Fallston. Dr. E. K. Chamberlain was in charge of the patients. The village was nearly 196 HISTORY OF bp:avee county. depopulated during the scourge, only ten families having remained. From a report made August 8, by Dr. Chamberlain, the following deaths occurred from cholera asphyxia under his observation: James Mcllroy, Mary Smith, Mary Worcester, Eobert McCreary, Douglas Mcllroy, Mrs. Baxter, Thomas Sloan e, Eichard Baxter and John Collier. These all di6d in the village. Two others died elsewhere, viz: William Fowler, at 'New Castle, and James Alexander, at Henry Small's, near Beaver. Several deaths not mentioned in the foregoing list occurred in the county: Mrs. Venatta, Mrs. Dean, Mrs. Gormley, John Murphy, Alexander Murphy, James Fowler and James Court- right. Early in the spring of 1849 the cholera began to creep up along the Mississippi and Ohio rivers, scourging all the large cities and towns in its path. The first cases in Beaver county were those of Aaron Dout, of Vanport, recently returned from New Orleans, and James Hart, of Rochester, engineer on the steamer Beaver. The Argus of May 16 reported them as recovering. On the 9th of July, Robert McFerran, county commissioner, living near Hookstown, died, aged fifty years. Emanuel B. Schly, of Beaver, was attacked in the harvest field, and died July 11, aged about forty. On the same day two men died at Baden — John Watterhouse and a Mr. Hill. About the same time a Mr. Dunbar died on the steamboat Genessee, and was buried at Georgetown. Richard and James Partington, brothers, and the father and uncle, respectively, of the present county commissioner, were victims of the epidemic, their deaths occurring on the 9th and 16th of September, just one week apart. The attacks of cholera in 1851-52 were slight. In 1851, John Anderson, a shoemaker, twenty-three years of age, died beyond Brady's Run. On the 4th of July, 1852, Michael Waterhouse, a river man, died at Baden; James McKee, of Freedom, was severely attacked, but recovered. Dr. D. S. Marquis was the attending physician in both cases. In March, 1845, broke out a disease which was currently known as the " Hookstown fever," because of its severe prevalence in the region of that village. Its origin may be traced to Anderson & Shillito's mill (afterward called Bock's mill), on Raccoon creek, two miles from Inde- pendence. The mill and distillery connected with it produced the disease whose first victim was Matthew Anderson. He recovered. Following him were Benjamin Anderson, George Shillito (husband of Mrs. Elizabeth Shillito, now of Beaver, born April 11, 1803), John BEAVEK COUNTV. 197 Anderson and wife, Alice Mar}' Sliillitd, Mrs. Elizabetli Sliillito, Benja- min, John and Robert Sliillito. The last one died. From the mill tlie disease spread, finally reaching Ilookstown. It created such a panic in the place that even Dr. Robinson, preacher at the Mill Creek church, was afraid to come to town to bury the dead. Referring to its out- break in Hooksto^\•n and immediate vicinity, Dr. Frank D. Kerr, resi- dent physician at Hookstown, in a personal letter, dated June 17, 1887, says: This epidemic commenced about the middle of June, 1815, and lasted about seven months in Hookstown, causing unprecedented distress and alarm because of its virulence and fatality. There was a period of incubation or developing of the disease of about two weeks. The disease then set in slowly and stealthily; the sufferer felt uneasy all the time, and wanted to be in some other place or other position than the one in which he existed; he felt as though he simply existed without any^ purpose of his existence. He was anxious about himself and about his friends. He ached behind his ears and in the back of his neck. Constipation of the bowels was a marked feature in some cases, whilst in other cases the opposite was the condition. Where there was constipation the stools were light; where there was diarrhoea the stools were as black as tar, and patients thus affected were subject to alarming hemorrhages. David Kerr, in his illness, was constipated in the bowels all the time. He was so low in the fever he was at one time thought to be dead, in the third week. Thomas Wright was troubled with a persistent diarrhoea, with black stools and hemorrhages, and at the end of the second week was thought at one time to have died, he being so reduced with the disease. These both are living to-day. After several days there was headache in the back of the head, with chills, thirst, loss of appetite, brownish-coated tongue, which eventually became black as the disease advanced. In some cases the pulse was slow and feeble; in others, it was frequent and irregular. There was a sensation of great weight in the chest and abdo- men. In the case of Mr. Kerr, he desired a knife with which to "remove an anvil, tongs and hammer," and other blacksmith tools from his chest. Mr. Wright felt as though he was sat upon by as many men as could use him for a seat, and they were no " light weights," either. Mr. William Miller's experience was, that he was laid upon the floor whilst Israel Palmer, an old colored man (dead lately), tramped upon him from head to foot, and Israel pressed down well with his head against the ceiling. This sensation of weight was extremely distressing to the patients. The urine was small in quantity, high-colored and, most of the time, caused great paiu in voiding. The use of the catheter was at times necessary. The lips became parchedand sore, the tongue dry and black; and after the second week, or in less time, there was mental confusion and delirium, ringing in the ears, pinched appearance of features, with hectic flush on the cheeks and bleeding at the nose. The temperature of the body ^'aried, being highest in the evening. Active symptoms in some cases lasted thirty or forty days, and ultimate recovery did not take place until a lapse of six or seven months, in many cases. When death was caused by the fever, it generally occurred about the third week of the disease. There were three hundred and fifty inhabitants in Hookstown, and every family ia the village was attacked by the disease, save three, which escaped with- out having any case amongst them. There were, in all, eighty-six cases of the disease. Eight deaths occurred from the fever directly, whilst a number of deaths were hastened by it, but attributed to other causes as being more immediate. 198 HISTOEY OF BEAVER COUNTY. The following are the names of those who died from the disease: Dr. Samuel Wallace, Dr. Alexander Coburn, Mrs. Sarah Miller, Mrs. Martha Witherspoon, Mrs. Althea Cross, Miss Isabella Eaton, Mr. William Freasure, Mr. Samuel Carrothers. No prevailing disease similar to this has ever visited Beaver county. The third physician of the place, Dr. William Smith, was also taken ill, but recovered, Dr. D. S. Marquis, now of Rochester, formed a partnership with Dr. Smith in his illness, and continued to practice at Hookstown for three years. It is much to be regretted that some record was not kept of all the early physicians. The old newspaper files have assisted in recaUing some of these pioneers in the medical ranks. In some cases brief sketches are given. Dr. Geo. W. Allison was born in Washington, Pa., in April, 1803, being the third son of Hon. James Allison. He graduated from Wash- ington college and began the study of medicine under Dr. Milo Adams, of Beaver, to which place he had removed when quite young. In 1828 he attended a course of lectures in the medical department of the Uni- versity of Maryland. The year following he commenced the practice of his profession in Beaver, at which place he continued until his death. In his practice he was conscientious, honest and successful. In 1841 he married Sarah, daughter of James Lyon, Esq., with whom he lived happily. Dr. Allison was considered a physician of great skill, and rep- resented his county in the State Medical Society, of which he was at one time vice-president. He died December 7, 1863, being sixty-one years of age. Dr. Smith Cunningham was born in Lancaster county, Pa., January 10, ISOi. In 1813, he removed with his father's famil}' to Ohio. While in his minority, he left home to achieve his own fortune. After acquiring a liberal education, he began his medical studies under direc- tion of Dr. James Speer, of Pittsburgh. After completing his profes- sional preparation and traveling somewhat extensively, he located at Petersburg, Ohio, in 1829. He remained there but a short time, when he located in Beaver, in which place he practiced, all told, over a third of a century, a large portion of the time with Dr. Ohver Cunningham. He was one of the founders and a prominent member of the Beaver County Medical Society, and represented it in several meetings of the State Medical Society, at one of which he was chosen president of the body. In his practice Dr. Cunningham achieved success. As a citizen he was generous, patriotic and pubhc-spirited; a man of highly-cultivated C4/r. -4^^ >-j^C)i/' !?-''' BKAVER COUNTY. 201 mind, refined taste and rare conversational powers, he always imparted to the social circle iti which he moved a high degree of pleasure and profit by his general and varied intelligence antl his pleasing and genial manners. In the room and at the bedside of his patients, he always gave comfort by his kindly manner and cheerful and instructive conversation. He died October 25, 1863, being sixty years of age. < Dr. James Cochran was born August 1(3, 1780, in Adams county, where he spent his early years in a course of education preparatory to the study of medicine. Having completed his ])rofessional preparation, he settled in the year 1800, at Cannonsburg, where he practiced several years. In 1808 he followed the tide of migration westward to Beaver county, which was then little better than a wilderness. The difficulty of riding in a new country and a growing distaste for his profession induced him to relinquish its practice and engage in other more con- genial pursuits. He acquired such a competence as enabled him to retire from business about ten years prior to his death. He was for a long time a justice of the peace, and was noted for the fact that he discouraged litigation at all times. He was an early friend and patron of Greersburg academy, and bestowed upon the Free Church of Darlingrton, of which he was a member, the grounds on which their house stands. He died in Darlington, August 16, 1851, being seventy-one years of age. Dr. Bernard Dustin Avas born in New Hampshire, March 16, 1781. He studied medicine in Utica, N. Y., and after completing his work there started westward, arriving in Darlington, Beaver county July 4, 1807, where he commenced the practice of his chosen profession. Being the only physician in the community, he soon built up an exten- sive and lucrative practice. His charges were moderate, his forbearance with the poor very marked, and he rarely resorted to legal steps for the collection of his debts. He accumulated considerable property, and lived a life of usefulness and influence for good. He died in Darlington, February 21, 1844. Dr. William H. H. Chaniberlin was born in Litchfield, Conn., June 22, 1810. After much effort he succeeded in securing an elementary education, and subsequently, in 1834, graduated from the College of Physicians and Surgeons of ISTew York city. In the same year he removed to New Brighton, where he formed a partnership with his brother. Dr. E. K. Chaniberlin, which continued until the latter went 13 202 , HISTOKY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. to Cincinnati, O., in 1842. Dr. "William H. H. Chamberlin died Decem- ber 21, 1847, in ISTew Brighton, of typhus fever. Dr. E. K. Chamberlin, brother of preceding, at one time a resident of New Brighton, died in the winter of 1852-53, while on his way from Panama to San Francisco. In 1842 he had removed from Beaver county to Cincinnati. At the breaking out of the Mexican war he enlisted as a surgeon of Ohio troops, and was assigned to duty in Taylor's army. So popular did he become, by his kindness and humane acts, that he was popularly known as " Old Medicine." He was afterward in the survey of the Mexican boundary. Subsequently he took up his abode in California, where he was elected to the state senate, of' which body he was chosen president. Dr. Samuel Wallace, a native of Beaver county, graduated from Jeiferson Medical College, and commenced the practice of his prof ession in Hookstown, where he was cut off in early manhood by an attack of congestive fever. He died September 27, 1845, aged thirty-two years. His loss was keenly felt. Dr. Alexander Young Coburn died in Hookstown, of congestive fever, in November, 1845, aged twenty-five years. His co-partner. Dr. Samuel Wallace, having been removed but a few weeks before by the same fatal malady. Dr. Coburn undertook to attend to a large portion of a deeply afllicted community; and to his exertions and exposure while in discharge of his professional duties his early death may be attributed. While endeavoring to save the lives of others he lost his own. He was a young man of good character. Dr. Milo Adams was born in Westmoreland county, and in early life moved Avith his father, Dr. Samuel Adams, to the falls of Big Beaver. He studied medicine with Dr. Phillip Mowry, formerly of Pittsburgh, and commenced practicing at the age of tAventy-one. On November 15, 1831, he associated himself with Dr. E. Adams Wilson. He was at one time sheriff of the county, and was for many years a prominent member of the Methodist Protestant church. He died in its faith, August 18, 1846, at his residence in Sharon. Dr. Samuel Adams was born in Westmoreland county in 1761. He removed when quite a young man to Beaver countv, of which he was a long-time resident, beloved and respected by all, and in Chippewa township he died March 6, 1831, being seventy years of age. Dr. James Dawson died in Ohioville, September 21, 1847, aged forty-two years. Ten days previous to his death he suffered the ampu- tation of his leg, and never recovered from the exhaustion incident BEAYEE COUNTY. 203 to the operation. He left a wife and six children to mourn his loss. Dr. Charles "Weaver died in New Brighton, January 27, 1852, aged thirty-six years. . . . Dr. Eobert T. Hunter, formerly of Beaver, died at Mt. Jackson, April 2, 1849, aged thirty years. ... Dr. H. Hard, a graduate of the Eeformed Medical College of Western Pennsylvania, tendered his services through the Argus ol March 14, 1834, to "the inhabitants of East Brighton as physician, surgeon and accoucheur. He made no use of metallic minerals, mercury, zinc, etc., as internal remedies." Dr. J. P. Scroggs, " late of Clinton, Allegheny Co., a graduate of the Ohio Medical College, of Cincinnati, is taken into partnership by Dr. J. Clark, of Ohioville," according to the Argus of October 1, 1834. . . . Dr. David Stanton is announced February 13, 1852, as a physician and surgeon of New Brighton. . . . Dr. Milton Law- rence was a politician and physician of Hookstown some fifty years ago. He served as prothonotary and associate judge, and was quite noted as a physician. . . . Dr. J. J. Ikert announces himself as a practicing physician and surgeon to the people of Kochester in 1834. . . . Dr. R. S. Bronson was a practicing physician in Bridgewater, May 12, . 1852. . . . Dr. J. A. Blancliard, a homeopathic physician announces himself to the people of Bridgewater Ap''il 14, 1852. . . . Dr. C. T. Sell, of Rochester, first published a card offering his services as physician to the public March 6, 1850. . . . Dr. A. L. S. Morand, late assistant hospital surgeon United States army, announces . himself ready to cure the ills of flesh in Freedom, January 4, 1865. . . . Dr. T. L. Harper, formerly of New Castle, removed to Beaver, and practiced there in April, 1850. . . . Dr. E.G. Tuttle practiced as an Indian physician at New Brighton in November, 1850. . . . Dr. "W. J. Wilson made his first appearance in New Brighton, as a practicing physician, August 29, 1849. . . . Dj". Joseph Campbell practiced in Hookstown and vicinity after July 3, 1819, when his name first appeared to the public. Dr. I. Christopher MuUer, homeopathic physician, Bridgewater, announces, October 5, 1838, that his "doses are small, agreeable and palatable; and that he inspects patient's water as a basis of successful prognosis of the case." Dr. M. Wilson appeared in Greersburg as early as August 23, 1814, "practicing medicine and seUing same." . . . Dr. A. P. Dutcher appears in the Argus as an author of articles on his specialties of physi- ology and phrenology, in 1843. He was a resident of New Brighton, and was a prominent member of the Beaver County Medical Society, 204 HISTORY OF BEA-VEE COUNTY. being at one time its president. . . . Dr. K. C. Wier, of Phillipsburg, announces in a card published June 6, 1849, his intention of remaining in that locahty for several years. He adopts the laudable motto of " No cure, no pay." Bemer County Medical Society.— T^he. organization of this society is thus described in its minutes : Beaver. November 23, 18.55. Pursuant to a call made through the county papers, a number of physicians met at the office of O. & S. Cunningham, for the purpose of organizing a Beaver county medical society . After the usual preliminaries the society was permanently organized by the election of the following officers: President, O. Cunningham; vice-presidents, George W. Allison and Joseph Linnenbrink; recording secretary, David Minis Jr.; corre- sponding secretary, David Stanton; treasurer, Smith Cunningham; censors, George W. Allison, David Stanton and David Minis Jr. A committee on constitution was appointed, consisting of Doctors S. Cunningham, Dickson and Stanton, which, on December 29, 1855, reported and had adopted the present constitution of the society. The first meetings of the society were held in the hotels of the county, and alternated with more or less regularity between Beayer, New Brighton, Eochester and Economy. The first delegates >from this society to the state medical convention were Doctors O. Cunningham and D. S. Marquis; to the national medical convention, the first dele- gate was Dr. David Stanton. Following will be found a list of the successive officers of the society, with mention of important events in its history: Second officers: President, Geo. "W". Alhson; vice-presidents, D. S. Marquis and John K. Miller; recording secretary, D. Minus Jr.; corresponding secretary, Wm. Stanton; treasurer, S. Cunningham. Third officers: President, Joseph Linnenbrink; vice-presidents, John E,. ^Miller and Isaac Minis; recording secretary, D. Minis Jr.; corresponding secretary, D. Stanton; treasurer, S. Cunningham. Fourth officers, elected January 10, 1861: President, D. S. Marquis; vice-presidents, Joseph Linnenbrink and Dr. Hezles; secretary, D. Stanton; treasurer, S. Cunningham. Fifth officers, elected January 9, 1862: President, Geo. W. Allison; vice- presidents, P. M. Kerr and A. P. Dutcher; secretary, Isaac Winans; treasurer, S. Cunningham. Sixth officers, elected January 8, 1863: President, A. P. Dutcher; vice-presidents, S. P. Cummings and D. S. Marquis; secretary, Isaac Winans; treasurer, S. Cunningham. Seventh officers, elected January 14, 1864: President, W. W. Simpson; vice- presidents, P. M. Kerr and TJiomas Donehoo; secretary, Isaac Winans; treasurer, D. S. Marquis. Eighth^ officers, elected January 12, 1865: President, S. P. Cummings; vice-presidents, D, McKinney and E. S. BEA.VEE COUNTY. 205 Winans; secretary, Isaac Winans; treasurer, D. S. Marquis. Ninth officers, elected January 12, 1866: President, S. M. Eoss; vice-presi- dents, I. E. Jackson and A. L. S. Morand; secretary, Isaac Winans; treasurer, Benjamin Feicht. Tenth officers, elected January 10, ISeT: President, David Stanton; vice-presidents, W. J. Langfitt and L. M. Cummins; secretary, J. E. Jackson; treasurer, Benjamin Feicht. Eleventh officers, elected January 9, 1868: President, W. J. Langfitt; vice-presidents, Isaac Winans and T, G-. McPherson; secretary, J. E. Jackson ; treasurer, Benjamin Feicht. Twelfth officers, elected January 1-1, 1869: President, D. McKinney; vice-presidents, W. C. Shurlock and J. S. ElUot; secretary, J. E. Jackson; treasurer, Benjamin Feicht. Thirteenth officers, elected January 1.3, 18Y0: President, James E. Jackson; vice-presidents, T. G. McPherson and D. S. Marquis; secre- tary, D. Stanton; treasurer, Isaac Winans. Fourteenth officers, elected Januarj^ 12, 1871: President, G. W. Langfitt; vice-presidents, D. S. Marquis and G. Y. Boal; secretary, D. Stanton; treasurer, Isaac Win- ans. Fifteenth officers, elected January 11, 1872: President, B. F. Feicht; vice-presidents, D. S. Marquis and Charles Foerstige; secre- tary, J. S. Elliot; treasurer, Isaac Winans. Sixteenth officers, elected January 9, 1873 ; President, Charles Foerstige ; vice-presidents, D. McKinney and G. T. Boal; secretary and treasurer, Isaac Winans. Seventeenth officers, elected Januar}^ 8, 1874: President, D. S. Marquis; vice-presidents, Joseph Lawrence and Joseph Langfitt; secretary and treasurer, Isaac Winans. Eighteenth officers, elected April 8, 1875: President, W. J. Langfitt; vice-presidents, D. McKinney and G. Y. Boal; secretary and treasurer, Isaac Winans. Nineteenth officers, elected January 13, 1876: President, J. S. Elliot; vice-presidents, D. S. Mar- quis and Benjamin Feicht; secretary and treasurer, Isaac Winans. Twentieth offilcers, elected January 11, 1877: President, D. McKinney; vice-presidents, G. Y. Boal and J. C. Temple; secretary, Isaac Winans; treasurer, D. S. Marquis; delegate to American Medical Association, W. J. Langfitt. Twenty-f/rst officers, elected January 9, 1879: Presi- dent, W. J. Langfitt; vice-president, H. S. McConnel; secretary, S. A. Craig; treasurer, D. S. Marquis; delegates to state medical society, H. S. McConnel arid Dr. Barr. Tiv6nty-seco7id officers, elected January 8, 1880 : President, H. S. McConnell ; vice-president, J. H. Wilson; secre- tary, S. A. Craig; treasurer, D. S. Marquis. Twenty-third oflcers, elected January 13, 1»881: President, J. C. Temple; vice-presidents, B. Feicht and G. Y. Boal; secretary, J. H. Wilson; treasurer, D. S. Marquis.* * On October 13, the constitution was amended so as to allow the society to meet monthly instead of quarterly, as heretofore. 206 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. Twenty fourth officers, elected January 12, 1882: President, W. H. Grim; vice-presidents, C. T. Gale and "W. S. Kamsey; secretary, Theo. P. Simpson; treasurer, D. S. Marquis. Twenty-fifth officers, elected January 11, 1883: President, S. A. Craig; vice-presidents, J. H. Wil- son and Theodore P. Simpson ; secretary, W. S. Eamsey; treasurer, D. S. Marquis. Twenty-sixth officers, elected January 10, 1884: President, J. H. Wilson; vice-presidents, W. C. Simpson and H. S. McConhel; secretary, J. K. White; treasurer, D. S. Marquis. Twenty-seventh offi- cers, elected January 10, 1885: President, Theodore P. Simpson; vice- presidents, W. H. Grim and Joseph D. McCarter; secretary, T. C. Gale; treasurer, D. S. Marquis. Twenty-eighth officers, elected January 14, 1886: President, W. C. Simpson; vice-presidents, C. T. Gale and W. J. Langfitt; secretary, C. E. Jackson; treasurer, D. S. Marquis. Twenty- ninth officers, elected January 13, 188T: President, D. S. Marquis; vice-presidents, H. S. McConnel and J. K. White; secretary, J. D. McCarter ; treasurer, T. P. Simpson ; censors : J. H. Wilson, W. C. Simpson and G. Y. Boal; auditors: J. K. White and C. E. Jack- son; intelhgence committee: T. P. Simpson, W. C. Simpson, H. S. McConnel, J. H. Wilson and W. J. Langfitt; delegates to state medi- cal society: D. S. Marquis and T. P. Simpson. Following is a list of all the members of the society up to 1884, with dates of their admission: A. M. Anderson, . . Jan. 14, 1864, J. E. Jackson Oct. 13, Frank F. Davis July 13, 1865. A. C. Barlow Oct. 12, Beniamin Feicht .... " " A. L. S. Morand " " G. W. Langfitt Feb. 8, 1866. O. S. Cunningham. . ' " " J. M. Cummings April 13, " W. L. Morrow May 10, " J.S.Elliot June 14, W. C. Shurlock Jan. 10, 1867. T. G. McPherson. . . . A. W. Acheson July 11, " Hiram Nye Nov. 14, " G. Y. Boal July 9, 1868. Charles Foerstige March 11, 1869. Joseph Lawrence April 10, 1873. E.A.Hepburn Sept. 11, James Temple July 13, 1876. John Venn Oct. 11, 1877. H. S. McConnel Oliver Cunningham. . Nov. 33, 1855 Davids. Marquis ... '■ Smith Cunningham. . " Isaac Winans " David Minis Jr t( Geo. W. Allison .... " David Stanton " Joseph Linnenbrink. " Joseph H. Dickson. . " "Wm. Stanton April 10, 1856 John R. Miller July 10, " David Elder Jan. 13, 1859 P. B. Young April 12, 1860 P. M. Kerr Jan. 10, 1861 W. J. Langfitt July 11, " A. P. Dutcher July 11. " S. P. Cummins July 10 1863 S. M. Ross Jan. 14, 1864 W. W. Simpson " " Thomas Donehoo . . . ■' (f I. S. Winans " .< D. McKinney " " BBAVEE COUNTY. 20Y MEMBERS OF MEDICAL SOCIETY— Continued. Stephen' A. Craig... July 11, 1878. W.C.Simpson July 14, 1881. JamesA. Barr Jan. 9, 1879. C. T. Gale James McPheters .. . " " W. H. Qrim " " J.H.Wilson April 10, " W.S.Ramsey W. J. Riggs oct. 9, " James Scroggs, Jr. . . T. P. Simpson Jan. 13, 1881. J. K. White Oct. 13, The present members of the society are as follows : G. Y. Boal, C. T. Gale, S. A. Craig, W. H. Grim, B. Feicht, ' W. J. Langfitt, D. S. Marquis, J. D. McCarter, B. A. Vance, H. S. McConnell, J.K.White, W.C.Simpson, J. H. Wilson, J. B. Crombie, T. P. Simpson, U. S. Strouss, ' C. B. Jackson, G. Warburton, H. M. Sheelenberger. The folloTving is a list of physicians in Beaver county, who have registered in. the oflBce of the county prothonotary, in the order of record. The law requires a number of facts to be stated. In the fol- lowing Ust, the order pursued is, the name of the physician, date of ^registration, place of nativity, residence, degrees, (1) medical, (2) other, place of continuous practice since 1871, and, if deceased, date of death. Joseph Lawrence, June 30, 1881; Hookstown, Beaver county, Pa.; Beaver; M. D. from University Pennsylvania, March 14, 1872; Beaver county, died April 8, 1887, in Pittsburgh. Wilham J. Eiggs, July 1, 1881; Washington county. Pa.; M. D. from Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, March, 1872; served as Assistant Surgeon in United States Navy; removed to Allegheny, April, 1882. Jefferson H. Wilson, July 11, 1881; Beaver, Pa.; Beaver; M. D. from Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York, 1876; certificate from Medical Board, Philadelphia Hospital, 1873-74; Beaver county, since 1876. Christian I. Wendt, July 15, 1881; Pittsburgh, Pa.; New Brighton, Pa.; M. D. from St. Louis College Homeopathic Physicians and Sur- geons, March 1, 1871. Joseph W. Miller, August 18, 1871; Finleyville, Washington county. Pa.; Beaver, Pa.; M. D. from Jefferson Medical College, Phila- delphia, March 9, 1867; A. B. from Jefferson College, Pennsylvania, August 29, 1861; Allegheny county, Mercer county, Beaver county, since 1873. John N. Calhoun, July 26, 1881; Georgetown, Beaver county; 208 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. Eochester, Pa.; M. D. from Western Eeserve College, Cleveland, Ohio, March 6, 1876; Fairfield, Ohio, 1874-75, Elkton, 1876-81, Rochester, Pa. E. A. Moon, July 28, 1881; Eensselaer county, N. Y.; Beaver Falls, Pa., Beaver county, since autumn 1845. J.Eob. Lockhart, July 30, 1881; Hanover township, Beaver county; Freedom, Pa.; M. D. from Cincinnati College Medicine and Surgery, June 30, 1870; Freedom, Beaver county. James Scroggs, Jr., August 1, 1881; Franklin township, Allegheny county; Beaver, Pa.; M. D. from Cincinnati College Medicine and Sur- gery, June 23, 1872; Beaver county since June'23, 1872. H. H. Davidson, August 2, 1881; Beaver county; IS'ew Scottsville, Hopewell township; M. D. from Western Eeserve Medical College, Cleveland, Ohio, July 1, 1876; New Scottsville since July 1, 1876. David C. Jordan, August 2, 1881; Allegheny county; New Brighton, Pa.- M. D. from Eclectic Medical Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio, January 26, 1875; Westmoreland county up to 1880; since, in New Brighton. D. H. Hillman, April 3, 1882; Ohio; Eochester, Pa.; M. D. from Kentucky School of Medicine, June 28, 1881; certificate by Dean Jeffer- son Medical College, Philadelphia, indorsing diploma, March 29, 1882. P. D. Liscomb, August 9, 1881; Hurtland, Yt.; Beaver Falls, Pa.; M. D. from Homeopathic College, Cleveland, Ohio, September, 1867. John C. Levis, August 13, 1881; Butler county, Pa.; Bridgewater, Pa.; M. D. from Medical Department Western Eeserve College, Cleve- land, Ohio, 1851-2; Beaver county, for twenty-five years, except four years service as Surgeon U. S. A.; died July i>6, 1886, in Bridgevrater. George S. Boyd, August 13, 1881; Beaver county. Pa.; Beaver Falls, Pa.; M. D. from Cleveland Plomeopathic College, February, 1880; Beaver Falls, since April 12, 1880. William Curtis Simpson, August 17, 1881; Wyandotte, Ohio; New Brighton, Pa.; M. D. from Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York, March 1, 1873; New Brighton, since April 1, 1873. W. H. Grim, August 17, 1881; New Sewickley ' township, Beaver county; Beaver Falls, Pa.; M. D. from Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, March 12, 1869; M. D. on Medical Staff United States army and navy; Beaver Falls, since autumn, 1869. Theodore Parker Simpsonj August 17, 1881; New Brighton, Pa.- Beaver Falls, Pa.; M. D. from Believe liospital Medical College, New York, March 1, 1877; Beaver Falls, since June, 1877. David SteAvart Marquis, August 18, 1881; Beaver, Pa.; Eochester, Pa.; M. D. from Ohio Medical College, March 6, 1845; Beaver county. >J7 BEAVER COUNTY. 211 James Craig Temple, August 18, 1881; Beaver county; Phillips- burg, Pa.; M. D. from Eclectic Medical Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio, May 7, 1878; studied surgery in Mansfield, Ohio, attended. Medical Department "Western Reserve College, and graduated from Western Eeserve University with diploma indorsed by Faculty Medical Depart- ment, March 28, 1883; Phillipsburg, since July, 1878. Hiram S. McConnell, August 19, 1881; Freedom, Pa.; New BrightoUj Pa.; M. D. from Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York, March 1, 1875; New Brighton, since March, 1875. Matilda Fishier, August 19, 1881; Germany; Rochester township; Beaver Falls and Bolesville, Rochester township. J. S. Elliott, August 20, 1881; Trumbull county, Ohio; Beaver Falls, Pa. ; attended Starling Medical College, Columbus, Ohio ; Beaver county, since spring of 1852. C. T. Gale, August 20, 1881; Washington county, Ohio; New Brighton, Pa.; M. D. from Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, March 12, 1878; Parkersburg, W. Ya., Missouri, Beaver county, since December, 1880. ' James G. Thompson, August 22, 1881; Allegheny City, New Brighton, Pa.; M. D. from Hahnemann Medical College, Philadelphia, March 2, 1872; Allegheny county, Pa.; Columbiana county, Ohio; Bea- ver county, since April 1, 1881. Thomas G. Boyd, August 23, 1881; Marion county, Ohio; Black Hawk, Pa. William S. Ramsey, August 25, 1881; Frankfort Springs, Beaver county, Bridge water. Pa.; Western Reserve College, Cleveland, Ohio, September 21, 1877; Allegheny county; Beaver county, from June, 1879 to April, 1885; Middleton, Allegheny county, since. A. J. Pyle, August 26, 1881; Salem county, N. J.; New Galilee, Pa.; Greensburg, Westmoreland county, Lawrence county, Armstrong county, since in Beaver county, in all, over thirty years. Ferguson -Elliott, August 26, 1881; Washington county. Pa.; Ohio township, Beaver county; Butler county, 1848-75, Beaver county since. Henry A. Burns, August 29, 1881; Washington county, Pa.; Frank- fort Springs, Beaver county; M. D. from Medical Department "Univer- sity, city of New York, ^February, 1880; Frankfort Springs, since April, 1880. S.James Hindman, August 29, 1881; Brooke count}^ W. Va.; Frankfort Springs, Pa.; M. D. from College Physicians and Surgeons, 212 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. Baltimore, Md., March 1, 1881; Frankfort Springs since June 1, 1881. Samuel T. Hamilton, August 29, 1881; Calcutta, Ohio; George- town, Pa.; Western Eeserve College, Department Medicine, 1849-50. William D. McPheeters, August 29, 1881; Hanover township, Beaver county; Hookstown, Beaver county; Western Eeserve College, Cleveland, Ohio, February 1, 1870; Hookstown, since April 17, 1872. John Bryan, August 29, 1881; Washington county, Pa., January 1, 1828; Moon township, Beaver county; M. D. from Homeopathic Col- lege, Cleveland, Ohio, February, 1866; Beaver county, since February, 1866. William Eaymer, August 29, 1881; New Brighton, Pa.; Beaver Falls, Pa.; M. D. from Homeopathic College, Cleveland, Ohio, Febru- ary, 1878; Beaver Falls, since graduation. T. G. McPherson, August 31, 1881; Allegheny county. Pa.; Beaver Falls, Pa.; M. D; from Cleveland Medical College, 1863-64; Baden, Beaver county, Allegheny county, Enon Valley, Lawrence county, Charleston, W. Ya.; Beaver Falls, since October, 1866. • Stephen A. Craig, August 31, 1881; Freedom, Pa.; Freedom, Pa.; M. D. from Cincinnati College Medicine and Surgery, June 20, 1877; Freedom since. G. M. Nippert, September 2, 1881; Gars, France; New Brighton, Pa.; M. D. from Homeopathic Medical College, St. Louis, March 3, 1873. James H. Eamsey, September 3, 1881; Beaver county. Pa.; Bridge- water, Pa.; Western Eeserve College, February, 1871; Beaver county since; physician to County Home. William A. Sawyer, September 3, 1881; Washington county. Pa.; Darlington, Pa.; University Wooster, Cleveland, Ohio, February 29, 1872; Beaver county since'. David K. JSToss, September 6, 1881; Beaver county; Glasgow, Bea- ver county; Western Eeserve College, Cleveland, Ohio, February, 1880; Beaver county since. Benjamin Alexander Vance, September 7, 1881; Columbiana county, Ohio; Darlington, Pa.; M. D. from Miami Medical College, Cincinnati, Ohio, March, 1879; Darlington since. William A. McGeehorn, September S, 1881; Beaver county, ISTew Galilee, Pa.; University Wooster, Cleveland, Ohio, February 27, 1873. James K. White, September 8, 1881; Allegheny county; New Brighton, Pa.; University St. Louis, March 1, 1877; attended Cleveland Medical College, 1875-6; Washington county, 1877-80; Beaver county since. BEAVEE COUNTY. 213 Ulysses S. Strouas, September 12, 1881; Beaver county; Fairview, Ohio township; M. D. from Medical Department Western Reserve Col- lege, Cleveland, Ohio, February, 1873; Beaver county since graduation; now lives in Beaver, Pa. Solomon Frease, September 22, 1881; Somerset county, Pa.; New Brighton, Pa.; M. D. from Eclectic Medical College, Cincinnati, Ohio, February, 1854; New Brighton since 1877. George Y. Boal, September 28, 1881; Venango county. Pa.; Baden, Beaver coimty; M. D. from Cincinnati College of Medicine and Sur- gery, July, 1870; Baden, since 1866. Henderson J. Neely, October 10, 1881; Allegheny county; Union- ville, Pa.; M. D. from Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, March 13, 1881; Penn township, Butler county, since May, 1881. James Thomas Sawyer, October 11, 1881; Darlington, Pa.; Dar- hngton; University Wooster, Cleveland, Ohio, March 11, 1881; Dar- lington, since graduation. David McKinney, Jr., October 14, 1881; Center county. Pa.; New Brighton, Pa., M. D. from Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, spring of 1860. John S. Boyd, November 7, 1881; Beaver county; New Shefiield, Beaver county; M. D. from Homeopathic Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio, February 11, 1874. A. M. Anderson, November 10, 1881; Beaver county;. Hookstown; Washington county and Beaver county. Franklin D. Kerr, November 22, 1881; Hookstown, Pa.; Hooks- town; Western Reserve College, Cleveland, Ohio, 1878; Green town- ship, since 1878. Alfred' S. McCaskey, November 28, 1881; New Lisbon, Ohio; New Galilee, Pa.; M. D. Eclectic Medical Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio, June 7, 1881; New Galilee since March 16, 1881. John D. Coffin, December 2, 1881; Newburyport, Mass.; Home- wood, Pa. Judson M. Hazen, -December 7, 1881; North Sewickley township, Beaver county; North Sewickley township; Western Reserve College, Cleveland, Ohio, February 7, 1871. William Linnenbrink, December 24, 1881; Beaver county; Wall Rose, Beaver county; M. D. from Medical Department, Hudson Col- lege, February 29, 1873; Beaver county, since 1873. James Scroggs, Sr., March 11, 1882; Washington county, Pa.; Bea- ver, Pa.; University of Ohio, Cincinnati, 1848; Pennsylvania, various parts, for over thirty-five years. 214 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. Aaron T. Shallenberger, March 14, 1882; Mt. Pleasant, Pa.; Eoch- ester, Pa.; M. D. from Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, March 24, 1846; Eochester. James Barnes, March 14, 1882; Ohio township, Beaver county; Bridgewater, Pa.; Washington University, Baltimore, Md., March, 1849; attended Jefferson College, Bridgevfater, since 1850. Horace M. Shallenberger, March 14, 1883; Eochester, Pa.; Eoches- ter; M. D. from Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, 1876; Eoches- ter since. Walter A. Eose, March 15, 1882; St. Thomas, Ontario; Eochester, Pa.; University of Buffalo, JST. Y., February 26, 1867; Eochester and sur- rounding towns. Cyrus McConnell, March 20, 1882; Washington county. Pa.; Serv- ice, Pa.; Beaver count3% since 1868. P. M. Kerr, March 20, 1882; Beaver county; Eochester township; had practiced twenty-two years before registration; has since died. James B. Shaw, March 20, 1882; Beaver county; Service, Beaver county; Pennsylvania, in various parts, since 1863. Luther Marquis, March 29, 1 882; Washington county, Pa.; Yan- port. Pa.; Commissariat Hospital Steward at Washington, D. C, Septem- ber 20, 1864; discharged October 21, 1865; Pensylvania, since 1872. E. Steinfield, March 29, 1882; Kossen, Europe; New Brighton, Pa.; Pennsylvania, various parts, since 1854. Eichard J. Brittain, March 30, 1882; Beaver county; Xew Galilee, Pa.; M. D. from Jefferson Medical College. Philadelphia, March 10, 1863. James Uptegraft, March 31, 1882; Allegheny county, Pa.: Bridge- water, Pa.; practiced since 1866. Joseph Scroggs, April4, 1882; Allegheny county Pa.; Beaver, Pa.; M. D. from Medical Department University of Pennsylvania, March 12, 1877; Beaver county, since. James S. Louthan, April 29, 1882; Beaver county; Fairview, Pa.; M. D. from Medical Department Western Eeserve College, Cleveland, Ohio, March 15, 1882; diploma indorsed by Secretary of University Pennsylvania, March 29, 1882. Joseph S. Howe, May 4, 1SS2; Allegheny county. Pa.; Industry, Beaver county; M. D. from Philadelphia University of Medicine, February 25, 1868; Allegheny, Armstrong and Beaver counties. Mays S. Dayis, May 20, 1882, Moon township, Beaver county, Shippingport, Pa.; M. D. from Eush Medical College, Chicago, Febru- BEAYEK COUNTY. 215 ary 21, 18S2; certificate from Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, May 8, 1882. Henry C. Watson, May 23, 1882; Allegheny countjr, Pa.; Beaver Falls, Pa.; M. D. from Medical Department Western Eeserve UniYer- sity, Cleveland, Ohio, March 1."), 18S2; indorsed by Secretary Medical Department University, of Pennsylvania, April 20, 1882. Silas B. Post, May 31, 1882; Washington, Pa.; New Brighton, Pa.; M. D. from Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, March, 1882. Geo. H. Smith, June 6, 1882; Mercer county, Pa.; Eochester, Pa. M. D. from Homeopathic Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio, March 8, 1882; indorsed by Dean Hahnemann Medical College, Philadelphia, March 20, 1882. Alva L. Chapman, September 12, 1882; Ligonier, Westmoreland county; Homewood, Pa.; M. D. from College of Physicians and Sur- geons, Baltimore, Md., March i, 1879; practiced April, 1879 — August, 1882. Ed. S. Franks, September 30, 1882; Manchester, England; Beaver Falls, Pa.; American University, Pennsylvania, April 27, 1868; had practiced thirty -five years up to registration. William F. Sawhill, October 20, 1882; Playsville, Washington county; Beaver Falls, Pa.; M. D. from Jefferson Medical College, Phil- adelphia, March 30, 1882. Archibald B. Temple, April 7, 1883; Beaver county; Phillipsburg; M. D. from Medical Department Western Eeserve University, Cleve- land, Ohio, February 28, 1883; indorsed by Faculty Medical Univer- sity, of Pennsylvania, March 28, 1883. Joseph D. McCarter, May 11, 1883; Beaver county; Chippewa township, Beaver county; M. D. from Jefferson Medical College, Phila- delphia, April 2, 1883; has since removed to Beaver Falls, Pa. Granville Warburton, May 23, 1883; Canada; Phillipsburg, Pa.; M. D. from Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York, March 14, 1883; indorsed by Dean Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, May 19, 1883. L. BroAvn Means, July 6, 1883; Allegheny county, Pa.; Sewickley, Pa.; M. D. from Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, April 2, 1883. James E. Montgomery, August 6, 1883; Butler county, Pa.; Indus- try township^, Beaver county; M. D. from Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, March 12, 1879. A. S. Moon, March 15, 1884; Hookstown, Beaver county; Beaver Falls, Pa.; Western Eeserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, February 27, 216 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. 1884; indorsed by Secretary Medical University, of Pennsylvania, March 10, 1884. Samuel D. Sturgeon, March 17, 1884; ISToblestown, Allegheny county. Pa.; Beaver Falls, Pa.; M. D. from Medical Department West- ern Beserve Universitj'^, Cleveland, Ohio, February 27, 1884. , David Mowry, April 19, 1884; near Dayton, Ohio; New Brighton, Pa.; Yanderbilt University, Tennessee, March, 1884; was Professor of Anatomy in Meharry Medical College, ISTashville, Tenn., 1880-84. John B. Crombie, July 22, 1884; Allegheny City; New Sheffield, Pa.; University of Maryland, March 15, 1883; indorsed by Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, May 22, 1884. Andrew B. Mercer, November 25, 1884; Hancock county, "W. Ya.; Phillipsburg, Pa.; University of Michigan, June 26, 1884; indorsed by Dean Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, October 20, 1884. H. C. Iseman, February 26, 1885; "Westmoreland county, Pa.; Beaver, Pa.; had practiced up to registration more than ten years. F. W. Johnson, April 14, 1885; Hampton, Va.; Rochester, Pa.; had practiced in Philadelphia. Charles Elmer Jackson, May 2, 1885; Fallston, Beaver county; Beaver, Pa.; M. D. from Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York, March 9, 1885; indorsed by Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, April 24, 1885. Samuel H. Anderson, May 4, 1885; near St. Louis, Mo.; Beaver, Pa.; M. D. from Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York, March 9, 1885; indorsed by Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, April 24, 1885. Samuel Logan McCuUough, May 18, 1885; "Washington county, Pa.; Frankfort Springs, Pa.; University of City of New York, July, 1883; indorsed by Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, September, 1, 1883. Marshall Hartshorn, October 24, 1885; Darlington township, Bea- ver county; Bridgewater, Pa.; Beaver county. J. McGinnis Balph, November 12, 1885; Butler county, Pa.; Bea- ver Falls, Pa.; M. D. from College of Medicine and Surgery, Cincin- nati, Ohio, June 21, 1877. John J. Wickham, November 12, 1885; Rochester, Pa.; Rochester; M. D. from Ohio Medical College, March 25, 1885. Ferdinand Yenn, Sr., March 6, 1886; Drieburg, Germany; Bridge- water, Pa.; was educated in Berlin; practiced in Pittsburgh; retu-ed. John S. Jackson, April 13, 1886; North Sewickley, Beaver county; BEAVER COUNTY. 21Y North Sewickley; Baltimore University, March 4, 1886; indorsed by Medical Chir. College, Philadelphia. Samuel H. Matherson, April 15, 1885; Hanover township, Beaver county; Hookstown, Pa.; Medical College, Cleveland, Ohio, 1850-51; Butler county, 1851-70; Oakland county, Mich.; 1870-82; authorized by special order of court to practice in Beaver county. Henry J. Coyle, April 16, 1886; Pulaski township, Beaver county; Pulaski township; M. D. from Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia; AprQ 2, 1886. William Henry Craig, April 22, 1886; Freedom, Beaver county; Freedom; M. D. from College of Medicine and Surgery, Baltimore, Md., March 16, 1886; indorsed by Dean Medical Chir. College, Phila- delphia, March 18, 1886. George Purucker, April 30, 1886; Allegheny county, Pa.; Beaver Falls, Pa.; M. D. from College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, Md. ; March 15,1886; indorsed by Medical Chir. College, Philadel- phia, March 18, 1886. Charles L. Campbell, May 4, 1886; Cross Creek township, "Wash- ington county. Pa.; Frankfort, Pa.; M. D. from Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, April 2, 1886. Everett W. Sheets, May 12, 1886; East Palestine, Columbiana county, Ohio; Beaver Falls, Pa.; M. D. from Jefferson Medical College, ' Philadelphia, April 2, 1885. Robert James Marshall, October 7, 1886; Big Beaver township, Beaver county; Ohioville, Pa.; Western Eeserve University, Cleve- land, Ohio, March 3, 1886 ; indorsed by Dean West, Pennsylvania Medical College; Darlington, with Dr. W. A. Sawyer. George W. Beane, February 16, 1887; Wellsville, Ohio; Beaver Falls, Pa.; M. D. from Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York, March 14, 1883; Pittsburgh, after graduation. CHAPTER YTIl. EDUCATIONAL AND EELIGIOUS. Necessity of Education — Primitive Schools — The Common - School System of 1834 — Text Books — Teachers' Conventions — Early • Teachers — County Superintendency' — Teachers' Institutes—^ Colleges — Moravian Missionaries — Presbyterians — Episcopal- ians — Methodists — Lutherans — Baptists — United Brethren — Catholics — German Lutherans — Evangelical Association — Methodist Protestants — Reformed Presbytebians — Church ob' God — Christian Church — Colored Churches. WE must educate or we must perish, is a saying that has met the approval of inteUigent citizens everywhere. Schools well supported and properly conducted are the cheap defense of nations. Happy is the land whose marks show that the school-master is abroad. The education of the whole man, bod}^, soul and spirit, is the panacea for most of the illsthat aiflict the commonwealth. This truth was recognized by the early inhabitants of, Beaver county. The three structures that received their early care were a cabin for the family, a cabin for the church and a cabin for the school. In many cases one structure answered all purposes for a time ; then the same answered for school and church. As time advanced the style of architecture improved, and the equipments and conveniences were greatly multiplied. Time and space forbid our drawing a picture of the old log school-house with wide-throated chimney, puncheon floor, slab seats and desks, greased paper for windows ; occupied by a master with brawny muscle, his principal occupation being making pens out of quills, " doing stinw," applying the rod which stood ready in the corner • the pupils, the hearty boys and girls of the neighborhood, dressed in plainest homespun, and carrying their corn bread in little baskets, to be eaten at the noon hour ; the text-books consisting of Dillworth's or Webster's spelling book, the Bible, the Catechism, the English reader the Columbian orator, the arithmetics of Gough or Jess, or perchance 218 BEAVEK COUNTY. 221 DaboU's or Pike's, Murray's, or Kirkhaiu's grammar. Those days, however, produced strong men and women. The graduates of those log colleges mastered their lessons well, and bequeathed rich legacies to posterity. Let their memories be revered for what they did both for themselves and for future generations. The order of advance was first the private pay school ; then the public pay school ; then the academy or seminary, and lastly the public free school. It took time, and money, and patience, and more — earnest effort to reach the last. Opposition had to be encountered. Those not liberally educated themselves were averse to being taxed for the education of others. The efforts of General Lacock, Dr. Pollock and others of like character were required to convince the people that the public-school system was not only the best, but the cheapest for all classes. It equalized the burdens of society, and was the true safe- guard of republican mstitutions. Progress, of course, was made slowly. The victory, however, was won at last ; and school-houses of an improved character, occupied with better furniture and more intelli- gent and efficient teachers, sprang up in every neighborhood. Fortunately we have been able to find a few reports in the public press to show how these results were reached. The act of the assem- bly establishing the free schools of the commonwealth was approved by the governor April 1, 1834. Under its provisions the first election for school directors in each district was held on the third Friday of September following; and on the first Tuesday of ISTovember was appointed a joint meeting in each county of a delegate from the several boards of school directors and the county commissioners, for the pur- pose of deciding whether or not .a tax should be levied for the support of schools. , , In conformity with the act aforesaid, there was held at Beaver on the first Tuesday of November, 1834, a joint meeting of the delegates from the several districts of the county arid the county commissioners. The delegates were William Morton, North Sewickley; James Mackall, Green; Andrew Calhoun, Big Beaver; David Gordon, Han- over ; James Irons, Hopewell ; Kobert Nevins, Moon ; William Sheerer, Ohio; Thomas Silliman, Little Beaver ; J ohn K. Foster, North Beaver; Samuel Kennedy, Eaccoon ; John Douglass, South Beaver ; James Alli- son, Borough ; James Scott, Chippewa ; Enos Hill, Economy ; Thomas Alford, Shenango ; John Piersol, New Sewickley ; Archibald Eobinson, Fallston. The county commissioners at the time were Solomon Bennett, 13 222 HISTORY OF BEAVEK COUNTY. David Somers and James Scott. William Morton was chosen chair- man, and Kichard H. Agnew secretary. It was (1) moved by John K. Foster and seconded by John Doug- lass, " that a tax be assessed and levied according to the provisions of the act of assembly." Carried ; and (2) Moved by James Allison, and seconded by John Douglass, that the sum of $3,121.26 be fixed, and that the commissioners be requested to assess and fix that amount. This was carried too. Thus began the common-school system in the county. School systems are not self-executing. They need to be put into operation by intelligent iand efficient agents. We give a list of school inspectors for Beaver county, appointed by the court at December term, 1834: Borough township — Daniel Agnew, Hiram S. Stow; Moon — Joseph Phillis, William Elliott; Hopewell — David Scott, Thomas Bryan; Hanover — John Harshe, Patton; Green — Dr. M. Lawrence, William McHorg, Jr.; Ohio — Dr. John Clark, George Dawson; Brighton — William Scott, Eobert Potter; Borough of Fall- ston — Dr. E. K. Chamberlin, A. W. Townsend; Chippewa — Captain W. B. Osmon, Joseph Niblock ; South Beaver — John Martin, Esq., John McNickle ; Little Beaver — Eev. George Scott, Dr. Joseph Fra- zier ; Big Beaver — Kev. David Imbrie, Eichard D. Hudson ; North Beaver — Eev. James Wright, William AUsworth ; Sheoiango — Eev. Eobert Semple, Eev. A. Murray; North Sewichley — Dr. Eobert Cun- ningham, J. A. Benson; Economy — John Hull, William Knox; New Sewichley — Edward Hoops, Matthew Champlain. Now came the time for opposition. There were then as now some who insisted that the present order of things was good enough, and that any change is likely to be fraught with dire consequences. In Ohio township a pubhc meeting was called February 19, 1835, at which William Eayl was chairman, to consider the question : " Is the old system of education in this commonwealth preferable to the new ? " George Dawson was appointed foreman to lead the affirmative and Christopher Bowen the negative. All favorable to the two sides, respectively, were requested to stand up. The affirmative had but Mr. Dawson, and the negative had seven supporters. Owing to the inequal- ity of the forces, the discussion was postponed. In South Beaver a public meeting was held February 15, 1835, to consider school matters. James Johnston was chosen chairman and George McElhenny and Dr. James Young secretaries. Mr. John Douglass, being called upon to state the object of the meeting, made BEAVEE COUNTY. 223 some telling remarks on the benefits of a general system of public education, and then read a conjoint letter from the representatives in the assembly, General Abner Lacock and Dr. Joseph Pollock. From it the following significant extracts are taken : " In the first place we express our great satisfaction in learning that our fellow citizens of South Beaver township have been and are alive to the great, the important subject of general education. We are proud to repre- sent a people who have patriotism enough, and sufficient regard for the weal and the character of posterity, to subject themselves to some inconvenience and some additional and perhaps, in some cases, unequal burdens for the benefit of the poor in this age, and of all classes, in all time to come. The present school law is no doubt in some parts imperfect, as all systems may be expected to be ; but will the people of Pennsj'^lvania without trial, without giving time to repeal or modify its objectionable provisions, demand that it shall be totally repealed and abolished ? Will they at once blast the wishes and hopes of universal education ? Will they compel us, their representatives, to disregard the voice that calls to us from the graves of oyir fathers — the solemn, the imperious requisitions of the Constitution which we have sworn to support? What says the constitution? 'The legislature SHALL, AS SOON as Conveniently may be, provide by law for the estahlish- Tnent of schools throughout the state, in such manner that the poor may be taught geatis.' ' They shall — as soon.' Is forty-five years too soon ? We think not. We are willing, nay anxious, that the school law of last session may be amended, not destroyed. . . . Without objecting to what has been done for the encouragement of a liberal or classical edu- cation, we only ask that something effectual may at length be done to secure to the poor of this and succeeding ages the benefits of a common education ! Is this unreasonable ? Surely not." The meeting adopted a series of ringing resolutions indorsing the common-school system. One of them reads thus : " We view with sentiments of abhorrence and disgust the efforts of those opposed to a system of general education ; and consider their attempts at its sub- version as a conspiracy against our social interest — a disgrace to patri- otism, and an outrage on suffering humanity — equally opposed to sound morals, and the dictates of the Christian religion." It may be of some interest to know what text-books were used in the olden times. Those used in 1841 were as follows : Cobb's Speller, First, Second and Third Eeaders and Sequel; Western Calculator; Village and Parley's Geographies ; Hale's Prem. History of the United 224 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. States; Elementary Speller; United States Spelling Book; English Eeader ; Kirkham's Grammar ; Frost's History ; Missouri Harmonist ; Emerson's Eeaders and Huntingdon's Geography and Atlas. The first regular county teachers' association of which any record was found was called by S. L. Coulter and Hugh Anderson, to meet at the Academy Hall in Beaver, November 9, 1 844. It was preliminary to the formation of a regular organization. Dr. A. P. Dutcher, of 'New Brighton, delivered an address. At the next meeting held in Beaver, January 4, 1845, with William Eeed as secretary, the following text-books were adopted and recom- mended for use : Davies' Arithmetics ; Mitchell's Geographies ; Eos-' well C. Smith's Grammar; Cobb's JSTew Speller; Willard's United States History, and Parley's Commom School History. How long this organization maintained its vitality does not appear. It was transient, however, for on the 6th of April, 1850, a meeting of teachers was held in the public school-house in Eochester to organize a county teachers' association. H. B. Anderson was chosen chairman, and J. McGowan secretary. Two things were done : 1. A temporary organization was effected. 2. Tbe Feniisylvania Teacheri Magazine, published by Eev. J. J. Buchanan, was commended as a valuable auxil- iary in the cause of education, and urged upon teachers. On the 20th of April following, the association met at Beaver academy and formed a permanent organization with appropriate con- stitution and by-laws. The election of officers resulted as follows : President, P. L. Grim ; vice-president, H. B. Anderson ; recording secretary, J. MoGowan ; corresponding secretary, Z. Bliss ; treasurer J. McElrath; executive committee, W. Y. Brown, A. H. Lackey, J. P. Eeed, P. L. Grim and J. G. BHss. The next report of a meeting represents tjie society in a session at New Brighton, January 10, 1852, as taking advance grounds. Its members discussed with considerable ardor the two following proposi- tions : I (1) Resolved, That an education that does not embrace the full development of the moral as well as the physical and intellectual powers, is unworthy of the support of a Christian community. (2) Resolved, That the Bible should be read daily in all our schools, and the pupils instructed in the general principles of Christianity. It is to be regretted that no record has been kept of the early teachers in the county— those faithful workers whose sacrifices joined hand in hand with the early land pioneers and early preachers. From EEAVEE COUNTY. 225 various sources a few facts have been gathered relative to some of them. David Johnson, as will be seen by reference to the sketch of Beaver borough, was one of the earliest teachers in the county, and probably one of the most highly educated in his time. His impress was made upon Beaver academy, and through it upon many of the leading citizens of the community. He died in Beaver, March 6, 1837, aged ninety years. His dust slumbers i];i the old Beaver graveyard, but his memory remains green in the lives of those whom he instructed. In the. same chapter already referred to occurs a brief account of one of the early and faithful lady teachers, Helen Catlett. Eev. Thomas E. Hughes, the projector of Greersburg academy, was a pioneer teacher in Beaver county. His molding stamp was left upon that institution of learning which has turned out many prominent men and women, among whom was Dr. W. H. McGuffey, the author of the most popular series of readers ever published in America. On the south side. Rev. George Scott, of the Mill Creek church, was a teacher in various capacities, whoiniiuenced and fashioned public sentiment upon religious, educational and reformatory questions. John Harshe, subsequently a public official of note, was as early as 1810 a prominent guide of the young in his region round about the present village of Harshaville. In the same vicinity lived and taught an Englishmen by the name of Mulholland, who was considered a superior instructor. Mrs. Elizabeth Shillito, of Beaver, now in her eighty-fifth year, has in her possession a picture of four birds executed by Mr. Mulholland with his skillful goose-quill pen, and presented to her as a prize for good spelling, on Christmas day, 1812. James Pollock, a year or two later, performed pedagogical duties also in the same field. In what was Little Beaver township, John Boyles taught as early as 1800. In 1808 Joshua Hartshorn, a popular bachelor, taught in the southwest part of the township. He taught the alphabet by means of sticks — one cut in the shape of " d " would, by changing it in various ways, represent b, p, and q. He was succeeded by Joshua I^ewell and Sampson Dilworth. Richard Johnston was one of the first teachers in Big Beaver. Robert Grandy and IJobert Laughlin were teachers in 1815-20 in what is now Wayne township, Lawrence county, then a part of Beaver. In 1805 an Irishman, named John Kerr, taught near the present Beaver county line, in Perry township. He, too, was then a Beaver pedagogue. He was a good-hearted man, but not popular. His pro- 226 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. imnciation was faulty. In the same region, Andrew Elliott taught, about 1812, in a house built on land owned by himself. The location was decided by choosing between two sites, the successful one. to have the most children. Eobert Aiken decided the matter by promising to send five to the Elliott place. Children were then dressed in blue lin- sey, and were known as the " Eight-tract Blues." Samuel Sterrett, (known as " Master Sterrett,") an Irishman, James H. Yan Gorder and John Hines were also early teachers in that part of the county. In North Beaver, three prominent teachers, about 1806-T, were James Leslie, Peter Boss and Thomas McMillan. Shenango township was represented in its primitive days by Cor- nelius Staiford, an Englishman, who seems to have taught all over Beaver county. He was quick-tempered, and noted for the omission of the letter " h" in pronouncing words. Other teachers in those early days (1805-15) were John Gibson, James Leslie, James McCallaher and William Arnold. In Slipperyrock, Jehu Lewis, a Yirginian, taught between 1808 and 1812, about three miles from the present town of Princeton. Will- iam Wigton taught as early as 1815. In what is now Patterson township two quaker ladies, Mary Townsend and Mary Eeeves, taught successfully as early as 1806. In 1839 Lemuel G. Olmstead, A. M., was principal of what was called the Brighton Institute. In 1850, S. A. Curtis was principal of the New Brighton Female Seminarj'. Both these gentlemen are represented as having been efficient instructors. One of the efficient steps in promoting educational progress, not only in the county but in the state, was the establishment of county supervision in 1854-. It is in harmony with the sound doctrine that all enterprises, business, social, educational or governmental, need direc- tion — a governing power. The people have seen these benefits, and would be unwilling now to sacrifice or impair the system. As the direct result of the establishment of county supervi- sion, sprang up the second great agency of educational reform, the Annual Teachers' Institute. Everywhere its value is recognized as an agency in stimulating educational enthusiasm and fostering a profes- sional spirit. While much has been done, much remains to be done to place the teacher's calling where it rightfully belongs — an honored and Avell-paid profession whose ranks are filled with good men and women who have chosen teaching as their life work. Superadded to these humbler agencies, the influence of the acade- BEAVEE COUNTY. 22Y mies and colleges in the county, sketches of which are given under the boroughs to which they belong, must be recognized as stimulating a desire for the higher planes of learning and usefulness. The three active ones of this class at present are Darlington Academy, Beaver Female College and Geneva College — all deserving and popular insti- tutions. The first effort toward the establishment of religious worship, or the founding of religious congregations within the limits of the county, was made by the Moravian missionaries in ITYO, a body of men sent out by the United Brethren church to christianize the Indians in Western Pennsylvania and Ohio. George H. Loskiel has given a his- tory of their movements, and his work is referred to for fuller particu- lars than can be furnished in this sketch. With sixteen canoes, the congregation of Lawunakhannek, broken up April 17, 1770, descended the Ohio past Pittsburgh to the mouth of the Big Beaver river. Proceeding up the stream to the falls, they were compelled to unload^ and transport both canoes and goods by land to their destination. After wearisome and distressing traveling, they finally located near JSTew Castle and formed a settlement which was called Languntoutenuenk, or Freidenstadt, the " Town of Peace." The Indi- ans were actively engaged on their plantations, and dwelt in bark huts. A large hut was built for religious meetings. Here the first congrega- tion was established, and on the 12th of June, 1770, the first baptism was performed, it being that of the wife of the blind Indian Chief, Solomon. The white men who were the leaders in this missionary work were Eev. David Zeisberger and Kev. John Ettwein. They were ably assisted by the Kev. John Heckewelder, whose interesting narrative is a source of valuable and reliable information. He gives the rules of the congregation, which we take great pleasure in transcribing. They show that those early Indians were placed under salutary restraints, which might be imposed at the present day with valuable results upon white congregations: (1) We will know of no other God, nor worship any other but Him who has cre- ated us, and redeemed us with His most precious blood . (3) We will rest from all labor on Sundays, and attend the usual meetings on that day for divine service. (3) We will honor father and mother, and support them in age and distress. (4) No one shall be permitted to dwell with us, without the consent of our teachers. (5) No thieves, murderers, drunkards, adulterers, and whoremongers shall be suffered among us . 228 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. (6) No one that attendeth dances, sacrifices, or heathenish festivals, can live among us. (7) No one using TrcJiappieh {or v/itchcrait) in hunting shall be suffered among us. (8) We will renounce all juggles, lies, and deceits of Satan. (9) We will he obedient to our teachers, and to the helpers (national assistants) who are appointed to see that good order be kept, both in and out of town. (10) We will not be idle and lazy, nor tell lies on one another, nor strike each other We will live peaceably together. (11) Whoever does any harm to another's cattle, goods or effects, etc., shall pay the damages . (12) A man shall have only one wife, love her and provide for her and the chil- dren. Likewise a woman shall have but one husband, and be obedient to him; she shall also take care of the children, and be cleanly in all things . (13) We will not permit any rum or spirituous liquor to be brought into our towns. If strangers or traders happen to bring any, the helpers (national assistants) are to take it into their possession, and take care not to deliver it to them until they set off again. (14) None of the inhabitants shall run in debt with traders, nor receive goods on commission for traders, without the consent of the national assistants. \ (15) No one is to go on a journey or long hunt, without informing the minister or steward of it. (16) Young people are not to marry without the consent of their parents, and taking their advice. (17) If the stewards or helpers apply to the inhabitants for assistance, in doing work for the benefit of the place, such as building meeting and school houses, clearing and fencing lands, etc., they are to be obedient. (18) All necessary contributions for the public ought cheerfully to be attended to. The foregoing were all adopted prior to the Eevolution. Six years afterward, however (that is, during the war), when some of the Dela- ware concluded to join in the conflict, these rules were passed : (19) No man inclining to war, which is the shedding of blood, can remain among us. (20) Whosoever purchases goods or articles of warriors, knowing at the time that such have been stolen or plundered, must leave us. We look upon this as giving encour- agement to murder and theft. Heckewelder's Narrative, pp. l;i2-lS4. The early settlers of Beaver county being almost exclusively Scotch and Scotch-Irish, the prevailing religious sentiment was necessarily Presbyterian. Hence we are justified in expecting Presbyterianism to be the first phase of religious faith introduced into the new county. The oldest congregation in the county is the one known as the Mill Creek Presbyterian Church, the records of which carry us back to 1Y85 clearly. It is not improbable that some of its members were residents and professed Christians ten or twelve years earlier. Its history is given elsewhere, as also the history of other congregations of that denomination. The two original denominations, which in 1858 united to form the BEAVEE COUNTY. 231 United Presbyterian Church, were the Associate and the Associate Reformed. These two organizations, it seems, were second to occupy the field, and began operations ahnost simultaneously. Their history is found in connection with the United Presbyterian Church, whose congregations, in the main, have absorbed the former. Eudolpha Hall, or Service Theological Seminary, will be found described in connection with the Service church. Episcopalianism was first introduced into Beaver county about 1Y99, by Rev. Francis Reno, who was the first Episcopal clergyman west of the Allegheny mountains. He was born near Richmond, Va., February 7, 1Y57, and died in Rochester, Pa., August 12, 1836, in his eightieth year. He was ordained in Philadelphia by Bishop White in 1791, and located near what is now Rochester in 1799. He preached all over the county, in log cabins, barns, groves, etc., as occasion pre- sented; and for a long time did much of the marrying except that done by justices of the peace. He left eleven children : John, Elizabeth, Charles S., Lewis, William, Henry, Jane, Thomas, Francis, Susanna and Jesse, to advocate his faith. Individual Episcopal congregations will be found elsewhere described. Methodism, usually an aggressive organization, was slow to secure a foothold in the county. Its introduction dates to about 1822-25, when Beaver and Sharon were first made preaching points. By refer- ence to the sketches of the congregations at Beaver, Bridgewater and New Brighton, it will be seen that some controversy exists as to the seniority of congregations. One diificulty has been experienced in giving the history of Meth- odist congregations: absence of complete records, such as are found in Presbyterian and United Presbyterian churches. Frequent changes of preachers in Methodist congregations have had the effect to beget care- lessness in keeping records, and indifference on the part of many preach- ers as to the gathering up of material for historic sketches. Lutheranism is of comparatively recent origin. The sketches of churches in the various boroughs and villages will show the order of growth. Baptist churches had some difficulty in securing a strong foothold. Several of them died, and left no traces of their Avork. Rochester, Beaver Falls and New Brighton have each good congregations that have " come to stay." The United Brethren have made a number of ineffectual attempts to establish their plea. 232 HISTORY OF BEAVEK COTJNTY. Catholicism secured a foothold in about 1835, when the little con- gregation in Beaver was organized. Since then churches have sprung up in manufacturing and mining centers of the county. Several German Lutheran congregations have been established and are now in flourishing condition. The same remark may be made rela- tive to the Evangelical association. Its work, however, began quite recently. Two congregations of Methodist Protestants represent the strength of that organization, one each at Beaver Falls and ISTew Brighton. The establishment of Geneva College by the Keformed Presby- terian denomination led to the organization of one or two congrega- tions, the origin of which does date far back. The Church of God has one congregation at New Brighton, the history of which is given in connection with that borough. The Christian Church, with its plea for the Bible only as the basis of Christian union and success, has but one congregation, Beaver Falls. Its introduction, too, is recent. There is a number of colored churches in the county, at Bridge- water and New Brighton, etc. The people of the county certainly have opportunities to worship God without let or hindrance, this vast array of denominations being sufficiently numerous to meet the demands of all shades of belief. CHAPTER IX. POPULAR AGITATIONS AND PHILANTHEOPIC EEFOEMS. Centeifugal and Centripetal Foeces — Radicalism and Conseevatism — Politics — Tempeeance — Slaveet — Anti-Masonic Excitement The Famine in Ieeland — Visit of Kossuth — Bible Society Sunday-school Association. THE analogy existing between the forces of matter and those of mind is accepted by all true philosophers. He who fashioned the physical universe is the same Being who created the elements and laws of the spiritual universe. The acceptance of the doctrine that analo- gous laws obtain in both realms is the key-note to their proper inter- pretation and comprehension. The two great counter-forces in nature are the centrifugal and the centripetal. The former is destructive in its character. Under the law that a body in motion tends to move in a direct line, it would hurl the planets of both solar and stellar systems into utter ruin. But an oppos- ing force, the centripetal, intervenes. It would draw them all to a common center and interfere with all progress. As a result of these opposites, the planets move in elliptical orbits, affording us the inimita- ble harmony of the spheres, and demonstrating that " order is Pleaven's first law." In human society two kindred forces exist. We may go further and assert that in every human being they exist. These forces are radicalism and conservatism. Radicalism, dissatisfied with the present order of things, is iconoclastic in its motives and methodp. It blazes out new paths, rushes into new and unexpected wilds, and carries the Tv^ar into the enemy's country. It lives a quarter of a century in advance of its time, and holds aloft the torches by which the plodding masses may be guided. It is restless and impatient, and may be harshly censorious. It burns the bridges behind, and decides never to look back to witness the destruction produced. In the plodding ranks are to be found the great majority of man- 333 234 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. kind — the conservatives. If it be true that the voice of the people is the voice of God, then the masses are right. Enlightened and given proper time to reflect, they are right. Conservatism cries out " Stop ! Don't be so fast." It dislikes to be jostled out of its easy pace. Present comfort and gratification are its sources of happiness. It says, in effect, " Let us eat, drink and be merry, for to-morrow we die." The conflict between these opposites results in the general harmony of society. The growth of either force presages the destiny of the community. Eadicahsm is the bulls of finance; conservatism the bears. Radicalism operated the underground railroad, made the raid on Har- per's Ferry, originated temperance, educational, social, religious and political reforms. Conservatism punished John Brown, opposed reforms and resisted the onward march of events. In the light of this presentation of the two forces of society, we are prepared to understand what Paul meant by saying, " When I would do good evil is always present with me." He studied his own nature, and found this irrepressible conflict. It exists everywhere. POLITICAL. Politics is the science of government. The true politician, then, is one who studies the subject of government, and endeavors to apply, wisely, the principles which he has learned. A wide difference exists between true statemanship and partisan demagogism. The former implies the careful study of history, law, political economy, government and statistics as well as the current of events as unfolded in periodical literature; the latter is usually the syn- onym of hasty and imperfect information absorbed from the gossip of the street and daily newspaper, and perverted for pernicious purposes. The latter is the bane of modern political life, and the standing menace to the republic. Every careful observer has noticed the marked difference in the methods of conducting political campaigns at the present time and fifty years ago. This difference consists in several particulars: 1. Then the stump orator furnished both the information and the inspiration for the people. People attended mass meetings to be instructed upon questions of government. J^ow, congressional reports and the daily press furnish the information, and the speaker finds his audience as thoroughly posted as himself. He imparts very little knowledge. 2. Telegraphs and telephones spread the speeches and actions of BEAVEK COUNTY. 235 public men before the people almost instantly, and give an opportu- nity for the great jury to make up their minds as to the questions at issue. 3. Party platforms perform a more important function now, and the explanatory letters less than formerly. •i. Organization is a more important factor now. The reo'istra- tion of votes, the challenging of suspicious ones, the employing of pro- fessional workers to carry elections — all these agencies are compara- tively modern. Party spirit has had a firm foothold in Beaver county. The con- flicts between the federalists and the anti-federalists, the national republicans and democrats, the whigs and democrats, and the repub- licans and democrats of modern days have been occasionally quite fierce. At times special issues gave intensity to the struggles; as for instance, in 1828 and later anti-masonry was go bitter as to curd the milk of human kindness. The spirit of it may be seen by reference to the Hanover meeting in another part of this chapter. In 1854 the body politic was greatly agitated by know-nothingism with its ominous ques- tion: "Have you seen Sam?" The action of the abolitionists had a tendency to disconcert both of the great parties, and to intensify the rancor of partisan feeling. During Jackson's administration; 1829-37, his friends espoused his cause warmly, and his opponents fought him with equal bitterness. Tickets were labeled anti-Jackson, to show the convictions of their sup- porters. A feeling of a caustic character existed between General Jackson and General Abner Lacock in consequence of the condemna- tory report made by the latter on the former's conduct in the Seminole war. It is said that Jackson threatened to cut Lacock's ears off. It was never done, though ample opportunity, it is claimed, was afforded. In the autumn of 1829, the convention which met to nominate can- didates for the general assembly, and which finally selected Moses Sul- livan for the state senate, and Abner Lacock and Pobert Moore for the state assembly, wishing to determine the exact position of their candi- dates upon the great and burning questions of the day, appointed a committee consisting of Sylvester Dunham, Thomas Henry and John Clarke to secure from them their " unbiased sentiments on the great question that has divided the Southern, JSTorthern and Western states respecting carrying on a general system of internal improvements, and affording protection ^ to domestic manufactures." The reply, dated September 2, 1829, and signed by Lacock and Moore, contained the following quite novel and suggestive remarks: 236 HISTOEY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. On the subject of internal improvements and the protection of domestic manufact-' ures, we think there should be but one opinion entertained among us, and that should be favorable to the policy — and those who manifest adverse sentiments must found them in error, or be influenced by personal motives hostile to our primary interests. A nation is but an enlarged family or community, associated for the general ben- efit, and the same policy that would be beneficial in our families will apply with equal or greater force to a nation. Every family among us, governed by a wise policy, manufact- ures all their common wearing apparel, and purchases as few foreign articles as possible; thus keeping out of debt, maintaining their independence; and this course should be pur- sued by the United States. A nation who [which] has the raw material and will not manufacture not only the articles of the first necessity, hut those of ornament and luxury, within the compass of their mechanical skill, but depends on foreign nations for their sup- ply — that natfon will soon find itself involved in debt, with constant complaints of the scarcity of money, frequent bankruptcies and much distress among her citizens, followed ultimately, perhaps, by a total loss of her independence. Intimately connected with this subject, and forming a part of what is emphatic- ally called the American System, are increased facilities of intercourse, by means of roads and canals. These, practically speaking, overcome space, and bring distant sec- tions of our country in close and intimate connection. By them the mutual wants of society are supplied, prejudices destroyed, good feelings, charitable sentiments and mu- tual friendship, with wealth, comfort and national prosperity produced, cherished and consummated. Bepeal the Tariff of 1823, and check the progress of internal improvement, and in effect we cancel the Declaration of Independence, and shall revert back to a state of colonial dependence on Great Britain. She will enjoy (without the expense of governing us) all our trade, receive all our money, and place her as to the United States in a better condi- tion than before the Revolution. We shall be allowed to enjoy a nominal but not an actual independence. ■ These, gentlemen, are our unbiased but decided opinions on the general subject; and we firmly believe that the future prosperity and happiness of not only Pennsylvania, but the Union, depends upon the maintenance and vigorous prosecution of this system. And when we find this protective system in danger from secret enemies at home or abroad, we feel it a duty we owe to you, gentlemen, to ourselves and to the public, to declare our entire conviction that however we may esteem men [who hold different sentiments] for their private virtues, still they are unworthy of public confidence as statesmen. In September, 1831, the atiti-Jackson and national republican com- mittee of Beaver county, signed by Oliver Cunningham, Abner Lacock, David Eakin, Robert Herron and William McCallister, published an address to the people, urging them to support, in the ensuing October election, John Clarke, Esq., of North Beaver, and William IVIcCune, of Moon, for the legislature, rather than Samuel Power and John K. Shan- non, who were ardent supporters of Jackson. McCune l)ecame alarmed at the prospects, and withdrew, Avhen Thomas Foster, of Georgetown was substituted. The result of the heated fight was the election of Power and Shannon, the vote standing: Power, 1,178- Shannon 1 175: Clarke, 873, and Poster, 751. The presidential campaign of 1840 was one of the most exciting BEAYKR COUNTY. 237 this country ever passed.througli. It Avas designated the " Log Cabin " campaign, the "Hard Cider" campaign, etc., to siiow the]rustic feature of the chief's early hfe, and to touch the popular heart. As a specimen of the campaign songs of those early days, we reproduce one of this period. It is entitled ^[ATTY VAN. Good morning, Matty Van, I hope I find you hearty, I have a word or two to say About the next election day And our little party, Matty V-A-N. Our Amos, like a rat. Has left a ship that's sinking. And now with Rives & Blair goes snacks. But they will all have to make tracks. By the 4th of March, I'm thinking, Matty Van. The British Tory Whigs, With Harrison and Tyler, Will keep that ball a rolling o'er. Much faster than it rolled before. Until they burst your biler, Matty Van. We office holders love Fine dinners & good trimmings. But the Whigs have got the longest poles, The warmest hearts and biggest souls. They'll knock down all the 'simmons, Matty Van. They say in Indiana, Tour case is no go, sir. They've got but one Van Buren man. They'll keep from turning if they can. And make of him a show, sir, Matty Van. In old Virginia, too. Where once you lived in clover. The things began to look quite blue. They'll go for Tip & Tyler, too, I fear you are done over, ' Matty Van. Ohio and Kentuck, Will go for Tip and Ty, sir. And it is just as sure as fate. They'll beat you in your native state. And that will cost you die, sir, Matty Van. We thought that all you did To our party would no harm be. But you woke up the wrong passage. And got the wrong sow by the ear. With Poinsett's standing army, Matty Van. You are a cunning man, Who knows you that will doubt, sir. You thought that you were very sly. But the dear people say you lie. And they will turn you out, sir, Matty Van. It was a dirty trick, You can't deny the fact, sir, But we think it was bad policy. To sign a bill you did not see, And then deny the act, sir, Matty Van. The Devil is to pay. We see the storm a brewing. The Army & Sub-Treasury Bill, You'll find will be a bitter pill, And be the party's ruin, Matty Van. Your measures and their fruits. The people cannot stomach, [true, Your battles fought with blood-hounds And negro suffrage will not do. On this side the Potomac, Matty Van. 238 HISTORY OF BEAVEK COUNTY. MATTY VAN— CoNTiNTjED. We think about next March, And neither will they take, Your friends will be uneasy. The Oinercd's ipse dixit. They'll he enquiring all about. Nor he that follows in his wa.ke If your anxious mother knows you're out Going in & out just like a snake, And that's the way they'll tease you, No way that you can fix it, Matty Van. Matty Van. The Tennesseeans, too, Down in the state of Maine, Will make the breach still wider, 'Tis true as line and plummit. They say they'll have no more to do, They put their finger on their nose. With such a slippery elm as you. Crying, here she goes, and there she goes, But go in for hard cider. But judge, you cannot eome it. and Tippecanoe. Matty Van. Now Matty Van, adieu. We leave you to your fate, sir. You're going off all in a trice. To follow after Billy Price, And Samuel Swartwout too, sir. Matty, Adieu. Harrison's majority over Yan Buren in Beaver county was 1,433. The president elect passed Beaver, going up the Ohio river on Friday, January 27, 1841, en rouU for Washington. A delegation of 343 men from Pittsburgh went on the steamer " F.ulton " to Wheeling, and escorted him on the steamer "Ben Franklin" to their city, Avhere he was greeted by thousands of people. lie remained at the Pittsburgh hotel until Monday, when he left for Brownsville, on the steamboat " Loyalhanna," and thence by stage along the national road to the seat of government. The campaign of 1844 between James Knox Folic and Henry Clay was a vigorous one. Both leaders had been long in public life, and were popular with their own people. The people of the country, con- vinced that Dallas and Polk, Will make a good yoke, accorded the palm of victory to the democratic candidates. On Monday, March 27, 1848, Henry Clay reached Beaver Point on the Steamer "Monongahela" (Captain Stone). He was escorted at once to the mansion of Stephen and Sherlock Stone, where he was received Avith a neat httle address by Major Joshua Logan. The response was brief but touching. He paid a high compliment to Beaver county, declaring he had long known it through representatives in congress. Said he : " I remember well Abner Lacock, who stood shoulder to BEAVER COUNTY. 241 shoulder with me and others before and during the late war with Great Britain, than whom Pennsylvania has never produced a better and very few abler men." The campaign of 1848, while not so exciting as that of 1840, had in it the halo of military glory. Cass was popular because of his suc- cess in the war of 1812. General Zachary Taylor had but recently returned from his successful campaigns in Mexico, and was enveloped with the glory that encircles the martial hero. The whigs were suc- cessful, and Taylor and Fillmore went to Washington, to fill their respective offices. In August, 1849, President Taylor and Governor Johnston made a trip to Western Pennsylvania, examining the condition and resources of the state as they passed along. From the Allegheny county line, which they reached Tuesday, August 21, they were escorted to Econ- omy, where they were hospitably entertained by the society. After dinner, the procession, under the guidance of Maj. Joshua Logan, was then formed and moved along in good order through Kochester, over the bridge and through Bridgewater to Shepherd's Point hotel, which had been selected as the place of lodging. The committee of reception was in waiting, as were also representatives from all parts of the county without distinction of party, to do appropriate honors to the state and national executives. A lengthy but appropriate address of welcome was delivered by U. P. Fetterman, Esq., who expatiated in eloquent terms upon the growth and general prosperity of the region visited, and paid a glowing tribute to the military achievements of " Old Rough and Ready." In response President Taylor said : I cannot find words adequate to expre.ss my heartfelt gratitude for the kind and cordial reception given me by the citizens of Beaver county. I have come here to meet the people in a plain and social way, without ostentation, as befits the President of this great republic; and to examine and become acquainted, in detail, with their agricult- ural, commercial and manufacturing resources. The subject is one of great importance to the wliole Union, and especially to the state of Pennsylvania; and so far as is proper in the Executive to interfere, I shall co-operate with the National Legislature in all measures best calculated to develop and sustain her prosperity. So far as internal improvements are concerned, I am strongly in favor of a sys- tem by which we shall have good harbors and navigable rivers ; and will do everything proper to produce a result so desirable, In regard to my military services, I can only say that forty years of my life have been spent in the service of my country, principally in the field ; and it cannot therefore be expected that I should possess the same facility in addressing such a large and respectable audience as many of your citizens doubtless do. The credit is due for the success of the operations in Mexico to the ofiBcers and soldiers, both regulars and volunteers, more than to myself ; but glorious as those victories were, they have left many a pang behind, The wife who loses a husband— the parent 14 242 HISTOEY OF BEAVKE COUNTY. who loses a child — finds but poor consolation in the fact that a victory was achieved. "We are a nation of soldiers, from Maine to Texas; and the great thing to be feared is that we may encourage too much a warlike spirit at the expense of the Arts of Peace. Peace is the true policy of the country, and although we cannot but sympathize with the struggling nations of Europe, we should remember the axiom of Washington, and avoid all "entangling alliances;" still, if war comes, as it sometimes must, I am in favor of carrying it on with all the force and vigor we possess. In the Argus of July 25, 1865, appears an address to the citizens of Beaver county signed by several hundred prominent gentlemen, designating the 29th of August as a time for the selection of county official candidates. It is the date of the organization of the republican party in the county. The signers ?ay : "Believing that the recent and continued aggressions of slavery have rendered necessary the dis- bandment of all existing political organizations, and a close arid inti- mate union of those who think resistance to each and eyery aggression of slavery paramount to every other political issue, earnestly invite all who are in favor of resistance to each and every aggression of slavery, and in favor of freedom and free labor, and of the restoration of free- dom to the territories of Kansas and Nebraska," to engage in such measures as will accomplish the purposes sought. The campaign of 1860 was, like the one of 1840, an animated one. The democratic party had two candidates : John C. Breckenridge rep- resenting one wing, and Stephen A. Douglas the other. Abraham Lincoln was the standard-bearer of the republican party. John Bell represented a conservative, compromise party. Mr. Lincoln was elected. The issues and divisions of the campaign were carried into the opening of the civil war that ensued, and must be recognized to understand properly that fearful conflict. President Lincoln passed through Eochester on the train at 4 p.m. of Thursday, February 14, 1861. Long before the arrival of the train the depot and platforms were crowded with persons of both sexes and of all ages, anxious to see the celebrated " rail splitter " and first repub- lican president. Music, flags and cannon announced the interest of the peojjle in the occasion. ' At length the special train arrived, and tarried twenty minutes. Mr. Lincoln, in response to the cheers and repeated calls of the multi- tude, appeared on the platform of the rear car, and bowed recognition to the assembled throng. lie declared that he had no speech to make to them, but was en route for Washington, where he would have some- thing 'to say to all, on the 4th of March. At this point a voice cried: " What will you do with the secessionists then ?" Turnino- in the direc- BEAVER COUNTY. 243 tion of the voice, Mr. Lincoln said, " Mj'^ friend, that is a matter which I have under very grave consideration." Alt amusing incident occurred at the time, which illustrates a peculiar phase of western character. Mr. Henry Dillon, now a resident of Beaver Falls, a very enthusiastic republican, and a man whose height is about six feet and four inches, cried out to Mr. Lincoln : "Mr. Presi- dent, I am taller than you are." " Let us see about that," responded " Old Abe," reaching out his hand to Mr. Dillon, who in a moment was by his side. Turning their backs to each other, Mr. Lincoln said, " JSTow, stand fair and no cheating." Then reaching his hand up and patting Mr. Dillon's bald head, Mr. Lincoln said, " Ah, my friend, I can lick salt from your head !" to which sally the crowd responded with vocif- erous cheering. Shortly after the 'nomination of General Garfield, in 1880, to the presidency, he was passing through the county. The train stopping at Beaver Falls, he appeared on the platform of the rear car, clad in a long linen duster and felt hat. No arrangements had been made to receive him. He stood gazing at the audience m silence, when an impudent urchin broke the monotony by exclaiming : " For God's sake, take him in. He'll never be President, anyhow." The General , smiled, which called out three rousing cheers for the presidential candi- date. The train departed, relieving both parties of a painful embar- rassment. Within eighteen months from the occurrence of this humorous incident, two sad events occurred near the same place. As the result of the assassin's aim, President Garfield died September 19, 1881. Earlj'- on Saturday morning, on the 24th of the same month, his body, accompanied by a special train of relatives and distinguished friends and officials, passed through Rochester and Beaver on the C. & P. E. P., en route for Cleveland, to be buried. Simultaneously a special train of newspaper reporters was passing over the P. & L. E. R. E., to reach Cleveland in time to make necessary arrangements to report the pro- ceedings of the funeral. The fast train came dashing over the iron bridge across the Ohio, and, running at the rate of fifty or sixty miles per hour, struck a hand- car on the bridge across Brady's run. It contained nine men, carpen- ters, who had just left Beaver station and expected to reach their destination before the train appeared. In this they miscalculated. In the mist of the morning, the car was hurled from the track, and six men killed instantly, viz : Eichard D. Brown, of Beaver ; Stephen 24:4 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. Foster and James Carney, of Homewood; George Van Kirk, of Kia- sola; James Robinson, foreman, of West Bridgevvater, and James Baldwin, of PhiUipsburg. Three men, by leaping and catchmg on the trestle or falling to the rocky surface thirty feet below, were saved, viz • M D Erwin, of Beaver (since killed in aatumn of 1887, at Allegheny, by a train on the P. Ft. W. & C. E. R), and WilhamL. Graham and Jerome Peterson, of West Bridgewater. The railroad company paid the families of the victims $1,000 each, and the newspapers of the East made liberal contributions also for their relief. TEMPEEANCE. The question of temperance, which of late years has assumed such an importance, received the attention of Beaver county's citizens more than fifty-five years ago.* According to a previous announce- ment, a meeting was held at the courthouse, January i, 1833, to discuss the subject and to take measures for the organization of a county temperance society. Hon. Thomas Henry was chosen president, Edward Wright, vice-president, and John Clarke, secretary. A com- mittee, consisting of Dr. Joseph Pollock, Benjamin Adams and John Clarke, was appointed to draft resolutions to be presented to a meeting held the following evening. Of this assemblage Plon. John Bredin was chairman, Hon. Thomas Henry, vice-president, and Enoch Marvin and John Clarke, secretaries. The committee reported as follows : W/tereas, The common and excessive use of ardent spirits and other intoxicating drinks has prevailed to an alarming extent, in our free and happy country, threatening corruption of the morals, destruction of the peace, and prostration of Ihe physical ener- gies of the people ; and J. , J . ..,.,. T Whereas, A. continuance of this state of things has a direct and inevitable tending to anarchy and confusion in the state, by vitiating the people, the source of its power, incapaciating man for the triie discharge of all his duties to his God, his country, his family and himself, and sinking him in the scale of created beings, from the eminence of the first rank, to a level of the most brutish of God's creation; Therefore, Resolved, 1. That in the opinion of this meeting it is the high and imperious duty of every citizen, by precept and example, to discountenance and discourage the improper and excessive use of all intoxicating drinks. 2. That, whereas, in the opinion of this meeting, the temperate, common and pro- miscuous use of such drinks are the common and ordinary means by which temperate men become intemperate, the sober learn to become drunken, the high-minded, intelligent and respectable become debased, stupid and disreputable; therefore such means as shall be *As early as January 3, 1831, record is found of a temperance society, at a meeting of which, held at the Mill Creek meeling-house on the date mentioned, an able and stir- ring appeal for total abstinence was made by Rev. George Scott. BEAVER COUNTY. 245 found most effectual to check the cause alluded to must have a direct tendency to arrest the evil of intemperance and lessen all the ills of life, with which it is justly chargeable. 3. That in the opinion of this meeting the organization of temperance societies, by uniting the energies of its friends, and demonstrating the practicability and utility of total abstinence, enlisting public opinion against intemperance, and all means by which it is engendered and perpetuated, have done much, and are calculated to do much more, to remedy existing evils and prevent their prevalence in all time to come. 4. As the sense of this meeting, a county temperance society ought to be organized in this place, and that a committee of five persons, viz: Dr. Joseph Pollock, Rev. W. Maclean, William Morton, Benjamin Adams and John Clarke, be now appointed to draft a constitution and by-laws for its government, to report to a public meeting to be held in this place on Wednesday evening of the next September court. Short and appropriate addresses were then made by Hon. William "Wilkins and Walter Forward, of Pittsburgh. Other meetings speedily- followed, one announced to be held at the residence of Widow Law- rence, of South Beaver township, April 24, 1833 ; another, the one mentioned above, in September, at which the constitution of the Eeaver County Temperance Society was adopted, and organization perfected; and many others in different parts of the county. The next record found of the county society is dated November 29, 1837, at which time a meeting was held at the Presbyterian church, in Beaver, with Hon. John ISTesbit, president, and William Allison, secretary. Among the various items of business transacted was the passing of the following resolution, which demonstrates that the temperance cause, even in its early days, enlisted the co-operation of prominent men in the county : Beaolved, That the following committee for the different districts in this county be appointed to visit those respective districts for the purpose of reviving and encouraging temperance societies, where they already exist, and of establishing them wherever prac- ticable where they do not exist, to-wit : For Beaver City — Revs. J. D. Ray, Sloane, Thorne and Scott, of Darlington. For Darlington — Rev. A. O. Patterson and William B. Clarke, Esq. For Ohio township — Rev. J. Ray and B. B. Chamberlin, Esq. For Little Beaver township — Rev. J. Wright and Hon. J. Nesbit. For Shenango and Korth Sewickley townships — Rev. A. Williams, John Winter, Rev. Murray, Mr. Bloss, and Mr. Ethan A. Stewart. For South Beaver — Rev. Z. H. Costin and William Allison, Esq. For New Sewickley — Rev, Jackson and Milo A. Townsend. For North Beaver — Rev. Dilworth, Rev. A. O. Patterson and Jas. Patterson, Esq. For Economy — Rev. Henderson, Rev. J. Ray and Richard H. Agnew. For Moon — Rev. Mr. Hamlet and Rev. Sloane. For Hopewell — Dr. Andrew Harshe and Rev. Thorne. For Greene — Rev. J. D. Ray, Mr. Elliott and Rev. Williams. For Raccoon — Rev. Scott, Rev. Adderiy. For Hanover — William McHarg, Henry H, Singleton, Rev. Costin, and J. L. Nye. For Big Beaver — -Rev. Mr. Imbrie and John Carothers, Esq. For Chippewa — John Winter, Enoch Marven and C. C. Gzowski, Esqs. 246 HISTOEY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. Perhaps the first solution offered to the vexing question of intem- perance was found in the crusade of total abstinence, inaugurated at the earliest period of the agitation. The following circular, addressed to the " Total Abstinence Temperance societies " of Beaver county, October 22, 184.5, will explain the condition of the movement in the county at that time : At a meeting of the Total Abstinence Temperance Society of Bridgewater and vicinity, held on the 20th inst., it was Resolved, That for the purpose of eHecting a more united action in the temperance reformation, a county temperance society be organized, composed of one or more dele- gates from each society, to meet in the borough of Beaver, on the evening of the first Monday of each court, the first meeting to be held in the Methodist church on the 17th of November next. The undersigned delegates appointed under the above resolution, would respect- fully submit the proposition to the several societies for their immediate action. Among the objects to be accomplished are the collection of statistical facts — the progress or declension of the cause in the county — the dissemination of information, and above all to bring to the cause that strength ever attendant on union. (Signed) Joshua Logan, Jackson Sloan, O. Cunningham, James Poetbr, S. B. Wilson. "When prohibition became a phase of the temperance work, it found many ardent supporters. In 1854 the people of Pennsylvania were permitted to vote on a prohibitory law. It lacked but about 5,000 votes of being carried. The Argus of September 20, 1854, indorsed the measure in the foUowinsf words : " It is undoubtedly the policy of wisdom for the temperance men to make an energetic effort at the present time, as the question has not yet assumed so deep a political hue as to be a test of party orthodoxy. * * * Then let there be such action taken immediately as will bring to the polls every friend of prohibition in the county."" The October election showed the vote in Beaver county to stand 1,955 for prohibi- tion, to 1,089 against, thus making a majority in its favor of 866. SLAVEEY. In the heated and at times violent discussions growing out of the troublesome question of African slavery, Beaver county took a promi- nent part. Though at first the sentiment in favor of abolition was weak and in much disfavor,* the most opp robrious epithets being hurled at fonnJ'inl^'^nnfi'J^t"^ '^^ '".tense feeling exhibited by the prominent Southerners, is the' MiiZ'fSnfnd'sS'fm?"" ''"^'^ ^^ '''"'''• ''"^'^^ ^-m Virginia, and the BEAVEE COUNTY. 24Y one who was suspected guilty of the heinous crime of being an " aboli- tionist," yet this did not deter men from avowing their opposition to slavery, and from declaring the practice to be a crime against humanity and against God. These opinions, at the beginning expressed only in private, soon acquired believers in sufficient number to warrant their public proclamation. Meetings throughout the county were held, in which the questions, bearing on slavery were discussed, sometimes with great hesitancy and moderation, at others with frankness and decision. A gathering of the latter class was held on the 2ath of January, 1836, at the academy, in Darlington, according to an announcement made previously in the county papers, of which meeting Colonel James Sprott was chosen chairman, and Dr. Joseph Frazier secretary. A committee on resolutions was appointed, which reported the following: Besolved, 1. That the right of free discussion is the birthright of men — guaran- teed to every American citizen by the constitution of his country — consequently', it can- not be taken from him, or abridged by any power whatsoever. 2. That as the United States mail and postoffice were established for the good of the whole nation, therefore the abolitionists have the same right as any other body of men to the use of it. Let them be dealt with according to law, but let the right remain sacred. 3. That we view with alarm the impunity with which officers high in trust have violated the law of our country, in wresting from innocent citizens rights which are secured to them by government — thus undermining the security and confidence of the people in our republican institutions. 4. That every man who joins a mob is a traitor to his country, and by so doing lends his influence to the introduction of anarchy and the demolition of our federal con- stitution. 5. That slaveholders are agitators, and iAeir doctrines incendiary, producing mobs, lawless violence, destruction of property by fire, judgment and death without trial by jury, and alarm by offering rewards for the abduction of American citizens who have broken no law and are convicted of no crime. 6. That charges made against abolitionists by the President of the United States and governors of different states are entirely unsupported by evidence, consequently we look upon the abolitionists as an innocent, injured and persecuted class of citizens, and feel called upon to aid in maintaining their rights, and vindicating their character before the nation and the world. 7. That as liberty and slavery cannot exist in the same country, without the de- struction of the one or the other, we therefore feel called upon as friends of liberty to give our united- testimony in her favor, and also to embody our influence against oppres- sion by forming an Anti-Slavery Society. He had been appointed administrator of the Chew estate, a few months before the war, and, in company with Edward Hoopes, Esq., of New Brighton, was driving out along the slippery rock, when they became belated and were forced to seek quarters for the night in the nearest farmhouse. Their kndlord, James Stewart, was an ardent abo- litionist, and his house was a station of the IJ. G. R. R. Colonel Mason did not become aware of this until he had departed in the morning, and when informed of the fact remarked to his companion: " If I had known that it was an abolition den, I would not have been caught there." BEAVEK COUNTY. 251 arrest had been preaching to a congregation of coiored Methodists, in the vicinity of Beaver. He had a wife and two children, and was just on the point of occupying a new house which he had recently erected on a lot purchased for the purpose, when he was arrested March 14, I80I, under the authority of a warrant issued by J. B. Sweitzer, com- missioner of the Western District of Pennsylvania, dated Pittsburgh, March 11, 1851, and addressed to Benjamin S. Rust, agent for his owner. His wife had been in the habit of sending him to one of the hotels, near the steamboat landing, for linen which she laundried. Under the pretense that the boarders there had washing for her to do, Gardner was decoyed to the place, and suddenly seized by the agent, who, with the assistance of one or two Tesidents of Beaver, manacled and carried him into a small boat, which was rowed out upon the river and anchored until the arrival of the steamer " Nelson." He was then placed aboard it, taken to Pittsburgh, given a trial before Judge Thomas Irwin, who ordered him to be surrendered to his mistress, and at last returned to captivity. A fund was at once raised by the people of Beaver and vicinity to buy Gardner's freedom. Over $600 was required to secure his release, and he returned to Beaver on the 9th of April, 1851.* Another phase of the slavery question was shown in a meeting of citizens of the county, held at the M. E. church, Beaver, Ifovember 30, 1837, of which assembly Enoch Marvin was chosen chairman, and L. B. "Williams secretary. The purpose was the organization of the Bea- ver county colonization society, whose aim was to be, as set forth in its preliminary announcement, " to aid the Pennsylvania Colonization Society in its benevolent attempt to benefit the colored race, and espe- cially to aid in diffusing its publications, and obtaining for it pecuniary aid." A constitution was adopted, and the following officers, were elected for the ensuing year : James Allison, president; Enoch Marvin, Esq., Eev. A. O. Patterson and Hon. J. Nesbit, vice-presidents; L. B. Williams, secretary; WiUiam Allison, treasurer ; Eev. Z. H. Costin, S. Todd, David Minis, B. B. Chamberlin, J. E. Shannon, A. Logan, T. M. Johnston, H. Stow and Eev. J. Munroe, managers. ANTI-MASONIC FUEOE. It is curious to a reader of present political discussions to reflect * About the year 1876, after an extended tour in Ohio preaching and conducting religious exercises, Gardner decided to return to Rochester. He concluded to steal a ride over the P. F. W. & 0. R. R., which he did by sitting on the .trucks under the car, but when he reached the station he was so badly crushed that even his physician, Dr. Levis, could do nothing for him, and he soon died. 262 HISTOKY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. how easily the sentiment of pubhc indignation was aroused in former days. An example is found in the movement against the Masonic order incited by the alleged abduction and murder of WiUiam Morgan, com- mitted, it was supposed, by its members. In this movement Beaver county for a time participated. A meeting of citizens of Hanover and Greene townships, opposed, to Free Masonry, wa^ held at the house of Thomas McGuire, in Hanover township, August 15, 1829. John Lee- per was appointed chairman and John Harshe, secretary. A committee consisting of Eev. George Scott, Hugh Miller, William Harshe, WiUiam E. Hammond and Major James Harper, appointed to draft resolutions, reported as follows: Besolved, That we view with disgust and indignation any attempt to violate or invade in any manner, however plausible it may be pretented, our civil or religious liberties, which, we consider, Is completely done in a most dangerous and hidden way by Masonic institutions, if we can put credit in the accounts given it by men of first-rate character In our country who formerly have passed as full members through the principal degrees ol Free Masonry and have seceded therefrom; and we fully approve of the proceedings of the Anti-Masonic convention which met in Harrisburg in June last. Besolved, That we lament the abduction and assassination of Capt. Wm. Morgan by lawless banditti of Free Masons, and that the conduct of Free Masons in regard to Morgan's case, as well as the attestations of seceding Free Masons, fully prove the truth of Morgan's publications; therefore, * Mesohed, That we will not vote for a Free Mason, knowing him to be such, for any civil office, unless he renounces membership. Resolved, That we recommend to the citizens of the different townships in the county to meet in their several townships and express their sentiments on this subject and correspond with us. Besolved, That Matthew Nelson, William Harshe and Major Harper be a standing committee to correspond with other townships in the county on this subject. Besolved, That if there should be an Anti-Masonic press set up in Beaver, we will give it all the encouragemsnf in our power. RELIEF FOE lEELAND. The great famine in Ireland, in 184:7, caused generous hearts and liberal hands to respond in aU parts of our country to the cry for aid that arose in that suffering land. In this response Beaver county was not last. A public meeting was held February 28, the same year, in the courthouse, with John E. Shannon as chairman, and Benjamin "Wilde, H. Small, Edward Hoopes and Joshua Logan, secretaries. A committee, consisting of Hon. John Dickey, Dr. E. B. Barker, John Collins, Edward Hoopes, William Henry, John Irons and John Mulvannon, was appointed to draft resolutions expressive of the sense of the meeting. Their report revealed, briefly, the suffering condition of the Irish people in their native land, and appealed in eloquent terms to all classes of BEAVBB COUNTY. - 253 citizens to contribute liberall}' for their relief. A central committee to supervise the contributions from Beaver county was appointed, consist- ing of Hon. Thomas Henry, Benjamin Wilde, Hon. John Dickey, Dr. R. B. Barker and Edward Hoopes. This met at Beaver on the 24th, and appointed Hon. Thomas Henry chairman, and Benjamin "Wilde secretary. The following named gentlemen were appointed sub-committees for the several election districts in the county, for the purpose of receiving subscriptions of breadstuff s and money — to be forwarded under the direction of the central committee, to an eastern port, for shipment to Ireland: Borough — David Minis, Hugh Anderson, Joseph French, Patrick Mulvannon, J. E. Blaine, "William Davidson. Brighton Township — James D. Eakin, Eichey Eakin, "Wm. Edgar, James Potter, Jas. Jackson, Jr , Henry Small. Ohio — George Dawson, James Harper, Benoni Dawson, Benjamin Todd, Jr., Thos. Hunter, John Henderson. South Beaver — James Badders, Esq., Major John McMillen, James Cook, Jos. Lawrence, Andrew McCloy, "Wm. Barclay. Darlington — M. Elder, Samuel Dunlap, "Wm. Eakin, Thomas McKinley, Col. "Eobert McMinn, H. "Veon. Little Beaver — James T. Eobinson, "William Adair, Archibald Eeed, Thomas Dungan, Esq., George McKean, "Wm. Taylor. N^orth Beaver — John Clarke, Capt. "William Chambers, Dr. E. McClelland, Maj. E. "Wright, John Ferguson, Esq., David Forbes, Col. Jas. Miller, Jacob Bear. Big Beaver — Eobert "Wallace, Andrew Calhoun, Hugh McCready, Samuel Jackson, Esq., John Davidson, P. M., "Wm. H. Powers. Chippewa — Eobert Douthitt, John "White, Jr., Joseph Niblqck, John Duff, "Wm. Scott, Wm. Bredin. Patterson — Hon. John Carothers, James Patterson, and Archibald Eobertson, Esqs. Fallston — James Carothers, James Duncan, Hugh McCollough, Esq., Samuel Edgar. Rochester — Joseph Irwin, Esq., J. H. Whistler, Lewis Eeno, David Eamsey. New Brighton and District — John C. Eainbow, Wm. Wilde, Gawin Dunlap, Dr. Wm. H. Chamberlin, James Wallace, B. E. Bradford. North Sewichley — ^oXoToon Bennett, Esq., David Kennedy, D. Main, Esq., Culbeitson Clow, James Jackson, James Wilson. 254 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. Tf«2/«,e— Alexander Akin, Robert Mehard, Wra. Gaston, Capt. John Motheral, Capt. Wm. Wilson, Benjamin Cunningham. Shenango — Bv. Joseph Pollock, Charles McKee, John C. Ault, Esq., James Cubbison, A. N"ewell, James Warnook, Esq. Slifperyrock — James Henry, John Armstrong, Esq., James Frew, Major Jacob Houk, David Eamsey, Thomas Alford. Perry — Wm. Morton, Esq., Wm. Morrison, Esq., Eobert Wbite, Mark E. Clark, William Price, Alexander Fombell. Marion — Eobert Greer, Esq., Thos. Wilson, Jr., Thomas Moffat, Joseph Philhs, Wm. Mecklem, Thomas B. Elliott. New SewicUey — David Shanor, Esq., Eobert Boggs, Eobert Mc- Cauley, Peter White, James Boren, John Feazel. Econmny Township — Wm. Dunlap, Esq., Wm. Minis, Jr., David White, John Minis, Samuel Downey, John Nealy, Esq. Economy Borough — E. L. Baker, John Shreiber, Jacob Henrici. Freedom Borough and District — Martin Fisher, Esq., Thomas G. Kerr, Esq., John Graham, James McConnell, Joseph Smith, Philip G. Yicary. Phillipsburg — Francis Le Goullon,'Dr. Acker, 0. P, Shiras, Jacob Wagner, F. Speyerer. Moon — Wm. Elliott, Esq., Isaac Campbell, John Douds, Eobert Nevin, Major Thomas W. Ayres, Eobert Alcorn. Hopewell — Henry Eeed, Major Eobert Scott, Eobert Eichey, James McCallister, Jas. Irons, Alexander Thompson, Jr., Daniel Christy, Esq., John Holmes, Esq. Frankfort — James Cameron, Joseph Miller, Esq., James Morrison, James Sterling, John Eoberts, W. E. Foster, Wm. Carothers, Esq. McGuir&s ^^axsmel Patton, Esq., Maj. James Harper, Samuel Bigger, David Littell, Israel Beabont, James McKinley. Greene — David Eamsey, Esq., Eobert McFerran, Esq., Col. James Bryan, Jas. Mackall, Samuel Eeed, Joseph McCready, Samuel McLaughlin, John Sterling. Raccoon— ^m. Littell, Eobert Moffit, John Potter, Eobert Potts, Col. A. McCoy. Hiram Stow, Esq., was then appointed treasurer of the funds. A ministerial address to the people of the county was published by Eeverends B. C. Critchlow, Jacob Morris, Isaac M. Cook and D. L. Dempsey. Contributions, however small, were sought from all classes, and an urgent appeal made for immediate action. The response was a liberal one. There were shipped from the county 4,366i bushels of corn, BEAVEE COUNTY. 255 145 barrels of flour, 10 barrels of wheat, 18| bushels of wheat, 1 barrel of barley; in addition to which 140 barrels of kiln-dried corn meal were purchased and shipped from Pittsburgh. LOUIS KOSSUTH. The sympathy which Beaver county, in common with the whole country, felt toward the distinguished Hungarian patriot, Louis Kos- suth, in his heroic efforts to secure freedom for his native land, was manifested on the occasion of the latter's visit to this country in 1852. A meeting for the purpose of appointing delegates to greef him upon his arrival at Pittsburgh, and to convey to him, both in words and in the more substantial testimonial of pecuniary assistance, assurance of the deep interest the county felt in his behalf, and encouragement and aid to further efforts toward his country's freedom, was held at the court- house in Beaver, Friday evening, January 9, 1852, with Joshua Lbgan in the chair, Ovid Pinney, David Eamsey, C. F. Speyerer, and Dr. T. J. Chandler, vice-presidents, and Joseph H. "Wilson and William Den- linger, secretaries. Vigorous resolutions, condemning the faction of Austria in endeavoring to crush Hungary, and proffering the latter country sympathy and aid on the principles of national justice and inde- pendence, were unanimously passed, and a committee, consisting of Ovid Pinney, Benjamin Wilde, Joseph H. Wilson, William L. Dickinson, Dr. T. J. Chandler, J. J. Anderson, D. P. Work, Mattison Darragh and Charles Fiathowski was appointed to secure funds to assist Hungary's noble struggle for civil and religious liberty. A delegation, comprising 121 of the most distinguished citizens of the county, proceeded to Pittsburgh and conveyed the resolutions above mentioned to Kossuth; also through Mr. G. C. Speyerer, treasurer of the Beaver county Kossuth fund, presented to him the county's con- tribution, which amounted to $200, receiving in reply a very neat and appropriate expression of thanks. EELIGIOUS SOCIETIES. The Beaver County Bible Society was organized January 6, 1840, by a meeting held in the M. E. church in Beaver, of which Rev. A. O. Patterson was chairman, and Rev. A. Williams secretary. A constitu- tion was adopted which announces the object' of the society to be the distribution of the sacred Scriptures without note or comment in the county. The election for first officers resulted as follows: President, Hon. Tjiomas Henry; vice-presidents. Judge Benjainin Adams, Robert Darragh and Samuel Todd; recording secretary, John B. Foster; cor- 256 HISTORY OF BBAVEE COUNTY. responding secretary, Key. A. Williams; treasurer, James Allison, Jr. The treasurer's first annual report, made in January, 184:1, showed the receipts of the society to be $84.36, and the expenditures,^$43.86; thus leaving a balance of $40.50. At the same date, the following officers were chosen for the year 1841 : President, Eev. J. Monroe; recording secretary', J. B. Foster; corresponding secretary, Joshua Logan; treas- urer, Samuel Todd. The next officers recorded are those of 1845, who were — president, Rev. E. Hopkins; vice-presidents, Hon. Thomas Henry, Rev. William Stewart and Rev. A. Bowers; secretary, Joshua Logan; treasurer, Andrew Stewart. ISTo further notice is found of this society. Its successor, bearing the same name, was organized at the United Presbyterian church in Beaver, Monday evening, April 2, 1866. The first officers consisted of — president. Rev. James M. Smith; vice-presi- dent, Joseph C. Wilson, Esq.; secretary, John R. Slentz ; treasurer, Robert Lnbrie; executive committee consisting of two members from each church, — Presbyterian, Rev. D. P.Lowary and Hon. Henry Hice; United Presbyterian, Joseph Anderson and John R. Slentz; Methodist, Rev. R. T. Taylor and Rev. James S. Bracken; Episcopal, Rev. J. T. Prothren and Thomas Franklin; Baptist, James Porter and John Wea- ver; Protestant Methodist, Rev. William Reeves and George Alex- ander ; Reformed Presbyterian, Samuel Gibson and Isaac Shane ; Lutheran. Rev. Henry Reck. A constitution, embracing thirteen sections, was adopted. The Beaver County Sunday-school Association was organized at Beaver May 2, 1867. Mr. J. E. Gilbert, of Buffalo, N. Y., editor of the Sunday-school Standard, was present and delivered an address on the history of the Sunday-school movement. A constitution was adopted, and a permanent organization, with the following officers, was effected: President, John F. Dravo; recording secretary, George M. F. Fields; corresponding secretary. Rev. D. P. Lowary; treasurer, Walter Dunlap. The successor of this association was organized in New Brighton, in 1874, by representatives from thirteen Sunday-schools, embracing the minister, superintendent and one delegate from each school, with a purpose of mutual instruction, exchange of views, and discussion of new and successful features in the work. The officers at present are I. F. Mansfield, president ; F. S. Reader and M. B. Sloan, secretaries; D. Singleton, treasurer. In the year closing April 30, 1887, there were enrolled in the society's books 84 schools, with over 200 delegates to the annual convention. The con- dition of the society is excellent, the work proceeding with harmony BEAVEE COUNTY. 257 and satisfaction. It is estimated that twenty-one per cent of tiie county population attend Sunday-scliool; and of tlie members of the schools represented in the assi)ciation, over 300 united with the church dm-ing the last year. OHAPTEE X. THE INDUSTKIES (JF THE COUNTY. Mineral Eesotjkoes — Oil — Natueal Gas — Ageicultuee and Agei- cuLTUEAL Societies — Mandfactceikg. IT is a doctrine of political economy that there are three great sources of wealth : First: Those materials which are dug from the earth in the form of ores, rock, oils, gases, etc. Second: Those which grow from the the earth in the form of herbs, shrubs and trees. Third : Those which are made, by the -industry and ingenuity of man, from these two products. The mineral resources of the county have always been acknowl- edged to be good. To say nothing of the quarries of stone, coal in abundance and of the best quahty has been dug. The Cannelton coal mines, near Darlington, were opened in 1838, and have been in opera- tion continuously ever since. The shipments for the past twenty-two years have averaged 15,000 tons per annum, finding a market with the gas companies along the northern lakes and New York state. The basis is local and averages nine feet in thickness. The slate under the coal is noted for its well preserved fossil animals and plants. Hon. I. F. Mansfield, miner of cannel and bituminous coals, has discovered and described in the Pennsylvania Geological reports over 400 distinct species. Superior quality of oil has been found in various parts of the county. In 1806, Thomas Ashe, an English gentleman, traveled extensively in the United States "with the sole view of examining this interesting country." He descended the Ohio, stopping at various points in Beaver county. At Georgetown he made a series of experiments, which he subsequently published at London in three volumes. He thus records his observations: "Georgetown is a small but flourishing place, just above the mouth of Mill creek. It is pleasantly situated on a very high bank. * * * 358 1 oLi>^ BEAYEE COUNTY. 261 " Nearly opposite Georgetown, and a few yards from the shore, a spring rises from the bottom of the river, which produces an oil nearly similar to Seneca oil. I conjecture that this must proceed from a long bed of mineral coal in the vicinity of the spring." lie took a gourd full of this water covered with oil, and submitted it to the best tests at his command, and decided that oil in vast quantities would some time be discovered. For a time the inhabitants immersed woolen blankets in the water, thus saturated with oil, and ringing them, secured from two to three gallons of oil per day, which was worth from one to two dollars per gallon. The prophecies of Ashe Avere fully verified. About the opening of the late war, borings for oil in the region of Smith's ferry and Glasgow revealed immense supplies of crude oil, such as Ashe attempted to analyze. The Beaver division of the great Pennsylvania oil field, embracing Smith's ferry, Ohiovilie and Slipperyrock, commenced producing in December, 1860, oil at a distance of 180 feet. The products for the various \'ears were as follows : 1861, 20,000 barrels; 1862,30,000; 1863, 20,000; 1864,15,000 1865, 20,000 ; 1866, 25,000 ; 1867, 20,000 ; 1868, 20,000 ; 1869, 20,000 1870, 20,000 ; 1871, 20,000 ; 1872, 25,000 ; 1873, 30,000 ; 1874, 30,000 1875, 35,000 ; 1876, 35,000 ; 1877, 62,000 ; 1878, 92,000 ; 1879, 82,000 1880, 103,000; 1881, 100,000; 1882, 80,000— total, 904,000 barrels. The products of the years subsequent to ] 882, as well as the prod- ucts of other fields like those of Economy, Shannopin, etc , we are unable to give. They would have been, doubtless, very satisfactory, showing that this source of wealth exists in abundance in the county. The discovery, within the last few years, of natural gas in various parts of the county, Baden, New Sheffield, Woodlawn, etc., has greatly increased the means of furnishing cheap heating and illumination for domestic and manufacturing purposes. In the procuring of this gas, as well as in its manifold applications to economic purposes, extensive outlays of labor and capital have been employed, producing new thrift everywhere. Not onl^r is Beaver county given to mining, but to the less exciting but no less honorable pursuits of farming. Her toilers in the field have been an integral part of her population, disposed to keep pace with the steady march of events. Improvements in farming have characterized her people. Within the memory of some still living has the wooden mold-board given way to the left-handed Oliver chilled plow, or even the steam plow. The transition from the clumsy hand sickle that cut 15 262 HISTORY OF BBAVEE COUNTY. twenty-five dozen of wheat per day to that of the ordinary cradle which, skillfully handled, would cut one hundred dozen, was no greater than that from the cradle to the self-binding reaper that economizes both time and labor. From the nimble flail to the improved steam thresher is a change of great magnitude to be made in less than half a century. The fertilizing and underdraining of soil are comparatively modern practices, whose necessity is being appreciated more and more by the progressive farmer. Farm journals and other species of litera- ture adapted especially to the needs of this worthy class of citizens are taking their rightful place among the agencies that will enrich and beautify I'ural homes. As showing the line of progress in agricultural knowledge, a few miscellaneous facts may be stated: John Martin, of South Beaver township, announce(3 through the papers in 1831 that he had purchased the right to sell Joel Duey's patent threshing-machine. He sold town- ship and individual rights, and appended a certificate by prominent citi- zens to the effect that they had seen the machine in operation and that it had threshed twenty-six dozen of damp wheat in less than an hour, throwing the grain out of the straw. It is claimed by A. B. Wolf, aged seventy-three years, that the first reaping machine in the county was employed on the farm of his father, John Wolf, in 1850. It was known as the Hussey reaper. It \vas, at the time, regarded with much curiosity and no small amount of suspi- cion, being considered an innovation on the current method of cutting grain. Bohemian oats swindling is, byname, a modern practice; and yet the principle has been in existence since the first settlement of the country. People, even the honest yeomanry of the land, are often swindled. For a time they are bitter in their denunciation of all schemes that look toward the improvement of their lands, or imple- ments or products. While frauds are sometimes perpetrated at the expense of the unsuspecting, stock dealers, fruit-tree agents, booksellers, etc., have all been important factors in the general improvement of society. They have been benefactors whose memory should be held in grateful regard. The cure for the ills to which farmers will ever be subject is to be found in intelligence. The county paper, the farm jour- nal, scientific books, literary and other associations will serve as pro- tection. The people often perish for lack of knowledge. In 1836, the Morus muUioaulis, a species of Chinese mulberry, was introduced into Beaver county. Silkworms and silk of the finest BEAVEE COUNTY. 263 quality were to be raised. A " boom " in real estate began. An excite- ment akin to that produced by modern coal oil or stock speculation seized the people. Land was sold at fabulous prices, laid out in lots, and the plant was extensively set. The result was a failure to realize what was expected. Lots bought at enormous prices were sold by the sheriff at a mere nominal sum. The wealth of Croesus which some fondly hoped to possess was never realized, but was supplanted by poverty and mortification instead. Combined with the financial crash of 1837, the Morns multicaulis scheme produced pressing times to 1841. The sheriff monopolized the public press with notices of forced sales. David Somers coined money in this manner. WiUiam Henry, in the Argus of February 3, ISil, said : " Our columns are monopolized to a great extent by the sheriff, with his scdes and lieiis, to the exclusion of almost everything in the way of news. It affords us no pleasure to have our columns thus filled, exhibiting as it does the pressure that yet prevails among the people, and which must continue, to some ex|ent, until the heavy debt hanging over us is liquidated." Sheriff sales are usually accepted by editors and officials as fat things; but an honest editor could not rejoice over the misfortunes of the masses. AGBICOLTUEAL SOCIETIES. The organization of the Beaver County Agricultural Society was due to a general agitation of the subject, carried on in the county papers for a period of nearly ten years before decisive action was taken. The first meeting called for the purpose of discussing the mat- ter was foreshadowed in the Argus dated February 28, 1844, in which the following announcement appeared : Agricultubal Meeting. The farmers of Beaver county are requested to meet at the courthouse, in Beaver, on Monday evening, 4th day of March next (court week) for the purpose of forming an agricultural society for Beaver county. Faemeb. Whether the meeting was well attended, or what action was taken, does not appear, as the files of the paper do not contain the next issue. The subject was not dropped, however, as the following from the Argus, dated May 22, 1844, will prove : A. meeting of the Beaver County Agricultural Society will be held at the court- house, in Beaver, on Monday evening, the 3d day of June next, at which time a consti- tution will be submitted, and an election for officers held. The township committees appointed for obtaining subscribers will be expected to report May 20. 264 HISTORY OF BEAVER COUNTY. In the same issue of the paper appears the following : The adjourned meeting at the courthouse was organized by the appointment of the following officers : Chairman, Wiluam Morton, Esq. i Thomas Dongan. Thomas Caiens, James Stkkling, Thomas JSTicholson. „ 4. ■ ( Robert MoFbrpen. Secretaries, -j j^^^^^ rj. ^obkhiso^. Treasurer, Datid Minis. The constitution submitted by the committee, of which Col. Adam Bausman was chairman, was adopted. It consisted of nine articles, defining the duties of officers and rights of members. Meeting adjourned to meet in November next. No further notice of the above meeting ever appeared. However, in 1845, the following announcement was made in the county papers : Agriculturai, Meeting. In accordance with a public notice given in the newspapers, a meeting of the Bea- ver County Agricultural Society was held at the courthouse in Beaver, on Tuesday evening, March 18, for the purpose of electing officers for the society, pro tern., until the annual meeting on the first Wednesday in November next. The meeting was organized by appointing William Morton president, and Adam Bausman secretary. On motion of D. Minis, the society proceeded to the election of officers, whereupon John Wolf was unanimously elected president; A. Bausman, recording secretary ; Rob- ert McFerren, Esq,, corresponding secretary; David Minis, treasuier. The following gentlemen were duly elected vice-presidents of the society, and together with the above named officers will compose the executive committee : Hugh Anderson, Borough township; Jamas Sterling, James Harper, Hanover; Ovid Pinney, Joseph Irwin, Rochester; John Sutherland, Brighton; Hon. John Nes- bit, John Clarke, North Beaver; James T. Robinson, Samuel Jackson, Little Beaver; William Morton, Joseph Morton, Perry; Jon. L. Leet, Evan Townsend, Culbertson Clow, North Sewickley; Thomas Cairns, Shenango; Thos. Thorniley, Fallston; A. W. Townsend, New Brighton; R. L. Baker, .tohn Neely, Esq., Economy; Philip Vicary, David Shaner, Henry Wolf and B. R. Bradford, New Sewickley; David Scott, Jr., Hopewell; D. Minesinger, Greene; Hon. John Carothers, Patterson; William Elliott, Esq., Moon; Samp. Kerr, Raccoon; George Dawson, James Scott, Thomas Moore, Samuel Duncan, Ohio; John McMillen, Matthew Elder, South Beaver; Azariah Inman, Joseph Niblock, Chippewa; Thomas Alford, Slipperyrock ; Robert Wallace, John Imbrie, Big Beaver; Joseph Phlllis, Marion; Benj. Cunningham, Wayne. On motion, Eesolwd, That the proceedings of this meeting be published in the news.' papers of the county. William Morion, President. A. Bausman, Secretary. Although the publication of the above notice would seem to indi- cate considerable vitality on the part of this society, yet its duration was short. Just what was accomplished by this organization beyond BEAVER COUNTY 265 the stimulus it gave to the efforts of its members toward a permanent agricultural society, is not known. Its direct results never manifested themselves; and no further record of its existence has been found. But it is evident that public sentiment was aroused, and that the citi- zens of the county were fully aware of the benefits to be derived from such co-operation. Notices appeared q^uite frequently in the papers that serve to demonstrate the truth of this statement. In the Argtis of February 20, 1850, is a communication signed " Flamen Pomonalis," urging in very strong terms the formation of an Agricultural, Horticultural and Pomological Society. On December 29, 1852, Mr. Michael Weyand, present editor of the Beaver Times, came out in the Argus with an editorial in which the subject was again revived in very emphatic language, and in the same issue of the paper appeared a call from an unknown correspond- ent for a meeting to organize such a societJ^ All these many expressions of public interest were not in vain; their fruit was about to be gathered. A meeting was held at the courthouse Wednesday evening, January 26, 1853, which was to effect the final organization of the long-wished-for society. Of this meeting Judge Joseph Irwin was chairman, Thomas McKee and Thomas McKinley were vice presidents, and the secretary was William Henry. At a previous meeting a committee on constitution had been appointed. Their report, which Avas now adopted without amendment, embraced eleven articles in the constitution and nine in the by-laws. It pro- vided that the name should be Beaver Co%i,niy Agrioulturai Society, and designated that the purpose of this organization should be " to encourage and foster among the population of Beaver county the spirit of improvement in agriculture, horticulture and the mechanic arts." The first exhibition held by the new society occurred September 20 and 21, 1853, under the management of Hugh Anderson, president and superintendent, and Wilham K. Boden, secretary. Annual exhibitions were held every year thereafter, excepting in 1862, when, owing to the excitenient of the war and the financial depression of the country, it was deemed best to have none. A charter was granted to this society by the court, on motion of James G. Bliss, Esq., September 8, 1856. Following is a list of the officers, past and present, of the organiza- tion, as complete as could be obtained : 1862, President, J. C. Wilson ; recording secretary, A. G. McCreary ; treasurer, William K. Boden. 266 HISTOEY OF BEAVER COUNTY. 1863, President, Andrew Carothers; recording secretary, A. G. McCreary ; treasurer, William K. Boden. 1864, President, Eobert Nelson ; recording secretary, J. B. Young treasurer, J. C. Wilson. 1865, President, E.obert H. Barclay; recording secretary, J. L. Anderson ; corresponding secretary, De Lorma Imbrie ; treasurer, J. C. Wilson. 1866, President, William Shrodes ; recording secretary, William S. Barclay ; corresponding secretary, De Lorma Imbrie ; treasurer, J. C. Wilson. 1867, President, Hugh Anderson ; recording secretary, J. K. Har- ragh ; corresponding secretary, Joseph Ledlie ; treasurer, J. C. Wilson. 1869, President, Hugh Anderson ; recording secretary, H, E. Moore ; corresponding secretary. Dr. D. McKinney ; treasurer, James Allison. 1870, President, James Darragh ; recording secretary, H. E. Moore; corresponding secretary, W. S. Barclay ; treasurer, I. IST. Atkins. 1871, President, James Darragh ; recording secretary, Thomas O. Anshutz ; corresponding secretary, W. S. Barclay ; treasurer, I. 1^. Atkins. 1872, President, James Darragh ; recording secretary, Thomas 0. Anshutz ; corresponding secretary, W. S. Barclay ; treasurer, I. N. Atkins. 1873, President, James Darragh; recording secretary, B. M. E wing ; corresponding secretary, James Cameron ; treasurer, E. H. Cooper. 1874, President, D. M. Donehoo; recording secretary, H. E. Moore; corresponding secretary, James Cameron; treasurer, E, H. Cooper. 1875, President, William H. Marshall; recording secretary, H. E. Moore; corresponding secretary, ; treasurer, R. H. Cooper. 1876, President, James Darragh ; recording secretary, W. J. David- son; corresponding secretary, ; treasurer, Milton Eeed. 1877, President, D. O. C: Patterson ; recording secretary, A. W. McCoy ; corresponding secretary, ; treasurer, Milton Eeed. 1878, President, Nicholas Todd, recording secretary, John Grae- bing, Jr.; corresponding secretary, ; treasurer, Jos. Ledlie. 1879, President, Dr. D. McKinney; recording secretary, John Graebing, Jr.; corresponding secretary, ; treasurer, Joseph Ledlie. 1880, President, James Darragh; recording secretary, John C. Hart ; corresponding secretary, J. W. Hankins ; treasurer, J. E. Eakin. 1881, President, W. H. Marshall ; recording secretary, Milton BEATEE COUNTY. 267 Eeed ; corresponding secretary, "William Patton ; treasurer, Edward J. Allison. 1882, President, P. McLaughlin ; recording secretary, Samuel Moody ; corresponding secretary, John W. Hankins ; treasurer, E. J. Allison. 1883, President, P. McLaughlin; recording secretary, Samuel Moody ; corresponding secretary, John W. Hankins ; treasurer, E. J. Allison. 1884:, President, Geo.E. Smith ; recording secretary, J. G.Mitchell; corresponding secretary, ; treasurer, Henry Martsolf. 1885, President, Geo. E. Smith ; recording secretary, J. G. Mitchell ; corresponding secretary, J. P. Edgar ; treasurer, J. H. Martsolf. 1886, President, George E. Smith ; recording secretary, Edward S. Weyand ; corresponding secretary, John P. Edgar ; treasurer, John A. Shillito. " 1887, President, George E. Smith ; recording secretary, Edward S. "Weyand ; corresponding secretary, John P. Edgar ; treasurer, John A. Shillito. MANUFACTURING. Beaver county has, by virtue of its location, been given largely to manufacturing pursuits. The excellent water power afforded by the Big Beaver and its tributaries early attracted the attention of men skilled in this important branch of human industry. Sawmills, flouring mills, cotton factories, woolen mills, distilleries, furniture establish- ments, bucket and tub factories, tanneries, gun shops, cutlery establish- ments, steel works, agricultural works, car shops, glass factories, pottery and tile works, etc., sprang up as if controlled by the magical power of Aladdin's lamp. "When to the natural power of water was added that of steam generated by coal or natural gas, the influence was almost incalculable. Shielded by the protective policy of a government which seeks not only the development of its own inherent resources, but the employment of its immense stock of brain and muscle, furnaces and workshops and factories pre-empted the eligible sites on hillside and in ravine, and began to supply the world with the most perfect products to be found anywhere. The sand, the clay, the crude iron ore, the rough lumber, the unpolished rock, went forth as the embodiment of trained muscle and skilled intellect to bless and make happy humanity throughout the world. It is not our purpose to speak of these establishments in detail here. They will be found described in connection with the several boroughs and townships in other portions of this work. CHAPTER XI. THE PEESS. The Aet Pkeseevativb — First Newspaper m America — The Argus — Beaver Republican — Beaver Rivee Gazette — Democratic Watchman — The Aurora — The Star — Globe and Star — Beaver Times — The Fallston and Brighton Gazette — Beaver Valley News — The Tribune. ONE of the rich legacies from the 15th century is the art of print- ing. True, the germ of the art existed in Egypt thirty centuries before, when its people engraved raised characters and symbols upon tiles and cylinders which were subsequently iinpressed upon soft clay tablets that were baked and hardened. By means of these hieroglyph- ics, the annals of one of the oldest and wisest peoples of antiquity'were imperfectly preserved from the destroying effects of the ruthless tyrant —Time. Who is to be accredited with the honor of inventing wooden types is not definitely settled; but John Gutenberg, of Mentz, is regarded as the first to cut type from metal. Shortly afterward he cut matrices in which movable types were cast. Though a man of some means, he soon became bankrupt by his numerous experiments, and was induced to associate with him a wealthy citizen named John Faust. Subse- quently, Peter Schaeflfer, a scribe, was taken into this primitive printing company. About 1455, the firm issued the famous " Mazarine Bible." Gutenberg died in 1467, penniless and unhonored; but posterity, richly rewarded, will yet do him honor. His labors were not in vain. This highly-useful and revolutionary art spread, and was introduced into the various cities of Europe, as follows : Paris, 1470; Florence, 1471; Antwerp, 1476; Geneva, 1478; Vienna, 1482; Stockholm, 1483; Copenhagen, 1493; Cracow, Munich' and Amsterdam, 1500; Edinburgh, 1507; and Dublin, 1551. In 1639 the first printing-press in the American colonies was set up in Cambridge, Mass. It was procured by subscription from Amster- 368 y^ o.4^ki-^^^^^.^^. ^-^^ BEAVER COUNTY. 271 dam, Eev. Jesse Glover acting as agent, and was donated to Harvard college with a.font of type of forty-nine pounds. The first impression from this pioneer press was the "Freeman's Oath." In 1663 was printed, on this press, the first edition of "Elliott's Indian Bible," which was set wholly by an Indian, and required three years to go through the press. This was the first Bible printed in America. The first newspaper in America, entitled "Public Occurrences, Both Forreign and Domestick," was issued in Boston, Thursday, Sep- tember 25, 1690, by Benjamin Harris, the printing being done by E. Pierce. A copy is still preserved in the colonial state paper office in London. It is printed on the first three sides of a folded sheet, two columns to a page, and each page about seven inches by eleven in size. In his announcement, the pubhsher said : " It is designed that the countrey shall be furnished once a moneth (or if any Glut of occur- rences happen oftener) with an Account of such considerable things as have arrived unto our Notion. " In order here unto, the Publisher will take what pains he can to obtain a Faithful Relation of all such things; and will particularly make himself beholden to such Persons in Boston whom he knows to have been for their own use the diligent observers of such matters. " That which is herein proposed is, First, -That Memorable Occur- rents of Divine Providence may not be neglected or forgotten, as they too often are. Secondly, That people everywhere may better under- stand the Circumstances of Publique Affairs, both abroad and at home; which may not only direct their thoughts at all times, but at some times also assist their Business and Negotiations. Thirdly, That some- thing may be done towards the Curing or at least the charming of that Spirit of Lying, which prevails among us, wherefore nothing shall be entered, but what we have reason to believe is true, repairing to the best fountains for our Information. And when there appears to be any material mistake in anything that is collected, it shall be corrected in the next." This pioneer paper, projected on so lofty a plane, was not destined to live. The legislative authorities, four days after its issue, spoke of it as a pamphlet issued contrary to law and containing "refiections of a very high nature." In their jealousy for the common weal they positively forbade "anything in print without license first obtained from those appointed by the government to grant the same." Thus the first attempt to establish a journal in America "died a bornin." Many subsequent attempts have met a similar fate. 272 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. The first religious newspaper in America is supposed to iiave been " The Herald of Gospel Liberty, " started by Elias Smith at Portsmouth, N. H., September 1, 1808. In 1886 the number of publications in the United States and territories was as follows: Daily, 1,260; Tri- Weekly, 46; Semi-Weeldy, 152; Weekly, 10,979; Bi- Weekly, 50; Semi-Monthly, 186; Monthly, 1,401; Bi-Monthly, 33; Quarterly, 93; Miscellaneous, 7; total in United States, 14,207; total in Canada, 701; Grand total in United States and Can- ada, 14,908. From these statistics, it will be seen that the mission of Benjamin Harris was not wholly in vain. Though his work was sihort-lived, the faithful historian has rescued his name from oblivion, and made it more enduring than though it had been engraven in bronze. In the following pages will be found a brief sketch of the various journalistic efforts in Beaver county. Though all did not live, yet their efforts were not lost. Newspapers, like leaves, have their time to fall; but not, it may be, until they have achieved their destiny. ' The first paper published in Beaver county was The M'ineriia. It began on the 13th of February, 1808, in the town of Beaver, under the editorial management of John Berry. The oldest number seen by the writer is marked Vol. I, JSTo. 29, dated Saturday, August 27, 1808. Joseph Israel also appears to have had some connection with the paper in its early days, probably in the capacity of publisher. How long the Minerva continued is not known. The borough records of Beayer for 1810 show that John Berry presented against the council a claim for publishing, three ordinances, three squares, |3.00; proposals for building a market house, one square, $1.00.— total, $4.00. This bill is dated 9th of January, 1810, and is endorsed: "Held under advisement." Whether Berry \tas at that date publishing the Minerva, or whether he had launched another paper on the stormy sea of journalism, is not revealed. One thing is certain; the tardiness of his debtors to pay a just claim for services rendered was not calculated to inspire him with briUiant prospects of becoming suddenly wealthy. Were it not that printers are unlike other mortals in that they can subsist on fame, and good wishes, and frequent criti- cisms, and complimentaries, with possibly a rare specimen turnip or cabbage head presented as a foundation for a puff, funerals would have been more frequent. As a rule, however, they have little need of money. They can publish a paper of general interest and benefit for the notoriety they secure; and hence the frequent appeals they m^ke BKAVEK COUNTY. 273 for subscribers to bring in wood, or potatoes, or onions, or oleomarga- rine instead of butter, which can always be sold for cash, are not intended to be taken in earnest. They are just squibs to fill up space. From the fact that the paper was the same in size, type and gen- eral make-up as the Cr/'ds or Beaver Gazette, it would seem more than probable that it continued till that paper was started, and hence is the legitimate predecessor of the Argus- If this be true, the Argus can date its birth in 1808, and is thus the fourth oldest paper west of the Allegheny mountains, its only seniors being the Commercial Gazette of Pittsburgh and the papers in Greensburg. In September, 1811, Joseph W. White ventured to start the Western Cabinet. Whether his constitutional advisers Avere incompetent or unwilling to succor this new plant until its existence was fully assured is not announced in anything that has survived the lapse of time. After a brief existence the Cabinet was dissolved and its spirit peace- fully departed to the " sweet by and by." The acme of journalistic enterprise was reached when in May, 1 813, the stormy period of the second war with. Great Britain, James Logan projected the Crisis, and his brother, Andrew Logan, the Beaver Ga- zette. These fraternal rivals continued their Kilkenny oat fight for a month, when (June, 1813,) their interests were consolidated under the firm of A. & J. Logan, and called the CV-ms and Beaver Gazette. With varying fortunes this consolidation continued till September, 1818. A few numbers of the paper of this period are still in existence. Curtis & Bliss have in the Argus office a copy called The Crisis or Beaver Gazette, Yol. II, No. 65, dated Beaver, Saturday, September 5, 1814. From this it appears that the consolidated sheet began June 12, 1813. It was four-column folio, 10^ by 16 inches ; price $2 per year. On the 1st of September, 1818, the Western Argiis, the legitimate successor of the Crisis and Gazette, was begun by James Logan. In the issue of that date he says : "As we have been disappointed in get- ting our press in operation, and the public manifesting a great desire for the commencement of the publication of our paper, we have not been able as yet to issue proposals for a subscription to the Argus ; we have, therefore, sent on the first number to the patrons of the Beaver Gazette, and if any feel a disposition to withdraw their patronage they can signify the same by a line sent to the editor ; otherwise we expect they will consider themselves subscribers." In 1824 the Argus passed from the ownership of James Logan to that of Thomas Henry, who had just closed his work as sheriff of the 274: HISTORY OF BEAVEK COUNTY. county. He was one of Beaver's " men of mark," having occupied the position of borough councilman, treasurer, assessor and constable, county sheriff, prothonotary, associate judge and treasurer, and representative in both the state and national legislatures. During the ownership of the Argus by Thomas Henry, his son William was a workman and assistant. On the 21st of January, 1831, the paper was transferred in both its business and editorial management to William. In retiring Thomas said: "In making this change it is confidently anticipated the public will sustain no loss. Although he (William) is quite a youth, he possesses such a firmness and sobriety of character, combined with close application to business, as Avill, it is believed, be a sure guarantee to his supporters that he will issue a sober and respectable paper." Judge Henry was right. William Henry did publish a good journal. He was a vigorous writer who dared to express his convictions fear- lessly on every public question. Every problem having a moral side to it found in him an earnest and conscientious student. During the period of his connection with the paper it gave forth no uncertain sound on any public issue. A worth j^ successor, Michael Weyand, pronounces him, all things considered, the ablest newspaper man in Western Penn- sylvania during his times. In the Argus of April 9, 1833, occurs the following notice : " Mar- ried — On Thursday evening, 18th of April, 1833, by Rev. W. Maclean, William Henrj'', editor of the Argus, to Miss Eliza S. Hamilton, of Sharon, Beaver county." Appended to this statement is the following : " In the absence of the editor, who is enjoying similar luxuries, the printer's devil takes it upon himself to acknowledge, with the above marriage notice, the receipt of a splendid slice of wedding cake, for which he returns his thanks, and hopes that the parties maj', through life, fully enjoy the new world upon which they have entered." In commencing Vol. XV., January 16, 1839, Mr. Henry said : "It has been our aim to endeavor to strengthen and maintain the moral and political character of the county ; to guard her interests and assert her rights at all times fearlessly and faithfully." Owing to the delin- quencies of many non-productive subscjibers, the editor confesses to have "suffered embarrassments and perplexities " which compelled him to continue, as he began eight years previous, " to act as editor, com- positor, pressman and devil." On the 2d of August, 1843, the paper was enlarged, and the name changed from Western Argus to that of Beaver Argus. The editor BEAVER COUNTY. 275 said : " "We have long been disposed to drop the 'Western ' part of our head and make it more local and appropriate to our position ; for it is a disputed question \vhether we are in the West or in the East, the armory commissioners placing us precisely on the dividing line of these geographical divisions. So far as the ])aper is known abroad, it is the Beaver Arcjus, and as we go Beaver first before all the West or all the world, all the 7i«n'(V« will doubtless agree that it is a more appropriate title." In the issue of June 26, 1850^ two changes are announced. 1. A. G. Henry, brother of William, is associated as a partner. 2. The price of the paper is reduced from $2 to $1.50 per year, payable in advance. This partnership continued till November 26, 1851, when Michael Weyand bought the interest of William Henr^^. The firm name became M. Weyand and A. G. Henry. In June, 1853, the name of the paper was again changed from Beaver Argus to Beaver County Argus. The next change in the management occurred June 28, 1854, when Jacob Weyand bought A. G. Henry's interest, and the paper continued under the business and editorial management of the two brothers, Michael and Jacob Weyand. The issue of June 28, 1854, contained the first allusion to the Know-Nothings, an organization which, for a time, created consternation in the ranks of both Democrats and Whigs. Of the efficient work done by these knights of the quill for the cause of human freedom and true government, the people of Beaver county know full well. Both wielded then, and do yet, caustic pens that dash off vigorous English whose meaning is always clear as crystal. On the 16th of December, 1857, Jacob sold to his brother Michael all interest in the Argus., and retired from the editorial ranks for a time. Michael continued to preside gracefully over the destinies of the paper till the dark days of secession and rebellion began to dawn, when (December, 1859,) he sold out to Samuel Davenport, by whom the paper was conducted till January 1, 1862, when T. C. Nicholson assumed edi- torial charge. In the issue of Wednesday, September 17, 1862 (the day of the Antietam battle), occurs the following paragraph : " The editor of the paper, T. C. Nicholson, enlisted in Captain Darragh's company of three years' men [he was given the position of fifth sergeant — K.], and is now with his regiment. The acting editors, Rutan and Anderson, both vol- unteered under the late call of the governor, and left for Harrisburg on Monday. We are, therefore, left without sufficient force to carry on the paper properly. We hope our readers will bear with us a short time 276 ' HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTV. till they return. We will ifry and do the best we can under the circum- stances — ' angels can do no more.' The country seems to require all able-lodied men, and the next call may leave the Argus without even ' The Devil.' " I In the issue of February 11, 1863, D. L. Imbrie announces the pur- chase by him of the interest of T. C. Mcholson, and assumption' of editorial control. By him it was managed till November 9, 1864, when J). W. Scott, Jr., assumed business and editorial management of th6 paper. In the issue of August 31, 1864, Mr. Imbrie makes this frank acknowledgment : "We are compelled to issue a half sheet this week. Mr. John Tallon, one of our hands, volunteered last week, and we are left without sufficient force to issue a full sheet." Failures based oij such loyalty are always pardonable. When Mr. Scott, a worthy young man, took the editorial chair,- he issued a salutatory so full of good sense that we give an extract : " There is a temptation for an editor to abuse thje power thathes in his pen. It is so easy to do brilliant tilting in the editorial lists by slashing away at both the offending and the offended. Abuse is the easiest, as courtesy is the most difficult kind of writing to make readable ; and, as it is a relief for the smooth-faced gambler to vent, before he sleeps, his pent up malice on his wife ; so a heart naturally ill-willed makes a bile-spigot of a pen — relieved when the venom is spit, no matter upon what. But there is so seldom good cause to be ill-natured in print that it would be safe always when reading ill-natured remarks to smell ' the rat ' of a bad heart near by." At the close of 1864 Mr. Scott sold his interest to M. S. Quay and J. S. Rutan, who, with the opening of 1865, became its proprietors and editors. On the 6th of April, 1865, Mr. Scott died of consumption in Hopewell township. He had been a student, for a time, of Beaver academy, and subsequently of Jefferson coUege, of which he was a graduate. His intention was to enter the Christian ministry, but fail- ing health induced him to enter the field of journalism, with the hope that it'would be conducive to his recovery. I^ot so, however. Messrs. Quay and Eutan advanced the subscription price from $1.50 to $2 per year, payable in advance. On the 18th of October, 1865, Mr. Eutan bought Mr. Quay's interest, and took Mr. J. L. Anderson as an associate, the firm name being J. S. Eutan & Co. This firm continued till July, 1866, when Jacob Weyand again became sole proprietor and editor of the paper. In November, 1868, Colonel M. S. Quay estab- lished the Radical, which became a spirited competitor with the time- BEAVEE COUNTY. 27Y honored Argus. With genuine pluck and enterprise Mr. "Weyand greatly enlarged his paper, and pushed its claims to patronage, increas- ing its circulation. In this capa,city he continued till the fall of 1873, when the Radical, under the management of James S. Eutan, by whom it had been purchased the previous year from Mr. Quay, was consoli- dated with the Argus under the name Argus and Radical. The consolidated paper Avas published uuder the firm name of The Beaver Printing Company, of which Mr. J. Weyand became the business man- ager, and James S. Eutan political editor. In December, 1879, Smith Curtis, who had been associated with Mr. Eutan as manager and editor of the Radical, bought Mr. Eutan's half interest in the Radical and Argus, and W. I. Eeed bought Mr. Weyand's interest, Curtis becoming political editor and Eeed business manager. September 1, 1885, W. F. Bliss and brother bought Mr. Eeed's interest, and the paper stiR continues under the management of Curtis & Bliss. The Eochester Daily Argus, a scion of the Weekly Argus, ventured to take its place on the turbulent \s'aters of journalism in the month of May, 1883. It has doubled its size in four years, and demonstrated its right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. Its destinies are guided by Curtis & Bliss, the proprietors of the old Argus, Howard Bliss being business manager, and Chas. E. Frank local recording angel. A few general observations relative to the Argus may not be improper. 1. Whde it has been Protean in form and chameleon in color, it has always maintained a vigorous and consistent advocacy of the prin- ples of government as understood by the party to which it belonged. 2. It has done more, perhaps, to mold public sentiment in Beaver county in the direction of protection to home industries, and of unswerving loyalty to the state and general government than any other agency in the county. It has been the text-book in politics and gen- eral economy for a wide and long-continued constituency. 3. It has numbered in its ranks as editors and contributors some of the brightest minds, not only of the county but of the state. 4. Its pages from the first to the present embrace, substantially, the history of the state and national government for three-quarters of a century. That the paper may, with its hundred eyes for seeing the good things of life rather than the evil, continue to behold the roots of things, in short, be a radical Argus, is the heartiest wish of its numerous friends. 2T8 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. The Beaver Repuhlican is the title of a five-column four-page sheet, published by Logan & English. The first number seen is Ko. 1, of Vol. ly, bearing date June 3, 1830. From this it would seem to have commenced in June, 1826. It was an advocate of the Jacksonian Democrac}^ In the issue of May 5, 1831, Vol. iv, No. 48, A. Logan is editor and proprietor. It floats the name of Andrew Jackson as the Democratic-Republican candidate for the presidency. The Beaver River Gazette, Vol. I, No. 5, bears date March 13, 1834. It started as a six-column four-page sheet, at two dollars per year, the pilots and proprietors being Dr. R. B. Barker and R. C. Flee- son. In their preliminary announcement they declare that their " course in politics shall be decidedly Democratic." , An attempt was made by the managers of the River Gazette to secure the Republican. Under date of March 13, 1834, they intimate this as follows : " On the 6th inst. Mr. Logan entered into a written contract with Barker and Fleeson for the sale of the Republican estab- lishment, which he had for some time previous been anxious to dispose of. * * * Why he withdrew from his contract we cannot guess, unless it be that some of his advisers thought the Republicmi would not suit them in other hands." What became of these two partners in the Kilkenny cat fight is not revealed in either copy seen. We soon find a new competitor for public favor, known as the Democratic Watchman. This is the title of a four-page, six-column paper, whose prospectus was dated April 25, 1835. It was published in Beaver, every Friday, by J. Beeson, at two dollars per year, payable half-yearly in advance. It was gotten up in neat order; the copy seen, No. 14, of Vol. I, dated September 18, 1835, supported Martin VanBuren, of New York, and Richard M. Johnson, of Kentucky, for president and vice-president, respectively. For governor, it advocated George Wolf. Its county ticket embraced Samuel Power and Milo Adams, for the assembly; Samuel Jackson for commissioner; James Jackson for auditor; and James Ray and Ehhu T. Pugh as trustees of Beaver academy. Like its predecessors and successors, the Watchman had to yield to the inevitable. Its departure reminds an unsympathetic world that newspapers, like persons, are remembered only for what they have done. About the same time with the Watckmcon, a new weekly, called the Aurora, was discovered to the gaze of the political world, by James Photo fajy-Aufrecht, BEAVEE COUNTY. 281 Logan & Co. The copy we have been permitted to see is jSTo. 22, of Vol. Ill, dated September 13, 1838. From this it will be seen to have broken through the cold darkness in the early part of (March) 1 835. It, too, espoused the cause of primitive and unadulterated democracy. Its flashes occurred from Beaver at the rate of two dollars per annuni, pay- able half-yearly in advance. The Star, or the Western Star, as it was then designated, was founded by Washington Bigler and William Denlinger in the autumn of 1843. It was started as a four-page, six-column sheet, neatly printed and ably edited. Mr. Bigler was the youngest of three brothers, the other two, William and John, having been elected on the same day as governors of Pennsylvania and California, respectively. The subscription price was $2.00 per annum in advance, or $2.50 if paid within the year. It was a strong advocate of the principles of the Democratic party. In the oldest copy seen by the writer, No. 31, Vol. I, dated July 17, 1844, occurs a poem from which a single stanza is extracted. It expresses the sentiments of the party during the exciting Polk-Clay campaign : OUR FLAG. Our flag is there, our flag is there; How swells our hearts to see it wave: It sweeps o'er freemen's mould'ring bones, But frowns upon the traitor's grave. That flag was raised in freedom's cause. When hearts and hands did well agree. We swear we will defend our laws. In spite of British Whiggery. Then let our flag, then let our flag. Upon the breeze triumphant play; We go for true Democracy — Let Whiggies worship Henry Clay. For the facts contained in the subsequent portion of this sketch of the Star, and the changes through which it passed, the writer is indebted to the courtesy of Dr. Robert S. Kennedy, late proprietor and editor, and to S. B. Wilson, Esq. Finally Mr. Bigler retired from the paper, leaving Mr. Denlinger m sole control. The latter continued the publication for a number of years, when he was succeeded by Dr. R. B. Barker and P. B. Conn, the latter now of the Steuben ville Herald. At this stage a conflict of authority arises. According to S. B. Wilson, Esq., the interest of Dr. Barker was secured by David P. Work. The next change was the sale of the paper to Samuel Gaither 16 282 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. and A. C. Conley. Gaither retiring, E. Gregor McGregor became an associate of Conley under the name of Conley and McGregor. Accord- ing to Dr. Kennedy's investigations, the Sta/r passed from the hands of Barker and Conn directly to John Irons, who was in time succeeded by R. Gregor McGregor. From McGregor, according to the same authority, it passed through the hands of Samuel Gaither to A. C. and N. C. Barclay, who published it for several years, and were succeeded by O. S. Long, now of Wheeling, "W. Va. After the lapse of a few years, Mr. Long retired and Mr. R. Gregor McGregor again assumed charge in connection with S. E. Alex- ander. These gentlemen discontinued the publication; and after a short interval a Democratic paper of the most radical type called The Local, and published by J. H. Odell, late of Omaha, Nebraska, was founded as a successor to the Star, and pushed with great vigor. Mr. Odell was of an aggressive disposition, and engendered much opposition from those whom he antagonized. He was indicted several times for crimi- nal libel and simdar offenses, and once, at least, served a short sentence in jail. Finally, Mr. Odell sold his paper to Thompson Burton, now of New York city, and H. W. Williams, who published it under the firm name of Burton and Williams. Later the publication was continued by Mr. Burton alone. Subsequently he sold to a Mr. Schwartz, by whom, after a brief period, it was permitted to enter a state of innocuous desuetude. John Bigler, now of Colorado, next revived the Star as a successor to the Local, and continued the same for a time, when it fell into the tender hands of E. B. Williams, who changed the title to that of The Conservative. After a time it fell into a state of suspended animation, from which, after the lapse of a considerable period, it was aroused by the tender administrations of E. L. Treiber and M. J. White. After a short time Mr. White withdrew, leaving the management of the paper in the hands of Mr. Treiber alone for several years. Under his super- vision it entered a second time into a comatose state. About the year 18Y6 John S. Hoopes,of New Brighton, began the publication of the Beaver County Post as a successor to the Democrat. After a few months, he transferred all right and title to the Post to J. M. Phillis and M. J. White, who conducted it for less than a year, and permitted it to depart in peace and seek a home among its numerous predecessors. On the first of October, 187Y, The Commoner was founded by E. S. Kennedy as a successor to the Post. Two years later the name was BEAVEB COUNTY. 283 again changed to The Star. Five years later (1.S.S4) Mr. Kennedy sold an interest in the paper to C. F. Whisler. For nearly 'a year the pub- lication was conducted by the firm of Kennedy and Whisler. At the end of this period, the paper was published for ten weeks by C. F. Whisler and L. W. Reed, after which Mr. Kennedy resumed sole control and published the Star alone until September, 1887, when he sold it to John A. Mellon, of Beaver Falls, who consolidated the Star with the Beaver Falls Globe, and now continues the publication in Beaver as The Olobe and Star. Thus the celestial and the terrestrial have been brought into close union; and the future historian will chronicle the results upon the destiny of Beaver county. The Globe and Star. — The Globe was started at Beaver Falls in August, 1875, as a weeldy paper, its outfit consisting of material col- lected from various sources. It soon acquired a large circulation, and built up a good job printing business. In September, 1887, its pro- prietor, Mr. Mellon, bought out the Star of Beaver, and the two papers were consolidated under the title of Globe and Star, becoming the Democratic paper of the county. The paper, published weekly at Beaver, is edited by G. W. Penn, formerly connected with similar work in both New Castle and Beaver Falls. The Beamer Times. — This paper, a thirty-six column, four-page sheet, began its career on the first of April, 1874, under the business and editorial management of Michael Weyand, the Nestor of the Beaver county press, and one of the oldest active Republican editors of Western Pennsylvania. It started, about the time of the consolidation of the Radical with the Argus, with its present size, at the subscription price of $2.00 per year. It is supplied with the equipments of a well-regulated office, and does the work of a general book and job office. [For fuller information concerning its editor, reference is made to the article on the Argus, and to the biographical sketch in another part of this volume.] The Fallston and Brighton Gazette, devoted to literature, morality, politics, news, agriculture, etc., was a four-page, six-column sheet, pub- hshed and edited by E. K. Chamberlin and N. P. Fetterman, at Fall- ston. The issue before us is No. 27, of Vol. I, bearing date February 10, 1836; price, two dollars per year. The Democratic tendency of the paper can be inferred from the fact that the names of Martin Yan- Buren and Richard M. Johnson were placed in a conspicuous place for the positions of president and vice-president. In the paper, James Patterson, P. M., advertises a list of uncalled- 284 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. for letters at Brighton, and Dr. E. K. Chamberlin does the same at Fallston. May 2T, 1837, the paper appears with the same name as above, excepting that "And Beaver Falls General Advertiser" is appended; and Dr. John Winter has mounted the editorial tripod. From the issue of the above date we gather a number of interesting facts per- taining to the county. The Beaver Valley News was established May 22, 1874, in New Brighton, by David Critchlow and Franlc S. Eeader, the first number of the weekly being issued on that day, with Mr. Critchlow as business manager, and Mr. Eeader, as editor. On the first of January, 1877, Mr. Critchlow sold his half-interest to the junior partner, who became sole proprietor of the paper. The weekly is a four-page, nine-column sheet. February 5, 1883, the daily edition was established, being a four-page, seven-column paper. The News is an independent Republican paper. What is now known as The Tribune originated under the name of the Beoflier County Enterprise during the year 1875, under the proprie- torship and editorship of John T. Porter. After a precarious existence of about one year the Enterprise was purchased by Roberts & Van- Horn,' who, like their predecessor, held the ownership but about one year and then sold to Colonel Jacob Weyand, a veteran ex-editor, who, after owning the paper for about six months, sold a one-half interest to John H. Telford, a practical printer from Pittsburgh. Messrs. Weyand & Telford continued in partnership for about one year, when the former sold out to Mr. Telford, who, since January 1, 1882, has suc- cessfully conducted the business, having more than doubled the mechan- ical facilities of the office, and is now pubHshing, in connection with the weekly Tribune, a vigorous and healthy daily. CHAPTER XII. MILITAKY. War of 1S12 — Roster of Troops — The Mexican "War — Texas Admit- ted AS A State — Declaration of War and the Raising of Troops — David A. Mitchell. THE war of 1812-15 found in Beaver county an earnest supporter in General Abner Lacock. His speeches in congress advocated a vigorous prosecution of the contest for the maintenance of American rights and honor. The response from Beaver was in accord with his sentiments. Thoroughly aroused, her people have always indicated their sympathy with the government of their fathers, and made cor- responding sacrifices for its maintenance. The first two years of the war did not call out any troops from the county; but when the lake frontier was threatened in 1814, her sons responded nobly, as will be seen by the roster of troops appended. These militiamen went to Erie. Major Samuel Powers was inspector of the second brigade, six- teenth division of militia in the march to Meadville, under orders of the governor dated September 5, 1812. His salary was $50 per month. His account against the state, covering pay, rations and forage for a period of 22 days, amounted to $57.20. A second account was a state- ment of the expedition against Erie, January and February, 1814, the bill for services, etc., aggregating $273.32. The pay to soldiers in the campaign against Erie in 1814 was not sufficient to inflate them with the expectation of becoming suddenly wealthy. It ran thus : Captain, $40 per month; lieutenant, $30; ensign, $20; sergeant, $12; corporal, $11; and private, $10. Two regiments of militia were represented, the 138th and the 26th. All the companies except twa belonged to the former. Appended is the roster of troops in the war, as obtained personally from the records in the Auditor-General's office at Harrisburg : Captain David Knowles' company, 138tli regiment, Pennsylvania militia, commanded 385 286 HISTORY OF BEATEE COUNTY. by Lieut.-Col. Robert Miller, under order of Major- General Mead, dated January 1, 1814, service commencing January 12 and ending February 22, 1814 : Captain, David Knowles; lieutenant, James Withrow; ensign, William Cannon; sergeants, "William Hunter, Alexander Johnson, Samuel Cross, Samuel Blackmore; corporals, George Crowe, Ethan Thomas, Joseph Wilson, David Anderson; privates, Anderson, David Anderson, James; Blackmore, Samuel; Brittain, Jeremiah; Bevington, Samuel; Cline John; Cline, Joseph; Cannon, William; Calvin, Robert; Crowl, George; Cross, Samuel Cunningham, James; Crowe, Henry; Cotton, James; Donald, Stacy; Dearinger, Joseph: Dickson, John; Eakin, William; Gibson, Samuel; Graham, Hugh; Grosscost, David Gurrol, James; Hamilton, James; Henry, James; Hull, Gairham; Johnson, John; John son, James; Johnson, Alexander; Johnson, Fergus; Kennedy, Thomas; Dowry, Hugh Louthan, George; Louthan, Moses; Moore, Thomas; McConnel, John; Mier, George Mitchell, Hugh; Martin, William; McCague, Daniel; McGufEee, Andrew; Moore, William Martin, John; Phezzle, George; Porter, David; Pumphrey, William; Reed, Samuel: Ramsey, David; Rayl, William; Sheerer, William; Stratton, Daniel; Seabrook, Archi bald; Smith, Jesse; Thompson, Thomas; Wilson, Joseph; Wilson, James; Wolf, John Wolf, Isaac; Wright, Richard. Captain David Clark's company of the same regiment, and for the same period, was recruited in the portion north of the Ohio and west of the Big Beaver rivers, head- quarters at Darlington : Captain, David Clark; lieutenant, James Dunlap; ensign, Archibald Stewart; sergeants, James Davidson, John McCandles, John Imbre, Andrew Reed; corporals, David Tidball, Francis Johnson, John Edgar, John Curry; privates, Asa, Adams; Alls worth, Benj.; Aughenbaugh, P. ;Boal, Daniel; Bond, Jas;, Beer, John; Boies, David; Clelland, John; Carson, John; Cannon, Michael; Campbell, Matthew; Crum, Isaac; Courtney, Jacob; Chambers, John; Caldwell, William; Cooglar, Benjamin; Dixon, William; Duff, William; Dunlap, John; Elder, John; Filland, Thomas; Hog, William; Hatfield, Adam; Hannah, Samuel; Hughes, John; Hunter, James; Hope, Adam; Hopper, Robert; Kagler, Henry; Losier, Stophel; Losier, Peter; Laughlin, James; Leslie, James; Leslie, George; Morrison, James; McMinn, Thomas; Malone, Emley; Miller, Samuel; Moore, William, Sr., McCollough, James; McCready, Hugh; Moore. Andrew; Moore, William; Miller, Robert; McCready, Daniel; McCarter, James; McCaskey, William; Marquis, James; Marquis, Robert; McCaskey, John; Moore, John; McKibben, James; McKeehan, John; Marshall, J.; Nesbit, Francis; Parks, Samuel; Pitcher, Mitchell; Ruggle, Jacob; Reed, William; Reed, Robert; Reeve, Archibald; Ross, James; Russel, Robert; Reed, John; Shingledecker, Michael; Swaggers, George; Stacey, John, Stephenson, D.; Suman, John; Stinginger, George; Stephenson, John; Severs, Charles; Sample, John; Truesdale, James; Vance, John; Woods, Andrew; White, John; White, Nicholas; White, Nathaniel; Wickershaw, Adam; Wilson, William; Warner, Henry; Witherspoon, John; Young, Phillip; Young, William. Captain Wilson Caldoo's (since Kildoo or Kiddoo) company, recruited east of Big Beaver and mainly in Shenango, Slipperyrock and North Sewickley townships, now Lawrence county: Captain, Wilson Caldoo; lieutenant, Alexander Clemens; ensign, Robert Catty; sergeants, Thomas Caldoo, David Sadder, William McMurray, Thomas Walton; corporals, John Tidball, Adam Marshinner, John Whan, William McKim; privates. Brown, John;Blair, Samuel; Brittain, John; Baldwin, Samuel; Custard, Joseph; Clark, David; Connor, John; Carothers; William; Cline, Henry; Davidson, Patrick; Davidson, Andrew; Egbert, Isaac; Foster, Thomas; Plynn, Thomas; Frew, James; Fox, Michael; Grass, Robert; Harris, Samuel; Henry, James; Thomas, Hannah; Jackson, William; Jackson, James; Jolley, Levan; Joseph, Patrick; Lackey, Robert; Moore, John; McKey, Wm; Miller, Wm; Mattocks, Wm; Miller, John;Mller, Wm.; McDowell, BE'AVEK COUNTY. 287 "William; Newton, Sabine; Pollock, Samuel; Regley, Seth; Robinson, Joseph; Seward, Abner; Stackman, James; Sample, Samuel; Vingder, Elias; Wilson, William; White John; Whann, Bphraim; Wright, Samuel; Ward, William; Wall, Jesse; Wallace, John; Wallace, Samuel. Captain Robert Lieper's company, 138th regiment. It was recruited on the "South Side." Captain, Robert Lieper; lieutenant, John Warnick; ensign, Joseph Calhoun; sergeants, David Wilson, Henry Davis, Noah Potts, Erastus Rudd; corporals, Joseph Brown, Aaron Sutton, Thomas Barnes, Thomas Potts; privates, Allen, Solomon; Apple- gate, David; Brunton, Thomas; Barnes, Thomas; Brown, George; Butler, George; Beals, William; Creegthon, John; Grain, Adonijah; Douglas, Nathaniel; Ferguson, Hans: Grimes, James; Gilliland, John; Hamilton, James; Hannah. Alex.; Hovington, Zenas; Henry, Haj-s; Hamilton, James; Latter, William; Lewis, John; Liper, William, MoElheny, Robert; McCray, James; McHenry, Charles; McCune, William; Moore, Robert; McCure, Thomas; Nelson, John; Odell, John; Parkinson, James; Patterson, Guy; Reed, William; Reed, Alex.; Richmond, John; Seeley, Samuel; Stone, Jackson; Smith, Jr. John; Smith, John; Shane, Cornelius; Santel, Alpha; Smith, James; Shive- ly, Jacob; Thpmasburg, John; Veasey, Elisha; Vincent, Thomas; Withrow, Thomas; W®od, Silas; Wilson, James. The roll of this company is certified by William McCune, lieutenant; and yet no record exists of his promotion from private to lieutenant. In the receipt roll for the period from February 33 to March 33, he is reported as lieutenant. Captain William Calhoun's company, 188th regiment. Recruited on the " South Side": Captain, William Calhoun; lieutenant, Thomas Hartford; ensign, Benjamin Laughlio; sergeants, Thomas Sevaney, Daniel Heckathorn, Adam Gibb, Robt. Neilson, Patrick Caughey; corporals, Jonathan Grimstaw, Andrew Hayes, William McCullough, James Allison; privates, Allison, James; Bear, Charles; Butler, Abiah; Baker, George; Carson, William; Clear, George: Cunnington, Clifford; Caughey, Patrick; Douglass, John; Decker, Daniel; Farrat, William; Foush, Michael; Ford, Eli; Hodge, William; Hall, James; Hartford, Thomas; Hight, Aaron; Hamilton, John; Jamison, William; Justice, Joseph; Kinners, James; Lockhart, Hiram; Lockhart, Allen; Laughlin, Wil- son; Laird, William; Laird, John; Laughlin, Benjamin; Langfit, James; Mercer, Not- tingham; MoCauley, Hugh; Miller, Samuel; McCullough, Wm. ; Myers, George; Neil- son, Robert; Neilson, William; Patten, Robert; Patten, James; Patten, William; Skil- len, Hugh; Sevaney, John; Snyder, Jacob S ; Shafer, Anthony; Sands, Andrew; Swaney, Thomas; Swany, Thomas; Thompson, Benj.; Thompson, James; Woods, William; Weitzell, Henry; Willoughby, Charles; Wilson, Wm. It will be seen that Thomas Hartford was promoted from private to be lieutenant: Patrick Caughey to be sergeant, and James Allison to be corporal, after the first month's service. Captain Thomas Henry's company, 138th regiment, recruited in and around Beaver. Service began January 13, 1814, and continued until about 21st of March: Captain, Thomas Henry; lieutenant, Samuel Ramsey; ensign, James McMilton; sergeants, Wm. Joseph, David Warnook, John Minnis, Gasper Snooks; corporals, Ahiman Stibes, John Bell, Solomon Mains, John Shanks; privates, Alexander, John; Alexander, William; Bennet, Robert; Bennet, Solomon: Borin, James; Bond, Hugh; Bradley, John; Beam, Jacob; Beggs, John; Caldwell, John; Craig, Archibald; Champion, George; Champion, Joseph; Davis, Samuel; Davis, John; Daugherty, Edward; Dunbar, Samuel; Davidson, John; Daugherty, Daniel; Everhart, John; Embrie, Robert; Freed, Jacob; Ferguson, Robert; Ferguson, James; Feree, John; Feree, Jesse; Gardner, William; Gardner, Thomas; Grim, Michael; Graham, Wm.; Imbrie, Robert; King, John; Kennedy, Mat- 288 HISTORY OF BBAVEE COUNTY. thew; Lacock, Atlas E,; Maratta, Caleb; McConanghey, Edward; McGarvey, James; Moor, James; McMillan, John; Oldtrain, Absalom; Riddle, James; Biddle, James, Jr.; Reno. Ben].; Reno, Lewis; Ramsey, Samuel; Smith, William; Sloan, James; Small, Thomas; Scott, Isaac; Scott, John; Stairs, John; Stairs, Robert; Thompson, John: Trash, Rufus; Wolf, John. Captain Armstrong Drennan's company, 1st Battalion 36th Regiment. Service from February 16 to March 22, 1814. Formed from all parts of the country north of Ohio: Captain, Armstrong Drennan; lieutenant, Jacob Cline; ensign, Stephen Clark; sergeants, John Johnston, James Fowler, Robert Johnston, Michael Nye, corporals, David Drennan, James Hamilton, John McConnel, George Sanford; privates, Anderson, Robert; Aughenbaugh, George; Adams, David; Adam, Alexander; Aughenbaugh, John; Allsworth, John S.; Bridgeman, John; Bales, Charles; Boggs, Robert; Boylen, Aaron; Cox, John; Courtney, Nicholas; Cheney, John; Cobren,John; Cannon, Joshua; Coleman, .John; Cook, Benjamin; Cook, John; Downing, Samuel; Dickson, Matthew; Daugherty, Edward; Douglass, John; Dawson, Thomas; Early, William; Freed, Peter; Graham, Christopher; Graham, Frederick; Hamilton, Hugh; Harkin, William; Plar- binson, James; Hageman, Stephen; Herron, William; Hamill, John; Inman, Basil Jackson, James; Justice, John; Jackson, Matthew; Justice, Ross; Justice, Matthew Lippy, William; Lippy, Joseph; Murphy, John; McFarland, John; McFarland, Robt. McClelland, William; Miller, James; Marshall, John; McCarter, Daniel; McCready, John; McCollough, James; McCollough, William; McCaskey, Andrew; McCalla, John McGowen, Robert; McCaughty, Robert; McMinn, Robert; Niblock, Joseph; Nicholson Francis; Ness, William; Ne-bit, John; Pierce, .John; Powell, Samuel; Percival, Jacob Pedan, James; Pedan, Hugh; Rayl, Nathaniel; Robinson, Joseph; Regal, Abraham Reed, Joseph; Smith, George; Scott, William; Sleut, Philip; Sheerer, John; Swagers John; Sterret, George; Steen, Matthew T.; Stewart, George; Vankirk, William Vanata, James; Vanata, Thomas; Welsh, Andrew; Webster, Samuel; Wiley, William Warnock, James; Wallace, Benjamin; Wells, John; Whittenberger, Adam; Whitten- berger, George; Wiley, John. Captain Robert Imbrie's company, being 2d Company, 1st Battalion, 26th regi- ment, Pennsylvania Militia; commanded by Major Andrew Jenkins; served at Erie from 1.5 February to 23 March, 1814: Captain, Robert Imbrie; lieutenant, James Henry; ensign, James Veasey; sergeants; A. M'Kinnon, William Moore, John M'Cormick: cor- porals, William Roland, James Perrel, John M'Coy, William Hammond; privates, Anderson, Thomas; Bottomfelt, Samuel; BoUiner, Simon; Bell, John, Jr.; Bell, John Bower, Samuel; Boyd, William; Boyd, Andrew: Brown, John;Cristler, George; Caston William; Caldoo, James; Clark, James; Cochran, James; Cyphey, David; Dermon, John Daugherty, Richard; Daugherty, George; Eckles, Thomas; Eckles, John; Fisner, John Fowler, Archibald; Fegans, John; Holmes, Joseph; Hutchinson, William; Hickey, John Harvey, James; Hawk. John; Hawk, Jonathan; Hawk, Benjamin; Hinds, John; Harper, David; Imbrie, James; Irvin, James: Junkins, Samuel; Johnson, John; Jack, Thomas Laughlin, Samuel; Little, William; Little, James; Leonard, Hull; Madison, Samuel Matthews, Duncan; McDowell, John; McDevit, Henry; Miller, Joseph; Manon, James McMurray, James; Miller, Moses; Moore, James; McNeal, James; McBride, Samuel McGowan, Ebenezer; Melony, Henry; Newton, John; Naymen, Daniel; Parks, Thomas Park, David; Pollock, James; Pollock, Samuel; Roger, Jacob; Reed, Matthew; Scott^ Thomas; Semple, Robert; Sharp, John; Shaffer, Jacob; Summerwell, John; Smith Andrew; Simpson, William; Shaffer, Peter; Scott, George; Smith, Benjamin; Slater Jacob; Vancokle, Richard; White, Samuel. Photo tjrAufiaoit. BKAVEK COUNTY. 291 This company, it is claimed, rendezvoused at Darlington (then Greersburg). Cap- tain Robert Imbrie, it will be noted, had been a private in Captain Thomas Heniy's con.- pany. He was the brother of John and James Imbre, both of whom were in the war of 1812, John was the father of DeLorma Imbrie, now a resident of Beaver. MEXICAN WAE. Texas, one of the original states of the new-fledged republic of Mexico, had, in 1836, declared her independence of the mother repub- lic. Such independence was recognized in 1837 by the government of the United States. In 18-13-44, at the suggestion of President Tyler, she became a candidate for admission into the Federal republic. The question of her admission afforded the principal issue in the spirited political campaign of 1844, in which James K. Polk was elected presi- dent over Henry Clay. The final admission of Texas (July 4, 1845,) as a sister state of the great republic was distasteful to Mexico. Eepeated aggressions upon the territory and property of United States citizens had been made by Mexicans. For the consequent damage, the Federal govern- ment demanded six millions of dollars. Two days after the inaugura- tion of President Polk, General Almonte, the Mexican minister at Washington, requested and received his passport to return to his own nation, thus severing diplomatic relations between the two only repub- lics on the American continent. The president of Mexico, Herrera, issued a proclamation to the effect that the annexation of Texas in no wise -interfered with Mexican rights, and that his government would maintain its claims by force of arms. Both countries prepared for war. General Zachary Taylor was ordered by President Polk to go with his troops to Texas, and take a position as near the Kio Grande as prudence would warrant. His force, known as the " Army of Occupation," was small, but under his skillful management defeated the Mexicans in several engagements on Texan soil, and finally invaded undisputed Mexican territory. In a reconnoitering expedition, sent out under Captain Thornton, Lieutenant Mason Avas killed on the 24th of April, 1846 ; the first Mood shed in the war with Mexico. Though hostilities had actually existed for some time, it was not until the 13th of May, 1847, that congress, then in session, declared, that " by act of the Eepublic of Mexico, a state of war exists between that government and the United States." The president was author- ized to accept fifty thousand volunteers, and ten million dollars were appropriated for prosecuting the contest. 292 HISTORY OF BEAVER COUNTY. Upon the necessity and results of the war, political parties were divided, the Democrats, as a rule, favoring it, and the Whigs opposing. Beaver county then was largely Whig in sentiment. The townships which a few years later were detached to aid in forming the new county of Lawrence, were the strongholds of that decaying party. From them no such response could be expected as was received during the war of 1812, when her sons poured forth, company after company, to drive the British from American soil. No companies or other organizations went from Beaver county to Mexico. A few individuals enlisted in companies form«d at Pittsburgh and elsewhere, and aided heroically in defending the flag of their country on the bloody field of carnage. One of these cases will be given somewhat in detail, because of the interest attached to it. The facts, as obtained from Mrs. Dr. ISTancy H. Dickson, a sister of the soldier in question, are substantially as follows: David A. Mitchell, son of General John Mitchell, was- born at Bellefonte, Centre county, Pa., January 20,1818. He enlisted from Beaver county in Company K., 1st Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers. His company, known as the "Blues," was com- manded by Captain Alexander Hays, and the regiment by Colonel Wynkoop, Lieuten- ant-Colonel Samuel Black, a Pittsburgh attorney, being in charge during-much of its term of service. David was mustered into the United States service at Pittsburgh, December 25, 1846, and went at once with his command to Mexico. In the capture of Vera Cruz, he was wounded in the ankle, but went on toward Mexico with his regiment. Many of the soldiers were afflicted with diarrhma, and were compelled to be left at Perote in the hos- pital. David, one of the victims of this terrible army afiBiction, was discharged from the service, and with others was started homeward. Having no ambulances, they started for the coast on foot, and reached Jalapa, but could go no farther. Owing to the lack of accommodations there, they returned to Perote where David died June 6, 1847. The day prior to his death he wrote to his father a letter which, however, was not received till the following November, when it arrived, enclosed in one from the surgeon of the regiment. Dr. Reynolds. Nothing further concerning him could reasonably be expected until the war was over and the soldiers returned. In June, 1848, General Mitchell, then superintendent of the Beaver division of the canal on which David had had contracts for work, and along which both were well- known, received a letter from au inkeeper at Couneautville, saying that his son David was at the inn. The general did not accredit the story, and wrote for particulars. In reply came a letter signed "Your sou, D. A. Mitchell." It pronounced the death in Mexico a mistake, and stated further that he (David) was ashamed to return to his father's house in consequence of recent hard drinking, — a practice to which he was known to be addicted. The hand-writing so thoro\ighly resembled David's that there could not be any mistake in the matter. The father was convinced that his lost boy was yet alive. Though not given to weeping, he sat down and shed tears of joy. That evening, he and his daughter Nancy (now Mrs. Dr. Dickson), left on the canal boat for Conneautville, Dr. Dickson accompanying. When they reached the place, they learned that the supposed son had gone to Linesville, leaving his board bill unsettled. Paying this (a point in which the liKAVEK GODNTY. 293 innkeeper was deeply interested, and which made him believe that the personage was David), the general proceeded with his party in a carriage through a pouring rain across the coulitry, seven or eight miles, to Linesville, where his son David had left some of his receipts and account books. These had been carefully scanned and studied by the sup- posed ^n as affording a clue to the contractor's system of penmanship. The Linesville "innkeeper pronounced his guest the veritable David Mitchell, and said he was lying asleep on a settee. Going to the room and shaking him, the general said : " My son, wake up." Looking up, the sleeper said : " Father, is it you ? " • In her account of this meeting Mrs. Dickson says : "That [question] was enough for father ; but he would not let me see him. The man did not want to see me until he was shaved and had his clean clothes on. Father got a buggy and drove him to the canal. We had to wait till night for the boat. They fixed him up and put him to bed ; and when father went out to buy him some clothes, I went in. He looked like Dave, but his hair was lighter and thinner, and his beard black— Dave's was red. He had moles on his cheek like David's. On his hand he had a scar exactly like Dave's, where he had cut his hand when a boy. He kept his mouth covered (some one had told him his mouth was not like David's). He said it was sore — he was salivated. I took the handkerchief off and made him open his mouth. I was so frightened; I knew it was not Dave's teeth nor mouth. I ran down stairs and screamed for father. He and the Doctor came, and father was very angry, saying I must not go near him again until I could treali him as my brother, and never say again that he was not David. The Doctor said it was David. "I saw him on the boat, and I did try to believe it was my brother. I was afraid to speak of it to any one. , Father was devoted to him, and I was kept busy working and waiting on him. Mattison Darragh and some other friends of David sat up with him. He was sick in bed ; I think he had delirium trem'ens. Mr. Darragh told the next day that he was not David, and that gave me some confidence." Strange to say, nearly every mark on David Mitchell was found to have its counter- part on this impostor. When Nancy suggested to him one day that her brother's hair was not so thin and light, he replied : "If your hair had been combed with cannon balls, it would be thin too." He gave out that his teeth had all been extracted in Mexico, and a Mexican's teeth inserted. So completely did he succeed in deceiving the people that the majority at first decided him to be the absent son . It was for several weeks the absorbing topic of conversation in the community. At length the Mexican soldiers began to return to their homes, passing up the Ohio in boats. Some fears were entertained that violence would be used by them upon this man, should they learn what kind of a role he was playing. He was now stopping at the National hotel in Beaver, having been taken thither by General Mitchell. Colonel Black, commander of the 1st regiment, went up to take a look at the man. When he came down he was heard to remark : ' ' David Mitchell had an honest countenance ; that man has the countenance of a sheep-thief." One soldier who saw Mitchell die was in the company. He went before a magistrate and made an afiidavit that he was a witness of Mitchell's death. On the next boat that came was a man who then had on the trousers which Mitchjell wore at the time of his death. These facts became convincing. The man was arrested and placed in jail ; but no criminal action was brought against him, and he was released and induced to flee the country. The name of the impostor was Samuel H. Davitt. He was about ten years older than Mitchell, and was a shrewd, intelligent man — a teacher by profession. When he first appeared in Bridgewater at the hotel afterwards known as the " Red Onion," he rep- resented himself as Richard John Lee, of Washington county. He was passionately 294 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. fond of toddy ; and hence when he passed along the canal and was so frequently accosted as David Mitchell, he deemed it a favorable time to live sumptuously on the reputation of the deceased contractor and soldier. He succeeded admirably until over- whelming evidence of the imposture laid bare his claims, and compelled his flight. His subsequent career is unknown. In the old graveyard at Beaver is buried a soldier of the Mexican war, who died^nthe boat coming up the river. He was interred with the honors of war. His name was William Thomas, a member of Captain Joseph Hill's company (D), 1st Pennsylvania volunteers. His company roll, at Harrisburg represent him as mustered in January 4, 1848, and deceased July 12, 1848, " from disease contracted in service." Some time after the funeral a comrade came to Beavei and enlisted the people of the borough in taking up a subscription to raise funds for the erection of a suitable slab. The necessary funds were secured, and a stone whose top is broken off obliquely, to indicate the premature death of the soldier, was erected. On it is this inscription: "William Thomas, native of Philadelphia, and a member of 1st Penn. Vols., died on his return from Mexico, and buried here with military honors in August [mistake : should be July — Ed.J, 1848." CHAPTER XIII. MILITARY— Continued. The Conflict of 1861-65 — "The People's Meeting" — The Meeting OF April 23 — The Home Guakds — The Jackson Geays — Loyalty OF THE Ladies — Military Officers — Eegiments Represented by Beaver County Men — Roster of Troops. THE American conflict from 1861 to 1865 was, on the field of battle, an attempt to settle by arms a controversy which had existed for more than two centuries, and which had bitherto resulted in com- promises. The contest called out" five millions of soldiers, sacrificed half a million of lives, and incurred a debt, direct and indirect, of six billions of dollars. The irrepressible conflict had to be decided. It was de- cided by every unconditional surrender from Fort Donelson to Appo- mattox. At the beginning of the war there existed a want of appreciation of the magnitude of the struggle that had been inaugu- rated. Both sections underestimated and falsely estimated their adver- saries. The government considered the struggle as but a " breakfast job," and toyed with the matter by calling out 75,000 men for three months. The confederates were sanguine that their opponents could finally be defeated, and were deadly in earnest from the beginning of the conflict. A year or two of mutual death struggle began to correct these false notions. Before the firing on Fort Sumter, and even before the inauguration of Mr. Lincoln, evidences of strong feelmg and intense intei'est existed in Beaver county. On the 4th of February, 1861, a convention called " The People's Meeting " was held at the courthouse in Beaver. It was probably the most exciting meeting of any kind ever held in the county, and but for the restraining sentiments of cool-headed men, might have been easily converted into a scene of indiscriminate bloodshed. The purpose, it seems, was to secure in advance an expression of sentiment from the people of the county relative to the scenes that had 395 296 . HISTOEY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. been transpiring at "Washington and in the South since the presidential election of the preceding JSTovember. The policy of the outgoing administration was either to be commended or condemned. Its friends, it was claimed, would endeavor to have passed at the "People's Meeting" a series of resolutions opposed to the coercion of the seceding states. This is indicated in the subjoined note from Colonel M. S. Quay to a Eepublican at Yanport, which was published in the Star of February 7: Dear Sir: Turn out to the meeting at one o'clock this afternoon if you possibly can, and bring every Republican from Vanport with you if possible. They intend passing Looofoco resolutions, and sending them out to the state as the expression of the people of Beaver county. It should be ppfivented if possible. Great activity was manifested by the advocates of the two parties to secure a large attendance of their adherents. The Democrats had the advantage in that they secured the organization of the meeting, they having had the president, all the vice-presidents but two, and both the secretaries. Hon. Joseph Irwin was chairman; James Wallace, Henry Alcorn, Thomas Conway, Boston Grove, Ephraira Jones, Levi Barnes, Jacob Wagner, John Graham, William Leaf, William F. Lafferty, Hobert Eussell, Elwood Thomas and David Stanton — the last two Republicans — were vice-presidents, and Robert Potter and IST. C. Barclay were secretaries. Lewis Taylor and N. P. Fetterman, both Democrats, had been selected to address the meeting. These being both absent, S. B. Wilson, Esq., was chosen to perform that duty, which he did in his usual forcible manner. The Republicans having meantime assembled in vast numbers, Richard P. Roberts, one of their number, was loudly called to make a speech, and responded in an address of an hour and a half. A series of resolutions was read by S. B. Wilson, Esq., and voted upon, against the protests of the Republicans. They were anti coercion a,nti-abolition, anti-war, etc. After they were passed the Democratic officials withdrew, leaving the Republicans to reorganize, and pass a series of resolutions, which are thus reported in the Argus: Mesoloed, That it is the duty of the Federal government to protect the Federal prop- erty, and execute the Federal laws, and for these purposes" to employ all means at its disposal. Besolmd, That the imposition of the institution of slavery upon the people of a territory against their will, or without consent, whether by congressional legislation, or constitutional enactment, is in direct conflict with the spirit and purpose of a republican form of government. BEAVEK COUNTY. _ 297 Resolved, That any statute of any state wliicli conflicts with the constitution or laws of the United States should be repealed. Eesolved, That we are opposed to any interference with the institution of slavery in the states where it now exists, or by which it may hereafter be legalized, either by the federal congress or by the free states, or by illegal individual enterprise, such as was exemplified in the murderous fray of John Brown against Virginia. Resolved, That the thanks of the nation are due to our President, James Buchanan, for the promptness with which he extricated himself from the ruinous policy into which he had been misled by traitors; for purging his cabinet of their presence, and for sur- rounding himself by su'h patriotic and competent advisers as Holt, Scott, Dix and Stanton, in whose statesmanship and lidelity to the Union all parties can confide. Resolved, That, since the purchase of Florida and Louisiana territories by the gov- ernment of the United States was to secure unmolested commerce in the Gulf, aid the free navigation of the Mississippi and its tributaries as transits to the ocean, and since their maintenance as territories and states has been secured only by the lavish expendi- ture of the blood and treasure of the whole nation, the recent revolutionary acts of levying war, and by coercion seizing and holding the forts and arsenals, hospitals and treasury of the United States, forcibly driving the United States troops from the other property of the United States, dishonoring the national flag in the eyes of the world, is treasonable in character and in violation of the equality, fraternity and common rights of all the states, and thus imposes the patriotic duty of the people of all the states, as citizens of the United States, to rally to the common defense of our common Union and the constitution. The records of the period a.re not complete; but in the Weste?-n 'Star of April '26, 1861, thirteen days after the firing on Fort Sumter, we find an account of the great meeting held at Beaver, on the 22d of April, to meet the imperative demands of the hour. The meeting was organized by electing the following officers: President — Hon. Daniel Agnew. Vice presidents — Hon. Joseph Irvin, Hon. Will- iam Cairns, Major Thomas McCreery. Moses Doak, Dr. John McCarroll, Archibald Robertson, Isaac Covert, Daniel Dawson, Robert Douthett, Moses Hendrickson, Hon. John Scott, Andrew Watterson, B "Wilde, Dr. M. Lawrence, John Graebing, Robert "Wallace, "William D. Eakin, Major R. Darragh, Major David "Warnock, Thomas McClure, Thornton Shinn, Dr. Parmer. Secretaries — Henry Hice, P. L. Grim, W. B. Lemon, S. Davenport, J. Trimble. A committee of seven, namely, B. B. Chamberlin, Jno. Allison, Thos. McClure, R. P. Roberts, S. B. Wilson, Archibald Robertson and P. L. Grim, was appointed to prepare business for the meeting, and then adjourned. On reassembling, David Critchlow sang that patriotic and soul-stirring song, the Marseillaise hymn, after which the committee submitted the following report, which was unanimously adopted : "Whetjeas, The government under which we live, and which has secured to our fathers and to us the rights guaranteed by the constitution adopted by the patriots of the revolution, under the genial protection of which the American people have enjoyed a greater amount of happiness and a higher degree of personal liberty and prc'^jeiily 298 HISTORY OF BEAVER -COUNTY. than has ever been vouchsafed to any nation upon earth, is now assailed by an organized band of traitors, who threaten its destruction and the subversion of the constitution; and whereas, an army of rebels from the Southern states is now marching upon the national capital for the purpose of usurping the powers of government, it therefore becomes the duty of every citizen who loves his country, and whose heart beats with patriotic emotion, to manifest his patriotism by promptly uniting with our fellow-citizens of other states and communities, in sustaining the constitution and laws of our country, and in every legal and constitutional manner vindicate the authority and majesty of the government, either by taking up arms in its defense, or by aiding such of our patriotic citizens who may volunteer to serve in the armies of the Republic; therefore Resolved, That a general county committee of safety composed of one hundred men be appointed, for the purpose of considering the duties devolving upon all loyal citizens, in any emergency that may arise during the civil war now raging between the constituted authorities of the nation and the aggressive and rebellious states; and that also the organization of local committees be recommended in different localities of the county. Resolved, That a home military organization be recommended in every locality of the county, and that in view of the emergencies now arising, all encouragement be extended to the formation of volunteer corps, to act on requisition of the general and state authorities. Resolved, That a committee of six persons be appointed in each election district of the county to see that the families of our noble, brave and patriotic citizens who may volunteer to serve our common country be properly cared for and protected during the absence of their natural protectors, and that we unitedly pledge our sacred honors and fortunes to enable said committee to carry this resolution into effect. Resohed, That the president of this meeting appoint and announce the above com- mittees at his earliest convenience. Hon; Thomas Cunningham was then, on motion of E. P. Eoberts, called upon to address the meeting, and responded in a most able, elo- quent and patriotic speech, tracing the progress of treason and rebellion in the South from its rise to the jjresent time, showing this scheme for the dissolution and destruction of the government had long been cher- ished by the leading men of that section now most active in waging this fratricidal and unholy war; that all pretexts of inequality in the national territories, running away of slaves, the election of Abraham Lincoln to the presidency,'etc., were but miserable subterfuges by which they sought to cover up their wicked purpose; that in furtherance of their traitorous scheme they first broke up the Democratic party, by their actions at the Charleston convention in 1860, and thus deliber- ately and intentionally brought about the very state of things they now complain of and assign as the cause for and the justification of their attack upon the government. And, in closing a speech replete with patriotism and devotion to his country, he urged upon all the necessity and duty of responding promptly to the call of their country in this her hour of danger. BKAVKR COUNTY. 301 R. P. Roberts, Esq., was then called u]ion and briefly responded in a stirring and patriotic appeal to all to put forth their efforts now to crush out treason, and to rally to the defense of our glorious flag. He also announced that a committee from the Harmony Society at Econ- omy were in attendance, with an offer of 'means necessary for the defense of their country. Rev. Dr. McClain, Rev. S. K. Kane, Rev. S. Patterson, Rev. B. C. Critchlow, Rev. D. A. Cunningham, and Rev. J. M. Smith being called for, each addressed the meetmg in brief but fervent and patriotic speeches, deprecating tiie necessity for war, but asserting that the war now forced upon us must be met in the true spirit of holy and devoted patriotism; that our position in the present struggle was in accordance with the true principles of religion and humanity, and that relying upon the God of battles, we must surely succeed in- suppressing treason and rebellion. S. B. "Wilson, Esq., was then called upon and addressed the meet- ing. Hon. John Allison, and Captain Kagarice, a soldier of the Mexi- can war, and Thornton Shinn, Esq., late of Kansas, each made a few pertinent, patriotic and soul-stirring remarks. Names of the committee of one hundred appointed in pursuance of the first of the above resolutions : Hon. Thomas Cunningham, R. P. Roberts, B. B. Chamberlin, Edward Hoops, William Henry, Dr. James E. Jackson, Dr. John Murray, James Arbuckle, Dr. D. S. Marquis, Hon. Joseph Irvin, Captam G. Pendleton, Thomas Gr. Kerr, Henry Bryan, Oeorge Shiras, Thornton Shinn, George Neely, Samuel Hendrickson, Henry Goehring, John Ohaney, Elwood Thomas, "William Wallace, S. C. Clow, Hugh Bennett 17 William Barcla}', Robert Graham, Captain D. Dawson, Captain Samuel Smith, Hon. William Cairns, John Wilson, Andrew Watterson, Jesse Carothers, Archibald Robertson, Thomas B. Wells, Hon. John Scott, Joseph Wallace, William M. Reed, Benjamin Butler, Joseph Nevin, Philip Cooper, James Smith, David Kennedy, Dr. M. Lawrence, Charles Calhoun, Andrew R. Miller, Robert Patton, Dr. .John McCarroll, Samuel Davenport, Rev. D. A. Cunningham, Thomas McCreery, General J. H. Wilson, William B. Clarke, H. B. Beisel, Silas Merrick, Jason Hanna, George W. Glass, Hon. John Allison, Matthew Gilliland, ^ George S. Barker, Benjamin Wilde, James Wilson, M. T. Kennedy, George W. Fulton, Isaac Covert, Sylvester Hunter, Rev. B. C. Critchlow, John Stilea, Robert Jackson, Lewis Reno, William D. Johnston, 302 history of beavee county. Committee of One Hundhed — Continited. George Hartzell, William H. Prazier, Agnew Duff, E. N. Boots, Francis Le Goullon, James Duncan, Henry Metz, Jacob Shaffer, Andrew Jackson, Francis S. Wilson, Rev. M'Abee, R. D. €ooper, George M. Young, Rev. D. H. A. McLean, William K. Boden, Robert Sliannon, Dr. S. Cunningham, Captain Charles Stone, David Dunlap, P. L. Grim, Rev. R. T. Taylor, Robert Douthitt, Hiram Stowe, Richey Eakin, John White, James Darragh, Joseph C. Wilson, Rev. S. Patterson, John Roberts, Robert McCreery. District committee appointed by the chairman in pursuance with the third resolution above : Sochester Boro. and Township — Joseph Irvin, G., C. Speyerer, John H. Whisler, William Porter, Robert Jackson, Gilbert Pendleton, James A. Sholes, A. P. Lacock, William Wallace. Bridgewater—Thovaas Campbell, Samuel Davidson, James Arbuckle, Thomas Allison, James Porter, J. Murray, Rev. William F. Lauck, Samuel Moorhead. Borough Tp. — Dr. S. Cunningham, Thomas M'Creery, Daniel Thurston, Jonathan M'Kinzie, James Darragh, Hugh B. Anderson, Isaac N. Atkins, M. Weyand. Darlington Tp. — Dr. Ross, Martin White, John A. Frazier, John Cain, Robert A. Cochran, J. P. Martin. Ghippewa Tp — John McCarter, Joseph Brittain, James Kennedy, Robert Dunlap, Thomas White, Jonathan Rhodes, Robert Douthett. Patterson Tp. — Jesse Williams, Archibald Robertson, John R. Hoopes, William Carothers, John Sims. Economy Tp. — George Neely, Patterson Mitchell, Samuel McManamy, William Mars, Jacob Breitenstein, John H, Beighley, Robert Gray (big). Pulaski Tp. — James Wallace, Ephraim Smith, John Baxter, Henry Phillis, Thomas Ferguson, Thomas Hays. Marion Tp. — Nicholas Boots, George Hartzell, Joseph Phillis, Austin Thomas, George Scheene. Franklin 2>.— Henry Metz, Alexander Fombell, Conrad Fisher, John H. Wilson, Francis S. Wilson, James W. Pander. Fallston Boro. — David Johnston, William Henry, R. D. Cooper, Dr. James E. Jackson, James Duncan, Samuel Kennedy. Raccoon Tj).— Robert Mofflt, James Smith, R. R. Gamble, Alexander Ewing, Samuel Kennedy, James Hall. Freedom Boro. and Dist.—W. W. Kerr, Jonathan Paul, Henry Bryan, Thomas H. Cooper, Erasmus Gripp, Charles' H. Bentel, Robert McCaskey, James Stoops, Charles Haller, W. Brown. Mw Sewickley 2>.— Henry Goehring, George Geyer, George Rouser, Abraham Hunter, George Teets, Edward Reeder, John Cheney, Samuel Piersol. New Brighton Boro.— Ron. John Allison, Isaac Covert, William Kennedy, H. B. Beisel, Benjamin Wilde, Edward Hoops, M. T. Kennedy, Sylvester Hunter. Phillipsburg—FvmcU Le Goullon, G. Trompeler, John M. Shrodes, Lawrence F. Schaffer, Joseph Bentel, Peter Markey. South Beaver Tjp.— Michael Conkle, Sr., Joseph McMillin, Robert Graham, Esq., Reuben Watt, Dixon Reed, Peter Crowl, Thomas F. Elder. BEAVER COUNTY. 303 Big Beaver— IV. H. Powers, Dr. Hazlep, Thomas McClure, Robert Wallace, Will- iam H. Foster, Samuel Blair, George Young, Fergus McClelland. North 8ewichley—K-ag[\ Bennett, Hugh Wallace, James J. Hazen, S. C. Clow, Ben- jamin Whisler, JameS Warnock, Thomas Ramsey, Alexander Caven. Industry— 3 ohn Wilson, Samuel Hoyt, Dr. J. P. Cummings, John Michaels, Hon. William Cairns, Richard Walton, J. M. Phillis, Joseph Ewing. Oreene J>.— Charles Calhoun, Dr. M. Lawrence, James H. Trimble, James Bryan, David Kerr, Jr., James Mackall, Samuel McGlaughlin, James Cameron, John Vance, Samuel Leeper, Jackson Swearengen. Frankfort Bist.—Di. Bingham, Dr. John McCarroll, R. A. Cooley, Captain S. Swearengen, Samuel Bigger, Moses Doak. McChiire'g Bist. — John A. Gibb, Robert Harsha, Henry Keifer, Joseph K. Bucha- nan, Eli Ramsey, George Littell. Ohio Tp. — Captain D. Dawson, R. Laughlin, James Scroggs, Matthew Johnston, S. B. Briggs, William Rayl, John Henderson, Robert McGaifick. Hopewell — Robert Duncan, Robert C. Scott, James Irons, G. K. Shannon, Thomas McKee, John R.McCune, William A. Thomson, James Jordan. Independence TJ).— James Sterling, Henry Reed, Dr. A. R. Thomson, William Reed, Alexander Gibb, Benjamin Butler, William M'Coy, Thomas Standish. Moon Tp. — D. B. Short, John Davis, Daniel Figley, Milo Reed, Hill Douds, Robert Cooper^ Henry Alcorn, William McBriar. Brighton Tp.— Andrew Watterson, George Barclay, William Scott, Jr., Richey Eakin, Jesse Carothers, Robert Gilmore. This committee of safety became the great medium of helping on enlistments, and aiding in the caring for the families of those who went, into the service. At a meeting of the committee in Beaver, May lY, 1861, it was moved by "W. B. Clarke that each member of the committee of safetj^ take the following oath or affirmation, to be administered by competent authority : " You and each of you do swear by Almighty God, the searcher of all hearts (or affirm) that you will support the constitution of the United States, and the constitution of Pennsyl- vania, and that you will maintain, support and defend the government of the United States against treason and rebellion." In addition to the regular companies sent to the field, the roster of which is given in a subsequent portion of this chapter, a number of Home Guards was enlisted in various parts of the county for such service as the exigencies of war might demand. As early as May 17, 1861, the following companies were reported : Galilee — Capt. William H. Power, 60 men. Economy town- ship — Capt. James Conway, 54 men. Phillipsburgh — Capt. Andrew Simon, 60 men. North Sewickley township — Capt. J. J. Hazen, 50 men. South Beaver — Capt. A. J. Lawrence, 45 men. Kaccoon — Capt. Jas. Smith, 45 men. Most of the men, however, were without arms. This number of Home Guards, all wearing the blue when on drill, was sub- sequently greatly increased. 304 HISTORY OF BEAVER COUNTY. Another organization was formed in and around Beaver, known as the Jaekson Orays. From taste or for some other reason, its members wore the gray uniform. It would be improper to omit the mention of the loyal ladies who, in all parts of the county, aided in suppressing the rebellion. Aid societies were established for procuring and sending forward supplies to the field. Mention is made of one of these societies in Ohio town- ship of which Mrs. Daniel Dawson was president, and Mrs. S. W. W. Coughey was secretary, that had forwarded to the army in December, 1861, a box of supplies amounting to $128.62. This was just one of numerous instances of a similar kind. The aid through the sanitary commission ; through faithful services as nurses in hospital and camp ; through letters, delicacies, words of encouragement in various ways; and through heroic endurance at home while Iqved ones were far away on weary marches or engaged in deadly conflict, can never be fully estimated nor adequately repaid. The loyal ladies of the country were an important factor in crushing the rebellion. The following classified list of military officers in Beaver county, taken from the Beaver Argus of July 24, 1867, is said to be a complete list of those who went from the county as commissioned officers during the war of the rebellion : John S. Littell, Jos. H. Wilson, John S. Littell, Alex. W. Taylor, T. J. Hamilton, David Critchlow, Alex. W. Taylor, David Stanton, David Minis Jr. , "W. B. Hezlep, John C. Levis, W. C. Shurlock, COLONELS. 76th Eeg't. M. S. Quay, 101st " R. P. Roberts, J. Q. Anderson, 17th Cavalry. LIEtJTENANT-COLONELS. 76thReg't. J.Q.Anderson, 101st " Jason R. Ilanna, MAJOES. 100th Reg't. Thomas Henry, " " J. Q. Anderson, 101st " - Geo. M. Irwin, SURGEONS. 1st Pa. Cavalry. Wm. B. Hezlep, 48th Reg't. J. M. Cummins, W. C. Shurlock, 51st Reg't. ASSISTANT SURGEONS. 3d Cavalry. Presley M. Kerr, 85th Reg't. Francis F. Davis, 100th " Francis F. Davis, P. B. Young, 136th Reg't. 134th Reg't. 140th " 17th Cavalry. 6th Militia, 1862. 140th Reg't. 17 Cavalry. 5th Artillery. 80th Reg't. 114th " 121st Reg't. << St 168th " BEAVEE COUNTY. 305 List of Military Officers — Continued. CAPTAINS. John Cuthbertson, Co. H 9th Res. James Conway, Co. H, 139th Reg't Jacob Winans, " " " " R. P. Roberts, " F, 140th " Milo R. Adams, " F, 10th " Thomas Henry, " " " " Joseph M. Reed, " " " " Marcus Ormond, " ^' " " Abner Lacock, " " " Samuel Campbell, Samuel Miller, " K. " " Samuel S. Kerr, " " " John L., Moore, " " " " James Darragh, " I, " " Alex. M. Gilkey, <( ti it (( Wm. McCallister, " " " " Jason R. Hanna, " c. 63d Reg't. D. M. Donehoo, '■ A, 17th Cav'ry. Chas. W. Taylor, " " " " J. Q. Anderson, " " " George Weaver, " " " " P. A. English, " " " " John S. Little, " K 76th " Henry M. Donehoo, ,, 3_ ,. David Critchlow, " c. 100th " Geo. M. Irwin, " B, 5thArtil'y. Wm. R. Shurlock, " D, " Charles D. Rhodes, " " " T. J. Hamilton, " " " George S. Barker, " C, 56th 90 days' AJvin M. Reed, " " " " Militia. Wm. F. Lyon, (( It (( ti Samuel R. Patterson, " E, 56th 90 days' Moses B. Welsh, " L, " Militia. Wm. Lowrey, " c. 101st " S. M. Lawrence, "H, 56th 90 days' Charles W. May, ■' F, " Militia. W. F. Dawson, " " " Robert Gil more. " I, 56th 90 days' Thos. B. Davrson, " " " Militia. David M. Ramsy, " " " George S. Barker, " C, 6th Militia, Alex. W. Taylor, "H, .. .. 1863. J. Adams Vera, " E, 134th " James S. Rutan, " F, 14th Militia, John W. Hague, " I, " " " 1862. CHAPLAINS. David Jones, 102d Reg't. Marcus Ormond, 140th Reg't. R. S. Morton, 17th Cavalry. FIRST LIEUTENANTS. John F. Price, Jacob S. Winans, 0. K. Chamberlin, M. S. Quay, John L. Moore, E. P. Stewart, Abner Lacock, George E. Lehmer, M. Hartshorn, John L. Moore, Wm. J. Carson, G. Y. Edwards, James S. Powers, Joseph Schonlon, Henry Hurst, Co. H, 9th Res. F, 10th K, " B, " 0, 6 id Reg't. Robert Darragh, Co. C, 63d Reg't Milo M. Boyle, " " " " Jas. S. Wilson, " " " " Robert F. Mcllvaine, " K, 76th " David Critchlow, " c, 100th " Jas. Calhoun, " D, " " Alvin M. Reed, " " " John C. Hurst, " " " " James S. Rutan, " F, 101st " Wm. F. Dawsop, " '■ tt It Wm. B. Dawson, " " •' " David M. Ramsey, " " " ■' Wm. H. Sutherland, " " " " James B. Kirk, " H " " R. G. Warden, " c. 105th " 306 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. List of Militabt Opficeks— Continued. Samuel R. Patterson, Co. E, 134th Reg't James Potter, Co. A. 17th Cav. Hugh Barnes, " I, " ■• B. S. Ramsy, " " " " James H. Mountain, H It tt (t Samuel Lau rence, " H, 5th Art'y. James Conway, " H, 139th " John F. Price, " C, 56th, 90 John D. Stokes, " F, 140th " days' Militia. Andrew M. Purdy, " " '■ " J. B. Parkinson, " E, 56th, 90 Darius Singleton, ■' " " " days' Militia. Austin Miller, " H, " " James McClure, " H, 56th, 90 John B. Vance, " " " " days' Militia. Addison Lance, t( tt ti ti Charles A. Griffin, " H, 56th, 90 Wm. McCallister, tt I t. „ days' Militia. Thomas C. Nicholson, " " " '■ John F. Price, " C, 6th Mili- Louis R. Darragh, " " " " tia, 1863. J. Q. Anderson, " A, 17thCav. J. A. Schonlon, " F, 14th Mili- John Sweny, tt tt tt tt tia, 1863. ADJUTANTS. Chas. C. Townsend, 1st Pa. Cavalry. Wm. S. Shallenberger, 140th Reg't. William H. Powers, Gilbert L. Eberhart, Samuel S. Taylor, John S. Anderson, James H. Calkins, James H. Mountain, Oliver P. Swisher, Thomas Henry, Alex. H. Calvert, Andrew M. Purdy, Carman M. Nelson, Samuel Campbell, John B. Vance, Samuel S. Kerr, W. M. Lawrence, G. A. Shallenberger, T. C. Nicholson, Louis R. Darragh, W. A. McMilen, B. F. Townsend, Eben Allison, John Sweny, P. A. English, B. S. Ramsy, 100th Reg't. John S. Bryan, Jason R. Hanna, 56th, 90 days' Militia. QUAETEEMASTEKS. 8th Reserves. David M. Ramsy, John Reeves, 56th Reg't, 90 days' Militia. SECOND LIEUTENANTS. Co H E, 101st Reg't. 134th " I, " t( i( F, 140th H, " 14th Cav. 15th " 17th " D. G. Bruce, Thomas Fish, Edmund R. Boots, Samuel Lawrence, Wm. Libby, Wm. H. Bruce, Frank A. Merrick, C. K. Chamberlin, D. Riley Hawkins, Alfred T. Cairns, Thomas L. Darragh, George E. Lehmer, Wm. J. Carson, G. L. Edwards, Jas. S. Powers, Charles W. Taylor, George Weaver, Geo. W. Kettenburg, Robert F. Mcllvaine, Silas F. Vera, John F. Price, Alex. B. Langley, 101st Reg't. Co. A. 17th Cav. " B, 5th Art'y. (f CI li tt " H, " " " C, Ind. Bat. " F, " " " H, 9th Res. " F, 10th " It cc tt tt Co. K, 10th Reg't. " B, 63d Reg't. " c. " it (I it tt " K 76th " " B, 77th " " E, " " " " 83d " BEAVER COUNTY. 30 List of Military Ofpicbks — Continued. Aaron Sullivan, ' " 92d ' Ralph Covert, Co. C, 56th, 90 David Critchlow, ' C, 100th ' days' Militia. James Caughey, ' D, " ' H. C. Patterson, " E, 56th, 90 Daniel Frazier, ( t( (( ( days' Militia. Alvin M. Reed, ' " '• ' H. W. Nelson, " H, 56th, 90 Robert J. Douthett, ' •< " • days' Militia. William F. Dawson, ■ F, 101st ' ' D. D. Johnston, " I, . 56th, 90 James A. Johnston, ( (< (( ( days' Militia. David M. Ramsy, ' " " * 0. C. Houlette, " C, 6th Mili- Joseph F. Warrick, . .. (( ( tia, 1863. B. W. Smith, ( (f t( ( S. H. Darragh, '■ F, 14th Mili- Samuel Lawrence, • G, " ' tia, 1863. James B. Kirk, ' H, " ' No attempt is made in this chapter to give a sketch of the cam- paigns in which the troops from Beaver county participated. It is suflScient to say she sent forth a large number of brave men for the various arms of the service, and that most of them operated in the eastern armies. The engagements will appear in the table of remarks appended to each company whose roster is presented, it being the desire to give as much of the history of the private soldier as possible. Other troops went from the county which are not reported in this volume. They were blended with organizations from other counties and portions of the state, and hence could not be distinguished in the reports. The following regiments were represented by Beaver county men. The 38th Regiment, 9th Reserves, three years, was organized at Camp Wright, near Pittsburgh, under Colonel Conrad F. Jackson. It operated with the army of the Potomac. Only one company, 11, was from Beaver county. The 39th Regiment, 10th Reserves, three years, was organized at Camp "Wilkins, near Pittsburgh, under Colonel John S. McCalmont. It operated with the army of the Potomac. Two companies, F and K, went from Beaver. The 63d Regiment, three years, was organized at Pittsburgh, under Colonel Alexander Hays. Company C was from Beaver. The regi- ment operated with the army of the Potomac. The 78th Regiment, three years, was organized at Camp Orr, near Kittanning, Pa., under Colonel William Sirwell. It served in the army of the Cumberland. Company G, from Beaver county, was assigned in March, 1865. The lOOth Regiment, three years, was organized by Colonel Daniel 308 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. Leasure, near Washington, D. C. It operated in the South and with the army of the Potomac. Company D was from Beaver county. The 101st Eegiment, three years, was organized at Camp Fremont, near Pittsburgh, under Colonel Joseph H. Wilson. It served with the army of the Potomac. Companies F and H went from Beaver county. The 134th Eegiment, nine months, was organized at Camp Curtin by Colonel Matthew S. Quay. It served with the army of the Potomac. Two companies, E and I, went from Beaver county. The 139th Regiment, three years, was organized at Camp Howe, near Pittsburgh, under Colonel Frederick H. Collier. It served with the army of the Potomac. The 140th Regiment, three years, was organized at Camp Curtin by Colonel Richard P. Roberts. Three companies, F, H and I, were from Beaver county. The 162d Regiment, 17th Cavalry, three years, was organized at Camp Simmons, near Harrisburgh, under Colonel Josiah Kellogg. It served with the army of the Potomac. Company A was from Beaver county.* COMPANY H, 9rH PENNSYLVANIA RESERVE, 38tH REGIMENT; RECRUITED IN beaver county. Commissioned and NonComnissionhd Officers. Jolm Cutbbertson, captain, May 24, '61; wounded at Charles City Cross Roads, June 30, 1862; resigned Dec. 8, 1862. .Tacob S. Winans, captain. May 24, '61; promoted from 1st sergeant to 1st lieu- tenant; to captain, February 28, 1863; to brevet major, March 13, 1865; mustered out with company May 12, 1864. John F. Price, 1st lieutenant, May 24, '61; resigned November 8, 1861. C. K. Chamberlin, 1st lieutenant. May 24, 1861; promoted from 1st sergeant to 2d lieutenant July 3, '61; to 1st lieutenant December 8, 1863; to brevet captain March 13, '65; mustered out with company May 12, '64. D. Riley Hawkins, 2d lieutenant, May 34, '61; promoted 1st sergeant Nov. 8, '61; to 3d lieutenant May 2, '63; to brevet 1st lieutenant March 13, 1865; mustered out with company May 12, 1864. Thomas J. Marshall, 1st sergeant, July 9, '61; promoted to 1st sergeant November 8, '61; to 2d lieutenant May 2, '63; to brevet 1st lieutenant March 13, 1865; mustered out with company May 12, '64. Joseph M, Devinney, sergeant, May 34, '61; trans, to 44th regiment P. V., Sept. 1, '61. Henry Lloyd, sergeant. May 24, '61 ; transferred to Vet. Reserve Corps, Nov. 15, '68. H. W. Blanchard, sergeant, May 24, '61; mu.stered out with company. May 12, '64. John Mitchell, sergeant. May 24, '61; promoted from corporal to sergeant Novem- ber 9, '61 ; mustered out with company May 13, '64. * The date immediately following each name in following roster indicates time of of muster into service. BEAVEE CODNTY. 311 Officers and Non-Oommissioned Officers — Continued. Jesse M. Corbus, sergeant, May 24, '61 ; prortioted from corporal to sergeant No- vember 9, 1861; mustered out with company May 13, '64. William Ashton, sergeant, May 34, '61; promoted from corporal to sergeant, No- vember 15, 1863; mustered out with company May 13, '64. William R. King, corporal, May 24,'61; discharged on surgeon's certificate Nov. 25, '63. Matthew H. Fulton, corporal. May 24, '61; discharged December 21, 1862, for wounds received at Gaines Mill, June 27, '62. James B. Andrews, corporal, May 24, '61; discharged April 7, '63, for wounds received in action. George E. Smith, corporal. May 24, '61 ; discharged March 25, '63, for wound* received in action. Irvin Campbell, corporal, Sept. 26, '61; trans, to 190th Regiment P. V., May 3, '64. Wm. C. Flemming, corporal. May 24, '61; died at Camp Pierpont, Va., Oct 18, '61. Dennis Vanlier, corporal, May 24, '61 ; killed at Antietam, September 17, '62. Samuel Forns, corporal. May 24, '61; deserted Nov. 2, '62. Marcus C. Rose, corporal. May 24, '61; mustered out with company May 12, 1864. Edward Dorian, July 34, '61; promoted to corporal September 17, 1862; mustered out with company May 13, 1864. Jos. Cuthbertson, May 24, '61; promoted to corporal March 1, 1863; mustered out with company May 12, '64. Wm. C. Thompson, corporal, May 24, '61; mustered out with company May 13, '64. William Broad, corporal. May 24, '61; mustered out with company May 12, '64. Privates. Ackleson, Mitchell, July 19, '61 ; mustered out with company May 12, '64. Allison, James, July 19, '61; mustered out with company May 12, '64. Butler, Joseph, July 19, '61; mustered out with company May 12, '64. Bennet, William, May 24, '61; mustered out with company, May 12, '64. Blanter, Christian, May 24, '61; mustered out with company. May 13, '64. Burke, William, July 19, '61; mustered out with company. May 12, '64. Butler, John B., July 29, '61; killed at Gaines Mill, June 37, '62. Broad, Moses, May 24, '61; killed at Bristoe Station, Va., December 23,' 63, by railroad accident. Beatty, Walter L., May 34, '61; killed at Antietam, September 17, '62. Crawford, James P., May 27, '61; mustered out with company May 13, '64. Conkle, George, July 16,' '61; mustered out with company May 12, '64. Craig, Walter G., Feb. 13, '64; trans, to 190th Regiment P. V.,May 3, '64. Conkle, Thomas, July 16, '61 ; deserted Nov. 2, '62. Davis, Edward K., May 24, '62; wounded at Dranesville, Dec. 30, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate — date unknown. Dimond, Thomas, May 34, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate Feb. 20, '63. Dunner, Lester, May 34, '61; transferred to gunboat service January 30, '63. Dinnwiddie, Jas. L., July 19, '61; deserted April 13, '63. Eberhart, Andrew E., June 36, '63; transferred to 190th Regiment P. V., May 3, 64. Early, Henry C, May 34, '61; discharged for wounds April 7, '63. Fankhouser, Mad'n, May 24, '61; mustered out with company May 12, '64. Fowler, William, May 24, '61; mustered out with company May 12, '64. Fleming, Robert. May 24, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate, November 37, '63. 312 histoey of beavee county. List of Privates — Continued. Pridiger, John, September 8, '63; transferred to 190th Regiment P. V., May 3, '64. Fairman, Robert, May 24, '61; transferred to gunboat service January 20, '62. Gardner, Jeremiah, July 16, '61 ; mustered out with company May 12, '64. Glass, John P., May 24, '61; mustered out with company May 12, '64. Gallaher, James W., July 19, '61; killed at Gaines' Mill, June 27, '62. Hays, Henry -A., May 24 '61; mustered out with company May 12. 1864. Hummel, David, July 3, '61; mustered out with company May 12, 1864. Hobough, Jos. v., January 1, '64; transferred to 190th Regiment P. V., May 3, '64. Hawk, John B., September 6, '62; transferred to 190th Regiment P. V.,May 3, '64. Hawk, Lewis T., July 19, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate November 25, '61. King, Jonathan, July 5, 61; mustered out with company May 12, '64. Kirker, Lorenzo C, July 14, '61; mustered out with company May 12, '64. Kirker, William, July 24, '61 ; discharged on surgeon's certificate December 22, '61. Kelso, George, July 19, '61 ; discharged for wounds April 7, '63. Lloyd, Joseph. May 24, '61; mustered out with company May 12, '64. Law, James R., July 19, '61; mustered out with company May 12, '64. Leslie, William, July 18, '61; mustered out with company May 12, '64. Lardin, William M., July 13, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate Sept. 22, '63. Lanig, John, May 24, 61; wounded and captured at Gaines.' Mills; June 27, '62; died at Richmond — date unknown. Lemmon, Robert W., May 34, '61; killed at Antietam, September 17, 1862. Laporte, Leondias, July 19, '61; died of wounds received at Bull Run, August 30, '63. Lytle, Robert S., Aug. 26, '63; transferred to 190th Regiment P. V., May 3, '64. McFerren, Miller L., May 34, '61; mustered out with company May 12, '64. McCamist, Prussia, July 24, '61; mustered out with company May 12, 1864. Musser, Jacob J., July 19, '61; mustered out with company May 13, 1864. Martin, George F., July 19, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate June 23, '62. Marquis, Albert S., May 24, '61; transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps Sept.15, 63. McClain, Samuel, Sept. 36, '61; transferred to 190th Regiment P.V., May 3, '64. Murphy, John, May 24, '61; captured June 30, 1862; died at Richmond, Va. McClain, Andrew, Sept. 26, '61; killed at Antietam Sept. 17, '62. Martin, Wm. M., July 19, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate — date unknown. Matherry, Edwin, May 24, '62; died Jan. 2, '63, of wounds received at Fredericks- burg, Dec. 13, '62. Nye, Tobias, July 19, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate Dec. 10, '63. Newell, Silas B., May 34, '61; died Dec. 23, '61, of wounds received at Dranesville Dec. 20,'61. Ness, Robert, July 9, '61; died of wounds received at South Mountain Sept 14, '62. Osburn, Edward, July 16, '61; discharged Nov. 28,'63,for wounds received in action. O'Neill, John, Feb. 13, '64; transferred to 190th Regiment P. V., May 3. '64. Palmer, Henry, May 24, '61; prisoner Nov. 28, '63; absent at muster out. Parris, William, July 5, '61 ; mustered out with company May 12, '64. Price, George A., July 19, "61; killed at Fredericksburg, Dec. 13, '63. Rheinhard, Chas., May 34, '61; mustered out with company May 13, '64. Robeson, James C, May 24, '61; musteredout with company May 13, '64. Reddy, Lewis, May 24, '61; mustered out with company May 12, '64. Ramsey, Robert, May 24, '61; mustered out with company. May 12, '64. Richards, Samuel D., July 8, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate Dec. 31, '63. Reed, William L., Sept. 26, '61; transferred to 190th Regiment P. V.,May 3, '64. beavke ucunty. 313 List op Privates — Continued. Eeed, James C, February 13, '64; transferred to 190th Regiment P. V., May 3, '64. Showalters, Stanley, May 34, '61 ; captured at Bristoe Station, Va., Oct. 15, '63, absent at muster out. Sweeny, William, July 14, '61; mustered out. with company May 11, '64. Smith, John W. D., May 24, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate Dec. 24, '61. Stanyard, John J., February 13, '64; transferred to 190th Regiment P. V.,May 3,'64. Todd, Cornelius, July 2, '61; mustered out with company May 13, '64. Townsend, Alfred, May 24, '61; discharged November 25, '62, to accept commission in United States army. Thamer, Daniel P., August 36, '63; transferred to 190th Regiment P. V.,May 3, 64. Vanlier, Joseph, July 9, '61; mustered out with company May 12, '64. Vaneman, Scott, July 5, '61; mustered out with company May 12, '64. Veon, Samuel, July 5, '61; discharged January 3, 1863, for wounds received at Charles City Cross Roads, June 30, '62. Vangorder, Alex., July 14, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate Nov! 25, '61. White, Isaiah, July 14, '61; mustered out with company May 13, '64. Wimer, Joseph, July 3, '61 ; mustered out with company May 12, '64. Welch, Archibald, July 9, '61 ; discharged for wounds received at Gaines' Mill, June 27, '62. Wright, James, August 26, '62; transferred to 190th Regiment P. V., May 3, '64. Walters, Alexander, July 3, '61; died at Alexandria, Va., Dec. 10,' 63; grave 1,523. Webb, Francis, Aug. 36, '61; died at Windmill Point, Va., February 7, '63. Wragg, Francis, July 14, '61; killed at Gaines' Mill, June 27, '63. Zeigler, Isaac, July 19, '61; mustered out with company May 12, '64. COMPANY F., 10th RESERVE, 39tH REGIMENT PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. Officers and Noncommissioned Officers. Milo R. Adams, captain, June 29, '61 : discharged Dec. 25, '63, for wounds received at Charles City Cross Roads June 30, '62. Abner Lacock, captain, June 29, '61; promoted from sergeant to 2d lieutenant August 1, 1862; to 1st lieutenant March 13, '65; mustered out with company June 11, '64. Matthew S. Quay, 1st lieutenant, June 39, '61; promoted to assistant commissary- general of Pennsylvania July 5, 1861. John L. Moore, 1st lieutenant, June 39, '61; transferred to Co. K. October 30, '61 Ephraim P. Stewart, 1st lieutenant, June 39, '61; promoted from 1st sergeant to 1st lieutenant October 14, '61; resigned August 30, '63. Joseph M. Reed, 1st lieutenant, June 29, '61; promoted from corporal to 1st lieu- tenant August 20, '63; dismissed May 6, '63. George E. Lehman, 1st lieutenant, June 39, '61; promoted from 1st sergeant to 3d lieutenant May 6, '63; to Ist lieutenant March 1, '64; mustered out with company June 11, '64. Alfred P. Cairns, 3d lieutenant, June 39, '61;-resigned November 19, '61. Thomas L. Darragh, 3d lieutenant, June 39, '61; promoted from sergeant to 3d lieutenant November 19, '61; Resigned August 30, '63. Rufus D. Cole, 1st sergeant, June 19, '61; transferred to 191st Regiment P. V., June 1, 1864; veteran. Jas. M. Moorberger, sergeant, June 19,'61; mustered out with company June 11, '64. Jas. McKee, sergeant, June 19, '61; mustered out with company June 11, '64. 314 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. Officers and Non-Oommissioned Opficbks— Coktimubd. William Olcott, sergeant, June 19, '61; transferred to 191st Regiment P. V., June 1, '64; veteran. Harrin J. Chandler, sergeant, June 19, '61 ; discharged on surgeon's certificate Dec. 13, '63. Thomas 8. Wray, corporal, June 19, '61; wounded at Wilderness May 8, '64; died at Fortress Monroe, Va. ; date unknown. James Atkinson, corporal, June 19, '61; mustered out with company June 11, '64. George McCaskey, corporal, June 19, '61; musteredout with company June 11, '64. Alexander Dawson, corporal, June 19, '61; mustered out with company Jnne 11, '64. William D. Reno, corporal, June 19, '61; mustered out with company June 11, '64. Thomas G. Evans, corporal, June 19, '61; discharged Feb. 14, 1863, for wounds received at Gaines' Mill, June 27, '62. George Bean, corporal, June 19, '61; discharged Oct. 30, '62, for wounds received at Gaines' Mill, June 27, '63. Robert H. Brown, corporal, June 19, '61; discharged on surgeon's certiiicate — date unknown. Privates. Ambrest, John, June ]9, '61; mustered out with company June 11, '64. Anderson, Fran's M., June 19, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificateMarch 5, '63. Anderson, John W.,June 19, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate Dec. 80, '62. Beuchler, Frederick, June 19, '61; mustered out with company June 11, '64. Blaine, David R. , June 19, '61 ; mustered out with companj- June 11, '64. Brown, James, June 19, '61; mustered out with company June 11, 64. Brown, Eli E., June 19, '61; mustered out with company June 11, '64. Beighley, Jas. P. K., June 3, '61; promoted to principal musician Sept. 1, '63. Beaner, James W., June 19, '61; trans, to 191st Regiment P. V.,June 1, 64; veteran. Baker, George, Sept. 8, '62; transferred to 191st Regiment P. V., June 1, 64; veteran. Batto, Daniel, Sept. 22, '62; transferred to 191st Regiment P. V.,June 1, '64; veteran. Benlz, Lewis, Dec. 8, '63; transferred to 191st Regiment P. V.,June 1, '64; veteran. Bevington, Mason, June 19, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate Dec. 16. '61. Bryan, George P., June 19, '61; killed at Gaines' Mill, June 27, '62. Cross, John W., June 19, '61; mustered out with company June 11, '64. Campbell, Robert, June 19, '61; mustered out with company June 11, '64. Carr, William C, Sept. 8, '62; transferred to 191st Regiment P. V., June 1, '64. Casselton, Guy, March 23, '64; transferred to 191st Regiment P. V., June 1, '64. Cazey, George W., June 19, '61; discharged January 11, '63, for wounds received at Antietam Sept. 17, 1862. Dawson, Benoni C, June 19, '61; mustered out with company June 11, '64. Douds, Edward H., June 19, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate Jan. 8, '63. Donovan, John, June 19, '61; discharged Jan. 17, '63, for wounds received in action. Edgar, Lemuel G., June 19, '61; transferred to 191st Regiment P. V., June 1, '64. Edgar, Joseph F., June 19, '61; transferred to 191st Regiment P. V., June 1, '64. Evans, Martin S., June 19, '61; transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps Sept. 1, '68. Elliott, Sylvester, June 19, '61 ; killed at Bull Run Aug. 30, '62. Edgar, John, Nov. 2, '61; killed at Fredericksburg Dec. 13, '63. Fish, Wallace W., June 19, '61; musteredout with company June 11, '64. Gull, Casper, June 19, '61; mustered out with company June 11, '64. Graham, W., June 19, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate Feb. '63. BEAVEB COUNTY. 315 List of Pbivatks — Continued. Gull, Henry, June 19, '61; wounded at Fredericksburg Dec. 13, '63; died at Rich- mond, Va., Dec 19, '63. Gray, Robert, June 19, '61; deserted July 1, '63. Hamilton, Wm. L., June 19, '61; mustered out with company June 11, '64. Hays, Joseph G., June 19, '61; mustered out with company June 11, '64. Hendrickson, H., Sept. 8, '63; transferred to 191st Regiment P V., June 1, '64. Hutchison, Chas., June 19, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate— date unknown. Hamilton, Samuel, June 19, '61; discharged April 37, '63, for wounds received at Fredericksburg, Dec. 13, '62. Henry, James PI., Nov. 2, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate Dec. 34, '63. Hawley, Thomas, June 19, '81; killed at Charles City Cross Roads June 30, '63. Holland, Christ B., June 19, '61; killed at Fredericksburg, Dec. 13, '63. Handy, Chauncey, June 19, '61; died Sept. 36, '62; buried at Alexandria, Va. Holder, Ralph B., June 19, '61; killed at Bull Run Ang. 29, '62. Inezour, Arthur, Sept. 8, '62; transferred to 191st Regiment P. V., June 1, '64. Jordon, James D., Sept. 8, '63; transferred to 191st Regiment P. V., June 1, '64. Jack, Robert, June 19, '61; transferred to 191st Regiment P. V., June 1, '64. Jones, John J., June 19, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate October 15, '62. Kettlewood, Wm., Sept. 10, '62; discharged on surgeon's certificate Feb. 20, '64. Merkle, Wash., June 19, '61; mustered out with company June 11, '64. Moorhead, Jas, H., April 18, '63; wounded at Wilderness May 8, '64; transferred to 191st Regiment P. V,, June 1, '64. Might, David, June 19, '61; killed at Bull Run Aug. 30, '62. McConnel, Clark, June 19, '61; mustered out with company June 11, '64. McGahey, James P., June 19, '61; wounded at Wilderness May 8, 64; mustered out with company June 11, 63. McAfee, John, March 13, '62; transferred to 191st Regiment P. V., June 1, '64. Mc William, James, June 19, '61 ; transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps Sept. 1, '63. McLaren, John P., June 19, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate Sept. 18, '63. McMillen, Hugh, June 19^ '61; killed at Bull Run Aug. 30, '63. Neville, Jason, June 19, '61; trans, to 191st Regiment P. V., June 1, '64; veteran. Neville, Edward, June 19, '61 ; trans, to Veteran Reserve Corps — date unknown. Neville, Ira, June 19, '61 ; transferred to 191st Regiment P. V., June 1, '64; veteran. Purvis, John, Sept. 6, .'63; trans, to 191st Regiment P. V., June 1, '64; veteran. Phillis, James M., June 19, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate Jan. 17, '63. Pfierfer, William H., Sept. 8, '63; wounded at Fredericksburg Dec. 13, '63; dis charged on surgeon's certificate March 9, '63. Page, John, July 13, '61 ; discharged on surgeon's certificate Jan. 6, '63. Ramsay, Cochran, June 19, '61; mustered out with company June 11, '64. Reehl, John, .June 19, '61; transferred to 191st Regiment P. V., June 1, '64. Reehl, Robert, March ^3, '64; transferred to 191st Regiment P. V., June 1, '64. Riy, Andrew, June 19, '61 ; discharged on surgeon's certificate June 13, '63, for wounds received at Gaines' Mill, June 27, '62. Reno, Hiram S., June 19, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate May 15, '63. Robinson, John W., luae 19, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate Jan. 9, '63. Ramsay, William, June 19, '61; killed at Charles City Cross Roads June 30, '62. Rowe, James J., June 19, '61; killed at Gaines' Mill, June 27, '63. Swager, Socrates J , June 19, '61; mustered out with company June 11, '64. Swager, William, J"ne 19, '61; mustered out with company June 11, '64. 316 HISTORY OF BEAVER COUNTY. List of Privates — Continded. Sutherland, D. R., June 19, '61; mustered out with company June 11, '64. Scott, James, June 19, '61; mustered out with company June 11, '64. Smart, John, June 19, '61; mustered out with company June 11, '64. Swain, John J., June 19, '61; transferred to 191st Regiment P. V., June 1, '64, by sentence of general court martial. Smith, Jacob, Aug. 33, '63; transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps Sept. 1, '63. Stewart, Joseph, June 19, '61; discharged Oct. 6, 1863, for wounds received at Charles City Cross Roads June 30, '63. Scott, Theodore W., June 19, '61; killed at Charles City Cross Roads, June 30, '63. Todd, James A., June 19, '61; mustered out with company June 11, '64. Todd, Wilbur F., Dec. 14, '63; transferred to 191st Regiment P. V., June 11, '64. TJselton, Samuel V., June 19, '61; transferred to 191st Regiment P. V., June 11, '64; veteran. Wasin, George A., private, June 19, '61; mustered out with company June 11, '64. Wilson, John P., June 19, '61; mustered out with company June II, '64. Ward, Patrick, June 19, '61; trans, to 191st Regiment P. V., June 11, 64 ; veteran. Waterhouse, J. W., June 19. '61; trans, to western gunboat service Feb. 39, 64. Wilson, James L., June 19, '61; killed at Fredericksburg Dec. 13, '63. Warnock, Daniel C, June 19, '61; killed at Bull Run Aug. 39, '63. Wray, John, June 19, '61; killed at Gaines' Mill, June 37, '63. COMPANY K, 10th RESERVE, 39tH REGIMENT, P. V. Officeks and Non-Commissionbd Officers. Samuel Miller, captain, June 30, '61; died of wounds received at Charles City Cross Roads June 30, '63. A. M. Gilkey, captain, June 20. '61; promoted from corporal to 3d lieutenant, Aug. 1, '63, mustered out with company June 11, '64. Marshall Hartshorn, 1st lieutenant, June 37, '61; resigned Oct. 31, "61. John L. Moore, 1st lieutenant, June 39, '61; promoted from 2d lieutenant of Com- pany F. to 1st lieutenant of Company K., Oct. 30, '61; wounded at Gaines' Mill, June 37, '63; discharged on surgeon's certificate Jan. 31, '63. Wm. J. Carson, 1st lieutenant, June 20, '61; promoted from 3d lieutenant to 1st lieutenant, Aug. 1, '62, discharged on surgeon's certificate June 20, '63. G. Y. Edwards, 1st lieutenant, June 30, '61; promoted from 1st sergeant to 3d lieutenant. May 16, '63, to 1st lieutenant Feb. 6, '64; mustered out with company June 11, 1864. Thos J. McCarter, 3nd lientenant, June 30, '61; resigned Sept. 30, '61. John P. Powers, 1st sergeant, June 20, '61; mustered out with company June 11, '64. James A. Anderson, 1st- sergeant, June 30, '61; wounded at Gaine's Mill June 37, '63; discharged Sept. 8, '63. Thomas J. Bartram, sergeant, June, 30. '61; wounded by guerrillas Feb. 13, '64; absent in hospital at muster out. Richard L. Hudson, sergeant, June 20, '61; mustered out with company June 11, '64. James McGeehon, sergeant, June 30, '61; mustered out with company June 11, '64. Samuel T. Parks, sergeant, June 20, '61; wounded at Wilderness, May 6, '64; absent at muster out, in hospital. Milton R. Young, sergeant, June 30, '61; captured at Fredricksburg, Dec. 13, '53; died at Richmond, Va. Dec. 35, '63. BEAVEE COUNTY. 317 Officehs and Non-Commissioked Officers — Contikued. Stephen A. Lowry, sergeant, June 20, '61; deserted Sept. 15, '62. George D. Andrews, corporal, June 20, '61; wounded in action, May 15, '64 absent in hospital at muster out. William Shannon, corporal, June 20, '61; mustered out with company June 11, '64, Robert Miller, corporal, June 20, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate Sept. 30, '61. James McClelland, corporal, June 20, '61 ; wounded at Charles City Cross Roads,. June 30, '63; discharged on surgeon's certificate Oct. 27, '63. Jacob Kagarise, corporal, June 20, '61; transferred to Company C, 5th United States Artillery, Nov. 20, '63. Samuel Elder, corporal, June 30, '61; trans, to veteran reserve corps, July 1, '63. James W. Reed, corporal, June 30, '61; transferred to 191st regiment Pa. Vols. June 1, '64; veteran. William H. Anderson, corporal, June 20, '61; transferred to 191st regiment. Pa. Vols. June 1, '64; veteran. Richard W. Baker, corporal, June 20, '61; transferred to 191st regiment, Pa, Vols. June 1, '64; veteran. Charles W. Crawford, corporal, June 20, '61; killed at Gaines' Mill June 27, '62. Jon. P. McCready, musician, June 20, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate Jan. 20, '63. Robert J. Cready, musician, June 20, '61; discharged by order of Secretary of War, Aug. 31, '63. Privates. Allen Charles, .Tune 20, 61 ; transferred to veteran reserve corps Oct. 10, '63. Anderson James A., June 20, '61; transferred to 191st regiment, P. V., June 1, '64; veteran. Anderson, Albert, June 20, '61; transferred to 191st regiment, P. V., June 1, '64. Bannon, Michael, private, June 20, '61; mustered out with company June 11, '64. Barnes, Hugh, June 20, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate May 5, '62. Bartram, George W., June 20, '61; transferred to Company C, 5th U-nited States Artillery, Nov. 20, '63. Barber, William, Feb. 35, '63; discharged on surgeon's certificate Nov. 14, '63. Bush, William, Sept. 1, '61; transferred to veteran reserve corps Feb. 11, '64. Barnes, Hugh G., June 20, '61; trans, to 191st regiment, P. V., June 1, '64; veteran. Bartram, And. J., Feb. 25, '63; transferred to 191st regiment, P. V., June 1, '64. Bussinger, Daniel W., June 30, '61; trans, to 191st reg. P. V., June 1, '64; veteran. Boyd, John, July 10, '61; killed at Bull Run Aug. 30, '62. Calvin, Peter Y. , June 20, '61; mustered out with company June 11, '64. Courtney, M. W., June 20, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate Jan. 16, '63. Davis, Thomas, July 10, '61; mustered out with company June 11, '64. Davidson, Robert, July 5, 61; mustered out with company June 11, '64. Donaldson, Henry, Feb. 37, '64; transferred to 191st regiment, P. V., June 1, '64. Fosnaught, Joseph, July 6, '61; mustered out with company June 11, '64. Fosnaught, Barney, Dec. 28, '61 ; discharged on surgeon's certificate Dec. 29, '61. Fry, R3ubsn H , June 20, '61; trans, to 191st regiment, P. V., June 1, 64; veteran. Furguson, Clark, June 20, '61; died Aprils, '63. Gilkey, Francis W., June 20, '61; wounded at Fredericksburg, Dec. 13, '62; dis- charged on surgeon's certificate June 39, '63. 318 HISTORY OF 15EAVEK COUNTY. List of Privatbs — Continued. Hudson, Ralph E., June 20, '61; mustered out witli company June 11,. '64. Hoon, Thomas J., February 35, '63; discharged on surgeon's certificate June 18, '63. Hum, George, Dec. 37, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate Nov; 30, '63. Hum, Levi,Dec. 37, '61; trans, to Battery C, 5th United States Artillery, Nov. 30/ '63. Howills, Daaiel H., July 10, '61 ; wounded at Gaines' Mill, June 37, 1863; discharged on surgeon's certificate Sept. 13, '63. Huston, John, Feb. 37, '64; transferred to 19l8t regiment, P. V., June 1, '64. _ Imbrie, David, February 36, '63; wounded at Gaines' Mill, June 37, '63; discharged on surgeon's certificate Nov. 87, '62. Imbrie, Jeremiah R., June 20, '61; discharged February 11, 1864, by order of Secretary of War, to accept promotion. Irvin, James, June 20, '61; killed at Mechanicsville June 36, 1863. Johnston, John A., June 20, '61; wounded at Gaines' Mill June 37, '62; discharged on surgeon's certificate Jan. 6, '63. Laughlin, Hugh, June 30, '61; mustered out with company June 11, '64. Lowry, Peter Y., June 30, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate Dec. 13, '61. Lightuer, "William, June 30, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate March 37, '63. Lightuer, Josiah, Oct. 37, '61; wounded at Gaines' Mill, June 27, 62; discharged on surgeon's certificate Jan. 31, '63. Lambright, Samuel, ii'eb. 25, '62; transferred to 191st regiment, P. V., June 1,'64. Lightner, George, Oct. 37, '61; deserted Aug. 30, '63. Marshall, Robert, June 20, '61; mustered out with company June 11, '64. Marks, Alfred, June 20, '61 ; mustered out with company June 11, '64. Morris, George W., June 30, '61; mustered rut with company June 11, '64. Miller, Boney, June 30, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate Dec. 13, '61. Miller, Moses, June 30, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate Nov. 34, '63. Miller, Andrew J., Feb. 10, '62; transferred to 191st regiment, P. V., June 1, '64. Miller, Edward, June 20, '61; trans, to 191st regiment, P. V., June 1, '64; veteran. Mershimer, Samuel, G., June 20, '61; killed at Bull Run August 29, '62. McAdams, Franklin, June 20, '61; mustered out with company June 11, '64. McCowin, Thompson, June 20, '61; mustered out with company June 11, '64. McKinney, John E., June 30, '61; mustered out with comyany June 11, '64. Mc Williams, Jos., June 30, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate August 4, '61. McAnlis, James P., June 30, '61; transferred to Battery C, 5th United States Ar- tillery, Nov. 30, '63. McKeogh, .James, Oct. 27, '61; wounded at Gaines' Mill, June 37, '63; discharged on surgeon's certificate Oct. 11, '63. McCluren, John D., June 30, '61; trans, to 191st regiment, P.V., June 1. '64; veteran. McMullen, John, IMarch 4, '63; transferred to 191st regiment, P. V., June 1, '64. McMillen, Joseph, November 3, '63; transferred to 191st regiment, P.V., June 1,'64. McClaren, Robert, Nov. 30, '61; killed at Bull Run, Aug 30, '62. McClure, Josephus, Nov. 20, '61; killed at Gaines' Mill, June 37, '63. Nicely, Stephen, Feb. 3, '63; transferred to 191st regiment, P. "V"., Junel, '64. Newgen, -John, July 21, '61; prisoner; died at Richmond, Va., Aug. '63. Parks, Darius W., June 30, '61; wounded at Wilderness May' 8, '64; mustered out with company June 11, '64. " Park, .James, June 30, '61 ; mustered out with company June 11, '64. Parret, Richard S., June 20, '61; mustered out with company June 11, '64. Peirce, Caleb, June 30, '61; mustered out with company June 11, '64.' "^^5^-5%is?5^ BEAVEE COUNTY. 321 List op Privates. — Continued. Powell, William, June 20, '61; mustered out with company June 11, '64. Powers, James C, March 32, '63; transferred to 191st regiment P. V., June 1, '64. Park, George W., Jan. 15, '64; transferred to 191st regiment, P. Y., June 1, '64. Perry, Robert, June 30, '61; accidentally killed while on duty, Sept. 10, '61. Reed, Wm. H. H., Jan. 4, '64; transferred to 191st regiment, P. V.,June 1, '64. Reed, John W., Jan. 4, '64; transferred to 191st regiment, P. V., June 1, '64. Swank, Emanuel, June 30 '61; mustered out with company June 11, '64. Swank, Benjamin, Oct. 27, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate May 5, '62. Shannon, Curtis R., June 30, '61; woundedat Gaines' Mill June 37,' 63; discharged on surgeon's certificate Jan. 10, '63. Schultz, William, March 6, '62; transferred to Battery C, 5th United States Ar- tillery, Nov. 30, '62. Swaggers, Emery, June 30,'61; transferred to 3d United States Artillery Oct. 11, '63. Streiby, Samuel M., June 30, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate Dec; 13, '61. Vankirk, Archibald, June 30, '61; mustered out with company June 11, '64. Vankirk, Arthur, March 20, '63; captured at Charles City Cross Roads, June 30, '63; died at Richmond, Va., — date unknown. Wallace Wm. B., Sept. 2, '63; transferred to 191st regiment, P. V., June 1, '64. Weeby, William, June 30, '61; died, date unknown, of wounds received at Wilder- ness, May, '64: veteran. Young, John M., deserted May 10, '63. COMPANY C, 63d EEGIMENT PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEEES THEEE YEAEs' SEEVICE. Officers and Non-Commissioned Officebs. Jason R. Hanna, captain, Aug. 1, '61; resigned June 15, '63. Charles W. Taylor, captain, Aug. 1, '61; promoted from 2d lieutenant to captain July 36,'63; discharged same day. George W. Gray, captain, Sept. 12, '61; promoted from Isf lieutenant company I to captain July 36, '63; resigned Nov. 10, '62. George Weaver, captain, Aug. 1, '61; promoted to 1st sergeant March 3, '63; to 3d lieutenant June 16, '63; to captain Feb. 37, '63; mustered out with company Aug. 1, '64. Joseph A. Shonlaw, 1st lieutenant, Aug. 1, '61; resigned Feb. 13, '63. James S. Wilson, 1st lieutenant, Aug. 1, '61; promoted to 1st lieutenant Sept. 1, '63; wounded in action; mustered out Sept 9, '64. Robert Darragh, 1st lieutenant, Aug. 33, '61; promoted from corporal to sergeant March 14, '63, to 1st lieutenant June 16; discharged Jan; 1, '63. Geo. W. Kettenburg, 3d lieutenant, August 23, '61; promoted to Ist sergeant Feb. 27, '63; to 2d lieutenant, May 19, '63; mustered out with company Aug. 1, '64. Henry Kelley, 1st sergeant, August 23, '61; promoted to corporal March 12, '62; to sergeant June, '62; to 1st sergeant Sept. 12, '63; wounded at Wilderness, Va., May 5, '64; absent at muster out. Henry Hurst, 1st sergeant, Aug. 23, '61; killed at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, '63. David H. Gibson, Aug. 1, '61; promoted to sergeant Sept. 1, '63; mustered out wit> company Aug, 1, '64. Henry Kettenburg, Aug, 33, '61; promoted to sergeant Sept. 1, '63; mustered out with company Aug. 1, '64. 18 322 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. Officers and Non-commissioned Officbks — Continued. Richard Gt. Warden, sergeant, Jan. 4, '64; wounded at Wilderness May 6, '64; trans- ferred to Company C, 99th regiment. Pa. Vol. ; veteran. Milo M. Boyle, sergeant, Aug. 33, '61; killed at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, '63. Frank L. Graham, sergeant, Aug. 28, '61; promoted to corporalJune 16, '63; to sergeant May 19, '63; died August 15, '63, of wounds received in action; buried in Mili- tary Asylum cemetery, D. C. John Bush, sergeant, Aug. 1, '61; prisoner from May 10 to Nov. 30, '64; mustered out Dec. 6, '64. Matthew Shope, sergeant, Jan. 4, '64; promoted to corporal May 19, '63; to sergeant May 39, '63; died — date unknown; veteran. David Lessig, corporal, August 33, '61; mustered out with company Aug. 1, '64. James R. Temple, corporal, Aug. 1, '61; mustered out with company Aug. 1, 64. Samuel L. Fridiger, Aug. 33, '61; promoted to corporal March 14, '63; wounded at Wilderness, Va., May 7, '64; absent at muster out. Samuel Hart, Aug. 1, '61 ; promoted .to corporal Sept. 18, '63; wounded at Peters- burg, Va., June 33, '64; absent at muster out. Josiah Kapple, Aug. 33, '61; promoted to corporal Sept. 18, '68; wounded at Wilderness, Va., May 5, '64; absent at muster out. George Warden, corporal, Jan. 4, '64; wounded at Wilderness, Va., May 5, '64; transferred to Company C, 99th regiment. Pa. Vol.; veteran. Daniel Stone, corporal, Aug. 1, '61; discharged — date unknown. John Stone, corporal, Aug. 1, '61; killed at Bull Run, Va., Aug. 29, '63; buried in National cemetery, Arlington, Va., block 3, section E, row 15, grave 63. Wm. H. Patterson, corporal, Aug. 1, '61; died July 9, '63. Charles Cross, musician, Dec. 35, '63; transferred to Company C, 99th regiment,Pa. Vols.; veteran. Andrew Stedham, musician, Dec. 35, '63; transferred to Company C, 99th regiment. Pa. Vols. ; veteran. Privates. Ashbaugh, John, July 17, '63; discharged; transferred to Company C, 99th regiment Pa. Vols. Aleman, Henry, Aug. 1, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate Nov. 19, '61. Alexander, Jos. B., Aug. 1, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate Jan. 38, '63. Allison, Robert, Aug. 1, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate Oct. 30, '63. Andrew, Thomas, , Aug. 1, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate Sept. 35, '63. ' Brown, George A., July 16, '63; discharged; wounded July 16, '64; transferred to Company C, 99th regiment. Pa. Vols. Bush, Levi, Sept. 7, '63; discharged; trans, to Company C, 99th regiment. Pa. Vols. Brooks, Charles L , Sept. 9, '63; discharged; transferred t o company C, 99th regi- ment, Pa. Vols. Booser, Daniel, Aug. 1, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate March 8, '63. Broad, Esau, Aug. 1, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate April 14, '62. Brooks, Thomas, Aug. 1, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate July 6, '63. Bliss, William, Aug. 1, '61; died Sept. 39, '62; buried in Military Asylum cemetery, D. C. Broad, Louis, Aug. 1, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate March 25, '63. Bammer, John, Sept. 9, '63; deserted; captured at Spottsylvania C. H., May 12, '64. Brown, Samuel, August 1, '61; transferred to veteran reserve corps, Nov. 11, '63. BBAVEE wOOUNTY. 323 List of Pbivates — Continued. Cannon, James, Aug. 33, '61; mustered out "with company Aug. 1, '64. Cole, Garrison, Aug. 33, '61; mustered out with company Aug. 1, 64. Castler, George, Aug. 1, '61; wounded June 16, '64; absent at muster out. Childs, William, Aug. 1, '61; wounded at Spottsylvania, C. H., May 13, '64; absent at muster out. Carnerry, Craig, July 13, '63; drafted; trans, to Company C, 99th regiment.Pa.Vols. Church, John C, July 11, '63; drafted; trans, to Company C, 99th reg. Pa. Vols. Chapman, Luke, Aug. 1, '61; died Oct. 20, 1863. Craver, John, Aug. '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate Oct. 39, '63. Depew, Samuel, Aug. 1, '61; mustered out with company Aug. 1, '64. Diamond, Thomas, Aug. 1, '61; died Jan. 32, '63. Davis, Henfy E., Aug. 1, '61; died at Annapolis, Md., June 11, '64. Davis, Kichard T., Aug. 1, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate Nov. 7, '63. Davis, Joseph. August 1, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate March 8, '63. Day, James, Sept. 8, '63; drafted; trans, to. Company C, 99th reigment, Pa. Vols. Devanny, James, July 16, '63; drafted; captured June 22, '64; transferred to Company C, 99th regiment, Pa. Vols. Douds, Robert C, Aug. 1, '61; transferred to veteran reserve corps, Nov. 11, 63. Eicher, Andrew, July 16, '63; drafted; trans, to Company C, 99th reg. Pa. Vols. Early, James, Aug. 1, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate Nov. 19, '61. Bcoff, AsaB., Aug. 1, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate — date unknown. Felter, William H., Feb. 27, '64; trans, to Company C, 99th regiment, Pa. Vols. Funkhouser, George D., Jan. 4, '64; trans, to Company C, 99th reg. Pa. Vols.; vet. Frink, Orrin A., Aug. 1, '61; deserted July 3, '62. Garner, Thomas, Aug. 1,'61; mustered out with company Aug. 1, '64. Garbenstine, Wm., Aug. 1, '61; mustered out with company Aug. 1, '64. Graham, George W., Aug. 1, '61; absent, sick atmuster out. Gibson, George, Aug. 1, '61; discharged July 21, '62. Glass, David A., Aug. 1, '61; discharged Dec. 29, '62. -Hess, Henry, Aug. 1, '61; mustered out with company Aug. 1, '64. Hunter, George W., Aug. 23, '61; absent, sick at muster out. Harrison, Samuel Sr., July 10, '68; wounded May 26, '64; transferred to Company C, 99th regiment. Pa. Vol?. Hayden, Miles, Feb. 34, '64; transferred to Company C. 99th regiment. Pa. Vols. Hager, John, July 16, '63; drafted; trans, to Company C, 99th regiment Pa. Vols. Hager, Ami, July 16, '63; drafted; trans, to Company C, 99th regiment. Pa. Vols. Hileman^ Lee, Sept. 16, '63; drafted; trans, to Company C,99th regiment Pa. Vols. Hamma, William, Jan. 4, '64; transferred to Company C, 99th regiment. Pa. Vols. Hamma, Henry, Jan. 4, '64; wounded at Spottsylvania C. H., May 12, '64; trans- ferred to Company C, 99th regiment. Pa. Vols. ; veteran. Hoops, Joseph M., Aug. 1, '61; killed in action June 22, '64. Hays, James H., Aug. 1, '61; killed at Fair Oaks, Va., May, 31, '63. Hughes, Benjamin, Sept. 9,'61; discharged on surgeon's certificate Nov. 19, '61. Hayles, David, Sept. 9, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate Dec. 13, '61. Harrison, Samuel Jr., Aug. 1. '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate April 14, '63. Hunter, Robert, Aug. 1, '61; captured; trans, to Company C, 99th reg. Pa. Vols. Isaman, John, .July 18, '63; drafted; trans, to Company C, 99th regiment. Pa. Vols. Jacobs, Peter, Sept. 5, '63; drafted; died Dec. 6, '63. Kiddie, David, July 11, '63; drafted; trans, to Company C, 99th reg. Pa. Vols. 324 histoey of beavee co0nty. List of Privates — Continued. Keys, John C. F., Sept. 8, '63; drafted; died Dec. 6, 1863; buried in Military Asylum cemetery, D. C. Kidd, Benj. F., Aug. 1, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate Nov. 29, '62. Long, Alexander, Aug. 1, '61; mustered out with company Aug. 1, '64. Lanning, William, Aug. 33, '61; wounded at Wilderness, Va., May 7, '64; absent at muster out. Lowrie, Augustus, Aug. 1, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate Nov. 1, '63. Marquis, Edwin, July 24, '63; drafted; trans, to Company C, 99th reg. Pa. Vols. Miller, Daniel, July 7, '63; drafted; died Jan. 18, '64. Miller Charles W., Aug 1, '61; killed inaction June 30, 1864. Mitchell, Thomas, Ang. 1, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate Aug. 4, '63. Maratto, Hinds, Aug. 1, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate Feb. 5, '62. Miller, John F., Aug. 1, '61; trans, to United States signal corps Jan. 12, '64. Merryman, William, Aug. 1, '61: trans, to veteran reserve corps Feb. 10, '64. Molter, Jonas C, Aug. 39, '63: trans, to veteran reserve corps Nov. 1, '64. M'Daniel, Baxter, Aug. 1, '61; mustered out with company Aug. 1, '64. M'Laughlin, S. C, Sept. 9, '61; absent, sick at muster out. Nelson, Joseph, Aug. 1, '61; mustered out with company Aug 1, '64. Osborn, Joseph R., Jan. 4, '64; trans, to Company C, 99th reg. Pa. Vols.; veteran. Preston, Robert, Aug. 1, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate Dec. 15, '63., Reno, Charles, Aug. 1, '61; mustered out with company Aug. 1, '64. Rouse, Frederick, Aug. 1, '61; mustered out with company Aug. 1, '64. Riggle, Abraham J., July 37, '63; drafted, trans, to Company C, 99th reg. Pa. Vols. Reed, Samuel C, Aug. 1, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate Feb. 19, '63. Reed, Benjamin F. , Aug. 1, '61 ; prisoner May 12 to Nov. 30, '64;discharged Dec. 6, '64. Smith, Jacob, Aug. 1, '61; mustered out with company, Aug. 1, '64. Shiffhoer, Henry, Aug, 1, '61; wounded May 31, '62; absent at muster out. Sannit, George, Aug. 1, '61; wounded at Spottsylvania C. H., May 13, '64 ; absent at muster out. Sarver, Daniel, Aug. 33, '62; trans, to Company C, 99th regiment. Pa. Vols. Shagel, David, July 18, '63; drafted; wounded at Wilderness, Va., May 6, '64; transferred to Company C, 99th regiment. Pa. Vols. Stitt, Emery E., July 17, '63; drafted; trans, to Company C, 99th reg.. Pa. Vols. Smith, John, July 11, '63; drafted; trans, to Company C, 99th reg.. Pa. Vols. Smith, William C, July 17, '63; drafted; trans, to Company C, 99th reg.. Pa. Vols. Stokes, George, Feb. 39, '64; trans, to Company C, 99th reg. Pa. Vols. ;' Vet. Scott, Hugh, Aug. 1, '61; died December 13, '62. Shupe, John, July 16, '63; drafted; died in Philadelphia, Pa., July 16, '64. Shultz, John, Aug. 1, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate, July 15, '63. Shook, John, Aug. 1, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate, Dec, '63. Sampson, Thomas, Aug. 1, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate April, 3, '63. Stedham, John, Aug. 1, '61; captured May 31. '64; transferred to Company C, 99th regiment. Pa. Vols. Thompson, John, Aug. 1, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate March 10, '62. Till, Robert, Aug. 1, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate Oct. 30, '63 Van Pelt, Charles W., Sept. 9, '63; drafted; killed at Spottsylvania ' C. H., May 13, '64; buried in Wilderness burying ground. Vogle, John, Aug. 1, '61; prisoner May 12 to Oct. 30, '64; mustered out Dec 6 '64 Wilson, Thomas F.,Feb. 29, 64; trans, to Company C, 99th regiment. Pa. Vols. BEATEE OOTmXY. 325 List op Privates — Coktinubd. "Wilson, John A. L., Marcli 35, '64; transferred to Company 0, 99th reg. Pa. Vol. Walker, Alexander, Sept. 9, '63; drafted; trans, to Company C, 99th reg. Pa. Vols. "Wilson, William B., Aug. 1, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate Oct 20, '63. Watteson, John, Aug. 1, 1861; discharged on surgeon's certificate April 30, 63. Woods, John, Aug. 1, '61; transferred to veteran reserve corps, Nov. 11, '63. company g, seventy-eighth, p. v. Officers and Non-Commissionbd Officers. David S. Cook, captain, March 2, '65; mustered out veith company Sept 11, '65. Isaac Reno. 1st lieutenant, March 3, '65; resigned May 37, '65. James Cowden, 1st lieutenant, March 2, '65; promoted from 3d lieutenant July 1, '65 ; mustered out with company Sept. 11, '65. Benjamin Craven, 3d lieutenant, Feb. 37, '65; promoted from 1st sergeant July 1, '65: mustered out with company Sept. 11. '65. Forbes J. Wylie, 1st sergeant, Feb. 37, '65; promoted to sergeant March 3, '65; to 1st sergeant July 1, '65 ; mustered out with company Sept. 11, '65. Alex. S. Anderson, sergeant, Feb. 27, '65; promoted to corporal March 3, '65 ; to ser- geant March 3, '65; mustered out with company Sept. 11, '65. William J. Woods, March 13, '65; promoted to sergeant March, 27, '65; mustered out with company Sept, 11, '65. Samuel White, sergeant, Feb. 37, '65; promoted to corporal March 3, '65; to sergeant July 1, '65; mustered out with company Sept. 11, '65. J. W. Strawbridge, sergeant, Feb. 27, '65; promoted to corporal March 3, '65; to sergeant Aug. 13, '65; mustered out with company Sept. 11, '65. William A. Tail, sergeant, Feb. 37, '65; discharged by general order Aug. 11, '65. John G. Branyan, Feb. 37, '65; promoted to corporal March 2, '65; mustered out with company Sept. 11, '65. Lewis F. Demmler, Feb. 37, '65; promoted to corporal March 2, '65; mustered out with company Sept. 11, '65. Wm. F. Brannan, Feb. 37, '65; promoted to corporal March 3, '65; mustered out with company Sept. 11, '65. Samuel M. Brown, Feb. 25, '65; promoted to corporal March 3, '65; absent, sick at muster out. James Hoi ton, Feb. 37, '65; promoted to corporal May 37, 1865; mustered out with company Sept. 11, '65. Eobert Savage, Feb. 27, '65; promoted to corporal July 1, '65; mustered out with company Sept. 11, '65. Joseph Frazier, Feb. 27, '65; promoted to corporal July 1, '65; mustered out with company Sept. 11, '65. John 0. Ashton, Feb. 27, '65; promoted to corporal Aug. 13, '65; mustered out with company Sept. 11, '65. James H. Smith, corporal, Feb. 37, '65; discharged by general order May 17, '65. David M. Clark, musician, Feb. 37, '65; mustered out with company Sept., '65. Edwin Ayers, musician, Feb. 27, '65; discharged by general order Aug. 7, '65. Privates. Ashton, Stephen M., Feb. 27, '65; mustered out with company Sept. 11, '65. Aley, Isaiah, Feb. 27, '65; discharged by general order Sept. 18, '65. 326 HISTOET OF BEAVEK COTTNTy. List op Pmvatbs — Contenued. Anderson, David M., Feb. 37, '65; discharged by general order Sept. 9, '65. Anderson, John, Feb. 37, '65; mustered out with company Sept. 11, '65. Alcorn, Henry H., Feb. 37, '65; mustered out with company Sept. 11, '65. Anderson, William, Feb. 14, '65; mustered out with company Sept. 11, '65. Armstrong, B. H., Feb. 37, '65; discharged by general order June 8, '65. Arnold, Cyrus, Feb. 37, '65; discharged by general order June 13, '65 Bolluer, H. P., Feb. 37, '65; absent, sick at muster out. Banford, Thomas, Feb. 37, '65; mustered out with company Sept. 11, '65. Blume, Christopher, Feb. 37, '65; discharged by general order Sept, 9, '65. Barr, Henry, Feb. 37, '65; mustered out with company Sept. 11, '65. Burford, Andrew J., Feb. 14, '65; discharged by general order May 30, '65. Bown, George H., Feb. 37, '65; discharged by general order June 3, '65. Bennet, Lemuel, Feb. 37, '65; died at Nashville, Tenn., July 31, '65. Byres, William, Feb. 37, '65; died at Nashville, Tenn., Aug. 35, '65. Cronan, Dennis K., Feb. 35, '65; mustered out with company' Sept. 11, '65. Carus, William, April 3, '65; mustered out with company Sept. 11, '65. Christman, Frederick, March 17, '65; discharged by general order May 31, '65. Craven, James, Feb. 37, '65; discharged by general order June 13, '65. Crawford, William N., Feb. 37, '65; died at Nashville, Tenn., April 15, '65. Cissnia, James A., March 4, '65; died at Nashville, Tenn., April 33, '65. Davis, Calvin, Feb. 37, '65; absent, sick at muster out. Dow, Franklin K., Feb. 37, '65; mustered out with company Sept. 11, '65. DefEenbaugh, H. N., March 3, '65; mustered out with company Sept. 11, '65. Dougherty, Jno. W., March 6, '65; mustered out with company Sept. 11, '65. Drake, John T., March 3, '65; mustered out with company Sept. 11, '65. Evans, John, Feb. 37, '65; discharged by general order May 33, '65. Fees, John C, Feb. 27, '65; absent, sick at muster out. Frazier, John T., Feb. 37, '65; mustered out with company Sept. 11, '65. Filbert, John, Feb. 37, '65; mustered out with company Sept. 11, '65. Foster, Richard L., Feb. 8, '65; absent, by sentence of general court martial at mus- ter out. Fleming, Joseph J., March 23, '65; mustered out with company Sept. 11, '65. Feazel, John, Feb. 37, '65; discharged by general order May 21, '65. Feazel, George W., Feb; 37, '65; discharged by general order July 30, '65. Frazier, John, Feb. 37, '65; discharged by general order June 8, '65. Forbes, J. W., March 15, '65; not on muster-out roll. Hardman, David, Feb. 35, '65; mustered out with company Sept. 11, '65. Hamilton, John, Feb. 28, '65; mustered out with company Sept. 11, '65. Hosey, James, Feb. 36, '65; mustered out with company Sept. 11, '65. Hoffman, John D., March 18, '65; mustered out with company Sept. 11, '65. Horn, Simon, Feb. 8, '65; discharged by general order May 19, '65. Irwin, William, Feb. 38, '65; mustered out with company Sept. 11, '65. James, William, Feb. 37, '65, mustered out with company Sept. 11, '65. Kirk, Frank D., Feb. 37, '65; mustered our with company Sept. 11, '65. Kirk, George, Feb. 27, '65; mustered out with company Sept. 11, '65. Knox, Alexander, Feb. 37, '65; mustered out with company Sept; 11, '65. Linder, Edgar, Feb. 25, '65; mustered out with company Sept. 11, '65. Luce, John, Feb. 37, '75; mustered out with company Sept. 11, '65. Lynch, George, Feb. 25, '65; mustered out with company Sept. 11, '65. BEAVER COUNTY. 327 List of Privates — Contikukd. Lloyd, Joseph J., Feb. 35, '65; mustered out with company Sept. 11, '65. Lynch, James, Feb. 35, '65; mustered out with company Sept. 11, '65. Libengood, Henry, March 4, '65; discharged by general order June 3, '65. Laffln, Michael, Feb. 27, '65; discharged on surgeon's certificate June 8, '65. Mars, Benjamin, Feb. 37, '65; mustered out with company Sept. 11, '65. Mars, George, Feb. 37, '65; mustered out with company Sept. 11, 65. Merchant, Frederick, Feb. 37, '65; mustered out with company Sep. 11, '65. Moses, Adam, Feb, 15, '65; mustered out with company Sept. 11, '65. Meaner, George W., Feb. 27, '65; discharged by general order May 27, '65. Milligan, John, March 15, '65; died at Nashville, Tenn., June 3, '65. McGlure, Roberts., Feb. 37, '65; mustered out with company Sept. 11, '65. McKee, Thomas, Feb. 37, '65; mustered out with company Sept. 11, '65. McConahy, William J., Feb. 37, '65; mustered out with company Sept. 11, '65. McGown, John S , Feb. 27, '65; mustered out with company Sept. 11, '65 McGown, Lawrence J., Feb. 37, '65; mustered out with company Sept. 11, '65. McClure, JohnH., April 3, '65; mustered out with company Sept. 11, '65. Nickerson, Jacob, Feb. 37, '65; discharged by general order June 12, '65. Peters, Robert, Feb. 27, '65; deserted March 8, '65. Rudisill, William, Feb. 25, '65; mustered out with company Sept. 11, '65. Sims, William B., Feb. 28, '65; mustered out with company Sept. 11, '65. Smith, William, Feb. 37, '65; mustered out with company Sept. 11 '65. Shields, Samuel, Feb. 37, '65; mustered out with company Sept. 11, '65. Swartzlander, Levi, March 31, 65; mustered out with company Sept. 11, '65. Sample, Sidney, March 18, '65; mustered out with company Sept. 11, '65. Shull, Alfred L., March 33, '65; mustered out with company Sept. 11, 65. Swagger, Jesse B., April 3, '65; discharged by general order Sept. 9, '65. Snedeker, Albert E., Feb, 27, '65; discharged by general order May 23, '65. Stuchell, William A., March 4, '65; discharged by general order May 33, '65. Smith, Daniel, Feb. 27, '65; discharged by general order May 27, '65. Shafer, Lewis C., Sept. 13, '64; discharged by general order June 19, 65. Shafer, Israel, Sept. 13, '64; discharged by general order June 19, '65. Smith, William A., Sept. 13, '64; discharged by general order June 19, '65. Thompson, John L., Feb. 27, '65; mustered out with company Sept. 11, '65. Taylor, Thomas, Feb .37, '65; mustered out with company Sept. 11, '65. Thompson, Calvin G., Feb 37, '65; mustered out with company Sept. 11, '65. Thompson, John, Feb. 30, '65; discharged by general order June 2 ^'65. Vogel, Philip, March 7, '65; mustered out with company Sept, 11, '65. Wise, Christopher C, Feb. 28, '65; mustered out with company Sept. 11, '65. Walters, Joseph, Feb. 37, '65; mustered out with company Sept. 11, '65. Walker, Andrew M., Feb. 27, '65; mustered out with company Sept 11, '65. Wilson, John, March 2, '65; mustered out with company Sept. 11, '65. Wise, John M., Feb. 27, '65 ; discharged by eneral order May 25, '65. Zediker, Levi,Feb. 37, '65; mustered out with company Sept. 11, '65. COMPANY D, 100th EEGIMENT, P. V. Officers and Non-Commissionbd Officmbs. William 0. Shurlock, captain, Aug. 31, '61; resigned Dec. 16, 1861. 328 histoey of beavbe county. Officers and Non-Commissionbd Officers — Continued. Thomas J. Hamilton, captain, Aug. 31, '61; promoted from 1st lieutenant to captain Dec. 10, '61; to major May 21, '64. John L. Johnston, captain, Aug. 31. '61; promoted to sergeant , May 15, '63; to Sd lieutenant June 24, '64; to captain Jan. 37, '65; prisoner July 30 to Aug. 38, '64; wounded at Cedar Creek, Va., October 19, '64; mustered out with company July 24, '65; veteran. James M. Calhoun, Ist lieutenant, Aug. 31, '61; promoted from 1st sergeant Dec. 10, '61; resigned March 1, '64. William F. Lyon, 1st lieutenant, Sept. 9, '61; promoted to sergeant Nov. 15, '62; to 1st lieutenant May 22, '64; commissioned captain June 15, 64; not mustered; resigned Dec. 12, '64; veteran. John C. Hart, 1st lieutenant, Aug. 31, '61; promoted to sergeant May 15, '63; to Ist lieutenant, Jan. 28, '65; wounded at Petersburg, Va., March 25, '65; mustered out with company July 24, '65; veteran. James R. Caughey, 3d lieutenant, Aug. 31, '61; resigned Dec. 16, '61. Daniel Frazier, 2d lieutenant, Sept. 5, '61; promoted to corporal Nov. '61; to 2d lieutenant Dec. 17, '61; resigned July 13, '63. Alvin M. Keed, Sept. 13, '61; promoted to 3d lieutenant June 14, '63; wounded in action Nov. 18, '63; commissioned jst lieutenant March 10, '64. Robert J. Douthitt, 2d lieutenant, Aug. 81, '61; captain May 2, '64; not mus- tered; resigned June 14, '64; promoted to corporal May 16, '63; to sergeant Nov. 1, '63; to 2d lieutenant March 18, '65; wounded in action Nov. '16, '68; mustered out with company July 34, '65; veteran. Thompson Baker, Dec. 36, '61; promoted to 1st sergeant March 17, '65; mustered out with company July 34, '65; veteran. Ship'n N. Douthitt; 1st sergeant, Aug. 38, '61; mustered out Aug. 30, '64; expiration of term. Wm. H. Huffman, sergeant, Sept. 13, '61; prisoner Aug. 21, '64, to Feb. '65; mus- tered out with company July 24, '65; veteran. Robert D. Dawson, sergeant, Sept. 13, '61; mustered out with company July 24, '65; veteran. Parkhurst Shurlock, sergeant, Dec. 26, '61; promoted from corporal March 17, '65; mustered out with company July 34, '65 veteran . William S. Dillon, Sept. 16, '61; promoted from corporal Feb. 1, '65; mustered out with company July 34, '65; veteran. John S, Heilman, sergeant, Sept. 16, '61; killed at Boydton plank road, Va., Oct. 27, '64; buried in Poplar Grove National cemetery, Petersburg, division D, section D, grave 3; veteran. Andrew Cole, sergeant, Aug. 28, '61; not on muster-out roll. Samuel S. McClure, sergeant, Aug. 28, '61; not on muster-out roll. Joseph F. Herron, corporal, Dec. 36, '61; mustered out with company July 24, '65; veteran. Robert S. Foster, corporal, Feb. 27, '64; mustered out with company July 24, '65. Joseph Wible, corporal, Aug. 28, '61; mustered out with company July 34, '65; veteran. Joseph A. Courtney, Aug. 31, '61; promoted to corporal March 17, 65; mustered out with company July 34, '65; veteran. John B. Rayl, corporal, Sept. 13, '61; discharged ; date unknown; re-enlisted Feb. 86, '64 ; promoted to corporal March 17, '65 ; mustered out with company. BEAVEE COUNTY. 331 Officers ani> Non-Commissiohed Officers — Continued. Francis Eaton, corporal, Sept. 16, '61; mustered out witb company July 24, '65; veteran. Wm. J. Davidson, corporal, Sept. 16, '61; promoted to corporal July 1, '65; mus- tered out witli company July 24, '65; veteran. John Clarke, corporal, March 30, '64; promoted to corporal July 1, '65; mustered out with company July 24, '65. William H. Dunlap, corporal, Aug. 28, '61; mustered out Aug. 30, 1864; ex- piration of term, John Harvey, corporal, Aug. 28, '61; mustered out Aug, 30, '64; expiration of term. George S. Dunlap, corporal, Aug. 28, '61; captured at Weldon railroad, Va., Aug. 19, '64; died at Salisbury, N. C, Jan. 27, '65; death record bears name John S. Dunlap; veteran. Samuel C. Stratton, corporal, Dec. 26, '61; captured at Cold Harbor, Va., June 3, '64; died at Florence, S. C, Jan. 27, '65; veteran. John M. McConnell, corporal, Sept. 16, 1861; killed at Weldon railroad, Va., Aug. 19, '64; veteran. Henry McEIhany, corporal, Aug. 28, '61; not on muster out roll. Joseph F. Edgar, corporal, Aug. 28, '61; not on muster-out roll. George 8. Veon, corporal, Aug. 28, '61; not on muster-out roll. William F. Grant, corporal, Aug. 28, '61; not on muster-out roll. Joseph Veon, corporal, August 28, '61; not on muster-out roll. Julius L. Crans, corporal, Aug. 28, '61; not on muster-out roll. John T. Harvey, musician, Sept. 13, '61; mustered out with company July 24, '65; veteran. Alonzo F. Thomas, musician, Sept, 13, '61; not on muster-out roll. Privates. Bowers, Joseph M., Feb. 29, '64; mustered out with company July 24, '65. Bradshaw, Marion, Feb. 27, '64; mustered out with company July 24, '65. Beer, Henry, Feb. 18, '65; substitute; mustered out with company July 24, '65. Baughart, William, March 6, '65; substitute ; discharged by general order June 27, '65. Ball, William, Jan. 31, '65; substitute; killed at Petersburg, Va., March 25, '65. Boll, Frank, Jan. 19. '65; substitute; discharged June 30, '65. Babel, Joseph, Aug. 21, '61; not on muster-out roll. Boyd, William D. Aug. 21, '61; not on muster-out roll. Brown, William B., Aug. 31, '61; not on muster-out roll. Cearfass, Adam L. , Aug. 38, '61; mustered out with company July 24, '65; veteran. Cozad, William J., Dec. 38, '63; absent; sick at muster-out; veteran Courtney, John C, Feb. 27, '64; wounded at Wilderness, Va., May 6, '64; d's- charged April 1, '65. Cearfass, Andrew, Aug. 28, '61; died in Lawrence county. Pa., Jan. 27, '65; veteran. Cearfass, George W., Dec. 28, '63; died June 10 of wounds received; at Spottsyl- vania C. H., Va , May 12, '64; buried in National cemetery, Arlington veteran. Crowel, John, Feb. 12, '64; killed at Weldon railroad, Va., Aug. 19, '64; buried in Poplar Grove cemetery, Petersburg, division A, section A, grave 9. Cox, Frederick, not on muster-out roll; burial record, Jos. F. Cox, died Louisville, Ky., Aug. 17, '63; buried in National cemetery, section B, range 16, grave 3. Cook, Tliomas, Aug. 38, '61; not on muster out roll. 332 HISTOEY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. List of Privates — Continubd. Coddie, John Sept. 5, '61; not on muster-out roll; veteran. Culberson, Robert, Sept. 13, '61; not on muster-out roll. Cook, Joseph, ; not on muster-out roll. Dawson, George B., Feb. 20, '64; mustered out with company July 24, '65. Duncan, John J., Feb. 30, '64; mustered out with company July 24, '65. Dillon, Daniel, Feb. 22, '64; mustered out with company July 24, '65. Dougherty, Joseph. Feb 1, '65; substitute; mustered out with company July 24, '65. Devinney, Thomas, Jan. 11, '65; drafted; mustered out with company July 24, '65. Dawson, Samuel B., Aug. 28, '61; mustered out August 30, 1864; expiration of term. Dawson, James M., Feb. 26, '64; missing in action at Spottsylvania, C. H., Va., May 12, 1864. Dawson, Benjamin, Feb. 22, '64; died at Washington, D. 0., June 6, of wounds received in action May 28, '64. Daugherty, Frank, Feb. 27, '64; died at Washington, D. C, July 28, '64; buried in National cemetery, Arlington, Va. Dunlap, Thomas A., Sept. 16, '61; not on muster-out roll. Early, Theodore F., Feb. 27, '64; mustered out with company July 24, '65. Early, James H., Feb. 20, '65; mustered out with company July 24, '65. Eakin, Nathaniel, Feb. 26, '64; mustered out with company July 24, '65, Early, Henry C, Aug. 31, '61; mustered out with company July 24, '65; veteran- Elder, Robert B., Sept. 13, '61; died at Beaufort, S. C; date unknown. Edward, James, March 11, '65; substitute; deserted May 5, '65. Foster, James F., Feb. 27, '64; died Oct. 6 of wounds received at Poplar Spring church, Va., October 2, 1864. FelgEr, Gotleib, Feb. 14, '65; substitute; deserted June 30, '65. Finkhouser, Joseph C, Sept. 13, '61; not on muster-out roll. Grove, Richard A., Aug. 31, '61; mustered out with company July 24, '65; veteran. Grant, John, March 1, '65 ; substitute; mustered out with company July 24. '65. Goss, Abraham, Jan. 11, '65; drafted; mustered out with company July 24, '65. Garling, George W., Feb. '22, '65; drafted; mustered outwith company July 24, 65. Gallagher, James, Sept. 13, '61; not on muster-out roll. Harvey, William F., Jan. 8, '64; mustered out with company July 24, '65. Hughey, Anna's C, Feb. 27, '64; mustered out with company July 24, '65. Heilman, James L , Feb. 16, '64; mustered out with company July 24, '65. Hornbaker, John H., Feb. 22, '65; drafted; mustered out with company July 24, '65. HoUinger, John, Feb. 22, '65; drafted; mustered out with company July 24, '65. Hall, John, Feb. 11, '65; substitute; mustered out with company July 24, '65. Helfenberger, John, March 2, '65; substitute; mustered out with company July 24, '65. Hardimon, Joseph, March 6, '65; substitute; discharged by general order July 6, '65. Hannah, John B., Feb. 27, '64; discharged on,surgeon's certificate June 4, '65. Herron, William, Feb 27, '64; died at Washington, D. C, April 19,. '65; buried in National cemeter}', Arlington, Va. Henderson, James, Feb. 15, '64; captured at Petersburg, Va., July 30, 64; died Aug. 30, 64; buried in National cemetery, division 1, section B, grave 132. Howard, Smith, Jan. 30, '65; substitute; killed at Petersburg, Va., March 25, '65. Henry, David, Aug. 14, '62; killed at Cold Harbor, Va., June 2, '64; buried in Na- tional cemetery, Louisville, Ky. , Hanna, Andrew, Aug. 28, '61; not on muster-out roll. BEAVEE COUNTY. 333 List of Privates — Continued. Hamilton, Robert, Sept. 5, '61 ; not on muster-out roll. Jackson, Ira R., Feb. 20, '64; died itfarcli 34, '64; buried in National cemetery, Louis ville, Ky., section B, row 8, grave 58. Johnson, Robert J., Sept. 5, '61; not on muster-out roll. Kessicker, William, Jan. 11, '65; drafted; mustered out with company July 24, '65. Kaughman, Samuel, Jan. 11, '65; drafted; mustered out with company July 24, '65. Kelly, William, Aug. 28, '61; absent; sick at muster-out; veteran. Kenard, Daniel, Aug. 28, '61; discharged by special order March 10, '65; veteran. Kelly, John, March 10, '65; substitute; deserted May 6, '65. King, James, March 11, '65; substitute; deserted May 5, '65. Kennedy, JosephF., Aug. 31, '61; not on muster-out roll. Knowles, Archibald, Aug. 28, '61; not on muster-out roll. Keifer, John, Sept. 16, '61; not on muster-out roll; Lyon, Harrison, Sept. 9, '61; mustered out with company July 24, '65; veteran. Lyon, Jacob J., Feb. 36, '64; killed at Petersburg, Va., March 25, '65. Lyon, James F., Sept. 16, '61; not on muster-out roll. Martin, James M., Aug. 31, '61; discharged; date unknown; reenlisted Feb. 24, '64, mustered out with company July 24, 65. Minner, Robert, Feb. 24, '64; mustered out with company July 34, '65. Miller, John, March 8, '65; substitute; mustered out with company July 24, '65. Miller, William H., Dec. 33, '64; drafted; mustered out with company July 34, '65. Miller, John A., July 19, '64; drafted; mustered out with company July 34, '65. Mahew, James, April 8, '64; killed at North Anna river, Va., May 35, '64. Martin, Patrick, March 9, '65; deserted May 5, '65. Maloney, Richard, Sept. 13. '61; not on muster-out roll. Mortley, William, Sept. 5, '61; not on muster-out roll. Malion, Henry, Sept. 5, '61; not on muster-out roll . McCullough, James M., Aug. 31, '61; mustered out with company July 24, '65; veteran . McCoy, Joseph F , Sept. 16, '61; mustered out with company July 24, '65. McKinley, Thomas J., Feb. 36, '64; mustered out with company July 34, '65. McKean, James J., Mar. 6, '65; substitute; mustered out with company July 24,'65. McLain, John M., March 31, '64; killed at Cold Harbor, Va., June 2, '64. MeCarnie, Cicero, private, Sept. 16, '61; not on muster-out roll. McGeehan, John, Sept. 13, '61; not on muster-out roll. McKinley, William H., Sept. 16, '61; not on muster-out roll. Nippert, Philip, March 6, '65; substitute; mustered out with company July 24, '65. Nippert, Henry C, Mar. 6, '65; substitute; mustered out with company July 34, '65. Parr, James, March 4, '65; substitute; wounded at Petersburg, Va., March 35, '65; absent, sick at muster out. Powell, Elijah, Feb. 37, '64; mustered out with company July 24, '65. Peters, Chambers, March 31, '64; killed at Cold Harbor, Va., June 2, '64. Powell, Thomas J., Aug. 38, '61; died Oct. 7, 1863; buried in Military Asylum cemetery, D. C. Pennell, Walter, Aug. 38, '61; discharged on surgeon's certiiicate Dec. 2, '61. Pearson, William, Sept. 5, '61; not on muster-out roll. Polin, Robert, Oct. 8, '63; not on muster-out roll. Quirk, James, March 8, '65; substitute; mustered out with company July 24, '65. 334 HISTORY OF BBAVEE COUNTY. List of Pkivates — CoNTrcrcBD. Quinn, James, Oct. 8, '62; not on muster-out roll. Roe, Uriah, Feb. 25, '64; mustered out with company July 4, '65. Roberts, Jacob F., April 8, '64; mustered out with company July 24, '65. Reed, Andrew, Oct. 8, '63; mustered out with company July 24, '65. Reece, Arthur, January 11, '65; drafted; mustered out with company July 24, '65. Rowe, Hezekiah J., March 1, '65; substitute; mustered out with comp'y July 34, '65. Rogers, William B., March 6, '65; deserted June 30, '65. Reno, JohnB., Aug. 28, '61; not on muster-out roll. Reed, John D . , Aug . 28, '61 ; not on muster-out roll . Reed, Cunningham, Aug. 28, '61; not on muster-out roll. Reed, Samuel, Feb. 27, '64; not on muster-out roll. Reed, WilUam A., Feb. 37, '64; not on muster out roll. Sweitzer, Charles, Feb. 1, '65; substitute; mustered out with company July 24, '65. Shaffer, Lewis, Feb. 6, '65; substitute; mustered out with company July 24, '65. Shaffer, George, Feb. 22, '65; drafted; absent, sick at muster-out. Smith, Jacob, Feb. 8, '63; substitute; mustered out with company July 24, '65. Stevens, Jacob, Feb. 4, '65; mustered out with company July 24, '65. Stevens, Manford, June 30, '64; mustered out with company July 24, '65. Stevens, James W., April 8, '64; mustered out with company July 24, '65. Scott, Robert, Feb. 37, '64; mustered out with com'pany .Tuly 34, 65. Shoff, John G., Jan. 11, '65; drafted; discharged by general order June 30, '65. Shurlock, Robert J., Aug. 38, '61; mustered out Aug. 30, '64; expiration of term. Smith, William F. L., Feb. 37, '64; killed at Weldon railroad, Va., August 19, '64. Snyder, William M., March 31, '64; died at Alexandria, Va., Aug. 7, '64. Stoops, John, March4, '64;. died July 26, '64; buriedin Alexandria, Va.; grave 3,337. Scott, John, Aug. 38, '61; not on muster-out roll. Stephenson, William, Sept. 18, '61; not on muster-out roll. Smith, Lewis B., Sept. 16, '61; not on muster-out roll. Sampson, Harrison, Dec. 26, '61; not on muster-out roll. Smith, William, Aug. 11, '64; not on muster-out roll. Sayer, Abraham, Feb. 26, '64; not on muster out roll . Toy, William, Sept 16, '61; discharged; date unknown; retolisted February 27, '64 mustered out with company July 24, '65. Tidball, George P., Aug. 31, '61; discharged; date unknown; reSnlisted March 2, '64; mustered out with company July 24, '65. Tolson, Joseph, Feb. 28, '65; drafted; mustered out with company July 24, '65. Torr, William, March 6, '65; substitute; mustered out with company July 24, '65. Taylor, John, Feb. 22, '65; drafted; mustered out with company July 34, '65. Trump, Isaiah, Aug. 31, '61; not on muster-out roll. Vankirk, George W., Bee. 38, '61; mustered out Dec. 38, '64; expiration of term. Vankirk, William, December 38, '61; mustered out Dec. 88, '64; expiration of term. Witherite, Shannon, Jan. 11, '65; drafted; musteredout with company July 24, '65. Watt, George R., Feb. 37, '64; drafted; mustered out with company July 24, '65. Wilson, Alvin S., Feb. 33, '64; wounded at Petersburg, Va , March 25, '65; dis- charged by general order July 28, '65. Wylie, Henry, Sept. 3, 61; mustered out with company, July 24, 65; veteran. Watt, Thomas, Aug. 28, '61 ; mustered out with company July 24, 65; veteran. Welsh, Philip C, March 4, '65; discharged by general order June 6, '65. BEAVEK COUNTY. 335 List op Privates — Continued. "Wilson, Robert, Sept. 13, '61; mustered out Aug. 30, '64; expiration of term. "West, Harry, Aug. 28, '61 ; not on muster-out roll . "White, William H., Aug. 28, '61; not on muster-out roll. "Webb, Joseph, Sept. 13, '61; not on muster-out roll. "West, James, Dec. 26, '61; not on muster-out roll. Wait. Alfred, Oct. 8, '62; not on muster-out roll. Young, Torrence P., Feb. 27, '64; mustered out with company July 24, '65. Young, James W., Feb. 27, '64; mustered out with company July 24, '65. company e. 134tll eegimbnt, p. t., nine months' seevice. Commissioned and Non -Commissioned Officers. J. Adams Vera, Aug. 14, '62; mustered out with company May 26, '63. Sam'l R. Patterson, 1st lieut., Aug 14, '62; mustered out with company May 26, '63. John S. Anderson, 2nd lieutenant, Aug. 14, '62; discharged on surgeon's certificate Teb. 3, '63. Jas. H. Calkins, 2nd lieutenant, Aug. 14, '62; promoted from corporal to sergeant, Nov. 28, '62; to 2nd lieutenant, April 16, '63; mustered out with company May 36, '63. Wm. A. McGahey, 1st sergeant, Aug. 14, '62; promoted from corporal to sergeant, Aug 26, '62; to 1st sergeant, Nov. 27, '63; missing at Fredericksburg, Y&., Dec. 13, '63. Aug. Tomlinson, sergeant, Aug. 14, '63; mustered out with company May 36, '63. Jacob B. Parkinson, sergeant, Aug. 14, '62; promoted from corporal Nov. 28, '62; mustered out with company May 26, '63. Wm. W. French, sergeant, Aug. 14, '62; promoted to corporal, Nov. 28, '63; to sergeant, April 16, '63; mustered out with company May 36, '63. Geo. W. Lockhart, sergeant, Aug. 14, '63; promoted from corporal, Oct. 10, '63; missing at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, '63. Harry C. Patterson, sergeant, Aug. 14, '62; promoted to quartermaster sergeant Aug. 30, '62. George W. Hays, sergeant, Aug. 14, '63; died at Point Lookout, Md., Jan. 3, '63. George Loomis, Aug. 14, '62; promoted to corporal, Feb. 9, '63; mustered out with ■company. May 26, '63. James Osborn, Aug. 14, '62; promoted to corporal, Feb. 9, '63; mustered out with ■company May 36, '63. James Arbuckle, corporal, Aug. 14, '62; mustered out with company May 26, '63. Oliver W. Croxton, Aug. 14, '62; promoted to corpora], Feb. 3, '63; mustered out with company May 36, '63. Harrison Punkard, corporal, Aug. 14, '63; mustered out with company May 36, '63. William Flugga, Aug. 14, '62; promoted to corporal, Jan. 9, '63; mustered out with ■company May 26, '63. Robert H. Aley, Aug. 14, '62; promoted to corporal. May 1, '63; mustered out with company May 26, '63. Thomas Kelley, Aug. 14, '63; promoted to corporal Oct. 10, '63; mustered out with ■company May 36, '63. George F. Lukens, corporal, Aug. 14, '63; discharged on surgeon's certificate Dec. 20, '63. George W. Moore, corporal, Aug. 14, '63; discharged on surgeon's certificate Feb. 20, '63. Os. J. Funkhpuser, musician, Aug. 14, '63; mustered out with company May 26, '63. 336 HISTOEY OF BBAVEE COUNTT. Privates. Andrews, John, Aug. 14, '63; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, '63; mus- tered out with company May 36, '63. Brooks, James "W. ; mustered out with company May 36, '63. Broad, Aaron., Aug. 14, '63; mustered out with company May 36, '63. Boswell, Thomas, Aug. 14, '63; mustered out with company, May 36, '68. Boswell, Joseph, Aug. 14, '63; mustered out with company May 36, '63. Bestwick, Isaac, Aug 14, '63; mustered out with company May 36, '63. Beiichler, "William, Aug. 14, '63; mustered out with company May 36, '63. Broad, James, Aug 14, '63; discharged on surgeon's certificate,Jan. 30, '63. Chapman, Sam'l S., Aug. 14, '63; wounded at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, '63; mustered out with company May 36, '63. Camp, J. H., Jr., Aug. 14, '63; mustered out with company May 36, '63. Carson, Enoch P., Aug. 14, '63; mustered out with company May 36, '63. Caughey, James W., Aug. 14, '62; mustered out with company May 36, '63. Campbell, James T., Aug. 14, '63; mustered out with company May 36, '63. Carney, Garett, Aug. 14, '63; died at Washington, D. C, Sept. 18, '63; buried in Military Asylum cemetery. Duck, Albert A., Aug. 14, '63; mustered out with company May 36, '63. Dawson, Scroggs L., Aug. 14, '63; wounded at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, '63; mustered out with company May 26, '63. Freed, George W., Aug. 14, '63; mustered out with company May 36, "63. Fish, Thomas, Aug. 14. '62; mustered out with company May 36, '63. Fountain, Peter, Aug. 14, '63; mustered out with company May 26, '63. French, Robert M., Aug. 14, '63; mustered out with company May 36, '63. Ferree, Francis L., , Aug. 14, '63; mustered out with compary May 26, '63. Graham, John"W., Aug. 14, 63; mustered out with company May 36, '63. Gibson, Levi, Aug. 14, '63; mustered out with company May 26, '63. Grant, John, Aug. 14, '63; missed in action at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, '63. Griffin, "Willet, Aug. 14, '63; mustered out with company May 36, '63. Graham, Sam'l C, Aug. 14, '63; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, '63; mustered out with company May 36, '68. Gallagher, Joseph, Aug. 14, '63; discharged on surgeon's certificate, Feb. 4, '63. Harton, James M., Aug. 14, '62; mustered out with company May 36, '63. Haya, Samuel, Aug. 14, '63; mustered out with company May 26, '68. Hunter, Wm. M., Aug. 14, '63; discharged on surgeon's certificate Feb. 19, '63. Hollenbaugh, J. L., Aug. 14, '62; discharged on surgeon's certificate Feb. 6, '63. HoUenbaugh, W. T., Aug. 14, '62; deserted Nov. 18, 63. Kennedy, James T., Aug. 14, '63; mustered out with company May 26, '63. Kensley, Adam, Aug. 14, '62; mustered out with company May 26, '68. King, "William R., Aug. 14, '63; discharged on surgeon's certificate Dec. 6, '63. Lias, Felix, Aug. 14, '63; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, '63; mustered out with company May 36, 63. Larimore, Wm. C, Aug. 14, '63; mustered out with company May 36, '63. Large, Christ. C, Aug. 14, '63; mustered out with company May 36, '63. Loomis, Chamb'n, Aug. 14, '63; died at Frederick, Md., Dec. 31, 63; buried in National cemetery, Antietam, section 36, lot E, grave 488. Marquis, Porter S., Aug. 14, '63; mustered out with company May 36, '68. Morton, William, Aug. 14, '63; mustered out with company May 26, '63. Marshall, James, Aug. 14, '62; mustered out with company May 36,' '68. BKAVER COUNTY. 337 List of Privates — Contintjbd. Mitchell, Robert, Aug. 14, '63; mustered out with company May 26, "63. Mahaffle, Chamb'n, Aug. 14, '62; discharged on surgeon's certificate Feb. 17, '63. Muntz, Henry, Aug. 14, '62; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, '63; dis- charged on surgeon's certificate, April 18, '63. Metschan, John, Aug. 14, '62; died at Point Lookout, Md., Jan. 30, 68, of wounds received at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, '62. Magaw, Wesley, Aug. 14, '63; died at Washington, D. C, Feb. 16, '68, of wounds received at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 18, '63. McCaskey, Wm. R., Aug. 14, '63; mustered out with company May 36, '68. McLain, Hiram, Aug. 14, '62 mustered; out with company May 26, '63. McCabe, Robert A., Aug. 14, '63; discharged on surgeon's certificate Jan. 9, '63. McCreary, Alfred S., Aug. 14, '62; discharged on surgeon's certificate March',31, '63. McClellan, William, Aug. 14, '62; discharged on surgfeon's certificate Jan. 7, '63. Newman, Casper, Aug. 14, '62; mustered out with company May 36, 68. Pettlt, John F., Aug. 14, '62; wounded at Fredricksburg, Va., Dec. 13, '63;\mus- tered out with company May 26, '63. Read, William J., Aug. 14, '63; mustered out with company May 26, '63. Raricks, John, Aug. 14, '62; mustered out with company May 26, '68. Rapp, Christ, Aug. 14, '62; discharged on surgeon's certificate March 27, '68. Ross, Samuel, Aug. 14, '62; discharged on surgeon's certificate Jan. 14, '68. Shaffer, John, Aug. 14, '62; mustered out with company May 26, '63. Sweasy, Wm. H.. Aug, 14, '62; mustered out with company May 26,5'68. Stevens, Marcus, Aug. 14, '62; mustered out with company May 26, '68. Smith, William F., Aug. 14, '62; wounded at Fredricksburg Va., Dec. 13, '63; mustered out with company May 36, '63. Sager, Lewis, Sr., Aug. 14, '62; discharged on surgeon's certificate Feb. 4, '68. Sager, Lewis, Jr., Aug. 14, '62; discharged on surgeon's certificate March 16, '63. Scroggs, Elijah N., Aug. 14, '62; discharged on surgeon's certificate Feb. 19, 68. Smith, Stonis, Aug. 14, '63; discharged on surgeon's certificate April 3, '63. Todd, Samuel L., Aug. 14, '62; mustered out with company May 26, '68. West, Ansel G., Aug. 14, '62; mustered out with company May 26, '63. Wallace, Wm. H., Aug. 14, '63; mustered out with company May 36,'63. Willard, John G., Aug. 14, '63; mustered out with company May 36, '63. COMPANY I, 134th regiment, p. v. nine months' service. Officers and Non-Commissioned Officbks. John W. Hague, captain, Sept. 1, '63; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va^, Dec. 13, '62; mustered out with company May 26, '68. Hugh Barnes. Ist lieutenant, Aug. 22, '62; killed at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec.13,'62. James H. Mountain, Ist lieutenant, Sept. 1, '62; promoted from 2d lieutenant Dec. 13, '62; mustered out with company May 36, '63. Oliver P. Swisher, 3d lieutenant, Aug. 19, '63; promoted from 1st sergeant Dec. 14, '63; mustered out with company May 36, '68. John C. McCleary, 1st sergeant, Aug. 19, '62; promoted from corporal to sergeant Jan. 1, '68; to 1st sergeant March 1, '63; mustered out with company May 26, '63. Thomas J. McCarter, 1st sergeant, Aug. 19, '62; promoted from sergeant Jan. 1, '63; discharged on surgeon's certificate Feb. 17, '68. 338 HISTOEY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. OfFICBKS and NoN-CoMMISSIONED OfFICBRS — CONTmTJED. John B. Bowe, sergeant, Aug. 19, '62; promoted from corporal Jan. 17, '63; mustered out with company May 26, '63. William Hites, sergeant, Aug. 19, '62; promoted fromcorporalMarchl,'63; mustered out with company May 26, '63. Isaac Murdock, sergeant, Aug. 19, '62; discharged April 16, '63, for wounds re- ceived at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, '62. Samuel Rowe. sergeant, Aug. 19, '62; discharged on surgeon's certificate Jan. 16, '63. J. T. W. McCune, sergeant, Aug. 22, '62; discharged on surgeon's certificate Feb. «, '63. John A. Umbarger, Aug. 23, '62; promoted to corporal March 1, '63; mustered out with company May 26, '63. Joseph McMillen, corporal, Aug. 19, '62; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 11, '62; mustered out with company May 36, '63. A. M. Cunningham, corporal, Aug. 19, '62; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, '62; mustered out with company May 26, '63. William Dickson, Aug. 22, '62; promoted to corporal Jan. 26, 63; mustered out with company May 26, '63. Thomas Howard, corporal, Aug. 19, '62; mustered out with company May 26, '63. Robert McClure, corporal, Aug. 19, '62; mustered out with company May 26, '63. William Brooks, Aug. 19, '62; promoted to corporal Jan. 26, '63; mustered out with company May 26, '63. .William McGeehon, corporal, Aug. 19, '62; discharged on surgeon's certificate March 37, '63. Privates. Adams, Samuel C, Aug. 19, '62; discharged on surgeon's certificate Jan. 5, '63. Bowers, Robert, Aug. 19, '62; mustered out with company May 26, '63. Boyd, Alexander S., Aug. 19, '62; mustered out with company May 26, '63. Boyd, Joseph M., Aug. 19, '63; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, '62 mustered out with company May 26, ' 63. Benson, Samuel, Aug. 19, '62, captured at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, '63 mustered out with company May 36, '63. Brown, Richard R., Aug. 19, '63; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va. , Dec. 13, '63 mustered out with company May 26, '63. Babel, Amos W., Aug. 19, 'H2; mustered out with company May 26, '63. Best, William C, Aug. 19, '63; died near Falmouth, Va., Dec. 30, '63. Oarothers, Robert, Aug. 19, '62 ; mustered out with company May 36, '68. Cook, Benj. F., Aug.19,'63; mustered out with company May 26, '63. Camp, Christian, Aug. 19, '63; mustered out with company May 36, '63. Cory, Eleathan A., Aug. 22, '62: discharged on surgeon's certificate Nov. 13, '62. Collins, Francis M., Aug. 19, '62; discharged on surgeon's certificate Feb. 23, '63. Carrol, Patrick, Aug 19, '62; discharged on surgeon's certificate Feb. 4, '63. Duncan, Edward, Aug. 19, '63; mustered out with company May 36, '63. Dillworth, .John C, Aug. 19, '63; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, '63; mustered out with company May 36, '63. Dunlap, Joseph F., Aug. 33, '63; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, '63; mustered out with company May 26, '63. Dillon, Miller, Aug. 22. '62; mustered out with company May 26, '68. Dillworth, Calvin J., Aug 23, '63; discharged on surgeon's certificate April 10, '68. BEAVEE COUNTY. 341 List of Pkivatbs — Continued. Davidson, Reed A., Aug. 19, '63; died at "Washington, D. C, Jan. 14, '63, of wounds received at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, '62. Davidson, Josepli A., Aug. 19, '63; killed at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, '63. Degarimo, Johnston, Aug. 19, '63; died at Washington, D. C, Jan. 5, '63, of wounds received at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, '63; buried in Military Asylum cemetery. Edwards, Joseph B., Aug. 23, '62; mustered out w*ith company May 36, '63. Fields, John B., Aug. 19, '63; mustered out with company May 26, '63. Fulks, William, Aug. 19, '63; mustered out with company May 26, '63. Furgeson, Robert K., Aug. 19, '63; mustered out with company May 36, '63. Feasel, George, Aug. 33, '63; mustered out with company May 26, '63. Feasel, Albert. Aug; 23, '63; killed at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 18, '62. Huston, Jeremiah, Aug. 19, '62; discharged on surgeon's certificate Feb. 4, '63. Inman, Thomas B., Aug. 33, '63; mustered out with company May 26, '63. Inman, Nelson, Aug. 22, '62; mustered out with company May 26, '63. Jones, Lewis, Aug. 22, '62; mustered out with company May 26, '63. Johnston, William L., Aug. 19, '63; wounded at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, '63; absent, in hospital, at muster out. Johnston, James M., Aug. 19, '62; mustered out with company May 26, '63. Johnston, Lycu's J., Aug. 19, '63; mustered out with company May 36, '63. Jenkins, Noah, Aug. 19, '63; killed at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec.13, '62. Kirkpatrick, Mit'l, Aug. 19, '63; mustered out with company May 36, '63. Lusk, James H., Aug. 33, '63; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, '63; absent, in hospital, at muster out. Lambright, Jacob, Aug. 19, '63; mustered out with company May 36, '63. Leslie, George C, Aug. 22, '63; discharged on surgeon's certificate Jan. 16, '63. Leslie, George W., Aug. 33, '63; discharged April 9, '63, for wounds received at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, '63. Mianer, James, Aug. 19, '63; mustered out with company May 36, '63. Martin, John, Aug. 19, '62; mustered out with company May 26, '63. Miller, William B., Aug. 22, '62; discharged March 39, 1863, for wounds received at Predericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, '63. Minner, Samuel, Aug. 19, '62; died near Falmouth, Va., Dec. 10. '62. Miller, Henry V., Aug. 19, '62; died near Falmouth, Va., Dec. 3. '63. Miller, Robert, Aug. 19, '63; killed at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, '63. Mitchell, William, Aug. 32, '62; died at Acquia Creek, Va., Jan. 21, '63. McCune, James A., Aug. 23, '62; mustered out with company May 36, '63. McGeehon, Stew'tR., Aug. 19, '62; wounded at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, '68; mustered out with company. May 26, '68. McClure, James L., Aug. 19, '63; mustered out with company May 36, '68. McCready, Edwin, Aug. 19, '63; mustered out with company May 36, 68. McMillen, Ralston, August 19, '63; mustered out with company May 36, '63. McMillen, Matt. H., August 19, '63; mustered out with company May 36, '63. McAnliss, Wm. W., August 19, '63; mustered out with company May 26, '63. McNutt, Smith, A,ugust 19, '62; missing in action at Fredericksburg, Va.,Dec. 13, '63. McGinnis, Alvin G., Aug. 19, '62; discharged April 31, '68, for wounds received sA Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, '62. McKim, Samuel, Aug. 19, '63; died Dec. 17, of wounds received at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, '63. 19 342 HISTOEY OF BEAVEB COUNTY. List op PBrvATBS — Continued. Powell, George W., Aug. 19, '62; mustered out with company May 26, '63. Reed, Joseph G., Aug. 22, '62; mustered out with company May 26, '63. Royl, Thomas, Aug. 19, '62; discharged on surgeon's certificate March 28, '63. Ramsey, John, Aug. 19, '62; discharged on surgeon's certificate March 28, '63. Reed, James M., Aug. 22, '62; died near Falmouth, Va., Dec. 1, '62. Snyder, Phineas L., Aug. 19, '62; missing in action at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec 13, '62. Swisher, John B.,, Aug. 22, '62; died at Fredericl£, Md., Nov. 13, '62. Smith, "William P., Aug. 19, '62; died at Sharpsburg, Md., Oct. 22, '62. White, "William, Aug. 19, '62; mustered out with company May 26, '63. Whitenbarger, Hir., Aug. 19, '62; wounded at Fredericksburg, "Va., Dec. 13, '62 mustered out with company May 26, '63. ^"Williams, Thos. D., Aug. 19, '62; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, '62 mustered out with company May 26, '63. "Woods, "William J., Aug. 22, '62; wounded at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, '63 mustered out with company May 26, '63. Young, "Walter A., Aug. 19, '62; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, '62 ■mustered out with company May 26, '63. Young, Henry H., Aug. 19, '62; mustered out with company May 26. '63. Young, Addison D., Aug. 22, '62; mustered out with company May 26, '63. COMPAKT H, 139th EEGIMENT P. V., THREE YEAES' SERVICE. Officbrs and Non-Commissioned Opficbrs. John A. Donald, captain, Sept. 1, '62; discharged on surgeon's certificate. July 25, '63. James J. Conway, captain, Sept. 1, '62; promoted from 1st lieutenant, July 21, '63; wounded at Cold Harbor, Va., June 2, '64; mustered out with company June 21, '65. John J. Benitz, 1st lieutenant, Sept. 1, '62; promoted from 1st sergeant to 2d lieu- tenant, April 25, '63; to 1st lieutenant July 23, '63; discharged Sept. 18, '64. Jackson Boggs, 1st lieutenant, Sept. 1, '62; wounded at Salem Heights, May 3, 63; and at Spottsylvania C. H., Va., May 12, '64; promoted from sergeant, Nov. 24 64; mustered out with company, June 21, '65. James Fulton, 2d lieuenant, Sept. 1, '62; discharged March 5, '63. Abraham Brown, 1st sergeant, Sept. 1, '62; promoted to corporal, June 12,63; to sergeant Sept. 10, '64; to 1st sergeant, March 11, '65; mustered out with company June 21, '65. S. E. Holesinger, sergeant, Sept. 1, '62; promoted to corporal July 4, '63; to ser geant, Oct. 16, '64; wounded at Wilderness, Va., May 5, '64; mustered out with com- pany, June 21, '65. Ozias Reno, sergeant, Sept. 1, '62; promoted to corporal, March 12, '64; to sergeant, Sept. 19, '64; mustered out with company, June 21, '65. George W. Painter, sergeant, Sept. 1, '62; wounded at Wilderness, Va., May.5 '64; discharged April 19, '65. William H. McDonald, sergeant, Sept. 1, '62; transferred to veteran reserve corpS; July 9, '63; discharged by general order, June 29, '65. Patrick Finn, sergeant, Sept.l, '62; killed at Salem Heights, Va., May 3, '63. John Richards, sergeant, Sept. 1, '62; killed at Fort Stevens, D. C, July 11, '64. George Bentle, sergeant, Sept. 1, '62; killed at Flint's Hill, Va., Sept. 21, 64. BEAVEE COUNTY. 343 Officers and Non-Commissioned Officers — Continued. Henry Holland, sergeant, Sept. 1, '63; wounded at Wilderness, Va. , May 5, and captured May 8, '64; died at Wilmington, N. C, date unknown; buried in National cemetery, grave 994. Peter Kremple, corporal, Sept. 1, '62; promoted to corporal Dec 15, 63; wounded at Cold Harbor, Va., June 3, 64; mustered out with company June 31, '65. William D. Boots, Sept. 1, '62; promoted to corporal Sept. 10, 64; mustered out with company June 21, '65. William C. Holesinger, Sept 1, '6S; promoted to corporal Oct. 19, '64; wounded at Spottsylvania C. H. May 12, '64, and at Petersburg, Va., April 3, '65; discharged by general order June 16, '65. William Veazy, Sept. 1, '62; promoted to corporal Nov. 1, '64; mustered out with company June 21, '65. George Anderson, corporal, Sept 1, '63; wounded at Winchester, Va., Sept. 19, '64; promoted to corporal Jan 1, '64; mustered out with company June 31, '65. William J. Allen, corporal, Sept. 1, '63 ; discharged on surgeon's certificate March 33, '63. Thomas McKee, corporal, Sept 1, '63; discharged on surgeon's certificate Jan. 4, 63. Frank Hays, corporal, Sept. 1, '62; killed at Spottsylvania C. H. Va., May 13, 64; buried in burial grounds Wilderness. Robert L. Richards, corporal, Sept. 1, '63; killed at Wilderness, Va., May 5, '64. Joseph F. McDonald, musician, Sept. 1, '63; mustered out with company June 21, '65. Lewis McDonald, musician, Sept. 1, '62; mustered out with company June 21, '65. Privates. Briggs, Sabinas, Sept. 1, '63; wounded at Opequan, Va., Sept. 19, '64; mustered out with company June 21, '65. Baker Anthony, Sept. 1, '63; wounded at Wilderness, Va., May 5, and captured May 8, '64; discharged by general order, June 19, '65. Boyd, Charles, Sept. 1, '63; discharged on surgeon's certificate date unknown. Boggs, Joseph, Sept. 1, '63; wounded at Salem Heights, Va., May 3, '63, and at Wilderness, May 6, '64; discharged Dec. 29, '64. Brant, Jacob, Sept. 1, '62; discharged on surgeon's certificate Jan. 26, '63. Brown, John A., Sept. 1, '63; deserted Sept. 1, '62. Coleman, William, Sept. 1, '63; discharged on writ of habeas corpus, date unknown. Craig, James. Sept. 1, '62; killed at Wilderness, Va., May 6, '64. Cottam, Horace B., Sept. 1, '62; died at Stafford C. H., Va., Dec. 3, '63. Carter, William, Sept. 1, '63; captured at Gettysburg, Pa., July 3, '63; died at Andersonville, Ga., May 14, '64, grave 45. Coats, Samuel B., Sept. 1, '63; wounded at Wilderness, Va., May 5, and captured May 8, '64; died at Andersonville, Ga., Oct. 1, 64, grave 10,131. Cottam, James L., Sept. 1, '62; deserted Sept. 1, '62. Conley, James, Sept. 1, '62; drowned — date unknown. Downs, William, Sept. 1, 62; wounded at Cold Harbor, Va., June 3, '64; trans- ferred to Company A, 18th regiment, veteran reserve corps, Jan. 28, '65; discharged by general order June 38, '65. Davis, John, Sept. 1, '62; wounded at Wilderness, Va., May 5, '64; transferred to veteran reserve corps, Jan. 38, '65; discharged by general order June 29, '63. Ford, William, Feb. 39, '64; trans, to Co. 1, 93d regiment Pa. Vols. June 31, '65. 344 history of beavee county. List op Pkivates — Continued. Fraser, William, Sept. 1, '62; deserted Sept. 1, '62. Gordon, Smith M., Sept. 1, '62; discharged by general order May 24, '65. Grow, Lewis, March 4, '64; transferred to Company I 93d regiment Pa. Vol., June 21, '65. Gordon, John, Sept. 1, '62; killed at Salem Heights, Va., May 3, '63. Gross, Samuel, Dec. 12, '63; killed at Opequan, Va., Sept. 19, 64. Gallaher, Philip, Sept. 1, '63; deserted Oct. 16, '62. Hill David, Sept. 1, '62; mustered out with company June 21, '65. Holesinger, John E., Sept. 1, '62; mustered out with company June 21, '65. Harvey, Samuel, Sept. 1, '62; mustered out with company June 21, '65. Harvey, Daniel, Sept 1, '62; mustered out with company June 21, 65. Harvey, George H., Sept. 1, '62; wounded at Spottsylvania, C. H., Va., May 9, '64; mustered out with company June 21, '65. Hays, James, Sept. 1, '62; captured at Spottsylvania, C. H., Va., May 18, '64. Hart, Thomas, Sept. 1, '62; captured at Spottsylvania, C. H., Va., May 18, '64. Hoch, Frederick, Sept. 1, '62; discharged on surgeon's certificate, Dec. 18, '63. Hannah, James, Sept. 1, '62; discharged on writ of habeas corpus — date unknown. Headling, JefEry, Aug. 1, '64; wounded at Cedar Creek, Va., Oct. 19, '64; trans- ferred to company I, 11th regiment veteran reserve corps, date unknown; discharged by general order Aug. 10, '65. Holesinger, Thos. D., Sept. 1, '62; wounded at Wilderness, Va., May 5, '64; transferred to veteran reserve corps, date unknown; discharged by general order, July 10, '63. Hemphill, James M., Feb. 20, '65; transferred to Company I, 93d regiment Pa. Vols. June 21, '65. Harger, Michael, Dec. 14, '63; killed at Spottsylvania C. H., Va., May 12, '64. Hill, Alfred, Sept. 1, '62; died at Stafford C. H., Va., Nov. 26, '62. Hendrickson, Samuel, Sept 1, '62; deserted Dec. 16, '62. Keller, Henry, Aug. 15, '64; died at Alexandria, Va., June 21, '65; grave 3,246. Kenly, Michael, Sept. 1, '62; discharged on surgeon's certificate, Jan. 4, '63. Kelley, Kobert, Sept. 1, '62; deserted Sept. 1, '63. Knight, Thomas, Sept. 1, '62; deserted July 16, '63. Logan, Thomas W., Sept. 1, '62; mustered out with company June 21, '65. Lambert, Charles, Sept. 1, '62; died at Harper's Ferry, Va., March 20, '64. Logan, James, Sept. 1, '62; died at Downsville, Md. Oct. 13, '62; buried in National cemetery, Antietam, section 26, lot D, grave 408. Muntz, Gottlieb, Feb. 24, '64; wounded at Wilderness, Va., May 5, '64; trans, to Company I, 93d regiment. Pa. Vols, June 21, '65. Merriman, Samuel, Feb. 20, '64; trans, to Company I, 93d reg. P. V., June 21 '65. Murphy, Patrick, Sept. 1, '62; killed at Petersburg, Va., June 18, '64. McCloskey, J. R. S., Sept. 1, '62; mustered out with company, June 31, '65. McPherson, Marsh, Sept. 1, '63; discharged on surgeon's certificate, Jan. 14, '63. McKee, Thomas F., Feb. 39, '64; trans, to Company I, 93d reg. P. V., June 21, '65. McKinzy, Rienza, Sept. 1, '62; deserted Sept. 3, '62. Pierce, John C, Sept. 1, '62; wounded at Opequan, Va., Sept. 19, '64; mustered out with company June 21, 1865. Richards, William, Sept. 1, '62; wounded at Cold Harbor, Va. , June 3, '64; mus- tered out with company June 21, '65. Rush, Calvin, Sept. 1, '62; killed at Spottsylvania C. H., Va., May 9, '64. BEAVEE COUNTY. 346 List op PjtrvATKS — CoNTmuED. Rentz, Joseph, Sept. 1, '63; deserted July 16, '63. Schnell, Sam'l, Sept. 1, '62; mustered out with company June 21, '65. Smith, William H., Sept. 1, '62; mustered out with company June 21, '65. Schrum, Harrison, Sept. 1, '62; mustered out with company, June 21, '65. Schrum, Jackson, Sept. 1, '62; discharged on surgeon's certificate, March 2, '63. Schrum, Jackson, Dec. 13, '63; discharged — date unknown — for wounds received at Opequan, Va., Sept. 19, '64. Severance, Clark, Sept. 1, '62; captured at Gettysburg, Pa., July 3, '63; died at Danville, Va., date unknown; burial record — C. Severn, died at Andersonville, Ga., May 19, '64, grave 1,316. Shettenger, John, Sept. 1, '62; died at White Oak Church, Va., March 33, '63. Smith, Frederick, Sept 1, '62; deserted Oct. 16, '62. Swank, Joseph, Sept. 1, '62; deserted Sept. 1, '62. Trap, John L., Sept. 1, '62; killed at Salem Heights, Va., May 3, '63. Tilstan, William, Feb. 29, '64; died at Brandy Station, Va., April 30, '64; buried in National Cemetery, Culpeper C. H. block 1, section A, row 3, grave 90. Turner, Benj., Sept. 1, '62; deserted Sept. 12. '62. Thorn, Levi, Sept. 1, '63; deserted Oct. 16, '62. Utley, George, Sept. 1, '63; captured May 8, '64; died at Andersonville, Ga.,date unknown . Worden, William S., Feb 29, '64; trans, to Company I, 93d reg. P. V., June 31, '65. Worden, Sylvester, Feb. 29, '64; wounded at Cold Harbor, Va., June 3, '64; trans, to Company I, 93d regiment, P. V., June 21, '65. William, Henry, Sept. 1, '62; deserted Sept. 1, '62. Walker, Robert, Sept. 1, '62; deserted Oct. 16, '62. Wickerly, Pred'k, Sept. 1, '62; deserted Nov. 17, '63. Woods, William, Sept. 1, '63; deserted July 19, '63. Welsh, James, Sept. 1, '63; deserted June 30, '63. Young, John, Sept. 1, '63; discharged on surgeon's certificate, Jan. 18, '63. Young, William, Sept. 1, '63; deserted Sept. 1, '63. Yeager, Frederick, Sept. 1, 62; deserted Sept. 1, '62. COMPANY F, 140th EEGIMENT, P. T., THEEE YEAES' SEEYICE. Offiobbs and Non-Commissioned Officbbs. Richard P. Roberts, captain, Aug. 21, '63; promoted to colonel Sept, 13, '63. Thomas Henry, captain, Aug. 31, '63; wounded at Culpeper C. H., Va., May '64; promoted from 2d lieutenant Sept. 24, '62; to major, May 1, '65. John D. Stokes, 1st lieutenant, Aug. 21, '62; discharged Jan. 5, '64 for wounds received at Gettysburg, Pa., July 3, '63. Andrew M. Purdy, 1st lieutenant, Aug. 21, '62; promoted from sergeant to 2d lieu- tenant March 1, '63; to 1st lieutenant March 3, '64; killed at Petersburg, Va, , June 17, '64. Alex. H. Calvert, 3d lieutenant Aug. 21, '63; promoted from sergeant Sept. 15, '63; resigned Feb. 7, '63. Carman M. Nelson, 3d lieutenant, Aug. 31, '63; promoted from corporal to sergeant March 1, 1863; to 2d lieutenant Dec. 10, '64; wounded at Spottsylvania C. H., Va„ May 12, '64; mustered out with company May 31, '65. , Joseph P. Harrah, 1st sergeant, Aug. 21, '62; promoted from sergeant July 3, '63; mu.stered out with company May 31, '65. 346 HISTOET or BEAVEK COTJNTr. Officers and Non-Commissiokbd Officers — Continued. W. S. Shallenberger, 1st sergeant, Aug. 31, '63; promoted to adjutant Sept. 12, '62. John E. Harsha, 1st sergeant, Aug. 31, '63; promoted from sergeant March 1, '63; killed at Gettysburg, Pa., July 3, '63. Darius Singleton, sergeant, Aug. 31, '63; promoted from corporal Sept. 16, '63; commissioned 1st lieutenant Oct. 10, 1864; not mustered; wounded at Spottsylvania C. H., Va., May 13, '64; absent, sick at muster out. Jos. W. Appleton, sergeant, Aug. 31, '63; promoted from corporal; wounded at Gettysburg, Pa., July 3, '63; mustered out with company. May 31, '65. Joseph R. Dunlap, sergeant, Aug 31, '63; promoted from corporal; wounded and captured; discharged by general order May 30, '65. Robert Riddle, sergeant, Aug. 31, '63; wounded at Gettysburg, Pa., July 3, '63; transferred to V. R. C. March 5, '64. Thomas O. Anshutz, sergeant, Aug. 31, '63; promoted to sergeant-major May 15,'65. John Henderson, sergeant, Aug. 31, '63; promoted from corporal July 3, '63; killed at Po River, Va., May 10, '64. Thomas J. Kerr, sergeant, Feb. 39, '64; trans, to 53d regiment P. V. May 30, '65. mustered out with company May 31, '65. Andrew G. White, Aug. 31, '63; promoted to corporal March 1, '63; discharged by general order May 31, '65. James A. Lockhart, Aug. 31, '63; promoted to corporal Feb. 16, '84; A. M. McCaskey, Aug. 21, '63; promoted to corporal Feb. 16, '84 ; mustered out with company May 31, '65. Thomas Clark, Aug. 21, '63; promoted to corporal; mustered out with company May 31, '65. Madison Risinger, Aug. 31, '63 ; promoted to corporal July 1, '64; mustered out with company May 31, '65. Ruel W. Strock, Aug. 21, '62; promoted to corporal; prisoner from July 3 to Sep- tember 33, 1863; mustered out with company May 31, '65. Joseph O. Scheley, Aug. 31, '63 ; promoted to corporal May 16, '65; prisoner from July 2 to December 27, '63; mustered out with company May 31, '65. Seth W. Strock, Aug. 31, '63; promoted to corporal Sept. 3, '63; discharged January 4, '64. A. B. McKinzie, corporal, Aug. 21, '63; wounded at Gettysburg, Pa., July 3 '63; transferred to the V. R. C, Feb. 15, '64. John B. Clark, corporal, Aug. 21, '63; wounded at Gettysburg, Pa. July 3 '63; transferred to V. R. C. Feb. 15, '64. George R. Boden, corporal, Aug. 21, '62 ; wounded; transferred to 7th company, 3d battalion, V. R. C, Sept. 1, '63; discharged June 39, '65. Ira Kirker, corporal, Feb. 3, '64; transferred to V. R. C. Jan. 10, '65. Andrew J. Diamond, corporal, Feb. 5, '64 ; wounded at Petersburg, Va., June 1, '64; transferred to Company D 53d regiment P. V., date Unknown; discharged' by sen- eral order Aug. 1, '65. Frank N. Johnston, Aug. 31, '63; promoted to corporal July 3, '63- killed at Spottsylvania C. H., Va., May 12, '64. John B. Douds, Aug. 31, 63; promoted to corporal Feb. 10, '64; killed at Spottsvl- vania C. H., Va., May 12, '64. Thomas M. Anderson, musician, Aug. 21, '63 ; mustered out with company May Taylor M. Stokes, musician, Aug. 31, '63 ; discharged Dec. 6, '63. BEAVEE COUNTY. 347 Privates. Anderson, James, Aug. 21, '62 ; mustered out with company May 31, '65. Anderson, John, Aug. 21, '62 ; killed at Spottsylvanla C. H., Va., May 13, '64. Baker, Jacob A., Aug. 21, '62 ; discharged by general order May 30, '65. Bell, George, Aug. 21, '62 ; captured at Gettysburg, Pa., July 3, '63; prisoner from Aug. 16, '64, to March 3, '65; discharged by general order June 9, '65. Buckley, Benjamin, Aug. 21, '62; mustered out with company May 31, '65. Barnes, Lewis O., Aug. 21, '62 ; discharged on surgeon's certificate March 20, '63. Brown, Harvey, Aug. 21, '62 ; discharged on surgeon's certificate, Feb. 11, '63. Bonewell, Benjamin A., Aug., 21, '62; wounded at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, '63; discharged on surgeon's certificate Dec. 26, '63. Bruce, William H., Aug. 21, '62; wounded at Gettysburg^.Pa., July 2, '63; trans- ferred to Ind. Bat. C, Pa. Art., Dec. 17, '63. Bruce, William, Aug. 21, '63; transferred to Company D, 11th regiment Vet. Res. Corps. March 15, '64; discharged by general order July 7, '65. Baker, Joseph, Aug. 31, '63; killed at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, '63. Bell, John S., Aug. 21, '62; killed at Gettysburg, Pa., July 3, '63. Brooks, EliR., March 27, '65; trans, to Company D, 53d reg. P. V., May 30, '65. Coulter, Samuel C, Feb. 29, '64; captured; transferred to Company D, 53d regiment P. v., date unknown. Cunningham, J. H., Feb. 30, '64; wounded and captured at Cold Harbor, Va., June 1, '64; transferred to Company D, 53d regiment, date unknown. Cooper, Robert H., Aug. 31, '63; transferred to Ind. Bat. C, Pa. Art. Dec. 17, '63. Cooper, Wm. J., Aug. 21, '63; transferred to Ind. Bat. C. Pa. Art. Dec. 17, '63. Carsow, James A., Aug 31, '62; killed at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, '63. Cook, Frederick C, Aug. 21, '62; killed at Spottsylvanla C. H., Va., May 13, '64. Cooper, George W., Feb. 27, '64; killed at Spottsylvanla C. H.,Va., May 12, '64. Crawford, Daniel, Feb. 9, '64; died May 30, of wounds received at Wilderness, Va., May, '64; buried in National cemetery, Arlington, Dinsmore, Samuel M., Aug. 21, '62; mustered out with company May 31, '65. Doak, William, Aug. 21, '62; wounded at Gettysburg, Pa., July 3, '63; absent, sick at muster out. Davis, Jonathan I., Aug. 21, '62; wounded at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, '63; trans- ferred to Vet. Res. Corps. May 1, '64; veteran. Douglass, John, Aug. 31, '63; transferred to 95th company 3d battalion, V. R. C:, Dec. 6, '63; discharged Aug. 31, '65, expiration of term. Dinsmore, Wm. H., Aug. 21, '62; died at York, Pa., Aug. 18, of wounds received at Gettysburg, July 2, '63. Ewing, John S., Aug. 21, '63; mustered out with company May 31, ,65. Edwards, Henry, Aug. 21, '62; wounded at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, '63, discharged on certificate of surgeon, October 25, '64. Eckles, Arthur, Feb. 35, '64; transferred to Company D, 53d regiment Pa. Vols. May 30, '65. Graham, Joseph, Aug. 21, '62; mustered out with company. May 31, '65. Grim, Francis M., Feb. 37, '64; wounded with loss of leg, at Spottsylvanla C. H., Va., May 13, 1864; discharged on surgeon's certificate March 16, '65. Grim, Thomas D., Feb. 37, '64; trans, to Company D, 53d reg. P. V., May 30, '65. Gillen, Robert N., Aug. 21, '62; wounded at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, '63, and at Wilderness, Va., May, 1864 ; transferred to Company A, 18th regiment Vet. Res. Corps, Feb. 11, '65 ; dischaged by general order June 38, '65. 348 history of beavee countv. List of Pbivatbs — Continued. Greenlee, Alvin L., Aug. 21, '62; died Aug. 3 of wounds received at Gettysburg, Pa., Julys, '63. Hays, James T., Aug. 21, '62; wounded at .Gettysburg, Pa., and at Spottsylvania C. H, Va. ; mustered out with company May 31, '65. Hunter, Abel, Aug. 21, '62; wounded at "Wilderness, Va., May '64; absent, sick, at muster out . Hoak, Philip, Aug. 21, '62; killedat Tolopotomy, Va., May 81, '64. Hoyt, George M., Aug. 31, '62; died at Potomac Creek, Va., April 25, '68. Hartsough, Amos, March 31, '64; wounded at Wilderness, Va., May, '64, and died Washington, D. C, June 25, '64 ; buried in National cemetery, Arlington. Irwin, Seth W., Aug. 21, '62; mustered out with company May 31, '65. Johnston, Samuel L., Aug. 21, '62; wounded at Cold Harbor, Va., June 1, '64; promoted to lieutenant 29th reg. U. S. C. T., Aug. 18, '64; mustered out Nov. 6, '65. Kerr, Hugh M., Aug. 21, '62; mustered out with company May 31, '65. Kerr, Adam H., Aug. 21, '62; mustered out with company May 31, '65. Knox, James W., Feb. 27, '64; wounded at Wilderness, Va., May, 64; discharged April 7, '65. ^ Kripe, William, Aug. 21, '62; captured; drowned May 3, '65. Lockhart, James R., Feb. 27, '64; wounded at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, '63; dis- charged on surgeon's certificate Dec. 28, '68. May, Martin W., Aug. 21, '62; mustered out with company May 31, '65. Moore, Madison, Aug. 21, '62; wounded at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, '63 ; mus- tered outwith company May'31, '65. Moore, John E., Aug. 21, '62; mustered out with company May 31, 65. Minesinger, J. W., Aug. 21, '62; mustered out with company May 31, '65. Miller, Harrison, Aug. 21, '62; wounded at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, '63; dis- charged by general order June 5, '65. Miller, Vincent, Feb. 8, '64; transferred to 53d regiment P. V-, May 30, '65. Mason, Michael, Feb. 25, '64; trans, to Company D, 5Bd reg. P. V., May 30, '65. McCuUough, John, Aug. 21, '65; wounded at Gettysburg, Pa., July 3, '63; prisoner from July 3 to Sept. 3, '63; wounded at Cold Harbor, Va., June 1, '64; mustered out with company May 31, '65. McCullough, Andrew, Aug. 21, '63; wounded at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, '63; mustered out with company May 81, '65. McCreery, James L., Aug. 21, '62; discharged on surgeon's certificate March 2, '63. McClain, William, Aug. 21, '63; discharged on surgeon's certificate May 27, '63. McCabe, William J. Aug. 21, '62; discharged on surgeon's certificate Feb. 3, '63. McFarland, Joseph, Aug. 21, '62; discharged on surgeon's certificate June 30, '63. McManamy, John,- Aug. 21, '62; killed at Spottsylvania C. H., Va., May 12, '64. McDaniels, Smith, Jan. 28, '64; wounded at Spottsylvania C. H., Va., May 12, '64; discharged on surgeon's certificate Dec. 6, '64. McCaskey, Robert H., Feb. 27, '64; wounded at Gettysburg, Pa., July 3, '68, and at Wilderness. Va., May, '64; captured; transferred to Company D, 53d regiment Pa Vols., May 30, '65. Nevin, George M., Aug. 31, '62; died, July 11, of wounds received at Spottsyl- vania C. H., Va., May 13, '64. Neville, Enoch, March 27, '65; transferred to Company D, 53d regiment Pa. Vols., date unknown; discharged by general order Aug. 18, '65. Pyle, William, Aug. 21, '62;. mustered out with company May 31, '65. HEAVER COUNTY. 351 List of Privates — Continued. Robinson, Andrew, Aug. 31, '62; mustered out with company May 31, '65. Ryan, George, Aug. 31, '63; wounded at Gettysburg, Pa., July 3, '63, and at Spott- sylvania C. S., Va., May 13, '64; mustered out witli company May 31, '65. Reed, John S , Aug. 31, '63; transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps, Sept 1, '63. Stephens, Henry, Aug. 21, '63 ; mustered out with company May 31, '65. Stone, Adam, Aug. 21, '63; discharged on surgeon's certificate April 11, '63. Short, John H., Aug. 31, '63; wounded at Spottsylvania C. H., Va., May 13, 64; discharged on surgeon's certificate Nov. 4, '64. Shivelay, Christian, Aug; 31, '63; discharged on surgeon's certificate July 15, '64. Ssvearinger, William, Aug. 31, '63; wounded at Gettysburg, Pa., July 3, '63; pro- moted to 1st lieutenant 33d regiment, U. S. C. T., March 3, '64; to captain July 10, '65; mustered out Aug. 23, '65. Small, Thomas, Aug. 31, '63; wounded at Gettysburg, Pa , July 3 '63; trans, ferred to Company A, 18th reg. Vet. Res. Corps., Feb. 11, '65; discharged by general order June 38, '65. Small, John P., Aug. 21, '63; died Aug. 11, of wounds received at Gettysburg, Pa., July 3, 'o3. Sloan, Edwin K., Aug. 21, '62; killed at Spottsylvania C. H., Va., May 13, '64. Swearinger, Louis, Aug. 31, '63; killed at Gettysburg, Pa., July 3, '63. Strain, Enoch, Aug. 31, '63; deserted July 11, '68. Taylor; Alvin M., Aug. 31, '63; wounded and captured at Gettysburg, Pa., July 3, '63; mustered out with company May 31, '65. Thompson, John G. , Feb. 9, '64; wounded at Wilderness, Va., May, '64; transferred to Company D, 53d reg. P. V., May 30, '65; discharged by general order Julj' 6, '65. Wagner, Lewis J., Aug. 21, '63; wounded at Bristoe Station, Va., Oct. 14, '63, and at the Wilderness, May, '64; mustered out with company May 31, '65. Wilson, Michael, Aug. 21, '63; wounded at Spottsylvania C. H., Va., May 12, '64; mustered out with company May 31, '65. Weaver, David H., Aug. 31, '62; wounded at Chaucellor,sville, Va., May 3, '63^ transferred to Company G, 18th regiment. Vet. Res. Corps. , date unknown; discharged by general order June 39, '65. Walton, Richard, Aug. 21, '63; wounded at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, '63; died at Washington, D. C, June 19, '63. White, Alexander, Aug. 21, '63; died at Alexandria, Va., June 13, of wounds received at Po River, May 10, '64. White, John S., Aug. 31, '63; died at Alexandria, Va., Jufie 13, of wounds received at Po River, May 10, '64. Wilson, James, Aug. 21, '63; died at Philadelphia, Pa., July 30, '68. COMPANY H, 140th REGIMENT P. V., THREE YEARs' SERVICE. Officers and Non-Commissioned Officers. Marcus, Ormond, captain, Aug. 22, '63; promoted to chaplain Oct. 23, '63. Samuel Campbell, captain, Aug. 22, '62; promoted from 2d lieutenant Nov. 1, '62; wounded at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, '63; discharged Sept. 18, '64. Samuel Kerr, captain, Aug. 22, '62; promoted from 1st sergeant to 2d lieutenant Nov. 6, '63; to captain, Dec. 10, '64; brevet-major April 7, '65; died May 3 of wounds received at Farmville, Va., April 7, '65. Austin, Miller, 1st lieutenant, Aug. 22, '63; resigned Aug. 13, 63. 352 HISTOEY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. Officers and Non-Commissionkd Officebs — Continted. John B. Vance, 1st lieutenant, Aug. 32, '63; promoted from sergeant to 3d lieutenant Nov. 1, '63; to 1st lieutenant Nov. 6, '63; wounded at Spottsylvania C. H. May 13, '64; discharged by special oirder Sept. 38, '64. Addison Lance, 1st lieutenant, Aug. 32, '63; promoted from 1st sergeant Dec. 11,'64; wounded at Spottsylvania C. H., Va., May 13, '64; mustered out wlttLCompany May 31, '65. Walter M. Lawrence, 3d lieutenant, Aug. 33, '63; promoted from sergeant Dec. 11, '64; mustered out with company May 31, '65. William Thornburg, 1st sergeant, Aug. 32, '63; promoted from sergeant; mustered out with company. May 31, '65. Arthur Shields, 1st sergeant, Aug. 33, '62; wounded at Gettysburg, Pa., July 3,'68; transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps, Oct. 31, '64. Joseph Moody, sergeant, Aug. 32, '63; promoted from corporal Dec. 24, '64; absent at muster out. R. M. Galbraith, sergeant, Aug. 33, '62; promoted from corporal; mustered out with company May 31, '65. John C. Robb, sei-geant, Aug. 33, '63; promoted from corporal Feb. 35, '65; mustered out with company May 31, '65. John Mickle, sergeant, Aug. 33, '63; trans, to Veteran Reserve Corp, Nov 15, '64. William Ewing, sergeant, Aug, 23, '63; discharge, date unknown. T. N. Thornburg, sergeant, Aug 32, '62; died July 7th of wounds received at Get tysburg. Pa., July 3, '63. J. M. D. Mitchell, sergeant, Aug. 33, '63; killed at Spottsylvania C. H., Va., May 12, '64; buried in Burial Grounds, Wilderness. Gibson Hoods, Aug. 33, '63; promoted to corporal Oct. 24, '64; mustered out with company May 31, '65. John Purdy, Aug. 33, '63; promoted to corporal Oct. 24, '64; mustered out with company May 31, '65. Joseph Calhoun, Aug. 22, '63; promoted to corporal Dec. 24, '64; mustered out with company May 31, '65. Charles M. McCoy, Aug. 33, '62; promoted to corporal Dec. 34, '64; mustered out with company May 31, '65. James Pinegan, Aug. 23, '62; promoted to corporal Dec. 24, '64; mustered out with company May 31, '65. Geo. Summerville, Aug. 32, '62; promoted to corporal Feb. 25, '65; iQusleied out with company May 31, '65. John W. Stevens, Aug. 32, '63; promoted to corporal Feb. 35, '65; mustered out with company May 31, '65. George Fox, corporal, Aug. 2-3, '63; missing in action at Spottsylvania C. H Va., May 13, '64. Thomas J. Miller, corporal, Aug. 23, '63; transferred to 51st company 3d battalion Veteran Reserve Corps, Oct. 30, 64; discharged August 31, 65; expiration of term. Alexander Greer, corporal, Aug. 33, '63; killed at Gettysburg, Pa., July 3, '63. Richard M. Crouse, corporal, Aug. 33, '63; died Dec. 14, '64. John S. Byran, musician, Aug 32, '63; promoted to principal musician Nov. 1, '63. Timothy Shane, musician, Aug. 32, '62; mustered out with company May 31, '65. Richard Shane, musician, Aug. 32, '63; discharged by general order July 1, '65. Frank D. Kerr, musician, Aug. 33, '62; promoted to 1st lieutenant, 1st regiment, Potomac Home Brigade, Md. Cavalry, April 14, '64; mustered out June 28 '65 BEAVEE COUNTY. 353 Phivatks. Adams, Hugh Q., Aug. 23, '62; discharged by general order June 12, 65. Adams, John 6., Aug. 22, '62; discharged on surgeon's certificate Aug 27. '63. Babb, James B., Aug. 22, 62; discharged on general order June 22. '65. Bryerly, Thomas, Aug. 22, '62; mustered out with company May 31, '65. Brunton, Wm. A., Aug. 22, '62; discharged on surgeon's certificate date unknown. Beal, James A., Aug. 22, '62; missing in action at Bristoe Station, Va., Oct, 14, '63, Byers, Samuel W. E., March 24, '64; wounded at Spottsylvania C. H.,Va., May 12, '64; transferred to Company E, 9th regiment veteran reserve corps; discharged by general order July 12, '65. Boyd, James H., March 24, '64; absent on detached service at muster out. Blackmore, John, March 22, '64; killed at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, '63. Berlin, Johnston, Aug. 22, '62; killed at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, '63. Barnes, Samuel W., Aug. 22, '62; died August 2 of wounds received at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, '63. Chapman, Samuel, Aug. 22, '62; mustered out with company May 31, '65. Cowan, William G., Aug. 22. '6a; mustered out with company May 31, '65. Cameron, James, Aug. 22, '62; wounded at North Anna River, Va.,May 23, '64; transferred to Company G, 6tli regiment veteran reserve corps, date unknown ; dis- charged by general order July 14, '65. Calhoun, William, Aug. 22, '62; mustered out with company May 31, '65 Carothers, William M., Aug. 22, '62; transferred to 2d battalion veteran reseive corps March 5, '65; discharged by general order June 29, '65. Criswell, John, A>ig. 22, '62; transferred to Company H, 3d regiment veteran reserve corps March 31, '64; discharged by general order July 8, '65. Crooks, .Fames, Aug. 22, '62; transferred to Ind. Battery C, Pennsylvania artil- lery, date unknown. Custer, William O., Aug. 22, '62; discharged on surgeon's certificate March 27,'63. Cameron, Christ J , Aug. 22, '62; discharged on surgeon's certificate June 23, '63. Carothers, And. J., Aug. 22, '62; promoted to hospital steward U. 8. A. Feb 12,'64. Coffey, David B., Feb. 29, '64; discharged April 17, '65. Cain, George W., Feb. 29, '64; discharged on surgeon's ceitiflcate Jan 18, '65. Campbell, Stewart, Aug. 22, '62; died May 29; burial record, June 13, '64, of wounds received in action; buried in National ccmeteiy, Arlington, Va. Conlin, William, Aug. 22, '62; died July 21 of wounds received at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, '63. Dornan, James, Aug. 22, '62; discharged by general order May 15, '65. Dever, Shaffer, Feb. 22, '64; trans, to Company G, 53d reg. Pa. Vols., May 30, '65. Ewing, Alexander, Aug. 22, '62; died May 25, '64, of wounds received in action. Ewing, Henry, Aug. 22, '62; died July 21 of wounds received at Gettysburg, Pa. , July 2, '63. Flanegan, Alex., Aug. 22, '62; mustered out with company May 31, '65. Foster, Thomas J., Feb. 20, '64; discharged on surgeon's certificate Sept. 29, '64. Fleegel, Jacob R., Aug. 22, '62; died Sept. 20; burial record Oct. 7, '64, of wounds received at Deep Bottom, Va., Aug. 16, '64; buried at Philadelphia, Pa. Funkhouser, Abin, March 1, '64; killed at Farmville, Va , April 7, '65. Green, John M., Aug. 22, 62; mustered out with company May 81, '65. Gibb, John C, Aug. 22, '62; died Aug. 4 of wounds received at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, '63. Hood, James, Aug. 22, '62; absent, sick, at muster out. 354 histoey of beaver county. List op Privates — Continued. Hall, John, Aug. 23, '62; mustered out wilh company May 31, '65. Hall, "William B., Aug. 23, '62; transferred to 37tli company 3d battalion veteran reserve corps; discharged by general order June 28, '65. Hall, Robert, Feb. 33, '64; discharged by general order June 30, '65. Hamilton, Frank, Feb. 17, '64; trans, to Company G, 58d reg. Pa. Vols., May 30, '65. Hughs, Thomas, Feb. 29, '64; discharged by general order June 5, '65. Herron, Wm. W., Aug, 22, '62; killed at Spottsylvania C. H., Va., May 13, '64^ buried in burial grounds. Wilderness. Hutchinson, Robt., Feb. 25, '64; died at City Point, Va., Aug. 8, '64. Inman, Ezekiel, Aug. 33, '63; discharged by general order May 37, '65. Kennedy, "William, Aug. 32, '62: mustered out with company May 31, '65. Kevan, Samuel, March 31, '64; discharged by general order May 30, '65. Keifer, David, Aug. 23, "62; killed at Farmville, Va., April 7, '65. Keifer, Henry H. , Feb. 22, '64; died July 14, '64, of wounds received in action. Laughlin, Robert, Aug. 22, '63; mustered out with company May 31, '65. Lathan, "Wilson W., Aug. 32, '62; mustered out with company May 31, '65. Lawrence, Jos. "W., Aug. 22, '62; promoted to hospital steward Sept. 27, '62. Lockhart, Silas D., Feb. 27, '64; transferred to Company G 53d regiment Pa. Vols., May 30, '65. Lutton, James M., Feb. 29, '64; discharged on surgeon's certificate May 6, '65. Martin, "William, Aug. 33, '62; mustered out with company May 31, '65. Melvin, James H., Aug. 22, '62; mustered out with company May 31, '65. Moore, Thomas E., August 22, '62; absent, sick, at muster out. Miller, Andrew R., Aug. 22, '63; mustered out with company May 31, '65. Minesinger, D. M., Aug 22, '62; transferred to Independent Battery Company Pa. Artillery, July 21, '64. Miller, Samuel "W., Aug. 22, '62; discharged on surgeon's certificate May 33, '63. Moore, John H., Aug. 22, '62; discharged on surgeon's certificate Dec. 9, '63. Minesinger, Samuel, Feb. 32, '64; transferred to Company G, 53d regiment Pa. Vols., May 80, '65. Morrison, "William, March 31, '64; transferred to Company PI, 53d regiment Pa. Vols., May 30, '65. Mahoney, John, March 24, '64; transferred to Company G, 53d regiment Pa. Vols., May 30, '65. Miller, James, Aug. 22, '62; died Oct. 26, 64; buried in Cypress Hill cemetery, L. I. Moore, Thomas, Feb. 33, '63; died at City Point, Va., Jan. 1, '65. Metts, "William, March 38, '64; killed at Petersburg, Va., June 18, '64. Miller, Gabriel, Feb. 26, '64; not accounted for. McKibban, Alex., Aug. 22, '63; absent, sick at muster out. McCready, Thos. S., Aug. 32, '63; discharged on surgeon's certificate March 14, '63. McHenry, Wash'n, Aug. 32, '63; missed in action at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, '63. McClure, James M., Mar. 33, '64; transferred to 109th Company, 3d battalion Vet- eran Reserve Corps Jan. 1, '65; discharged by general order Sept. 19, '65. McCreary, "William, Aug. 33, '63; died May 18, '64, of wounds received in action. Phillips, James M., Aug. 22, '62; wounded at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, '63; absent at muster out. Parks, William J., Aug. 23, '62; discharged on surgeon's certificate June 30, '63. Parkinson, Wm., Feb. 27, '64; trans, to Comp'y G, 53d reg. Pa. Vols. May 30, '65. Ramsey, Wm. A., Aug. 22, '62; transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps July 1, '63. BE AVER COUNTY. 355 List of Privates — Continubd. Robb, John A., August 23, '62; discharged on surgeon's certificate; date unknown. Shingles, Geo. M., Aug. 22, '62; wounded in action May, '64, absent at muster out. Swearinger, Sam'l, Aug. 22, '62; mustered out with company May 31, '65. Swearinger, Jos., Aug. 22, '62; absent on detached service at muster out. Smart, James P., Aug. 22, '62; wounded at Spottsylvania C. H., Va., May 12, '64; trans, to Veteran Reserve Corps, date unknown, discharged by general order July 3, '65. Scott, David G., Aug. 22, '62; wounded at Hatcher's Run, Va., Dec. 9, '64; discharged by general order Aug. 14, '65. Shannon, Alex. W., Aug. 22, '62; discharged on surgeon's certificate Feb. 23, '63. Smith, Samuel, Mar. 31, '64; discharged by special order Oct. 12, 64. Standish, Garret, Feb. 22, '64; trans, to Company G, 53d reg. Pa. Vols. May 30, '65. Summerville, John, Feb. 23, '64; trans, to Comp'y G, 53d reg. Pa. Vols. May 30, '65. Standish, Alfred W., Feb. 8, '65; discharged by general order July 17, '65. Savage, Robert G., Aug. 22, '62; killed at Spottsylvania C. H., Va., May 12, '64. Strouss, James M., Aug. 22, 62; died Jan. 24, '65 of wounds received at Hatcher's Run, Va., Dec. 9, '64. Swaney, Heze'h W., Aug. 22, '62; killed at Spottsylvania C. H., Va., May 12, '64. Torrence, Samuel, Feb. 22, '64; wounded in action with loss of arm; discharged on surgeon's certificate Jan. 13, '65. Taggart, James A., Aug. 23, '62; killed at Gettysburg, Pa. July 3, '63. Thornburg, Thos. F., Oct. 20, '63; died Dec. 10 of wounds received in action. Uncaper, Wm. H., Aug. 22, '62; died at Baltimore, JId., Aug. 12, '63; buried in National cemetery. Louden Park. Whims, Jasper, Aug. 22, '62; discharged — date unknown. "Whims, Newton, Aug. 33, '63; promoted to 3d lieutenant 33d reg. U. S. C. T. Oct. 24, '64. Whims, Joshua, Aug. 22, '62; wounded at Hatcher's Run, Va., Dec. 9, 64, dis charged on surgeon's certificate May 30, '65. Woodrough, Frank, Feb. 32, '64; trans, to Comp'y H, 53d reg. P. V., May 30, '65. Wherry, William, Mar. 24, '64; discharged by general order June 2,, 65. Whitchill, David R., Aug. 22, '62; killed at Hatcher's Run, Va.,.Dec. 9, '64. Tolton, William, Aug. 23, '63; discharged by surgeon's certificate — date unknown. Tolton, John, Mar. 29, '64; discharged by general order May 15, '65. COMPANY I, 140th EEGIMENT P. V., THKEE YEAES' SERVICE. Ofpicbks and Non-Commtssioned Ofpiceks. James Darragh, captain, Aug. 25, '62; discharged on surgeon's certificate March 28, '63. Wm. McCallister, captain, Aug. 25, '63; promoted from 1st lieutenant April 11, '63; wounded at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, '63; mustered out with company May 31, '65. Thos. C. Nicholson, 1st lieutenant, Aug. 25, '63; promoted from sergeant to 2d lieutenant Dec. 19, '62; to 1st lieutenant April 11, '63; discharged on surgeon's cer- tificate Dec. 13, '63. Louis R. Darragh, 1st lieutenant, Aug. 25, '62; promoted from 1st sergeant to 2d lieutenant April 20, '63; to 1st lieutenant Jan. 2. '64; wounded at Petersburg, Va., June 17, '64; absent on detached service at muster out. G. A. Shallenberger, 3d lieutenant, Aug. 25, '62; promoted to captain and A. Q. M. U. S. Vols., Nov. 26, '62; mustered out Nov. 8, '65. 356 history of beaver ootjntt. Officers and Non-Commissionbd Officers — Continued. James H, Springer, 1st sergeant, Aug. 25, '62; promoted from sergeant April 19, '65; captured at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, '63; wounded at Petersburg June, '64, and at Parmville, Va.,- April 7, '65; discharged by general order June 5, '65. David W. Scott, 1st sergeant, Aug. 35, '62; promoted from sergeant April 20, '63; wounded at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, '68; discharged on surgeon's certificate Feb. 20, '65. Wm. A. McMillen, 1st sergeant, Aug. 25, '62; wounded at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, '63; promoted from corporal to sergeant Sept. 18, '68; to 1st sergeant July 1, '64; to 3d lieutenant Co. E, April 18, '65. Wm. C. Smith, 1st sergeant, Aug. 25, '62; promoted from sergeant March 11, '64; killed at Spottsylvania C. H,, Va.; May 12, '64. Eobert Dickey, sergeant, Aug. 25, '62; promoted to corporal Sept. 18, '62; to ser- geant Sept. 1, '64; mustered out with company May 81, '65. John E. Harton, sergeant,. Aug. 25, '62; promoted from corporal Sept. 1, '64 mustered out with company May 31, '65. Robert W. Anderson, sergeant, Aug. 25, '62; promoted to corporal April 20, '68, to sergeant Jan. 1, '65; absent on detached service at muster out. Benj. P. Welsh, sergeant, Aug. 25, '62; promoted from corporal April 21, 63; transferred to Co. B, 19th reg. Veteran Reserve Corps Sept. 19th, '64; discharged by general order July 13, '65. John D. Irons, sergeant, Aug. 25, '62; promoted to corporal July 1, '64; to ser- geant April 19, '65; mustered out with company May 31, '65. James H. Dowds, corporal, Aug. 25, '62; mustered out with company May 31, '65. William Ussleton, Aug. 25, '62; promoted to corporal Jan. 1, '65, mustered out with company May 31, '65. Jacob Seafler, Aug. 35, '63; promoted to corporal Jan. 1, '65, mustered out with company May 31, '65. Samuel Reed, Aug. 25, '62; promoted to corporal Jan. 1, '65, mustered out with company May 31, '65. Christian Molter, Aug. 35, '62; promoted to corporal April 19, '65; discharged by general order June 8, '65. Joseph T. Johnston, Aug. 25, '62; promoted to corporal April 19, '65; mustered out with company May 31, '65. J. Dickson Craig, Aug. 25, '62; promoted to corporal April 19, '65; mustered out with company May 81, '65. Robert Ramsay, corporal, Aug. 25, '62; discharged on surgeon's certificate March 3, '63. Thomas B. Hunter, corporal, Aug. 25, '62; wounded at Petersburg, Va., June, '64; discharged on surgeon's certificate Dec. 20, '64. D. E. McCallister, Aug. 25, '62; promoted to corporal July 1, '63; trans, to Co. A, 18th regiment Vet. Res. Corps Dec. 20, '64; discharged by general order June 28, '65. A. W. McClintock, corporal, Feb. 19, '64; wounded at Farmville, Va., April 7, '65; discharged by general order June 19, '65. William M. Agnew, corporal, Aug. 25, '62; captured at Gettysburg, Pa., July, •63: died at Richmond, Va., Sept. 13, '63; buried in National Cemetery, section C, division 1, grave 192; burial record Sept. 15, '63, at Salisbury, N. C. Samuel Erwin, Aug. 25, '62; promoted to corporal Dec. 10, '63; killed at Spottsyl- vania C. H., Va., May 13, '64. Wash. D. Tallon, musician, Aug. 35, '62; mustered out with company May 31, '65. BEAVEE COUNTY. 357 Officers and Non-Commissionkd Officers — Continued. Henry C. Johnson, Aug. 25, '63; promoted to musician May '63; mustered out with company May 31, '65. , Henry R. Moore, musician, Aug. 25, '62; discharged on surgeon's certificate March 18, '68. Privates . Baker, Rohert, Aug. 25, '62; captured at Bristoe Station, Va., Oct. 14, '63; absent at muster out. Baldwin, John, Aug. 25, '62; captured at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, '68; mustered out with company May 31, '65. Border, John, Aug. 25, '62; mustered out with company May 81, '65. Brooks, George M., Aug. 25, '62; discharged by general order June 21, '65. Brown, Daniel, Aug. 25, '62; discharged on surgeon's certificate Sept. 24, '68. Bruce, John T., Aug. 25, '62; transferred to Company E, 19th regiment V. R. C, Oct. 29, '63; discharged by general order July 13, '65. Bailey, George S., Aug. 25, 'b2; died April 13, '64. Black, John, Aug. 25, '62; died at Philadelphia, Pa., July 24, of wounds received at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, '63. Bamford, Joseph, Aug. 25, '63; died at New York Aug. 27, '64; burial recorded Oct. 27, '64; buried in Cypress Hill Cemetery, Long Island. Brown, Samuel, Aug. 25, '62; died atFalmouth, Va., May 18, '63. Brennard, David D., Aug. 25, '62; deserted July 18, '63. Coleman, John B., Aug. 25, '62; mustered out with company May 31, '65._ Cain, John A., Aug. 25, '62; mustered out with company May 81, '65. Champion, Jos. H., Aug. 25, '62; transferred to Company G, 6th regiment V. R. C, Aug. 10, '64; discharged by general order July 14, '65. Chambers, M. V. B., Aug. 25, '62; transferred to Company C, 22d regiment V. R. C, May 15, '65; discharged by general order July 3, '65. Camp, John, Jan. 18, '64; died at Washington, D. C, July 8, of wounds received at Cold Harbor, Va., June 1, '64. Dailey, George, Aug. 25, '62; deserted Dec. 17, '62. Dailey, Kelsey, Aug. 25, '62; deserted Dec. 17, '62. - Ewing, Wm, H. H., Aug. 25, '62; wounded at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, '63; dis- charged on surgeon's certificate Dec, 26, '68. Eaton, George, Feb. 3, '64; wounded at Spottsylvania C. H., Va., May 12,'64; trans- ferred to Company H, 53d regiment. May 30, '63. Fisher, Jacob, Aug. 25, '63; mustered out with company May 81, '65. Frazier, William, Aug. 36, '62; wounded at Sailor Creek, Va., April 6, '65; absent at muster out. Faucett, James B., Aug. 25, '62; mustered out with company May 31, '65. Furguson, Israel, Aug. 25, '62; killed at Spottsylvania C. H , Va., May 12, '64; buried in Burial Grounds, Wilderness. Gillin, John S., Aug. 25, '63; wounded at Spottsyvlvania C. H., Va., May 12, '64; absent at muster out. Gilmore, Alexander, Aug. 25, '62; mustered out with company May 31, '65. Gilmore, Joseph, Aug. 35, '62; transferred to Company C, 6th regiment V. R. C. ; date unknown; dischared by general order July 7, '65. Gibson, William P., Aug. 35, '62; died at East Liverpool, Ohio, Oct. 18, '63. Garland, Samuel, Aug. 25, '62; deserted July 7, '63. 358 histokt of beavee county. List op Privates — Continued, Hammond, James, Aug. 25, '62; discharged on surgeon's certificate March 27, '63 Hammond, Samuel, Aug. 25, '62; discharged on surgeon's certificate Feb. 19, '63. Hays, John R., Aug. 25, '62; mustered out with company May 31, '65. Harvey, Daniel, March 31, '64; wounded at Spottsylvania C. H., Va., May 12, '64; ■discharged by general order May 13, '65. Hamilton, Levi, March 28, '64; transferred to Company H, 53d regiment P. V., May 30, '65. Hamilton, George, Aug. 25, '62; wounded at Spottsylvania C. H., Va., May 12, '64; transferred to V. R. C. Dec. 20, '64. Hedding, Joseph, Jan. 30, '64; died at Washington, D. C, Aug. 24, of wounds Teceived at Deep Bottom, Va., Aug. 16, '64; burled in National Cemetery, Arlington. Johnson, James, Aug. 25, '63; discharged by general order June 28, '65. Johnson, Wm. J., Aug. 25, 't)2; discharged on surgeon's certificate Feb; 28, '63. Johnson, William, Aug. 25, '62; transferred to V. R. 0. Nov. 14, '64. Johnson, Marshall T., Aug. 25, '62; captured at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, '63; died .at Annapolis, Md., Aug. 26, '63; buried in United States General Hospital Cemetery. Jones, James L., Aug. 25, '62; killed at Tolopotomy, Va., May 31, '64. Kerr, LeonardC, Aug. 25, '62; wounded at Petersburg, Va., June, '64; mustered out with company May 31, '65. Mitchell, John, Aug. 25, '62; mustered out with company May 31, '65. Maginus, Luther, Aug. 25, '62; promoted to hospital steward United States Army Sept. 17, '64. Molter, Henry, Aug. 25, '62; discharged on surgeon's certificate May 16, '68. Minor, Isaac, Aug. 25, '62; transferred to V. R. C. Sept. 2, '64. Miller, James, Aug. 25, '62; transferijed to Ind. Battery C, Pa. Art., Dec. 17, '63. Main, Enoch M., Aug. 25, '62; died July 3, '63. Miller, Louis, March 2, '64; died at Brandy Station, Va., April 5, '64; buried in National Cemetery, Culpeper C. H., block 1, section A, row 4, grave 113. Marks, George, Aug. 35, '63; captured at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, '63; died at Richmond, Va. Sept. 10, '63., Marshall, Andrew, April 5, '64; deserted — date unknown. McCoy, Thomas, Aug. 25, '62; discharged on surgeon's certificate Jan. 18, '64. McCoy, Milo, Aug. 35, '63; killed at Todds' Tavern, Va., May 8, '64. McMahon, Edward, Aug. 35, '63; killed at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, '63; buried in JTational Cemetery, section D, grave 88. Neville, Lemuel, Aug. 35, '63; discharged on surgeon's certificate Aug. 31, '64. Orr, James W., Aug. 25, '62; died of wounds received at Po River, Va., May 10, 64. Phillips, Theo. C, Aug. 25, '63; captured at Chancellorsville, Va., May 1,''63; wounded and captured at Todds' Tavern, May 8, '64; died at Lynchburg, July 15, '64; hurled in Poplar Grove Nat'l Cemetery, Petersburg, division E, section E, grave' 155. Pribble, William A., Aug. 25, '62; transferred to V. R. G. March 3,'64. Rabb, Henry S., Aug. 35, '63; discharged by general order June 5, '65. Rambo, Thomas, Aug. 25, 'b3; mustered out with company May 31, '65. Rodenbaugh, Jos., Aug. 35, '63; transferred to Ind. Battery C, Pa. Art.; Dec. 17, '63. Rhodes, Levi, Aug. 35, '62; killed at Deep Bottom, Va., Aug. 14, '64. ' Seely, Ottis, Aug. 35, '63; mustered out with company May 81, '65. Shafer, Daniel, Aug. 25, '62^ mustered out with company May 31, '65. Southwick, John P., Aug. 25, '62; mustered out with company May 31, '65. Stone, Stephen, Aug. 25, '62; discharged on surgeon's certificate March 37, '63. BEAVEE COUNTY. 361 Ltst of Pbivatbs — Continued. Shevlln, Peter, Aug. 35, '63; transferred to Ind. Battery C, Pa. Art., Feb. 15, '64. Shawness, Thomas, Aug. 35, '63; captured at Gettysburg, Pa., July 3, '63; died at Richmond, Va., Dec. 9, '63. Shafer, James "W., Aug. 25, '63; died at Potomac Creek, Va., June 6, '63. Todd. John, Aug. 35, '63; mustered out with company May 31, '65. Todd, William L., Aug. 35, '63; discharged on surgeon's certificate March 37, '63. Welch, William D., Aug. 25, '63; mustered out with company May 31, '65. Watson, Eli, Aug. 35, '62; captured at Gettysburg, Pa., July 3, '63; died— date unknown. Wise, James, Aug. 35, '63; wounded at Wilderness, Va., May 5, '64; absent at muster out. Wise, Patrick, Aug. 25, '63; captured at Gettysburg, Pa., July 3, '63. Wise, Leroy A., Aug. 35, '63; mustered out with company May 31, '65. Watterson, Andrew, Aug. 35, '63; wounded at Deep Bottom, Va., Aug. 16, '64; discharged on surgeon's certificate May 19, '65. Watterson, James, Jan. 18, '64; wounded at Petersburg, Va., June 19, '64; trans- ferred to 53d regiment P. V. , May 30, '65. Walton, Howell, Aug. 35, '63; died at Falmouth, Va., Feb. 14, '63. Zimmerman, J. W., Aug. 35, '63; transferred to V. R. C.,— date unknown. COMPANi' A, 162d regiment ITtH cavalry THREE YEARs' SERVICE. Ofpicbrs and NonCommisioned Officers. Daniel M, Donehoo, captain. Sept 18, '62; discharged by special order Dec. 11, '63. James Q. Anderson, captain, Sept. 6, '63; promoted from 1st lieutenant Dec. 11, '63; to major, June 13, '63. Pius A. English, captain, Sept. 6, '63; promoted from 1st sergeant to 3d lieuten- ant Dec. 11, '63; to captain, March 32, '63; wounded at Five Forks, Va., April 1, '65; mustered out with Company G, 3d regiment Pro. Cavalry, Aug. 7, '65. John Sweeney, 1st lieutenant, Sept. 20, '63; discharged by special order Aug. 15, '63. James Potter, 1st lieutenant, Sept. 6, '63; promoted from sergeant March 33, '64; killed at Shepherdstown, W. Va., Aug. 35, '64. Brice S. Ramsey, 1st lieutenant, Sept. 6, '62; promoted from sergeant to 3d lieu- tenant Dec. 18, '64; to 1st lieutenant March 10, '65; discharged by general order June 30, '65. David G. Bruce. 2d lieutenant, Sept. 6, '63; promoted to 2d lieutenant March 10, '65; mustered out with Company F, 2d regiment Pro. Cavalry Aug. 7, '65. John McCaskey, 1st sergeant, Sept. 6, '63; promoted to corporal Nov. 1, '63; to commissary sergeant May 1, '64; lo quartermaster sergeant Jan. 1, '65; to 1st sergeant March 10, '65; mustered out with company June 16, '65. Thomas W. Brooks, quartermaster sergeant, Sept. 6, '63; promoted from corporal to sergeant Jan. 1, '63; to quartermaster sergeant March 10, '65; mustered out with company June 16, '65. David Dann, quartermaster sergeant, Sept. 6, '63; promoted from corporal Nov. 1, '63, to sergeant Nov. 1, 64; to commissary sergeant Jan. 1, '65; to quartermaster sergeant — date unknown; died on board United States transport, March 18, '65. John D. Jones, commissary sergeant, Sept. 6, '63; promoted to corporal Nov., '63; to sergeant Jan. 1, '65; to commissary sergeant March 18, '65; mustered out with com- pany June 16, '65. 20 362 histoey of bbavee county. Officers and Non Commissioned Officers — Continued. John P. Ross, commissary sergeant, Sept. 6, '63; promoted to regimental commis- sary sergeant Nov. 1, '63. Daniel Swearingen, sergeant, Sept. 6, '63; promoted from corporal Nov. 1, '63; mustered out vrith company June 16, '65. Joseph E. McCahe, sergeant, Sept. 6, '63; promoted from corporal Nov. 1, '63; mustered out with company June 16, '65. Samuel Cristler, sergeant, Sept. 6, '63; promoted from private, March 1, '65; mus- tered out with company June 16, '65. Reed Wallace, sergeant, Sept. 6, '63; promoted to corporal Jan. 1, '65; to sergeant March 1, '65; mustered out with company June 16, '65. Thomas S. Javens, sergeant, Sept. 6, '63; discharged Dec. 18, '63. Am'h Hendrickson, sergeant, Sept. 6, '63; discharged Dec. 10, '63. Israel Watterhouse, sergeant, Jan. 35, '64; promoted to corporal Jan. 1, '65; to sergeant March 1, '65; mustered out with Company G, 3dreg. Pro. Cavalry Aug. 7, '65. Frank M. Donehoo, sergeant, Sept. 6, '63; died at Washington, D. C, Jan. 35, '63; buried in Military Asylum Cemetery. John A. Wilson, Sept. 18, '63; promoted to corporal Nov. 1, '64, mustered out with company June 16, '65. John Potts, Sept. 6, '63; promoted to corporal Nov. 1, '64; mustered out with com- pany June 16, '65. iviichael Caler, Sept. 6, '63; promoted to corporal Jan. 1, '65; mustered out with company June 16, '65. M. McZimmerman, Sept. 3, '64; promoted to corporal March 1, '65; mustered out with company June 16, '65. David M. Bruce, Sept. 6, '68; promoted to corporal March 1, '65; mustered out with company June 16, '65. John Mowry, Sept. 6, '63; promoted to corporal March 1, '65; mustered out with company June 16, '65. Abram A. Hartford, Feb. 36, '64; promoted to corporal May 1, '64; wounded at Shepherdstown, W. Va., Aug. 35, '64; absent in hospital at muster out. Jas. M. Lourimore, Oct. 10, '64; promoted to corporal March 1, '65; mustered out with Company Q, 3d regiment Pro. Cavalry Aug. 7, '65. Milo Cane, corporal, Sept. 6, '63; killed on picket Feb. 6, '63. David Hall, corporal, Sept. 6, '63; deserted March 18, '63. John McCluskey, bugler, Sept. 6, '63; mustered out with company .Tune 16, '65. William J. Staub, Sept. 6, '63; promoted to bugler March 1, '65; mustered out with company June 16, '65. Alex. A. Campbell, blacksmith, Sept. 6, '63; mustered out with company June 16, '65. Lycur. Richardson, Sept. 6, '63; promoted to blacksmith Jan. 3, '63; mustered out with company June 16, '65. Samuel Robertston, blacksmith, Sept. 6, '64; discharged on surgeon's certificate Jan 1, '63. Freeman D. Barnes, saddler, Sept. 6, '63; discharged by general order May 31, '65. Privates. Anderson, Findley, Sept. 18, '63; mustered out with company June 16, '65. Anderson, William, Sept. 6, '63; discharged March 15, '63. Bruce, George W., Sept. 6, '63; mustered out with company June 16, '65. BEAVEB COUNTY. 363 List of Pbivates — Continued. Boyland, Michael, Sept. 3, '64; mustered out with company June 10, '65. Beck, William H., Sept. 6, '64; mustered out with company June 16, '65. Braden, Thomas A., Sept. 6, '62; discharged by general order June 12, '65. Brooks, John M., Sept. 6, '63; absent; wounded at muster out. Baker, Benjamin, Sept. 6, '62; trsnsferred to Company C, 6th regiment V. R. C. July 20, '64; discharged by general order July 5, '65. Bradley, Oscar A., March 10, '64; absent; wounded at muster out. Boyd, Edmundson, Jan. 29, '64; mustered out with Company Gr, 2d regiment P. C. Aug. 7. '65. Blanchard, H. W., Oct. 27, '64; not on muster-out roll. Craig, George, Aug. 31, '64; mustered out with company June 16, '65. Calhoon, John, Sept. 6, '62; mustered out with company June 16, '65. Campbell, James, Sept, 6, '62; mustered out with company June 16, '65. Christy, Thomas S., Sept. 6, '62; mustered out with company June 16, '65. Cooper, William C, Sept. 18, '62; mustered out with company June 16, '65. Collins, Elwood A., Sept. 6, '63; discharged on surgeon's certificate Dec. 29, '62. Corbus, Daniel R., Oct. 7, '64; mustered out with Company G, 2d regiment P. V. Aug. 7, '65. Crooks, Nath'l K., Sept. 6, '62; captured; died at Salisbury, N. C , Jan. 8, '65. Duck, George W., Sept. 6, '62; mustered out with company June 16, '65. Duck, John H., Sept. 6, '62; mustered out with company June 16, '65. Dolby, John, Sept. 18, '62; miistered out with company June 16, '65. Dutrow, Lewis, Aug. 24, '64; mustered out with company, June 16, '65. Donehoo, Henry M., Sept. 6, '63; promoted to commissary sub. Nov. 19, '62; pro- moted to captain Company B, Dec. 39, '62; wounded at Five Forks, Va., April 1, '65; in hospital at muster out. English, John A , Sept. 6, '62; promoted to reg. commissary sergeant. May 26, '68. Ewing, George, Sept. 6, '63; died at Gettysburg, Pa., July 6, '68. Erwine, Curtis, Sept. 18, '62; deserted Nov. 10, 63. Fritz, Frederick, Sept. 8, '64; mustered out with compary June 16. '65. Frauk, Joseph C, Sept. 6, '62; mustered out with company June 16, '65. Fish, William W., Dec. 29, '64; mustered out with Company G, 2d regiment P. C, Aug. 7, '65. Gcove. Joseph, Sept. 6, '63; mustered out wth company June 16, '65. Gilbert, George, Jan. 29, '64; absent at muster out Glendening, John, Feb. 25, '64; mustered out with Company G, 2d regiment P. C. Aug. 7, '65. Gamble, Harvey, Sept. 6, '62; died at Washington, D. C, July 10, '64. Hamilton, David, Sept. 6, '63; discharged on surgeon's certificate March 34, '68. Hornor, James, Sept. 39, '63; discharged on surgeon's certificate Jan. 81, '65. Hazell, William, Sept. 6, '62; discharged February 6, '63. Hann, George W., March 25, '64; mustered out with Company G, 2d regiment P. O., Aug. 7, '65. Hartford, John A., Feb. 26, '64; mustered out with Company D, 2d regiment P. C, A-ug. 7, '65. Heister, Wm. C, Aug. 23, '64; not on muster-out roll. Kriner, Michael, Sept. 6, '62; mustered out with company June 16; '65. Knowles, James S., Sept. 18, '62; discharged by general order June, 7, '65. Kenard, Joseph, Sept. 6, '62; deserted Oct. 10, '63. 364 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. List of Privates — Continued. Lutton, Samuel, Sept. 18, '62; mustered out -with company June 16, '65. Link, Daniel J., Sept. 6, '62; discharged by general order June 20, '65. Langfitt, James C, Sept. 6, '62; discharged Jan. 19, '63. Lindsey, David G., Sept. 23, '63; drafted; mustered out Vith Company G, 2d regi- ment Provisional Cavalry, Aug. 7, '65. Livers, Francis D., Sept. 3, '64; died at Winchester, Va., Dec. 24, '64. Morris, John E., Sept. 6, '62; mustered out with company June 16, 65. Miller, Godfrey, Sept. 6, '62; mustered outvi'ith company June 16, '65. Moffitt, John G., Sept. 18, '63; mustered out with company June 16, '65. Miller, James, Sept. 18, '62; mustered out with company June 16, '65. MehafEy, Stewart, Aug. 6, '64; mustered out with company June 16, '65. Marratta, James, Sept. 6, '63; discharged by general order June 6, '65. Marker, Sampson, Sept. 6, '62; discharged on surgeon's certificate March 24, '63. Minor, Stephen, Sept. 6, '62; discharged Jan. 25, '64. Morgan, Calvin, Sept. 6, '63; discharged by general order, May 31, '65. Miller, Leonard, Sept. 6, '62; killed on picket Feb. 6, '63. Martin, John A., Sept. 18, '63; killed at White House Landing, Va., June 21, '64; buried in National Cemetery, Yorktown, section A, grave 39. Miller, Michael, Aug. 8, '64; killed at Fisher's Hill, Va. Oct. 1,'64. Marquart, Jacob P., Jan. 26, '64; died June 36, of wounds received near White House Landing, Va., June 21, '64; buried in National Cemetery, Arlington. Mercer, David, Feb 26, '64; died Aug. 18, of wounds received at Newtown, Va., Aug. 11, '64; buried in National Cemetery, Winchester, Va., lot 10. Matthews, Prank, Oct. 37, '64; not on muster-out roll. McBrier, William, Sept. 6, '63; mustered out with company June 16, '65. McCoy, Hezekiah, Sept. 18, '62; mustered out with company June 16, '65. McCoy, John, Sept. 18, '62; mu^ered out with company June 16, '65. McGonigal, James, Sept. 3, '64; mustered out with company June 16, '65. McDowell, William H., Sept. 1, '64; mustered out with company June 16, '65. McMahou, Joshua C, Sept. 6, '63; discharged by general order June 33, '65. McCullough, John, Sept. 6, '62; mustered out with company June 16, '65. McCoy, Thomas, Sept. 18, '63; discharged Feb. 17, '65. McElhaney, Wm., Sept. 6, '63; discharged by general order Jlay 15, '65. McGrath, Wm., Sept. 38, '64; not on muster-out roll. Nevln, Harper, Sept. 6, '63; mustered out with company June 16, '65. Noss, William J., Sept. 6, '63; discharged Sept. 8, '63. Niblo, David H., Sept. 6, '63; died Aug. 13 of wounds received at Newtown, Va., Aug. 11, 1864; buried in National Cemetery, Winchester, Va., lot 18. Phillips, Potts, Sept. 3, '61; mustered out with company June 16, '65. Parker, James G., Sept. 1, '64; mustered out with company June 16, '65. Parkinson, JohnT., Sept. 18, '63; mustered out with company June 16, '65. Purvis, Alex. A., Sept. 6, '63; discharged on surgeon's certificate July 36 '64 Pauley, George W., Oct. 37, '64; mustered out with Company G, 2d regiment Pro. Cavalry Aug. 7, '65. Potts, Joseph, Sept. 6, '62; died June 9 of wounds received at Cold Harbor May 31, '64; buried in National Cemetery, Arlington, Va. Peterson, Edward, Oct. 27, '64; not on muster-out roll. Ru'ssel, Boston S., Sept. 6, '62; mustered out with company June 16, '65. Risinger, Rich'd. W., Sept. 6, '63; discharged on surgeon's certificate Jan. 24, •«4. BEAVEE COUNTY. 365 List of Privates — Continued. Reed, William H., Sept. 6, '62; transferred to V. R. C, Sept. 30, '63. Ramsey, Milton G., Feb. 25, '64; captured; died at Salisbury, N. C, Jan. 24, '65. Roemer, Nicholas, March 39, '64; captured; died at Salisbury, N. C, Dec. 39, '64. Smith, George B., Sept. 6, '62; mustered out with company June 16, '65. Streit, John, Sept. 18, '62; mustered out with company June 16, '65. Streit, Benjamin, Sept. 18, '62; mustered out with company June 16, '65. Secrist, Abham, Sept. 3, '64; mustered out with company June 16, '65. Simpson, William, Aug. 30, '64; mustered out with company June 16, '65. Staub, Charles, Aug. 8, '64; mustered out with company June 16, '65. Stone, Philip, Aug. 6, '62; discharged by general order June 21, '65. Slick, Milton J., Aug. 1, '64; discharged by general order June 8, '65. Sands, William, Sept. 6, '62; discharged Feb. 2, '63. Stoops, James W., Feb. 37, '64; wounded at Hanover C. H., Va., May 38, '64; absent in hospital at muster out. Smith, John H., Feb. 37, '64; mustered out with Company G, 3d regiment P. C. Aug. 7, '65. Stone, David, Sept. 6, '63; captured; died; date unknown. Seayight, Thomas, Feb. 18, '62; died at Acquia Creek, Va., Jan. 10, '63. Searight, Harvey, Sept. 6, '62; died at Acquia Creek, Va., Feb. 28, '63. Stanton, Michael, Nov. 11, '64; not on muster-out roll. Thorn, John, Sept. 18, '62; mustered out with compan^ June 16, '65. Thomas, Henry, Sept. 3, '64; mustered out with company June 16, '65. Tuttle, J. Hill, Sept. 6, '62; mustered out with company June 16, '65. Todd, Thomas, Sept. 6, '62; discharged Nov. 28, '62. ' Wolf, Daniel, Aug. 34, '64; mustered out with company June 16, '65. White, Arthur W., Sept. 6, '62; mustered out with company June 16, '65. Withrow, Robert, Sept. 18, '62; mustered out with company June 16, '65. Wolf, Jacob, Aug. 10, '64; mustered out with company June 16, '65. Wolf, Frederick J., Aug. 10, '64; mustered out with company June 16, '65. Wetsel, Samued .1., Aug. 24, '64; mustered out with company June 16, '65. Wilkinson, John M., Sept. 18, '62; absent in hospital at muster out. Whitehill, Wm. W., Feb. 37, '64; mustered out with Company G, 2d regiment P. C, Aug. 7, '65. White, Joseph, Sept. 6, '63; captured; died at Richmond. Va , June 22, '64. Whitehill, John, Feb. 27, '64; not on muster-out roll. Ward, Alexander, Oct. 29, '64; not on muster-out roll. company f, lolst regiment pennsylvania volunteees. Officers and Non-Commissionbd Officers. Charles W. May, captain, Dec. 30, '61; resigned Jan. 17, '63. Wm. F. Dawson, captain Dec. 30, '61; promoted from 2d to 1st lieutenant July 31, '62; to captain Jan. 20, '63; resigned Mar. 1, '63. Thomas B. Dawson, captain, Nov. 9, '61; promoted to 1st sergeant Sept. 1, '63; to Ist lieutenant Jan. 30, '63; to captain Mar. 1, 63; prisoner from Apr. 20 to Dec. '64; discharged Jan. 7, '65, expiration of term. James S. Rutan, 1st lieutenant, Nov. 9, '61; discharged July 18, '63. David M. Ramsey, 1st lieutenant, Nov. 9, '61; promoted from corporal to sergeant 366 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTT. Officers and Non-Commissioned Officers— Coktindkd. July 15, '63; to 3d lieutenant Jan. 30, '63; to 1st lieutenant March 1, 63; commissioned captain June 1, '65; not mustered; mustered out with company June 35, '65. James A. Johnson, 3d lieutenant, Nov. 19, '61; promoted from sergeant to Sd lieu- tenant July 31, '63; to adjutant 173d reg. Pa. Vols. Dec. 8, '63. Joseph F. Werrick, 3d lieutenant Nov. 9, '61; promoted to 3d lieutenant Mar. 1, 63; captured at Plymouth, N. C, April 30, 64; discharged Aprils 5, '65; expiration of term . Wm. H. Sutherland, 1st sergeant,- Nov. 9, '61; prisoner from April 30 to Dec. 13, '64; com. 1st lieutenant June 1, '65; not mustered; absent on furlough at muster out; yet. David D. Johnson, 1st sergeant, Nov. 9, '61; disch'd on surgeon's certif. Aug. 4, '63. Clark A. Hunter, 1st sergeant, Nov. 9 '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate- date unknown . Brunton "W. Smith, sergeant, Jan. 1, '63; wounded and captured at Plymouth, N. C, April 30, '64; commissioned 2d lieutenant June 1, '65; not mustered; absent on fur- lough at muster out; veteran. John "W. Wynn, sergeant, Nov. 5, '61; prisoner from April 20, '64, to April 21, '65 discharged May 31 to date. May 18, '65. John S weaney, sergeant, Dec. 18, '61 ; discharged on surgeon's certificate Julyl4, '63. Wm. S. Moreland, sergeant, Nov. 9, '61; prisoner from April 30 to Dec. 11, '64; mustered out March 8, '65, expiration of term. James R. Bruce, sergeant, Dec. 18, '61; captured at Plymouth, N. C. April 30, '64; died at Andersonville, Ga., Sept. 10, '64; grave 8363; veteran. Jacob E. Wench, sergeant, Nov. 19, '61 ; deserted April 10, '63. James M. Carroll, sergeant, Nov. 9, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate Aug. 7, '63. Ebenezer Springer, corporal, Dec. 18, '61; prisoner from April 20, '64, to Feb. 37, '65; discharged by general order June 22, '65; veteran. WilliamH. Toms, corporal, Jan. 1, '63; prisoner from April 30, '64, to March 1, '65; discharged by general order June 28, '65; veteran. Henry E. Cook, corporal Nov. 9, '61; prisoner from April 20 to Dec. 13, '64; dis- charged March 31, '65, to date Dec. 18, '64, expiration of term. William P. Deal, corporal, Nov. 9, '61; prisoner from April 20 to Dec. 13, '64; dis- charged March 31, '65, to date Dec. 18, '64, expiration of term. A. Wesley Leonard, corporal, Nov. 31, '61; discharged, date unknown. Thomas McGoffle, corporal, Nov. 9, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate '63. John M. Ramsey, corporal, Nov. 19, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate Sept. 34, '63. Thomas Barkley, corporal, Nov. 9, '61; died at Roper's Chuicli, Va., June 15, '63. John S. McCarroll, corporal, Nov. 9, 61; captured at Plymouth, N. C, April 20, '64. died at Florence, S. C. , Nov. 34, '64. Joseph T. Elder, musician, Dec. 18, '61; prisoner from April 20, '64, to May 5, '65; absent on furlough at muster out; veteran. Bernard Bush, musician, Nov. 9, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate, date unknown. Cyrus C. Leonard, musician, Nov. 21, '61 ; captured at Plymouth, N. C. , April 20, '64; died at Florence, S. C, Mar. 3, '65; veteran. Privates. Allison, Joseph, Nov. 19, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate, date unknown. BBAVEK COUNTY. 36T List op Pkiyateb — Continued. Arkwright, Sy'n B., Nov. 9, '61; deserted, date unknown. Barns, Milo, Dec. 18, '61; died — date unknown. Brown, Harvey, Nov. 9, '61; captured at Plymouth, N. C, April 30, '64; died at Andersonville, Ga., Sept. 20, '64; veteran. Chambers, Samuel W., Dec. 18, '61; wounded at Plymouth, N. C, April 20, '64; prisoner from April 20 to Dec. 13, '64; absent on furlough at muster out; veteran. Chambers, Benj., Dec. 18, '61; prisoner from April 20 to Dec. 15, '64; absent on furlough at muster out; veteran. Cassiday, Greorge, Nov. 21, '61; prisoner from April 20 to Dec. 11, '64; absent on furlough at muster out; veteran. Coulter, Graham, Nov. 21, '61; prisoner from April 20 to Dec. 13, '64; absent, sick at muster out; veteran. Calhoun, Nicholas, Nov. 9, '61; prisojier from April 20, '64, to Feb. 27, '65; mus- tered out with company June 25, '65; veteran. Cox, Samuel, Feb. 18, '64; mustered out with company June 25, '65. Court, John, Nov. 9, '61 ; discharged Aug. 29, for wounds received at Fair Oaks, Va.,May81, '63. Cassidy, John, Nov. 31, '61; died at Harrisburg, Pa., Jan, 10, '62. Dailey, Thomas, Nov. 19, '61; prisoner from April 20 to Nov. 6, '64; absent on fur- lough at muster out ; veteran. Devine, Thomas, Dec. 30, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate '63. Dailey, William, Nov. 9, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate, date unknown. Dailey, Daniel, Nov. 9, '61 ; discharged on surgeon's certificate '63. Eaton, M. Luther, Dec. 18, '61; died at White Oak Swamp, Va., June 33, '62. Eakin, John A., Nov. 9, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate July 8, '62. Elliott, Martin W., Nov. 9, '61; discharged — date unknown. French, William, Nov. 9, '61; discharged '64, expiration of term. Grubbs, John, Dec. 30, '61; captured at Plymouth, N. C, April 20, '64; died at Andersonville, 6a., Sept. 15, '64; veteran. Holsworth, Wm., Nov. 9^ '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate, date unknown. Hall, William, Nov. 9, '61; discharged Nov. 17, '64, expiration of term. Helm, Samuel, Nov. 9, 61; died at Newport News, Va., April 39, '63. Hunter, George A., Nov. 9, 61; died at Suffolk, Va., Oct. 31, '63. Johnson, Thomas, Nov. 9, '61; promoted from April 30 to Deo. 9, '64; absent on furlough at muster out; veteran. Leonard, James, Nov. 9, '61; wounded at Plymouth, N. C, April 30, '64; discharged Jan. 36, '65, expiration of term. Lester, Cornelius, Nov. 19, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate '63. Lackey, William, Nov. 19, '61; captured at Plymouth, N. C, April 20, '64; died at Florence, S. C., Oct. 26, '64. Mitchell, Alex., Sept. 19, '64; mustered out with company June 35, '65. Morton, Jacob C, Nov. 9, '61; prisoner from April 30, '64, to April, '65; discharged June 3, to date May 18, '65. Moore, Samuel, Nov. 19, '61; captured at Plymouth, N. C, April 20, '64; died at Andersonville, Ga., Oct. 34, '64; grave 11,387. Mansfield, George, Nov. 19, 61; captured at Plymouth, N. C, April 30, '64; died at Andersonville, Ga., Oct. 19, '64; grave 11,143; veteran. Mace, Robert H., Dec. 80, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate '63. Morgan, Benjamin, Dec. 18, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate Oct. 32, '62. 368 histoey of beavee county. List of Privates — Continued. Mansfield, James, Nov. 9, '61; prisoner from April 30, '64, to Feb. 38, '65; discharged May 8 to date, March 6, '65. Marie, Jackson, Nov. 9, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate March 23, '63. Majors, Samuel C, Oct. 19, '61; transferred to Company G Jan. 1, '64; veteran. Morgan, Calvin, Dec. 18, '61; transferred to 162d reg. Pa Vols. '64. Matthews, Wm. S., Nov. 9, '61; not on muster-out roll. McCull, Jackson, Nov. 9, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate March 23, '62. McElduff, James, Jan 1, '63; discharged on surgeon's certificate, date unknown. McKean. Joseph, Nov. 9, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate '63. McFadden, Wm., Nov. 9, 61; discharged on surgeon's certificate July 14, '62. McKenzie, Ross, Nov. 9, '61; captured at Plymouth, N. C, April 30, '64; died at Florence, S. C, Nov. 1, '64; veteran. Nash, Thomas S., Nov. 21, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate Jan. 37, '62. Porter, John M., Dec. 18, '61; prisoner from April 30, '64, to Feb. 32, '65; mustered out with company June 35, '65; veteran. Parks, IVhomas, Nov. 9, '61; prisoner from April 20, '64, to Feb. 28, '65; absent on furlough at muster out; veteran. Patterson, Reuben, Nov. 9, '61; not on muster-out roll. Rambo, Peter, Dec. 18, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate June 19, '62. Risinger, John, Nov. 9, '61; captured at Plymouth, N. C, April 30, '64; died at Charleston, S. C, Sept 25, '64; veteran. Swagers, Thomas, Dec. 33, '68; prisoner from April 20 to Dec. 18, '64; mustered out with company June 25, '65 . Smith, Wm., Jan. 1, '62; prisoner from April 20 to Dec. 15, '64; absent on furlough at muster out; veteran. Swagers, Milton, Dec. 18, '61; captured at Plymouth, N. C,, April 30, '64; died at Andersonville, Ga., Aug. 29, '64; grave 6382; veteran. Swagers, Henry, Dec. 30, '61; captured at Plymouth, N. C, April 30, '64; died at Florence, S. C, Oct. 15, '64; veteran. Smith, Wm. B., Dec. 30, '61; died at Portsmouth, Va., date unknown. Sheldrak, Joshua, Nov. 9, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate '68. Sting, Joseph T., Dec. 80, '61; deserted, date unknown. Tennis, Samuel, Nov. 9, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate, '63. Wallace, Jesse, Dec. 7, 61; prisoner from April 22. '64, to Feb. 20, '65; discharged May 22, to date April 6, '65. Wynn, Hamlin, Nov. 9, '61; captured at Plymouth, N. C, April 20, '64; died at Andersonville, Ga., Sept. 4, '64; veteran. Young, Edward, Nov. 9, '61; died at New York Sept. 29, '62; buried in Cypress Hill cemetery, L. I. COMPANY H, lOlST REGIMENT PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. Officehs and Non-Commissioned Opficeks. Alex. W. Taylor, captain, Dec. 3, '61; promoted to major Nov. 13, '63. William Mays, captain, Nov. 13, '61; promoted from 1st lieutenant Nov. 18, 62; wounded at Plymouth, N. C, April 20, '64; discharged March 6, '65, expiration of term. Samuel S. Taylor, 2d lieutenant, Oct. 39, '61; promoted from sergeant Nov 13 '62; discharged Feb. 15, '65. beaver county. 311 Officebs and Non-Commissioned Officebs— Continued. James B. Kirk, 1st lieutenant, Dec. 3, '61; promoted from 2d lieutenant Nov. 13, '63; mustered out March 18, '65. Eugene K. Flnson, 1st sergeant, Nov. 13, '61; captured at Plymouth, N. C, April 30, '64; veteran. James D. Harris, 1st sergeant, Oct. 39, '61; captured; died at Richmond, Va., '63. Alexander Prentice, sergeant, Oct. 29, '61; captured at Plymouth, N. C, April 30, '64; veteran. John McDannel, sergeant, Oct. 39, '61; captured at Plymouth, N. C, April 30, '64; veteran. Mack Johnston, sergeant, Nov. 13, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate '63. James Graham, sergeant, Oct. 39, '61; discharged Nov. 17, '64, expiration of term. Edward N. Boots, sergeant, Oct. 39, '61; promoted to quartermaster-sergeant Nov. 18, '63. John C. Morrow, sergeant, Feb. 31, '63; promoted to sergeant-major June, '63. Cyrus W. Webb, sergeant, Nov. 13, '61; captured at Plymouth, N. C, April 20, '64; died at Andersonville, Ga., Nov. 23, '64; grave 13,129; veteran. John H. Swick, corporal, Oct. 39, '61; captured at Plymouth, N. C, April 20, '64. Edmund R. Boots, corporal, Oct. 39, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate April 5, '68. Robert Manon, corporal, Oct. 39, '61; discharged on surgeons certificate '68. Addison Sloan, corporal, Oct. 39, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate '63. Joseph L. Gibson, corporal, Nov. 13, '61; discharged on surger ns ccrtifirale '63. Hamilton Creamer, corporal, Oct. 39, '61; died at Plymouth, N. C, '63. Byron il. Fisher, corporal, Oct. 29, '61; wounded and captured at Plymouth, N. C, April 30, '64; died at Andersonville, Ga., July 13, '64; grave 3,258; veteran. John W. Barnes, corporal, Nov. 13, '61; wounded ard captured at PI} month, N. C, April 20, '64; died at Andersonville, Ga., July 8, '64; grave 3051. James C. Kelly, corporal, Nov. 12. '61; captured at Plymouth. N. C, April 30, '64; died at Andersonville, Ga., Sept. 15, '64; grave 8,853; veteran. How. S. Morehead, corporal, Oct. 29, '61; died on board U. S transport Dec. 16, '64; veteran. Sam'l W. Prentice, corporal, Nov. 12, '61; died at Annapolis, Md., March 16, '65. Thomas Robinson, corporal, Oct. 39, '61; not on muster-out roll. William H. Acher, musician, Oct. 39, '61; prisoner from April 20, '64, to Feb. 34, '65; discharged by general order June 13, '65; veteran. Samuel Myers, musician, Nov. 15, '62; prisoner from April fO to Nov. 30, '64; mustered out with company June 25, '65. Privates. Browman, Matthias, Nov. 13, '61; captured at Plymouth, N. C, April 20, '64; vet. Bond, John C, Nov. 12, '61; captured at Plymouth, N. C, April 20, '64. Baxter, Elijah, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate '63. Barnes, Wm. C, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate '63. Burnet, JohnH., Oct. 39, '61; killed at Plymouth, N. C, April 30, '64, veteran. Bale, Jeremiah, '61; drowned in Potomac river April 24. '65; veteran. Brown, Alonzo, Oct. 27, '61; captured at Plymouth, N. C, April 20, '64; died at Andersonville, Ga., Sept 10, '64; grave 8,356. Baird, Thomas S., Nov. 12, '61; transferred to signal corps '64. 372 history of beavee county. List op Privates— Continued. Cole, William, Nov, 12, '61; prisoner from April 20 to Dec. 13, '64; mustered out with company June 25, '65; veteran. Cole, James B., Oct. 39, '61; prisoner from April20, '64, to Feb. 24, '65; discharged by general order June 10, '65: veteran. Creese, John, Oct. 29, '61; prisoner from April 20 to Dec. '64; absent on furlough at muster out; veteran. Coleman, George H., Dec. 3, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate '62. Cristy, Daniel, Nov. 12, '61; killed at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, '62. Cavin, Robert, Oct. 29, '61; killed at Fair Oaks, Va., May 81, '62. Carter, Francis W., Oct. 29, '61; captured at Plymouth, N. C, April 20, '64;. died at Florence, 8. C, Oct. 14, '64; veteran. Callenbaugh, G. H., Oct. 29, '61; died '68. Cooper, Robert F., Dec. 3, '62; not on muster-out roll. Dilks, Jonathan J., Nov. 12, '61; prisoner from April 20 to Dec. 12, '64; mustered out with company June 25. '65; veteran. Dalzell, Robert, Oct. 29, '61; killed at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, '62. Davis, E. Rush, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate '63. Eckenroth, John, Dec. 18, '64; mustered out with company June 25, '65. Fleeson, William, Nov. 12, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate '63. Friday, SolomanD., Oct. 29, '61; captured at Plymouth, N. C, April 20, '64p died at Andersouville, Ga., Jime 17, '64; grave 2099. Friday, Henry J., Oct. 29, '61; drowned in Potoraacriver April 24, '65; veteran. Fisher, David, '61; killed at Plymouth, N. C, April 20, '64; veteran. French, James, Sept. 19, '62; captured at Plymouth, N. C, April 20, '64; died at Andersonville, 6a., Aug. 25, '64; grave 6890. Goddard, John, Nov. 12, '61; captured at Plymouth, N. C, April 20, '64; veteran. Graham, Thomas, Oct. 29, '61; discharged Aug. 4, '64, expiration of term. Garman, Philip, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate '68. Graham, Harrison, '61; discharged on surgeoit's certificate '68. Gear, Alexander, '61; died at Suffolk, Va., '62. Hunter, ClarkM., Feb. 29, '64; mustered out with company June 25, '65. Horner, Joseph, Oct. 29, '61; captured at Plymouth, N. C, April 20, '64. Horner, David W., Dec. 21, '63; captured at Plymouth, N. C, April 20, '64. Hoover, Joseph, Sept. 80, '62; prisoner from April 20, '64, to April 9, '65; dis- charged June 15, to dale May 18, '64. Hall, James L., Sept. 19, '63; captured at Plymouih, N. C, April 20, '64. Hunter, William H., Oct. 29, '61; prisoner from April 20 to Dec. 13, '64; dis- charged April 4, '65, to date Dec. 19, '64. Hazin, Matthew J., Dec. 8, '61; captured at Plymouth, N. C, April 20, '64; died at Andersonville, Ga., Aug. 26, '64; grave 7020; veteran. Hazen, Julius M., Dec. 3, '61; died at Fortress Monroe, Va., June 4, '62. Issara, Wm., Jan. 21, '62; captured at Plymouth, N. C. , April 20, '64. Johnson, Oliver, Nov. 12, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate '62. Johnson, Wm., '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate '62. Johnson. George, '61; died at Yorktown, Va., May 3, '62. Klepper, William, '61; captured at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, '62; died at Richmond,. Kelly, Lewis, Dec. 8, '61; deserted '62. Milliron, John, Oct. 29, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate April 5, '63. bbavee county. 373 List of Privates — Continued. Murray, Cung'hani, Oct. 29, '61; captured at Plymouth, N.C, April 20, '64. Matthews, "Web. S., Dec. 3, '61; captured at Plymouth. N. C, April 20, '64; veteran. May, Levi B., Nov. 12, '61; discharpjed '64, expiration of term. Musser, Wm. H. H., Sept. 19, '62; died at Plymouth. N. C, '63. Magaw, Wm. C, '61; died at Portsmouth Grove, R. I., July 27, '62. McCleary, Robert, Oct. 29, '61; captured at Plymouth, N. C\, April 20, '64; veteran. McDannel, Jas. M., Feb. 29, '64; captured at Plymoulh, N. C, April 20, '64. McCarthy, John C, Dec. 3, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate '62. MoGill, "William. Oct. 39, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate '62. McKean, John "W., Nov. 12, '61; captured; died at Andersonville, Ga., July 17, '64; grave 3481. Nowry, William R., Dec. 3, '61; prisoner from April 20, '64. to Feb. 20, '65; mut- tered out with company June 25, '65; veteran . Neely, John, Oct. 29, '61; discharged Nov. 17, '64, expiratirn of term. Porter, Samuel W., '61; prisoner from April 20 to Dec. , '64; iibsent at camp parade, Annapolis, Md., ftt muster out; veteran. Porter, David, '64; captured at Plymouth, N. C, April 20, '64; died at Audcrson- ville, Ga., June 28, '64; grave 2590. Porter, Hugh Z., Oct 19, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate '62. Porter, John, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate '62. Patterson, Reuben, Dec. 3, '61; captured at Plymouth, N. C, April 20, '64; died at Andersonville, Ga., July 27, '64; grave 4049; veteran. Powell, Charles, Oct. 29, '61; died near Richmond, Va., May, "62. Rutter, John. Oct. 39, '61 ; discharged on surgeon's certificate '62. Robertson, John C, Sept. 19, '62; discharged on surgeon's certificate '63. Robinson, James, Oct. 29, '61; discharged on turgion's ccriiflfate '63. Rutter, William C. Feb. 11, '62; died at Newbern, N. C, Oct. 4, '64; buried in National cemetery, plat 7, .erave 75. Reed, John A., Dec 3, '61; prisoner from April 20 to Dec. 10, '64; discharged May 15. '65, to date Dec. 17, '64, expiration of term. Ru'oy, Robert F., Oct. 29, '61; died at Newbern, N. C, May 30, '63; buried in National cemetery, plat 7, grave 124. • Swick, Daniel W., Feb. 29, '64; mustered out with company June 25, '65. Sloan, Jackson, Oct. 29, '61; captured at Plymouth, N. C, April 20, '64. Smith, Russell, Nov. 12, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate '62. Sands, Elijah, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate '62. Thomas, James, Oct. 29, '61; discharged on surgeon's certificate '63. "Vandvoort, Cyrus, 61; died at New York, Sept. 8, '62. Wison, Robert L, Feb. 27, '64; captured at Plymouth, N. C, April 20, '64; died at Florence, S C, Oct. 30, '64. Wagner, John W., Oct. 29, '61; died at Suffolk, "Va., Dec. 17, '63. Touijgj Philip S., '61; captured at Plymouth, N. C, April 20, '64. OHAPTEE XIV. BEAVER BOROUaH. Location and 0ei6in — Laying out the Town in 1792 — Owners of OuTLors — Sale of Lots in 1806 — Samuel Johnston — Beaver made THE County Seat — Incoepokation— Boeough Administration — Bus- iness Condition in 1837 — Education — Banks — Water "Works — Cemeteries — Secret Societies — Churches — Public Schools — Post- masters — Pop ol ation . BEAVER, the seat of justice of Beaver county, is situated on an alluvial plateau, on the north bark of the Ohio river, about three- fourths of a mile from the mouth of the Big Beaver. It owes its origin to the fact that Fort Mcintosh was established in 1Y78 on its site~ and thus attracted early attention to the locality; though it is asserted by good authority, that on the present site of Beaver, or perhaps a little lower down the river, Hon. M. S. Quay informed the writer, on the David Minis propsrty, below the site of Fort Mcintosh, were found remnants of tnese old French structures. There stood in former times a large town, built by the French, of square logs, with stone chimneys, for the use of the Shawanees, Dela- ware and Mingo tribes; and that those Indians abandoned the towns in 1758, -when their allies, the French, deserted Fort DuQuesne. The same authority asserts that near the fording of Beaver river [probably on the site of Bridgewater— R.] stood seven houses which were deserted and destroyed after Colonel Bouquet defeated Pontiac's Indians at Bushy Run [August 5, 1763], when they forsook all tiieii- settlements in this region. By the act of September 28, 1791, the governor of the state, Thomas Mifflin, was authorized to have surveyed, near the mouth of the Beaver river, on or near where the old French town stood, 200 acres of land in town lots; and also 1000 acres adjoining and on the upper side thereof, as nearly square as might be, in outlets of not less than five nor more than ten acres each. By the same act 500 acres were oranted 374 ° BEAVER ^BOROUGH. 375 for an academy. The survey of the town was made by Daniel Leet in November, 1Y92, the twelve hundred acres being part of wliat is known as the Beaver reservation described thus in the Act of March 12, 1783: " And the further quantity of three thousand acres on the Ohio and on both sides of the mouth of Beaver creelf, including Fort Mcintosh." Under Leet's survey certain lots were sold, and were purchased by the following owners: David Bradford No. 1, 11, 27,42; John H. Eed- dick, 2; Absalom Baird, 3, 5, 6, 71, YS, 76, 79, 112, 117, 120, 122; Daniel Leet, 4, 10, 11, 44, 4il, 50, 66, 67, 68; Craig Kitchie, 8; Hugh Wilson, 9; Thomas McNeary, 12; Gab Blackney and J. Marshall, 15; George Bryan, 16; Alexander Addison, 17, 31; John Nicholson, 18; Charles Morgan, 19; Alexander Wright, 20; D. Bradford and Alex. Addison, 21, 32, 33, 35, 37, 38, 40, 41, 123; David Acheson, 22; Robert McKinley, 23^ 86, 87, (92, 93), 99, 100, 106, 1(>7; James Reed, 24, 26; John Strawbridge, 25; Daniel Acheson, 28; David Mc Neary, 29; Andrew Swearingen, 30, 34, 58-63; George Milligan, 36; John Reed, 39; Mat. Irish, 43, 46; George Baker, 45. 56; John Fisher, 47, 48, 57; John Wolf, 51, 52; Wd- liam Gny, 54, 55; John McKee, 65, 69, TO, 74, 75, 80, 81; Wm. Bradford, 88-91, 94-98, 101-105, 108-111, 113-116, 118, 119, 121. In 1806, a second sale of lots, thirty-five in number, was made by commissioners appointed for that purpose. The names of purchasers will indicate who were residents of Beaver at that time. Tlie numbers of their lots are omitted: Matthew Steen, Guion Greer, David Johnson, Abner Lacock, Jonathan Coulter, William Clarke, Robert Davidson, Robert Moore, James Lyon, James Dennis, James Allison, Joseph Davis, James Conlin, Thomas Henry, James Alexander, Joseph Irwin, John Lawrence, Joseph Hemphill, James McCreery, William Henry, Robert Darragh, James McDowell, Levi Jones, Stewart Rowan Samuel John- ston, Daniel Johnston. One of the early settlers of the place was Samuel Johnston. He came as early as 1796 and kept a tavern on the bank of the river, near Fort Mcintosh. This house afforded entertainment not only for the traffickers along the river, but for those who came through the country on -the "South Side" along the " Broadhead Road" which had been opened up many years previous to enable people to reach the fort easily by land from the vicinity of Fort Pitt. By the act of March 12, 1800, establishing the county of Beaver, the town on the site of Mcintosh was designated and fixed as the county seat. At that time, the Beaver plateau was covered with a dense S1Q HISTOKY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. growth of shrubs and saplings, presenting no such beautiful appear- ance as at present. The new town was regularly incorporated March 29, 1802, and began a legal existence which has been subject to many changes since. An examination of the records of the borough, measurably well preserved, has revealed some matters of general interest. Even as early as 1803 the question of water supply seems to have attracted attention. Public wells were impracticable. A large spring near the hiU north of the town was supposed to be the most available supply. In the records for this year we find Jacob Small presenting a bill against the borough for £1 13s. 3d. for repairing pipes and pumps. The officers in 1804 were — Chairman, Samuel Lawrence; treasurer, Thomas Henry; clerk, Hugh Picknoll; waterman, Joseph Hemphill. Officers in 1805: Chairman, AVilliam Clarke; treasurer, James Lyon; clerk, Samuel Lawrence; burgess, Jonathan Coulter; town <;ounci[, William Clarke, Joseph Hemphill, James Allison, Jr., Thomas Evans, John Hannah. A special election, at which Joseph Hemphill was inspector, David Hayes, judge, and James Allison, Jr., clerk, was held at the courthouse to till a vacancy in the office of high constable, on the 10th of July; William Rhodes was elected, having received a majority of votes. The following is from the poll-book, the oldest of the kind preserved in the county: William Henry, Matthew Steen, Eobert Moore, John Everhart, Samuel Johnston, Guion Greer, DavidJ ohnson, Jonathan Coulter, John^ Light, Abner Lacock, Jacob Small, William Shannon, James Wilson, David Hayes, Joseph Hemphill, David Boies, John Lawrence, James Allison, Jr., Robert Darragh, Thomas Harvey, Thomas Henry, Samuel Lawrence, Thomas Evans, James Alexander, Stewart Rowan, Jonathan Mendenhall. It will be noticed that this list embraces the prominent men in the .subsequent history of the county. Town council in 1806: Abner Lacock, Samuel Johnston and Samuel Lawrence. This partial list, together with an account of the borough's indebtedness to John Lawrence for two and one-half days' .service in repairing water works, $2.50, is all the record preserved. The borough government, in 180Y, consisted as foUows: Burgess, James Allison, Jr.; council, David Johnson, chairman; John R. Shannon, clerk; James Lyon, treasurer; William Clarke, Robert JMoore, Stewart Rowan and John Everhart. Through its burgess, the BEAVEK BOEOUGH. 377 council agreed with Hugh Wilson to build a stone house, 11x13 feet, on the ground and seven feet in height, at the source of the spring which supphed the water works; for Avhich he was given an order on the treasurer for $25.00. Council in 1808: David Hayes, chairman; Guion Greer, John Eerry, John Light, James Wilson. Officers: Burgess, James Allison, Jr., treas- urer, James Lyon; clerk, Joseph W. White; high constable, William Shannon. Council in 1809: David Hayes, chairman; John Light, Guion Greer, James Wilson, John Berry*. Officers: James Lyon, treasurer; James Allison, .Jr., burgess; Thomas Henry, assessor; Samuel Lawrence and Joseph Hemphill, assistants. The assistant assessors received the enor- mous fee of seventy-five cents per day. Council in 1810: Robert Moore, chairman; James Wilson, John Light, Thomas Henry, Stewart Rowan, James Allison, Jr. Officers: William Clarke, burgess; David Boies, treasurer; Robert Hamilton, clerk; David Hayes, waterman; James Lyon, assessor; Samuel Law- rence and Joseph Hemphill, assistants; Thomas Henry, high constable. On the 5th of May, Thomas Henry received a warrant on the treasurer for $58.54 for the erection of market-house. Jo'hn Berry presented a claim against the council as follows : For publishing three ordinances, 3 squares, $3.00; proposals for building a market- house, 1 square, |1.00; total |4.00. Januar_y 9th it was indorssd : " Held under advisement." News- papers then did not grow fat upon corporations. The election held the first Monday in May, 1811, resulted as fol- lows : Council : James Allison, Jr., chairman ; James Lyon, Joseph Hemphill, Robert Moore, Samuel Johnston. Officers : David Boies, treasurer ; Hugh Picknoll, clerk ; Thomas Henry, high constable ; Will- iam Clarke, burgess. The market-house was ordered sold by the burgess under authority of the council. It was a short-lived public necessity. Council in 1812: James Allison, Jr., chairman; Jonathan Coulter, Joseph Hemphill, James Lyon, Robert Moore. Officers : William Clarke, burgess ; David Boies, treasurer ; Hugh Picknoll, clerk ; Thomas Henry, high constable. At a meeting of the inhabitants, held March 10, to determine * Was subsequently removed, and Jonathan Coulter, at a special election, was ch osen his successor. 378 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. the mode by which the borough might be relieved from the difficulty suffered in procuring a sufficient supply of good water, it was resolved: 1. To approve the plan of bringing water to the Center Square, and disposing of it then as might be deemed best. 2. To appoint James Lyon and Stewart Rowan a committee to take subscriptions for secur- ing water worlds, and to report to the council the various sums loaned for said purpose. The subscriptions were taken in sums varying from $1.00, the low- est, to $50, the highest, the latter sum being given by James Lyon. He also gave $3.20 as a donation. Jacob Small subscribed $20 in logs and blacksmithing. The response was generous. On the 8th of April, the council passed an ordinance authorizing two things: (1) The bringing down to the public square, in wooden pipes, the water flowing from the springs in the reserve lot near John Wolf's; and (3) the borrowing of money at six per cent to defray the expenses attending the same. To meet the demands of the case, the council issued bonds to the subscribers to this fund, a sample of which is given : We, the town council of the borough of Beaver, certify that Samuel Power has loaned to, and for the use of, the boroug-h of Beaver, thirty dollars, to be refunded to ihe said Samuel Power or bearer, by six annual iDslallments, with interest, from 7th of July, 1812, to which payment the fund of the said )>orough is hereby pledged. Done in coun- cil May 8, 1812, •A-ttest: Samoel Laweence, Hugh Picknoll, Town Clerk. Chairman Council in 1813 : James Allison, Jr., chairman ; James Lyon, Jas. Wilson, Samuel Lawrence, David Boies. Officers: William Clarke, burgess; Hugh Picknoll, clerk; William V. Smith, high constable. Council in 1814 : Samuel Lawrence, chairman ; James Allison, Jr., James Lyon, David Boies, James Wilson. Offi'cers : William Clarke burgess; Thomas Henry, treasurer ; Hugh Picknoll, clerk ; William Y. Smith, high constable. By an ordinance passed May 11, members of the council were voted $1.33^ for each day's necessary attendance upon official duty. Council in 1815 : Samuel Power, chairman ; David Boies, James Dennis, James Lyon, James Logan Officers : Eobert Moore, bur- gess ; David Hayes, clerk ; Thomas Henry, treasurer. An ordinance was passed November 10, authorizing : (1) Borough notes in the aggregate of $500 in denominations, GJ, 12^, 25 and 50 cents each, to be signed by the treasurer and placed in the hands of the burgess, to be put upon the market. (2) The treasurer to procure paper BEAVEE BOROUGH. 381 and haye the notes struck by the editor of the Becmer Crisis. (3) The highest number of the lowest denomination, and vice versa, be issued. On these notes the first borough seal was used, viz : a stamp with a tree and a fountain, to represent the two important needs of the town. A second ordinance, dated July 17, requires the burgess to charge all traveling shows $5 license for two nights' and the intervening day's exhibitions. Council in 1816 : David Hayes, chairman ; Milo Adams^ Samuel Power, James Dennis, James Logan. OflScers: Eobert Moore, bur- gess ; A. Logan, clerk ; Laughlin Kennedy, high constable. On the 26th of August, a contract was made with James Dennis to build a market-house for $395, the structure to be completed in work- manlike manner by June 1, 181Y. Council in 1817 : David Hayes, chairman ; Thomas Henry, John Light, James Logan, Milo Adams. Officers : Samuel Lawrence, bur gess ; David Boies, high constable. Council in 1818: David Hayes, chairman; John E. Shannon, James Conlin, John Hemperly, Thomas Hunter. Oificers : Samuel Lawrence, burgess ; Samuel McClure, treasurer ; David Eoies, high constable. Council in 1819 supposed to be same. N"o report. James Logan was (?lerk. Council in 1820 : David Hayes, chairman ; James Logan, Robert Hamilton, Milo Adams, David Marquis. Officers : Samuel Lawrence, burgess ; Milton Lawrence, clerk ; David Boies, high constable. The records for 1821 are imperfect, showing only two members of the council : Milo Adams, chairman, and James Logan. The same is true of 1822. David Somers was assessor, and Joseph Hemphill and Eobert Moore, assistants. Council in 1823 : Thomas Henvy, James Logan, David Marquis, John Barclay, James Lyon. Officers : Joseph Hemphill, burgess; David Boies, high constable. The valuation of the borough as reported by the clerk was $48,003. Council in 1824: James Logan, Thos. Henry, David Marquis, John Barclay, David Somers. Officers : Joseph Hemphill, burgess; Joseph Vera, high constable ; David Boies, assessor ; John Pauce, vvaterman. Of the council in 1825 Thomas Henry was chairman, and Joseph S. Moore, clerk. 21 382 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. Council in 1826 : James Logan, David Somers, David Marquis, John Barclay,' Thomas Henry. John Clarke, clerk. Council in 182Y : Eobert Moore, John Light, John Clarke, David Somers, Joseph Hemphill. John Power, clerk. Council in 1828 : Samuel Power, James Logan, Thomas McCreery, David Somers, Milo Adams. Officers : James AUison, Jr., clerk ; Joseph "Vera, constable. Council in 1829-30 : Joseph Hemphill, John Barclay, James Alli- son, James Lyon, Thomas Henry. Officers : William Cairns, burgess ; Jackson Sloan, high constable. The burgess in 1831 was Joseph Hemphill. In 1832 : William Maclean, chairman of council ; WiUiam Alhson, clerk ; Thomas McCreary, treasurer. Burgess in 1833, Joseph Hemphill ; clerk, James Logan ; high constable, James Eakin, Jr. Burgess in 1834, Joseph Hemphill ; high constable, James D. Eakin. Burgess in 1835, Joseph Conrad ; clerk, William Alhson ; treas- urer, John Barclay ; chairman of council, Daniel Agnew ; constable, Joseph French. Burgess in 1836, Joseph Conrad ; chairman of council, Daniel Agnew ; treasurer, John Barclay ; clerk, William Allison ; assessor, E. H. Agnew ; high constable, Joseph French. A subscription for a fire engine, dated Sept. 23, was taken, amounting to $130. The machine was bought for $125. Burgess in 183T, W. B. Clarke; chairman of council, Daniel Agnew ; clerk, William Allison ; treasurer, John Barclay ; constable, Joseph French. Burgess in 1838, W. B. Clarke; treasurer, John Barclay ; clerk, K. H. Agnew; high constable, James D. Eakin. Burgess in 1839, Daniel Agnew; high constable, James D. Eakin; assessor, David Somers ; clerk, R. H. Agnew. Burgess in 1840, Evan J. Henry ; clerk, John B. Foster; assessor, W. B. Clarke; treasurer, James Allison, Jr.; constable, Isaac Jones. No records for 1841. Officers doubtless same as foregoing. Burgess in 1842, Evan J. Henry; treasurer, James AUison, Jr.; clerk, James M. Cunningham; constable, Adam Gormley. Burgess in 1843, James Eakin; treasurer, James Allison, Jr ; high constable, David Eakin, Jr. BEAVEE BOROUGH. 383 Burgess in IS-i-t, James Eakin; treasurer, "W. K. Boden; clerk, "Will- iam Reed ; constable, John li. Camp. Burgess in ISiS-ifi, James Eakin ; constable, Adam G-ormley. Burgess in 1847, James Eakin ; treasurer, James Allison, Jr ; street commissioner, Hugh Anderson ; constable, A. Gormley. Burgess in 1848, John Barclay ; treasurer, Alford R. Moore ; high constable, Hngh Anderson. Burgess in 1819, John Barclay; clerk, Thomas McCreerj^; treas- urer, S. S. Hamilton; high constable, Hugh Anderson; waterman, Joseph Reisinger. Burgess in 1S50, John R. Shannon ; high constable, S. S. Hamilton; assessor, William Reed. Burgess in 1851, John R. Shannon; treasurer, Thomas McCreery; "high constable, George Robinson. Burgess in 1853, James Allison, Jr.; treasurer, Thomas McCreery; high constable, Oliver Purvis. Burgess in 1853, James Allison, Jr.; clerk, D. L. Imbrie ; treasurer, Thomas McCreery ; high constable, J. C. Wilson. Burgess in 1854, William S. Barclay ; treasurer, Thomas McCreery; •clerk, W. Reed ; constable, James Laird. Burgess in 1855, Joseph Strock ; clerk, M. B. Welsh ; treasurer, Adam Gormley ; high constable, William Beacom. Chairman of Council in 1856, Dr. Oliver Cunningham; treasurer. J. C. Wilson. Burgess in 1857, J. C. Weyand; high constable, James H. Dungan. Burgess in 1858, Joseph Strock; treasurer, Dr. O. Cunningham; high constable, James H. Dungan. Burgess in 1859, David Ramsey; clerk, Wm. Reed; treasurer, Dr. 0. Cunningham. Burgess in 1860, Samuel Davenport; clerk, W. S. Barclay; treasurer. Dr. O. Cunningham; high constable, John P. Snowden. p.usiNESs coNDrnoN IN 1837. In 1837 the following business and professional interests were represented in the town. Many of the persons, it will be seen, were the early settlers of the i)lace, and hence its molding spirits. MerchanU — James Lyon, James Allison, Jr., John Barclay, James Eakin, Thomas McCreery, Robert McCreery, Thomas Henry, Abraham Noss, David Minis, Benjamin Adams. . . . Brewer — Joseph P. Johns- "fcon. . . . Saddlers — Daniel Marquis, John Douds, J. T.Conn. . . . Tan- 384 HISTORY OF BBAVBK COUNTY. Tier—M. T. Stokes Shoema^rs—SteTphen Todd, William Fields, J. French, William Conn, J. H. Kemp, Michael Kemp. . . . Carpe^i- fers— Jackson Slew, Abraham Sutherland, James Anderson, J. Yarley. Ptefer^ra— Andrew Carson, Samuel Carson. . . . Coopers— Renvj Streek, George Streek. . . . Blacksmiths— Da-vid Somers, C. Eeisinger, Joseph Eeisinger, Morton & Eakin. . . . IlattersSMvelj, Allison & Wilson. . . . Stone Masons— Morgw & Maxwell. . . . Tallow Chand- ^g^—Daniel Eakin. . . . Innkeepers— Zo\m Light, David Porter, Mrs. Nancy Moore. Physicians— G^N&r Cunningham, Smith Cunningham, E. B. Bar- ker, George Allison. . . . Attorneys at Law — James Allison, WiUiam Allison, Daniel Agnew, J. E. Shannon, William B. Clarke, N. P. Fet- terman, H. Eoberts, S. Meredith, B. B. Chamberlin, Isaac Jones, Thomas Cunningham. . . . Ministers of the Gospel — Eev. A. O. Pat- terson and WiUiam Maclean, Presbyterian; Callender and Joshua Mun- roe, Methodist. . . . Justices of the P^ace— William Clarke, David Boies, James D. Eakin. . . . Editors— 'WilYL&m Henry, Argus; Alexan- der Niblaw, Aurora. Officials— Thomas, Henry, M. C; Benjamin Adams, associate judge; James D. Eakin, county commissioner; E. H. Agnew, clerk of commis- sioners; John Barclay, county treasurer; John A. Scroggs, prothono- tary; Thompson M. Johnson, register and recorder. EDtrCATIONAL. When Beaver county was organized, David Johnson was invited to open its record books. He was at the time, and had been for a time previous, engaged in educational work. By some of his former pupils at Cannonsburgh college, James Allison, Eobert Moore, Jesse Eoberts, William Wilkins, Henry Baldwin, Ephraim Pentland, he was given every encouragement to locate in Beaver, being promised the fees of the several offices filled as well as the patronage of the leading families in a private school, which he was expected to establish. Many of the prominent men and women of the town of Beaver and its vicinity owe their educational success to the inspiring guidance of Da,vid John- son. According to the testimony of one of the number (T. J. P.) but three of his male pupils are still hving, and they octogenarians. Their names are W. B. Clarke, of Pittsburgh; Thomas J. Power, of Eoches- ter, and Eobert Potter, of the South Side. Beaver Academy. This institution began with the establishment of the town. In the records of the 14th of June, 1806, we find the BEAVKE BOEOUGH. 386 following gentlemen present: Joseph Hemphill, Samuel Johnston, James Alexander, John Lawrence and Guion Greer. As trustees they passed two resolutions : 1. That two hundred and fifty acres be laid off the west side of the academy tract, agreeable to the act of assembly in such case provided [March 21, 1805], and that Joseph Hemphill survey the same. 2. That the sales commence the last Monday of the ensuing July. At this sale, lots were bought by Guion Greer, David Johnson, Jonathan Coulter, William Clarke, Kobert Davidson, Eobert Moore, James Lyon, James Dennis, Japies Allison, Joseph Davis (Raccoon township), James Conlin, Thomas Henry, James Alexander, Joseph Irwin, John Lawrence, Abner Lacock, Joseph Hemphill, Samuel Johnston, James McCreery, "Wilham Henry, Wilham Breaden (tailor), Robert Darragh, James Wilson, James McDowell, John Lawrence, Levi Jones, Stewart Rowan and Matthew Steen, all subsequently prominent men in the history of the town and county. The lots varied in size from five acres and a fraction to ten and a fraction. The price may be inferred from the fact that Matthew Steen paid $163 for No. 1, con- taining 9.47 acres, or $17.22 per acre. On the 24th of August, 1806, the trustees, Jonathan Coulter, Joseph Hemphill, Guion Greer, James Alexander, John Lawrence and Samuel Johnston, appeared before William Clarke, J. P., and presented a plat of the grounds of the institution sold containing thirty-five lots aggre- gating 248 acres and 101 perches. The remainder of the five hundred- acre tract was not sold until the 18th of May, 1832. The aggregate sales then amounted to $3,692.75, David Minis buying eight lots at $10 per acre, amounting to $769.75. No building operations, it seems, began till 1812. On the 7th of March of that year, the trustees contracted with Jonathan MendenhaU. as principal, and William Smith, Samuel Eakin, John R. Shannon and Jacob Small sureties, to have made and delivered 140 thousand brick, at $4.50 per thousand ; total, $630. On the 20th of July, same year, a contract was made with Persifor Taylor to do the carpenter work for $350 ; and on the 27th, with Jon- athan Coulter, to do the stone and brick work for $498. Grand total, $1,478. Recourse was finally had to the legislature of the state for authority to put the academy upon a legal basis as will be seen by the following passed in 1813 : An act establishing an academy in the borough of Beaver in the county of Beaver. 386 HISTORY OF BEAVER COUNTY. Section 1. Be it enacted by the senate and bouse of representatives of the com- monwealth of Pennsylvania, in general assembly met, and it is hereby enacted by the authority of the same, thatthere shall be, and hereby is established, in the borough of Beaver, la the county of Beaver, an academy or public school, for the education of youth iu the useful arts, sciences and literature, by the name and style of " The Beaver Acad- emy." Sec. 8. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that the trustees are hereby authorized to appropriate one thousand dollars of the money, which was raised by the sale of one moiety of the land, granted for the use of an academy or public school, in the town of Beaver, in addition to the thousand dollars heretofore appropri- ated, for the purpose of completing the building already commenced, and the procuring of books and other necessary apparatus ; and they shall have full power and authority to loan, or vest in some safe productive stock, all the residue of the money which has risen or hereafter shall arise, from the sale of the land aforesaid, and apply the proceeds- thereof, with the rents, issues, and profits of that moiety of said tract, which yet remains unsold until the whole shall be disposed of, to the payment of the teacher, and other necessary expenditures in, and about, the institution, saving always the said residue or "principal, after deducting the two thousand dollars aforesaid, for the support of the said institution. The excitement connected with the war of 1812-15 doubtless retarded building operations, and interfered with the establishment of the school practically; for no records of any meeting occur until Feb- ruary 8, 1815, when (Kobert Moore, president, and Samuel Lawrence,, secretary) it was resolved: (1) That a school be opened in the acad- demy, February 9, 1815, under the direction of David Johnson for the purpose of teaching the Latin and Greek languages, English grammar, geography, etc. (2) That an English school also be opened in the school- house, to be taught by an usher under the direction of David Johnson. At the same meeting Joseph Hemphill, James Allison, Dr. Milo- Adams, Joseph McFerran and Thomas Henry were appointed to examine one James Stockman as to his fitness to become such a subordinate teacher. David Johnson was given $600 per year for the services of himself and the teacher of the English school. The old academy building thus erected in 1812 near the site of the present Methodist Episcopal church, fulfilled its mission, and was torn down. On the 28th of January, 1858, the board purchased, for academy purposes, the " Porter House " (now National hotel), the step having been recommended by M. T. Kennedy, J. H. Wilson, J. H. Dickson, J. A. McG-illand and J. Murray, committee appointed for inspection and report. In 1863, the " Porter House " was sold, and the fund appropriated to the erection of a two-story brick structure, David Kamsey being superintendent. The cost, including i)rice of lot' was $2,615.08. BBAVEE BOEOUGH. 387 On the 10th of December, 1867, a committee was appointed to take steps for closing the school permanently, and, if advisable, sell the property. Nearly ten years later, viz., February 27, 1877, the school property was sold at public auction, there being two bidders. Dr. W. G. Taylor and John J. Wickham, Esq. Dr. Taylor was the successful man, he obtaining the academy grounds and building for $1,800. The whole sum realized from the academy property, $6,572.37, was then turned over to the public school fund by John Caughey, Esq. Thus terminated the Beaver Academy, one of the potent agencies for good in the county. It may be proper to give a list of some of the officers and instruct- ors of the academy. Presidents of the board of trustees: Robert Moore, 1815-32; James Allison, 1832-35; Rev. Wm. Maclean, 1835-36; Daniel Agnew, 1841^3, 1850-52; Dr. Oliver Cunningham, 1843-50; Rev. Isaac M. Cook, 1852-54; Thomas Cunningham, 1854-57; Dr. Smith Cunning- ham, 1857-60; Rev. D. A. Cunningham, 1860-64; Rev. D. H. A. McLean, 1864-67; Rev. D. L. Dempsey, 1867-69, 1879; Rev. Dr. J. Murray, 1869-70; Rev. D. P. Lowary, 1870-75; Samuel Moorehead, 1875-77; Rev. D. J. Satterfield, 1877-79. Secretaries: Samuel Lawrence, 1815-32; William AlUson, 1832-33; James Logan, 1833-35, 1843^5; Robert Darragh, 1835-36; John Pugh, 1836-38; Wm. McCallister, 1838-39, 1840-43; David Minis, 1839-40 Hiram Stow, 1845-49; B. C. Critchlow, 1849-52; Benjamin Wilde, 1852-54; Thomas J. Power, 1854-57; Dr. J. Murray, 1857-60; John R. Young, 1860-63; Henry Hice, 1863-67; J. C. Wilson, 1867-68; John Barclay, 1868-70; (Interregnum from 1870 to 1875); J. R. Harrah, 1875-77; D. Singleton, 1877-79. Instructors: David Johnson, began February 9, 1815. His con- tinuance is not known; Miss Helen M. Catlett was a successful instructor in the academy 1826-27; Louis B. Williams, salary $400 first year; afterwards $500, 1834-38. Rev. A. O. Patterson, princi- pal, 1838; Rev. Lemuel G. Olmstead, teacher 1837-38. A. C. Mc- Clelland, principal, 1839-41, salary $500; Rev. Nathaniel Todd, 1841- 43, principal at $650. S. L. Coulter, principal, began April 1, 18i3, at a salary of $500 and continued until 1850. January 19, 1844 the institution was opened for the reception of girls. T. M. Hill was employed as assistant teacher. Wm. Y. Brown, principal, 1850-51. Samuel Jones, chosen principal January 8, 1852, and P. L. Grim assistant. Jones' resignation was accepted November 17, 1852, and 388 HISTOET OF BEAVER COUNTY. Kev. Isaac M. Cook was chosen his successor. His assistants were James Huston, A. IvI., Eev. Chas. B. Maclay, A. M., and Miss Juliet E. Cook. Mr. Cook's death in 1853 terminated his connection with the academy. Eev. J. A. McGill was principal 1854:-58. His assistants from time to time were — Nathaniel McCormack, L. Grim, Miss Ellen Gillis, Miss M. Elliott, J. L. Bitner, Miss Margaret Warnock, A. G. "Wilson, Miss Margaret Ledlie, C. W. Mather, Matthew Duff and Miss E. Moon. C. "W". Mateer, principal February 1, 1858, to October of same year. He was succeeded by Simon B. Mercer, principal from that date (October 1858) to 1864. During 1862, he was assisted by S. H. Piersol. In October, 1861, Rev. W. W. Lafferty was authorized to open the " Female Seminary of Beaver Academy," at a salary of $200 per year. Eev. D. H. A. McLean and Eev. D. P. Lowary were appointed associate principals August 29, 1864. This relation did not continue long, for on the 26th of January, 1865, Frank Agnew was chosen principal and M. Gantz, A. M., associate. In August of the same year, Agnew resigned and was succeeded by his associate, M Gantz. He in turn was followed in July, 1866, by Eev. E. T. Tavlor, who was employed for five years, taking the institution on his own responsibility, the board guaranteeing nothing. The contract seems not to have been completed; for JSTovember 27, 1868, a contract was made with Eev. J. W. Martin, who was to take the institution for one year. After six months, the contract was annulled, and the last prin- cipal, John W. Scott, D.D., LL.D., was elected February 6, 1870. ISTo record of his administration is preserved. Beamer College mid Musical Institute. On the 28th of December, 1853, was chartered the " Beaver Female Seminary." Its purpose was the founding of " a seminary of learning for the education of female youths in the arts, sciences and useful hterature, under the auspices and patronage of the Pittsburgh annual conference of the Methodist Episco- pal church of the United States." The charter members were— Eev. Joshua Munroe, E. P. Eoberts, Eev. J. Keiss Miller, Hiram Stow, Benjamin Adams, William Henry^ John Barclay, David Minis, J. J. Anderson, William Barnes, John Allison, Eev. W. G. Taylor, WiUiam Anderson, John West and L Whitsell. The first board of trustees consisted of Joshua Munroe, E. P. Eob- erts, Hiram Stow, William G. Taylor, John Murray, Hugh Anderson, Benjamin Adams, George W. Allison and David Minis. Bishop Matthew Simpson was deeply interested in the establish- ^^ BEAVEE BOROUGH. 391 raent of the institution, and is said to have been the active agent in securing the charter. Dr. D. L. Dempsey was also an early advocate and friend of its establishment; in fact, it is claimed that he was one of the first to agitate the founding of such a school. At the beginning of its career as a female college, the building now designated as the boarding hall constituted the college structure. It is a brick edifice, 4:6 by 74- feet, three stories above the basement. In 1873 the chapel and present class-rooms, affording an additional frontage of 100 feet to the buildings, were built. The portion used for class room purposes is 46 feet in depth, and stands three stories above the basement. The chapel has a depth of 74 feet, and is two stories in height. The ground on which these buildings stand embraces a plat of two acres, the remainder being given as recreation ground for students. The curriculum embraces the studies usually pursued in similar institutions, viz: An English course, Latin scientific course, classical course and normal course. In 1865 a musical department was added, instruction being given in all forms of vocal and instrumental science. Since then an art department has also been added, greatly increasing the facilities for acquiring a thorough and complete education. The first president of the college was Kev. Sheridan Baker. He held the position a year and a half, and retired, leaving the positioii to be occupied by Prof. Samuel Davenport. Dr. Baker is still living somewhere in Ohio. Prof. Davenport occupied the presidential chair about as long as did Dr. Baker. He was at one time editor of the Argus, as will be seen by reference to the chapter on the Press. Soon aftei' the war he removed to Indiana, where he died some years ago. The third and present president is Eey. R. T. Taylor, D.D., under whose earnest and efficient administration the college has attained its present popular standing. The ofiicers of the college from the first to the present have been as follows; Presidents of board of trustees, Rev. Joshua Munroe, Hon. Daniel Agnew, Hon. J. F. Dravo; secretaries, E. P. Roberts, M. Wey- and, A. S. Moore, Esq.; treasurers, Hon. Benjamin Adams, Thomas McCreery, Rev. R. T. Taylor. ' A Female Seminary was organized under the auspices of the United Presbyterian church. Its managers built the structure now know as the Beaver House. The patronage seems to have been in- sufiicient to keep it moving successfully. In February, 1861, the 392 HISTORY OF BEA.VEE COUNTY. manager, Eev. John A. McGill, made an assignment of the property to William A. Laird, who offered it for public sale. Owing to the ex- citement connected with the impending secession movements in the South, the property was not sold at the time, but was subsequently disposed of to private parties, who discontinued its use for school purposes. BANKS. The Bmh of Beaver, tiie first commercial institution in Beaver^ was organized under the act of 1814; James AlUson, president, and Samuel Lawrence, cashier. .It was a bank both of issue and deposit,, and continued business for a number of years. About 1818, William Eobinson and John McNickle of Pittsburgh borrowed a large part of its funds. They failed, and a judgment against them was obtained, but was not realized for many years. Owing to the advance of property in what is now Allegheny City, Eobinson was the first to pay a large proportion. McNickle, who had moved to Covington, Ky., was followed; and through the instrumen- tality of E. J. Henry, Esq., who had located in Cincinnati, some $10,- 800 was recovered. This sum and others recovered enabled the bank to pay its noteholders the principal and a part of the interest on its stock. About 1870, the banking firm of Thomas McCreery & Co., was- organized. It continued until about 1883, when it suspended indefi- nitely. Mr. McCreery has since died. In 1872 the Beaver Deposit Bank (not incorporated) was estab- lished by M. S. Quay, J. S. Eutan, Dr. David McKinney and J. E. Harrah. The proprietorship has changed so that at present it con- sists of J. E. Harrah, S. B. Wilson and Stephen P. Stone. The ofiicers- are— President, S. B. Wilson; cashier, J. E. Harrah; assistant cashier,. Stephen P. Stone. Its capital stock is $25,000. The bank moved into the present brick structure in July, 1887. WA.TEE WOEKS. In addition to what is presented under the head of borough ad- ministration concerning the early efforts to supply the town with water, a brief account * of the present water works is appended. The contract for their constij-uction was let September 18, 1886 ; W. S. Watson, contractor. They were completed December 18, 1886. The source of supply is a filter gallery, sixty feet long, and four by five feet in the clear, sunk in the gravel of the Ohio river, and *These facts were furnished by E. N. Bigger, Esq., a member of the town council- BEAVEE BOEOUGH. 393 four feet below the level of extreme low water The side walls are of masonry, and it is arched over with brick, laid in hydraulic cement. From this gallery the water is lifted to the pump, a height of sixteen feet, and from thence forced through the force-main to the reservoir on the hill back of the town, a distance of 4,550 feet, and an elevation of about 180 feet above the pump. From the reservoir the water is con- ducted over town by distributing mains. The pump used is a Worth- ington duplex steam pump, and the capacity of the works is 200 gallons per minute. The works are owned by the borough, and the water furnished to the citizens is free of any water tax. The cost was $5,618.38, exclusive of reservoirs and distributing mains. CEMETEEIBS. Early in the history of the town, one of the public squares in the northwest part of the borough began to be used as a place of inter- ment. It contains the dust of many of the aged and venerable men and women who have lived and died in the community, and represents a volume of history. It had become so crowdetl that the necessity for a new burial site was strongly felt in the community. This feeling led to the founding of the Bewver Cemetery. In the latter part of December, 1864, a meeting was held at the sheriff's office, at which Hiram Stowe, Esq., was chairman, and Henry Hice, secretary. At that meeting M. Darragh, George Hamilton, John Canghey and Kev. D. P. Lowary were appointed to ascertain where and on what terms suitable grounds might be secured for the purpose. In their report at a subsequent meeting they suggested that academy lots Nos. 38 to 44 inclusive, aggregating about twenty six acres and lying immediately west of the borough limits, could be purchased for $5,000. Their report was accepted, and the property bought. At the March term, 1865, the court granted a charter of incorporation, the names of the incorporators being as follows: Samuel B. French, John May, D. M. D )nehoo, Daniel Agnew, Jolm Barclay, James Porter, I. N. Atkins,, D L. Imbrie, Thomas McCreery, William Davidson, Sr., Thomas Stokes, A C. Hurht, James Darragh, Georjie W. Hamilton, D. H. A. McLean, H. Hice, N. J. McOormick, William Barclay, J. C. "Wilson, Samiuel B. Wilson, M. Dar- ragh, Husih Anderson, William Davidson, Jr., John Sharp, Hiram Stowe, Scudder H. Darragh, Robert Darragh, John Murray, William Cox, Charles B. Hurst, David Minis, Samuel Bcofl, Amelia Blake, WHJiam G. W^^f, J^ines H. Dunlap, Thomas J. David- son, Benjamin Adams, R. T. Taylor, William Henry, Johnson Small, John V. McDon- ald and James McOonnell. The first board of officers elected consisted of Dr. John Murray, 394 HISTOEY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. president, Henry Hice, secretary, and George Hamilton, treasurer. It was dedicated with appropriate ceremonies August 15, 1866. SEOEET AND OTHEK SOCIETIES. St. James Lodge, No. i57, F. & A. M., was instituted in 1870 by James Herdman, president of the Dollar Savings Bank of Pittsburgh, deputy grand master. Its charter members consisted of S. B. Wilson, S. B. French, George W. Hamilton, J. W. Hum and J. Morton Hall. In the election of officers, honors were distributed as follows: S. B. Wilson, W. M.; S. B. French, S. W.; George Hamilton, J. W.; J. W. Hum, treasurer; J. Morton Hall, secretary. The first hall was situated in the Quay building, which was burned to ashes in March, 18Y4. The large property, including its records, was all destroyed. The records of the original St. James Lodge,, established about 1812, were also destroyed— a loss of great significance. Of this ancient lodge, James Allison, James Lyon, John R. Shannon, Samuel McClure, Jonathan Coulter and other leading spirits were members. Of that old lodge, the jewels were deposited with Mrs. Samuel MoClure for safe keeping. About 1849, she entrusted them in the keeping of the Rochester Lodge, by which they were preserved with the old records until the new St. James Lodge was established. At that time they were passed over, and were subsequently destroyed in the fire referred to The present corps of officers embraces — J. M. Buchanan, W. M; A. W. McCoy. S. W; Fowler, J. W; Edward Allison, secretary; Dr. U. S. Strouss, treasurer. The time of meeting is tiie Thursday eveniag preceding the.fuU moon of each month. Its lodge is a good one, in the Quay building. The membership is fifty. Oocidental Lodge, No. 7W, L. 0. 0. F., was chartered August 8, 1870. Its organization took place September 8, 1870, the officers being D. Woodruff, D. D. G. M. The charter members were — A. G. White, Samuel Johnson, S. J. Johnson, Dr. J. S. McNutt, Albert Russell, J. H. McCrearj-^, James Fogg, David Shumaker, J. S. Rutan, Dr. David McKinney, Hiram Manor, John E. Harton, Adam Stone, Wm. Dunn, John Moore, Madison Moore, Fred Merriraan, Joiin F. Dravo, Jona- than Dobbs and John Niblo. The first corps of officers embraced A. G. White, IST. G; Samuel Johnson, V. G.; J. H. McCreary, secretary;* Albert Russell, assistant secretary; William Dunn, treasurer. In March, 1874, the Quay building was destroyed by fire, by which BEAVER BOROUGH. 395 the lodge sustained the loss of all its furniture and regalia, and a part of its books. This was a valuable saving, as it preserved the only means of ascertaining the financial standing of the members. A new charter was obtained, and the invitation of Beaver Lodge, No. 306, at Bridge- water to use their hall until a new one could be secured, was accepted. The Quay bloclc having been rebuilt, a permanent hall was provided, which is now in use by the lodge. The present corps of officers consists of William J. Bennett, N". G.; David E. Weyand, V. G.; W. F. Farr, secretary; David May, assistant secretary; James Fogg, treasurer. The membership at present (August, 1887,) is fifty-five, and is in a. prosperous condition. Beaver Post, jS"o. Ji-73, G. A. S., was organized March 19, 1885, with these charter members — Andrew G. White, Isaac Minor, Henrv Edwards, John D. Irons, John McCullough, Moses B. Sloan, Samuel Hamilton, Heiiry E. Cook, Darius Singleton, Elliott W. McGinnis, John E. Harton, Thomas Clark, John Rising, Joseph W. Miller, James Crooks, James Fogg, Geo. W. Johnson, Jacob Weyand, Samuel D. Swaney, Washington D. Tallon, Marcius C. Harton, Christie Craner and James H. Cunningham. First Officers: A. G. White, post commander; Samuel Hamilton, S. V. C; John E. Harton, J. V. C; James Crooks, Q. M.; M. B. Sloan, chaplain; J. W. Miller, secretary; Thomas Clark, 0. G.; G. W. Johnston, Q. M. S.; John Rising, adjutant; James Fogg, S. M. Present corps: John E. Harton, P.C; Thomas Clark, S.V.C; Isaac Minor, J. V. C; Moses B. Sloan, Q. M.; Andrew G. White, sur- geon; Darius Singleton, chaplain; James Fogg, 0. D.; Marcius C. Har. ton, O. G.; James Irons, S. M.; John Rising, Q. M S. WomoM^s Ohristicm Temperance Union was established in Beaver, in November, 1881, the organization having been effected in the Pres- byterian church by Mrs. Frances L. Swift, state president, Allegheny. Of the sixty-seven members who constituted the organization, Mrs. Rev. D. J. Satterfield was chosen president; she has been succeeded by Mrs. W. A. Eadie and Mrs. J. L. Anderson. The secretaries have been Miss L. C. Wilson, Miss E. Allison, and Mrs. A. S. Moore. Mrs. E. M. Wilkinson has served as treasurer. For five years these ladies remon- strated against the granting of license to a certain hotel in a neighbor- ing borough, and finally succeeded in their purpose. The membership at present (1887) is fifty-four. The annual expenses amount to $52.39. The condition of the union is favorable. The Yo^mg Womam's Ch/ristian Temperance Union, the outgrowth 396 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. of the preceding, was organized in August, 1884. by Mrs. William Pat- ten, state superintendent. The original members embraced Misses Maggie Gamble, Mattie G-amble, Emma Shaiffer, Satira Shaiflfer, Car- rie Taylor, Julia Taylor, Anna Shaw, Cordelia Griffin, Lida Patterson, Eva Patterson, Minnie Ackley, Mary E. Scroggs, Eena Singleton, and Mary C. Harper. The officers are— President, Miss Mary C. Harper; -vice-president, Miss Eena Singleton; corresponding secretary, Miss.- M. E. Scroggs; recording secretary, Satira Shaiffer; treasurer, Miss Emma Shaiffer. The purpose of this organization is thus expressed by its president: "To advance the cause of temperance, by agitation and education, through distribution of literature, lectures, etc.; also, to work for social purity and kindred reforms." It has about seventy- five mem- bers. The annual expenses are |50. The condition of the union is represented as good. CHUECHES. Beaver has always been noted for the interest taken in its churches. It has become the permanent home of many retired and active preach- ers; for which as well as other reasons it has become known as the '• Saints' Rest." "We give below a view of its church history, commenc- ing with the pioneer organization. Presbyterian Chitrch of Bea/oer. The origin of this congregation is involved in doubt. That members of the denomination lived in the settlement as earl/ as 1796 is very probable, and that they sought the means of religious instruction, from the first, is more than likely. No traces of an organization, however, can be found at this early date. As enrly as 1799, Beaver Town appears on the records of the Presbytery of Ohio, to which the territory then belonged, as an applicant for sitp- plies, and so on for a year. In April, 1802, the Presbytery of Erie was formed, embracing the settlements north and northwest of the Ohio and Allegheny rivers. The Beaver congregation was included. In 1808 Erie Presbytery was divided, and the part including Beaver was assigned to the Hartford Presbytery. On the third Sunday of April, 1810, Eev. James Satterfield preached at Beaver. On the 31st of August, 1813, however, the fi"rst regular pastor, Rev. Ezekiel Glas- gow, was installed. On that occasion the sermon was delivered by Eev. IM^athan B. Derrow, and the charge was presented by Eev. Thos. E. Hughes. The pastorate of Mr. Glasgow was brief, as will be learned from the epitaph on his tomb in Beaver: " Sacred to the memory of Eev. Ezekiel Glasgow, pastor of the congregations of Bea- BEAVEE BOROUGH. 397 ver and Salem, who departed this life the 23d day of April, 1814, in the 2yth year of his age." In the early days of the congregation, meetings seem to have been held in the grove and at private houses till the courthouse was ■completed in 1810, when it became a place of preaching for all denom- inations. With the exception of supplies at irregular limes, the con- gregation was without a pastor from the death. of Mr. Glasgow till the first Sunday in May, 1823, when, according to the records, "Eev. Will- iam Maclean undertook the pastoral charge of the church and congre- gation " At that date the membership was thirty eight, the ruling- elders being. James Jackson, Andrew Jackson, David Johnson and "William Anderson. From the time of his call to the time of his installation, which occurred April 6, 1824, the membership was increased by various accessions from thirty-eight to ninety. In 1831 the number of communicants is reported to have been 213. During the pastorate of Mr. Maclean, which continued till the I2th of January, 1836, a house of worship was erected — probably in 1825; for in March, 1824, an act of the legislature authorized the congregation to erect a house of worship on southeast public square, and to enclose a yard not ■exceeding one fourth of an acre. The walls of that house still stand, but the structure has undergone many changes. In May, 183{), Eev. A. O. Patterson became pastor, and continued in that relation till June, 1839. During this period seventy-six addi- tions were made to the congregation; and during this period (1837) occurred the death of David Johnson, first prothonatory of the county, a prominent teacher, and one of the original elders of the congre- gation. From June, 1839, to November, 1840, the pastorate was vacant, there being occasional preaching by Eev. D. X. Junkin, Eev. James Satterfield and others. At the latter date, Eev. A. B. Quay began his pastoral labors, and with the exception of a few months given as agent to the general assembly's board of education in the early part of 1842, continued in such labor until February, 1842, when he resigned to accept an appointment from the board of foreign mis- sions. He labored in different religious and [ihilanthropic fields till the time of his death in Beaver in 1850. For a period of about three years and a half following the retirement of Mr. Quay, the church was with- out a regular pastor. It was a period of "bickering and strife and dis- sension, resulting ultimately in permanent division." Without attempt- ing to chronicle all the events of this controversy, we may state that, contrary to the judgment of a part of the eldership and membership, 398 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COTTNTT. the majority of the congregation desired the pastoral services of Eev. Isaac M. Cook, as opposed to those of Eev. John M. Lowrie. This rivalry finally resulted in division of the congregation, four elders and eighty -one members being dismissed January 23, 1845, to unite with a congregation about to be organized at Bridgewater. The retiring elders were James Jackson, John Carothers, David Eakin and John Alcorn. The Beaver church shortly after the withdrawal mentioned con- sisted of two elders (one being Thomas Henry) and sixty -nine mem- bers. In September following, Rev. B. C. Critchlow, Grier MoWill- iams and Joshua Logan were added to the session, the first being pastor and moderator. Mr. Critchlow continued as pastor till April 5, 1852, when he resigned to devote his whole time to the church at "Rew Brighton, to which he had been giving half of his labors. In July, 1852, Rev. W. G. Taylor was chosen pastor, and regularly installed May 5, 1853. This relationship continued till September, 1856, when at his own request the pastor was released. From 1856 till May, 1862, the charge was vacant, except the supply furnished by Eev. J. F. McClaren, who preached every other Sunday. September 7, 1862, Rev. Dr. P. Lowary began a supply work, and through varying successes labored as pastor till death removed him from earthly con- flicts, March 31, 1873. On the Sunday following this death, Rev. D. J. Satterfield, preached, and on May 5th, was regularly employed at a salarv of $1,000 per year. With great acceptance he labored for the congregation till he resigned, June 28, 1885. Methodist Episcopal Church. From Judge Agnew, M. Weyand, and others the following facts concerning this congregation are gleaned: The first effort to establish Methodism in Beaver county was made by Rev. John Swazey, generally known as "Father Swazey," in the Coulter House, kept by Jonathan Coulter, once sheriff of the county. This occurred about 1821. The members of the church at that early day were Mrs. Robert Moore, Mrs. Katherine Gibbs, Mrs. Mary Somers, William Adams, Benjamin Adams, Robert Darragh, Dr. Milo Adams, Joseph Vera, John T. Miller, George Hinds and others. The act of the assembly authorizing the erection of a church edifice on the public square is dated April 10, 1826; and the names of those empowered to act under it were Benjamin Adams, Robert Darragh, Milo Adams, Joseph Vera and John T. Miller. The first building was erected in 1829-30. It was a brick structure, onejstory r.'^^^r. ' 'i^ .^ ^CUy-.^"^. BEAVER BOROUGH. 401 in height, about 45 by 60 feet. It was a plain building as to expense. It served the purposes of the congregation till ISYl, Avhen the present structure, a two-story brick 60 by 80, was erected at a cost of $17,000. It was dedicated June 23, 18Y2, Bishop Matthew Simpson preaching the morning discourse, and Dr. Newman, chaplain United States Senate, delivering the evening discourse, when the remaining debt of $300 was lifted. Among the early preachers were Eevs. Charles Cook, D.D. (who is said to have organized the congregation about 1825), Holt, George S. Holmes, Samuel Adams, M.D., Josiah Adams, N. Callender and Z. H. Coston. From 1838 to October, 1887, the list is as follows, the figures referring to number of years' service: Joshua Monroe, 1; Abner Jackson, 1; Jeremiah Knox, 1; William Stevens, 2; J. M. Brady, 2; Warner Long, 2; D. L. Dempsey, 2; E. G. Nicholson, 1; J. W. F. Auld, 1; Hamilton Cree, 2; George S. Holmes, 1; Josiah Dillon, 2; Josiah Gibson, 1; Thomas McCleery, 2; S. M. Hickman, 1; M. L. Weekly, 2; T. Davidson, 1; H. W. Baker, 1; S. Burt, 3; W. H. Locke, 3; J. S. Bracken, 2; James HoUingshead, 1; William Lynch, 3; Hiram Miller, 3; I. A. Pearce, 2; E. B. Mansel], 3; W. B. Watkins, 3. Roman Catholic Church (SS. Peter and Paul) is situated on the line between Beaver and Bridgewater. Concerning its history little ■could be ascertained beyond what is found in the following announce- ments. In the Z>emoc?'«!!?c IFafcA?7i«n. of September 18, 1835, appears this appeal: TO THE CATHOLICS OP BEAVER COUNTY: Owing to tlie generosity of an enlightened and liberal Protestant, J. W. Hemp- hill, of Bridgewater, giving a lot of ground to build a Catholic church in that vicinity, we, the undersigned, have offered a subscription and hope that the Catholics of Beaver county and elsewhere will not lose this favorable opportunity of providing a place of divine worship for themselves and their post rity, but will step forward and contribute as much as they can afford so as to erect a convenient and respectable building for that purpose. We hope our Protestant fellow-citizens will assist us in this charitable and Chris- tian undertaking. H. McGuiRE, M. O'Bykne, J. C. Murphy. The response must have been quite generous, for the little frame house now used was dedicated in due time. Witness the appended: NOTICE . The Roman Catholic Bishop Kendrick, of Philadelphia, will be In Bridgewater 32 402 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. 29th inst., to dedicate the new church in that town. There will be a sermon preached on that occasion, and a subscription to aid in paying expenses of building the church. H. McGuiRB, 1 ^/ 9'-^"^"^^' [Building Committee. M. Bleak, f " J. C. Murphy, J June 30, 1837. United Presbyterian Church* of Beaver. This congregation of religious worsliipers was organized m 1853, through the efforts of Eev. jr. A. McGill. It was regularly chartered under the laws of the state on the 10th June, 1868, the following names being attached to the application: J. C. Wilson, James Crawford, W. Myers, T. Smith Stokes, D. L. Imbrie, A. M. Mahan, James Kamsey, William Wallace, E. S. Imbrie, E. M. Thomas and H. E. Herford. The present brick edifice was erected in 1861, at an expense of $3,000. It is a pleasant room, favorably situated on Main street. The average pastorate has num- bered about five years. The following ministers have served in the pastorate: Eev. J. A. McGill. 1853-60; Eev. D. H. A. McLean, 1861-67; Eev. J. C. Wilson, 1868-71; Eev. J. A. Wilson, 1872-75; Eev. J. D. Sands, 1876-79; Eev. W. A. Edie, 1880-87. The last named gentlemen joined the Presbyte- rians in 1887, and was at once given a charge. Eev. W. S. Harper is at present acting as the pastor, and will continue to do so, though not yet regularly installed. The membership is some two hundred. The congregation is in good working condition. Its growth must be grad- ual, as a matter of course. PUBLIC SCHOOLS. As detailed in a previous part of this chapter, Beaver Academy seemed to absorb the greater part of attention on the part of the people of the place. As early as 1835 the Beaver school district was formed, including Beaver, Yanport, Bridgewater and Sharon. The first board of directors was chosen in 1835. In 1837 preparations began to be made for the erection of two one-story buildings, which was done the following year. They were used until replaced by the present large one, which was erected, against a most determined opposition, in 1861. The directors were requested to resign, but they respectfully declined, and completed their building. JSTow people rise up and call their memory blessed because they did the right thing under the circumstances. *Facta furnished by D. A. Nelson, Esq., clerk of the church. BEAVEE BOROUGH. 403 POSTOFFIOE AND POSTMASTERS. The postoffice was first called Beaver Town, which name it main- tained until 1829, when it was changed to Beaver The postmasters who served from tlie first, with dates of appointment, are embraced in the following list: James Alexander, January 1, 1803; Joseph Hemphill, July 1, 1803; James Alexan. der, April 9, 1804; John C. Weiser, January 1, 1816; James Alexander, June 11, 1818; Andrew Logan, April 34, 1833; Charles Carter, May 38, 1838; James Lyon, June 1, 1841; Elvira D. Carter, December 27, 1855; Miss Margaret J. Anderson, July 33, 1861; Mrs. S. J. MoGafflck, November 1, 1866; Miss M. A. McGafflck, January 38, 1867; Mrs. Sophia C. Hayes, February 13, 1868; Miss M. A. McGafflck, February 15, 1869; Miss N. B. Imbrie, March 19, 1875; Mary E. Imbrie, January 39, 1883; Daniel M. Donehoo, March 17, 1887. ^ MISCELLANEOUS. "^ The population of the borough by the census of 1880 was 1278' For sketch of the celebrated Fort Mcintosh, see page 87, Chapter III CHAPTER XT. BEAVEE FALLS BOEOUGH. Location and Impoetance — Gtenekal Beoadhead's Landed Inteeest — Chan&e op Name — Business Condition in 1841 — Old Beighton Laid ut^ — Inooepoeation — Postmastees — Education — Ohueches — Societies — Manufactueing — Banks — Steeet Eailway. THIS thrifty borough, which the editor of "Hazard's Eegister" for September, 1831, predicted would be, in a few years, the Manchester of America, is comparatively new as a corporation. Its superior loca- tion on the west bank of Big Beaver, about four miles from its mouth; its superior water-power and railroad facilities; and, withal, the active impulse given to its enterprises by its first settlers — which has not been sacrificed by their worthy successors — have made it the metropolis of Beaver county, and the mercantile emporium of Beaver valley. As early as the revolutionary war this region attracted the atten- tion of those interested in good sites for residences or manufacturing purposes. The lands on which the borough is located were patented by General Daniel Broadhead, who succeeded General Lachlan Mcintosh in command of the "Western Department, with headquarters at Fort Pitt. This occurred in 1779. A resident for a time of Lancaster in the eastern part of the state where water privileges were highly appreci- ated, and located afterward at the forks of the Ohio from which he could readily investigate the claims of the various landed interests in his re- gion, he was prepared to act intelligently so soon as the lands in this region were opened up. On the 12th of March, 1793, the legislature of Pennsylvania passed the law opening up for sale and settlement the lands lying north of the Ohio and west of the Allegheny rivers. General Broadhead at once apphed for a warrant for two tracts of 400 acres each, embracing the " black walnut bottoms," the land upon which the future metropolis was laid out. He had this tract regularly entered, surveyed and paid for, and intended to open a settlement. Before this could be consum- 404 BEAVEE FALLS BOEOtTGH. 405 mated, the destructive and terrible Indian war in the Northwest broke out, preventing all settlements. The lands lay in their wild state until the close of the war, which was effected by the treaty of Greenville in 1795. The ravages of this war and his advancing age prevented the general from making personal settlement. ^ In August, 1801,* this desirable tract M'as sold by General Broad- head to David Hoopes, a resident of Chester county. Pa., for the use of the firm of Messrs. Hoopes, Townsend & Co., who intended, at once, to utilize the superior water-power afforded by the site. At this time there were three general divisions of the Falls of Beaver: The Ujpfer Falls, owned by Dr. Samuel Adams, an early settler and a prominent citizen whose descendant's were leading spirits in the future developments of the county. Few early enterprises were re- garded assured without the cooperation of his son, Dr. Milo Adams. Dr. Samuel Adams owned and managed a sawmill at his site. The Middle Falls, owned by David Hoopes, who, with the aid of Townsend & Co. as partners in the firm of Hoopes, Townsend & Co., erected a sawmill. In a short time this was burned down, but a new one, Phcenix-like, sprang from its ashes ; afterwards it was increased by the addition of a flouring mill, the second of the kind in the valley. Not long thereafter the company began the erection of a forge on the river a short distance above the mills ; but before the work was com- pleted, the whole property came into the possession of Isaac Wilson, the transfer being made in 1805. This forge was completed in 1806, and began to be operated. Mr. Wilson built also a charcoal furnace, but, prior to its completion, he had sold a half interest in the entire plant to Messrs, Barker & Gregg for $16,000, the sale being consum- mated September 13, 1808, and the new firm being known as Isaac Wilson & Co. TJie Lower Falls, owned by David Townsend, Benjamin Townsend, Evan & John Pugh, and Benjamin Sharpless, an account of which will be found in connection with the boroughs of Fallston and New Brighton. Toward the close of the year 1808 the firm of Wilson, Barker & Gregg had completed their blast furnace, and for several years engaged actively in making pigs, stoves, hollow ware, etc. In April, 1812, Messrs. Barker & Gregg purchased from Mr. Wilson the other half interest in the plant for $15,000. Some time after 1812 Frederick Eapp of the Harmony Society endeavored to purchase this entire plant, *Edward Hoopes of New Brighton says : " In 1799 or 1800 David Hoopes located as the successor of the constables who had laid out a town and named it Brighton in honor of a town of the same name in England. 406 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTT. with the improvements made, for $32,000, but was unsuccessful. It came, however, into possession of Oliver Ormsby, of Allegheny county, who continued all the business operations briskly under the supervision of James Glenn and Colonel John Dickey, until 1818. Owing to the general prostration of business, resulting from the war of 1812, these works and the consequent growth of the town were much impaired. Brighton, as the place was then caUed, showed none of the evidences of thrift which characterize the present active city of Beaver Falls. Timber had become comparatively scarce, and so expensive as to prevent the making of charcoal at a price which would justify competition with the furnaces along the Allegheny river where pine timber was abun- dant. At that early period nohe of the furnaces had begun to use bitu- minous coal. Under these circumstances business was depressed, and suspension occurred. In 1829 James Patterson, of Philadelphia, but recently from Eng- land, was making a tour of Western Pennsylvania with a view to locating for manufacturing purposes. Having learned that" the Brighton property was in the market, he visited the place to investi- gate its claims, i'he same year he made the purchase of Mr. Ormsby of some 1,300 acres, and began at once to rebuild its shattered fortunes. The revival of business was instrumental in circulating vast sums of money throughout the country in exchange for wheat, wool, etc. A coadjutor with Mr. Patterson in giving life to the new town was Archibald Kobertson, who in 1831 erected a paper mill which ran suc- cessfully for a number of years, making an excellent quality of printing and wall paper, and giving employment to a large number of hands. Finally a part of the mill was burned, which crippled its efficiency somewhat. In 1849 Mr. Eobertson established another paper mill in the upper portion of the town, which has had a prosperous existence. It is the one which in 1876 was under the management of Messrs. Frazier, Metzger & Co. In this connection we desire to let Mr. Patter- son tell his own story, which he does in the third person : Mr. Patterson had great difficulty in consummating the purchase with Mr. Ormsby in consequence of he [sic] and the other owners of General Broadhead's title to the land having piled up a bill of |10,000 damages against the General for moneys they had been obliged to pay to those in possession, for wood, ores, land, etc. , which they held against the balance due the General for the original purchase from him, he not having given them possession as he was bound to have done. The General's heirs would not make deed with- out this balance being paid to them. Mr. Patterson, to avoid law suits and trouble, agreed finally to pay the balance due the heirs of General Broadhead. Notwithstanding all this he was destined to contend at law, through many vexatious, costly and damag- ing law suits, to make good his titles and become free from his opponents, who were many and influential. BEAVER FALLS BOEOtJGH. 407 The suits which General Broadhead was compelled to institute in the United States district court in Philadelphia in 1812 to maintain his rights in certain disputes arising concerning parts of the two tracts sold by him in 1801 to David Hoopes & Co., tenninated in his favor, and he was empowered to dispossess the occupants of the lands in ques- tion. The matter, however, was finally determined until 1865 or 1866, when the United States supreme court in banc decided the last of them in favor of James Patterson. " These suits," says Mr. Patterson, " were costly and most vexatious, and very injurious to the best inter- ests of the county, and were prosecuted, not by the original settlers or claimants, but by neighboring proprietors, who, while improving their own properties, were tempted to disregard ' party lines ' in doing so owing to the absence and neglect of the owner of the Brighton estate." Mr. Patterson seems to have expended much of his means and energy in perfecting his title to the property he had secured. This was, as has been intimated, a detriment to the community, the growth and prosperity being necessarily impaired. He was naturally desirous to make the most possible of his possessions, and consequent^ was con- stantly on the alert for an advantageous disposal of it. When after the destruction of the arsenal at Harper's Ferry, in 1861, the project of establishing a National Armory somewhere in the West was con- templated by congress, the claims of Brighton were strongly urged; but to no purpose, Eook Island, 111., being the favored spot. Con- tinues Mr. Patterson in the historical sketch from which we have already made several extracts : " Having failed in his last effort to make sale of the whole property to the United States Government for an armory and foundry for big cannon, Mr. Patterson surrendered the property to^ the Harmony Society (about 1866), who undertook the task of inducing private parties to buy, by retail, lots for dwellings, water lots for mills, etc. They revised the plot of Brighton, very much enlarging it, extending along the Beaver nearly if not quite three miles, over ground remarkably well suited by nature for a town or city, and changed its name from Brighton to that of Beaver Falls. One reason for this change was that the place had been known by the name of Beaver Falls in the county in its earliest days; and another reason that New Brighton, having under the influences of the canal passing through it, and afterwards by the Ohio & Pennsylvania Eail- road stopping in it, and passing through its streets and much favoring it, grew much larger than '■Brighton^' and people were in the habit of dropping the ^New ' and calhng their town ' Brighton,' and calhng 408 HISTORY OF BEAVER COUNTY. Brighton proper ' Old Brighton.' This made confusion, and people were wiUing to adopt a new name for which there could be no other claimant, at least in the county." "Harris' General Business Directory " for 1841 gives the following exhibit of the place : The two leading mauufacturing interests, it may well be inferred, were those of Patterson and Robertson . Patterson's flouring mill was capable of turning out 300 barrels of flour per day. The flour was of superior quality, being adjudged in Philadelphia, whither it was principally shipped, equal to the best Genessee brand . During the navi- gable season three boats were in demand to supply the necessary quantity of wheat. The mill required six hands, and the shops gave employment to sixteen coopers. The cotton mill under Mr. Patterson's direction employed thirty-five hands, and yielded 3,000 pounds of yarn per week. The steam paper mill owned by Archibald Robertson required four engines. Con- nected with it was a staining establishment, which gave employment to ten families. The school directors of the town were— Robert Calhoun, John Baker, Thomas D. Wells, James M. Grregg, James Patterson and A. Robertson. The various industries were thus represented : Laborers — David Ames, Jeremiah Maid, Emory Maloy. . . . MillwrigM — James B. Angel. . . . Paper makers — John Baker, James C. Fulton, James Roberts, H. Woods, Jessie Zeigler. . Innkeepers — Luke Bland, Widow SutlifE. . . Blacksmiths — David Boiles, William J. King. . . . Farmers — John Boiles, Robert McGaughey. Engineers — William Carter, Daniel Loomis. . Carpenters — Robert Calhoun, Joseph Reeves. . . . Calico printer — William Clayton. . . . Clerks — J. K. Dean, C. H. Gould, William Harrison. . . Coal diggers — Charles Day, Nathan Dillon. Machinists — James M. Greig and James Wilson. . . Canal-boat captain — George Hemphill. . . . Tanner — John R. Hoopes. . . . Foreman jlouring mill — H. Hug- gins. . . . Sign painter — Samuel Kennedy. . . . Cabinet malcm's — Horatio Large, Henry Sims, Sr., Henry Sims, Jr. . . . Forgemen — John Martin, James Richards. Tailors — Ephraim Martin, William Wallace. . Brick-maker — Rdbert MofBtt. Teamsters — Joseph Mahaffee, John Murrell — Coopir — Peter "W. Maltby. Foreman cotton factory — Andrew Nelson. . . . Storekeeper and flour merchant — James Patterson. . . . Shoemaker — William B. Platte. . . . Wheat agent — IraRansom. Pa/per mill owner — Alexander Robertson. . . Soap manufacturer— \iB,a,c'Wa.TLKii. Saddler — David Whitla. Brighton, as it was usually known in those days to distinguish it from " Old Brighton," was laid out by James Patterson July 4, 1849, and the plan acknowledged before William Eichardson, J. P., on the 4th of the ensuing August. The names of the streets commencing with the river Avere — Water, Front and Second; those running at an angle of forty-five degrees with the foregoing — Tank, Main and Cedar; those at right angle with the latter — Factory, Mill, Kace, Mulberry, Linden and Oak. At the September session of court in 1868 apphcation was made for incorporation as the " Borough of Beaver Falls '' under the act of '^'•'cW'ASws^srf";' ' '■»'" y^.^:<^.y.^i^ BEAVEE FALLS BOEOUGH. 411 April 3, 1851. The decree was granted November 9, 1868, which marks the date of the birth of the corporation. The first election was held the second Tuesday of January, 1869. Judge of election was James Patterson; the inspectors, John Sterling and Thomas Noble, The first postoffice was knoAvn as Brighton, and continued from 1818 to April 22, 1857, when it was discontinued. The postmasters during this period, with dates of appointmentwere — John Dickey, April n, 1818; David Hoopes, May 17, 1821; James Patterson, December 26, 1832; Archibald Robertson, February 8, 1843; Matthew H. Eobertson, December 19, 1850; James B. McCallan, June 19, 1856. Under the name of Beaver Falls the following officers have served: Edward A. Noble, July 3, 1867; Milo A. Townsend, February 11, 1869; James L. B Dawson, September 4, 1871; Samuel S. McFerran, Decem- ber 20, 1876. PUBLIC SCHOOLS. The borough of Beaver Falls made the first annual report of its schools in 1867. The old two-room school-house on Seventh avenue, now occupied as a barrack by the salvation army, was the only building own.ed by the district until 1872, when the Eleventh street or central building was erected, containing ten school-rooms and a public hall. This promised ample room for many years. However, in 1875 it became necessary to divide the hall into school-rooms to accommodate the increased attendance, twelve rooms being necessary for this purpose. In 1880 the eight-room building on Seventeenth street was erected. This served to accommodate the increase untd 1882, when b}^ a vote of the people the board of education was authorized to erect another building. During the vacation of that year they built the Fifth street school-house. In 1884 all of the buildings were again over-crowded, when a class-room for the relief of the grammar department was opened in Eleventh street school. Again in 1885 assistant teachers were employed in the first primary rooms of Eleventh and Seventeenth street schools. While this relieved the work of the teachers m those rooms to some extent, yet the results were not the most satisfactory. In 1886 it was thought best by the board of education to introduce half-day sessions in some of the lower primary rooms. During that year eight rooms were divided into two divisions, one-half attending in the fore- noon and the other half in the afternoon. At present writing, 1887, two additional rooms have been opened, and three rooms have half-day sessions. Year. N'o. teachers. No. pupils. 1879 15 889 1880 16 996 1881 20 1,113 1883 23 1,214 1883 27 1,364 1884 29 1,443 1885 39 1,481 1886 31 1,597 1887 29 -. 1,616 412 HI8T0ET OF BEAVEE COUNTY. In no better way perhaps can the rapid growth of the town be shown than by the following tabular statement, showing the enroll- ment and number of teachers employed since the organization of the borough: Year. No. teachers. No. pupils. 1869 4 339 1870 6 446 1871 8.... 485 1873 9 609 1873 10 598 1874 10 613 1875 11 700 1876 12 831 1877 ..13 818 1878 14 837 The following principals have been in charge of the schools since their gradation: 1872-73, Miss Maggie Foulk; 1873-75, Kebecca Forbes; 1875-77, V. B. Baker; 1877-88, M. L. Knight. Ah act of assembly, approved June 10, 1881, provided that all cit- ies, boroughs or townships, having a population of over five thousand, are entitled to a city, borough or township superintendent. In accordance with the provisions of this act. Principal M. L. Knight was elected borough superintendent in 1881. He was reelected in 188i and again in 1887, filling both of the positions, superintendent and principal, of all the schools of the borough. The system of parallel grades in all of the buildings in town is one that cannot fail to meet the approval of every thinking man. Pupils moving from one ward or from one school to another suffer no inconvenience whatever, but may enter the same grade in a building in the locahty to which they may remove. Teachers of these parallel grades meet weekly to arrange plans and work for the following week. A spirit of emulation is thus encoura.ged, which serves as a constant stimulus to pupils in all grades. In 1877 a course of study was adopted by the board of education, comprismg the essential branches necessary to a good English educa- tion, upon the completion of which a diploma would be awarded. In accordance with this arrangement, the first commencement exercises of a public high school in Beaver county were held May 20, 1879. at which was graduated the first class from the high school. Eighty-two graduates have been awarded diplomas from this school by the board of education. The public schools of Beaver Falls are regarded by all who are acquainted with their system and their work as among the very best schools of the state. BEAVEE PALLS BOEOUGH. 413 Geneva College was founded at North wood, Ohio, April 20, 1848, and continued at said place until 1880, when it was concluded by the church (Reformed Presb3'terian) to change its location to the thrifty little city of Beaver Falls. The institution was regulary incorporated under the laws of Penn- sylvania June 18, 1883. The purpose was thus expressed in the instru- ment itself: "The better establishment, maintenance, management and control of a scliool or college wherein will be furnished to young people of both sexes facilities for obtaining thorough instruction in the languages, mathematics, political, natural, mental and moral science, literature, and generalh' in all departments and branches of a higher Christian education." The list of incorporators includes ministers, attorneys and business men in Allegheny, Pittsburgh, Philadelphia, Beaver Falls and other points in Pennsylvania, together with Mansfield and Cincinnati, Ohio, and points in New York, Indiana, Iowa and Kansas. The college edifice is made of stone, and covers a space 100 by 104 feet. It is three stories in height, capped with a tower and mansard roof. The location is a desirable one, being an eminence that overlooks the classic Beaver with its sprightly American Manchester lying along its banks. The institution sustains the usual course of study. Eev. H. II. George, D.D., a graduate of the institution in Ohio, class of 1853, has been president of the faculty since 1872. He is sup- ported by an efficient faculty. CHUECHES. The First United Presbyterian Congregation of Beaver Fails was organized on the 26th of July, 1869, by the Presbytery of Allegheny, with a membership of fifty-one. Its eldership from the organization to the present time has embraced the following members : John Purdy, James H. Fife, N. A. Calvin, A. N. Barber, R. A. Moon, James Bow- man, Thomas E. Hennon, J. C. White, H. B. Ewing, Prof. E. P. Thompson, G. G. Richie and A. W. Glenn. In 1869 its pleasant and commodious brick church edifice was erected at a cost of six thousand dollars. Its pastorate was filled from January 1, 1871, to April 10, 1883, by Rev. J. I. Frazer. From the latter date to February 1, 1885, the congregation relied for its spiritual nourishment on supply preaching. On February 1,1885, the present pastor, Rev. E. N.McElree, began his labors, and has continued them with acceptable success. The congrega- tion has an enrollment of about two hundred members. The attendance 414 HISTOET OF BEAVEE COUNTY. at prayer meetings and public worship is good; and the payment of the pastor's salary and other congregational expenses is promptly attended to. An active Sunday-school is supported. The Reformed Presbyterian Congregation of Bemier Falls was organized, by authority of the Pittsburgh Presbytery of the Keformed Presbyterian church, the 24th of JSTovember, 1874. Its membership then was only twenty-four, with J. D. McAulis, Eobert Paisley and John Cook as elders, and James Cook, J. B. Maxwell and John Kirker as deacons. On the 15th of June, 18Y5, Eev. R. J. George was installed pastor, and has retained the position ever since — a tribute to his efficiency. On the 21st of April, 1876, J. J. Kennedy, William W. Cook and John Copeland were elected deacons. On the 11th of October, 1878, William R. Sterrett and E. J. Bole were chosen elders. On the 9th of January, 1882, another election was held, resulting in the choice of William Pearce and E. A. Bole as elders, and D. P. White as deacon. On the 11th of January, 1883, the diaconate was still further increased by the selection of E. M. Downie, S. W. McAulis, C. J. Love and William T. Anderson. The official board as constituted at present (August, 1887,) consists of elders — J. D. McAulis, clerk; Eobert Paisley, John Cook, William Pearce, E. J. Bole and E. A. Bole. Deacons— D. P. White, E. M. Downie, S. W. McAulis, W. T. Anderson and C. J. Love. When first organized the congregation purchased a valuable lot on Main street, on which it subsequently erected a fine brick edifice, with lecture-room and Sunday-school rooms in the basement. It. has justly gained the reputation of being an enterprising and liberal congregation. Its membership is about 160, while that of its Sunday- schools numbers about 400. It sustains missions at Fetterman, Fallston and Beaver Falls, paying a regular salary to a preacher for that pur- pose. "Valuable aid is derived by the congregation from the presence and cooperation of the students and professors of Geneva College, located in the borougii and associated with the denomination. The First Methodist Protestant Church began its existence, in organized form, on the 23d of May, 1869, its charter members consist- ing of II T. Eeeves and wife, Charles Taylor and wife, George Zehler and wife, Thomas McClain and wife, Agnes McClain, Mrs. McClain, Sr., Mrs. Catherine McClain and Mrs. Howe. The church edifice was erected in 1870; in 1874 the parsonage was secured, and in 1885 the Sun- day-school rooms were added to the increasing outfit of the congrega- tion. A constant growth has characterized the congregation, the BEAVEE FALLS BOROUGH. 415 present membership being 310. The church has enjoyed the services of the following ministers: Early part of 1870, Eev. S. F. Crowther and J. Hodgkinson; September, 1870, to September, 1871, W. J. Shehan; 1871-73, J. F. Dyer; 1873-75, G. G. Westfall; 1875-76, G. B. Dotson; 1876-77, E. A. Brindley; 1877-79, M. B. Taylor; 1879-80, J. 0. Ber- rien; 1880-82, John Gregory; 1882-87, J. C. Berrien. J^irst Christian Church, Beaver Falls. In the summer of 188-1, about ten persons who had been members of the Christian church at various points previous to their coming to Beaver Falls began to hold religious services at the homes of some of the members. They began tp urge the organization of a church on the basis of apostolic precept and example. Neighboring churches, notably those of Allegheny City and New Castle, looked to Beaver Falls as a point favorable for Chris- tian work. Some effort was made in the early part of 1886 to place the enterprise on a permanent basis. No progress, however, was made beyond the fact that occasional preaching was supplied, the meetings being held in a small room on Seventh avenue. An effort was made later in the year to locate a pastor who should devote a part of his time to the work at Beaver Falls. In this work Elder William F. Cowden, of Allegheny, and Dr. I. A. Thayer, of New Castle, were active. In October, 1886, Elder C. G. Brelos, of Sharon, was called to this field by the missionary board of the first district of Western Pennsylvania. The erection of a suitable house of worship was at once contemplated, and an effort made in that direction by raising sub- scriptions. A suitable lot was secured on the corner of Fourteenth street and Sixth avenue. The church was chartered according to the laws of the state, and the following trustees were elected: Mr. C. A. Barker, of New Brighton, and Messrs. W. P. Barnum, George W. Cas- ner, F. H. WalUmayer and John Telford, of Beaver Falls. The charter members number twenty-five. The officers of the church are — W. H. Hamilton, E. B. O. Alexander and George W. Casner. The preaching services are at present conducted in the opera house, the former room proving too small for the audiences. A one-story brick edifice, 40 by 55 feet, in process of erection, is expected to be dedicated about No- vember 1, 1887. The church property will be valued at about six thousand dollars. The Baptist Church of Beaver Falls dates its organization from 1882, when its members were about thirty in number. The growth has been steady to the present time, when it enrolls over 110. In 1884 a 416 HISTOEY or BEATBR COUNTY. neat brick meeting-house was erected on Seventeenth street; in 1886 a neat chapel for the mission Sunday-school in Barnardstown addition. The first clerk of the congregation was S. J. Bennett. About the close of 1886, owing to ili-health, he resigned, and William S. Humes became his successor. The treasurer is L. McGee; deacons— S. K. Humes, M. Book, L. M. Grey and Hockenberry. The first preaching was done by Revs. M. B. Sloan and S. Huston. In the spring of 1884 the present pastor, Rev. W. H. McKinney, began his labors. Under his watchful care the congregation has increased, and has now two inter- esting Sunday-schools. St. Mary's Catholic Church was organized in 1872," and the corner- stone laid on the 4th day of July, the same year, by Bishop Domenec, of Pittsburgh. The first priest was Rev. Julius Kuencer. Following him came Rev. John D. Cwickert, who remained until November 26, 1876. During his pastorate, service was held but once a month. The church was then taken charge of by the Capachin order of Lawrence- ville, who sent one of their number each month until August 24, 1879, when they gave the organization into the hands of the Carmellites of Pittsburgh. In this charge the church continued until the advent of the present priest. Rev. H. J. Freiling, who came on the first Sunday in August, 1886. The church when first organized had a hard struggle for existence, but through the efforts of such men as John Paff, John Ebner, Joseph Daibler, John Anders, John Rebeske and others, it grew steadily in numbers and strength until it now embraces about eighty families, and possesses property consisting of a neat frame church, a tasteful parson- age of brick, and two fine lots centrally located, all of which is valued at about $9,000. The service is conducted in German. A school is contemplated, and exercises are meanwhile held every Saturday and Sunday in German, and catechism by Father Frfeiling. Methodist Episcopal Church. All efforts to obtain information concerning the origin of this congregation were ineffectual, the records having been destroyed or lost. It was incorporated as the '■' First Meth- odist Episcopal Church of Beaver Falls," on the 19th of September, 1874. Its incorporators were — Henry T. Reeves, Henry M. Myers, WiUiam H. H. Jones, Fitz K. Briarly, Daniel C. McCann, Frank F. Briarly, Thomas Leslie, John Snair and Joseph Sponsler. From the minutes of the Pittsburgh annual conference for 1886 the following facts are obtained: Number of members, 345; value of church property, $12,000; value of parsonage, $3,500; number of pupils in Sunday- school, 200. BEAVBE FALLS BOEOUGH. 417 First Presbyterian Church. As usual in the early history of churches in the Beaver Vallej', the first services of this congregation were held in the old school-house. May 1, 1866, a union Sabbath- school was organized there with thirty scholars. The year following a number of Presbyterian families resident in the neighborhood applied to the Presbytery for a permanent church organization in Beaver Falls. November 22, 1867, a committee was sent hy it, which organized a con- gregation consisting of twenty-three members. Of these, Messrs. William Frazier, A. C. Thorne and W. W. Parkinson were elected ruling elders. Supplies were furnished until the following spring, when the first reg- ular pastor, Eev. Albert Dilworth, was located tliere. In the summer of 1869 a building was placed in erection, and completed in 1870, being dedicated April 14, the same year. March 14, 1871, the relations existing between Rev. Dilworth and his congregation were dissolved. He was followed by Eev. E. E. McNulty, who acted as supply until Januar}'^, 1872. On the last Sabbath of that month the present pastor, Eev. J. D. Moorhead, from whom we obtain these facts, was installed in his pastorate. Says he, in his anniversary sermon, delivered January 30, 1887 : "Of the twenty-three that formed our original congregation, all but four are dead. Coming here fifteen years ago, I found our act- ual membership to be 105. Of these, sixty-two are not here, thirty- nine have removed elsewhere, the dust of twenty-three mingles with the dust of the dead." The congregetion now numbers 510 members. Its condition is all that could be wished. The building has been enlarged and improved until it now ranks, in elegance and comfort, with any in the county. Following are the officers of the church, of the Sunday-school, and of the various societies connected with the congregation : Pastor, Eev. J. D. Moorhead; Elders, T. H. Bracken, M. L. Knight, S. D. Hubbard, John Kerr, J. G. Hunter, J. F. Merriman, G. W. Wareham, S. C. Gormley, Dr. E. A. Moon. Deacons, Dr. J. W. May, G. W. Morrison, J. A. B. Patterson, John Douds. Trustees, S. D. Hubbard, Pres., J. F. Kurtz, Secy., John Eeeves, John Corbus, A. D. Long, G. W. Morrison; Treas., Dr. J. M. May; AssH Treas., J. F. Merriman. Sahhath-sohool Officers— Snpt., J. A. B. Patterson; Ass't. Supt., J. F. Miller; second Ass't, Supt., J. F. Merriman; Secy, and Treas., G. "W. Morrison; Ass't. Sec. and Treas., Dr. J. M. May. Zibra/t'ians — J. W. Forbes, J. B. Parkinson, "W". L. Douds, John EUis. Ladies^ Missionary Society — Pres., Mrs. J. D. Moorhead; Vice-pres., Mrs. T. H. Bracken; Sec. Vice-pres , Mrs. J. C. Gray; Sec, Mrs. 418 HISTOKY OF BEAVER COUNTY. D. C. Benham; Treas., Mrs. S. B. Wilson. Young Ladies' Mis- sionary Society — Pres., Miss Laura Stewart; Vice-pres., Miss Lettie Harrison; second Vice-pres., Miss Eva Vanard; Sec, Miss Lulu JST. Knight; Treas., Miss Bird Morrison. Sabbath-school Mission^ ary Society — Pres., Eev. J. D. Moorhead; Vice-pres., J. A. B. Pat- terson ; second Vice-pres., J. F. Miller; Treas., G. W. Morrison ; Sec, Miss Eva Vanard. SOCIETIES. Harmony Chapter, JSfo. 206, R. A. M., was organized and char- tered in 1870, being one of the oldest societies in the city. Its present officers are — John P. Sherwood, H. P.; S. E. Patterson, K.; W. H. Elverson, scribe; Phillip Martsolf, treas.; Charles Hosmer, sec. The chapter meets on the first Thursday of each month in Masonic hall. Beaver Valley Lodge, No. Ji.78, F. d: A. M., was organized and chartered in the year 18Y0. Its present officers are — Ernest Mayer, W. M.; H. W. ISTair, S. W.; Albert D. Long, J. W.; Eev. J. C. Berrien, sec; •James Anderton, treas. The lodge meets in Masonic hall, and has a membership of sixty. Rising Star Encampinent, No. 26Ji,, L. 0. 0. F., was organized December 10, 1883. The charter members were — Thomas Thickett, W. S. Hallam, David Ellis, E. B. Clark, W. A. Stone, H. Medley, H. White, Louis Sutter, G. J. Brandt, W. B. Haines, C. W. Eeich, S. J. Bennett, Thomas Howe, John Lloyd, W. H. Hoon, C. White, Joseph Thickett, D Banard, T. J. Thompson, C. F. Potter and Phillip Scharf. The first officers were— H. White, C. P.;. W. H. Hoon, S. W.; John Lloyd, J. W.; H. Medley, H. P.; S. J. Bennett, scribe; Thomas Thickett, treas.; E. B. Clark, I. S.; Louis Sutter, O. S. The present officers are— John Ellis, C. P.; Geo. Smith, S. W.; C. W. Eeich, J. W.; W. I. Bartley, H. P.; E. B. Clark, scribe; Louis Sutter, treas.; John Lloyd, 0. G.; E. Bagley, I. G. The encampment meets on the first and third Monday evenings of each month in Mechanics' hall. The present membership is forty-seven. Beamer Falls Lodge, No. 758, L. 0. 0. F, was organized March 13, 18Y1. Its first officers were— George E. Fox, N. G.; A. P. Brycon, V. G.; H. C. Watson, sec; G. L. Eussell, ass't sec; E. S. Newton, treas. The present officers are— J. M. Postewate, N. G.; John Mcin- tosh, V. G.; J. C. Sennett, sec; J. M. Maratte, ass't sec,; J. S. Knowles, treas. The lodge meets every Friday evening in Hanauer's hall, with a membership of sixty-nine. BEAVEE FALLS BOEOUGII. 421 Valley Echo Lodge, No. 6:22, I. 0. 0. F., was chartered January 25, 1868. Its charter members were — Daniel Bernard, F. V. Web- ster, G. White, G. R. Fox, T. E. Houston, Christ Large, C. Whistler, William Eosenberger, William Glenn, William McClain, John Mitchell, Thomas Jones, William Linton, T. Yates, and S. IST. McClain. The first oflicers were — Henry Howe, N. G.; Abner Whistler, V. G.; E. P. Yaughn. sec; Thos. McClain, treas. The i)resent officers are — Louis Smith, IST. G.; William Tinnemeyer, Y. G.; John Lloyd, sec; J. K. Hill, treas. The lodge numbers 104 members, and meets every Thurs- day evening in Mechanics' hall. Beaver Valley Post, N'o. 16Jf., G. A. R., Dept. of Penna., was chartered April 8, 1880. It was the outgrowth of some meetings held about the year 1878 by several old soldiers, who organized themselves into a Yeteran Club.- This club met in a small stone house, on Eleventh street, back of the present postofiice building. It aroused quite an interest among the citizens, and a drum corps was formed of soldiers' sons. When the post was organized, it was mainly through the efforts of this veteran club. The charter members were — C. W. May, William Shannon, David Lloyd, S. E. Patterson, Ebenezer Springer, E. S. Newton, H. C. Wat- son, jS'. H. Pangburn, W. 0. Snowden, William Merriman, Fred O. Peck, G. C. Hareliam, William Nowling, J. P. Parris, H. C. Patterson, Joseph K. Brown, O. H. Mathews, John G. Moffitt, J. C. Sennett, J. W. Brann, Phillip Crowe, Jesse M. Corbus and W. P. Edwards. The first officers were— C. W. May, P. C; E. S. Newton, S. Y. C; J. C. Sennett, J. Y. C; J. Shannon, Q. M.; C. A. McKinzie, adj.; Wm. Merriman, chap. The present officers are — J. W. Braner, P. C; Adam Siemon, S. Y. C, H. C. Watson, J. Y. C; William Shannon, Q. M.; W. H. McKinney, chap., A. B. McKinzie, adj., W. H. ISTowling, O. D.; Thomas Kelly, O. G.; James Douglas, sur.; P. Growl, sergt.; L. C. Kirker, Q. M.; J. P. Parris, I. G.; H. McMullin, O. G. The post meets every other Monday evening in the G. A. E. hall, Wallace block. The present membership is 165. Encampment No. ^ Union Veteran Legion, was chartered Decem- ber 2, 1885. The charter members were — ISToah H. Pangburn, Orvin H. Mathews, Eobert S. JSewton, Samuel A. Johnson, James Piper, Henry y.Beegle, Ebenezer Springer, Shipman N. Douthitt, William H. Bricker, George G. Wareham, Jas. W. Beaner, Hugh McMuUen, William Merriman, Eobert Earasey, William Shannon, John G. Lowry, James S. Knowles, Adam Siemon, Lewis H. Tanney, John C. Sennett, James 23 422 HISTORY OF BE AVER COUNTY. McClarren, Budman K. Davis. The first officers were — S. H. Douthitt, r. C; Noah H. Pangburn, C; John 0. Sennett, 1st lieut.; Eobert S. New- ton, 2d lieut.; William Shannon, Q. M.; James Piper, adj.; James N. McClarren, 0. D.; James W. Beaner, chap.; Adam Siemon, O. G.; Lewis W. Tanney, S. M.; Samuel A. Johnson, Q. M. S.; William Merriman, C. B.; Budman K. Davis, S.; George G. Wareham, B. The present officers are — John C. Sennett, C. C; Adam Siemon, lieut. C; James W. Beaner, maj.; JohnW. Cuhner, O. D.; Noah II. Pangburn, adj.; Wm. Shannon, Q. M.; James McGehan, chap.; John C. Hart, 0. G.; JohnG. Lowry, surg.; J. S. Cunningham, S. M.; James Piper, Q. M. S.; Hugh McMullen, C. B.; Ebenezer Springer, S.; Andrew Bingham, B. The encampment meets on the first and third Wednesday evenings in Wallace Hall. The membership is forty-two. Beaver Valley Gamp, No'. 71, Pa. Div. S. V., U. S. A., was char- tered August 5, 1885. The charter members were — Jackson Yaughn,- Charles Parris, H. M. Crowl, J. H. Kelly, G. O. Weeden, W. A. Shus- ter, E. W. Vaughn, W. M. Hamilton, Harry Crooks, F. D. Kelly, George Yorhauer, Charles McDanel, J. B. Parris, W. H. Hamilton, W. E. Lloyd, Harry Smith, R. L. Sennett, William Welsh and W. F. Piper. The first officers were — W. H. Hamilton, capt.; Jackson Yaughn, 1st sergt.; W. E. Lloyd, Q. M. S.; J. B. Parris, 1st lieut.; H. M. Crowl, 2d lieut. The present officers are — W. E. Lloyd, capt.; W. F. Piper, 1st lieut.; E. C. Howe, 2d lieut.; H. M. Crowl, 1st sergt.; W. H. Hamil- ton, Q. M. S. The camp meets on the second and fourth Tuesday even- ings of each month in Wallace Hall. The membership is forty. Equitable Aid Union, No. IfSlf-, was chartered February 26, 1884. Among the charter members, who number over sixty, were the follow- ing : J. W. Clarke, C. I. Bowers, H. M. Myers, w" M. Hamilton, W. H. Hamilton, W. A. Crawford, Mrs. W. A. Crawford, Mrs. Carrie L. Shannon. The first officers of the union were — Henry Guppy, chanc; C. I. Bower, adv.; C. D. Eenoflf, pres.; Mrs. J. Hunter, Y. P.; A. B. McKinzie, sec; C. P. Wallace, treas.; J. T. Eeeves, acct.; H. M. Myers, chap. Its present officers are— Mrs. W. A. Crawford, pres.; Mrs. Frances Chidsley, Y. P.; W. A. Crawford, sec; Carrie L. Shan- non, treas.; W. S. Hoon, acct.; C. P, Wallace, chap.; Wm. Merriman, Sr., sent.; Mrs. J, W. Clarke, aux.; S. W. Miller, con.; J. W. Clarke, adv. The union numbers some forty members, and meets every second Monday of each month in the Wallace block. The Beaver Falls Turn Verein was organized August 2, 1871, by William Oberhoff, Charles Schneider, Aug. Frieberthauser, Kraemer & BEAVEE FALLS BOROUGH. 423 Bro., Schneider & Bro. There were eighteen original members. The first officers were— August Volk, president, and William Oberhoff, secretar\-. The purpose of the organization was educational and social improvement. A three-story frame building was erected in 1877 and enlarged in 18S3, in which are held classes in music, athletics and gymnastics. It cost $2,300. The present condition of the society is prosperous, its membership being eighty. The president is Fr. Birner, and the secretary, Geo. W. Heyslerraann. Myrtle Council, JVo. 1^1, N. U., was chartered January 5, 1885. Its charter members were — T. P. Simpson, Joseph S. Conor, "W". IH. Chandley, J. A. Millan, H. S. Searles, Thomas Barber, James Wain- right, J. A. Grove, Frank Pierson, A. J. Marshall, G. H. Gerber, A. O. Myers, Jos. W. Clarke, J. A. Vogel, E. G. Webster, C. H. Miller, J. D. McCai-ter, George W. Chandley, A. B. Chalfant, E. E. Miller, E. Edsall. The first officers were as follows : A. J. Marshall, ex pres.; W. H. Chandley, pres.; E. E. EdsaU, V.-P.; F. P. Gray,treas.; Thomas Barber, sec; James Wainright, fin. sec; Dr. T. P. Simpson, med. ex.; A. G. Webster, chap. Its present corps of officers consists of — J.W. Clarke, pres.; A. G. Webster, V.-P.; Thos. Barber, sec; A. J. Marshall, fin. sec; F. P. Gray, treas.; Dr. J. D. McCarter, med. ex.; E. E. Edsall, chap. The council is young and numbers but twenty-three. Its meet- ings are held at Chalfant's the second Thursday of each month. Schiller Grove, Ro. 8, U. A. 0. D., was chartered August 22, 1880. Its charter members were — John Kebeske, Christ. W. Keich, M. Steinbrecker, sec; John Jung, Justus Schirk, Frank Borger. Tbe first officers were — John Kebeske, N. A.; Christ. W. Reich, W. A.; M. Steinbrecker, sec; John Jung, cor. sec; Justus Schirk, J. W.; Henry Wagner, treas. The present officers of the order are^— H. Kopmann, 1^. A.; G-. Schneider, W. A.; G. H. Gerber, treas.; M. Steinbrecker, sec. The membership is fifty-two, and the place of meeting is Mechan- ics' Hall, every Wednesday evening. TJie Fraternal Mystic Circle was chartered July 21, 1886. The first members were — Harry Goldsmith, Christian Schuler, W. A. Cline, William M. Rea, John Lloyd, William H. Barclay, Joseph Walker, E. W. Sheets, M. D., W. E. Lloyd, Charles G. Webster, Thomas D. Elder, William E. Shelldrake, A. B. Evans, John W. Hous-^ ton, T. J. Hamilton, Joseph Brooks, W. F. D. Smart, George C. Faulk," J. F. Craighead, I. I. Harvey, William Sloane, Jesse J. Ewihg, James Home, C. D. Renoff, James F. Merriman, R. E. Zimmerman, W. A. Stone, A. R. Leyda, G. H. Gerber, Dallas Woods. 424 HISTORY OF BE AVER COUNTY. The first officers were— C. D. Eenoff, W. R; A. E. Leyda, W. Y. E.; A. B. Evans, W. P. E.; W. A. Stone, W. rec; W. E. Sheldrake, W. C; William Sloane, W. T.; W. E. Sheets, W. med. ex.; J. T. Mer- rinaan, "W. chap.; J. Home, W. W.; J. K. Houston, W. M.; J. F. Craig- head, W. C. S.; G. E. Faulk, W. O. G. Xhe present officers are— A. E. Leyda, "W. E.; J. K. Houston, W. Y. E.; C. D. Eenoflf, W. P. E.; W. A. Stone, W. rec; W. E. Sheldrake, W. C; William Sloane, W. T.; W. E. Sheets, W. med. ex.; E. E. Zimmerman, W. C; S. C. Jolly, W. W.; J. D. Elder, W. M.; John Kemp, W. E. S.; William Eea, W. O. S. The circle has a membership of fifty-one, and meets every other Tuesday evening of each month in P. M. Hall. Beaver Falls Council, No. 311, E. A., was organized April 18, 18Y9. Its charter members were — Dr. T. P. Simpson, C. J. Calvin, J. D. Perrott, C. H. Myers, J. M. May, C. W. Townsend, WiUiam Shannon, B. B. Todd, George Abel. The first officers were — W. Shannon, regent; S. J. Calvin, Y. E.; J. D. Perrott, chap.: B. B. Todd, treas.; C. H. Myers, guide; George Abel, O. G.; J. M. May, sec; Dr. Simpson, med. ex.; C. W. Townsend, col. Its present officers are — W. Shannon, L. G. Townsend, G. W. Chandley, J. A. B. Patterson, J. G. Hunter, J. F. Merriman, A. B. Chalfant. The council numbers sixty-four members, who meet in Templars' Hall, on the first and third Tuesday evenings of each month. Mechanics' Lodge, No. 28, A. 0. U. W., was organized September 19, 1872. The charter officers were— G. S. Eckey, P. M. W.; O. J. Noble, M. W.; C. Cullen, G. F.; F. Banks, overseer; Harrison Eckert, rec; C. D. Eenoff, fin.; James Denning, receiver; John Kelley, guard; N. G. Ehineberger, O. W. The present officers are — Joseph Walker, P. M. W.; Perry Graham, M. W.; John Lloyd, rec; C. Cullen, receiver; C. W. May, fin.; Henry Willets. The place of meeting is Mechanics' Hall. Beaver Falls Council, No. 1^8, Jr. 0. U. A. M., was chartered August 11, 1884. The first members were — Eobert Campbell, A. S. Parkinson, M. A. Parkinson, W. S. McCullough, John White, J. H. Mcllwain, U. K Euby, M. IST. Edgar, W. D. Emery, C. S. McCullough, W. S. Shrum, William McGahey, Joseph S. Marquis, J. M. Keefer, -George Nailer, W. K. Eobb, J. D. McCullough, G. A. Culbertson, C. A. McKinzie, A. M. Hazel, James Poivell. Concord Lodge, No. 75, A. 0. U. W., was organized May 28, 1874. The charter members were— F. L. Banks, S. Mussey, W. H. Thomas, H. M. Meyers, Eobert A. Craighead, H. Guppy, G. S. Ekey, W. Shannon, BEAVEE FALLS BOROUGH. 425 J. E. Bretten, S. J. Calvin, J. M. Denen, W. Jones, I. Beals, Dr. T. G. McPherson, G. Ward. The first officers were — ^F. L. Banks, M. ~W.; C. J. Calvin, F.; W. Jones, O.; G. Ekey, P. M. W.; W. Shannon, guard; J. M. Denning, rec; I. Beals, fin.; A. P. Bryson, receiver; S. Mussey, I. W".; W. H. Thomas, O. W. The present officers are— F. L. Banks, A. P. Bryson, H. Dufford, W. Jones, G. C. Surls, E. Webster, S. S. McFarre'n, J. II. Sponsler, G. Ward, Dr. C. H. Watson, G. Ekey, I. Beals, Dr. T. G. McPherson, W. G. Algeo, C. P. Wallace, A. G. Web- ster, J. B. Parkinson, T. B. Perrott, J. W. Knott, D. H. Jackson, P. D. Garrett. The lodge numbers sixty-four members, who meet in Mechanics' Hall. Zone Rock Lodge, No. 3i^:3, K. of P., was chartered December 7, 1869, The following names appear on the charter : E. A. Barnes, J. N. Hall, C. R. Wate, M. J. Hickey, William Barnes, Daniel Van Ard, John McGahey, W. M. Knight, W. H. Hoon, Joseph T. Shaneman, Hugh White, W. C. Hilman, William Bower, George W. Kendall, J. M. Bracken, W. H. Grim, William Davidson, M. W. Elliot. The place of meeting is in Mechanics' Hall. Malvina Lodge, No. 18, L>. of B., was organized October 2, 1869. Its first officers were — Elmer A. Barnes, N. G.; Mrs. V. E. Hickey, Y. G.; S. J. Eisinger, sec; Mrs. Abbie L. Barnes, ass't. sec; Mrs. Howe, treas. The place of meeting is in Mechanics' Hall. The Catholic Mutual Benefit Association was organized March 28, 1885. Among its charter members were — WiUiam Patf, Frank Tress, Antoine Tress, Joseph Becker, John Aggenan, Andrew Oravetz, Jacob Oravetz, Andrew Abind and Andrew Kramer. The first officers were — John J. Patf, pres.; Albert Strub, Y. P.; Adam Paflf, rec. sec; Leopold J. Hegner, fin. sec. Its present officers are — John J. Paff, chan.; Adam Patf, pres.; Joseph Schell, Y. P.; Leopold J. Heg- ner, rec. sec; Albert Strub, fin. sec. The association meets every other Thursday evening in Templars' Hall. Th^ You7ig Men's Christian Association was first organized some ten years ago, at which time a reading-room was oj^ened; but for some unknown reasons the association gradually declined, Until it at least became extinct. The present association was organized June 29, 1886, many of its members having belonged to the old one, but in no other way did the two organizations? have any connection with each other. The incorporators, who formed the first board of managers, were — S. D. Hubbard, Robert J. Jamison, J. A. Millan, F. F. Brierly, J. F. Kurtz, Prof. E. P. Thompson, Dr. H. C. Watson, H. W. Peeves, Ernest 426 HISTOET OF BEAVEE COtTNTT. Mayer, W. H. Chandley, A. P. Bryson. From this board the following oiRcers were chosen: F. F. Brierly, pres.; Ernest Mayer, vice-pres.; Prof. E. P. Thompson, rec. sec; Lyman K. Swett, sec; A. P. Bryson, treas. The first membership numbered forty. The city council chamber was first used by the association, but in three months' time were secured and occupied the present headquarters, consisting of parlor, amusement rooms, reading-room (also used as committee room), boys' parlor, dress- ing-room, bath-room and gymnasium. A bowling-alley is soon to be opened in the basement. These quarters are in the Searl block, corner Seventh avenue and Thirteenth street. The general work and purpose of the association is to promote the religious, intellectual, social and physical welfare of young men. In the reading room are taken seventy of the best periodicals, and also is maintained a small but valuable library. In connection with the other work, it is the intention of the association to organize and maintain evening classes in book-keeping, arithmetic, penmanship and vocal music In addition to this are conducted the regular gospel meetings, Bible traming class, and, in winter time, a mock senate, in which par- liamentary training is obtained. The present officers are — F. F. Brierly, pres.; Ernest Mayer, vice-pres.; E. F. Gallagher, sec; A. P. Bryson, treas. The board of managers is the same as at the beginning. The Woman's Christian Temperance Union was organized March 15, 1884, being a revival of the old organization which had died several years before. The first oiRcers were — Mrs. L. E. Frazer, pres.; Mrs. M. B. Alford, vice-pres.; Miss Alice Abel, sec; Mrs. Hunter, treas. The union meets in its reading-room on Seventh avenue every second and fourth Friday of each month. Connected with it is a library, contain- ing books and temperance periodicals, open to members on Monday and Friday evenings of each week. The membership is quite large, and the influence of the organization is felt throughout the county. It has rendered valuable aid to the temperance work throughout the state. The present officers are — Mrs. L. E. Frazer, pres.; Mrs. T. D. Morehead, vice-pres.; Mrs. A. A. Ewing, rec. sec; Mrs. M. K. H. George, cor. sec; Mrs. M. B. Alford, treas. Connected with the work of the AV. C. T. IJ. is a boys' school, organized August 9, 1884. This was established with a view of reaching the boys of the street, who had been denied the advantages of home training, interesting them in school work, and gradually throwing about them such moral and Christian influences as would develop them into true men, worthy and respected citizens. In furtherance of this, a room on Seventh avenue, No. 504, was rented, BEAVEE FALLS BOROUGH. 427 furnished with seats, carpet and apparatus, supplied with proper tem- perance liteTature, and thrown open for use. Here every Monday and Friday evenings about thirty of these urchins assemble, indulge in singing, games, and other pleasant pastime under the direction of Miss Lizzie Reed, and imbibe of the moral influences of their surroundings. The work, though young, is yet potent for good, and may accomplish much. Stimulated by the example of their mothers, the young ladies of Beaver Falls determined to establish a complimentary society, which was organized in 1884 \mder the title, Young Ladies' Christian Temper- ance Union. The present officers are — Miss Anna Miller, pres.; Miss Penelope Miller, vice-pres.; Miss Grace George, sec; Miss Eena Grim, treas. Meetings are held on the first Saturday of each month in the, W. C. T. U. room on Seventh avenue. Under the charge of this society is an industrial school for girls, organized in August, 188Y. In this school the young girls of the place are taken in, given instruction in sewing, singing and light literary work, together with gymnastic training. The school-room is the W. C. T. U. reading-room, and the time of meeting is on Saturday afternoons. The girls are placed in charge of one of the members of the Y. L. C. T. U., who is chosen each month by the society. The present enrollment of the school is forty. Beaver Falls Library Association. In the autumn of 1884 a prop- osition to give a course of popular lectures was presented to a limited nmnber of citizens who met in the old reading-room in the engine house. It was determined to give six lectures, and the students of Geneva College agreed to share one-fourth of the expense for one-fourth the net proceeds. The lectures were given, and an adjustment of the receipts found $60.86 — one-half the net proceeds— in the treasury, waiting for use. A resolution was carried that this amount be devoted to the establishment of a public circulating library in Beaver Falls. Accordingly, an organization, under the title of "People's Library Association" was effected, with Julius F. Kurtz, president, and the nucleus of the present library was secured by the proceeds of those six lectures. Other courses were given, donations of money and books were received, until there was at the opening of 1887 $258.72 in the treasury. This slow accumulation of funds suggested to the managers of the association the necessity of devising some additional means of replenishing the treasury. As a result, an industrial exposition was determined upon, and steps taken to carry out the plan. A magnificent display of home industries was the result of the labors of the commit- 428 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. tees appointed for the purpose/ The products of each of the large manufacturing institutions were arranged in various artistic designs, and the success of the exposition was such that, after all its expenses had been paid, over $Y00 remained for the association. The ofhcers continue the same as at organization. MANDFACTUKING. Ilariman Steel Co., Limited. Foremost among the industries of Beaver Falls, both in point of size and with regard to the value of its products, are the mills of the Hartman Steel Company, Limited. This company was organized in January, 1883, and in March of the same year the buildings, which had been begun in October the year previous, were occupied, and the wire department placed in operation. The original works have been greatly enlarged from time to time, and other departments added thereto, until the present buildings of brick and iron cover an area of 200,000 square feet, and include the following divisions: Merchant steel mill, wire-rod mill, cold die-rolled steel mill, wire mill, gal- vanizing department, steel letter and sign department, bale tie depart- ment, wire nail factory, wire mat factory, and the steel picket fence factory. The motive power is furnished \>y twenty-four engines, that require thirty-six steam boilers, and the aggregate daily capacity of all de- partments exceeds three hundred net tons, exclusive of products not figured on the tonnage basis. Over nine hundred men are required to operate this immense establishment, and the works are kept running night and day. The introduction of natural gas into the company's mills, where it is now used as a fuel and as an illuminant, has greatly facili- tated their operation. The gas supply is practically unlimited, and is taken from the company's own wells, thereby insuring an abundant quantity. The property of the company consists of twenty acres, situated on the " Marginal railroad," which is operated by them, and over half of this tract is yet available for extensions which are being made as occasion demands. Branch oflSces are maintained in New York, Philadelphia, Boston, St. Louis and Chicago. The officers of the company are — H. W. Hart- man, chairman; G. H. Wightman, sec; R. A. Franks, treas.; F. G. Tallman, gen. supt. Connected with this establishment is the Hart- man Mills Relief and Benefit Association, composed of operatives of the steel works. This organization conducts a coffee house, bath rooms and library, for the mutual benefit of its members. f..^t^rly2yi^/ BEAVER FALLS BOEOUGH. 431 Emerson, Smith o& Co., Liviited, were organized under the firm name of Emerson, Ford & Co., in 1871. Tiiis name was retained until February, 1877, when a change in the company made the new name read Emerson, Smith & Co. The firm was known by this title until July 16, 1S84, when a dissolution of partnership occurred, a reorgani- zation under the Pennsylvania limited partnership laws, with a capital stock paid in, of $250,000, accomplished, and the present title adopted. The officers are — James E. Emerson, chairman; Julius F. Kurtz, vice- chairman and treasurer; and Edward L. Hutchinson, secretary. These officers, with the addition of Mr. Joseph B. Smith, constitute the pres- ent firm. The products of this company are — circular, mill, band and cross- cut saws, of all grades and sizes, and also a general assortment of saw tools, and apparatus connected with mill Sciws. Their works cover nearlv two acres of ground, and are lighted throughout with natural gas. The distinction belongs to this companj' of being the first manufacturers of saws in the world to utilize the new fuel, natural gas, iu tempering. It is claimed by them that the gas, which is entirely free from sulphur and other base substances, and which gives almost a pure hydrogen flame, makes the saws much more uniform and tougher, in regard to temper, and renders oxydization impossible. And this fact gives the Emerson, Smith & Co. saws their superiority over those of other manufacturers. The excellence of their goods gives the company a wonderful market. Europe, J^orth, Central and South America, Australia, and in fact the whole of the civilized world, receive shipments from them. And the home market is fullv aware of the good quahties of the Emer- son saw, for it has compelled the company to establish a branch house in New Orleans, and agencies in Jacksonville, Fla , San Francisco, Charlotte, N. C, Montgomery, Ala., Little Kock, Ark., Knoxville, Tenn. Augusta, Ga , and other cities of prominence. The North is served direct from the works. Western File Company, Limited. The works of this company were built in 1869 by David Blake and James M. Fessengen, Avho were the founders of the present estabhshment. Four years later the growth of the business made an enlargement necessary, and the capacity was accordingly doubled. In 1875 the firm was changed to a limited com- pany, with James Fessengen, chairman, E. L. Blake, secretary, and F. 0. Shay, treasurer. On the 19th of April, 1880, the entire works were destroyed by fire, 432 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. with an almost total loss; but so great was the energy of the firm that in eighteen weeks the factory was rebuilt on a much larger scale, and was again in active operation. In 1883 a change in the management made Hon. Henry Hice chairman, and George W. Morrison secretary and treasurer. The works of this company enjoy the distinction of being the largest file establishment in the world. They cover an area of over two acres, and the buildings consist of the main factory, 350 by 38 feet, to which are attached three wings, respectively 208 by 50, 165 by 38, and 218 by 40 feet, a number of small outbuildings and sheds, and a fire-proof pattern house, 35 by 19 feet. The principal structure is two stories high, and is built of brick. In the factory are over one hun- dred file-cutting machines, turning out all sorts of rasps and files of every size from one inch up to forty-eight inches in length, to the extent of 1,200 dozen per day. When running in full force the company employs over 250 men, and their products are shipped to every part of the United States and Canada, with also considerable export trade. A branch house is maintained in Chicago, and an agency in New York. Penn Bridge Company. The works now owned by this com- pany were organized by T. B. White & Sons, m 1868. They were then located in New Brighton, and were not removed to their present site until ten years later. The firm was reorganized and. incorporated in 188Y as the Penn Bridge Company, which is composed of the following members: S. P. and T. S. White, J. F. Miner, J. F. Mitchell and F. Degner. The products of this company consist of wrought-iron, steel and combination bridges, iron sub-structures, buildings, roof-trusses, plate, box and lattice girders, snd general architectural iron work. When first established, in a very small way, its outlook did not seem bright; but now, after nearly twenty years of constant operation, the magni- tude of its products is astonishing. It is estimated that the total amount built by these works since their start would extend, if placed end to end, a distance of ten miles. Two-hundred men are employed, of whom 125 are engaged in the factory, which is kept running night and day, and the remainder are upon the road erecting and fitting in place the bridges of the company. The grounds comprise nearly three acres, all of which is covered by one building, in which the bridges are manufactured. From this point structures are shipped to several of the eastern states, as far west as Nebraska, and even into Central America. Beaver Falls Steel Works. These worlcs ^vere established l)v Abel BEAVEE FALLS BOROUGH. 433 Pedder & Co., in 1875, and three years later they passed into the hands of the Economy Society, Avho gave them the present title. The prod- ucts are tooth and file steel, iron center cast steel, soft steel, center cast steel, finished rolling coulters, patent cutlery steel and cast and special plow steel. The grounds comprise about four acres, and the works consists of a melting furnace, two trains of rolls and three steel hammers, shears and a full line of general machinery, Which latter is run by the motive power afforded by two water-wheels and two engines. About eighty hands are employed in the establishment, and their products are shipped throughout tiie United States, into Canada and occasionally into Mexico. The superintendent, Mr. James M. May, has been connected with the enterprise since its origin, and has filled his present position since 1881. Beaver Falls Cutlery Works. The works owned by the Beaver Falls Cutlery Company, were built in 1867, and were put in operation one year later. The originators were the Harmony Society, which, through its trustees, Messrs. Henrici and Lenz, is now the chief owner. The president is Henry T. Reeves, Avhilo the duties of secretary and treasurer are discharged by John "Reeves. The capita! stock of the company is §400,000. The grounds are two acres in extent, and the buildings are the largest in the city. The works are not now in opera- tion, but the suspension is temporary. At one time in its history this establishment turned out over 1,200 dozen of finished cutlery products, in the manufacture of which were employed nearly 320 men. Of these 158 were Chinamen, who never gave satisfaction. The number was reduced, until, in 1885, there were emialoyed 200, all of whom were white. But owing to the unsat- isfactory collection of duties on imported cutlery, and the consequent competition with foreign products, the company was com])elled to sus- pend operations, which was done in 1886. HuHbard & Co. The axe and hoe works now owned by this com- pany were established in 1870, by Joseph Graff & Co., and were oper- ated by them until 1879, when the firm of Hubbard, Bakewell & Co., of Pittsburgh, determined to secure them as a branch to their exten- sive works in Allegheny county. The firm is now known as Hubbard & Co., and consists of the following members: Charles W. Hubbard, S. A. Eankin, D. M. Long, Charles Lockhart, W. W. Frew and S. D. Hubbard, by which latter gentleman the establishment is now conducted. The products consist of all grades of axes, from three to six pounds in weight, and every variety of planters' hoes. Twenty-five 434: HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. distinct patterns of axes are made, and the specialties in hoes are the " Planters' Eye," " Scovil Pattern," " German Handled '" and the " Spout- ing and Hilling " In the manufacture of its axes the company uses annually over 900 tons of iron and 180 tons of steel; and in the hoe department, 450 tons of steel are utilized. The works are 300 feet square, and in them are employed from 125 to 150 men. The market comprises the whole of the United States, Canada and occasionally South America. Keystone PortaUe Steam Driller Company, Limited. The steam drill manufactured by this company was invented and patented in , 1880 by Mr. R. M. Downie, and a company was shortly afterwards formed to introduce it generally to the marlcet. Works were secured at Fallston, where for six years the company conducted a prosperous business. In 1887 the establishment was removed to Beaver Falls, where it now occupies what is claimed by the proprietors to be the largest works of the kind in the United States. The superintendent is R. M. Downie, and the chairman of the board of directors, H. II. George. II. M. Myers & Company, Limited. The business of this firm was begun in 1869, under the management of Myers & Armor, who termed their factory the " Economy "Works." The present limited company was formed in 1875, with H. M. Myers, chairman; Joseph M. Morrison? sec, and John Peeves, treas. Its products are shovels, spades and scoops of all kinds. The works cover nearly two acres of ground, and give employment to 175 men. The market is extensive, embracing the entire United States. Beaver Falls Car Worhs. This establishment began operations in 1878 under the management of Hon. Henry Ilice, pres.; John Peeves, sec; Jacob Henrici, treas., and John Corbus, supt. The products of the company were all grades of cars, and, in addition, general repair- ing and foundry work were done. January 15, 1886, the works were destroyed by fire, witli a total loss, save a little machinery. One week afterward the company rented room in the old quarters of the cutlery works, and began anew in a general machinists' business, in which they still continue, under the original management. BeaverFalls Iron Company was organized in October, 1885, under tlie management of N. E. Whittaker, pres., and E. C. Ewing, sec. The works of this company are quite extensive, and give employment to 150 men. The product is exclusively sheet iron, which is shipped to all parts of the United States. BEAVEE FALLS BOROUGH. 435 Beaver Falls Olass Company, Limited. This company was organ- ized January 1, 1887, under the following officers: George E. Smith, chairman, C. T. Mustin, sec. and treas.; J. H. Ohnsman, supt. In addition to the officers named are James M. May, H. W. Eeeves, F. F. Erierly and George "W. Coates, who constitute a board of man- agers. The building erected by this company is one of the neatest in the city, consisting of two stories and a basement, 336 by 80 feet. The oven in these works is claimed ro be the second largest in the United States. The products of this establishment consist of all varieties of pressed glassware, which, although the company is a new one, are shipped to all portions of the country. The number of men employed is two hundred. Beaver Falls Oo'&perative Glass Company was organized Feb- ruar^r 7, 1879, under the management of John Stoehr, chairman, George K. Brown, sec. and treas. The present company consists of William Schefller, Sr., chairman; C. C. Vogely, sec. and treas.; Phillip Scharf, foreman. The products are general glass table-ware and shop furniture. The company is run upon the cooperative system, the workmen sharing the profits. The company ships its wares to all parts of the United States and also to South America, particularly Brazil. Whitla Glass CoTnpany, Limited, was organized in June, 1887, for the purpose of manufacturing all kinds of general glassware. The officers of the company are — J. C. Whitla, pres.; J. P. Stone, sec. and treas.; board of directors, Simon Harrold, John M. Hughes, F. G. Tall- man, Stephen Stone and C. K. Harragh. The works consist of a large one-story frame building, in which there is the latest and best improved machinery. The market is yet prospective, but extensive preparations are being made for a large trade, as 150 men have been employed. Howard Stove Company. The works now owned by this company were formerly controlled by A. F. Wolf, who opened a stove foundry in 1868, and who, after two losses by fire, concluded to sell, which he did in 1883. The present company is under the management of Jacob Ecki, general manager, J. D. Perrott, secretary and treasurer, and Gawn Ward, travelling representative. The plant consists of a foundry 60 by ] 20 feet; a mounting room, 60 by 130 feet, over which are the carpentering, pattern and storing departments; a two-story warehouse 50 by 100 feet; a cleaning room, 30 by 60 feet; an engine and boiler house, 30 by 60 feet; and a flask shed 30 by 100 feet. The products are all kinds of stoves and ranges, among which the " Howard " range, the " Howard " cooking stove and the "Howard Franklin" open parlor stove are especially noted. 436 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. Knott, Ila/rker ds Co. was organized in October, 1883, beginning business in New Brighton, where they purchased the property of the American Grate and Fender Company. They continued there from October until the following May, when they moved to their present quarters. The products of this compan y are fire-place goods, novelties and general machinery. Their wares are sold in the West, to a great extent, and also in Ohio, Virginia and New York. The company has a paid up capital of $30,000. Its officers are — Joseph Wilson, pres.; Joseph Knott, sec. and treas., and W. G. Harker, supt. In addition to the officers named above, the firm comprises F. F. and F. K. Brierly. Cooperative Foundry Association was organized January 1, 1872, with officers as follows: A. J. Sennett, pres.; L. Armor, sec; and H. Buiford, treas. The products are stoves, hollow ware and ranges. A foundry department and warehouse, covering two lots are also maintained. There are employed by this company twenty-three hands, whose products are shipped mostly to places within a radius of 200 miles; although occasional shipments are made as far west as Chi- cago. The present officers are — T. Christian, pres.; H. Miller, sec; F. F. Brierly, treas; H. Miller, T. Kichards, John Scheibner, H. T. Demp- sey and W. H. Paisley, directors. The latter gentleman is also man- ager. The association has a paid up capital stock of $25,000, and is in a prosperous condition. J. H. Knott (& Co. The flouring mill owned \>^ this company was built in 1882, on the site of the old Patterson mill, which burned the year before. The members of the firm are John H. Knott, Joseph Wilson, F. K. Brierly andM. Shaner, the miller in charge. The first named gentleman is business manager. The company does a general milling business, using the Case gradual-reduction roller process. The capacity of the mills is seventy-five barrels per day. The motive power is furnished by three turbine wheels, thereby being able to run all the year. The market is purely local, the trade being merchant and exchange. Beaver Falls Planing Mill Company, Limited, was organized in 1878 by Simon Harrold, who conducted a general planing business until 1877, when the establishment passed into the hands of S. IST. Douthitt and Simon Harrold, who styled themselves the Beaver Falls Planing-mill Company. In April, 1886, George C. Wareham and Frank Pearson were admitted into partnersliip, and in September, 1887, the company became a limited concern, with officers as follows: G. C. Wareham, chairman; Frank Pearson, sec, and S. N. Douthitt, treas. BEAVEE FALLS BOEOUGH. 437 A general, lumber and planing mill business is carried on, employing about thirty hands. The trade extends from Pittsburgh to New Castle and Youngstovvn. ' Wilson, da Brierly. The Hrst lime-kiln opened near Beaver Falls Avas built in 1866 by Waddle, "Wilson & Co., and was situated a few yards above where the present Fort Wayne Rail Road station now is. The first switch laid in the city was one from the railroad track to this kiln. This same firm purchased the first real estate ever sold under the new corporation of Beaver Falls, Avhich was in 1867, and the pur- pose of the piirchase was to secure a site for the planing mill and lum- ber-yard which they shortly afterward located. In 1871 the present firm, consisting of Joseph Wilson and F. K. Brierly, was formed, being a reorganization of the old one. The firm now does a general planing-mill business, in connection with which js run a lumber yard. Its market is quite extensive, shipments being made to immediate and distant parts of the state. Steam Planing Jfill Company was organized June 25, 1887, being the successor of L. £. Pierce, who had managed a private mill for some eighteen months previous. The proprietors are Hugh Cunning, Daniel Cunning and Joseph Figley. The business consists in manu- facturing sash, doors, blinds, mouldings and siding, and also in dealing in all kinds of rough and planed lumber, and in general planing mill products. The company employ twelve men, and ship to surrounding places. Beaver Falls Chemioal Company was organized in 1884, for the purpose of manufacturing general chemical products. Products — sul- phur, muriatic acid, sulphate of soda, ammonia, etc. The company is composed of Cleveland men, and the building of its works in Beaver Falls was due to the facilities enjoyed in shipping, etc. C. A. Grasselli is president, and Daniel Bailay general manager. Keystone Chemioal Works. In February, 1887, Mr. C. C. Beggs engaged in the inanufacture of silicate of soda, using the rear of the Mayer pottery building as his works. The management was intrusted to Mr. Abraham Green. The product is used in the manufacture of soaps, also in stiffening prints, and in the latter use is much superior to lime, as it does not injure the fabric. The establishment, which has acquired the appellation of " Keystone Chemical Works," employs seven men, who turn out 250 barrels daily. The product is shipped to all parts of the country. Mayer Pottery Company, Limited. This company, manufacturers 438 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. of ironstone china, underglazed printed ware, and enameled, ware, was organized in 1881, witli Joseph Mayer, chairman; Ernest Mayer, sec- retary and treasurer. The works cover an area 350 by 100 feet, and the buildings are built of brick — the work-shops being three stories high, and the warehouses two stories. In them are employed 100 men, whose annual output is valued at $100,000. The products are general pottery ware, with specialties as follows: " Lustre Band " and " Sprig " ware, and an imitation of coal used in natural gas fires. This latter is made of porous earthenware, which, at a high temperature, is covered ^yith a black glazing. There are in the establishment two biscuit, two glost and four decorating kilns. The trade extends throughout the United States. Beaver Falls Art Tile Company, Limited, was organized Feb. ruary 1, 188Y, with officers as follows: John Reeves, chairman; F. W. "Walker, Jr., sec. and treas., and L. Roden, supt. The purpose was to produce a superior quality of artistic decorative tile, embracing stove, fire-place and mantel tiles. The works consist of a large brick struct- ure, fitted with the best apparatus. The company, though yet young, has developed quite a market, embracing nearly every state, and extend- ing even into Canada. Beaver Falls Water Company was organized in 1870, under the management of H. T. Reeves, pres.; George W. Morrison, sec: Thomas H. Hennon, treas.; H. W. Reeves, manager; and John Ramsey, supt. Its capital stock is $160,000. The town was first supplied with water by a reservoir; afterwards a pump and a cistern were put in at the cut- lery works. InTow, however, four Holly pumps, run by water power, are required, and in addition two steam pumps have recently been located in the upper end of town. The combined capacity is 3,500,000 gallons every twenty-four hours, which amount is pumped into a reser- voir, whence the town is supplied. ISfo change has been made in the corps of officers. Beaver Falls Gas Company was organized in 1871, with Hon. Henry Hice, pres.; J. H. Conway, vice-pres.; Frank S. Reader, sec; George S. Barker, treas., and John Reeves, J. M. Fessenden, W. W. Xyser, James Edgar, and M. Naylor, directors. The company began with a capital stock of $75,000, and commenced the manufacture of illuminating gas, using first coal and then the water-gas process. The two cities of ISTew Brighton and Beaver Falls are piped by it, using in the operation over twelve miles of piping. The annual output is nearly 8,000,000 cubic feet, while the works have a daily capacity of 140,000. ru\ ^^.t^iLiiy BEAVEK FALLS BOKOUQH. 441 The present officers are — Henry Eeeves, pres.; C. M. Merrick, vioe- pres.; John M. Critchlow, sec; G-eorge S. Barker, treas.; H. F. Dillon, supt., and Henry Hice, John Eeeves, John T. Reeves, Joseph Bently and Charles Barder, directors. Wagtier^s Brewery was established in 1880 by Henry Wagner, and commenced operations in the same year. At first, nothing but ale was brewed, but in six months' time beer was added to the products. The main building which is three stories high, is a brick structure 30 by 30 feet in dimensions. In addition there are the engine-house, 27 by 40 feet, the store-house, 22 by 27 feet, ice-houses, 20 by 40 and 16 by 50 feet (capable of holding 450 tons), vaults, 13 by 13, 10 by 50 and 12 by 34 feet, and a three-story brick malt-house, 20 bj' 30 feet. The capacity is about five thousand barrels yearly. Spring Water Brewery was established by James Anderton in 1869, in the old building on Brighton street. The business remained at that place until 1880, when it was removed to the present commodious briciv quarters. The products are restricted to pale, cream, bottled and amber ale, which are made to the extent of 1,000 barrels yearly. The brewery is still controlled by James Anderton, although he is aided by his sons. Six hands are employed. Beaver Falls Paper Company was organized in 1883, and the works placed under the management of J. C. Reed. The proprietors are Dillworth Brothers, of Pittsburgh, and the mill is merely a branch of the New Castle establishment. Products are English glazed hard- ware and rope manilla. The market extends throughout the country. A. S. (& R. W. Hall. The carriage works owned by this firm began operation April 1, 1874. Since that time the business has con- stantly grown, until now they manufacture all kinds of buggies, phaetons, barouches, buck and spring wagons, and general carriage goods. This is the only establishment of its kind in Beaver Falls. Its market is confined to the state, and chiefiy to the territory immedi- ately surrounding the city. Six men are employed. BANKS, ETC. First National Bank was organized in July, 1885, and was officered as follows: Hon. Henr}'^ Hice, pres.; Joseph Wilson, vice- pres.; P. Robertson, cashier; J. M. May, John Reeves, Simon Harrold,H.W. Reeves, H. C. Patterson, J. C. Whitla, J. L. McCartney and the president and vice-president, directors. The capital stock is now $50,000 with a prospective increase of $50,000 more. Following 24 442 HISTORY OF BBAVEE COUNTY. are the changes which have been made in the bank's officers since its organization: J. T. Beeves has superseded P. Eobertson as cashier, and G. W. Coates and F. G. Eohrkaste have succeeded J. C. Whitla and J. L. McCartney, respectively, as directors. ExcTiomge Bmik was founded in 1880, in the same building now used by the First ISTational. Its officers were— John Reeves, pres., and C. P. "Wallace, cashier. In 1882 Mr. Wallace purchased the inter- est of Mr. Eeeves, removed the bank to its present quarters, on Seventh avenue, No. Y12, and is still conducting a general banking business. Economy Savings Institution was established in March, 1868, with Hon. Henry Hice, pres.; H. T. Eeeves, vice-pres.; John Eeeves, cashier; George W. Morrison, assistant cashier. The board of directors comprise the officers and the Harmony Society, which acts through its representative, Jacob Henrici. The capital stock at begin- ning was only $20,000; but this has been successively increased, until now it amounts to $450,000. The capital is practically unhmited, be- ing measured only by the wealth of the society, which runs up into millions. The officers have remained unchanged since the beginning. Beaver Valley Street Railway Oo. was organized September 17, 1884, and was chartered six days later. The first officers were — M. L. Knight, pres.; Colonel J. Weyand, vice-pres.; J. F. Merriman, sec. and treas.; Hon. Henry Hice, John Eeeves, J. Weyand, J. C. Whitla, H. W. Eeeves, Joseph Snellenburg and M. L. Knight, directors. No changes have been made in the officers, except that George W. Coates and James M. May have taken the places made vacant by the resigna- tions of J. C. Whitla and Joseph Snellenburg. In the construction of the road, ground was broken on the 6th of May, 1885, and it was ready for travel on the 3d of July, the same year, in just forty-one working days. Over one hundred men were employed in the laying of the track. The road extends from the Fort Wayne Station, in New Brighton, to the foot of College Hill, in Chippewa township, thus connecting the two cities of New Brighton and Beaver Falls, and joining them at the same time with the College — a total distance of 3.1 miles. The capital stock is $30,000. The building of the company, comprising stables and car sheds, is 80 by 100 feet. It is lighted and heated, as are also the offices and boilers, with natural gas. Eighteen men are employed by the company. Eight cars, using thirty- six horses, and running at intervals of ten minutes, are used between the two towns. The present superintendent is Lycurgus Eichardson, who has been in that capacity ever since the road's first operation. CHAPTER XVI. NEW BRIGHTON BOEOUGH. Location^Eaely Histokt — Bank of the United States — Business Condition in 1837 — Building Opeeations — Education — Incoe- POEATION PoSTMASTEES SOCIETIES MaNUFACTUEING BaNKS Watee Woeks — Chueches. THIS interesting town is situated on the east bank of the Big Beaver river, about two and one-half miles from, its mouth, immediately opposite and at the foot of the lower falls of said river. It is built on what was once known as Tracts 91, 92, 93, 94 and 95. No. 91, owned by Mr. Mitchell, embraced that portion of the town lying below Block House Eun ; No. 92, owned by Thomas Lukens, that part lying below Broadway. On it was built the old block-house, the site of which was the one now occupied by the James W". Thorniley residence, on Main street. No. 93 lay north of No. 92, and included much of what is now Broadway. It was patented in 1786, by the su- preme executive council of the state, to Elias Boudinot and Thomas Bradford. At that early date it bore the name of " Eoxborough." Tract No. 94, north, was bought, in 1801, from Thomas Bradford by Benjamin Sharpless and David Townsend. Tract No. 95 was the prop- erty of Hoopes, Townsend & Co. These tracts extended from Big Beaver river to the limits of the town. Many years prior to the laying out of the town, a flouring mill known as " Wolf's Mill " was erected near Patterson's dam. It is said to have been the first mill of any kind on the east side of the river. To it came, from all directions for thirty miles, men riding on horseback along the single paths blazed through the woods, graded roads being then unknown in the " new country." This pioneer mill was in opera- tion as late as 1820, and stood until the construction of the canal compelled it to yield to the progress of civilization. Many an interesting story of pioneer hardship and happiness could its remains furnish if they were inteUigently interrogated. 443 444 HISTORY OF BE AVER COUNTY. About 1807, a man named "Walton made an attempt to establish a shipyard within the present borough limits, a short distance below the M. O. Kennedy residence. His theory was that, owing to the cheapness of raw material, labor,- living, etc., boats and ships could be built cheaper in this region than anywhere else. From their place of building he could, he conjectured, float them easily and readily down the Ohio and Mississippi to the world's marts, not dreaming that both Big Beaver and the Ohio were subject to two barriers equally difficult to overcome, ex- tremely low water and destructive floods. He was. perhaps, no wiser — than Thomas JefPerson, who built his sawmill on a lofty hill. Though he had a delightful site, he had never considered how he would get his logs to the mill. Like Jefferson, he abandoned his cherished enterprise, and left the world to conjecture what might have been. The early history of New Brighton is thus related b\^ Mr. Frank S. Reader, at present editor and proprietor of the Beaver Yalley News. His sketches were published in 1876, and gave a fund of valuable information obtained direct from the original settlers of the place. We give his own language : The occasion of the laying out of this village, and the circumstances that gave rise to it, are briefly related as follows: To meet the demands of a trade then springing into life, it was thought desirable to build a bridge connecting Brighton and these lands. A charter had been procured for that purpose, providing for the erection of a bridge across the waters of the Beaver, to connect Brighton and the site of JSTew Brighton, stipulating that it should be built in front of Brighton, now Beaver Falls. The parties who had the charter desired to build the bridge so that its eastern terminus would be on what is now Bridge street in New Brighton, but were met with the diflBculty that in so doing the terminus of the Brighton side would not be in front of Brighton, and hence would vio- late the express terms of their charter. In order to overcome this difficulty, it was decided to lay out an addition to Brighton on the opposite side of the river, and call it East Brighton. By doing this the eastern end of the bridge would be built in front of Brighton (East) and the terms of the charter complied with. This is the origin of the town, and trivial as it may seem, it is nevertheless a fact and an interesting one. Joseph Hoopes, of the firm of Hoopes, Townsend & Co., and who owned tract No. 95 adjoining the proposed new town, was employed as surveyor, and Mr. J. W. Wilson was one of the chain carriers. Mr. Hoopes also made a plot of the town, which is yet preserved by Mr. Wilson. * * At the time of the survey, a part of the town was a dense wilderness, covered by red oak and a heavy growth of saplings. In order to get through the woods to carry the chain, Mr. Wilson relates that he was compelled to carry a hatchet and chop the saplings out of his way. The compensation for this work, he says, was the first money he ever earned At the conclusion of the survey, when stakes had been placed at the corner of each square, and the field labors over, the proprietors and workmen were returning along Water street, when Mr. D. Townsend made the company an offer that he would give one hundred dollars for the right to all the soil from Water street to Beaver river, con- NEW BRIGHTON BOEOUGH. 445 sisting of about twenty-five good lots. The proposition was accepted on the part of the other proprietors with cheerfulness. The new town was called East Brighton, andafter the lapse of a few years came to be known as New Brighton. An amusing incident is related of this surveying at the expense of Mr. J. "W. "Wilson, which is so very charac- teristic of the times, that it will bear telling. It is said of Mr. Wilson — and frankly admitted by himself — that at the time referred to he was a very " queer youth," full of curiosity, and uniformly wanted to know the whys and wherefores of events that were transpiring about him. He was very much interested in the workings of the compass, and had a great desire to understand the mechanism of it. He was standing by the instrument — close by a pine tree which formed the corner of tracts Nos. 94 and 95 — closely examining its various points and fully absorbed in it, when, to his great aston- ishment, he received a stunning blow on the side of the face, which sent him reeling several feet distant. Recovering himself he returned to the tree and found David Town- send standing by the compass. Mr. Wilson at once inquired why he had been treated in such a summary manner, and, anxious to establish his innocence, added, " I didn't touch the instrument," repeating the words two or three times. Mr. Townsend kept him in suspense for some time, and at his leisure turned to Mr. Wilson and asked him if he knew why he had struck him. A negative answer was given and another disclaimer put in that he had done nothing deserving such treatment, when Townsend informed him that he had struck him to fully impress upon his mind the fact, "that that little pine tree was the corner of tracts Nos. 94 and 95." Mr. Wilson has never forgotten, but after an experience of over sixty years, he does not by any means recommend this practice as a means of improving the memory. The bridge connecting the two towns was built, and stood until the year 1818, when" it was swept away by the breaking up of the ice. At that time there was not the advantage of dams in breaking up the ice in its progress down stream, and thus be broken to pieces and shorn of its terribly destructive power. Upon this occasion there had been extraordinary heavy snows and hard freezing, and when the spring rains and thaw came, the melting of the snow and the rains swelled the river to an unprecedented fury, and acres of ice were swept down the river in one solid cake, by the resistless current, which, in its onward, mighty, and rapid iiow swept away the piers of the bridge and carried the bridge with it into the whirling rapids below . The bridge was rebuilt in 1883-84 by "William Le Baron, at a cost of $14,000. It is still standing, and serves to connect the two enter- prising but neighborly corporations of New Brighton and Beaver Falls. Across it run the cars of the street railway company. Little progress was made in East Brighton until about 1830, when the purchase of Old Brighton by James Patterson gave a general im- pulse to business not to be confined to one side of Big Beaver river. Property readily commanded better prices, and different kinds of industr}" sought location in the new town. In 1828 David Townsend built the fine stone mill subsequently known as the " Wilson Mill," because it shortly passed into the posses- sion of Mr. J. W. Wilson. By him it was managed successfully for many years,when it fell into the hands of Wade Wilson, a successful and energetic business man. Owing to the fact that the walls of 446 HISTOEY OF BEATEE COTTNTY. this structure at their base are three feet thick, it has stood one or two destructive fires without injury to its foundation or walls. The building of the canal under the act of 1832 gave an additional stimulus to the business interests of the place; but the greatest " boom" was started when a branch of the United States Bank was established. Under the direction of Hon. John Dickey it was stipulated that the bank might estabhsh two branch banks in Pennsylvania, " one of which must be in Beaver county." Taking advantage of the liberty thus con- ceded, the bank did establish the two branches. One of them was first fixed at Beaver, but by action of the board of directors was subse- quently located at New Brighton with the following organization : President— John Pugh ; cashier— Dr. William H. Denny ; directors— K. Townsend, M. F. Champlin, James Patterson, Ovid Pinney, Dr. E. K. Chamberlin, A. W. Townsend and J. P. Johnston, of Beaver county, John B. Pearson, of Mercer county, and John Gilmore, of Butler county. All responsible persons were urged to borrow money, and thus increase the volume of business in the community. The people did so, endorsing for one another in utter forgetfulness of the proverb of Sol- omon: " He that hateth suretyship is wise." Money for a time was abundant; but a day of reckoning had to come. Bank obligations had to be met. The mother bank in Philadelpha failed, and assigned to Philadelphia bank trustees, the indebtedness due to the branch in New Brighton causing ruin and distress to fall upon many persons and busi- ness interests throughout the county. Real estate values were greatly depressed, and property was almost without sale. The general inju- rious effects upon the community are said to have been greater than those which succeeded the financial crash of the autum of 1873. " Under the labor influence and cost of a citizen of the county," says James Patterson, "a very large amount of these debts due in Bea- ver county, approximating $200,000, were compromised and paid by the assignments of cash, real estate, bonds, stocks, etc., to the very great benefit of debtor and creditor. By these compromises most of the manufacturers were enabled, at least in a small way, to resume busi- ness, and gradually but slowly confidence and business revived again." A summary view of the place in 183Y may aid in getting a clear idea of the growth of the town. At that time the United States Bank, whose fate has been detailed, was in full blast. The Beaver County Insurance Company— E. Townsend, president, and Edward Hoopes, secretary— with a capital of $400,000, was located in the place. It had NHW BRIGHTON BOROUGH. 44:7 an agency also in Pittsburgh. A ladies' seminary conducted by Mr. and Mrs. Leech, recently from Harrisburgh, was in a flourishing condition and the pride of the town. The different religious denominations were represented by houses of worship, as follows: One Presbyterian, two Friends (Quakers), one Seceder, one Union and one Methodist. There were nine stores, two flouring mills in operation and two in process of erection, two saw- mills, two lath-mills, one woolen factory, one ingrain carpet factory, one patent felt carpet factory (the last three just commencing operar tions). The different vocations were thus represented: Merchants— 3 dhn McCombs, Edward Hoopes & Harrison Mendenhall, John Lukens & William Ashton, J. P. Smith & Co., C. & H. Hoopes, Thomas T. Reno, Gowan Dunlap, John Rainbow, Talbot Townsend. . . . Druggists— ChaiabeTlin & Hoopes. . . . Physicians — "W. H. H. Chamberlin, J. Owens. . . Justices of the Peace — David Worcester, Isaac Walker. . . . Attorney at Law — Brown B. Chamberlin. Tailors — Thorn & Eastburn, McCreary & Havil, Harrison Graham, William Wal- lace. . . . Carpenters — John C. Hunter, Isaac Walker, Paul Jones, James Walker, Samuel Venaeman, William Tanner, M. B. Mason. . . Brick makers — Peter and Henry Reed, Samuel McGowan, Bryan & Sippy. . . . Coach Factory— W. & H. Blanchard. . . . Wagonmaker — James Wilson. . . . Brick-layers^-Bsioiuel McGowan & Son, Mark D. Bradway. . . Plasterers — James N. Beabout, Samuel Stokes, Sylvester Hunter. . . . Lurnbermen — Maynard, Hoopes & Mendenhall, M, B. Mason, Benjamin Davis. . . . Painters and Glaziers — Venneman & Garrison. , . Window- hlind Factories — Worcester & Clarke, J. McKenzie & Co., Melchior Shuster. Blacksmiths — Samuel Funckhouser & Co., Brown & Fleming. . . . Millers — Levi McConnell, Joseph B. Coal. . . . Tanners and Currtirs — David & John Hoopes. Shoe-shop — William Brown. . . . Matter — Samuel Ramsey. . . . Hotel — John Har- baugh. . . . General Land Agent — Marcus T. C. Gould. The building " boom," so far as concerns manufacturing establish- ments, began in 1837, when Messrs. Townsend erected their mill for flouring purposes, and other persons began to build other structures. The Townsend mill was subsequently burned, but rebuilt by Alexander & Williams. In 1838 Messrs. Bedison & Co. built a flouring mill, which, with some changes in proprietorship, has been serving the community faith- fully ever since. About the same time F. D. Houlett and John Camp- bell put up a structure, which for a time they used as a wagon shop, and then as a woolen mUl. About 1840 it was metamorphosed into a sash factory by Thomas Seal and Charles Coale. In 1840, Abel Town- send and others built what was known as the " Felt Factory," which was subsequently used by Benjamin and W. Wilde as a woolen factory. In 1844 Charles Coale and Thomas Seal built the " tub and wash- board factory," and began to manufacture buckets in the building 448 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. formerly occupied by the "Wildes, the latter having meanwhile erected a new brick building for their own use. Coale and Seal were associ- ated in business with John W. Gill, of Wheeling. In 1858 was established an extensive car factory, which began oper- ations in 1859 under the control of Merrick, Hannah (fe'Co. For a period of nearly fifteen years they turned out a superior quality of cars. The company finally suspended, not because their goods were not deserving of being purchased, nor because they lacked skill, energy, business experience or capital, but because they were not admitted to the inner circle of some railroad ring. The property stood unoccupied until the summer of 1887, when, under the impetus given to manufactures in the town by the consump- tion of natural gas, the plant was converted into the extensive estab- lishment now operated by the Dithredge Flint Glass Company. New Brighton has always shown commendable zeal in educational matters. New Brighton Fem,ale Seminary. M. T. C. Gould, late of Phila- delphia, principal, July 4, 1833, announces call for patronage, assuring the inhabitants of Beaver and the adjoining counties that "young ladies will be thoroughly taught in all the useful branches of modern female edacation, and in such of the higher and ornamental depart- ments of science, literature and the arts as are usually acquired in the best institutions of the Atlantic states. In addition, untiring attention will be paid to the manners, morals, health and personal comfort of all committed to his care." On the 1st of May, 183T, Eichard Leech and his wife, from Har- risburgh, opened a female academy in which thej' announced to teach the English branches, French and Latin languages, and higher mathe- matics. In their preliminary announcement, they stipulated that per- manency would depend upon success. For a time it was deservedly very popular and successful. A successor of the Leech academy was the Greenwood Institute which is yet remembered with pride by many of the cultured ladies of the community as the institution in which their inspirations were fostered and their minds developed for the conflicts of life. Two of the stu- dents of the institute have achieved national reputation, Anna Dickin- son and Grace Greenwood. The former was simply a pupil, while the latter was both a resident of the place and a pupil. She subsequently married Mr. Lippincott, member of the celebrated publishing house in Philadelphia. \mii^' < NEW BRIGHTON BOKOU&H. 451 In September, 1851, the New Brighton High School was under the direction of S. L. Coulter, A.M., formerly of the Beaver academy. He was a skillful instructor. In 1855 Eev. Joseph P. Taylor, rector of the Episcopal church of the borough, established the Kenwood Boarding-school for boys. It was pleasantly situated in a grove of oaks, on elevated grounds, in the rear of the town, commanding an admirable view of Beaver YaUey. The work begun by Mr. Taylor was efficiently supplemented by those of Professor Charles Jacobus. The school was discontinued years ago, and the building is now the private property of Mrs. Scott. The excellent private schools and academies already referred to paved the way for the present excellent public schools. There are two substantial buildings valued at $35,000. The one in the middle ward contains twelve rooms, one of which is used for high-sshool purposes. It is a three-story brick structure, provided witli suitable fire escapes. The second is the north ward house, a two-story brick with four rooms. The enrollment is quite one thousand pupils. The schools are in flour- ishing condition under the management of E. C. Lavers, who has been their special guardian for about six years. New Brighton was incorporated as a borough by act of the legis- lature in 1838. At the March session of the court of 1855 a petition, signed by J. K. Martin, burgess, and M. T. Kennedy, Joseph T. Pugh, Joseph McConnell, J. S. Winans, Jacob E. Sharrar, Henry Hippie and T. A. Barker, councilmen, was presented, asking that the borough be placed under the provisions of the act of April 3, 1851. The court granted the request June 7, 1855. Since the establishment of the postoffice in the place, mail has been distributed to the people by the following postmasters, who were appointed at dates given: Brown B. Chamberlin, November 12, 1849; Oren Waters, December 23, 1852; Charles H.Higby, July Y, 1853; John Glass, April 16, 1857; Isaac Covert, July 12, 1859; John C. Boyle, March 13, 1861; Mrs. E. B. Cuthbertson, June 24, 1869; Walter S. Braden, March 1, 1886. SOCIETIES AND ASSOCIATIONS. Union Lodge, No. 259, F. & A. M., was instituted November 20, 1851. The charter members were John Sargeant, James Carothers, Kobert Townsend, John Baker, James Eichardson, James Creary, Thompson Bennett. Following are lists of the various officers of the lodge since its organization: 452 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. Worshipful Masters: John Sargeant, David Stanton, David Oritchlow, R. L. McGowan, F. W. Williams, Joseph Wilson, C. K. Chamberlin, E. H. Alexander, Phillip Martsolf,!. K. Campbell, Ralph Covert, Matthew Stacey, Robert L. McGowan, Alfred M. Whishr, John P. Sherwood, Joseph J. Snellenburg, William H. Elverson. The lodge meets every first Tuesday of each month in Merrick's block, corner Broadway and FaUs street. The membership is sixty- two, and financial condition good. Evergreen Encampment of Bai/riarchs, No. 151, I. 0. 0. F., w^s instituted by a warrant of dispensation, issued by the Grand Encamp- ment of Pennsylvania, on the 16th of February, 1867. The first officers of the lodge were — P. M. Kane, C. P.; E. J. Evans,.H. P.; John McClain, S.W.; JohnMitchell, J. W.; George F. Seimon, S., and James Lourimore, T. The Encampment meets on the first and third Satur- days of each month, in Merrick's block, corner Broadway and Falls street. Bohertson Lodge, No. J/SO, I. 0. 0. F., was chartered July 18, 1851. Its first corps of officers embraced the following members: William Eichardson, ]N". G.; W. I. Wilson, Y. G.; Matthew H. Robertson, scribe; Alfred E. Townsend, asst. scribe; Samuel McOleery, treas. Its lodge room is in the Merrick block, corner of Broadway and Falls street. The present Noble Grand is G. L. Eberhart. Covert Lodge, No 351, K. of B., was instituted May 1, 1872. Char- ter members — E. G. Evans, E. Covert, J. S. Mitchell, John Decker, Lewis Graham, J. E. Martin, Aaron Wolf, J. F. Johnston and William Evans. In August, 1874, the name was changed to Social Lodge- Meetings are held every Friday night. Becuoer Valley Lodge, No. 81, A. 0. JJ. W., was ordained by Grand Lodge September 23, 1874. The charter members Avere— Philip Mart- solf, P. M. W.; J. C. McDonald, M. W.; Thomas S. Wilson, G. F.; Oliver Motter, O.; E. G. Evans, recorder; W. C. Simpson, financier; James Eoney, receiver; William Lloyd, inside watch; John Asharabaugh, outside watch; Frank Langnecker, J. V. Wimans and W. J. ^N'anner, trustees, and O. Moulter, Frank S. Eeader, E. Houston and M. Mc- Pherson. The present officers are — John H. Williams, P. M. W.; M. McPherson, M. W.; H. T. Barker, F.; J. Hunter, O.; W. J. Nanner, rec; E. G. Evans, fin., G. L. Eberhart, receiver; William Dixon, G.; 0. C. Hatch, I. W.; H. Miller, 0. W.; P. Martsolf, O. Moulter and W. K. Dixon, trustees. The lodge meets on the second and fourth Tuesdays of each month in their hall, on Broadway. Its membership • is sixty- three, and everything is in good condition. NEW BRIGHTON BOEOUGH. 453 The Equitable Aid Union was organized February 21, 1883. The officers at beginning were — G. L. Eberhart, pres.; Alice Edgar, vice- pres.; John P. Edgar, sec; A. Hanauer, treas. The society has been in continuous operation since that time. Its present membership is twenty-eight. Meetings are held in the G. A. E. Hall. The present officers are — John P. Graham, pres.; Mrs. Elizabeth Hunter, vice-pres.; John P. Edgar, sec; A. Hanauer, treas. New Brighton Council, No. 123, N. IT., was organized December 23, 1885, the first president being C. W. Wahli; secretary, J. N. Andre; financial secretary, J. P. Edgar; treasurer, Frank Walker. It has been in operation since that time, and its membership is now twenty-three. The meetings are held in F. A. Heberline's office. Present officers: John Cook, pres.; J. P. Edgar, sec; F^ A. Heberline, fin. sec, and G. L. Eberhart, treas. K M. Stanton Post, No. 208, G. A. R., Department of Pennsyl- vania, was organized in 1881. Its charter members were — Charles C. Townsend, A. J. Bingham, J. K. Piersoll, Joseph Pollock, Ivan Pugh, Alexander E. Ow, E.. B. McDonald, Ira McClain, J. M. Lourimore, Eobert Kennedy, Frank S. Eeader, Frank Merrick, W. C. Lourimore, B. F. Pugh, Dr. David McKinney, Jr. The first officers were — C. C. Tovmsend, C; J. K. Piersoll, S. V. C; Ivan Pugh, J. V. C; Eobert Kennedy, O. D.; Joseph Van Lear, O. G.; Frank S. Eeader, Chap. Frank Merrick, Adj. The present officers are — Joseph Van Lear, C. C. Emmel, S. V. C; J. M. Lourimore, J. V. C; L. 0. Barnes, O. D. W. C. Lourimore, O. G.; A. G. Harvey, Q. M.; Eev. T. J. Danner, Chap. The present membership is seventy-one. Meetings are held in the G. A. E. Hall, on Broadway, every second and fourth Thursdays. Young Men's Library Association. In 1850 a few young men and boys began to hold meetings in John Pugh's smoke house, for the pur- pose of exchanging books and various reading matter. Shortly a regular society, with regular initiation fees, six and one-fourth cents, and weekly dues, one cent, was organized, which society has grown until it in now what is known as the Young Men's Library Association. It has afinehall, beautifully carpeted, with a library numbering upwards of 2,500 volumes, and a valuable collection of curiosities. The present officers are — H. C. Cuthbertson, pres.; J. E. Miner, vice-pres.; John S. Wendt, sec. and librarian; E. H. Seiple, treas.; E. L. Kenah, Jr., Fred. J. Nannah, H. E. Calhoon, Charles Harris, board of directors. Beaver Yalley Building and Loan Association was chartered March T, 1876. Business was commenced on the first Monday of the following 454 HISTOEY OF BEAVEK COUNTY. April. The first officers were— J. F. Miner, pres.; F. S. Eeader, sec; Evan Pugh, treas. The capital stock of the Association is now $1,000,000 — the limit allowed by its charter — divided into 5,000 shares of the par value of $200 each. There are about 1,200 accounts kept on the Association's books, and the business is transacted in the large three-story brick building, which, together with a large fire-proof vault for the preservation of books and papers, constitutes the property of the Association. Meetings are held on the first Monday of each month. The officers are as follows : Joseph F. Mitchell, pres.; F. W. Walker, Jr., vice-pres.; W. B. Cuthbertson, sec; Fred. G. Barker, treas.; Bigger & Henry, solicitors. Directors — J. F. Mitchell, E. B. McDanel, 0. C. Harris,"' G. F. Kennedy, D. C. Schofield, W. C. Simp- son, F. W. Walker, Jr., F. K. Brierly, C. W. Bradshaw. Trustees — E. B. McDanel, 0. C. Harris, G. F. Kennedy. Auditors— W. B. Cuth- bertson, H. E". W. Ployt, Chas. S. Gilliland. Womari's Christian Temperanee Union was organized December 8? 1881, by Mrs. M. J. Taggart. Following are names of original mem- bers: Mrs. M. A. Stone, Mrs. A. C. Kennedy, Mrs. A. E. Beabout, Mrs. M. McComb, Mrs. Alice Edgar, Mrs. Douglass, Mrs. Webber, Mrs. E. L. Kenah, Mrs. E. Shook, Mrs. Taggart, Mrs. A. D. Gilliland, Misses Jennie Miller, Clara Miller, Emma Aiken, M. Hoey, Lillie Eeed, M. Leek, M. Boles. Its first officers were — President, Mrs. J. P. Edgar ; Vice-President, Miss Feree ; Secretary, Mrs. Hiram Piatt ; Treasurer, Mrs. C. A. Harris. The membership numbers forty-five. Meetings are held in the M. E. Church. The influence of the Union is felt throughout the city, and much good is being accomplished. MANOFACTUEING, BANKING ETC. New Brighton Pottery Works. These were originally founded by Thomas Elverson in 1862, on the grounds now owned by Taylor & Schofield. The present site was secured in 1879, and the works now owned by Elverson, Sherwood & Barker, Limited, and known as the JSTew Brighton Pottery Works, were built on a three-acre tract of land. The original building was 36 by 185 feet in dimensions. Improvements and additions have been made, until now the works embrace a three-story building 40 by 159 feet, two two-story brick ware-houses 32 by 80 and 40 by 80 feet, respectively; store room and paint shops 18 by 48 feet, a model room 24 by 60 feet, and two frame buildings 30 by 112 and 40 by 140 feet. The works are situated on the Block House Eun, and to them runs a rail road switch, thus afford- NEW BEIGHTON BOROUGH. 455 ing ample shipping facilities. In them are nine large kilns, with a weekly capacity of 50,000 gallons. About 125 hands are employed, whose products are fine glazed stew pans, milk pans, fruit jars, stone w;are, green-house pots, lawn vases, stove flues, chimney tops, imita- tion grate logs for natural gas fires, etc. Tlie officers of the company are — W. H. Elverson, chairman; C. A. Barker, sec. and treas.; J. P. Sherwood, supt. Sherwood Bros.'' Pottery Worlds, Limited. The busmess of this firm was commenced in 1879 by G. W. and W. D. Sherwood, in a smaU frame build ing having but one kiln with a weekly capacity of only 500 gallons. Now tliere are six kilns, with a total weekly capac- ity of 45,000 gallons. Their other property consists of a wareroom 40 by 150 feet, a two-story brick, 40 by 40 feet, and the usual number of outbuildings. Over 100 men are employed, and the goods produced by them find market in almost every state and territory in the Union. Pioneer Pottery Compantj., Limited. The works operated by this company were built in 1883, and now comprise a main building 50 by 150 feet, with the usual outbuildings and store rooms. In the building are three kilns, having a combined weekly product of 15,000 gallons. The products of the company consist of black and stone ware, and also glazed and salt ware. Butter pans, mixing bowls, preserve and fruit jars, stew pans, churns, jars, etc., are the specific productions of the works; fifty men are employed, and the trade extends over the United States; David Osborne is chairman; F. H. Stuchfield, sec. and treas. and John F. Martin, supt. Pioneer Potter"^. The works now owned and operated by C. W. Taylor and D. C. Schofield were established as early as 1866, and from the fact that they were the first manufactory of pottery ware in New Brighton, are sometimes termed the "Pioneer Pottery." The products of this firm are limited to flower pots and floral ware; and in this line every conceivable variety and design is produced. Their trade has in- creased until it now extends over a considerable portion of the United States. Scott Bros.'' Pottery. The works of this firm are not at the present writing in operation. One kiln is already built, and another is to be erected as soon as necessary. No buildings are yet constructed ; but it is intended to have everything in active operation soon, when gen- eral pottery and decorative ware will be produced. A. F. Smith & Go. The brick works owned by this firm, and known as the Globe Fire Brick "Works, were established originally by 456 HISTOEY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. Squire John Glass in 1845. Since that time they have been in con- tinuous operation. There are now two yards, the original one consisting of 40 acres of ground on which are four kilns, two engines and two rolls; a dry-house 80 by 100 feet; engine room, two stories, 40 by 40 feet; grinding house 40 by 40 feet; stock house, 60 feet long; another grind- ing house and blacksmith house, 40 by 40 feet. The other yard, 30 acres in area, has not been yet filled up with full machinery, but when done will contain drying house, 60 by 120 feet; three kilns, an engine, and engine house, 40 by 40 feet; and other buildings, to be erected as needed. The two yards employ in the aggregate about forty hands. They produce a superior line of fire bricks, grate backs, stove linings and general brick products. The trade of this company extends through the Northern states, from the Hudson west to the Mississippi. Over 3,000,000 bricks are turned out yearly. A. F. Smith and Robert Hay are proprietors. Prospect Rill Brick Works were organized eleven years ago, and are at present owned by Alfred and A. Kroid Dewhurst. The plant covers three acres of ground, and the works give employment to about ten hands, who produce nearly 6,000 bricks per day. The prod- ucts are red and pressed bricks, and the market is quite extensive, embracing this and adjoining states. Wilson's Brick Yards were built in 1882 by T. S. Wilson, the present proprietor. There had, though, been works on the same ground as early as 1826 it is believed. Three kilns are now employed, and over 4,500 bricks are turned out daily. Mount Ephraim Brick Yard. The works kno wn by th is name were built in 1852. Mr. Joseph Dewhurst is the present proprietor. About 2,000,000 of good bricks are produced annually. Over twelve men are employed, and the plant comprises seven acres of land. Fish Bros.' Brick Yard. These works are owned by William and Levi Fish, and were opened several years ago. Four kilns are used, and nearly 3,000,000 brick are turned out yearly, giving employment to thirty men. Pioneer Flax Mills. These extensive mills were founded in 1850 by the late A. Bentley, who conducted them until 1862, when the pres- ent firm, consisting of Henry Gerwig, A. Bentley, Jr., Henry Bentley, Joseph Bentley and Nicholas J. Gerwig, was formed. The works cover five acres of ground, and the main building, a two-story brick, is 50 by 300 feet in dimensions. In addition to this are numerous outbuild- ings, the whole forming a large and interesting establishment. Their NEW BRIGHTON BOEOTJGH. 45Y product is hemp cord, from a thread up to a bed-cord in size. Over 150 men are employed, their products being shipped into every state in the Union. The president of the firm is Henry Gerwig; Joseph Bentley, sec. and treas., and Abram Bentley, Jr., is supt. Standard Horse Nail Company was established in 1 872, and in- corporated in 1886 with a capital stock of $60,000. The original firm consisted of "Whysall & Merrick, but in 1880 Mr. Whysall was suc- ceeded by E. E. Pearce. The works were burned in February, 1886, but are now rebuilt and consist of a large brick building 30 by 158 feet, a machine shop 33 by 60 feet, and a •boiler house 20 by 22 feet. Machin- ery of the latest improvements is used, and have a capacity of over one ton per day. The nail is made complete, from rod-iron, in one contin- uous operation. The organization was effected in March, 1886, under the following management : C. M. Eussell, of Massillon, pres.; F. S. Merrick, sec; C. M. Merrick, treas. ; E. E. Pearce, supt. of works. Novelty Iron Worhs. This establishment was opened in 1874, and their capacity has been twice doubled since that time. The plant covers a tract of ground 150 by 330 feet, which is covered by several buildings. The main one is a frame, and comprises several departments. Over 100 men are employed, and they turn out all sorts of coffee, corn and spice mills, builders' and house furnishing hardware, etc. The proprietors are J. H. Logan and Turner Strorbridge. Dawes c& Myler. The works of this firm are in process of erection. The grounds comprise four acres, and the main building, together with the auxiliary structures, cover almost the entire plant. It is intended to manufacture cast-iron enameled hollow ware, plumbers' and sanitary goods, etc., and although the market is yet prospective, arrangements have been made for the employment of over 150 workmen. New Brighton Glass Company was ' organized in January, 1886, under the management of C. N. L. Brudewold, and commenced the manufacture of flint, green and amber glass hollow-ware. The grounds cover four acres, and in the works, which are supplied throughout with excellent machinery, are used the Armstrong & Thomas patent tank melting furnaces. Their capacity is over 100 tons weekly, and the . value of their annual products is estimated at $150,000. Over 130 men are employed. The organization of the company is as follows : John Kenworthy, pres.; J. S. McClain, sec; F. McPhern, treas.; Ira Thomas, supt. Dithridge Flint Glass Company. This company secured possession 458 HISTOKY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. of the plant formerly used by the Pittsburgh Chain Company, and previous to that by the car works, and commenced operations in August, 188T, under the management of E. D. Dithridge, pres.; F. C. Win- ship, sec, and George W. Dithridge, treas. On another page is given a history of the car factory, together with an account of the erection of the iDuilding. This latter is 60 by 450 feet in dimensions, and is of brick, two stories high. A large force of men (over 300) is kept running day and night by the company, and the products that they turn out, consisting of every conceivable variety and shape of flint glassware, are shipped to every portion of the country. Kenneck/'s Keg Worhs. The establishment, operated byM. T. & S. Kennedy, was opened several years ago in a small way, but expanding business necessitated increased facilities, until now the firm controls as large buildings, as large a force of men^numbering nearly 100 — and as large a trade as any in the state. The specialty is white lead kegs, each one being manufactured from the rough staves into a finished, symmetrical keg, in less than a minute. These are shipped to every portion of the country. The firm now consists of E.. S. Thomas, Will- iam, T. L. and George Kennedy. Star Flouring Mills. This establishment was opened by Douglas ■& Co. in 1881, being of wood, three stories high, 40 by 54 feet. Excel- lent machinery is supplied, employing five run of buhrs and two sets of roll. Water power furnishes the motive, and over sixty barrels are turned out daily. The market, though chiefly local, extends through a considerable stretch of surrounding country. Quaker Flouring Mills. The old mill, known as the "Quaker mill," was purchased in 1886 by Ellis & Kiskadden, who immediately enlarged, remodeled and improved it until it now has a capacity of 150 barrels daily. The motive power is furnished by water. McDanel cfe McClairv's Planing Mill Avas built in 1881. The building is of brick, four stories high,and is 35 by 100 feet in diqiensions. Water furnishes the motive power to the best improved machinery. Products are rough and dressed lumber, sash, doors and blinds, mold- ings and general planing mill material. Connected with the mill is a box factory, in which are made all kinds of board and pasteboard boxes. Office desks and furniture are also manufactured. Over twenty men are employed, and the market extends into a large number of adjoin- ing towns. The National Bank of New Brighton was first organized ISTovem- ter 12, 1857, with S. Merrick, president, Edward Hoops, cashier, NEW BEIGHTON BOROUGH. 461 and Q. M. Merrick, teller. Its capital stock was $150,000. November 12, 1861, the bank was chartered under the name of the National Bank of Beaver County, and some years later its capital stock was increased to $200,000. October 27, 1884:, the bank was changed to the " National Bank of New Brighton," and its capital stock was reduced to $100,000. The officers of the bank have been, successively, — Presidents, Silas Mer- rick, John Miner, M. T. Kennedy and John Keeves, the present executive ; cashiers, Edward Hoopes, who served from the bank's organization until April 6, 1883, and the present one, C. M. Merrick ; book-keeper, De Witt C. Champlin. The bank is at present in first class condition. G. S. Barker cG Co. This firm, which was organized in 1875, does an extensive private banking and broking business. Its office is on Broadway, and the manager of the company is G. S. Barker. The New Brighton Water Company was chartered in the year 1871. with a capital stock of $50,000, divided into 1,000 shares of $50 «ach, and began operations the following year. The works were supplied with two large pumps, having each a capacity of 750,000 gallons every twenty-four hours, but they became inadequate, and in 1887 a new apparatus was placed in position, thus largely increasing both their capacity and value. The company is under the able management of E. S. Kennedy, pres., and Dr. H. S. McConnel, sec. CHUECHES. J'^irst Preshyteria7i Church. A meeting was held at Fallston in November, 1834, and the First Presbyterian church of New Brighton was organized, being a branch of the Beaver church. The first sermon •delivered to the new congregation was preached by Rev. T. E. Hughes. The first members were — M. F. and Sarah Angelina Champlin, Robert and Elizabeth Ferguson, Charles and Nancy Lukens, James and Eliza- beth Patterson, Samuel Van Emon, John M. Lukens, Sarah Patter- son, Hannah, Rachel and Margaret Davis, Margaret Baker, Elizabeth Kimberly, Susan Maynard, Jane Senior, Sarah Lukens, who were all from the Beaver congregation; James Cummings, from the Canonsburg church; Mary Gould, from the Albany church; "William and Eliza Can- non and Eliza Corbus, on examination. M. F. Champlin and Robert Ferguson were elected first elders. Of the old building, which stood near the present residence of Dr. McKinney, no record could be found; but in 1874 the present elabo- rate structure was erected at an expense of $50,000. The pastors have been — Rev. Aaron Williams, who left near the close of 1840; Rev. Ben- jamin C. Critchlow, 1841-74; and the present pastor, Rev. Dunlop 25 462 HISTOET OF BEATBE COUNTY. Moore, D. D., who came in July, 1875. The present officers, of the church are as follows : Elders, Henry Phillis, George McHattie, H. ]Sr. "W. Hoyt, and A. Y. Gallagher; board of trustees, E. Antenreith, president; Thomas Kenedy, secretary; E. P. Townsend, treasurer; Dr. McKinney and Thomas Gallagher. The superintendent of the Sab- bath-school is H. N. W. Hoyt. United Presbyterian Church. This congregationjowes its origin to an informal union of the Associate and the Associate Reformed congrega- tions of the same name. The records do not show a formal union. It occurred rather by agreement after the release of the Eev. B. F. Saw- yer, pastor of the Associate congregation. The records of the sessions prior to 1835 are wanting, and those from that date to 1868 are very imperfect and unsatisfactory. In order to understand the history of the present congregation, it is necessary to sketch the two which were its progenitors, commencing with 1. The Associate Congregation. At the meeting of the Chartiers Presbytery, Nov. 4, 1801, a petition for preaching came from Big Beaver, and Kev. Thomas McClintock was appointed to respond on the fourth Sunday of that month. Dec. 14, 1803, at the request of James Kennedy, further appointments were made, services being conducted at his house on a farm adjoining the "Warnock estate to the left of the road as one goes to New Castle, and on the hill opposite Homewood. July 2, 1805, a preacher was assigned to Big Beaver, Little Beaver (now Bethel, Kev. J. S. Dice, pastor), and Brush Eun (now Darlington, Eev. H. Sturgeon, pastor). The call was given to Eev. David Imbrie. Mr. Imbrie was a grandfather of Eev. D. E. Imbrie and J. J. Imbrie. He weighed 300 pounds, and always took two horses when he went to Presbytery, or any great distance, and. would ride up to a house and get the inmates to assist him in changing horses. If he were not careful in getting on he would fall off on the other side. He was ordained Sept. 3, 1806, but was released from Big Beaver, April 19, 1806, which prac- tically dissolved the congregation, the members going to Bethel and Darlington. Supplies were granted at a later time, but how regularly is not known. Services were held for a time near the head of Crow's Eun ; later at Mr. Moore's, where James Brewer now lives, and some- times at the house of Mr. Sloan, where William Foster now resides, to the right of the ISTew Castle road. Eev. John France, of Butler county, preached in the neighborhood about 1820 or 1825. In process of time the preaching station grew into a congregation. His services ceased Sept. 2, 1841. NEW BRIGHTON BOEOUGH. 463 About 1830 the first house of worship was erected and is still stand- ing near the brick yard between the New Castle road and the cemetery. Th^ congregation which may be regarded as being organized at this date was called New Bethel. About 1843 or 1844 a call was given to Eev. Benjamin F. Sawyer, which he accepted, and was ordained at Darlington May 15, 1844. He was released from the congregation Oct. 6, 1858. The following are the names of some of the elders of the congre- gation : James Thompson, died July 35, 1855 ; Samuel Ramsey, died April 7, 1847; James Wallace, William McCallister and John Minis were elected in 1840; John C. Hunter, installed Oct. 9, 1847, died Dec. 14, 1847; William Nelson, ordained June 10, 1848; William Porter, ordained May 11, 1854, died Oct. 6, 1876; James McLaughlin, ordained May 11, 1854; Matthew T, Kennedy, ordained May, 1855, died Nov. 9, 1884. The second house on the hill was ei-ected in 1854, but was not com- pleted till 1859, the cost including lot being about $2,Y00. "When this house was occupied the name of the congregation was changed to New Brighton congregation. 2. The Associate Reformed Congregation. At a very early date the name " Beaver " or " Beaver Creek," appears as an appointment in the records of the Presbytery of Monongahela, but the location is un- known. The " Falls of Beaver" was a preaching station in connection with Eocky Spring as early as 1825. A tent was erected near an old elm tree at the foot of Eose's Hill in Old Brighton — now Beaver Falls — for summer use. In the winter Patterson's Woolen Mill was used for such services. The leading families were those of Thomas Eoss and Walter Buchanan, Sr. Beginning poor and with but limited help, they supplied their place of worship — the tent — with seats made of logs cut and hewed from Eoss' woods, and hauled them with ox teams to their destined places. Sept. 5, 1828, Eev. Moses Kerr was installed pastor. He died Oct. 10, 1830, and was buried at Eocky Springs. The first elders were Garvin Dunlap, John Mitchell, Walter Buchanan, Sr., James Logan and James Porter. Unable to support a pastor, they were supplied for a time by the Eevs. Brown, McCallie, Stark and Steel. About this time services were held in a school-house in New Brighton, where the Church of God now stands. In 1837 a movement to erect a church began, but it was not consummated till 1839 or 1840. After the union, it was sold and ultimately belonged to the Catholics. A few years ago it was burned. It stood on Fourth street. 464 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. Calls were declined in 1833, 1836 and 1839 by Eevs. Andrew Bower, William Connar and Thomas Mehard, respectively. April 14, 1840, Eev. Thomas H. Speer was ordained pastor of New Brighton and Kooky Springs, his residence being at the former place. He was released May 16, 1843. The connection of JSTew Brighton with Eocky Springs being dissolved, the former congregation secured Eev. John McClean, Sept. 16, 1848. He remained till April 10, 1855 — a period of great struggle. The outgrowth of these congregations was The United Presbyte- rian Congregation. There was not, as has been previously stated, any formal act of union ; but by mutual consent, after the resignation of Mr. Sawyer, the two congregations worshiped as one in the unfinished house of the Associate congregation. On the 1st of Jan. 1863, Eev. J. D. Glenn began his pastorate, but was not regularly installed till the 14th of the ensuing April. In Nov. 1867, a call was given Eev. Alexander G. Wallace, D.D., of West- moreland county. He accepted, and on the 1st of the following April began the pastoral care of the congregation, which then included the territory now embraced in the Beaver Falls congregation and part of Oakland, extending as far as Brush Creek and Eochester. July 26, 1869, the Beaver Falls congregation was organized, taking away about thirty members from New Brighton. August 19, 1870, the Oakland congregation was organized, taking away the families living in that region. The prayer meeting of the congregation dates from the pastorate of Mr. Speer. The Sunday-school began in the Associate Eeformed congregation in 1847-48, the pastor, McClean, being superintendent. His successors were — John C. Kainbow, John Sloane, McCreary, John Cuthbertson, John Keelan, A. D. Gilliland, George F. Fields, A. D. Gilliland a second time, and Stuart Magee, the present incumbent. The Ladies' Aid Society was organized in 1870; the Ladies' Missionary was begun in 1879. Dr. Wallace closed his labors May 1, 1884, after an efficient service of sixteen years. His successor is the present pastor, Eev. W. B. Barr, who took the oversight of the congregation April 8, 1885, and was regu- larly installed July 14 following, Eev. D. K. Duff preaching the sermon, and Eevs. J. S. Dice and W. A. Edie assisting in the services. The present membership is upwards of 250, and is in good condition. Methodist Episcopal Church. This congregation was organized 1837-38 by Eev. Z. H. Caston, preacher in charge, assisted by Jeremiah NEW BRIGHTON BOEOUGH. 465 Knox, Jr. Its first membership embraced representatives from New- Brighton, Fallston and Old Brighton or Beaver Falls. The New Brighton members were — ^Isaac Walker and wil'e,Thomas Gr. McCreery and wife, S. Dunlap and wife, Mary Ferguson, Sr., and Mary Ferguson, Jr., George Champion and wife, Mary A. Champion, Joseph Champion, "William Champion, Castine Champion, F. D. Hew- lett and wife, "William 0. Larimore and wife, James N. Beabout and wife, Thomas Devenny and wife, John Glass and wife, Jos. M. Alex- ander and wife, Henry Young and wife, Isabel Seppy, Mary Brian, J. "W. Thompson, "William Nichols and wife, and James Laughead and wife. The Fallston members were — Joseph McCreary and wife, John Mahon and wife, D. B. Brown and wife, Eobert Kelty and wife, Lydia Johnson, Susan Collins, Eliza James, Joseph McCreary, Jr., and John Roberts. The Old Brighton members were John Baker and wife, "William Clayton and wife, James C. Sims and wife, Joseph Clayton, Margaret Sims, "William Woods and wife, Mrs. Hanson and Mrs. Large. The first edifice was a frame structure. The building committee consisted of John Glass and Nicholas Brian (died in 1837). The erec- tion began in 1837 and was completed in 1838, at a cost of $3,700. This included the price of the lot. It was at the time the largest house owned by the Methodists in the county. It is now occupied and owned by the A. M. E. church of New Brighton. John Glass, of Allegheny, to whom the writer is indebted for the facts of this sketch, says : " When I came to New Brighton in 1836 there were but two M. E. churches on the falls of Beaver — one in Beaver and one in Sharon on the hill side. There was no place of preaching in New Brighton, but there was preaching in Fallston every two weeks, in the afternoon, at the village schoolhouse. There was a class of nine members in New Brighton which met in the office of Isaac Walker, the village justice of the peace." After the organization, Bevs. Abner Jackson (1838-39) and Ed- ward Burkett (1840-41) occupied the positions as preachers in charge. At the close of the conference year, 1841, owing to inability of the congregation to support a pastor all of his time, several stations were united and called the New Brighton circuit. This order was continued up to 1857, when it became a station again, and has maintamed the position ever since. The preachers prior to 1857 were — Joshua Mon- roe, William F. Lauck, G. D. Kinnear, D. E. Hawkins, George McCas- 4:QQ HISTOET OF BEAYEE COUNTY. key, W. Devenny, J. Dillon, "W. P. Blackburn, M. M. Eutter, James Beacom and S. Grouse. Subsequent to that date the congregation has been served by the following pastors : T. I. Higgins, A. J. Rich, W. B. Watkins, S. F. Jones, T. I. Mcllgar, J. E. Mills, J. Henderson, J. L. Deen, E. M. Wood, J. A. Sweaney, M. MoGavitt, John Conner and W. P. Turner, the present incumbent. In 1860 some difBculty arose relative to the renting of pews. Those in favor of pews, being in the minority, withdrew and organized a new society of which Eev. J. M. Kerr was for a time the pastor. Finally they disbanded, many of the members uniting with the Metho- dist Protestant congregation. The present commodious brick structure was erected in 1868 at a cost of $22,000. The membership is 500. Christ Chnrch {Einscopal) was organized in 1850, being an offspring from the old St. Peter's, of Fallston. The corner-stone of the present building, which is also the original one. was laid in 1851. In this edi- fice the first service was conducted by Eev. "W". H. Paddock, who was then missionary in charge. The rectors were, successively : Eevs. J. P. Taylor, William Ely, C. H. Van Dine, Charles Spaulding, Thomas W. Martin, John London, Frederick Thompson and T. J. Danner, the present officiating rector. The first vestrymen were — Benjamin Wild, William Wild, Edward Warner, Thomas Eeno, Walter Sorby, John King, George Jarner and John Eeno. The present officers of the church are — Wardens, G. L. Eberhardt and T. S. White; vestrymen, H. W. Wild, Joseph Mayer and E. Evans. The church property con- sists of church and rectory, valued at $13,000. In connection with the church is maintained a Sunday-school, which, like the church itself, is in a prosperous condition. The First Baptist Church was organized in 186Y, with sixteen members. The first pastor was Eev. Dr. John Winter, who was suc- ceeded by the following, named in order of their time of service : Eevs. David Williams, C. H. Johnson, T. J. Bristow, J. W. Plannett, T. J. Bristow, J. E. Strayer, and W. H. McKinney, the present pastor. The membership of the church is now eighty-six. When the Beaver Falls church was organized, about thirty letters were granted from the ISTew Brighton congregation. The church property is worth about $4,500, the building being frame, situated on Broadway. The Church of God was organized in the year 1857, through the agency of Elder Abram Eayson, with nine charter members. Its num- bers have increased to one hundred, the limit of the present member- ship. It has a vigorous Sunday-school. About 1860 a brick school- NEW BRIGHTON BOEOUGH. 467 house was bought for church purposes, at a cost of about $1,000. In 1881 the house was rebuilt at an expense of $4,000. The official board consists of the pastor, Eev. W. H. McKelveen, who has occupied the place since 1882 ; elder, John Tinsman ; deacon, Henry Armstrong, and treasurer, G. F. Grieb. The annual expenses of the congregation are $800. St. Joseph's Catholic Church. The formal existence of a Catholic congregation in New Brighton may be traced to the 14th day of April, 1863, when a number of resident members purchased of the United Presbyterians, for $500, a plain brick church erected by them about 1838. The structure was 40 by 50 feet, very simple in appearance. After the purchase, the interior of the house was renewed, and the building was dedicated on the 6th of Dec. 1863, by Bishop Domenec. This congregation was for a time connected with St. Kose's at Cannelton, and its first pastors were Revs. J. A. Shell and Basil Keating, who made monthly visits from Pittsburgh. In 1865 the first resident pastor was appointed — Eev. J. M. Mitchell. He continued his ministrations during the remainder of the year, when (February 1, 1866,) the bishop appointed Eev. J. C. Bigham to the charge as the suc- cessor of Father Mitchell. This pastorate he continues to hold with great acceptance to his own members and the community generally. Shortly after his settlement in New Brighton, Eev. Bigham purchased a pastoral residence which, including improvements, cost $3,529.15. In April, 1866, he purchased five acres of land for cemetery purposes. This tract is laid out in lots 8 by 16 feet, affording a desirable resting- place for the bodies of the departed. In April, 1870, a lot 180 feet square, with a brick residence upon it, was secured at a cost of $8,000. The parsonage was sold for $3,100 cash, which sum, added to amounts obtained from fairs, subscriptions, etc., realized $6,000 to be made as an advance payment, leaving $2,000 to be secured by mortgage on the property. On this site the new church was to be erected, the corner-stone of which was laid Nov. 12, 1871. The dimensions are 103 feet 6 inches by 53 feet 6 inches. In 1872 a temporary building called the " Wigwam " was erected within the wails of the foundation, with the vicAV of raising funds for the erection of the main building. It served its purpose. Tlie com- pleted basement was dedicated Oct. 17, 1875. The old church, thougii abandoned for a time, was finally repaired as a suitable place in which to hold fairs, festivals, etc. In it, too, was kept a church library of some 400 volumes. On the 25th of June, 1876, this structure was . 468 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. burned in the absence of the pastor, an incendiary having, at the still , hour of midnight, reduced the edifice with its valuable contents to ashes, and thrown next to insurmountable obstacles in the way of com- pleting the new house and organizing a parochial school. But the edi- fice is now finished, and is a handsome brick structure, complete in all its appointments. Wayman Chapel, A. M. E., was organized in 1869, under the pas- torate of Eev. Cornelius Asbury. The present organization is a branch of the Bridgewater A. M. E. church. In 1878 the old frame structure formerly occupied by the M. E. church was purchased, repaired at an expense of $5,000, and tlioroughly fitted for service. Among the first members of the congregation were James Bruen, Sr., Mary Leland, Amelia Jackson, Annie Bruen, John Bruen. The succession of pastors is — Revs. Cornelius Asbury, served three years ; G. C. Sampson, three 3'^ears ; T. A. Thompson, three years ; John E, Eussel, three years ; G. T. Proser, three months ; J. J. Jones, six months ; Jesse Smith, two years ; E. H. Morris, two years, and "W. H. Brown, the present shep- herd, who came in October, 1885. Nearly all of these were graduates of the Western Theological Seminary of Allegheny. The present officers of the church are — Trustees, John Bruen, Dan- iel Simons, Harry Dawson, James Bruen and James Webster ; stew- ards, James Webster, John Bruen and Harry Dawson ; stewardesses, Elizabeth Dawson, Mary Leland, Mary Simms, Lotta Bruen, Vina Steward, Annie Webb and Amelia Jackson. The church membership is fifty-six ; that of the Sunday-school, of which James Webster is superintendent, is sixty. Both are in good condition, being out of debt, and' free from aU factional strife. M-^2^ yi/'iXv/a^ of W^eatg-^J CHAPTER XYII. FALLSTON BOEOUGH. Location — Eaely Indian Teials — The First Settler — Location of THE To VV ISrS ENDS M AN tJFACTPRERS — E D tJO ATION PoSTM ASTERS — IN- CORPORATION. THE borough of Fallston is situated at the falls of Big Beaver river, about two miles from its mouth, in a region of great natural and historic interest. On the opposite or east side of the river is the beautiful and thrifty town of New Brighton, with which it is connected by an iron bridge ; but, stronger yet, by the memory of pioneer con- flicts and privations. Probably no spot in Beaver Valley was more noted for thrilling adventures with Indians, in primitive times, than the region of Fallston. Its close proximity to the " Block House " on the opposite side of the river, occupied by troops to protect the defenseless inhabitants from the skulking savage, gave it special importance. The rich growth of deep- tangled underbrush which covered its slopes and ravines afforded a lurking place for the treacherous Indian as he sought the opportunity of inflicting a fatal blow upon the pale-face whom he regarded as his undying foe, and whose peaceable occupation presaged his own expul- sion from the hunting and fishing grounds of Ms ancestors. Near the end of the present bridge there is said to have been a small pond which was fringed with a heavy growth of briers and alder bushes. Within their deep-matted branches sat these dusky hunters awaiting a favor- able opportunity to send the fatal shot to the heart of the unwary white man as he pursued the usual vocations of either military or civil life. Not without a struggle did they relinquish these cherished haunts. Near the upper limits of the town is the gulch across whose enclosing hills Captain Brady trailed the Indian in his escape from the Ohio, and over which Colonel Henry Bouquet passed in his expedition of 1764. The pen of some gifted muse will yet celebrate these scenes in appropriate verse. 471 472 HISTOBY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. It would, indfeed, be very gratifying to be able to speak with abso- lute certainty concerning the names and characteristics of the first set- tlers. They cannot be too highly honored for their heroic daring. But more or less of doubt connects with those early days. The first man to claim this wild region as his own is said to have been John MoKee, of McKeesport. The date of his land entry is not known ; but he announces himself as the first being to make any improvements. The first account of any negotations for land in this region is dated March 18, 1796. In that year he agrees with one Levi B. Stewart, of Moon township, to give the latter " a part of his plantation that lies on the west side of Big Beaver creek opposite the block-house and begin- ning at a stone on Daniel Leet's corner on Big Beaver, then running up said creek about eighty perches to a small sugar tree on said bank, then to run a west course to Daniel Hill's line, thence along said line to Daniel Leet's, and so along said line to the place of beginning. This described part of said plantation, be it more or less, is to be said Stew- art's for living and clearing on his own part what the law requires. Said Levi B. Stewart binds himself, his heirs, executors and adminis- trators to live on, or cause some family to live on, the said plantation for the full term of five years, and to make an improvement as the law directs." Jan. 26, 1798, Mr. Stewart legally assigned the rights secured under the foregoing title to Joseph Wells, by whom in turn they were transferred, Jan. 26, 1799, to -David Townsend. This was done to secure to Mr. Townsend a perfect title to some property bought by him from John McKee June 19, 1799, for the sum of $200. A short time subsequent to this date a tract of about 100 acres of this land came into possession of a company consisting of David Town- send, Benjamin Townsend and Benjamin Sharpless, who, on the 13th of December, 1802, sold about one-third of it to Evan Pugh and John Pugh, of Chester county. In the agreement between the parties, it was stipulated that ten acres of ground Avere to be cleared, and a pair of mill-stones set to work, the expense to be shared in proportion to relative interests. In 1806 the Pugh Brothers erected a flouring mill which was operated for many years. The structure was burned to ashes in 1859. About the year 1800, two years prior to the erection of the chop- ping mill by the Pughs, David Townsend had constructed a saw mill. In 1808 he built a mill for the manufacture of linseed oil, which became quite an important business, and gave merited notoriety to the valley. FALLSTON BOROUGH. 4Y3 The same year (1808) Benjamin Townsetid built a structure for manufacturing and spinning cottons. He prosecuted the business vig- orously, uniting a store with his factory. In 1814 his business passed into the hands of Tiaorniley and Armitage. Subsequently the Pughs became partners. The firm greatly increased and enlarged its busi- ness, adding the weaving of cotton checks, etc. In 1809 Septimus Sharpless, having purchased a few shares of ' water power, established the first woolen factory in the valley. He carried on his business quite extensively until 1814, when he was suc- ceeded by Abel Townsend. As an outgrowth of this industry John Douglass erected, in 1812, a building for the manufacture of carding machines. In 1823 Messrs. Marsh and Stone added another important manu- facture to those already established, viz : that of making scythes. In the following year WiUiam Blanchard also engaged in the same busi- ness, and prosecuted it with success until 1836. In 1825 a paper mill was put in operation by Messrs. "William Eichbaum and E. Clark Stockton. The place of Eichbaum was subse- quently secured by Mr. Johnston, the new firm being Johnston & Stockton. They carried on merchandizing in connection with manu- facturing. The year 1826 was signalized by the establishment of the wire and rivet mill, the projectors being Bobert Townsend, Robert Beer, Beese C. Townsend, and a Mr.Baird,of Philadelphia. The firm name was R. Townsend & Co. The business is still prosecuted under the firna name of W. P. Townsend & Co., Mr. Townsend being a son of Eobert Townsend. The "Co." part embraces two of the sons of W. P. Townsend, viz : E. P. and C. C. In 1828 John Miner, M. F. Champlin and Mr. Mathers established a bucket and tub factory, which shortly became a leading industry. In a few years Silas Merrick became a partner, when the firm was changed to Miner & Merrick. In 1832 Matthew GriUiland began a merchandizing business in the place. The same year C. C. "Wolcott, of Steubenville, Ohio, established a cotton factory. In 1836 it was changed to a factory for making jeans. It was prosperous, but has passed away. In 1832 Messrs. M. T. and S. Kennedy began the manufacture of cabinet and wheelwright ware. Subsequently they changed to the making of lead kegs. This business is still continued in a prosperous condition. The original members of the firm are deceased, but the 474: HISTORY OF BEAYEE COUNTY. new firm embraces representatives of the same name, viz : R. S. Ken- nedy, Thomas Kennedy, William Kennedy, T. L. Kennedy and George Kennedy. In 1835 Charles Lukens and L. Townsend established a sawmill which ran without interruption until 1864, when it was destroyed by fire. A new one took its place. The same year another linseed oil mill was built on the north end of the race by John Pugh & Co. After a time it was converted into a tub factory. About the same time Messrs. Miner & Co. erected on the former site of the Blanchard scythe factory an establishment for making buckets and tubs. It ^vas operated for, many years, and then discon- tinued. In the year 1837 Eichard Moreland succeeded David Townsend in the manufacture of linseed oil, which business he carried on for a period. He built at the lower end of the race a flouring mill, which was operated for several years by John Edgar, and then sold to Messrs. Sager & Co. In the line of present manufacturing industries may be mentioned the establishment of M. & S. H. Darragh, the history of which is given under the Bridge water borough; the flouring mills of S.D.Kennedy & Co.; the handle factory of S. A. Dickie & Sons, established about 1881, and the Fallston woolen mills, opened up in 1877 by Thomas Clarkson. The, impetus given in the early part of this century to manufact- uring enterprises at the falls of Big Beaver has continued ; and to-day the addition of natural gas as a means of furnishing heat and light will greatly increase the original impulse. In 1831 was established the " Fallston Academy.'' It was dedi- cated for school and religious purposes. Within its walls all relig- ious denominations were to have a free home. It met the demands of the village until it was converted into other than academy purposes. Its memories are precious to the parents of the children who still fre- quent its walls. For an account of that important means of public enlightenment the press, the reader is referred to the general chapter on the subject, and for church matters to account of New Brighton borough. THE POSTOFFICE AND POSTMASTERS. The postoflftce in Fallston (named so because it is the town at the Falls) was established June 25, 1829, when Hall Wilson was FALLSTON BOEOUOH. 475 appointed postmaster. He was succeeded by Dr. E. K. Chamberlin, June 3, 1833; Elihu T. Pugh, May_^ 8, 1840; Alfred G. McCreary Jan. 29, 1842; James Carothers, Nov. 19, 1845; Joseph McCreary, May 15, 1849 ; Andrew Jackson, Feb. 28, 1854 ; E. B. Thompson, June 10, 1854; Samuel Edgar, March 29, 1855; Eobert D. Cooper, June 15, 1857 ; Alexander G. Devenny, August 7, 1879; William Y. Taylor, June 14, 1886 ; Benjamin Franldin, Nov. 9, 1882 ; Mrs. S. J. Katara, April 15, 1886; Mrs. Katara having failed to qualify, Frederick Katara was appointed April 2, 1886. The office was discontinued June 1, 1857, but reestablished on the 15th of the same month. It was discontinued a second time Nov. 6, 1860, but subsequently renewed. INCOEPOEATION. Fallston was regulaily incorporated in 1829. At the November session of court, 1854, a petition signed by Joseph Thompson, burgess, John Jackson, G. N. Taylor, James Duncan, James Beacon, Samuel Kennedy, Albin Coats and Andrew Jackson, and approved by a num- ber of prominent citizens, was presented, asking that Fallston, in- corporated under the act of March 19, 1829, be incorporated under the act of April 3, 1851, as the borough of Fallston. The decree was granted Nov. 30, 1854. CHAPTER XVIII. ROCHESTEE BOEOUGH. Location — Eaileoad Facilities — Eaelt Names — Haeeis' Description OF Faiepokt — Inooepoeation — BasiNESS IN 1841 — Boat Building — Eaely Citizens — Manufactueing and Business Activity — Hotels — Banks — Gas Companies — Cemeteeies — Oephatts' Home — Public Schojls — BoEouGH Officials— PosTMASTEES — Chueches — ^Societies. THIS beautiful and enterprising town is healthfully located in the angle made by the confluence of Big Beaver creek and the Ohio river, being on the east of the former and north of the latter stream, some twenty-six miles below Pittsburgh. It has an excellent river front which gives shipping facilities by water superior to those of any other town in the county. It is a prominent one of a number of pros- perous towns grouped within a radius of six miles of the mouth of Big Beaver, viz: Freedom, Eochester, Phillipsburg, Beaver, Bridgewater, Sharon, Fallston, New Brighton and Beaver Falls. Within its corporate limits unite three principal railroads: the Pittsburg, Fort Wayne & Chicago, the Pittsburg & Erie, and the Cleve- land & Pittsburg, affording superior opportunities for transporting freight or passengers to all parts of the country with ease and dis- patch. Considering its location on the Ohio and Big Beaver, and its close proximity to the Pittsburg & Lake Erie Eailroad at either Bea- ver or Phillipsburg, Eochester presents facilities for ingress and egress possessed by few towns in the land. The lofty hills overlooking the beautiful and majestic Ohio, " La Belle Eiviere," affording eligible sites for residences whose inhabitants are ever free from threatening floods while they are regaled with breezes that guarantee health and long life. The first lots seem to have been laid out along the river, about 1832, by J. A. Sholes, near the present wharf. They comprised, all told, about four acres. About the same time a sawmill was erected by John M. Lukens, and ran successfully for a time. 476 EOCHESTEE BOEOUGH. 4:1^ In 1S34 the first boat, called " New Castle," began to ply from the landing at what was subsequently called Eoohester. To accommodate the trade Mr. Sholes established a warehouse on the bank in front of his residence. Prior to 1835 there were several names applied to what is now known as Rochester. East Bridgewater and Fairport are thus de- scribed by M. T. C. Gould in an article in Hazzard's " Register of Penn- sylvania " for that year: " East Bridgewater and Fairport, quite in their incipient stage, promise soon to attain a respectable rank among their neighbors. Mr. Ovid Pinney has invested some thirty thousand dol- lars in lands at the above places, and is preparing to build up a large town." "East Bridgewater," first applied to that portion directly oppo- site the present town of Bridgewater, was finally dropped, and in 1837 the term "Fairport" was applied to the entire collection of houses. In Isaac Harris' famous directory of Pittsburgh and vicinity for 1837, he gives a description of the place, saying : "It is one of the most eli- gible sites on the river. The landing is surpassed by none. In point of population it is in its infancy." He predicted that Fairport would sometime be a place of large commercial, manufacturing and forward- ing business. At that time it contained about two hundred inhabit- ants. It had two large hotels, kept respectively by James McClain and E. Jackson. William Power had a large general store on the river bank in front of the boat landing. Its business interests were repre- sented by one forwarding and commission house, one lawyer, one blacksmith, one fire-brick manufactory, one keel-boat yard, two lum- ber yards, one grocery and ten carpenters. A. M. Woodruff erected an extensive chair establishment that employed a number of hands. This new town was named Rochester by Ovid Pinney, its founder, who had laid out lots on what was kno"wn as the "Reserve Tract." Being an Eastern man, he chose to honor the city in New York from which he came. It was regularly incorporated as a borough in 1838, having at the time a population of about three hundred. In 1841 its business interests were thus represented in Harris' Busi- ness Directory : Merchants — Clarke & Co., William D. Johnson, William Alexander, James Fulton and William Waring. . . . Farmers — S. S. Reno, John Reno, Joseph Irwin, John Davidson, Hugh McClain, James Black, William Moore, Lydia Reno, John Fink, Thomas McNamara, Dsivid Trinels, Robert French, J. Kelley, W. Lagona, Mrs. J. Moore, George Hinds and Lewis Reno. . . . Physicians — F. R. Moore, A. F. Snider. . . . Justices of the Peace — Samuel Moore, Joseph Irwin. . . . Hotel Keepers —Jacob Jones, "U. S. Hotel," John Bolles, "Canal Hotel," H. Bauseman, "Fairport 478 HISTOEY OF BEAVEB COUNTY. Hotel" S;7woZ-i!e«c7j6ra— William McGowan audJohn Marshall. . . . Boat Build- «rs-James Porter, Robert French and JohnH. Whistler. . . Canal Boat Captains — Capt Woods, Thomas Campbell and John Stiles. . . . Steam-boat PiVoHs.— William Hamilton, Francis Reno, William Reno, Crate Reno, A. Fisher and Jes»e Kunny. . . Boatmev^Sohn Javens, William Powers, James Murray and J. Crane. . . Engineers and Surveyors- Ahnev P. Lacock and Atlas E. Lacock. . . Blacksmiths— 3 . Jackson R. Jackson, J. Coaster. . . Shoemakers-K. Fowler, Mr. Smith. . . . Car- penters— S.. Jackson, S. Powell, S. Keys, J, Hart, J. Umstead and Mllo Moore. . . Chair Makers— Bamuel Woodruff, J. Thompson, J. McCrum and J. B. Hill. . .Oar- deners—'W. Mclntire and Abraham Hall. . . Boarding House— 3o\ni O'Connor. . . Teamsters— 5 oh-a Wasson, John Inglis, Lawrence Marquis. . Laborers— T>. Cable, R. Jackson, J. McKeever and J. Parrish. Miscellaneous— A . Smith, tailor ; John JVI. Lukens, clerk; John Webster, locK-keeper canal; Mr. Bailey, miller; C. Gear, luniber- man;Bd. Gillespie, cooper; W. Lief, stonemason: Horatio N. Frazier, gentleman; J. B. Shurtleff, editor Beaver Patriot; Samuel Barnes, firebrick maker. It is claimed that as early as ]825 Samuel Moore, one of the primitive settlers of Bearer Valley, engaged in boat building. He constructed keel boats for use on the Lower Mississippi. Among the early citizens of Kochester and its vicinity were Eev. Francis Eeno, and his sons Lewis and William ;. Abner Lacock, George Hinds, William Porter, John Stiles, Samuel Stiles, Sylvester Dunham, John Boles, Wilson Frazer, John M. Lukens, Hamilton Clark, James A. Sholes, Frederick E. H. Speyerer, Samuel Powers and George C. Speyerer. Many of them and their descendants are still living factors -of the modern town. The population by the census of 1880 was 2,552. This number is greatly increased by the enumeration of 1887. MANUFACTUEING, ETC. Eochester is favorably situated for manufacturing purposes. (1) It is within easy reach, by rail and river, of extensive coal fields that supply abundant and cheap fuel for domestic and manufacturing pur- poses. (2) It is immediatel}' contiguous to inexhaustible supplies of natural gas, which is furnished by competing companies at rates so low as to place it within the reach of all. (3) It is on the track of the leading river and railroad lines of communication, affording an expe. ditious and reliable means of transporting its products, both crude and manufactured, to all parts of the world. (4) It is blessed with a healthful location that secures advantages of incomparable value alike to the families of capitalists and laborers. (5) School, church and society advantages are all that could be desired in those particulars. Eochester began early to avail herself of these natural advan- tages. Years ago she was fortunate in having the stimulating presence (^l^^-f-^-^J?- <^.^. EOCHKSTEK BOROUGH. 481 of a most remarkable man, Marcus T. C. Gould. By many he was considered somewhat visionary in his ideas, and probably he was ; but without personal capital, except a buoyant nature and a disposition to utilize the natural advantages which he beheld in such rich profusion about him, he was instrumental in interesting capital in the develop- ment of the various towns of the valley. With his scheme to establish at the mouth of Big Beaver river a vast city to be known as Beaver City, and embrace ten neighboring villages, not as wards, but as ■distinct corporations, was the establishment of a mammoth car building establishment under the organization known as the " Roch- ester Manufacturing Company," of which he was chairman. Though it failed to meet the expectations of its sanguine founder, it called attention to the manufacturing facilities of the region, and made possible in the future more successful ventures in other directions. Its walls still stand as a reminder of the vast plans which its founder had projected, and may yet be utihzed in a way to justify more than was •ever promised in their behalf. Rochester has achieved a deserved reputation as a place for the manufacture of glass. In 18Y2 was established the leading business interest of the town, the Rochester Tumbler Works. Five acres of the Lacock propertj' were purchased, and a company organized with the following stockholders: Jesse H. Lippincott, Henry C. Fry, Samuel Moulds, William Moulds, Samuel N. Kane, Richard Welsh, Thomas Carr, William Carr, Robert Carr and John Carr. The first officers •elected have never been changed, viz.: Henry C. Fry, pi-es.; Jesse ■ H. Lippincott, sec. and treas., and Samuel N. Kane, mangr. The shares of stock were originally $500, but have under the skill- ful management of the company greatly appreciated in value. The buildings are good and spacious, covering a large portion of the original tract purchased. The works embrace four large glass furnaces, one of which is said to be the largest in the world, its diameter being thirty- two feet, and height to the top of the slack 152 feet. The machinery is all of the most improved kind. The leading product is tumblers,, the yield being annually about half a million ■dollars' worth. These products have hitherto been shipped to all parts of the world ; but owing to the development of similar establishments in England, the sales are more thoroughly confined to the United fStates than formerly. To accomplish this vast amount of work requires the employment of from 350 to 500 hands of all ages and both sexes, necessitating a 26 482 HISTOET OF BEAVEE COUNTi'. bi-weekly payment of some $Y,000. This disbursement twice a month (and it has never failed to occur since the organization of the company) is of great importance to the business prosperity of the town. The JDinhey Works, under the management of Mr. John D. Carter, are one of the business enterprises of importance to the town. Messrs. Irwin & McLaughlin, the proprietors of the plant, leased the premises to Mr. Carter in 1885. With the use of natural gas, and four pots of spacious dimensions, he is actively engaged in manufacturing flasks, brandy bottles and prescription vials, using on an average three tons of glass daily. The Point Bottle Works, Limited, began business in 1880; but the present management succeeded in securing control only in 1882. The building proper, situated at the confluence of the Ohio and Big Beaver rivers, in close proximity to the P. Ft. W. & C. and the C. & P. rail- ways, is 75 feet square. The company has also a commodious warehouse and packing room, each 65 l^y 100 feet, and an office 20 by 25 feet. The fuel used is natural gas. The annual trade amounts to about $100,000. The products — vials, whisky flasks, beer bottles, fruit jars — have an ext*ensive sale. The president of the company, P. McLaughlin, is an active business citizen of Rochester. In April, 1883, was organized the Love Manufacturing Compamy. Its purpose was to produce the " Love Sewing and Button-hole Machine." The building used, situated on a plat of ground extending from the Pittsburg,^ Fort Wayne & Chicago Eailway to the Ohio river, is a brick structure, two stories in height ; the main part being 50 by 180 feet, to which is attached an " L," 50 by 150 feet. The engine-room, contain- ing an engine of eighty horse-power, is 50 feet square. This company, employing a large number of hands constantly, and producing a machine that needs only age to give it a reputation with the standard products of that class in the countr\^, is one of the valuable agencies in the growth of the town. The Olive Stove WooTcs, Limited, began in 18Y2, under the guidance of the Herrington Brothers. In 1879 the ownership changed, and a company consisting of John Conway, president, J. R. Eakin, secretary and treasurer, and S. G. Woods, superintendent, took possession. The main building is a substantial brick structure, consisting of two stories and a basement, and measuring 48 by 100 feet. It is used for fitting, storage and offices. The molding-room is 65 by 100 feet, and the engine-house and cleaning-room 22 by 60 feet. The products embrace cooking and heating stoves of different kinds ROCHESTER BOROUGH. 483 and ranges. The " Boom," the " Improved Bonanza," the " Olive" and the "Bonanza" are cooking-stoves to which they have deservedly given a wide reputation. Two varieties of ranges, " Olive A" and " Olive B," fashioned from patterns made by A. S. Vedder & Co., of Troy, IST. Y., have given them notoriety in supplying that useful outfit for the large kitchen. This industry gives lucrative employment for some thirty operatives, and sends its wares wherever good goods are properly appreciated. The firm known as Iff Knight c& Son embraces two partners, J. and W. J. McKnight. It occupies a site near the river bank, at the junction of New York and Water streets. The building is 80 by 100 feet, including a spacious casting hall, in which they can reduce and run five tons at a melting. They produce several varieties of cooking-stoves, embracing the "Improved Howard," "Servant A," "Servant B" or " Plain Servant," and the " Star." Employing no traveling salesmen, they yet send their wares extensively through various parts of Penn- sylvania and Ohio. The Keystone Planing Mill and Box Factory began in 1869, when "William Miller was associated with Messrs. Dobson and Trax. In 18T5 the two gentlemen last named retired from the firm, leaving Mr. Miller sole proprietor, which position he held until 1883, when he took his two sons, John A. and George W., into partnership. The firm name of WiUiam Miller & Sons has been employed since that date. The build- ings occupied have been erected at various times, as necessity demanded, At present they practically cover a lot 110 by 150 feet. In addition, a yard capacity of 200 by 300 feet meets the demands of business. The manufactured goods consist of sash, doors, flooring, blinds, frames, moldings and boxes. Lumber, dressed and undressed, is car- ried in vast quantities. The firm carry on building on contract, and ship extensively to adjoining towns and country. L. H. Oatman^s Lumher-yUTcL and Sash Factory is an old and impor- tant industry of the place. For about thirty years the proprietor, L. H. Oatman, has conducted his business. He began in 1858 with an eighteen horse-power engine, which enabled him to cut about 400,000 feet of lumber annually. His business grew steadily, so that in 1868 the humble shed in which he began was supplanted by the present fine structure, three stories high, and measuring 50 by 120 feet. The greater portion of his raw material comes from the AUeghenieS. He possesses exten. sive facilities for cutting timber, and preparing all kinds of sash, doors, blinds, and dressed or undressed lumber. 4:84 HISTORY OF BEAVEK CODNTr. The Rochester Plcmimg Mill was established in 1870, and has been steadily growing ever since. The present ownership— J. Wood- ruff and his son, G. E. Woodruff,— dates back to 1877. The factory, situated near the depot, is a three-story structure, 40 by 100 feet. It is well supplied with modern machinery, and run by a thirty horse- power Engine fed by natural gas. The products of the mill, dressed lum- ber, doors, sash, blinds, etc., are eagerly sought by an appreciative public. The American Fire-Brick Works were established by the late Samuel Barnes, in 1840, and they have grown in size and importance ever since. The ground occupied by these works includes six and one-half acres. On this tract are the various buildings as follows : Mill-house, 40 by 100 feet ; dry house, 90 by 100 feet ; five kilns with a daily capacity of 18,000 to 20,000 brick ; pattern shop, 20 by 30, and . an office 18 by 35 feet. The ponderous machinery employed is moved by an engine of seventy-five horse-power. The material used in burn- ing furnace and mill-brick is obtained from the Allegheny mountains. The products of the works, fire-brick for puddling and heating furnaces, blast furnaces, hearths and boshes, constitute their specialties. These are shipped to all parts of the United States. The present organization of the company controlling these works, since 1884, is as follows: Joseph Bentley, president; James Douglas, fore- man; and A. Whisler, bookkeeper and secretary. In 1867 George Agner secured an acre of ground near- the pres- ent tumbler works, and opened a brick yard, at first with capacity for producing only 400,000 brick per year ; in a few years this limit was doubled. In 1880 he secured four acres additional ground, and now produces annually about 2,000,000 brick. Across from the Eochester depot stands a fine four-story , brick structure known as the Rochester Flour Mills, the firm name being Karcher & Co. It the only mill of the kind in town, and possesses the capacity of producing one hundred barrels daily. Its machinery is moved by a sixty-five horse-power engine which is fed with gas. G. H. Karcher supervises the office and finances, Captain J. K. Campbell, the seUing and shipping, while M. Tinstman, chief miller, attends to the manufacturing processes. The cooperative idea is put to the practical test by the Riverside Carriage Works. Its object is to supply the trade with an excellent quality of vehicles. The wood department is managed by B. F. Mc- Caugue ; the smith work by N. S. Otto ; trimming by Frank Feyler, and painting by J. Sheidemantel. The works are near the depot. EOCHESTEE BOROUGH. 485 Other industries are well represented: Dry goods stores, drug stores, hardware stores, grocery stores, millinery establishments, furniture dealers, stove and tinware dealers, livery stables, boot and shoe stores, marble works, meat markets, merchant tailors, liquor stores, real estate agencies, etc., etc. — these are all represented in Eochester. To describe them in detail would be to make a simple directory, which is not our purpose. HOTELS. The town is amply supplied with the modern traveler's home — the hotel. The Doncaster House, a frame structure 60 by 100 feet and four stories high, was erected in 18T2. It has thirty-seven sleeping rooms, two pubhc and one private parlor, a commodious dining room, an office and a spacious sample room. It was built by Richard Don- caster, and at his death became the property of his two daughters, the present proprietors. Its manager is J. Newton Dowell. The St. James Hotel is situated near the boat landing, and has a pleasant view of the Ohio river. It is a brick structure, three stories in height, 60 by 60 feet, and was built more than forty years ago. C. H. Clark has been its manager since 18Y5. The Pamilion Hotel is located on Water sti-eet. Its manager, Michael Camp, has had charge of it since 1862. Prior to that time, from 1851, he had had control of the old "Eochester House." BANKS. The oldest of the present banking institutions of Eochester is the house of John Conway dt Co. It was established in 187'1. It does a general banking business; receives deposits, grants discounts, makes collections and issues drafts on New York and Pittsburgh. Its build- ing is a pleasant one, 18 by 60 feet in size, and well adapted to the purpose. Beaver County Banking and Safe Deposit Association. Such is the name of an institution established in 1873 and located on New York street. Its officers are — L. H. Oatman, pres.; H. J. Spey- erer, cash.; James G. Mitchell, teller ; directors : L. H. Oatman, G. C. Speyerer, Daniel Brenner, A. W. McCoy, A. J. Mink, H. J. Speyerer and James G. Mitchell. It does a general banking business, and makes collections. The First National Bank was incorporated in June, 1883, with a capital stock of $50,000, which may at the pleasure of the stock- holders be increased to $200,000. It does a general business. The 486 HISTOEY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. officers are— president, Henry C. Fry ; cashier, W. S. Shallenberger. Its directors, embracing the president and cashier, are : Jesse H. Lip- pincott, I. F, Mansfield, A. C. Hurst, John M. Buchanan and John J. Hoffman. GAS COMPANIES. Eochester has recourse to two companies for heating and illumin- ating purposes. The first, the Bridgewdter Gas Company, was organ- ized in May, 1884. By November of that year pipes had been laid from its source of supply, the " Henry Zimmerly well," near New Shef- field, to Eochester and adjoining towns, a distance of some seven miles. This supply gave a new impetus to business in this region, being a much cheaper and more desirable fuel than bituminous coal. The company is thus officered: President, Judge Henry Hice, of Beaver; vice-president, F. Fisher, of Pittsburgh; treasurer, A. W. Mellon, of Pittsburgh ; secretary, H. Buchanan, of Pittsburgh ; superintendent, Thomas F. Galey, of Eochester. On the 17th of May, 188T, was incorporated, with a view to still further reduce rates of fuel and light, the Rochester Heat and Light Company. Its board of incorporators embraced Perry Brown, John Conway, J. H. Cunningham, W. P. McConnell, Hartford P. Brown, Henry M. Camp and A. W. McCoy. From these the following officers were chosen : President, W. P. McConnell ; secretary, Hartford P. Brown ; treasurer, John Conway ; superintendent, H. M. Camp. The vigorous competition between these companies secures cheap and abundant fuel to the community. CEMETEEIES. The town has two " Cities of the dead," Lacock's and Irwin's cemeteries. The latter is being used more than the other at present. orphans' home. The Eochester Orphans' Home originated about 1851 in the city of Pittsburgh, Dr. W. A. Passavant being the chief patron. When parents died from cholera or any other contagious disease, their children were deprived of both home and attention. This necessity prompted the Doctor to establish a home for such as were thus desti- tute. In particular, these children came from Chicago and other places. In 1861 the institution thus begun in Pittsburgh was removed to Eochester, and permanently located on a beautiful hillside tract of EOCHESTBE BOROUGH. 487 seventy-five acres donated for that purpose. It was first intended to be a widows' home ; but at the suggestion of Dr. Passavant, it was changed to an orphans' home. It is intended exclusively for girls ; the boys of the church (Lutheran) being accommodated at a similar institution in Zelienople, Butler county. The first building was erected in 1863, and the others in 1864, the frame having been standing when the home was founded. It has no endowment, but is supported by voluntary contributions. The home opened in 1861 with eighteen children; the present number is thirty-four, their ages varying from one to eighteen years. It is regularly incorporated under the laws of the state. Its board of management consists of Eev. W. A. Passavant, president and superin- tendent; Eevs. S. A. Waters and W. A. Ehode, directors; Miss Ehza- beth Hupperts, matron. Miss Hupperts came from Germany in 1849, to take charge of the institution in Pittsburgh, whence she came to Rochester. PUBLIC SCHOOLS About forty years ago the citizens of Eochester borough built, partly by subscription and partly by taxation, a small two-story frame building for the purpose of holding religious services by all denomina- tions, there being at that time no church edifices in the borough; also a one-story building for a public school. Such were -the only school facilities until 1861, when, proving insufficient, the school board built one-half of the present brick school-house in Ward iSTo. 1. In a few years tliey had to double the capacity by building four additional rooms. In 1884, the borough being divided into two wards, a fine two- story brick school-house was built, with four rooms. The enroUrnent of pupils at present (1887) is between six and seven hundred. BOROUGH OFFICIALS. The following were the borough oiEcials for 1886: Town Council — E. A. Purvis, president; G. F. Lukens, Aug. Heller, Sam'l Kane, H. C. Fry, N. F. Hurst; H. M. Levis, clerk. Board of Trade. Directors: Aaron Wilson, C. W. Schropp, John J. Hoffman, John A. Miller, A. W. McCoy, W. M. Evans, H. J. Spey- erer, B. F. Ellis, Fred Marquart. Officers— Aaron Wilson, president; John Linnenbrink, treasurer; John A. Miller, vice-president; A. W. McCoy, secretary. Members— W. H. Black, W. M. Evans, W. A. Smith, John J. Hoffman, John Sharp, Lewis Schneider, John W. 488 HISTOEY OF BE AVER COtTNTY. Calder, James P. Workman, Aaron Wilson, Thomas F. Wilson, T. H. Hodson, B. F. Ellis, A. Heller, C. W. Schropp , John A. Miller, Fred Marquart, A. Hartzell, H. J. Speyerer, G. C. Speyerer, John Linnen- brink, A. W. McCoy, J. Woodruff, A. M. Johnson, Kirk & Ewing, J. W. Hawkins, H. P. Brown, W. H. Hurst, ¥. F. Hurst, A. Huth, G. Bentel, J. A. Adams, J. W. Dilly, S. R. Lloyd, J. F. Smith. POSTMASTERS. The following is a complete list of the postmasters of the borough " from the establishment of the office to the present day, together with the dates of appointment: Eollin G. Parks, Oct. 1, 1849; Eobert Smith, Feb. 25, 1852; Chester W. Bloss, June 3, 1853; John S. Shepler, July 31, 1861; Thomas M. Taylor, March 19, 1862; re-appointed Dec. 11, 1872; Williamson Graham, Dec. 22, 1876; re-appointed Jan. 20, 1879, and Jan. 29, 1883; William H. Black, Feb. 28, 1887. CHUBOHES. The town of Rochester has always had a sufficient number of churches to meet the demands of the various classes of citizens. The following records will prove interesting and proiitable to all readers of this volume : Grace EvaTigelical Lutheran Church. This organization began under the labors of Eev. W. A. Passavant, D.D., in \he year of grace 1854. Its initial point was in the " Old Plow Factory." In the list of its charter members were — Mrs. G. C. Speyerer, Mrs. Mary Beener, Paul Pleberling and wife, Mrs. Bean, Mrs. Rhodes and probably some others whose names cannot be recalled. It will be noticed that the sex of mother Eve was largely represented in the organization of this new congregation. It has used four different places of worship. As already intimated its first meetings were held in the " Old Plow Factory." Subsequently use was made of the school building of the town for that purpose. This answered sufficiently till the building known as the " Gravel Church " was obtained. The corner-stone of this structure was laid on the 3d of July, 1855. The building was destroyed by fire on the 21st of December, 1883. The present commodious edifice, the fourth place of worship used by the congregation, cost some |6,000. Its corner- stone was laid June 28, 1885, and the structure was formally dedicated April 26, 1886. Its list of pastors has embraced the following : W. A. Passavant, D.D., for a period of ten years; J. P. Hentz, a few months; H. Reck, ■mix ' "t "s fal (fU> [is EOCHESTEE BOEOUGII. 4:91 SIX years; 11. W. Eoth, D.D., eight years; C. II. Hemsoth, five and one-half years; and J. W. Myers, the present incumbent. The church has been suppUed at various times by H. E. Jacobs, D.D.; L. Happe, E. E. Zimmerman, A. Eamsey, Proii D. McKee, Prof. Whitaker and A. N. Bartholomew. It has a membership of 140, and is enjoying a prosperous growth. Trinity EpisGopal Church of Eochester was organized in May, 1851, by Eev. W. 11. Paddock, missionary of Western Peunsylvania. In its list of charter members were the following : John Eeno, J. S. ' Clark, William Hurst, William B. Owen, Captain Daniel Stone, Francis Eeno, Captain John M. Cook and D. W. C. Bid well. The church edifice was erected the same year under the direction of Eev. Joseph P. Taylor, the first rector. He was then in charge of the congregations at New Brighton and Eochester, as well .as of the Kenwood school. . .The lot on which the house stands was donated by Marcus T. C. Gould, then acting as agent for the New York Land Company — he having shown similar generosity to other congregations in the town. The first rector was Eev. J. P. Taylor. He was succeeded by Eevs Charles Spaulding, William Ballard, John K. Karcher, Thomas Martin, John London, J. A. Farrar and Thomas J. Banner, the present incumbent. The present official board embraces — vestrymen: J. Adams, B. F Scott, Charles Hurst and Joseph Miller; wardens : J. E. Pen- dleton and Samuel Moulds. The church edifice and the rectory, con" sisting of eight rooms, are valued at $7,000. Evangelical Association of Rochester. This congregation (German) has a very neat and tasteful church in the center of the borough. It was organized in 1857 by Eev. Jacob Eank, then serving as an itiner- ant preaciier of the Evangehcal Association for the Harmony circuit. He preached occasionally in the public school building, then the onlj' place of worship accessible to the German population of the borough. Among the original members of the church may be mentioned the following : George Frisch, elected class leader ; John Zinkhan, chosen exhorter; Peter Metz and family; Henry Webber and family; Wiihelm Klingelhofer and family; Peter Phillips, Jacob Horst, Johan Hill berg and Conrad Metz. For some time the congregation worshiped in the school-house, and finally bought and repaired it for their meeting-house. It still stands and serves as a parsonage and sexton's home. The present neat struct- ure was erected in 1879 at a cost of $3,000. The congregation was 492 HISTOEY OF BEAVER COUNTY. incorporated in 1880 as Zion's Church of Eochester, the trustees being Messrs. C. Euth, Ch. Schmidt, F. AValter, M. Hertzler and Gust. Schwarz. The following is the list of pastors from the first to the present : Jacob Eank, 1857; George Bender, 1858; M. Zirkel, John Pfeifer, 1859; Jacob Eank, 1860; Jacob Honecker, 1862; W. Schmitt, 1864; George Focht, 1865; S. Werner, 1866; B. L. Miller, 1868; M. Zirkel, 1870; J. Yogel, 1871; H. W. Hampe, 1872; W. Schmitt, 1873; K Yoder, 1874; C. N. Hartung, 1875; L. Scheuerman, 1876; Th. Suhr, * 1878; Geo. Gotz, 1880; C. A. Walz, 1883; H. Wiegand, 1885; George Ott,1887. I^irst Baptist Church.*' On the evening of the 3d of October, 1873, the following named members of Baptist churches met at the house of "W. S. Shailenberger, in the borough of Eochester, for prayer and consultation in reference to their duties as professed witnesses for Christ in this community, viz.: Henry C. Fry, David Eobinson, Eow- land Lloyd, A. T. Shallenberger, E. M. Power, W. S. Shallenberger, Mrs. Jane Evans, Mrs. Susan Power, Mrs. Eliza A. Eobinson and Mrs. Jane Ash Worth. After a free interchange of views it was resolved to hold weekly prayer-meetings from house to house, and the first appoint- ment was made for Friday evening, Oct. 10th, at the same place, at which time it was resolved to receive weekly the voluntary offer- ings of those present to be held as a fund for future use in furtherance of a church organization. Meetings continued weekly, with increasiiig interest. A Bible school was soon felt to be a necessity, and the first session was held Sunday morning Nov. 9, 1873, in Conway's hall, some fifteen, old and young, present. Having faiih to attempt greater things than such a room, small and inconvenient of access, would wan-ant, the brothers secured the town hall, and the school was organized there Nov. 16th, with Henry C. Fry, superintendent, and W. S. Shallenberger, teacher of the one general Bible class, numbering some twenty in all. The school increased rapidly in numbers, and, in connection with a deepening interest in the weekly prayer meetings, encouraged the brothers and sisters to call a meeting for Feb. 1, 1874, in the town hall, for the pur- pose of taking preliminary steps looking to a church organization. The meeting so called, duly convened, was represented by ten brothers and seventeen sisters, and organized by electing Henry C. Fry moderator, W. S. Shallenberger, clerk, when the following resolu- tion was offered : " liesolved, That guided, as we trust, b y the teach- * Contributed by a member of the congregation. EOCHESTEE BOEOUGH. 493 ings of God's word, we deem it our privilege and duty to associate ourselves together in a church organization to be known as the First Baptist Church of Rochester, Penn.^'' which was unanimously agreed to, and Thursday, Feb. 19, 1874-, at two o'clock p. m., in town hall, was the time and place appointed for convening a council of i-ecognition. February 19, 1874, a council composed of the pastors and other delegates of various Baptist churches met in the town hall. E.oches*'er. The meeting was called to order by the clerk of the organization! On motion. Rev. J. W. Plannett, pastor of the church of Sharpsburgh, was chosen moderator, and W. S. Shallenberger, clerk. Upon a call of delegates, the following persons responded : From Fourth Avenue Baptist church, Pittsburgh, the pastor, Eev. E.. W. Pearson, D. D., and Brothers F. T. Luck and Gen. F. H. Lane; Sandusky Street church, Allegheny, Rev. M. B. Sloane (the pastor. Rev. B. F. Woodburn, being absent); Nixon Street church, Alleghenj'^, the pastor, Rev. J. S. Hutson, and Brothers W. B. Getcher and F. J. Ribbeck; Pennsylvania Avenue church, Pittsburgh, the pastor, -pro tern.. Rev. J. Winter, D. D., and Brothers B. L. Fahnestock and Frank Van Goi'der; the church at Sharpsburgh, the pastor. Rev. J. W. Plannett, and Brothers Benjamin Crosother and Jonathan Garrard; the church at Mt. Pleasant, the pas- tor. Rev. Leroy Stephens, and Brother H. M. Shallenberger; the church at New Brighton, the pastor, Rev. C. H. Johnson, and Brothers "Wm. Thomas and Daniel Daniels; the church at Yanport, tlie pastor. Rev. John Davis; and Brother Gray, also present by invitation, Rev. William Entwistle. The following were recognized and organized as " The First Bap- tist Church of Rochester, Pennsylvania: " Henry C. Fry, Mrs. Eunice Fry, George W. Fry, Edward M. Power, Thomas Mathews, Mrs. Jane Evans, Mrs. Amanda Donaldson, Mrs. Josephine Shallenberger, William S. Shallenberger, Aaron T. Shallenberger, Mrs. Susan Power, Mrs. Matilda Porter, Mrs. Jane Ash- worth, Miss Jennie Ashworth, Mrs. Annie Shepler, David Robinson, Mrs. Eliza A. Robinson, Rowland Lloyd, Mrs. Martha Lloyd, Jacob Fisher, Mrs. Sophia Fisher, Mrs. Mary J. Anderson, D. B. Salade, Mrs. D. B. Salade, Mrs. Mary A. Lloyd, Miss Nettie Lloyd, Mrs. Maria J. Scheiburn. Thus from the earnest and prayerful efforts of twenty-seven brothers and sisters the Sunday-school ha,s grown to an attendance of 160 teachers and scholars, and the church has received into fellowship fully 300 communicants. June 10, 1874, the church was received into 494 HISTOEY OF BEAVER COUNTY. fellowship of the Pittsburgh Baptist Association. Oct. 28, 1874, Kev. J A. Snodgrass was called as the first pastor of the church, and con- tinued his pastorate until Sept. 30, 1877, when he resigned from the charge. The members of the church having procured a lot and erected a neat frame church, ata cost of about $9,000, it was dedicated on the 11th day of Feb , 1875. From the resignation of Rev. Snodgrass to Jan. 23, 1878, service was continued statedly by supply, when Eev. A. J. Bonsell was called as pastor, and still serves as such, the church having called but the two pastors in all these years. Methodist Episco:pal Church* A desire having been expressed in Rochester for the organization of a Methodist church, at a session of the Pittsburgh conference, held at Massillon, Ohio, in March, 1867, Rev. Louis Paine, a young minister of some three years' experience in the ministry, was appointed to the charge. At a meeting held in the town hall (the basement of the public school building) seventy-five per- sons, most of whom had been connected with the Bridgewater M. E. church, were recognized as constituting the membership of the new organization. Eleven others were soon after received, making the original membership eighty-six. The services of the church continued to be held in the town hall for two years and a half, until the lecture room of the church building was ready for occupancy. Early in October of the first year (1867), a revival developed in connection with the regular services, and on the first evening of a series of prayer meetings, which were conducted by the pastor, six seekers of salvation came forward to the mourners' bench, and in the four weeks about 200 professed conversion. The work of revival was so deep and widespread that among this number were eighty heads of famihes, twenty-five of whom were from forty to sixty years of age. The rest were largely young men and young women. In January, 1869, another revival occurred in which about 100 were converted, and in January, 1870, some twenty-five more professed conversion. Some were added to the church from time to time by certificates also. During the three years of Rev. Paine's pastorate 355 persons were enrolled on the church records as members. During all this time but four deaths occurred in the membership. The pastor baptized 114 persons in this time. During the year 1867, a board of trustees was elected, and the lot purchased, at a cost of $900, where the church now stands. These trustees were Lewis Reno, John Kettlewood, Frank Marratta and J. J. Anderson. During this first year the pastor secured sub- * Contributed by Rev. Louis Paine. EOCHESTEE BOEOUGH. 495 scriptions toward a church building amounting to about $10,000. During the summer of 1868, the foundations of the church were laid and the brick burned on the ground, made from clay taken out of the cellar. In 1869, the church building was erected and completed, except the finishing of the auditorium and the construction of the spire, at a cost to that point of completion of some $11,000. The lec- ture room was opened for use and dedicated December 19th of this year. Kevs. S. H. Nesbit and A. B. Leonard assisted the pastor at the dedicatory services. Tlie building committee consisted of S. J. Cross, president; William Carey, secretary; and Lewis Eeno, John Sharp and Charles French. The trustees when the church was built were Matthew Murray, Robert Wasson, A. L. Eeno, "William Carey and John Mor- ton; to which were added during the progress of the building, Lewis Reno, Thomas Muse, A. C. Silver and Robert Ramsey. The first board of leaders were Lewis Reno, John Morton, Fergus Foster, Matthew Murray and George Harris, to which were added as the membership increased Robert Wasson, Mrs. Mary E. Paine, Charles Watson, Henry Stevens and Robert French. The first board of stew- ards were A. L. Reno, John Kettlewood. William Bast, Robert Was- son, J. J. Anderson, William Carey and Matthew Murray. The first Sunday-scliool superintendent, alter the organization of the church, was James Reeder. The succeeding superintendents were Rev. Paine, A. C. Silver and W. W. Mair. Rev. Paine's pastorate ended by limitation in March, 1870. His successors have been — Rev. John Grant, 1870-71; W. W. Darby, 1871-^72; T. S. Hodgson, 1872-75; D. L. Dempsey, 1875-77; T. S. Mitch'ell, 1877-78; Wm. Cox, 1878-81; D. L. Dempsey, 1881-84; J. B. Risk, 1884-87. Mr. Risk is the pastor at the present time, Sept.; 1887. The membership numbers 375. The Sunday-school, which had an existence in the town hall prior to the organization of the church, has an enroll- ment of 300. Its superintendent is A. Whisler; assistant superintend- ent, J. R. ISTiMo. St. PauVs Evangelical Lutheran Church {Oerman). This congrega- tion was established in 1867 or 1868, its charter members consisting of G. Bauer, H. Hoehl, M. Kauysf, W. Buchling, J. Groth, J. Strack, Jacob Weber, W. Gebhard, M. Weber, C. Weisgerber, H. Eckel, J. Dressier, J. Erb, Ph. Wartz, J. Odensas, Ch. Spaerhas and others. The brick church in which the congregation worships was erected on the corner of Adams and Connecticut streets in 1868, at a cost of $3,(i00. In 1886 the house was repaired at considerable expense. In 1883 a parsonage was bailt at a cost of $1,700. 496 ' HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. In 1880 the congregation celebrated the 300th anniversary of the Formula of Concord of the Augsburg Confession; and in 1883 the 400th anniversary of Luther's birth, addresses being delivered on the occasion by Eevs. F. L. Dietrich iand Prof. H. W. Eoth, D.D. It has been served by pastors as follows : Eevs. Prof. E. F. Giese, D.D,, Hoeflinger, Stejnbach; these served in the early period of the organization. Eev. P. Born from 18Y0 to 1876; Eev. F. C. E. Lemcke, since 1876, being the present incumbent. Under the administration of the present pastor the congregation has had a constant growth. From 1876 to 1877 he reports the following: Eeceived bj^ baptism, infant and adult, 169; by confirmation, 87; by letter (still in full member- ship), 35; couples married, 56; burials, 52. The membership is 150. Sunday-school enrolls 140. J^irst Presbyterian Church. This congregation w^as organized the 14th of April, 1874, by a committee of the Presbytery of Allegheny, consisting of Eev. E. E. Swift, D.D., Eev. James Allison, D.D., and Eev. James M. Shields. Its members at the time numbered forty. James H. Kinzie and Dr. D. S. Marquis were chosen the first ruling elders. The first pastor of the congregation was Eev. E. P. Lewis, who served faithfully from 1875 to 1878. He was succeeded by Eev. E. B. Porter, who held pastoral relation from 1879 to 1881. In 1883 the last and present pastor, Eev. W. Gr. Stewart, was called. During the summer of 1887 he had the misfortune to be bereft of his beloved companion. The house is a comfortable and commodious brick struct- ure, which was erected at a cost of several thousand dollars. The Catholic Church of Eochester was organized, according to the best information received, about 1854, to meet the demand of laboring classes who were identified with that denomination, and who found it inconvenient to attend the regular services of the Beaver church, the parent organization of the community. Fatlier Eeed was the first priest, so says our informant. The church edifice is a modest little frame structure, erected about the time of the organization. Near it is the neat home of the resident pastor. The membership embraces many of the substantial and worthy citizens of the community. Y. M. c. A. The Young Mens' Christian Association of Eochester was organ- ized May 11, 1886, by a dozen young men, aided by several pastors of churches. Its organization was largely due to the personal efforts of ROCHESTEE BOECJUGII. 49Y B. C. McGrew, then recently enlisted in similar organizations else- Avhere. The original officers were — president, B. C. McGrew; first vice- president, W. S. Shallenberger; second vice-president, "William Ruth; secretary, James H. Ewing; treasurer, J. Frank Pendleton. The membership in Sept., 1887, was 67. Free reading room, open every weekday evening from 7 to 10 o'clock, carpeted and comfortably furnished, with tables well supplied with secular and religious papers, magazines, etc., is maintained by fees of members, one dollar per year, and by voluntary contributions. A regular service, more especially for Bible study, is held every Sunday afternoon at four o'clock. Open-air meetings, at times through the summer, are held at various places within easy reach. The list of officers has been increased to seven by adding a third vice-president and an assistant secretary, these all constituting an executive committee which meets regularly the first Monday evening of every month. No library has yet been attempted. The expenses are light, and promptly met; condition healthy, and prospects encour- aging. SOCIETIES. The secret orders of the countrv have found an inviting field in llochester, as will be attested b'y the reports accompanying this announcement. Rochester Lodge, No. 229, F. cji" A. M., was instituted by warrant from the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania in 1848, with Ovid Pinney, Martin Fisher, Joshua Logan, J. St. Clair Hussey, James A. Sholes, S. B. French and Irwin Woodruff as charter members. It first met in a wagon-shop in Bridgewater. In 1850 it removed to the second story of the building now occupied as a banking house by John Con- way & Co., in Rochester, and continued there until 1871. At that time a removal was made to the second story of S. A. Reno's building, corner of Madison and Brighton streets, which place was occupied until 1885, when the lodge took possession of its own beautiful and commo- dious building fronting on the public square. Rochester lodge was the first Masonic lodge in the county*, and *The foregoing was written from data kindly furnished by John Conway, of Rochester. General T. J. Power informed the writer that when he was a boy, probably about 1813, he beheld Masonic ceremonies in the house of his father. General Samuel Power. He was too young to comprehend the import of what he saw, but remembers the fact which occurred in the town of Beaver Of those Masonic days no records have been preserved. — R.] 498 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. from its members have been drawn the charter members of all the other six lodges. It has a membership at present of 158. During its exist- ence of thirtj'-nine years it has had thirteen masters. In 1870 Ovid Finney, then of Minnesota, donated the lot of ground on which their present temple stands. In 1884 Louis Taylor, not a member of the fraternity, gave the lodge the handsome sum of $10,- 000. With this as a basis, some of the members formed a company and erected the present Masonic building, at a total cost of $20,000. The building is 50 by 150 feet, constructed of the best quality of brick. The first and second stories are arranged for dwelling purposes, and the third for the use of the fraternity. The building is one of the handsomest in Western Pennsylvania, being well adapted, in all its parts, for the purposes for which it was •designed. It presents an imposing and favorable view to the beholder, and proclaims, in eloquent language, the great liberality of the men whose generous means secured its erection. It is wholly free from debt. Its members cherish, with increasing gratitude, the name ■of the generous benefactor. Rochester Lodge, No. 786, I. 0. 0. F., was organized Jan. 24, 18S0. This charter w£s issued in lieu of one granted Nov. 22, 1871, but subsequently surrendered. The names of the charter mem- bers are — S. M. Kane, Frank Fobinson, William H. Anderson, Will- iam Hi;. Fair and James Hill. The first officers stood as follows: S. M. Kane, JST. G.; Frank Eobinson, V. G.; William H. Anderson, secy.; William H. Fair, asst. secy.; James Hill, treas. Since that time Frank Eobinson, William II. Fair, Samuel E rown, John Purvis, A. Ease, Z. T. Eingiron. A. 0. Erobeck, John A. Spratley, Charles F. Scott, Will- iam Waite, James E. Olcott, William T. McEoberts, John W. Ewing, John E. Cook and Ed ward Huglres have occupied the chair of noble grand; and William H. Anderson and Charles Olmstead the chair of secretary, the latter having served continuously from the summer of 1881 to the present time. He has kindly furnished the material for this report. The present corps of officers embraces — Edward Hughes, K G.; J. Mead Patterson, V. G.; Charles Olmstead, sec; William C. Erother- ton, asst. sec; A. B. Miller, treas. The number of members is 130. The general condition of the lodge is good, it being possessed of assets to the amount of $5,000. It owns a fair amount of stock in the Eochester opera housfe, usually known as the EocheStdr Improvement Company. ROCHESTER BOROUGH. 501 Junior O. U. A. M. This organization proclaims to the world the following objects : First— To maintain and promote the interests of Americans, and shield tliem from the depressing effects of foreign competition. Second — To assist Americans in obtaining employment. Third^To encourage Americans in business. Fourth — To establish a sick and funeral fund. Fifth — To maintain the public-school system of the United States of America, and to prevent sectarian interference therewith, and uphold the reading of the Holy Bible therein. The objects of this order shall not be altered unless proposed in writing at a previ- ous stated meeting, and a copy of the said alteration shall be transmitted to each member of thi? body, and, if adopted, the alteration shall be submitted to the members of the order for a vote thereon, and if approved by a majority, the alteration shall become part of this constitution. It has in the borough two councils, as follows : Oarfield Council, A'o. II4, organized Dec. 31, 1881, by special Dep. Frank T. Rossiter, of Smoky City Council No. 119, Pittsburgh, Pa. First officers: Councilor, John S. Varner; vice-councilor, Joseph Brobeck; rec. sec, W. B. Edelblute; asst. rec. sec., L. P. Weioman; fin. sec, Joseph I. Reno; treas., Frank Hays; con., H. L. Morgan; warden, Jas. Varner; I. S., David Aldridge; O. S., Wm. W. Hastings; trustees, H. L. Morgan, Al. French, C. H. Lindner Place of meeting. Odd Fellows' Hall. Rochester Council, No. IJfi, organized Saturday evening, November 27, 1886, by State Vice-Coun- cilor Harry A. Keil, of Bainbridge Council No. 128, Pitlsburgh, Pa. First officers: Councilor, J. F. Bixby; vice councilor, James M. Hazen; rec. sec.,W.T. McRoberts; asst. rec. sec, S. M. Hervey; fin. sec, W. A. Ilartzell; treas., W. H. E. Spratley; cond., W. W. Hastings; warden, Wm. Brown; I. S., B. F. Ellis; O. S., Jas. R. Douglass; junior past councillor, A. W. McCoy; trustees, A. "W McCoy, B. F. Ellis, C. W. Schropp; representatives, A. W. McCoy, W. T. McRoberts. Number of members Sept. 30, 1887, forty-one. Place of meeting. Odd Fellows' Hall. Evening Star Uniun No. 207, E. A. U., was organized April Y, 1884, with thirty-five charter members, by S. "W. Burdiclc, deputy supreme president. Its first officers were — W. A. Smith, pres.; W. S. Mecklem, sec; Thomas S. Hodgson, treas.; A. VV. McCoy, vice-pres.; Dr. A. T. Shallenberger, adv.; George H. Kearcher, aco ; Dr. H. M. Shallenberger, med. ex. It lias a membership of twenty-four, meeting the first and third Mondays of every month. W. A. Smitli is grand president of the state organization. Star of the West Council, No. ^0, Royal Templars of Temperance was organized April 17, 1879, by M. C. L. Fisher. Its first officers were Samuel M. Kane, S. C; N. G. Welsh, V. C; D. R. Elaine, P. C; W. Moulds, chap.; W. Peach, fin. sec ; Samuel Brown, treas.; Eobert Les- lie, herald ; John Mcllvaine, guard; Charles Runyan, sentinel. The order meets in Odd Fellows Hall, corner Adams street and public 37 502 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. square, every second and fourth Tuesday evenings of each month. The present membership (1887) as reported by H. M. Levis, secretary, is twenty-eight. The W. G. T. TJ. was organized March 23, 1882, by Mrs. J. S. Kutan and Mrs. Kev. Satterfield, of Beaver, and Mrs. Eli Eeno, of Allegheny City. The following ladies were members of the organization : Mrs. J. H. Chandler, Mrs. H. C. Fry, Mrs. Thomas Muse, Mrs. Aaron Wilson, Mrs. S. H. Bonsall, Mrs. "W. Graham, Mrs. A. L. Eeno, Mrs. T. S. Hodg- son, Mrs. Gilbert Pendleton, Miss Maggie ISTannah and Miss Mary I. Eeno. The first ofiicers embraced Mrs. J. H. Chandler, pres.; Mrs. H. C. Fry, vice-pres.; Mrs. Thomas Muse, treas.; Miss Maggie Nannah, rec. sec; Mrs. Mary I. Eeno, cor. sec. The present corps (1887) consists of Mrs. A. L. Eeno, pres.; Mrs. M. Laughlin, vice-pres.; Mrs. T. S. Hodg- son, treas,; Mrs. Aaron Wilson, sec; membership, twenty-five. The Beaver county W. C. T. U. held its annual session with this union, August 25, 1887. Interest in its special work is increasing, resulting in an efiicient unity of action. Rochester Post, No. 183, G. A. S., was organized July 7, 1880, with the following as charter members : J. H. Stewart, H. C. Fry, W. S. Shallenberger, H. J. Chandler, A. Yal. Woodruff, Thomas Mathews, Thomas Carr, William D. Eeno, S. A. Craig, S. J. Swager, W. J. Ware, E. F. Mcllyaine, J. H. Hay, William Moulds, Williamson Graham. Of these the following were elected ofiicers: P. C, H. C. Fry; S. V. C, W. S. Shallenberger ; J. V. C, J. H. Stewart ; Chap., H. J. Chandler ; Surg., S. A. Craig ; Q. M., Williamson Graham ; O. D., Thomas Math- ews ; Adj., A. Val. Woodruff, and were reelected Jan. 1881, for the reason that they only held their offices for a fractional part of a term. January 4, 1887, the following officers were installed : P. C, Will- iamson Graham ; S. V. C, John Stitham ; J. V. C, E. M. French ; Chap., S. T. Dodd ; Surg., Stephen Stone ; Q. M., John S. Anderson ; O. D., Thomas Mathews; 0. G., William Keep; Adj., John Eagan. Colonel James H. Stewart, who is now dead, was the first to originate and agitate the organization of the post here, out of which grew Free- dom Post, Smith's Ferry Post, Ohioville Post and Beaver Post, all of which are in a prosperous condition. OHAPTEE XIX. BEIDGEWATEE BOEOUGfl. Location — Oeigin of Sharon — Majoe Kobeet Daeeagh — Aaeou Buee's Boat Building — Shaeon in 1837 — In 1841 — Incoepoeation OF Beidgewatee — Laying Out the Town — Beavee Point — Bridgewatee in 1841^ — -Manufactuees — Hotels — Schools — Socie- ties — C HUECHES. WHAT is now Bridgewater is the result of the consolidation in 1868, by act of the legislature, of the two towns of Sharon and Bridgewater. It is situated along and on the west side of Big Beaver river, extending from its confluence with the Ohio back to Fallston borough; and from Big Beaver to the limits of the town of Beaver. The earliest permanent settlement within the limits of the present town was made, in the Sharon part, probably about 1T98 or 1T99. The first settler took up the lands constituting the triangular flat made by the confluence of Brady's Run and Big Beaver river. On this flat was built up a village which was given the beautiful scriptural name of Sharon, indicative of the religious character of the primitive inhab- itant. The first building erected in the place was the one used by Major Robert Dayragh, as a place of public entertainment by the people who visited the Beaver Yalley, as well as by the many people who, crossing Big Beaver at its mouth, passed along the road on its western bank to their new homes in Ohio and the far West. It was used too as a boarding place for the managers of the work done for Burr's * expedi- tion by Dr. McCaslin and wife, and the Constable brothers. * Every one acquainted with the public men of our country must know some- thing of Aaron Burr, once Vice-President of the United States. His history exhibited a striking Instance of blasted ambition. Of most persuasive eloquence and bland man- ners, with a deep knowledge of the human heart, Aaron Burr looked forward, in his early days, to the highest honprs and distinctions of the republic. He had obtained the highest but one. But before his dark and searching eye there stood one obstacle to his ascent — it was Alexander Hamilton. The illustrious Hamilton who had weathered the storms of the revolution by the side of Washington, and who had saved to the nation 503 504 HISTOEY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. A second important building of those primitive times, since known as the " Old Eed Front," was erected in 1803 by Messrs. Hoopes, Town- send & Co. for Isaac Wilson, a native of Baltimore, by whom it was used for general merchandising purposes. It was the place at which the settlers of the neighborhood secured supplies for their families. Three years subsequent to the building of the " Old Red Front," (1806), Sharon became famous as the point where Aaron Burr fitted up a portion of the vessels to be used in establishing his celebrated north- western empire. The site of his boat-building is yet pointed out by the older inhabitants. The boat-yard was located on the triangular flat already mentioned, and was for a short period the scene of unusual activity. The point was wisely selected, being near the Ohio river down which the expedition was to sail, and in a favorable place on Big Beaver, well supplied with timber, saw mills, laborers, and other necessary requisites. in her councils what Washington saved by his sword and Fabian prudence, was a patriot too incorruptible to look coldly on, and see the rise of an unprincipled spirit whose intel- lectual capacity only equaled his want of principle. To the eye of Hamilton, Burr was in politics what Benedict Arnold had been in the field, and his opposition to his designs partook of that keen and stern character which ever made Hamilton so terrible to the enemies of the true rights of his country. [In a letter to Oliver Woloott, dated New York, December 16, 1800, referring lo a choice between Jefferson and Burr for the presidency, Hamilton used the following lan- guage: " AstoB. there is nothing in his favor. His private character is not defen- sible by his most partial friends. He is bankrupt beyond redemption, except by the plunder of his country. His public principles have no other spring or aim than his own aggrandizement. If he can he certainly will disturb our institutions, to secure himself permanent power, and with it, wealth. He is truly the Cataline of America."] They met at length on the dark and bloody ground, about two miles above Hobo- ken, on the .Jersey shore, opposite New York. Hamilton fell, and as he fell, the earthly prospects of Burr darkened into thick-ribbed gloom. Immediately after this catastrophe, the conduct of Burr began to excite attention. He frequently took sudden, rapid and distant journeys, disguised so as not to be k^own on the road. One week he would be seen at his ofiice in New York, the next in a distant city, as if he had dropped from the clouds. It was at first supposed that he was suffering the agonies of remorse for the murder of Hamilton, but the eye of the government soon detected the preparation for some act of violence. Arms and men had been gathered at different points, either for the division of the United States, or for a descent upon Mexico, or for both objects blended. He was arrested in the remote West and carried in irons for many miles through a country over whose senate he had presided as the second officer of the government, to the place designated for his trial. He was acquitted of the charge of treason, but the irrevocable sentence of public opinion had gone forth against him. He became a wanderer in foreign lands. , Over a few of those vagrant years of his life, a deep obscurity rests. He returned, however, to New York, the scene of his former glory and aspirations. There he spent his life with but little honor or distinction, and without any more influence over the public mind than if he had been frozen into a statue the moment he sent the death shot to the bosom of Hamilton. Sometimes [1833], a little, bowed-down man, with his eyes fastened on the pave- ment, might be seen hurrying along the vicinity of Reed street, New York, his hair, which was once black as the raven's wing, blanched with the whiteness of snow; and his eyes, which once .ihot lightning in their soul-searching glance, lusterlefs and dull. This man was Aaron Burr. BEIDGEWATEJB BOROUGH. 505 Some of the best and most patriotic citizens of Beaver county, at present, are the descendents of persons who assisted in the building of those vessels, not knowing at the time that they were "aiding and abetting" the enemies of their country. Burr sent to Sharon, as his rep- resentatives, two men, named respectively Tyler and Smith, who were general business managers. All the work connected with the construc- tion of the boats, including the purchase of timber, employing of hands, paying bills, etc,, was under their general supervision. They employed, as the Superintendent of the boat building depart- ment, a gentleman named Amasa Brown, a lineal ancestor of Hon. Hartford P Brown, of Rocliester, present member of legislature, who prepared the boats for their expedition down the river. Brown's work- men occupied a house adjoining the "old red front." These boats were closely covered and were designated " Orleans Boats." They were from sixty to seventy feet in length, and had the capacity to hold a large quantit}' of such goods as were intended to accompany the expedition. Isaac "Wilson supplied the lumber, flour, meat and provisions gen- erally, receiving in payment drafts on JSTew York, all of which were honored, as presented, except the last, which was protested; but not until after the flotilla had sailed from Sharon. The employing of so many hands and the paying out of such sums of money for necessary supplies, created a "boom" in the new village, and presaged what has taken place in other parts of Beaver valley in later years. Burr visited Sharon once, during the progress of the enterprise, to inspect the work and give directions for the future. Sharon was described in 1837 as "pleasantly located on the left bank of the Beaver river, about a short mile from its confluence with the Ohio, and about the same distance from the boroughs of Beaver, Bridgewater and Fallston. The leading road to Ohio passes through the town, and it is the residence of a number of very industrious, deserving citizens." Its directory at that time made the following exhibit: Merchants — Robert Darragh, John Dickey . . . Tanners — Joseph Moorhead, Samuel Moorhead, James Darragh . . . Shoemakers — J. T. Miller, S. Scott . . . Boat Builder — William Davidson . . . Blacksmith — Thomas McClelland . . . Innkeepers — J. Murray, J. Davis . . . Justice of the Peace— R. A. Carton . . . Clergyman — Jona- than Davis, Baptist. Four years later, 184:1, it had increased to a town of about 300 in- habitants, whose occupations were thus grouped : Patent tub and bucket maker — Giles Faris . . . Foundry, employing ten hands. 506 HISTOKY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. operated by Robert Darragh, J. S. Darragh, Mattison Darragh and S. H. Darragh . . . Qunsmm—^. H. Armstrong . . . Sawyers— Gt&OTgfi Ashael, David Camp. . . . Or- penters—Zoh^ Beam, Samuel Bcoff, John Fisher, George, Holdship, Hugh McGuire, Charles Rodenbaugh, Reuben Swagger, 8. S. Webster, George Wray . . . Founder —Jeremiah Bannon . . . Holder— 3dhY\ Bannon . . . Bookbinder— idhn Brown . . . Sawyer— Dxvidi Camp . . . Tailor— R. A. Carlton . . . Boat-builders— John Curry, David McGuire, Wm. Davidson . . Tanner— James Darragh . . Merchants— B.ob- ert Darragh and sons, J. S., Mattison and S. H. . . . P«7o!!— George Evans . . . S?we- makers—j'. A. Frazier, Wm. B. Miller, J. T. Miller and Thomas Scott . . Teackfrs — Samuel C. Goss, Miss White . . . Engineer- John Jones . . . Cabinet and windmill maftsr/i— Samuel Jones, S. S. Webster . . JIRM«?-— Jeremiah Jones . . . Tub and bucket m'fs—S. G. Long & Co., John Long . . . Mason— John Moffat . . . Blacksmiths- Thomas McClelland, John Noland . . . Bank CasAi«r— Hiram Stow . . . Teamster- 's. White. We turn now from Sharon of the olden time to the history of Bridgewater of to-day as embracing the consolidated towns. The borough of Bridgewater was incorporated, agreeably to the provisions of an act of the Assembly dated April 1, 1834, by a decree of the court of quarter sessions April 2, 1835. The matter, having been previously neglected, the court decreed, March 6, 1840, that the borough elections for that year and subsequently should be held on the last of March. This continued until modified by the state law requir- ing borough elections to be held in February. As early as 1818, it seems, a part of the town was laid out by Mr. Joseph Hemphill,* who owned the greater portion of the ground on the Big Beaver flat. By him a store was erected near the end of the bridge, which did a thriving business for years afterward. The growth of the town was necessarily slow, people preferring for residences loca- tions on higher plains. Bridgewater was, at this early date, a part of Beaver, and the lands occupied were known as "Academy out-lots." A very important portion of this tract on the west side of Big Beaver was known first as "Beaver Point," but subsequently as " Stone's Point." Stephen Stone sold a large number of town lots at this site on the 18th of October, 1831, one range fronting on the bayou that cuts across from Big Beaver to the Ohio river, and another fronting on the alley running parallel with Beaver river. He announced that " all the islandf which Hes immediately at the junction of Ohio and Big Beaver will also be laid out in small lots and sold." *Plan of West Bridgewater was made by Harrison Mendenhall, and acknowledged by him before J. D. Eakin, J. P., January 31, 1844. f The island referred to was, within the recollection of people yet living, a beautiful tract, covered with sycamore and other kinds of timber. It contained excellent building sites. Now it is beneath the waters of the Ohio river during the greater portion of autumn, winter and spring, its timber and soil having all been carried down the stream. BEIDGBWATEE BOROUGH. 507 This point was the scene of great activity, for a time, in the mat- ter of boat building. It was, too, the stopping place for steamboats passing up and down the river. The ^vharf was first honored with a landing by the boat " Beaver," in 1833. A hotel kept by Mr. Stone was a place of importance in those early days, affording entertainment for the humble and the exalted as they journeyed along nature's great thoroughfare. Many a citizen of the neighborhood hastened to the " Point" to see some person of distinction as he halted for an hour or two at the landing. Some idea af the early settlers and their occupations may be had from the subjoined list, which represent the town in 1841, when it had about six hundred inhabitants : Inn-keepers — Henry Ankeny ("Bridgewater House"); Chester W. Bloss ("Frank- lin House"); George Barnes ("Bridgewater Hotel"). . . . Confectioners and Bakers — Ankeny, Peter & Co., William Graham, Daniel Barnes. . . . Tailors — William Adams, Robert Hall, Thomas McCollough. . . . Merchants — William Adams, William Brown, R. McWilliams, C. M. Stewart. . . . (?«»iiem6ra— William K. Bowden, John Javens. . . Collector of l^olls, P. C. — David Boies. . . Cooper — Robert Bems. Laborers — Matthias Beake, Lewis Creamer, Stephen Lindley. . . . Physicians — James Brown (botanic), J. C. Mullen, J. C. Montague, S. Smith. . . . Steamboat Cap- tains — W. B. Boies, Henry Job. . . . Dentist — Thomas J. Chandler. . . . Cabinet makers — John Calhoun, Robert Gilmore, John T. Hough, David Johnston, Milton L. S wager, Martin Small. . . . Commission Merchants — Clarke & Co., John S. Dickey, McClure & Dickey. . . . Ministers of the Gospel — N. Callender (M. B.), J. A. Davis (Baptist), William Stevens (M. E.) . . Grocers — William Eakin, Samuel, Englisli. Boat builder — George Fisher. . . . Bngin^ei — Joseph French. . . . Stage- drivers — Gilbert Frazer, David Rowan, William Robinson. . . . Steamboat Pilots — John Gordon, Thomas Javans, Francis Maratta. . . Butchers — Henry Gull, John A. Rowan. . . . Painters — Milton Gerew, William T. Lewis. . . Teacher — Samuel C. Gall. . . .' Coach makers — John Hannen, David Rowan. . . . Stone-mason — William Horner. . . Potter — William L. Hamilton. . . . Clerk of Orphans' Court — William McCallister. . . Barber — F. Murrell. . . . Justices of the Peace — William Porter, S. T. Trimble. . Tin and Coppersmith — J. M. Norris. . . . Fanning-mill maker — A. Purdy. . . . Carpenters — Thomas Russell, William W. Randolph, Samuel Stewart, Boston Small. . . . Wagon maker — John Stein. . Collector of toll at bridge — Henry H.Smith. . . Blacksmiths — Archibald Stewart, David Stewart, Johnson Small. . . . Lumberman — Andrew Stewart. . . . Newspaper — " Beaver County Patriot ". Town Officials — Burgess, F. J. Clarke; Council, John Cochran, A. Stewart, John Mullen, John M. Norris, Milton Swager; William K. Bowden, clerk. MANUFAGTUEEES. In 1836 M. Darragh, a practical man, started a foundry in what was then known as Sharonj About two years later, his father, Major Eobert Darragh, built the foundry now used by the firm of M. and S. H. Darragh, and gave an interest to each of his four sons, John S., 508 HISTORY OF BEAVEK COUNTY. Hart, Mattison and S. H. Darragh. The firm was then known as E. Darragh & Sons. It continued with such organization until 1852, when the present style began. The present premises of M. & S. H. Darragh, founders and machinists, include two structures in Bridgewater, the foundry 60 by 90 feet, and a warehouse 60 by 80 feet, made of brick, and two stories in height; also a machine shop and office in Fallston, 35 by 70 feet. M. Darragh supervises the establishment in Bridgewater, and S. H. that in FaUston. HOTELS. The village has at present two hotels, the " St. Cloud," under the management J. W. Hum, Jr., and the "Park," under the management of S. E. Gallagher. SCHOOLS. The public schools of the borough are regularly organized under a board of trustees, and meet the demands of the educational public. The building is a two-story brick, to which are attached two wings, affording four rooms in all. In addition, then, the village has what is known as Piersol's academy, a private institution established in 1875 by its present proprietor and manager, S. M. Piersol, formerly an instructor in the Orphan school at Phillipsburg, and for a time county superintendent of schools. The academy building is a frame structure 30 by 36 feet, and including the basement has two stories. SOCIETIES. I. 0. 0. F. — The pioneer lodge of Odd Fellows in Beaver county is Beaver Lodge, No. 366. It was organized in the borough of Eoches- ter, August 22, 1849, by District Deputy Grand Master M. S. Johns, in conformity with the grand lodge of the state. The charter mem- bers consisted of J. M. Cook, "William S. Crawford, H. McKinnie, Daniel Sourbeck and William Hurst. Of this number the only living representative (June, 1887,) is H. McKinnie, a resident of Pittsburgh. The organization occurred in a building which stood on the site of the old plow factory in Eochester. The hall was on the third floor, the lower floors being occupied by PoAver & Lacock for general store purposes. The first transaction after the organization was the recep- tion of the final cards of D. H. Boies and G. S. Webster, both of whom were adjudged worthy of membership. The next was the elec- tion of officers, the following being the result: Noble Grand, J. M. BSIDGEWATEK BOEOUGH. 509 Cook; vice grand, W. S. Crawford; secretarj', William Hurst; treas- urer, Daniel Sourbeck. After due examination they were installed in their various offices by M. S. Johns, D. D. G. M. Following this, H. McKinnie was granted a dispensation to take the 4th and the 5th degree and was then appointed conductor by the Noble Grand. G. S. Webster was at the same time appointed warden. The minutes of this opening session were kept by Henry McCor- mick, grand secretary. On the minute book of Beaver Lodge he left the following inscription, which seemed to have been quite fully real- ized: "Success to your undertaking, Brothers of Beaver Lodge, 366.'* The lodge having closed as Grand Lodge during its day session, adjourned to meet at Y-| o'clock of the evening of the same day. After calling the roll, the traveling cards of Robert Crawford and William Johnston, of Hebron Lodge, No. 55, Youngstown, Ohio, and that of M. Lyon, of Western Star, No. 24, were exammed, and their holders were admitted. The following candidates were balloted for and found wor- thy the first night: John S. Darragh, Eobert French, John Tudor, Rob- ert Boyd, William N. Beal, William Bliss, William Craig, Samuel Frea and John Gordon. All except the last two were initiated the night of organization. Frea was initiated Aug. 28, and Gordon, Sept. 4, 1849. On the 4th of Sept., 1849, the first insurance was placed. The lodge property was insured for $1,000 in the Delaware Mutual, the premium paid being $6.00. The first traveling card was issued to William Craig, now of Freedom. In the primitive days much oppo- sition existed to secret societies of all kinds. Tiie anti-masonic excite- ment produced by the abduction and assassination of Morgan in 1826 spread like wildfire, and the prejudice it engendered against all secret orders had not subsided when Beaver Lodge organized. People were curious to know what kind of outfit belonged to a lodge-room. Hence the officers inserted a card in the Beaver Argus and Western Star to the effect that the lodge-room oi: Beaver Lodge, No. 366, I. O. 0. F., would be open to the inspection of visitors on Wednesday, Oct. 10, 1849, between the hours of 2 and 8 p. m. In a very interesting paper read some time ago, before the lodge, by Mr. Reed, and to which the compiler of this sketch acknowledges his indebtedness for most of the information it contains, is given a sum- mary of the callings of the membership of the lodge from the organiz- ation to that date. It stood as follows: Attorneys, 5; agents, 4; artists, 1; boat builders, 5; boatmeD, 18; bakers, 2; butchers, 13; blacksmiths, 8; brokers, 1 ; brick layers, 1; brick makers, 3; book-keepers, 1; 510 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COHNTT. barbers, 1; contractors,!; civil engineers, 1; captains (river), 3; cabinetmakers, 2; confectioners, 2; coach makers, 1; coopers, 3; cigar makers, 3; carriage makers, 3; clerks, 33; carpenters, 26; druggists, 5; draymen, 1; dentists, 3; deputy sheriflEs, 1; dealers, 1; engineers, 25; editors, 1; farmers, 41; furnace-makers, 1; ferrymen, 2; fishermen, 1; glass-blowers, 4; gentlemen, 2; gardeners, 1; grinders (knifed, 1; glass-makers, 3; glass- cutters, 1; jewelers, 2; laborers, 80; liverymen, 1; merchants, 24; mates, 4; millers, 7; manufacturers, 4; machinists, 2; marble-cutters,!; ministers, 5; molders, 12; miners, 1; pilots, 17; physicians, 10; painters, 11; peddlers, 3; potters, 6; plasterers, 4; pattern- makers, 1; photographers, 1; printers, 1; quarrymen, 2; railroad managers, 2; stdwaids, 3; shoemakers, 8; ship carpenters, 4; students at law,l; superintendents, 1; saw-makers, 1; tailors, 6; tavern-keepers, 6; teachers, 6; teamsters, 6; tinners, 4; telegraph repairers, 1; tanners, 1; wind-mill makers, 1; watchmen, 1. Total, 409. The records being destroyed or lost, the list of officers could not be obtained. The Pioneer Oluh of Bridgewater is a social organization that began in the autumn of 1876. Its originators were A. Mulheim, J. H. Eeed, Guj^ Morgan, E. K. Hum and J. 0. Woodruff. It OAvns a boat which is generally moored under the P. & L. E. bridge across the Ohio. In it are held its ordinary sessions. It usually encamps once a year, generally on a new site. Membership is limited to twenty-five persons, and costs $15 each. Its proceedings are regu- lated by constitution and by-laws. The present corps of officers con- sists of: Captain, George Hamilton; lieutenant, J. C. Woodruff; secre- tary, A. Mulheim; treasurer, W. F. Walters. Military Company. On the 14th of March, 1881, Military Hall, Co. " E," Fifteenth Eegiment, N. G., was incorporated with a capital stock of $1,000 divided intq 1,000 shares of $1 each. Its purpose was to provide a suitable hall for the military company known as the Quay Guards. The company was disbanded, and the property disposed of in 1887. Bridgewater Building Association. Tiiis institution was organized in Bridgewater in October, 1886, by citizens of Eochester, Bridgewater, Beaver and Phillipsburg. The object of the association is tljus expressed in the second article : " The object of this association shall be to enable the members, by their earnings and savings, to procure, in an easy and sure manner, a fund for building or purchasing a house." The original officers were as follows : L. F. Weinman, president ; Henry Eckel, vice-president ; William Eeich, treas.; W. H. Thomas, sec. The original directors were Harvey Brown, A. C. Hurst? E. E. Tallon, J. H. Martsolf, John Coleman, Henry Wagner, William Wallace, Ed. K. Hum, J. E. Gasaway, with John M. Buchanan, Esq., solicitor. The board of directors at present (June, 1887,) consists of BEIDGEWATER BOEOTIGH. 511 the same, except that J. 0. Woodruff has succeeded J. E. Gasaway; Professor J. H. "Watson, of Beaver, Henry Wagner; and Charles F. Hurst, Jr., William Wallace. The capital consisted originally of 2,000 sharesjof which over 1,800 have been taken. It is the largest single series organization in Beaver county. Its meetings are held every Friday night. OHDECHES. Methodist Episcopal Church. Methodism in Beaver county had a much more recent origin than its neighbors of the Presbyterian and United Presbyterian faiths. Its origin may be traced to the vicinity of Sharon,* where, on the property of Major Eobert Darragh, one-half mile below the mouth of Brady's Run, the first organization in the county had its birth about 1828,. the preacher on the occasion being Rev. John Swazey. He was an active missionary in the spread of its doctrines, and had a son, John J. Swazey, who afterward became a prominent preacher and presiding elder. Major Darragh, George Hinds, William Adams and Rev. Thomp- son were early members of the Sharon church. Of Thompson the fol- lowing incident is related : He was passing along the street one day, when a lady was called to the door by the remark : " There goes the Methodist Thompson." " My!" said the lady, "I don't see anything strange about him. He looks just like other men."-}- After the Sharon church was established, the house being a frame one torn down but a few years ago, the second congregation in the county was established at Beaver, about 1825, by Rev. Charles Cook, D.D. [So saj^s an early copy of the Argus.] The third congregation was the one at Bridgewater. It was organized in 1838 or 1839. :{: Its house of worship was built in 1839, by Richmond Hart and Jacob 01m- stead. The board of trustees at the time consisted of Archibald Stew- art, Lewis Reno, Joseph Vera. Ephraim Jones, Thomas J. Chandler, C. M. Stewart, Benjamin Adams and Robert Darragh. The house is a two-story brick structure, 50 by 60 feet. It was planned by Rev. Z. H. Costin, P. E., and was modeled after one he had seen in the Western Reserve. The pulpit was in the front, at the entrance, and the floor rose gradually to a height of 19 inches at the *Judge Agnew insists that Methodism began at Beaver, and not at Sharon. fThia lady subsequently became a member of the church, qnd when the last repair- ing occurred, in 1884, gave $1,000. |John English, a resident of Bridgewater in 1833, left in his will a bequest of $1,000 to Bridgewater M. E. Church, on condition that its members would subscribe a sufficient amount to complete a church. 512 HISTOEY OF BEAVEK COUNTY. rear. In 1860 the house was repaired, during the pastorate of Kev. "W. F. Lauck, at an expense of about $700. In 1884 it underwent a second remodeling, at an expense of $1,800, this time under the super- vision of Dr. J. Murray, who leveled the floor without injuring the plastering. The house was reopened Sept. 9, 1884, Eev. Frank S. Dellass, D.D., preaching the dedicatory discourse from Rom. XI : 33. The Presbyterians of the town joined in the service, their pastor having adjourned their own services. Bridgewater congregation had, prior to 1845, been connected with Beaver charge. In that year, however, it was set off as a station, with. Eev. A. M. Brown in charge. * The first quarterly conference ^vas held in the church August 12, 1845, with Eev. E. Hopkins, P. E., Eev. A. M. Brown, pastor, and Eev. William Adams, local preacher. The class- leaders were William Adams, S. B. Wilson, Andrew Stewart, T. J. Chandler, Samuel T. Trimble and John A. Frazier ; the stewards, Lewis Eeno and John Allison. The pastors in charge since 1845 have been the following : Eev. A. M. Brown, 1845-46; Joseph Montgomery, 1847-48 (disaffection existed during his charge, and he was finally removed by the presiding elder and his place given to Eev. John Ansley) ; M. P. Jamison, 1849- 50; J. Murray, 1851-52; John Grant, 1853-54; A.J. Eich, 1855-56; E. Hamilton, 1857; J. D. Cramer, 1858 ; W. F. Lauck, 1859-61 ; J. S. Bracken, 1862-63 (lie was drafted, but his congregation raised $300 and secured a substitute); J. D. Knox, 1864; W. K. Brown, 1865; Joseph I-Iorner, 1866 ; E. Morrow, 1867-68 ; Joseph Hollingshead, 1869-71 ; D. L. Dempsey, 1872-74 ; D. A. McCready, 1875-76 ; Eobert Hamilton, 1877-78 ; D. L. Dempsey, 1879-81 ; J. H. Henrv, 1882-83 ; Nathan Brown, 1884; J. W. Mclntire, 1885-87. The church has a comfortable brick parsonage, bought during the pastorate of Eev. Grant for $500. It was the property of the Bank of Pittsburgh, and needed some repairs, which were made. The organization of the church in Eochester in 1866 greatly dimin- ished the Bridgewater congregation, fibout one half the old congrega- tion Avithdrawing to form the new. The present membership is about 160. The Sunday-school averages about 200. First Preshyierian Church of Bridgewater. This congregation, as will be learned by referring to the history of the Beaver church, vvas the outgrowth of that organization. It was organized by a committee of the Presbytery of Beaver, January 29, 1845. It consisted of sixty- five members, four of whom were chosen ruUng elders : John Alcorn, BEIDGEWATEK BOKOUQII. 513 James Jackson, John Carothers and David E. Eakin. Tlie}^ had all been ruling elders in the Beaver church, and hence were simply installed in their new positions. The first pastor of the congregation was Rev. Isaac M. Cook. lie began his labors as a stated supply Feb. 2, 1845, and on the ITtb of December following lie entered upon his regular pastoral duties, which he discharged with fidelity and success up to the time of his death, which occurred Jan. 10, 1854. During his labors the church was increased, by certificate, 159 members ; by examination, 232; total, 391. The second pastor was Rev. James Smith, called May Y, 1855. His connection with the congregation continued about eighteen months, when he resigned and went to Mount Joy, Pa. On the I6th of July, 1857, a unanimous call was given to Rev. David A. Cunningham. He accepted, and was installed October 9, 1857, continuing in the pastorate untd Jan. 1, 1864. His ministrj^ was successful, 251 members being added during its continuance. He was succeeded by Rev. James M. Shields, who began his labors under the call of March 1, 1864, but was not regularly installed till the 15th of the following April. He continued to labor acceptably until the 26th of April, 1874, when he tendered his resignation to accept a charge at Millvilie, Pa. During his pastorate 436 additions were made to the congregation. The minutes of Jan. 29, 1876, are the next that recognize the presence of a regular preacher. Rev. "W. W. Ralston. In the minutes of April 1, 1883, Rev. D. F. Cornahan appears as moderator. This position he held till October, 1886, when he resigned his pastorate of the church. The first house of worship, a one-story brick, was erected in the "forties." It was a part of the present structure, but not so long by about 20 feet. In 1876, owing to the increase in the congregation, a front addition was made, and another superadded. The work was not completed, however, till 1880. The expense of this change, together with the new furnishing which it necessitated, amounted to $8,000. The structure is a verv pleasant and commodious one, well adapted to its purpose. A. M. K Church. This organization was incorporated June 14, 1886, by Andrew W. Tanner, Nelson Scroggins and Lewis Ash. Its services are held in a frame house, which was dedicated as the house of worship of the Baptists, by Dr. Estep, Nov. 17, 1845. It occurred during the pastorate of Rev. Jacob Morris. The organization was dis- banded, many of its members ultimately finding a home in the Baptist church of Rochester. OHAPTEE XX. PHILLIPSBUEG BOEOUGH. Location — Site Sold to Count De Leon — Named New Philadelphia — Dissolution of the Society — -"Incorpoeation — Business Condition IN 1841 — Soldiers' Orphan School — Manufactures — Societies — Churches — Schools — Postmasters — Pop.ulation. THIS town is located in the north part of Moon township, on the Ohio river, opposite the mouth of Big Beaver river. It is on the line of the Pittsburg & Lake Erie Railroad, which, crossing a fine iron bridge that spans the Ohio, connects it with Beaver. It is connected also with Rochester by a regular ferry. The town resulted from the establishment of yards for boat build- ing by Phillips & Graham some years prior to 1830. When they located on the site, the rich growth of forest trees gave them the amount and kind of material they needed for their purposes. The clearing away of the timber and the building of houses for laborers resulted in forming a community which, in honor of its principal spirit, Stephen Phillips, was called Phillipsburg. By reference to the account of the borough of Freedom, it will be seen that manufacturing of vari- ous kinds of boats had been prosecuted quite extensively at and near Phillipsburg ever since 1822. , In 1832 Phillips & Graham sold the entire town to Count Maxi- mihan De Leon and his associates who had seceded from the Harmony Society at Economy. This transfer embraced some eight hundred acres of most excellent land, rich soil made by the deposit of material brought down by the majestic Ohio for ages. Count De Leon having secured so rich a possession organized his society, which he denominated the " New Philadelphia Gemeinde," (" New Philadelphia Congregation"). The name of the town was changed from Phillipsburg to that of New Philadelphia. The new proprietors erected hotel, factories, houses, etc., and hoped soon to outstrip the parent society from which they had separated. Their 514 PHILLIPSBUBG BOROUGH. 515 society was regularly organized with Count De Leon as president, aided by twelve managers. In less than eighteen months, however, the straitened financial condition of the concern compelled a dissolution which was duly announced to the world in the following: Public Notice. The undersigned, members of the iV«w Philadelphia Society, at Phillipsburg, in the county of Beaver, and commonwealth of Pennsylvania, have been authorized by said society to give public notice of the dissolution of their partnership. The public will, therefore, take notice that the partnership heretofore existing in Phillipsburg afore- said, and transacting business under the title of the New Philadelphia Society, has this day bejn dissolved by mutual consent. All persons having claims against said partner- ship are hereby requested to present the same for settlement; and those indebted to said company are required to make payment to Abner Lacock, Stephen Phillips and Adam Schule, who are fully authorized to settle and adjust the accounts of said partnership. Given under our hands this 10th day of August, a. d. 1833. Maximilian Db Leon, Samuel G. Gobntgbn, John A. Ziokwolp, Jacob Wagnek, Jacob Schabfer, Anthony Knappbe. Thus terminated the second attempt to establish, in Beaver county, a social and business organization on the community basis. Count De Leon, the chief of the movement, left for other regions, and died a few years afterward in the southwestern part of the United States. The members of the society who remained at Phillipsburg engaged in cooperative business for a time, and then dissolved, each one endea\'- oring to solve the problem of life by personal industry and accumulation. The large buildings erected for society purposes were. May 16,1848, disposed of to Dr. Edward Acker, who established a Water Cure, which met with considerable success for a time. He in turn sold his property to Dr. Baels, who contmued it for a period with satisfactory results. At the September term of court, 1839, a petition was presented by Jacob Schaefer, Adam Schule and some seventy-eight others for the incorporation of the town, a plat of the place accompanying the peti- tion. The grand jury. Major Robert Darragh, foreman, approved it, and the decree was ^granted March 6, 1840^ which date marks the legal origin of the borough of Phillipsburg, the primitive name having been restored. The first election was held the first Monday of April, in the tavern then occupied by "William Stumm. In 1841 the population was largely German, the remnants and 516 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. descendants of the New Philadelphia Society. The directory reveals the names of the following residents : Merchants — Anson Knappcr, Israel Bensel. . . . Carpenters — John Bell, Henry Sunk, John Trompeter, Casper Koehler, George Voght, David Leist, Henry Young. Farmers — Francis Bonet, Jacob Barker, Jacob Grain, J. Stoneker, C. Frank, G-Borge Frank, Daniel Voght, F. Speirer. . . . Blacksmiths — Bernard Zeigler, George Zeigler, David "Wagner, Jacob Vachiger, Simon Wagner. . . Shoemakers — George SchnauflEer, Adam Keller, George Leist, Tersius Kramer. . . . Hotel-keepers— George N. Fisher, " 76 Hotel;" Peter Stupp. Millwrights — Michael Forstner, George Forstner. . . . Weavers — George Reiff, Jacob Duer. . . . Physician — Edward Acker. Coopers — Jacob Sanders, M. Faut, Andrew Faut. . . Laborers — Jacob Miner, Jacob Vogt. . . . Blue Dyers— Jacob Schaefer, Charles Scbmalhausen. . . . Brick- layers — Rheinhold Frank, August Smiter, C. Ausnrisn. . Tailors — Reinmund Gann, Francis Zeigler. . . . Wool Orader — Jacob Wagner. Miller — A. Schule. Wheelwright — John Bauer. . Brick maker-Jsicoh King. . . . Wool Carder — F. Speiger. . . . Surveyor — Charles Kramer. . . . Tinner — Christian Smith. . . . Sawyer — W. Horman. . Ferryman — John Rainbow. . . . Butcher — JohnScham- burgher. . . . Barbers — Alexander Gempill, Joseph Kreg, Conrad Gann. . . . Eoangelical Clergyman— ReY . Ferdinand Winter. . . Burgess, Justice of Peace and Manager of Seminary— 1, . F. Le Goullon. . . Council— Isr&A Bensel, Christian Ausnrisn, Jacob Schaefer. soldiers' orphan school. To Beaver county may be attributed the honor of organizing, after the civil vi^ar, the first soldiers' orphan sciiool in the western part of the state. The uncertainty connected with the meager appropriation •of the state for the support of such schools was not calculated to create a great desire on the part of educators to take hold of such an enter- prise. Buildings, grounds, apparatus, furniture, books— all these had to be provided in advance, requiring the expenditure of a large sum of money, ])robably about $20,000. At the request of the friends of orphans, Eev. W. G. Taylor, D. D., consented to undertake the enterprise. The supermtendents of the counties of Beaver, Allegheny and Washington applied to the state school superintendent for his appointment. The chief executive of the state, Governor Curtin, was similarly urged by Colonel M. S. Quay. The appeal was successful, and Dr. Taylor was duly commis- sioned. The only buildings available for the purpose were those formerly used by the Water Cure and more recently for a pleasure resort. These were purchased in December, 1865, thoroughly repaired, and increased subsequently by the addition of new ones twice the size of the old ones. Land was purchased at various times : forty-one acres soon after the establishment of the school in March, 1866 ; this amount PniLLIPSBUEG BOEOUGH. 519 was increased in 1870 to one hundred acres, and in- 1873 to two hun- dred and ten acres. Buildings for school, chapel, workshops, farm- house and storehouse were erected as necessity required. The aggre- gate expense of all these outlays and improvements is put by Dr. Taylor at $48,000, and was met by him. As alreadjr remarked the school opened in March, 1866. The first orphan received was Walter T. Eathburn, on the 2d of March. He lacked a month of being ten years old. He remained until the 2d of the ensuing October, when he was transferred to Uniontown, During the following spring and summer the number of pupils reached eighty-three. In October, transfers from North Sevvickley and the Homes in Pittsburgh and Allegheny increased the attendance to one hundred and eighty-eight. This number, however, was soon greatly reduced by transfers to Titusville, Dayton, Uniontown and other places, leaving the average for several years about one hundred and forty. At first much difficulty was experienced in securing competent and efficient teachers and other helps. The obstacle was finally over- come by the only rational method, viz : hy training young ladies and gentlemen for their several, positions. The result was gratifying in the extreme. The state had prescribed eight grades as the limit of the edu- cational work. To these Dr. Taylor added four, giving a special train- ing in mathematics and science. In addition, too, there was a system of industrial detail labor which enabled girls at the age of sixteen to be prepared, by actual training in domestic work, housekeeping, family sewing and dressmaking, to take up the cares of a household with every assurance of success. The physical regulations of the school were most admirable; labor was made a condition of health. Development of body and mind and morals sent forth specimens of robust health and symmetrical development. It is a remarkable fact that out of 600 children received into the institution in ten and a half years, one third diseased at the time of entrance, but four deaths occurred, the remainder being dis- charged with physical soundness. In this connection we take the liberty of giving the testimony of Prof. Beamer, lecturer on phrenology, physiology, etc.: In my entire experience and observation as a public lecturer, traveling through the United States, Canada and Europe, I have never seen such a perfect development of the physical organization as there is in the entire mass of the children of the Phillipsburgh Soldiers' Orphan School, under the care of Dr. Taylor, and as is presented here to-night by the one hundred and fifty orphan boys and girls here present. I have never seen in my entire experience on both continents such perfect discipline and order as is 28 520 HISTOKY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. here shown to-night by these attentive children, whose happy countenances show this discipline to be the result of proper government and not fear. As a soldier of the war that made them orphans, I am happy to meet them, and thrice happy in seeing their home, their training, their education, and preparation and prpspecls for usefulness. When preparations were making in 1876 for the Centennial Expo- sition at Philadelphia, Hon. J. P. Wickersham, state school superin- tendent, under date of Feb. 29, Avriting to Dr. Taylor, said: " "We are specially anxious to make a good show of the industries of our orphan schools, and depend very much on you for specimens of all sorts of sewing, garments made by the girls, useful and ornamental needle work, and all else that can be nicely shown. If the boys m.a1ce anything, we want specimens also." The following is a list of persons who were officially connected with the school from its organizktion to the early part of 1876: Principal — Rev. W. G. Taylor, D.D. ssistant Principal — Mrs. C. T. Taylor. Physicians— X> . McKinney, M.D., D. S. Marquis, M. D. TeacJiers—Meaars. A. G. Thorne, D. McAllister, J. 8. Steele, R. F. Thompson, J. N. Biers, S. M.Piersol and J. M. Phillis; Misses Lizzie Dever, Lizzie Rollings, M. M. Taylor, Loretta Reynolds, E. S. Taylor, M. M. Chambers, 0. E. Taylor and M. E. Kroesen. Superintendents of Boys — Messrs. J. Neel, P. Bromwell, P. Aulshouse, Henry Turner, Wm. P. Badders and E. H. Crandall. Matrons — Misses N. W. Thompson and Min- nie Cole. Sewing Superintendents — Misses Mary Chambers, Ella Mann, M. McLaren, Mrs. L. L. Brown and Mrs. M. J. McGinniss, with Mr. J. Braun, tailor. Superintend- ents of Kitchen — Mrs. M. J. Hoyt, L. Turner and A. M. English; and Misses S. Fenster- macher, Eunice Brown and Julia Eckles. Laundry^Mis. C. Lloyd and Miss C. Prank. Nurse — Mrs. Mary Eckles. Superintendents of Children. — Misses Rachel Wilson, Sue Work and Ada Grandy. General Care-taker — Mrs. Jas. W. Taylor. Farmers and Oar- deners — Benjamin Stute, James Smith, John Hughes, Wm. Kaler, A. Tount and Jo- seph Garrett. Shoemakers — C. Pfancuch and A. Blott. Butcher— C. Erbeck; . On the 22d of August, 1876, at 11 o'clock a. m., during the tempo- rary absence of Dr. Taylor, the main building accidentally caught fire and was wholly destroyed; loss $25,000, with insurance to the amount of $10,300. Thus after a period of success for ten and a half years this school closed its career, the pupils being transferred to other similar schools. The attendance at the time of this calamity was about 180. Owing to the heavy expense involved in erecting new buildings and the shortness of time yet to continue under the first contract (about two years and a half), the Phillipsburgh Soldiers' Orphan School ceased forever, but not without many regrets on the part of both its friends and its immediate patrons. MANUFACTUKES. The Phmnix Glass Company of Phillipsburg began- as a corpora.- PHILLIPSBUEG BOEOUGH. 521 tion in August, 1880. The principal incorporators were Andrew How- ard and W. I. Miller. The capital stock was fixed at $250,000. The officers are— president, Andrew Howard; secretary and treasurer, W. I. Miller. These works manufacture fine art glass in various colors and designs. The goods are placed on the market through a distributing house in New York under the management of Alexander H. Patterson, as well as through men on the road. They are disposed of in all parts of the United States, and in some foreign countries. The number of hands, including men, boys and girls, is about 450? with a monthly pay-roll of about $15,000. The entire building was Ijurned in January, 1884, consuming everything. The structure was rebuilt in the autumn of the same year. SOCIETIES. Phillipshurg Council, No. 21i,, Junior Order of United American Mechanics was organized by Philip Koehline on the 6th of January, 1883. Its purpose will be understood bj'' referring to the account of the similar order at Kochester. The present presiding officer is John Johnston; secretary, C. M. Wagner. The membership numbers fifty- seven, and is said to be in a flourishing condition. The Equitable Aid Union. This protective organization was estab- lished in Phillipsburg, April 18, 1884, by W. S. Burdic. Since its organization it has been served by J. A. Irons, "W". H. Grulliver, Sylvester Johnston, David Kay, James Huggins and N. H. Trumpeter as presi- dents, and by Sylvester Johnston, IST. H. Trumpeter and Mrs. Kate M. Wiseman as secretaries. Its place of meeting is in the Georges Hall. CHUKCHES. When Count De Leon and his followers established at Phillipsburg, they were not unmindful of their church relations. Separated from the Harmony Society, the Count was anxious to perpetuate and dissem- inate the peculiar views which distinguished him from George Rapp, whom he had antagonized at Economy. The establishment of the New Philadelphia Gemeinde, or New Philadelphia congregation, gave him this opportunity; this occurred in 1832. Both he and Dr. Goengen preached to their people at first, and continued to do so as long as De Leon remained in the place. After he left, Eev. Daubert came out from Pittsburgh and preached occasionally, in 1834-35. The Gemeinde was gradually transformed into a new organization which, under the administration of the next preaciier, Eev. E. F. Winter, assumed the name of the Protestant Pkangelical United St. Peter'' s Church of Phil- 522 HISTOEY OF BEAVER COUNTY. Upsburg. With this mammoth name the congregation has survived the lapse of time and the conflict of ages, and is one of the established religious factors of the town in the year of grace a. d. 1887. Eev. E. F. Winter was a student of the Rev. Daubert, and remained with the congregation from 1834 to 1861, a period of twenty- seven years. He was, in some respects, a remarkable man. He was a fine scholar, being accomplished in drawing, painting, music, gymnas- tics, etc. Some of his pupils are prominent and accomplished ladies in Eochester, Beaver, Bridgewater. New Brighton and Beaver Falls; among whom are Mrs. Judge Hice, Mrs M. S. Quay, the Misses Barker, Miss Ledlie, Miss Mary Wagner and others. He did much to cultivate a taste for music, the effects of which are seen in the various homes and churches of the county. His religious views were of a liberal tendency, so much so that some of his members feared that he was departing, in a measure, from his primitive faith. In addition to Phillipsburg, he ministered to two countr}'^ congregations. When he left Phillipsburg he went to Zelien- ople, where he died several years ago. The next pastor was Rev. J. C. Jesse, who committed suicide in March, 1862. He was succeeded for a few months by Rev. Carl Heischman in 1862. Rev. C. Scheel labored a portion of 1863, his time being filled out by R,ev. G. Phuhl. In regular succession came Rev. J. O. Zwicker, 1864; Rev. J. P. Hentz, 1865; Rev. Carl Jackel, 1866-6T; Prof. E. F. Giese, 1868; Rev. C. F. Stein- bach, 1869; Rev. P. Born, 1870-74; Rev. Detlef, 187.5-76; Rev. C. F. Lemcke, 1877 to the present time. The building is a substantial brick edifice, erected by the " Gemeinde." The English Lutherans hold services in the house occasionally, their preacher being Rev. W. A. Passavant, Jr. It is proper here to mention briefly two prominent families (Wag- ner and Schaefer), who seceded with De Leon in 1832, an4 who became prominent members not only of the " Gemeinde," but of the business community of Phillipsburg. The first of these is the Wagner family. Jacob Wagner, deceased, was born May 3, 1801, in Germany, the son of Johann George and Maria (Huber) Wagner. Theyliad five children, viz: Maria, linow^n as Malinda in the colony; Jacob, David, Simon and Jonathan. The last two were born in Harmony, Butler county, Pa. Jonathan went to France to his uncle Johannes Huber, where he died. He married a French lady, who bore him two daughters, both of whom are married and living in France. Jacob Wagner was married in Phillipsburg to Christine Heydl, born April 1, 1806, near Frankfort, Germany. She was a member of the " GrafC Leo Society," which came originally to Economy and thence to Phillipsburg. Jacob and Christine had five chil- dren, viz: Mrs. P. Erbeck, Maria, .Joanna C. Israel, and Malinda, wife of Rev. David PHILLIPSBURG BOROUGH. 523 L. Roth. Mr. Wagner was a man of great mental and moral .strength, and a factor o force in the community. His mother, Maria Wagner, and sister Malinda remained In the society at Economy; but his father, Johann George, and three brothers were all of the number who seceded, and with himself were leaders in the Phillipsburg community. Jacob's widow is still living in Phillipsburg in her eighty-second year. His daughter Maria, from whom most of the facts were obtained, is an accomplished musician, and lives with her mother. The Schaefer family. Reference has been made, in these pages, to the Schaefers. Jacob Schaefer, the representative member, was born February 21, 1801, at Knittlimer, Wurtemburg, and died at Phillipsburg February 24, 1837, at eighty-six years of age. His father died in 1803, and his widowed mother emigrated with him in 1806 to the United States, taking full membership in the Harmony Society. Jacob grew up in the society. After nine years of age he did not attend school: but, born with mechanical and mathematical genius of a high order, he svas generally useful in early life to the society, and when he became a man, held places of trust and responsibility in the same. He learned the trades of carpentry, dyeing and machinery. He dyed the first silk woven in Economy (the colors of which are still good, sixty years afterwards) and prob- ably the first woven in the United States. Miss Gertrude Rapp still has the dress. He was one of the active members in the secession from the Harmony Society in 1832. He held that the restriction on marriage by the society was unnatural and wrong, and that the young should be left to their own inclinations in that respect. He was selected as one of the twelve trustees of the new society, and when it dissolved was chosen as one of the committee to settle up its business. For a number of years he cultivated the land accruing to him from the division of the property. He was a man of strong mind, his thoughts being clear and logical. Unaided by the training of the schools, be wrought out, unassisted, a system of arithmetic, geometry and surveying of his own. He was often referred to in such matters to settle controver- sies, his decision being acceptable. With history he was specially conversant. This wa? particularly true of the political history of his adopted country. He had also a remarkable knowledge of the Holy Scriptures and their interpretation. He was faithful and true in all the relations of life. His friendship was unswerv- ing. He was a man of convictions. In his early life he was a member of the demo- cratic party, but afterward became a Whig and a Republican. Though n3t a public speaker, he was at times truly eloquent in thought and action, ressmbling, it is said, Henry Clay in form and attitude. His faithful wife sur- vives him. Methodist Episcopal Church. Methodism was introduced into Moon township by Dr. J. Murray, of Bridgewater, he preaching at the several school-houses in the northern part. In 1858 a society was organized in the Davis school-house and connected with the Shousetown circuit. Rev. Latchall McGuire was the preacher in charge, assisted by Thomas Boyle. The members were — Daniel Carey, Adaline Carey, Elizabeth Cooper, Margaret Elliott, Joseph Craig, Jacob Glasser, Elizabeth Glasser, Carbon Prophater and wife, and Caroline Hamilton. In 1859 a frame meeting house was erected, 35' by 45 feet, at a cost of $1,000, Carbon Prophater donating one acre of ground for the site. This new charge went by the name of "McGuire 524: HISTOEY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. Chapel." The successive pastors were— Revs. John "Wright and L. Keigle, assistant, 1860; J. J. Jackson and Farrall, 1861; J. J. Jackson and N. P. Kerr, 1862; M. M. Eaton, 1863; J. V. Yarnall and James Jones, 1864. In 1865 a society was organized in Phillipsburg and connected with McGuire chapel, Eev. J. V. Yarnall preacher in charge. The charter members were, some of them, from McGuire chapel, and included Daniel Carey, A.daline Carey, M. W. Carey, J. W. Carey, Samuel Bickerstaff, Hannah Biokerstatf, Christian Merryman and Sarah Baker. In 1866 the society erected a new frame house of worship, 35 by 45 feet, at a cost of $3,400, and called it the 'Phillipsburg M. E. church." Rev. Yarnall was succeeded by Thomas Patterson, 1866; K P. Kerr, 1867; supply 1868; J. B. Wallace, 1869-70; Baker, 1871; John Huddleson, 1872-73; J. L. Stiffy, 1874; D. K Staf- ford, 1875; Joseph Wright, 1877-78; A. J. Rich, 1879-80; J. L. Stiffy, 1881; J. H. Hull (supply), 1882; David Day (supply), 1883; W. F. Lauck, 1884; J. L. Deans, 1885; D. L. Dempsey, 1886-87. Both churches are in good condition, and out of debt. They have flourishing Sunday-schools. Presbyterian Church. Phillipsburg was for many years under the influence of the German church, organized by the seceders from the Harmony society in 1832. Afterward the M. E. church had a small organization. In 1866 when Rev. Dr. Taylor located his soldiers' oi-phans school there were but three Presbyterian families in the town. For ten and a half years Dr. Taylor preached twice a day in his school chapel. After the burning of the school dwelling building, the Doctor kept up preaching every other Sunday afternoon, in his school building, inviting the neighboring pastors to preach, and if they could not he would; he being called to another field of labor, the necessity was felt for a Presbyterian organization, and the Phoenix Glass Works bringing four hundred hands, made the necessity greater. Doctors Taylor and Beacom urged upon Wm. Shroads, Esq., elder of the North Branch Presbyterian church, that they make this a preaching point. In accord- ance with this recommendation the Rev. A. M. Buchanan, preaching, by appointment of Presbytery, at North Branch, served at Phillips- burg also, and urged upon the people the importance of the field and work; another meeting was appointed, and the matter represented. People fell the necessity for a church, but the impossibility of raising the money for a stated supply. Dr. Taylor proposed that each agree PHILLIPSBUEG BOEOTJGH. 525 to give what he could each Sunday, say, ten, twenty, twenty-five or fifty cents. Then in November, 1884, services every Sunday evening were commenced in the M. E. church. The difficulty of a permanent place of service was next felt. Dr. Taylor fitted up a large hall on Fourth street, where the church continued to worship until they put up and dedicated their fine new church building in November, 1886. The building is 40 by 60 feet, two stories. The first contains Sun- day-school room, infant school-room, ladies' parlor, vestibule and stairway. On the second story is the large and fine audience room, high ceiling, well lighted, ventilated and heated, and will comfortably seat 500 persons. The church was regularly organized by a committee of the Presbytery of Pittsburgh, April 16, 1885, with twenty-three members, and W. J. Porter, J. D. Anderson and B. F. Bodders were elected elders. Rev. H. F. Easseman was ordained and installed pastor June 30, 1885; the pastoral relation was dissolved Dec. 31, 1886, and Rev. Mathew Rutherford was ordained and installed pastor June 14, 1887. The membership now is sixty-eighty. SCHOOLS, Phillipsburg has given attention, from the first, to the subject of schools. In addition to the efforts of the Lutherans to establish a seminary many years ago; and in addition to the successful career of the orphan school, whose history is ^iven in the previous portion of this sketch, a system of public schools has been built second to none in towns of like size, provided with suitable buildings and equipment. MISCELLANEOUS. The postoffice of the town is called " Water Cure," in memory of the old medical establishment and health resort, to prevent confusion, another Phillipsburg existing in the state. The office was established in 1856. Its postmasters have been, with date of their respective appointments — Clemens Baelz, Dec. 6, 1856; Anthony Knapper, Feb. 16, 1858; George Bechtel, May 16, 1877, and Michael Buckheit, Jan. 3, 1881. The population by the census of 1880 was 458. This number has been greatly increased by the establishment of the Phoenix Glass "Works. CHAPTER XXI. BOEOUGHS OF FREEDOM, ST. OLA IE AND BADEK FEEEDOM — Location — Founding of the Town — Boat Building — In- corporation — Condition in 1841 — Present Business Interests — Postmasters — Education — Societies — Churches — St. CLAIE — Lo- cation — Incorporation — Postoffice — Church — BADEN — Loca- tion — Description — Postoffice — School amd Churches. FREEDOM. THIS is another of Beaver county's boroughs which are favorably situated on the beautiful Ohio. It is on the northeast bank of the river, above and adjoining the borough of Eochester, along the line of the Pittsburg, Fort Wayne & Chicago Eailway. A large portion of the town is on the hillside, from which a magnificent view is had of the surrounding country up and down the river. The situation is described fully by the terra picturesque. Freedom was founded in 1832, by Stephen Phillips and Jonathan Betz, partners in steamboat building. How long Mr. Betz continued a partner is not known; but it must have been only a short time, for the firm name was Phillips & Graham the same year, as will be wit- nessed by the following item taken from the Beaver Argus for May, 1832: Rapid "Wokk. — Messrs. Phillips & Grraham purchased a tract of land [about one hundred acres — R.] from General Lacock, on the Ohio river, on Monday of last week, laid out a town on Tuesday, and built fourteen houses in four succeeding days. At this place they intend establishing their shipyard . Messrs. Phillips & Graham having sold their former site at Phil- lipsburg to Count De Leon and his associates, sought a new field near at hand. Hence they took the Lacock forest and converted it into a village of temporary homes for their employes. One of their hands who was with them both at Phillipsburg and Freedom, and assisted in the establishing of both villages, is still a resident of Beaver. Eefer- ence is made to Joseph Hall, father of Mrs. Anderson, of the Beaver House. 526 FREEDOM BOEOUGH. 52Y In a report, dated Freedom, October 1, 1832, and published in the Western Argus of the 19th of same month, are the following statistics (giving year, name of boat, and tons burden), relative to]|the work of Phillips & Graham at and near Phillipsburg: 1822: Pennsylvania, 130; Rambler, 130. 1823: Eclipse, 155; President, 330. 1824; Lafayette, 165; General Brown, 250; William Penn, 156. 1835: Bolivar, 160; General Wayne, 300; Liberator, 350; Paul Jones, 300. 1826: Pocahontas, 200; America, 350; Florida, 300; Columbus, 335; Echo, 150. 1827: Essex, 150; Lagrange, 150; Pitts- burgh and Wheeling Packet, 160; Red Rover, 40. 1828: Missouri, 160; Missouri f barge), 60; Potomac, 60, Phcenix, 300, Talma, 150. and Huron, 200, built by Graham & Rog- ers. 1839: Cora, ISO. 1830: New Jersey, 154; Gleaner, 60; Peruvian, 250; Canal-boat, 40; Hermit, 50; Louisville, 350; Carrollton, 200. 1831; Winnebago, 100; Antelope, 90; Michigan, 400; Mohawk, 550,-^ Transport, 130. By Phillips* Co., at Freedom.— 1832: Fame, 130; Comet, 100; Chester, 250; one on stocks, 350. Making a total of 8,165 tons, for which the firm charged $70 per ton, aggregating $571,550. Many of these boats were built for James Wood, of Pittsburgh, himself also a steamboat builder, and were used on the Ohio and and Mississippi rivers. From a map of JS^ew Brighton and its vicinity published by M. T. C. Gould in 1833, we learn that Freedom then contained forty dwell- ings, forty-seven families, and about 320 inhabitants. Its principal business then was done by the boat-builders and a distillery. Han-is' "Business Directory"' for 1837 gives the following figures as to the condition of the town at that time: Number of houses about one hundred, with a population of about six hundred, principally mechanics with their families. In addition to the steamboat yard, there was a foundry and steam-engine manufactory by J. Baker & Co., a large steam sawmiU, an extensive distillery and gristmill owned by J. Stahl & Co. The merchants at that date were — Phillips & McCon- nel]. Stiles & Fisher, Philip Bentel, John Donnan and J. W. Mead. The traveling public were accommodated by these inn-keepers: Samuel Farmer, J. W. Sarend and Thomas G. Kerr. Pulses were felt and tongues examined by Drs. "William Smith and T. F. Eobinson. The town was regularly incorporated April 16, 1838. At the June session of court, 1856, the burgess of the place, Samuel Uaker, and the ■council, consisting of D. S. Marquis, James McKee, James Van Kirk, Christian Holland and R. H. Hall, presented a petition to have the bor- ough placed under the provisions of the act of assembly of April 3, 1851. The Directory of Freedom for 1841 reveals the subjoined condi- tion of affairs: Burgess— Renvy Bryan. CowraciZ— William P. Phillips, Robert McCuskey, J. Hall, Isaac Ingraham, J. Steele, E. J. Duberry, clerk. Constable — Thomas Sutton. 528 HISTOEY OF BEAVER COUNTY. Merchants— P . Bentel, Benjamin Brown, Benville Brown. . . . Physicians— T . F. Robinson, Thomas Diclison. . . Justices— Thom&i G. Kerr, Martin Fisher. Motel-keepers— knihonj'WinA^sm, 8. B. Linn, J. A. Williamson, Crow's Bottom; J. Young, Swan Inn; John W. Snead, Freedom hotel; Samuel Turner. . . . Ship Garpen^ ters-y^m. P.Phillips, Robert McCaskey, Joseph Hall, Adam Graham, C. Graham, John Graham, J. Belts, S. Pliillips, Sr., W. Merryman, J. Shearer, Philip Hoover & Sons,. Daniel Skillinger & Sons, S. Phillips, Jr., J. A. Brown, Daniel Graham, Simon Gritz, Wm. Woods, Robert French, George Stoops, Joseph Grimes, Andrew Woods, Thomas- Crooks, Robert Hall and Isaac Grimes. . . . Carpenters— Isn&c Ingraham, Philip Stet- sell, John Hamilton. . . Engine Builders— 'E. J. Duberry, John D. Eakin, Charles- Anderson. . . . Blacki,m,iths—%a.mu&\ Coulter, H. C. Brant, R. Wagoner, N. P. Kerr. Distillers— DaYid Sneathen, Jacob Steele. . . . Boarding-house— Mrs. Fleming. Wagon makers— John Andrews, Jacob Schoifleberger, Israel Bentel .... Far- mers-Philip Vickery, A. Hall, Philip Grimes. . . . Laborers— J acoh Evans, Jesse Geer, Hugh Smith, Z. Y. Small. . . . Brewer— Louis Bpley. . . . Shoemakers— Christian Holland, Jacob Hill. John Hill. . . ©TOcer—Gotlieb Bentel . . Tailors — Richard Hall, F. Shoemaker. . . . GwasmiAs— Joseph Graham, Andrew Emery & Co. . . Engineer — Woolman Hunt. . Cabinetmaker — John C. Shoal. . . . Ston^-masons — Jacob Krout, David Martin. . . . Millwright — C. Myers. . . Coat DiVs'ey-i—W. Stil well, John G. Blake. . Pilot — James A. Sholes. . . Tin and Coppersmith — H. Bryan. . . Sea Captain — Wm. Vickery. . . . Butcher — S. Kim. TeamMer — Isaac Hessan . Freedom has the usual complement of ordinary business enter- prises. Its manufacturing interests at present are quite limited. Th& Economy Oil Worlcs, owned by Mellen, Shilton & Co., began refining oil about 187T, and are doing an extensive business in their line. The banking house of P. Bentel & Co. supplies the demands of the commercial public. It is a bank of deposit, and was established in February, 1872. The mail interests of Freedom have, since the establishment of the- place, been presided over by the following persons: Stephen Phillips,, appointed May 28, 1832; Wm. Smith, May 9, 1836; Thomas F. Eobin- son, March 6, 1840; Henry Bryan, April 30, 1844; Frederick Schu- macher, Sept. 25, 1845; William P. Phillips, Feb. 18, 1850; John Gra- ham, June 16, 1853; Wm. W. Kerr, March 13, 1861; Wm. D. Fisher, May 2.6, 1871; Thomas C. Kerr, Sept. 6, 1880; Francis M. Grim, Feb. 15, 1886. EDUCATIONAL. Freedom has always taken commendable interest in educational matters. In early days her people were concerned in the growth and prosperity of the Concord and Freedom academy, which, on the 5th of February, 1855, was by WiUiam Brown, Sr:, of Economy township, and. James McKee of the borough of Freedom, trustees, sold to Eev. John. FREEDOM BOROUGH. 529' Brown, Miss Ann Jane Brown, Henr}' Bryan, Thomas Neil, J. G. Ben- tel, James Buckley, Esq., and Henry Wolf, for the sum of $2,100. Like other institutions of a similar character, it finally succumbed to the inevitable, and passed from the stage of action. The present brick public school building of three rooms was erected about 1854, and has served a commendable purpose in the education of the youth of the community. SOCIETIES. Societies are sparsely represented in the borough. The close prox- imity of the boroughs of Freedom and Eochester, the latter of which is well represented by the fraternities, renders their existence some- what difficult and perhaps unnecessary in the place; and yet we take pleasure in chronicling two in good condition. Edith Lodge, No. 81S, I. 0. 0. F., of Freedom,, was instituted in the autumn of 1871 by William Bryan, deputy from the lodge at Bridgewater. Among its charter members were the following: Will- iam Bryan, George W. Meek, R. H. McCaskey, William Mohler, T. Y. Shelton, S. A. Craig and some six others whose names are not recalled. The chair of the N"oble Grand has been occupied by the following members: William Bryan, George W. Meek, Sylvester Morgan, Henry Holland, R. H. McCaskey, T. Y. Shelton, John Young, Henry Fresh, George Ryder, William H. Hooper, Thomas J. Cooper, William Em- rick, William Mohler, T. G. Grim, John Mohler, John Holland and Henry Mitchell. The corps of officers at present (Aug., 188Y,) is — Henry Mitchell, K G.; William Flugy, V G.; John Holland, P. G.; John Moh- ler, sec; J. G. Hillman, I. G.; William Emrick, O. G.; W. H. Hooper, R. S.; , L. S.; J. G. Hillman, treas.; Alex McGill, W.; John Mohler and W. H. Hooper, trustees. The lodge numbers thirty members, has a good hall worth $1,500 which it owns, and has about $800 on interest. It is in a prosperous condition. Freedom ^Post, No. Jfi7, Q. A. li., was instituted Jan. 17, 1884, by C. C. Townsend, mustering officer. It consisted of the following comrades: Ozias Reno, W. C. Holsinger, W. H. Smith, H. Metzger, George McCaskey, S. Hamilton, J. E. Holsinger, W. G. Jack, J. R. Lockhart, S. E. Holsinger, J. H. Palmer, F. Brandt, J. P. Brandt, C. Fehr, F. M. Grim, T. D. Grinnell, I.Cleveland and J. P. Lawall. Its camp-fires and bean-bakes have been enjoyable occasions. The present membership is twenty-seven. Its annual expenses for hall rent. 530 HISTORY OF BEAVEK COtTNTY. charities and incidentals are about $100 per year. The post is in excellent condition. CHUKCHES. Four congregations , seem to meet the demands of the church- going constituency of the place. The following is briefly their history as obtained from the most reliable sources accessible: The M. E. Church was organized in 1842 through the agency of James Beabout, local preacher, assisted by Gideon Kinnear and Enoch Fowler. Meetings were first held in private houses. The original members embraced the following: Thomas G. Kerr and wife, Thomas Keno and wife, Thomas Lutton aind wife, Samuel Coulter and wife, William White and wife, Simon Grim and wife, Joseph Craig and wife, and Jacob Cronk and wife. Of this number Mrs. Simon Grim is still living and is quite an aged lady. Thomas G. Kerr was engaged, at the time of the organization, with Eobert H. McCaskey in boat building, that business having been transferred from Phillipsburg some years previous. The first regular meeting-house was a frame school building, about 20 by 30 feet, one story in height. It is still standing and is used for worship by the Evangelical Association. The present structure is a frame, about 35 by 60 feet, with basement containing Sunday-school rooms. It was erected in 1842, and has been enlarged and remodeled once or twice. The first cost was some two thousand dollars, which sum has been augmented by repairs to the extent of $500. The building is a commodious and comfortable one. Among its earlier preachers were such men as Gideon Kinnear, Joshua Monroe, William F. Lauck, now superannuated and residing in Beaver; J. W. Baker and others whose names are not recalled. More recently, however, its spiritual interests have been guarded by John McCarty, E. B. Webster, E. M. Wood, Dr. Thomas Storer, Josiah Mansell, John Connor, Dr. D. L. Derapsey, Hill, 'Johnson (supply), and E. B. Grifiin, the present incumbent. The nominal mem- bership is 1T5, with a Sunday-school averaging 130. The Presbyterian Church was regularly organized May 9, 1843, by a committee of the Beaver Presbytery, consisting of the Eevs. Benjamin C. Critchlow and Arthur B. Bradford, and Elder James Cummings. It had eighteen members, Joseph Hall and Daniel Miller being the first ruling elders. A brick house of worship was erected soon after the organization, and still remains. ST. CLAIR BOROUGH. 531 The following is the succession of pastors. Rev. D. C. Eeed came in 1847 and remained about two years; John Brown, 1851-61; D. P. Lowary, 1863-65; James M. Smith, 1867-72; M. L. Wertman, 1872-80; V. G. Stewart, 1883-87. The following ministers supplied the congregation for a time, but were not regarded as regular pastors: Eev. John Launitz, 1861-62; William McKinney, 1865-66; E. B. Porter, 1881-82; D. L.Dickey' 1882-83. The The Evangelical Association of Freedom was organized about 1844 by Christian Holland and wife, John Hill and wife, Jacob Hill and wife, George Bentel and wife, John Oinkorn and wife, Erasmus Kreps and wife, Martin Circle and wife, and Martin and wife. Preaching, for a time, was in private houses and such other places as could be had. The organization now owns and uses the school building which was for a time occupied by the Methodist church. Its preachers have been the same as those serving the Eochester Evangeli- cal church, to which the reader is referred. The Evangelical Lutheran Church of Freedom was organized about 1848 or 1850. Some of its original members were John Hartman and wife, Philip Bentel and wife, Conrad Brandt and wife, and this num- ber was soon thereafter increased by the addition of JohnMenzel, Eliza Menzel and others. A good house of worship was erected about the time of the organization of the church, which is still in use. The changes in the pastorate were quite frequent, embracing such ministers as the Eevs. P. Bowern, Hefflinger, Frank Miller and the present incumbent, F. E. C. Lempke, who has been in charge for about nine or ten years. ST. CLAIR. This village is properly an annex to the borough of Freedom, being separated by only a small run. It was laid out by Captain William Yicary in March, 1837, and is sometimes called " Vieary Extension." It was incorporated as a borough by decree of the court March 25, 1867. The first election was held April 20, 1867, Jonathan Paul acting as judge, and James Eeed and James Harkins as inspectors. Its postoffice is Freedom. The population in 1880 was 289. There is but one church in the place. The Trinity Evangelical Lutheran Church of St. Clair is a child of the Evangehcal Lutheran church of Freedom. Owing to certain dis- satisfaction, certain members withdrew from the parent congregation, 532 HISTORY OF BKAVEB COUNTY. and organized the new congregation beyond the limits of the borough -of Freedom, in 1869. Its oh irter members embraced John Mink, Con- rad Brandt,'jacob Brandt, John Hagen, Charles Bischoffberger and Harry Mink, and their families; also George Moore, Charles Moore, Peter Klein and Charles Sack. The house— a frame structure erected at time of organization— and the ground cost $2,000. The bell itself cost $199.99. The congregation has been served by the following pastors: Charles Frank, who organized it; Jacob Wiihelm, G. J. Miller and Fred Wambsgansz. It has some fifty members. BADEN. This borough is situated in the western part of Economy township, on the Ohio river, along the line of the P. Ft. W. & C. R K. It was surveyed May 17, 1838, by William McCallister, and the plat regularly recorded April 20, 1839, by the proprietor, Christian Burckhardt. The plan of the town included 104 lots. The names of the streets parallel with the Ohio river are — Water, State, Jefferson, Milton and Liberty; at right angles — Phillips, Pinney, Schiller, Kotteck and Lessing. It will be observed that German, English and American notables are duly honored in the names of thoroughfares. Baden has developed into a productive gas field, a number of wells having been successfully opened within the past. The gas thus -obtained is piped to neighboring towns and districts, becoming a source of revenue to the borough. A postoflice was established in April, 1852. The postmasters from that time to the present have been the following : David Ander. son, appointed April 1, 1852; John Nichols, July 29, 1861; Charles Brown, Feb. 25, 1863; John Y. Marks, Feb. 17, 1864; Isaac Grim, Oct. 6, 1870; Leonard J. Berry, Deo. 9, 1870. The population of Baden in 1880 was 400. The town is supplied with a public school which provides the elements of an education to its patrons. The moral instruction of the people is furnished by two churches. The Methodist Episcopal congregation was established in 1858, largely through the instrumentality and liberality of Mrs. Sallie Logan a widowed member of the Freedom congregation, who died at Free- dom in the autumn of 1885, upwards of seventy years of age. The house of worship, a one-story frame, was erected at the time of the organization at a cost of |1,000. With the exception of one or two years, its preachers have been the same as those who officiated at Free- dom; for a list of which reference is made to the article on Freedom BADEN BOROUGH. 533 borough in the early part of this chapter. Its membership is about fifty; that of the Sunday-school some thirty-five. Christ EvangelicaL Lutheran churcli was organized about the year 1859, by Eev. W. A. Passavant, D.D.,« now of Pittsburgh, whose name has been referred to so frequently in the cliapter on Eochester. He preached for a time in the Methodist house of worship, and then in the school-house. From the date of the organization to July, 1887, he and his son, Rev. W. A. Passavant, Jr., did all the preaching for the congre- gation. Commencing with his installation July T, 1887, a new pastor. Rev. P. M. Smith, has had charge of its spiritual interests. Some of the original members of the congregation were — John Kennedy and wife, Mr. Deardorfif and wife, William Miller, John McKey and family, and Mrs. Barbara Neely, son and his wife, and two daughters. The house is a one-story frame structure, 30 by 50 feet. It was erected in 1861 by Herring & Forsythe at a cost of $1,500. The present membership is fifty-five, The Sunday-school, under the super-, intendency of Alexander T. Forsythe, has an enrollment of 100. From this congregation have sprung three similar organizations: 1. "The House of Prayer," in 1870, at Logstown, across the Ohio xiver; it is a small congregation. 2. "Rehoboth," in Economy town, ship, four miles from Baden, in 1873, with a present membership of forty; it has a fiourishing Sunday-school. 3. "House of Mercy," on Crow's Run, New Sewickley township, four miles northeast of Baden, in 1879; it has about fifty members, with a Sunday-school of eighty pupils under the supervision of Alexander T. Forsythe. All these churches belong to the same charge, and are under the same pastor. OHAPTEK XXII. BOEOUGHS OF DAKLINGTON AND GLASGOW. DAELINGTON— Location— Settlement — Laying Out of the Town — Derivation of Name — Business Interests — Incorpoeation — Post- office AND Postmasters — Geeersburg Academy — Societies — Churches— GLASGOW — Location — Laying Out of the Town — George Dawson — First Houses — Incoepoeation,Etc. — Schools and Churches — Societies — Miscellaneous. DARLINGTON. THE borough of Darlington is located in Darlington township, in the extreme northwestern portion of the county. It is situ- ated on Little Beaver creek, and on the line of what used" to be the great thoroughfare between Cleveland and Pittsburgh. Through it runs the Pittsburgh, Marion & Chicago Railroad, and from it extend wao-on-roads leading to Beaver, Beaver Falls, New Castle and adjoining towns. Immediately surrounding it are numerous small ranges of hills, rising gradually from the valley in which Darlington nestles. These^ hills are covered for the most part with timber, and the scene presented by them when, clothed in the many-hued garments of autumn foliage, they look down upon the little village at their base, is pleasing and beautiful. The vaUey in which Darlington is situated was first settled in 1Y94. shortly after General Wayne's treaty of peace with the Indians. In that year came'Eobert McMinn, with his family, who settled on a farm now occupied by A. H. Anderson. Following him arrived Major John Martin, who came from the eastern portion of the state. In due time appeared the Sproats, Boyds, Imbries, McClymonds, Hugheses, Scroggses, Semples, Dill worths, Eeeds, Gillilands and many others, who settled in the neighborhood of the present town of Darlington. Within twenty years after the advent of the first white man there had sprung up quite a settlement. Churches were built and regular relig- ious services held. As early as the autumn of 1798 the Presbyterians 534 DAELINGTON BOROUGH. 537 had organized themselves into the Mt. Pleasant congregation'. The effects of this cooperation became plainly manifest in the attempts at education which were made. Eev. Thomas Hughes agitated the need of an institution until Greersburg academy was organized. He himself taught the young of the settlement in his private house. Three broth- ers named Eeed entered the region and engaged in instructing the chil- dren of the neighboring families. Their efforts were seconded by the heads of households, and by the pioneer ministers, until a few years found a community Avell organized and well started on the pathway toward social content. The town was laid out May 13, 1804, by General Abner Lacock, on land owned by Thomas Sproat, William Martin and John Greer. The plan embraced four blocks square, sixteen blocks in all, with eight lots to the block, thus making a total of 128 lots. The streets were num- bered from First to Fifth, commencing at the west and going east. Counting from north to south were Morris, Market and Plumb. Mar- ket and Third streets are each 55 feet wide, while the others are but 50 feet in width. The lots wer& 66 by 140 feet in dimensions. No copy of the original plat is believed to be now in existence. The name by which Darlington was originally known was Greers- hurg. Its derivation is quite interesting. The town was laid out, it will be remembered, on land belonging to three men — William Martin, Thomas Sproat and George Greer. When the question of designating the new village arose, each expressed some desire of exercising that privilege; and it was decided to draw cuts, as being the most speedy and the most impartial method of adjusting the matter. This was therefore done, and the honor fell to George Greer, who accordingly ■called it Greersburg. By this name it was known until April 6, 1830, when the title was changed by act of assembly to Darlington,* in * The following letter, furnished by Mr. George P. Smith, of Philadelphia, will throw some light on the change of name: Philadelphia, Oct. 18, .1887. •George P. Smith, Esq., My Dear Hir: — I am aware of your fondness and taste for historical lore. I will relate a trifling incident which occurred between the years 1817 and 1843, when I was a resident of Pittsburgh, Pa: In or about 1831 I had a customer who bought goods of me regularly and paid promptly, his name being David Gilliland, a merchant of Greersburg, Beaver Co. , Pa. ; at the time above he was in the city making purchases, and his business called him home before his invoices could be made or goods shipped. The next day I shipped goods and mailed invoice to his address, " Greersburg, Pa." In a few days I received a letter from him saying his invoice had not reached him. At once I sent him a duplicate. In a few days I received from him a note not very complimentary to my business standing. I sent him a third duplicate, and there the matter rested until he came in person. On his entering the store I saluted him cordially, and asked at once if his invoices had reached 39 538 HISTOEY OF BEAVEE COUNTT. honor of a Pittsburgh merchant of that name, who was well known and well liked in the community. The reason for this was that the old designation was greatly confused with that of the town of Greensburg, mail intended for the former place being frequently sent to the latter. Darlington of to-day is not the Darlington of past times. In the old staging days, when the entire traffic between Cleveland and Pitts- burgh was carried on backs of pack-horses or in the early, lumbering stage-coach, there was quite a boom in Darlington business. The place was a relay and supply station for all important stages passing from the region about Pittsburgh to the northern portion of Pennsylvania. The inns which had the monopoly of the trade from this source carried on a thriving business. Stores of general merchandise w-ere opened on every street, and everything bore an air of activity. Among the early business men were David Gilliland, Stewart Boyd and Joseph Quid- ley, general store-keepers; David Prow, mill-keeper; Jacob Striby, clock maker; John McClymonds, tailor, and Stephen Todd, shoemaker; the latter was also postmaster. The arrival of the railroad and the discontinuance of the stages caused a general decline in Darlington's business interests. From this the town has never rallied. It has now four general mechandise stores, two drug stores, two millinery shops, two hotels, two boot and shoe stores, one telegraph and express office, two carriage works, one marble works, several blacksmith shops, one barber shop, one livery stable, one bar, besides transient enterprises, such as notion wagons, photograph galleries, etc. The borough was incorporated March 28, 1820. Its population is now estimated at four hundred. By the census of 1880 it was 247. POSTOFFICE AND POSTMASTERS. The postoffice of Darlington was established in 1831. Previous to that time no regular office had been maintained. Mail had been distributed from Beaver by carriers. Following is a list of the various Mm. " No," he answered rather gruffly. I took him to the counting-room, opened my letter-book, and asked him to read. He at once seemed glad, and exonerated me from any neglect of my duty. A suggestion came to my mind which I named to him. He seemed pleased with the idea. Greersburg and Greensburg are so much alike that I thought the mistake belonged to the postoffice in Pittsburgh. I wrote to Postmaster S. Drum, Greensburg; the next mail brought the missing letters and contents. Mr. Gilh- land, on seeing them, expressed great comfort, because it restored all kindly feelings for myself. I told him that it would be well to change the name of their town, that I knew of no town by the name "Darlington," and that that change might be satisfactory to all interested. He seemed deli.ghted, remarking, " I will see what can be done on my return home, and report to you." Some months after (sometime in 1832) I learned of the change ' ' Darlington " f or " Greersburg . " Very respectfully yours, Samuel P. Dablingston. DARLINGTON BOEOUGH. 539 postmasters who have held the office, with date of appointment: Stephen Todd, Feb. 12, 1831; Samuel E. Dunlap, Dec. 28, 1831; Will- iam Dunlap, Feb. 18, 1837; John McClymonds, Dec. 15, 1840; Samuel R Dunlap, June 14, 1S45; John McClymonds, May 15, 1849; John E. Frazier, July, 23, 1861; Alex. McCrawford, Nov. 4, 1863; Miss Mary J. McMinn, Dec. 28, 1866. GEEEESBUEG ACADEMY. This institution, the oldest one of the kind in the county, owes its origin to Eev. Thomas Hughes. At a meeting of the Presbytery of Erie, of which he was moderator, he brought up the subject of establishing an institution for the training of youth, and gave in detail a plan he had long considered for the organization and control of such a school. This meeting was held in the Mount Pleasant Presbyterian church of Greersburg, April 13, 1802, and from its minutes the follow ing is copied: Presbytery proceeded to take into consideration the necessity of a seminary of learning being instituted within their bounds, for the education of youtli. Besolmd, To give their aid to erect an academy at Greersburg, and to solicit the aid of their respective charges. Proceedings were immediately made for its erection, as the date of 1802 cut in a stone in the wall will show. The legislature of Penn- sylvania passed an act Feb. 24, 1806, establishing the nevf school as Greesburg academy; but the building was not occupied until after this date. The small sum necessary to its erection was very slowly raised. Eev. Hughes made frequent journeys through the country, at one time proceeding as far as Boston, in search of aid for the new enterprise. The first board of trustees was not chosen until 1806 it consisted of Eev. John McPherrin, Eev. George M. Scott, Eevi Thomas E. Hughes, Eev. "William "Wick, Eev. James Sheterfield, Eev. Nicholas Pittenger, Caldwell Semple, Alexander "Wright, David Potter, Dr. Samuel Adams, John Beer, George Dill worth, "William Scott, Joseph Pollock and Hugh Hagarty. During the administration of Eev. Hughes the school was large and flourishing. There was no competitor nearer than Cannonsburg. From an old register the following names of pupils attending in the years 1816, 1817 and 1818 have been obtained: Eobert Dillworth, John Hughes, "Watson Hughes,- John Sterrel, Joseph Harper, Abram Bryson, Joseph Eeed, Daniel McClain, E. Bleachley, James Floy, John Hunter, Thomas Anderson, Hugh Martin, Eobert McKaig, George Calhoon, 540 HISTORY OF BEAVER COUNTY. James Campbell, James Clark, John Cunningham, Thomas Espy, Mor- gan Fulks, William Harra, Isaac Peppard, Samuel Eeed, Samuel Sproat, Eobert Felson, Enoch Heaton, James Hay, and Charles Murry. A curious regulation was passed during Dr. Hughes' charge. It related to diet, and was Besolved, That breakfast shall consist of coffee and bread, ^ith butter; that dinner shall consist of bread and meat, or potatoes; and supper, of bread and milk. The second principal was Eev. George Scott, D.D., who remained in charge several years. The success of the school afterward varied for a long time, alternating from one extreme to the opposite. In 1883 the old building was disposed of to the P. M. & C. Eailroad, who con- verted it into a station-house. With the money secured from this source, together with private contributions, a two-story brick structure was erected, in which the academy has since continued. It is now in charge of the principal, F. A. Judd, who has conducted it with good success. The officers are— Kev. Samuel Patterson, president of board; Kev. H. ]Sr. Potter, sec; S. S. McClure, treas., and members, Hon. I. F. Mansfield, R. G. Cook, A. H. Anderson, A. S. Eeed, S. G. Caughey and Eev. George McElheny. The course of study embraces classical, scientific, normal and preparatory departments. The influence which this institution has wielded has not been con- fined to Beaver county. Although within this limit its effects are beyond comprehension, yet upon the state have they been also felt. Here received their early training such men as Eev. Eobert DiUworth, D.D., Eev. W. H. McGuffey, D.D., LL.D., author of the popular series of readers bearing his name; General John W. Geary, ex -governor of Pennsylvania; John Brown, of Harper's Ferry fame, and many others of more or less reputation. It has been claimed that the late C. L. Vallandigham, of Ohio, once entered the academy. This is a mistake, as the following from the Beaver Argus will show: It is true that Beaver county has been and is yet the birthplace of ' ' men of mark " and " women of note." Sometimes it occurs, however, that unjust claims are made, as for instance, when it Is asserted that among the number of distinguished men who received their primary training at the Greensburg academy was the late Clement L. Vallandigham, of Ohio. To settle this question, the county historian, J. Fraise Rich- ard, addressed both the son and the brother of Mr. Vallandigham. Prom the brother. Rev. J. L. Vallandigham, the following decisive answer was received: "Newark, Dbi,., May 31, 1887. " Professor J. Fkaisb Richard — Dear Sir: — Yours of the 80th just received, and in reply I will say that Clement L. Vallandigham received the whole of his prepar- atory training in New Lisbon academy under the instruction of his father and myself, DARLINGTON BOROUGH. 541 an older brother. He then entered the junior class at Jefferson college, and there com- pleted his education . Very truly yours, J. L. Vallandigham." The immediate results of Greersburg academy upon Darlington are found in the reverence and regard manifested by every aged pitizen -whose early training had been received within the walls of this institu- tion, when mention is made of the fact. The tenderest memories cling about it, recollections of early-formed friendships, and of associations never renewed. SOCIETIES. Meridian Lodge, Wo. lf.ll, F. and A. M., was instituted Dec. 27, 1867. Its first members were as follows: Samuel Reed, Thomas P. Marshall, John I. Paul, James Fowler, John A. John- son, William Mahan, H. M. Donaldson, Arthur B. Bradford, Jr., Thomas J. Bartram, James Kane, John C. Lewis, John W^han, Christian Camp, Edward Close, Jacob Marks, William T. Young, William F. Barnes, David A Robertson, David R. Magaw, Samuel M. Lawrence, Robert J. Stinson, Samuel W. Tunkhouser, John Graebing, Sr., Dr. William C. Sherlock, Robert A. Cochrane, David Johnston, Jr., Henry Sechrist, Will- iam J. Hites, Daniel H. Ridgeway, William Brooks, George Touts, Walker C. Dun- lap, William P. Mitchell, William T. Sherlock, John McCowen, AmosE. Cole, Frank C. Clarke, Samuel Woody, John McCleeny, Dr. E. A. Heptburn, Jonah S. Whan, Francis B. Hodge, James Strock, William E. Logan, John Graebing, Jr., T. M. White, George W. McCartney, Thomas S. Cook, Joseph Newell, William A. Sawyer, George R. Watt, A. I. Lawrence, Ernest Herwig, George A. Graebing, John Kane, Robert M. Martin, John Harvey, Samuel R. Dunlap, John Dillan, William T. David- son, George Britton, Thomas M. Bennett, R. A. Steen, Lorenzo D. Dillon, William H . Knight, James Hudson . The present officers are as follows: George W. Dickson, W. M.; Frank White, S. W.; Joseph Kelso, rec; I. F. Mansfield, J. W.; H. S. Delap, S. D.; Edward Grim, J. D.; B. A. Vance, D.; John S. Whan, Sr. M. of C. ; Hugh Ferguson, Jr. M. of C. The first place of meeting was in the Duston building, now occu- pied by Mr. George Youts as a carriage manufactory. The proprietor of this, Mr. Youts, was the first mason installed in Darlington. The meetings are held on the first Friday of every month in Duff's hall. Dan Zeasure Post, No. li.0'2, Cr. A. R., was organized Dec. 20, 1883, under the name of Darlington post. The present name was adopted Dec. 18, 1886. The charter members of the post were : I. F. Mansfield, James R. Caughey, Thompson McCowen, David Vankirk, Thomas S. Cook, B. A. Vance, Robert Davidson, A. J. Welsh, John Nicely, James H. Scott, Hiram Whittenberger, J. A. Anderson, John Nixon, Thomas Watt, Emory 54:2 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. Swaggers, W. H. Anderson, John C. Dillworth, William Vankirk, William Little, Stephen Nicely, Joseph T. Steen, Archie Vankirk. The first officers were as follows: I. F. Mansfield, C; A. J. Welsh, S. V. C; William Little, J. V. C; Thomas S. Cook, chaplain; B. A. Vance, surgeon; J.R.Caughey, Q. M. ; Stephen Nicely, O. D.; W. H. Anderson, O. G.; Thomas Watt, adj.; John Nicely, S. M.; Robert David- son, Q. M. S. The present officers are the following: W. H. Anderson, C; Thomas Watt, S. V. C; T. S. Cook, J. V..C.; John Nicely, chap.; J A. Anderson, sur.; J. B. Hanna, Q. M.; Samuel Henry, O. D.; J. R. Caughey, O. G.; A. J. Welsh, adj. The place of meeting is in the G. A. E. hall, and the time is on the first and third Saturdays of each month. The present membership is thirty-five. In the three townships of Darlington, Big Beaver and South Beaver there were two companies formed — company K, 10th Pennsyl- vania Eeserves, and company D, 1 00th PennsylvaniaYolunteers — which went from Beaver county in 1861. In memory of the fallen heroes of these two companies the post determined to erect a monument. This was undertaken, the money raised, and the dedication accomplished all in one year. The exercises, consisting of an oration by Colonel Ash- worth, of Pittsburgh, music, presentation of a silk fiag by the ladies of Darlington, and lecture by Colonel Hazzard, took place Sept. 1, 1887. The statue, representing a volunteer, with musket and knapsack, standing erect upon a pedestal of white marble, is of white bronze, and cost $Y12.50. The total expense of the monument, grounds and exerr cises was over $1,200. The location of the statue is on the public square in front of the depot in Darhngton. CH0ECHES. Mt. Pleasant Presbyterian Church. The inception of this congre- gation, the oldest in the county north of the Ohio, it is claimed, dates back to the last six years of the previous century. The immigration that began to enter as early as 1791, and that increased rapidly during the few years following that date, was composed mostly of Scotch-Irish families, and among them were numbered many of the Presbyterian faith. Says the present pastor, Kev. H. N. Potter, to whom we are indebted for these facts, in an anniversary sermon delivered July 2, 1876: The war-whoop' of the Indian was still heard, and his war-path traced, at the DA.ELINGTON BOEOUGH. 543 time of their coming. There were a number of pious families in this settlement, and feeling the importance of the regular ministry they applied to Dr. McMillan, and other of the pioneer ministers, to send one of their young men to settle among them as their pastor. Dr. William S. Plumer, son of William Plumer, one of tMe first ruling elders of this church, tells the following facts that were handed down by family traditions : A remarkable revival of religion occurred' in this church and community before there was any minister settled in the congregation. It took place in the winter of the year 1798-99, shortly before Mr. Hughes settled here as pastor. It began and was car- ried on without the presence of any minister of the gospel. The meeting was called " Holding Society." The revival was a work of great power; nearly all the young peo- ple in the Presbyterian families were subjects of, this glorious work, or were much affected by it. Three boys, living at a distance of more than twelve miles, walked through deep snow while it was yet falling that they might see and partake of this great blessing. This church was organized in the autumn of the year 1798 by the Presbytery of Ohio. Who it was that was instrumental in getting up the petition by which an organi- zation was asked, and who were the committee that organized this church, and why they gave it the name of Mt. Pleasant, we have not been able to learn. Mr. William Plumer, Robert Clark and Robert Bovard were the first ruling elders, and we would suppose were the prime movers in the organization. The first place of preaching was on the banks of the Little Beaver creek, about one mile east of Darlington, then called Greersburg, upon or near the grounds of the present graveyard. The church edifice was built of logs, covered with clapboaads, and seated with logs or puncheons with legs. Such a luxury as a fire was unknown in this primitive church building. The exact date of the erection of this structure I have not been able to obtain, but it was not long after the organization. The congregation remained in it some eight or nine years. It was then determined to erect a new building. A location was selected in a grove a short distance east of Darlington, where John McCowen's house now stands. Land to the extent of five acres was donated by John Martin. The building was not completed for three years, the services being held during summer in a tent, and during winter in the academy. The structure was a frame 40 by 60 feet, and Avas occupied until 1861, when the present building was erected. The first pastor was Rev. Thomas Edgar Hughes, who was installed Aug. 28, 1799. He was born in York county. Pa., his parents having at an early date immigrated from Wales. About one year after the birth of their son his parents removed to Washington county, where young Thomas was reared amid the religious influences of his pious parents and of Dr. John McMillan, their pastor. It was by the minis- try of the latter that Rev. Hughes was converted, July 16, 1787. From that moment he determined to devote his life to the ministry. He placed himself under private instruction in the elements of an edu- cation, entered the academy at Cannonsburg, graduated from the col- lege of 'New Jersey in 1797, and after a theological course under his old pastor, Dr. McMillan, was licensed to preach Oct. 17, 1798. He mar- 544: HISTORY OF BEATER COUNTY. ried Miss Mary Donehey, May 6, 1799, and entered upon his pastorate at Darlington or, as it was then called, Greersburg, in August of the same year. In tlje church he was noted for his grave demeanor, but was not severe in his austerity, being kind and loving to those about him. Under his charge the congregation increased in numbers and in religious zeal. Several revivals took place which greatly strengthened the people in their faith, one in particular during the winter of 1801-2, being noted for its good results. In the cause of education Rev. Hughes took an active part. Very early during his stay in Greersburg he debated the idea of having some sort of school in the place, and, it is said, actually opened one himself in an old log cabin. In the year 1802 Eev. Hughes called the attention of the Presbytery to the need of a proper academy for the training of the young, and the action they took in establishing the Greersburg academy was due chiefly to his efforts. The relations he bore to the church were dissolved Dec. 19, 1830, when he removed to Wellsville, Ohio, where, after serving the church for a few years, he was called to rest May 2, 1838, aged sixty-nine years and twenty-five days. He was followed in Darlington by Kev. William D. Smith, who remained from April 15, 1835, to June 29, 1836. The succession of pastors thereafter have been as follows: Rev. William J. Gileson, D.D., June, 1838, to Dec, 1838; Arthur B. Bradford, Oct., 3, 1839, to June 33, 1847 ; R. S. Morton, June 14, 1848, to March U, 1851 ; J. W. Johnston, Jan. 11, 1853, to April 15, 1857; A. "W. Boyd, 1860 to 1865; Albert Dillworth, 1865 to 1870, and Rev. Henry N. Potter, the present pastor, who was installed Feb. 3, 1871. Following is a list of the successive elders: Robert Clark, William Plumer and Robert Bovard were the first elders. The first additions were— George Dillworth, John Martin, Caldwell Semple and David Kirkpat- rick. The next— John Beer, Joseph Dillworth, William Semple and Thomas Dun- lap. The next— Stephen Todd, Robert Leonard. Thomas Bradshaw and Samuel Fields. Then follow Richard Lewis, James Smart, Andrew Boyd, John Rayl, Benoni Wilkin- son, Andrew Cole, Samuel Wells, William Barclay, David Boyd, Richard Porter, Ship- man Newkirk, David Ferguson, Samuel Ross, William M'Lane, Josephus McMillan, Samuel Henry, and the present ones, Alex. H. Anderson, Ira F. Mansfield, Ethan T. Brittain and James T. McQuaid. The condition of the church, after so much varying fortune, is now good, and its future secure. The membership now numbers 225; a large Sabbath-school is maintained; and besides the church building, a large parsonage belongs to the congregation. Jiockij Spring Congregation. From its present pastor, Eev. Samuel Patterson, the following facts are obtained: According to the most GLASGOW BOROUGH. 545 reliable information to be had, this congregation was organized about 1827 by the Presbytery of Monongahela, in connection with the Asso- ciate Keformed Presbyterian church. Its worship at first was conducted in a tent which was pitched about one a half miles west of the present village of Homewood. A short time afterward a frame church was built a mile still farther west in which the congregation worshiped until the spring of 1868, when it entered its new house built the previous year in the town of New Gali- lee. The cost of the new building, completed and furnished, was. about $8,000. It compares favorably with modern church buildings. The first pastor was Pev. Moses Keer. After a brief service in such capacity, he was removed by death. The next was Pev. T. L. Speer, who remained with the church until 1843, giving his time equally to Pocky Spring and New Brighton. From that date to the first Sunday of May, 1849, a vacancy occurred, the presbytery sending supplies as it deemed best. On the last date mentioned, Pev. Samuel Pattei"son preached his first pastoral discourse. At that time it bore on its rolls some eighty members. It grew gradually until its membership reached 180. By reason of deaths and removals, however, the present membership does not exceed 150. The congregation is in a good healthy working condition, both spiritually and financially. The United Presbyterian Congregation was organized in 1800. Its former name was Brush Pun United Presbyterian church. Its pastors have been Pev. J. Duncan, 1800^; G. Imbrie, 1806-42; B.F.Sawyer, 1844-60; and H. Sturgeon, the present minister, who began his pastor- ate in 1862. The membership is 120. The present edifice, a neat brick structure, was built a few years ago, succeeding the old frame, which had been erected in 1848. The Darlington congregation is the mother of many offsprings^ who have taken up the good work and thus extended the influence of the parent congregation. GLASGOW. This little borough is situated in Ohio township at the mouth of Little Beaver. It lies wholly on the north side of the Ohio river^ nearly opposite Georgetown, and occupies the tract between Smith's Ferry and the Ohio state line. During heavy floods in the river, as in 1884, it is subject to temporary overflows. The town was laid out Oct. 22, 1836, by Sanford C. Hill, sur- veyor, on the land of George Dawson, the founder of the place. Mr- .'546 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COTTNTT. Dawson owned a tract of some four hundred acres which is now occu- pied by his oldest son, Benoni, an aged and respected resident of the com- munity. George Dawson had six children, five sons and one daughter, viz : Benoni, still living on the farm; Nicholas, at present residing in Houston, Texas, to whom $1,100 was bequeathed on condition that ■he was not in the rebel army during tiie late war; James and Hawkins, both deceased; William, still living, and Eliza, deceased. He died in 1860. The village, laid out on account of the importance then attached to the Sandy and Beaver canal, has streets sixty and alleys twenty feet in width. The names of streets parallel with the Ohio river — Front and Liberty; those at right angles, commencing with the old canal — Main, Custom House, Market and Exchange. The lots, except those around the diamond, are 50 by 100 feet. The first house built after the town was laid out was that of Job Harvey; the second that of John Bunton, in which he kept a store; and the third that of John McFall, w^hich is still occupied by him as a residence. Application was made at the June session, 1853, for incorporation. The matter was taken under consideration, and, the charter granted Oct. 12, 1854, since which time the place has been legally known as the "borough of Glasgow." The first election for borough officers was held at the house of Alfred McFall, on the third Saturday of Novem- ber, 1854, Jesse McGraw acting as judge, and John A. Hays and Uriah Smith as inspectors. Subsequent elections were fixed for the third ■Saturday of March in each year. Glasgow has excellent shipping facilities. Though the canal has become defunct, the building of the Cleveland & Pittsburgh Eailroad has more than compensated for the loss. The Ohio river has given the place connection with the business world in all directions. SCHOOLS AND CHURCHES. The people early gave attention to schools and churches. The interest in education has been manifested by the erection of suitable buildings, in which to give adequate elementary instruction to the youth of the community. The Presbyterian Church was established in Glasgow largely through the instrumentality of George Dawson, who was an elder from the date of its organization in 1849 to the day of his death. He donated the ground on Avhich the structure stands, and contributed lib- erally of his means for the erection of the house of worship, which was completed in the autumn of 1849 at an expense of some $700. GLASGOW BOEOUGII. 547 Some of its early members were George Dawson and family, James Thompson and wife, Evan Frazier, David Keed, Matilda Eeed, James Logan, Massy Logan, Nancy Marquis, Samuel Stevenson, ISTancy Ann Stevenson, Maria C. Eeed, James H. Eeed, Daniel Cloud, Agnes Cloud, Mary Cloud and Eliza Marcus. The first mention of the congregation anywhere occurs in a petition dated June, 1849, to tlie N"ew Lisbon Presbytery, to be organized. The records since then are imperfect, so that but a partial view of Avliat has been done by its membership can be given. In the pastorate have been the following preachers — Eev. William Eeed, in 1849; how long he continued is not known: Eev. "William Gaston occupied the pulpit from 1861 to 1866, the period of the civil war; his congregations were not unfrequently disturbed by reports of the approach of the enemy: Eev. E. T. McMafaan and Eev. E. S.Mor- ton succeeded him in the work: The present incumbent is Eev. James Swan. The first elders were chosen Jan. 4, 1850, viz : George Dawson, James Thompson, Daniel Cloud and James Logan. The Ifethodist Episcopal Church of Glasgow belongs, Avith that of ■Ohioville, to the Smith's Ferry charge. The charge was organized at Glasgow and Ohioville in 1867, by Eev. G. A. Lomand. At the time of the organization the Glasgow congregation had only twelve members. In this number were John McFall, Job Harvey, Alfred McFall, Dr. Grafton and others. For several years services were conducted in the school house. In 1874 a plain wooden structure was erected at a cost of |1,200 or $1,500. This was replaced in 1884 with a neat frame, 40 by 60 feet, costing $3,500. In 1880 a parsonage was built at an expense of $1,600. It is said to be the neatest in the district, excepting those found in the large towns and cities. The excitement connected with the establishing and burning of oil refineries and the great flood of Febraary, 1884, have caused spiritual interests to ebb and flow. The congregation has a nominal membership ■of about ninety, and in the language of an official representative, who, perhaps, takes a pessimistic view, is " weak and not prospering." The pastoral guidance of this plant has been maintained by G. A. Lomand, E. Hopkins, F. D. Fast, G. B. Wallis, D. M. Stafford, J. L. Stiffey, E. M. Wood, L. H. Eaton, G. W. Eighter, A. L. Kendall and W. Johnson, the present incumbent. The same pastors, of course, have ■officiated at Ohioville. 548 HISTORY OF BEAVEB JCOUNTY. SOCIETIES. Glasgow Has not neglected to cultivate the fraternities. Its orders are represented as follows : Glasgow Lodge, No. 1,85, A. T. M., was constituted Feb. 2, 1871,. by B. H. Henderson, D. D. G. M., with ten charter members. The first corps of oflBcers consisted of — A. J. Pettit, W. M. ; John Morton, S. W. ; W. J. Glenn, J. W. ; John Cegley, treas. ; W. M. Marshall, sec. Since that time the W. M.'s chair has been occupied by D. M. Erwin, Amos Dawson, F. L. Minsinger, Harry J. Boyd, Job Dawson,. John W. McFarren, Eeed McFall and John S. Ashbrook ; the treasur- er's chair by William L. Kail, Benjamin Dawson, William D. Williams and Harvey Wallace ; the secretary's by William M. Marshall, John Morton, W. C. Chase, A. J. Pettit, Rude McFall, John S. Ashbrook and Harry J. Boyd. The lodge owns a brick building, bought in 1872 for $1,200. It was built in 1837. The membership numbers thirty-seven- The general condition is one of peace and prosperity. Line Island Lodge, No. H2, I. 0. 0. F., was instituted Dec. 2, 1870, by David Woodruff, D. D. G. M., of Beaver county, assisted by Past Grands William Hurst, J. S. Darragh, S. H. Darragh, William Barnes, J. S. Moorberger and C. Maston. The charter members were — John Morton, Henry Camp, Charles Hade, Frank McCarty and Sam- uel G. Ferren. Of these Morton was N. G.; Camp, Y. G.; Ferren, sec; A. J. Eeynojds, treas. The lodge meets in Masonic Hall erected in 1848. It has a mem- bership of twenty-five, and is maintained at an annual expense of sixty dollars. Its financial condition is good, some eight hundred dollars being invested in interest-bearing funds. At this time (1887) Frank Wright is E". G.; Joseph Hays, Y. G.; J. W. McCormick, sec, and W. D. Williams, treas. Line Island Lodge may properly be called the parent of Safe Harbor, No. 799, Industry; Mill Creek Yalley, No. 842, Hookstown, and West Salem, No. 892, Black Hawk. Colonel Richard P. Eolerts L^ost, No. 2^.1,,, G. A. H., was organ- ized May 19, 1882, in Masonic Hall, Glasgow, by A. Y. Woodruff, deputy mustering officer. The roll included John S. Ashbrook, Robert McClelland, George Mackall, Harry J. Boyd, Samuel C. Daugherty, Scroggs L. Dawson, Joseph G. Hayes. Daniel Dillon, Peter Wolf, Jacob House, James C. Plumber, G. B. Dawson, F. S. Albright, William War- rick, Peter Herbert, H. Lyons, M. Miller, S. Milliron, James Mackall and William Diehl. The officers from the first have been — Com- manders, John S. Ashbrook, R. McClelland, C. A. Wallover and J. S. GLASGOW BOROUGH. 549 Ashbrook; adjutants, C. A. "Wallover, J. S. Ashbrook and George Mackall; quartermasters, II, Lyons and Harry J. Boyd. The order has a mennbership of thirty-seven, and meets regularly in Masonic Hall, for which it pays an annual rental of $50. It was named in honor of Colonel E. P. Roberts, of the 140th regiment, P. V., who was killed at Gettysburg, July 2, 1863. For fuller particulars of this brave and patriotic man see chapter on Bench and Bar. MISCELLANEOUS., Glasgow has no postoffice of its own, all mail being received at Smith's Ferry. The population in 1880 was 573. CHAPTER XXIII. SOUTH SIDE TOWNSHIPS. Origin of Beavee County — Eeection of Townships — Hahovee Town- ship — Feankfoet Speings — Haeshavillb — Kendall — Geeene Township — Geoegbtown — Hookstown — Mill Ceeek Peeseyteeian Chuech — Raccoon Township — "Eudolpha Hall" — Moon Town- ship — Hopewell Township — Independence Township. ONE of the difficult problems in the writing of the history of Beaver count}^ is the securing of accurate information concerning its townships. This grows out of several facts: 1. The territory from which the county was formed was gathered from several counties whose organizations were equally complex. 2. Subdivisions and boundary changes have occurred quite frequently since the county was erected. 3. Portions of townships have been stricken off at times to form new townships or the new county of Lawrence. The three original counties of the state were Philadelphia, Chester and Bucks, all formed March 10, 1682. Chester included the western part of the state as then existing. From Chester was formed Lancas- ter May 10, 1729 ; from Lancaster was formed Cumberland Jan. 27, 1760 ; from Cumberland was formed Bedford March 9, 1771 ; from Bedford was formed "Westmoreland Feb. 26, 1773 ; to this, in 1785, was added a part of the Indian purchase of 1784. From "Westmoreland was formed Washington March 28, 1781 ; from parts of Westmoreland and Washington was formed Allegheny Sept. 24, 1788 ; and from Allegheny and Washington was formed Beaver March 12, 1800. In the forming of Beaver county, Allegheny furnished all the ter- ritory north of the Ohio on both sides of Big Beaver river, and all on the south side except a triangle lying west of a straight line connecting the southeast corner of the present Hanover township with the point at which the state line crosses the Ohio river below Georgetown. This triangle, it will be sqen, embraced a portion only of the present town- ships of Hanover and Greene. 550 SOUTH SIDE TOWNSHIPS. 55t One of the thirteen original townships of "Washington county,, formed July 15, 1781, seven years before Allegheny county was organ- ized, was Smith. It lay in the northern part of Washington county, and was bounded on the north and east by the Ohio river, thus embrac- ing all of what is now called the "South Side" and more. On the 11th of March, 1Y86, Smith township was divided, and the northern part, with the Ohio river as the northern and eastern boundaries, was called Han- over. When Beaver was formed Hanover township was subdivided,, and the part in each of the counties, Washington and Beaver, retained the same name. One of the earliest subdivisions of the county into townships is found in Joseph Scott's " Geographical Description of Pennsylvania," published in Philadelphia in 1806. It gives the population in Beaver county by townships in 1800. His subdivisions are — Hanover, First. Moon and Second Moon ; North Beaver and South Beaver, and Sewiok- ley. From this it would appear that Hanover and the two Moons were- on the south side; the two Beavers north of the Ohio and west of Big^ Beaver, and Sewickley north of the Ohio and east of Big Beaver. All of these divisions except Hanover must have come from Allegheny countj^ From Allegheny county records we learn that in September, 1801, a petition was presented to the court pra3'ing for a division of South Beaver township, which, it seems, then included more than the southern half of the district lying north of the river. The petition recited that an application had been laid before the court to have the township separated by an east and west line, and that the present petition to have it divided by a line parallel to the state line into Field tow^nship on the west, and Meadow township on the east, was meant to apply to the territory north of said east and west line. These names were never given, but in the following year, 1802, Little Beaver and Big Beaver were formed in the same territory. In 1801 New Sewickley township was. formed from Sewickley township, whose extent was thirty miles, rendering it too larg6 for township purposes. At the August terra of the court of quarter sessions at Beaver, in 1804, a petition from citizens in North Beaver was presented for the subdivision of the township. The court granted the petition, di- recting the formation of two townships, the one east of Big Beaver and Shenango to be called Shenango township, and the one on west side to be called North Beaver. At the November session of court, 1804, it was ordered that the- 552 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. bounds of the borough of Eeaver be made the boundary of a new town- ship to be called Borough township. At the May session, 1805, the court ordered the division of South Beaver township into South Beaver and Ohio townships. Of the com- mittee appointed at the ISTovember session preceding, composed of David Drennan, Henry Kirkendall and Samuel Caughey, the first two were favorable, the last being opposed to the action. At the January term, 1811, a petition was presented asking a new arrangement of the townships of the county. The question was con- tinued for further consideration. At the November term of the same year, a petition came from those living north of the Ohio and east of Big Beaver, asking that said territory be formed into four townships. James Carothers, Thomas Foster and David Scott, Esq., were ap- pointed viewers. It is not known what they recommended; but at the January session, 1812, a petition came from the same region requesting a new arrangement of townships. James Whitehill, John McGollough and Daniel Christy were appointed viewers. Their re- port is unknown, but must have had some effect; for on the 29th of October, 1814, the county commissioners, John Sharp, John Martin and James Dennis, in accordance with an act of the assembly passed March- 4th preceding,-prepared a map of Beaver county which is now in the register and recorder's office. It makes the following showing •of townships: South Side — Hanover and Greene separated by Eaccoon creek from Hopewell and Moon. West Side — Ohio, Borough, South Beaver, Little Beaver, Big Bea- ver and ISTorth Beaver. East Side — New Sewickley, North Sewickley and Shenango. At the August session of court, 18ii6, a petition for the division of New Sewickley township was presented. The viewers were Joseph Hemphill, Stephen Stone and Thomas Henry. Petition granted. At the same court a petition for the division of Brighton township was offered. In spite of remonstrances, the decree was granted. Though the records do not so state, the two townships of Economy and Chippewa must have been the ones formed at this session of court. No other mention of them was found, and they appear in the county treasurer's receipts for taxes in 1830, showing their prior existence for a number of years. In 1856, a petition was presented to the court to have Economy township divided. Francis Eeno, John H. Whisler and Hugh Jackson SOUTH SIDE TOWNSHIPS. 555 were appointed to investigate iiml i-eport. They recommended the granting of the petition. A special election was held in the township, Oct. 13, 1S57, to test the matter. The result was: For new tow-nship, 8; against, 141. At the December session, 1832, a petition was presented for the formation of a new township out of Moon and Greene. The decree was made at the September session 1833, and Kaccoon was born. At the June session, 1836, a petition for the division of Shenango township was presented. The viewers. Major Andrew Jenkins, Edward Houps, and John C. Stamen, reported favorably. Decree was granted Dec. 7, 1836. The west division was called Shenango, the east, Shp- peryrock. At the June session, 1811:, a petition was presented from sundry citizens on North Sewickley township, saying that in consequence of the size of their township and the great distances they were compelled to go to attend elections, they desired to have their territory formed into four townships. Dr. Joseph Pollock, Joseph Irvin and David Marquis were appointed to investigate and report. They recommended the granting of the petition. Feb. 6, 1845, the court granted the peti- tion, and decreed the forming of four townships, "Wayne, Perry, Marion and I^orth Sewdckley. This ended a contest that began in 1825. At the !N"ovember session, 1846, a petition for the division of Lit- tle Beaver by a line commencing on the Big Beaver township line near the Eev. George Scott's church and passing through to the Ohio state line near the house of John Smart, forming two townships, one to retain the old name and the other to be called Darlington, was pre- sented. The viewers, James Davidson, John Imbrie and Harrison Power, recommended the granting; decree was made Oct. 15, 1847. The November session, 1853, received a petition for the division of New Sewickley township, and the formation of a new one to be called Pulaski. The viewers, Francis Hoops, Solomon Bennett and David Warnock, recommended the granting of the petition. The decree was made Sept. 14, 1854. At the June session, 1855, a second jsetition, that the district of Industry in Ohio and Brighton townships be erected into a township was presented. The viewers were James Davis, John Scott and Will- iam Porter. The court granted the decree Feb. 7, 1856, and Industry township was the result. To retrace a little, let it be stated that when Lawrence county was formed in 1849, the following townships were stricken off: Little 30 556 HISTOEY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. Beaver, Big Beaver, "Wayne, Perry, North Sewickley, North Beaver, Shenango and Slipperyrock. Several of these townships in the south tier were divided, leaving a township of the same name in each county. The townships of the county at present maybe grouped into three classes: 1. Those of the South Side. 2. Those of the West Side. 3. Those of the East Side. SOUTH SIDE. The townships of the South Side are Hanover, Greene, Eaccoon, Moon, Hopewell and Independence. HANOVEK TOVV^NSHIP. This township is situated in the extreme southwest corner of the county. It is bounded as follows: North by Greene and Eaccoon, east by Independence, south by Washington county and west by West Yirginia. It is a rich and productive township. Its history is given in the preceding part of this chapter, and its early inhabitants are speci- fied in the chapter on Pioneers. Its two important villages are Frank- fort Springs and Harshaville. The population of Hanover township by the census of 1880 was 1,357. FEANKFOET SPRINGS BOEOUGH. This place is situated in the southern part of Hanover township, near the Washington county line. In the days of stage coaches (1837) it was reported as a " flourishing village, twenty-six miles from Pitts- burgh, twenty miles from Beaver and thirteen from Georgetown." The town stands on the edge of a tract of a thousand acres of land secured by Levi Dungan in 1772. The portion of country surrounding it was the earliest settled in the county. The names of some of the first settlers will be found in Chapter III. At an early date Isaac Stephens entered four hundred acres of land from the government, the' tract including the famous springs. He sold twelve acres of it to Edward McGinn is, who failed to utilize the rich possessions he had acquired. By his eldest daughter, Eliza J. McGinnis, the track was finally sold to J. Moore Bigger, the present proprietor and manager of the resort. He has greatly improved the property and given it merited fame. The water from these springs has been subjected to rigid chemical analysis, and been found to con- tain four distinct ingredients: iron, sulphur, magnesia and alum. Near these springs were secreted, at one time, the medical books, in fact the SOUTH SIDE TOWNSHIPS. 557 entire librarj', of Mrs. Levi Dungan, to keep them out of the hands of the Indians who were prowling about. After a year's absence the books were recovered, but in a spoiled condition. I'his fact produced weeping on the part of the old lady, inasmuch as the loss could not be replaced. It is to be regretted that the records of the early days of this village are not more copious. In 1837, however, the industries were thus represented: Merchants — James Cameron, Samuel Thompson, Alexander Mossman and James Mon'ison . . . Physicians — William Banks, James Banks, Veers . . . Ministers — Rev. W. M. McElwee, Seceder; Rev. James Sloan, D.D., Presbyterian . . . Jus- tice of the peace — J. Ewing . . . Hotels — James Dungan, Frankfort hotel; Edward McGinnis, Frankfort house . . . Postmaster — Andrew Knox. Frankfort Springs has always been noted for its interest in edu- cational matters. Its schools were its pride, and the large number of prominent persons trained and sent abroad into the world as active factors for good, attests the wisdom of the policy pursued. The Frankfort Academy was given a legal existence by being reg- ularly incorporated by the court on Jan. lY, 1871. The object ex- pressed in the instrument was "the education of young men and young women in the learned and foreign languages, the useful arts, sciences and literature. " In its list of incorporators were such men as John J. Carothers, Samuel Bigger, Rev. A. 0. Eockwell, Eev. William M. McElwee, John Stephenson, James Morrison, John McCoUough, H. B. McCreary, Thomas Nicholson, J. L. Purdy, Thomas Bigger, Henry J. Lance and S. H. Leeper. The first seven in the foregoing list con- stituted the first board of trustees. The institution encountered the diflBculty of access on account of its inland location. Becoming involved in financial stress, the property of the institution was sold at sheriff's sale, in 1885, to satisfy a claim of "William Ewing. The structure is now used as a private residence. Frankfort Springs is one of the oldest postoffices in the county, having been established under the name of Frankfort at the opening of the century. Below is a complete list of the postmasters, with dates of appointment, who have smiled upon the people as they came to receive their cherished messages: John McLellan, July 1, 1800; Arthur Sander- son, Jan. 1, 1801; Thomas Worrell, Oct. 1, 1803; Samuel Worrell, Oct. 1, 1807; Henry Comby, Jan. 1, 1816; James Dungan, Oct 21, 1828; Andrew Knox, Jan. 25, 1836. Thus far the office was known as Frankfort. On the 11th of January, 1840, it was changed to Frankfort Springs, which name it still 558 HISTOEY OF BEAVEE COTTNTY. retains. Since then the postmasters have been as follows, with dates of appointment: Wilham H. Frazer, Dec. 15^ 1840; William K. Foster, July 15, 1845; James McCutoheon, ISTov. 17, 1856; Hugh P. Miller Oct. 10, 185Y; J. McCutcheon, July 23, 1861; Isaac Stephens, Nov. 2, 1885. United Presbyterian Congregation of Frankfort* known also as Harmon's creek and King's creek, was organized about 1T90 by Home Missionaries of the Associate Presbyterian church, under whose synod it continued until, by the union in 1858 of the Associate and the Asso- ciate Reformed churches, it became known distinctively as a United Presbyterian congregation. At the time of organization its members were few in number and widely scattered. Their numbers gradually increased until they became quite a large and flourishing congregation. Their officers are those usually found in all congregations "of the Presbyterian faith. The session at present consists of six members; the board of trustees of three members. There is also a treasurer for the congregation. At first the congregation worshiped in a rude tent, afterward in a log edifice, and then in a brick house, which was burned in 18Y6. Following this destruction the present brick house was erected. It is a handsome edifice with a seating capacity of about 400. It is neatly frescoed, and its steeple contains a clear-toned bell whose mellow peals every Lord's day call the people to "assemble themselves together" for divine worship. The property is valued at $7,000. In harmony with the primitive idea of church extension, other congregations have sprung from this one ; those of King's Creek and Toiulinson's Run, whose histories are briefly given elsewhere, are daughters. The first pastor of the congregation was Rev. John Anderson, D.D., whose labors in connection with the Service Theological Seminary — Eudolpha Hall — are recounted in another part of this book. His labors extended from about 1792 to the date of his death in 1830, nearly forty years. The second pastor was Rev. WiUiam McElwee, D.D.; his services covered the period from 1833 to 1878, about forty-five years. The third pastor is the present incumbent, Rev. David Craig Stewart, who settled with the congregation in 1880, and at this date has given over seven years to its oversight. A fact worthy of note is that during a period of nearly a century this congregation has had but three pastors. The pastorates of the first two covered eight decades of important American existence; all of which is a striking commentary on the present organization of society, *Prepared from data kindly furnished by Rev. David Craig Stewart. SOUTH SIDE TOWNSHIPS. 559 which requires frequent changes of spiritual guides to satisfy an abnor- mal craving for sensational novelty. The congregation numbers 160 members. It has a flourishing prayer-meeting and Sunday-school. The annual expenses are about $1,600. The FranJifort Springs Presbyterian Church* was organized 1834, in a hewed log house situated in the village, by the Eevs. John Stockton, Elisha McCurdy and George Scott. The first communion service was held in the Seceder church in the autumn of 1834. The original membership, forty-three in number, embraced as follows: £'M«r«— William Carothers, James Cross and Samuel Thompson. Members— Nanc}' Stephens, Elizabeth Carothers, Eliza Warnock, Johanna Dungan, Isabella Dun- gan, David Gordon and wife, Mary Stephens, Sarah Thompson, Mrs. Patterson, James Carothers, Rachel Carothers, Alice Carothers, Mary Glasgow, James Chambers, Mrs. Cross, Josiah Campbell, Rosana Campbell, Elizabeth Campbell, Frederick Teel and wife, Isaac Stephens, Thomas Stephens, Mary McMlllin, Elizabeth Briarly, David Beal and wife, Robert Dungan, Deborah Dungan, Sarah Cool, A. Carson, wife and sister, William Yalton and Sarah Yalton. In 1836 a brick church structure was erected by James Clendenin, at a cost of $2,000. It served the purposes of the congregation until 1S71, when a new edifice was built at a cost of $5,000 ; Fuliner and Garber, of Pittsburgh, being the contractors. The following pastors have served: James Sloan, D.D., 1837-43; George Gordon, 1845-49; Wm. E. Fulton, 1851-52; Smith F. Greer, 1853-57; James W. McKennan, 1858-60; David H. Laverty, 1864-65; Wm. S. Vancleave, 1868-69; A. 0. Eockwell, 1870-75; " Samuel E. Elhot, 1877-78; William S. Childs, 1881; Samuel C. Faris, 1883-85. The pulpit is now vacant. The membership now is 150, and free from debt. Annual salary of pastor is $900. HAESHAVILLE. This is the name of a small village in the northeastern part of Han- over township. Prior to 1859 it was called Hanover, in honor of the United Presbyterian church of that name, whose edifice was the first building in the place. The first dwelling in the village was erected by Eobert Bell, about 1836. It is no longer in existence. Among the early settlers of the place mention may be made of Eobert Bell, Isaac Parkinson, Eobert Johnston, William Peters and John Harsha. William Peters kept a store. John Harsha was justice of the peace for about twenty-five * This sketch was prepared from data kindly furnished by John J. Carothers, of Frankfort Springs. 560 HISTOET OF BEAVER COUNTY. years, and represented the county in the legislature for the three years, 1836-37-38. Some of the early settlers in this portion of Hanover township, within a radius of four miles, were the following, all of whom were worthy and industrious citizens: John Smith, deacon of the Hanover church; John Leeper, James Harper, father of the present James Har- per, county surveyor; James Bigger, father of E. N. Bigger, attorney; Adam, John and Alexander Gribbs; Thomas, Charles, David and James Anderson; Thomas and Alexander Adams; John, James and David Little (now spelled Littell), and James Weilson now spelled JSTel- son). The village was named Harshaville because its postoflBce was so named in honor of its first postmaster, Robert Harsha, at present a resident of Beaver. The office was established in 1859. The post- masters and the dates of their appointments have been the following: Eobert Harsha, Jan. 19, 1859; David Short, May 16, 1864; John G. Adams, Aug. 15, 1865; Benjamin F. Eeed, April 34, 1867; James E. Wilson, July 6, 1869; Martin L. Armstrong, Aug. 28, 1872. The Hanover United Presbyterian Church was organized, accord- ing to the most reliable records, about 1825; by Eev. John Graham. Its first corps of elders consisted of John Smith, William Sterling, John McCormick and Thomas McGuire. Since then the following have served: John Harsha, Thomas Harsha, William Harsh a, William Ealston, Samuel Plunket, Eobert Gorsuch, Alexander McCoy, James Torrence, William Swearengen, John A. Gibb, Eobert Harsha, John Purvis, William Miller and Joseph Mahaflfey, the last six named constituting the pres- ent board. The first edifice was a frame, built in 1827. It Avas sup- planted by the present structure in 1844. The membership numbers 160, and contributes $1,400 annually for all purposes. The following is its list of pastors with their periods of service: Eev.- James Priestly, 1837-40; J. J. Buchanan, 1842-44; T. Calahan, 1849-54; W. S. McConnell, 1857-58; W. M. Eichey, 1862-65; J. L. Purdy, 1867-81; M. S. Telford, the present incumbent, 1882. KENDALL. Kendall is a beautiful little village in the western part of the township, the postoffice of the place bearing the same name. GREENE TOWNSHIP. This township lies along the western line of the county between Hanover and the Ohio river. It is said to have been named in honor SOUTH SIDE TOWNSHIPS. 561 of General Nathaniel Greene, a distinguished officer of the American revolution, and should therefore be spelled as he spelled his name. It is called " Second Moon " in the earlier reports. Like Hanover, it is a well watered and timbered township, con- taining excellent land that has been cultivated by industrious and successful farmers. Its drain age is good. Ithastwo boroughs, George- town and Hookstown. GEORGETOWN BOEOUGH. This borough is pleasantly situated in the north part of Greene township, on the Ohio river. It is one of the oldest settlements in Beaver county, and was laid out on the 13th of Jan., 1793, by Benoni Dawson, who came from Montgomery county, Md., about 1T80. He died May 16, 1806, aged sixty-four years. His wife was Eebecoa (Mackall) Dawson, who died Oct. 6, 1816, aged seventy-five years. They are both buried in the old Georgetown cemetery. They were members of the Protestant Episcopal church. They had thirteen children — nine sons and four daughters. One of his sons, Thomas, has a grandson, Benoni Dawson, still living in Glas- gow, opposite Georgetown. Another son, Nicholas, has grandchildren hving in and around Georgetown, among whom may be mentioned John Dawson and Mrs. Dr. S. T. Hamilton. Still another son, George, married Jane Mackall, by whom he had ten children, among whom were Benoni Dawson, George Dawson and E,. D. Dawson, whose wife, Mary J. Dawson, and daughter (wife of Edward Spence) now reside in Georgetown. Originally the name was written as consisting of two distinct parts, George Town. The tendency has been to combine, an^ make it appear as one. This suggests two theories as to the origin of the name: one that the name was bestowed in honor of George Dawson, son of the original Benoni, \vho owned a portion of the town plat. A second and more probable theory is that the name was bestowed in honor of the Georgetown adjoining the national capital. Georgetown early became a place of residence for those engaged in steamboating, and occupies that position at present in the rank of villages. The elevation above the beautiful Ohio renders it free from all anxiety as to overflow. Some of the early tavern-keepers at Georgetown were Nicholas Krehl and Philip Ducomb. They both received license to keep tavern, at the August session of court, 1804. At the May session, 1805, Will- 562 HISTOEY OF BEAVEE COTJNTV. iam Carnagy and Thomas Foster Avere likewise commissioned to keep tavern, and continued in the business for many years. At the March session, 1808, James Preston, and at the August session, 1809, Joseph Smith, were given permission to Iceep houses of public entertainment. Thomas Foster was tiie first postmaster of the place, his first appointment bearing date April 1, 1803. He held the position until the 1st of October, 1807, when John Christmas was appointed. He retained the position until Sept. 10, 1821, when Foster was re-appointed. He continued to discharge its duties until he was succeeded by Zebulon Kinsej^, June 2, 1835. The following is the complete list of the post- masters from 1802 to the present time: Thomas Foster, John Christmas, Zebulon Kinsey, Hugh McCallough, Salah Pruden, Thomas Fry, Charles Calhoon, George W. Calhoon, Samuel C. Trimble, Henry J. Kinsey and Mrs. Lydia P. Kinsey, the present officer. That the people of the place did not all have angelic dispositions in those primitive times is attested Ijy the accompanjring document, which is a specimen both of unicpeness and candor. It was evidently given to release the holder from the suspicion that the ear-crop was a mark of punishment inflicted by the authorities of those days: Peknstlvania, ) Bbavek County. )' Personally came Thomas Foster, uf Georgetowc, in said county, before me, one of the associate judges of the court of common pleas for said county, and being sworn in due form of law, deposeth and saith, that in the month of May last or beginning of June a fight or i)ersonal combat took place in Georgetown, in front of the deponent's house, betwixt Thomas Ross of said town (a labour) and Janus CtOLty, in which fight the said Thomas Ross had the hinder part of his right ear bit out— htith much disfigured his ear. Sworn and subscribed the said filth day of August, 1807. (Signed) T TT T^ . . ^ Tho.mas Fostek. J NO. H. Reddick, Associate Judge. The borough was incor[)orated Feb. 25, 1850. The first commis- sioners of election were Samuel Smitli, James Todd and Adam Poe. By the census of 1880 the borough had a population of 288. St. Lvlrs Protestant Epwcoxml Ch iinh is the oldest organization of the kind in the county. Its principles were imported into the com- munity by the first settlers of the place. The first services, it is said, were held on a flat-boat, probably about the opening of the century. In 181-1 the congregation was organized by the Kev. Taylor, of Pittsburgh. About the same year another congregation was started on the Langfit farm, nine miles from Georgetown, in the vicinity of Frank- fort. Its members were subsequently absorbed bv the Georo-etown SOUTH SIDE TOWNSHIPS. 563 church. Among the early members of St. Luke's congregation were Benoni Dawson and his son Benoni, Michael Chrisler, Thomas Foster, Adam Hayes, Jane McMillen, David McMillen, James Dawson and wife, Mrs Jane Dawson, Major Hugh McCullough and wife, Mr. Hecker and wife, John Beaver (surveyor), Mrs. Mary Dawson and others. The first house of worship was a log structure, built about the time of the organization of the church, 1814 or 1815. It served the purposes of the congregation until 1833, when the present neat brick edifice was erected at a cost of §3,000. John Chrisler furnished the lumber for the present church. His son was killed by the running away of his team near Shippingport, which circumstance working upon the mind of the father led him to become a member of the church. The congregation has been served, in succession, by the following rectors : Eevs. Taylor, Francis Reno, Francis Laird, Samuel West Sel- den, "William Adderley, William Harrison, James Goodwin, Henry Mc- Kay, William Ballard, William Fuller, Samuel H. Hilliard, John Lon- don, JohnFarrar and T. Jefferson Danner, the present incumbent. The membership of this churcli originally was about sixty, em- bracing the influential citizens of the community ; at present it num- bers about thirty-five. Georgetown Methodist Episoo-pal Church. The origin of Method- ism in Georgetown is involved in some uncertainty. By some it is maintained that the first preaching was done in a house belonging to Thomas Poe, on the corner of Front and Market streets. Among the early members were Eddy Crail, Samuel Todd, Samuel McGrath and John Thompson. In the ranks of these pioneer preachers were such men as Wesley Smith, Israel Dallas, W. P. Blackburn and Garrett Jones. The organization of the church is accredited to Kev. Wesley Smith, about the year 1830. It rau.^^t have occurred at the house of Thomas Poe, as Dallas, still living pear Cleveland, Ohio, did a part of his preaching in said house. Following the preaching of these pioneers, there seems to have been an interval during which the records were not preserved. The period of certainty begins in 185Y, since when the pastorate has been filled as follows : J. C. High, 1857-58; J. L. StifEy, 1859-61; M. M. Eaton. 1862; A, E. Ward, 1863- 65; M. S. Kendig, 1866-68; A. Huston, 1869-70; Joseph Glahill, 1871-73; T. F. Persh- ing, 1874^75; J. N. Pershing, 1876; W. Darby, 1877; J. Dillon, 1878— 79; J. B. Wright, 1880-81; J. L. Deems, 1882; A. J. Rich, 1883-85; A. L. Kendall, 1886; A. S. Hunter, 1887. 564 HISTORY OF BEAVER COUNTY. The first house of worship was a frame structure that stood on Sam- uel Smith's land. The second was a frame 40 by 60 feet, and is still standing. It is owned by John E. Smith, and is used as a dwelling. The third and present house is a frame, about 40 by 60 feet, and was built in 1877 at a cost of some $3,000. It was dedicated on the 25th of November, 1877. The membership at present is 120. HOOKSTOWN BOEOTJGH. This borough, situated near the center of Greene township, is three and one-half miles from Georgetown, eleven from Beaver and about twenty-eight from Pittsburgh. It was named in honor of Matthias Hook,* a worthy citizen who came from Maryland, and having pur- chased the land upon which the town Avas subsequently built, was accustomed to go to the East and bring salt across the mountains to sell to the early settlers. Some of Hook's neighbors in the early days Avere Thomas DaAvson and John Parks, both from Maryland; Joseph McFerran, Charles Blackmore, Andrew Poe, Samuel Witherspoon and others. In 1837 the town is represented as having had two tanneries, two smith-shops, one wagon-maker, two tailors and two hatters. At that time the business interests of the place were thus represented: Posi!- master— Joseph McFerran, Esq. Merchants— McFerran & Lawrence, Samuel Witherspoon, Samuel McLaughlin, James Trimble. Grist and Saw mill—n. & D. Wright. One of the early practicing physicians of Hookstown was Jesse Goodrich. At a later date he was succeeded by Milton Lawrence, one of the prominent officials and politicians of the county. From a very early day the people of Hookstown have taken a deep interest in educational matters. Frequent traces of select schools in early days appear. On Xov. 4, 1844, J. P. Moore opened a private school for the patrons of the village and community. His tuition rates were from $6.00 to $10.00 per term. On Oct. 30, 1849, S. H. Jeffrey and G. S. Strain took charge of the Hookstown Select School. Through various changes educational affairs have passed, resulting in the develop- ment of the present public village school. In 1845 the community Avas afflicted AvithAA'hat was known as the Hookstown fever, the particulars of Avhich Avill be found in the Medical chapter. Joseph EA^ans, a colored man, relates that during the height of the epidemic in July and August of the foregoing year, he made money freely by shooting squirrels for the afflicted, at ten cents apiece. * Matthias ^[ook died April 37, 18S6, aged eighty-nine years. SOUTH SIDE TOWNSHIPS. 565 The following is a complete list of postmasters with dates of appointment, who have served the community since the establishment of an office in the place: Joseph McFerran, March 20, 1818; Ezekiel Carothers, Aug. 24, 1839; Samuel Mc- Laughlin, Jan. 3, 1842; Joseph Bryan, Jan. 30, 1846; Edward Crail, May 15, 1849; Miss Jane Crail, April 7, 1852; Samuel McFerran, Dec. 20, 1853; James Bryan, Feb. 22, 1856; Thomas D. Moore, July 23, 1861; Miss Jennie Mercer, June 27, 1882; Wra. H. Fuller. July 30, 1885; John H. Johnson, Sept. 11, 1885; Robert M. Bryan, Feb. 10, 1886. The United Presbyterian Church dates its organization from 1846. Its first regular pastor was Eev. T. Calahan, Avho served for a period of six years, viz: 18i8-54; the next, Eev. M. Ormond, labored from 1859 to 1867, a period of eight years. Eev. A. I. Young's pastorate contin- ued three years, from 1869 to 18T2; Eev. J. P. Davis from 1872 to 1874; Eev. S. C. Eeid from 1879 to 1882, and Eev. W. McKirahan has been serving the congregation since 1884. The HooTcstown Presbyterian Church was organized in 1854 by members of the Mill Creek congregation, who desired a more convenient place of worship. The original members were as follows: David Kerr, Mary Kerr, John S. McCoy, Nancy McCoy, James S. Walker, Mar- garet Walker, Milton Lawrence, Sarah Lawrence, Joseph McFerran, Mary McFerran, Sarah E. McFerran, Mary McFerran, John McFerran, Martha J. McGinnis, Nancy Stewart, Eliza McGahan, Mary Blackmore, Mary Patterson, Almira and Jane Wither- spoon, Stephen and Margaret Whitehill, William Thompson, Eulh Thompson, Rachel L. Kerr, William Ridgeley, Thomas J. Laughlin, Mary Moody, John Moody, Margaret Moody, Benoni Reed, Joseph Moody, Joseph Cain, Nancy Cain, William Miller, Milo Thompson, Thomas H. Moore, A. R. McClure, Kaleb Whim, Rachel Whim, John and Mary Galbreath, Sarah Blackmore, Jane Miller, Nancy Chapman, Nancy Goshorn, Thomas and Mary A. Calhoon, S. W. Miller, Milo Thompson and others. The first church edifice was a frame building, erected in 1854 at a cost of $2,500. It was burned in 1885, but rebuilt in 1886 at an expense of $2,800. The congregation has had the following pastors: Eev. E. S. Morton, 1854-63; W. M. White, 1866-70; George Shaffer, 1873-74; D. L. Dickey, 1876-81; E. S. Morton, 1882-85. MISCELLANEOUS. ( In Greene township is also the sprightly village of Shippingport Ijdng on the river bank, which has acquired considerable commercial importance. In the southwestern part of the township stands Mill Creek Presbyterian church, whose history follows. The population of the township in 1880 was 1249. Mill Creek Presbyterian Church. This congregation, whose house of worship stands about a mile and a half from Hookstown on a branch 666 HISTOET OF BEAVEE COUNTY. of Mill Creek, from which it took its name, is the oldest congregation in Beaver county. From satisfactory evidence, it is clear that an organization of Christians existed on Mill Creek as early as 1784, and it is likely that individual members lived in the community ten or twelve years earlier. In the records of the Presbytery of Eedstone reference is made to Mill Creek, April 19, 1785, as follows: "Presbytery met at Town Ten, Mile Meeting House in the Forks. * * * Presbytery proceeded to take in supplications for supplies. Supplications from Mill Creek were brought in and read. ISTo appointment." On the 19th of following October, Eev. Joseph Smith was appointed a supply; March ith, following, Kev. John McMillan was sent; and Eev. Smith at different times during that year. In 1788 Eevs. John Clark, John Brice and James Hughes, thelast two just licensed, acting as supplies. In 1789 the same men labored with the -iCongregation at intervals ; and in 1790 Eev. John McPherrin, Eobert Finley and Eobert Marshall served at times. In 1792 Eevs. George Hill, William Swan and David Smith preached at times. In 1793 Eevs. Thomas Marquis and Thomas Moore preached. ]S"o further notices are found in the minutes of the Presbytery concerning this con- gregation. It is supposed, however, that supplies continued regularly to the date of its first pastorate under Eev. George Scott in 1799. A number of calls had been extended to ministers, but they were not accepted. In 1793 the congregation was transferred from the Eedstone Pres- bytery to the Ohio Presbytery; hence the difficulty in supplying the missing links in the chain of its history. Its territorial limits originally were great, quite equal to some counties. About the year 1830 Bethlehem church was organized within its limits, and took a part of its membership. Some five years later, Frankfort church was organized, and took a portion from the other side of the congregation. At later dates Liverpool and Glasgow churches drew heavily upon its ranks. In 1S54 the organization of the Hookstown congregation took away nearly half its membership. In addition to these heavy drains, the Associate congregation (now United Presbyterian of Tomlinson's Eun, and the United Presbyterian cliurches of Hanover and Hookstown, were all organized within the bounds of Mill Crek. In 1876 Pine Grove Presbyterian church was organized, receiving material from Mill Creek. With all the fortifica- tions which age, culture and zeal could throw around Mill Creek, SOUTH SIDE TOWNSHIPS. 567 Methodism has established five congregations within its bounds. Truly Mill Creek has been a pioneer church, and instrumental in disseminating, by its own efforts and the efforts of its daughters, the peculiar doctrines of Calvinistic theology. Eevivals in this congregation have been quite frequent and marked. Rev. J. Stevenson says that from 1781 to 1787 unusual religious activity existed in the churches of Mill Creek and King's Creek. At a later period, about the close of last century, the preaching of Thomas G. Hughes, a newly hcensed herald of the world, i-esulted in securing many accessions to the church. In 1802 the church was greatly awakened, several of the converts being subject to the " jerks," or bodily convulsions ])eculiar to the religious meetings of that day. The year 1816 was signalized by the addition of a hundred members to the congregations of Mill Creek and the Flats. In 1822 began a revival which continued with comparatively little intermission for five years, and resulted in adding about two hundred members. The next period of note began in January, 1853, under the preaching of Rev. Dr. Stock- ton, and was continued for two months by Revs. J. S. Pomerov, Wells, Jennings, Greer and Murray. Ninety-nine persons joined the church. The early prayer-meetings, attended by such veterans as the Mc- Colloughs, Ewings, Thompsons, Kerrs, Poes, etc., were full of interest. Loaded rifles and powder-pouches were taken along to be used in saluting any savage foe who should be disposed to interrupt the order of exercises. The minutes of this coJigregation being imperfect, the eldership cannot be determined with absolute accuracy as to dates. The first elders, it seems, were as follows: George McCollougli (died 1813); Alexander McCoUough (died Oct. 20, 1831, aged eiglity-six years), aud David Kerr. A few years later John Tliompson (died June 26, 1836, aged seventy-seven), and James E wing (died in 1831, aged seventy-seven), were added. About 1810 John McCoUough, Thomas Harshe and Joseph McCready were chosen; in 1819" John Harshe and Robert Ramsey; about 1827 William Ewing, William McCoUough and John Mitchell; in 1833 Nathaniel Douglas-s and James Moody; in 1848 Samuel Reed, Matthew Glass, James McKinley and Thomas Moore; in 1854 William Moore and Israel Beabout; in 1864 Robert W. Stewart, John T. Temple and Eli Ram- sey; in 1870 Alexander G. Pugh, and in 1873 Robert G. Stewart and Samuel McHenry. The pastors of Mill Creek have been representative men of the denomination. The first was Rev. George M. Scott, whose call was accepted April 25, 1799. Concerning him the following facts were copied from the old pulpit Bible : Rev. George Scott was born November 14, 1759, in Berks county. Pa., and was 568 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. married to Anna, daughter of Samuel Rae, Esq., of Mt. Bethel, May 17, 1798. He was licensed to preach the gospel in May, 1799, by the Presbytery of New Brunswick; was ordained as an evangelist by the same organization November 7, 1798, and in the follow- ing July joined the Presbytery. His education was received at the University of Pennsylvania, where he graduated in June, 1793. He studied theology under Dr. Smith, of Princeton, N. J., and received a call from Mill Creek and the Flats congregations in 1799. In 1826 he resigned the charge of the Flats, continuing, however, at Mill Creek. In 1838, at his own reqtiest, the Presbytery dissolved his connection with this congregation in consequence of increasing infirmity. For a year after this Dr. Scott acted as a stated supply. After thus having preached for over forty years in Mill Creek, and subsequently in Washing- ton county, continuing until health failed, he was called to rest August 15, 1848, aged eighty-eight years, nine months and one day. His salary was fixed at £130 Pennsylvania currency, or $3'30 per year, apart of it to be paid in grain. He was not eloquent, but sound as a teacher. Among his pupils who became distinguished were — Rev. Samuel McPerrau (a nephew), John W. Scott (a son), and W. H. McGufCey, LL.D. After various supplies Eev. John McCoy was called in 1839 or 1840. He continued over a year, dying Oct. 18, 1841. Salary, $500. Rev. David Eobertson accepted a call, and was ordained in April, 1842. He continued until October, 1854. Salary, .$500. Rev. R. S. Morton was installed in connection with Hookstown, April 9, 1855. He continued until 1865, when he resigned to accept a chaplaincy in the army. Salary, $600. Rev. Graham was the next. He was installed Nov. 20, 1865, and continued until Oct. 3, 1866. Salary, $650. Rev. J. L. Fulton was installed Dec. 11, 1868. and continued until 1873. Salary, $1,000. The first house of worship was a cabin 18 by 22 feet, located in the burying-ground. It was supplanted by a double log house 30 by 60 feet, which without floor or door, in 1Y99, was used for preaching. Twelve years later it was ornamented with pews, stoves and pulpit. In 1832 or 1833 this stately structure was replaced bv a brick edifice 50 by 60 feet, with a gallery. The building committee "consisted of David Grorrlon, James McCready, Robert McFerran, Robert Ramsey and liezekiah Wallace. Robert Taylor contracted for the brickwork at $1,050, and James Carothers the carpenter work, at $1,200. In 1869 the present structure was built by Harper Ralston, the affffreeate cost being $8,191. ^ ® RACCOON TOWNSHIP. This township was formed in 1833 from Moon and Greene Town- ships. It is bounded on the north by the Ohio river, which separates SOUTH iSIDE TOWNSHIPS. 569 it from Industry, Brighton and Borougii townships; on the east by Eaccoon creek, which divides it from Moon; on the south by Independ- ence and Hanover, and on the west by Greene. Its name is derived from the ci'eelc, which was, in primitive times, the haunt of an untold number of animals of the fur-bearing species. Its drainage is of most excellent quality. On the north numerous small rivulets readily seek the Ohio; on the east and south Fishpot run and other runs, together with Sarvis creek, give ready drainage. A good quality of land is found within its borders, so much so that when "Washington descended the Ohio, in 1770, on a real estate expedition, he called especial attention to the timbered land up Rac- coon creek. In addition to the good supply of timber to be found within the township, a beneficent Providence has furnished an abund- ance of coal, oil and natural gas near at hand to prevent poor mortals from perishing from cold or starvation. All these natural agencies have been fully utilized by its industrious and intelligent inhabitants. The United Presbyterian Congregation of Service is the result of efforts by the pioneer of church work on the " South, Side,'' Kev. John Anderson, D.D. Its origin is put at 1791. Its first meetings were held in a primitive tent, Avhich served a worthy purpose until the numerical and financial condition of the congregation permitted the erection of a rude log structure. In 1828 this was supplanted by a substantial brick structure, and it, in turn, in 1868, by a more pretentious and comfortable brick edifice, the one now in use. The pastors in succession have been — Rev. John Anderson, D D., 1791 to 1830; Wilham McElwee, D.D., 1833-61; David W. Carson, D.D., 1852-77; J. C. Roe, 1879-83; W. J. Golden, 1885— the present incum- bent. The congregation has a membership of 160, and is reported as being in a flourishing condition. Pioneer Theologixial Seminary. To Beaver county belongs the credit of having founded the second, if not the first, regular school of theology in the United States. It was established in 1791 or 1792, by ministers of the Associate Presbytery of Pennsylvania, who having increased to several presbyteries in different states, formed themselves into a synod in 1804, under the title of the Associate Synod of North America. The ministers in this connection, all educated in the schools, col- leges and theological seminaries of Scotland, and impressed with 570 . HISTOEY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. the conviction that Christian ministers should be well instructed, determined to found a theological seminary for the training of a cult- ured native ministry. Having been reared in the Established Church of Scotland, they were desirous of seeing the principles developed in the "Westminster Standards extensively propogated in this new field, and to guard against any departures from either faith or practice. Called upon to supply ministers for the new fields opening up everywhere, they were unable to meet the demand, and hence dire necessity com- pelled them to establish a school which should prepare suitable material. The outgrowth of this necessity was "Eudolpha Hall" — Tlie Hall of the Good Fraternity. It was confidently expected that its occupants would be brotherly in their feelings and saintly in their acts and con- versation. This seminary, antedating by some five or six years the theological seminary of the Associate Eeformed Church founded in 1Y96, and by some eight or ten years the theological seminary founded at Prince- ton, ISr. J., at the opening of the present century, has but one compet- itor in the United States, viz: the seminary of the Dutch Keformed church at New Brunswick, N. J., established in 1784. "Eudolpha Hall" was located in the valley of Service, Kaccoon township, about a mile west of Service church, and two or three hun- dred yards east of the direct road from Beaver to Frankfort Springs. For several years the professor of the institution read his lectures to his students in a room of his own dwelling, a log house of modest pretensions. In the same room students were examined upon the sub- ject matter of the lectures, and likewise delivered their trial discourses. About 1805 a building was erected for the use of students. It was plain and humble, being built of hewn timber, and was 18 by 30 feet, two stories in height. It still stands, and was, a few years ago, occu- pied as a private dwelling by Mr. Joshua Hunter and his family. In this modest structure the seminary was conducted with success and acceptance till the year 1818, when it was removed to Cannonsburg, Pa., and subsequently reaj^peared in the theological seminary at Xenia, Ohio, its legitimate successor. The presiding genius at Service was Pev. John Anderson, D.D., a highly educated Scotchman of ability and fervent piety. He was born in 1748, and died April 6, 1830, in the eighty-third year of his age. The following sketch of this divine will be found interesting: When lie came to Service he was about fifty -four years of age, in the possession of his full mental powers. Like Zaccheus of old, he was short in stature, being only flvi SOUTH SIDE TOWNSHIPS. 573 feet in lieiglit, firmly built, regular features, lofty forehead and dark penetrating eyes. His general appearance was venerable and dignified, so much so as to attract attention in a miscellaneous company. Some of his mental traits and habits were peculiar. He was remarkable for his earnest piety. Jtuch of his lime was spent in reading, meditation and prayer. His neighbors of every religious faith testified with unifoimity as to this characteristic of the man. Rev. Alexander McLelland, D.D., who about 1812 was a student at Eudolpha, boarding in Dr. Anderson's family, and who subse- quently became a professor in Dickinson College, gave this voluntary testimony: " 1 do believe he was the most godly man in the earth." He was humble; he never paraded his learning. When he found he had done the least wrong to any one, he would never rest until he had made proper confession; nor did he consider such a course toward a student whom he unjustly reproved in the least degrading, but the reverse. He was dead to the world. His family, consisting of his wife and himself, subsisted on $300 per year. Domestic management he left wholly to his life partner. He was an indefatigable brain-worker, devoting, as a rule, fourteen hours per day to the most intense study. Nor was this mental tax confined to efforts in his library. He studied in going from the saddle to the pulpit, and the pulpit to the saddle. At times he was so absorbed in mental operations that he was entirely oblivious to what was going on about him. On one occasion when leaving the pulpit, his mind was so absorbed with his theme that he mounted his neighbor's horse and rode off, not know- ing what he did. At another time, having spent the night with James Sterling, one of the elders of King's Creek, he mounted his horse and started for his home, distant some ten miles. Having proceeded some distance he dropped the reins, and pulling a pocket companion, began to read. The horse, being given full liberty, pastured in the fence corners and along the banks of the stream. When the sun was setting, the animal with the studious doctor upon his back, returned to Mr. Sterling's. The doctor recognized the place as the one from which he started in the morning, and tarrying through a second night, renewed his journey the next morning with better success. Dr. Anderson had a weak voice and slowness of speech. He was a wearisome speaker, many of his audience being unable to follow his line of thought because they were unable to hear him distinctly. By some this defect in speech was regarded as a qualification for his work as a professor, inasmuch as it prevented his students from acquiring any mannerisms of address as too frequently occurs in such institutions. His thoughts, his instruction, his habits of study and logical processes of thought, were repro- duced in those under his guidance and tuition. As a consequence the students of " Eudolpha Hall" became distinguished ministers in their denomination. The following names are mentioned as showing this: Rev. William Wilson, supposed to have been the first student at Eudolpha. He was licensed in 1795. His grandson of the same name was a resident subsequently of Beaver. Rev. Daniel McLean, father of Dr. A. McLean, lately of Beaver; Rev. Thomas Allison; Rev. James Ramsey, D.D., of Can- nonsburg; Rev. Andrew Herron, D.D., of Ohio; Rev. Alexander McLelland, D.D., formerly professor in Dickinson College; Rev. Joseph Scroggs, D.D., of Ligonier; Rev. Thomas Beveringe, D.D., subsequently professor at Xenia, Ohio; Rev. Abraham Anderson, D.D., professor in Eudolpha Seminary, for a time at Cannonsburg; Rev. Thomas Hanna, D.D., late of Washington county; Revs. John Marshall and James Pringle, of North Carolina, and others. They were all men of ability whose work attested the faithfulness and thoroughness of their instruction at " Eudolpha Hall." 31 574 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. MOON TOWNSHIP. This township is part of one of the original townships in the county. It lies between Eaccoon creek and the Ohio river, into whose angle it pushes. It is one of the important townships of the county, having a body of good land, and industrious farmers. In 1843 Joseph Alcorn, a farmer of wealth, willed to the public schools a valuable farm, the proceeds of which were to be distributed among the schools of the township. In 1869 the farm was sold for $10,000, which, properly invested, has yielded $800 annually to the school fund. Phillipsburg borough, whose history is given in Chapter XX, is the important place of the township. The populatipn of Moon in 1880 was 1,124. The North Branch Presbyterian Church, whose house of worship is located in the northeast part of Moon township, is, by dire necessity, the daughter of the Mount Carmel church. It began thus: Owing to the great distance to be traversed by members and others living in the bend of the Ohio river, the attendance at Mount Carmel was not as regular as desired by its ruling elders and pastor. To remedy the difficulty, the pastor, Eev. J. D. Eay, came over into the bend to visit, and arouse greater zeal. He \vas told by Daniel Weigle that the barn of the latter could be had for preaching in warm weather, and in cold, his house was available. In addition, the sum of $100 was guaranteed the minister for preaching once every three weeks. The proposition Avas accepted and the work began. This was in 1833. The attendance and interest were so good that it was determined to erect, in 1834, a house of worship on a site donated for that pur- pose by Mr. Weigle. "With one mind the people of the neighborhood met to erect the new house; some witii axes, some with broad-axes, some with planes, and chisels and saws and augers, and others with hammers and adzes. Material was taken green from the stump and put into a frame building 35 by 45 feet. This labor was not wholly confined to the male members. "While fathers and sons and brothers were engaged in preparing the structure, the good mothers and daugh- ters were engaged in cooking and sending out on horseback rich meals for the artisans. The enterprise was a success. Finally the building was enclosed. Seats were needed. "William Irwin and John Hood Avent with their teams to Fallston aild secured slabs. These were turned with the flat sides upward. Into the under sides were bored leg-holes in which were fitted suitable pins for legs. These improvised seats answered a good purpose for many years, when, they were replaced by some of a more modern style. SOUTH SIDE TOWNSHIPS. 5Y5 In 183Y a congregation Avas regularly organized by Eev. Eay, the elders of the old congregation assisting the new for a time. In the eldership were John Douds, William McDonald, Henry Eeed and oth- ers. To this number were added, shortly, John Carey, father of Dan- iel Carey, now of the M. E. church of Phillipsburg ; George Baker and James Douds, son of John Douds. The membership at that date embraced John Carey, William Irwin, his wife and daughters Mary and Ann; Thomas Hood and wife, John Hood and wife, Daniel Weigle and wife and son Daniel; Mrs. Thoflaas Irwin, Mrs. John Weigle, John and Jacob Londis and their wives, William Elliott and wife, Mrs. Jacob Baker, Samuel Usilton and wife, Mrs. Philip Baker, Mrs. John Stewart, of Stewart's mill; William Shroad, John McBriar and wife, Mrs. John Braden and others. The growth of the congregation became, so rapid that an addition of ten feet to the south end of the house was made about 1850, result- ing in the present dimensions of the structure. The following preach- ers have served the church: Rev. J. D. Eay, its founder, from 1833 to 1842. lie was succeeded by Eevs. Hare, Henderson, Jr., Henderson, Sr., J. D. Hazlett, O. H. Eockwell, J. M. Smith, J. P. Cummings, Shafer, Earsman, and Eutherford, the present incumbent. The Mount Olivet Presbyterian Church of Moon township, was organized January 1, 1876, at Gorsuch's School-house, , the Eevs. J. T. Fredericks, Samuel Forbes and S. A. Hunter (now of China) offici- ating. There were at that time fifty-three members; at' present (October, 1887,) eighty-eight. The same year (1876) a comfortable and commodious frame edifice was erected at a cost of $2,500. The church is maintained at an annual expense of some $400, and is in good condition. The pastor for the past seven years has been the present incumbent, Eev. W. H. Hunter. HOPEWELL TOWNSHIP. Hopewell township, formed about 1817, is doubtless so named because of its connection with Washington county in the by-gone days. It lies along the Ohio, south of Moon. It has developed into an important gas and oil region, the New Sheffield gas being almost inex- haustible in quantity, and incomparable in quality. Shannopin, one of the thrifty -villages built up on the P. & L. E. railroad, is richly sup- plied with the burning fluid. Mmimi Carmel Preshyterian Church, located in Hopewell township was originally called " The White Oak Flats," in consequence of its 5T6 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. being situated in a forest of white oak timber. The name was subse- quetitly changed to Mount Carmel, a scriptural title it has borne for more than half a century. The precise date of its organization is lost in the shades of the past. For a long time it belonged to the Ohio Presbytery, but latterly to that of Pittsburgh. Among its primitive members may be mentioned James Peed, Thomas Barnes, James Hutchinson, Adam Vance, 'Squire Kerr and John Todd. Their faithful wives were also identified with the church. The first house of worship was a log building which met current demands for a number of years. Finally a frame addition was made. This mixed structure was burned in 1837. Subsequently a brick struct- ure was erected on the same site at a cost of $2,000. This, in turn, was supplanted in 1871 by a frame at a cost of $8,000. The first pastor of the congregation was Kev, Andrew McDonald. His successors in order have been:- ^Frazier, Eutherford, J. D. Pay, W. G. Taylor, D. D., and P. J. Cummings, the present pastor. The present corps of officers embraces — Trustees : James Davis, Arthur White, Mahlon Douds, Frederick Schwartz, John Zimmerly, and James Temple, M. D.; Euling Elders: B. D. Douds, C. H. Douds, William M. Reed, George Baker, John Zimmerly and William Smith. The membership at present is about 150, free from debt, and spiritually growing. This congregation is the pioneer of the community. Peference to the sketch of North Branch congregation wiU reveal the fact that it is a swarm from this primitive hive. It was organized when the inhab- itants were sparsely located, and when the browsing of the deer and the howling of the wolf and catamount within easy range of the loo- cabin were not unusual to the hardy settlers. The haunts of the deer are now the browsing places of herds of sheep and cattle, and the terrible scream of the wild beast has been supplanted by the songs of Sunday-school children. New Bethlehem United Presbyterian Church was organized June 19 1865, at the Rarden Run school-house, by Rev. J. M. Witherspoon! In its list of original members we find the following : W. Or. Miller, Mrs. Mary Miller, James Miller, Mrs. Sarah Miller, John McClester Mrs. Eliza McClester, Miss Annie E. McClester, Joseph Wallace, Mrs Rachel Wallace' James M. Wallace, Misses Nan and Rachel Wallace, James Alexander Mrs Nancy Alexander, Miss Maggie Alexander, Miss Fanny Alexander, Joseph McConnell Mrs Rad. McConnell, Miss Mary McConnell, Mrs. M. McCartney, John Nevin Mrs Mary A. Nevin, Miss M. J. Nevin, John E. Nevin, W. G. Nevin, George ShiUito, Mrs Eliza- SOUTH SIDE TOWNSHIPS. 577 beth Shillito, Mrs. Louisa Alexander, Mrs. Susanna Hartford, Mrs. S. McHenry, Misses Rach and M. McHenry, — thirty-two in all. The elders of the first session were — John Nevin, George Shillito, James Miller, and John McClester. Since then there have been added Joseph McConnell, A. P. Morrow, Alex. Morrow and William Purdy. The last three are still living and acting. The house of Avorship, a frame structure, was erected in 1869. Oil has been discovered all around the church property, and developments are still in progress. Joseph "Wallace donated to the congregation one acre of ground, in 1884, on which the parsonage was built at a cost of $2,000. This lot adjoins the church lot. Eev. David F. Mustard served as pastor from October, 1872, to September, 1874 ; Rev. A. H. Orr, from August, 1876, to September, 1880 ; and Rev. J.A. Shrader, the present pastor, has served since Jan- uary, 1882. The membership is 115. The villages of importance are Shannopin and Woodlawn, the former of which has developed rapidly within the last few years, on account of the great activity in the region in oil and gas. One of the great resorts in this region is Aliquippa, on the P. & L. E. railroad. The population of Hopewell township in 1880 was 1,082. WOODLAWN. This village is located on the line of the Pittsburgh & Lake Erie railroad. It is favorably situated on the south bank of the Ohio river, being nestled among the hills that are fringed with an abundant growth of native timber. In consequence of its picturesque location it was very appropriately named Woodlawn by one of the ladies of the place, Mrs. C. I. McDonald. It is in the region of natural gas, its residences and streets being supplied by a well within the limits of the village. Its growth has occurred since 1877, the beginning of the railroad enter- prise. Educational advantages were developed with the growth of the place. On the 7th of April, 1879, was chartered the WoodloAjan academy, the names of the incorporators being James C. Ritchey, C. J. McDonald, O. A. Douds, J. W. Fitch, Dr. William Woods," D. A. McDonald, Alfred Ritchey, Archy Lawson, Robert Brown, William M. Ritchey, Elery Douds and Mary W. McDonald. The capital stock consisted of 100 shares of $25 each; total, $2,500. The building erected in 1879 is a two-sfcory frame, which cost $2,500. For a time a school was maintained successfully. Its opera- tions, however, are suspended. The hall has been serving a good pur- 578 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. pose as a place for churches of all denominations in which to hold ser- vices free of charge, the Presbyterians maintaining afternoon services regularly. The officers of the board of trustees consisted of— "William Woods, M. D., president; C. I. McDonald, secretary; Eobert Brown, treasurer. On the 14th of May, 1887, was organized New Sheffield Counoil, No. 153, J. 0. U. A. M., Harry A. Keil, vice counselor, of Pittsburgh, acting as master of ceremonies. The officers chosen consist of — C, W. Scott; V. C, K. McMasters; E. S., F. E. Boyd; A. E. S., H. M. Long; F, S., James Calvert; T., Barry Johnston; C, Harper Irons; W., J. P. Todd; T. S., John Figley; O. S., Madison Cain; J. P. C, Thomas McKee. The council has some thirty -five members, and meets in the Wood- lawn academy building. The following is the list of postmasters since the establishment of the office, with dates of appointments : C. I. McDonald, Nov. 13, 1877; Eobert W. Anderson, Oct. 26, 1880; T.- A. Florence, March lb, 1882; William M. Eitchie (never qualified), June 8, 1886; James C. Eitchie, June 14, 1886. INDEPENDENCE TOWNSHIP. This township is the newest one on the South side. It was formed in 1848 from the southwest part of Hopewell. It is well drained by Eaccoon creek and its branches, affording the best quality of tillable land. It is filled up by a class of thrifty and intelligent farmers who appreciate the valuable lands they are permitted to occupy. The popu- lation of the township in 1880 was 829. In this township is the Mount Olivet congregation of the Presby- terian church. It was regularly chartered Dec. 13, 1876, by T. A. Torrance, William McCally, Cyrus McConnell, James Eussell, Thomas Butler, James H. McCoy, William Figley, James McCoy and James Miller. In Independence township is the postoffice known as " Seventy Six." Its postmasters from the first, and their dates of appointment, have been as follows : William McCallaster, Feb.' 9, 1828 ; John Holmes, Oct. 20, 1831 ; James Sterling, Sept. 9, 1836 ; Daniel McCallister, July 10, 1841 ; Aaron S. Bryan, Aug. 31, 1852 ; David Reid, March 7, 1854; William Orr, Jan. 28, 1862 ; W. F. Johnston, Feb. 17, 1865 ; William C. Shannon, June 5, 1865 ; Joseph Davis, Feb. 11, 1867 ; John S. Todd, Sept. 6, 1872 ; G. W. Bruce, March 20, 1876 ; William C. Shannon, March 4, 1878 ; Alexander McConnell, July 25, 1879. CHAPTEE XXIY. WEST SIDE TOWNSHIPS. Beighton Township — Borough Township — Yanpoei — Industey Town- ship — Village of Industry — Ohio Township^Smith's Feeey — South Beavee Township — Chippewa Township — Patteeson Town- ship — Big Beavee Township — Homewood — New Galilee Bor- ough — Daelington Township — White Township. BRIGHTON TOWNSHIP. THIS township is situated on the northern side of the Ohio, near the center of the county. It is chiefly bounded by Beaver river, by the boroughs of Fallston and Bridge water, and the townships of Ohio, Chippewa, Industry and Borough. Its surface is generally hilly, and it is traversed by Brady's run. The township was formed about 1818, and in its limits are located the towns of Beaver, Sharon, Fallston and Bridgewater, all of which are spoken of in previous chapters. Its population in 1880 was 815. Four MUe* United Presbyteriam, Church dates its organization in the month of Julj', 1812, though preaching was demanded by its members of the Presbytery at Greersburg, or Darlington, a year or two earlier. At first, services were held in the woods of George Bar- clay, the preaching being done by Rev. David Imbrie, one of the pioneer ministers of those days. At the date of the organization, July, 1812, Mr. Imbrie was assisted in the services by Rev. John Anderson, of. Eudolpha Hall. The elders chosen for the congregation were Hugh Graham, Hance Johnson and Robert Herron. Who the members were at that date cannot be definitely known, but the following were probably included : The elders just mentioned, Robert Ingles, McLaughlin and others. In 1831 the eldership * The church edifice is on or near the section of depreciation land, four miles square, which gives name to the congregation. Says Rev. Thompson : "This land is called Four MUe Square because it was appropriated, with other pieces of land of the same amount in various places, by an act of the legislature, passed in 1777 and again in 1781, to redeem the depreciated certificates of the soldiers of the Revolutionary war." — History of the U. P. cong. of Four Mile, p. 3. 579 580 HISTOEY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. embraced Hugh Graham, Robert Herron, William Scott, Barnard Anderson, Robert Barnes, Andrew Ingles, John Hunter and William Vance. In 1838 the name of John A. Scroggs appears; in 1844: those of James Graham, John Shane, Alexander Ewing and John S. Herron; in 1852, those of George Barclay and William Gailey, and in 1855 that of Jesse McGaffick. From 1812 to 1820 the congregation was supplied by Presbytery. Nov. 1, 1820, Rev. Elijah N. Scroggs was installed as pastor of West Beaver, West Union and Four Mile. He held his relation with Four Mile for a period of twenty-eight years, six months and twenty- four days, resigning May 25, 1849. The next pastor was Rev. John A. McGill, who began his labors Oct. 7, 1851, and continued them till Nov. 15, 1853, when he resigned. During the latter part of his pastor- ate he did some preaching in Beaver, which resulted in the organization of a congregation there. An interregnum now occurred, there being no pastor till June 11, 1861, when Rev. D. II. A. McLean was installed as pastor of this congregation and that at Beaver. He continued to labor for Four Mile until November, 1866. He was succeeded by Rev. J. C. Evans, who officiated from Sept. lY, 186T, to June 13, 1871. Rev. J. Thompson, whose centennial sermon, read in November, 1876, is the source of most of this information, was pastor from 1875 to 1878. In 1880 Rev. J. A. Edie began his labors and continued them until 1887, since which time a vacancy has existed. At first, preaching was conducted in the woods; then in a tent 10 by 10 feet, which was occupied by the preacher. Finally a log house was erected, probably about 1822 or 1823. In 1830 or 1833 a bricli structure was erected on the farm of John Hunter, which served the purpose intended until about 1873, when the present one was erected, at a cost of $4,000. During the late rebellion, this congregation was loyal to the general government, and freely sent its sons to the field. The Beater Natural History Museum. — Ooe of the finest and rarest private collec- tions is now on exhibition in the mammolli Centennial show case, at Mr. Hugo Andries- sen's Beaver drug store. The beauty of many of the specimens excites the wonder and curiosity of the public, and almost daily new attractive additions take the lover of nature by surprise. The departments of geology and mineralogy contain one thousand rare minerals, all arranged according to Professor Dana's classitication, showing every crys- tallized form, all the principal ores, and every known chemical element. This collection is very interesting on account of the number of typical gold, silver, copper, lead and iron ores from all parts of our own country, and the attention of visitors is especially called to the exquisitely beautiful crystallizations and splendid forms of minerals from New Mexico — a donation from Major Thomas Henry, who has recently returned from this new Eldorado of gold and silver . There are also to be found In this unique collec- tion valuable and curious fossils which must delight every true Paleontologist; petrified WEST SIDE TOWNSHIPS. 581 ferns from the carboniferous age, presented by Hon. Mansfield, from his famous cannel coal mines near Darlington; a large number of Beaver county birds, which, by the art of the taxidermist, look as natural as ever; while preserved in spirits are some horrid and frightful looking reptiles, lizards, devil fish, etc. But even this is not all; for new wonders meet one at another section of the case, which contains stuffed alligators, lob- sters, crabs, corals, shells, sponges and many other ocean curiosities, which are followed by insects, butterfiies, moths, etc., and skulls and skeletons of many animals. Mr. Andriessen has also a very extensive herbarium, containing nearly all the fiora of Beaver county, and specimens of the materia medica, which show the crude drugs used in med- icine from all parts of the world. This part of the museum is of great interest to mem- bers of the medical faculty. This museum also contains an immense marine specimen donated by Hon. M. S. Quay, a tarpon (Megalops thrissoides), the largest of its kind ever captured on the coast of Florida, measuring six feet three inches. BOROUGH TOWNSHIP. This township is situated north of the Ohio river, in the central part of the county. Its boundaries comprise the Ohio river on the south, Beaver borough on the northeast, and Brighton township on the north and west. It is small in area, and is hilly and rough in surface. It was formed in November, 1804. The only town in its territory is Vanport. The population of the township was, in 1880, 376. VANPOET. This little village prettily located on the north bank of the Ohio river, about two miles below Beaver, was laid out in 1835 by J. J. Noss, he building the first brick house in the place. Its name origi- nated in this manner: Martin Van Buren was the democratic candi- date for the presidency in 1836. One evening, a number of the party met to have a political demonstration. Among them were the Mul- vannons. The latter suggested that, as a compliment to their party leader, " Matty Van," the place be called Vanport. It was done, and the cognomen has continued to this day. The ferry across the Ohio at this place was established about the year 1800. The big brick house across from Vanport was built by Mr. Noss in 1846. The village has two church edifices, a Methodist and a Baptist. The Methodist church, the house being known as Dravo chapel, was organized some years after the close of the rebellion. The chapel was dedicated Nov. 21, 1869, Eev. Sylvester Burt delivering the sermon. The house cost $3,000, of which sum $450 was raised the day of the dedication. The trustees at the time were — George Dobbs, John Moore, A. Eussell, Lucius Conrad, Samuel Johnston, Amos Doutt and Enoch Fowler. Hon. John F. Dravo has preached for the congregation regu- larly since its organization. 582 HISTORY OF BEAVER COUNTY. The Baptist church dedicated its meeting-house Feb. 24, 1861, John "Weaver 'being the committee to make the. arrangements. Among its leading spirits were James Porter, of Bridgewater, Hiram Noss and John "Weaver. Eev. Densmore organized the congregation, but his throat becoming sore, he was compelled to resign. He was succeeded by Eev. Davis, who was its last pastdr, the congregation having ceased to meet. An effort was made many years ago to establish &United Brethren church. Its movers were John E. McKinzie, "William Neville, David Engle, John Taylor, "William McKinzie, Est. "White, Clark Eogers and Joshua Larkins. The membership having either died or removed to other regions, the organization is defunct. The postmasters at Yanport and the dates of their appointments have been the following: Thomas B. Boggs, appointed Jan. 16, 1882; Miller Flocker, Feb. 1, 1882; Baker Eeed, Sept. 9, 1885. The leading industry, of the place is the manufacture of lime. INDUSTRY TOWNSHIP. This township is situated on the northern side of the Ohio river, near the center of the county. It is bounded by the townships of Ohio and Brighton, and by the Oiiio river. It was formed Feb. 1, 1856. Its two towns are Industry and Eogers' Ferry, a small place on the north bank of the Ohio. The township is drained by the Six-Mile and Wolf's runs, two small streams that empty into the Ohio near each other. The surface of the township is quite irregular. Coal of good quality is mined quite extensively throughout the district, also lime- stone, sandstone and shale. Salt is also manufactured at Industry from the salt water found there, and quarries throughout the township pro- duce very fair building stone. The population of the township in 1880 was T51. VILLAGE OF INDUSTRY. This village is situated in Industry township, on the north bank of the Ohio river. It is a sprightly station on the line of the Cleveland & Pittsburgh railway, and is about seven miles below Beaver. It was surveyed by William McCallister, on the 14th of Sept., 1836, which marks the origin of the place. The streets parallel with the river were named Lemon, Orange, Canal and Coal; those at right angles. Canton, Huron and Wabash. , The plat seems to have been lost for a time; but on the 4th of Jan., 1859, Mrs. Eleanor McCallister went before A. E. Moore, justice of the peace, and identified the plat as the work of her husband. WEST SIDE TOWNSHIPS. 583 The industries of the place have been somewhat marked. Some- time in the fifties a sawmill was established. In 1869 the Baker Bros, acquired the property and added a flouring mill. In 1872 George Engle became a partner, and in 1883 the sole proprietor of the estab- lishment. It has done an extensive business. The Acme Oil Company, a joint-stock enterprise, was established in 1880, with Eobert Monroe of Pittsburgh as president, H. Hamilton, secretary, and P. S. Loveridge, manager. With extensive grounds and buildings, they have worked the crude oil obtained at Smith's Ferry and elsewhere into refined products that met a general demand. A good hotel, the " Aber House," has provided temporary homes for weary travelers. The Industry Academy, with frame building 40 by 50 feet, rein- forced by an " L," 20 by 30, and the public schools, have provided mental pabulum for the youth of the community. Two churches have supplied moral instruction for the community for a number of years, the Presbyterian and the United Brethren. Other organizations had au existence, but have passed away. The Indust/ry Preshytei'ian Church began its existence on the 16th of Oct., 1865, in the old brick church in Industry'. It is a daughter of the Bethlehem church across the Ohio river, and was organized with seventeen members by a committee of the Allegheny Presbytery. John Jackman and J. W. Engle have served as elders from the organization; John Jackman was the first treasurer; Levi Barns the present incumbent; J. W. Engle has acted as secretary from the first, and kindly supplied the facts for this brief sketch. In 1870 a frame church edifice, 36 by 50 feet, was erected at a cost of $2,600. In 1868, 1870 and 1875 notable revivals were held in the village, resulting in a large number of accessions to the church. Churches under the control of other denominations ceased their exist- ence, but this one has continued steadfast, though at present it strug- gles on without a regular pastor. In addition to certain supplies, it has been served by the following pastors: Eevs. M. L. Wortman, five years; M. A. Parkinson, five years; P. J. Cummings, five years; at present (1887) the congregation is without a pastor. The expenses of the church average $550 per annum. The official board has embraced the following named gentlemen — Elders: John Jackman and J. W. Engle; treasurers: John Jackman arid Levi Barnes. The United Brethren for a time had a flourishing congregation, embracing such men as Eichard iKnight, John Knight, Daniel Knight, 584 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. John Mason and brothers. The congregation secured a good frame house of worship; but from removals and other causes they have ceased to meet. A postoffice was established in 1833, since which time it has been filled by the following named postmasters, the dates of their appoint- ment being also given: Thomas McCreeiy, April 16, 1833; William Cairns, May 9, 1836; Jacob Ross, Aug. 1, 1840; Hiram Cornell, July 31, 1845; Jacob Ross, Nov. 8, 1848; Jacob Russell, May 37, 18')6; Adam Montgomery, Feb. 26, 1858; Lavinia J. Riley, July 33, 1861; Jane Jack- man, May 31, 1878; Levi Barnes, Nov. 10, 1885. OHIO TOWNSHIP. Ohio township is situated north of the Ohio river, in the western portion of the county, adjoining the townships of South Beaver, Brigh- ton and Industry in Beaver county, those of St. Clair and Liverpool in Columbiana county, Ohio, and the Ohio river, which forms its southern boundary. Its principal villages are Fairview, Glasgow, Ohioville and Smith's Ferry. The township was organized in 1805-6, out of South Beaver. The surface is broken, although the soil is very fertile. Oil is found in the southern portion of the township. Population, in 1880, 1,376. Following is a list of the postmasters of the- town of Ohioville, with dates of appointments : Joshua Bawson, July 15, 1828 ; John Clark, April 25, 1839 ; James P. Scroggs, Aug. 31, 1835 ; Benoni Dawson, May 1, 1843 ; Hugh Shields, Nov. 26, 1847 ; Henry Siberts, Sept. 5, 1848 ; Philip Hill, July 14, 1849 ; Francis Hamilton, March 11, 1873 ; John Jackson, Aug. 16, 1873 ; Harrison Reid, April 14, 1873 ; Henry Hughes, June 3, 1873 ; Solomon J. Williams, Dec. 6, 1875 ; Eliz. B. Christian, April 8, 1879 ; Francis Hamilton, Oct. 31, 1879. Following are a list and the dates of appointment of the post- masters of Black Hawk : Peter Ferguson, March 2, 1837 ; Alfred Lyon, Feb. 10, 1840 ; Henry Briggs, Dec. 37, 1853 ; William McKey, May 5, 1857 ; James Badders, July 37, 1858 ; John Kerr, Oct. 21, 1861 ; N. J. McCormick, Dec. 28, 1866 ; Thomas G. Boyd, Jan. 18, 1870. T. J. Hamilton Post, iVb. 338, Q. A. R., was organized on the 23d of October, 1883, at Ohioville. Its charter members included L. J. Johnston, George W. McGafflck, George W. McKee, Thomas J. John- ston, Aaron McCoy, Joseph C. Irvin, JohnC. Davis, Harvey G.Shafer, Luther Barnes, Daniel Blackford, Solomon Melbron, Capt. J. H. John- ston, Joseph F. Herron, W. T. Warnock and G. B. Dawson. G, B. Dawson, Sanford Almy and Kenneth Davidson have severally occupied WEST SIDE TOWNSHIPS. 585 the position of commander. At present the corps of officers stands as follows : Kenneth Davidson, P. C: W. T. Warnock, S. V. C; Joseph Green, J. Y. C; T. J. Johnston, Adj't.; S. G. Patterson, Q.M.; Findley Cooley, Chap.; Joseph C. Irvin, O. D.; "William Carnao'le, 0. G. The present membership is twenty. St. PauVs Episcopal Church at Fairview was organized at an early day, probably about 1830, to accommodatemembersof the church who could not attend at Georgetown. The Masons, Hoges, Pawsons and others were instrumental in securing the establishment of the congre- gation. The first house of worship was a modest frame which stood about two miles from Fair^acAv. It was replaced about 18T3 bv a sec- ond frame, a neat modern building, at a cost of some $2,500. Until within the last six years, it has been supplied by the same ministers who have officiated at Georgetown. The present pastor is the Eev. H. Q. Miller, of Beaver Falls. The congregation has a membership of some forty -five. smith's feert. This is one of the important stations along the Ohio river on the Cleveland and Pittsburgh railroad below Beaver. While the village itself is verj^ small, it is important because of its being the center of one of the first oil fields in the county, and because it has, for two- thirds of a centur3', been a point for communicating by ferry with the southern part of the county through Georgetown. It was named after Jesse Smith, who, about 1790, came from Maryland with his father, Thomas Smith, his brothers, Samuel, Thomas and Joseph, and three sisters, Kachel, Ann and Sarah The ferry, prior to 181Y, was owned by Benjamin Dawson, from whom it was bought at that time by Jesse. Jesse was born June 3, 1773, and died May 18, 1818. The original Thomas Smith was one of the first settlers of Georgetown. The first house in the village was a shanty belonging to James Clark, said to have been one of the first white men killed by the Indi- ans in Beaver county. He was shot by the redskins about three hun- dred feet from the present Smith's Hotel. He was returning from the bottoms with his cows when he was ambushed. His wife, hearing the report, took a canoe and carried her child across the river to the block- house at Georgetown. This occurred in 1792. Clark was the first person buried in the old graveyard at Georgetown, where his ashes still repose. The second house was built by Benjamin Dawson, and stood in front of the Western hotel, now owned and managed by Jesse Smith. Mr Smith's hotel was one of the earlv houses of the 586 HISTOEY OF BEAVER COUNTY. place. In 1837 it was in the hands of the Smiths, who were reported then as merchants and inkeepers. The present proprietor, Jesse, has kept a register of what has occurred m the locality for many years. On a fly-leaf of the hotel register for Saturday, Sept. 24, 1881, occurs this memorandum: " President James A. Garfield's dead body passed this place this morning, at 7:40 o'clock, for Cleveland, where it is to be laid away to rest. Born November 19, 1831; died September 19, 1881, making him 49 years and 10 months old." Smith's Ferry is the postoffice for the adjoining borough of Glas- gow. The office was established in 1834, since which time it has been served by the following named postmasters: Samuel Smith, appointed Oct. 20, 1834; John W. McFarran, Nov. 15, 1862; Jesse Smith, April 6, 1866; George W. McCormick, Sept. 9, 1885. Several important oil refineries are in progress at present. Of these mention is made of the Rockport, H. C. Chase, proprietor. It was opened in August, 1884. Its capacity is sixty barrels per day. All kinds of oil are manufactured and shipped in every direction. At present this firm supplies the Pennsylvania railroad west of Pittsburgh. The P. M. Wallover Company began about 1860, and is still in active operation. It was one of the first to commence business, and attracted people from all parts of the country. What was once called Seneca oil proved to be one of the indispensable articles of daily con- sumption. SOUTH BEAVER TOWNSHIP. This township is situated in the western part of the county, being bounded by the townships of Big Beaver, Chippewa, Darlington, Brighton and Ohio, in Beaver county, and Middleton township in Col- umbiana county, Ohio. It was one of the original townships of the county. The first settlers in its territory were deeply imbued with the fervent religious beliefs of the Scotch-Irish Presbyterians, and gave vent to their sentiments in. many strange ways. Thus we see that the qualifications .necessary for a teacher in the district schools of its township were, in the year 183o — (1) good moral character; (2) belief in the doctrine of the Trinity; (3) belief that the Old and New Testaments were the only rule of faith and practice; and (4) ability to teach the Shorter Catechism, if required by any in the district. The township is traversed by the Little Beaver, which flows along its northern border; by Brush Eun, which heads up in the eastern part and flows west almost through the center, emptying into the Little WEST SIDE TOWNSHIPS. 58T Beaver in Ohio, near the state line; and by Brady's Eun, which heads up in the southeastern corner. The surface of the township is broken, but the soil is fertile, especially in the valleys, while among the hills- are found superior building stone, and, in places, coal. The population in 1880 was 1,025. The only village within the limits of South Beaver- township is Howe, a postofflce town, whose postmasters have been as follows — Calvin A. Smith, appointed Sept. 2, 1880; William Withow,^ Oct. 26, 1880, and Jacob Smith, Oct. 6, 1881. CHIPPEWA TOWNSHIP. This township is situated in the northern part of the county. It- is bounded on the east by the townships of Patterson and White, on the north by Big Beaver township, on the south by Brighton town- ship, and on the west by South Beaver township. It was formed a feV years before 18:20, subsequent to 1814. The main branch of Brady's Bun passes across its southwest corner,, while the north branch of the same stream flows south and east through the township. This is the most broken and uneven district in the whole county. The streams are small and swift, and have worn their way down through the massive sandstone that forms the hills until they have cut vast narrow gorges into which the sunlight scarcely ever enters. The only farming land worth tilling is found high up on the hill-tops, in what are known to the geologist as the barren measures. Deposits of coal are found in the township, but in such limited quantity as to be value- less. Shale and limestone also abound. Traces can be yet found of the great invasion of the northern glaciers. Strewn here and there over the surface of the township, on the hill-tops and in the valleys, are to be seen the granite rocks transported bj' the vast icebergs that swept down from the arctic seas in past ages, and, melting in the warm waters of the south, left these huge bowlders as rough monuments to their power and glory. The first school building erected in the township was built in 18;i0 by private subscriptions. It was subsequently donated to the public use', and was followed in 1836 by four additional structures, two frame and -two log houses. In 1860 the log buildings were replaced by better and more commodious ones of frame, and in 1870 another large, neat house was built; so that now the schools of the township are in fine condition and are well supplied with apparatus, convenient and tasty homes, and efficient teachers. The population of the township was,, in 1880, 908. 588 HISTOKY OF BEAVER COUNTY. PATTERSON TOWNSHIP. This is a small area 13'ing in the narrow neck between Brady's Eun and the Big Beaver. It is bounded by the townships of Chippewa, "White and Brighton and by the Beaver river, and was formed in 1845 from the township of Brighton. Its only town is Beaver Falls. The sur- face of the township is irregular. Coal is found in the hills, a; layer of the Darlington coal being between 15 and 23 inches in thickness. Ferriferous limestone, shale and sandstone are also found in great abundance. The first settlers of Patterson township were mostly Quakers, and among their first achievements was the founding of a good educa- tional system. The first school opened in the township was taught in 1806 by two Quaker ladies, Mary Eeeves and Mary Townsenct, and occupied an old log hut near the site of the present Patterson block. The only building erected by the township was built on the present territory of Beaver Falls, and is a neat frame structure capable of accommodating a large number of students. The population of the township, in 1880, was 130. BIG BEAVER T9WNSHIP. Situated in the northern part of the county, and bounded by Big Beaver township in Lawrence county, by Beaver river and by Chip- pewa, White and Darlington townships, in Beaver county, lies Big Beaver township, which was formed in 1801-2 from South Beaver township. Its towns are New Galilee, Homewood and Eock Point. According to the census of 1 880 the population of the township was 1,427. Following is the fist of postmasters who have had charge of the office at Eock Point: J. D. Husted (never qualified), appointed Dec. 13, 1876 ; Wmiam W. Hamilton, Dec. 20, 1876 ; Thomas M. McLucas, Oct. 12, 1877; J. B. Kellogg, March 21, 1881 ; Lewis S. Hoyt, March 29, 1881. HOMEWOOD. This is a neat little village of about 300 inhabitants on the P., Ft. W. & C. Ey. at its junction with the E. & P. E. E. In 1858 James Woods built the Homewood furnace, and put up a board on which were inscribed the words: " Homewood Station." The land upon which the town stands is part of a tract of 200 acres, bought in 1831 by Joseph M. Smith from William Grimshaw,* *Tbis gentleman was the author of a series of popular histories of the United States, Prance, England, etc. His worlis will yet he found in every complete library. WEST SIDE TOWNSHIPS. 589 agent of the Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank of Philadelphia. In 1859, Avhen the New Castle ct Beaver Yalle}^ railroad was built, Mr. Smith laid out the village. The first houses erected were those of William Foster, Esq., David Johnston, Adam Garner, John C. Chapman and Jonathan Grist. The Ohio & Pennsylvania railroad was built through the place in 1852, but the station was not established until 1864. Prior to the build- ing of the station, the railroad had, for a period of about nine months, used the bar-room of the Johnston House for ticket office and depot purposes. The postoflBce was established in 1862. The postmasters have been the following: WiUiam H. Foster, appointed Jan. 28, 1862 ; James C. Evans, Nov. T, 1866 ; John 11. Witherspoon, March 18, 1869 ; Mrs. Mary Crum, Sept. 21, 1885. The present school building in Homewood was erected in 1870. There is an Odd Fellows' lodge in the village. The merchants are H. M. Shipman, J. H. Witherspoon, G. E. McCready and W. II. Wallace. The Methodist Episcopal Churchy Ilomewood, was organized in 1869 by Kev. J. W. Clabaugh, with the following members — -W. H. Foster, David Knowles, J. Ghrist, A. Hunter, E. S. Foster, J. W. Smith, Frederick Graham and Clark Hunter, as the official board. The same year a frame structure, with lecture room on the first floor, was erected at a cost of $3,000. It is 36 by 50 feet.\ It has lately been l-eroofed and repainted internally and externally. The mem- bership numbers about 100. The condition of the congregation is good, the annual expenses aggregating some $315. The following pastors liave served it: Eevs. M. Ingram, J. J. Jackson, J. G. Gogley, Miller, J. W. Kessler, C. M. Westlalce, W. K. Brown, W. F. Lauck, J. L. Deens, O. H. P. Graham and M. S. Kendig. NEW GALILEE BOROUGH. New Galilee is situated in the western part of Big Beaver town- ship, on the line of the Pittsburg, Fort Wayne & Chicago railway, and is one of the termini of the Pittsburg, Marion & Chicago railroad. It is in a district richly supplied with coal and timber, and consequently blessed with man«facturing possibilities. Application was made at the June session of court, 1867, by P. L. Grim, Eobert Porter, J. B. Johnston, W. Thompson, John Aoheson^ W. D. Eakin, John Graebing, E. E. Hudson, Dr. R. J. Brittain, and twenty-two others, for the rights of incorporation. The case was 33 590 HISTOEY OF BEAVEE COTJNTT. referred to the grand jury, by which it was approved. The decree was granted January 15, 1868. The first election was held the third Friday of March following, at which J. S. Hudson was judge, and W. D. Eakin and John Acheson were inspectors. It was surveyed and platted June 13 and 14, 1876, by James Harper, C. S. Its northerly streets are Washington avenue and Centennial avenue. The easterly, Jackson, Jefferson, Monroe and Madison. The population by the census of 1880 was 259, but is considerably more at this time. The postoffice of the place has been in existence since 1856, and has had the following named incumbents: William Eakin, appointed Feb. 11, 1856; .James K. Weir, Oct. 20, 1860; John S. Hudson, Dec. 2, 1862; John B. Johnston, May 12, 1865; William J. Johnston, Jan. 16, 1880; James Hudson, Nov. 22, 1880; John Graebing, June 8, 1886; George W. Pyle, Oct. 22, 1886. Rocky Spring United Presbyterian Congregation of New Galilee. Of this congregation, Rev. S. Patterson says: The congregation, as near as I can ascertain, was organized about the year 1827 by the Presbytery of Monongahela, in connection with the Associate Reformed Presby- terian church. The congregation worshiped at first in a tent, situated about one and a half miles west of the present town of Homewood. A short time afterward a frame church was built about a mile still farther west, in which the congregation worshiped till the spring of 1868, when it entered its new house built the previous year in the town of New Galilee. The cost of the new building when completed and furnished was about $8,000, and compares favorably with modern church buildings. They gave the name Rocky Spring to the church. Its first pastor was Rev. Moses Keer. He, after a short pastorate, was removed by death. Their next pastor was Rev. T. L. Speer, who remained with them till 1843, giving half of his time to them and the other half to the congregation of New Brighton. From that time to the first Sabbath of May, 1849, they remained vacant, receiving supplies of preaching from Presbytery. On that Sabbath I preached to them my first sermon as pastor of the congregation. It had then on its roll about eighty members. It grew gradually till it had a membership of 175 or 180. Its numbers now, from deaths and removals, are reduced to about 150. The congregation still continues in a good healthy working condition, both spiritually and financially. The Little Beaver congregation of the Reformed Presbyterian Church was organized by Eev. Mathew "Williams, who was ordained and installed by the Pittsburgh Presbytery in 1807. The first church edifice was erected soon after the organization. It was a plain brick structure, and was located about one mile from New Galilee. Among the original members of the congregation were, the Youngs, the Cooks, the McCanlises and the McGeorges. The first pastor was succeeded by Eev. Eobert Gibson, who was installed in 1817, and remained nine years. The successive pastors since that time with dates of installation and time of service have been— Eevs. George Scott, 1830, four years; WEST SIDE TOWNSHIPS. 591 J. Blackwood, 183i, six years; J. "W. Morton, 1845, two years; Samuel Sterrett, 184S, ten years; N. M. Johnston, 1862. Mr. Johnston remained twenty-three years. For the past two years the congregation has been without a pastor. The present membership is about one hun- dred. The present brick church in New Galilee was built in 1872. DARLINGTON TOWNSHIP. This township is situated in the extreme northwestern part of the county, and is bounded by Little Beaver township in Lawrence county;. Big Beaver and South Beaver townships in Beaver county, and Mid- dleton and Unity townships in Columbiana county, Ohio. It was formed Oct. 15, 1847, from Little Beaver. Its only town is Darlington. The surface is less abrupt than in the southern portions of the county, and the farming land is without superior anywhere in the northwestern part of the state. The north fork of the Little Beaver flows along its eastern border, and also forms its southern boundary all the way to the state line. The township is particularly rich in coal and sandstone. One bed, the Darlington cannel and coal bed, has become noted for the superior quality of coal found in it. The layer of cannel varies in thickness from seven to twelve feet, the former being its average thickness. The product from this mine is shipped to Cleveland, where it is utilized in the manufacture of illuminating gas. Scattered here and there over the surface of the township are found huge granite bowlders, rounded by constant friction with the vast masses of snow, ice and gravel that in past ages must have trans- ported them to their present location, and, overpowered by the warm rays of the southern sun, deposited the freight of rocks and gravel in the fields where they are now found. Not only in the valleys are these bowlders found, but also on the summits of the highest hills, thus affording some evidence of the immensity of the icebergs and glaciers that brought them. The population of the township, according to the census of 1880, was 1,464. WHITE TOWNSHIP. On the 15th of June, 1887, a petition signed by ninety-one inhab- itants of Chippewa township was presented to the court of quarter sessions of Beaver county, setting forth as follows: That they labor under great inconvenience by reason of the size of said township, and that it will be greatly to their advantage and convenience to divide the said town- ship in the manner following, viz: By a line running from the intersection of Big" 592 HISTOEY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. Beaver and Chippewa townships, at a point on Wallace's run, where the lands for- merly owned by Joseph Brittain and Jackson Boyle, Chippewa township, and Robert Wallace's heirs and Hugh Thompson's heirs, in Big Beaver township, corner or join; thence extending in a northerly direction along the line of lands formerly owned by Joseph Brittain, leaving the village of Oakville on the east; thence by farms formerly of Abner Broden, Samuel Wells and Nathan Brooks to the northwest corner of Patter- son township, where said Patterson township meets or corners with the township of Chippewa. The petitioners, therefore, pray that the said township may be divided in the manner and by the line as aforesaid, etc. Harry T. Barker, David E. Lowry and Levi Fish were appointed viewers, and on the 15th of Sept., 1887, they reported favorably on the petition. On the 8th day of Nov., 1887, the election of officers of the township of Chippewa certified that at the election held that day "one hundred and forty -three votes were cast 'for' and 'against' the division of said township, of which number there were one hundred and thirty-four votes 'for' said division, and nine votes 'against ' said division." On the 8th of Dec, 1887, the return having been laid before the court, it was " Ordered and decreed that the said township be erected agreeably to the lines marked out and returned by the commis- sioners; and it is further ordered and decreed that the name of the new township erected from that portion of the old township east of the division line returned bj^ said commissioners shall be called WHITE." This name was conferred in honor of John "White, the first settler in Chippewa township, many of the descendants of whom still reside in Beaver county. CHAPTEE XXV. EAST SIDE TOWNSHIPS. Economy Township — Harmony Township — Legionville — New Sew- lOKLEY Township — Pulaski Township — Noeth Sewickley Town- ship — Marion Township — Franklin Township. ECONOMY TOWNSHIP. ECONOMY township is situated in the -southeast corner of the county. It is bounded on the north by New SewicMey, east by Butler county, south by Allegheny county and Harmony township, and west by Harmony township and the Ohio river. It was formed about 1825-26, and originally included Economy township and the borough of Baden. No streams of any size enter the Ohio from this township, but the Big Sewickley touches its southeast limits. The township is well sup- plied with limestone, red clay, sandstone and coal. The principal town within its limits is the borough of Baden. Eemington and Agneware stations on the P., Ft. W. & C. ~Ry. In the southeast part of the township is the small village of "Wall Pose. It has a German Evan- gelical church, which was incorporated April 6, 1884, by Henry Gross, A. Haag, John Heil, B. Yeager, Andrew Kosenbaum and Philip Eisen- huth. The postoflfice at Wall Pose was established in 1863. The post- masters and dates of their appointments have been as follows : Jacob Breitenstein, April 2T, 1863; Mary Breitenstein, Nov. 2, 18Y1; J. C. McCormick, April -5, 1872; C. P. McKee, Sept. 15, 1873; Henry Gross, Nov. 25, 1884. The population of the township in 1880 was 1,024. There is in this township the Concord Presbyterian church. It was incorporated Nov. 2, 1885, by James J. McElhenny, William H- Morgan, Henry Synder, Enos Smith and Robert Baker. HARMONY TOWNSHIP. This township is a small one in the southeastern part of the county, 594 HISTORY OF BEATEE COUNTY. east of the Ohio river. It is bounded by the Ohio river on the west, Economy township on the north and east, and Allegheny county on the south. It was formed about 1849, or 1850, from Economy township, and belongs wholly to the Harmony Society, whose history is given elsewhere. The two points in the township of importance, because of their historic interest, are Legionville and Economy, the history of which will be given separately. Economy is the village headquarters of the Harmony Society. In it live the elders of the society, and in it are the stores, schools, church edifice, hotel, shops, warehouses, etc. It is a beautiful village on the P., Ft. W. & C. Ky., whose people have always been noted for their sobriety, generosity, and patriotic and decorous behavior. It has a postofBce which was established in 1826. There have been but three postmasters, appointed as follows: "William Smith, Jan. 12, 1826; Eomehus L. Baker, April 10, 1832; Jacob Henrici, April 16, 1868. The Harmony SorAety. Socialism is the doctrine that society should be reorganized on more harmonious and equitable principles, communism and cooperation being its chief phases or developments. Plato's ideal republic was to consist of three classes, viz : 1. The educated, or the law-makers and rulers. 2. The common people, including agriculturalists and other laborers. 3. The soldiers. Among the early Jews was a sect, the Essenes, who two centuries before Christ had established socialistic ideas on the western shores of the Dead Sea. They held their property in common. Sir Thomas Moore's "Utopia" was an attempt to give a description of a commonwealth Avhose citizens realized the maximum of earthly prosperity and happi- ness. Of the numerous forms of communistic societies in the United States, Shakerism began in ITSO; the Rappists in 1805; the Zoorites in 181T; the Amana community and the Bethel community in 1844, and the Oneida Perfectionists in 1848. The fundamental doctrines of cooperation are thus formulated by distinguished authorities : Louis Blanc — " From each according to his ability, to each according to his need." Moriar — " Cooperation is the child of socialism, rescued by the economist, from the dangerous cus- tody of its parents." The Harmony Society, thus far the most successful experiment in religio-cobperative association ever made on this continent, if not in the world, owes its origin to causes which existed in Europe during the latter part of the eighteenth century. Owing to certain restrictions EAST SIDE TOWNSHIPS. 595 upon their religious views and practices, many of tlie more conscien- tious determined to seek a home where they might enjoy their religious fellowships without let or hindrance. Their supposed exolusiveness in the fatherland subjected them to the derisive name of " Pietists." These views finally needed public expounders and defenders. This necessity brought to the front two men thoroughly qualified for the emergency, Michael Hahn and George Rapp. They felt the burden of responsi- bility imposed upon them, and discoursed, from time to time, to the vast crowds eager to hear them. Of the two, Hahn was the more highly cultured, being a man of letters, whereas Rapp was a farmer and a vine planter, possessed of only the rudiments of an education as furnished by the common schools of his day. Rapp and his coadjutors were denied still further privi- leges, not being permitted to form a settlement in their own country, though it w^s known they were not only peaceable citizens but thoroughly law-abiding and loyal. At length, in the year 1803, George Rapp, with three or four others, came to America to find a location adapted to their colony. After testing a number of localities, they ultimately purchased a large tract of land near Zelienople, in Butler county. Pa. In the autumn of the following year they Avere reinforced by three ship-loads of colonists, most of whom spent the winter in Philadelphia, Baltimore and other places; while a few came on and assisted Rapp in establishing a town. It is needless to say the latter class experienced rigorous hardships. On the 15th of February, 1805, Rapp and his associates having spent the winter in making preparation, joined with their brethren in an asso- ciation whose primal principle was tlie community of goods. All the possessions of rich and poor alike were thrown into a common stock, to be shared by all as necessity required. They adopted a simple and uniform style of dress, and made their dwellings of uniform size and appearance. The resulting organization they called the "Harmony Society," and their town, " Harmony." Accessions were made to their ranks, the number of families reaching 125. George Rapp was chosen their general and spiritual leader, and his adopted son, Frederick Rapp (otherwise Frederick Reichert), was made general external business manager. About two years subsequent to their organization they took what they regarded an advance step toward leading a pure OTid holy life by abjuring matrimony. No rending of family ties ensued; but husbands and wives, by mutual agreement, dwelt together as friends simply, be- 596 HISTORY 'OF BEAVEE COUNTY. lieving that thus, by self-denial, could they approach more closely to the true standard of Christian life, and hasten- the dawn of the cherished millennium in which they professed the most implicit faith. This principle of sexual abstinence was applied, also, to the use of tobacco and strong drink. Self-denigl for conscience sake was advo- cated as a cardinal doctrine. In this repect this band of primitive re- formers set an example that might be worthily imitated at a later period by those professing a higher standard of moral obligation. The town of Harmony being located within a mile of the older village of Zelienople, a competition arose as to which of the villages should secure the postof&ce and the postroad then about to be laid out from rittsburgh to Lake Erie. The opponents of the Harmonists re- ported that the organization Avas in a wrangle, and likely to be dis- banded at an early date. Harmony Society secured both of the coveted prizes; but the reports circulated aga,inst them injured their financial standing, as Frederick Rapp discovered when he went to Pittsburgh to buy supplies, he being refused credit by his former friends. The training which these hardships produced was a valuable edu- cation. It prepared for the greater conflicts yet in the future, and for the due appreciation of the victories destined yet to crown all. The society grew and prospered at Harmony until 1814, when its members determined to find a new home free from the objection of being twelve miles from navigaton and surrounded by a soil and climate unfitted for the productions they most desired lo obtain. They sent a com- missioner to the West to find a home. The position was chosen in the valley of the Wabash, mainly in Posey county, Indiana. There they purchased about 30,000 acres of unimproved government lands, together with some cultivated tracts from farmers. Having meantime disposed ot their Pennsylvania possessions, sotne 6,000 acres, with all the improvements, for $100,000, they w^ent actively to work to build up their new colony, which likewise they called Harmony. After ten years' effort they became convinced that their new field was not what they needed, and accordingly authorized Eichard Flower, an Englishman residing at Albion, III, to negotiate the sale of their property, offering him a commission of $6,000. He preceded to England, and thence to Scotland, where he sold the whole plant to Robert Owen, of New Lanark, for $150,000— a great sacrifice on their part, and a poor investment on his, as the sequel showed, his New Harmony, as he named it, failing to attract the migration he anticipated. EAST SIDE TOWNSHIPS, 597 The society returned to Pennsylvania, purchased their present beautiful site in Beaver counter, and established their third town in 1825, giving to it the significant name of " Economy," but retaining " Har- mony" as the name of the organization. Since their return their growth has been substantial. In October, 1831, a letter was received by George Eapp, from a pompous and widely-heralded apostle who signed himself by various names* — "Count DeLeon," "Divine Messenger," "Broli," etc., — announcing the arrival in New York of forty persons, and desiring to know whether they could be accommodated with homes at Economy during the winter. Answering affirmatively, the distinguished person- age came and was received with all the honor due his strongly-heralded greatness. Mr. Rapp had pi'epared his people to expect some marked revelations when Leon came. The strong indorsement which he — basing his action upon a commendatory letter purporting to come from Dr. John G. Goentgen, of Germany — gave the self-appointed count laid the foundation for great trouble in the near future. Planting himself upon this recommendation, and taking advantage of some dissension existing in the society in consequence of the strong restrictions and prohibi- tions thrown about the relationship of the sexes, Leon soon formed a strong party that was dissatisfied with their lot. This number increased until about 250 persons, embracing many prominent and subsequently influential families of Beaver county, were ready to secede from the society, and did so under the leadership of the Count. For a consider- able period the indications were that the general society would be broken up. Members of the same family espoused opposite sides. Strife and contention and bitter feelings for a time usurped the place recently occupied by quiet and contentment. The difficulty encountered was how best and soonest to get rid of the disturbing element. Legal processes would be expensive and tedious. A compromise was finally resorted to. On the 6th of March, 1832, the following terms, in substance, were agreed upon : 1. Leon and his adherents were to leave Economy within three months (he within six weeks), taking their personal clothing, household furniture, ' etc., but relinquishing all claims upon company property, money, real estate, etc. 2. The society was to pay the seceders the sum of $105,000 in three installments within a year, the first third to be paid in hand. The terms were readily accepted, Leon and his coadjutors purchasing the village of Phillipsburg and endeavoring to build up a community *His real name was Bernard MliUer. 598 HISTOKY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. which would more than ecHpse Economy. The history of the enter- prise Avill be found in the chapter on Phillipsburg. The Harmony Society, true to the name by which it was christ- ened, has never indulged voluntarily in litigation. Whenever it has done so it was because its rights were invaded, and self-defense and self- respect required a departure from its usual peaceful course. The rec- ords of its legal cases show the employment of the best talent in the country, and the adjudication of questions involving the highest rights of persons and property. We can but briefly hint at these cases, which are fully reported in the law books. The first suit was brought by Eugene Miiller, who withdrew from the society in 1821-22, and removed to Pittsburgh. He was not an 'original member, and hence not in full sympathy with the organization. His action was brought to recover wages for services rendered while a member. Inasmuch as the articles of association which he signed upon joining renounced all such claims, he was very easily defeated in the court. The society was represented by such men as James Ross and John H. Hopkins, the latter then an attorney, but subsequently the senior bishop of the Episcopal church in the United States. The second case was that of Jacob Schriber in right of his father, Peter Schriber, who, with his five sons and four daughters, joined the society in 1806, only one year after its organization. Peter was formerly a resident of Adams County, Pa., but had removed to Columbiana county, Ohio, where he was met by George Rappin 1803, and induced to sell his estate, which consisted of about a thousand acres, and put the proceeds, about $8,000, in the Harmony Society, of which he became a willing member. All the members of the family indorsed this action of their father and remained faithful members except Jacob, the fourth son Somewhat visionary, he was desirous that the society should be transferred to the land of Palestine to await the second coming of the Messiah. His views meeting with little encouragement, he withdrew from the society, in 1826, and returned to Ohio. Meeting other- disaffected members he joined with them in a memorial to the legislature of Pennsylvania asking for an investigation of the affairs of the Harmony Society and a satisfactory redress of grievances. The judiciary committee, to whom the memorial was referred, reported adversely to the claims, and suggested that the remedy for pecuniary claims lay in an appeal to the courts of justice. After the death of Peter Schriber, Jacob, as one of the surviving heirs, took out letters of administration and made demands upon the society for an account of his father's property in their hands. Suit was brought before Judge John Bredin in the court of common pleas of Beaver county, who decided adversely to the claim. An appeal was taken to the supreme court of the state, which affirmed the decision of the lower court. The next exciting case was that of Joshua Nachtrieb, who filed a bill in equity before the circuit court of the United States for the Western District of Pennsylvania, at the November term, 1849. It was charged that the complainant, a member of the society, was unjustly excluded and deprived of any participation in the property and benefits of the association, and that he should be given his proportionate share of the property at the time of his exclusion. The counsel for the complainant embraced such distinguished legal talent as Charles Shaler, Edwin M. Stanton and T. Umbstaetter; for the society, A. W. Loomisand Wilson McCandless. During 1850-51 a great mass of testi- EAST SIDE TOWNSllIl'S. 599 ■mony was taken in various places by commissioners appointed by the court, and the case was finally argued in November, 18l51, before Judges Grier and Irwin, who, on the 51h of the following April, decided in favor of the complainant. The trustees of the society, R. L. Baker and Jacob Henrici, were ordered to present a full showing of the society's business during the twenty-seven years of .the complainant's membership, in order that he might be awarded his proper share. This involved not only a vast amount of labor but an inquisitorial inspection of its business methods, its possessions in real estate and money, and the merits of the society as a deposit for the possessions of its con- fiding members. As a result of all this, the business methods were found to be of the most improved kind and the integrity of its agents beyond reproach. Judge Grier issued a decree in 1855 awarding the complainant the sum of $8,895. Before the decree could be enforced, however, an appeal was taken by the society to the supreme court of the ■United States. The case was finally decided at the December term, 1856, Justice Campbell pronouncing the judgment of that august body . The decree of the lower <;ourt was reversed, and Nachtrieb was unable to realize from the savings of the Har- mony Society what he hoped would make his declining years easy and comfortable. The argument of Loomis before the supreme court is said by competent authority to have been one of the most able, scholarly and eloquent efforts ever made before that body. To retrace the current of time a little, we remark that a second critical period in the histor}^ of the society was passed in 1847, the date of George Rapp's death. All the property and means of the society having been held in trust for it by him, it was necessary to reorganize. "Walter Forward, of Pittsburgh, and Daniel Agnew, of Beaver, were called upon to assist in the reorganization. Articles of association were drawn up and signed by all members, male and female. A form of government for the regulation of the society in future was drawn up and signed. Two trustees, E. L. Baker and Jacob Hen- rici, were appointed to hold titles and manage the affairs of the society. Henrici was, at first, the rehgious teacher and guide, but a change was deemed best, and E. L. Baker was substituted. After the death of Baker, Jan. 11, 1868, Henrici resumed his former position and duties. Jonathan Lenz was chosen a co-trustee with Henrici, which position they still hold. LEGIONVILLE. Legionville of to-day is comjiaratively unimportant. It is simply a way station on the Pittsburg, Ft. "Wayne & Chicago railway, in the northwestern corner of Harmony township. The place has one house, in which lives the agent, George Brown, with his family. He is a Frenchman, who served four years in the civil war as a member of com- pany B, fourth Pennsylvania cavalry. During the foregoing period he was a prisoner for fifteen months in the Southern Gehenna, known as Andersonville. 600 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. The importance of Legionville is owing to two considerations: 1. It is near the ancient Logstown, the most important Indian village on the Ohio river. 2. It, was the place selected by Gen. Anthony Wayne for the rendezvous of his army during the winter of 1792-93. Logstown was a Sha\Yanee village whose origin is unknown, but whose importance cannot be overestimated. It is described by De Cel- eron, in 1749, as " oiie of the largest on the river, consisting of fifty cabins of Iroquois, Shawnees and Loups; also Iroquois from the Sault St. Louis and Lake of the Two Mountains, with some Nippissinques,. Abenekis and Ottawas." Bonnecamps, a chaplain with De CeleroUj estimated the number of cabins at eighty. It seems to have been quite a large place, and to have had the features of permanence. In his first expedition in 1753, Washington invited Shingiss, king of the Delawares, to accompany him to a coun- cil at Logstown. The king accompanied him, and they "arrived be- tween sun-setting and dark. " " As soon as I came into town," says . Washington, — showing that it was a place of sufiicient size to be given the title of " town." The question of location is one of the mooted questions that have been difficult to settle. The writer locates it back of Legionville on the hills, north of the Ohio river, for the following reasons: 1. It was properly on the Indian side of tlie Ohio, where it waseasily accessible from the various Indian towns in that region up the Big Beaver, etc. 3. When Washington, en route for Logstown, came to the forks of the Ohio, he had to cross the Allegheny to reach the place, a fact which would not have been necessary had it been on the south side, as maintained by some. 3. When Frederick Post made his trip, he said: "I, with my companion, came to Logstown, situated on hill. On the east end is a great piece of low land, where the old Logstown used to stand. In the new Logstown, the French have built about thirty houses for the Indians." When we remember that Post having come from the East, via Venango and Big Beaver, was travBling along the north bank of the Ohio, there can be no doubt of the location of Logstown on the same side. Besides, the description given of the place corresponds to the region of Legionville, as the writer himself can testify from personal observations made in August, 1887. 4. Hutchins, who gives an account of the expedition of Colonel Henry Bouquet, to the Muskingum in 1764, says: " We passed through Logstown." He reprt-.stnls the march of the troops along the north bank of the Ohio. 5. On the 5th of September, 1787, Isaac Melcher, of Philadelphia, laid out a town whose history has never been brought to the notice of Beaver county hitherto, and called it Montmorin. The following is his own description of the place: " This town, laid out at the solicitation of several gentlemen, is delightfully situated on the north bank of the Ohio river, on a beautiful plain that is not liable to be overflowed, in a healthy and fer- tile country, about eighteen miles below Fort Pitt, on the road to Fort Mcintosh in Westmoreland county, in the state of Pennsylvania, and at th^ ancient settlement fwm- EAST SIDE TOWNSHIPS. 601 erly called Logstown, which was abandoned previous to the peace of 1763, where an extensive trade was carried on many years.'' This new town, laid out just before the formation of Allegheny county, and hence before Pittsburgh had become a capital, was boomed by its proprietors on account of its historic and natural location. It came nigh outstripping the towns at the mouths of both the Allegheny and Monongahela and the Ohio and Big Beaver, the proprietors saying oracularly " it will probably become the county seat." With streets vary- ing in width from 66 to 99 feet, with 740 lots, 100 of which were designated for public, educational and religious uses, all sold at $10 each, and with the great tide of western migration passing either through it or by it, Montmorin was intended to outstrip all competitors. It may yet have a lona fide existence, and more than realize the expectations of its pro- jectors. Logstown was important because it was the scene of some of the most important conferences ever held between the whites and Indians. There, in September, 1748, Conrad Weiser, the philanthropic missionary and interpreter to the Indians, convoyed by George Croghan, the Indian trader, presented to the tribes collected from various regions the various articles donated by the state of Pennsylvania, to win them from the French and ally them to the interests of the English. On that occasion representatives were in attendance from the following tribes : Senecas, Shawanese, Wyandots, Mohawks, Mohicans, Onandagas, Cayugas, Oneidas and Delawares. [The particulars of this conference will be found in "Weiser's journal.] On the 18th of May, 1751, Croghan again appeared at Logstown, this time with Andrew Montour, on a mission of commercial friendship with the Indians. Chiefs of the Six Nations were then living at Logs- town. These Governor Hamilton was desirous of winning to the sup- port of the English as against the French, whose representative, Jon- coeur, was then in their midst striving to alienate them. The French messenger was informed in emphatic terms that his nation could expect no support from the Indians, and warned to make no further encroach- ments upon the territory of the red man. Croghan's mission seems to have fully accomplished its designs. Perhaps the most noted convocation ever assemrbled at Logstown occurred when, acting under written instrufctions from Kobert Dinwid- dle, governor of Virginia, Major George Washington, then in only his twenty-second year, made a long and perilous journey thither to hold a conference with Tanacharison, or Half-King, Monacatoocha, and other 602 HISTORY OF BEAVEK COUNTY. sachems of the Six Nations, vvrith a view to thwarting the purposes of the French in their efforts to connect the lalies with the main Ohio by a chain of forts. Washington's mission had a greater significance than the simple presentation to the Indians of desirable and valuable gifts to secure their continued friendship. It was a tour of observation, whose purpose was to- secure such information as would enable the English to defeat their European rival in the game then being played to decide whether this country should have an Anglo-Saxon or a Latin civiliza- tion. On his way to Logstown, which point he reached "between sun- setting and dark," the twenty-fifth day after he left Williamsburg, at Chartiers Washington met Shingiss, king of the Delawares, whom he induced to attend the council. Immediately on his arrival at the place, Washington went to Monacatoocha and acquainted him with his mission, requesting him also to send to Little Beaver creek, fifteen miles distant, for Half-King, who was then on a hunting excursion. A conference was then held with the principal men at Washington's tent. About three o'clock the next day Half-King arrived and was invited to Washington's tent, where he gave a full account of his experience with the French, and mapped out the best route to take to reach the French forts. Finally, after numerous conferences and delays, Washington, accompanied by Half-King, Jeskakake, White Thunder and the Hunter, started for Yenango, distant about sixty miles. The experiences and results of that expedition do not concern this narrative and need not be detailed here. Christian Frederick Post made another trip in July and August, 1Y58, for the same purpose had in view by his predecessors, and fortu- nately has left, for our information, a valuable journal of his experi- ences and observations. Reference has already been made to the trip of Colonel Bouquet in 1764, as the importance of Logstown was passing away, the Indians forsaking it as the capital of their confederacy. A new significance was given to Logstown in 1792-93, when Gen- eral Anthony Wayne, recently appointed by President Washington to conduct operations against the successful and haughty Indians of the Northwest, made' it the rendezvous of his troops. He was particularly instructed by President Washington to discipline his men thoroughly before he led them to battle, in order that the terrible defeat at St. Clair might not be repeated. In harmony with this suggestion,Wayne collected his forces at or near the site of Logstown, and spent the winter EAST SIDE TOWNSHIPS. 603 of 1792-93 in preparing them for action. The place he called Legion- ville, because there he trained his troops, and thoroughly inured them to the hardships which led to his ultimate victory over the Indians, and the treaty of Greenville August 3, 1795, the proper ending of the Eevo- lutionary war. His discipline was exceedingly rigid, but resulted in a degree of efficiency never before attained in any of the troops which operated against the western Indians. The drinking of intoxicants was absolutely forbidden to his soldiers. Some of them, however, clan- destinely went to a distillery which stood on Crow's Island, and which was run by Jonathan Hill, from whom, against orders, they obtained the obnoxious fluid and became intoxicated. As a warning of what would occur if the offense were repeated, "W"a3me sent a cannon ball crashing through a sycamore tree standing near the distillery. It is needless to say no further liquor was given to his men. The army left Legion ville April 13, 1793, sailing down the Ohio to Fort Washington, from which his future operations were conducted. It is proper to say, in passing, that a Logstown on the opposite side of the Ohio river existed at a very early day. It naturally took its name from the Indian Logstown already described, just as the Bridgewater of to-day has a station on the Rochester side of the Big Beaver, known as Bridgewater. Its name is subsequent to, and the result of, the original Bridgewater on the west side. In the same man- ner, it is easy to see, the controversy over the real Logstown originated. The one at' Legion ville is the original; the other on the opposite side, which is still in existence as a station on the p. & L. E. R. R., is the shadow of the old perpetuated into the period of certain history. This is the one described by most modern travelers in their descent of the river. It was tangible while the original had passed away. Hence the origin of a long and apparent fruitless controversy. NEW SEWICKLEY TOWNSHIP. This township is situated in the eastern portion of the county, and is bounded by the townships of Jackson and Cranberry in Butler countv, and Marion, North Sewickley, Pulaski and Economy in Beaver county. The township was formed in 1801. Brush cr6ek enters it from the east, near the center line, and flows diagonally clear across the township, leaving it in the northwest cor- ner. Crow's run, a small stream of little importance, drains the south- ern portion. The surface of the township is quite irregular. Big Knob, over 300 feet in height, claimed to be the highest point in the county,. 604: HISTORY OF BEAVER COUNTY. is located in this district. The valley-land is exceedingly fertile, and the hills furnish good limestone, sandstone, slate and occasional nodules of iron ore. Coal is found extensively, and is of a very fair quality. The first school-board that met in the township was organized Sept. 27, 1834. On the following year the district was divided into twelve subdistricts, and schools in each one of these subdistricts were put in operation as soon as teachers for them could be secured. Build- ings were erected from time to time, improvements made, apparatus supplied, until now the schools in this township are inferior to none in the|county. Within the limits of the township are located the towns of Union- ville (the postoffice of which is known as Brush Creek), Knob, Lovi, Freedom and St. Clair. T*he office at Brush Creek was established in 1855, discontinued June 13, 1871, reestablished May 17, 1872, discon- tinued April li, 1873, and reestablished July 21, 1873. Following is a list of the postmasters with dates of appointment: Robert Porter, Jan. 30, 185.5; Abraham Hunter, Dec. 13, 1855; George Ronscher, Feb. 14, 1866; P. H. Baker, July 2, 1869; Samuel Burns, July 21, 1873; John Snyder, July 25, 1879. The postmasters of Knob, which was discontinued Jan. 30, 1872, arid re-established April 9, 1872, have been as follows : John McCormack, Oct. 16, 1871; Robert Snead, April 9, 1872; James A. Camp- bell, April 2, 1873; Andrew McCullough, Sept. 1, 1879; Mary J. Powell, Nov. 5,1880; James B. Peirsol, Feb. 13, 1883. The postmaster at Lovi is John Hobinson, appointed June 24, 1881, at the establishment of the office. The population of the town- ship, according to the census of 1880, is 1,878. Bethel Methodist Episcopal Church. The inception of this con- gregation lay in the Pleasant Grove Sabbath-school, organized during the spring of 1879 in Steele's school-house, New Sewickley township. At the first meeting of this school, April 14, only thirty -five members were present. But the interest increased until, the following year, there were 150 enrolled. It was thought that if a Sunday-school was so successful, a church might also meet with fair success, and be the agent of much good. Accordingly, the schools purchased a small lot adjoining the school-house, bought the latter from the directors of the township, fitted it up for a church, and removed it to their land. Services were first held by Kev. J. E. Williams, who organized a Methodist class of some sixteen members. Upon the completion of c^^^J. EAST SIDE TOWNSHIPS. 605 the church building, the congregation began regular service as the Bethel M. E. church. It has been successfully ministered to by Rev. J. E. Williams, Eev. Kendall, Rev. R. Jordan, and by the present pas- tor. Rev. J. L. Stiffy, of Beaver. Its present condition is prosperous, and its future bright. Unionville Methodist Episoopal Church. The society of which the present congregation is the offspring, was first organized in what was then ISTew Sewickley, but now Pulaski, township. The first services were held in the house of Allen Tucker, by the first preachers of the congregation, Rev. "William Kerr and Rev. Charles Thorn. The first members were — Allen Tucker and Martha, his wife, George and Grace Champion, John Ferguson and wife, and Adam Johnston and wife. The place of preaching was soon changed to Samuel Burns', near Brush creek, in Xew Sewickley township, and after some time a log-house called Myser's meeting house was erected about one mile south of Unionville. In course of time, about 1842, a second building was put up, this one being a frame; but it was destroyed by fire March 4, 1883. The third and present edifice, also a frame, was immediately commenced, the corner-stone being laid July 7, 1883, and the dedica- tion occurring Kov. 25, 1883. Its cost was $2,400. The service was conducted by Rev. Thomas N. Boyle, presiding elder of the Allegheny district. The present pastor of the congregation is Rev. J. L. Stiffy. PULASKI TOWNSHIP. This township is located in the central part of the county, on the north side of the Ohio river and east of the Beaver. It is bounded by Beaver river and by the townships of Rochester, North Sewickley and New Sewickley. The Big Beaver river forms its western boundary, and it encloses the borough of New Brighton, which occupies the banks of the same stream. Blockhouse run is the only stream of any conse- quence which flows through it. This rises in the northeastern part of the township and empties into the Beaver. This district is particularly rich in coal, which is mined extensively, the product being of fair quality, valuable because of its abundance. A very fine grade of under-clay is found here, which is utilized in the manufacture of pottery and terra-cotta ware, a business conducted very extensively in this region. Sandstone and limestone also abound. The surface is quite irregular; in the valleys are found the superior clay beds, and among the hills the layers of coal, sandstone and shale. Extensive brick works, for , the manufacture of fire-bricks and grate- 38 606 HISTORY OF BEATEE COUNTY. backs are located in this township, giving employment to vast numbers of men, and acquiring for the township a distinction above its fellows for these produpts. The only town in its limits is New Brighton. The township's population in 1880 was 903. NORTH SEWICKLEY TOWNSHIP. North Sewickley is situated in' the extreme northern part of the county, and is bounded by the townships of Wayne, in Lawrence county, Franklin, Marion, New Sewickley and Pulaski, in Beaver county. The exact date of the formation of the township cannot be ascertained, but it was,previous to 1814. The Big Beaver forms its western boundary, and the Conoquenessing flows along its northeastern border. Brush creek flows along near the eastern line until within a short distance from where the Conoquenessing enters the township, and then empties into the latter stream about a mile below. Bennett's run is a small stream traversing the southern portion of the township, and empties into the Beaver from the east. The township is mostly highland, with deep drainage all around it, and the surface is consequently very much broken. Coal is mined quite extensively in various parts of the township, the product being exceptionally pure, of a black, glossy luster, and remarkably free from pyrites. Very excellent limestone is found in the bed of Bennett's run, as are also found sandstone and shale in abundance. The only town within the hmits of the township is North Sewick- ley. The population of the township in J 880 was, according to the census returns, 971. The postoffice was first estabhshed here in 1837, and the name was changed. May 27, 1845, to "Wiirtemburg; but the old title was readopted in 1849. Following is a list of the successive postmasters of the town, with dates of their appointment: Absalom S. Severns, Sr., appointed Dec. 13, 1837; Absalom Sevems, July 19, 1839; Nathaniel Hazen, May 10, 1843; Jonathan L. Leet, Nov. 8, 1849; James W. Taylor, March 19, 1851; Melvin Nye, April 3, 1856; James Patton, Jan. 26, 1860; James M. Bunyan, Feb. 1, 1866; Milton A. Clow, March 7, 1867; Archibald M. Mecblim,May 12, 1869; Millard P. Mecklen, April 9, 1874; Robert C. Criswell, Jan. 7, 1875; Nathan Hazen, June 14, 1875; Edward W. Liebendoefer, Dec. 21, 1883. Concord Methodist IJpiscopal Church was organized in the house of Thomas B. Elliott, in what is now North Sewickley township, about the year 1834. Among the first members the following names are found: Thomas B. Elliott, class leader; Edmund Boats and Eliza his wife, Nancy Elliott, Eev. John Boat and his brother, Kev. Samuel, together with their wives. The first preachers were Rev. Eichard Armstrong EAST SIDE TOWNSHIPS. 607 and Rev. Joshua Monroe. The first regular building, a frame 25 by 35 feet, was erected in 1S51 through the efforts of Rev. Joseph Alexander, a local preacher of New Brighton. This, becoming too small, was taken down May 30, 18S7, and the erection of a new one immediately- begun. The corner-stone of the new structure was laid June 10, 1887, the exercises being conducted by Rev. ^X. B. Watkins, D.D., of Beaver, assisted by Rev. T. N. Eaton, presiding elder of the Allegheny district; Rev. A. H. Miller, of Beaver Falls; Rev. W. F. Lauck, of Beaver, and the pastor. Rev. J. L. Stiify. The building, a neat frame structure 32 by -t-t feet, complete and substantial in all its equipments, was completed and dedicated Oct. 2, 1887. Its cost was about $1,500, and the amount necessary to clear the congregation from debt was all raised on the day of dedication. J-'rovidence Baptist Ohu7'ch of Korth Sewicklej^ was incorporated Nov. 1, ISSrt, by a board consisting of Joseph Hazen, IST. U. Hazen, John C. Johnston, Kathan Hazen and James K. Jones, with a purpose "to worship the Almighty God according to the faith, doc- trines, discipline and usages of the Regular Baptist church." The first trustees were C. C. Hazen, Thomas J. McDonald and E. J. Hazen. MARION TOWNSHIP. This township is situated in the northeastern part of the county, and is bounded by the townships of Jackson, in Butler county, and Franklin, Korth Sewickley and New Sewickley, in Beaver county. The Conoquenessing forms its northern boundary, and Brush creek flows along just within its eastern border. Its remaining streams are small, rising in the highlands on its southern border, passing with a rapid descent through the intervening country and emptj-ing into the Conoquenessing. Ooal, slate, limestone and sandstone form its geological character- istics. The former is quite valuable, being in some portions of the township of a remarkably pure quality, free from sulphur, pyrites and other impurities, so often rendering this product of Beaver county of little value. The township was erected in 18i5 out of North Sewickley town- ship. The first school-house within its limits was built in 1840, and was opened in the autumn of that year. The first structures were rude and unsupplied with modern apparatus, yet the influence that went out from their doors can never be too highly valued. The popu- lation of the township was, according to the census of 1880, 350. The 608 HISTOEY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. only town within the limits of the township is Barrisville. The follow- ing have had charge of the postoflSce at that place: Enoch W. Barris, appointed July 3, 1872; Mrs. Hanna Phillips, Nov. 3, 1882; John L. Yanarsdale, March 11, 1884; Eli U. Daniel, March 24, 1885. FRANKLIN TOWNSHIP. Franklin township is situated in the extreme northeastern portion of the county, and is bounded by the townships of Perry, in Lawrence county, Lancaster and Jackson, in Butler county, and Marion and North Sewickley, in Beaver county. The Conoquenessing creek forms its entire southern and western boundary. Camp run passes through it from Lawrence county, and with this exception all the streams are small, rising within the limits of the township and flowing into the Conoquenessing. Very fine Darlington coal is mined in this district, the product being superior for heating and for gas purposes, owing to its freedom from sulphur and other impurities. Limestone, sandstone, slate and shale are found in portions of the township. The township was erected in 1850. Lillie is the only town in the township, and the following postmasters have had charge of the postoflSce at that place: Henry E. Stefl9er, appointed June 27, 1883, and Matilda M. Steffler, April 23, 1887. The population of the town- ship was, in 1880, according to the census, 739. The United Presbyterian congregation of Camp Pun was incorpo- rated June 8, 1880, by a board consisting of J. C. "White, Abraham Thomas, Henry Bradford, William J.Wright and John F. Scott. The cliurch is in a flourishing condition, and is doing valiant service for the Master. CHAPTEE XXYI. BIOGRAPHIES— WEST SIDE. O. E. Aber, merchant, P. 0. Industry, was born in Allegheny county, Pa., in 1852. The family came from Germany at an early day. John Aber, grandfather of O. E., -was a native of Allegheny county, Pa., and a farmer. He had twelve children, of whom John, the eldest, was born and remained on the farm until he was twenty-four years of age. For a time John was engaged in school-teaching, and, later, in mercantile business, which he followed until his death. He married Marie Katz, who bore him three sons and three daughters, of whom O. E. is the youngest. Coming to Beaver county in 1861, the father located at Industry, where he became a prominent merchant up to the day of his death. He was succeeded by his eldest son and son-in-law, our sub- ject being engaged as clerk, and Anally becoming sole proprietor. He (O. E.)Tvas married in 1873 to Eliza, daughter of Eichard Walton, of this county, and one child, Cora Bell (now deceased), was born to them. Mr. Aber has eighty acres of well cultivated land and thirty-three cows, whose milk is daily shipped to Pittsburgh. He and his wife are members of the Presbyterian church. In politics he is a Republican. J. E. AcKisoN, Jr. , dealer in boots and shoes, Beaver Falls, was born in Washington, Pa., Nov. 25, 1856, and is a son of William and Mary (Knight) Ackison, of Washington county. His paternal grandfather was William Ackison, and maternal grandfather Joseph Knight, natives of England and pioneers of Washington county. Our subject was reared in his native county, and at the age of fifteen entered the store of William Semple, of Allegheny City, as an entry clerk, where he was employed five years. In 1878 he entered the employ of R. Hay, of Pittsburgh, and from 1882 until 1885 was with the wholesale shoe firm of Albree & Co. , of Pittsburgh. In November, 1885, he embarked in the retail boot and shoe trade at Beaver Falls. He is a gentleman of enterprise and business experience, and is building up a large and lucrative trade. John J. Aggeman, glass presser, Beaver Falls, was born in Pittsburgh, Feb. 7, 1853, and is a son of John and Elizabeth Aggeman. He was reared and educated in his native city, where he learned his trade. He located in Beaver Falls in 1879, and was one of the organizers of the Cooperative Flint Glass Works, of which he has since been a stock- holder, and was employed there until June 1, 1887. He served two years as a member of the board of directors of this company. He married, in 1882, Sadie Wright, of Walrose, Pa. , by whom Jie has had three children : Katie A. , John Thomas (deceased) and Eloy J. He is a member of St. Mary's Catholic church, and the Catholic Mutual Benefit Associa- tion. Politically he is a Democrat. Daniel Agnew. The outbreak of the rebellion found the supreme court of the United States, most of the state supreme courts, and by far the larger number of the lower courts, federal and state, in the hands of those whose political training inclined them to excuse, if not to approve, the cause of those who were seeking to betray the Union to its , destruction. The Pennsylvania bench was no exception to this rule. The majority of its supreme court was as little able as President Buchanan then seemed to be, to find any law or precedent to justify national self-preservation or to authorize the suppression of a gigantic rebellion. One of this majority. Judge George W.Woodward, when the dissolu- tion of the Union seemed imminent in 1861, declared, " If the Union is to be divided, I want the line of separation to run north of Pennsylvania. " Later, this same judge was very 609 610 HISTORY OF BEATEE COUNTY. properly chosen to formulate the decision of the Democratic majori y of the court which disfranchised the Pennsylvania soldiers in, the field. These and kindred acts so highly recommended Judge Woodward to his party that in the critical days of 1863, when the cause of the Union was trembling in the balance, he was selected to contest the re-election of Governor Andrew 6. Curtin. Chief-Justice Lowrie, who was in entire accord with his colleague on the bench, Judge Woodward, and the author of a then recent decision of the state supreme court, declaring the rational draft law unconstitutional, was a can- didate for re-election. In selecting a candidate to run against Chief -Justice Lowrie, the Republicans or Union men looked for a jurist of high legal attainments, who was firm in his convictions and of approved loyalty. All this and much more they found in Judge Agnew, of the Seventeenth Judicial District, whose services to the Union cause had made his name well known throughout the state. The ticket thus composed of Andrew G. Curtin for governor and Daniel Agnew for supreme judge proved too strong for the opposition, and carried the state, in October, by 15,000 majority. By virtue of this popular decision Pennsylvania's great War governor was retained in the position he had filled so worthily and well, and the state supreme court received an infusion of fresh blood, new thought, intense energy, and high patriotic impulse, which at that time it sadly needed. Judge Agnew's accession brought that court into harmony with the Union sentiment of the state and added immediately and in a marked degree to its strength and influence as a judicial body. Judge Agnew is a Pennsylvanian only by adoption and a life-long residence He was born in Trenton, JST. J., Jan. 5, 1809, and while yet a lad his parents came to Western Pennsylvania, on their way to the etate of Mississippi, and after a brief sojourn in Butler county, settled in Pittsburgh. There young Daniel lived, increasing in wisdom and stature until the dawning period of manhood, when he left the parental roof to go a little farther west and grow up with Beaver county. His father, James Agnew, M D., was a.native of Princeton, N. J., and graduated at its college in 1795. He studied medicine with Dr. McLean, the father of President McLean; took his degree in medicine at the University of Pennsylvania in 1800, and remained a year in Philadelphia under Dr. Benjamin Rush. His mother, Sarah B. Howell, was the eldest daughter of Governor Richard Howell, of New Jersey, who was a major of the New Jersey Continental line in the army of the Revolution. His paternal grandfather, Daniel Agnew, came from the County Antrim, in the north of Ireland, in the year 1764, and settled in New Jersey. On his mother's side he belonged to the Howells, of Caerfille, in Wales. The father of the future chief -justice was for a time uncertain where he should permanently pitch his tent. The century was just opening; a new country was all before him where to choose, and he was embarrassed by this wide range of choice. He first practised his profession for several years in Trenton, New Jersey, and then went to Mississippi in 1810. He returned in 1813, riding on horseback all the way from Natchez to Princeton, through the Indian country then known as the "wilderness." In the following October he started on his return journey to Mississippi with his family, intending to remain during the winter at the house of John L. Glaser, the owner of a furnace in Butler county, whose wife was a sister of Mrs. Agnew. But Mrs. Agnew, becoming alarmed at the wildness of the West and the dangers of navigation, then made in arks or flat-boats, declined to make the voyage down the Ohio and Mississippi, and the whole party came to a halt in Butler county. It was through this circumstance that Mississippi lost and Pennsylvania gained Daniel Agnew as one of its citizens.' The family were not unrepresented in Mississippi, however. Mrs. Agnew's brother estab- lished himself there, and her niece, Varina Howell, Judge Agnew's first cousin, is the present wife of the ex-Confederate chieftain, Mr. Jefferson Davis. Daniel Agnew was educated at the Western University, in Pittsburgh, and studied lawunder Henry Baldwin and W. W. Petterman. He was admitted to practice in the spring of 1829, and opened an office in Pittsburgh. Not succeeding as he wished, he went to Beaver in the summer of the same year, intending to return in a year or two. He soon created a practice, however, which once gained by a young lawyer is BICGRAPHIES WEST SIDE. 611 not lightly to be given up, and this fact, in connection with another, decided him to remain in Beaver permanently. The other potent influence on his decision was a Miss Elizabeth Moore, daughter of General Robert Moore, a leading lawyer and representa- tive in congress, who had lately died. In the abundant leisure afforded by a law prac- tice still in the future, he wooed, won and married in July, 1831, this lady, who has now shared his joys and sorrows, his honors and his cares, for fifty years, and still lives, no less hale and hearty than the Judge himself, rejoicing in the more constant companion- ship which the termination of lier husband's long engrossing public duties now brings to her. Land titles were unsettled in that western country, and in the extensive litiga- tion growing out of this circumstance, young Agnew early had a chance to show what he was made of, and he was prompt to improve it. He soon gained a high standing as a land lawyer, and with it a large practice. His first service to the state at large was in 1887, as a member of the constitutional convention which in that and the year following sat in Harrisburg and Philadelphia, forming a series of amendments to the constitution of 1790, and which subsequently became a part of it. Mr. Agnew drew up the amend- ment offered by his colleague, John Dickey, as to the appointment and tenure of the judiciary, known as Dickey's Amendment, afterwards modified by the amendment of 1850. It is proper to correct here a false charge brought against Judge Agnew by political enemies: that he voted in the convention to insert the word " white" in the article upon elections. On the question of insertion, he voted always against it; but after failing in that, voted for the section as a whole, on account of other most important amendments intended to prevent fraudulent voting. In June, 1851, he was appointed by Governor Johnston President Judge of the Seventeenth District, then composed of Beaver, Butler, Mercer and Lawrence counties. In the following October the people confirmed the appointment, electing him for a term of ten years. In 1861 he was reelected without opposition at the call of the members of the bar of all parties. He did not, however, consider that his duties as judge super- seded his duties as a citizen, and when the rebellion broke out, hebecsme known at once as an ardent and active supporter of the Union cause. The Virginia PanHatdle made Beaver a border county, and brought the atmosphere and spirit of secession into its very midst A committee of public safety of one hundred members was appointed, and Judge Agnew made its chairman. Later he was a zealous participant in the forma- tion and maintenance of the Christian Commission. As a judge, all his energies were bent to preserve peace and order, and to check the budding treason which had the temerity to show its head in the Seventeenth Judicial District. Other judges, even such -as were in sympathy with the Lincoln administration, were in doubt and perplexity as to their proper course in regard to the new issue which was suddenly sprung upon them. Judge Agnew, however, never hesitated. In him sound learning and sound sense went hand in hand ; and he found no difficulty in making the eternal principles which underlie all law apply to every time and every emergency. He was the first of the state judges to take cognizance of the aiders and abettors of rebellion around him, and enforce the necessity of obedience and the pjiramount duty of loyalty to the government. In May, 1861, more than four years before President Johnson talked of making treason odious, Judge Agnew, instructed the grand jurors of Lawrence country that treason was a crime, and all who had any part or lot in it were criminals before the law. In this charge he combated with overwhelming conclusiveness the doctrines held by the Northern alliqs of rebellion, that aid to the enemies of the United States, which the con- stitution defines to be treason, meant foreign enemies only. He instructed the grand jury that where a body of men were actually assembled for the purpose of effecting by force of treasonable purpose, all those who perform a part, however minute or however remote from the scene of action, were actually leagued in the general conspiracy, and were to be considered traitors. These were words fitly spoken and nobly spoken, at a time when treason was noisy and aggressive, and our leading public men were still under the delusion that it might 612 HISTOET OF BEAVEE COtJNTY. be put down by soft words and gentle dalliance. Had.Jother Northern judges every- where displayed the same spirit, the progress of our arms would not have been so often obstructed and the war prolonged by a disheartening and demoralizing fire in the rear. In answer to those who denied the power of the government to maintain itself against domestic assaults, he wrote and delivered a careful and elaborate address on the " National Constitution in its Adaptation to a State of War." This address was so timely and so strong, breathing such a lofty spirit of patriotism, a'nd evidently drawn from such rich stores of legal knowledge, that it at once invited public attenticn to its author, whose fame had been before confined to Western Pennsylvania. By fpecial request of the members of the Legislature Judge Agnew repeated this address in Harris- burg in February, 1863. Secretary Stanton called for a copy of it, and the Union League, of this city, determined to scatter it free-handed. Two large editions of it were pub- lished by the league, and when Chief-Justice Lowrie's term in the supreme court was about to expire, the author of the address, while absent in the West, and without an effort on his part, was nominated by the Eepublicans to succeed him, and elected in October, 1863. As a member of the supreme court of Pennsylvania, Judge Agnew was early called to ma*ke a practical application of the doctrines, of which, as a citizen and judge of a lower court, he had been a zealous advocate. A majority of the 6ench, consisting of Chief -Justice Lowrie and Judges Thompson and Woodward, had pronounced against the constitutionality of the draft law. Judges Strong and Reed dissented. The question came up again immediately after Judge Agnew's accession to the bench, and, as the senior members of the court were evenly divided, it devolved upon this new judge to decide the question, and his first opinion as supreme judge was in affirmation of the constitutionality of the draft law {see 9th Wright, 306). He thoroughly believed in the right of the gov- ernment to suppress insurrection and to enforce obedience to its laws. Soon after the question of the constitutionality of the draft acts of congress had been decided, an important question of marine insurance came up, involving the tme status of the seceding states. It grew out of the capture of the merchant vessel "John Welsh" by the Confederate privateer " Jeif Davis." The question was whether the letters of marque of the "Jeff Davis," and the nature of the service in which she was engaged, divested her capture of its i^iratical character. Woodward, then chief-justice, in an elab- orate opinion, sustained the capture as an act of war by a de facto government, and on that ground held it to be within an exception in the policy. The effect of this statvs of the rebel government was too important to be suffered to go out as the doctrine of the supreme court of Pennsylvania, and was combated, therefore, by Judge Agnew in a vigorous opinion. He held that secession and confederation were nullities — that the United States was the supreme government both de jure and de facto, not displaced — its functions temporarilj' suspended in certain districts, but its actual existence continued everywhere within its rightful jurisdiction; coupled with actual possession of important posts in every seceding state, and necessarily excluding all other sovereignties. That a rebellion or attempted revolution by a portion of a people, taking the form of a govern- ment, but leaving the true government in esse, actively and successfully asserting its rightful authority, with important possessions, does not constitute a rfe/aeto government, for the reason that it in no sense represents a nation in fact, nor exercises its sovereignty. He, therefore, denied Judge Woodward's conclusions of an accomplished revolution — the position of an independent power de facto—and the abrogation of the constitution in the seceded states, leaving them under the laws of war and of nations alone. Pennsylvania was the third state in which the constitutionality of the act of con- gress, authorizing the issue of treasury notes and making them lawful money and a legal tender for debts was called in question. The court of appeals of New York and the supreme court of California sustained the act, and Judges Agnew, Strong and Reed, overruling Chief -Justice Woodward and Judge Thompson, brought, in turn, the Penn- sylvania supreme court into line. Judge Agnew differed from his colleagues in hold- ing that a specific contract for payment in coin was not payable in treasury notes, but BIOGEAPHIES WKST SIDK. 613 that the latter were receivable only for debts payable in lawful money. Judge Agnew had, however, ruled the same question, sustaining the legal tender clause, while in the <;ommon pleas of Butler county, as early as the summer of 1863, in the case of Crocker vs. W oUoTd (Fittshurgh LegalJournal, Sept. 14, 186B). The war of the rebellion brought into existence immense armies. "While the con- stitutional power of the government to draft men into service was supported as essen- tial to the safety of the nation, it yet fell heavily upon the people, and the distribution of its burdens was exceedingly unequal. The necessity as well as the hearts of the peo- ple demanded these rigors of the system to be relieved as far as possible. This led to a system of bounties paid by the counties, towns, and townships of the state, to induce those who could be better spared, to enter into the service as substitutes for the drafted men. It was opposed, however, by those whose sympathies were not with the cause of the Union; and the right to raise money by taxation to pay these bounties was strongly denied on constitutional grounds. The question came up to the supreme court in Speer vs. Blairsville (14th Wright), and was argued in opposition to the power to tax by ex- Chief-Justices Black and Lowrie. It was settled conclusively in favor of the power in an opinion by Judge Agnew, both able and eloquent, which placed it beyond future <;avil., Another phase of the war arose in the question of the right of deserters from military service to vote at state elections. Two cases came before the supreme court, Huber vs. Reilly (3d Smith) and McCafferty vs. Guyer (9th Smith). In the first case a majority of the court held that the electoral franchise of a deserter from military service «ould not be taken away by an act of congress without a conviction of desertion by a ■court-martial, and that a board of election officers was incompetent to try the fact. Jus- tice Strong, who wrote the opinion, put the decision on this ground, conceding that the act of congress was not an ex post facto law, and that congress had power to pass it. Judge Agnew, in an elaborate opinion, not then published, maintained that the ques- tion before the election board was in no sense a trial for a penalty, but an inquiry into a personal privilege claimed by one offering to exercise it, and the real question was one of fact only, desertion, triable as any other fact, in relation to citizenship, by the elec- tion board; the consequence being declared by congress, whose right to declare it was not denied by Justice Strong. In McCafferty w. Guyer the question came up under a state law, authorizing the board of election officers to try the fact of desertion. Justice Agnew took the ground that the whole question was resolved into a single one : Is a deserter, proscribed by act of congress, s, freeman under the election article of the con- stitution? In a most elaborate and convincing opinion he traced the origin of the term "freeman" from the earliest period into the constitutions of 1790 and 1838, and proved that a proscribed deserter was not a freeman within the meaning of the term in the con- stitution, and the election board, being authorized by statute to determine the fact, Mc- Cafferty was rightfully denied a right to vote. In all these war questions Judge Agnew stood resolutely by his country. The effect of adverse decisions will be seen if we note the Influence they would have had on the ability of the government to carry on the war to suppress insurrection. Without the power to draft the military arm of government would be powerless. Without money to carry on the war it would be ineffectual. Without the power to pay bounties the hardships of war would fall on classes least able to be spared. With a de facto standing of the confederate government, it would have been entitled to recognition by European powers; its prize-court decisions would 'be recognized as a valid source of title; its ports would be opened by foreign powers, and various obstacles thrown in the way of the United States to prosecute its lawful authority. With a right to vote by deserters the whole policy of the state might be changed and its safety endangered. An important question upon the status of negroes in Pennsylvania arose before the adoption of the post bellum amendments of the constitution of the United States and be- fore the passage of the Pennsylvania act of 1867, making it an offense for a railroad company to discriminate between passengers on account of race or color. A consider- able time elapsed before the case was reached in the supreme court in 1867, 614 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. and public opinion then ran high in favor of the rights of colored persons. The court below decided against the right of the railroad company to direct a negro woman to take another seat; but "one in all respects as comfortable, safe, and convenient, and one not iaferior to the one she left." This was a written point. Judge Agnew, whose courage is equal to his convictions, stood with two of his brethren, Woodward and Thompson, for reversal. He saw that as the con- stitution B,na judicial precedents stood when the case arose, it was impossible to deny with honesty that the legal status of the negro, both civil and political, differed from that of the white man; and that the social status was even more dissonant— that the rights of carriers and the repugnance of races necessarily involved a reasonable power of separation of passengers as a part of the carriers' duty, in the preservation of the public peace and the proper performance of his public obligation? . His opinion (found in 6th Smith, 211) is as unanswerable in argument as it was faithful 1o duty; though at the time of its delivery (in 1867) the progress of public opinion, after the close of the war, led many who were ignorant of the time and circumstances under which the case arose, to suppose he was wrong. Of all the judges who heard the argument. Judge Reed alone dissented, and Judge Strong, who was absent at the argument, afterward told Judge Agnew that he agreed with him — that his opinion was right. A great question arose after Judge Agnew became chief-justice, perhaps the most important of the many arising during his term of office. A majority of the convention called to propose amendments to the constitution, to be voud upon by the people, con- ceived that its powers were not restricted by the call under which it was convened; and claiming absolute sovereignty, undertook to displace the existing election laws in the city of Philadelphia, by an ordinance, without any previous submission of the new consti- tution to the people, as required by the laws under which the convention was called and authorized. The case came before the supreme court on a proceeditig to enjoin the ■ convention appointees from interfering with the lawful election oflBcers. After the hearing an eminent member of the court thought it better to dismiss the bill on the ground of want of jurisdiction. But the effect of this would have been to leave the ordinance in force, and to countenance the exercise of an unlimited power not conferred by the people, and which might in future cases be dangerous to their liberties. Finally, how- ever, the court unanimously agreed to meet the question on its merits, and enjoin the appointees of the convention from interfering. The opinion was written during the night following the argument, and, considering time and circumstances, was perhaps the most able delivered by Judge Agnew during his term. It was supplemented by an opinion in Wood's Appeal by Judge Agnew, in which the claim of absolute sovereignty was discussed upon fundamental principles, and the same conclusion reached. The two cases, Wells vs. Bain and Wood's Appeal, are found in 25 P. F. Smith, 40 and 49. The ruling of Judge Oox as to the quali6cations of jurors in the Guiteau case, recalls the fact that Judge Agnew was the first judge in Pennsylvania to modify the rule which excluded jurors who had formed opinions in capital cases, and admit them if their opinions were not so fixed but that they could still try the prisoner on the evidence, freed from the influence of previous impressions. This he ruled vhen judge of the Seventeenth District. Afterwards on the supreme bench he rendered several decisions to the same effect. In the Ortwein murder case, decided in Pittsburgh in 1874, Chief-Justice Agnew considered at length the plea of insanity as a defense in murder trials, and laid down some rules which would have been ill-relished by Guiteau, if made to apply in his case In his opinion Judge Agnew said: " The danger to society from acquittals on the ground of a doubtful insanity demands a strict rule. Mere doubtful' evidence of insanity would fill the land with acquitted criminals. To ddubt one's sanity is not necessary to he convinced of his insanity. A person charged with crime must be judged to be a reasonable being until a want of reason positively appears. Insanity as a defense must be so great as to have controlled the will and taken away the freedom of moral action. When the killing is admitted, and insanity is alleged as an excuse, the defendant must satisfy the jury that insanity actually existed at the time of the act; a, doubt as to the sanity will not justify the jury in acquitting." BIOGRAPHIES WEST SIDE. 615 • To give any adequate idea of the impress which Judge Agneiv made tlirough his decisions upon the law of Pennsylvannia is beyond the scope of this sketch. Every Monday morning during the sessions of the supreme court brought a full budget of his decisions, and every day of his vacation was spent in preparing opinions in knotty cases reserved for that time of greater leisure for careful elaboration. Until 1874 the supreme court consisted of but five judges, while it had all the work which was afterward found sufficient for seven. Ill health prevented Judge Williams from assuming his share of the labor of the bench, and disinclination for work was an impediment in other quarters, so that before the reorganization of the court the labor incident to its duties fell almost entirely on two or three of its members. The reports of that period, as well as for the entire fifteen years Judge Agnew was on the bench, bear testimony to his prodigious industry. They show him also to be one of those broad-minded judges who have regard to the meaning and spirit of a law ratiier than its letter. The whole body of his opinions as therein recorded illustrate at every step the keenness of his intellect, the soundness of his judgment, and the extent and precision of his legal learning. He became chief -justice in 1873, and continued until January, 1879. In permitting him to retire from the bench in that year, the state lost from its supreme court one of the strongest members and best judicial minds that body ever possessed. Perhaps the most marked characteristics of his judicial career was his determined support of the sacredness of the fundamental rights of persons, as declared and main- tained in the constitution. His opposition to all infringmentg upon these rights was constant and unwavering. This may be seen in many opinions and addresses. He held that the maintenance and protection of these rights were the true end of all good gov- ernment, and nothing short of a real public necessity should be permitted to override them. Another leading characteristic is the rapidity willi which he writes. Besides the case of Wells 'cs. Bain, another example may be seen in the contested election cases in 15 P. F. Smith, 20, the opinion being written during the night after the argument. Judge Agnew never was a politician in its ordinary sense, and never filled a polit-' ical office. He avoided both the legislature and congress, preferring to sit as an inde- pendent judge, acknowledging no political favor, and returning a full equivalent for office by his services on the bench. In early life he was a national republican, sup- porting the American system of Henry Clay, especially the tariff, of which his preceptor, Judge Baldwin, was an eminent advocate. He joined the Whig party at its formation in 1832-33, and remained a Whig until its extinction in 1854. He advocated on the stump the election of Harrison in 1840, Clay in 1844, and in 1848 he was an elector on the Taylor and Fillmore ticket, and canvassed Western Pennsylvania zealously in its support. After his election to the bench in 1851, he withdrew from active participation in politics, except as events of unusual importance called him out. He openly opposed the Know-Nothing movement in 1854, and two years later he assisted at the formation of the Republican party in the convention in Lafayette Hall, in Pittsburgh. Judge Agnew's original intention was to retire from the supreme bench at the end of his fifteen years' term. The continued absence from home, which its duties neces- sitated, had all along been exceedingly unwelcomed to his wife. Plis life, too, had been a busy and laborious one, and, though still in the full vigor of his powers, he thought that at the age of seventy he was entitled to a rest. He made known to some of his political friends his intention not to be a candidate for re-election, but was induced by them to remain silent, and was subsequently brought out by them as a candidate, seem- ingly with the intention of using his name to head off other candidates, and then sacri- ficing him in turn. The double dealing and cross purposes of this period are all laid bare in Judge Agnew's open letter, published a few days before the election of 1878, and it is unnecessary to recapitulate them here. It is enough that he changed his purpose and resolved to go into the convention, if he did not have ten votes. In that body, with all the regular party machinery against him, he developed an unexpected strength, but the bosses had decided to put him aside, and from their decree there was no appeal. Representatives of the National party, knowing that Judge Agnew could com- 616 HISTORY OF BBATEE COUNTY. • mand a large personal following Independent of any party, requested permission to pro- pose his name for supreme judge in their convention, but this he refused. Subsequently he was, without his consent, put in nomination by the state committee of the National party. Of the nomination he never received official notification, nor was it designed that he should. He was not in sympathy with the economic teachings of that party. He believed only in a coin currency, or one based on coin, having an undoubted representa- tive value, and his thorough republicanism was unquestioned and unquestionable. This the National leaders knew, but they thought his name would aid their ticket, and they placed it on it without troubling themselves further about his consent. A similar pro- posal, made by the temperance convention of that year. Judge Agnew expressly declined in a letter to its chairman, on the ground that having been an " ostensible " candidate before the Kepublican convention, he could not honorably put himself in the front of another party. He determined to hold himself free from any entanglement, and it was a fear of such a charge being made after the election which brought out his open letter before it. During the canvass he was offered the attorney-generals-hip in willing, under the incoming Republican administration, on condition of withdrawing from the National ticket. Through his son he declined this proffer expressly on the ground that he was nominated without his participation, had not accepted, and had nothing to decline. 'Judge Agnew is still in the full enjoyment of physical health and activity, and of mental vigor. Since his retirement he has lived a quiet and comparatively uneventful life among his old friends and neighbors, of Beaver. Great changes have occurred in state and nation since that stripling lawyer went there prospecting for litigation fifty- two years ago, but the essential features of that staid old county-seat remain unchanged. Six children have been born to Judge and Mrs. Agnew, two of whom, their eldest son and eldest daughter, are dead. The latter was the wife of Col. John M. Sullivan, of Allegheny City, and died in 1874. Of the others, there are two sons, both lawyers; 'the elder, F. H. Agnew, now in the senate of Pennsylvania, is praiticing in Beaver, and the younger, Robert M. Agnew, in Lancaster, Pa. One of his daughters is the wife of Hon. Henry Hice, of Beaver, late President-Judge of the court Judge Agnew formerly presided over. The other daughter is the wife of Rev. Walter Brown, of Cadiz, Ohio, The degree of Doctor of Laws has been twice conferred on Judge Agnew, first by Washington College and then by Dickinson. Occasionally he indulges in writing or speaking on legal and public subjects to keep from rusting out. On General Grant's return from his tour around the world. Judge Agnew was selected to deliver the address m Pittsburgh, and in the succeeding canvass for nomination he favored that of General Grantfor the presidency as best calculated to produce national unity. He was emploved by Allegheny county in the riot cases, wrote the address to the legislature and argued the question of the county's liability before the state supreme court. He recently argued the case of Kelly vs. The City of Pittsburgh in the United States supreme court His brief IS an elaborate statement of the purpose of the fourteenth amendment and a vin- dication of individual fundamental right, and the jurisdiction of the court in a case of unlawful taxation, infringing upon the right of property without due process of law In the senatorial contest of last winter Judge Agnew's name figured somewhat' in the scattering vote. 'The state would do itself a high honor if it should select such a man to represent it at Washington, or to be its chief executive. Judge Agnew's numer- ously published addresses, to which, for lack of space, scarcely any allusion has been niade and his opmions, involving great public questions, as recorded in the state reports show that he IS no mere lawyer, but has all the grasp of mind and breadth of view of the true statesman^ As United States senator he would lake rank at the outset with the tZZ\ fTTl'^T^'"' °^ '^^' """^y-' ^' S°^«^°°"- °f the CommoIwealA he would be a grateful and wholesome relief from the dead level of mediocrity which has had monopoly of that otHce for many years. But the Boss is still supier^e i^ Penn sylvama politics, and such political honors as he does not retain for himself or hif'i^u- tenants, he takescareto secure for some one of the great anonymous. Under the reg me BIOGEAPHIES — WEST SIDE. Ql^ the post of honor is the private station, and it is there, with rare exceptions, that we find our men of most distinguished ability and recognized worth. For a short time after Judge Agnew left the Bench, he practiced law. He was en- gaged in several important causes, especially those of the county of Allegheny, growing out of the great riots at the Union Depot of the Pennsylvania Railroad, in Pittsburgh, in 1877. He, with his associates, drew up and presented to the legislature the address for legislation to relieve the county from the onerous liability growing out of the act making a few counties liable for injuries done by rioters. He also argued before the supreme court of Pennsylvania the cases growing out of the same law, to show that the law did not survive the former constitution of the State, and was not continued in force by the schedule of the new constitution. The argu- ment was deemed unanswerable by impartial minds, but the great interests of Philadel- phia and the railroad company, the city itself being a large stockholder, carried the case against the county of Allegheny. He also argued before the supreme court of the United States the important question of the power of Pittsburgh to tax outlying rural districts within the corporate limits, for the special city purposes of police, fire, etc. Finding that professional business was encroaching largely on his time and labor, and curtailing the relief he expected on retiring from the Bench, he, in the course of two or three years ceased to take cases or to be employed professionally, though many inviting offers came to him. In the year 1880, being strongly impressed with the neces- sity of curbing the evils of drunkenness, from which, as a judge and lawyer, his observation taught him that four-fifths of the crime and pauperism of the state arose, he became the president of the Constitutional Prohibition Amendment Association. In this work he performed great labor, writing and speaking in most of the principal places in the state. The effect of the efforts of this association, and others engaged in the temperance cause, was to carry a large majority of prohibitionists into the house of representatives in 1881. The constitutional amendment was carried in the house by a. vote of nearly two to one. These efforts continued brought a majority also into the house in the session of 1883. Before this house. Judge Agnew delivered an elaborate address on prohibition. He contended in that address, and in other arguments, against, the doctrine of compensation, a position since fully sustained by the supreme court of the United States. These efforts have been crowned with final success by the passage of the proposed amendment by the assembly of 1887. His pen has also been employed in other work than legal. He has been called to deliver numerous addresses, in and out of the state, before colleges, seminaries of learn- ing, and public audiences, civil and military. Notably he delivered the address of •vehjme at the convention of the bankers of the United States in Pittsburgh, and an address to them on the general banking law of the nation. In the canvass of 1880, for Garfield's election, he also delivered two very elaborate addresses on the past and present relations of the northern and southern sections of the United States.* He yet, in 1888, enjoys good health and strength and a vigorous intellect. Hon. Franklin H. Agnew, attorney, P. O., Beaver, was born in that place April 6, 1842, and is a son of Hon. Daniel Agnew. He was reared in Beaver, and received his earliest education in the old Beaver Academy. He afterwards attended Jefferson College, from which he was graduated in 1863. After his graduation he taught in the Beaver Academy, then in Washington county. Being des-irous of obtaining a thorough knowledge of book-keeping, he attended the Iron City Business College where he took a thorough course, and was afterward a teacher in the same institution. Return- ing to Beaver, he became principal of old Beaver Academy. He then went on the the United States Coaft Survey, which he resigned in 1871. In 1873 he began the study of law in his father's office, and, after his admission to the bar, he formed a partnership with John M. Buchanan, which continued till 1887. He was elected state * He delivered also the address on the completion of the Chanoine Dam at Davis Island, six miles below Pittsburgh, in 1885. gJ8 HISTORY OF BEAVEE, COUNTY. senator in 1883, and served one term. July 16, 1885, he was married to Miss Nan K. , daugliter of Rev. W. H. Lauch. Her parents were of Scotch and German .origin Mr. and Mrs. Agnew have one child, Elizabeth, They are members of the Methodist church, in which he is a steward. Politically he is a Republican, Fbstus Allbn, retired, Beaver Falls, was born in county Qalway, Ireland, March 7 1832 and is a son of Richard and Fanny (Kelly; Allen. He was reared m his native county, where he began the traSe of shoemaker. He came to Amei-ica in 1850 and worked at his trade as a journeyman in New York and New Jersey cities three years. In 1 853 he located in Pittsburgh and followed his trade there and in Allegheny City uptol8b4, when he settled in New Briehton, this county. In 1867 he located m Beaver Falls where he has since resided, working at his trade until 1885. In the latter year he erected one of the finest brick stores on Seventh Avenue. He married, in 1862, Keziah Good- win, of Somerset, Jefferson county, Ohio, daughter of Jesse Goodwin, a soldier of the Mexican war. Bv this union there are five children living: Thomas R., Festus W., Clara, Lizzie and Albert. Mr. Allen is a member of the I. O. O. F. and the K. of L. Politically he is a Democrat. Edward Jambs Almson, assistant cashier of the PirstNational Bank, at Rochester, Pa., Beaver, was born in Bridgewater, Beaver county, Feb. 8, 1852, and is a son of Thomas and Emily (Logan) Allison, natives of Pennsylvania, of English and Scotch- Irish descent. The father was a merchant. Our subject is a grandson of the late Hon. James Allison, who settled in Beaver county in 1804, and subsequently seived two terms as a member of congress. His uncle, the late Hon. John Allison, served two terms in the legislature, and two in congress, and was register of ihe United States treasury, under General Grant, for six years. Edward J. is the only child of his parents, and has spent his life in Beaver county. Early in life he clerked in a store. In 1883 he became a clerk in tlie First National Bank, of Rochester, and after 1886 was assistant cashier; has resigned his position in the First National Bank of Rochester, Pa., to accept the cashiership of the First National Bank of Beaver, Pa. In politics he is a Republican. He is a member of the Presbyterian church, at Beaver, and a trustee. Sanfoed Ai.my, oil producer, P. O., Ohioville, son of Pardon and Mary (Cook) Almy, was born, Feb. 17, 1830, at Little C-impton, R I. His father, a son of Sanford and Lydia (Gray) Almy, was born June 18, 1792, at same place, and died in October, 1864. His mother, who was born June 5, 1799, a daughter of Samuel and Lydia Cook, who were of Scotch descent, died in February, 1856. His grandfather was a son of John and Hannah (Cook) Almy, natives of Portsmouth, R. I. His father was a son of Job and Bridget (Sanford) Almy, also of Portsmouth. He in turn was a son of Job Almy, Sr., who was a son of William Almy, who came from England about the year 1600, and settled in Jersey, but subsequently moved to Rhode Island. Our subject, when about fifteen years of age, moved to New Bedford, Mass. , where he clerked in a general furnishing store nights and mornings, and finished his education at the hish school, from which he graduated in 1850. He then continued to clerk in the furnis-hlng store until 1858, when he bought out the establishment and continued the business until 1861, in April of which year he enlisted in the first call for troops, and served as paymaster of the Third Regiment three months. He then enlisted in the Eighteenth Massachusetts Infantry, as regimental quartermaster, and served until mustered out in August, 1864. He next embarked in the oil business, at Wellsville, Ohio, wiere he put down one well; he then moved to liis present location at Island Run Oil Regions. Sept. 4, 1878, Mr. Almy married Catherine J. Wright, born Aug. 5, 1846, daughter of Nathan and Eliza (Potts) Wright; and two children have been born to them, Mary E. and Sanford E. Mr. and Mrs. Almy are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, at Ohioville. He is a Republican, and has served four teims as justice of the peace; was notary public and also school director for some time. Gbohgb W. Altsmak, painter, P. O. Beaver Falls, of the firm of Altsman Brothers, was born in Pike county, Ohio, Feb. 20, 1856, a son of James and Elizabeth (Cave) Altsman, and of English and German descent. His father, a painter by trade, settled BIOGRAPHIES WEST SIDE. 619 In Beaver Falls in 1867, where George W. was educated in the public schools, and learned his trade with his father, with whom he embarked in business in 1876, under the firm name of Jas. Altsman & Son. In 1878, our subject formed a partnership with his brother William, under tlie name of Altsman Brothers, which partnershipstill exists. They are one of the leading firms in their line in Beaver county, and do an extensive business. George W. Altsman has been twice married; first in 1881, to Belle Hutchin- son, of 3It. Pleasant, Pa., by whom he had one child, Roy H,; and, second, Jan. 31, 1886, to Lou A. Blaze, of Pittsburgh, by whom he has one child, Ira B. Mr. Altsman is a member and trustee of the Methodist Episcopal cliurch, and is a member of the Y. M. C. A. In politics he is a Republican. Alex. H. Anderson, farmer, P. O. New Galilee, was born in Hanover town- ship in 1833. His grandfather, William Anderson, came to America from Ireland at an early day, and settled in Beaver county, where he purchased a tract of land of four or five hundred acres, part of which is still owned by his descendants. His early life was full of hardships and dangers. His son, Thomas Anderson, born in Hanover township in 1782, was a farmer, and died in 1857. By his second wife, Jane Patten, he had three children, of whom Alexander H. is the youngest. Our subject remained at home until 1860, wheh he bought and removed to a farm in Darlington township, where he now lives. This farm contains 120 acres in a high state of cultivation. Mr. Anderson was married in 1862, to Rebecca, daughter of Samuel Reed, Esq., and by her has had seven children, six of whom are living: William T., Jennie E., Madge P., Martie M , Laura L. and Frank R. Mr. Anderson has held the positions of school director and trustee of Greersburg Academy, and is greatly esteemed in the community. He is a member of the Presbyterian church; politically a Republican. A. T. Anderson, dealer in real estate, Beaver, was born in Independence township, Beaver county, Pa., July 11, 1842. His parents, Benoni and Jane (Thompson) Ander- son, were natives of this county and of Scotch-Irish descent. His father, who was a merchant in early life and afterward a farmer, had two children: A. T., and Mary E., wife of John M. Springer, of Ohio. Our subject was reared in Hanover township, and received his education in the common sch( ols. Early in life he was clerk in his father's store, and then embarked in that business for himself. He has bouglit and sold many stores, has also dealt extensively in real estate, and has succeeded well in business. In politics he is a Democrat; he is a Master Mason. Mr. Anderson wasmarricdin Wash- ington county, in 1868, to Sue C, daughter of John Duncan, and of Scotch descent. They have three children: Lillie L., Harry D. and Laura. Mrs. Anderson is a member of the Presbyterian church. Joseph L. A^DERS0N, printer, was born in Beaver, Beaver countj', and is a son of Joseph (a farmer), and Mary (Eakin) Anderson. His parents were natives of Pennsyl- vania, and of Scotch-Irish origin. His father had four children, of whom Joseph L., the youngest, was reared in Beaver borough, and attended the common schools and the old Beaver Academy. At an early age he entered the office of the old Argus, where he learned printing, a business he followed until he became a partner in the paper. In 1867 he was appointed transcribing clerk in the Pennsylvania Senate, and served two years. At the present time he holds the position of foreman of the Ewning Chronicle-Telegraph, of Pittsburgh. He was married in 1861, to Margaret, daughter of Joseph and Matilda (Crooks) Hall, of English and Scotch-Irish origin. Her father was born in Allegheny county in 1807, but has spent most of his life in Beaver county. He was a ship carpen- ter, and spent his early life on the Ohio river working at his trade. Mrs. Anderson's mother now resides in Beaver. Mr. and Mrs. Anderson have been blessed with thi-ee children: James Paul, Stanley and Mary Olive, who graduated in Beaver College in 1886. The boys are in the railroad business. Mrs. Anderson is president of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union and of the Children's Aid Society, of Beaver. Samuel Anderson, farmer, P. O. Black Hawk, was born in Beaver county in 1834. His grandfather. James, came to America about 1784, and settled in Wasliington county, where he was extensively engaged in farming. He had two sons and five 620 HISTOEY OF BEAYEE COUNTY. daughters. Bernard, the eldest son, was born in Ireland, and came with his parents to America when three years of age. James purchased about 130 acres of land in Beaver county in 1808, his son Bernard settling upon same. Bernard married Elizabeth Hill, by whom he had six sons and three daughters, Samuel being the second youngest. Bernard died in 1860, aged seventy-six years, and his wife in 1865, aged seventy-two years. Samuel was reared on a farm and remained with his father until 1860, when he married Elizabeth, daughter of Wilson and Catherine (Barnes; Elliott, of New York state. They have had six children (five of whom are living): Virginia Catherine, Wil- son, McClain, James Hill, William B. C. (deceased), and Olive Josephine. In 1883 Mr. Anderson purchased his present farm of 56 acres, nearly all of which is under .cultiva- tion. He is an elder in the United Presbyterian church; in politics a Republican. James Anderton, brewer, Beaver Falls, was born in Streetbridge, Lancashire, England, June 26, 1830, and is a son of James and Sarah (Morris) Anderton, who came to America in 1856 and settled in Fallston in September of the same year. They had three children: John,, James and Joseph, all now residents of Beaver county. James settled in Beaver county in 1856, and in 1867 moved to Beaver Falls where he embarked in the hotel business. In 1869 he commenced the erection of the Spring Water Brewery, making his first brewing of ale in November of the same year. His business is increas- ing every year. In August, 1853, he married Betty, daughter of Joseph and Mary Greenwood, by whom he has three children living: Jonathan, Mary (Mrs. W. C. Rohr- oaste) and William H. Mr. Anderton is a F. and A. M., and a member of the I. O. O. F., K. of P., and A. O. U. W.; in politics he is a Democrat. Hugo Andriessen, druggist and apothecary, Beaver, was born June 14, 1843, at Steele, on the Ruhr, Rhenish Prussia, Germany. His father, Frederick Andriessen, was born at Crefeld, Prussia, July 19, 1803, and died at Beaver, Pa., Oct. 14, 1869. By his first wife he had a family of five children, of whom one son and two daughters are yet living. After the death of his first wife Frederick married Louise, born at Cologne, Prussia, Oct. 17, 1819, and now a resident of Columbus, Ohio. Their children, living, are Hugo, Arthur, Richaid, Lilly and Rosa; three are dead. Frederick Andries- sen was a civil engineer by profession, and constructed many railroads in Germany, Austria, Russia and Portugal, including the first railroad which was built in Germany. He was also a very fine landscape painter alnd a man of many talents. He came to the United States in 1861, and located in Pittsburgh, Pa. Hugo received his education in high schools and gymnasiums in Germany and Austria, and on account of the many positions in different countries of Europe which his father filled, he studied many languages. He always had an especial love for the study of natural history. After clerking in different prominent drug stores in Pittsburgh, he finally, in October, 1869, settled in Beaver, where he has the best equipped and largest pharmacy in the county, the well-known "Beaver Drug Store." May 13,1870, Mr. Andriessen married Miss Lou, daughter of Thomas and Harriet McKinley, who formerly lived at Darlington, Beaver county, where she was born Aug. 4, 1847. Their children are Belle, born April 6, 1871; Fritz, born Sept. 7, 1873; Edith, born Sept. 1, 1875. In religion and philosophy Mr. Andriessen quotes Professor Huxley, who says: " Some twenty years ago or thereabouts, I invented the word ' agnostic,' to denote people who, like myself, confess themselves to be hopelessly ignorant concerning a variety of matters about which metaphysicians and theologians, both orthodox and heterodox, dogmatize with the utmost confidence. Agnosticism is the essence of science, whether ancient or modern. It simply means that a man shall not say he knows or believes thatwhichhehasno grounds for professing to know or believe. Agnosticism simply says that we know nothing of what may be beyond phenomena." In politics Mr. Andriessen is a radical. He is a member of the American Pharmaceutical Association and the Western Pennsylvania Botanical Society. He is a contributor to several scientific and philosophical journals and German literary publications. [For sketch of Mr. Andriessen's museum, see page 580.] John Armstrong, formerly oil and lumber dealer and farmer, P. O. Beaver, was BIOGKAPIIIES WEST SIDE. 621 born in this county, Aug. 27, 1831, and lias been an active, successful business man. He is now living a retired life on liis handsome and well-improved farm in Brighton township. His parents, John and Nellie (Dillon) Armstrong, were natives of Pennsyl- vania, and of Irisli descent, the former of whom was a farmer all his life. The family consisted of two sons and three daughters. John, the third child, was reared on the farm, attended the common schools, and chose lumbering as a business. He also dealt in oil, and finally engaged in farming. When he first concluded to engage in agricul- tural pursuits he bought 225 acres of land. He was married in Warren county, to Belle M., daughter of John and Janet Adams, and their children are — C'ancie A., Nettie N., wife of Prof. John J. Allen, AnnalM., J. Burt and Vinnie B. The family are mem- bers of the Methodist church, of which Jlr. Armstrong is a trustee. William Perry Baddehs, teacher, P. O. Black Hawk, was born in South Beaver township in 1847 . His great grandfather, George Badders, was a soldier in the British army during the Revolution, and at the close of the war settled in York county, where he engaged in farming and milling. He married Deborah Huston, of Irish par- entage, by whom he had nine childTcn, seven of whom grew to maturity. He died in his seventy-seventh year . James, the second son , who came to Beaver county about 1816, and was by occupation a distiller, held a commission from the government of Ohio as captain of state militia. He settled on the land now owned by William P., his pur- chase consisting of 375 acres. He married Christiana Frey (by whom were born two daughters and nine sons), and died in January, 1869, aged eighty years. George, the eldest sou, born Aug. 18, 1811, married Lucinda, daughter of Benjamin Todd, of Maryland, and had four sons and one daughter. William Perry, the eldest son, received his education at the common schools and at Beaver College. In 1876 he mar- ried Olivia, daughter of Samuel and Margaret Shrodes, of Hopewell township, this county. They have four children : Grace, George, Maggie and William. Since 1868, with the exception of five years, Mr. Badders has been engaged in teaching. He owns a part of the farm purchased by his grandfather. He and his wife are members of the Methodist church ; politicall}' he is a Democrat, and is strictly temperate in principle and practice. George Baker, farmer, P. O. Rock Point, was born in Big Beaver township in 1833. About 1795, his father, Robert Baker, at the age of nine years, came to America with his brother-in-law, James McKay, and at the age of eighteen years purchased a tract of 400 acres in Big Beaver township. He married Rachel, daughter of Thomas Williams, and by her had ten children, George being the youngest. Robert Baker died at the age of ninety-fivfe years . George was educated in the common schools, and in 1844 married Jane, daughter of Matthew Mitchell, of Allegheny county. The had six children, five of whom are living: Robert A., George H., Meralda, Emeline and Sophenia. The mother of these children died in 1866, and in 1873 Mr. Baker married Blmira, daughter of James McCoy. By her he has one son, William. Mr. Baker has a valuable farm of 170 acres, which is a part of the tract purchased hy his father. It is underlaid with rich coal veins and a clay bank nine feet in depth. The clay is valuable for fine potter's work. Mr. Baker is a Democrat and a member of the school board. JoHK Balzer, glass worker, Beaver Falls, was born in Germany, Dec. 18, 1823, and is a son of Conrad and Clara Balzer. He came to America in 1852 and located in Pittsburgh, where he was employed in the glass works until 1879. He then located in Beaver Falls, and was one of the organizers of the Cooperative Flint Glass Works, of which he is a stockholder, and where he has since -been employed. In 1'852 he married Margaretta, daughter of Conrad and Margaretta (Fischer) Balzer, and has five children living : Mary, John, Charles, Andrew and Martina. Mr. Blazer and wife are mem- bers of the St. Mary's Catholic church, of Beaver Falls. In politics he is a Democrat. Francis L. Banks, foreman hardening room. Western File Works, Beaver Falls, was born in New York City, July 19, 1835, and is a son of Francis and Maria (Burden) Banks, and of English and German descent. He was reared in New York city, where he learned his trade of file hardener with Evans, Davidson & Lound, serving an appren- 34 622 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. ticeship of seven years . He worked at his trade as a journeyman in different sections of the country thirty-five years prior to coming to Beaver Falls, where he located in 1869 and began in his present position in the Western File Works. He is a member of the T. of H., G. T., R. A., and A. O. TJ. W. He was grand templar, state of Pennsyl- vania in 1884. He is a member and one of the vestrymen of the Episcopal church of Beaver Falls . In politics he is a Republican . Jeremiah Bannon, a native of Tipperary, Ireland, emigrated to this country at the age of sixteen years. He was a soldier in the Revolution, enlisting Nov. 30, 1776, and was discharged in April, 1783. His wife's maiden name was Nancy Dawson. The couple, after marriage, settled on the Seven-mile Island, in the Ohio, near Pittsburgh, where sixteen children were born to them. They subsequentlj removed to the locality of Mt. Jackson, then in Beaver county. Mr. Brannon died in 1833, and was buried in Westfield cemetery. Harky T. Barker, civil engineer, Beaver Falls, was born in New Brighton, Aug. 38, 1849, and is a son of Thomas A. and Eliza (Oakley) Barker. His paternal grand- father was Abner Barker, of England, a pioneer of Pittsburgh. His maternal grand- father was Milton Oakley, a large ship owner of Baltimore, and a pioneer of Butler county . His wife was a daughter of Isaac Wilson, a pioneer of Harmony, Butler county, and later of New Brighton. He was one of the original projectors of the iron industry of Beaver county, and his furnaces were located on the eround now occupied by the cutlery works in Beaver Falls. Thomas A. Barker was a native of Pittsburgh, but resided in New Brighton many years, where he was engaged in mercantile pursuits, and died in 1859. He had three children: Frank A. (deceased), Harry T. and Nellie (Mrs. Harry Brown), of Pittsburgh. Harry T. was educated in the public schools, and at Myers Academy, Westchester, Pa., and at the Cooper Institute, N. Y., where he was graduated in his profession in 1879. Since then he has been located in Beaver Falls. In 1873 he married Anna, daughter, of Oapt. George C. and Sarah (Thompson) McLean, of Philadelphia. Peter Bates, farmer, P. O. Beaver, was born in Allegheny City, Pa., Aug. 27, 1835, and is a son of Peter and Elizabeth (Silcox) Bates, natives of England, and who settled at Pittsburgh in 1838. They had eight children, of whom Peter, the fifth, was reared in Allegheny City, where he received his education. He learned the carpenter and machinist trade, which he followed until he took charge of the water works at Allegheny City as chief engineer, a position be held for nine years. He came to Beaver county in 1875, and has since devoted his time to agricultural pursuits. He was married, in 1857 to Nancy, daughter of Thomas C. and Jane Hall, who were born in Maryland, of English descent. The children of this marriage are Edwin P., clerk in the Valley rail- road otfice; J. W. H., at home, farming; Milton B., a bookkeeper in Allegheny City; John E., cashier of a store at Allegheny City. Mr. and Mrs. Bates and children are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He is a Republican in politics, and has been school director six years. He is a Master Mason. Albert JI. Beaner, fish and oyster market, Beaver Falls, was born in Bridge- water, March 30, 1849, and is a son of Joseph and Mary (Jenkinson) Beaner, of West- moreland county. Pa., who settled in Bridgewater in 1847. His father was a tanner, and carried on his trade many years in this and Westmoreland counties. He had seven children: James, Nancy J. (Mrs. C. D. Renouf), Maggie (Mrs. S. G. Bliss), Joseph S., Albert M., John "VV". and Mary E. (Mrs. Robert Mitchell). Albert M. is a painter by trade, which he followed for sixteen years. In 1883 he located in Beaver Falls and embarked in his present business. His wife was Elsie A . , a daughter of Capt . A . B . Lee, of Sullivan , 111 . , by whom he has four children : Oris B . , Jessie E. , Hattie M . and Joseph C . Mr . Beaner is a member of the :M . E . Church and E . A . U . ; in politics he is a Republican. Ret. James Bbatty, P. O. Black Hawk, was born in Columbiana county, Ohio, Feb. 12, 1818. William Beatty, his father, came from County Tyrone, Ire- land, to America, in 1806, and worked at his trade, that of a weaver, in the east until BIOGRAPHIES — WEST SIDE. 623 1814, when he moved to Columbiana county, Ohio, where he resided until his death. He married in this country Letticia Orr, also of County Tyrone, Ireland, and they had twelve children, of whom six are living. He eventually became a farmer, purchasing first 160 acres, to which he added by subsequent purchases until he owned 480 acres at his death. James was educated at the common schools, and at the age of thirty-one attended A.llegheny College, a Methodist Theological institution, for one year. He was married in 1849 to Elizabeth A. R., daughter of Isaac and Catherine (Eaton) Garrett, and they had three children: Victoria A. C. A.., Antoinette I. Z., JLieonidas L. J. H. (deceased). The mother died in 1875, aged forty-six years. After leaving the theological seminary Mr. Beatty became a licensed minister, and since 1850 has been engaged in this work. He owns 100 acres of land in South Beaver township, Beaver county. Pa., and a farm in Columbiana county, Ohio, of 160 acres. He has always taken an active part in politics, and received the nomination of the Demo- cratic party for the office of prothonotary, and trustee of Beaver Academy,but on account of the great Republican majority in the county was defeated. He is a F. ct A. M. and a member of the I. O. O. F. Mr. Beatty adds: " I do not regret the steps I have taken, in the country, in the church, or the orders, to which my name is attached. I only regret my unfaithfulness . I am a Democrat from principle, and will remain such while I have a country, a constitution to govern it, the stars and stripes to honor us as an inde- pendent government. Strength in union, weakness in division." "William Bbattt, farmer, P. O. Homewood, was born in Big Beaver township in 1833, and is theonlyliving member of afamily of eleven children born to Jonathan and Margaret (JlcClure) Beatty. Jonathan Beatty came to this county at an early day, with a brother, from "Westmoreland county, and took up 400 acres of land, where he remained until his death. William resides on the homestead farm where he was born and reared, and has always followed farming. He owns 160 acres. He was married, in 1853, to Sidney, daughter of Richard Baker, and they have five children living: Richard James, William Greorge, Phalysta Alice, Laura Emma, and Mary Lamia. In close proximity to the Pittsburgh & Lake Erie railroad Mr. Beatty owns a fine and profitable quarry of sandstone. In politics he is a Republican. Louis Beeord, axe-maker, Beaver Falls, was born in the district of Montreal, Can- ada, July 13, 1843, and is a son of Joseph and Charlotte (Beausoleli) Berord. He was reared in Canada, where he learned the carpenter's trade. In 1863 he located in East Douglass, Mass., where he worked three years at axe-making, and in 1865 removed to Allegheny City, where he worked six years in the axe factory of Joseph Graff, Esq. In 1871 he came to Beaver Falls, where, with the exception of one year, he has since resided, working at his trade for Joseph Graff and Hubbard & Co., and has accumu- lated a fine property. In 1864 he married Sarah Demess, of the district of Montreal, by whom he has had nine cliildren: Charles (deceased), Harry (deceased), John (deceased), George, Vincent, Charley, Bessie, Bella (deceased), and an infant daughter. Mr. Berord is a member of the Catholic church, and A. O. U. W. He is a Democrat. Charles Bevington (deceased), was born in Beaver county. Pa., in October, 1796. He was the son of Thomas and Elizabeth Johnston, who were among the earliest set- tlers of Beaver county. Our subject's father was a soldier in the Revolutionary war, serving three years as a spy, and was also three years in the Indian war. The male members of the family had usually been tillers of the soil. Our subject's parents spent many years of their lives on the farm in Ohio township, where they were married. There Charles was born, reared and lived until he was thirty-six years old, when he moved to Brighton township, Beaver county. Pa., and settled on a farm. He attended thecommon schools and served six years in wars. He reared a family of eleven children. At his death he had a farm of 136 acres of land, where his two daughters now reside. Ellis N. Bigger, attorney at law, Beaver, a member of the firm of Bigger & Henry, of Beaver and New Brighton, was born in Hanover township, Washington county. Pa. His parents were Thomas and Mary (Nicholson) Bigger, the latter a daughter of Hon. Thomas Nicholson, who served several terms as a member of the 62i HISTOEY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. legislature. Thomas Bigger was a farmer all his life. Ellis IS", was the eldest of three children, and was reared in this county, his parents having moved here when he was a child. He attended the common schools and the Frankfort Academy, and engaged in teaching, first In the district schools, and afterward as assistant principal of Frankfort Academy. He studied law with S. B. Wilson, was admitted to the bar June 3, 1879, and began practice Nov. 14, 1881, in company with the late Frank Wilson, of the Beaver bar. Since 1883 he has been associated with Thomas M. Henry, Esq. Mr. Bigger was married, in 1882, to Delia, daughter of John Caughey, of Scotch-Irish origin, and they have had one child, John Caughey. Mrs. Bigger died March 16, 1885. She was a member of the Presbyterian church, to which Mr. Bigger also belongs. In politics he is a Republican, and has served as a member of the council of Beaver borough. Fkank R. Birnbr, tailor, P. O. Beaver Falls, was born in Hirschberg, Austria, March 3, 1855, son of Rudolph and Elizabeth (Huk) Birner. He was reared in his native town, where he learned his trade, at which he served an apprenticeship of three years, after which he worked as journeyman in the principal cities of Germany for six years. In 1878 he entered the Austrian army as second lieutenant of his company, and served three years. In 1881 he was a merchant tailor in Hirschberg. In 1882 he sailed for America, and located in Beaver township where he has since worked at his trade as a journeyman. In 1883 Mr. Birner married Antonia Wetzger, a native of Munchen- gratz, Austria. He is a member of the Catholic church. Turners and Druids. Samuel Blair, farmer, P. O. Homewood, was born where he now resides, Dec. 27, 1836. His grandfather, Samuel, removed from Chartiers to the location our subject now occupies, in 1797. He secured a large parcel of land. His family numbered several children, including only one son, Samuel. The latter married Isabella, daughter of John Stockman, who came from Chester county, Pa., and settled near Mr. Blair in 1801. The Stockman family, according to tradition, was of Irish and the Blair family of Scotch origin. All were connected with the Presbyterian church as are their des- cendants to the present day. They never sought political preferment, although they always supported the Republican party. Samuel Blair died in 1858, aged sixty-five years, and his wife in 1877, being about eighty-one years old. Of their eleven children fi^e sons and three daughters grew to maturity. Moses died at home unmarried; John was killed at the battle of Cold Harbor; Robert resides in New Chillicothe, Kan.; Samuel, our subject; Silas died in hospital from a wound received at the battle of Fair Oaks; Eliza, unmarried, resides in Big Beaver town- ship; Isabella married John F. Hillman, of Big Beaver township, and after her death, the younger sister, Martha Ann, became his wife. Samuel Blair has a farm of 200 acres, and enjoys a fine home. He is also interested in a royalty in a coal bank in Lawrence county. He married Margaret, daughter of John and Hester (Cochran) Strat- ton, all of Irish descent. Mrs. Blair was born in Chippewa township, this county, Dec. 24, 1836. She is the mother of ten children, of whom six are living; all at home. Their names in order of birth are as follows: John C, Hettie, Isabella, Resetta, Frank P. and Edmund Bates. J. 0. BoYLB, county commissioner, P. O. Beaver Falls, was born in what is now Beaver Falls, Nov. 22, 1819, and is a son of David and Rhoda (Hendrickson) Boyle. His paternal grandfather, Henry Boyle, of Irish descent, was a blacksmith by trade, also a furnaceman, and was a veteran of the war of 1813. He was a pioneer of what Is now Beaver Falls, and later removed to Yellow Creek, Ohio, where he died. His children were— Alexander, Henry, John, William, David, Ellen, Nancy, Mary and Jane. The grandmother was taken a prisoner by the Indians in pioneer times while gathering greens. Her husband went to the rescue and killed one redskin, cut the bands which bound his wife, grabbed his children, and they made their escape . While running away he received three bullets in his body, which he carried to his grave. The maternal grandfather of our subject was Daniel Hendrickson, a pioneer of what is now Lawrence county, in early times a part of Beaver. David Boyle, father of J . C. , was a blacksmith by trade, and worked in the first furnace in what is now Beaver Falls. In later life he BIOGRAPHIES WEST SIDE. 625 engaged in farming in Chippewa township, on the farm now owned and occupied by our subject, and died there. He was a soldier of the war of 1813, and was on the brig "Niagara" when it was disabled by the British on Lalie Erie. His children were ten in number : Jackson, John C, Daniel, Milo, Henry, Christopher, Sabina, Mary, Sarah and Eliza. J. C. was reared in Beaver Falls, where he learned the blacksmith's trade, which he followed for several years . He then went on the canal and was one of the first captains to take a boat from Pittsburgh to Cleveland. He followed the canal twelve years, and then engaged with James Wood & Co. as manager of their furnaces in Ohio and Pennsylvania. In 1858 he located in New Brighton and was postmaster there nine years. Since 1883 he has lived in Chippewa township. He has been married twice. His first wife was Eleanor Loomis, of Beaver county, by whom he had two children, Milo and David, both of whom were in the war of the rebellion, the former being killed at the battle of Chancellorsville . Mr. Boyle's present wife was Nancy M. Foster. He is one of the prominent substantial citizens of the county, and was elected county com- missioner in 1884 for a term of three years ; he is a Republican. John R. Btsaden, teacher, Beaver Palls, was born in Huntingdon county. Pa., Oct. 1, 1831. His parents, Joseph and Margaret (Rankin) Braden, settled in Beaver county in 1833, locating in Little Beaver township (now Lawrence county), and lived and died there. Their children were Elizabeth (Mrs. Thomas Middleton), Anna M. (Mrs. .John Wilson), Margaret (Mrs. John McCotton), Matilda (Mrs. Joseph Consolus), Belle (Mrs. Augustus Corey) and John R. The latter began teaching at the age of six- teen years, which he has followed continuously as a profession since 1837. He is said to be the oldest teacher in Beaver county. He was three times wedded ; In 1838, he married Jemima Cochran, of Chippewa township, this county. His second wife was Nancy, daughter of John B. Wallace, of Alleghany county, and by her he had six chil- dren: Wallace (who served three and one-half years in the war of the rebellion, having enlisted in Company E, 14th Pennsylvania Volunteers; was promoted to sergeant and sergeant-major of second battalion, and received an honorable discharge at the expiration of service); ^Villiam, Joseph, John, Margaret (Mrs. Samuel McQuiston), and James W. Mr. Braden's third wife was Mrs. Jane Freed. Mr. Braden is a member of the Pres- byterian church, and the I. O. O. F. In politics he is a Republican. M. M. Bkaden, liveryman, Beaver Falls, was born in Raccoon township Jan. 34, 1843, and is a son of John A. and Arabella (Elliott) Braden. His paternal grandfather was John Braden, a farmer of Raccoon township and a son of James Braden, of Welsh descent, who at one time owned 1,000 acres of land in the southern part of the county, where he settled about 1795. He was driven away by the Indians, but returned and spent the rest of his life in Raccoon township. He had one son, John, who also lived in Raccoon township. He had five children: James, John A., William, Margaret (Mrs. Robert Potter), and Rebecca (Mrs. John Potter). Of these John A. was a farmer, and lived on the homestead farm on the Ohio river. He had five children by his first wife: John, Margaret (Mrs. William Elliott), Willie, James R., and Montrose M. By his second wife, Rebecca (Alcom), he had the following children: Mary A. (Mrs. Joseph Allen), Robert H., Oliver C. and Armida. Mr. Braden's maternal grandfather, William Elliott, settled in Moon township in 1825. Our subject located in Beaver Falls in October, 1873, and embarked in the livery business with his brother, James R. , in which they have been very successful. In 1873 he married Harriet daughter of Reason and Mary J. (Rambo) Barnes, by whom he has two children living: Meda C. and Howard. Akthur B. Bradpokd, farmer, P. O. Enon "Valley, was born in Reading, Pa., March 38, 1810, and is a son of Ebenezer G. and Ruth Bradford. His paternal grand- father was Rev. Ebenezer Bradford, of Massachusetts, a descendant in the fifth genera- tion from' William Bradford, who came over in the "Mayflower" in 1630. Mr. Bradford was educated at the Northumberland academy, and at the Milton academy under the Rev. David Kirkpatrick, receiving the honorary degree of A.M. from Union College, Schenectady, N. Y. He was married in 1836 to Elizabeth, daughter of Captain Benjamin Wickes, of Philadelphia. The children of this marriage are Oliver B., Mary 626 HISTOEY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. Elizabeth, Ruth Anna B., Isabella Graham, Josephine Frazer, Arthur B., Margaret Ann and Samuel Winchester. Mr. Bradford came from New Jersey in 1838 to Darlington, Beaver county. Pa., in the capacity of a Presbyterian minister, and during the next year became pastor of the church of Mount Pleasant, near that village. He remained such for sixteen years. In 1847 he took part with a number of other clergymen of the Old and New School Presbyterian churches, in forming the Free Presbyterian church, con- sisting of several Presbyteries, aind whose only point of diSerence from the organiza- tion they left was, that the Free church was decidedly anti-slavery in character, and refused to hold churcti communion with slave holders. In 1854 Mr. Bradford removed to New Castle, Pa., and became pastor of the Free Presbyterian church which had been organized in that town, and so continued to be until the civil war broke out. In 1861 he accepted the appointment, offered him by President Lincoln, of United States consul to the city of Amoy, one of the five open ports of China; but the climate of that latitude being unfriendly to his health, which had been previously broken down, he returned home and resumed his pastoral duties at New Castle. After the war ended in the triumph of the Union and the Constitution, and slavery had been abolished by the pro- clamation of the President, the Free church disbanded, and the ministers and congrega- tions which had composed the body found such ecclesiastical connections as they pleased. Having, during his voyage and residence abroad, made the acquaintance of all the five different races into which the human family is divided, and having discovered that the sentiments of justice, honor, chastity, benevolence, self-respect, etc., were the same among the so-called "heathen" as they were among his countrymen at home, he began to suspect that his religion, which consigned them all to eternal perdition, because, for no fault of their own, they were ignorant of the Bible, was a theological system deficient in truth, justice and mercy. This suspicion strengthened with further obser- vation and reflection, and finally led to such an examination of the evidences of Chris- tianity as he had never before given the subject; because, when a student enters a theological seminary in this country, as he had done, he takes for granted the truth of Christianity and of his sectarian creed, and his sole object is, — not to study the subject of religion as a topic in the science of man; and whether Cliristianity is true and all other religious false, — but to qualify himself to become a preacher in the sect to which he belongs, and in whose creed he has been educated. He only takes, and that necessarily, an ex parte, or profile view of the subject. This fact explains how it comes to pass that a clergyman, after preaching his religion for years, may undergo a thorough revolution in his opinions without being justly charged with previous hypocrisy in preaching what he did not believe, since he may have been all the time living up to the light he had, entirely ignorant of the merits of the other side of the question. Hence, a person wonders how his intelligent and good neighbors can be, the one a Catholic, the second a Methodist, the third a Baptist, and the fourth a Unitarian, while each one of them wonders how he can be a Presbyterian . Such antagonisms of opinion are not visible among the students and professors of physical science, because their department is one of inquiry, in which the dogmas of authority have no sway; and this fact shows that in the first case there has been no investigation of both sides of the questions so diametri- cally at issue, but each party holds his creed to be true, because he has been educated to believe so, while the scientist accepts nothing but what, after the most careful examina- tion, pro and con., is demonstrated to be true. Mr. Bradford's investigations extended through several years, with his prejudices all the time in favor of his religion; but the force of what appeared to him to be the truth was so great, that it resulted in a radical change of opinion, and he felt it his duty as an honest man to withdraw from the church and ministry entirely. This he accordingly did, and retired to his farm, where he was living in the seventy-eighth year of his age at the time of this writing, laboring through the medium of the press to prevent other people from being involved in the same cloud of darkness out of which it had cost him so much to emerge. J.\C0B S. Bradlky, steamboat steward, P. O. Vanport, was born in York countv. Pa., Dec. 1, 1826, and is a son of John and Catherine .(Miller) Bradley, of Dutch BIOGEAPHIES — WEST SIDE. 627 * and Irish desceilt, former by trade a carpenter. The family consisted of five children,' of whom Jacob S., the fourth, was reared in Allegheny C'ity, attended school there and has been engaged as steward for many years. He was married at Cincinnati, Ohio, to May, daughter of Thomas and Mary (DufEy) Ryan, and their children were— John, who died at the age of twenty -two years; Anna, wife of Matthew Brookmyre, of Vanport; Wil- lie, who died at seven years of age; Joseph, a boatman on the Ohio river; George, also a boatman on the Ohio river, and Frank, a telegraph operator on the Lake Erie rail- road . Mr. Bradley is a member of the Catholic church. In politics he is a Democrat . J. Phillis BRADSII.4.W, farmer, P. O. Barlington, was born in 1829, and is the eldest son of Robert Bradshaw, a farmer by occupation, who died in 1874, aged seventy- five years; his widow is yet living at the age of eighty -five years. Robert Bradshaw, grandfather of our subject, came from 'Westmoreland county, about 1796, and bought 250 acres of land in South Beaver township. He married Sarah Wood, who bore him two sons, Thomas and Robert, and four daughters. J. Phillis Bradshaw was reared on the farm and received a common-school education. He was married, in 1859, to Elizabeth, daughter of John and Elizabeth (Thompson) Cuth- bertson, and they have had seven children: Robert, Maggie, John, Joseph, Bvalina, ^ William S. and Tamar Mabel. The family are members of the Reformed Presbyterian church. >Ir. Bradshaw is a Republican. B. P. Bradshaw, farmer, P. O. Darlington, was born in South Beaver town- ship in 1846, and is a son of Robert and Margaret Bradshaw. He received a common- school education, and has always followed farming. He was married in 1877 to Jennie A., daughter of John Reed, of this county, and they had five children, of whom four • are living: John Reed, Sadie Hunter, Jessie Garfield and Mary Ellen Vance. Mr. Bradshaw has always lived in this county, with the exception of six years spent in Iowa, Illinois and Kansas. In 1883 he purchased his present farm of 123 acres. He and his wife are members of the Reformed Presbyterian church of Darling- ton. He is a Republican . MiLO Bkadshaw, farmer, P. O. Darlington, was born in South Beaver town- ship in 1833, and is a grandson of Robert and Sarah (Wood) Bradshaw, who settled in South Beaver township about 1796. The Bradshaws were originally from Ireland. Thomas Bradshaw. father of Milo, was born in 1787 and died in 1869. He married, in 1810, Martha Barclay, who bore him nine children, seven of whom grew to maturity, Milo being the youngest. The mother died in 1875 aged eighty -five years . Milo Brad- shaw was married, in 1861, t6 Jennie Hunter, born in Ohio township in 1836, daughter of John and Jane (Johnson) Hunter. Five children have been born to this union, as follows: Ella Martha, born in 1863; Minnie Belle, in 1864; Jennie Blanche, in 1868; George C. S., in 1870, and Birdie Viola, in 1875. Mr. Bradshaw is a member of the Reformed Presbyterian church. Politically he is a Republican . William H. Beickeb, register and recorder, Beaver, was born in Cumberland county. Pa., Aug. 6. 1837. He is a son of John and Eliza (House) Bricker, natives of Pennsylvania and of Swiss and German descent. His father was a farmer and the father of six children, all of whom were boys, William H. being the second. Our sub- ject grew to manhood in Cumberland county, receiving his education in the common schools, and chose farming as a business. When the civil war broke out he promptly enlisted in Company H., Third Pennsylvania Volunteer cavalry, was promoted to the office of second lieutenant and assigned to Company B. In that capacity he served until 1863, when he was captured in Virginia; was a prisoner for sixteen months, eight and a half months of that time in Libby prison . • He managed to escape, but after twelve days was re-captured and returned to prison. His regiment was discharged and returned to Cumberland county five months before his release ; he arrived home on Christmas Eve. He again engaged in farming, and in 1870 was appointed United States storekeeper, which office he held until 1876, when he resigned and removed to Beaver Falls, where he was engaged in the mercantile trade until 1883. In 1884 he was elected to his present position by 1595 majority. He is a member of Post No. 35, G. A. R. ; in politics he is a 628 HISTOEY OF BBAVEE COUNTY. Republican . Mr . Bricker married in 1868 Frances E . , daughter of John and Susannah (Raber) Pishburn, who were of German descent. Mr. and Mrs. Bricker are members of the Presbyterian Church. He has held the oiBce of register and recorder for three years, and during that time he has filled the position with credit to himself and to the entire satisfaction of the people. In 1887 he was reelected by 1804 majority, which led the entire ticket . Prank P. Bribrlt, hardware merchant, Beaver Palls, was born in Enfield, Mass., in February, 1848, and is a son of Samuel and Orilla (Kendrick) Brierly, who settled in Lawrence county. Pa. , in 1849, and in 1859 located in New Brighton, this county, where our subject was reared and educated. He learned the carpenter's trade, which he fol- lowed as an occupation six years. In 1871 he located in Beaver Palls and embarked in the general hardware business, which he has successfully continued since. He has occupied the present double store on the corner of Seventh avenue and Sixth street since 1874. The store room is 40 by 75 feet, and an addition in the rear is 20 by 45. The business comprises hardware, tinware, stoves, lime and cement, paints and oils and gen- eral building material, and is the largest and leading establishment of the kind in the county. Mr. Brierly is one of the stockholders and treasurer of the CoSperative Stove Company. He is also a stockholder in the Beaver Palls Glass Company, and a member of the firm of Knott, Harker & Co., manufacturers of grates and mantels. He is one of the live, enterprising citizens of Beaver Palls, a member of the Y. M. C. A. and Metho- dist Protestant church; in politics he is a Republican. W. H. Beiggs, proprietor of hotel, P. O. Industry. Soon after the landing of the Pilgrim Fathers on the shores of Massachusetts, three families, named respectively Briggs, Goodwin and Austin, came from England and settled in that state, the Briggs' being blacksmiths by trade. Henry Briggs, a descendant of this pioneer family, and the second son born to his parents, left his native state with his family in 1838, and took up a quarter-section of land in South Beaver township, this county, where he followed blacksmithing and hotel keeping. Moving to Youngstown, Ohio, he remained there a short timeand then returned to the farm known then as " Black Hawk Postoffice." He married Mary Weascott, whose ancestors came from Massachusetts, and six children were given them. W. H., the eldest son was born in 1833, near the old "Stamping Ground " occupied by his early ancestors. The father died at the age of eighty-four years, his widow at the age of eighty-nine. Our subject learned the trade of his fore- fathers, which he has followed, together with other .pursuits, to the present time, and for the past thirty years he has been engaged in steamboat engineering. During the war he carried supplies for northern soldiers, operating in the south. For the past twenty-two years his present place has been his home, and in his absence the " River View Hotel" is conducted by Mrs. Briggs. He was married in 1846 to Deborah, daughter of Joseph, and sister of Captain Stockdale, of Allegheny county. Their children are Joseph S., Elizabeth A. (now Mrs. Johnson), Flora B. (in Des Moines, Iowa), and George E. The family are members of the Christian church. Mr. Briggs is a Republican. R. J. Bbittain, physician. New Galilee, was born in Beaver (now Lawrence) county, in 1838. James, his father, a farmer by occupation, was born in this county in 1805 and died in 1848; he married Jane McChesney, by whom he had four children, our subject being the second son. The grandfather, Jeremiah, who was Scotch-Irish, located in this county in 1797, and purchased land. Dr. Brittain was educated at private schools and at the Darlington and Beaver academies. He was married in 1864 to Mary E. daughter of George Grier. He was next married to Kizzie O'Brien, a sister of his first wife, and by her had four children born: Elmer E., in 1868; Amelia L., in 1871; BstellaE. and Cordelia E. (twins), in 1873. Our subject began the study of medicine in 1854 with Drs. Hezlop and Meigs. He entered Jefferson Medical Col- lege in 1860, and was graduated in March, 1863. For two years thereafter he practiced in Philadelphia, and in 1865 came to New Galilee, where he has since remained. He enjoys an extensive and lucrative practice. During the war he was a member of the BIOGEA.PHIES WEST SIDE. 629 volunteer corps of surgeons. He is a member of the Presbyterian church. In politics an independent Republican. William Broman, glass-presser, Beaver Palls, was born in Allegheny City, Pa., Aug. 11, 1849. His parents, Henry and Lena (Rosafield) Broman, were natives of Alsace, France (now Germany), and came to America about 1840, settling in Allegheny City, where our subject was reared and educated. He began his trade at Pittsburgh in 1859, and has worked at it ever since. He located in Beaver Falls in 1879, and was one of the organizers and stockholders of the Cooperative Flint Glass Works, where he has since been employed. His wife was Sarah Iseley, of Pittsburgh, by whom he has two children living, Charlie and Sarah. Mr. Broman Is a member of the A. O. U. W. and of the German Lutheran church. In politics he is a Democrat. Hauvey Brown, merchant, Bridgewater, was born in Beaver county April 23, 1843, and is a son of John and Margaret (Hart) Brown, natives of Beaver county. His paternal ancestors came from Ireland. His mother was a descendant of John Hart, a signer of the Declaration of Independence. Our subject's grandparents settled on the south side of Beaver county, and followed agricultural pursuits. His father was a boat builder by trade, and in later life was engaged in selling stoves in Allegheny City. His family consisted of five children, four now living. Harvey, the second in the family was reared in Bridgewater, where he was educated in the common schools. He also attended Duff's college, in Pittsburgh. In 1863 he began clerking for A. S. Plarvey, and remained with him until 1867, when he embarked in his present business. He deals in glass, wooden, willow and queen's ware and hardware. In 1862 he enlisted in the Bea- ver Infantry, Company F, 140th Regiment, under Colonel Roberts, and was discharged Feb. 6. 1863. He is a member of the G. A. R., also of the K. of P. and of the I. O. O. F. He is a director of the first building association of Rochester, also of West Bridgewater Association, and is a F. & A. M. Mr. Brown was married March 21, 1871, to Mrs. Martha Elizabeth Ady, a native of Wheeling, W. Va., and of English descent. Their children are Ella and James L. The family are members of the Methodist Epis- copal church. Mr. Brown has been a member and treasurer of the official board for eleven years, and at present is superintendent of the Sabbath-school. John E. Bryek, glass-blower, Beaver Falls, was born in Pittsburgh, Pa., May 11, 1844, and is a son of John and Susan (Galley) Bryer, of Pennsylvania. He was reared and educated in his native city, where he learned his trade. He located in Bridgewater in 1863, and worked at his trade until 1869; then removed to Pittsburgh and was in the employ of Brice Bros, nine years. In 1878 he came to Beaver Falls, and was the pro- jector of the Cooperative Flint Glass Works, of which he is now a stockholder, and where he has since been employed. His wife was Kate, a daughter of Daniel Tor- rance, of Bridgewater, by whom he has three children; William D., Oliver J. and Lillie May. Mr. Bryer is one of the stockholders of the Ci1;izens' Gas Co., is a member of the K. of P., and the Methodist Protestant church. Politically he is a Republican. John M. Buchanan, attorney at law, Beaver, is a son of Thomas C. and Eliza (Mayhew) Buchanan, the former of whom died when his son was but an infant. JohnM. (with the exception of the first five years of his life spent in and near Florence, Washington county, Pa., wherehis forefathers had resided since 1791, and two years spent in Fair- view, W Va.), was reared in the home of an uncle, Joseph K. Buchanan, in Hanover township, Beaver county. Pa. He was prepared for college by the Hon. Thomas Nicholson and Rev . J. P. Moore, chiefly by recitations made during winter evenings, and was graduated at Washington and Jefferson College in the class of 1869. Imme- diately after graduation he was entered as a student of law in the office of the Hon . Samuel B. Wilson, and reaching the requisite legal age, was admitted to the bar on motion of Edward B. Daugherty, Esq., Sept. 3, 1872, having supported himself in the meanwhile by teaching. In 1874 he was elected district attorney, as a Democrat, by a majority of 94 and was reelected in.l877 by 303 majority. Mr. Buchanan very soon after his admission placed himself in point of ability and success among the leading attor- neys of the county, and has since been largely identified with its most important litigation . 630 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTT. George Burhknn, glass presser, BeaverFalls, was born in Hesse Cassell, Germany, March 1 1851, and is a son of Ewald and Elizabeth Burhenn, who came to America in 1854 and settled in Pittsburgh, Pa., where the father, who was a nailsmith by trade, resided until his death. George was reared and educated in Pittsburgh, and there learned his trade, which he has followed since 1863. He located in Beaver 1 alls in 1879, and was one of the organizers and stockholders of the Cooperative Flint Glass Works, in which he has since been interested. In 1879 he married Clara, daughter of Christopher Chobert, of Pittsburgh. By her he has four children : Henry, Peter E John and George H. Mr. Burhenn is a member of the I. O. O. F., K. of H. and Turner Society. Politically, he is independent. Jacob Btjhhekn, glass presser, Beaver Falls, was born in Pittsburgh, Pa., Aug. 8, 1860, and is a son of Ewald and Elizabeth Burhenn, who came to America in 1854 and settled in Pittsburgh, Pa., where the father, who wasa nailsmith by trade, resided until his death. Jacob was reared, educated and learned his trade in Pittsburgh. July 1, 1887, he located in Beaver Falls, where he has since been in the employ of the Cooper- ative Flint Glass "Works. July 18, 1886, he married Lizzie, daughter of Jonas Batz, of Pittsburgh, by whom he has one child, Edward. He is a member of the Glass Workers' Union, and in politics is a Republican . John Cain, farmer, P. O. Darlington, was born In Lancaster county in 1814, and came to Beaver county in 1841. His father, James Cain, came from Ireland at an early day, locating in Marietta, Pa., and was by occupation a "nailer." He married Jane, daughter of Samuel Getty, also of Ireland. Born to James Cain and his wife were seven children, of whom John is the eldest. He had but few opportunities in youth for receiving an education, his father having died when he (John) was compara- tively young. His mother came to Allegheny county in 1841, and soon after moved to Darlington township, where since that date he has resided. Mr. Cain has been a farmer since he was thirteen years of age. He followed tanning for three years, but never learned the trade. He was married, in 1836, to Sarah, daughter of James Mahan, of Allegheny county, and thirteen children were born to them. Those living are James, John, Eliza, Franklin, Ella, Harry, William, Ida, Homer and Delight. Mr. Cain has held many township offices, and has always been regarded, by those who know, him, as an upright and honest man, much respected. He is a F. & A. M ;in politics, a Democrat. Leandbr Caikns, retired, P. O. New Brighton, was born in this county in 1838, and is a son of William and Edna (Morrow) Cairns (the latter a native of Philadelphia), the parents of nine children, seven now living, Leander being the only surviving son. The father was born in Westmoreland county, Pa., in 1793, and in 1800 was brought by his parents to Beaver county. Here he followed farming until he was eighteen years of age, and then learned carpentering and cabinet making. He was prominently identified, politically, in Beaver county, and was elected sheriff in 1833, also associate judge, as well as to other positions of trust. For many years he carried on boat-building and the saw and grist milling business. Leander chiefly remained at home, assisting his father in his various industries, and was for some time engaged in the gunboat service on the Mississippi river under Commodore Davis, but was compelled, on account of ill-health, to retire from the same. Mr. Cairns and a sister now make Industry their home, where they live in quiet retirement. John H. Calbr, blacksmith, P, O. Fallston, was born in Big Beaver town- ship, Beaver county, in August, 1833, and is a son of Michael Caler and Susanna (Nicolson) Caler, natives of Beaver county and of German and English origin. The father was a riverman, and in later life bought timber land and sold cord wood, also worked a stone quarry on his land. The family consisted of nine children. John H., the eldest son, was reared in Big Beaver township, and attended school three months in winter. Early in life he learned the blacksmith's trade, but has preferred to work at the more difficult departments of the trade, and is well known in larger cities. Most of his work comes from outside of Beaver county. Since 1861 he has been manufacturing oil tools. Mr. Caler was married in Beaver county to Miss Mary I. , daughter of William BIOGRAPHIES WEST SIDE. 631 Moore, and their children are William, Ira and John, blacksmiths, Lewis, Elva and Edith. In politics Mr. Caler is a Uepublican. He is a member of the town council and president of the school board. Mrs. Caler is a member of the Methodist church. Stephen Calvin, farmer, P. O. Black Hawk, was born in this county in 1807, and is one of the oldest citizens now living in South Beaver township. He is the eldest of thirteen children born to James and Elizabeth (Grosscross) Calvin. James Calvin died in 1835, aged fifty years. He came to Beaver county from Allegheny county about 1794, and with a brother purchased 400 acres of land on Brush Run. He continuSd farming until his death. Six of his children are living. Stephen has been engaged in various pursuits. In early life he was a carpenter, and was for some time employed in milling. In 1836 he purchased his present farm of 160 acres. In 1843 he was married to Jane, daughter of Andrew Graham, and they had ten children, eight of whom are living: James, Robert, .Mary Jane (Mrs. May), Elizabeth, Stephen, William L., Eme- line aad Martha A. (Mrs. Puukhouser). The mother died in 1861, aged forty-one years. Mr, Calvin is a Democrat. WiLLi.vM Campbell (deceased) was born in county Tyrone, Ireland, in 1819, and died in 1885. He came to America about 1842, landing in Philadelphia. In 1843 he moved to Beaver county, and was for four years employed in a woolen factory! He then purchased 125 acres of land, which he successfully tilled for a number of years. At his death he owned 200 acres. He married Mary, daughter of William and Margaret (Graham) McKey, of this county. She bore him seven children (of whom six are living): David, Matilda, Margaret, Annie (Mrs. Moore, deceased), Jennie P., James A. and Mary E. The mother died in 1881. The surviving children are all living on the homestead, and none are married. They are members of the Presbyterian church. Jesse W. Cakothehs, farmer, P. 0. Beaver, was born in Patterson township, this county, Dec. 20, 1826. He is a son of John and Nancy (White) Carothers, natives of Pennsylvania, the mother of Irish parentage, and the father born in the Cumberland valley. John Carothers, who was a farmer, came to Beaver county in 1814, and settled in Patterson township. His family consisted of nine children, seven of them now in Beaver county. Jesse W., the fourth, was reared in Patterson township, on the farm, attended the district school and chose farming as a business, which he has followed all his life. He was married in Beaver county, in 1851, to Sarah, daughter of Joseph Mitchell, and of Irish descent. They have three children now living: Anna Agnes (wife of Thomas Purdy), Eliza Elma (wife of Frank Dunkin), and Sarah Luella. Mr. and Mrs Carothers are members of the Presbyterian church. He is a Democrat, and has served for ten years as school director and four years as justice of the peace. He is the owner of a farm of nearly 200 acrps of well-improved land. , WttLiAM Carter (deceased) was born in Westmoreland County, Va., Dec. 2, 1802, and was a son of Charles and Jane (Anderson) Carter; former, born in the same county in 1760, and latter in Washington county, Md., in 1778. His paternal grand- father was Charles B. Carter, a son of Robert Carter, who was a son of King Carter, a gentleman of immense wealth, who emigrated to Virginia from England in 1704. The family, who are well and favorably known in Virginia, are principally engaged in agri- cultural pursuits, though one or two are connected with the United States navy. Charles B Carter, paternal grandfather of our subject, was a large planter in Virginia, and died in Berkeley county in 1807. Charles Carter, father of William, was an iron master; he was an officer in the Revolutionary war, and was present at the surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown. He made a settle- ment at what is now Beaver Falls in 1797, remaining but a short time. In 1802 he returned and built a furnace at old Brighton (now Beaver Falls), in which he forged the first piece of iron made in the county. He died near Mount Etna Furnace, Butler county, in 1829. His wife was a niece of Gen. Carlisle, of Revolutionary fame. They had eight children: John (a soldier of the war of 1812), George, William, Charles (a major-general of the Pennsylvania line, who participated in several Indian wars, and 632 HISTORY OF BEAVEK COUNTY. who was in the government service until 1861); David A. (in the war of 1812); James A. (who served in the Mexican war under Gen. Taylor); Jane C. (Mrs. Hiram Reed) and Elizabeth (Mrs. Horatio M. Large). William Carter was a teacher hy profession, but in later years followed engineering. He was justice of the peace for many years, and died in New Brighton, June 30, 1876. His wife, Valeria, was a daughter of Dan- iel and Margaret (Steen) Reeves. They had eight children, four of whom are living: Charles, Addie V. (Mrs. John Scott), Margaretta and Elizabeth (Mrs. Lewis Graham). John Chaney, farmer, P. 0. Ohioville, son of "William and Elizabeth (Chris- tier) Chaney, was born Jan. 23, 1852, near Ohioville, this county, where he spent the days of his youth and received his education. His father was born Oct. 4, 1821, in Columbiana county, Ohio, and died Oct. 3, 1886. His mother was born on the old home- stead near Ohioville. John's grandfather, Johnson Chaney, was born at Pittsburgh, Pa., and his father, John, was one of the first settlers at Pittsburgh. Mr. Chaney's • grandfather, on his mother's side, George Christler's father, immigrated to this country, settled near Shippingport, Pa., and was one of the first settlers of this place. Our subject was married Sept. 26, 1876, to Ella Amelia Lyan, daugliter of Alfred and Ellen (Fowler) Lyan, born Dec. 16, 1856. near Ohioville, Beaver county. Pa. Four children have been born to this union: Raymond C, Nellie, Leroy and Charles W. Mr. and Mrs. Chaney are members of the Reformed Presbyterian church. Mr. Chaney's father was an elder in the same church, and after his death Mr. Chaney assumed the same oiBce. JohnW. M. Childs, machinery dealer, Smith's Perry, ason of Lorenzo and Ann Car- oline (Marshall) Childs, was born in Brooklyn, N. Y., Jan. 1, 1838. His father was born in August, 1810, at Vershire, Vt.; his mother was a native of Brooklyn, and died March 80, 1841 . Lorenzo Childs spent his youth at the place of his birth, and, when a young man, went to New York City, where he learned the machinery business. He married, April 30, 1833, in the Episcopal church, Jamaica, L. I., and shortly after came to Cleveland and thence moved to Pittsburgh. Later he moved to Pallston, and subse- quently started a shop for himself at New Brighton, afterward taking in David Mc- Connell as partner, under name of Childs & McConnel. After doing business in New Brighton, as the firm of Childs ifc McConnell, for some time, they removed their machine shop to Pallston, purchased new site with good water power, they then took in new partner. The firm name was then changed to Childs, McConnell & Darragh, doing quite an extensive business up to the time of Mr. Child's selling his interest out of the machine business. About the year 1859 he came to Smith's Ferry, built a mill, which was operated for some time by him and Mr. Smith. Thjey afterward closed' out the mill and engaged in the oil business. He died at Bridgewater, Aug. 19, 1864. The subject of this sketch came to Pennsylvania with his parents about 1843, and received his schooling in Beaver county . He learned the machinist's trade at his father's shop at New Brighton and at Fallston. In 1859 he came to Smith's Ferry with his father and engaged in setting up machinery; in 1867 he began to sell machinery, and by hard work and attention has been successful; he is the owner of good buildings and a fine residence, and has a large trade in machinery, carrying a heavy stock. Most of his trade, however, is foreign, since the decline of the oil trade here. Mr. Childs mar- ried at Pittsburgh, Sept. 30, 1869, Agnes B., daughter of Ralph and Margaret (Alman) Ecofl, born at Rochester, Pa., Jan. 23, 1848. Her father was a carpenter and ccniractor, a native of this, county, born Sept. 9, 1818, and died of small pox at Rochester, Jan. 14, 1855. Her mother was also a native of this county, born June 15, 1822, and died April 18, 1854. Three girls and one boy were born to Mr. and Mrs. Childs: John W. M., now clerk for his father; Grace Mary, attending school at Beaver; Agnes Gertrude and Blanche Margaret, at home. Mr. Child's family are members of the Presbyterian church. John Coalman came from New Jersey and settled at the mouth of Little Beaver at an early day. In 1803 he moved near the town of Mt. .lackson, then in Beaver county. In 1807 he started on a journey to Philadelphia with saddle and pack-horses, carrying with him $300 worth of furs. After disposing of the above articles he started home. BIOGRAPHIES WEST SIDE. 633 When about one hundred miles from the city he was beset by highwaymen, robbed of money and horses, and threatened with death if he attempted to return to Philadelphia. Thus situated, with nothing but gun and ammunition, he began aweary journey of three hundred miles on foot, living by the way on wild game, roots, etc. He returned safely, however, and ever after lived on his farm, where he died at the age of ninety-nine years. His wife was Mary JIahen, by whom he had eleven children, eight girls and three boys. John Coleman, blacksmith, Bridgewater, was born in County Antrim, Ireland, in January, 1843, and is a son of Thomas and Eleanore (Shaw) Coleman . His father, a blacksmith, came to America in 1866, living only three weeks after his arrival, and leaving three sons and three daughters. John, the eldest son, received his education in the old country, where he also learned the blacksmith's trade with his father, and has fol- lowed his trade twenty -four years in Beaver county. He worked for the railroad com- pany before they built theshops. He was married in Ireland, in 1863, to Mary A. Kussell, and their children are Thomas, a mould maker; William, a blacksmith; Robert John; Anna R.; Elenore, and jNIary Jane. The mother died March 10, 1887, a member of the Presbyterian church. 5Ir. Coleman is an elder and trustee of same church, and has taught in the Sabbath-school. He is a member of the school board, and in politics is a Republican. James JI . Conkle, pattern maker, Beaver Falls, was born in Greene township, this county, Sept. 10, 1832, son of John and Catherine (Persley) Conkle. His paternal grandfather was Henry Conkle, a pioneer of Beaver county, and an Indian scout for a number of years. He was also in the war of 1813, and was a noted hunter and expert shot in his day. He finally settled in Greene township, this county, and engaged in farm- ing, residing there until his death in about 1840 . His children were John, George, Jacob, Samuel, Sally, Betsey, Ann and Polly. John, the eldest, was a native of Greene town- ship, and lived and died there. He was a carpenter by trade, which he followed in early life, but later engaged in farming. His children were Henry, Mary A., Margaret, Jacob, John, James M., Robert, William, Milton and Vincent. James M. was reared in Greene township, this county, where he learned the millwright's trade, which he has followed as a business, off and on, to the present time. For the past two years he has been engaged principally in pattern making. He located in Beaver Falls in 1867, where he has since resided. In 1866 he married Mary, daughter of Robert and Hannah (Ruth) McKeage, who settled in Beaver county in 1847, and by this union there are three children living : Charlie, Walter and Roy. Mr. Conkle is a member of the I. O. O. F. and K. of P. Ih politics he is a Democrat. * Robert Conkel, carpenter, P. O. McCleary, was born in Greene township, this county, Nov. 36. 1834, and is a son of John and Catherine (Persley) Conkel. His pater- nal grandfather was Henry Conkel, a pioneer of Beaver county, a noted Indian scout and hunter, and a soldier in the war of 1812. He was a farmer by occu- pation, and lived and died in Greene township. He had eight children, of whom John, the father of our subject, was the eldest. He was a carpenter by trade and was born and reared in Greene township, where he resided until his death. Robert was reared in Greene township, where he learned the carpenter's trade. In 1854 he located in Missouri and later in Illinois, where he worked at his trade as a journeyman, and did considerable business as a contractor and builder. In 1862 he enlisted in the 76th Illi- nois Infantry, and participated in the siege of Vicksburg, battles of Fort Blakely and Spanish Fort, as well as other engagements, and was honorably discharged at Gal- veston, Tex., in August, 1865. In 1866 he located in Hookstown, this county, and in 1868 in Beaver Falls, remaining there until 1884, when he removed to Raccoon township, where he now resides. In 1867 Mr. Conkel married Mary J., daughter of David and Mary Glenn, of Greene township, this county, and has nine children : Marilda, Frank, William and Dora (twins). Alma, John A., Thomas, Henry and Emma J. He is a mem- ber of the G. A. R.; in politics a Republican. Thomas B. Conway, Vanpoi;t, was born in New Brighton, this county, Jan. 6, 1831, and is a son of John and Fannie (Barchus) Conway, natives of Pennsylvania and 634 HISTORY OF BEAVEK COUNTY. of Irish descent. His father died when he was but two years of age. Our subject attended the common schools and acquired a fair education. At the age of seventeen he went forth into the world to do for himself. In 1846 he had charge of a construction train as conductor, which occupation he followed for nine j'ears; being also a foreman of construction of the Cleveland & Pittsburgh K. R. when it was built. He 'married Mary, daughter of James H. and Margaret (Caldwell) Douds, in the year 1856. His wife was born in Beaver county, and is of Scotch descent. In the year he was married, he came to Vanport, and has made that his home since, being the possessor of two resi- dences there. He has followed the lime busitaess since his marriage, and is well known throughout the county as a manufacturer of the Beaver county gray lime. He has three children living : Fannie B. (wife of W. H. Gordon, a merchant of Vanport), John D. (a telegraph operator, employed in the master of machinery's department P. & L. E. R. R. , Chartiers), May, youngest daughter, at home. Mr. and Mrs. Conway are prominent members of the Presbyterian church, Bridgewater. In politics, he is a staunch Repub- lican, and has held various positions on the school board of this place. George "W. Cook, ticket and express agent, C. & P. R. R., at Cook station, P. O. Industry, was born in Princeton, N. J., Sept. 13, 1816. His parents, William and Ruthie (Drummons) Cook, were natives of New Jersey, where they were married and died. They had three children. George W., the only survivor, was married March 5, 1839, to Margaret Fuhr, a native of Philadelphia, born in 1832, a daughter of Major George Fuhr (deceased). To this union have been born eight children, six now living; William, Amanda, Ernest, Sarah I., Bertha and Clara; Caroline and Deborah are deceased. The mother died May 30, 1874. Mr. Cook is by trade a willow-basket maker, which business he was followed since his thirteenth year; has also been ticket agent for the C. ifc P. R. R. for a period of twenty-nine years. He has been a resident of Beaver county since 1853, and own his residence, as well as the ferry which bears his name. He is a Democrat, and has filled several township offices. Henry Copmann, teamster, Beaver Falls, was born in Hanover, Germany, Oct. 15, 1845, and is a son of Fred and Henrietta Copmann, who came to America in 1879, and settled in Allegheny City. Our subject was reared and educated in his native town. He came to America in 1866, and located in Beaver Falls in 1872, where he has since resided. He embarked in business there as a teamster, which vocation he still follows. Beginning without a dollar, he has accumulated a fine property, of which he justly feels proud. He does the hauling and teaming for several of the largest manufacturing concerns in Beaver Falls, besides considerable outside work. Mr. Copmann married, in 1869, Mary Wickman, of Allegheny City, by whom he has seven children; John, Mary, Carrie, Emma, Harry^ Annie and Maggie. He is a member of the German Lutheran church and the' Society of Druids; in politics he is a Democrat, John Corbtis, superintendent of car works, Beaver Falls, was born in Fallston, this county, Oct. 13, 1831, and is a son of John S. and Eliza (Reeves) Corbus, the' former a native of ^Muskingum county, Ohio, and the latter of Beaver county. Pa. ' The father came to Beaver county about 1824, and served an apprenticeship in Pallston at scythe making, which he followed there for several years. He then learned the trade of wire drawer with Robert Townsend, Esq. , in whose employ and that of hisson, William P. Townsend, he has passed upwards of fifty years. His children were seven in number- Mary J. (Mrs. Hugh Irwin), John, Thankful (Mrs. Dr. Louis Jack), Elizabeth (deceased) Margaret (ilrs. Richard Irwin), Daniel R. and Jesse M. John was reared in Beaver county, and for many years was engaged in merchandising in New Brighton In 1879 he accepted the position he now holds in the Beaver Palls car works He has twice mirried; first to Mary, daughter of David and Eleanor (Daly) Blair, of Pittsburgh and by her he had three children; Curtis B., Harold H. and Clarence H. His second'wife was Elsie, daughter of Dr. Isaac and Eliza (Sheets) Winans, of Mahoning county Ohio A ^^^^'^''J'^'^^^ children; Lila W., Howard L., ^lay E., Helen and Louis (twins); and Edward 1 . Jlr. Corbus is a member of the Presbyterian church and the Roval Arcanum; he is a R. A. M, ; politically a Republican. BIOGEAPHIKS — WEST SIDE. 635 A. M. Ca.\wpoKD, dealer in general merchandise, Darlington, Pa., was born in Darlington, this county, Aug. 13, 1889. His father was John M. Crawford, who, in company with his brother Peter, came from New Jersey to Beaver county, when both were quite young men. He married Miss Catherine ^liller, of Belmont, Pa., and to them were born two children, of whom A. JE. is the elder. His education was attained at Greersburg Academy. He was married in 1864 to Miss JIalissaM. McMinn, daugh- ter of Robert McMinn, Jr., whose grandfather, Robert JlcMinn, Sr., was one of the oldest residents of the county and who died at nearly one hundred years of age. To i[r. and Mrs. Crawford were born tive children: Lena D., Nellie A., Fred C, Ira F. and Alice M. Mr. Crawford has for over thirty years been engaged in business in Darling- ton, and has been identified in many ways with the interests of the town in which he lives. Politically he is a Republican. In his religious belief he clings to the Presby- terian faith. Sajiusl Creese, contractor and builder, Beaver Falls, was born in Allegheny county, March 25, 1850, and is a son of Philip and Jane (Skiles) Creese, natives of Allegheny county, and residents of Beaver Falls since 1879. Samuel Creese lenrned Ihe carpenter's trade, which he followed for fourteen years. He located in Beaver Falls in 1879, and in 1881 embarked in business as a contractor and builder. He is a thorough mechanic and a careful and competent builder. He is a member of the Presbyterian church, National Union and Knights of the Maccabees; in politics he is a Democrat. JoHX Crump, retired merchant, Beaver, was born in Virginia, October 7, 1807, and is a son of Stephen and Nancy (Sisson) Crump, natives of Virginia and of Welsh origin. His father, who was a carpenter, lived to the advanced age of ninety-three, and died in "West Virginia. John Crump's elder brother, who died at the age of ninety-two, was a soldier in the war of 1812. John is the fifth of eight children, four sons and four daughters. He was reared in West Virginia, attended the common schools, learned the carriage maker's trade, and carrifd on business in Vij^ginia twenty-five years. He then embarked in the dry goods business in Virginia . In 1864 he went to Ohio, where he was in the mercantile business until 1867, when he came to this county, bought a place on the banks of the Ohio, and retired from business. He was married in 1829 to Ruth,, daughter of John Robinson, and their children were Stephen S., a coal merchant; John R., who was a physician; George, a dealer in agricultural implements in Missouri; Wil- liam H., in the foundry business at Chicago; and L.Wesley and James S. (deceased). Mrs. Crump died in 1886. ^he and her husband were members of the Methodist Epis- copal church for more than half a century. Mr. Crump has been steward and class leader. In political preferment he is a Republican. G. A CoBBisoN, jeweler, Beaver Falls, was born in Harrisville, Butler county, Sept. 16, 1863, and is a son of George and Mary A. (Milner) Cubbison. He was reared and educated in ^Mercer county, and served an apprentices hip of four years at the jeweler's trade in Butler, Pa. with D. L. Cleeland. In 1880-82, he worked at his trade as a jour- neyman in Mercer, Pa. In March, 1883, he located in Beaver Falls where he was employed in a jewelry store one year, and in October, 1885, he embarked in business for himself in Beaver Falls, where he has already built up a large and lucrative business, which is steadily increasing. He has also a first-class gents' furnishing store. John Cunning, dealer in real estate, Beaver Falls, was born in Maryland, June 15, 1839 ; a son of George and Maria (Williams) Cunning, and of Irish and English descent. Kis parents settled in Independence township, this county, in 1842, where his father engaged in farming and resided nineteen years . He then removed to Lawrence county. Pa., residing there until his death. His children were John, Hugh, Mary J. (Mrs. Frank Callahan), Sarah (Mrs. James McKelvy), Daniel, Anna (deceased) and Robert. .John was reared in Independence township where he received a common-school education. In 1861 he married Martha, daughter of Andrew and Sarah McKindley, of Independence township, who settled there about 1840. By this union there are five children living: Eva E. (Mrs. Robert S. Frazier) JohnE., Charles, Mary E. and George G. Mr. Cunning located in Beaver Falls in 1868, and embarked in mercantile trade, in which he was engaged two- 636 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. years. He then engaged in the real estate husinf ss, which he has followed more or less since, with the exception of two years. He has kept a hotel and restaurant for the past twelve years, and has owned the Merchant's hotel, one of the principal hostelries of Beaver Falls, since 1882. He is a member of the Catholic church; in politics, inde- pendent. James Hajiilton Cunstingham, attorney, Beaver, is of Scotch and Irish ancestry, and was born Bee. 12, 1846, in Beaver, Beaver county, Pa. At the age of seven years he became a resident of Industry township, where much of his early youth was pas.'ed as a pupil in the common schools and in farm labor. In 1864 he enlisted in Company P, I40th Regiment P. V., and served until the close of the civil war, participating in the battles of the Wilderness, Todd's Tavern, Corbin's Bridge, Spottsylvania, Korth Ann, Cold Harbor, aud other engagements of less importance. At Cold Harbor he was wounded, captured and confined for six months in the prison at Andersonville, Ga., from which he was paroled and subsequently exchanged. Rejoining his regin tnt he participated in all the engagements from March, 1865, to the surrender of Gen. Lee at Appomatcx . On his return from the service he resumed his studies, receiving private instructions from Prof. M. L. Knight, tlien, as now, one of the leading teachers of the county, and from others; meanwhile defraying the expenses by farm labor and in teaching. April 5, 18T0, he entered the oiBce of E. P. Kuhn, of Beaver, then a rising and brilliant young lawyer, and was admitted to the bar July 31, 1872. In the fall of the same year he entered into partnership with his preceptor, and on the death of the latter, the following year, contirued the practice of his prt fession alone . Mr." Cunniug- ham, by his energy, and by methodical habits of business, soon won success and a patron- age which is yearly increasing in proportion. He has devoted himself assiduously to his profession, and avoided all such diversions as would lead him from its legitimate pursuit. May 11, 1875, Mr. Cunningham married j\Iiss Nellie I., daughter of Captain S. A. Reno, of Rochester. Their children are Charles S., Carrie May, Annie R. and James H., Jr. Drs. Olivbr and Smith Cunningham, two ■ physicians, who were cousins, came to Beaver prior to 1832, and established -themselves in the practice of their profession . Oliver had been a skiff builder in Pittsburgh prior to his advent here. Smith and his brother came from Ohio. Oliver was two or three years the earlier settler, and also the senior in age. Dr. Smith Cunningham was followed by his brothers Robert, Thomas and Nathaniel. Robert studied medicine and practiced in North Sewickley township. Thomas and Nathaniel studied law with John R. Shannon, and the former was admitted to the bar of Beaver county about 1834. Nathaniel was admitted afterward, either in Beaver or Mercer county, and subsequently studied medicine w-ith his brother Robert, and practiced for a time in this county. He removed to some place in Ohio, where he died. Drs. Oliver and Smith died in Beaver many years since. Oliver died childless, but the others, except Nathaniel, left descendants, some of whom are still in the county. Thomas was appointed by President Buchanan governor of one of the Western territories, but after a brief administi-ation he returned and resumed the practice of his profession. Thomas was a lawyer of more than ordinary ability, and Drs. Oliver, Smith and Robert were considered respectable pi actitioneis . MiLO Cdnningham, clerk, P. O. New Galilee, was born in 1850. The Cunning- hams are among the oldest families in this township. Archibald came from County Donegal, Ireland, and settled in Beaver township in 1800. He purchased 2r)0 acres of land, on wliich he lived until his death. He married Nancy King, who bore him seven children. Of these Archibald was born in 1810 and died April 10, 1887. He was reared a farmer, and at his death owned the land purchased by his father. In 1838 he was married to Isabella, daughter of Robert and Margaret (Stephenson) Russell, of Law- rence county, Pa., and by her had ten children, of whom six are living- Alvin Leander, Milo, James, Alice (Mrs. Marshall) and Lizzie (Mrs. Davidson). Milo was reared on the farm and was educated in the common schools. He was married in 1876 to Mary E., daughter of Captain Samuel and Celisia (Whan) Miller, of this county and BIOGKAPHIES WEST SIDE. 637 two sons, Herbert and Horace, were born to them. Since 1878 Mr. Cunningham has been employed as baggage clerk, by the P. P. W. & C. R. R. Co. He is a carpenter by trade. He is a member of the United Presbyterian church; politically a Republican. Samuel Cunningham was born at Squirrel Hill, Allegheny county. Pa., in the year 1784. At the age of eighteen years he came to Beaver county and settled in Chip- pewa township. He became the father of eleven children, six of whom, Mrs. Mary A. Warren, of Darlington; JamesCimningham, of Chippewa township; John Cunningham, of New Brighton; Joseph Cunnmgham, of Edinburgh, Lawrence county; William Cun- ningham, of Darlington, and Wilson Cunningham, of Beaver Falls, are yet living. He died in March, 1857, at the age of seventy-three years. Smith Curtis, P. O. Beaver, member of the firm of Curtis & Bliss, editors and publishers of the Rochester Daily Argus and Radical, was born in Sherburne, Chenango county, N. Y., Dec. 21, 1834. His parents were John and Elsie (Jones) Curtis, the former a native of New York and the latter of Connecticut. His father was a miller and a tanner, and was also engaged in the manufacture of boots and shoes. His familv consisted of ten children, of whom Smith is the fifth. He attended common school in his native county until he was sixteen years old, worked in Ihe mill and tannery and went to New York, where he clerked in a store two years ; then returned to his native county to prepare for college. He attended an academy in Franklin county one year; then entered Hamilton College, New York, where he spent three years. He then entered XTaion College, Schenectady county, N. Y., and was graduated in 1858 with honor. He was a diligent and successful student and was frequently chosen as a repre- sentative of the college in literary contests. He received a prize for an essay while in Hamilton College. After his graduation he commenced the study of theology and spent one year at the seminary at Princeton, N. J. He then entered the Union Theological Seminary at New York, from which institution he was graduated in 1861. He then went to Toledo, Ohio. In 1861 he was ordained a minister, by the Congregational Association, of Ohio, at Columbus, to be elegible to election as chaplain for the 62d Regiment Ohio Vols. From there he went to Fostoria, in the same state, where he took charge of the Presbyterian church for three years . He then resigned and opened an academy there, which he continued two years, when he was appointed chaplain of a regiment belonging to General Butler's command . The war soon closed, and he did not join his regiment. In 1862 he was elected chaplain of the 62d Pennsylvania Volunteers, but through the rascality of the colonel of the regiment he was not permitted to serve. He came to Pennsylvania in 1865 a!nd was married March 1, that year, to Isidore, daugh- ter of Capt. Richard and Elizabeth (McCurdy) Calhoun . Five children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Curtis, three of whom are now living : John Richard, DoraE. and Eliza- beth M. Mrs. Curtis is a consistent member of the Presbyterian Church. Mr. Curtis was principal of the public school of Beaver borough in 1868 and 1869. He is an active member of the Republican party, and served as secretary of the county committee from 1866 till 1872. He succeeded M . S. Quay as editor of the Beaver Radical, and continued its publication until the consolidation of the paper with the Beaver Argus in the fall of 1873. In 1879 he purchased from the Hon. James S. Rutan a half intei'est in the con- solidated papers, and has since been connected with it as publisher and editor. ScuDDER Hart Darragh, manufacturer, P. O. Beaver, was born in Bridge- water, Pa., Feb. 27, 1817, and is a son of Hon. Robert and Deborah (Hart) Darragh. His father was state senator in 1849. His mother was a granddaughter of John Hart, of New Jersey, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. She was born near Trenton, N. J., and was of German origin. His father was born in Ireland, and early in life came to America and settled at Bridgewater, Pa., that place being then called Sharon. He was one of the early hotel keepers of this county. He afterward embarked in the mercantile trade in Sharon, which was then a shipping point, and did a large and successful business. His family consisted of eight children, seven of whom grew to maturity, six of them now living, and of whom our subject is the youngest. Hart died in 1885 from injuries received in the oil works. He was then in his seventy-third year. 85 638 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. The family are remarkable for longevity. S. H. was reared in Bridgewater, and attended the common school and the Beaver academy. His first work was as a clerk in a bank in Beaver. He then went on the river and ran a keel boat and steamboat. In 1849 he moved to California and remained two years. He then returned and continued the machine and foundry business, which he had established before going to California. The books of the machine shops and foundry are kept by S. H. Darragh. The title of the business at Bridgewater is M. & S. H. Darragh. The other is at Fallston, where the firm name is M. Darragh & Co. They are extensively engaged in the manufacture of machinery for wire works, and of iron bridges. They employ fifteen men the year round. Mr. Darragh was married Aug. 33, 1865, to Catherine Weyand, daughter of Hon. Daniel Weyand, ex-state senator and attorney, of Somerset, Pa. She is of German and English descent. They have had five children; Susan D., Mary H., Robert W., Daniel W., and Herbert S. (deceased). Mrs. Darragh is a member of the Methodist church. Mr. Darragh is a member of the town council, and has been school director; has also been a bank director. In politics he is a Republican. Fred Datjbbr, butcher, Beaver, was born in Baden, Germany, March 20, 1832, and is a son of Jacob and Philipina (Faus) Dauber, natives of Germany. His father was a farmer during his entire life. His family consisted of seven children. Fred, the second, was reared in Germany and attended the common schools there. He came to this country in 1852, and first settled in Wheeling, W. Va. He then went to Ohio, where he remained three years and learned the butchering business. He came to Beaver in 1858, and has carried on that business here ever since. He was married, in 1866, to Nancy, daughter of Archie Smith, and of Scotch descent. Their children are Lewis, Minnie, Charles and Anna. Mrs. Dauber is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. In politics Mr. Dauber votes for the man and not for the party. He is energetic and industrious, and has made what he owns by his own exertions. He is the owner of real-estate in Beaver. Edward B. Daughbrty, attorney, was born in New Sewickley township, in this county, and is a son of Daniel and Elizabeth (Black) Daugherty. His mother was born in Beaver county on the farm where she now resides and where she has lived all her life. She is the daughter of John Black, and was born Jan. 15, 1805. Daniel Daugherty, father of Edward B., was born in Londonderry, Ireland, in 1790; came to America in 1796, locating in Delaware county. Pa. In 1801 he came to this county with his father, Edward, who settled on a farm in the wilderness, in New Sewickley township. He had four children, two of whom are living; Edward B. and a daughter, Mary, who is the wife of P. H. Coyle, a farmer of this county. The early life of Edward was spent on the farm with his parents and attending the common schools and Beaver Academy. He studied civil engineering and surveying at which business he worked for a time^ and also taught school. Finally choosingthe law as a profession he studied with S. B. Wil- son, was admitted to the bar in 1860, and began practice in New Brighton, where he remained until 1869, since when he has practiced in Beaver. He was married. May 5,. 1870, to Mary Cunningham, whose parents were born in Ireland. Their children are Samuel Wilson and Mary. The family are members of the Catholic church. In politics Mr. Daugherty is a Democrat. Jambs Davidson, farmer, P. O. Black Hawk, was born in Middleton town- ship, Ohio, Dec, 25, 1814. His father, James, was a native of Maryland and in early life a shoemaker, and afterward a farmer. He was one of the first settlers on Little Beaver creek, commg there the year after the state line was run. He was married to Mary Johnson, had ten children, and died in 1828, aged sixty-three. Our subject has resided within a mile and a half of his present place for over seventy-three years and remembers the time when bears, wolves and deer were numerous. He owns 150 'acres of land. He was married in 1888 to Matilda J., daughter of Benjamin Pancake. By her he had eight children, seven of whom are living : Elizabeth, Sarah, Benjamin, George, Amy Ann, Mary and James E. Mr. Davidson owns 320 acres of land in Mis- souri. In politics he is a Republican. J. J. Davidson, oil producer, Beaver, is a son of Daniel R. Davidson (deceased), / BIOGRAPHIES WEST SIDE. 639 who was born in Fayette county, Pa., Jan. 12, 1830, a son of William and Sarah (Rog- ers) Davidson, natives of Pennsylvania and of Scotch-Irish origin. The father of Daniel R., Hon. William Davidson, was born in Carlisle, Cumberland county, Feb. 14, 1783. He served as a member of the State Legislature, also as State Senator and Speaker of the House. Daniel R. was reared in Fayette county and attended the select schools. His business relations were varied and extensive. He dealt largely in coke and coal and owned valuable mines. He was an influential railroad official for many years. At the time of his death he was president of the Commercial National Bank of Pittsburgh. He was also one of the board of directors of the National Bank of Commerce at Pitts- burgh. He was the owner of two plants in coke regions, and was president of the Love Manufacturing Company of Rochester, Pa. In politics he was a Republican. He was married in Fayette county, in 1846, to Margaret C. , daughter of Alexander Johnston, and of Scotch-Irish origin. Their children are Charles, Sarah, William J., Elizabeth, George, James J., Louis and Frederick. Mr. Davidson died March 18, 1884. Amos Dawson, proprietor of Shady Lane Farm, P. O. Ohioville, is a son of Nicholas and Elizabeth (Harvy) Dawson, and was born -A.ug. 21, 1848, in the same house which he now occupies. His parents were natives of Maryland; his grandfather of Ireland, and his grandmother (one of the first settlers here) of Scotland . Amos was reared on the farm and received his education at home and at Mount Union, Ohio. Dec. 23, 1875, he was united in marriage with Marie Harker, daughter of Benjamin and Susan (Warrick) Harker, of East Liverpool, where she was born Dec. 26, 1853. Her mother was also a native of East Liverpool, Ohio . Her father was born at Tipton, Staffordshire, England, came to this country in 1837, and for a short time lived at Pitts- burgh, but "in 1839 moved to East Liverpool, Ohio, where he engaged in the pottery business, and only ceased active connection with the same in September before his death, which occurred Dec. 35, 1881. In 1840 Mr. Harker erected the Etruria Pottery, which he carried on for over forty years. In 1876 he retired from the firm of George S. Harker & Co., erected the Wedgewood Pottery under the firm name of Benjamin Harker & Sons, and manufactured the C. C. ware. He was a practical potter, having a knowledge of the ceramic art in all its intricacies and supposed secrets; was possessed of fine business ability and respected by all who knew him. To Mr. and Mrs. Dawson have been born one child, George Anna. Mrs. Dawson is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. Mr. Dawson is a Royal Arch Mason and a Knight Templar, of Alle- gheny City. He makes a specialty of horses and Shetland ponies, and has some regis- tered Jersey cattle. Benjamin Dawson, farmer, P. O. Smith's Ferry, son of Amos and Rebecca (Dawson) Dawson, was born about one mile from Smith's Ferry, July 20, 1825. Ben- jamin was reared on a farm and educated at the schools of Smith's Ferry, and is now a prosperous farmer just across the Little Beaver from that place. He was married Jan. 81, 1860, to Susan Hughs, daughter of Peter and Margaret (Laughlin) Hughs; she was born at Philadelphia June 5, 1837, and emigrated to this place when she was about twelve years old, with her mother and the other children, after her father's death. Mrs. Dawson's mother was born May 3, 1805, and died Feb . 14, 1885 . She was the daughter of John and Margaret Laughlin, who were born in 17.71 and 1773, respectively. Five children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Dawson: Jennie, Letitia, Minnie, Amos and Mary, all at home. Robert D. Dawson (deceased), one of Ohio township's prominent men and early settlers, was born at Ohioville July 30, 1801; a son of Benoni and Catharine Dawson. His father was a native of Maryland, and was one of the first settlers of Ohioville. Robert D.was married, Feb. 9, 1836, to Miss Elizabeth, daughter of Rueland Mary Ann (Debolt) Reed, who was bom Feb. 13, 1803. Ten children blessed this union: Mary Ann, Catharine, Benoni, Ruel Reed, James M., Rebecca, Benjamin, Robert D., Daniel Debolt and William McKennon. Mary Ann and Catharine live at the old homestead; Benoni and Daniel D. live in the west part of the township; Ruel R. in Kansas; Robert D. in Delaware; Rebecca died Oct. 29, 1864; James M., Benjamin and William McK. 64:0 HISTOEY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. are also dead. Mr. Dawson moved on his farm north of Ohioville in 1839, where he spent a long and useful life . His wife died Oct. 23, 1864, and he followed her to his final resting place Dec. 3, 1883. William Dbhaven, farmer, P. O. Black Hawk, was born in 1832. It was some time previous to 1774 that one William Dehaven came from Maryland (where he had recently landed in company with two brothers, sailors from England) to Beaver county, Pa., the journey being made in a sledge drawn by oxen. He was a distiller by trade. Soon after coming to Beaver county, he took up 400 acres of land, on which he erected a house and distillery, the former of which was still standing a few years since. He mar- ried Catherine Cooper, of Raccoon township, and had six children; Nathan, Abraham and William being the sons. William died in 1839, his widow surviving until 1859, when she died, aged eighty-nine years. William and Abraham jjurchased 300 acres of land, which was half of the tract occupied by their father. They afterward made additional purchases, and William, the only surviving brother, now owns 450 acres in South Beaver and Brighton townships. Abraham died in 1877, aged sixty-one. By his own efforts, Mr. Dehaven has accumulated a great deal of property. He is a member of the Episcopal church; in politics, independent. John B. Dickey, merchant, Pallston, was born in Armstrong county. Pa., Dec. 30, 1857, and is a son of S. A. and Diana (Wolf) Dickey, natives of Pennsylvania and of German and English descent. His father, who was a civil engineer employed in government works, spent many years of his hfe in Fallston; his family consisted of eight children, of whom John B. is the eldest. Our subject was reared in Beaver county, attended the common schools at Fallston and the academy at Beaver. After a seven years' clerkship in a grocery, he, in company with his brother, bought the Handle Works at Fallston, and they have since conducted them. In April, 1887, he established a general store in Fallston. Mr. Dickey was married Nov. 27, 1883, to Miss M. L., daughter of R. G. Phillips, of Beaver. She is a member of the Metho'dist church. Mr. Dickey is a Republican; a member of the I. O. O. F. William A. Dickey, postmaster at Bridgewater (name of oflice being West Bridge- water), was born in Bridgewater, Pa., July 36, 1858, and is a son of John S. and Sarah (Allison) Dickey. His father was born in Lawrence county, Pa., and his mother in Beaver county. She was a daughter of Hon. James Allison, and of Scotch-Irish descent. The father was an owner of steamboats, and spent many years on the water; he owned the steamboats "Lake Erie" and "Cleveland." He served nine years as steamboat inspector at Pittsburgh. In later life he sold out all his interest on the river, and engaged in mercantile trade in Bridgewater. He' was an active Democrat. His family consisted of eight children, of whom William A., the youngest, was reared in Bridgewater. He studied civil engineering, and was first employed on the Pittsburgh & McKeesport and Allegheny railroads, where he spent two and one-half years. He also worked at surveying in Beaver county. In 1887 he was appointed postmaster at Bridgewater. He is a member of the Junior Order of American Mechanics. Jambs Dillon, farmer, P. O. New Galilee, was born in Big Beaver township, this county, in 1818. The progenitor of the family in this country came from Ireland some time previous to the Revolutionary war. Matthew Dillon, a native of New York state, came, in 1796, from Washington county and purchased 300 acres of land in Big Beaver township. He married Mary Cooper, and by her had five sons and three daugh- ters. Matthew died at the age of eighty years, and for fifty years previous to his death he was totally bhnd. James, the second child, was born in New Jersey in 1784 and when two years of age came with his parents to Washington county. He married Catherine, daughter of Barnard Naugle, of Germany, who took part in the Revolution. Nine children were born to James and Catherine Dillon, two of whom are now living The father died in 1865, aged eighty-one, and the mother in 1863, aged seventy-eight years. James, our subject, was born and reared on the farm. He was married in 1846 to Barbara Ann, daughter of Joseph Smith, and they have had thirteen children, of whom are living Catherine (Mrs. Thompson), Joseph Smith, Price Cooper, James J M. BIOCxEAPHIES — WEST SIDE. 641 Margaret, Beulah Ann, Elizabeth (Mrs. Sechrlst), Sarah Lucinda and John Wesley . Mr. Dillon has followed farming principally, but like his father is a natural mechanic. He now owns 100 acres. He is a Republican, and has held several township offices, includ- ing that of school director. He is a member of the Methodist church. Jajies p. Dillwortii, retired, P. O. Enon Valley, Pa., was born in this county Oct. 15, 1805. Benjamin Dillworth came from Scotland to America at an early date. He was a farmer by occupation and settled in Westmoreland county. Pa. He married Mary McMinn, who bore him five sons and three daughters. Of these sons George was reared in Westmoreland county, and as early as 1796, came to Beaver county, where he purchased 400 acres of land, and remained until his death. His wife, Margaret (Kees,) of Irish descent, and who died in October, 1839, aged seventy-four, bore him eight children, of whom James was the youngest. George Dillworth died in 1840, aged seventy -five years. James P was born and reared on the farm where he has always lived. He now owns 300 acres, part of the original tract. He was married, in 1851, to Mary, daughter of Joshua and ilargaret (Hatfield) Newell, of Westmoreland county, and four children have been born to them: Maggie K., born July 5, 1853; George H., born April 5, 1855; WUbert J., born January 33, 1857; Mary Eunice (deceased), born June 30, 1861. Mr. Dillworth has retired from active business, and the work of the farm Is successfully carried on by his sons. He has been a member of the Presbyterian church for many years; politically he is a Republican. John A. Dodds, miller, P. O. New Galilee, was born in Allegheny county in 1831. Among the most prominent flouring mills in Beaver county Is the "Upper Ten," owned by John A. Dodds. This mill is a frame structure, three stories high, 35 by 40 feet, with basement, and contains the latest and most Improved machinery for the manufacture of flour, feed, etc. An engine of flfty-horse power is used, and ten sets of rolls. John Dodds, grandfather of John A., was born in County Monaghan, Ireland, in 1779, and was reared a farmer. At the age of twenty-two he was ordained an elder In the Secession church for the purpose of holding him In the Secession church. Shortly after, however, he united with the Reformed Presbyterian church. In 1803 he was married to Elizabeth McKee. He had ten children, of whom Robert was the oldest. John came to America in 1820, landing at St. John, New Brunswick. He went to Philadelphia, and thence to Freeport, Pa. , and thence to Middlesex, Butler county. Pa. , where he died in 1853 at the age of seventy-four. Robert, father of John A. , was for thirty years a merchant, and later In life a farmer. He was born in 1804, and Is still living In Allegheny coun- ty. He married Lettle Rowen, and had twelve children. John A. received a liberal education and learned the blacksmith trade, which he followed six years, subsequently engaging In mercantile business for ten years. In 1864 he enlisted in Company D, Sixth P. H. A., and served until the close of the war. In 1867 he began milling m Butler county. In 1875 he purchased a one-half interest In his present mill, and In 1877 bought out the other half. Mr. Dodds was married, In 1853, to Margaret, daughter of Maj. John Fife, of Allegheny county, and by her has had eleven children, ten of whom are living: Elzina Irene (Mrs. Dr. Balph), now a missionary in Asia Minor; R. M. J., an engineer; Lettle B. (Mrs. Quaj'); Miss Willia A. S., also a missionary in Asia Minor; Margaret B., a teacher; R. T. F., a miller with his father; Mary, a music teacher; Z. Z., a student at Geneva College; Lizzie B. and Ethan Ira. Mr. Dodds Is a ruling elder in the Reformed Presbyterian church. In politics he is a Prohibitionist. Hbnrt Donaldson, manufacturer of kegs. New Galilee, was born In New York City in 1816, and is a son of Frederick and Mary (Hyatt) Donaldson. Frederick was also a keg manufacturer in New York City. He had nine children. Henry received a common-school education, and early engaged in manufacturing kegs in New York City. In 1863 he came to New Galilee, where he has since resided. He has been twice mar- ried; first, in 1836, to Mary Ann Bayles, and second, in 1837, to Ann Proctor. By the lat- ter wife he has had five children; Henry M., Edwin M. , William M. , Jane A. and Emma F. Mr. Donaldson gives employment to about ten hands, and turns out about one thousand kegs per week. They are meetly sold to the paint works at Pittsburgh. An 642 HISTOET OF BEAVETt COUNTY. engine of six-horse power and the latest and most improved machinery are used. Mr. Donaldson is a member of the Presbyterian church; politically a Republican. CaptAlIN Daniel M. Donbhoo, postmaster at Beaver, was born in Washington county, Pa., March 30, 1825. , His parents were John and Isabella (McElheny) Done- hoo, natives of Pennsylvania and of Scotch-Irish descent. His paternal and maternal ancestors were among the early settlers of Pennsylvania. His grandparents arrived at Fort Pitt, in 1801, and soon afterward moved to Washington county. His father was first a farmer, then during the last thirtj' years of his life a school teacher. His family consisted of ten children, of whom Daniel M. is the third. He grew up in Allegheny county, and early in life learned the trade of a millwright, and engaged in building mills. He followed that business until 1862, when he resolved to enlist in the army. He look an active part in raising the 17th Cavalry, and on the organization of the regiment was elected colonel, but the order was to commission regular soldiers only as colonels of cavalry, so he accepted the rank of captain. He was soon afterward injured while try- ing to capture a deserter, and resigned and returned home. He had two brothers in the army: Henry M., now a hotel keeper at New Brighton, and Frank M., who died in the army. In 1864 Captain Donehoo engaged in the oil producing business, which he con- tinued until 1866. He was engaged in the construction of railroads for four years. He is a Master Mason, and has always been an active Democrat. He was appointed post- master in 1887. He was the Democratic candidate for the state senate in 1862, and was defeated although he ran largely ahead of his ticket. He was census marshal in Beaver county in 1860, and again in 1880. He has been many times a representative in Demo- cratic state conventions, and once in the national convention. He has been twice mar- ried; first in 1848, and had two children by this marriage: Clara J., wife of Prof. Briggs, of Pittsburgh; and, Gertrude, wife of John King, superintendent of the New Brighton waterworks. The children by his second marraige are Cora B., W. Edwin, Lulu A. (wife of Eugene H. Rider, railroad ticketagent at Wheeling, W. Va.), Claire, Sarah M., Effie and Miriam. Thomas Donovan, farmer, P. O. Black Hawk, was born in South Beaver town- ship, in 1840. His parents, Cornelius and Mary (Hindman) Donovan, had twelve chil- dren, five of whom are now living, Thomas D. being the seventh child. Cornelius was a farmer and settled on the farm now owned by Thomas and Samuel H . Donovan in 1829, the farm then containing 189 acres. Cornelius died in 1874, aged sixty-eight years. Thomas, grandfather, of our subject, came from Ireland and settled in West Virginia. He had eleven children, of whom Cornelius was the second son . Thomas, our subject, received a good education, and chose agricultural pursuits as an occupation. He was married, in 1867, to Anna E., daughter of John and Sarah (McGormick) Wylie, and they have had four children, only one of whom, Laura M., is now living. Mrs. Donovan died in 1873, aged twenty-seven years. Mr. Donovan now owns ninety-four acres of land purchased by his grandfather, nearly all of which is under cultivation. He IS a member of the United Presbyterian church at Four Mile ; politically a Repub- lican. He enlisted in 1863, and served three months in Company I, 56th Pennsylvania Regiment. In 1864 he re-enlisted in Company H, 5th P. H. A., and served until the close of the war. James I. Douds, farmer and stock grower, thresher and sawyer, P. O. Beaver, was born in this county July 19, 1836. His parents, B. D. and Mary (Irons) Douds, were also natives of this country, and of German and Irish descent. His father and grandfather were farmers ; his great grandfather was a soldier in the Revolutionary war, and was killed in battle. The grandfather was in the war of 1813. He spent his life as a farmer. The father of our subject had five children, of whom four are now liv- ing. The second son was killed in the war of the Union at the battle of Spottsylvania. James was reared on the farm until he was twenty-four years old, attending the common school. He is the owner of eighty-five acres of land where he now resides in Brighton township, and forty in Hopewell township. He was married, in 1863, to Ehza, daughter of Archibald McCoy, and they have five children: Rosanna, wife of BIOGRAPHIES — WEST SIDE. 643 George Barckley; Ada M., wife of John Gillespie; Mary A., Archibald D., and John "W. The family are members of the United Presbyterian church. He is a Republican in politics, and is serving his third year as county auditor. He has been school director for ten years, has also served as supervisor, and has held all the other township offices. Joseph Douthitt was born in 1764. When quite a young man he married Miss Mary LoutzenhisQr, by whom he had thirteen children: Thomas, Peter, Barbara, Danie., Robert, Jonathan, Joseph, Duncan, Henry, Anthony, Eliza, Mary H. and John, the last two of whom, as also Robert, are still living. Robert, the father of S. N. Douthitt, one of the proprietors of the Beaver Palls Plaining Mill, is eighty-six years old. Joseph Douthitt, Sr., removed from Carlisle, Pa., in 1796, and settled in Beaver county, thus becoming one of its early pioneers. He died nearly forty-one years ago. Joseph Douthitt, farmer, P. O. Darlington, was born in Darlington township, this county, in 1841. This family were among the earliest who settled in Beaver county. Jonathan Douthitt was born in tliis county, and married Sarah, daughter of James Can- non, of Lawrence county, Pa. They had ten children, of whom Joseph is the second son. Jonathan was a farmer. Joseph received his education at the common schools in the county, and since early childhood has worked on a farm. In 1873 he purchased his present farm of 130 acres, which is beautifully situated, and of rich soil. He was married, in 1863, to Mary L. , daughter of John ind Mary (Black) McClure, of Washing ton county, who came to Darlington township and lived there the remainder of their lives. Mr. and Mrs. Douthitt have one son, Harry E., at home. The grandfather, Joseph, a farmer, came from the East to this county at an early period. Our subject is a member of the Presbyterian church ; in politics a Democrat. Shipmas N. Douthitt, manufacturer, Beaver Falls, was born in Big Beaver town- ship May 8, 1885, and is a son of Robert and Phebe (Newkirk) Douthitt. His paternal grandfather was Joseph Douthitt, of Carlisle, Pa., who settled in Chippewa township in 1796. His children were Thomas, Barbara (Mrs. Henry Veon), Peter, Robert, Daniel, Eliza (Mrs. Samuel Conn), Duncan, Jonathan, Henry, Anthony, Mary (Mrs. Francis Gilkey), and John. His maternal grandfather was Henry Newkirk, a pioneer of Big Beaver township. Robert Douthitt was born in Chippewa township, where he resided for many years. He was a blacksmith ; also carried on a farm and kept tavern in Chip- pewa township. He retired when the Fort Wayne railroad was built, and since 1885 has been a resident of Mercer county. He reared a family of five children: Anthony W., Mary E. (deceased), Shipman N., Robert J. and Rebecca A. (Mrs. T. B. Satter- field). Shipman N. was reared in Chippewa township. He enlisted in August, 1861, in Company D, 100th P. V. I., and was at the battles of James Island, second Bull Run, South Mountain, Autietam, Fredericksburg, Fall of Vicksburg, and through the Wilder- ness campaign to Petersburg. He was promoted first sergeant, and honorably dis- charged in September, 1864. He then engaged in farming in Chippewa township until 1870, when he located in Beaver Falls, and for nine months was engaged in the grocery business. In 1872 he embarked in the lumber business in Michigan and Beaver Falls, in which he is still engaged , and is a member of the Beaver Falls Planing 31111 Compg,ny , with which he has been identified for twelve years. Mr. Douthitt was married, in 1864, to Sarah C, daughter of Major W. H. and Tabitha (Bowles) Powers, of Big Beaver township, by whom he had one daughter, Carrie (now Mrs. William Raymer). Mr. Douthitt is a member of the I. O. O. F., A. O. U. W., G. A. R and U. V. L. Politically, he is a Democrat Amos Doutt, lime burner, Vanport, was born in Northumberland county. Pa., July 7, 1817. His parents, John and Catherine (Good) Doutt, were of English and German descent, the former a farmer and tanner. Amos, the third in a family of seven children, was reared in Harmony township, Butler county, receiving his education in the common schools. His father being a man of limited means, Amos was obliged to begin work early in life. He has followed the business of lime burning for many years. He was married, Nov. 9, 1847, to Sarah McNaughton, of Irish descent, and they have four chil- dren: Irvin W., Henry A., Agnes (wife of Joseph Courtney), and Katie. Mr. and Mrs. 644 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. Doutt are members of the Presbyterian cburcb. In politics he is a Democrat, and has been school director, supervisor and assessor, and has filled nearly all the offices within the gift of the township. John F. Dbavo, member of the legislature from Beaver county, was born in "West Newton, Westmoreland county. Pa., Oct. 29, 1819. His parents were Michael and Mary (Fleming) Dravo, natives of Pennsylvania and of French and Irish origin, former a coal merchant at McKeesport, Pa. They had ten children, of whom John F. is the eldest. He was reared in Allegheny county, attending schools in his native town and the high school in Pittsburgh. He also attended Allegheny College, at Meadville, Pa. He learned the coal business in his father's office, and embarked in trade for himself about 1845, with a partner. He carried on the business in Pittsburgh until 1880, and met with marked success. In 1864 he bought a handsome place on the banks of the Ohio in the borough of Beaver, and has ever since been identified with the advancement of the borough. He still retains large business interests in Pittsburgh. From 1868 to 1883 he was interested in an extensive stock company, which dealt largely in coke, and in which he was the principal stockholder. His charities are extensive. Those who know him best say he has given away more than he has lost and more than he now owns. He retired from business in 1883. He has held many positions in business and official circles, and was a delegate to the convention that nominated Abraham Lincoln to the presidency in 1860. He was formerly a Whig, and has been an active member of the Republican party since its formation; has stumped Western Pennsylvania for all presi- dential candidates of his party from Fremont to Blaine, and is a very forcible speaker. In 1887 he had the honor of nominating Hon. M. S. Quay for the United States senate. He is a strong advocate of temperance, and introduced the constitutional prohibitory amendment, which passed the legislature of 1887. He was appointed surveyor of the port of Pittsburgh by President Garfield, May 23, 1881. He served several years as president of the Pittsburgh chamber of commerce, and was one of the charter members; served four years as director and vice-president of the Pennsylvania Reformed School; is a director of the Tradesmen's National Bank of Pittsburgh, and served as general manager of the Pittsburgh Gas, Coal and Coke Company. In educational matters he has also taken a deep interest. He is a trustee of the Allegheny College, and presi- dent of the board of trustees of Beaver College and Musioal Institute, to which latter institution he gave at one time $15,000 and at another $5,000. Mr. Dravo was married, Nov. 23, 1843, to Eliza J., daughter of Robert and Margaret Clark, and they have had nine children, five of whom are now living: Margaret, widow of Robert Wilson; Josephine, wife of J. H. McCreery; John S., a merchant in Pittsburgh, in company with his sister, Mrs. Wilson; Lida and Ettie, at home. The family are all members of the Methodist church. Mr. Dravo has been a member of the church since he was eighteen years old. He has been a local preacher for many years, and has been Sabbath-school superintendent. John C. Duff, farmer, P. O. Darlington, was born in Little Beaver township in 1828. His ancestors came from Westmoreland county. Pa. James, his father, mar- ried Mary Kennedy, by whom five sons and three daughters were born, John C. being the fourth child. The father, James Duff, was a blacksmith by trade, and after- ward a farmer; he died at the age of seventy-five years. John C. was born and reared on the farm and received a common school education. He engaged in mercantile busi- ness early in life, and followed it for twenty-three years. At one time he had three stores, one each at Darlington, East Palestine and Beaver Falls. Mr. Duff was married, in 1849, to Marie, daughter of Samuel Caughey, of this county. By her he bad two sons and two daughters: Agnew Alexander, Samuel Addison, Nancy Jane, and Emma A. (deceased). Mr. Duff has, since his retirement from mercantile pursuits, been act- ively engaged in various business enterprises. For three years he gave his attention to oil drilling. He afterward purchased a 125-acre tract of land, and now owns some 200 acres, nearly all under cultivation, underlaid with rich veins of coal and iron ore, and containing a superior quality of clay. Mr. Duff has been among the most active spirits BIOGEAPHIES — WEST SIDE. 645 in his section of Beaver county, having taken a prominent financial part in erecting the United Presbyterian church edifice, of wliicli the people of Darlington can well feel proud. He is a Republican. Samuel C. Duff, farmer, P. 0. East Palestine, Ohio, a descendant of one of the oldest families in this county, was born in 1822. He was married, April 28, 1874. to Emma C, daughter of Robert Wilson, of Jtuskingum county, Ohio, who bore him three children : William James, Mary Jane and Esther Anna Olive, all of whom are living. His father, William Duff, was born in Westmoreland county, came to Beaver county in 1798, and lived with his father, Oliver, who owned a 408-acre farm in Dar- lington township, until he purchased a farm of 117 acres of his own . William married Esther Caughey, who bore him six children, of whom Samuel C, the only son, is the third. Our subject was given a common-school education, and has, since leaving school, been a farmer, possessing 200 acres of land. He belongs to the United Presby- terian church; politically he is a Republican. Mr. Duff has two sisters older than him- self: Sarah Ann, now Mrs. Wallace, and Eleanor C, now Mrs. A. McNair; and three younger — Mary, E J. and Esther P., the latter of whom resides in Woodson county, Kan., the wife of J. P. Bayless, and has five children, one son and four daughters. Thomas Dxinlap, eldest son of John Dunlap, was born in a tavern in Lancaster county. Pa. In early life he immigrated to McKeesport, Pa., where he married, Feb. 20, 1794, Miss E. Fowler. Early in March, 1796, he movtd to Chippewa township, Beaver county, where he located on the farm at present owned by his descendants. He served in Wayne's war with the Indians, and received for his services 160 acres of land. He commanded in the blockhouses of Logstown, Raccoon, Georgetown and New Brighton, under Capt. James Sample, at each of which places he had to appear weekly for eighteen months. He was the father of nine children: John, Robert, James, Xancy, Thomas, Eliza, Joseph, David and Cynthia. He died Feb. 7, 1839, aged seven- ty-five years, eight months and twenty-six days. William Dunlap, farmer, P. O. Black Hawk, was born in South Beaver town- ship in 1830. He was educated in the common schools, and later was a student in the Curry Institute at Pittsburgh, during which time he was also engaged in teaching. In 1855 he married Matilda J., daughter of Robert Kennedy, of Allegheny county. She bore him two children, of whom one is living: Annie M. (now Mrs. Groetzin- ger). Aug. 5, 1862, Mr. Dunlap enlisted in Company F, 139th Regiment, and served un- til the close of the war. He was engaged in many battles, including Bull Run, Antie- tam, Fredericksburg, the Wilderness, Spottsylvania and Petersburg, "and was several times wounded. He was severely wounded at Cedar Creek, Oct. 19, 1864, being first sergeant of Company F at the time. After the war he returned to Allegheny county, and in 1881 came to South Beaver township, where he purchased eighty acres of land. He now owns 180 acres, the management of which he superintends, having been in ill health since the war. He is a member of and an elder in the Presbyterian church, hav- ing joined the church during l}xe war. Politically he is a Republican. John R. Eakin is a manufacturer of ranges and stoves at Rochester, Pa. He was born in Beaver borough July 20, 1829, and is a son of James and Mary (Quaill) Eakin, the former born in Ireland and the latter in Washington county. Pa., of Scotch-Irish descent. The father came to Beaver in 1822. He was a teacher in early life, having taught school in the old Academy at Beaver, also in Allegheny county, and was after- ward a merchant. He died in 1847. He was justice of the peace and burgess of Beaver borough. The family consisted of seven daughters and two sons. John R., the eldest son, was reared in Beaver. He went on the Ohio river, first as clerk on a steam- "boat and subsequently as captain. He followed the river for twelve years; then clerked in the ofiice of the county commissioner of this county; was also deputy county treas- urer for one term ; then engaged in the manufacture of glass at Beaver Falls for five years. In 1875 he was elected county treasurer, and served one term. In 1879 he embarked in his present business at Rochester, Pa. He has full charge, being secretary, treasurer and general manager. From twenty-five to thirty hands are employed. The 64:6 HISTORY OF BEAVEE OOtJNTY. success of the business is largely due to the personal efforts of Mr. Bakin. The union of Mr. and Mrs. Eakin has been blessed with the following named children: Anna, wife of J. Eankin; Martin, district attorney of Beaver county; Emma and Joseph M. Mrs. Eakin is a member of the Presbyterian church. Mr. Eakin is a F. & A. M. ; politically a Republican. Nathan Eakin, farmer, P. O. Enon Valley, was born in 1831, in Columbiana county, Ohio. His father, William, was a native of Ireland, and came to America when but nine years of age. He married Miss Mary Patton, who bore him eight children, of whom Nathan is the youngest son. His grandfather (also a native of Erin) and father were both farmers. Nathan received a common-school education and learned chair making, which he followed for three years. In 1851 he married Elizabeth Edgar, daughter of Samuel and Elizabeth Edgar, to whom were born ten children, of whom eight are living: Mary E. (now Mrs. McAllister), Samuel Edgar, "William Patton, Ellen Jane (now Mrs. Newell), Maggie L., Phoebe M., John Christie and Sarah Mirilda. Mr. Eakin came to Beaver county in 1843 and settled in Darlington, where he remained in the chair making business one year; then was engaged in mercantile business nine years; and after that settled upon his 200-acre farm, where he has since remained. He has been school director and supervisor, and has identified himself with the Republican party. He is a member of the United Presbyterian church of Darlington. RicHEY Eakin (deceased), one of the honored and respected citizens of Brighton township, was born in Allegheny county. Pa., Jan. 22, 1809, son of David and Margaret (Gray) Eakin, who were of Irish descent. His father and grandfather James Eakin were farmers, : the latter a man of great force of character. David Eakin moved to Brighton township in 1814. Here Richey was reared attending school in the old log school- house. He was married, in 1833, to Louisa Anderson, born in 1813, daughter of John Anderson, a farmer, and they had twelve children: John, a farmer; David, a teacher; James, William and Joseph, farmers; the rest being deceased. Few men were more highly respected or more missed than Mr. Richey Eakin, who departed this life in 1869. He was a successful farmer, and at the time of his death was the owner of 350 acres of good land; in politics he was a Republican. John A. Eakin, farmer and stock raiser, P. O. Beaver, was born in Brighton township, this county, July 3, 1834, and is a son of Richey and Louisa (Anderson) Eakin. The parents were natives of Pennsylvania and of Irish descent, the father a farmer. They had fourteen children, John A. being the eldest. He was reared on the farm and attended the common schools. He is the owner of a well improved farm, where he now resides, in Brighton township. -He has been twice married; first, in 1861, to Miss Delila Richardson, who died in 1881. This union was blessed with eight chil- dren, five of them now living. His present wife is Henrietta, a native of Ireland, daughter of William Noonhan. By her he has two children. Mr. Eakin is a Repub- lican. Gilbert L. Eberhart. The ancestors of Mr. Eberhart emigrated from Germany in 1754 and settled in Eastern Pennsylvania, Adam Eberhart, his great grandfather, finally locating in Washington county, in the same state. His son John, born in the latter county May 9, 1761, died Nov. 10, 1831. He had two sons, Andrew and John,,the latter of whom was born in Beaver county, where his father was engaged in farming, on the 28th of June 1792, and died Jan. 19, 1858. Much of his life was spent in the above county, either as a cabinet maker or a prosperous merchant. He married Sarah, daughter of Gen. Samuel Power, and had five children: Wilford A. P., Albert Galla- tin, Emeline E., Eleanor M, and Gilbert Leander. The last named, and youngest of these children, was born in North Sewickley township, Beaver county, Jan. 15, 1830, and with a brief interval has spent his life in the county of his birth. His education was received at the Mercer Academy and Washington College, in Washington county. Pa. He then engaged in civil engineering and teaching until the outbreak of the rebellion, when in April, 1861, he entered the army, and was later made Quartermaster of the 8th Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, serving in 1862 on the staff of Gen. BIOGRAPHIES "WEST SIDE. 647 George G. Meade. After active service in the field, he received his discharge in May, 1864. In September he was appointed hy Gen. Saxton, superintendent of education for the state of Georgia in connection witli the Preedmau's Bureau. He was admitted to the bar of Beaver county in 1870, and has since that time continued in active practice. Mr. Eberhart was, in 1852, married to Maria, daugliter of Dr. Peter Smith, of San Franciso, and latterly of London, England. Their only surviving child is a daughter, Georgiana, wife of Dr. H. S. McOonnel, of New Brighton. Mr. Eberhart, as a Republican has been an influential factor in local politics. He was superintendent of schools for Mercer county in the years 1856-.57 ; member of the State House of representatives for 1877-78, and has twice been elected mayor of New Brighton. He is an Episcopalian in his religious belief, and a member of the church of that denomination in New Brighton. John Ebnek, general merchant, Beaver Palls, was born in Bavaria, Germany, Peb. 19, 1826, and is a son of Peter and Margaret Ebner. He was educated in Bavaria and served an apprenticeship of eight years at the printer's trade. He came to America in 1854, locating in Pittsburgh, where he worked four years as a printer. He then en- gaged in butchering, which he followed for twenty years, and was also in the grocery business in Braddock three years. In 1868 he came to Beaver Palls, and carried on butchering four years. He then opened a coal bank in Pulaski township, and carried his coal across Big Beaver Creek to Beaver Falls by cable. Four years later he went to Braddock and conducted a general store eight years. In 1887 he returned to Beaver Falls and embarked in his present business. ' He married Magdalena Carl, by whom he has four children: Joseph L., Mary, Louisa and Katie. Mr. Ebner was one of the founders of the German Catholic church of Beaver Palls. Politically he isindependent. Elihtj Eckler, owner and builder of flatboats, Vanport, was born in Moon township, this county, March 6, 1833, a son of John and Nancy (Weigle) Eckler. His mother was born in Moon township, Beaver county. His father was born in Lan- caster, Pa., east of the mountains. He was a blacksmith. Elihu, the fourth in a fam- ily of seven children, was reared in Moon township and attended the common schools. The early part of his life was spent on the farm, and when fifteen years old he went on the Ohio river as cook on a steamboat; then he served as second mate and mate on a pas- senger boat for several years. He is now a dealer in boats. He was married, in 1863, to Sophia E., the fifth of nine children born to Joseph and Margaret (Small) Conrad. Her father was a steamboat pilot and captain, and in later life a merchant in Beaver, and one of the first settlers of Vanport. He was a large landholder in the town and sur- rounding country. Mrs. Eckler is of German extraction, and has spent just fifty years in this place. Their children are— Frank L., a printer in Knowles & Co.'s decorating shop. East Liverpool, Ohio; Alfred S., a river pilot on coal packets running from Pitts- bourgh to Louisville; Maggie S., James S. Mr. and Mrs. Eckler and two eldest boys are members of the Presbyterian church at Beaver. He has been school director for fifteen years, and is a Republican; as are also Frank L. and Alfred S. Pbkky Ecofp, clerk, Bridgewater, was born Aug. 25, 1867, and is a son of Sam- uel and Margaret (Arbuckle) Ecoff. The father, Samuel Ecoff (now deceased), was born in Maryland, June 13, 1813, but spent most of his life in Bridgewater. He learned the carpenter's trade, and made that the main business of his life. He built many hand- some structures, which are still standing, in Beaver county and elsewhere. His reputa- tion for honest work was well known, and secured for him all the contracts he cared to undertake. In later life he dealt largely in real estate in Bridgewater. He was a pro- gressive man. In the spring of 1849 he went to California to seek his fortune in the gold mines, and worked there for more than four years, when he returned to his family at Bridgewater and spent the remaining portion of his life here. He was in the grist and saw mill business in Bridgewater in company with Mr. Darragh for a time, and was engaged in various enterprizes, usually with marked success. He was a Whig and a Republican, and was a member of the council of Bridgewater; also tax collector. He was an active member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and for many years trustee. He was three times married; first to Miss Martha Small, and the second time to Margaret Arbuckle, both of whom are buried in Beaver cemetery; and third to Margaret May. 648 HISTORY OF BEAVER COUNTY. W. J. EisENBHOWN, harness-maker, Beaver Falls, was born in New Sewicklej township, this county, July 28, 1864. His parents, Daniel and Barbara (Bown) Eisen- brown, natives of Germany, settled in New Sewickley township about 1855, where they now reside. W. J. was reared in his native township, and learned his trade in Free- dom. He embarked in business for himself in Beaver Falls in 1884, and gives employ- ment to three hands. He has the only store of the kind in the place, and has a thriv- ing, constantly increasing trade. He is a member of the Lutheran church; politically he is independent. John S. Elder (deceased) was a native of this county, born in 1837. His father, William Elder, came from the " Emerald Isle" in 1835, and soon after located in Beaver county, where he followed milling for a brief period . Subsequently he purchased 150 acres of land and engaged in farming. At his death he owned 6t0 acres of as good land as could be found in South Beaver township. He married Sarah Stewart, who bore him four children. He died in 1862, aged sixt}r-two years; his widow is still liv- ing at the age of eighty-three . John S . was the oldest son . He was a youth of un- usual ability and was educated for the ministry, graduating from Westminster College with first honors. On account of ill health he was obliged to give up his studies, and engaged in farming. In 1864 he married Sarah E., daughter of James and Mary (Mc- Kenzie) Stewart, the former a prominent merchant of Wellsville, Ohio. They had four children: William S. (deceased), James, Robert Boyd and William Carle. Mrs. Elder is a graduate of Washington Seminary (1860), and a member of the Seceder's church. Mr. Elder died in 1886. Matthew Elder (deceased), whose portrait appears elsewhere in this volume, was born in, the parish of Finvoy, County Antrim, Ireland, in January, 1788. In 1813 he came to America, and after working as a weaver in a woolen mill at Wilmington, Del. , went to Columbiana county, Ohio. On the 15th of September, 1815, he was married, at New Lisbon, to Mary, daughter of Thomas Frederick. The latter was carried off by Indians from Eastern Pennsylvania in childhood, and remained with them until he had nearly lost all knowledge of the language and customs of the whites. On his return to his home he had some diiBculty in establishing his identity, and was only recognized by a scar on the back of his neck, which was familiar to his mother. At the time of his marriage Mr. Elder was operating a woolen mill in New Lisbon, and so continued un- til the mill was destroyed by fire in 1830. The next year he built a factory on Little Beaver Creek, in Darlington township, two miles below Cannelton; and while the fac- tory was being built he ran a set of cards in the mill half a mile above the factory. This was in what was then called Little Beaver township. At that time they had to go to what is now called Old Enon to vote, and the nearest postofBce, Greersburg, was five miles away. The name of the town was changed to Darlington on account of letters addressed to Greersburg going to Greensburg. Then the township was divided and called Darlington, and what was left of Little Beaver township went into Lawrence county when that was formed . Mr. Elder did an extensive business and bought nearly all the wool grown in Beaver, Lawrence and Washington counties. Pa and Columbi- ana county, Ohio. He possessed a considerable tract of land about the mill at one time Between the years 1830 and 1840 he owned, remodeled and enlarged the grist mill and oil mill and bought wheat and flaxseed, which was a great advantage to the farmers at that time Between the years 1841 and 1843 he dug a tail race three-quarters of a mile long, walled the same with stone on both sides. It was to gain a fall so that he could remodel and put in an overshot wheel; the cost of this was $10 000 or over In 1844 he built a large brick store and dwelling, and in 1845 opened a store of general mer- chandise, which had the most extensive line of custom of any store in the country He was a great admirer of fine horses, a passion which is characteristic of his descendants His grandsons are now engaged in breeding Clydesdale and coach horses, and also fine cattle and swine In 1851 Mr. Elder again suffered from the fire-fiend, his mill being swept away He at once rebuilt and continued to operate it until his death, which oc- curred in 1863. His faithful helpmate also passed away during the same year Mrs BIOGEAPHIES WKST SIDE. 649 Elder was born Aug. 35, 1797. Mr. Elder was universally regarded as a very useful citizen. He attended strictly to his own business which was beneficial to the commu- nity, and gave little attention to public affairs, his only service in that line having been to serve as judge or inspector of election in the township, which he could not avoid; he served as a director of the old United States Bank of Beaver county in New Brighton, before the administration of Andrew Jackson. He adhered, as do his descendants, to the Presbyterian faith, Associate branch, and voted with the "Whig party and its Repub- lican successor. He was noted for his benevolence and hospitality, and was a benefac- tor to the poor and laboring. None ever sought work but got it if possible; if not and had not the means to travel further, he was provided with means. Neither man or beast ever went hungry away . In the busy season the table was rarely uncovered from noon until night, and more meals were served and horses fed than at a large majority of the hotels. He gave a home in his family to an old man named John McConnell-, a distant relative from the same part of Ireland that Mr. Elder came from, and fed and clothed him for thirty years, and buried him. He also gave a home to a boy named Joseph Green, whom the poor board brought to him; he was of weak intellect, but Mr. Elder kept him also until his death, which occurred a few years before his own. Of his twelve children eight reached maturity. The eldest, John E., now resides in Pulaski county, Mo.; Margaret Ann, widow of John Taggart, resides in Palestine, Ohio; Thomas F ., [see sketch below] ; Matilda, widow of "William Sterling, resides in Leetonia, Ohio; Mary Jane was the wife of Daniel H. Wallace, and died at her home in New Castle, Pa. ; Elizabeth Catharine, wife of "Walter D. Sprout, died in Darlington township; Hannah died unmarried; Rebecca, widow of Calvin F. Cham- berlin, resides at Palestine; Mary, Matthew and Henry (twins) all died in childhood, as did also a son named Matthew Henry. Thomas F. Elder, farmer, P. O. Cannelton, is the third child of Matthew Elder, whose biography and portrait appear in this work, and was born in New Lisbon, Ohio, July 27, 1830. He assisted his father in the woolen mill, and finished his education in Grreersburg Academy, in Darlington. For three years he kept a store in that borough, and was connected with the operation of the mill until the sale of the latter after his father's death. In 1857 he purchased his present farm of 159 acres, in South Beaver, about a mile from the site of the mill. The latter was destroyed by tire after passing into the hands of a stock company. Mr. Elder has a fine brick residence and an excel- lent farm, which is underlaid with coal. In 1844 he married Euphemia L. Scroggs, daughter of Rev. E. M. and Margaret Scroggs, of Columbiana county, Ohio. She was the mother of one child, Margaret Elzarune, who died when about eight months old of brain disease, its mother died six months later. His second wife is Mary A., daughter of Richard and Jemima (Pierce) Parrett. Mrs. Elder was born in Pittsburgh in 1828, and her parents were natives of Ireland and Philadelphia, respectively. In her youth she was engaged in teaching, as is her daughter now. Like his father, Mr. Elder adhered to the Republican party in politics and has served as town supervisor, judge and inspector of elections, and has also been solicited to run for county offices, but declined. The family is connected with the Associate Presbyterian church, and includes three sons and one daughter: Harry Clifford and Matthew Richard, at home, extensively engaged in breeding fine horses and other stock; Thomas Frank, in Atchison, Kan., and Nettie Euphemia, with her parents . S. R. Elder, farmer, P O. Darlington, was born in 1841, the youngest son of "William Elder, who came from Ireland in 1834, and located in Beaver county. He (the father of our subject) was married in 1837 to Sarah, daughter of John and Martha Stewart, and by her had four children — three sons, J. 8. , Robert B. and S. R. Elder, and one daughter, Mattie J. Elder (Creighton). About 1838 he, in connection with his brother Matthew, built quite a large flouring mill on Little Beaver creek, intending to grind and ship flour east, some lots going as far east as Philadelphia. Not proving a successfnl enterprise he sold his interest and located on a farm in South Beaver town- ship. At his death, which occurred in 1862, he owned some 600 acres. The subject of 650 HISTORY OF BEAVFE COirNTY, this sketch was born and reared in South Beaver township, and received an academical education . At the age of twenty he was left in charge of his father's farm of 600 acres, of which he now owns 200 acres . He is the only living male member of his father's family. A brother enlisted in 1861, in Company D, 100th Regiment, the famous " Round Head," and died at Beaufort, S. C, in February, 1862, of coast fever. Mr. Elder was married, in 1863, to Mary, daughter of James and Jane (McCreery) Cook, by whom he has three children: Jennie K., William B. and James F. S. Mr. Elder resides on the 200-acre farm which was formerly the property of Andrew Johnson . He is a member of the Seceder's church, and politically a Republican . James L. Elliott, farmer, P. O. Darlington, was born in Butler county, in 1855. Dr. F. Elliott, nowa practicing physician of Ohio township, and a resident of Beaver county for sixty years, married Catherine Flick, who became the mother of seven chil- dren, two of whom are deceased, James Jj. being the eldest son living. He was reared to farming, an occupation he has followed principally through life, and received a good common-school education. He was married, in 1878, to Annie E., daughter of George and Permelia (McMillin) Wilson, of this county, and they have three children: George C, Florence Gertrude and Raymond Carlton. Mr. and Mrs. Elliott are members of the Presbyterian church. Mr. Elliott is a Democrat. Jambs S. Elliott, physician, Beaver Falls, was born in Trumbull county, Ohio, in 1823, and is a son of William and Margaret (Patterson) Elliott, who settled in Moon township in 1826. They had ten children: Jane (Mrs. Robert Keenan), Nancy (Mrs. William Davidson), Arabella (Mrs. John A. Braden), Ellen (Mrs. James Braden), John M., William P., Susan, Rachel (Mrs. James Johnson), James S. and Thomas. James S. was reared in Moon township, and educated in the schools of Beaver. He began the study of medicine in 1847 with Dr. Cunningham, entered Starling Medical College, Columbus, Ohio, in 1848, and was graduated in 1851. Prom 1852 until 1869 he practiced in Moon township, after which he located in Beaver Falls. His eldest son, Washington F. , began the study of medicine in 1883, entered Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, in 1885, and was graduated in 1887. He is now associated with his father. Dr. Elliott was twice married, his; first wife being Maria, daughter of David and Mary (Wither- spoon) Ramsey, of Lawrence county. Pa., by whom he had four children: Washington F., Istie, Charles and Thomas M. His second wife was Jennie, daughter of Samuel and Martha (Moody) Witherspoon, of Beaver county, by whom he had four children: Charles M., Etta, Bertie and Harry. Dr. Elliott is a member of the Beaver County Medical Society. William Elliott, lumberman, P. O. Beaver Falls, was born in Cumberland, W. Va., July 17, 1835, a son of John and Rachel (Farnsworth) Elliott, and of Scotch-Irish descent. He was reared and educated in his native county, and in 1857 located in Raccoon township, this county, where he was engaged in farming for seven years. He then located in Greene township, this county, and embarked in mercantile trade, in which he continued thirteen years. In 1878-79 he was engaged in the manufacture of salt in Raccoon township, after which he embarked in the lumber business, in various parts of the county, in which he is still interested. He married, in 1857, Margaret P., daughter of John A. and Mary (Elliott) Braden, of Raccoon township, and of an old pioneer family of Beaver county. By this union he has seven children living: Rebecca (Mrs. George Bisphim), Arabel (Mrs. James Ridell), John A., Ada, Charles M., Idona and Jessie. Mr. Elliott is a member of the Methodist ch urch ; in politics a Prohibitionist. James E. Emerson. Ezekiel Emerson, the great grandfather of the subject of this biography, was for a period of thirty years a Congregational preacher in the town of Norridgewock, Me. His son Ezekiel, a native of the above place, was by occupation a farmer and devoted the winter months to fur-hunting. He married Mary Chadwick, whose children were three sons, Ezekiel, Luther and Jothan, and three daughters! Ezekiel, the eldest of these, was born at Norridgewock, and left fatherless at the early age of eight years . Removing in 1826 to Bangor in the same state, his life was devoted to the labors of a husbandman. He was united in marriage to Amanjia, daughter of BIOGKAPHIES WEST SIDE. 651 David Leeman, of Augusta, Me., and had nine children; James E., David, Simon, John (killed during the late war at Galveston Harbor, Texas), Phebe, Amanda, Mary (deceased), Sarah and Elizabeth. James E. Emerson, the eldest of these children, was born Nov! 3, 1833, in Norridgewock, and in early youth removed to Bangor. Here he received such education as the schools of the time afforded, the winter months being devoted to study and the summer to labor on the farm. Intelligent reading and a thoughtful habit of mind compensated in a measure for the want of early scholastic training. At the age of twenty-one, being left free to choose a pursuit in life, he became proficient in the trade of a house carpenter, and continued thus occupied in his native state until 1853, building, in 1850, by contract, the first three blocks of houses in Lewiston Palls, Me., for the Lewiston Palls Water Power Company. He then emigrated to California and estab- lished himself as a manufacturing carpenter. Introducing machinery to a great extent in the construction of buildihgs. Per five years he carried on an extensive lumbering business, and while operating a circular saw-mill at Oroville, Cal., invented his first inserted tooth circular saw, and placed it in successful operation . Selling the interest in his mill he devoted some time to travel for the purpose of inserting teeth in saws, and general repairing of the same. Mr. Emerson later located in Sacramento, where he established a similar business, which was soon extended to San Prancisco. Selling his entire interest in 1859 to Mr. N. W. Spaulding, who continued its successful manage- ment, he removed to Trenton, N. J., and during the Civil War manufactured over one hundred thousand cavalry sabres for the government, as also many officers' swords of fine quality. He at a later period organized the American Saw Company, still in active operation in the latter city. Returning from an extended tour in Europe, Mr. Emerson made Beaver Palls his home and established the company of which he istlie head, known as the Emerson Saw Works. He is a recognized authority in his special department of mechanics, and undoubtedly the pioneer inventor of inserted tooth saws. Mr. Emerson was, in 1847. married to Mary P. Shepard, of Bangor, and their children are Plorence Eldorado (Mrs. Martell, of Beaver Falls), Leanora A. (Mrs. Rabe, of Oakland, Cal.), Hattie L. (Mrs. Midgley, of Beaver Falls), Alena 6.. and Charles M. (located as a saw repairer in Bay City, Mich.). Joseph Engle, fruit-grower, P. O. Industry, was born on the farm where he now , resides, in 1837. He is a son of George and Amy (Dannals) Engle, the former a native of Pennsylvania and the latter of New Jersey. They had nine sons and one daughter: George, Henry, Stacy, Jemima, John, David, Washington, Franklin, Joseph and Enoch. Joseph was educated in the common schools of his native county, and was reared to farm life. In 1860 he married Mary A., daughter of John Crum, and to this union were born three children: Charles, Audie and Eva May. Soon after marriage Mr. Engle moved to near Fostoria, Seneca county, Ohio, where he followed farming for three years; then returned to Beaver county and settled on his present farm, part of the old homestead. He was the first shipper of cultivated fruit (grown on his own place) from this part of the country. He and family are members of the United Brethren church. J. J. EwiNG, gas-fitter, Beaver Palls, is a native of Beaver county, and was born Nov. 16, 1844. He is a son of Joseph Ewing, whose ancestors were among the early settlers of Industry township, this county. He located in Beaver Palls in 1879, where he has since followed his occupation of gas-fitter. He married, Nov. 13, 1866, Alice, daughter of William and Nancy (Irwin) McDonald, of Moon township, Beaver county. Mrs. Ewing's paternal grandfather was John McDonald, an old steamboat captain on the Ohio river, and her maternal grandfather was William Irwin, both prominent citi- zens and pioneers of Beaver county; the former was an early settler of Hopewell town- ship and the latter of Moon township. In 1880 Mrs. Ewing opened the only exclusive music store in Beaver county at Beaver Palls, dealing only in pianos and organs, and has conducted a large and successful business since. Mrs. Ewing is a member of the Methodist Protestant church. Mr. Ewing is a member of the Mystic Circle; in politics he is a Republican-. 652 HISTOEY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. John F. Ferguson, contractor and ice dealer, Beaver Falls, was born in North Sewickley township Dec. 8, 1850, and is a son of John and Janiza (Elliott) Ferguson. His paternal grandfather was John Ferguson, of Ireland, who settled in North Sewick- ley township about 1809. His maternal grandfather was Thomas Elliott, a pioneer of Marion township. John F. was reared in his native town, located in Beaver Falls in 1880 and engaged in livery and teaming business, now running nine teams. He em- barked in the ice business in 1884, has full control of the business in Beaver Falls and also does a good trade in New Brighton. He has been engaged as a contractor since 1883. Mr. Ferguson is a stirring business man; in politics he is a Democrat. S. W. Fields, farmer, P. O. Darlington, was born in 1845, in that part of Beaver county now included in Lawrence county. David Fields married Sarah, the first child born to "William Kyle (of Ireland) after he came to America. Two children were born to David and his wife, 8. W . being the youngest. David was born in Lawrence county and is now seventy years of age. He was a carpenter, but is now retired from business. S. W. has always been a farmer. He came to South Beaver township in 1873, and purchased 186 acres of land, comprising his present farm. He was married in 1875 to Nancy, daughter of Smiley Rhodes, of this county, and they have six children: John F., David S., Otis A., Sarah T., Maggie Myrtle and Lydia Laura. Mr. Fields is a member of the Reformed Presbyterian church; politically a Republican. George Fisher, farmer, P. O. Ohioville, was born June 6, 1832, in Columbiana county, Ohio, a son of Michael and Elizabeth (Dawson) Fisher. The former was born Feb. 14, 1800, and died in January, 1885. George spent his early youth at the place of his birth, and received his education at the district school. He assisted his father on the farm until his marriage, which occurred Dec. 25, 1866, and soon after moved to Ohio- ville, locating upon his present farm of 158 acres. Mrs. Fisher was Sarah, daughter of William and Nancy (Reed) George; she was born in 1836 in this county, but moved to Iowa with her parents, where all her people reside. Her father was born in Columbiana county, Ohio, in January, 1814. Her mother was born in Beaver county, Nov. 3, 1815, her father being one of the early settlers of the county. William George was a son of Thomas and Sarah (Ganzales) George. His wife, Nancy (Reed), was a daughter of Ruel and Mary Ann (Tebalt) Reed, former of whom was a native of Ohio townsi.ip, born Aug. 4, 1769. Two children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Fisher: Benjamin P. and Laura D . , both of whom attended school in the vicinity. O. H. PRANKLm, D.D.S., Beaver Falls, was born in Industry township, Feb. 8, 1858, and is a son of Benjamin and Martha (Reed) Franklin. His father has been a resident of Beaver county for over thirty-five years, and was county superintendent of schools, six years. His mother is a daughter of Milo Reed, of Industry township. O. H. Franklin was reared in Fallston, and in 1878 began the study of dentistry with Dr. A. M. Whisler, of New Brighton. In 1879 he entered the Pennsylvania Dental College', of Philadelphia, and was graduated Feb. 25, 1883. In April he located in New Brighton,' where he practiced until April, 1884, when he established himself in Beaver Falls. In 1885 he married Lucy, daughter of John and Martha (Mitchell) Thornley, of New Brighton. Dr. Franklin is a successful dentist, a member of the Dental Society of Western Pennsylvania. He belongs to the Presbyterian church; in politics he is a Re- publican . 3ow T. Frazier, farmer, P. O. Industry, was born near Wellsville, Columbiana county, Ohio, Sept. 9, 1847, and is a son of William and Mary (Burk) Frazier The father is a native of near Canfleld, Ohio, born Aug. 25, 1825, and at present carries on farming in Wood county, W. Va., near Parkersburg. He enlisted Aug 2 1862 in Company I, 140th Regiment, P. V., and participated in several haiu-f ought battles, among them, Gettysburg (where he was wounded in the left leg, and taken prisoner though owmg to his injuries he was soon afterward paroled), Chancellorsville Wilder- ness and Sailor's creek, near Richmond, Va., where he lost his right leg He'washon orably discharged June 27, 1865, and on his return home located in Brighton township this county, until 1872, when he removed to his present home. John T Frazier en- BIOGEAPHIKS WEST SIDE. 653 listed Feb. 21, ISen, in Company G, 78th P. V. V., stationed at Nashville, Tenn., and was honorably discharged Sept. 11, same year. He married March 23, 1871, Sarah, daughter of William Morrow, and by her has five children, all at home : Mary Bell, "William M., Ida Alice, Sadie Clare and John. Mr. Frazier has resided on his present farm of 133 acres for the past five years. He has held the office of supervisor two years, and is now school director. In politics he is a Republican. He and his wife are mem- bers of the Methodist church. Hbr>i.\n J. Fribling, Pastor St. Mary's Catholic church, Beaver Falls, was born in Hanover, Germany, Sept. 26, 1860, and is a son of Henry and Margaret (Usselman) Frieling. He was reared in his native town of Osnabruck, where he received his early education, and afterward attended school at Ankum, where he studied the higher branches, including Latin, Hebrew and French, for three years. In 1877 he came to America and was a student at St. Vincent's College, "Westmoreland county, Pa., until 1884, when he was ordained and appointed assistant pastor of St. Joseph's church, Pitts- burgh. He remained there until August, 1886, when he was appointed pastor of St. Mary's parish, Beaver Falls. W. S. FuLKMAN, p. O. Beaver Falls. A publication styled Spray of the Falls was established in Beaver Falls in September, 1887. It is a seven-column quarto sheet, con- taining tifty-six well filled columns of reading matter well illustrated. The Spray is issued the first of each month from No. 802 Seventh Avenue (Musser Building), and from its first appearancs has been well received by the people of Beaver county. It combines several new features in journalism, giving to the country readers the advan- tages possessed by their more fortunate city friends, in the way of an abundant supply of pure, wholesome and interesting selections, general news and home news, all of which is made more attractive by the free use of the engraver's art. The Spray, although started as a monthly, is designed to become a weekly journal as it grows older and stronger, and now bids fair to rival its time-honored competitors and settle down into the race for existence as one of the fixed institutions of the valley. Its projector and manager, "Wilson Stanley Fulkman, is a native of Allegheny county. Pa., having been born on the banks of the Ohio river, nine miles west of Pittsburgh, Dec. 7, 1854. His parents were named Abram S. and Rebecca S. Fulkman, both of whom were na- tives of the United States, the former now residing in Virginia, the latter having died March 20, 1879. "W. S. Fulkman located in New Brighton Oct. 15, 1879, where he still resides. Although a practical printer, he did not commence to learn his trade until in his twenty-second year; since locating in Beaver county he has been connected with the press thereof in numerous capacities, the first work he did in the county being for the Beaver Valley News, of New Brighton, as solicitor; he afterward served on the Beaver Falls Qlohe, and prior to engaging in the publication of The Spray Mr. Fulkman was engaged with the Daily Tribune, of Beaver Falls, for two years, the latter part of his engagement serving as local editor, in which position he proved himself an able and trustworthy newsgatherer. Mr. Fulkman was married, Dec. 26, 1878, to Ruth Emma McDanel, eldest daughter of Thomas C. and Margaret A. McDanel, of North Sewickley township, this county. Unto them have been born three children, one son and two daughters, named, respectively, Reid, Ethel and Margie. John Gaston, foreman file cutting department, "Western File "Works, Beaver Falls, was born in County Antrim, Ireland, Nov. 29, 1855, and is a son of Daniel and Anna (McFarland) Gaston, who came to America in 1868 and located in Beaver Falls. The father was a miller by occupation, and died in 1870. John is a miller and file cutter by trade. He worked at milling two years in his native land, and learned the trade of file cutter in the "Western File "Works of Beaver Falls, where he worked as a journeyman fifteen years. In 1885 he was appointed foreman of the file cutting department, which position he still occupies. He is a member of the I. O. O. F.; in politics he is inde- pendent. George Henry Gerbbr, merchant tailor, Beaver Falls, was born in Baden, Ger- many, July 6, 1847. He served four years' apprenticeship at the tailor's trade in his . 36 654 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. native town, and in 1866 emigrated to this country, settling in Pittsburgh, where he worked as a journeyman for nineteen months. He then came to New Brighton, where he worked seven years as a journeyman and four years as a cutter. In 1879, he came to' Beaver Falls, and was in the employ of Harry Goldsmith for five years. January 1, 1884, he embarked in business for himself, and has now a large and successful trade. Hakkt Goldsmith, clothier, merchant tailor and dealer in gents' furnishing goods, Beaver Falls, was born in London, England, in 1840, and came to America in 1863. In 1865 he located in Pittsburgh, where he was engaged in the clothing business until 1872. He then located in Beaver Falls and embarked in his present business, in which he has built up a large trade, occupying three stores, one for each department of his business. He has been a member of the Beaver Falls Building and Loan Association since 1879; is a member of Beaver Valley Lodge, No. 478, A. Y. M. ; is Past H. P. of the Royal Arch Chapter, 206; a member of the I. O. O. F., A. O. IT. W., K. of P., Royal Arca- num, Heptasophs, Mystic Circle and Encampment, and is president of the Beaver Falls School Board. He was one of the Executive Committee of Beaver county in the Gar- field campaign, and is at present occupying the same position. Politically he is a Republican. J. M. GoKMLY, justice of the peace and engineer, P. O. Industry, was born in Industry township in 1838, and is a son of Samuel and Rachel (Marker) Gormly, the former a native of this county, a printer by trade in his youth, but in later life a boat builder. He was a justice of the peace in Industry township for ten years, and, from the first opening of the Cleveland & Pittsburgh Railway till within two years of his death, was ticket agent for that company. Our subject learned steam-boat engireering when about twenty-one years of age, and has since followed that business, chiefly on the Missouri and Yellowstone rivers. He was married in 1859 to Maggie, daughter of Joseph Allen, and by her has had five children, two now living: Ivy M. and Josie F. Mr. Gormly was elected in 1885 to the oiBce ,of justice of the peace. In politics he is a Republican. John Grabbing, retired, P. O. New Galilee, was born near Frankfort, Germany, in January, 1820, and in 1833 came with his parents, Sigfried and Elizabeth (Haydt) Graebing, to America, landing in Baltimore, Md. Sigfried was a chairmaker, a trade he followed during life. He located permanently in Pittsburgh, and was at one time a captain of militia in that city. He died in 1860, aged eighty-four years. Pew cit- izens of Beaver county are better known than John Graebing. He was educated in the common schools of his native country. In the month of December, 1833, with his par- ents and two brothers and two sisters he started on foot from Baltimore to Pittsburgh. That winter was remarkable for cold weather and heavy snows. The family suffered much during the journey, being obliged for a time to live on frozen apples. Mr. Grae- bing has been engaged in various pursuits. He was twelve years on the canal, two years teaming over the Allegheny mountains, three years butchering, and for a number of years a conductor on the P., Ft. W. & C. Ry. In 1857 he purchased the Union Hotel at New Galilee, and until 1882 was its owner and proprietor. He was married in 1841 to Fredericka Hartze, by whom he had the following named children: John, Albert, Christian, William, Henry, Edward and Emma. His wife died in 1881. Mr. Graebing was in 1861 elected to the office of sheriff by the Democratic party. Alexander Graham, liveryman, Beaver Falls, was born in Venango county. Pa., Dec. 12, 1840, and is a son of John and Sarah (Stevenson) Graham, of English and Irish descent. His parents settled in Rochester, this county, in 1847, and ditd Iheie. Their children were Robert, Henry, Mary, Alexander, David, Perry and John. Alexander was reared in Rochester and vicinity from seven years of age. -He was engaged in various occupations after reaching his majority up to 1871, when he located in Beaver Falls and embarked in the livery business, in which he has been successfully engaged up to the present time. July 2, 1861, he married Elizabeth, daughter of Nicholas and Elizabeth (Gehring) Phillips, of an old family of Beaver county, and has four children living: Mary (BIrs. Robert Todd), John, Wesley and Stella. Mr. Graham is a F. & A M., a member of the I. O. O. P., A. O. U.W. and K. of P. Politically he is a Democrat BIOGRAPHIES WEST SIDE. 655 William Graham, farmer, P. O. Black Hawk, was born in South Beaver town- ship in 1834. Andrew, his father, came to Beaver county at an early age from Ireland and purchased fifty acres of land in Beaver township. He married Mary, daughter of Robert McCloy, of Beaver county. To this couple twelve children were born, three of whom are living. Andrew, at his deatli in 1868, owned 157 acres of laud; he was eighty years of age. His wife died in 1870 aged eighty-five years. William now owns the homestead, where he has always lived. He is not married. In politics he votes the Democratic ticket. ' Gray Brothers, merchant tailors, Beaver Falls, are natives of New Brighton, this county, sons of St. Clair and Mary A. (Betout) Gray. Their paternal grandfather was John Gray, a native of Lancaster county, Pa., and a tailor by trade, wl^n settled in New Brighton, this county, about 1813, where he resided until his death. His children were John, Barton, Samuel, Eliza and St. Clair. The latter was a tailor by trade and carried on business in New Brighton for forty years. His children were Samuel B., Mary A., Ellen, Franklin P., Wilbur F., James S., Frederick (deceased), Emma (deceased), George W. and Pink E. The subjects of this sketch were reared in New Brighton and edu- cated in the public schools. They learned the tailor trade in their father's shop, and embarked in business in Beaver Palls in 1875, where they have built up a large and profitable trade. Franklin P., the senior member of the firm, was born Aug. 8, 1853, and married, in 1873, Carrie M., daughter of Hiram Cole, of Alexandria, N. Y. He has four children living: Frank L . , Roy S . , Claude M. and Muriel. The junior mem- ber of the firm, James S., was born Jan. 21, 1856, and married, in 1876, Katie L., daughter of Phillip Dimond, of Beaver Falls. He has two children: Clara P. and Anna. Both gentlemen are members of the Royal Arcanum, and are Republicans. Thomas Gueeslbe, steamboat captain, P. O. Vanport, is of Scotch-Irish descent, born Oct. 8, 1809, and is a son of Thomas and Mary (Quinn) Greenlee, natives of Alle- gheny county, former by occupation a farmer. Our subject was only two years old when his father was killed at the raising of a log building. Thomas was the youngest of eight children. Tbomas and Nancy (Greenlee) Shane are the only ones now living. He Wfis reared in Allegheny county, and attended the common schools and an academy in Allegheny county; he went on the river when quite young, and has followed it most of his business life; he was forty years on the Ohio and Mississippi in different capaci- ties, and has run as pilot and captain for many years; he was married in Allegheny county, in 1838, to Susan, daughter of Peter and Mary (Kintner) Onstott, of German descent. The children of Capt. and Mrs. Greenlee are Nancy, wife of John R. Large, an attorney at Pittsburgh; Robert, steam-boat pilot, married to Frances Johnston; Lucinda, wife of James Mitchell; Anna H., wife of Henry Large, Jr.; Virginia E., wife of George W. Johnston; Arminda V. and Alvin L., twins (Arminda V. is the wife of James M. Cornelius. Alvin L. enlisted Aug. 6, 1863, in the 140th Regt. Co. F, Col. R. P. Roberts commanding; was wounded at Gettysburg, July 3, 1863; had a limb amputated and died from the effects Aug. 3, 1863); Estella J., wife of J. P. Ross. The family belong to the Presbyterian church, In politics Captain Greenlee is a Republican. George H. Grier, farmer, P. O. New Galilee, was born in Darlington township in 1853, and is a descendant of one of the oldest settlers in this section. His .grand- father laid out the present town of Darlington, and in his honor it was named Greers- burg. George Grier, father of our subject, married Margaret Holmes. Eight children were born to this couple, George H. being the only son. George Grier was a prominent farmer in his day. He died in 1883. George H. was educated in the common schools, and at the death of his father came into possession of the homestead where be now lives. Besides managing the work of the farm he is also engaged in the lumber business. In politics he is a Republican. William H. Grim, physician, Beaver Falls, was born in New Sewickley township, Oct. 30, 1833, and is a son of Michael and Martha (Shearrer) Grim. His grandfather, Philip L. Grim, of German descent and a native of York county. Pa., moved to Beaver county in 1800, settling in New Sewickly township, where he cleared and improved a 656 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. farm. He erected a two-story residence, which is now occupied by Sampson Pearsall. He had four sons and four daughters, the sons being John, George, Philip and Michael, the last named a soldier of the War of 1812. He cleared and improved a farm m his native township, and died there. His wife was a daughter of John and Mary Shearrer, pioneers of Butler and Beaver counties. They had eight children: Philip L., John, George, Conrad, David, William H., Joseph and Esther (Mrs. George Hartje). His sec- ond wife was Susan Nye, by whom he had one son, Benjamin. William H. Grim was reared in Beaver county, taught school for six years, and later studied medicine. He took his first course of lectures in the Medical College of Ohio at Cincinnati, and was graduated from Jeflferson Medical College of Philadelphia in 1869. He located m Beaver Falls, where he now has a large practice. He was twice married; first to Lucinda, daughter of Levi and Leah (Tice) Spangler, of Lebanon county. Pa., by whom he has one son, William Simpson, now a student of medicine. His second wife was Amelia A., daughter of Archibald and Ann R. (Baker) Robertson, of Beaver Falls. Dr. Grim has served officially in the school board of Beaver Falls for many years. He is a member of the Beaver County Medical Society; is a F. & A. M., and a member of the A. O. TJ. W. ; politically he is a Jeffersonian Democrat. Abbam S. Hall, carriage manufacturer, Beaver Falls, was born in Beaver, Nov. 11, 1840, and is a son of John L. and Eliza (Shockey) Hall. His father was a native of Kittanning, Pa., and with three brothers, David, Solomon and Richard, came to Beaver county about 1817, where he followed the occupation of a tailor for most of his life. His wife was a daughter of Abraham Shockey, formerly of Hollidaysburg, Pa., a.nd a pioneer tailor of Beaver county. Mr. Hall had ten children who grew to maturity: Mary J., Catherine, Eliza, Matilda, Amelia, Abram S., Richard, Dallas, Frank and John. Abram S. was reared in Beaver, learned his trade with C. West & Co. of Pittsburgh, and worked as a journeyman several years. He was in business at New Brighton three years, located in Beaver Falls in 1874, and with his brother Richard embarked in their present business. They are said to be the only carriage manufacturers in Beaver county who have continued successfully in the business for any length of time. In 1873 Mr. Hall married Ellen Nippert, of New Brighton, by whom he has three children living: Florence, Ellen and Lillie. John A. Hallbr, contractor and builder, Beaver Falls, was born in Butler county. Pa., July 30, 1853, and is a son of Adam and Elizabeth (Martsolf) Haller. He was reared in his native county, and learned carpentering in Pittsburgh. In 1877 he located in Beaver Falls, where he worked at his trade until the fall of 1882, when he embarked in business as a contractor and builder with Jacob D. Martsolf, which partnership expired Jan. 1, 1887, since which time he has been in the same business on his own account. He has built a large number of first-class buildings in Beaver Falls and elsewhere, and his reputation for first-class work is firmly established. He is a member of the Lutheran church, and the Royal Arcanum; in politics he is a Democrat. Jambs Hamilton and his brother Thomas were both natives of Ireland. The former resided in the territory now known as South Beaver township. He was shot and killed by men lying in ambush, as he was riding on horseback along with a party of land agents. United States marshals and others, who were dispossessing settlers of their lands. J. Q. Hamilton, station agent and telegraph operator, Beaver, was born in Beaver Nov. 13, 1855. He is a son of G. W. and Eliza Jane (Todd) Hamilton, natives of Pennsyl- vania and of English descent. His father started in life as a steamboat engineer, which occupation he followed for over twenty-five years. During the civil war he was ap- pointed United States revenue collector for Beaver, Lawrence and Washington counties, and held that office until his death, which occurred in 1885. He served for several years as a director of the First National Bank of New Brighton. His family consisted of four sons : Samuel T., a captain in the regular army; G. W., a machinist at Rochester; William, a station agent on the Lake Erie railroad; and J. Q., who was reared in Bea- ver, attended the Beaver Seminary and early in life learned telegraphing. His first position was on the C. P. R. R. as operator from 1872 to 1879. When the Lake Erie BIOGRAPHIES "WEST SIDE. 657 railroad was built to Beaver he came to this place and took charge of Beaver station, where he has been ever since. Mr. Hamilton was married, in 1881, to Lizzie, daughter of David Patton, and of English descent. They have one child, Mabel Virginia. Mr. and Mrs. Hamilton are members of the Presbyterian church. In politics he is a Republican. William D. Hamilton, farmer and stock grower, P. O. Beaver Palls, was born in Pittsburgh, Pa., April 5, 1828, and is a son of James and Nancy (Dinsmore) Hamilton, natives of Ireland, who came to America when they were both children. His father grew up in Pittsburgh, learned the machinist's trade and spent most of his life in that occupation; he died in 1859; his family consisted of eight children, "William D. being the youngest and only one now living. His brother, Hon. John S. Hamilton, served two terms in the legislature from Pittsburgh, and also served a term from Iowa. He was a Democrat, and was elected in districts strongly Republican. William D. was reared in Pittsburgh, attended the graded schools, and early learned the carpenter's trade, which he followed until he came to Brighton township and bought his present farm. He was married in Allegheny county to Miss Amanda Hall, a lady of Pennsyl- vanian origin. Her father was a manufacturer of plows. Mr. and Mrs. Hamilton have five children now living: James H., Carrie R., William D., Robert C. and John S. Our subject is a member of the Presbyterian church. He is a Democrat, and was a member of the council seven years at Pittsburgh. He is a Master Mason. Robert Hakbison (deceased), whose portrait appears elsewhere in this volume, was born in South Beaver township, about 1795. At the time of his death, in 1887, he was probably the oldest native of the county resident in it. His grandfather was a merchant in Belfast, Ireland, of which city our subject's parents were also natives. They came and settled in South Beaver township two years before the birth of our subject, and reared a family of six sons and five daughters under the teachings of the Presbyterian church. Elizabeth married James McMillin, and lived and died in South Beaver; Mary married Isaac Warrick, and lived in Ohio township; Robert was the third child; Adam died in 'Enon Valley; Jane married John McMillin, and died at their home in South Beaver; Ann married Ezariah Inman, and lived in Chippewa township; John's home was near Beaver Falls; James dwelt in South Beaver, and died near Newcastle, this state; Sarah married George Powers and dwelt in Big Beaver; Samuel and Matthew remained in South Beaver, and the latter never married. Matthew died in 1833, aged sixty-five years, and his remains were deposited in New Salem cemetery, Ohio township. Robert Harbison had very limited educational privileges, but his native shrewdness made him a very successful man. By judicious investments in real estate he realized a competence, and his only loss occurred in the Savings Bank of Allegheny, where he sunk six thousand dollars. He was at one time a stockholder in the P.,Ft. W. &C. Ry, whose tracks crossed his farm. When his brethren of the Free Presbyterian church objected to this holding he withdrew from that body, and for a time associated with the Methodist Episcopal church, but he was not satisfied with this connection, and at the time of his death was a member of the United Presbyterian church. Politically he associated with the Free-Soil party, but afterward joined the Democrats. He was first married when thirty-five years of age, and three times after that. His first wife, Mary Johnson, died in 1847, aged forty-eight years; she bore him one daughter, Mary Eliza, wife of John Glass. His second wife was Jane D., widow of Dr. James W. Johnson; shedied in 1852, aged thirty years; her two children, Robert P. and Andrew died young. Mr. Harbison's third wife was Mrs. J. Anderson, who died without issue in 1888, aged seventy-eight years. His fourth wife was Mrs. Lichau, whom he married in 1885. She is now living in Beaver Falls. Mary Eliza Harbison was married in 1858, to John H. Glass, of whom more particular mention is here appropriate. He was born in Ohio township, Nov. 11, 1826. His parents moved to Ohio and afterward settled at Ossian, Ind. , where he was brought up. Here he kept a store for some time and also dealt in live stock. In 1861 he moved to Allegheny City and made that place and Pittsburgh his headquarters until his death, which occurred on the 27th of July, 1877. At that time he was a member of the firm of Holmes, LafEerty & Co., extensive dealers in stock, and 658 HISTORY OF BEAVBE COUNTY. enjoyed a reputation for integrity and fair dealing, and a thorougli judgment of the merits and value of animals. His son, Robert Harbison Glass, is a resident of Alle- gheny. Jeanetta Josephine, the eldest child, is the wife of B. F. Pyle, whose biogra- phy will be found in this volume. John Drummond, third child of Mr. and Mrs. Glass, died at the age of eleven years. Mrs. Glass was born in South Beaver Dec. 9, 1838, and died in November, 1882. James L. Hakbison, contractor and builder, Beaver Falls, was born in Allegheny City, Sept. 2Z, 1841, and is a son of Adam and Jane (Lowry) Harbison. He was reared and educated in his native city, where he served an apprenticeship of three years at the brick-layer's trade. He worked as a journeyman until 1869, when he located in Beaver Falls, and in 1870 became associated with H. T. Howe as a contrafctor and builder. He married Mary E., daughter of William and Ellen (Hockenberry) Graham, of Butler county. Pa. , and has two children— Ida J. and William. He is a member of the I. O. O. F. ; politically he is a Republican. Jambs Harper, county surveyor, P. O. Beaver, was born in Hanover township, this county, June 1, 1828. His parents, James and Elizabeth (Hay) Harper, were natives of this state, his mother being born in Washington county and his father in York county. They were of Scotch descent. His grandfather came from York county to Beaver county in 1800, when his father was only eight years old, and settled in Hanover township. He was a miller and built the Harper Mills in Hanover township. His son, James, was also a miller. His family consisted of eight children, six of whom lived to adult age. Our subject is the eldest son, and the only surviving member o:^'the family now living in this county. He attended the district schools of Hanover town- ship, Frankfort Academy and the academy at Hookstown. He very naturally chose the occupation of his father and grandfather, and learned the miller's trade in the old Har- per Mills, which had been in the possession of the familj' for three generations. He worked at surveying for forty-one years, twenty years of that time in connection with milling in Hanover township. Since 1866 he has made surveying his only business. In 1859 he wiis elected county surveyor, and served one term. He was again elected in 1874, and has held the office ever since except during two years. In politics he was first a Whig and then a Republican. He held many offices in Hanover township, serving nine years as school director. He was married in September, 1850, to Alice Ann, daughter of William Carothers, a member of one of the earliest families of this county. He was of Irish descent. They have had five children : Mary, James (a machinist), Clementine (deceased), William (a glass cutter), and Elizabeth. They are members of the United Presbyterian church, of which Mr. Harper is an elder. J. R. Harrah, attorney, Beaver, was born in this county March 25, 1848. His parents, William and Eliza (Fleming) Harrah, were natives of Allegheny county and of Scotch-Irish origin. His father was a miller by trade, which he made the business of his life. He had seven sons and four daughters. Our subject, who is the fourth child, was reared on the farm and worked in the mill with his father. He received his educa- tion in the district school, and early in life began teaching, an occupation he followed until March 9, 1862, when he enlisted in Company F, 140th Regiment, P.V.I. He served as orderly sergeant until the close of the war, except when he was on detached service. He was in the Fourth Army Corps under General Hancock, and was with his regiment when it stood directly in front of Pickett's great charge. He was with his com- pany when they fought over what is now so well known as the wheat field at the battle of Gettysburg; also participated in the battle of Chancellorsville. Soon after the battle of Gettysburg he was appointed recruiting officer, and was sent to Pittsburgh. He was then detailed in the quartermaster's department, subsequently returned to his regiment, and was again put on detached service in the Quartermaster General's department. After the close of the war he began the study of law in the office of S. B. Wilson, of Beaver, and in 1866 began practice in Beaver. He is an active member of the Repub- lican party, and has been one of the prime movers in getting pavements and gas and water works in the borough. He has been a member of the council of Beaver and of BIOGRAPHIES WEST SIDE. 659 the school board. As a lawyer Mr. Harrah has been successful. He was married, in 1875, to Mary A., daughter of William B. and Elizabeth J. (Kennedy) McGaffick, and is of Irish descent. Mr. and Mrs. Harrah have one child: Matthew S. They are members of tlie Presbyterian church. Simon Harrold. The great-great-grandfather of the subject of this biographical sketch was a soldier of the Revolution. His son Peter, who resided in Eastern Pennsyl- vania, was the father of David Harrold, one of the pioneer settlers in Ohio. To his wife, formerly Miss Bear, were born twelve children. Samuel, of this number, whose birth occurred Aug. 16, 1816, in Columbiana county, Ohio, still resides in his native county. He married Susanna Crumbaker, also descended from Revolutionary stock. Their children were twelve in number, all of whom with one exception survive. Their son, Simon Harrold, was born Nov. 3, 1840, in Columbiana county, Ohio, where he remained until his majority was attained. Becoming a pupil of the common and select schools he later spent four years in acquiring a knowledge of the carpenter's and build- er's trade, and in 1866 chose Beaver Falls as a favorable point of settlement. Here an extended field awaited him. He erected the second new dwelling in the place, which his family occupied. He then built a planing mill, and embarked in the business of a lumber merchant and contractor. These departments of industry he still conducts, and has during his residence in the town erected most of tlie factories and important build- ings besides its churches, school-houses and hotels. He has also constructed two court houses in Ohio, and done much important work in other parts of Pennsylvania. He is a director of the First National Bank of Beaver Falls, and is connected with various manufacturing enterprises. Mr. Harrold was in January, 1866, married to Louisa, daughter of Jacob Schauweker, of Columbiana county, Ohio. Their children were : Edward R . (deceased), Julia C. , Alberta S. , Irvin C . , Mary E . , Isadore L. , Kath- erine Maud, Alfred E. A staunch Republican, Mr. Harrold has never been aii active worker in the field of politics. He is a member of the Methodist Protestant church of Beaver Falls, and connected with Echo Lodge, F. & A. M., that borough. Robert Harsha, dealer in musical instruments and sewing machines, Beaver, is a native of this county, born in Hanover township June 17, 1824. His parents, John and Mary (Moore) Harsha, were natives of this state and of Irish and German descent. His father started in life as a school-teacher and a surveyor. He was a college graduate, and a man of high literary attainments. He served for a time as justice of the peace, and was a member of the legislature for Beaver county in 1836-37-38. He had eleven children, of whom Robert, who is the ninth, is the only survivor. He was reared in Hanover township, attended the common schools, and followed farming until 1869, when he came to Beaver and engaged in traveling and selling farming implements for a time. He then embarked in his present business, which he has since followed with success. In this business his son, J. W., is a partner. He was married, in 1857, to Miss E. A., daughter of John and Nancy (Cha;-les) McCauley, natives of Beaver county and of Irish descent, former of whom, a farmer, was born in 1805. Mr. and Mrs. Harsha have had ten children, nine now living. They are members of the United Presbyterian Church, of which Mr. Harsha has been an elder for twenty years. He also acted as Sabbath school superintendent for about fifteen years. He held most of the local offices in Hanover township. In politics he is a Republican. Hekrt Waters Hartman. Mr. Hartman, oae of the most prominent representa- tives of the manufacturing interests of the county, is descended from German stock. His grandfather, Peter Hartman, emigrated from Germany and joined the Revolution- ary army under Gen. Anthony Wayne. Settling after his discharge in Chester county, Pa., he subsequently removed to Perry county in the same state and engaged in farming. His three children were Benjamin, Frederick, and a daughter who became Mrs. Shoe- maker, the mother of Prof. Shoemaker, Ph. D., of Blairstown, N. J. Benjamin Hartman was born in Perry county, afterward resided for twenty years in Huntingdon county, and ultimately removed to Blair county, in the same state, where he remained until his death; he married Penina M. Wilson, of Huntingdon county, and had children: 660 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. Eldon W., Henry Waters, Jesse L., Frank E. and Mary E. (Mrs. J. A. Marvin). Henry Waters, the second son, was born Dec. 21, 1850, in Huntingdon county, and in 1860 became a resident of Blair county. His education was limited to the common schools, with two additional terms at Academia Academy, in Juniata county. Pa. ; after which he devoted some time to labor on the farm, and later began a more active business career as clerk in a store at HoUidaysburg, from whence he was promoted to a position in the oflBce of the HoUidaysburg Iron & Nail Company. Two years after he was placed in charge of the rolling mill and nail factory, and for three years acceptably filled that position. Mr. Hartman then removed to Pottstown, in connection with the Pottstown Iron Company, remaining two years with this company prior to accepting the assistant superintendency of the Gautier Steel Works, at Johnstown, Pa. In 1882, two and a half years later, Mr. Hartman came to Beaver Falls and organized the Hartman Steel Company, limited, of which he is chairman. From small beginnings this com- pany has Increased in capacity and importance until it now employs eleven hundred men in the manufacture of steel wire, wire nails of every variety, and many specialties, such as wire mats, picket and woven fence, cold die-rolled steel, etc. Mr. Hartman is also director of the Bridgewater Gas Company, of which the Hartman Steel Company are the principal owners. His business interests engross his entire attention and preclude active participation in matters of more general import. Aside from keeping well informed on the public questions of the day he gives no time to party or political meas- ures. Mr. Hartman was, in October, 1876, married to Mary, daughter of A. L. Holli- day, of HoUidaysburg. and has two children. John E. Ha.bton, builder, Beaver, was born in Beaver borough in November, 1835, and is a son of James and Eliza (Elliott) Harton, latter a native of Ireland. They were married in Beaver. James Harton, who was of Irish descent, was born in Chester county. Pa. ; he was a mason by trade, and resided in Beaver county from 18£0 until his death; his family consisted of three sons and five daughters. John E. attended the common schools in his native town, and early in life learned the mason's trade, at which he worked for a time. After he reached his majority he learned the carpenter's trade, and since 1867 has been engaged in contracting; he is a member of the firm of Harton & Tallon in Beaver. Mr. Harton was married, in June, 1863, to Mary, daughter of William and Ellen (Edwards) Moore, natives of Beaver county and of German des- cent. Her father was born in 1806, and died at her home in Beaver in 1887. Mr. and Mrs. Harton have four children; William E., Ella A., Harry.M. and Stanford N. In politics Mr. Harton is a Republican, and has served as school director and pres- ident of the school board in Beaver for two terms, and one term as county auditor. He is a member of the I. O. O. F. lodge and encampment, and has served two terms as representative of the Grand Lodge. He enlisted in 1862 in the 140th Regiment, P. v.. Company I; was in many battles, including Gettysburg, Chancellorsville, the Wilderness, and was discharged at the close of the war; he is a member of Post No. 473, G. A. R. ; he has worked at railroad bridge building. John Hartshorn, retired farmer, P.O. East Palestine, Ohio, was born in Dar- lington township in 1812. This family were among the original settlers of the county. Thomas Hartshorn came from Maryland to Westmoreland county, and from there to Beaver about 1796. He purchased 200 acres of land in Darlington township, where he remained until his death; he died in 1833, aged sixty-five years. He married Jane, daughter of Oliver Duff, also an early settler in this county, and they had five sons and two daughters, John being the second son. Our subject left home in 1837 and pur- chased 150 acres of land, where he has since resided; now owns about 300 acres of valuable farming and timber land. He was married July 20, 1837, to Lucinda, daughter of George McKein, of this county, and they have had four children, two of whom are living: Thomas, and Mary Jane (Mrs. Maginnis). The mother died in 1881, aged six- ty-six years. Thomas has always remained on the farm with his father, and is unmar- ried. In 1864 he enlisted in Company H, 205th Heavy Artillery, and served until the close of thewar. Mr. John Hartshorn has been an Industrious farmer. He is a member of the United Presbyterian church; politically he is a Republican. BIOGRAPHIES WEST SIDE. 661 D. W. Hartshorn, farmer, P. O. East Palestine, Ohio, is the tliird son of Thomas :and Jane (DuS) HartshoTn. He was born in 1815, on tlie farm lie now owns; which is the original tract purchased by his father. Mr. Hartshorn lias always lived on his pres- •ent farm. He received his education at the " old log schoolhouse." He was married, in 1851, to Martha Jane, daughter of William and Matilda (Robinson) Hasson, and they have seven children: Matilda Jane, Sarah Emma, Mary E., Thomas Wallace, William, JRobert C. and Lucy S. Mr. Hartshorn has for many years been ii member of the United Presbyterian church; he is a Republican, and has filled the offices of school ■director and tax collector, and has held other positions of trust. Harry P. Hawkins, agent Adams Express Company, Beaver Palls, was born in Indiana county. Pa., June 6, 1861, and is a son of S. M. and Margaret A. (Fleming) Hawkins. His paternal grandfather was Matthew Hawkins, a farmer of Westmore- land county. Pa., and his maternal grandfather was Alexander Fleming, of Maryland, a resident of Beaver county since 1870. S. M. Hawkins was reared in Westmoreland county, and settled in Beaver Palls in 1867, where he was in business as a merchant tailor for ten years . During the war of the rebellion he served nine months in Com- pany D., 135th P. V. and was honorably discharged. He was a prominent P. & A. M. , and served several years as a member of the Board of Education of Beaver Falls, of which he was treasurer at the time of his death, Jan. 14, 1887. Harry P. Ha\ikins was reared in Beaver Palls from his seventh year. He was employed in the saw works of Emerson, Smith & Co. for several years; was mail agent on the Pittsburgh, Port Wayne and Chicago Railway for some time, and has held his present position since July. 1886. Joseph G. Hats, driller of gas and artesian wells, is a son of Charles H. and Margaret (Grove) Hays, and was born at Augusta, Carroll county, Ohio, Oct. 7, 1637. Charles H. Hays was a native of Ireland, born in 1796. In 1846 he moved his family from Augusta to Industry, Beaver county. Pa. , where is wife, Margaret, died in May, 1871, and where only a few months later, in November of the same year, he followed her to his last resting place. At Industry, the subject of this sketch received his edu- cation and resided until 1872, when he moved to Ohioville, his present lot ali< n. May 15, 1861, he enlisted in Company F, Tenth Regiment, P. R. C, and fought in the bat- tles of Dranesville, Mercersville, Gaines' Mill, White Oak Swamp, Malvern Hill, Bull Eun, South Mountain, Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, Mine Run, Wilderness, Bethesda Church and others; was wounded at the Battle of Gaines' Mill in the leg by a ball, which he still carries, and was compelled to enter the hospital, where he remained two months As soon as the doctor's consent was obtained he again resumed his place in the field. At Pittsburgh, Pa., June 11, 1864, he was mustered out of service. Mr. Hays was united in marriage, Dec. 6, 1866, with Miss Margaret, daughter of Jacob and Elizabeth (Stewart) Penebaker, who was born March 29, 1839. Her father died Jan. 17, 1871. Her mother still resides in Greene township. Pour children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Hays, three of whom are at home, and nearly grown lo manhood and womanhood, named respectively— Joseph, Eula and Au.'-tin Stanley. George, the youngest, (^ed at the age of eleven years. Mr. and Mrs. Hays and Eula are members of the Methodist Episcopal church at Ohioville . Mr. Hays is a F . & A . M . ; a member of theG. A. R. Post 328, and of the A. O U. W.; he is a Republican. Thomas Henry was born in Ireland May 16, 1781. William Henry, his father, em- igrated to the United States in the year 1783, about the close of the Revolutionary war, and first settled in. Maryland, not far from Havre de Grace. He removed thence to JBeaver (then Allegheny) county, in the year 1796, and commenced an actual settlement on the easterly side of the Big Beaver. 'The country was then a wilderness. The treaty of peace, concluded with the Indians by Gen. Wayne, at Port Greenville, Aug. 3, 1795, ratified in the following December, having opened the way, the tide of emigration from the back settlements set in in the year 1796. Judge Henry was then in his sixteenth year. He was therefore identified with all the hardships, privations, interests and feel- ings of the early settlers and pioneers of the county. In the year 1802 he came to the 662 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. town of Beaver to engage In working at his trade with his elder brother. Possessiiig- naturally a vigorous mind and a bold and energetic disposition, he soon began to take- part in political affairs. On the 34th of December, 1808, he was appointed a justice of of the peace by Simon Snyder ; in 1810 he was elected a county commissioner ; in the fall of 1814 he was elected captain of one of the companies drafted from this county to- protect the shores of Lake Erie against an invasion of the British, supposed to be in- tended to be made during the following winter. He marched with his company and wintered near the lake shore. Here his company suffered much from sickness and the severity of the cold ; and he himself labored under a severe and lingering attack of typhus fever. It was during this campaign 'Judge Henry laid the foundation of many warm friendships, as lasting as the lives of those who became his friends, and some still are living who will ever remember him with deep regard. In 1815 he was elected a member of the legislature, and in 1816 appointed prothonotary and clerk of the several- courts of the county, which post he retained until the fall of 1821, when elected sheriff by the people. In the year 1825 he became the proprietor and editor of the Western- Argus, a newspaper established originally by James Logan, Esq. He continued in this vocation until the year 1831, when the paper passed into the hands of his son, the pres- ent editor, William Henry. [ See chapter on the Press.] In 1828 and 1829 he filled the office of treasurer' of the county ; in 1831 he was appointed by Gov. Wolf associate judge. This office he filled with much credit and an independence seldom exhibited by associates ; not hesitating on proper occasions to maintain his opinions with decision and firmness and with a knowledge and understanding ripened by a familiar acquaintance with judicial business. Upon his nomination to congress, he resigned his judicial com- mission, and in the fall of 1836 was elected to a seat in that body by a handsome majority over a gentleman of acknowledged worth and great popularity. He was r^«lec1ed in 1888, and again in 1840, in each instance by flattering majorities, though opposed by popular candidates. With the close of his congressional term in 1843, ended the active duties of his pub- lic life ; but he continued to afford useful and often efficient aid to his friends in the- political field. As a public officer he performed his duty with a fidelity, correctness, and honesty of purpose which won the confidence of the community. If his firmness was ever supposed to border on obstinacy, it was still characterized by manifest single- ness of heart and desire to be right that obtained the respect of those who might have believed him in error. As a politician, for such it must be conceded he was for most, of his long and useful life, he always occupied open and well-known ground. Never- trimming to the popular breeze, his energy of character, fearlessness, boldness of action and independence of thought caused him rather to lead than to follow public opinion. While the prominence of his public life seems naturally to fill the foreground of descrip- tion, the virtues which adorned his private character (if it may be so distinguished ) can not pass unnoticed. They, too, occupy a large portion of the picture. Pursuing the faith of his forefathers he became a follower of Christ, and as early perhaps as the year 1816 connected himself with the Presbyterian church. In 1825 he was chosen an elder. In this position, as in all others of his life, he exerted a marked influence. At his house the minister of God always found a welcome and a home, while his time, his services and his substance were freely devoted to aid the church of his choice and build up the inter- ests of religion. It is true, in ecc'esiastical as in secular affairs, while on one hand holding firmly many fast friends, he was not without his opponents. But it was the result of these traits which secured to him his influence, to wit : his firmness, his inde- pendence and fearlessness. In this relation his opponents always acknowledged his- upright honesty, while they may have deprecated his supposed errors. The great and leading trait of his character was honesty of purpose, to which he added excellent judgment and strong common sense. Hence his counsel and advice- were much sought for by his fellow citizens of every portion of the county. Few men enjoyed a more extensive acquaintance, or stood higher in the estimation of the public. The same traits of character often led him to be chosen to offices of private trust, in BIOGEAPHIES WEST SIDE. 663 which the Interests committed to his charge were always managed with great success and scrupulous fidelity. He has left behind him many who remember his services with gratitude and none who can say of him they suffered from neglected duty, erroneous judgment, or voluntary dereliction. As a neighbor he was obliging and kind, as a friend constant and unwavering, as a citizen useful, as a Christian exemplary, and in his domestic relations, the attachment of his family furnishes the strongest proof of how much he was loved and respected . He died July 20, 1849. William Hbkrt, born in the town of Beaver June 28, 1808, was the eldest son of Hon. Thomas Henry. His education was such as the schools of the village afforded. At the age of sixteen he entered his father's printing office as an apprentice, and was connected with the paper, as boy and man, for twenty-seven years. At the age of twenty- three he became sole editor and proprietor, by purchase of the paper, then known as the Western Argus. He was married, April 18, 1833, to Eliza S. Hamilton, and continued as editor of the Argus until Nov. 26, 1851, when in a valedictory, reviewing the moral, political, manufacturing and agricultural condition of the county, he took a linal leave of the subscribers of the paper. During the time he occupied the editorial chair, ques- tions of great public moment were ably and fully discussed. The Nullification move- ment, U. S. Bank, Tariff Currency, the acquisition of Texas and the Mexican War, the Compromise measure of 1850, were subjects upon which the readers of the paper were fully informed . His style of writing was terse, nervous and vigorous; compact and concise and aggressive to the last degree, in political discussions. He was an untiring friend and advocate of any measure tending to improve and develop the resources of the county. The Erie Canal, from the Ohio to Lake Erie, was a subject upon which his pen was early and often employed. The Beaver & Conneaut railroad, of which a suri^y was made in 1886, starting from ' ' The Point," and going up the west bank of the Beaver to Conneaut Harbor, was also a favorite enterprise, but the crash of 1837 brought everything to a Standstill. The ground is now occupied by the Pittsburg & Lake Erie railroad. Mr. Henry was an early and constant advocate of the building of the Ohio & Pennsylvania railroad, now the Ft. Wayne; and in fact every public enterprise, found in him a ready, active, and inspiring advocate. He was treasurer of Beaver county in 1857-58, and after leaving the office, he was appointed secret agent of the county to buy up the bonds issued in the construction of the Cleveland & Pittsburg railroad; the $100,000 subscription being taken up by the payment of about $71,000. He was amember of the Legislature in 1861-62-63 . Mr. Henry died July 4, 1875. Samuel Henry, merchant, Darlington, was born in Armstrong county, in 1889. Thirty years later he removed to Beaver county. His father, Wilson Henry, a native of Westmoreland county, married Eliza Garvin of Armstrong county, and to them were were horn eleven children, of whom Samuel is the eldest. Wilson was a farmer by occupation, and is now living in Allegheny county. His grandfather, Samuel, tame from Ireland, rfe was a descendant of the famous Matthew Henry, and was also a farmer. Mr. Henry was married in 1866 to Miss M. A. , daughter of Francis Beatty, of Allegheny county, and became the father of seven children, three of whom, Alice, Fan- nie and Nettie, are yet living. Mr. Henry enlisted at the breaking out of the rebellion in Company B, 63d Regiment, P. V. I., and served in the famous Kearney's division, his term of service being three years. Since the war he has been engaged in general merchandising, having located successfully in Rochester, Cannelton, Beaver county, and in Darlington, in which latter place he is still engaged in business under the firm name of Henry & Mansfield. Mr. Henry has been prominent in local circles in which he moves; he has been school director; is a prominent member of the G. A. R. and of the U. V. L., and also of the Presbyterian church. In politics he is a Republican. Thomas M. Henry, attorney, Beaver, of the firm of Bigger & Henry, of Beaver and New Brighton, was born in Beaver, April 22, 1858, within a few rods of the site of the courthouse; he is the eldest son of Evan James and Lucy M. (Rigg) Henry, latter born in Kirkudbrightshire, Scotland. His father, who is a native of Beaver, of Welsh and Irish descent, studied law with Hon. Daniel Agnew, and was admitted to the bar 664: HISTOEY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. Sept. 3, 1839; he practiced here for a time, then went to Cincinnati, Ohio, and practiced there for ten years. About 1858 he retired and has since lived In Princeton, N. J. Thomas M. first attended school in Princeton; then went with his parents to Europe, and remained abroad for four years, attending school most of the time while there. After his parents' return to America in 1873, he was under private instructions, for two years. In 1875 he entered Princeton College, and was graduated in 1879. He then entered Columbia Law School in New York, was graduated in 1881, and admitted to practice in the state of New York. In the following November he came to Beaver, andin 1883 was admitted to the bar in Beaver county. His grandfather, Thomas Henry, was a cap- tain in the war of 1812, and went with his company from Beaver county. Captain Henry's brother, William, was the first sheriff pf Beaver county, and was associate judge in Southern Ohio, whence he moved soon after the war of 1813. The Henry family may truly be called one of the pioneer families of Beaver county. RoBKKT Hebron settled in Chippewa township in 1798. He was of Scirtch-Irish parentage, and was born in York county. Pa., June 17, 1765. In very early boyhcod he removed to Cumberland county. Pa., where he attained his majority. He was married, in 1794, to Miss Agnes Crawford, a native of Lancaster county, and in the following year removed to the "Ports of Yough," two years later taking up his residence in "White Oak Flats," Beaver county. One year later he entered Chippewa township, living for twelve months near what is now known as the Dunlap school district. In 1799 he removed to the farm of which he became ownef, and which is yet occupied by his grandchildren. It is located on the south side of the township, near Brady's Bun. Here he resided until his death, Aug. 17, 1838. He held the office of justice of the peace for nineteen consecutive years immediately preceding his decease, and was during the latter part of his life an elder in the Associate Presbyterian Church of Darlin^on, and afterward in the Four Mile Church. He left four sons and two daughters: William, Joseph C, John S., Margaret, Mary O. and David. All lived, and are identified with the history of Chippewa township. William was a soldier in the war of 1813; Joseph C. was a coroner of the county one term, about 1828; John S. was justice of the peace three years, holding the appointment at time of his death, he was also an elder in the Four Mile Church, and, later, of the United Presbyterian Church, of Beaver Falls; David died in childhood; Margaret became the wife of Joseph Niblock; Mary O. is yet residing, an unmarried lady, in Beaver. James Hbkron, an older and unmarried brother of Robert, served as a scout with Capt. Samuel Brady in the Beaver valley and elsewhere, and engaged in numerous hand- to-hand conflicts with the Indians, from which he had many remarkable escapes. He was present at St. Clair's defeat, Nov. 4, 1791; served during the war of 1812, and was present at the battle of New Orleans, under Gen. Jackson. 'The date of his death is not known. John Hebron, dairyman, Pallston, was born in Chippewa township, this county, April 29, 1834. His parents, William (a farmer) and Sarah (Alexander) Hen on, were of Irish origin. The mother was born in Mifflin county, and the father in Alle- gheny county. Their grandparents came from County Down, Ireland. John, who is the seventh in a family of fourteen children, was reared on a farm in Chippewa town- ship and attended the schools of his native township. Early in life he learned the car- penter's trade and followed it for thirty years. He subsequently worked in a bucket factory at Pallston for a time, then bought the flouring mills at that place, and conducted them for seventeen years; he then sold out and embarked in his present business; he was married, in Brighton township, March 27, 1851, to Sarah Ann, daughter of David and Mary (Lawrence) Kennedy, of Irish descent, the father at one time a commissioner of Beaver county. Mr. and Mrs. Herron have had ten children, nine of whom arc living: David K., now in Washington Territory; Mary, wife of Henry Moore; William, employed in a keg factory at Pallston; Frank, in a flouring mill here; Sarah, wife of William Moore; Walter and Elmer in the factory; Maggie J. and Clara. The mother died April 5, 1882, and Mr. Herron married, in ]i84, Elazan, daughter of Joseph C. BIOGRAPHIES WEST SIDE. 665- Herron. Mr. and Mrs. Herron are members of the United Presbyterian Church, of which he has been deacon and trustee. In politics he is a Republican. Henry Hicb. Judge Hice is of German parentage; his grandfather, Henry Hice,. was one of the pioneers of the Legonier Valley, Indiana county, Pa., and among the ear- liest to till the soil of that region . He was twice married ; William, a son by the first union, born in 1793, in the above county, having in 1823 removed to Allegheny county. Pa.,' where he engaged in the pursuits of a farmer. He married Hannah Eachal, of Beaver county, and became a resident of Hopewell township, in that county, in 1828. His chil- dren were Mary Ann, Catherine, Eliza, Sarah, Hannah, William and Henry, of whom Mary A. and Catherine are deceased. Henry, of this number, was born in Hopewell township on the 24th of January, 1834, and with the exception of two years has spent his life in the county of his birth. After preliminary instruction at the common schools he received an academic education, and in 1857 began the study of law with the late Col. Richurd P. Roberts, of Beaver. Immediately after his admission in June, 1859, he became associated with his preceptor as partner, and continued this relation until the death of the latter, at Gettysburg, during the late war, since which date Judge Hice has. continued in the practice of his profession. During the interval between 1871 and 1877 he resided at Beaver Palls, but in the latter year returned to his former home, having been appointed judge of the courts of the 36th Judicial District of Pennsylvania, which office he held until January, 1885, when his practice was resumed . ^Vhile evincing a commendable interest in local and public affairs this is the only office he has accepted. Judge Hice was, on the 3d of April, 1860, married to Ruth Ann Ralston, granddaughter of John Roberts, of the same county, and has four children. Mrs. Hice died in 1873, and he afterward married, July 25, 1877, Mrs. Sarah H. Minis, daughter of Chief-Jus- tice Agnew. J. F. HiLLMAN, farmer, P. O. Rock Point, was born in Allegheny county, Sept. 24, 1833. Frederick Hill man, his father, was born in Allegheny county, in 1801, removed to Beaver county in 1852, and purchased a farm of 130 acres. He was a well-to-do farmer,, and died in 1861; his wife Hannah (Wiley) bore him three children, two of whom are living. J. F., the second one, was reared a farmer, and has always followed that busi- ness. He purchased, in 1878, the farm of 135 acres where he lives. He also owns a fine farm in Lawrence county. Mr. Hillman was married, in 1860, to Isabella, daugh- ter of Samuel Blair, and they had four children: Ann Eliza (Mrs. Wilson), Martha Jane (Mrs. Hoffman), William F. and Samuel (deceased). Mr. Hillman isa prosperous farmer, and has an extensive dairy. He is a member of the Presbyterian church; politically, he is a Republican. Smiley Hites, farmer, P. O. Darlington, was born in South Beaver township, in 1818. His father, Anthony Hites, came from Germany, first locating in Washington county, and ^n after coming to Beaver county he bought fifty acres of land. He married Hester, daughter of Moses Dillon, and Smiley is the youngest of their eight children. The father died at the age of fifty years. Smiley has always been a farmer.. In 1852 he purchased his present farm of fifty acres, all of which is under cultivation. He was married, in 1845, to Elizabeth, daughter of Henry Veon, of this county, and they have had ten children, five of whom are living: Hiram, Milton, Anthony, Robert and Mary Josephine (Mrs. Keal). Mr. Hites now superintends the work on his farm, Robert^ the youngest son, doing the work. Mr. Hites is a member of the Methodist church; in polities, a Democrat. Thomas Hogan, farmer and fruit grower, P. 0. Beaver, was born in Ireland, in 1827, the eldest of the three children of Michael Hogan, who was a farmer in Ireland. He was reared on the farm in Ireland, and when eighteen years old came to America. After working on the railroad in Vermont and in Pittsburgh, he came, in 1857, to Beaver county, and was section boss on the railroad until 1870, since when he has been engaged in agricultural pursuits. His farm consists of seventy-three acres of land, where he now resides. He was married, in 1855, to Hanora, daughter of John Mullins. She is a. native of Ireland. Their children are Anna, Mary, Hannah, John, Thomas, James. 666 HISTOEY OF BEAVER COUNTY. and Rettie. The family are all members of the Catholic church. In politics Mr. Hogan is a Democrat. William H. Hoon, tin, copper and sheet iron manufacturer, Beaver Falls, was born in Butler county, Pa., Oct. 20, 1843, and is a son of James and Sarah (Bateman) Hoon. His paternal grandfather was Philip Hoou, of Easton, a pioneer of Beaver Falls; he removed to Mercer county and died there; he reared a family of twelve chil- dren: "William, John, Samuel, Wesley, Stewart, Hiram, Eliza, Sophronia, James, Philip, Margaret and Mary. Of these, James was bom in Beaver Palls in 1807. He was a shoemaker, and worked at his trade for many years at Zelienople, Butler county. He was justice of the peace there fifteen years, returned to Beaver Fal^s in 1872, and died there March 3, 1881. He had twelve children: John W., Elizabeth, George W.,' David H., Thomas J., Sarah J., James M., Ellen, William H., Margaret A., Joseph S., and Charles A. William H. was reared in Butler county, learned his trade in Peeks- kill, N. Y., and established his present business in 1867'. He has secured an extensive trade in this and adjoining counties. In 1863 he married Louisa, daughter of Captain Bennett Gilbert, of Peekskill, N. Y., by whom he has four children: W. Sherman, Lois P., Cliarles M. and Franklin H. Mr. Hoon is a P. & A. M. , and a member of the I. 0.0. F. and K. of P. Politically he is a Republican. Charlbs a. Hoon, grocer, P. O. Beaver Falls, was born in Zelienople, Butler county. Pa., Oct. 5, 1850, and is a son of James and Sarah (Bateman) Hoon. His pa- ternal grandfather was Philip Hoon, a native of Eastern Pennsylvania and a pioneer of what is now Beaver Falls. He reared a family of twelve children, of whom James, father of our subject, was the ninth child and seventh son. He was a native of Beaver Falls. In early manhood he moved to Butler county, Pa. , and was justice of the peace at Zelienople for fifteen years. He returned to Beaver Palls in 1872, where he died March 3, 1881. He had twelve children, of whom Charles A. is the youngest. Our subject was reared and educated in Butler county. He located in Beaver Falls in 1867, and worked as a tinsmith for twelve years. Oct. 16, 1879, he embarked in the grocery business in Beaver Falls, in which he has since successfully continued, being one of the leading grocers of the place. Oct. 6, 1874, he married Mary E. daughter of Thomas and Catlierine (Morrison) Leslie, of Beaver Falls, and has two children, Carrie and Howard. He is a member of the Methodist Protestant church; in politics a Republican. Cbarles Hos.mbr, D. D. S., Beaver Falls, is a native of Worcester, Mass., and a son of Benjamin G. and Maria (Stearns) Hosmer, of English-Irish descent. He came with his parents to Beaver Falls in 1869, and in 1874 began the study of dentistry with Dr. A. M. Whisler, of New Brighton, with whom he remained two years. He passed the state board of examination in 1878. In 1876 he began the practice of his profession in Beaver Falls, where he has since been located, and by bis scientific-skill has built up a large and lucrative practice, which is steadily increasing. When Dr. Hosmer located in Beaver Falls there were nine dentists there; now there are but five, of whom he is one of the principal, if not the leader in the professio.n. He believes in keeping up with the times, and has all the modern appliances used in his profession, including the new Richel Vulcanizer, for making artificial teeth in one-third less time than by any other process; and also extracts teeth without pain by any anses- thetic desired. By strict attention to business. Dr. Hosmer has made many friends in Beaver Falls and vicinity, and is considered one of the leading practitioners in Western Pennsylvania. He is an active P. & A. M. , member of the I. O. O. F. and Heptasophs; politicall}' he is a Republican. J. V. HouK, hatter, Beaver Falls, was born near Wurtemberg, Lawrence county. Pa., Feb. 20, 1858, and is a son of John C. and Elizabeth (Butler) Houk, who settled in New Brighton in 1867, where they now reside. Mr. Houk was reared and educated in New Brighton from twelve years of age. In 1874 he entered the store of E. Auten- reith as clerk, where he remained four years; then went to Allegheny City and entered the store of E. Semple, where he served in the same capacity until 1880. He then re- turned to Beaver county, and for four years was clerk in the store of Blumenthal & Co. BIOGEAPHIES — WEST SIDE. 667 Jan. 20, 1887, Mr. Houk embarked in Lis present business, and though established but a short time, he has a large and constantly increasing trade. J. T. HowARTH, proprietor of billiard parlors, Beaver Falls, was born in Oldham, Lancashire, England, July 29, 1858. His parents James and Martha (Holland) Howarth, ■came to America in 1859 and located in Fallston, this county. Our subject was reared and educated in Beaver county, and for eight years was in the employ of the Western File "Works. He has been engaged in his present business four years in Beaver Falls, opening the elegant parlors he now occupies Sept. 1, 1887. Hekry F. Howe, contractor and builder, Beaver Falls, was born in Fallston Feb. ■24, 1837, and is a son of Joseph and Belle (Williams) Howe. His paternal grandfather, John Howe,*a native of England and a bricklayer by trade, settled in Beaver Falls in 1830; he had six children: Joseph, Margaret (Mrs. William Horner), Ellis, Jane (Mrs. John Douthitt), Richard aid Ann (Mrs. James Scofleld). Joseph Howe was also a bricklayer, and for many years a resident of Fallston and Bridgewater. He erected many of the early brick buildings of Beaver Falls and New Brighton. His children Tvere Henry F., John, Carrie (Mrs. Henry F. Williams) and Joseph. Henry F. was reared in Fallston, and learned the bricklayer's trade in Cincinnati, Ohio. He worked as a journeyman until the breaking out of the war of the rebellion, when June 7, 1861, he enlisted in Company G, 6tli O. V. I.; was promoted to sergeant and honorably dis- charged June 22, 1864. In 1866 he located in Beaver Falls, where he has since followed Ms trade. In 1867 he became a contractor and builder, and in 1870 became associated with J. L. Harbison, under the firm name of Howe & Harbison. He married Sarah J., daughter of Adam Frazier, and has three children: Charles W. , Richard C. and Eliza- beth. Mr. Howe is a member of St. Mary's Episcopal Church, the I. O. O. F., G. A. R., A. O. U. W, and Veterans' Legion. Politically he is a Democrat. Jason Hott, farmer and fruit grower, P. O. Industry, was born in Columbiana •county, Ohio, April 18, 1835, son of John and Sophia (Stevens) Hoyt. Mrs. Hoyt's father was a native of Maryland, where she also was born, and where her grandfather and great-grandfather were slaveholders. Thomas Hoyt, the paternal grandfather of Jason, was a native of Lancaster county. Pa., and moved from there to Beaver county about 1790. He married Mary Fitzsimmons. Mr. and Mrs. John Hoyt had thirteen children, three of whom survive: Caroline, Jason and Jasper Jason was educated in the common schools, and since 1864 has resided on his present farm of seventy acres, where he makes a specialty of growing small fruits. He was married in 1862 to Lizzie, ■daugjiter of Nicholas and Isabel (Jamison) Beighey, and by her had seven children, four now living: Franklin, in Kansas; William, in Humboldt county, Cal.; Marshall and Plora, at home. Those deceased are Ella, Lizzie and Freeman (latter died in infancy). Mr. Hoyt has held several township oifices, among them those of supervisor, school "director and assessor. In politics he is a Republican . He and his wife are members of the United Brethren church, present pastor. Rev. Fulton. John Hulmes, coal merchant, Beaver Falls, was born in Lancashire, England, March 31, 1829, and is a son of John and Anna (Mort) Hulmes. He came to America in 1869 and located In Beaver Falls, where he began work as a coal miner in the mines of H. C. Patterson. He shortly afterward opened a coal bank for White & Shoemaker, which he operated for them until 1873, when he became sole proprietor and operated on his own account seven years, mining on an average 15,000 bushelsperyear. Heopened since three coal banks in Beaver Falls borough, which he sold in 1884. Mr. Hulmes came to Beaver Falls without a dollar, but by energy and perseverance has accumulated a competence. He has made fifteen voyages across the Atlantic, six since 1869. His mother came to this country in 1880, aged eighty years, and is no* a resident of Beaver Falls. His father was killed in England, in a coal pit, Aug. 30, 1873. Mr. Hulmes is a member of the Episcopal Church; was elected a member of the Board of Education in November, 1886; politically he is a Republican. J. Weston Hum, proprietor of the St. Cloud hotel, Bridgewater, was born Feb. 9, 1865, a son of J. W. and Margaret (Briggs)Hum. The mother was born in Massaohu- 668 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. setts. The father was born in Ohio, and was alone in the world from the time he was-- ten years old. Became to Beaver county and soon found steady employment on a steamboat. He learned the carpenter's trade and was employed at that work on the- boat for ten years, following the Ohio until 1849. . He then commenced to sell lightning rods, and met with great success. He was the principal mover in forming the North American Lightning Rod Company, at Philadelphia, in 1851. This company, which consists of four members, does all the manufacturing of lightning rods in the country. Our subject's father has full charge of the department at Pittsburgh, where he has carried on business for many years. He was married in Beaver county, and has five sons and -two daughters. J. Weston, the fourth child, was reared in Bridgewater.. At the age of fourteen he began to learn the blacksmith's trade, serving a regular apprenticeship, but has never worked at the trade since. He went on the road as- foreman of a gang of men in his father's employ in the lightning rod business. In 1887 he bought the St. Cloud hotel. Mr. Hum was married, Dec. 39, 1885, to Tillie, daugh- ter of John Hindman, a prominent farmer of Beaver county, and they have one child,. Ed. In politics Mr. Hum is a Democrat. He is a prominent member of the Bridge- water Pishing Club. P. C. Hum is the fifth of the seven children of J. W. and Margaret (Briggs) Hum. The former was a native of Ohio, and the latter of Massachusetts. He was born on the- 9th of January, 1867, and was reared in Beaver county, where he attended school. He subsequently attended the Beaver High School, then Iron City College, where he graduated in 1885. He is employed as a bookkeper in the city of Pittsburgh, taut still makes his home in Beaver county. "William C. Huntbk, farmer and stock grower, P. O. Beaver, was born in Brighton township, this county, July 14, 1831. His parents, William and Mary (Givan) Hunter,, were natives of Ireland. The father was a farmer and one of the early settlers in Brighton township. He was an orderly sergeant in the war of 1813. William C, the fifth of ten children and the eldest son, was reared on the farm and attended the common schools. His grandfather, John Hunter, Sr., came to Brighton township about 1800. Our fubjecfr has made farming his business, and has only been off the farm five years, when he lived in Bridgewater. He is the owner of 100 acres of land, where he now resides. He was- married, in 1860, to Mira, daughter of Joseph Moorhead, and born in this county. They have one child, Edna Dell. Mr. and Mrs. Hunter are members of the Presbyterian church, in which he is ruling elder. In politics he is a Republican, and has been school director and county auditor. John G. Hunter, merchant, Beaver Palls, was born in Brighton township, this county, June 13, 1833, and is a son of William and Mary (Given) Hunter. His paternal grandfather was John Hunter, a native of County Down, Ireland, who settled in Ohio township, this county, in 1803, where he lived and died. He had a family of nine children. William, after his marriage, settled in Brighton township, this county,, engaged in farming, and resided there until his death . His children were Nancy, Jane' Maria, Lucinda, William C, John G., Thomas B. and Margaret. John G. was reared in Brighton township and resided there until 1869, when he located in Beaver Palls and embarked in the mercantile business, which he has since successfully conducted July 3, 1863, he married Sarah M., daughter of Joseph and Martha (Johnson) Lawrence of South Beaver township, this county, and has two children living: Joseph L a clergy- man of the Presbyterian church, and John R. Mr. Hunter is a member of the Presby- terian church, the Royal Arcanum and A. O. U. W., and is a staunch Prohibitionist. Thomas B. Huntem, farmer and stock-grower, P. O. Beaver, was born on the- farm which he now owns in-Brighton, March 33, 1836, and is a son of William and Mary (Given) Hunter . His father was a farmer, and spent most of his life on the farm where Thomas B. now resides. Our subject was reared in Brighton township, attending the- common schools. He has made farming his business, and is the owner of 150 acres of land He was married in 1869, to Sarah J., daughter of John and Mary Ann (Laugh- Ian) Johnston, and they have five children: John C, William P., Mary A., Jennie- BIOGEAPHIES WEST SIDE. 669 Maud and Pearl. They are members of the Presbyterian church. Mr. Hunter is a Republican in politics, and has held most of the township offices, he was elected county commissioner in 1887. He enlisted in Company I, I40th Pennsylvania V. I., and became a non-commissioned officer; was in thirty-one regular battles, including Gettysburg, Spottsylvania, Chancellorsville and the battle of the Wilderness, and was wounded at Petersburg. He is a member of the G. A. R. Charles B . Hurst, late insurance agent, had an office at Beaver and one at Roch- ester, Pa. He was born in England, and was a son of William and Amelia (Parsons) Hurst. His father, who was a merchant, came to America in 1839 and settled in Beaver county, where he spent the remainder of his life. Charles B. , the eldest of seven chil- dren, was reared in Bridgewater and attended boarding schools. His first employment was as a clerk in the forwarding commission oflBceat Rochester, where he remained until 1863 when he obtained a position as clerk of a steamboat. He was on the water in dif- ferent capacities for twenty-one years, the last eight years as captain of a steamboat. In 1862, he embarked in the insurance business in which he successfully engaged till his death He represented some of the oldest and best known companies in the world, such as the ^tna and Phcenix, of Hartford, the Royal, of London, and many others. His residence was at Rochester, where he died Nov. 19, 1887. He was married at Roches- ter, in May, 1850, to Anna M., daughter of John S. and Mary (Lyons) Darragh. Her grandfather Lyons was captured by the Indians, and was kept in captivity for several years. Mr. and Mrs. Hurst had seven children: Ctarles, who is now in the insurance business and has an office at Rochester; William; Mary, wife of John Moulds; Henry and Alfred, living, and John and Robert, deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Hurst were members of the Episcopal church, of the vestry of which he had been a member. In polities he was a Democrat, and served as a member of the council in Rochester. He was a mem- ber of the I. O. O. F. , of the K. of P. and was a Sir Knight Templar. Alfrbd C. Hukst. AVilliam Hurst, the father of the subject of this biographical sketch, born Nov. i.7, 1804, emigrated from England in 1840, and located in Bridge- water, Beaver county. Here he established himself as a merchant, and until his death in 1879 was a resident of the place. He married, Dec. 18, 1828, Amelia Parsons, born Aug. 11, 1807, who resided in the suburbs of London, England, and had children: Charles B., John P.. Amelia P. (Mrs. John Blake), Alfred C, Ellen (deceased), Henry (who was killed during the civil war at the battle of Fair Oaks), N. Fetterman, and Sarah F. Mrs. Hurst still resides in Bridgewater, and in her eightieth year enjoys excep- tional health. Alfred C. Hurst was born Feb. 3, 1838, at Kingswood Hill, near Bris- tol, England, and came with his parents to America at the age of four years. His whole life since that event has been passed in Bridgewater, where he first attended the common schools of the place, and finished his education at Coulter's Academy, Richmond, Ohio. His first business experience was in connection with a clerkship on the steamers " Con- voy "and " Rocket," plying beiween Pittsburgh and other points on the Ohio river. Later he entered nis father's store, of which he in 1863 became sole proprietor, and has since that time been extensively engaged in the retail dry goods and carpet trade. He is largely identified with the interests of the county of his residence, and is director of the First National Banks of Rochester and of Beaver, director of the Rochester Pottery Company, limited; of the Union Street Railway Company; president of the Equitable Building and Loan Association Number Two; director of the Equitable Building and Loan Association Number One; and of the Bridgewater Building Association. Mr. Hurst was married, Oct. 23, 1867, to Mary O . , daughter of David Greer, of Pittsburgh, and their children were Vida, Alfred C, Jr., Frank L., Cory May (deceased), Harry H., Oliver, Eugene, Lawrence B. and William R. Mr. Hurst has been for several years, school director and councilman, and since 1875 treasurer of the school board of Bridge- water. He is an active Mason and member of Rochester Lodge No. 229 of that order and of Eureka Chapter No. 167, of Rochester. James Milton Imbbie, son of Rev. David Imbrie, was born near Greersburg, Beaver county, March 9, 1816. His grandfather, James Imbrie, was a native of Glasgow, 37 670 HISTORY OF BBAVEE COUNTY. Scotland, and emigrated to America about 1760, landing in New York. There he re- mained several years ; was married and engaged in business as a merchant in New York and Philadelphia. During the revolutionary war he was arrested by British spies or officers for having an American gun or rifle among his stock of goods' and was imprisoned. His wife appealed to Gren. Howe, whose sympathies she won, and obtained her husband's release. In 1787 he returned to his native country, Scot- land, and there remained about ten years. He returned to America and located in Philadelphia, where he was engaged in commercial trade. He was then quite wealthy, but the loss of some vessels at sea injured his fortune ; fortunately, however, he had money enough left to continue business. Not being able to compete successfully with others after his losses, he sold out and removed to Payette county. Pa., and from there to Frankfort Springs, Beaver county, where he engaged in business as a drover. He died at the age of seventy years, leaving a family of fourteen children. Three of his sons settled in Beaver county, where some of their descendants still remain. David, his eldest son, was born in New York in 1777, and received a classical education at Glasgow University. He studied theology under Dr. John Anderson, of Frankfort Springs, and was licensed by the Associate church when twenty-seven years of age. In 1805 he settled in Big Beaver township, then a thinly settled region, covered with dense forests, near the town of Greersburg ( now Darlington ), and here, for forty years, was engaged in the work of the ministry. He married Jane Reed, daughter of David Reed, of Cannonsburgh, Washington couhty, Pa. He had three sons and four daughters. On the 12th of June, 1842, while on his way to church, he had a stroke of apoplexy, of which he died, aged sixty-flve years. James Milton, the youngest son, was born on the farm where he now resides, and, with the exception of three years, has always lived there. He received his education at the Greersburg Academy. Mr. Imbrie has a farm of 100 acres, where he resides, the greater part of which he cleared with his own hands. He also owns one in Darlington township. He has been very successful as a farmer ; starting with nothing, he has by industry and economy accumulated a farmer's fortune. His farms are always kept in good repair. For a number of years he has been engaged in wool growing, and so successful has he been in this, that his wool is known far and near to be the best grown in that section of country. He married Clarinda, daughter of Samuel Jackson, of Darlington, and he has three children, one daughter and two sons. He gave his family a good education, his sons being both graduates of Washington and Jefferson college. The youngest son, Addison M., is an attorney at law, a partner of the firm of Marshalls & Imbrie, counselors at law, Pittsburgh, Pa. The other, William J., is at home assisting his father keeping up the farms and taking care of the sheep. Both sons have the industrious habits of their father, and are well respected by their neighbors. Mr. Imbrie is now in his seventy-second year, and enjoys good health. He is a member of the Reformed Presbyterian church; in politics a Republican. R. S. Imbrie, real estate and insurance agent, Beaver, was born in Big Beaver township, this county, Aug. 13, 1831, and is a son of John and Nancy (Rankin) Imbrie, natives of Pennsylvania and of Scotch descent, former of whom was a farmer and tan- ner. John Imbrie's family consisted of ten children, six of whom are living, R. S. being the third. Our subject was reared in Big Beaver township, on the farm, and attended the Darlington Academy, his earliest life being spent in agricultural pursuits. He sub- sequently taught school, and afterwards embarked in mercantile business in Frank- lin county. Pa. In 1861 he removed to Darlington, where he remained until 1865, when he came to Beaver, where he has since resided. The first twelve years spent in Beaver he was engaged in the sewing machine business, most of the time as a general agent. In this he met with financial success, starting in 1865, when the profits to agents were almost as much as the price of a machine now. He was married in Beaver county in 1859, to Nannie E., daughter of William Scott, and of Scotch-Irish descent. She is a sister of John M. Scott, clerk of the courts of Beaver county. Mr. and Mrs. Imbrie's children are J. Maurice, Nannie S., Nettie, Mabel, Grace and Jessie. They are mem- bers of the United Presbyterian church. Mr. Imbrie has been an elder and assistant BIOGRAPHIES — WEST SIDE. 6Y1 ■Sabbath-school superintendent; is now teacher of the Bible class, and is at present superintendent of the Sunday-school in the U. P. church. He is a Republican. John W. Inman, merchant, Cannelton, was born in this county in 1840. His grandfather, Henry Inman, came from east of the Allegheny mountains, and was one of the first to settle west of the Ohio river. He died at the age of ninety years. He had three sons and two daughters. The eldest son, Abraham, married Elizabeth Thatcher, and by her had seven children, of whom JohnW. is tlie eldest son. Abraham was reared ■to agricultural pursuits, was a cabinet maker by trade, and afterward a farmer. He died on ills farm of 17.5 acres near the headwaters of Brady's run, aged seventy-six years. John W. was reared on the home farm, and remained there until twenty-two years of age. He was married in 1863 to Hannah Y., daughter of William Edwards, and they have seven children : William G., Elizabeth, Clyde Maud, William Henry, Harrie, Ray- mond and Leland. Mr. Inman learned the carpenter's trade, which he followed for thirty-two years. Since 1885 he has been a merchant at Cannelton, where he is also postmaster. He is a member of the Baptist church; politically a Democrat . Nelson Inman, carpenter and painter, Fallston, was born in Chippewa township. His parents, Abraham and Elizabeth (Thacker) Inman, were natives of Beaver county and of English and German origin . The father and grandfather were farmers, the latter A soldier in the war of 1812 in Captain Henry's Company. The family were among the earliest settlers of Beaver county, and were here when the Indians were numerous in the vicinity. Oar subject's uncle was killed by the Indians in that township. Nelson, who is the sixth in a family of eight children, was reared in Chippewa township, and early in life learned the carpenter's trade, afterward taking up painting. He now works at both trades and resides in the borough of Fallston, where he has a neat and substantial resi- dence. In 1861 he enlisted in the 134th Regiment P. V., in Company I. He was in several battles, among them being Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville and Antietam, and was honorably discharged at the close of the war. Returning home he went to the oil regions of Pennsylvania and Virginia, and engaged in drilling wells for six years. For :five years he was at Burning Springs, W. Va. Returning to Beaver county he followed farming for a time, and since 1872 has worked at his trade. He was married, in 1867, to Elizabeth Jane, daughter of Thomas and Nancy (Ayers) Small. Mr. Inman is a Democrat in politics and has served as school director . He is a member of the I. 0.0. F. lodge and encampment. John D. Ikons, sheriff, Beaver, was born in Hopewell township, this county, Feb. ■31, 1840, and is a son of William and Hannah (Dickson) Irons, natives of Lowellville, ■Ohio, and of Scotch Irish descent. The father was born in 1814, is a farmer, and resides in Hopewell township. The grandfather, Solomon Irons, came to Beaver county in 1807, and settled in Hopewell township. He was also a tiller of the soil. John D., the second in the family, was reared on the farm, received his education in the district ■school, and chose agriculture as his occupation. Aug. 17, 1862, he enlisted in Com- pany A, Pennsylvania Cavalry, serving as commissary sergeant and sergeant-major for several months; was in the battle of Gettysburg, and served until the close of the war. On his return home he resumed farming, which he continued until 1884, when he was ■elected sheriff of Beaver county, which office he still holds. He was married, in 1861, to Josephine H., daughter of George and Eliza Ann (Harper) Nevin, who are of Scotch- Irish descent. Mr. and Mrs. Irons have four children: Eva, Georgia M., William H. -and Samuel C. The family are members of the United Presbyterian church. Mr. Irons is a comrade in the G. A. R. ; in politics he is a Republican. William J. Jackson, contractor and builder, Beaver Falls, was born in Moon township, April 9, 1851, and is a son of Thomas and Melinda (Alcorn) Jackson. His paternal grandfather, James Jackson, a native of Ireland, settled in Industry township about 1810. He was a farmer by occupation and served in the war of 1812. He resided in North Sewickley township for several years, and died there at the age of eighty- two. His children were Robert, James, Thomas, Orville, Sharp and Margaret J. Mx. Jackson's maternal grandfather, William Alcorn, was a farmer of Moon township. 672 HISTORY or beaver county. Thomas Jackson is a farmer, and resides in Moon township. His children are William J., Lizzie, John O. and Thomas S. William J. was reared in Moon township, learned the carpenter's trade, and located in Beaver Falls in 1879, where he worked at his trade until 1883, when he commenced his present business. In 1875 he married Maggie E., daughter of James and Nellie (Nelson) Stone, of Slipperyrock township, Lawrence county. Pa., and they have four children: Lizzie L., Maggie V. , Robert S. and Mary Adell. Mr. Jackson is a member of the I. O. O. F.; in politics a Democrat. John S. Jackson, physician, Beaver Falls, was born in North gewickley township, April 15, 1853, and is a son of James and Esther (Aiken) Jackson. His paternal grand- father was James Jackson, a farmer of North Sewickley township, and a son of James Jackson, a pioneer of that township. Mr. Jackson's mother was a native of Ireland, her father being one of the early settlers of North Sewickley. John S . was educated in the North Sewickley Academy, and Mt. Union College, Ohio. He began the study of medicine in 1879 with Dr. Joseph Rhodes, of Lawrence county. Pa., entered the medical department of the Baltimore University in 1883, and was graduated in 1886. He passed examination the same year at Jefferson Medical College and located in Beaver Falls, where he began the practice of his profession . Though but recently established, ne has a large practice. He was married. May 13, 1887, to Zelie, daughter of Henry Mentz, of Zelienople, Butler county. Pa. Mr. Jackson is a member of the I. O. O. P. David Johnson, county commissioner, Fallston, was born in Butler county, Pa., April 26, 1819, and is a son of Thomas and Elizabeth (Shanor) Johnson, former born in Maryland and latter in Pennsylvania. The father came to Beaver county in 1836. He was a manufacturer and dealer in sawed lumber in Fallston. David is the fourth in a family of eight children. He attended school in his native town and in Fallston, and also John English's select school in Beaver. Early in life he entered a saw-mill and worked from 1833 until 1844; then went into a bucket shop at Fallston as foreman and continued until 1866, from which year till 1882 he was foreman for Miner & Co.'s saw- mill at Fallston, and then was elected county commissioner, which office he has since held. He has been a member of the Republican party since its inception; served as justice of the peace six years, has been school director and a member of the council of Fallston. Mr. Johnson was married, Dec. 38, 1843, to a daughter of Jacob and Sarah Covert, which union has been blessed with the following named children: Jacob M.j Sarah J., wife of J. H. Dean, of Ohio; Rufus P.; Thomas P.; Lydia E., wife of J. S. Mitchell, of Beaver Falls; Charles F.; George Albert; D. R., now in the government printing office at Washington, D. C; H. W., in Ohio; Mary Ida, the wife of John W. Pontifract, of Pittsburgh, Pa., and Edwin L. There has been as yet no death in the family. Mr. and Mrs. Johnson are members of the Methodist Episcopal church, of which he is class leader. He is a member of the I. O. O. F., and has been through all the chairs, and served as district deputy to the Grand Lodge. He is the oldest member of Lodge 450. Andbew Johnson, farmer, P. O. Darlington, was born in 1834, in the township of South Beaver. Among the earliest settlers of South Beaver township was Andrew Johnson, who came from Westmoreland county. Pa., in 1790. He was extensively engaged in farming and the purchase and sale of land, having at one time 1,000 acres. He married a Calgore, who bore him ten children. He died in 1849, having lived to a ripe old age. Francis, the fourth child born to Andrew and his wife, died in 1840, aged forty-seven, and his wife in 1879, aged seventy -one. Andrew, our subject, was reared on the farm purchased by his grandfather, and has always been a farmer . He purchased his present home in 1850, consisting of 114 acres. He was married, in 1861, to Ruth Newill, daughter of John and Sarah Newill, of Ohio, and they have had four children: Llewellyn (deceased), Estella, Ora N. and Minerva. Mr. Johnson has been successful in his chosen occapation, having one of the finest homes in South Beaver township. He is a Democrat. Capt. James H. Johnson, miller, P. O. Ohioville, was born near Ohioville, Beaver co\inty. Pa., Sept. 26, 1840, the fourth of seven children of Matthew and Elizabeth BIOGEAPHIES WEST SIDE. 6Y3 (Laughlin) Johnson. His father, a son of James Johnson, who was a native of Penn- sylvania and one of the early settlers of this county, was born in this county, in 1806, where he followed farming and for several years was engaged in shipbuilding. His mother was a native of Lancaster, Pa., born in 1810. Jlatthew Johnson was the second eldest of a family of three sons and three daughters, of whom two, Rebecca and John, live in Ohio township, Beaver county; Ann and Samuel live at Meadville, Pa.; Eliza is deceased. He died in 1879; his widow is still living. The subject of this sketch spent his youth and school days in Ohio township, and at the age of nineteen went to Jackson county, Ind., where he taught school until April 18, 1861, at which time he enlisted in Company H, 6th Regiment Indiana Infantry, and was at once engaged in the battles of Laurel Hill and Carrick's Ford, W. Va. ; was discharged Aug. 13, and re-enlisted Oct. 7, 1861, In Company K, 50th Regiment Indiana Infantry. Aug. 30, 1862, he was taken prisoner by Gen. Morgan at Gallatin, Tenn. ; was exchanged in November, and sent to Jackson, Tenn. Dec. 31, 1862, he was in the battle of Parker's Cross Roads: In June, 1863, he was promoted to second lieutenant, and soon after was sent to Helena, Ark., and placed in the Seventh Army Corps under Maj.-Gen. Fred Steele. On the 10th of September, 1863, this corps captured Little Rock, Ark., and soon after went into winter quarters at Loulsburg. In the spring of 1864 he was in the Red River campaign, and for twenty days, from April 1st, they fought nearly every day; April 26th they made a retreat from Camden, Ark., but were overtaken, and fought the battle of Jenkin's Ferry, where Brlg.-Gen. S. A. Rice, the captain of Company K, Richard McCowick and our subject, were among the many wounded. The captain returned home and Mr. Johnson remained in charge of the company although unfit to be on duty. Notwith- standing their condition and limited supply of food they began the march to Little Rock, and were seven days without food. In December, 1864, Mr. Johnson was pro- moted to captain and assigned to Company C, 50th Regiment Ind. Veterans; after- ward went to New Orleans, crossed the Gulf of Mexico, and on March 27, 1865, to April 9, fought day and night at the siege of Spanish Fort, Ala. In May, 1865, at Montgom- ery, Ala., the regiment was consolidated with the 52d Regiment of Veterans: discharged Sept. 10 at Montgomery, Ala., and mustered out Sept. 19, 1865, at Indianapolis, Ind., making a service of over four years and two months, when our subject returned to Beaver county. In the fall of 1869 he went to Mason county, W. Va., where he taught school until the fall of 1879, when he returned to Ohio township, and erected a saw and grist mill, which he has since operated. He is also proprietor of the Gas-Light Poultry Yards, where he is engaged in breeding high classed poultry. While in West Virginia, about 1876, he was licensed to preach by the Mission Baptist church, of which he and his wife are members. In May, 1871, he returned to Indiana and married Mary Storey, daughter of Stephen and Elizabeth (Brewer) Storey, born Feb. 19, 1858. Three chil- dren resulted from this union: Elizabeth Jane, Olivia Ann and Charles Matthew, all at home. Mr. Johnson has been elected by the Republican party to the oflSces of assessor, constable and collector, and now holds the last named offices. F. A. JuDD, teacher, Darlington, was born in Cleveland, Ohio, Oct. 14, 1849, and is a son of Albert S. and Jennette Pope Judd; his ancestors were of Scotch origin. He was educated at the Rectory school, Camden, Conn., and at Clark's Academy, Canan- daigua, N. Y. He was married, in 1870, to Alice, daughter of Thomas C. Floyd, of Cleveland, Ohio, and their children were Albert F., William P., Thomas E. (deceased), Howard L. and Louisa J. Mr. Judd began the study of law with Hon. W. C. McFar- land, of Cleveland, Ohio, in 1867, and was admitted to the bar in 1870. He came to Beaver county in 1872; he has taught in the public schools eight terms. From 1884 to 1886 he was assistant teacher in the academy, and in December of the latter year he was elected principal. He is a member of the Presbyterian church; in political preference a Republican. Jacob Keller, glass mould maker, Beaver Falls, was born in Pittsburgh, July 15, 1850, and is a son of Jacob and Dora ^Ammon) Keller, who came from Germany in 1843, and settled in Pittsburgh. Jacob was reared in that city, and served an appren- 674 HISTOEY OF BEAVER COUNTY. ticeship of four years (1865-1869) at his trade with Andrew Thompson, after which he worked for McKee Bros. , for tea years. In 1879 he located in Beaver Palls, and became one of the founders of the Cooperative Flint Glass Company, where he has since been employed. In 1874 he married Minnie, daughter of John Heil, of Pittsburgh, by whom he has four children: William, Lillie, Florence and Albert. He is a member of the board of directors of the Cooperative Flint Glass Works Company; politically he is a Democrat. R. S. Kennedy, editor of the Star, Beaver, was born in this county April 7, 1841, a son of William A. and Rosa (Shannon) Kennedy, natives of Pennsylvania and of Scotch-Irish descent. His father, who is a prominent farmer residing in Independence township, this county, had one son and one daughter, R. S. being the eldest. Our sub- ject was reared on the farm in Independence township, and attended the common schools and Beaver Academy. He studied medicine, graduated from Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, in 1856, and was engaged in the practice of his profession in Beaver county for ten years. Afterward he carried on the drug business in New Brighton for one year, ami Oct. 5, 1877, he engaged in his present business, in which he has been very successful. April 7, 1874, he was married to Mary A., daughter of David Patton, of English descent, and two children have been born to them: Owen and Ola. Mrs. Kennedy is a member of the Presbyterian church. In politics Mr. Kennedy is a Democrat. William W. Kerr, bookkeeper, Beaver Falls, was born in Freedom, this county, June 33, 1833, and is a son of Thomas G. and Grizzy H. (McCurdy) Kerr. His paternal grandfather was Nathaniel Kerr, of Scotch-Irish descent, a soldier of the war of 1813 and a pioneer farmer of this county; he reared a family of three children: Thomas G. , Mary A. (Mrs. Thomas Crooks), and Nathaniel P. Of these Thomas G., a blacksmith by trade, lived and died in this county. He had three children who grew to maturity: William W., Rev. Nathaniel P. and Mary (Mrs. George McCaskey). The maternal grandfather of our subject was William McCurdy, a pioneer of Brighton township, this county. William W. was reared and educated in Freedom, where he learned the trade of ship carpenter, which he followed from 1849 until 1877. Since then he has been a bookkeeper. He located in 1886 in Beaver Falls, where he has since resided. In 1856 he married Nancy J., daughter of Thomas and Abigail Devenney, of New Brighton, this county, and by her has four children: ThomasC, Olive S., Mary M. and Myra E. Mr. Kerr is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church; he is a F. & A. M. ; in politics a Republican. John Kirkpatrick, farmer and stock grower, was born on the farm where he now resides, in Brighton township, Oct. 20, 1838, and is a son of Alexander and Jenney ' (Noss) Kirkpatrick, former a native of Countv Antrim, Ireland, latter of Pennsylvania. Alexander Kirkpatrick commenced farming in 1823, when he first came from Ireland, in Maryland, and the next year moved to Beaver county. In early life he studied en- gineering and surveying. He was married in 1833 in Beaver county, and died in 1838, three months before John was born. John attended the common schools, and chose farming for his occupation. In early life he taught school for three winters. His sis- ters, Eliza J., and Mary, are both at home and attend to keeping the house. Mr. Kirk- patrick is a Republican; he has been constable and assessor five years, and township treasurer and clerk nine years. Jacob Klein, dealer in flour, feed, and farming implements, Beaver Falls, was born in Marion township, Beaver county, March 9, 1860, and is a son of Jacob and Elizabeth (Blinn) Klein, natives of Germany, and residents of Beaver county for over thirty years. They now reside in Pulaski township and have three children; Jacob, Charles, and Mary. Jacob came to Beaver Palls in 1884, and engaged in butchering one year. In 1885 he embarked in his present business, and is having a large and successful trade. In February, 1886, he married Annie, daughter of Conrad Zahn, of Pulaski, and has one child, Charles Theodore. Mr. Klein is a member of the Junior Order United Amer- ican Mechanics; politically he is a Democrat. BIOGRAPHIES — WEST SIDE. 676 Amos Knight, farmer, P. O. Industry, was born on the farm where he nowresldes, Feb. 15, 1838, and is a son of David and Elizabeth (Mason) Knight, natives of Pennsyl- vania, former of whom was a son of John Knight, of German descent. Mrs. Elizabeth Knight's father, George Mason, was a native of Pennsylvania, and he and John Knight were among the first settlers of Beaver county. David and Elizabeth Knight had thir- teen children, six of whom yet survive: Louis (in Industry township), Amos, Emanuel, Cynthia, Elmira and Elizabeth. Amos was married April 30, 1863, to Matilda, daughter of Michael and Ella Mason, and they have had five children, three now living: Thomas J., David J., and Mary V., all at home. Mr. Knight was educated in the common schools of his native township, and has been a successful farmer. He owns 173 acres of well-improved land. In polities he is a Democrat. Mrs. Knight is a member of the United Brethren church. Martin L. Kmgiit, superintendent of schools, Beaver Palls, was born in Industry township Sept. 33, 1837. and is a son of Richard and Elizabeth (Ewing) Knight, former a native of Adams county, and latter of Huntingdon county, Pa. His paternal grand- father was John Knight, who settled in Industry (then Ohio) township in 1809. His children were Mary (Mrs. Archibald Seabrooks), Jacob, John, Daniel, Richard, David, Catherine (]Mrs. Charles Bevington), Elizabeth (Mrs. Samuel Biddle), Susan (Mrs. John McLaughlin) and Rebecca (Mrs. Simeon Mason). Mr Knight's maternal grandfather, Samuel Ewing, a native of Ireland, settled in Industry (then Ohio) township in 1803. Richard Knight was a pioneer of Industry township, where he resided until his death in 1868. He was a soldier of the war of 1813. His wife died in 1879 at Beaver Palls. The children who grew to maturity were Nancy (Mrs. George Rich), Maria (Mrs. James Alcorn), Lucinda (Mrs. Mason Bevington) and Martin Ij. The latter was edu- cated in the public and select schools of his native town and Beaver Academy. From 1856 until 1863 he taught in common schools, and in 1863 was elected principal of the Bridgewater public school, remaining one year. From 1867 until 1873 he taught in the graded school of Industry township, and in 1873 was elected county superintendent ^f schools for a term of three years. In August, 1877, he located in Beaver Falls, where he has been principal of the public schools until the present time (1888). In 1881 he was elected borough superintendent of schools for a term of three years; re-elected in 1884, and again in 1887. Mr. Knight was married Oct. 1, 1863, to Virginia C, daugh- ter of Jeremiah and Elizabeth (Fawcett) Gardner, of Industry township, and by her he has two children: Lulu N. and Byrd C. Mr. Knight was one of the projectors of the Beaver Valley Street Railway Company, of which he has been President since Sept. 17, 1884. John Koesslek, blacksmith, Beaver Falls, was born in France, March 83, 1841, and is a son of John and Catherine Koessler, who came to America in 1844 and settled in Pittsburgh, where John was reared and learned his trade. He has worked in a glass house since he was ten years of age, with the exception of three years that he was in the army. He enlisted in 1861, in Co. L. , P. V. I. under Col. Gary, being afterward transferred to the 147th P. V., and was honorably discharged at the expiration of his service. In 1879 he located in Beaver Falls, and was one of the organizers of the Co- operative Glass Company, in which he has since been interested as a stockholder, and served one year on the board of directors. His wife was Elizabeth, a daughter of Frank Pates of Pittsburgh, by whom he has five sons: John, Edward, George, Henry, and Frank. Mr. Koessler is a member of the Catholic church; in politics he is inde- pendent. Lawrence Konkbl and his brother Michael Konkel sel!tled in South Beaver township, Beaver county, in the year 1797, on a 400 acre tract of land, and divided it between-them equally. They came from Westmoreland county, Pa., and were of German descent. A family of children were born to Michael, among the eldest being John, a farmer, who married Mary, daughter of John Cline, of Ohio. Eleven children were born to this couple, Michael being among the youngest. John died in 1862, aged sixty-seven years. Michael was born and reared on the farm he now owns, and contains 165 acres, nearly 676 HISTOET OF BEAVEE COUNTT. all Of which is under cultivation. He received a common-school education. In 1853 he married Margaret, daughter of Andrew Ferney, of Ohio, and three children were born to them, one only surviving, J. E., who was born on his grandfather s farm and has always lived there. He was married in 1879 to Miss M. E. Badders, daughter of George Badders. of this county, and has one child, William H. Michael has always taken a special interest in farming, but has given way to his son, J. E., who successfully super- intends the work. He is a member of the Presbyterian church. Philip Kuckbkt, glass packer, Beaver Falls, was born in Germany May 1, 1843, and is a son of Peter and Kate Kuckert, who came to America in 1846 and settled m Pittsburgh. Philip was reared in that city, came to Beaver Falls in 1879, and became one of the organizers of the Cooperative Flint Glass Works, of which he is a stock- holder and where he has since been employed; his wife was Sarah, daughter of Lewis Wiegei of Pittsburgh, and by her he has four children: Emma, Laura Albert and Charles. Mr. Kuckert is a member of the A. O. U. W; in politics he is a Republican. Henbt Kurtz, iron moulder, Beaver Falls, was born in Germany March 9, 1850, and is a son of Adam and Anna (Bittner) Kurtz, also natives of Germany, who came to America in 1849, locating in Westmoreland county, and later moving to Allegheny county Pa., where they now reside. Henry was reared and educated in Allegheny City, and learned his trade with Alexander Bradley, of Pittsburgh, where he served an apprenticeship of three years. Since 1869 he has worked as a iourneyman in various sections of the country, in the meantime serving as manager of the A. F. Wolf Stove Foundry, Beaver Falls, three years, and manager of Martin's Ferry, Ohio, Stove Works eighteen months. He has been a resident of Beaver Falls since 1880, and is now in the employ of the Howard Stove Company as journeyman iron moulder. He is liberal in religious views, is a member of the Iron Moulder's Union, Royal Arcanum and Improved Order Red Men. In politics he is a Republican. General Abnbr Lacook. Concerning a once prominent man in Pennsylvania Charles Lauman, in his Biographical Annals of the Civil Government of the United States, says, in 1876; " Abnbr Lacock. Born in Virginia in 1770. Without the advantage of much early education, he raised himself by his talents to eminence as a legislator, statesman and civilian. He filled various public stations for a period of nearly forty years; was a representative in congressfrom Pennsylvania from 1811 to 1813, and United States Senator from 1813 to 1819. He died in Beaver county, Pennsylvania, April 13, 1837." This brief paragraph contains the germ of a biography rich with important les- sons and fraught with hopeful encouragement to the struggling genius of this, a more highly favored age. The subject of this sketch, known in his day as General Abner Lacock, was born on Cub Run, near Alexandria, Va., July 9, 1770, his father being English, his mother French. When Abner was quite young he removed with his father and settled upon a farm in Washington county, Pa., but in 1796 he became a citizen and one of the early settlers of what is now the town of Beaver. Sept. 19, 1796, he received from Governor Thonlas Mifflin, a commission as justice of the peace for Pitt township, Allegheny county, and thus was the first justice in what aftei-ward became Beaver county. The signal ability and natural justice, exhibited by him in this oflBce, commended him to his fellow citizens, who, in 1801, elected him the first representative to the state legislature. This position he held until 1803, when he was, at the organization of the county, selected as one of the associate judges.* In this capacity he served but a year when his constit- uents calling him to serve them in the house of representatives of his adopted state for four consecutive sessions. In 1808 he was chosen to represent the counties of Allegheny, Beaver and Biitler in the state senate, a position he filled with ability and credit and to the satisfaction of the people. But a higher sphere of usefulness was to open to him. Hon. William Henry in an able article on Gen. Abner Lacock, published in the Western Argus f 01 April 19, 1837, says: *The first court held in Beaver county, commencing- Feb. 6, 1804, was lield at the house of Abner Lacock, at that time one of the innkeepers of Beaver. BIOGRAPHIES — WEST SIDE. 677 " la 1810 the questiou of a war with Great Britain agitated tlie country in every quar- ter, and the strong feeling of Indignation in the minds of the people against the usurpa- tions of tliat government, the repeated insults she had cast upon our flag, impressing our seamen, and crippling our commerce, brought many men of high character and talent Into the national councils, and among them was Abner Laoock. The people of his dis- trict called him out as the War Candidate, and secured his election by a triumphant majority. His friends were not deceived in their expectations. In congress he tooli a bold stand for war measures, and in that period of gloom and despondency, stood firmly by the Democratic administration of James Madison in the noble effort to sustain the ■character and independence of the Republic, and the rights of our citizens. While in the house he took part in the proceedings on most questions of public policy, and at all times showed forth with good effect the natural sound sense and statesmanlike views of his strong and vigorous mind. In that body he possessed great influence, and with the chief magistrate to an extraordinary degree. So honoral)ly had he acquitted himself in the house, that in the spring of 1813, the legislature of Pennsylvania, with great unani- mity, elected him a senator of the United States, which station he filled with credit and ability for six years. During all this time, when not called from heme in the public service, with true Republican plainness, like Cincinnatus of old, he followed the plow, and tilled the soil witli laborious assiduity, attending steadily to all the duties of an American farmer; at the same time endeavoring by observation and extensive reading to make up for the want of an early education." General Lacock served in the National House of Representatives during the Twelfth Congress, and in the National Senate during the Thirteenth, Fourteenth and Fifteenth Congresses. His friendship for Madison and Monroe was as strong as his dislike for Andrew Jackson was intense. During the closing year of his senatorial career he was a member of the committee which investigated General Jackson's conduct in the Semi- nole war, and was the authorof the report which severely criticised the hero of Orleans. It is said that General Jackson felt the rebuke so keenly that he declared he would, the first opportunity he liad, cut Lacock's ears off. General Lacock tarried in Washington several days for the purpose of giving the irate Indian fighter an opportunity to execute his threat, but was not disturbed, being permitted to leave with his ears of natural size. General Lacock was a favorite with men of national character. On one occasion Henry Clay called him' to occupy the speaker's chair during the discussion of an impor- tant question, a worthy compliment to a "new member." When Mr. Clay was pass- ing down the Ohio in 1847, he stopped at Beaver Point, where he made a brief address in which he stated that he had long known Beaver county through its representatives in Congress. Said he: " I remember well Abner Lacock, who stood shoulder to shoulder with me and others before and during the late war with Great Britain, than whom Penn- sylvania never produced a better and very few abler men." He was specially active in all movements that looked toward internal improvements. Shortly after his retirement from the United States senate, he entered actively into a scheme for joining the waters of the Delaware and the Ohio by a state line of canals and railroads. On the 11th of April, 1825, five commissioners were chosen to make this preliminary survey, consisting of as follows: John Sergeant, William Darlington, David Scott, Robert M. Patterson and Abner Lacock. The latter, a member of the Board of Commissioners, was chosen to supervise the construction of the west division of the canal from Pittsburgh to Johnstown. Under his direction, mainly, this division was built, and as a compliment, the first canal boat west of the Allegheny mountains was called the " General Abner Lacock." He was subsequently chosen a commissioner to survey and construct the Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal, generally known as the " Cross Cut Canal," joining the Erie Division of the Pennsylvania Canal with the Ports- mouth and Ohio Canal. This occurred in 1836, the year prior to his death. General Lacock's devotion to common-school education was so sincere and earnest, that he is justly ranked as standing on an equal footing as a champion of popular education with Governor Wolf and Thaddeus Stevens. General Lacock was of average height, compactly built and well proportioned. He ■svas was strong and athletic. With brown hair, blue eyes and ruddy complexion, he 678 HISTORY OF BEATBK COiraTY. was a man who strongly Impressed those with whom he mingled. His social life was pleasant and happy, his wife being gifted with strong intelligence and great business tact. She ably managed his affairs it his absence. The death of General Lacock occurred April 12, 1837, at the age of sixty-five years, nine months and three days. He was one of Beaver county's most noted and highly respected citizens, whose impress upon the destiny of the county was most marked. His family was as follows: Bethsheba (Lacock) Pentland, Wife of Judge Ephraim Pent- land; Atlas E. Lacock; Minerva (Lacock) Reno, a widow in her ninety first year, still living in Rochester and receiving a pension of the war 1813 (she and the widow of Atlas E. Lacock are the only pensioners of the war of 1813 receiving their stipends from the government through the office of T. M. Taylor, Esq., Rochester); Caroline (Lacock) Bousman; Adelaide (Lacock) Linton ; and Abner P. Lacock, who died April 30, 1888. One of the sons died a cadet at West Point, on the 15th of October, 1818. W. A. Laird, contractor, P. O. Beaver, was born in Brighton township, this county, May 27, 1833, and is a son of Josiah and Jane (Anderson) Laird, former a native of Washington county, latter of Chester county, and both of Scotch-Irish descent. His grandfather, William, and father came to Beaver county in 1810, and settled in Brighton. His father died in 1855. He had five children, of whom W. A. is the third. Our sub- ject was reared in Beaver borough; his educational advantages being limited, and early in life he began to learn the trade of a house plasterer. He served an apprenticeship of four years. He was then ready to start for himself, but had not a dollar in the world. He took a contract to plaster a house and was to take his pay all out of the store. He made arrangements with the man he was boarding with to take part of the goods, and has followed the business of contracting ever since, sometimes employing twenty and twenty-flve men. The college and county house at Beaver are among the buildings he contracted for. He owns valuable property in Beaver, where he has resided most of his life. He is a Republican in politics, but never held any office except court crier eight years. He was married in 1850 to Nancy, daughter of William McCallister. She is of Scotch-Irish origin. Her father served as register and recorder of Beaver county. Their children are Josiah, a merchant at Beaver Falls; William, pf Kansas City (he chose his father's trade and is a contractor); Richard R., in business in New York City; F. H., a lawyer, who studied with H. Hice, ex-judge of Beaver county, and was admitted to the bar in 1884; Albert G., a clerk in New York City; and Anna G. and Matthew M., at home. Mr. and Mrs. Laird were formerly members of the United Presbyterian church, of which he was thirty years an elder. In 1887 they moved their membership to the Presbyterian church in Beaver. Josiah Laikd, grocer, Beaver Falls, was born in Brighton township, Sept. 31^ 1851, and is a sou of W. A. and Eleanor (Green) Laird. His paternal grandparents were Josiah and Jeannette (Anderson) Laird, pioneers of this county. His maternal grandfather was William McAllister, a pioneer of Bridgewater, where he kept a general store for a time, though he was a surveyor by occupation, and in the early days an official of the county. W. A. Laird is a contractor and plasterer by trade. He has eight children living: Josiah, William M., Richard R., Frank H., Jeannette A., Anna G., Albert N. and Matthew M. Josiah was reared in Beaver, and by trade is a plas- terer, an occupation he followed eight years. Since locating in Beaver Falls in 1883, he has been successfully engaged in the grocery business. Politically he is a Republican. Horatio M. Large (deceased) was born in Philadelphia May 28, 1816, and was a son of Daniel and Mary Large, of England, former of whom settled in what is now Beaver Falls in 1838, and with James Patterson purchased 600 acres of land. Daniel Large was interested in the first flour and saw mill in the place, and with his brother Christopher built the first cotton mill in the place. His children were Daniel, Chris- topher, William, Horatio M., Eliza (Mrs. James Patterson), Ann and Ellen (Mrs. Leon- ard Krouse). Horatio M. was reared in Beaver Falls from twelve years of age. He learned the cabinet maker's trade with John Sims, and followed it for several years;, then engaged in carpenter work until 1880, when he retired. In 1860 he erected a plan- . BIOGEAPHIES WEST SIDE. 6^9- ing mill, which he conducted about ten years. He married Elizabeth, daughter cf Charles and Jane Carter, pioneers of this county, former of whom was forger in the first furnace built in Beaver county, and made the first iron in the county. Seven of the children of Mr. Large are living: Charles, Christopher, Daniel, William, Ella (Mrs. George Liscomb), Elizabeth and Hannah. Milton Lawrence was born in Beaver, Pa. , in November, 1801. He was the eldest child of Samuel Lawrence, for many years prothonotary of Beaver' county, and the- cashier of the Bank of Beaver, established in 1816. His early life was spent in his na- tive place, where he was educated. He studied medicine under Dr. Milo Adams, a well known physician of that day, and in 1826 settled in Hookstown in the southern part of the county, where he soon acquired a large practice. He early acquired a taste for poli- tics, as the average boy reared in Beaver does, and in 1839, as a Whig, was elected pro- thonotary of the county over Samuel W. Sprott, the Democratic candidate, by 59 majority. He was reelected in 1842 and again in 1845, holding the office until 1848, and was then succeeded by John Collins. His duties completed in the prothonotary's office- he at once returned to Hookstown and resumed the practice of his profession. He was a candidate for congress in 1850, but was beaten by one vote by John Allison, afterwards- register of the treasury of the United States for many years . In the election following Greene township gave a majority of votes for Mr. Allison's opponent, something quite- unusual in that day and since. Hon. John Scott, one of the associate judges of Beaver county, having deceased, on March 11, 1863, Governor Curtin commissioned Dr. Law- rence to fill the vacancy until the ensuing election when, Oct. 14, 1862, he was elected a Republican, beating that incorruptible and noble old Democrat, Robert Potter, of Raccoon by 480 votes; on the 8th of October, 1867, he was reelected, and again October- 13, 1872, serving continuously till November 6, 1877, a period of fifteen vears and eight months, and so well was he acquainted with the duties of his office that in March- term, 1873, when Judge Acheson, who was presiding, was called home suddenly. Judge Lawrence presided during the quarter sessions week with marked ability. In the year 1854, when Know-Nothingism was sweeping over the county. Judge Lawrence, with Agnew, Collins and others, was unflinching in his denunciation of its aims and tend- encies. Judge Lawrence was a clear headed, bright man, strong in his likes and dislikes, a- born politician possessed of unbounded influence throughout Greene and Hanover, and of a strong influence over the county, and although he was inclined to reward his friends- and punish his enemies, he was kind hearted as a child, even to those who deserved nothing from him. Although he always had a large practice yet he collected so little of his money that he died comparatively a poor man. In 1872 he removed to Beaver. While on a visit to his daughter, Mrs. Lizzie McKissock at Altona. 111., he was taken ill and died on Sabbath, Oct. 2, 1880. His remains were brought back to Beaver, and laid in their final resting plaCe in the cemetery of that place. There they laid him on a calm October evening, a fit emblem of a peaceful close of a busy, useful life, its working- days ended, its Sabbath entered on — the reit that remaineth for the soul. Wn.L H. Leigh, artist and photographer, Beaver Falls, was born in East Liver- pool, Ohio, June 3, 1856, and is a son of Peter and Emma (Whitton) Leigh, of Derby- shire, England. His father served in the war of the rebellion in the 8d Ohio Battery, and was killed in a railroad accident in Tennessee in 1863, while engaged in the line of duty. Mr. Leigh was reared in Beaver county, located in Pittsburgh, and in 1879 en- tered the gallery of H. Bo wen as a student in photography, remaining nearly two yeaTS_ He then took a course of portrait painting under Henry Wagner, of Pittsburgh. Mr. Leigh located in Beaver Falls in 1883, where he has one of the best arranged photo- graphic art establishments in this section. He is an artist not only in name, but in education; one who understands the art principles of lighting and posing his subjects, wherein lie the true merits of a portrait. CharI;E8 Levi, baker and grocer, Beaver Fails, is a native of Wiirtemberg, Ger- many, where he was reared and educated. He came to America in 1866, located ia -680 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COPNTT. Beaver Falls in 1868 and opened a bakery, which, with the exception of two years he has since continued, being the pioneer baker of Beaver Falls. In 1885 he added a line of groceries in connection with his other Interests, and is among the prominent and suc- cessful business men of the place. He is a member of the I. O. 0. F. ; in politics a Re- publican. Dii. John C. Levis, in his lifetime one of the well-known and most skillful surgeons and physicians of Beaver county, was born in Zelienople, Butler county, Jan. 3, 1830, and died July 26, 1887, at his home in Bridgewater, Beaver county, in his fifty-eighth year. His father was the late Hon. John Levis, who, for several years subsequent to 1848, represented the Allegheny-Butler district in the state senate. Our subject attended school at Harmony, Butler county, where he acquired the rudiments of a classical edu- cation, and his preliminary studies completed, he read medicine with Dr. Lusk, of ^Zellenople, subsequently attending lectures at the Western Reserve Medical College at Cleveland, from which he graduated in 1851. His first practice began at Columbiana, Ohio, in April, 1853, and continued at that place one year. Meantime, Nov. 2, 1853, -he married Miss Catherine DehofC, of the same town. Only one child, a daughter, blessed this union; she died at the age of two and a half years. In April, 1854, Dr. Levis changed his location to Darlington, Beaver county. Pa., and practiced his pro- fession there until January, 1857, when he removed to Bridgewater, where he resided, except the interruptions of army life, until the day of his death. When the war of the -rebellion broke out, the Doctor's patriotic impulses constrained him to enter the army. He was mustered as assistant surgeon of the 85th P. V. on the 23d of October, 1861, at Uniontown, and served in the Peninsular campaign of McClellan ; promoted to be surgeon of the 101st Regiment Sept. 15, 1862, but two days prior to the battle of Autietam, having been assigned to the charge of the hospital at Chambersburg, Pa., Sept. 25, he was captured by Gen. J. E. B. Stewart, on Oct. 10, and signed the parole of his fellow-prisoners; ordered to Jefferson Barracks, St. Louis, Mo., Dec. 22, and remained -on duty until the following June, when he was assigned to duty on the U.S. Hospital steamer, "R. C. Wood," then running between Vicksburg and Memphis. In this -capacity he served during Grant's siege and capture of Vicksburg. In November, 1863, he was ordered to Pittsburgh to be surgeon of the post, and remained about nineteen months. Of his arduous labors there, a city paper said: "Dr. John C. Levis, examining surgeon of this Post, Girard House, during the year ending Dec. 1, 1864, examined 10,964 recruits, and visited 1,024 sick and wounded soldiers at their houses in the two cities and boroughs, besides attending to all who have been able to visit him at his oflice. The Doctor has also performed a large number of surgical operations with success, some of the latter being of a difficult and complicated ., and Hon. Thomas Nicholson, and graduated at Jefferson College, Cannonsburgh, Pa. , under the presidency of Rev, Robert J. Breckenridge, D. D.; studied theology at the Western Theological Seminary at Allegheny City, and was licensed by the Presbytery of Ohio, now the Presbytery of Pittsburgh. The greater part of his ministry has been spent in Ohio, in the bounds of the Presbytery of Steubenville. He married Miss Kate C, daughter of William McClelland, Esq., of Cannonsburgh, Pa. William Hunter Partincsto.n', couaty commissioner, Beaver Falls, was born in Steubenville, Ohio, March 32, 1840, and is a son of Richard and Ellen (Horner) Parting- ton. His father was a native of England, and a woolen maufacturer, who settled in Chippewa township, Beaver county, in 1846, and died of cholera in 1849. He was a son of Robert Partington, a cotton spinner, who settled in what is now Beaver Falls, in 1830, and kept hotel there. He afterward farmed in Chippewa township, and kept hotel on the stage road between New Brighton and New Castle. His children were James, Nancy (Mrs. James Richards), Mary (Mrs. Wm. Large), Richard and William. Of these, Richard had three children, of whom William H. is the only one living. He was reared in Beaver county, and is a farmer by occupation. In Ausfust, 1863, he mar- ried Margaret, daughter of Milo and Ellen (Sweezy) McDonnell, bywhom he has four children living: Eleanor, Hattie, Frank and Cora B. Mr. Partington was elected com- missioner of Beaver county in 1884, and re-elected in 1887. He is a member of the I. O. 0. F., and politically is a Democrat. Joh;^ Pattejj, farmer anil stock grower, P. O. Beaver, was born in Beaver county. Pa , June 3, 1814, and is a son of James and Betsy (Green) Patten, former a native of Maryland, latter of Pennsylvania, and both of Scotch-Irish descent. His father was a farmer, and in early life worked at the carpenter's trade. John is the third in a family of seven children. He was reared on the farm and attended the district school. At the age of eighteen he went to Allegheny county, where he lived until 1863 when he returned to Beaver county and continued farming. He is the owner of 124 acres of land, and has dealt in sheep. He spent two years in California Mr. Patten was mar- ried m Allegheny county. Pa., in 1854, to Agnos Hartford, who was born in Beaver county, a daughter of Thomas Hertford. The marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Fatten has BIOGRAPHIES WEST SIDE. Y05 been blessed with one child, Almiva J. The family are members of the U. P. church. Mr. Patten has been supervisor and assessor of Brighton township. Daniel O. C. Patterson, coal merchant, Beaver Falls, was born in Beaver Falls Sept. 9, 1832, and is a son of James and Eliza (Large) Patterson. His father came when but six years of age from Ireland with his parents, who settled in Albany, N. Y. In early manhood James Patterson located in Philadelphia, where he manufactured tanks for several years. He then erected a cotton mill at Doe Run, Chester county, and in 1839 settled in what is now Beaver Falls, where at one time he owned 1,200 acres of land, also a tract of 160 acres of cannel coal land in Darlington. He erected a grist mill which turned out 200 barrels of flour per day, and built a cotton mill which gave employ- ment to 150 hands. He erected the Mansion House in 1836. In 1854 he sold 400 acres of land to New York parties. Mr. Patterson had large coal interests, and kept the largest general store in the county in the pioneer days, his various interests giving employment to from 200 to 300 people. He was the first postmaster of Brighton, and for several years carried a daily mail at his own expense between his own oiflce and Beaver. He was an active politician and a member of the Whig party. He voted for James Buchanan, but at the breaking out of the rebellion united with the Republican party. He refused the nomination to both houses of Congress, also for Governor of Ohio, when for judicial purposes he had gained a residence there in 1854. He was a public-spirited man, and gave liberally toward all public enterprises. His wife was a daughter of Daniel Large, of Chester county. Pa. He had six children who grew to maturity: Mary (Mrs. Daniel Stone), Daniel O. C, Charles W., Harry C, Samuel R. and Sarah. Mr. Patterson died in September, 1876. Our subject was reared in Beaver county, was actively engaged in farming until 1882, and was the pioneer dairyman of Beaver Falls. He has also been extensively engaged in the coal interests of the county. In 1857 he married Elvira, daughter of Col. John and Elvira (Adams) Dickey. Her father was a native of Greens- burg, and a pioneer furnaceman of Beaver Falls. He was a son of Robert Dickej, a prominent citizen of Westmoreland county. Elvira, wife of Col. John Dickey, was a daughter of Dr. and Rev. Samuel Adams, of Essex county, Mass., a pioneer of Beaver Falls. Mr. and Mrs. Patterson have four children living: John D., Grace, James O. C. and Elvira. James Patterson, farmer, P. O. New Galilee, was born in Mercer county in 1830. In 1822 his grandfather, James Patterson, a farmer by occupation, with his wife and nine children emigrated to America from County Armagh, Ireland, and soon after his arrival settled in Beaver (now Lawrence) county, where he purchased 200 acres of land. He was twice married and had four children by his first wife, and five children by his second wife. He died at the age of eighty-five years. William, the eldest son by the first wife, purchased a farm in Mercer county soon after the arrival of the family in America, and here remained until 1833, when he bought 160 acres of land in Big Beaver township. Here he resided until his death, which occurred in 1874, at the age of seventy- three years. His wife was Mary, daughter of Thomas Mathers, of Mercer county, and they had three children: James, Margaret (Mrs. Patterson) and Thomas. William was successfully engaged in canal contracting for many years. James came to Beaver county with his parents when a child, and has since lived here. He was educated in the com- mon schools and Greersburg Academy. In 1858 he married Julia Ann, daughter of James McGeorge, an early settler in Western Pennsylvania, and they have one son, William J., a student in Genna College, at Beaver Falls. Mr. Patterson owns 120 acres of land, ninety of which his father purchased . Many improvements in the way of buildings, etc., have been made. He is a member of the Reformed Presbyterian church; in politics a Republican. Thomas Patterson, farmer, P. O. New Galilee, is the youngest son of William and Mary (Mathers) Patterson, and was born in Big Beaver township in 1834, on the farm he now owns. He was reared on the farm, attended the "old log school-house" and the Greersburg Academy, and has followed farming as a business. In 1862 he was married tD Miss V. C. Irvin, daughter of Mathew and Mattie Irvin, of Lawrence county, and 706 HISTOET OF BEAVEE COUNTY. seven children have been born to them, of whom five are living: Eva A., Ira B., James E., "Walter S. and Alexander Savidge. Mr. Patterson owns 160 acres of land, nearly all of which is under cultivation. He has held various township oflices, including school director. He is a member of the Reformed Presbyterian church; in politics he is a Republican. Rev. Samuel Patterson was born June 18, 1830, in County Derry, Ireland, and most of his common education was obtained in his native land. In 1836 he emi- grated to this country and settled in the city of Allegheny where he remained about thirteen years. In 1843 he entered the Western University, then under the control of Dr. Bruce and Mr. Greerson. "When they withdrew from that institution and established Duquesne College, he left the University and graduated at Duquesne College in Ihe fall of 1845. He then entered the theological seminary of the Associate Reformed church in Allegheny, and having gone through the prescribed course was licensed to preach March 29, 1848. By appointment of General Synod, he was sent that summer to preach for three months to a congregation at Indianapolis, also six weeks to Bellefontaine and two weeks to Urbana, Ohio. He then returned to the seminary, and having completed the entire course, he accepted a call from the united charge of Rocky Spring and East Palestine, and entered upon his pastoral work on the first Sabbath of May, 1849. He was ordained and installed Sept. 35, 1849. He remained the pastor of these two congrega- till the union of the Associate and Associate Reformed denominaxions into one body, constituting what is now denominated the United Presbyterian Church of North America, This union took place in 1858. Soon after this he gave up the Palestine branch of his charge, and in a short time afterward all his time was given to Rocky Spring. He is still the pastor of this congregation. Mr. Patterson was married in 1855 to Miss Eliza Jane, eldest daughter of David and Jane Gilliland (deceased). Mrs. Eliza Patterson died in February, 1885, leaving a husband and seven children — four sons and three daugh- ters to mourn her lo^s. Mr. Patterson owns a large farm near Darlington, managed chiefly by his sons. Politically, he is a Republican. Geokge "W. Penn, editor of the Beaver Falls Htrald and Globe, is a journalist of sixteen years' experience. He is a native of Cadiz, Ohio, is on the shady side of forty, and has assisted in clipping three coupons from the bonds of the matrimony. He was reared a farmer's son and began in business life asa clerkin a general store, after which he was suc- cessively a mail carrier, an engineer of a stationary engine, and a school teacher, spend- ing eight years in latter capacity in Indiana, Ohio and Pennsylvania. During the past sixteen years he has been employed as a newspaper writer in Ohio, Minnesota and Pennsylvania. James D. Perhott, dry goods merchant, Beaver Falls, was born in South Beaver township March 3, 1845, and is a son of Thomas and Mary (Edgar) Perrott, former a native of Ireland, who settled in South Beaver township in 1828. He was. a woolen manufacturer, and engaged in that business in South Beaver and Fallston. He had ten children; John R., Nancy (Mrs. Jacob B. Parkinson), Sarah (Mrs. Jacob Eckil, James D., Thomas (deceased), Samuel (deceased), Richard, Mary, Jennie and Clara A. (Mrs. Edward L. Hutchinson). Mr. Perrott's maternal grandfather was Samuel Edgar, of "Westmoreland county. Pa., a son of John Edgar, a major in the revolution, the latter being of Scotch descent. Samuel Edgar came to this county with his father in 1811, and settled in Fallston in 1830, where he engaged in milling until his death in 1872. James D. Perrott was reared and educated in Fallston. From 1860 until 1873 he was employed as clerk in the store of Duncan ct Edgar. April 1, 1874, he embarked in the dry goods business in Beaver Falls with A. Tomlinson, Esq., and in 1877 purchased his part- ners interest. In 1884 he erected his present store, which is 125 by 30 feet. In 1884 Mr Perrott, with Gawn "Ward and Jacob Ecki, purchased the plant of the Howard Stove Com pany, which is among the leading industries of Beaver Falls. In 1875 he married Maggie J., daughter of James and Margaret Jackson, of New Sewickley township, by whom he has five children: Clyde R., Howard D., Frank C, Helen M. and Edward H. Mr. Perrott is a wide-awake business man, and his extensive trade is evidence of his BIOGBAPHIES WEST SIDE. 707 popularity. He is a F. it A.M., a member of the Royal Arcanum and N. ^V . Masonic Society of Chicago; politically he is a Republican. H. ('. Pheil, butcher, Beaver Falls, was born in Pittsburgh May 13, 1848, and is a son of Philip and Barbara (Snyder) Pheil, of Germany, who settled in Pittsburgh as early as 1830 . Mr. Pheil was reared and educated in his native city, where he thoroughly learned his trade. He located in Beaver Falls in 1880, and opened ameat market, which is now one of the neatest, best appointed and most reliable in Beaver county, and is lib- erally patronized. Mr. Pheil is a member of the M. E, church; politically he is a Republican. WiLLiAjt Pickles, coal dealer, P. O. Enon Valley, was born in Yorkshire, Eng- land, in 1829, and came to America in 1853, with his parents, Robert (a farmer) and Elizabeth (Midgley) Pickles, who had ten children, of whom William is .the eldest son. He was a coal miner for many years. He cania to Beaver county in 1868, and now owns coal land rich with a superior quality of bituminous coal. He was married, in 1849, to Mary Ann, daughter of Thomas and Mary Oldfleld, of England, and has had three children: Harrison, a miner with his father; William Henry (deceased); and Emma Jaoe, at home. The mother died in 1887, aged sixty three years. Mr. Pickles has retired from mining, and devotes his time to selling coal for home consumption. He was In the army from 1864 to 1865. He is a member of the Presbyterian church; in politics he is a Republican. William Swan Plumer, D.D., LL.D., one of Beaver county's distinguished sons, was born at Darlington (then called Greersburg) July 26, 1802. His education was received at Washington College, after his graduation from which he entered Prince- toa Theological Seminary, matriculating in 1824-25 . He was licensed to preach by the New Brunswick Presbytery June 14, 1826, and on 19th of May of the following year was ordained an evangelist by the Presbytery of Orange. During the three years fol- lowing he engaged in evangelistic work in Southern Virginia and North Carolina, organizing churches at Danville and at Warrenton, N. C. In June, 1829, he was appointed regular supply of the Briery, Va., church, and immediately began the duties of pastor. His pastoral charges thereafter were Tabb Street church, Petersburg, Va., from July, 1831, to Sept. 19, 1834; First church, of Richmond, Va., from Oct. 19, 1834, to Nov. 3, 1846; Franklin Street church, Baltimoie, Md., from April 28, 1847, to Sept. 10, 1854; Central church, of Allegheny, Pa., from Jan. 17, 1855, to Sept. 19, 1862; Second church, of Pottsville, Pa., from Nov. 19, 1865, tojan. 2, 1867; and various churches in the vicinity of Columbia, S. C, to which place he removed in the early part of 1867. ^ Besides his duties in the pulpit Dr. Plumer founded in 1887, and was for eight years, sole editor, of The Watchman of the South. In 1838 he assisted in the establishing of the Institution for the Blind, Deaf and Dumb, at Staunton, Va. In 1854 he was chosen a professor in the Western Theological Seminary, of Allegheny, Pa., where he continued until 1862, occupying the chair of Didactic and Pastoral Theology . He then received the appointment to a similar position in the Columbia, S. C, Theo- logical seminary. He remained with this institution until its close in 1880, being trans- ferred to the chair of Historic, Casuistic and Pastoral Theology in 1875, at his own request. In addition to his labors as pastor and professor. Dr. Plumer won enviable distinction as an author. In all his efforts he manifested an earnestness of spirit, and a zealous love for the right that left their impress on his many labors. Personally he was tall and erect, with snow-white hair, beaming eye, open countenance and a dignity of manner which, together with his rich, full voice, gave a wonderful effectiveness to his preaching In pulpit, in the school room, and in the editorial chair, he labored for the upbuilding of the Presbyterian church . At the good age of seventy-nine he died in Baltimore, Md.. Oct. 33, 1880, firm in the faith which he had so long upheld. John Popr, farmer, P. O. Industry, was born in Baden, Germany, June 33, 1824, son of Sylvester and Margarette Popp, also natives of Germany. The father was a farmer by occupation, and died in Germany. John came to America in 1849, and worked as a farm laborer in Allegheny county. Pa., for six years; he then rented a farm 708 HISTORY OF BEAVKE COUNTY. in the same county, and followed agricultural pursuits until 1869. In the following year he purchased and removed to his present farm in Industry township. He was married, in 1847, to Susan, daughter of Wolfcombe Schuster, a native of Germany, and five children have blessed their union: Maggie, wife of Michael Hardner, of Allegheny county; Caroline, wife of John Paser, of Droversburg, Pa. ; John, a farmer In Industry township, and married to Mary Methouse; Mary, wife of Peter Smith, of Droversburg; and George, at home. Mr, Popp is allied to no political party, but always supports the best'man; his first vote was cast for Stephen A. Douglas. He and his wife are members of the Lutheran church. James L. Portbb, blacksmith, is a son of Robert and Eliza (Loyd) Porter, and was born at TJnionville, Beaver county, in February, 18'54. His parents were natives of Allegheny county, his mother having been born in McKeesport; and his grandfathers on both sides were natives of Ireland. James attended the home school at Unionville, and also one in Stewart county, Tenn. At the age of sixteen years he began learning the blaicksmith's trade, and in 1876 opened a shop at Black Hawk postoffice, where he remained for twelve years. He then opened a shop at East Liverpool Ohio, and after sixte;en months moved to Pairview,-his present location. He married, Dec. 16, 1677, Katharine McFarland, daughter of Benjamin and Mary (Donovan) jNIcFarland, who Wiis born March 26, 1858, in South Beaver township. Two children have blessed this union, Edwin B. and Clyde A., both of whom are at home. Mr. and Mrs. Porter are members of the Presbyterian church. Rev. Hbnky IS'. Potter, Darlington, was born in Raccoon township, this county, April 6, 1837, the son of John and Eliza Potter. His father was a farmer, but most of his life was employed in active church work; he spent the latter portion of it in missirn- ary work in Philadelphia. Our subject had three brothers in the ministry: James H., now of Eustis, Fla.; John W., who died in 1866; and Gilbert M., of Sharpsburg, Pa. Henry N was reared on a farm, receiving his education at Jefferson College and the Western Theological Seminary. He entered the ministry in 1865, spent the fiist yeais of his ministry in the west, and since December, 1870, has been pastor of Mt. Pleasant Presbyterian church, Darlington. He was married, Aug. 39, 1867, to Miss Mary Coe McKown, of Berkeley county, W. Va., and they have had four children, of whom but two, John Elton and Mary Elolsa Walton, are living. John Pdrdy, farmer, P. O. Beaver, was born in Allegheny county, Nov. 8, 1833, a son of Farmer and Esther (Richmond) Purdy, natives of Pennsylvania and of Englisli descent. His father is a farmer and makes the raising of sheep a specialty, owning 250 head, and, although eighty-five years old, attends to all his own business. Mrs. Esther Purdy died in 1851. John is the second in a family of three children; was reared on the farm, the pursuits of which he has always followed, and was educated at the com- mon schools. He owns seventy-six acres of land, where he now resides, in Brighton township. He was married, in 1868, to Hannah, daughter of Abraham Christy, and their children are William, now attending the University at Pittsburgh, and Almner. Mr. and Mrs. Purdy are members of the United Presbyterian church, of which he is an elder. He is a Republican, and has served two terms as supervisor of Brighton town ship. He enlisted in 1862, in Company H, 140th Regiment, and was a non commis- sioned ofBcer; was present at the surrender of General Lee, and was wounded at Sj ott- sylvania in the arm and side; was slightly wounded at Gettysburg, but he remained at his post until the battle was over. B. F. Pyle, farmer, P. O. New Galilee, is a son of Dr. A. J. and Eliza (Sheppard) Pyle, of New Galilee. Dr. Pyle practiced medicine in New Galilee for twenty years, and died in 1886. B. F. was educated at Allegheny College, Meadville, Pa., and com- bines carpenter work with farming. He married Jeannetta J. Glass, granddaughter of Robert Harbison, and they reside on the homestead of the latter in Big Beaver township. They have a fine farm of 200 acres, with first-class buildings, and are in a position to enjoy life. They have one child, Mary Elva. Mr. and Mjs. Pyle are members of the United Presbyterian church. Mr. Pyle votes with the Democratic party. BIOOKAPHIES WEST SIDE. 709 Hon. Matthew St.vnlet Quay, United States senator, P. O. Beaver, was born at Dillsburg, York county. Pa., Sept. 30, 1833. He is the son of Rev. Anderson Beaton Quay, by his wife Catherine McCain . His father was a prominent Presbyterian clergy- man, wlio was settled for years over flourishing congregations, first at Dillsburg, York county, then at Beaver, Beaver county, and finally at Indiana, Indiana county. The Rev. Anderson B. Quay was a son of Joseph Quay and Ascenath Anderson, who lived in what is now Schuylkill township, in the northern part of Chester county, near Phoa- nixville. His (Senator Quay's) grandmother's father was Patrick Anderson, the first white child born in the township. Anderson was a captain in the French and Indian war, and, on the breaking out of the Revolution was, along with Anthony Wayne, a member of the Chester county committee. He went into the service in 1776 as captain of the first company in the Pennsylvania Musketry Battalion, and after the battle of Long Island, in which Colonel Atlee was captured and Lieutenant-Colonel Parry killed, he commanded the battalion. In 1778 and 1779 he sat in the'Pennsylvania Assembly, and his son, Isaac Anderson, represented that district in Congress from 1803 to 1807. Senator Quay's great-grandmother, Ann Beaton, was the daughter of Daniel Beaton, and the sis- ter of Colonel John Beaton, who, during the Revolution, was most active in military ■ affairs in Chester county. Patrick Anderson's father, James Anderson, came from Scot- land in 1713, and afterward married Elizabeth Jerman, daughter of Thomas Jerman, a noted Quaker preacher, who came from Wales with his wife Elizabeth, and settled about 1700 in the Chester valley, where he erected one of the earliest mills in the province. Senator Quay graduated from Jefferson College, Pennsylvania, in 1850, studied law wit'h Penny & Sterrett, in Pittsburgh, and was admitted to the bar of Beaver county in 1854. The following year he was appointed prothonotary of this county, and was elected in 1856, and again in 1859. In 1861 he resigned his office to accept a lieutenancy in the Tenth Pennsylvania Reserves, and was subsequently made assistant commissary- general of the state, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel. Afterward he was appointed private secretary to Gov. Andrew G. Curtin, and, in August, 1863, was commissioned colonel of the 134th Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers. He was mustered out, owitig to ill-health, Dec. 7, 1862, but participated in the assault on Marye's Heights, Dec. 13, 1863, as a volunteer. He was subsequently appointed state agent at Washington, but shortly afterward was recalled by the legislature to fill the office of military secretary, created by that body. He was elected to the legislature in 1864, and again in 1865 and 1866. In the latter year he was secretary of the Republican state committee, of which he was chairman in 1878. In 1869 he established and edited the Beaver Radical. In 1873-78 he was secretary of the commonwealth, resigning to accept the appointment of recorder of Philadelphia. This office he resigned in January, 1879, when he was again appointed secretary of the commonwealth, filling that post until October, 1883, when he resigned. In November, 1885, he was elected state treasurer by the largest vote ever given to a candidate for that office. He resigned in September, 1887. On Jan. 18, 1887, he was elected United States senator for the term ending March 3, 1893. He is a mem- ber of the following senate committees— Manufactures, Pensions, Public Buildings and Grounds, Post Officer and Post Roads, and Claims; and chairman of the committee to examine the several branches of the civil service. Senator Quay was married, in 1855, to Agnes Barclay, daughter of John Barclay, by his wife Elizabeth Shannon. Her parents were natives of Pennsylvania, and were of Scotch-Irish descent. The children of this marriage, all of whom were born at Beaver, are Richard Roberts, Andrew Gregg Curtin, Mary Agnew, Coral, and Susan Willard. The eldest son is a student at law, while the second is a 3nd lieutenant, U. S. army, having graduated from West Point June 11, 1888. Jambs H. Ramsey was born near Frankfort Springs, Beaver county, Pa., son of John and May Hay Harper Ramsey; parents both formerly married; only child by last marriage; of Scotch Irish descent; father a farmer. He received his collegiate edu- cation at Jefferson College, Cannonsburg, Washington county, Pa. ; graduated at West- ern Reserve Medical College, Cleveland, Ohio; commenced , practice of medicine m 710 HISTOEY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. Virginia. He married Agnes S., daughter of William and Nancy Stewart, Hookstown, Beaver county, Pa., in 1856. He was regimental surgeon of the 17th West Virginia Infantry, and part of the time on detached service with the 8th Ohio Cavalry. After the war he practiced his profession sixteen years in Frankfort Springs, Pa. ; located In Bridgewaterin 1881, and engaged in the drug business and his profession; has had charge of the medical department of the Beaver County Alms House for some years. He has seven children: William S., M. D., a physician and surgeon; Lizzie M., Nina A., Mrs. Laura O. Wineman, Myra B., J. Edgar and Hallie Ethel. John W. Ramsey, superintendent water works, Beaver Falls, was born in North Sewickley township, Oct. 6, 1848, and is a son of Thomas and Sarah (White) Ramsey. His paternal grandfather, Samuel Ramsey, a native of Eastern Pennsylvania, and a pioneer of North Sewickley township, had ten children: Milton, Samuel, James, Thomas, Silas, Matthew, Robert, John, Elizabeth and Mary A. Of these Thomas was a prominent farmer of North Sewickley township, and held several township offices, and served one term as director of the County Poor House. He was accidently killed on theP. & L. E. R. R. at Brady's Run, in 1880. His children were Clorinda, Eliza, Lycurgus, Edith, John W., Harrison, Mary, Jennie and Anna. John W., in early life, learned the carpenter, machinist and blacksmith trades. In 1861 he embarked in the oil business in Pennsylvania and West Virginia, and operated and drilled a large number of wells. He drilled the largest gas well in the United States at that time (1876) (12-inch bore — 3,430 feet deep), for the Economy Society of this county. Since 1876 he has been superintendent of the Beaver Falls Water Works. He has seven valuable patents of his own invention, viz. : — the Ramsey and Corbus fire plug, and automatic natural gas regulating valve, fruit jar cover, furnace for melting pig iron by natural gas, wire nail machine, compression coupling for cold rolled shafting, used by the Hartman Steel Co., of this city, exclusively. In 1870 Mr. Ramsey married Mary, daughter of William and Margaret (Corson) Stafford, of Beaver Falls, and by her has six children: William, Ida, Maud, ElBe, Mabel and Beatrice. Mr. Ramsey is a mem- ber of the A. O. U. W. Politically he is independent. In 1888 he was elected one of the school directors for White township, for three years, by the entire vote of the township. B. S. Ranger, merchant, was born in Franklin county, Mass., Nov. 18, 1812. His parents, Moses and Jane (Smith) Ranger, were natives of Massachusetts, and of Scotch- Irish and English descent, former a farmer. B. S. is the eldest in a family of six chil- dren. He taught school in early life, and in 1847 he came to Pennsylvania, locating in Johnstown, where he worked in a furnace as assistant manager. In 1853 he accepted a position as railroad overseer, and was sent to Beaver, remaining in the employ of the railroad company for five years. His early life as a school teacher had given him abet- ter insight into human nature than many men who were older had. In 1861 he came to Bridgewater and embarked in the mercantile trade. For many years he has done a large and successful business, and by judicious investments and careful management has succeeded in accumulating a handsome fortune. He is largely interested in real estate, and is the owner of one entire block in Bridgewater. In politics Mr. Ranger is a Republican. Ira Ransom, Sr., was born in Trenton, Oneida county, N. Y., July 19, 1813, and is a son of Daniel and Mary (Peirce) Ransom. In 1834 he located in Beaver Falls, where he was the contractor for the Erie extension of the Pennsylvania Canal. In 1840 he entered the employ of James Patterson, of Beaver Falls, as a grain buyer. In 1849 he engaged in building railroads, and constructed eight miles of the Pittsburgh, Port Waype & Chicago Railway, by contract. In 1852 he removed to Youngstown, Ohio where he resided until 1869, and during his residence there assisted in building several railroads by contract, among them the Baltimore & Ohio, the Central Ohio (now the Panhandle), and the Steubenville & Indiana. In 1869 he returned to Beaver Falls, and engaged in the flour and feed business for seven years, conducting also the Beaver Falls Flouring Mills two years. In 1877 he built a section of the Pittsburgh & Lake Erie Railroad, Moravia. Mr. Ransom erected the first brick residence in Beaver Falls In EIOGKAPHIES WEST SIDE. 711 February, 1835, he married Margaret, dangbter of John and Catharine (Mclntire) Braden, pioneers of Chippewa township. They had eight children : Oscar, John, Dar- win, Ira, Willard, Tliaddeus, Alfred and Mary, all deceased except Ira and Alfred . John Rebkske, grocer, Beaver Falls, was born in Russian Poland, Nov. 28, 1828, and is a son of Thomas H. and Ellen (Bielohowske) Rebeske. He was reared and ed- ucated in his native land, was a refugee of the revolution of 1848, came to America in 1850 and settled in Pittsburgh, where he worked in the machine shops about sixteen years. He then engaged in the grocery business in Pittsburgh (South Side) for six years. In 1870 he removed to Beaver Falls, where he has since been actively engaged "in the grocery business. Mis wife was Mary E. Cornelius, a native of Prussia, by vihom he has six children : Adolph, Frances (Mrs. John Volk), Edward C, JohnL., Lena (Mr.o. Joseph Schell) and William. Mr Rebeske is a member of the Catholic church. He belongs to the Druids, and the I. O. O. P. Politically he is a Republican. Irwin B. Reed, farmer, P. O. Darlington, was born in Pallslon, Feb. 22, 1852. In the spring of that year his parents moved on the farm where he now resides, and which was formerly owned by his grandfather. He was educated at the Greersburg Academy aud cammenced teaching school in Darlington township in 1870, in what is known as the Nebo school. In 1871 he took a trip to Kansas, where, in Ottawa, Frank- lin county, he attended school one term. The winter of 1871 he taught school in Ander son county, Kan., and when his term closed took atrip South, thence to Emporia, Kan., where, in 1872, he attended the State Normal School one term. Subsequently, he took a trip to the Indian Territory, returned to Anderson county, Kan., Sept. 1, 1872, and taught for six months in the Tipton District. In the spring of 1873 he returned to Pennsylvania, stopped on the way at Atlantic, Iowa, and arrived home April 10. After his return he taught school for six winter terms and then engaged in farming, which he still follows. Dec. 38, 1883, he married Mary E. McGeorge. J. F. Rbeo, attorney, Beaver, was born in Hopewell township, this county, and is a son of William M. and Nancy E. (Jordan) Reed . His ancestors were early settlers in Pennsylvania, and were a robust class of people, the male members being mostly farm- ers. Our subject's grandfather, Thomas, was a soldier under General Washington, and being captured by the British together with seventeen others, it was decided that thirteen of them should be shot. They drew lots and Mr. Reed was one of the number to be shot, but the guard was overpowered and they all escaped . Thomas Reed came to this county after the close of the war, and lived to a good old age. Our subject's father was a farmer, and is a well-known and wealthy resident of Hopewell township. He has six children, of whom J. F. is the eldest. Our subject's early education was received in the common and select schools of Hopewell township, and he afterward attended Frankfort Academy and the college at Mt. Union, Ohio. He chose the law as his profession, and studied in the otflce of the late Frank Wilson, of Beaver, Pa. He was admitted to the bar Sept. 14, 1877, and has since been in active practice. He was married. May 15, 1878, to Anna M., daughter of Robert C. and Jane (Hay) Scott, of Scotch descent. Mr. and Mrs. Reed have four children: Robert, Bessie, Ethel and William. In politics Mr, Reed is a Republican He is one of the directors of the First National Bank of Beaver, Pa. His wife is a member of the United Presbyterian church . James M. Reed, county superintendent of public schools, Beaver, was born in Hanover township, this county, Nov. 23, 1854, son of John and Jane (Creswell) Reed, natives of this county and of Seotrh-Irish descent, John Reed was a miller in early life and afterward a farmer. He was twice married and raised seven children; James M. being the second child by the second wife. Our subject remained with his parents on the farm, attending school at the Miller school-house in Hanover townsljip until the death of his father, which occurred in 1861. He then worked on the farm in summer and attended school in winter, employing his leisure time in reading and improving his education. From 1869 until he commenced teaching he worked as a liired hand on a farm during the summer, and attended school during the winter months. He began teaching at the age of eighteen, teaching during the winters and attending to the farm 712 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNT V. duties and going to Frankfort Academy in the summers. In 1876 he received a state certificate, but feeling the necessity of a more thorough course he entered the Edinhoro State Normal School, remained there two terms, and then engaged in teaching again. He has taught in Beaver county in the following places: first at home in the Kobert s school-house in Hanover township, one year; next in Industry township, two years. He was principal of Fallston schools, two years, and Vanport school, one year, and, next principal of the schools in Bridgewater, four years; he was then engaged as principal of the Beaver public schools and teacher in the high school, and served in that capacity, two years. He was then appointed to fill a vacancy as county superintendent, serving two years and nine months. He made it a rule to visit every school in the county atleast once a year. The first vear he held fourteen educational meetings with the teachers, the sec- ond year twenty'two, and the third year thirty-one. Hewas elected superintendent May 3, 18S7, without any opposition, and the directors' convention increafed his salary frf m |1,000 to $1,500 per year. He isdevotedly attached to his profession and has done much to improve the schools of his native county. In 1885 he invented the Teacher's Teim Report Blank, for which he received a copyright. In 1887 he introduced the graduatii g system in the common schools of the county. Mr. Reed was married, Jan. 7, 1886, to Amelia Moorehead, daughter of Samuel Moorehead, and they have a son, John 31. , born Feb. 10, 1887. Mr. and Mrs. Reed are members of the Beaver Presbyterian church, and he has been superintendent of the Sabbath- school three years. Joseph M. Reed, assessor and constable, Bridgewater, was born in Beaver, Sept. 39, 1830, and is a son of Eli and Margaret (Daniels) Reed, the former born in Allegheny county. Pa., and the latter at Cape May, N. J. The father was born Sept. 26, 1781; learned the hatter's trade, and moved to Beaver, where he followed his trade for many years. He served several terms as coroner for Beaver county. He was a soldier in the war of 1812. He died in Bridgewater in 1881, having attained the remarkable age cf one hundred years and seven months. His family consisted of six daughters and one son. of whom three daughters and one son are now living. Joseph M. has spent most of his life in Beaver county, .where he attended the district schools. Early in life he learned the baker's trade . In the late war he served three months in the Tenth Pennsyl- vania Reserves, and then enlisted in the United States service for three years . He served six months as first lieutenant, was then promoted to captain, and was discharged for dis- ability in 1863. At the battle of Fredericksburg his leg was broken, but he remained on the field until the battle closed. At the battle of Antietam be was shot in the shoulder with a ball wliich he still has in his possession, and which weighs over one-fourth of a pound. He served three years as coroner, and for several terms has been assessor, ctn- stable and collector at Bridgewater. He is a member of the K. of'P. Mr. Reed mar- ried, in 1855, Eliza, daughter of Henry and Elizabeth Gull, natives of Germany, and they have one child, J. H. D. Reed, who is a resident of Bridgewater. Mrs. Reed ii a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. WiLLTAM C. Reed, farmer and stock breeder, P. O. Ohioville, was born Dec. 20, 1851, on a farm in Liverpool township, Ohio, where he was reared and received a C( m- mon-school education. On reaching manhood he engaged for a time in shipping stcck, and also in butchering. At the time of the historical cloudburst at Pittsburgh, about 1874 (when many persons lost their lives by the overflow of Sawmill Run), Mr. Reed was engaged successfully in business there, and his entire property was swept away, compelling him to start life anew. Since then he has been engaged in farming, and now gives especial attention to the breeding of bhorthorn cattle and Chester- White swine. He also keep a meat market at Ohio City. Politically he is a Republican, and is a member of Line Island Lodge, No. 742, I. O. O. F., at Glasgow. Both himself and wife are com- municants in the Methodist Episcopal church at Ohioville. Their marriage octuind Sept. 19, 1872. Mrs. Reed, born in Liverpool March 15, 1856, is Annie, a daughter of Thomas and Eliza Smith, of Pennsylvania. Mr. and Mrs. Reed have three childun living, viz. : Thomas Anthony, Ethel Maud and Earl Smith . The second child, Hattie, died at the age of nine years. Mr. Reed's parents were Anthony and Sophie ((;:a3wocd> Reed, natives of Ohio, as was probably his grandfather, Anthony. BIOGRAPHIES — WEST SIDE. 713 John and Henry Tay.lots Rkeves. The Reeves family are of Welsh extraction. Joseph Reeves, the great-grandfather of the subjects of this biographical sketch, resided at Mount Holly, and is buried in the cemetery of the Episcopal church of that village. Among his children was a son Joseph, also a resident of Mount Holly, who who married Elizabeth Toy, born July 5, 1758. Their children were sons Daniel and Joseph, and daughters Elizabeth, Mary, Sarah, Jane, Martha and Hannah. Daniel, the eldest of these, was born in 1785, and died Dec. 1, 1837. Removing to Beaver Falls in 1805, he followed the trades of cabinet-maker and carpenter until his death. By his marriage with Margaret, daughter of Matthew Steen, of Washington county. Pa., were born children: Eliza (Jlrs. Samuel Corbus), Mary Jane (Mrs. David Whitla), Balleria (Mrs. William Carter), Esther (Mrs. Henry Hippie), Joseph, Matthew, John and Henry T, of whom but three survive. John Reeves was born Feb. 9, 1825, in Beaver Falls, and received a limited common Englisli education at the subscription schools of the day, traveling a distance of two miles on foot to enjoy but meagre advantages. At the age of nine years these opportunities ceased, and Mr. Reeves, by liabits of close observation, and reflection, made amends in A great degree for the want of thorough training in youth. His father having died when the lad was but twelve years of age, he at once sought employment with a farmer in the neighborhood, and for three years thus aided in the support of the family. Subsequently becoming a driver on the Pittsburgh & Erie Canal, he soon found himself the owner of boats, and continued this life of com- parative adventure until 1852. He then accepted the position of conductor on the Pennsylvania i Ohio Railroad, and at the expiration of the fourth year embarked in mercantile pursuits at New Brigliton under the firm name of H. T. & J. Reeves. Dis- posing of their business in 1865, the brothers engaged in real estate operations, the pur- chase and sale of which as agents has occupied much of their time until the present. In addition to this, Mr. Reeves became in 1868 one of the projectors and the cashier of the Economy Saving Institution. He is also director of the Beaver Valley Street Rail- way; of the Pittsburgh, Chartiers & Youghiogheny Railroad ; director of the Beaver Falls Bridge Company: of the Art Tile Company; of the Pittsburgh & Chartiers Block Coal Company; director of the First National Bank of Beaver Falls; president of the First National Bank of New Brighton and of the Brighton Bridge Company. To these varied enterprises he gives his personal attention, and has by his trained habits of busi- ness and mature judgment contributed largely to their success. Mr. Reeves was, on the 25th of March, 1847, married to Cynthia, daughter of John Murphy, of Beaver Falls. Their children were Daniel F. (deceased); Mary Ann (wife of James F. Merrinian; Ada (married to W. H. Nair), Hannah (wife of James M. May), William (deceased), J. Charles P. (deceased), Jessie Benton, Grace (wife of George W. Coats), and Jacob Hen- rioi (deceased). Mr. Reeves is in his political preferences a Republican, but is no sense a politician. Being liberally endowed with public spirit and ambitious for the advance- ment of his native town, he has at various times accepted local otfices, but no others. His religious sympathies are with the Presbyterian church, of which he is botli a trustee and member. Henry Taylor Reeves, the brother and business partner of John Reeves, was born Oct. 14, 1837, in Beaver Falls, then known as Brighton, in which locality tlie years of his active life have been passed. Tiie old school house of Beaver falls afforded him the only opportunities for education he enjoyed, alter which he sought employment in a cotton factory, and at the age of t«;enty Ix-cnme a clerk in a general countiy store. Here his business aptness andfidelity to his employe r's inleresis Kion won him a parinc r- ship with Samuel McCleary, whicli continued for a period of four years. He then formed a copartnership with his brother John, which business association has continued uninterruptedly and harmoniously until the present. Mr. Reeves has done much to develop the resources of his native county, iind aided many successful enterpri.'^cs by his influence and capital. He is president of the Beaver Fulls and New Brighton Illumin- ating Gas Company; president of the Beaver Falls Waler Works; president of the Beaver Falls Cutlery Company; one of the managers of the Economy Savings Instilu- 714 HISTORY OF BEAVEtt COUNTY. lion, and has been director and a leading spirit in various t)tlier projects, Beaver Falls and New Brighton being especially indebted to his energy for their rapid growth. Mr. Reeves was, on the 29th of October, 1857, married to 8arah Jane, daughter of William and Jane Haines, of Mount Holly, N. J. Their children wore Harry W., Martha Jane, Walter F. (deceased), Romelius L. B., Albert (deceased), Arthur (deceased), and Orville (deceased). Mr. Reeves has been, since early manhood, an earnest member of the Methodist Protestant church at Beaver Falls and largely instrumental in building churches, both at Beaver Falls and New Brighton . The prosperity of this denomination has ever been dear to his heart, and enlisted his earnest prayers and most substantial aid. The various church offices, both spiritual and temporal, he has been called upon from time to time to fill. Mr. Reeves has been, since the organization of the party, a Repub- lican, and was formerly a pronounced Abolitionist. He is now one of the most earnest advocates of the Prohibition movement in the county, and a fearless exponent of the cause of temperance, as of every project having for its purpose the welfare of humanity. Other than that of school director and councilman, he has refuted all proffers of office. Havintf in a measure relinquished the cares of business, much of his time for some years has been devoted to recreation and travel. John B. Reeves, foreman Beaver Palls Steel Works, was born in New Brighton June 5, 1851, a son of Joseph and Sarah (McGachey) Reeves. His paternal grandfather, Daniel Reeves, settled in what is now Bjaver Falls in 1804, and was a son of Joseph Reeves, of Wales, who settled at Mt, Holly, N. J., in 1754. His maternal grandfather was Robert McGachey, a farmer and pioneer of Beaver Falls. Joserh Reeves was born and reared in Beaver Falls, was a cabiuet maker by trade, and had charge of the wood work department on bridge work for the Pittsburgh, Port Wayne & Chicago Railway for several years. He ran the first train on the road, and was conductor of the same nearly twenty-five years. He died June 2, 1876, the father of five children: John B., James J., Mary (Mrs. Thomas Marshall), Eliza (Mrs. C. L. Parker) and Margaret (Mrs. A. Siemod). John B. was reared in New Brighton, where ho learned the carpenter's trade, which he followed fourteen years, but since 1879 has held his present position. April 18, 1877, he married Mary, daughter of Andrew and Alice Wharniby, of Alle- gheny county, and has two children: Joseph L. and Grace. Both he and his wife are meml)ers of the Presl)yterian church. He is a member of the I. O. O. F., and Equit- able Aid Uuion; politically he is a Democrat. William Reich, Ju., merchant tailor, Bridgewaler, was born Sept. 18, 1844, and is a son of Louis and Amelia (Shaup) Reich . His father, who was a professionid gar- dener in Germany, had seven children, of whom William is the eldei-t. Our subject was reared in Germany, and received his education in that country. Early in life he began to learn tailoring, and served as an apprentice seven years. When he reached his majority he immig.ated to the United States, and settled in Bridgewater, where he worked at his trade tl.ree years. His parents came from Germany in 1869 and settled in R .Chester, where his father has been engaged as a gardener ever slice. William embarked in the merchant tailor business on his own account in 1869, and has met with marked success. He sends considerable w ork to Pittsburgh and e)ther to-w ns, ai:d car- ries an e.^lensive stock of fine goods. Jlr. Rv'ch was first married in 1869 to Elizabeth Rupp, and l)y her had three children; Chiistiar, Elizabeth and Hurry. Mrs. Reich elyiag in 18:7, Mr. Reich married for his second wife, in i877. Matilda Vvinteis and by her has two children: William, Jr., and Lenora. Mr. and Mrs. Reich are meiiibeis of the German Lutheran church. He is a number of the I. O. O. F lodge and the encampment. Joseph W. Rhodes, farmer, P. 0. Achor, Columbiana county, Ohio, was born in this couuiy in 1854. His grandfather, William, who came from Jreland, had seven chilelren, among whom was William, who was a farmer by occupation and owned 140 acres of laud in Chippewa township, this county, which was formerly the pnmeity of \'r' J}!°'; ^'"^'"°- Wi'li'im J. married, for his second wife, Eliza, daughter' of John McMillin (a major in the war of 1812), aod Joseph is the only ton born to this couple BIOGRAPHIES WEST SIDE. 715 William ditd in 1883, and liis wife in 1855. Joseph was reared on tbe farm and now owns 100 acres, which was the property of his mother. He was married, in 1875, to Magffie, daughter of Joseph and Jane (Warrick) Moore. They have had six children, fiveofwhomare living: Vincent Orrin, William Fisher, Hido Moore, Mary Jane and Ida Potter. Jlr. Rhodes is a member of the Presbyterian church; in politics a Republican. Lycurgds Rccii.vrdson, superintendent Beaver Falls Street Railway, Beaver Falls, was born in Columbiana county, Ohio, March 23, 1843, and is a son of Enoch and Mary (Burt) Richardson. His paternal grandfather was Samuel Richardson, and paternal grandfather, William Burt, pioneers of Columbiana county. Mr. Richard- son's parents settled in this county in 1851, where his father engaged in farming until his death in February, 1885. His children are Jason, Delilah (deceased), Lycurgus, Margaret E. (Mrs. J. C. Plummer, now deceased), Hiram B., David (deceased) and Samuel (deceased). Our subject was educated in the common schools of Ohio township. From 1858 until 1859 he was engaged as a ferryman at Smith's Perry, this county; then served an apprenticeship at the blacksmith's trade at Fairview. In Augu'-t, 1863, he enlisted in Company A, 17th Pa. Cav., and partioipated in the battles of Chancellors- ville, Fredericksburg, the Wilderness and Gettysburg. He was with Sheridan in the raid throush the Shenandoah Valley, and at the surrender at Appomattox in 1865, and was honorably discharged in June, 1865. Pie returned to Beaver county and was mar- ried to Eliza J. Hamilton, daughter of David and Serephina Hamilton; then located at Smith's Ferrj-, Pa , and worked at his trade until his wife died ; then, in 1873, located lu Pittsburgh, Allegheny county, Pa.; worked there until June, 1874, when he returned to Beaver county, locating at Industry, where he worked until 1876, when he married Anna F. Appleton, daughter of Joseph and Sarah Appleton. He then located at Fair- view, Beaver county, Pa., and worked there until March, 1883; then removed to East Liverpool, Ohio, and worked there until Juue, .1884, when he removtd to Industry and conducted a shop there until June, 1885, when he removed to Beaver Falls and accepted the position of superintendent of Beaver Falls Street Railway, operating the road until Nov. 1, i887. Resigning at that time, he accep'ed a position as superintendent of McKeesport Street Railway, in Allegheny county. Pa., where he is at present located. Mr. Richardson has one son by his first wife — Harry H. Richardson (who is a machinist at the Hartman machine shop, Beaver Falls, Pa.); also two children by his present wife — Oakley A. and Anna F. Richardson. Politically Mr. Richardson is a Republican. J. L. RtsiNGER, blacksmith, Beaver, was born May 13, 1852, in Beaver. His parents, Daniel and Mary Jane (Eakin) Risinger, were natives of this county ard of Geiman and Irish descent. His father and grand father were blacksmiths. It is related of his grand- father that when lie carried on business here his patrons thought he was almost a per- fect workman. When asked if he could do anything his answer usually t" as: "Yes,'' or " All right, just leave it." When one of his regular patrons brought him a darning needle, which his wife had broken the eye of, and asked him if he could mend if, he told him to " leave it." J. L. is the elder of the two children. His sister. Minnie M., resides at h('me. He learned his trade with his father. He is the owner of valual le real estate in Beaver, and in connection with his father is doing a good business. Aug. 24, 1876, he was mar ied to Nannie, daughter of A. P. Morrow, and born in Beaver county, and of Irish descent. They have had five children: AthaMay, Ora V , James (deceased , Daniel M. and Nina Clair. Mrs Risinger is a member of the United Pres- byterian Cliuroh In polities, Mr. Risinuer is a Republican. FiiED G. RoHRKASTE, P. O. Beaver Falls, was born near Hanover, Germany, Oct. 31, 1831, and is a son of Frederick and Mary CWiggrailer) Rohrkaste, who came to America in 1860, located in Pittsburgh and resided there until their deaths. Our sulijtct c:ime to Am-r'ca in 1853, located in Pittsburgh, and in 1855 embarked in the grocety trade in that city, in which he was engaged until 1869. He then removed to Beaver Falls, and engaged in the same business there until 1879, when he purcha.«ed the Central hotel, one of the principal hostelries of the place, which he successfully conducKd until New Year's, 1888, when he retiied and new rtsidt s in New Eiichion. In 1880 he Y16 HISTOEY OF BHAVEE COUNTY. built the Beaver distillery, -whicli he operated three j-ears. A company, of which Mr. Rohrkaste is a stockholder, is now starting the champion saw works in the distillery. He married, ia 1856, Ernstine Stolte, born near Hanover, Germany, and has seven children living: Charles, Emma, Anna, Albert, Gtto, Fred and Dora. Mr. Rohrkaste is a member of the German Lutheran church; in politics he is a Republican. Ghaeles Ruhb, glass engraver, Beaver Falls, was born in Pittsburgh, Pa., Feb. 13, 1858. He is a son of Charles and Caroline (Rinne) Ruhe, natives of Brunwick, Germany, who came to Americain 1848 and settled in Pittsburgh. Hisfather, who was a glass-cutter, engraver and general glass worker, settled in Beaver Falls in 1879, and was one of the organizers and stockholders of the Cooperative J'lint Glass Works, of which he was secretary and treasurer two and one half years, and was connected with the busi- ness until his death bept. 6, 1887. He was a prominent citizen, and was esteemed by all who knew him. He was a member of the I. O, O. F. and K. of P., and was a F. & A. M.,; he held the office of councilman of Beaver Falls, one term. Our subject was reared in Pittsburgh where he learned his trade, which he has followed since 1876. He came to Beaver Falls in 1879, where he has since been in the employ of the Cooperative Glass Works. He is a member of the I. 0.0 F., K. ^f L. and the Flint Glass Worker's Trade Union. He is a member of the council for Beaver Falls, and in politics is a Democrat. William A. Sawtbe, physician, Darlington, was born in Washington county, Pa., in 1844. Rev. B. F. Sawyer (of the Seceder's church) was born in Petersburg, Pa., in 1817; was educated at the Canuonsburg College, and ordained when twenty- five years of age; commenced preaching at New Brighton, and^in 1845 located in South Bjaver township, where he has since resided. He holds services at the Darlington sobiool-houw and at the Four Mile church. He married Nancy, daughter of William Anderson, and to them were born three sons and three daughters, all living. j\Irs. Sawyer died in 1881, aged sixty-eight years. William A. was educated at Greersburg Acidemy, and left that institution when eighteen years old. In 1875 he married Ella, lUughterof J. C. Thompson, and their children are Benjamin Clark, Georgiana and N iQcy C. The doctor commenced the study of medicine when twenty-one years old, D •. 8. M. Ross, of Altoona, Pa., being his preceptor. He graduated from the Western Ri-ierve Medical College in February, 1869, and commenced practice in Ohioville, rim lining there three years. In 1873 he located at Darlington, where he has since prac- ticed. In politics he is a Republican. Philip Schahpp, foreman of the Cooperative Glass Works, Beaver Falls, was born in eittsburgh, July 16, 1847, and is a son of Conrad and Wilhelmina (Rupple) Scharff, natives of Hesse Cassel, Germany. They came to America in 1839. located in Pitts- burgh, and in 1884 moved to Beaver Fdlls. They have four children: Mary, Henrietta, Philip and William. Philip was reared in Pittsburgh and learned the trade of glass'- blower with McKee Bros., of that city. He worked as a journeyman from 1858 until 1879, when he located in Beaver Falls, working a year and a. half in the Cooperative Gl-iss Works, since which time he has held his present position. In 1871 he married UiUheriae, daughter of Henry and Agnes (Sehuiz) Gernert, of Pitt-sburah, by whom he li H 4i.K children: Harry, William Agnes, Minnie, Edward and Bessie.^" Mr. Scharfi is a member of the I. 0. O. F. and A. O. U. W.; in politics he is a Democrat. WcLLiAM Sou.^RFio, glass-blower, Beaver Falls, was born in Pittsburgh, April 15 1830, anil is a s m of C )nrad C. and Mena (Runple) Scharff, of Germany, who settled in IMtsburghin 1839. He was reared in that city, and learni-d his trade with McKee Bros, and Bakewall & Co., and worked in Pittsburgh from 18.59 until 1873 He then embarked in the hotel business in Pittsburgh (South Side) . In 1 879 he located in- Beaver Falls, and was one of the organizers of the Cooperative Flint Glass Works where he has since been employed, and is interested as a stockholder. In 1873 he married Mary daughter of Henry and Margaret Zell, of Pittsburgh, and has six children- Lillie Catherme, Emma, David, William and Philip. In 1875 Mr. Scharff was the champion oarsEuau of America. He is an active member of the A. O. U. W. and Red Men (Pitts- burgh Lodge). Politically he is a Democrat. BIOGRAPHIES — WEST SIDE. 717 William Schepplbr, glass presser, Beaver Palls, was born in Prussia, Jan. 33, 1836, and is ason of Henry and Eva C. Scheffler, who emigrated to America in 1844 and settled in Pittsburgh. Their children were George, Conrad, William an'd Dorothea. William learned his trade with F. & J. McKee i Co., of Pittsburgh, and was in Iheir employ from 1854 until 1867, when he located in Columbiana county, Ohio, where he was engaged in farming si.x years, working at his trade occasionally in Pittsburgh. In 1873 he located in that city permanently, and worked for Doyle & Co. until 1878. In 1879 he cams to Beaver Falls, and became one of the founders of the Cooperative Flint Glassworks, where he has since been employed. June 5, 1859, he married Cath- erine, daughter of John Weyand, of Pittsburgh, by whom he has seven children living: William H., Katie M., Lizzie E., Anna D., Cora C, Charles E. and Albert T. Mr. Scheffler ha^ been a member of the board of directors of the glass works for six years, and since May 1, 1886, has been its chairman. He is a member of the German Luth- eran church, the A. O. U. W., and in politics is a Republican. AustiST ScHWALLER, glass blower, Beaver Falls, was born in Alsace-Lorraine, June 6, 1858, and is a son of Joseph and Anna (Veitlech) Schwaller. He came to Amer- ica in 1873, and located in Wayne county, Pa., remaining there seventeen months. He then located in Pittsburgh, where he was in the employ of McKee Bros, until the glass strike of 18T8. In 1879 he came to Beaver Falls, and became one of the organizers of the Cooperative Flint Glass Works, where he has since been employed, and is also a stockholder. In 1876 he married Mary A., daughter of John Evans, by whom he has five children living: Kate, Annie, Andrew, Maggie and Magdalena. He is a member of the German Catholic church; in politics a Democrat. John M. Scott, clerk of courts, Beaver, was born in Brighton township, this county, April 11, 1843, and is a son of William and Nancy (McKee) Scott, the former a native of Beaver county and the latter of Franklin. His father was engaged in the tanning business in early life, and in farming in later life, until his death, which occurred in Brighton. His family consisted of three sons and five daughters (two deceased), of whom John M. is the youngest living. He was reared on the farm, and attended the common school and the Beaver Academy. He taught school for nineteen winters, and farmed during the rest of each year. He began teaching at the age of eighteen. In 1885 he was elected clerk of the courts of Beaver county, which position he has since occupied. He is well adapted to the position he holds, and has a practical knowledge of the details of the office. He is a member of the United Presbyterian church; in politics he is a Republican. G. A. ScROGGS, physician and surgeon, P. O. Beaver, was born in New Castle, Law- rence county, Pa., March 33, 1855, and is a son of John A. and Mary J. (Thompson) Scroggs, former a native of Darlington, this county, latter of Columbiana county, Ohio, of Scotch-Irish descent. The Scroggs family were among the early settlers of Beaver county. The grandfather of our subject was Gen. John Alexander Scroggs, who was a general in the war of 1813; he was prothonotary of Bpaver county two terms, begin- ning in 1833. The Scroggs family are descendants of the Lord Chief-Jutticc- of the King's High Bench, Sir William Scroggs. The father of G. A. was a dentist, and practiced in Galena, 111., for many years. He had four children, of whom G. A. is tie second. Our subject was reared in Galena, 111., where he received his earliest educa- tion, and he subsequently attended the Hnpedale Normal School, in Ohio. He chose medicine as his profession, asd sludied at East Liverpool, Ohio, first with Dr. Benjamin Ogden, and afterward with Dr. Daniel Leasure, of Allegheny City, Pa. He then entered Jefferson Medical College, at Philadelphia, in 1876, where he was graduated in 1879. He began practice at East Liverpool, Ohio, and remained there three years, thtn went to Hazlewood, and in 1884 came to Beaver. He was married, in 1879, to Alexina C, daughter of Alexander C. Galzmer, of Philadelphia, Fa., of Prussian descent. The doctor is a Republican in politics. James Scroggs, Jr. physician and surgeon, P, 0. Beaver, was born in Allegheny couniy. Pa., July 19, 1850, a son of James and Emily (Seaton) Scroggs, the former of 40 T18 HISTORY OF BEAYITR COnN'J 1'. Scotch and the latter of English descent, and both natives. of Pennsylvania. His father was for many years a practicing'physician in Beaver borough. He is still a resident of Beaver, but is not in active. practice, and is perhaps the oldest physician in the county. He spent the most of his professional life in Pittsburgh, where his family grew up. His two sons are physicians. Our subject, who is the eldest of five children, attended the schools of Pittsburgh, then went to Ann Arbor, Mich., and tirst attended the literary department of Michigan University, subsequently entering the medical department of the same institution, where he remained one year. He then returned toFairview, the home»of his father, and continued his studies at honre until the opening of the Cincin- nati College of Medicine and Surgery, which he then entered and from which he was graduated in 1873. He came to Beaver county and commenced the practice of his chosen profession at Fairview. The doctor always speaks of his father in terms of the highest praise. His father first attended to the education of his children and gave them the advantages of the best schools, and then expected them to make their own way. When our subject returned from college his father said to him: "James, I will not buy you anything more than horse and saddle; then you mutthoe your own row." He then for the first time in his life felt that he was a man, and must battle with the world single handed. He practiced one year in Fairview, and then came to Beaver where he soon obtained a good practice. He is earnestly devoted to his profession, seldom allow- ing his time to be taken up with anything else, and takes much interest in the Beaver County Medical Society. In politics he is a Republican, and has served as a member of the school board for ten years in Beaver borough . He is physician to the Beaver County Home, physician to Beaver county jail, also county physician. The Doctor was married, in 1873, to Anna, daughter of John Aber, who was a merchant, and they have had four children: Anna Emily, Joseph J., Hall E. and Fred J. Mrs. Scroggs is a member of the United Presbyterian church, of Beaver. The doctor is a member of the I. O. O. P. Hbney Sbchkist, farmer, P. O. New Galilee, was born in Cambria county. Pa. , in 1840. Hisgreat-grandfathercamefromGermany and was a soldier in the Revolutionary War. William, a son of this pioneer, and a native of York county. Pa., married Esther Saddler, and had six sons and five daughters. He was a farmer, and died at the age of sixty years. Henry, his fourth child, born in 1806 in York county, married in 1834, Nancy, daughter of Frederick and Mary Flinchbaugh, and eight children (six now living) were born to them, our subject being the fourth. The father came to Beaver county in 1860 and purchased the property now owned by his son and namesake. He died in 1873 aged sixty-six years. Henry, our subject, was reared a farmer, and has always followed that occupation. At the death of his father he purchased his farm. He was married, in 1887, to Lizzie, daughter of James Dillon. He is quite extensively engaged in dairying, owns twenty cows, and ships his produce to Pittsburgh daily. John C. Sennett, moulder, Beaver Falls, was born in Lake county, Ohio, June 13, 1885, and is a son of Albert and Olive (Cokly) Sennett. He was reared in Erie county. Pa., and Cincinnati, Ohio, and at the latter place served an apprenticeship of four years at the stove-molder's trade, which he followed until 1885. He was in the late War of the Rebellion, enlisting Aug. 11, 1863, in Company I, 145th P. V. I. He participated in the battles of Fredericksburg. Chancellcrsville.Getiys-burg, the Wilder- ness campaign, Petersburg and other engagements, and was honorably discharged May 31, 1865. In January, 1871, he located in Beaver Falls, where he has since resided. He is a member of the G. A. R., Uuion Veteran Legion, I. O. O. F. and Iron Molder's Union; in politics, he is independent. Joseph Shannon, farmer, P. O. Homewood, is a descendant of an early settler in Pennsylvania, a farmer by occupation, who was born on the River Shannon, Ireland, and was the parent of sixteen children. Robert, his son, settled in Westmoreland county about 1830, where he remained until 1830, when he moved to Beaver county and purchased 100 acres of land. He marrie'd Nellie, daughter of Robert Miller, and by her liad ten children , seven of whom are living . Robert was a farmer during his \^ hole life. He died in 1868, aged sixty-eight years. His wife died in 1875, aged seventy-seven BIOGEAPI-IIES "WEST SIDE. 719 years. Joseph was born ia 1836, and is now the oldest living son. He was liberally educated, and was a student at Greersburg academy. He was reared on a farm and is by occupation a farmer. In 1849 he married Eliza Jane, daughter of John Beatty, and they have four children: Ann Mary (Mrs. McCaughtry), John B., Nellie Jane (Mrs. Wallace), and R. Emma (Mrs. Beard). In 1849 Mr. Shannon moved on the present farm of 150 acres, which was the homestead of his wife's father. He is an adherent of the United Presbyterian church; in politics a Republican. William Shannon, farmer, P. O. New Galilee, the youngest son of Robert and Nellie (Miller) Shannon, was born in Big Beaver township on the farm where he now lives, in 1840. He was married in 1867 to Mary Alloway, of Blair county. Pa. Eight children have blessed this union: Robert A., Aaron M., James B., Elmer E , Nellie J., Royal G., William S. and Annie M." Mr. Shannon received a good common-school ed- ucation. He enlisted in 1861 in Company K, 10th Pennsylvania Reserves, and served three years, being engaged in the battles of Mechanicsville, Gaines' Mill, Malvern Hill, Second Bull Run, South 3Iountain, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Gettysburgh, The Wild- erness and Spottsylvania. He was taken prisoner at Fredericksburg, was taken to Richmond and to Libby prison, and was in prison for twenty-eight days. He owns 290 acres of land, nearly all of which is under cultivation. He has always been a hard worker and is a successful farmer. He is a Democrat. Everett W. Sheets, physician, Beaver Falls, was born in East Palestine, Columbiana county, Ohio, Dec. 25, 1860, and is a son of Abraham and Mary A. (Dustin) Sheets. His father was a graduate of Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, and was for many years a practicing physician in Columbiana county, Ohio, Beaver county and New Castle, Pa., where he died in 1871. Mr. Sheets' paternal grandfather was Frederick Sheets, a pioneer of East Palestine, and his maternal grandfather, Dr. Barnard Dustin, of Massachusetts, a pioneer physician of Darlington township. Pie had two sons. Barnard and Nathaniel, both of them physicians of distinction Everett W. Sheets was reared in New Castle. He studied medicine in his father's office, and with his sister, Eugenia C, now Mrs. Dr. Mercer, and later with Dr. Montgomery Linvillc. He entered Jefferson Medical College in 1883, and was graduated in April, 1885. He was then ap- pointed assistant-surgeon of Lancaster County Hospital. In February, 1886, he lofated in Beaver Falls, where he has a large and successful practice. John S. Sheplbr, proprietor of Hotel Summit, in Bridgewater, was horn in Alle- gheny county. Pa., Nov. 3, 1818, and is a son of Philip and Mary (Hill) Shepler. His mother is still living at the age of eighty. His father was a farmer, and later in life a hotel keeper in Pittsburgh. He was a soldier in the War of 1812, and lived to the age of seventy-six. His grandfather was a soldier in the Revolutionary War, and served under George Washington. He, with some others, made a trip in an open flat boat from the headwaters of the Monongahela river to Louisville, then called the Falls of the Ohio. They ran only by night, hiding from the Indians among the willows by day. He died here at the age of ninety, and his wife at ninety-four. Philip had thirteen children, of whom seven are now living. Of these John S. is the eldest. He was reared near Pittsburgh, and attended the common schools. He remained on the farm with his parents till he reached his majority, then he worked in Pittsburgh as a pattern maker and mill-wright. He after- ward purchased a flouring mill in Washington county, which he conducted a few years, when it was washed away by a flood . He then purchased property in Monongahela City, and in company with Henry Shearer built a mill there . He sold his interest in this mill, and became part owner of the steamboat Bell, and on that and other boats he was, during a number of years, an engineer. His health failing, he leased, in New Brighton, a hotel which he conducted about four years, after which he removed to Beaver and kept the National Hotel there a few years. He then engaged in the manufacture of agricultural implements, sold out, and built the hotel which he now occupies. On the 4th of March, 1840, he was married to Mary J,, daughter of John Megown. She was born in Pitts- burgh, and is of iscotch descent. They have had eleven children, of whom seven are now living: Philip L., an engineer and mjerchant; Albert G., Samuel H. and Charley C, 720 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. Steamboat engineers on the Ohio and Mississippi rivers; Anna Eliza, -wife of Oliver K. McKeage, an engineer on the Ohio river; Josephine, at home; and Abbie, wife of J. B. Shumaker, a druggist in Bridgewater. In politics Mr. Shepler is a Republican. John A. Shillito, merchant, P. O. Beaver, of the firm of Shillito & Brother, was born in Independence township, this county, Nov. 5, 1832, son of George and Elizabeth (Anderson) Shillito, former of whom died in 1869; latter is stiil living at the age of elghty-tive. They were both natives of Pennsylvania, of Scotch-Irish lineage. Our subject's grandfather (George) and father came to Beaver county in 1800. and were till- ers of the soil. Samuel Shillito, an uncle of John A., was in the War of 1812, and emi- grated west from Beaver county. Our subject is one of a family of six children, three of whom are living: John A. and his partner, R. C, and George M., a prominent phy- sician in Allegheny City. John A. was reared on the farm, attended school in Inde- pendence township, and at the age of sixteen went to Clinton, in Allegheny county, where he clerked for one year. Then he moved to Florence, Washington county, and clerked there three years. In April, 1855, he went to California, where he remained thirteen years, and during this time he was employed as salesman in a store, except three years he was mining in Nevada. Jan. 8, 1868, he returned home and embarked in his present business. Both members of the firm have been for many years residents of Beaver county, and John A. has had thirty-seven years' experience in business. Oct. 4, 1871, he was married to Mary G., daughter of John Swearigen, and born and reared in Allegheny county, where she was married. They have one child, N. 6. L. Mr. and Mrs. Shillito are members of- the Presbyterian church, of which he is trustee and treas- urer. Theoboeb p. Simpson, physician, Beaver Falls, was born in New Brighton, this county, March 19, 1856, and is a son of W. W. and Lavina (Rogers) Simpson. He was reared in New Brighton, began the study of medicine in the office of his father in 1874, and was graduated from Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York, in 1877. In June of the same year he located in Beaver Falls, where he has built up a lucrative and extensive practice. Darius Singleton, lumber dealer and justice of the peace, was born in this county Jan. 9, 1829, and is a son of Henry H. and Rebecca (Maginnis) Singleton, natives of Pennsylvania, and of Irish and English descent. His father came to this county with his parents when a child, spent most of his life here as a farmer, and died in 1867. He had five sons and three daughters, Darius being the youngest son. Our subject was reared on a farm in Greene township, this county, and his early education was received in the common schools in his native county, and at the Twinsburg Institute, Ohio. His business education was obtained at Duff's Commercial College, in Pittsburgh, where he was graduated in 1866. Before the War of the Rebellion he was engaged in the manu- facture of lumber, and also in the oil business. In 1862 he enlisted in Company P, 140th Volunteer Infantry, and was in eleven engagements. He was promoted from private to sergeant and lieutenant, successively. At the battle of Spotts-ylvania he received Ihree wounds, one in the left shoulder and arm, which caused him to lose six inches of the bone. At the close of the war he returned to Beaver, and in 1868 embarked in the lum- ber business. He was appointed justice of the peace in 1876, being elected the next year, and has held the position ever since. In politics he is a Republican. He is a member of the G. A. R., and chaplain of Post No. 473. Mr. Singleton was married, in 1853, to Sarah T., daughter of Satlielius M. and Sarah (Guthrie) Crail, natives of Mercer county. Pa., and of English descent. The living children of this marriage are E. H., Lorena I. , Lawrence G . , Estella and Dickson Lee. Those deceased are Luenza S . , Lenda and Knox. Mrs. Singleton is a. member of the Methodist Episcopal church. Mr. Sin- gleton is a Presbyterian, an elder in the church and a teacher in the Bible class. James S.mart, Sr., (deceased). The original member bearing this name in Western Pennsylvania was John Smart, who came to Westmoreland county from Philadelphia in the early history of Western Pennsylvania. A son, James, was born to this pioneer in Westmoreland, where he was reared, and in 1796 came to Beaver county and settled on BIOGRAPHIES WEST SIDE. Y21 400 acres of land on the Ohio line in Pennsylvania. After remaining on this tract for some years James was forced to relinquish his claim by depopulation agents, who claimed the right of property. He married Lucy Hartsliorn, to whom were born seven children. James, the fourth son, was born in 1803, and was a brother to John Smart, a wealthy bachelor in D.irlingtou township, and one of its most prominent citizens. He was an engineer, having followed steamboat engineering for a number of years. He ascanalated considerable we>iUh and purchased some 400 acres of land, which vv'aspart of the original tract settled by his father, James. James Smart, our subject, was born and reared on a farm, and through life followed agricultural pursuits. He was married, in 1831, to Sarah, daughter of Thomas and Jane (Duff) Hai:tshorn, of this county. They had no children. Lawrence Smart, an adopted son, was born in 1853, and was, in 1873, married to Anna M., daughter of John Roberts, ex-sheriff. Four children were born to them, three of whom are living: Lulu, Ettie and Nannie. James Smart, Sr., the subject of this memoir, died Dec. 4, 1887. He was an industrious farmer, respected by all who knew him; a member of the Presbyterian church, of which his widow is also a member. Politically he was a Kepublican. James Smart, Jr., farmer, P. O. East Palestine, Ohio, was born in Pittsburgh, Pa., in 1829. His parents, Thomas and Jane (Dill worth) Smart, had seven children, five of whom are now living. Thomas was born in 1798, and died in 1879. He was an engi- neer twenty-five years, and in early life followed his trade with his brother John. He then came to his native county and purchased 150 acres of land, which was part of the tract of land purchased by his ancestors, and which Thomas owned from 1851 to 1879, and which he left, free of incumbrance, to his family. James Smart, Jr., the remaining male member of the family, with his two maiden sisters, Rebecca and Sarah Jane, now reside on and own the homestead. Tliomas was a cabinetmaker by trade, an occupation he followed for a number of years. James, our subject, received a common-school education, and was in early life employed on the liver with his uncle. He is now super- intending the work on the farm . Andrew Smiley, farmer, P. O. Homewood, was born in Beaver county in 1830. His father, Hugh Smiley, came from County Antrim, Ireland, at an early day and set- tled In North Sewickley township, where he purchased 150 acres of land. He died there in 1858, aged ninety-six years. He married Martha Richey, of Allegheny county, and had eleven children, five of whom are living, Andrew being the tenth child. Our sub- ject was educated In the common schools, and since early childhood has followed farm- ing. He was married, in 1845, to Elizabeth, daughter of William Beatty, of this county, and she has borne him seven children, five of whom are living: Mary C. (Mrs. Sefton), Abigail, Milton, Annie Ji. and James. Mr. Smiley owns about 125 acres of valuable land, and Is one of the most prosperous farmers in Big Beaver township. He is a man highly respected by his neighbors, and all who know him. He is a member of the United Presbyterian church; politically a Republican. George T. Smith, foreman polishing department, Hubbard & Co. 's Axe "Works, Beaver Falls, was born in Pittsburgh, Oct. 21, 1853. He was reared and educated In his native city, where he learned his trade, which he has followed since 1872. He located in Beaver Falls in 1880, where he worked as a journeyman until 1885, when he was promoted to the position he now occupies. He is a respected citizen, a member of the Mystic circle; in politics a Republican. Jacob Smith, postmaster and farmer, P. 0, Rowe, was born in Allegheny county in 1818. Jacob, his father, came to Beaver county is 1832. He married, near Mahoning town, Catherine, daughter of Powell Smith, of Allegheny county, and they had four- teen children, of whom Jacob is the fifth child. The father died at the age of forty- nine years, and the mother at the age of eighty. Jacob has resided on his present farm since 1854, the property consisting of 120 acres. He was married, in 1843, to Sophia, daughter of William Alexander, of this county, and has had three children, of whom two are living: William A. and Calvin A . Mr. Smith Is a member of the United Pres- byterian church of Darlington; in politics he Is a Republican. His grandfather, Philip, came from Germany, and was in the Revolutionary War. 722 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. Samuel M. Smith, farmer and stock grower, P. O. Beaver, was born in Lawrence county,-Pa., in August, 1841, a son of David and Catherine (McKee) Smith, who were born in Ireland and came to America when children, former of whom was a carnage maker and followed that business for years in Lawrence county. They raised a family of six daughters and five sons. Samuel M., the second, was reared in Enon Valley, and attended the common schools. Early in life he learned the plastering trade, and later worked at the carpenter's trade until the fall of 1877, when he came to Brighton township, bought a farm, and has since turned his attention to tilling the soil. He was married, in 1877, to Margaret A. McGaffle, whose parents were early Irish settlers of Beaver county. Their children now living are Anna, David and Laura. Mr. and Mrs. Smith are members of the Presbyterian church. Coleman Stetnpeld, butcher, Beaver falls, was born in Prussia Sept. 25, 18-^9, being a son of Raphael and Rosa Steinfeld, who emigrated in 1854, and settled in Ro- chester, Beaver county, at' which place and New Brighton Raphael carried on the butchering business until 1873. In 1867 he embarked in the clothing business, in whi( h he was engaged until his death in 1882. He had ten children, eight still living : Her- man, Lena (Mrs. M. Schiff), Coleman, Hannah (Mrs. Asher Hanauer), Alexander. Re- becca (Mrs. Joseph Ellsoffer), Mary (Mrs. Isaac Spanier), and Amelia (Mrs. Jonas Blumenthal). Our sub,iect engaged in the butchering business with his father in New Brighton in 1868, which partnership existed until Sept. 1, 1873. He then opened a market in Beaver Falls, where he has a large and lucrative business. Mr. Steinfeld married, Sept. 3, 1878, Julia, daughter of Joseph and Mena Lazarus, of Rochester, Pa., and by her he has ten children ; Lena, Sadie, Marcus, Cora, Bernard, Harry, Raphael, Charles, Louis and Hannah. AnoHiB Stewart, agent of the Gas Company and dealer in real estate. Bridge- water, was born in Moon township, Beaver county, Jan. 29, 1844, and is a son of John and Barbaria (Knox) Stewart, natives of Washington county. Pa , and of Scotch and German descent. His father was a farmer and coal dealer, and an early settler of Bea- ver county, Our subiect is one of a family of six children, was reared in Moon town- ship on the farm, and attended the common school and the college at Beaver, Pa. At the age of seventeen he went on the Ohio, and followed the river for several years. He started in, first doing boys' work, was promoted and finally became managing owner of a steamboat, and in 1882 was interested in several other boats. He sold out all his river interests in 1887, and has since been agent for the gas company . He was actively engaged in the manufacture of fire-brick, in Moon township, for a time. He has dealt in real estate in Bridgewater, where he now resides, and is the owner of seven houses and lots. He was married in Beaver county, in 1880, to Gertrude E., daugh- ter of John Miller. This union has been blessed with two children : Anna R. and John A. Mr. Stewart is a member of the Presbyterian, Mrs. Stewart of the English Lutheran church. In politics he is a Republican. He is a member of the I. O. O F. lodge and encampment . Chakles E. Stewart, manufacturer, Beaver, was born in Butler county, Pa., in 1847, and is a son of Charles M. and Priscilla (Appleton) Stewart, who were of Engl sh descent, former a manufacturer of lumber, who came to Beaver county in 1827, and spent the greater part of the remaining portion of his life here. He died at New Brighton in 1864. His family consisted of eight children. Charles E., the only son, was reared in New Brighton, and attended the common schools there. Early in life he commenced dealing in wall-paper, and met with success as a dealer. He then engaged in business as a manufacturer of wall-paper, and since 1875 has been manufacturing in New York City. He still owns a neat and substantial residence on Third street, Bea- ver. He was married in 1871 to Anna M. , daughter of George Christian. Her parents were natives of Allegheny City. Jlr. and Mrs. Stewart have following named chil- dren : Charles E., Jr., Florence M., George T. and Nellie P. Mrs. Stewart is a mem- ber of the Methodist Episcopal church. ;Mr. Stewart is a F. & A. M.; in politics a Republican. The family spend the summer months in Beaver borough. BIOGRAPHIES WEST SIDE. T23 Dan H. Stone, prothonotary, Beaver, is a native of Beaver county and a son of Dan H. and ]\[ary (Patterson) Stone. His father veas born in Connecticut in 1803, and came with his parents to Beaver county in 1812. Our subject's mother vpas a member of the Patterson family, who were among the early settlers. His father and grandfather were owners of steam vessels. The grandfather was captain on an ocean sliip, the father, of Mississippi, Jlissouri and Ohio river steamers, and was at one time owner of an extensive steamboat line. He met with success in that business, but when in later life he left the water and embarked in other business enterprises, he did not succeed. He died in 1879. His family consisted of seven children. Dan H., the third child, was reared in Beaver county, attended the public school and worked on the farm'. "When his brother was elected prothonotary in 1879, Dan H. acted as his deputy, and in 1885 he was elected to the ofl5ce himself. He is eminently qualified to fill the posi- tion, having had the experience before he assumed the responsibility. He is thoroughly familiar with all the details of the oiflce. In politics he is a Republican. Stbphbn p. Stone, bank cashier, P. O. Beaver, was born in this county Sept. 17, 18.54, and is a son of Dan H. and Miry (Patterson) Stone. His father was born in Con- necticut, but spent most of his life in this county, where he met his wife. She was born in Beaver Falls, and is a descendant of one of the earliest families of the county. Dan H. Stone was on the river in several capacities, and met with success in business. At one time he was principal owner of an extensive line of steamboats on the Missis- sippi and Ohio rivers. In the latter part of his life he sold out his interest in the steam- boat line, bought land and embarked extensively in the sawmill business. He had seven children— three daughters and four sons — Stephen P. being the eldest. Dan H. is now prothonotary of Beaver county. Stephen P. attended the public schools of Beaver, and the Beaver Academy. When sixteen years old he went to work on a farm and steam sawmill owned by his father in Marion township, this county, where he was employed uatil the panic of 1873 swept away everything that his father owned, and left the family without means of support. His father (who died in 1879) being disabled by advanced age and sickness, Stephen worked as a laborer to support the family. "When the new courthouse was built, he worked at the excavation as a day laborer. In the summer and fall of 1876 he was employed on the engineer corps that surveyed and laid out the Pittsburg & Lake Erie Railroad from Pittsburgh to Youngstown, Ohio. In 1877 he was appointed deputy prothonotary, and in 1879 he was elected to the ofHce of prothonotary, being re-elected in 1883. After the close of his second term he accepted the position of assistant cashier of the Beaver Deposit Bank. He was married May 13, 1887, to Louise M., daughter of George "W. Knox, a retired attorney of Philadelphia. Mrs. Stone is a member of the Presbyterian church. Mr. Stone is a P. & A. M. and a member of the I. 0.0. F. Politically he is a Republican. Judge Edwin H. Stowe was born Jan. 3, 1836, in the town of Beaver, the eldest son of Hiram Stowe and Martha Darragh, a daughter of Major Robert Darragh, who, at one time represented Beaver county in the state senate. The wife of Major Darragh was Deborah Hart, a granddaughter of John Hart, of New Jersey, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. The grandfather of Hiram Stowe was a soldier of the revolution from Connecticut, and his father having purchased a farm near "Warren, Ohio, in the western reserve, removed there with his family in 1808. Hiram being a man of enterprise and having a taste for mercantile pursuits, when quite young left his father's home and removed to Beaver county, where, in 1833, he embarked in business in the town of Beaver. In 1837 he removed to a village on the west side of the Beaver river, now known as Bridgewater, and entered into partnership with Mr. Darragh, then engaged in merchandising at that place, the firm becoming H. Stowe & Co. The busi- ness, which prospered, was continued until 1836, when Mr. Stowe, having been elected cashier of the Branch Bank of Pittsburgh, located in Beaver, retained that position until 1839, when the branch was withdrawn. He was after that date not actively engaged in any business of his own, but interested in a number of enterprises, and at his death, in 1877, was a director of the "Western Insurance Company, and the People's Savings Bank, Y24 HISTOEY OF BEAVEK COUNTY. of Pittsburgh, as also of the Little Sawmill Run Railroad Company. He was at one time director of the Cleveland & Pittsburg Railroad Company. His widow still resides at iiew Brighton, at the ripe age of eighty -three years. Edwin H. Stowe was carefully nurtured, and enjoyed every advantage of education at command. For a time he was a pupil of the academy at Beaver, but becoming dissatisfied, withdrew from it and recited to Samuel B. Coulter, a graduate of Jefferson College, and an accomplished scholar. In 1843 he entered Washington College, from which he was graduated in 1845 . Removing to Pittsburgh in the fall of 1846 he entered the oiHce of the late Judge Hampton, then a member of Congress from Allegheny county, as a student of law. He was admitted to the bar in 1849, and soon after opened an office as an attorney at law. Of a retiring dis- position he formed few acquaintances outside the profession, but upon the students and members of the bar he made a favorable impression. His progress was at first slow and discouraging; indeed, so much so, that, at times, he bitterly regretted his choice of a profession. But there was no retreat without disgrace, and be resolved by patience and assiduous study to prepare for better days. In 1855 he entered into partnership with John H. Hampton, Esq., a former schoolmate and the son of his preceptor. Soon busi- ness came witli unstinted measure to the new firm, and the success of Stowe & Hampton was assured. In 18f 9 Judge Stowe's name was first mentioned for a judicial position among the members of the bar, and in 1862 he was nominated by the Republican party and elected judge of the Common Pleas Court of Allegheny county. It required but a brief time to gain the confidence of the public as a judge both " competent and honest." In 1864 Judge Stowe married Miss Emma Vick, youngest daughter of Charles Vicli, Esq. , an English gentleman of culture and means, who came to this country and settled in Allegheny City. Their three sons were Charles H., who died in 1881 in his fifteenth year; Edwin "Walford and Percy Van Deusen, born in 1870 and 1874, respectively. In 1873 Judge Stowe was unanimously reelected a judge of the Common Pleas Court, and in 1882 the same flattering distinction was shown him. His experience on the bench for twenty -five years has extended through all branches of criminal and civil law, and his judicial career has met with public approval . One of the leading Pittsburgh journals thus speaks of him : A number of the most important cases recently tried in our courts have been tried before him In the majority of these, of course, the most delicate questions were of a character to be appreciated only by those learned in the law. A few of these are ineresting even to a lay mind, however. In the famous Clarke-McCully ''Bond of Friendship" case, his ruling that Clarke was a competent witness, afterward upon re-argument affirmed by the supreme court, by a divided court, won the case for him. That is known as the " Rising Main Case" is a leading case on the power of the city councils to dis- criminate between bidders for public work, and award a contract to a bidder other than the lowest . In the Ortwein murder case, which was tried before Judge Stowe, the doctrine was laid down for the first time in this state, that where the defense of insanity was set up against the charge of murder, the insanity must be proved to the satisfaction of the jury. It was not sufficient to merely raise a reasonable doubt in their minds. In this he was sustained by the supreme court, and it is as now settled law . He also presided at the trial of Lane, the poisoner, and Lenkner, who murdered his partner. More recently he has held the scales in the contest of the river men with the Hostetter Smithfield Bridge Company, the protracted Oak Alley church wrangle and the Lawrenceville graveyard case. ' To these may be added the case against James Nutt for the murder of Dukes, who had killed Nutt's father shortly before, and been acquitted by a jury, and in retaliation for which Nutt killed him, sent from Fayette county, and in' which " impulsive insanity" was relied upon as a defense; and the Commonwealth vs. Riddle et al, president and dii ector of the Penn Bank, of Pittsburgh, for embezzlement. Elijah Sthatton, farmer, P. O. Beaver Falls, was born in Chippewa township in 1835, a son of John and Hester (Cochran) Strattun. His father, who was formerly of New Jersey, settled in Chippewa township, this county, about 1825, where he cleared and improved a farm, on which he lived and died. His children were Samuel (deceased) John W., Elijah, Margaret and Sarah A. Elijah was reared in Chippewa township' BIOGRAPHIKS WEST SIDE. '725 and spent fifteen years of his early manhood in Illinois. In 1862 he enlisted in Com- pany C, 84th Illinois Volunteers, and participated in the battles of Stone River and Perrysville, Chickamaiiga, Lookout Mountain, the siege of Atlanta, Franklin, Nash- ville and other engagements, and was honorably discharged in 1865. He returned to Chippewa township, this county, in 1874, where he has since resided and been engaged in farming. He has been married twice. His first wife was Jane Craethbanni, by whom he had one son, Charles. His second wife was Emeline B., daughter of Charhs and Esther (Hite) McMillan, early settlers of Cliippewa township. Mr Stratton is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and a standi advocate of prohibition. Ulysses S. Strouss, physician, was born in Hanover township, this county, June 5, 1848, and is a son of David and Emily (Wopdrough) Strouss, who were of English and Grermau origin. The father was a farmer and tanner, and had eleven children. Our subject was reared on the farm, and attended the district school and the academy at Mansfield, Pa. He studied medicine with Dr. Walker, of Mansfield, Pa., and after- ward with Dr. Moon, at Ho*kstown. He then entered the medical department of ihe Western Reserve College at Cleveland, Ohio, where he was graduated in 1872. He began practice at Hookstown, where he remained until 1874, when he went to Ohioville, and ten years later came to Beaver, where he has since been in active practice. Pie is very attentive to his professional duties, and courteous to rich and poor alike. He is a member of the Beaver County Medical Society. The Doctor was married, in 1871, to Esther, daughter of James M. Platford, and of Irish descent. Their children are Jennie and Martha. Jlrs. Strouss is a member of the Presbyterian church. The Doctor is a Democrat; he is a Master Mason. Albert Strub, glass mould maker, Beaver Falls, was born in Allegheny City, March 31, 18)3, a son of Morau and Magdalena (Altenbaugh) Strub, natives of Alsace, Germany. His father settled in Allegheny City about 1847, and has resided in Beaver Falls since 1S86. He has eight children living: Joseph, Albert, Louisa, Victoria, Leon- ard, Caroline, William and Titus. Albert learned the trade of glass mould making in Pittsburgh, and followed it in Allegheny county five years. He came to Beaver Falls in 1874, and for seven years worked as a machinist in the Beaver Falls Cutlery Works and Hartman Nail Mill. Since 1884 he hasworked as aglass mould makerinBeavereounty. April 11, 1877, he married Mary M., daughter of John A. and Caroline (Fischer) Paff, by whom he has two children: John M. and Agnes. Mr. Strub is a member of the Catholic church and the Catholic Mutual Benefit Association. Politically he is a Dem- ocrat . Leonard Strub, furniture dealer, Beaver Falls, was born in Allegheny City, Pa., Nov. 23, 1847, and is a son of Leonard and Catherine (Krepps; Strub, both natives of Alsace. His father came to America in 1832, and was employed in New York City for several years, after which he located in Allegheny City, Pa., where he became a suc- cessful and prominent starch manufacturer, and was engaged in that business for up- wards of forty years. His wife was a daughter of Joseph Krepps, Sr., of Lorraine, and a pioneer of Allegheny City. Leonard Strub was reared and educated in bis native city. In 1868 he embarked in business as a photographer in Allegheny City, having by hard study and indomitable perseverance mastered the art without any instruction from others. He continued in business in Allegheny City and Pittsburgh, until 1885. He has been a resident of Beaver Falls since 1882, and from the spring of 1885 imtil February, 1886, conducted a photograph gallery in that borough. In May, 1886, he embarked m the furniture business, in which he has since been successfully engaged. He carries the largest stock in Beaver county; his stores, Nos. 805, 805i^ and 807, Sevenlh Ave.,' now occupy about 6,000 square feet of storeroom, and if hislmsiness still increases as it has done he will have to add as much more room. He married, in 1871, Lena, daughter of Peter and Mary Lena Saladin, of Allegheny cortnty, formerly of Switzerland. By this union there are six children: Francis L., EmmaR., TressaM,, Carrie A., Stella M., and Walter R. Mr. Strub's residence is on corner of Eighth street and Church avenue. Henry Stubkr, farmer and milkman, P. 0., Beaver Falls, is a native of this county. 726 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. and was born June 32, 1861. He is a son of Jacob and Kate (Miller) Stuber. Jacob is a native of Germany, but has been a resident of Beaver county upward of thirty years. He is a shoemaker by trade, but of late has been engaged in farming, and is now a resi- dent of Pulaski township. He has three children living: Henry, Catherine and John. Henry was reared in Beaver county, married Mary, daughter of Jacob and Lizzie Klein, of Pulaski township, and has one daughter, Lizzie. He is a prominent dairyman and farmer of Chippewa township. He is a member of the Presbyterian church; politically a Democrat. R. E. Tallon, contractor, Beaver, of the firm of Harton & Tallon, contractors and builders, was born June 13, 1849, and is a son of Robert and Eliza (Daniels) Tallon, former a native of Ireland and latter of Beaver county. Her father was Stacy Daniels, one of the early settlers of this county. Our subject's grandfather came f n m Ireland and settled in Pittsburgh in 1824. He soon moved to Westmoreland countj, Pa., where he died. Robert, the father of R. E , grew to manhood on the farm, and engas-ed in the manufacture of boots and shoes. In 1847 he came to Beaver county, ai.d is still in business in New Brighton. He had twelve children, nine sons and three daughters, of whom nine are living, all in Beaver county, R. E., being the fourth s(.n. He was reared in Beaver borough, attended public school and the academy, and early in life learned the carpenter's trade, at which he worked as a journeyman for a time. The firm of Harton & Tallon was formed in 1873, and since then they have done a large part of thd building and contracting of Beaver county. At present they have under way ten contracts, one of them for a church in Ohio, which is to cost $35,000. They employ about sixty men. In 1868 Mr. Tallon was married to Emma Jones, which union has beenble-ssed with five children: Effie, Josie, Fred, Maud and Sadie. Mr. and Mrs. Tallon are members of the Methodist church; in politics he is a Republican. Mr. Tal- lon served through the Indian war in the Indian Territory, in 1868, with Gen. Custer. R. T. Taylor, college president, Beaver, was born in Otsego county, N. Y., June 39, 1826, and is a son of Epaphro and Caroline (Morse) Taylor, who were of English descent, the father a native of Connecticut and a farmer, the mother of ]^[al■^a chusetts. Their family consisted of nine children, of whom R. T. is the second Our subject was reared on the farm, attended select school in his native county, and at the age or seventeen commenced teaching school. He taught in winter and worked on the farm in summer until he reached his twentieth year, when he entered the Cazenovia Seminary, in Madison county, N. Y., to prepare for college. He remained there three years, then again engaged in teaching. He was principal of the Brookville Academy for two years; then entered the sophomore class at the Wesleyan University, at Middletown, Conn., in the regular classical course. He was graduated in 1854, and was elected a memher of the " Phi Beta Kappa Society." He accepted a professorship in the Ritlen- house Academy, Washington, D. C, where he remained two years. He subsequently taught in a college at Pittsburgh ; also taught in a high school in Ohio, his success as a teacher placing him in the front rank of his profession. He came to Beaver in 1859 as principal of the Beaver Eemale Seminary, and has been at the head of the institution through its various changes ever since. In 1873 it was chartered as the Beaver College and Musical Institute, and Mr. Taylor was elected president. The growth of the college is largely due to his exertions. The degree of A. M. was conferred on him by his Alma Mater, and that of D. D. by Allegheny College, in 1871. He was married July 29, 1856, to Amelia, daughter of Julius and Julia (Berry) Spencer. This union has been blessed with three children: Edmonia, wife of S. A. Hill, who is a professor In Muir College, in India; Caroline A. and .Julia E., at home. All are members of the Methodist Church. President Taylor has been a member of the church ever since he was fourteen years old. He was licensed to preach in 1853, joined the Pittsburgh Conference in 1858, and is still a member. He served twenty-five years as superintendent of the Beaver Sabbalh school. J. H. Telford, publisher Daily Tribune, Beaver Falls, was born in Allegheny City, Aug. 8, 1847, and is a son of James and Sarah (Hamil) Telford, and of Scotch -Irish BICGEAPHIES WEST SIDE. 727 descent. He graduated from the public schools of his native city, find served an appren- ticeship of four years in Pittsburgh, at the printing trade, after which he held several positions of respimsibility in that line of business. He was in llie employ of the Chris- tian Advocate of Pittsburgh, for eight years, W\Q Me.thodist Recorder, eighteen months, and was foreman in the job office of Moore & Nesbit, of Pittsburgh, for four years. He has always been an ardent Republican and strong party man. In December, 1887, he located in Beaver Palls, and purchased of Jacob Weyand a half interest in the Weekly Tribtine. A year later he bought his partner's interest, and has since conducted tlie business, which has more than trebled itself under his management. In August, 1884, Mr. Telford started the Daily Tribune, which takes front rank among the country dailies of the state, and is quite a factor in county politics. While holding to his own views, :JIr. Telford bars none who oppose them from the use of the columns of his paper. William Thomas, farmer, P. O. Beaver Falls, was born in Chippewa township, Sept. 14, 1821, a son of Ethan and Elizabeth (Eads) Thomas, the former a native of Maryland and the latter of Virginia. They were pioneers of Beaver count}', who first located in Patterson township, and later in Chippewa. They had eight children: Isaiah, John, James, David, William, Daniel, Mary A. (Mrs. Jeremiah Britton) and Lena (Mrs. Daniel Daniels). William was reared in Chippewa township, and succeeded to the homestead where he has always resided, with the exception of six years, three of which he was engaged in mercantile business in Beaver, and three spent in New Brighton in private life. In 1850 he married Mary A., daughter of Jacob and Susan Young, of Columbiana county, Ohio. Mr. Thomas is a prominent citizen of Chippewa township, and has served as county auditor for one terra, and justice of the peace several terms. He is a member of the Baptist church; politically he is a Republican. W. H. S. Thomson, attorney, Beaver, a member of the firm of Thomson & Martin, was born in Independence township, this county, Nov. 16, 1856. He is of Scotch descent, a son of Alexander R. and Hannah (Charles) Thomson, the former of whom was born in Beaver county, and the latter in Allegheny county. His father was a physician, and also studied law, but his health failed and he moved to a farm in Independence township, where he became one of the influential farmers of the county. In 1883 he was elected a member of the legislature. He was twice married, and had four children by his first wife, and one by his second, W. H. S. being the youngest child by the first wife. Our subject was reared here and in the South (where his father used to spend his winters), attended Washington and Jefferson College, and studied civil engineering, thinking to make that his profession; but his father prevailed on him to study law. He was admitted to the bar in 1880, in Cabell county, W. Va.; was admitted here in 1881, and has been in active practice ever since. In politics he is a Democrat, and served two years as chairman of the Democratic committee. Mr. Thomson was married, May 12, 1887, to Mary E., daughter of Hon. D. L. Imbrie, who has been a member of the legis- lature from Beaver county, and also state senator. Mrs. Thomson is a member of the United Presbyterian church, of Beaver. Nicholas Todd, farmer, P. O. Beaver, was born in Ohio township, this county, April 20, 1823. His parents, Alexander and Sarah (Stephens) Todd, were natives of Fayette county, and of English and Irish descent. His grandfather, John Stephens, was a soldier in the revolutionary war. The Todd family have usually been farmers. Nicholas is the youngest of sixteen children, and after attending the old-fashioned log school-house in Ohio township, he early in life embarked in farming, has met with suc- cess, and owns the old home farm of 170 acres. He has served as vice-president and president of the agricultural society, and has also served as school director. He married, in 1844, Jemima, daughter of George and Anna (Daniels) Ingles. Her parents were German and English. The children of Mr. and Mrs. Todd now living are P. P., Thomas J., A. J. and H. S. Mr. Todd is a F. & A. M. Politically he is a Democrat. William Todd, A.M., professor of mathematics and naturalscience in BeaverCol- lege and Musical Institute, was born June 8, 1839 . His parents, George and Hannah (Hodgson) Todd, natives of England, came to this country with their parents when they 728 ' HISTORY OF BEAVEB COUNTY. were children. Both were reared in this state, and their fathers were f''^'^^',^. J^.^ were married ia Allegheny county and moved to Armstrong rounty ^Len W Ihsm ^as al,oul two years old, settling on a farm where our subject grew almost to manhood His curly education was received in South Buffalo township, near Freepoit, Aimstiong county. He applied himself so diligently to his studies that at an early age he was able to teach a country school. He was engaged in that occupation when he enlisled in 18bj, in Company L, 14th Regiment, P. V. C, being afterward promoted to regimental stew- ard. He served three years and was honorably discharged at the close of the war, at Port Leavenworth, Kan. , in August, 1865 . He returned to Armstrong county and soon afterward entered Allegheny College, at Meadville, Pa., from which institution he was graduated in 1868. The same year he accepted a position as principal of the 1 cms Kiver (N J ) school. He was then professor of mathematics for two years at Wyoming bemi- nary Kingston, Pa., and subsequently principal of tlie public school at Smilhfield,_Uhio, for two years, after which he accepted a position as principal of the Carrier beminarj at Clarion, Pa., where he remained three years. In 1877 he was elected by the board ot trustees of Beaver College to his present position. He has been a student all bis "te. He has lectured on educational subjects, but since coming to Beaver has devoted his time to his profession. When he assumed the responsibility of an instructor he did it with a firm determination to succeed, and being blessed with good health he has been able to continue his studies while teaching. Mr. Todd was married, in Butler county in 1870 to Belle A., daughter of James and Mary (McCaflerty) Hunter, who were ot Iri,sh origin. Mr. and Mrs. Todd have had three children ; Clj de, Pearl and Clarence. Professor Todd and his -wife are memliers of the Methodist church, and he is assistant superintendent of the Sabbath-school. In politics he is a Republican. J. A. ToMLiNSON, oil and gas operator, Beaver, was born in Canada, March 3, 1845, son of Robert and Mary (Harrison) Tomlinson, who were of English origin. Thefather, who was a farmer, came to New York State in 1831, and settled on a farm there. He spent part of his life in Canada, where he also owned property. He had seven sons and three daughters. J. A., the second son, was reared in Canada on the farm, and attended the common school. Early in life he embarked in the oil business. He came to Beaver county in 1883, being interested in the first gas well here, and has sunk several eas and oil wells. He was married, in 1870, to Amelia, daughter of Nicholas and Diana (Sprague) Betmett, natives of Canada, and of English descent. The children of Ut. and Mrs. Tomlinson are Leora, Jessie, Gilbert, Lee and Everett. Mr. Tomlinson is a Republi- can. Mrs. Tomlinson is a member of the Methodist church. Sebastian Tkbss, glass mixer, Beaver Falls, was born in Wiirtemberg, Germany, J an. -20, 1837, and is a son of Anton and Faronika (Mantz) Tress. He came to America in 1854, stopping in Alleglieny county two months; then went to Clarion county. Pa., where he remained until 1858, in which year he located in Natrona, Allegheny county, where he worked in a black asli furnace six years. In 1864 he removed to Pittsburgh and entered the employ of a glass firm, where he learned the trade of glass-mixer, which he has since followed. He settled in Beaver Falls in 1879, and became one of the organ- izers of the Cooperative Flint Glass Works, of which he is a stockholder. He was twice married; his first wife being Crasin Bck, by whom he has six children living: Frances, Isaac, Anton, Frank, John and Joseph. His second wife was Eva Smith. Mr. Tress is a member of the German Catholic church. In politics he is a Democrat. B. A. Vance, physician, Darlington, was born in Columbiana county, Ohio, in 1844, and is the fourth son born to Samuel 'R. and Marie (GilfiUian) Vance, the latter a daughter of Dr. Alex. Gilfillian, of Lawrence county. Pa. Dr. Vance received in youth an academic education and afterward attended New Wellington College. At the aa:e of twenty-eight years he began the study of medicine. Dr. Robinson being his preceptor, and graduated at Miami Medical College, Cincinnati, in 1874. He was mar- ried, in 1878, to Ella, daughter of Rev. Evatron Johnson, of New York. They have no children. In 1877 the Doctor located in Darlington, and since that date has been engaged in a large and lucrative practice . He has a very extensive and valuable medical library, politics he is a Democrat . BIOGEAPHIES — WEST SIDE. 729 Henry Veon (deceased) was born June 18, 1794. His father was a German soldier who had, during the revolution, been forced into the service of the English cause by his native ruler, and who, after being captured in the battle of Trenton, espoused the cause of the Americans, which he knew to be the cause of liberty and justice. After the war he removed to Beaver county, where his son was born. Henry, being poor, learned the trade af blacksmithing, and continued at it until 1830, when he married, purchased a farm, and moved thereon, where he lived until Dec. 37, 1883. His eldest son, John, a farmer, of Darlington, was born in 1831 in Beaver county, being one of thirteen chil- dren born to his mother, Barbara Douthitt. He was married to Eliza Jane Christy, by whom he had thirteen children, seven of whom are living. They are Walter Scott, Mary Jane, Alice Matilda, James Henry, John Franklin, Jesse Fremont and Albert Logan. Mr. Veon has held several township oflBces, and is a Republican in politics. The youngest son, George S. Veon, was born in 1838, on the farm which he now resides on and owns. He was married in 1864 to Ella, daughter of Jacob and EUenora Court- ney, by whom he had five children, four living, named: M. H., William S., George C. and Cliarles Edward. In 1861 Mr. Veon enlisted in Company D, 100th RegimentP. V., known as the " Roundhead " regiment, and was in active service two years, from which he received an honorable discharge. He has been school director; is a member of the G. A. R , and of the Presbyterian church. He is a Republican. George W. Verner, glass blower, Beaver Falls, was born in Pittsburgh, and is a son of William and Priscilla Verner. He was reared in Pittsburgh, and learned his trade In Chicago with John and George Wheeler, assisted by Philip Scharff and John W. Carr. He was in the employ of Hogan & Chandler, of Pittsburgh, for five years. In 1879 he located in Beaver Falls, and became one of the organizers of the Coopera- tive Flint Glass Works, of which he is a stockholder, and has since been employed there. He came to Beaver Falls with few pecuniary advantages, but by industry and economy has accumulated a fine property. He has served one term as member of council for the borough of Beaver Falls. In politics he is a Democrat. Charles C. Vogeley, secretary and treasurer of the Cooperative Glass Works, Beaver Falls, was born in Pittsburgh, Oct. 18, 1843, and is a son of Conrad and Cath- erine (Snyder) Vogeley. His father was a native of Germany, shoemaker by trade, and an early settler of Pittsburgh, where he died Sept. 33, 1884. Our subject was reared and educated in Pittsliurgh. and acted as traveling salesman for the Atlantic Glass Company and other firms of that city, from 1875 until 1879. He then located in Beaver Falls and served as shipping clerk for the Cooperative Glass Company fur two years. He was then elected chairman, >trving three ytar.=, since TNhich time he has held his presi-nt prisition. He was married. May 4, 1883, to Laura E., daughter of Philip and Helena (Duer) Metschen, of Phillipsburg, and by her he has two children : Helen and Albert. Mr. Vogeley is a member of the Lutheran church ; in politics a Republican. John Volk (deceasied) was born April 31, 1853, in Wittenberg, Germany, where he was reared and educated, and learned the brewer and cooper trades. He came to America in 1875, and settled in Beaver Falls. In 1876 hd purchased the Volk Brewery, established in 1869 by August Volk and W. Leibold, and successfully conducted it un- til his death, In October, 1883. It has since been successfully carried on by his widow, Frances Volk. She is a daughter of John Rebeske, of Beaver Falls. She has two children : Alma A. and Alfred H. Mr. Volk was an energetic business miin ; a mem- ber of the German Catholic church. Lewes J. W.4.gker, brewer, Beaver 'Falls, was born in Germany in 1845, a son of Henry and Wilhelmina Wagner, who came to the United States in 1849, and in 1858 settled in Chippewa township and engaged in farming. In 1880 Henry built the brewery in Beaver Falls now manag^d by Lewis J., which he conducted until his death. May 5, 1884. He left seven children ; Lewis J., Henr}', Caroline, Lena, Charles, Srphia and August. Lewis J. has been the manager of the brewery since its election. He married Cornelia, daughter of Ephraini and Margaret Herriott, of Rochester, Pa., and by her he has six children living: Gertrude, Robert, Harry, Ephraim, Margaret and Y30 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. Bertha. Mr. Wagner enlisted Aug. 8, 1862, in Company F, 140th P. V. I., and par- ticipated in the battles of Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Wilderness and in other engage- ments ; was wounded in the hip at the battle of Bristow Station, and honorably dis- cliavged at Washington May 31 , 1865. He is a member of the G. A. R. and the Druids. Politically he Is a Democrat. Chaiilbs p. Wali,ace, banker, Beaver Falls, was born in Big Beaver township March 1, 1836, and is a son of Robert and Margaret (Hendrickson) Wallace. His grand- father was John Wallace, who in 1770, with three Ijrothers, emigrated from Londonder- ry, Ireland.- William located in Goshen, N. Y., and many of his descendants, a number of whom occupy prominent positions, still reside in that city and New York. James settled in Philadelphia, and from him spring many of the Wallace families in the ea.st- ern part of the state. Hugh went to South Carolina, where there is to-day a large con- nectiiiii; and John, above mentioned, settled in Carlisle, Pa., married and had one son, AVilliani, who was reared by his grandparents. He married a Philadelphian and reared a larffe family, from whom came wliat are known as the Carlisle Wallaces. Ex-Govein- or \Vallace, of Washington territory, is one of that family. Gen. Lew Wallace, who distinguished himself in the War of the Rebellion, and late Minister to Constantintple, is another. Dr. Wallace, of Springfield, 111., aijd exU. S. Senator William A. Wallace, of Clearfield, Pa,, are also of this faujily. John Wallace, after the death of his wife, returned to Ireland and married a Miss Crawford, a sister of Mrs. John Scott, well known in the pioneer days of Beaver county. He remained near Londonderry until his cliildren, six in number, were born, and in 1797 returned to America and settled in Cecil county, Md. His youngest son, Robert, when quite a boy, served as a soldier in the War of, 1812, and drew a pension. Soon after the close of the war he settled at Beaver Falls, and married Margaret, daughter of Daniel Hendrickson, of New Castle, and by her he had ten children: Dr. John W., of New Castle; Daniel H., of New Castle, late Lieutenant-Colonel of the 76th P. V.; Dr. James J. and Dr. Robert D.," of New Cutle; GrawfordC, of Homewood, Pa.; David W., (deceased), late of Leetonia, Ohio; diaries P.; Elizabeth; Ada (deceased) and William, of Plomewood, Pa. Robert Wal- lace was well and favorably known in Beaver county. He was a man of more than or- dinary ability, and was regarded by his neighbors as a man of sterling uprightness, whose word was as good as his bond. He was, in connection with Jeremiah Bannon, owner of t lid Brighton Furnace; was sheriff of the county from 1848 to 1851; supervisor of the EiieCanal 1836-37-38, and again in 1847. He died March 7, 1883, in his eighty-seventh year. Hisson Charles P , was reared in Beaver county and married Mary T., daughter of J,)lin and Sophronia (Jackson) Tarris, of Big Beaver township, and by her he hag five children; David S., Dicky M., Glendia H., Cora and Bertha J. Mr. Wallace was tre isurer of Beaver county in 1871-72. He is cashier of the Exchange Bank, treasurei of Bedver Falls Building and Loan Association, treasurer of Beaver Falls Borough, and secretary and treasurer of Grand View Cemetery. He is a mtmber of the A. O. U. W. and I. O. O. F.; politically he is a Republican, Coi^. Richard Walton, farmer and blacksmith, P. 0., Industry, is a native of this county and a son of Richard and Catherine (Small) Walton, the latter a daughter of Jacob Small. The father was a son of Thomas Walton, who came from Germany and married Nancy Bowers, who bore him four 'children. Richard, Sr., the eldest child and only son, came to Allegheny county, and later settled on 400 acres of land in this ouuty. He had four sons and six daughters, of whom Richard, Jr., is the third son. The latter at the age of fourteen learned blacksmithing, a trade he followed more or less lUrough life. For thirty two years he has resided on his present farm of ninety-one acres, where he has combined agriculture with his trade. He has been a successful bee-keeper, having had as many as 100 hives at a time. He was married in 1843, to Eliza, daugliter of William MoElhaney, of this county, and seven children have blessed them- Jane (now Mrs. Swager), Lydia (now Mrs, Munn), R. T., William M., Eliza (now Mrs Abner), Flora B. and Lou E. Walton. j>.r. Walton in early life took active part in the politics of the county, and to-day is the only man living in the township ■who served BIOGEAPHIKS — WEST SIDE. 731 "Bred Notices" under a law in early times for imprisoning for debt. He and his fam- ily are members of the United Presbyterian church. In politics he is a Republican. In 1887 he was elected one of the directors of the alms-house of the county, and Jan. 1, 1888, was elected president of the board of directors. Being a great and successful hunter he gained the title of "Colonel of the Fur Company." Thompson Warnock, farmer, P. O. Darlington, was born in North Sewickley township in 1827. His parents, David and Jane (Thompson) Warnock, had a family of four sons and four daughters, Thompson being the third son. David was a soldier in the War of 1813, and was always a farmer. Thompson was reared on the farm, the pur- suits of which have been his principal occupation, although for twenty years he was engaged in mercantile business. He received a common-school education, and in 1858 was married to Nancy Jane, daughter of James Wilson, of this county. Their children are Frank Morton (a druggist), Ellen Jane, James T and Margaret. Mrs. Warnock died in 1883, aged forty-four years. Mr. Warnock came to South Beaver township in 1873, and purchased his present farm of 160 acres. He is a member of the Presbyterian church; politically a Eepublican. J. MooRE Wakkick, farmer, P. O. Rowe, is a grandson of Isaac Warrick, who set- tled in Beaver county in 1804. He (Isaac) came from England, and settled in New Jer- sey, where he married Mary Thatcher, whose parents came from England. In 1797 he moved to Gettysburg, and in 1800 settled in Washington county, whence in 1804 he came to this county. He located where the town of Beaver Falls now stands, and remained there until 1807, when he came to South Beaver township, where he purchased 200 acresof land. He had seven sons and three daughters; hedied in 1838, aged eighty- four years. Jesse, the second eldest son, was born in 1787. He was reared a farmer, and in 1810 purchased the farm now owned by our subject. He married Nancy, daugh- ter of William Moore, of Delaware, and had nine children. Jesse died in 1875, aged eighty-eight years, and his wife in 1862, aged seventy-tive. Our subject, J. Moore, has never married. He is assisted in the work of the farm by his nephew, Silas N. Warrick, who is also a teacher. The house occupied by Mr. Warrick was built by his father in 1815, and is in a good state of preservation. Our subject is a Republican, and has manifested considerublf interest in political matters. James H. Watkrs, farmer and gardener, P. O. Beaver, is a native of Ireland and a son of John and Susan (Greei) Waters, former of whom was a farmer. Our subject, who is the second in a family of five children, was reared in Ireland, receiving his educa- tion in the common schools, and has worked at farming all his life. He came to America in 1848, locating in Allegheny county; thence came to Beaver county in 1853, and set- tled in Borough township, where he has since resided. By industry and economy he has achieved success. He was married, in 1849, to Sarah, daughter of Harry and Belle (McLarnen) Kennedy, natives of Ireland, and their children were Elizabeth (wife of Samuel Black); Sarah (deceased); John (an iron boiler or puddler in Pittsburgh, married to Belle Douds); Mary (wife of L. McCullough), and James, a glass packer at Pittsburgh. Mr. and Mrs. Waters are members of the Presbyterian church. In poli- ties he is a Democrat. Wii-LTAM B. Watkins, D. D., pastor of the Methodist Episcopal Church, P. O, Beaver. Pa. , was born in Bridgewater, Ohio, May 2, 1834, and is a son of John and Sarah (Hunter) Watkine. His mother was the fourth white child born in Steubenville, Ohio. His father was born in Jefferson county, Ohio, and was for many years a pilot on the Ohio and Mississippi rivers. He had six rhildn n, 1-woof'wLcm Jott th( ir lives in Ihe strvlce of their country: John B., a quartermaster sergeant, and Daniel Z , a lieuttnant. Our subject's parents moved to Wheeling, W. Va., when he was a child, ard he received his earliest education there, attending the first public free schools established in that place. He also attended the Liudsley Institute, and afteiwaid became assistant teacher in the high school in Wheeling, devoting much of his hisuie time to the study of class- ics. He afterward served three years as principal of a graded school. In 1854 he began the study of law, but before he finished his course he was elected a member of the 732 HISTOEY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. Pittsburgh Conference, accepting liis first charge in 1856. The first five 3-ears of his ministerial life were spent in Ohio. In 1861, he was in Welhhurg, and in lfc62 Le came to New Brighton. He has been in Pennsylvania ever since, except four years spent in Ohio as presiding elder of Steubenville District. Nine years of his life as a minister have been spent in Pittsburgh. In 1884, at the close of a three years' service at the Pitts- burgh Smithfield Street Church, he was sent to his present charge. He is the author of the McGuffey Spelling Book, and the Alternate. He also assisted in revising Web- ster's Dictionary. He is a popular speaker, and has lectured in many states. He has at present an extensive work under preparation; The Etymological Dictionary of American Geographical Names. He has visited sixteen different European countries. He was married in Allegheny county, Oct. 6, 1868, to Rebecca, daughter of Rev. James Mills, and has four children; Annie, a teacher in Ohio; Lucy, who took the first prize at the Beaver High School contest in 1887; Ella and Cora. The family are all members of the Methodist church. James Watt, P. O. Ohioville, was born in Ireland in August, 1823, where his father, James Watt, died. His mother, Isabella Watt, then removed with her family to America, in 1852, and located at Pittsburgh, where she died in 1858. There James was employed for twenty years as a puddler in an iron furnace. His sister, Eliza, widow of Moses Parks, still dwells there; a brother, Samuel, resides in Darlington township, and another brother lives in Ireland. In 1860 Mr. Watt purchased the farm of twenty- eight acres on which he resides near Ohioville, and settled thereon. He also owns 150 acres in Darlington township, and has been quite successful as an agriculturist and oil producer. Believing in the principles of the Republicans, he adheres 10 that party. In 1856 he was united in marriage with Mary Ann Arbulhnot, who was born in Ireland, and has been her husband's faithful helpmate and companion through the years of patient toil that have made their pleasant home. She is the mother of eight living chil- dren, as follows: Isabella (Mrs. John Potts), in Piltsbuigh; Jean (wife of Gef rge Dun- can), in Darlington; Mary and Margaret, with their parents; James, a carpenter at Pitts- burgh; Rachel and Josephine, teachers, and William at home. Recben Watt, farmer and now mill owner, P. O. Canuelton, was born in County Derry, Ireland Jan. 1. 1813. and is the fifth child of Robert (a farmer) and fcabella (Donohue) Watt, who came to America with their family in 1828. Shortly afterward they came to South Beaver township, where the father purchased a farm of 125 acres, and died in 1839, aged sixty-three years. Reuben received his education at the old log school-honse, and is the only member of the family now living in this county. He was married in 1838 to Sarah Ann, daughter of Capt. Thomas and Sarah (Cameron) Elmer, of Upper Canada. Her father was a captain in the war of 1813. and fought against General Scott. Mr. and Mrs. Watt have had ten children, six of whom are living: Isabella (Mrs. Gilchrist), Thomas, who was a member of the famous ' Round Head " regiment and was wounded at Petersburg, June 17, 1864; James, a miller liy trade; Maggie' George, now in Arizona, and Samuel Elmer, now in New Mexico. Mr. Watt carriea on milling in c )nnjctioT with farming, He has retired from active lalior, and for a num- ber of years has devoted his time 10 settling estates, cti . He has been a justice of the peace tor twentyfive years, having been first elected in 1847; also president seven yeais and secretary of tlie school board, eighteen years. He has held many other poMlions < f trust in the townsliip, and is highly respected. He is a member and elder of the Associate Presbyterian churcli; in politics he is a Republican. AND.iEW Watterson, farmer, P. O. Beaver, was born in Scotland Jan 13 1810 and is a son of Andrew and Isabella (Black) Watterson. His father was a weavjr and came to America w 1830; his family came in 1833. Andrew is the third in a familv of eight children that grew to iiaturity. He was reared in Scotland, where he learned the carp-nter's trade, after attending the common sch ,ols for a short time When he reached his mijprity he came to Beaver county and worked at his trade In 1836 he bought a farm in company with his brother, wmnsting of 800 acics of which he still owns 200. He was married m Beaver countj , in 1839, to Mit.s Elizabeth Sc( tt of BIOWRAPHIES- — WEST SUm. Y33 Scotch-Irish descent, and they have had six children: Alexander (deceased) was a soldier in Company M, Sixth U. S. Cavalry; W. 8. (deceased); Elizabeth, wife of B. F. McGrifiBe; Anlrdw, f irjiir, on thi ho;ne farm; Isabella, wife of Thomas Blackwood, M. D.; Rjbacca J. (deceased). j\[r. and Mrs. Watterson are members of the Associate Presbyterian church. He is a Rspublican, and has served as justice of the peace since 1853. William Weil, dealer in dry goods, Beaver Falls, was born in Pesth, Hungary, April 11, 1858, and is a son of Gen. Herman and Hannah (Houpt) Weil. His maternal grandp.irents, John and Lena H)upt, were imprisoned for political reasons during the revolution of 1848. Gen. Weil came to America with Kossuth in 1848, and was a refugee from the Austria-Hungary rebellion. In 1851, with others, he was granted amaesty, and returned to his native land to recover property that had been confiscated, but failed. He returned to the United States in 1864, located in Cleveland, Ohio, and engaged in the commission business until his death, which occurred Feb. 4, 1881. Will- iam Weil was reared in Cleveland, and in 1866 was sent to Pesth, Hungary, where he attended the State University for three years. He returned to Cleveland in 1869, and graiiiated from the public sshools in that city in 1873. He then studied telelegraphy two years, after which he was engaged in newspaper work on the Reno (Nev.) Gazette, the leading paper of that state. In 1879 he embarked in mercantile business in Lead- ville, C>1., remaining tliere one year; then located in Wooster, Ohio, where he was engaged in business five years. In September, 1887, he embarked in the Klry goods business in Beaver Falls, and his establishment is one of the retail trade attractions of this community . L. F. Wi!i[NM\.x, dealer in br>ots and shoes, Bridgewater, was born in Germany, May 8, 1831, and is a son of Adam and Sophia (Hahn) Weinman, former of whom was born in 1800, and in his lifetime did a successful business in contracting, and grading streets. The family consisted of thirteen children, of whom L. P. Is the sixth. Our subject was reared in Germany, and received a good education. He came to America in 1853, and in 1854 to Beaver county. He had learned the shoemaker's trade in Ger- many, and obtained employment with Robert Tallon iif Beaver, where he worked for three years. He is now the oldest boot and shoe dealer in this county. In 1856 he was married to Margaret, also of German descent, daughter of John Gress. His children are Louis P., George, Charles, Frank, James, Katie and Minnie. The family are members of the Presbyterian church. Mr. Weinman is a member of the Lutheran church, in politics a Democrat. He is a Master Mason. He was the principal founder of the first building association in Beaver county, and is now president of the Bridge- water Building Association. William S. Wells, assistant engineer and inspector of bridge materials for the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, Beaver Falls, was born in Altoona, Pa,, May 21, 1860, and is a son of James B. and Lucinda H. (Van De Vere) Wells. He was reared in Har- risburg, Pa., where he received his early education in Seller's Academy. He entered Taylor's Polytechnic Institute, Wilmington, Del . , in 1874, from which he was gradu- ated in 1875. In 1877 he began an apprenticeship at the machinist trade in Altoona Pa., serving three years. He filled the position of assistant engineer of construction with the American Iron Works of Pittsburgh, Pa., in 1880-81-83; took a post-graduate course of instruction at Harvard College in 1884; was appointed in 1885 superintendent of physical culture, Y. M. C. A., of Pittsburgh, and at the same time was a member of the faculty of Pittsburgh Female College; and since Jan. 1, 1886, has held the posi- tion of assistant engineer and inspector of bridge materials for Ihe Pennsylvania Rail- road Company. He located in Beaver Falls in 1867. He is a member of the K. of P.; politically he is Democrat . A. J. Welsh, sheriff, Darlington, was born in this -county May, 6, 1839. His grandfather, James, who was born in South Carolina in 1758, and came to Washington county in 1796, married Mary Peck, by whom were born eight children. Andrew, the fifth son, was born Jan. 5, 1794. In 1796 the family first came to Beaver county where 41 734 HI8T0EY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. they engaged In the farm and hotel businesses, and Andrew, In early life, was employed in boating on the Ohio river. He married Keziah, daughter of Henry Newkirk, of Ohio, originally of Connecticut. Five children were born to this couple, Andrew J. being the youngest. Our subject was born and reared in Chippewa township, receiving a common-school education, and was for many years engaged in farming. He was married- in 1858 to Mary, daughter of Robert and Mary (McBride) Dunlop, and their children are Laura E., Harry G., Ida A. and Charles Ross. Mr. Welsh enlisted in 1861 in Company C, 22nd Illinois Regiment, and served three years . He was justice of the peace nine years. He is now agent for the P. M. & C. Railioad Ccmpany, at Darlington. He was elected sheriff of Beaver county by the Republican party, in 1'887, Michael Wbyand, editor and publisher, P. O. Beaver, was born in Somerset, Pa., June 11, 1825, and is a son of Henry and Magdalene (Ginder) Weyand, both natives of Somerset county, and of German descent. He removed with his parents when a year old to a farm in North Beaver township, then in Beaver and now in Lawrence county. The father was a school teacher and a farmer, teaching in winter time both Ihe English and German languages, and he resided on the same farm until his death; he died in October, 1843, aged fifty-four years. The mother died in August, 1863, aged seventy- three years. There were five brothers and sisters; the elder brother died in October, 1843, aged twenty-four; the other brother, Col. Jacob, resides in Beaver, and is in the real estate business ; the elder sister is married, and resides near Mt. Jackson; the younger sister is married and lives in Beaver. The subject of this sketch was put to the printing business in the New Castle Intelligencer office when but twelve years old, and served as " printer's devil" for one year; then in the spring of 1838, came to the Argus office in Beaver; served an apprenticeship of four and one-half years; then for a time played journeyman; and in November, 1851, purchased Hon. William Henry's half interest in the Argus, and from that time until the close of 1859 was joint, and for several years, sole editor of that journal; being connected therewith as apprentice, journeyman and editor for nearly a quarterof acentury. He was married in November, 1851, to Amanda, daughter of David and Mary Somers, of Beaver; Mr. Somers being county commis- sioner in 1833-34, and high sheriff in 1839-42. He was a native of Washington county and died in August, 1850, aged fifty seven years. His widow, a native of Cape May, N. J., died a year ago, aged nearly ninety four years. The fruits of the marriage first above alluded to were two sons and two daughters, all living in Beaver. The eldest, Henry S., married, and is foreman of the Times office; one daughter married Dr. J. H. Wilson; and a son and daughter, David and Julia, are at home. After a rest of a few years the Beaver Times was founded in April, 1874, by Mr. Weyand, and he is still connected therewith as editor and proprietor, having had wijh him from the start, his sons as assistants. The paper is republican in politics; has always been independent in tone and, action, and is at present the only non-patent journal in the county. He has been connected with the public press in some capacity for over fifty years, and is doubt- less the oldest republican editor now in harness in Western Pennsylvania; and next to "Uncle " Jake Zeigler of the Butler Herald, perhaps the oldest in service in this section of the State. During his long career as journalist he has had many bitter and exciting controveries, but has always sought to avoid offensive personalities as long as such avoidance was possible. He has been a life long Whig and Republican; a protectionist of the Henry Clay school ; he was inflexibly opposed to the extension of slavery, resisted the repeal of the Missouri Compromise, and the introduction of slavery into the terri- tories of Kansas and Nebraska, editorially and on the stump, with all the earnestness and ability he was master of. He held the office of prothonotary of Beaver county six and one-half years, including the time of the late war, one-half year by appointment and six years by election. He was a candidate for presidential elector in 1884 and, with his twenty-nine Republican colleagues was elected with an average majority of about 80 - 000. Whep he came to Beaver fifty years ago he was a lad of delicate health, and it was predicted that he would not live the year out; and yet he has outlived many scores of those who gave much greater promise of long life, and at this writing there are but six male citizens in the town of Beaver who were here when le came. BIOGEA.PHIES — WEST SIDE. 735 Jacob Weyand, the subject of this notice, was born in Lawrence county, near Mount Jaclison, March 39, 1838. He worlied on a farm until he attained his majority, after which he attended school in Beaver for a short time. In 1854 he became part owner of the Argus, and assisted in editing and publishing that paper until the winter of 1857-58, when he disposed of his interest in the Argus and bought the Pree Press at CarroUton, Ohio. Here he was when the war broke out. Catching the martial spirit of the times he sold the Free Press, raised a company of volunteers, was elected its captain, and marched it to Camp Mingo, near Steubenville, Ohio, and was at once attached to. the 136th O. V. I. and mustered into the United States service. For sturdy courage and coolness in the midst of great danger he had no peers in the army. He was twice wounded in battle, and participated in nearly all of the bloody battles in which the army of the Potomac took a part. In the battle at Monooacy, Md., July 9, 1864, he was put in command of his regiment; and an officer on the staff of the commanding general that day, in writing a history of the battle, made use of the following language: Captain Weyand, who was commanding the 136th Ohio Vols, was on the extreme right of the line, with the right of his regiment resting near the Monocacy bridge. After the battle had progressed a short time he was directed by General Wallace to set fire to the bridge, then face his regiment to the left, double quick it to the extreme left of the line, throw it across the pike and hold the position as long as he could. The bridge was fired, and the regiment started off on its perilous mission. It had almost reached its destination, when, as it came abreast of the left of the line of the one-hundred-day men, it met a most unexpected obstruction. Immediately in their front was a farm ditch, about six feet wide and the same in depth, through which a sluggish, shallow stream of water was running. A few feet further was a board fence some five or six feet high, and both running at right angles with the line of battle. Just beyond the ditch and fence was the Washington Pike. The ditch was literally alive with one-hundred-day men, who, all unused to the sort of treatment they were receiving at the hands of the enemy, had taken shelter there from the raking fire which the Confederates hai opened upon the Pike with the view of keeping that thoroughfare open. The enemy were in line of battle on an elevation about four hundred yards in our front and every missile known to savage warfare seemed to be coming down that hard and dusty road. Plowing shot, screaming shell, hurling grape and canister, trimmed out with whistling, zipping, rattling volleys of musketry, falling everywhere, and send- ing up puffs of dust, or tearing great rifts in the almost impenetrable highway, produced a veritable "pandemonium let loose," and no one who could command calmness enough to considerately behold the scene can ever forget it. Language is not lurid enough, nor is Vermillion red enough to catch the scene. But it must be done ! The general had ordered the One Hundred and Twenty-sixth to form across that road. " Theirs not to make reply, Theirs not to reason why, Theirs but to do and die." To go is death to many; to stay is dishonor and defeat to all. Orders are useless amid this awful din ! Example is everything ! As a woman who hesitates is lost, so a soldier who falters at the breach is undone. Captain Weyand leaped the ditcn, climbed to the top of the fence and pointed " Forward! " In an instant every file was moving after him, and led by the gallant Captain McPeck, the indomitable Captain Hoge, and that sturdy patriot. Lieutenant Crooks, the regiment sprang across the ditch, demolished the fence and wheeled across the road, dressed their line as if on parade, and stubbornly maintained their position. Under the galling fire the men werefalling like leaves before an autumii storm, and realizing the dreadful havoc that was being made in the ranks, Captain Weyand broke the battle line and hurriedly moved the regiment some seventy- five yards forward, where an abrupt rise in the ground partially sheltered the men f i^m the merciless storm through which they had just passed. In this movement toward the enemy in the face of a withering fire, the brave men marched with touching elbows and with as regular tread as they ever did in battalion drill or going out on dress parade. All this occurred within the brief period of about flifteen minutes, and yet within that time every fourth man in the regiment that day was either killed, wounded or missing. The saying went undenied then and since that "every oflacer of the regiment came out of the conflict bleeding; and that every man in the line that was not hit had his clothes 736 HISTORY OF BEAVEE CO0NTY. riddled with bullets. In the eleven preceding battles in which the regiment had borne an honorable part, its splendid discipline and fighting qualities had never shown to greater advantage than on this field. Its brilliant conduct was the theme of officers and men wno had no connection with it. and Chptain Weyand, who had already been com- plimented highly by his superior officers for gallantry at Cold Harbor, was now honored with recommendations to the Secretary of War for brevet promotions as major and lieu- tenant-colonel. ,^ ., , .,, The story of Monocacy is that of a battle lost, a victory won. Many other battles were greater in point of numbers engaged and the natural casualties of war; few were greater in results as compared with the numbers engaged; none were greater than the heroism displayed by those engaged. Monocacy saved Washington . After the war was over he returned to Beaver, bought the Argus again, and con- tinued to be its editor anci proprietor until 1874, when it and the Badical were con- solidated and published for four years by Weyand & Rutan. He was married in 1857 to Victoria Adams, daughter of the late Dr. Milo Adams, for many years a leading physician in the county. He has four children living, viz. . Emma, married to Harry W. Reeves, of Beaver Falls; Edwin, who is registered as a law student; Blanche and Paul, who are still living with their parents. Mr. Weyand is considered among the best business men of the Beaver Valley. When the McCreery Bank failed, in 1883, he was selected as assignee, and settled the complicated business of that institution to the satis- faction of all parties interested. He resides now on a small farm near Beaver, and spends much of his time in beautifying and improving his possessions. William Whan (deceased), whose portrait appears elsewhere in this vol- ume, was born Dec. 34, 1814, in Big Beaver, Lawrence county, Pa., and was reared upon a farm there, his educational opportunities being somewhat limited. He was possessed of sound sense, and attended to his own aflfairs with success and no ostentation. He sought no public distinction, but was called upon by his fellow-citizens in Darling- ton township, irrespective of party, to serve them for thirty successive years as justice of the peace. This he did with impartial faithfulness. Politically his affiliations were -with the Democratic party. In 1839 he married Miss Margaret Marshall, a sister of Marvin, John and H. J. Marshall, whose biographies will be found in this book. Mrs. Whan was born in Big Beaver, this county, Dec. 5, 1831, and now resides with her daughter at East Palestine, Ohio. Immediately after their marriage this couple settled on the farm in Darlington township, which Mr. Whan had purchased, and there re- mained until his death, which occurred Nov. 30, 1877. Both were life-long members of the United Presbyterian church. Their children, who grew to maturity, are here named, with their residences : Elizabeth, widow of Robert Mitchell, Darlington town- ship ; Mary, wife of John Harvey, Darlington borough; William John, same ; Alice (Mrs. Robert Young), East Palestine, Ohio ; Jonah S., on homestead farm in Darling- ton ; Robert Emmett, Bast Palestine ; James Finley, Negley, Ohio ; Ida D., wife of John Sturgeon, Bucyrus, Ohio. The grandfather of our subject, William Whan, emi- grated from Ireland and was one of the earliest settlers in what was then Beaver county, now the township of Big Beaver, Lawrence county. He was married twice, and reared a large family. His son John (born March 25, 1791,) married Mary Stinson, who was born in New Jersey Oct. 14, 1795. The former died July 13, 186«, and the latter Dec. 11, 1887. They lived on a farm adjoining the original homestead, and reared ten chil- dren to maturity. Their names follow : William, whose name heads this sketch ; Thomas, who now occupies his grandfather's homestead ; Robert, who lives at Gait, Mo. ; James, who died at home ; Margaret, widow of Thomas Stevenson, in Bulgers, Wa^ington county, Pa.; Hannah, married John Beatty, and died near Wampum, Pa.; Mary Jane, widow of William Rhodes, resides at 'Enon Valley ; Elizabeth Celi- cia (Mrs. Peter Overlander), same ; Isabel, unmarried ; Nancy Adaline, married Capt. Alexander Gilkey and dwells near Blue Mound, Kans. Jonah S. Whan, son of Wm. and Margaret Whan, was born in Darlington township, Beaver county, Aug. 39, 1853. He was educated at Mount Nebo, and has followed farming and coal mining, and is at present a coal operator. He married, Dec. 35, 1873, Sarah M. Billingsley, of Colum- birana county, Ohio. They have four children, two boys and two girls. BIOGRAl'HIES WKST SIDE. Y37 William John Whan, hotel keeper, Darlington borough, was born in Darlington township, Aug. 5, 1844. He remained on the home farm until of age, after which he followed various occupations. For seven years he was engaged in weighing the out- put of coal mines, and for three years was employed in the manufacture of lamp oil from cannel coal. After farming for five years in Darlington township and in Ohio, he bought, in 1885, the hotel, which he still conducts. He Is extensively engaged in breeding Percheron-Norman horses, and is the owner of a farm of 116 acres adjoining the Ohio line. Mr. Whan is past-master of Meridian Lodge, No. 411, P. &A. M.,of which he has been twenty years a member ; he has served the township three years as justice of the peace. Like his father he is a life-long Democrat. In 1870 he married Alice, daughter of Samuel and >[ary Eleanor Stickel, and their two children, Lena. Gertrude and Edwin ^Marshall, exceptionally bright young people, are at home. Mr. Whan is an expert shot, and takes a great interest in all sporting matters. No boister- ous or unbecoming behavior is tolerated about his hotel, Andrew G. White, paper hanger, Beaver, was born in Economy township, Beaver county. May 18, 1841. He is a son of Joseph and Margaret (Walton) White, former born in Willsburg, W. Va. , and the latter in Beaver county; her paternal and maternal ancestors were among the early settlers of Beaver county. Joseph White was a farmer, and was of Irish descent. He had five children, Andrew G. being the fourth. Our subject was reared in Beaver county, and attended the common schools. He learned the trade of plasterer, and made that his business until 1862, when he enlisted in Com- pany F, 140th Regiment P. V., and became a non-commissioned ofBoer. He was in several severe engagements, was taken prisoner at the battle of the Wilderness, and suf- fered the horrors of Libby and Andersonville prisons for seven months. He served until the close of the war, and returning home he resumed his trade, finally working into paper-hanging, which he has since made his business. Mr. White was married Nov. 29, 1865, to Margaret, daughter of Socrates and Jane (Williams) Johnson, of Ger- man and Irish descent, and their children are Harry L. and Charles F. The family are members of the Methodist Episcopal church, of which Mr. White is a trustee. In poli- tics he is a Democrat. John White, retired, P. O. Cannelton, was born in Allegheny county, Pa.,inl803. His parents, Thomas and Jane (Martin) White, had four sons and three daughters, John being the second son. Jane (Martin) White was the daughter of Esquire Martin, who was major in the Revolutionary War. Thomas White came from Ireland about 1770, and soon afterward purchased 400 acres of land in Allegheny county, where he engaged extensively in farming and stock raising. Early in life he was engaged as a "trader," an occupation extensively carried on in the early history of Pennsylvania. Thomas died in 1816, his wife in 1827. John White was reared in Allegheny county, and at eighteen years of age left school to engage in farming. He remained at home with his mother and brother till twenty-five years of age. In 1826 he married Polly, daugRter of John and Jane (Crooks) Burns . , Her father came from Scotland. Five children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. White: Thomas M. ; John Burns; Mary, Mrs. What- tenburg, of New York City, (deceased); James (deceased); and Alexander Duncan (de- ceased). Mr. White, in 1850, sold his homestead farm in Allegheny county, and came to Darlington and purchased 300 acres of farming land, having previous to that period purchased 800 acres of coal land in the same township. For twenty years he was act- ively engaged on his farm and in superintending his coal lands. In 1852 the Darlington Cannel Coal Railroad Company was incorporated with Mr. White as president, a posi- tion he held for eight years. The road is now in a prosperous condition, and known as N. Y. P. & C. R. R. Mr. White was for ten years a justice of the peace in Alle- gheny county, and has held other positions of trust. Four years ago he retired from active business life and is succeeded by his two sons. He is a strong, intelligent, good- hearted Democrat. Chamberlin White, chief of police, Beaver Falls, was born in Chippewa town- ship, Feb. 13, 1836, and is a son of Thomas and Elizabeth (Bannon) White. His pater- 738 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. nal grandfather, John White, of County Antrim, Ireland, came to America in 1791 and settled in Chippewa township, in 1795, on a farm now owned by James Clayton. In 1796 he took up 400 acres of land in the same township, and lived inhere until his death. He had ten children: Thomas, John, David, Eohert, Sarah (Mrs. Thomas Ramsey), James, Mary (Mrs. "William Johnson), Elizabeth (Mrs. Daniel McCann), Anna iMrs. Samuel Lee) and Hugh. The maternal grandfather of Mr. White was Jeremiah Ban- non, a pioneer of this county. Thomas White, father of Chamberlin, was born in Chip- pewa township in 1810, and died in March, 1887. He had ten children, five of whom are now living; Chamberlin, Jerry B., Eleazor, Martha H. (Mrs. George E. Smith), and Thomas. Our subject was reared in Chippewa township. In 1859 he went to California and worked in the mines four years . In 1866 he located in Beaver Falls, where he has been engaged in various business enterprises. In 1873 Mr. White was elected sheriff of Bea- ver county. He has been chief of police of Beaver Falls eight years; is a member of the A. O. U. W. ; politically he is a Republican. Jbrky White, foreman of the Wire Mills, Beaver Falls, was born in Chippewa township, Feb. 10, 1839, a son of Thomas and Elizabeth (Bannon) White. His paternal grandfather was John White, of County Antrim, Ireland, who settled in Chippewa town- ship in 1795. His maternal grandfather was Jeremiah Bannon, a pioneer iron manufac- turer of this coanty. Jerry White was reared in Chippewa township, and when twenty -one years of age engaged in railroading as manager of contract work. Later he was a foreman in a stone quarry and since 1882 has been foreman of the galvanizing department of the Hartman Wire Mills. In 1866 he and his brother Chamberlin embarked in the manufacture of brickin Beaver Falls, continuing two years. Mr. White has been twice married; first to Isabella, daughter of William and Mary (McEwen) Duard, of Pulaski township, by whom he had six children: Elizabeth, Ellen, Rhoda, Lillie, Maggie H. and Chamberlin. Mr. White is a member of the school board of Beaver Falls; politically he is a Republican. RoBBKT White, farmer, P. O. Beaver Falls, was born in Chippewa (now White) township, Dec. 8, 1816, and is a son of John and Elizabeth (Kelso) White. His father, who was a son of Thomas White, and a native of County Antrim, Ireland, settled in Chippewa township in 1794, and cleared the farm now occupied by Robert. His wife was a daughter of John Kelso, of New Jersey, who settled in Big Beaver township about 1800, where he is said to have built the first gristmill in the county. John White reared a family of ten children: Thomas, John, David, Robert, Sarah B., James, Mary J., Elizabeth, Ann and Hugh. Robert has always resided at the old homestead. In 1856 he married Margaret, daughter of John and Isabel Walker, of Allegheny county, and by her has eight children living: John, Elizabeth, Belle, Mary, Margaret, Ann, Robert, Jr., and Sarah. Mr. White is a prominent farmer of Chippewa township; politically he is a Democrat. Hugh White, carpenter and millwright, Beaver Falls, was born in Chippewa town- ship, April 13, 1832, and is a son of John and Elizabeth (Kelso) White. His father, who was a son of Thomas White, was a native of County Antrim, Ireland, and settled in Chippewa to wnship in 1 794 . His maternal grandfather was John Kelso , of New Jersey, who settled in Big Beaver township, about 1800. John White reared a family of ten children, of whom Hugh is the youngest. Our subject was reared in his native town- ship, and served an apprenticeship at the carpenter's trade, which, with the exception of five years spent as a boatman on the canal, he followed until 1876. Since then he has been employed as a millwright in the Beaver Falls Steel Works, and has resided in Beaver Falls since 1867. He was married, in 1856, to Sarah J., daughter of David and Rhoda (Hendrickson) Boyle, of Beaver Falls, and a granddaughter of Henry Boyle and Daniel Hendrickson, pioneers of Beaver county. By this union there are seven chil- dren; Eleanor, David, McClellan, Thomas, Malvina, Daniel and Bertha. Mr White is a member of the I. O. 0. F., and K. of P.; in politics he is a Democrat. Capt. Henry Whitfield, retired steamboat owner and captain, Beaver, was born m England, Aug. 25, 1809. His father, also named Henry, was a merchant and a BIOGRAPHIES WEST SIDE. 739 farmer. Our subject, who is the only living member of the family in this country, was reared and educated in England, and came to America in 1830. He went to Pittsburgh, where he learned the nailer's trade and worked at it for a time . He afterward studied engineering, and ran an engine on the river several years. He invested in steamboat propsrty, and was at different times interested in many steamboats. He built boats for a time, and was also a captain for many years. In 1864 he bought a farm and retired ; lived on the farm until 1882, and then removed to Beaver. He was married, July 31, 1835, to Margaret Adams, of Wheeling, W. Va. Her mother's maiden name was Sarah Mar- shall, and she was of Irish origin. Captain and Mrs. "Whitfield have had five children, of whom three are living: James, in Kansas; Ann, wife of David Auchinbaugh, a tinner in Bsaver; and Sirah M., wife of Prank Crawford, who is in the employ of the Adams Express Company, at Cincinnati, Ohio. Captain Whitfield and his wife are members of the United Presbyterian church; he has served as elder for more than thirty years. In politics he is a Republican. JoHX C. Whitl.v. Mr. Whitla, whose name is largely identified with the business achievements of Beaver Palls and New Brighton, is of Scotch descent. His grand- father William Whitla, who resided near Edinburgh, emigrated to America in 1820 and settled in Carroll county, Ohio, where he dwelt duiing the remainder of his life, being there engaged in farming. He married Elizabeth McGowen, also of Scotch extraction, and had seven children, one daughter; Agnes (Mrs. William Young), and six sons: Will- liam, John, James, Hugh, David, and David 2d. The last named and youngest of these was born in Scotland in 1811, and emigrated with his parents when nine years of age. On attaining his majority he removed to Brighton, Beaver ccnnty, and there naar- ried Mary Jane, daughter of David Reeves, of Beaver Palls. Their children are Margaret, William, loseph, Elizabeth, Amanda, John C, Esther, Daniel and Henry. Mr. Whitla returned again to Ohio, but finally located permanently in New Brighton, where he followed his trade as saddler, and died Aug. 11, 1878. His son, John C. Whitla, who was born April 9, 1848, in Salineville, Ohio, removed with his parents when a child to Stark county and later to Ravenna, in the same State. In 1864 New Brighton, Beaver county. Pa., became his home. The lad received such education as the common schools of Ohio afforded, and on coming to New Brighton entered the store of H . T . & J. R saves as clerk, continuing this relation with their successors, Messrs. Duff & Thompson, with whom he remained thirteen years. Mr. Whitla, however, was not satisfied to spend his best years as a clerk, and at the expiration cf this time embarked in the sale of dry goods and carpets at New Brighton, where he remained until 1885. Having become a stockholder in the New Brighton and Beaver Valley Street Railway he then superintended its construction, and in forty-one days successfully completed the project. He also aided in the organization and constructed the buildings of the New Brighton Glass Works, and was one of the projectors and a director of the Pirst National Bank of Beaver Falls. In 1886 he established himself in the clothing business in Beaver Palls, and one year later erected the spacious building opposite the Economy Bank, now occupied by him. In January, 1887, the Beaver Palls Art Tile Company was organized, of which he became a director and is now its president. The same year he with others projected the Whitla Glass Works, Limited, of which he is also president. Mr. Whitla was married Oct. 31, 1869, to Miss Sarah A., daughter of Dr. W. W. Simp- son, of New Brightori, and they have had four children, Theodore, the only survivor, being now at Pottstown, pursuing his studies. Mr. Whitla is an active member of Union Lodge No. 59, P. & A. M., of New Brighton, and connected with Harmony Chapter of Beaver Palls, and Askalon Commandery, of Allegheny City. He is identified by mem- bership with the Protestant Methodist church of New Brighton. John Jbrvis Wickham, president judge of the Thirty-sixth Judicial District, com- posed of Beaver county, was born May 14, 1844, in County Meath, Ireland. When be- tween five and six years of age he came to the United States with his parents, who set- tled in Beaver. He was educated in the public schools and Beaver Academy, and about the age of seventeen learned telegraphy. Soon afterward he entered the United 740 HISTOEY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. States Military Telegraph Corps. In July, 1863, while serving as cipher expert at headquarters of the 23d Brigade, he was captured with the command by the rebel Gen- eral Forrest, in the aution at Murf reesboro, Tenn. He was a prisoner of war for a number of months, his last place of confinement being Libby prison, Richmond. After- wards he served in Telegraph Corps, with different commands in the army of General Sherman. He remained as cipher expert on ihe staff of Gen. Geo. H. Thomas from the close of the war until the fall of 1867, when, having commenced the study of law, he resigned and returned to Beaver, and was prepared for the bar in the office of S. B. Wilson, Esq. He had been recommended previously for commission in regular army on account of gallantry, etc. [See Plum's History of the Military Telegraph, Vol. I, pages 56 and 274, and Vol. II, page 383.] In 1869 he was admitted to 1he_ bar and practiced a short time in Des Moines, Iowa, then returned to Beaver, entered into part- nership with S. B. Wilson, Esq., which connection lasted until 1875. He was nomin- ated for the office of president judge by the Republican party, in 1884, and elected in the fall of that year. In 1874 he was married to Lida J., daughter of Charles D. and Abigail K. Hurlbutt, of Beaver. The issue of this union is four children, two sons and two daughters. John C. Wiegel, glass cutter, Beaver Falls, was boru in Prussia, Feb. 23, 1852, and is a son of Carl and Mina Wiegel, who came to America in 1856 and settled in Pittsburgh. Here John C. was reared, learned his trade of glass cutter, and worked as a journeyman seventeen years in the glass works of McKee Bros. In 1879 he located in Beaver Falls, where he has since followed his trade and been foreman of the cutting shop since 1883. In 1880 he married Elizabeth, daughter of Henry and Margaret Vet- ter, of Pittsburgh, and they have three children: Albert, Charles and Hilda. Mr Wie- gel is a member of the Beaver Falls Building and Loan Association and of the Co- operative Flint Glass Company, Limited; is a member of Tent No. 53, K. O. T. M.; in politics he is a Democrat. WiiiCOx Baos., brick manufacturers, P. O., Beaver Falls, are natives of Eng- land, and located in New Brighton, this county, in 1884, where they were contractors engaged in the manufacture of brick for Fish Brothers until the spring of 1887. They then embarked in business for themselves in Chippewa township, viheje they manufact- ure a superior quality of brick, turning out from 400,000 to 500,000 per annum, giving employment to seven hands, and are the only manufacturers in their line in Chippewa township. D. R. Wilkinson, general manager and superintendent of the Western File Works, Beaver Falls, was born in Lawrence county. Pa., July 31, 1853, and is a son of George and Margaret (Richey) Wilkinson. He came to Beaver Falls in 1870 and entered the employ of the Western File Works as a clerk; was successively promoted to assistant bookkeeper, bookkeeper and general traveling agent, and in February, 1887, was ap- pointed general manager and superintendent, which position he now occupies. He married in ,1873, Mary D., daughter of John Shoemak(?r, of Beaver Falls, and by her has two children; Bertha M. and Florence L. Mr. AVilkinson is a member of the Presbyterian church; he is a F. & A. M., a R. A. M., a member of the A. O. U. W. and American Legion of Honor;'in politics he is a Republican. Chmstiak Will, manager of the Star Glass Works, at Newark, Ohio, was born in Allegheny City, Pa., May 34, 1835, and is a son of Philip Will. His grandfather, also named Philip Will, was a soldier eleven years, and served under Napoleon Bonaparte. Our subject's parents were French, and his father, who was a tailor, carried on business in Allegheny City. Christian was reared ard secure d his schooling in Allegheny City; was removed from school at the age of ten years, and commenced work in the glass works. He proved himself a diligent helper, and has climbed from the bottom of the ladder to the top. In 1877 he bought a valuable farm in Brighton township where his family now reside. He was married in Allegheny City to Miss Margaretta, daughter of Jacob and Catherine (Swariz) Sommcrs, who were of German origin. This union was blessed with five children, only one of whom is now living, Harrison T. Will, who has BIOGRAPHIES WEST SIDE. '741 charge of the farm, lie was born at Brownston, Pa., March 29, 1867, and attended the graded school at Pittsburgh, and the liigh school at Beaver, Pa.; entered DulT's Com- mercial College at Pittsburgh, graduating in 1687. He was married June 10, 1885, to Miss Stella v., daughter of Marcius Harton, of Brighton township, and of English de- scent. They have one daughter, Queenette. Both Harrison T. AVill and iiis father are Republicans. J. H. WiLso:^, M. D., was'born in Beaver borough Oct. 16, 1850, and is a son of Marmaduke and Lucinda (Henry) Wilson. His paternal and maternal ancestors were among the early settlers of Pennsylvania, and were of Irish and Welsh origin. The father is a farmer and resides in Beaver borough, where he owns 33 acres of land. His family consisted of ten children, of whom our subject is the sixth. He attended the old academy here and also Dr. McClean's seminary, commenced the study of medicine in Beaver, and completed the course at New Brighton, with Dr. D. McKinney. Hi.s first course of lectures was at Jefferson Medical College in 1873-74, and he completed his course at the Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York, where he was graduated in Feb- ruary, 1876. He has since been in active practice in his native town. Dr. Wilson was married in 1878, to Eva, daughter of Michael Weyand, editor of the Times, in Beaver,, and their children are Fred Bailey, Elizabeth and Juliet. Doctor and Mrs. Wilson are members of the Presbyterian church, which he joined in 1867. In politics he is a Dem- ocrat. He is devotedly attached to his profession. He is surgeon for the Pennsjlvania Railroad Company at Beaver, and for the P. & L. E. R. R. He is a member of the- Pennsylvania Railroad Medical Association; has been an active member of the Beaver County Medical Association for many years, and has served in all the offices. He is an active member of the American Medical Association, and has been a member since 1877. He served as jail physician in Beaver in 1884-85. Thomas Wilson, retired farmer, P. O. Industry, was born in Ireland In 1808, and is a son of George and Elizabeth (Lindsey) Wilson, who came to America in 1819 with five children, and soon thereafter purchased 50 acres of land, which they failed to hold, owing to invalidity of title. Not long afterward, however, Mr. Wilson purchased SCO- acres, which he owned until his death. Thomas was reared to farm life, and has resided on his present farm since 1830. This property now comprises 120 acres, part cultivated and part wood land. Mr. Wilson was married, in 1833, to Jane Burnsides, also a native of Ireland, daughter of John Burnsides. To this union five children were born, four now living: GeorgeL , Margaret (now Mrs. Bowers), John B. and Eliza. Themotherdied in 1872. Mr. Wilson is a member of the Presbyterian church; politically a Republican^ Samuel B. Wilson. Mr. Wilson, in his ancestry, unites the blood of the sturdy Scotch race and that of the Knickerbockers. In tlie early part of tlie eighteenth cent- ury his great-grandfather. Samuel Wilson, who was of Scotch descentj married Mary Van Wier, a Hollander by birth. They owned and occupied a farm on Marsh creek,, near Gettysburg, Pa. They had two sons, Samuel and Marmaduke, the latter of whom married Susan Beatty in the year 1744. He remained on the homestead until the death of his parents, who are buried in the cemetery at Gettysburg. He then removed to Westmoreland county. One of his sons, Patrick, who was born in York (now Adams) county in 1772, went to Mercer (now Lawrence) county in 1801, and engaged for a time in mercantile pursuits. In 1804 he married Rebecca, one of the eight daughters of William Morehead, and in 1811 he purchased and removed to a farm (still in possession of his descendants) about six miles north of New Castle, Pa., where he continued to reside, until the time of his death, in 1866. On this farm his son, Samuel Beatty Wilson, was born, Feb. 30, 1824. After having received a common-school and academic educa- tion, "Sam B.," as he was called by his associates, entered Jefferson College, at Can- nonsburgh. Pa., at which institution he was graduated in June, 1848, standing among the first in his class. His mastery of the construction of the English, Latin and Greek languages was never questioned by fellow-student or professor. Moreover, he has not only kept up, but greatly increased his knowledge of the ancient classics by daily read- ing and timely reviews. Soon after leaving college, Mr. Wilson was chosen principal '742 HISTORY OF BEAVEK COUNTY. of the Darlington academy, a position which he held until the fall of 1849 when he went to Somerset and became a student of law in the office of Hon. Jeremiah S. Black then president judge of the Sixteenth Judicial District of Pennsylvania. On the 13th ot November, 1850, Mr. Wilson was admitted to the bar, and immediately thereaftercame to Beaver, where, on the 18th day of November, 1850, he was admitted to practice in the several courts of this county. In due time he acquired a lucrative practice, ior more than the third of a century he has been engaged In most of the important legal business that has been transacted, in Beaver county, and always "with clean hands. His receipts for professional services have perhaps been greater in amount than those of ^ny other resident lawyer that has at any time practiced at the Bedver bar. 0ntliel2th day of April, 1854, Mr. Wilson married Elizabeth Robinson, daugh- ter of George Robinson, who was then sheriff of Beaver county. Ever since their mar- riage Mrs. Wilson hasbeenherhusband'sfaithfulassistant in hisoflBce. The many legal papers prepared by her, under the direction of her husband, have always been regarded as models in neatness and accuracy. But in a much higher sphere of action, as the mother of four children, viz.: Sarah (now deceased), Anna (wife of A. R. Whitehill, professor of physics in the West Virginia University), Mary (wife of George Davidson, cashier of the National Bank of New Brighton), and George (a student in his father's office), JUrs. Wilson has also performed her duties nobly. Mr. Wilson nevir ei.gagcd in poli- tics. He has decided political opinions, which, on proper cccaticns.he expresses fear- lessly; but the end he aimed at was to become a thorough scholar, and an honest and successful lawyer. Of him it may be said in the words of another: "His learning is suffl- •cient to enable him to realize the comparative littleness, of all human achievements. He has outlived the ambition of display before courts and juries. He loves justice, law, and peace. He has learned to bear criticifm without irritation; censure withcut anger; .and calumny without retaliation. He has learned how surely all schemes of evil bring disaster to those vvho support them; and that the granite shaft of a noble reputation can not be destroyed by the poisoned breath of slander." Maek WisENBTi. Mr. Wisener is of German extraction and the son of John George Wisener, who, on his emigration from Wurtemburg at the age of sixteen, located in Butler, Butler county. Pa., where he established himself as the first butcher in the borough. Here he remained until his death in May, 1849, having married Margaret Nickolas, also of German descent, who came to America with her parents at the age of fourteen. The children of Mr. and Mrs. Wisener were Elizabeth (Mrs Seeger, of Youngstown, Ohio), Philip (who occupies the homestead), Mark (the subject of this sketch), George and Louis (who reside in Ohio), Anne (Mrs. Spear, of War- ren, Ohio), and Susanna (Mrs. Elliot). Mark Wisener was born Feb. 5, 1840, in the borough of Butler, Butler county, Pa., where his youth until his eishteenth year was spent. He attended the common schools, and on completing his studies decided upon acquiring a trade. Removing to Pittsburgh for the purpose, he chose that -of a c irriage blacksmith, and continued his apprenticeship until his removal to Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1860, where for a brief time he followed this trade. The call for troops then -occurred at the beginning of the civil war, and Mr. Wisener, with patriotic zea]. enrolled his name with the three-months' men. On the 9th of May, 1861, he enlisted for three years. After some time spent in West Virginia his regiment joined others in forming the army of the Cumberland, and participated in most of its important engage- jnents, amons; which may be cited the battles of Shiloh, Stone River, Chickamauga, Perryville, Missionary Ridge and aU the ercounlers connected with bheiman's march to the sea. He was discharged in July, 1864, at Covington, Ky., and at once resumed his trade in Pittsburgh. Three years later he removed to New Brighton and (inbaik(d in carriage manufacturing. Mr. Wisener continued thus employed until 1869, when he entered the arena ot politics, and his name having been presented as the Democratic candidate for the ofBce of sheriff of Beaver county, he was elected by a flattering vote in a district strongly Republican. He filled the office for three years, and not being suc- •cessful in his candidacy for the office of county treasurer, engaged for a year in the boot BIOGEArHIES WEST SIDE. Y43 and shoe business. He next became the lessee of the " IMercliants Hotel" in Beaver Falls, and in 1887 erected the " Grand Hotel,'" a commodious and elegant structure, of which, assisted by his sons, he is the popular landlord. Mr. Wisener was, in 1860, married to Miss Mary Ivraus, of Pittsbu^-gh. Their children are Frank L., Mark, Jr., G. Edward, Susan, Anna, Lizzie and Maggie. Mr. Wisener was a second time married. In 1878, to JErs. Tena Foerstege, daughter of John Strack, of Rochester, in the same county, and their only child is u son, earned John . AjiR.^nAM B. Wolf, farmer, P. O. Beaver, was born on the farm he now owns June 4, 1814. His father and grandfather were both named John. The latter came to what is now Beaver county in 1782, and settled on the south side of the Ohio river, at what was then known as Logstown. He spent the first twelve years here clearing and farming. Our subject still owns the pack saddle his grandfather brought to Beaver county with him. The Indians stole their horses and drove them off. When this family came, only the old blockhouse was here to mark the place where the handsome borough is now situated. Our subject's father, who was born in 1776, took this farm where our subject now lives, from the government. He took 330 acres. He had eleven children, and died in 1857. Abraham B., who is the fourth child, and the only surviving member of the family, was educated in the common schools, and has made farming the business of his life. He was married, in 1860, to Sarah B., daughter of James Eakin, of Irish descent, and they have four children: George Q., James E,, Nannie V. and. Esther Mary. Mrs. Wolf is a member of the Presbyterian church. In politics Mr. Wolf is a Republican, and has served many years as justice of the peace. William Wolfshafbk, contractor and builder, Beaver Falls, was born in Alle- gheny county March 20, 1856, and is a son of Conrad and Dora Wolfshafer, natives.of Germany, who settled in Allegheny county about 1840, and came to Beaver Falls in 1884, where they now reside. William was reared in Allegheny county, and served an apprenticeship at the carpenter's trade, which he followed eight years. In 1883 he lo- cated in Beaver Falls, where he has since been actively engaged as a contractor and builder. He has erected a large number of buildings, in this and adjacent counties, among which are the Mulberry school-house in Beaver Falls, the German Lutheran church, the Darlington academy, at Darlington, the twelfth ward school building in Allegheny City, and many others. Mr. Wolfshafer is a member of the Evangelical Lutheran church, of the I. O. O. F. ; in politics he is a Republican. John C. Woodruff, justice of the peace, Bridgewater. was born Nov. 6, 1857, and is a son of David and Mary A. (Mulner) Woodruff. His parents were natives of Ohio and of English descent. His father, who was a marble cutter by occupation, came to Bridgewater in 1847, and carried on the marble work in that place for over thirty years. He died Nov. 6, 1882. He had two sons, the elder, A. V., being a resident of Brooklyn, N. Y. John C . was born and reared in Bridgewater, attended the common schools, and worked ip his father's marble works. When quite young he went on the river, and worked in various capacities for about five years. He then located in Canada, where he remained until 1876, when he returned to his native county and accepted a position as shipping clerk in the Rochester Tumbler Works, where he remained six years. Then for a time he was employed at the Phoenix Glass Company's Works, at Phillipsburg. He is a Republican in politics, and was elected justice of the peace in 1887. He also does gas-fitting work. He is a member of the Republican county committee, and is secretary of the school board. He is a prominent member of the I. O. O. F., and oc- cupies the honorable position of deputy grand patriarch of the encampment; has served two terms as state representative of the Grand Lodge. Pie is one of the directors of the Bridgewater Building Association, and is agent for the Merchants' Protective Associa- tion. Shannon R. Workman, farmer, P. O, Beaver, was born in Darlington, this county, Aug. 22, 1820. His parents, James W. and Elizabeth (Shannon) Workman, were natives of Washington county, Pa., where they were married and first settled; thence they moved to this county, residing in the borough of Beaver, where the mother died; the father 744 HISTORY OF BEAVER COUNTY. departed this life in New Orleans, while on a traveling expedition. They had three children: Lucinda (died in Washington county, Pa.), Maria (died in Beaver) wife of Martin Lyon), and Shannon R. The last nanjed acquired his education in Beaver Academy, and was married, Jan. 1, 1850, to Caroline Powers, who was born in this county June 10, 1830, a daughter of James and Ruth (Pumphrey) Powers, the former a native of Darlington, this county, and the latter of Virginia. They both died in this county, and had ten children, four now living. Mr. and Mrs. Workman have nine children: John S., Laura (wife of John Sleight, of Minnesota), Mary P., James P., George W., Samuel S., William F., Charles W. and Bessie E. Mr. Workman carried on mjrcantile business on his own account for about fifteen years, in Beaver; then, with his family, moved to Minnesota, where he followed farming three years, returning in 1860 to his present farm of 133 acres. In politics he is a Democrat. Henry Wuktzel, hardware, stove and tinware merchant, Beaver Tails, was born in Pittsburgh, Pa., in 1857. His parents, Nicholas and Elizabeth (Winters) Wurtzel, were natives of Germany and residents of Pittsburgh, many years. Henry was reared and educated in Pittsburgh, where he learned the trade of tinsmith. He came to Beaver Palls in 1880, and worked at his trade as a journeyman three years." In 1883 he embarked in business with L. C. Ross, in which he continued till 1888; then he established a store by himself . He is a prominent business man, a member of the Catholic church; in politics a Democrat. Edward W. Young, grocer, Beaver Falls, was born in Dubuque, Iowa, Sept. 4, 1859, and is a son of John G. and Anna (Brown) Young, the former of Youngstown, Wejtinoreland county, and tlie latter of Greenville, Mercer county, Pa. They were for many years residents of Bridgewater, and have lived in Beaver Falls since 1871. Their family consists of five children; Georgia (Mrs. E. D. Powell), Charles R., Edward W., Perry and Russell. Edward W. was reared in Beaver county, and for several years was employed in the planing mill of Wilson & Brierly. He embarked in the flour and feed business in June, 1886, and in his present business in the spring of 1888. Jacob Young, farmer and milkman, P. O. Beaver Palls, was born in Germany Sept. 14, 1846, and is a son of Jacob amd Katrina (Homan) Young. The former emi- grated to America in 1861, settled in Pittsburgh and later removed to Youngstown, Ohio, where he died. Our subject came to America in 1864, and located in Pittsburgh. He settled in Chippewa township in 1870 and engaged in farming, in which business he has since continued. In 1884 he engaged in the dairy business, keeping twenty-one cows, supplying a milk route to Beaver Falls, and doing a large and successful busi- ness. He attends the German Lutheran church; in politics he is a Republican. John Young (deceased) was born in 1812, and died in 1887. James Young came from Donegal, Ireland, at an early day, and soon after landing upon the free shores of America he came to this county and purchased 100 acres of land in Big Beaver town- ship, where he lived until his death. He married Esther Wickinson, by whom were born four sons and six daughters, John being the third child. James died at the age of eighty-five years. John Young was born on the farm which he owned, and where he died. He married Isabella, daughter of John Crawford, of this county, and they had five children ; James R. , Mary E. (deceased), Esther T., William J. and G. H. Mr. Young was a prosperous farmer, and was the owner of two farms at his death. His widow survives him. James R., who now superintends the work on the farm, was married in 1877 to Isabella, daughter of Francis and Mary (Douthitt) Gilkv, and has three children: John C, Mary E. and Joseph H. William J. lives with his mother on the homestead, and is unmarried, The family are members of the United Presbyterian church. William J. Young, farmer, P. O. New Galilee, was born in Big Beaver township in 1842. Peter Young, his paternal grandfather, immigrated from Donegal, Ireland, about 1795, and soon after landing came to Westmoreland county, where he engaged in farming and remained util 1800. He married Margaret Algeo, of County Armagh, Ireland, who bore him eight children. Peter came to Big Beaver township in 1800 and BIOGEAPHIES EAST SIDE. 745 purchased one hundred acres of land, which was a part of the population tract taken up by Robert Wylie, and here he remained until his death. He died in 1833, at the age of seventy-six years. His wife died in 1830. Robert, the youngest child, and a farmer by occupation, married Janq, daughter of James and Susan (Sleath) McCanlis, also natives of Ireland. Eight children were born to this union, six of whom are living: Margaret, Susan, William, John, Robert, Hamilton Algeo and Elizabeth Jane. The father died in 1863, aged sixty yeais; the mother is living, at the age of seventy- eight. William J., our subject, was married in 1875 to Hattie J., daughter of John Wallace, and they have five children: Wallace Algeo, Knox McCland, Robert McCanlis, Mary Florence and George Everett. Mr. Young now owns fifty-five acres, part of the 100 acres of his grandfather's farm. He has purchased an additional fwenty-seven acres, lias erected a new house and made other improvements. He is a Prohibitionist and a member of the Old School Covenanters. Geobgb Youts, wagon maker, was born in Centre county, in 1826. His father, Henry, was born in 1800, was by occupation a distiller, and came from Lancaster county to Centre county about February, 1820. His wife, Sallie, daughter of Samuel Brell- hord, bore nine sons and four daughters, of whom George is the eldest. George received a common-school education, and remained with his father until fifteen years old, when he learned the trade of wagon making. In 1846 he came to Beaver county, and has been engaged in manufacturing wagons, buggies, etc., and in repairing. He was married in 1848 to Julia, daughter of Samuel Stricby, of this county. By her he had six children, three of whom are now living: Sallie (now Mrs. Clute), George, who is in Kansas, and Mamie (now Mrs. Esteb). His wife died in 1866, and in the following year he married Mrs. Frances E. Keller, of Cleveland, Ohio, who bore him three chil- dren, of whom Monte and Fannie are now living. Mr. Youts has for the past twelve years been a school director, and is now a Mason and Odd Fellow. In religion he is a Presbyterian; politically a Republican. CHAPTER XXVII. BIOGEAPHIES— EAST SIDE. James Agbt, farmer, P. O. Rochester, was born in this county Nov. 16, 1830, a son of George and Ellen (^lackey) Agey. They were natives of Pennsylvania, were married in Youngstown, Ohio, settled in Beaver county. Pa., and remained there until their deaths. James was united in marriage Oct. 20, 1853, with Levina Otto, who was born in Beaver county, March 23, 1885, a daughter of David ,'iiid Christina (Long) Otto, natives of this state. Her father is deceased, but her mother is still living in Butler county. Mr. and Mrs. Agey have one child, Angie, wife of David Hendrickson. She was born Feb. 7, 1855. Mr. Agey was reared on the farm, the pursuits of which he has always followed . He and his wife are members of the United Brethren church. In politics he is a Democrat. Geobgb Agner, proprietor of the Agner Brick Works, Rochester, was born in Butler coimty. Pa., July 1, 1837. His parents, George and Sophia (Mueler) Agner, natives of Darmstadt, Germany, settled in Lehigh county, Pa., in 1838, and in 1834 moved to Butler county. George, Sr.,was a farmer, and the father of six children. Of these, George, the fourth child, was educated in the Butler county common schools, and early in life learned the blacksmith's trade, which he followed for twelve years in Ohio and Allegheny county. In 1867 he embarked in his present business; bought an acre of 746 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. land near the present site of the Rochester TumUer Works, and manufactured 400,000 brick the first year. In 1880 he secured an additional four acres of land, put in a new engine and more extensive machinery, and for several years has made on an average two million brick per year. He manufactures three grades; the number 1 is pressed brick for dressing fronts, and all the grades are good ; his business is increasing every year and he is said to turn out as good brick as can be made in America, 'i he vporks are kept running the greater part of the year, giving employment on an average to twenty hands. The venture has been a financial success, though when Mr. Agner came to Rochester he Tiad no knowledge whatever of the husincES, but being a mechanic with a determination to succeed, he has made his way. He was married, in 1866, to Fannie, daughter of Nicholas King. She is a native of Pittsburgh, Pa., and of German descent. Their children now living are: Ella Lorena, William Henry, Nettie and Beula May. Mr. and Mrs Agner are members of the Lutheran church. He is a tius- tee of the cjiurch; in politics he is a Republican. Gborgb H. Altstadt, farmer, P. O. Knob, was born in Germany Sept. 3, 1831. and is a son of John and Elizabeth Altstadt, who died in that country. He immigrated to America in 1857, resided several years in Pittsburgh, then came to Beaver county, where he has since remained. He married in Pittsburgh, in 1859, Elizabeth, daughter of Henry and Elizabeth Peter, who died in Germany where Mrs. Alstadt was born, March 2S, 1828. Five children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Altstadt, four of them living: Mary E.', Sophia C, George H. and Minnie E. One daughter, Margaret, is deceased. Mr. Altstadt is by trade a blacksmith, but has been engaged in farming for a number of years, and owns forty-three acres. He served his country in the Civil War in Company G, 5th heavy artillery and was in several engagements. He and his wife are members of the Lutheran church. In politics he is a Republican. Robert Baker, farmer, P. O. Knob, was born in Beaver county, Dec. 17, 1823, and is a son of Charles and Elsie Baker, both of whom died in this county. Robert was united in marriage Sept. 25, 1849, with Susanna Romigh. She was born July 5, 1828, in Washington county, and is a daughter of Elijah and Mary Romigh, both of whom died in this county. The children of this marriage are Ann, Mary, Charlie, John, Alice, Robert and Elijah. One son, Oliver, is deceased. Mr. Baker has been a farmer all his life and owns about 110 acres of land. He and his wife are members of the Presbyter- ian church. He is a Democrat and has held the oflice of school director. R. G. Banks, grocer, New Brighton, is a native of Butler county, born in 1858, the youngest of the niue children of Mathew and Elizabeth (Rogers) Banks, the former of whom was a farmer, engaged also in oil business. R. G. was reared on the farm where he was born, and educated at Washington and Jefferson College, also at Iron City Business College, Pittsburgh, Pa. In 1879 he married Lucretia, daughter of Israel Stephens, of Greene county. Pa., and one child, Luther Ernst, has been born to them. Mr. Banks came to Beaver county in 1882, and has since been almost contin- uously engaged in the grocery business in New Brighton. In politics he is a Democrat. William Barton, farmer, P. O. New Brighton, was born in Plum township, Allegheny county. Pa., July 12, 1822, His parents, George and Isabel (Wilson) Barton, natives of Ireland, came to America about 1818. George was a farmer, and first located in Allegheny county, where he remained about four years; thence moved to Allegheny township, Westmoreland county, where he died in 1833; his widow died in June, 1882, aged ninety years. They had eight children: Thomas (deceased), George, Richard, William, Sarah Ann, Jamps (deceased), Eliza Jane (deceased) and Lydia, who keeps house for her brothers, William and Richard, who have never married, Ibut own to- gether and carry on a farm of 95 acres, where they settled in 1853. Richard was judge of election, and William assessor for one year, also supervisor and school director, and for three years served as treasurer of the board. In politics both are Democrats. William W. Beacom, grocer, New Brighton, was born in Brighton township, this county, in 1841. His father, Robert Beacom, was a farmer, and married Elizabeth, daughter of William Wilson, of Lawrence county. They had four children, of whom BIOGRAPHIES — EAST SIDE. 747" William was the youngest. His grandfather, also named William, came from Ireland, and was a farmer by occupation. He purchased 106 acres of land in this county, where his son Robert was born and died. The farm is now the properly of our sub- ject, William W. He was born and reared on the farm, where he always lived until 1883. In that year he came to New Brighton and engaged in the grocery business. lie was married in 1869 to Ella, daughter of William Pennell, of Hubbard, Ohio. They have six children: Robert, Edward, William, Ada, Howard and Ernest, all at home. Mr. Beacom is a member of the Presbyterian church; in politics a Democrat. Benjamin Bedlson, retired. New Brighton, was born in this county in 1810. His parents were Shedrick and Jane (James) Btdison, to whcm were born two children,. Benjamin being the youngest. Shedrick Bedison was a cooper by trade, came from Massachusetts to Beaver county about 1800, and died young. Benjamin was educatid at the schools of New Brighton, and at fourteen years of age learned the trade of machinist in Pittsburgh, where he served seven years, then returned to New Brighton and followed his trade for four years. He next engaged in contracting on the canal, which he followed two years; subsequently he builtthe Star flouring mill, «Ed for twenty years was engaced in the milling business. For the next thirteen years he was engaged in various business pursuits, spending six years in transferring freight on railroad and canal, brick manufacturing and oil prospecting, and retired from active business a few years ago. Mr. Bedison had his ups and downs in life, and were it not for over confi- dence in man he would to-day be wealthy. He was married in 1832 to Clarissa, daugh- ter of Benjamin Townsend. Six children have blessed this union, one of whom is deceased. Those living are Jane, Charles, William, Adelaide, and Thomas H. Mr. Bedison Is a Republican, and has served as member of town council, tax collector and assessor. Thomas H. Bedison, the son of Benjamin Bedison, was born in New Brighton, Oct. 2, 1845. He was eduated in the common schools of his native town, and atthe age of sixteen became a grocery clerk. He next worked during three years at the watch- maker's trade, and afteward engaged in different kinds of mechanical business till 188V, when he established himself as a grocer, which occupation he now follows. Charles H. Bentel, banker. Freedom, was born Jan. 8, 1837, a son of Philip and Margaretta (Smith) Bentel, the former born in Butler county. Pa., and the latter in Germany. They were married in Pennsylvania and lived in Freedom until their deaths.- She died in . 1881 and he in 188 3 , They were the parents of four child ren , two living; Charles H. is the second. He was married June 9, 1859, to Amanda Clark, who was born in Allegheny county, June 21, 1840. Her parents. Captain Samuel and Minerva (Reno) Clark, were natives of Pennsylvania. The former died in Whe.eling, W. Va., and the latter resides with our subject. Mr. Bentel and wife have five children : CoraF., wife of Alfred P. Marshall, of Beaver; Mattie, wife of James G. Mitchell; Anna, Thalia and Philip. Mr. Bentel followed mercantile business for seventeen years, and has since been engaged in banking. He and Mrs. Bentel are members of the Pres- byterian church. He is a F. & A. M. James Bevington, pilot, P. O. Freedom, was born in Columbiana county, Ohio, March 23, 1823, a son of Henry and Fannie (Hunter) Bevington, natives of Pennsyl- vania. They were married and settled in Ohio, and remained until 1867. Henry was married twice in Ohio, and after his last marriage moved to Pennsylvania, and there died . His widow is stili living. He was the father of twelve children, nine living. James, the third, was married first in Alliance, Ohio, May 37, 1847, to Catherine Teaters, a native of Stark county, Ohio. After marriage they moved to Birmingham, Pa., and resided until the death of Mrs. Bevington, which occurred Nov. 18, 1860. There were born to this marriage-three children, two living. July 3, 1861, Mr. Bevington married Rodiah Teaters, who was born in Harrison county, Ohio, Sept. 1, 1833, and is a daugh- ter of Perry and Levina Chane. Mr. Bevington has been a boatman since 1843, and has been captain and pilot for a ntimber of years. He and his family have resided in Freedom about twenty-five years. He is a P. & A. M. His wife is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. •^iS HISTORY OF BEAVER COUNTY. William F. L. Biddkll, dentist, New BrightoB, was born in Beaver county in 1865, the youngest of the seven children (six yet living) of Henry M. and Selina (Wilson) Bidden. . Henry M. was a native of London, England, was a contractor and builder, .and came to the United States at an early age. William F. L. was educated at the high school in New Brighton, and soon afterward commenced the study of dentistry. In 1884 he entered Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery, at Philadelpliia, graduated in 1886, and at once commenced tlie practice of his profession in New Brighton. Polit- ically Dr. Bidden is a Republican. Ca.pt. a. J. Bingham, grocer, New Brighton, was born in Allegheny county in 1840, the eldest of the eight children born to William and Rebecca (Ray) Bingham. He received a public-school training, and at the age of sixteen commenced learning carriage making, a trade he followed until 1860. In 1861 he enlisted in Company C, 61st ^Regiment P. V., wa? present at the principal battles of the war, being thrive; wounded ; was promoted to a captaincy in 1864, and was honorably discharged in 1865. Captain Bingham was married in 1867 to Annie, daughter of James and Eliza Dudgeon, of Alle- gheny county, and iive children were born to them: William J., May, Anna, Martha, Kate and Abraham Lincoln. Captain Bingham came to New Brighton in 1871, and has since been engaged in the retail grocery business. He is a. F. & A. M. ; a member of the A. O. U. W., the K. of P. and the G. A. R. He is an adherent of the Methodist church; politically a Republican. Christian Black, retired farmer, Rochester, born in Greene township, Franklin county. Pa., Aug. 13, 1807, is a son of Daniel and Catherine (Etter) Black, natives of Cumberland county. Pa. , and of German and English descent. His father was a farmer and had seven children, of whom Christian is the eldest. He was reared in Franklin -qounty, received his education in the common schools, and has followed farming all his life. He was married in 1838 to Elizabeth Black, who was of English descent and died Aug. 31, 1869, the mother of two children, George and Daniel. Mr. Black came to Beaver county in 1829 and engaged in farming, he retired in 1872, and has since resided in Rochester. Mr. and Mrs. Black were members of the United Brethren church. He is a Republican, and has served as school director, supervisor, township auditor and overseer of the poor. In 1871 he married Miss Lucinda Hesson, who died March 4, 1886. Mr. Black is a quiet, unassuming man, and has met with marked success in business. Daniel Black, farmer, P. O. Rochester, was born on the farm where he now re- sides, April 16, 1837, a son of Christian and Elizabeth Black, who were natives of Penn- :sylvania, and settled after marriage on the farm where Daniel now resides. The mother died in 1869, and the father was afterwards married to a widow Dunlap, who died in Rochester. Christian Black is still living and resides in Rochester. Our subject was married, Oct. 28, 1870, to Sarah V. Hillman, who was born in Allegheny county. Pa., in March, 1840, and is a daughter of John Hillman (deceased). She is the mother of two children: William H. K. and John C. Mr. BlacK owns a farm of 200 acres. In poli- tics he is a Republican. William H. Black, postmaster at Rochester, was born in Vanport, this county, April 33. 1854, and is a son of John and Mary Jane Black. John Black has spent a great part of his life in Rochester, where he still resides, and has three sons, of whom William H. is the youngest. Our subject was reared in Rochester, attended the public ■schools here, also the seminary and Beaver College, Beaver, Pa. He was clerk in the postoffice at Rochester two years (1874-75), then clerked in a dry goods store two years. In 1877 he embarked in mercantile trade in this place. He was senior member of the firm of Black & Breckenridge, dealers in general merchandise, from 1879 to 1887. He was appointed postmaster April 19, 1887. He served five years as secretary of Building and Loan Associations of Rochester. Mr. Black was married, Nov. 13, 1879, to Emma, daughter of Dr. T. J. Chandler, of Rochester. Mr. and Mrs. Black are members of the Methodist Episcopal church, where he has been teacher in the Sabbath school for a number of years. He is an Odd Fellow and a Good Templar, and has twice represented the latter order, as a delegate from Pennsylvania, to the Right Worthy Grand Lodge of the BIOGEAPHIES: — EAST SIDE. 749 world, in 1883, at Charleston, S. C, and in 1884, at Washington, D. C. At the age of twenty-two years he was elected assessor of the borough of Rochester, and in 1885 he was mercantile appraiser of Beaver county. In politics he is a Democrat. As post- master Mr. Black is giving universal satisfaction. A. Blatt, shoemaker. Freedom, was born in France July 9, 1845. His parents, August F. and Margaret Blatt, immigrated to America in 1848, and settled in Pittsburg.i, where they remained several years; then moved to Phillipsburg, this county, where August F. died in 1884; his widow resides on the homestead. They were the parents of ten children, seven living. Our subject, the eldest, was united in marriage, July 4, 1865, with Nancy J. BickerstafE, who was born in Beaver county, in February, 1843, and is a daughter of William and Elizabeth Bickerstaff, both living in Phillips- burg, Pa. Mr. and Mrs. Blatt have had seven children, five living. Mr. Blatt learned the trade oE shoemaking in 1882, and in 1880 he engaged as a shoe dealer in connection with his trade. He and his wife are members of the Presbyterian church, and have lived in Freedom twenty years Henry Blinn, farmer, P. O. New Brighton, wa&born in New Sewickley township, this county, in 1833. the second son of Philip and Margaret (Gilbaugh) Blinn. He was born and reared on the farm, and was married, in 1852, to Elizabeth, daughter of John Flimmer. They have the following named children: Mary Ann (Mrs. Ferguson), William H., Caroline (Mrs. Bist), Philip, Emma, Charles, Frank and Eva. Mr. Blinn has b3en engaged in farming for thirty -five years, and purchased his present farm of 100 acres in 1869. He is a member of the United Presbyterian cliuroh; he is a Democrat. Casper Blum, farmer, P. O. Brush Creek, was born in Butler county. Pa., Feb. 37, 1854. His parents, John and Laura Blum, natives of Germany, immigrated to America in 1848, settled in Beaver county, and one year later they removed to Butler county, where they remained seven years. They then came to their present farm of sixty-eight acres in New Sewickley township, where they have since resided. They have had eight children, six of whom are living: Adam, John, Lewis, Barbara, Casper and Lizzie. The deceased are Lewis and Katie. Mr. Blum was married June 6, 1878, to Christina Getteman. She was born in Butler county, Pa., April 27, 1857, and is a daughter of Peter and Elizabeth Getteman, both living. Mr. and Mrs. Blum have had four children, three of whom are living: Clara, Alfred and Alma; the one deceased was Anna. Mrs. Blam died March 17, 1885. Mr. Blum is a member of the United Presby- terian church, as was also his wife. In politics he is a Democrat. G. Y. BoAL, physician, Baden, is a native of Venango county. Pa., and was born in 1840. John Boal, his father, by trade a carpenter, was born in 1804, and married Isa- bella Huey. David, the grandfather of G. Y., came from Ireland in 1800, settled near the present town of Boalsburg, Centre county, Pa., and in his honor the town was named. John settled in Venango county in 1838, where he purchased two hundred acres of land, and where he remajned until his death, at the age of eighty-one years. Seven children were born to John and his wife, Isabella. G. Y., the third son, was educated at the common .schools, being a student later on in the high school, Cooperstown, and at Edinboro State Normal School, Erie county. Pa . He commenced the study of medicine in 1863 with Dr. Robert Crawford, of Cooperstown, Pa., took a regular course at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, in 1865, and in 1866 commenced practicing medicine at Baden, graduating in 1870 at Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery. Dr. Boal was married, in 1869, to Mary Emma, daughter of John and Sarah A. (Ander- son) Doyle. Four daughters and two sons are the result of this union: George Fay, Elizabeth Isabella, Sarah Effle, ClifEord Doyle, Mary and Margaret. Dr. Boal has by his own perseverance secured the position he now holds. Pie was a teacher in the public schools for seven winters, and since 1866 has been engaged in practice at Baden . He has for the past seven years been practicing physician for the Harmony Society. He is a deacon in the Lutheran church; politically he is a Democrat. ChakIjKS Bonzo, retired farmer, P. O. Brush Creek, was born in Butler county. Pa., in 1807. His parents, Lewis and Margaret Bonzo, natives of France, were married 43 750 HISTOEY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. in their native country; immigrated to America, located first in Butler county, Pa., anS afterward removed to Beaver county, xvliere Lewis died, and where his widow is still living. Charles Bonzo was married, June 14, 1837, to Catherine, daughter of Charles and Elizabeth Goehring (both deceased). She was born in Butler county Dec. 35, 1820, and is the mother of nine children, six of whom are living: Henry, Sophia, Elizabeth, Charles, John and Harrison. The deceased are George, Peter L. and Lottie C. Mr. Bonzo, who has always lived on a farm, owned at one time 900 acres, most of which he has divided among his children, but still owns 350 acres . In politics he is a Eepublican. Mrs Bonzo has been a member of the Lutheran church for many years. Georgk Bonzo (deceased) was a farmer of New Sewickley township, where he was born Jan. 15, 1815. He was a son of Lewis and Margaret Bonzo, who were natives of France, and came to America after their marriage and settled in Butler county. Pa., whence they removed to Beaver county, where Lewis died. His widow is still living. George Bonzo was married, Jan. 14, 1840, to Margaret Rauscher, who was born in Ger- many July 15, 1822, and came to America in 1835 with her parents, George and Mar- garet Rauscher, who settled in Beaver county and from there moved to Tennessee, where they died. Mr. and Mrs. Bonzo had six children, two of whom, Andrew and Caroline, are deceased. Those living are John, George, Mary and Wesley E. Mr. Bonzo was a farmer all his life, and at one time owned 800 acres. He was a member of the Luth- eran church, of which his widow is also a member. In politics Mr. Bonzo was a Republican. He died May 6, 1886. Mrs. Bonzo and her son, Wesley E., reside on and manage^ the homestead. John Bonzo, farmer, P.O. Freedom, was born in New Sewickley township July 14, 1843, and is a son of George and Margaret Bonzo the former deceased. Our subject was married, Nov. 19, 1868, to Martha J. Oliver, who was born in Gallia county, Ohio, May 33, 1850, a daughter of Milton Oliver, who resides in New Brighton. Mrs. Bonzo, is the mother of four children : George M., Andrew W., John A. and Clyde W. Mr. Bonzo has been a farmer all his life, and owns eighty-five acres of imi-ro\ed land. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. He is a Republican. GeokgbR. Bonzo, farmer, P. O. Brush Creek, was born in New Sewickley town- ship July 8, 1845, and is a son of George and Margaret Bonzo. He was reared on a farm, the pursuits of which he was always followed. Nov. 1, 1870, he married Mary J., daughter of James and Sarah Feazel, and born in Beaver county Jan. 16, 1850; she is the mother of six children: Alvira, born Aug. 16, 1871; Cora B., born Oct. 30, 1873; Elton A., born Aug. 27, 1875; Raymond, born July 18, 1877; Eva J., born Aug. 11, 1880, and Wildia M., born March 23, 1883. Mr. Bonzo owns eighty-one acres of land. He and his wife are msmbers of the Methodist church. Politically he is a Prohibitionist. Geobgb B. Bonzon, blacksmith, P. O. Brush Creek, was born in this county Oct. 9, 1850, a son of Peter L. and Rebecca (Brooks) Bonzon, the former a native of France, and latter of America. They were married in Allegheny county, Pa., and settled in Beaver county, where they still reside. George B. was united in marriage, May 1, 1877, with Susan A., daughter of Thomas and Eliza J. Fisher, the former deceased. Mrs! Bonzon was born in Beaver county, Sept. 28, 1852, and is the mother of one child. Bertha I., born March 17, 1878. Mr. Bonzon has been engaged in blacksmithing since his youth. He is a member of the I. O. O. F. ; in politics he is a Democrat. Edmund Boots, wagon maker, P.O. North Sewicklev, was born in Sussex, Eng- land, Oct. 13, 1811, son of Ambrose and Elizabeth (Bull) Boots, the former of whom, a carpenter by trade, came to America in 1830, and Oct. 13th of the same year settled on Brush creek. North Sewickley township, this county, here remaining until his death He had four sons, all born in the mother country, three yet living; John is deceased .Edmund was married in 1831 to Eliza, daughter of William Coleman. She died in 1833 and in 1834 Mr. Boots married Eliza, daughter of Samuel Caldwell. By this union there are four children: Samuel C, James D., Ambrose and Edmund R. Mr. Boots owns the property, consisting of seventy acres, where he has resided since 1880 He has been secretary of the school board of his township for eight years, and has held the BIOGEAPHIES EAST SIDE. 751 office of supervisor two terms. He and Mrs. Boots are member of the Methodist Epis- copal church; in politics he is a Republican. Edmund R. Boots, merchant. New Brighton, was born in North Sewickley town- ship, Beaver county, Pa., in 1843, and is the youngest in the family of four children of Edmund and Eliza (Caldwell) Boots, the latter a native of Huntingdon county. Pa. The father, the second son of Ambrose and Elizabeth (Bull) Boots, parents of four chil- dren, came from Sussex, England, when eighteen years ot age, and in 1833 to Beaver county, where he purchased 160 acres of land, and has since resided. At the age of seventeen years Edmund R. enlisted in Company II, 101st Regiment, P. V., serving four years. He participated in the Siege of Yorktown, battles of Williamsburg and Fair Oaks, the Seven Days' fight, and other engagements. He was a commissioned of- ficer in Company B, Fifth Artillery, during the last nine months of the war; returned to Beaver county in 1865, and the next year engaged in general merchandise business in New Brighton. He married, Sept. 20, 1866. Alice J., daughter of William Barton, of North Sewickley township and six children have been born to them (five yet living): John S. (assisting his father in the store), E. W., Mary Bell (deceased), Alice E., Frank andHattieC. The mother died Feb. 13, 1886. Mr. Boots is a member of the town council and treasurer of the borough, and is a Republican in politics. He is an adherent of the Methodist Episcopal church. Samuel Boots, carpenter and farmer, P. O. North Sewickley, was born in Sussex, England, May 35, 1816. His parents, Ambrose and Elizabeth (Bull) Boots, came to America in 1880, and settled in North Sewickley township. The father was a carpenter until coming to Beaver county, when he carried on farming, with his eldest son, up to his death in 1844; his widow died in 1852. They had four children: Mary, John, Ed- mund and Samuel. Samuel received a limited education, and served an apprenticeship at the milling business in his native land, but on arriving in this country learned car- pentering and cabinet making, which he followed, together with farming, up to his re- tirement from active life. He made the coffin for the first interment (remains of James Magaw) in Grove cemetery. He married, in 1837, Harriet Wild, an English lady, who came to America in 1830. They were both on the ocean at the same time but, were not acquainted with each other until they came to America. They have had eight children, four now living: Elizabeth, Mary Ann, Amos C. and Nancy Jane. Since coming to this country Mr. Boots has resided in this township, where he acted as poor director seven years without missing a single meeting of the board; was school director four years, and held the office of overseer of the poor in 1847, before the county home was built. He is now living a retired life with his son, Amos C, on his farm of 150 acres; is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, of which he has been trustee for many years; in politics he is a Republican. Mrs. Boots died March 16, 1875. Fkank A. BoswELii, grocer. New Brighton, was in Beaver county. Pa., in 1859, and is a son of William and Julia (McMichael) Boswell, the parents of twelve children. He received a good public school training, and when nineteen years of age commenced a three years' apprenticeship to the moulding trade, which he followed five years. la 1883 he commenced in the grocery business with his brother in New Brighton, and in 1885 formed the present partnership in the same line with Albert G. Harvey, under the firm name of Boswell & Harvey. In 1875, Mr. Boswell married Ada Wagner, daughter of Mrs. Melissa Wagner, of this county, and by her has two children, Julia and Bernice. In politics Mr. Boswell is a Republican. John Boswell, cigar dealer. New Brighton, is a native of England, born in 1827, second son in the family of nine children of George Boswell, a farmer. He attended the public schools and remained on the farm until fifteen years of age, when he learned blacksmithing, which he followed eight years. In 1849 he came to New Brighton, where he has been engaged in various occupations for the past ten years in the same establishment at his present trade. He married, in 1853, Mary Ann Livsey, also a native of England, who bore him four children, all deceased except one, F. W., at home. Mr. Boswell is a member of the I. 0.0. F. and K. of P.; a Republican, po- litically. 762 HISTOEY OF BEAVEK COUNTY. John S. Boyd, physician. New Brighton, was born in Mood township, Beaver county, in 1845. His parents, Samuel and Sarah (Wade) Boyd, had four children . John S., the third child, was reared in the towns of Allegheny and New Sheffield, at- tending the common schools and an academy. He taught school for six years during the winter and attended school in summer. In 1871 he commenced the study of medi- cine under Dr. Langford and Dr. Wendt, entered Cleveland Homoeopathic College, from which he graduated in 1874, and soon thereafter commenced the practice of his profession at his home, removing in 1883 to New Brighton . He was married, in 1877, to Lizzie J., daughter of James W. and Mary Shannon, of Pittsburgh, Pa., and three children were born to them; two of them are living: Lelia and Faye. Dr. Boyd is a member of the United Presbyterian church; in politics he is a Republican. William M. Boyle, proprietor Clyde House, New Brighton, was born in Beaver county in 1850. He was reared on a farm in Chippewa township, this county, and re- ceived a common-school education. At eleven years of age he left the farm and went to Youngstown, Ohio, where he attended school a short time. He has been engaged in various pursuits, a helper in the oil fields, an oil producer, a manufacturer of cigars, and for eight years was in the upholstery business in New Brighton. He was married, in 1870, to Josephine, daughter of James and Margaret Rager, of this county. They have three children: Annie, Edward and James. In 1877 Mr. Boyle bought and as- sumed the proprietorship of the Clyde Hotel in New Brighton . He is a member of the A. O. U. W.: politically he is a Democrat. Charles C. Bracken, dealer in stoves and house furnishings, New Brighton, was born in 1860, in Batler county. Pa., the eldest of the three children of R. G. and A. J. (Gold) Bracken. He was reared on a farm, received a common-school education, and learned the trade of tinsmith. He came to Beaver county in 1879, and followed his trade until 1887, in which year he purchased his present business in New Brighton . He was married in 1881 to Jennie, daughter of William H. Martin, of Butler county, aod one child, Charles H., has been born to them. Mr. Bracken is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church; politically he is a Republican. Walter S. Bradkn, postmaster, New Brighton, was born in Beaver Falls, March 15, 1853, and is the eldest son of A. B. andC. R. (Boyle) Braden, who had nine children. His grandfather, John Braden, came from Ireland about 1790 and soon afterward settled in Beaver county, where he was a farmer. He married Catherine Mclntyre, who bore him twelve children; A. B., the youngest, was a farmer in early life, later engaged in mer- cantile business and isnow living a retired life in Beaver Falls. Walter S. attended the common schools, and the Iron City College at Pittsburgh, from which institution he was graduated in 1872. He has been engaged in the mercantile and real estate businesses. He was married in 1879 to Miss E . E. Goddard, daughter of John Goddard , of this town , and they have four children: Laura, Edith, Karl and Naomi. Mr. Braden was appointed postmaster at New Brighton in 1886. He is a member of the Royal Arcanum ; in politics a Democrat. Benjamin Rush Bradford. The paternal ancestors of Benjamin Rush Bradford were for five generations among the most prominent citizens of Philadelphia, and some of them were distinguished as patriots and statesmen in the history of our country William Bradfqrd, his great great-grandfather, born in 1660 in Leicester England who died May 33, 1753, came with William Penn to America in 1682, and was the first printer for the Middle Provinces as also the first to start a paper mill in Pennsylvania His son Andrew was the friend and patron of Benjamin Franklin. He was a man of large wealth, a member of common councils and postmaster of Philadelphia. Thomas Brad- ford, the printer, was born May 4, 1745, and died May 7, 1838. He married Nov 23 1768, Mary, daughter of Samuel Fisher. His son, Thomas Bradford, LL.D 'was born April 10, 1780, and died Oct. 25, 1851. Leaving the university of Pennsylvania in his junior year he first learned the art of printing; then engaged in legal studies and became a leading member of the Philadelphia bar. In May, 1805, he married Elizabeth eld.st daughter of Vincent Loockerman, Esq., of Dover, Del., to whom were born four sons BIOGEAl'HIES EAST SIDE. 753 and one daughter. The birth of their second son, Benjamin Rush Bradford, occurred Sept. 15, 1813, in Philadelphia. His academical studies were conducted in Pitlsfield, Mass., ill health having interfered with n regular collegiate course. He resided for three years in Dover, Del., in 1887 removed to Mercer county, Pa., and in 1839 settled on a farm near New Brighton. He was nominated as a candidate for Governor on the American ticket, and at another and later date received the nomination for Lieutenant- Governor on the Prohibition ticket. During his early manhood when business duties required, Mr. Bradford traveled eighteen thousand or more miles on horseback through Pennsylvania and Virginia, looking after large landed estates entrusted to his care. While thus engaged he had numerous land ejectment cases and other suits in law, not one of which he lost, and for his mode of preparing which he received the encomiums of Chief- Justice Agnew and others. The degree of A. M. was conferred upon Mr. Bradford by Jefferson College. A staunch Presbyterian in his religious faith, he was an elder of the First Presbyterian church, of New Brighton, and in 1849 was elected a director of the "Western Theological Seminary; was also one of the founders of the Union Benevolent Society of Philadelphia. He was one of the corporate members of the Board of Col- portage, and member of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian church for the years 1849, 1855 and 1860. Mr. Bradford took great interest in the Sabbath-school cause, and was for fifty years scholar, teacher and superintendent. 'He was also stn active worker in the cause of temperance, his life having been one of Christian activity and useful- ness until his death, which occurred June 9, 1884. Mr. Bradford was married, Nov. 26, 1840, to Margaret, youngest daughter of William and Jane Campbell, of Butler, Pa., who yet survives him and resides in New Brighton with her son, Hon. Thomas Brad- ford. Their children were Juliet S. (Mrs. Charles C. Townsend), Thomas, Eleanor (Mrs. Walter Buhl) and William C. (deceased). Thomas was born in Beaver county in 1846, educated at the Polytechnic Institute, Troy, N. Y. ; by profession is a civil engineer and wasamemberof the legislature of Pennsylvania for the years 1879-80. During his father's life he ably assisted him in the real estate business, to which he has succeeded . He is a member of the Presbyterian church. Jacob P. Brandt, merchant, P. O. Freedom, was born in New Sewickley town- ship, Beaver county. Pa., on the present site of St. Clair borough. May 21, 1842. His father, Conrad Brandt, a native of Hesse Cassel, Germany, emigrated to America in 1837, and settled in Beaver county. His mother, Christina Walter, a native of Baden, Germany, emigrated with her parents to Americain 1833, and also settled in Beaver county. Conrad and Christina (Walter) Brandt were married, July 4, 1841, and have resided in what is now St. Clair, ever since. They had six children, of Vhom three are living, viz: Jacob P., John C. and Charles F. Jacob P., the eldest, was married, April 10, 1871, to Christina Bishoffberger, who was born in Baden, Germany, Aug. 31, 1847. Her parents, George and Rosanna Bishoffberger, were natives of Baden, Germany. George Bishoffberger died in 1847, and his widow came to America in 1868, and settled in Erie, Pa. Our subject, after receiving a common-school education, such as could be had in a country district at that time, learned the blacksmith trade with his father, and followed it for four years. When the War of the Rebellion broke out in 1861 he enlisted In Company H, 139th Regiment, P . V . , and served with his regiment in the army of the Potomac, six months. He was honorably discharged on account of disability. He then learned the cooper trade, which he followed for about twelve years. In the spring of 1875 he engaged in the mercantile business in St. Clair, which he still follows. He and his wife are members of the Lutheran church. He is a charter member of Post 407, G. A. R., department of Pennsylvania; he was twice elected 'burgess of St. Clair borough, and in March, 1887, he was again appointed burgess of St. Clair by Judge Wickham, of Beaver county, which position he still holds at this writing. W. H. Breckenridgb, merchant, Rochester, was born in North Washington, But- ler county. Pa., Feb. 28, 1853, and is a son of J. B. and Sophia (Ehrenfeld) Brecken- ridge, natives of Pennsylvania, and of Scotch-Irish and German descent. J. B. is a Lutheran minister, and with his wife came to Beaver county in 1859, settling in Roches- 754 HISTOEY OF BEAVER COUNTY. ter. W. H. is the ninth in a family of eleven children, was educated at the public schools, and early in life learned the carpenter's trade, which he followed for eight years. In 1878 he embarked in mercantile trade, under the firm name of Black & Breck- enridge, but in 1887 Mr. Black was appointed postmastpr at Rochester, since which time Mr. Breckenridge has continued the business alone. He was married, Aug. 20, 1874, to Miss Jennie A. Thorton, a lady of English descent, and they have two children: Helen T. and Ernest S. Mr. and Mrs. Breckenridge are members of the Lutheran church. He is a trustee and deacon in the church, and a teacher in the Sabbath-school. In politics he is a Republican . James A. Brewer, farmer, P. 0. New Brighton, was born in Allegheny county, in 1820, and came with his parents. Elias and Hannah (Shay) Brewer, to Beaver county in 1830. Elias was a farmer by occupation, and. came originally from Eastern Pennsyl- vania. He had four sons and seven daughters. James A., the second son, started in life without a dollar, and, as a result of his industry and perseverance, now owns 128 acres of land, second in quality to none in Pulaski township, with large and commodious buildings. He was married, in 1842, to Jennie, daughter of Robert Moore. Mrs. Brewer died in 1866, the mother of ten children . Mr . Brewer is a member of the United Presbyterian church; politically he Is a Democrat. P. K. Bribrlt, contractor and proprietor of planing mill, etc., Beaver Falls, resi- dence New Brighton, is a native of Massachusetts, born in 1846, to Samuel and Orilla (Kendrick) Brierly, parents of Ave children, three now living, our subject being the second son . The family is of English origin . Samuel Brierly, who was a wool carder, located in Lawrence county. Pa., in 1848, and in Beaver county in 1858. F. K. received a public-school education, and since youth has been an active business man. When twenty-one years of age he became a member of the firm of Waddle, Wilson & Co., con- tractors and builders, the present style being Wilson & Brierly. Mr. Brierly is also partner in a flour mill and foundry at Beaver Falls . In 1868 he married Jennie Thomp- son, who died in 1878, leaving three children: Walter, Ella and Addle. He afterward married Anna Leslie, who has borne him one child, Mabel. Mr. Brierly is a member of the A. O. U. W., and is a Good Templar. He attends the services of the Methodist Protestant church. HoK. Haetfoed P. Brown, member of the state legislature, of Rochester, was born in Raccoon township, this county, Aug. 7, 1851 . His parents. Perry and Mary (McCombs) Brown, were natives of Beaver county and of Scotch-Irish descent. Perry has retired from active business life, and is still living in Rochester. He has two children: Amanda, wife of Samuel R. Campbell, of Beaver Falls, and Hartford P. The family have long been residents of this county. Amasa Brown, grandfather of Hartford P., was the master builder for the fleet built here by Aaron Burr in 1806. Hartford P. was reared in Freedom, Pa., attending schoolat Freedom, Rochester and theBeaver Academy. His first business was as bookkeeper .^ind teller in the Second National Bank at Pittsburgh, where he remained until appointed cadet at West Point ililitary Academy, but resigned the cadetship during the first year. He then returned to Rochester and formed a part- nership with Hon. Samuel J. Cross in mercantile trade. They kept a general store until 1879, when !JIr. Brown sold out. He then built a steamboat called the " Carrier," which he managed until 1884, when he bought the wholesale and retail tobacco and cigar business of Samuel Moody, which he conducted until 1887. In 1886 he was elected to the legislature. He has served as a member of the school board in Rochester and is president of the M. S. Quay Republican Club of Beaver county. Mr. Brown was married, June 26, 1873, to Sue T., daughter of Hon. Samuel J. Crofs, and they have five children: Hartford P., Jr., Frances, Emma, Sue and Julia. Mrs. Brown is a member of the Baptist church at Rochester. Charles N. L. Brudewold, general manager of the New Brighton Glass Com- pany, is a native of Norway, born in 1843, the eldest of the seven children of Canute and Lena (Thomson) Brudewold. The family came to this country in 1859, and soon alter settled in Iowa, where Canute was a prominent merchant, but is now retired. Charles UIOQKAPHIES EAST SIDE. 755 N. L. is a graduate of tlie Citizens' Latin School, of his native countiy, and as will he seen was seventeen years old when he arrived in the land of his adoption. From 1863 to 1879 he was engaged in the manufacture of glass at Pittsburgh, Pa., after which he resided in St. Louis, Mo., until 1885, when he came to New Brighton and founded the glassworks, of which he has the entire general management. He married, in 1864, Martha Munson, of Missouri, who has borne him two children, Canute and Lena. Mr. Brudewold is a member of the Metliodist church. Captain Henry A. Bryan, steamboat pilot, P. O. Baden, was born in Beaver •county, ;March 11, 1834. John Bryan, the original pioneer of his family, came to America from Wales at an early period; was a soldier and a captain in the revolution, a,nd settled in Chester county. Pa. He married Barbara Boon, in July,, 1768, and by her he had one son, William. John died in 1807, his wife in 1805. William was born in 1767 in West Chester, and reared in Easton, Pa., where he engaged in the hotel business. He married Sarah Price in 1792, the result of the union being five sons and one daughter. William, who was a miller by trade, came to Beaver county in 1811, and engaged in the hotel business, his inn being the general headquarters for the oifleers and soldiers during the war of 1812. He erected a two-story stone building, which is still standing in a good state of preservation, and is owned by his grandson, our subject. He died in 1840. Aaron ^l. was among the oldest sons; was born in 1805 and died in 1848. He was a farmer, and like his father, was a hotel man. Aaron married Ann, daughter of Rev. Andrew JlcDonald, a Presbyterian minister, who organized the first church at Sewickley, and for many years was minister at that place. Born to Aaron and his wife, Ann, were seven children, five of whom are now living: Henry A., Catherine, Sarah, A. Boon and Ann Amanda. Mrs. Bryan now resides on the farm, and occupies the farm-house purchased by Mr. Bryan. Henry was educated at the common schools, and early engaged in steamboating, which he has followed nearly all his life, having recently retired. He was married, in 1865, to Bell, daughter of Thomas Neill. Since 1879 Mr. Bryan has been engaged in mercantile business. He was one of the original projectors of the Baden Gas Company, and the first well for that company was bored on his farm. He is a member of the Presbyterian church, a F. & A. M. ; in politics a Democrat. Jacob F. Buquo, farmer, P. O. Barrisville, was born in Lancaster township, But- ler county. Pa., June 11, 1842, a son of Jacob and Margaret (Hohnadle) Buquo, natives of Germany. The father immigrated to America in 1831, and located in Pittsburgh, where he followed blacksmithing for several years, after which he engaged in merchan- dising until 1841. He then removed to Butler county and purchased a 160-acre farm, which he carried on until 1867; then sold out and moved to Houston county, Tenn. , where he bought a tract of land, to which he added from time to time until he now owns 700 acres, besides several pieces of town property. He had seven children, five now living: Sarah, Jacob F., Henry, Amelia and George. During the rebellion Jacob F. entered the service as teamster, and on his discharge at the close of the war removed to Venango county, Pa. , and engaged in the oil business for about two years, at the same time following contracting. He then formed a partnership with Jacob Ifft in leasing land and sinking wells!, for some two years more, and in 1868 embarked in the lumbering business in Tennessee. In this he continued three years, after which he moved to North Sewickley and purchased of Daniel Haynes his present farm of 108 acres. Mr. Buquo was married in this township, in 1866, to Gertrude, daughter of Peter lift, and they had eight children, seven now living: Anna Margaret, Clara, William Henry, Fer- dinand, Gertrude Amelia, Sadie Eleanora and John Jacob Frederick Dillsworth. Mr. Buquo was elected supervisor one term ; in politics he is a Republican. He and his wife are members of the United Presbyterian church. Samuel Burns, farmer, P. O. Bush Creek, was born in this county, Feb. 24, 1816, a son of Samuel and Ellen (Tucker) Burns, natives respectively of Ireland and Maryland. They were married In Pennsylvania, and settled in Beaver county where they died, the parents of twelve children; seven of whom are living. Samuel our subject married. T56 HISTOEY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. March 25, 1840, Ruth Shaner, who was born in New Sewickley township in 1833, and is a daughter of David and Ruth Shaner, both deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Burns are the parents of seven children, of whom four are living: Chosten, David, James and Mary. The deceased are Emma and John. Mr. Burns was reared on a farm and has been a life-long farmer. He owns about 320 acres of tine land. He and his wife are members- of the Methodist Episcopal church. In politics he is a Democrat. RtcHARD Bdtlee, Carpenter, P. O. New Brighton, was born in Allegheny county in 1834. His parents Abiah, a farmer, and Jane (Beel; Butler, had fifteen children, Richard being one of the youngest. Richard was born and reared on the farm, received a common-scliool education, and followed agricultural pursuits for some years. He married, in 1859, Mary E. , daughter of Jonathan Houk, and three children have blessed their union: Jonathan Abiah, Harriet B. and Richard. Mr. Butler learned the carpen- ter's trade at twenty years of age, and with the exception of about three years he has- made it his life-long occupation. He enlisted in Company E, 25th Wisconsin Regiment, was with Sherman on his celebrated march, and was engaged in many battles, as he was in active service every day for three years. He is now engaged, besides working at his trade, in the stone quarrying and clay business. He is a member of the Methodist Epis- copal church, and of the A. O.' U. W. He is a Republican politically. J. H. Caelb, merchant, Rochester, was born in Beaver March IT, 1831, a son of John and Phoebe (Goehring) Cable, tlie latter born in Germany and the former in Penn- sylvania, of German descent. John was a farmer, and died in Rochester in 1849.- J. H. is the fourth in a family of twelve children, ten of whom grew to maturity. He was reared in Beaver county, received his education in the common schools, and later learned the carpenter's trade, which he followed until 1862. He then began work with his brothers, who were masons, and with them carried on that trade until 1885, when he established a general grocery store, which he has since managed with success. He was married, in 1853, to Amanda Kelly, of Irish descent. Their children are Amelia, wife of John Spradley; Henry R., a brick-mason; Phoebe, wife of John A. Miller, a promiueot manufacturer, of Rochester; Bessie, wife of David Aldrich; Callie, Joseph and Grace, at home. Mrs. Cable is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. Mr. Cable is a Republican. Robert M. Cablb, merchant, Rochester, was born in Rochester borough, Dec. 17^ 1857. His parents, Charles and Elizabeth (Javens) Cable, were natives of this county' and of Irish and German origin. Robert M. is the third of twelve children, was reared in Rochester and attended the schools here. His first work was with his father at stone contracting, which business the latter followed successfully many years, dying in Roch- ester in 1885. When Robert was nineteen years of age he established himself in mer- cantile trade, and at the age of twenty-one erected his present store building. He keeps a general grocery store, is polite and courteous, and is a man well calculated for Ihe mercantile business. He married, in 1887, Mary J. McKee, of Irish descent, a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. Mr. Cable is a Democrat, and a member of the Junior Order of the United American Mechanics. John W. Caldek, merchant, Rochester, was born in Huntingdon county Pa Nov. 34, 1858, and is a son of Thomas N. and Pheba (Worrell) Calder, natives of Penn- sylvania and of English and Scotch origin. Thomas N. is a farmer, an extensive stock dealer and one of the prominent men of Huntingdon county. John W. was the fourth in a family of seven children, of whom four sons and one daughter are living, and at the age of seven years came to live with Lewis Taylor, an attorney at Rochester He was a great favorite with Mr. Taylor and became greatly attached to him. Mr Taylor was his teacher, and did not permit him to attend school. He learned the mason's trade and two years after completing his apprenticeship took a contract amounting to over|75 OCO and successfully completed it. The skill and energy displayed in this work attracted the attention of Withrow & Gorden, extensive iron manufacturers at Pittsburgh He was their general superintendent of construction seven years, and at times had seven or eight hundred men under his charge. In the employ of this company he traveled all lilOGKAPHIES —EAST SIDE. 75T over the United States. He was then engaged with Reider & Conley, of Pittsburgh, for two years, at the expiration of which time his old friend, Lewis Taylor, was taken ill and Mr. Calder resigned his position, came to Rochester and nursed him until he died. He then bought Mr Taylor's old homestead and has since resided in Rochester. In 1883 he embarked in the dry goods and notion business, which he yet continues. He married vec. 29, 1886, .Tessie \., daughter of Robert B. Clark, of Beaver Falls. They are mem- bers of the Presbyterian church . Mr. Calder is a Republican and has been a mem- ber of the school board in Rochester, Pa. He is financial secretary of Council No. 140 of the American ]N[echanics, and is a Sir Knight Templar. Jamks Cakltn, farmer, P. O. Rochester, was born in Ireland in 1829. Dec. 10, 1849, he left his native land and after a voyage of five weeks and two days, during- which time the vessel was wrecked, landed in New York, Jan. 17, 1850. There he lay for six weeks in the hospital from the effects of exposure during the voyage. After his recovery he went to Kittanning; thence to Allegheny county to his brother. There- he worked on a plank road for some months and subsequently hired with a farmer in Butler county for eight dollars per month, and the following summer worked at the carpenter's trade for ten dollars per month. He and his brother, who had just come out from Ireland, leased thirty acres of ground for six years, in Hanover township. Leav- ing his brother to manage the farm, Mr. Carlin, in 1854, went to California, where he worked at mining, sending all his spare money to his brother to buy a farm . In 1858'- he returned home, took a trip to Ireland, where he remained six weeks and then re- turned to this country, bringing his two sisters with him. Leaving them on the farm with his brother he again went to California, and for five years worked as a gardener- for from fifty to sixty dollars per month; also worked eight years in a store in Eldorado coimty. While in California Mr. Carlin married Lizzie Kelly, daughter of William and Nancy (Cowey) Kelly. He met her when in the old country, wrote for her to meet him in San Francisco, where they were married, and there two of their children were born. Mr. Carlin made three trips to California, leaving there the last time July 9, 1867, with his family, and after a-voyage of thirty-one days, during which time he again suf- fered from shipwreck, the vessel arrived in New York. After remaining in Pittsburgh for a short time, he went to Ohio, to the home of his father-in-law, where his family rem lined until the following year, and Mr. Carlin meantime worked at the machine business until he could get a farm to suit him. Later he purchased his present farm of seventy-three acres, two and one-half miles from Rochester. The third year on this farm , Mr. Carlin was struck by a locomotive and severely injured, from the effects of which he still suffers. Seven children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Carlin: Aggie (Mrs. White), William, John, Thomas, Ella, Clara and Jennie. Mr. Carlin has been a hard working man, and by perseverance and the aid of an industrious and saving wife has- secured a good home. They are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. Politi- cally he is a Republican. William Carb, glass finisher, Rochester, was born at Steubenville, Ohio, Oct. 5,- 1848, a son of Robert and Mary (Hall) Carr, natives of Maryland and of Irish descent. Robert Carr was a glass finisher and in early life a glass blower. Ho had five sons and three daughters and six of the family are now living, of whom William is the youngest^ He was only fourteen months old when his father died; was reared in Steubenville and attended the district and public schools. He commenced to learn his trade in Steuben- ville at the age of nine years, and afterward went to Pittsburgh and worked for a num- ber of years. He then came to Rochester with the firm which established the Rochester Tumbler Works, in 1872, and has been an active member of the firm ever sinre. He was married at Steubenville, Ohio, Dec. 30, 1860, to MaryE., daughter of R. H. Ald- ridge, who was a native of Maryland and of English lineage. They have three chil- dren: Carrie, Eddie and Nellie. Mr. and Mrs. Carr are members of the Episcopal church. Mr. Carr is a prominent F. & A. M. , and has taken thirty-two degrees in that order. He is also a member of the I. O. O. F. Dbwitt C. Champlin, bank teller, P. O. New Brighton, was born in Onondagai ■T58 HISTOEY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. •county, N. Y., and came witlihis parents to Beaver county when eight years of age. He received a good common-school education, and for two years was a student at Jeffer- son College, Pa. He has been engaged in various pursuits, for a number of years at •steamboaling, and was a farmer in Maryland fcr some time. During the war he was at JVIeraphis, Tenn., and for two years was clerk of the military court. Since 1856- he has made New Brighton his home principally. From 1870 to 1883 he lived a retired life, and during the past three years ha^ been tellef of the National Bank of New Brighton. He is a member of the Presbyterian church; politically he is a Democrat. T. J. Chandler, retired dentist, Rochester, was born in Bedford county, Pa., Aug. 17, 1807, a son of Jeremiah N. and Sarah (Jolmston) Chandler, His mother was born in Pennsylvania, and his father in Norfolk, Va., and they were of English and Scotch descent. Our subject's grandfather, Jeremiah Chandler, \\ as married in 1781. Jeremiah N. studied medicine, but never practiced, and was a hotel keeper in Huntingdon and Bedford counties. T. J. spent his youth in Huntingdon county, received his tducation in the old-fashioned log school-house, and early in life learned the trade of a silversmith, then that of a tailor, at which he worked until he found it injured his health. He then commenced the study of dentistry, and found his knowledge of work in silver of great ^advantage to him, as in those days almost all plates were msde of silver ard gold. He commenced the practice of dentistry at Alexandria, Pa., removed thence to Beaver -county in 1834, and in 1883 retired from practice. During the war he went South, and was with the Union army for over two years, receiving from Secretary Stanton a pass which enabled him to go through the lines at all times. He returned home in 1863, and was so overrun with work that he could hardly get out of the house day or night. He was married, Aug. 28, 1839, to Eliza J., daughter of Thomas and Hattie (Stearns) Sherman, natives of Pennsylvania, and of German and Irish descent. The children of Mr. and Mrs. Chandler are as follows; William, a dentist; Henry B. (deceased), also a •dentist; Harrison, a dentist; Harriet, Matilda, Josephine, Clara, Emma Q. and Mary (an adopted daughter), all married. Mr. and Mrs. Chandler are members of the Methodist Episcopal church, in which he has been steward and class leader. He became a mem- ber of this church in 1837. He is a prominent member of the Good Templars; in politics a Prohibitionist. He has been ticket agent for the Pittsburgh &-Port Wayne Railroad for thirty iive years. H. J. Chandlbr, dentist, Rochester, was born in Bridgewater, Pa., Sept. 4, 1840, a son of T. J. Chandler, a retired dentist of Rochester. He is the seventh in a family of •twelve children, seven now living; he was reared in Rochester, attended the public schools, and learned dentistry with his father. In the winter of 1860 and 1861 he went to New Orleans and opened an office, but owing to the excitement of the war he returned to Rochester. When he reached home he enlisted in the Curtin Riflemen, which became Company F, of the 10th Pennsylvania Infantry. He was a non-commissioned officer, and was three times slightly wounded, at Gaines' Mill, Charles City Crossroads .and second Bull Run; after which was sent to the hospital, and was discharged from the army Feb. 27, 1863. He regained his health, and Jan . 4, 1864, reEnlisted in Company K, the 76th P. V. I., as a recruit, and was wounded at Chester Station, Va., May 7, 1864, and also at Fair Oaks Oct. 37, 1864 (the two last times severely), and was promoted for bravery, after having command of his company as a non-commissioned ofHcer in five different engagements, to second lieutcnnnt, and was the officer in command when he was wounded the last time. He was then se:)t to Pittsburgh on detached service, was appointed a member of the military court there, and served until the close of the war. He then returned to Rochester and entered again upon the practice of his profession. ■He was married, in 1869, to Adda C. Critchlow, who is of English descent. This union has been blessed with four children: Benjamin L., Thomas P., Harrison C. and Eunice E. ^Ir. and Mrs. Chandler are members of the Presbyterian chui'ch. He is a member of the G. A. R. Post, of Rochester; in politics a Republican. C. H. Clakk, proprietor of the St. .James hotel, Rochester, was born April 4, 1841, A son of Samuel and Martha (Shirk) Clark, natives of Lancaster county. Pa., and of BIOGRAPHIES — EAST SIDE. Y59 Scotch and German descent. Samuel was a farmer all his life, and died in 1874, the father of four children. C. IT., the eldest child, was reared on the farm and edu- cated in the common schools. Later he became a teacher, which occupation he followed until 1870, when he embarked in the hotel b\isiness in Rochester. He kept the " John- son House" three years, then the "Pavilion Hotel" for ten years, and in 1886 bought the "St. James' Hotel " property ; he is a popular landlord. He enlisted, in 1864, in Company A, One Hundred and Ninety-sixth O. V. I., and served as orderly sergeant. He is a member of the United Workmen, the Royal Arcanum, and the Garfield Council of Ajnerican Mechanics. In politics he is a Republican. He has been school director. He was married in Butler county, Pa., in 1866, to Mary, daughter of Phillip Stefler, and of German origin. They have four sons now living: Howard, at college; Harry, Maurice and Walter. Ira Clevei.axd, retired. Freedom, was born in Ohio July 9, 1831, a son of Jonas and Sarah (Voorhees) Cleveland. His parents were married in New York, and removed to Ohio, where they remained about ten years. In 1833 they moved to Southern Michigan, and remained on the same farm until their deaths. They had ten children, of whom si.^ are living. Ira, the fifth child, was married in Michigan, Dec. 4, 1854, to Ruth A., born in New York Aug. 30, 1838, daughter of Joshua and Deborah (Dwelley) Baker, who died in Michigan. Mr. Cleveland learned the carpenter's trade, which he followed for many years. When the war broke out he enlisted in Company O, 13lh Wisconsin Volunteers, and remained in the service four years. He then en- gaged in farming until Sept. 1, 1879, when he moved to Freedom, Pa., and has since resided there. In 1887 he was elected justice of the peace, and still holds the office. He has had three children, two 'Of who are living, one married and the other -single. Mr. Cleveland owns five houses and lots in Freedom, renting all except the residence which he and family occupy. George H. Coleman, farmer, P. O. Brush Creek, was born in Beaver county, Nov. ■29, 1843. His father, Edward Coleman, a native of England, immigrated to America with his parents when fourteen years of age, settled in Beaver county and married Elizabeth Hinds. Both died in this county. George H. was married, Nov 4, 1869, to Elizabeth, daughter of Charles and Catherine Bonzo. She was born in this county July 14, 1846, and to them have been born nine children, one of whom. CoUeda T., is deceased. Those living are Warren W., Charles E., Laura E., Eva C, Lottie S., Ross C, Delbert L. and George W. Mr, Coleman followed teaching thirteen winters, and his faiher was also a teacher. He has been engaged in farming nineteen years. In 1861 he enlisted in Company H, 101st Regiment P. V., and was at the siege of Yorktown, at the battles of Williamsburg and Fair Oaks, and the Seven Days' fight. He was honorably discharged in 1862, and reenlisted in 1863, in Company I, 52d Regiment, and was discharged the «ame year. He is a member of the G. A. R., at Rochester, and has filled the offices of justice of the peace and school director. He owns 250 acres of improved land. John Conway, banker, Rochester, president of the John Conway Company Bank, was born in this county March 37, 1830, and is a son of Michael and Mary (O'Brien) ■Conway. His parents came from Ireland in 1825 and settled in Economy township, this county, on a farm where they spent the remaining portion of their lives. John is the fourth in their family of six children. He grew to manhood in the rural district of Beaver county, obtaining his education at the public schools and the college at Vin- €ennes, Ind., where he attended two years. His first bu.siness was as a steamboat clerk on the Ohio, at which he remained from 1847 to 1854. He then embarked in the dry goods trade and established a store at Newcastle, Pa., remaining there until 1856. In 1858 he came to Rochester and was engaged in mercantile trade until 1871, when the present firm was established. The business of this firm was safely conducted by Mr. Conway through the panic of 1873, and the dismal business times of 1874 and 1875, and tie has won the confidence of the community. He has spent most of his life in this county, and for years has been prominently identified with its commercial interests and progress. He married, in 1857, Miss Thalia, daughter of Philip Bentel! She was a 760 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. native of Freedom and of German origin. They bave two children: Lillian, wife of N. F. Hurst of Rochester, and Charles B. Mr. and Mrs. Conway are members of the Presbyterian church, of which he has been a trustee for sixteen years. He is president of the Olive Stove Works and of the Union Street Railway Company of Rochester; is also a director of the Rochester Heat ct Light Company, is a prominent member of the Masonic fraternity and has taken thi'rty-two degrees in that order. In politics he is a Democrat . O. H. Couch, undertaker and furniture dealer, P O. New Brighton, was born in Allegheny county io 1829, a son of Nathan and Emily (Light) Couch. His father, who was a shoemaker, had six children. O. H., the eldest, was reared in his native county, and received a common-school education. In youth he was employed in a woolen establishment; during the war was engaged at railroad engineering, and afterward was- for ten years in the mercantile business. In 1884 he located at his present place of busi- ness, where he carries a full line of furniture and follows the undertaking business. He was married, iu 1851, to Cbarlotte, daughter of William Dunbar, of Philadelphia, and they have eight children: Esther, John. Nathan, Eliza, Charlotta, David, Mary Ann and Orlando. Mr. Couch is a Democrat. Charles Covert, dealer in groceries, provisions, notions and tinware, P. O. New Brighton, is a native of Butler county, Pa., born in 1853, second son in the family of nine children (seven of whom grew to maturity), of Rufus P. and Susan (Radenbough) Covert. The father was a school teacher and manufacturer of tubs. Charles Covert came to this county when three years of age with his parents, and here received a com- mon-school education. When eleven he commenced learning tub making; worked at that until the business was discontinued, then was employed in the manufacture of cutlery, and other business, and afterward, for several years, followed the trade of a carpenter. In 1883, with no previous experience, he embarked in his present successful business in New Brighton. He was married, in 1877, to Margaret, daughter of Madison Phillis, of this county, and by her has four children: Margaret, Rufus P., Allen and Elsie. Mr. Covert is a member of the K. of P. and R. A. In politics he is a Democrat. P. H. CoTLE, farmer, P. O. New Brighton, was born in Allegheny county in 1830,. and came to Beaver county in 1853. Edward, his father, by trade a plumber, came from Ireland about 1839, settled in Pittsburgh, married Ann McSwiggin, of County Tyrone, Ireland, who bore him three children, P. H. being the eldest. Edward Coyle returned to hia native land, where he died. His widow survived him and came to this country with her children in 1853. P. H. was educated in the common schools, and at the age of eighteen years began to learn the glass-blowing trade, which he follovsed until 1869. He married, in 1859, Mary Ann, dauglxter of Daniel and sister of E. B. Dougherty, of this county. They have two sons and two daughters: Elizabeth, at home; Daniel, a , druggist; Harry, a practicing physician; and Alice, at home. Mr. Coyle purchased his- present farm in 1869, and, with the exception of three years, has since devoted his time to agricultural pursuits. He is a Democrat, and lias been justice of the peace for twelve years, besides holding other township offices. He is a member of the Catholic church. B. F. Craig, ship carpenter. Freedom, was born in Beaver county. Pa., Nov. 32, 1839, a son of Joseph and Elizabeth (Manor) Craig, natives of Pennsylvania, and who died in Beaver county. Joseph, after the death of his wife Elizabeth, mar- ried Eliza Stoops, who is still living. He was the father of seventeen children, of whom ten are living, B. F. is the eldest child, and was united in marriage. May 9, 1850, with Catherine Lambert, who was born in Beaver county, a daughter of Moses Lambert (deceased). Two children have been born to them, Harriet (deceased) and Anna L., wife of William Kronk. Mrs. Craig died July 31, 1852, and Mr. Craig married Oct. 14, 1856, Jessie Stewart, who was born in Scotland in 1837, and is a daughter of James and Anna (Craig) Blyth. The former died in Scotland, and the widow and children came to America and settled first in Pittsburgh, and later in Freedom, where the mother died in 1878. Mr. Craig has followed ship and house building all his life, and settled in Freedom in 1834, where he owns four houses and lots. BIOGRAPHIES —J:AST SIDE. 76] Stephen A. Craig, physician, Freedom, was born in Freedom borough, March 4, 1848, a son of William and Angeline (Rogers) Craig. His parents, natives of Pennsyl- vania, have resided in Freedom since their marriage, and have had ten children, eight now living. Stephen A., the oldest child, was married, Jan. 19, 1872, to Fredriclca Miller, who was born in Freedom Dec. 31, 1854. Her parents, George and Elizabeth Miller, were natives of Pennsylvania, where they were married, settled and remained. Her mother died in June, 1884. Dr. and Mrs. Craig have two children: Gertrude M. and Elizabeth A. He began the study of medicine in 1866, graduated in 1877, and has continued in practice in Freedom, Pa., ever since. His brother, W. H., is associated, with him in practice. When the war broke out he enlisted in Battery D, 1st P. L. A., and served one year. He and 3Irs. Craig are members of church. He is a F. & A. M ,, and member of the I. O. O. F. NicHOL.\s Cress, justice of the peace, P. O. Brown's, is a native of Butler county, and was born in 1838. Henry Cress, his lather, married Lizzie Reifer, and by her had ten children, nine of whom are now living. Henry came from Germany to America about 1830, was by trade a shoemaker, and died at the age of sixty-three years. His widow is still living at the age of seventy four years. Nicholas the second son, received, in youth a common-school education, and at the age of seventeen learned the trade of blacksmith, which he has followed for twenty five years. He married, in 1865, Susie S., daughter of Adam Younker, and by her had two children; Lewis L. and George A. Mrs. Cress died Oct. 28, 1878, and Mr. Cress next married Maggie, daughter of Nicho- las and Caroline Rieb. Four children are the result of this marriage: Cora Bell, Edward, Daniel and Jennie May. He purchased his present farm, containing seventy- three acres, in 1876, and also conducted a blacksmithing shop until 1887, when he dis- continued the latter on account of ill health. He was elected justice of the peace in 1880 and reelected in 1885. Pie enlisted in 1862 in Company B, 12th P. C, and served his country three years and two monlhs. Among the battles in which he took an active part were Bull Run, Antietam and Cedar Creek; and was in numerous raids through Virginia, Maryland and Pennsylvania. Charles Cunning, farmer, P. O. Brush Creek, was born in Allegheny county, Pa., Oct. 3, 1843. His parents, Patrick and Elizabeth Cunning, natives of Ireland, were married in Pennsylvania, and settled in Allegheny county. They afterward moved to Beaver county, where they died . Charles was reared on a farm, and when starting out in life for himself engaged in merchandising in New Brighton, after which he engaged in farming, and now owns 140 acres of fine land. He was married in Septem- ber, 1867, to Sarah, daughter of John and Jane Schrista, the latter deceased. Mrs. Cun- ning was born in Washington county. Pa., in 1846, and is the mother of seven children: John, Samuel, Jane, Elizabeth, Mary, Anna and George. Mr. Cunning and his wife are members of the Catholic church. In politics he is a Democrat. A. J. Daniels, farmer, was born in New Sewiekley township, April 31, 1853, a son of William and Jane Daniels. William was a native of Wales, and died in Beaver county; his wife was born in Pennsylvania, and is still living. A. J. Daniels was reared a farmer, and has followed that business through life on the old homestead. Aug. 9, 1883, our subject was married to Mary, daughter of Benjamin and Emeline Piersol. The former died in this county Aug. 30, 1885; his widow is still living on the old home- stead. Mrs. Daniels was born Feb. 2 J, 1862. Mr. Daniels is a Republican; a member of the Baptist church. Major John 8. Darragii, retired merchant, P. O. Rochester, is a descendant of one of' the early settlers of this county, where he was born, July 16, 1804, a son of Robert and Deborah (Hart) Darragh. Mrs. Deborah Darragh was a native of New Jer- sey, a daughter of Jesse Hart and a granddaughter of John Hart, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. Robert Darragh was born in Ireland, came to America in 1798, and to Beaver county in 1808. He taught school at Sharon (now called BridgewatSr), and subsequently kept a hotel and general store. Sharon was then the best business point in Beaver county. He was successful in business and succeeded 762 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. in accumulating a handsome fortune. The Major is the eldest of a family of eight children, was reared in Beaver county, where he obtained his schooling, and early in life worked in his father's store and also carried on business for himself for abouttwenty years, as a merchant. From 1836 to 1837 he was collector for tlie canal company. He then embarked in business in company with his brothers and conducted a general store at Sharon; also erected a foundry and machine shop. In 1844 he sold out his entire in- terest to his brothers, and built a steamboat called the " Gondolier." The boat was run with a good profit to the owner until 1848, when she sunk. He was then appointed mail agent on the Fort Wayne & Chicago Railroad, having been the first mail agent appointed on that railroad, and was afterward assistant treasurer for all express transfer at Pittsburgh. He next went on a steamboat as clerk, for eighteen months. In 1860 he was elected county treasurer and served one term. He served two years in the pension department at Washington. He has been for many years president of the Big Beaver Bridge Company; is a prominent member of the I. O. 0. F. and a Republican. He served seven years as major of militia. He was mar- ried, in 1837, to Mary, daughter of James Lyon. Her mother's maiden name was Electa Smith; she was of English descent. Her grandfather was killed by the Indians in Allegheny county, Pa. Her father and his brother were taken, when children, by the Indians, and carried to Ohio, where they were afterward exchanged. Major Dar- ragh and wife have had eight children: James and Robert, mechanical engineers, Ihe latter a first lieutenant in the late war; Thomas, a clerk; Jesse, who was one of the body guard of General Anderson: George; (the two last named died within a few days of each other, in 1887, of typhoid pneumonia;) Anna, wife of Captain Charles B. Hurst, of Ro- chester; Louisa and Martha. Mr. Darragh has been a member of the Methodist Episco- pal church for more than half a century. Samuel Dbam, farmer, P. O. Freedom, was born in Ireland Jan. 9, 1833. His parents, Samuel and Mary Dean, came to America in 1833 and settled in Beaver county, where they died Samuel was married, June 34, 1847, to Ann Hunter, also a native of Ireland, who died in 1866, the mother of five children, of whom four arc living. Mr. Djan next married, Dec. 10, 1868, Catharine J. Miller, who was born in Allegheny county, Pa., March, 16, 1839. Her parents, Philip and Jane Miller, were natives of Penusylvania and died in Butler county. To Mr. and Mrs. Dean two children have been born, Samuel C. aad Jennie A. Mr. Dean has been a farmer most of his life, and owns about 150 acres of land. He and his wife are members of the United Presby- terian church. Fritz Degnbb, draftsman, P. O. New Brighton, was born in North Germany in 1854, and came to America in 1883. His parents, Carl and Bertha (Eichler) Degner, had a family of eleven children. Fritz, the tenth child, was educated in the gymnasium schools of Germany, and at twenty years of age served one year as a soldier. For four and a half years he was a student of civil engineering, taking a thorough course in that branch of study and graduating at Berlin in 1881. He married, in 1883, Anna, daugh- ter of Fritz Frundt, also of Germany, and to them has been born one son, Carl. Mr. Degner came to New Brighton in 1884, and since that date has been head draftsman for the Penn Bridge Company of Beaver Palls. F. A. Deitrick, locomotive engineer. New Brighton, was born in 1842 in Marion township, this county, the youngest of the five children of Frederick and Dorothy (Flugh) Deitrick. Frederick came from Alsace, Fraijce (now Germany), to this country in 1828, located 6n a farm in Butler county. Pa., in 1839, but afterward moved to this county. F. A. remained on the home farm until his fifteenth year, then learned black- smithing, which he followed for some time; and later carried on a boot and shoe busi- ness in Pittsburgh for three years. In 1863 he enlisted in Company A, 123d Regiment, P. v., and during a nine month's service participated in the battles of Antietam, Fred- ericksburg and Chancellorsville. Returning from the army in 1863 he commenced rail- roading in Allegheny City and has been an engineer for twenty-two years. He married in 1867, Louisa, daughter of John McKnight, and seven children have blessed their BIOGRAPHIES EAST SIDE. 763' union: Florence, Robert, Mary, Frederick, Editli, Lula andEtliel. Mr. Deitrick is a member of the G. A. R. and of tlie United Brotlierhood of Locomotive Engineers. In politics lie is a Democrat. Joseph Dbwiiikst, brick manufacturer, New Brighton, was born in England in 1843; came to America in 1865 and soon afterward located in New Brighton. His par- ents were Richard and Mary Pewhirst, to whom were born seven children, Joseph being the eldest son. He received a good education and left school at the age of seventeen. He was marritd, in 1866, to Hannah, daughter of Thomas Dewhirst, who was also from England. Five children have been born to this marriage: Mary Ann, Amy, Joe De- main, Faith and Fred. ^Mr. Dewhirst began to learn the carpenter's tiade at the age of seventeen, and served an apprenticeship of three years. He followed his trade six years,, but in 1866 began the manufacture of red brick, which he still continues, and turns out one million of brick per year, giving employment to from nine to fifteen men. John H. DippoLD, Jk.^ steamboat captain, P. O. Baden, was born in Allegheny county. Pa., in 1847. His grandfather, Clements Dippold, was a soldier under Bona- parte for six years, and was in the cavalry at the great battle of Waterloo. His wife was Margaret Cemmets, by whom he had nine children. He died in 1817, and his widow in 1829. Captain John Dippold, Sr., their youngest child, was born in Bavaria in 1816. He left school at the age of fifteen years and learned the trade of a stonecutter and mason. In 1841 he came to this country, landing in Baltimore in November of that year. In 1843 he came to Pittsburgh, and soon afterward to Baden, this county, where he has since resided. From 1843 to 1859 he wasextensively engaijed in contract- ing, and built the largest bridges for the Pittsburg & Ft. Wayne, and the Cleveland & Pittsburg railroads, and over thirty bridges for the Pan Handle road . In 1859 he gave up bridge contracting and engaged in steamboating and the coal business; has owned sev- eral boats, but retired from business in 1878. He married, in 1840, Anna, daughter of John and Catharine Hoffman, and to them were born eight children, seven of whom are living : Frederick, Barbara, John H., Martin, Catherine, Jacob and George. Mr. and Mrs. Dippold are now living retired on a small farm. They are members of the Lutheran church, and politically he is a Democrat. John H. received a common-school education, and at the age of twelve years went on a steamboat with his father, and has followed the river ever since, having filled the position of pilot and captain on a steam- boat. He was married, in 1866, to Isabella J., daughter of Price Bryan, of this county. They have one daughter, Annie B. The captain resides in Baden, where he has a com- fortable home. He is a F. & A . M . , a member of the I . O . O. F. and K. of P . He is a member of the Lutheran church . Politically he is a Democrat. Rev. S. T. Dodd, M. D., P. O. Rochester, was born in Marshall county, Va., Sept. 26, 1836, a son of Dr. George and Mary (Henon)Dodd, the former a native of Virginia and the latter of Pennsylvania. They were of English and Scotch-Irish descent. His grandfather. Rev. F. S. Dodd, was educated for a Catholic priest in Dublin. Dr. George Dodd was a physician and practiced in Washington county. Pa., and in Vir- ginia for miny years; was also a farmer and woolgrower. Our subject attended common school in Virginia and the normal school and academy in Washington county, Pa., and studied medicine with his father. In 18()6 he graduated at Mount Auburn col- lege, Cincinnati, Ohio, having previously taught school and practiced medicine. He then went to the Cleveland, Ohio, Medical College, where he graduated in 1867, and practiced for fifteen years. In 1863 he enlisted in the 32d Pa. Cavalry, was appointed hospital steward, and was discharged at the close of the war. During the last year and a half of service he was acting assistant-surgeon of the regiment. At the close of the war he continued his practice at West Middletown, Pa., until 1871. He then removed to Wellsburg, W. Va., and commenced preaching, and was ordained in 1678 as minister In the Disciple church of which he has been a member since he was fifteen years old, and was employed in missionary work in Kansas for five years. He is the author of several works, among whiclv are "The History of the Christian Church," "Sunday-School Manual," "The Pastor" and numerous tracts. He was married, in 1866, to Virginia C. , '76i HISTOKY OF BEA.VKE COUNTV, . daughter of William Marlatt. Mrs. Dodd was of French descent, and was the mother of four children; William M., Charles S., James C. and George L. She died in Wells- burg in 1874. Mr. Dodd afterward married Hettie A . , a daughter of Squire John Engle, . of Industry, this county. She lived but three years after their marriage. He married his present wife at Deersville, Harrison county, Ohio. By her he had one child now living, Francis Merit. Mr. Todd is a Master Mason, a member of the I. O. O. F. and K. of P., of the Good Templars and of the G. A. R. He came to Rochester in 18fc6 and bought what is called the Dee' Lane property, formerly owned by John Javens. . He or- ganized a society at Beaver Falls in 1886 known as the First Christian church. He now preaches at several points on Lord's days, and spends his week days at home in recuper- ation, on account of broken health from overtax in former years. R[Cii.\KD DoNCASTER (deceased) was born in England, Feb. 3, 1801. His father, Daniel Doncaster, died when Richard was only three years old, and the latter was reared by an Episcopal minister, receiving a good education. In 1836 he came from England to Pennsylvania and engaged at the miller's trade, which he had learned in England. He owned and operated a mill in Westmoreland county for more thah twenty _years, but in later life made hotel-keeping his business. He kept hotel for twelve years in Butler county. Pa., but in 1865 lie came to Rochester and carried on the same business until his death, in 1882. In politics he was a Democrat. He married, in 1836, Ann, daughter of Richard North. Mrs. Doncaster was of English descent, and the mother of eleven children, of whom four daughters and one son are living. The daughters have managed the hotel since the death of their father. The mother died in 1871. The liv- ing members of the family are Daniel, a millwright in Jefferson county, Pa.; Sarah, Anna, Elizabeth and Jemima, at their old home, the Doncaster hotel. Jambs Douglas is superintendent of the American Fire Brick Clay and Blast Fur- nace Linings Works of S. Barnes & Co., Limited. This business was established in 1840 by S. Barnes, and to him may be attributed a large amount of the success of the com- pany. When he first started here he did all-the work himself; was a natural mechanic . and could turn his hand to almost anything. He died in 1885, and since then the busi- ness has been superintended by James Douglas, who has been in the employ of Mr. Barnes and this company for over a quarter of a century. Mr. Douglas was born in Antrim, Ireland, Aug. 7, 1839, a son of Robert and Mary (Black) Douglas, who came to America in 1855, and settled in Beaver county. He is the third in a family of four chil- dren, two sons and two daughters; was reared on a farm in Ireland and attended the common school there. Since 1861 he has been at work at lire brick manufacluring. He was married, in 1869, to [jouise Wigley, who was born in Beaver county, of English descent. Of their twelve children eight are now living: Anna, Maggie, Emma, Laura, Nettie, Arthur, Gertrude and Fred. Mr. and Mrs. Douglas are members of the Presby- terian church, of which he is a trustee. He is a Democrat, and has served as school • director for seventeen years. A. J. Douglass, carpenter. New Brighton, was born in this county in 1851. Will- -iam Douglass, his father, was by trade a millwright, and married Sarah Moser, by whom he had three children, A.J. being the eldest son. He received a common-school edu- -cation and at the age of sixteen began to learn the millwright's trade, which he followed from 1867 to 1876. Afterward he took up the trade of a carpenter, and since 1879 has followed that occupation. He was married, in 1876, to Ella, daughter of I. J. Shearer, of Westmoreland county. Pa. By her he has one child, Jesse. Mr. Douglass was elected a member of the town council in 1887 by the Republican party. He is a member of the I. O. O. F. encampment. . In religion he is a Presbyterian. Robert J. Douthitt. farmer, P. O. North Sewickley, was born in this county in 1840, a son of Robert and Pho-be (Newkirk) Douthitt, the former born in Beaver county in 1803, and the latter in Washington county. Pa., in 1809. Our subject's grandfather -Joseph Douthitt, a farmer, was born in Carlisle, Pa., in 1764; was a teamster in the Revolutionary War, and in 1796 settled in Chippewa township, this county. The mater- .nal grandfather of Robert J. was of Irish des-cent. Robert Douthitt had five children- BIOGEAPHIES EAST SIDE. Y65 Anthony W . , Mary E. (deceased), Sliipmaa N . , Robert J. , and Ada. The father was a blacksmith twenty years; then carried on a hotel in Chippewa township twenty years, on the State road, between Rochester and Ohio. He then retired and lived for twelve years in Beaver Falls, after which he moved to Mercer county, where he still lives. Robert J. enlisted In 1861 , in Company D . , 100th Regiment, P. V. , serving four years less one month. This regiment belonged properly to the Army of the Potomac, but in 1863 it was detached and sent to the siege of VicUsburgh, remaining until the surrender, when it was transferred to Uie Army of the Cumberland, and finally returned to the Army of the Potomac, with which it remained until the close of the war. Mr. Douthitt partici, pated in many hard-fought battles through Tennessee, Virginia and Maryland. He received a gun-shot wound in the head at Campbell's Station, near Knoxville, Tenn., was held a prisoner for three months at Columbia, S. C. , and was discharged with rank of second lieutenant at Harrisburg, July 24, 1865. On his return home he farmed in Chippewa township until 1871, when he bought his present place, of 130 acres, in this township. He married Matilda Crowl, by whom he has two children: Alice May and Theodore A. Mrs. Douthitt died in 1873, and in 1879 Mr. Douthitt married her sister, Sarah. He is township auditor, and has served on the board several terms; is a member of Post 164, 6. A. R., Beaver Falls; in politics he is a Democrat. He and his children are mem- bers of the Methodist Church, Mrs. Douthitt of the Presbyterian. Rbv. M. F. Dumstket, pastor of St. John's church, Zelienople, was born in Ger- many, June 5, 1854, a son of Charles and Henrietta (Winkelman) Dumstrey, who still reside in Germany, the former being a merchant there. M. F. received a theological education In Germany, came to America in 1871, and for about five years traveled in different parts of the United States, stopping for a short time in New York, Philadel- phia, Chicago and other cities. In 1876 he went to Lancaster, Pa., where he took a special course to perfect himself in the English language, and remained there three years. In 1879 he went to Pittsburgh, where he took charge of a church until 1887, when he came and assumed charge of St. John's Evangelical Protestant church. In 1879 he married Annie Thoma, who was born Dec. 4, 1858, in Pittsburgh, a daughter of John and Sophia (Shanhoef er) Thoma, who were also natives of Pittsburgh. ' Two children have blessed the union of Mr. and Mrs. Dumstrey: Edwin and Rebate. Mr. Dumstrey is an active young church worker and is destined to do well in his new field, as St. John's church is one of the oldest church organizations of Beaver county. John W. Duklap, farmer, P. O. Brown, was born in Allegheny county, in 1837. His father, William, married Mary Adams, who bore him four sons and two daughters, and after her death he married Margaret, daughter of Dr. John Waldron, of Butler county. Seven sons were born to this union, of whom John W. is the eldest. The mother of these children died in 1852, and William next married Catherine Lockard, who died without issue. His fourth wife was Lucinda Hesson who had no children. William came from Germany in 1835, and settled' in Allegheny county, where he re- mained until 1889. He then came to Beaver county and purchased 200 acres of land where he remained until his death at the age of seventy-eight years. John W. was educated at the common schools, and has always been a farmer. He was married in 1860 to Mary Ann, daughter of William and Ann (Hammer) Kapper. Nine children were born to this union, seven of whom are living: James F. , John E . , Orlando, Will- iam Joseph P., Sylvester H., Ida Mary and Emma Bell. Mr. Dunlap purchased, in 1877, his present farm of 100 acres, a part of the tract purchased by his father. Mr. Dunlap is a school director and supervisor. He is a member of the Lutheran church; in politics a Democrat. John W. Ebaugh, baggage-master, P., Ft. W. & 0. Ry., New Brighjon, was born in Maryland in 1854, and is the fifth son of Joseph and Caroline Ebaugh. Until he was sixteen years of age he attended the public schools. Since the age of nineteen he has been engaged in railroading, for the past fifteen years on the Pittsburg, Fort Wayne & Chicago Railway. He came to New Brighton in 1874, and was married, in 1883, to Oroe, daughter of Henry Fetter, an old and respected citizen of Beaver county, 43 766 HISTOEY OF BEATEE COaNTY. apd by her has one child, Millard. Mr. Ebaugh is a F. & A. M., and a member of the K. of P. In politics he is a Republican. Daniel Eisenbraun, farmer, P. O. Knob, was born in Germany, July 7, 1818, and is a son of Michael and Fredericka Eisenbraun, who died in Germany. Daniel was married, Aug. 12, 1842, to Barbara Binn, who was born in Germany, April 1, 1817, a daughter of Jacob F. Binn (deceased), and the mother of ten children, nine of whom are living: Margaret, Mary, Jacob, Laura, George, Catherine, John, Henry and Willie. One daughter, Caroline, is' deceased. Our subject is a weaver, and follows that trade in connection with farming. He owns seventy-six acres of land. He and his wife are members of the Lutheran church. B. F. Ellis, merchant, Rochester, was born in Bordentown, N. J., Feb. 25, 1847, and is a son of A. P. and Elizabeth (Strock) Ellis. His mother was born in Philadel- phia, his father in New Jersey, and they are of German and English descent. His father, who is a cabinetmaker, came to Rochester in 1856, and has worked at his trade here most of the time since. He had a family of nine children, seven of whom grew to maturity. B. F., the eldest, was educated in the public schools at Philadelphia and Rochester, and when fourteen years old he became clerk in a store in Rochester for the late Hon. Samuel J. Cross, with whom he stayed fourteen and one-half years. In 1876 he established a small grocery store, and has succeeded in building up a good trade. Since 1881 he has carried an extensive stock of general merchandise, and has done a fine business. He was married in Fairfax county, Va., in 1871, to Ada V., daughter of Thomas Javens. Her mother's maiden name was Emily Scarce, and her parents were of Welsh origin. This union has been blessed with five children: Olive M. (who is a valuable assistant to her father in the store), Ada V., Florence F., Grace B. and Eva B. Mrs. Ellis is a member of the Episcopal church; Mr. Ellis and Olive ]\1. of the Baptist church. In politics he is a Republican. He has served as school director and assessor, and member of the town council at Rochester. He is an active member of the R. A. and the J. O. A. M. ; is a past officer in the K. of P. , and a Master Mason. Hbnry Emhick, Rochester, was born in Butler county. Pa., Aug. 10, 1832, a son of Jacob and Catharine Emrick, who were natives of Pennsylvania, and died in Beaver county. He was married, Dec. 13, 1860, to Amelia Romigh, who was born in Beaver county, March 14, 1833, a daughter of John and Juliet Romigh. By this marriage were born five children, four of whom are living: Belle Z., Johnson, James A. and Nannie. The one deceased was Eldora. Mrs. Emrick died Jan. 5, 1876. April 15, 1885, Mr. Emrick was again married, to Ellen Ashworth, who was born in Brownstown, Allegheny county. Pa., Aug. 28, 1853, adaughter of Samuel and Lizzie Ashworth, the latter deceased. Mr. Emrick has been a farmer all his life, and owns forty-eight acres of improved land, which he rented Feb. 29, 1888. and now resides in Rochester. When the war broke out he enlisted in Company 6, 168th Regiment. In politics he is a Republican. The family are members of the Presbyterian church. Zach. Emrick, farmer, P. O. Lovi, was born in this county March 15, 1852, a son of Jacob and Catherine Emrick, who settled in Beaver county and remained here until their death. Zach. Emrick was married, Feb. 4, 1875, to Elizabeth Huffman, who was born in Butler county. Pa., Sept. 28, 1850. Her mother, Margaret Huffman, was a native of Germany. She settled in Beaver county, afterward moved to Butler county, and is still living. Mr. and Mrs. Emrick have seven children; William O., David E., Samuel C, Tillie R., Joseph W., Maud G. and Jacob C. Mr. Emrick owns fifty acres of improved land. In politics he is a Republican. Daniel Endrbs, dealer in cattle, etc., was born in this county in 1847, the eldest of the eleven children (five yet living) of Adam and Elizabeth Endres, the former a farmer. Daniel was reared on the farm, and remained at home until twenty-three years of age, and since his fifteenth year has dealt in live stock. He came to New Brighton in 1872, and has since carried on butchering here. He married, in 1870, Sarah, daughter of Christian Daumbach. He is a F. & A. M.; a member of the Presbyterian church. In politics he is a Republican. BIOGRAPHIES KAST SIDE. 767 Capt. Samuel Erwin, pilot, P. O. Baden, was born in Moon township, in 1844. His grandfather, William Erwin, was by occupation a school-teacher, and caine from Crawford county. Pa., to Beaver county at an early day. He had seven sons and four daughters. John was the youngest son, and in early life followed the river as a keel- boat man, and was also a captain and pilot. He purchased a farm in Hopewell town- ship, where he spent the latter part of his life. He married Margaret, daughter of John Baker, and by her had seven sons and one daughter. John died, aged sixty-nine years, and his wife in 1878. Samuel is the fifth son born to his parents. His early life was spent on the farm and in the common schools. At the age of sixteen he engaged in steamboating, and has been for twenty yearscaptaln and pilot. Hewas married in 1872, to Havanna, daughter of Mathew Wilson, of Hopewell township. Five children are the result of this union: Frederick E., Edith, Mathew W., Clarence E., and Myrtle G. Mr. Erwin has been for a number of years in the employ of William H. Brown's Sons, of Pittsburgh. He is a F. & A. M., a member of the I. O. O. F., and the Methodist church. Politically he is a Democrat. Thomas G. Evaks, steamboat pilot, P. O. Eoohester, was born in Bridgewater, Pa., March 24, 1836. His parents, George and Letitia (Scott) Evans, were natives of Penn- sylvania, of Welsh and Irish descent, and members of the Society of Friends. George Evans was a captain and a pilot on the Ohio river, was the owner of fleet boats, and was the first to pilot a stern wheel boat down the Ohio . He had two sons and three daughters. Thomas G., the youngest son, was reared in this county. His education was obtained at the common schools, and early in life he went on the river with his father. He served three years and was then appointed pilot. In 1861 he enlisted in the 10th Pennsylvania Reserves. Col. M. S . Quay, now United States senator, was the first lieutenant. Mr. Evans was wounded at the battle of Gaines' Mill, July 2, 1862, and still carries the ball in his arm. He was a non-commisssoned officer and was dis- charged in 1863. He participated in several battles, including what is known in history as the Seven Days' Fight. He is a member of Eochester Post, No. 183, G. A. R. Since the war he has been engaged at piloting, and also owns a one-half interest in the extensive livery stable of Evans & Reno. They keep eleven head of horses and a good supply of carriages. Mr. Evans is a member of the I. O. O. P. of Rochester. Rawdon Evans, New Brighton, was born in New Brighton Oct. 14, 1845. His father, Ross B. Evans, a native of Utica, N. Y., was by occupation a harness manu- facturer and shoemaker. He married Mary, daughter of Hiram Gillmore, of Queen Anne's county, Md., to whom were born three sons and two daughters, Rawdon being the joungest son. This family originally came from Wales and located in Con- necticut, coming to Beaver county in 1831. Rawdon was a student at the Normal School until he was fourteen years of age, and was employed for two years as messenger boy by the Ohio & Pennsylvania Railway Company. After that he learned the machinist's trade, serving a full apprenticeship, and was employed as locomotive fireman and engineer for several railroads. In 1868 he was chief engineer for the Beaver Falls Cutlery Works, a position he continued to hold for two years. From 1870 to 1876 he was general supply and Division passenger agent for the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Company, with headquarters at Pittsburgh. Leav- ing the service of that road in 1876, Mr. Evans continued in the railroad business for different roads until 1880, when he entered the service of the Pittsburg & Lake Erie Railway Company, and from that time up to the present has held various prominent positions, being now engaged as assistant to the general superintendent and purchasing agent. Mr. Evans was married, in 1868, to Lois, daughter of John Tintsman, of West- moreland county. Pa. He is a member of the Episcopal church of New Brighton; a F. & A. M. ; in politics a Republican. James Fezbll, farmer, P. O. Brush Creek, was born in Beaver county, Feb. 13, 1812. His parents, John and Jane (Stewart) Fezell, were natives of Washington county. Pa., and after marriage settled in Beaver county, where they died. They had nine children, six of whom are living, James being the eldest. He was married, in January, 768 HISTOEY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. 1843, to Sarali Goehring, who was born in Butler county, Pa., Sept. 4, 1817, a daughter of Adam and Mary Goeliring, who died in Butler county. After his first marriage Mr. Fezell settled on the farm where he now resides. He has had ten children, of whom seven are living: William H., John C, James T., Mary J., Matilda, Sarah H and Charles F. Those deceased are George W., Emma A. and Elmer. Mr. Fezell has been a farmer alLhis life, and owns about 250 acres of land. He and his wife are mem- bers of the Baptist church. John Ferguson (deceased) was born April 1, 1814, on the farm where he died. .He was a son of John and Elizabeth (Brandeth) Ferguson, the former born near Cole- raine, Ireland, and the latter in New Jersey. They had four sons and one daughter. The father, who was a farmer, cameto North Sewickley township in 1809, and bought the farm on which his son John always lived, now comprising 150 acres. John was married, in 1848, to Janiza Elliott, born in Allegheny county. Pa., and who, at the age of twelve years, came with her parents to Beaver county. To Mr. and Mrs. Ferguson were born five children: Agnes, wife of Henry Sloan, in New Brighton; Sarah Jane, in Beaver Falls; Mary E., wife of Abram Berry; John F. and Thomas B. Mr. Fergu- son served as school director three years and supervisor one year. He was a member of the Methodist church, to which his widow also belongs; politically a Republican. Thomas Fbegtjson, farmer, P. O. New Brighton, was born in Pulaski township in 1833. His father, James, came from County Antrim, Ireland, about 1797, locating in Beaver county, where he purchased 500 acres of land and died at the age of eighty- sij^years. His wife was Catherine Beer, who bore him nine children. Thomas, the second son, received a common-school education. His fatlierleft him 150 acres of land, which was part of the original 500 acres. Thomas has purchased 100 acres more, and now owns 350 acres of as good land as there is in Pulaski township. He married, in 1848, Eliza Ann, daughter of Robert Jackson, of this county, and ten children have been born to them: Emmet, Mary Jane (Mrs. Longenecker), James M., Thomas B., Ann (Mrs. Thomas), Norman, Courtney, Charley, Kate and Bertha Grant. Three of these sons are now engaged in farming in Washington Territory. Mr. Ferguson has retired from active work, but still superintends the farming. He has spent some part of his life traveling through the states of Ohio, Indiana, Missouri, Illinois, Colorado and Iowa. He is a member of the Methodist church; In politics a Republican. William Fish, stone-mason and contractor, P. O. New Brighton, was born in England in 1836, and came with his parents, James and Ann Fish, to New Jersey in 1839. He was educated in the common schools and academy, and at the age of seven- teen was employed as a clerk in a country store, an occupation which he followed two years. After that he engaged with his father in stone-mason and contracting work . He married, in 1875, Mina, daughter of Lewis Friday, of Lawrence county. Pa. They have four children: Jennie, at home, Edward, Henry and William. Mr. Fish and his brother own extensive and valuable stone quarries, and are now engaged in contracting. He is also engaged in farming. He passed three months in the Civil War in Company C, 6th Regiment. He is a Republican. Levi Fish, stone contractor. New Brighton, is a native of England, born in 1837, fourth son in the family of eight children of James and Ann (Brindle) Fish, who came to these shores with their family in 1839. James Fish was a stone contractor, and located in New Jersey, where he remained until 1848, then moved to this county. Levi received a good public-school training, and since the age of eighteen he has been engaged, more or less extensively, in his present business, owning large quarries of valuable building stone, also in manufacturing brick and farming, giving employment to from twenty-five to fifty hands. He was united in mar;.-iage, in 1860, with E. E., daughter of John Hays, of this county, and by her had five children, four yet living: James C, Nellie I., John M. and Thomas M. Mr. Fish served one term (from 1878) as county commis- sioner, and has been school director. He is a F. & A. M., and a member of the A. O. U. W. ; holds membership in the Methodist Protestant church, of the Sunday school of which he is superintendent. In politics he is a Republican. BIOGEA.PHIES EAST SIDE. 769 RoBKKT FiSHEE, farmer, P. O. Brush Creek, was born in Beaver county, Sept. 16, 1844. His parents, Thomas and Eliza (Bradley) Fisher, were natives of Pennsj Ivania, and settled in Beaver county. Thomas died in 1876 ; his veidow is still living, and malies her home with her children. Robert was married, Sept. 24, 1868, to Eliza, daughter of James and Isabella Gray, both deceased. She was born in Allegheny county in 1846, and is the mother of two children: Dollie E. (born July 30, 1869) and Lillie B. (born July 30, 1876). Mr. Fisher was reared on the farm*where he and his family .reside, and has been engaged in farming all his life. In politics he is a Demo- crat; he holds the oiKce of school director. Adam Flinnkr, farmer, P. O. New Brighton, was born in Jackson township, Butler county. Pa., in 1851. His parents, John and Eve (Miller) Flinner, natives of Germany, now reside in Butler county. Mr. Flinner was born and reared on the farm, and received a good common-school education. He was married, in 1873, to Mary, daughter of Casper Schaffer, of Beaver county. They have seven children: Henry J., Frank E., Clara Emma, John, Harry George, Ira Arthur and Ada Pearl. Mr. Flinner purchased his present farm of fifty-seven acres in 1874. He has since that time made great improvements in the way of buildings. He is a member of St. John's church of New Sewickley township; in politics he is a Democrat. Capt. Samuel Fowlbk, pilot, Baden, was born in Pittsburgh, Pa.. {South Side), in 1849. Capt. Thomas W., his father, was born in Mahoning county. Pa., in 1813, and died in 1883. He married Sarah Ann Vanhook, and by her had three sons and four daughters, of whom Samuel is the second son. Thomas was a ship carpenter, which trade he followed for a number of years, after which he was a captain on the OhiaT-iver for thirty-five years, and lived nearly all his life in Birmingham, now known as South Side, Pittsburgh, Pa. Samuel left Allegheny county with his people when he was ten years of age, and has lived nearly ever since that age in Beaver county. He was edu- cated at the common schools, and was a student at Duffs college for eight months. He has followed steamboat piloting for eighteen years. He was married, in 1871, to Mattie J., daughter of Capt. John McDonald, of Hopewell township. Three children have been born to this union: Pearl E., Edwin Vanhook and Thomas- Quay. Mr. Fowler now lives iu the town of Baden, Pa., and is captain and pilot of steamboats plying between Pittsburgh and Louisville, Ky. He and his wife are members of the Methodist church. Politically he is a Republican'^ John Fbeshcorn, farmer, P. O. Knob, was born in Germany Dec. 37, 1831. His parents, Daniel and Catherine Freshcorn, immigrated to America about 1837, and settled in New Sewickley township, where they died. John was married March 31, 1855, to Caroline Mink, who was born in Pittsburgh July 18, 1837. Her parents, John and Catherine Mink, natives of Germany, were married in their native country, came to America about 1834, and settled in Pittsburgh, where they remained about ten years; then moved to New Sewickley township, where they died. Mr. and Mrs. Freshcorn are the parents of twelve children: Mary, Caroline, William, Lewis J., Henry N., Katie A., Lizzie A., Jacob J., TillieE., George A., Harvey W. and B.Frank. Mr. Freshcorn has been engaged in farming all his life, and owns about 130 acres. He and his wife are members of the German Reformed church. He has filled the offices of supervisor and school director. Michael Freshcokn, farmer, P. O. Knob, was born in Beaver county May 10,. 1837. His parents, Daniel and Catherine Freshcorn, came from Germany and settled in Beaver county, where they remained until their deaths. Michael was married, Aug. 9, 1858, to Amelia, daughter of William and Elizabeth Graham, who died in Butler county. Mrs. Freshcorn was born Nov. 17, 1841, and is the mother of thirteen children, ten of whom are living: John, Sarah J., William F., Hulda J., Henry N., Charlie F., Joseph M., Mary E., James L. and Lillie M. Mr. Freshcorn has been a farmer all his life and owns 110 acres of improved land. He and his wife are members of the German Reformed church. In politics he is a Democrat. William Preshcokn, farmer, P. O. Knob, was born in Germany Sept. 30, 1835, T70 HISTORY OF BEAVER COUNTY. son of Daniel and Eva C. Freshcorn, who came to America in 1837 and settled in Beaver county, where they died. William was married, Dec. 36, 1860, to Sarah, daughter of John and Fannie Deenier, who died in Butler county. Mrs. Freshcorn was born in Beaver county July 1, 1833, and is the mother of six children, five of whom are living: Edwin E., Andrew C, Anna J., Addie L. and Harry L. A daughter, Lizzie A., is deceased. They have also an adopted child, Nellie M. Mr. Freshcorn owns about 156 acres of land. He and his wife are members of the Lutheran church. J. G. Fkiedbrick, saddler. New Brighton, was born in Butler county, Pa., in 1853, to Fredrick and Elizabeth Barber (Diehl) Friederick. He is the third son of ten children, was reared on the farm and received a common-school education. He was married, in 1878, to Mary, daughter of William Thomson, of this county, and three chil- dren have been born to them: Lewis Wilber, Edith Amelia and Blanche Elizabeth. Mr. Friederick came to New Brighton in 1889, and was engaged in various employments, until 1877, when he took up his present occupation. He has now one of the finest stores in the town. In politics he is a Republican. Hbnky C. Fry. Two brothers, John and William Fry, emigrated from Dublin, Ireland, after the close of the Revolutionary War, and landed in New York, of whom William was the paternal grandfather of the subject of this biography. They were educated yoUng men and descended from a well-to-do and highly respectable family of tradesmen. Both were married, and while tarrying in New York a son was born to William and christened Thomas C, who became the father of Henry C. Fry. The other children of William Fry were William and Eliza. The brothers above mentioned settled in Wilkesbarre, Pa., and became prosperous in business. The children of Wil- liam were left orphans at an early age, the eldest two removed to Cadiz, Ohio, where they died at an advanced age, highly esteemed by all who knew (hem. Thomas C, the younger settled in Washington counly, Pa., married there, became deputy sheriff of the county, and later removed to Pittsburgh, were he was actively engaged in the glass business, in the still remembered firm of Curling Robinson &Co. John Fry, theelder, lost his wife about the year 1800, and was afterward married to Elizabeth Miller, a Scotch lady, in 1803. Their only child, Charlotte, born in 1806, became a woman of much personal beauty and charm of character, and was the mother of the subject of this sketch. John Fry soon after that event moved to Lexington, Ky., and, possessing ample means, purchased an extensive tract and erected an attractive home near that city. His estate included a part of the present city of Lexington and the cemfetery, where repose the remains of the distinguished statesman, .Henry Clay, of whom Mr. Fry was a warm friend and political supporter. Both Mr. and IMrs. Fry lived honored and beloved in their Kentucky home until their deaths, and are buried side by side in the Lexington Cemetery in sight of the beautiful home, which still remainsin possession of the family. Mr. Fry, whose death occurred in 1835, was interred with Masonic honors. In 1837, Thomas C. Fry married his cousin, Charlotte, then a widow with one child. Their eldest son, Henry C. Fry, was born Sept. 17, 1840, near Lexington, Ky., and received in his native town a common-school education. In April, 1857, being desirousfor a more extended field of activity than was opened to him at home, he repaired to Pittsburgh, being well fortified with introductory letters from his father to former Pittsburgh friends. Here he entered the glass manufacturing works of William Phillips & Co., as assistant shipping and time clerk, and remained until 1863, having filled the various positions in the works, preliminary to those of manager and head salesman. In August, 1863, leaving his business, he enhsted as a private in the 15lh Regiment, Penn- sylvania Cavalry, and served until mustered out in 1864, having participated in all the engagements of the army of the Cumberland. Returning to Pittsburgh he embarked in the manufacture of glass under the firm name of Lippencott, Fry <.t Co., who were succeeded by Fry & Scott, and they by Fry, Semple & Reynolds. Retiring from the last named firm in 1869, he accepted a lucrative position as general manager of the busi- ness of James B. Lyon & Co., of Pittsburgh, and conducted this establishment with great success. In 1873 Mr. Pry removed to Rochester, and organized the Rochester «IOGRAPHIES EAST SIDE. 7Y1 Tumbler Co. , meantime superintending personally the entire construction of the works, of which he has since been the president, undoubtedly the largest of their kind in the world. Tumblers are tnade a specialty; five hundred men are employed, and a product valued at $500,000 is disposed of annually, a market for which is found in all parts of the world. Mr. Fry was, in the spring-of 1883, the principal factor in the organization of the First National Bank of Rochester, and has been since that time its president. He was also one of the projectors, and is a prominent director of the Bridgewater Gas Company. Mr. Fry was married, in 1862, to Miss Emma Matthews, of Pittsburgh, and their children are Harry C, Gertrude E., Clara B., Jesse Howard and Mabel M. The death of Mrs. Fry, a lady possessing many attractive qualities of mind and heart which rendered her greatly beloved, occurred in 1884. Mr. Fry is an active member of of the First Baptist church of Rochester, and has been since its organization superin- tendent of the Sunday-school. C. T. Gale, physician. New Brighton, is a native of Washington county, Ohio, born in 1850, eighth in the family of twelve children of Dr. G. W. and Catherine A. (Wells) Gale, of Newport, Ohio. He was educated at the public schools and St. Thomas Seminary, after which he commenced the study of medicine under his father in 1870; entered Jefferson ^ledical College, Philadelphia, in 1876, and was graduated in 1878. He commenced the practite of his profession in 1878 at Parkersburg, W. Va., and in 1880 moved to New Brighton. He married, in 1879, Lucy L., daughter of Hon. James M. Stephenson of Parkersburg, W. Va. Dr. Gale is a member of the Roman Catholic church; politically he is a Democrat. T. F. G.4.LKY, superintendent of the Bridgewater Gas Company, P. O. Rochester, was born in Clarion county. Pa., of German and Irish parentage. His father was a farmer and oil producer, and his family consisted of eight sons and two daughters. T. P., the second child, attended the public schools and the high school in Clarion county. His first business was dealing in sheep, but later he embarked in oil producing in Ve- nango county, where he met with marked success. In 1885 he was induced to accept the very important trust of superintendent of the Bridgewater Gas Company, of which Judge Henry Hice is president. Mr. Galey takes an active interest in schools, and served three years as school director in Clarion county. He was married in Warren, Ohio, in 1871, to Olive, a daughter of David 'Tingling, and a native of Clarion county, Pa., of German origin. They have two children: Jessie A. and Clara. Mr. and Mrs. Galey are members of the Methodist church. He is a F. & A. M. ; politically a Demo- crat. A. D. GiLLiLAND, dealer in dry goods. New Brighton, was born in 1838, in Darling- ton township, this county, the third of ten children born to Samuel and Lois (Dunlap) Gilliland, the former of whom followed farming all his life. The paternal grandfather, "William Gilliland, also a farmer, emigrated from Londonderry, Ireland, in 1829. A. D. was reared on the farm where he was born, and between the ages of twelve and fifteen attended the high school. In 1852 he commenced the dry goods business, in which he has ever since been actively engaged. He was mariied, in 1861, to Emma, daughter of Charles M. Stewart, of New Brighton, and by her he has five children: Charles A., Carrie A., Louis A., Laura B. and Mw Ella. Mr. Gilliland is a member of the United Presbyterian church; politically a Republican. John Godaed, retired. New Brighton, was born in Beaver county. Pa., in 1822, the eldest son in the family of fourteen children of James and Mary (Godard) Godard, the latter a daughter of John Godard, of Kentucky. James Godard was a son of James and Elizabeth (Dawson) Godard, the former a revolutionary soldier. John attended the common schools and was reared on a farm, where he remained until twenty-two years of age. For fifteen years he was engaged in the coal business, and later for six years carried on merchandising, but since coming to New Brighton has lived retired. In 1847 he married Elizabeth, daughter of Samuel and Margaret Elliott, of Lancaster county, Pa., and four children have blessed them: Rebecca (Mrs. Stratton), Mary Virginia (Mrs. Ryan), Laura (Mrs. Dr. Jordan) and Edith (Mrs. Braden). Mr. Godard has been 772 HISTOEY OF BEAVER COUNTY. a member of the town council, tax collector and assessor twelve years, besides holding other offices of trust. He has been affiliated with the I. O. O. F. for thirty years; is a member of the Presbyterian church; in politics a Republican. Christian H. GoEHKiNG, farmer, P.O. Freedom, was born in Butler county, March 20, 1834. His parents. Christian and Elizabeth Goehring, came from Germany and settled in Butler county. Pa. , where the father died. The mother is still living, and is the wife of William Fahl. Christian H. married, April 10, 1857, Margaret Metz, who was born in New Sewickley township, Beaver county,Pa. , in January, 1836. Her parents, George and Christina Metz, immigrated to America and settled in Beaver county, where they died. Mr. and Mrs. Goehring have had eight children, of whom five are living: Adam, Elizabeth, Charles, "William and Henry. The deceased are Tillie, Emma and an infant. Mr. Goehring has been engaged in farming all his life and owns fifty acres of improved land. When the war broke out he enlisted in Com- pany D, 2d Pa. Heavy Artillery, and was wounJed in front of Petersburg, June 17, 1864. He and Mrs. Goehring are members of the English-Lutheran church. He has filled the offices of supervisor and assessor, and has been collector three times. John Goehring, farmer, was born Dec. 20, 1846, in New Sewickley township, a son of William and Magdalena (Dambacker) Goehring, natives of Germany. His grand- father, John Goehring, settled in New Sewickley township about seventy years ago. Our subject received his schooling in Marion township, and at twenty-three years of age began farming with his father, who died Dec. 16, 1873. He was married. May 3, 1870, to Caroline Pflug, who was born Feb. 20, 1849. Six children have blessed this union, viz. : William Henry, now at school at Edinburgh, Pa. ; Emma M , Henry Daniel, Charles John, Gilbert Jacob and Harvey L. Mr. and Mrs. Goehring are members of St. John's church in New Sewickley. Zbno Goehring, farmer, P.O. Zelienople, Butler county. Pa., was born in New Sewickley township, July 9, 1861, a sou of Henry and Sophia Goehring, the former a native of Pennsylvania and the latter of Germany. Henry Goehring died iP this county, Aug. 18, 1884, and his widow resides in Butler county. Zeno was married, Sept. 21, 1883, to Amelia Ruby, who was born In Butler county, Jan. 8, 1863, and is a daughter of Andrew and Catherine Ruby, the former a native of Pennsylvania and the latter born in Germany. Andrew Ruby died in 1879 ; his widow , is still living. Mr. and Mrs. Goehring have two children: Alma H., born Jan. 9, 1884, and Harvey J., born Dec. 31, 1885. Mr. Goehring owns 100 acres of improved land, and is a successful farmer. He and his wife are members of the English Lutheran church. In politics he is a Republican. He is a member of the Junior Order United American Mechanics. Marcus T. C. Gould. This distinguished gentleman was born at Rome, N. Y. . in 1798. He was educated in an academy in his native state, graduating at the age of eigh- teen, and delivering the leading oration on the occasion. For a time he engaged in busi- ness in New York, but, failing, he went to Philadelphia and began the publication of certain works for the Friends or Quakers. He published for them a paper called ' ' The Friend or Advocate of Truth,' which had an extensive circulation. Some difficulties arising in the denomination, he came westward in 1831, and stopped for a time at Steubenville, Ohio, to report the sermons of Ellas Hicks, the founder of the branch of the Quakers usually called the Hicksites. On his return to Philadelphia, he was charmed with the beauty and grandeur of Beaver Valley and its superior advantages for manufacturing purposes. This was in 1832. He at once closed his business in Philadelphia, and gave the energies of his ardent soul to the building up of the valley. Being a cousin of Zachary Taylor, he was induced to go to Kentucky to aid in the sale of some real estate. For a time he was very successful, but the prevalence of cholera in that region broke up his resort, and he returned to Beaver Valley. He established a Boys' School in New Brighton, and was successful in arousing an educational interest. Not in the educational field did he achieve most fame. The best energies of his life were given to the development of the material resources of the valley. Unselfishly he labored for the interests of others, content to see his efforts successful though he did BIOGRAPHIES EAST SIDE. 773 not share the fruits thereof. Like General Lacock, Mr. Gould predicted the building of railroads along the valley. Though regarded visionary at the time, his predic- tions were fully realized, and his children are permitted to see the steam horse speed- ing by on either side of Big Beaver. His greatest project, perhaps, was the effort to con- solidate and build up a large city at the mouth of Big Beaver, to be known as Beaver City, and to embrace all the towns within a radius of five or six miles. His hopes may yet be realized. Mr. Gould was a keen writer and a vigorous, fascinating talker, who readily enlisted his audience in his enterprises. He wasa superior short-hand reporter, and frequently was called upon to take down the speeches of Webster, Clay and other distinguished orators. He had two children, both daughters, one of whom, Mrs. Har- vey Mendenhall, is still a resident of New Brighton, where Mr. Gould resided the greater part of his Pennsylvania life. Ele died in Rochester in October, 1860, just after the state election; his wife in 1873. David A. Graham, farmer, P. O. New Brighton, was born in North Sewickley township Feb. 9, 1857, and is a son of David and Sarah (MoiBt) Graham, natives of Pennsylvania, the latter of Irish origin. David was born in 1807, was reared on the farm where David A. now lives, and had a family of eight children, seven now living: Mary, wife of Henry Fink, of Rochester; Thomas W., a merchant in Braddock, Pa.; William Nelson; Sarah, wife of Neil Love, in Pittsburgh; Agnes, wife of Charles C. Wilson, in Lawrence county. Pa.; David A., andEmmett, a merchant in New Brighton. David A. was educated in the common schools and began life as a carriage painter, a business he followed two years; he then took up farming and now owns 110 acres. He married, in 1879, Mrs. Caroline (Snyder) Bunzo, a widow, whose first husband, An- drew Bunzo, of French descent, died in 1875, leaving one child, Anda Ella. Mrs. Graham is a daughter of John Snyder, of German origin, who came to this county when young; his wife was Anna Eliza Bolland, also of German birth, who came to this country when eighteen years of age. Mr. and Mrs. Graham have one child, Edna Idel- letta. They are members of the United Presbyterian church. In politics he is a Re- publican. Williamson Geaham, ex- postmaster of Rochester, Pa., was born in Phillipsburg, Pa., Nov. 25, 1839, and is a son of Capt. Avery W. and Margaret (Moore) Graham, natives of Beaver county, and of English and Irish descent. His father was a captain and pilot on the river, which business he followed during many years. He was a staunch Republican and a good citizen. Williamson is the eldest of six children. He was reared in Beaver county, was educated in the English branches in the common and select schools, and was two years mider the instruction of the late Rev. Dr. Winter. Early in life he learned from his father the river business, and studied mechanical engin- eering. At the age of nineteen he became chief engineer of the steamboat " Princeton " and afterward of the " Porter." In April, 1861, he enlisted in the " Curtin Rifles," and served his country valiantly during the War of the Rebellion, passing through the battles of Drainsville, the seven days' fight on the Peninsula, second Bull Run, South Mountain, Antietam and Fredericksburg. After two years of faithful service he was honorably discharged for disability. He recovered his health, in a measure, and during several years was engaged on the river. In April, 1864, he married Philie M., youngest daugh- ter of William and Sophia (Evans) Reno, of French and English descent. They were among the pioneers of this region. Her grandfather. Rev. Francis Reno, was the first ordained Episcopal clergyman west of the Allegheny Mountains. Her mother was the daughter of Eli Evans, an early settler here. Her father built and commanded the first steamboat on the Western rivers. Mr. Graham became a member of the Methodist Episcopal church in Bridgewater, in 1865. His wife had been a member of the same church from the age of twelve. In 1867, when the Rochester M.E.church was organized, both were constituent members. They have been active members, and Mr. Graham has, from time to time, filled positions of trust and responsibility in the society. Both he and his wife have been active workers in the Sunday-school. He has filled all the chairs in the lodge and encampment of the I. O. O. F., he is a member of the A. O. U. W., and 7Y4 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. an ex-post commander in the G. A. E. He has been a life-long Republican, and a strict temperance man. In 1874 he invented, and patented, an excellent strainer for starch, fruits, etc. He was made postmaster of Rochester in 1877, and held the office by suc- cessive reappointments till 1887. During his administration he did much to promote the efficiency of the postal service in Rochester, though at a sacrifice, to some extent, of his pecuniary interest. From the first his wife was his able assistant. He has always been genial, courteous and kind, and has never incurred the suspicion of compromising principle for expediency. He is now engaged in the insurance business . Francis M. Grim, postmaster at Freedom, was born in Glasgow, this county, Aug. 5, 1846, and is the third son of Charles and Catherine S. (Wiseman) Grim, both natives of Pennsylvania, and of German descent. After they were married in Freedom, Pa., they settled and remained in Beaver county until 1855, then moved to Augusta, Ga., and resided for five years. They returned to Beaver county, where Charles remained until 1879; then removed to Pittsburgh, where he died in 1879. His widow resides in Freedom. They had thirteen children, eight living. Francis M. was married, Nov. 4, 1868, to Maggie J. Davis, who was born in Allegheny county Feb. 7, 1850, a daughter of Basil W. and Margaret J. Davis. To Mr. and Mrs. Grim have been born six children, four living: Lillie B., M. Pearl, Alberta P. and Francis M. Those deceased are Maggie L. and Lizzie M. Mr. Grim is a steamboat builder by trade. In 1864 he enlisted and entered the ranks for his country in Company F, 140th regiment, under Capt. Thomas Henry. On' the 18th of June he was wounded by a Minie ball in front of Petersburg, causing the loss of his left leg near the hip joint. He was then sent to the hospital in Philadelphia.from there transferred to the Pittsburgh hospital, and discharged March 16, 1865. July 13, 1865, before the wound was healed, he had to have a second operation performed. After coming out of the army he taught school for a short time, then began making cigars, which he followed until his appointment as postmaster of Freedom borough March 1, 1886. He and Mrs. Grim are members of the Methodist Episcopal church; he is a member of the G. A. R. ; in politics a Democrat. William H. Grossman, farmer, P. O. Rochester, was born in Beaver county in 1838. His father, Jolm Grossman, came from Germany about 1833 and purchased thirty-five acres of land in this county. He married Ziporah Stiles, by whom were born two children. William H., the youngest, was born and reared on a farm, where he has always remained, and now owns 125 acres of land, most of which is under cultivation. He was married in 1859 to Christena, daughter of Thomas Elliott, from Washington county. Pa. Six children have been born to them, four of whom are living: Emily A., John S., Nettie W. and W. H. Mr. Grossman has been engaged in steamboating. He has been school director for several terms . He is a Democrat, and has been auditor of the township eighteen years. MicHABL GuTBRMUTH, farmer, P. O. Brush Creek, was born in Germany, Feb. 24, 1881. His parents, ^Nicholas and Anna A. Gutermuth, emigrated to America in 1833, and settled in New Sewlckley township, where the mother died many years ago, and the father was afterward married to Caroline Deitrich. Michael was united in mar- riage, Oct. 12, 1856, with Sarah Deitrich. She was born in Beaver county, Pa., March 24, 1836, and is a daughter of Frederick and Dollie Deitrich, both deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Gutermuth are the parents of eight children, seven living: Nicholas, Frederick, Anna, Mary, John, Joseph and George; William is deceased. Mr. Gutermuth has been engaged in farming all his life. He and his wife are members of St. John's church. In politics he is a Democrat. P. D. Hall, retired, New Brighton, was born in Pittsburgli in 1882, the only child of Alexander and Mary A. (Devenny) Hall (both deceased), who came to Beaver county in 1831. The father came from Ireland, and carried on silk manufacturing east of the AUeghanies. When nineteen years of age, P. D. commenced' railroading, which he followed for thirty -three years in the employ of the same company, pari of the time in charge of their freight department at Pittsburgh. In 1885 he retired from active life, and purchased his present home in New Brighton. Mr. Hall was united in mar- BIOGEAPHIES EAST SIDE. 775 Tiage, in 1866, with Mrs. E. C. Bonbright. He is a F. & A. M.; politically a Re- publican. O. J. Hamilton, ship builder. Freedom, was born in Beaver county, April i, 1825, a sou of James and Elizabeth Hamilton, natives of Beaver county, where they resided all their lives. Mrs. Elizabeth Hamilton died May 7, 1866, and her husband Oct. 12, 1870. They were the parents of ten children, five living. O. J. was united in marriage March 1, 1849, with Lovina Manor, who was born in Beaver county, Sept. 29, 1820, a daughter of James JIanor (deceased). Mr. and Mrs. Hamilton had four chil- dren, only one of whom is living, James O. The deceased are Deloss, Adam L. and Nancy J. Mrs. Hamilton died Aug. 15, 1855. Jan, 5, 1857, Mr. Hamilton married Mary J. Calvert, who was born in Allegheny county, July 13, 1827, a daughter of James Calvert (deceased). To this union seven children have been born, of whom six are living: John C, William D., Milo J., Frank S., Alexander O. and Thomas A. Lizzie L. is deceased. jMr. Hamilton learned the trade of ship carpenter, and has followed that and house building since 1849. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episco- pal church, and have lived in Freedom since 1852. A. H.\NAUER, millinery, New Brighton, was born in WUrtemberg, Germany, in 1841. His parents, Sampson and Fannie Hanauer, had a family of four Sons and two daughters, of whom our subject is the eldest. Sampson Hanauer was a merchant and farmer. A. Hanauer was educated at the public schools, and at the age of fourteen came to America. Soon after his arrival he located in Rochester, N. Y., where he car- ried on the millinery business for nine years. He came to New Brighton in 1867, where he has since remained . In 1884 he started a branch establishment at Beaver Falls, which lias grown to great proportions. He was married in 1865, to Hannah, daughter of Raph- ael Steinfield, of this county, and two sons have been born to them, Sampson and Raphael, both living. Mr. Hanauer is a member of the I. O. O. F. and K. of P. He is of the Jewish faith ; politically a Democrat. William G. Hakker, manufacturer, P. O. New Brighton, was born in this county in 1851. His parents, William and Mary A. (Peatling) Harker, had seven children, William G. being the eldest son. He was born and reared on the farm, received a com- mon-school education, and at the age of eighteen years learned the trade of a moulder, which he has since followed. He married in 1875, Irene, daughter of Joseph and Isa- bella (Sillaman) Wilson, and to them have been born three children, only one of whom is living, Herbert Clyde. For eight years previous to engaging in his present business, Mr. Harker was employed by the Beaver Falls Car Works Company in the capacity of foreman. In 1883 the present firm, Novelty Works, Knott, Harker & Co., Limited, was established. The business is yearly increasing and to-day ranks first of its kind in the county. The concern is known as the "Beaver Falls Novelty Works". Mr. Hark- er is a member of the K. of P. ; politically he is a Republican. John C. Hart, furniture dealer and undertaker, P. O. New Brighton, was born in Butler county. Pa., in 1840, the elder of the two children of John and Nancy (Nixon) Hart. He was reared on the farm where he was born, until his eighth year, when he came with his mother to Beaver county, and here remained, receiving a common-school education, till 1861, in which year, August 28, he enlisted in Company D, 100th Regi- ment, P. V. He served three years and eleven months, and participated in the following named battles: Secessionville, Second Bull Run, Chantilly, South Mountain, Antietam, Fredericksburg, siege of Vicksburg, Blue Springs, Campbell's Station, siege of Knox- ville. Wilderness, iSpottsylvania Court House, ISTorth Anna River, Cold Harbor, at Petersburg, June 17th, July 30th (mine explosion), Aug. 19th, Aug. 21st, and Oct. 27th, the general siege Of Petersburg and the battle of Fort Steadman, 1865. Mr. Hart was married. May 21, 1870, to Sarah, daughter of William Johnson, of Mahoning county, Ohio, and to this union were born four children, only one of whom, Frank Donald, is living Our subject was elected clerk of the court of Beaver county in 1869, serving until 1879, having been elected for three successive terms. He is a member of the A. O. U. W., I. O. O. F., K. of P., G. A. R. andU. V. L. In politics he is a Republican. 776 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. John Hartzell, farmer, was born in Marion - township, in 1818, a son of George and Catherine (Krohn) Hartzell, of Eastern Pennsylvania. He bought a pait of his- present farm in 1841, and his father also gave him a part. He married, in 1839, Dora- thea Knauflf, who was born in Germany in 1821, a daughter of Michael and Margaret- KnaufE. Mrs. Hartzell died in 1869, the mother of nine children, as follows: George, in Butler county; Michael, in Lawrence county; John, in Marion towrship; Henry and William Andrew, in the furniture business in Rochester; Herman, in Marlon township;. Jacob, who conducts his father's farm; Catherine, married to Frederick Wolf (now deceased), and Margaret, wife of Henry Keterrer, of Marion township. Mr. Hartzell is a member of the German United Presbyterian church, and has held several township offices. His son, Jacob, was born in 1858, and Sept. 39, 1881, married Catherine, daugh- ter of John and Catherine Beuller, natives of Germany. She was born 1856, and died Oct. 21, 1887, the mother of three children: Alma, Edna and Effie. Hbkman Hartzell, farmer, was born March 25, 1851, on the farm of his father, John Hartzell, in Marion township. He married, in 1876, Elizabeth Kaufman, who was born in 1857, in New Sewickley township, a daughter of Austin and Mary Freshcorn, natives of Germany. Four children have been born to them, as follows: Agnes Matilda, Birdie M., Amanda, and Mollie (who died in August, 1883). Mr. and Mrs. Hartzell are members of St. John's church. Albert G. Harvey, grocer, New Brighton, was born in Butler county. Pa., in 1846, eldest son of Andrew (a carpenter) and Margaret (Glass) Harvey, parents of eleven children. The Harveys came originally from Ireland. Albert G. received a common- school education, and at the age of fourteen commenced the battle of life. Aftertrying various occupations he finally served a three years' apprenticeship to the machinist's trade, which he followed nineteen years. In 1864 he enlisted in Company B, 5th Heavy Artillery, and served until the close of the war. Mr. Harvey married, in 1869, Caroline, daughter of William Boswell, of New Brighton, and seven children were born to them, six yet living: Wilbur, Edward, Fred Lewis, Hattie, Howard and Walter. In 1885 Mr. Harvey formed a partnership with Frank A. Boswell, under the firm name of Boswell & Harvey, in their present grocery business at New Brighton. Mr. Harvey is a member of the G. A. R. ; in politics a Republican. Jambs Hastings, merchant, P. O. Freedom, was born in Allegheny county, Pa., Sept. 8, 1845, and is a son of Nasbet and Mary (Meredith) Hastings, who werenatives of Pennsylvania and were married in Allegheny county. After marriage they lived in that county for a time, then moved to West Virginia and from there to Ohio, and finally returned to Allegheny City, where they now reside. James Hastings was united in marriage July 10, 1869, with Sarah J., daughter of Richard and Nancy A. Holsinger, natives of Pennsylvania (both deceased). She was born in Allegheny county, June 2, 1852, and is the mother of seven children: Amanda, Frank, Nannie, Walter, Perlie, Myrtleand Fred J. After marriage Mr. Hastings settled in St. Clair borough, where he has remained ever since. He was engaged in quarrying stone for about twenty years. In 1884 he established his present business in St. Clair. He owns five houses and lots in the borough, and has filled several borough offices. Isaac Hazen, farmer, P. O. North Sewickley, is a son of James and Jerusha (Run- yan) Hazen, natives of New Jersey, who came to Beaver county at an early day and settled in North Sewickley township; but since the division of the township they have been in Franklin. They had thirteen children, eight yet living: James, Ann (widow of Hugh Thompson), Isaac, Jeremiah, Maria (widow of Hugh Bennett), Amariah, Loring and Absalom. The father was a gunsmith^ a trade he followed through life, at the same time superintending his farm. Isaac was married, in 1843, to Mary Jane, daughter of Mathew Kelly, and five children have blessed them: Mathew (deceased), Rachel, wife of John Rosenberg, in West Virginia; Jerusha Ann (deceased), James and 5^douiron. The mother died in 1854, and Mr. Hazen afterward married Mary, daughter of Isaac Eolinger, a native of Armstrong county. Pa. By this union there were eight children: John P. (deceased), Amariah, William R., Laura (wife of Samuel Thompson), Jennetta, BIOGEAPHIES — EAST SIDE. T7Y Violetta, Elizabeth and Howard. Mathew, the eldest son by the first wife, was a sol- dier in the Civil War, serving in Company H, 10] st Regiment P. V.; he was taken pris- oner at Plymouth, N. C, and died in Andersonville prison. Mr. Hazen was reared, educated and has continually resided in North Sewickley township. He has been judge of election one term. In politics he is a Democrat. He and his wife are mem- bers of the Baptist church . Nathaniel W. Hazen, farmer, P. O. North Sewickley, was born Dec. 5, 1816, in Franklin township, the eldest son of Samuel and Eliza (McDannel) Hazen, who were born Aug. 27, 1791, and 1798, respectively, on Peters Creek, Washington (now Alle- gheny) county. His father was the youngest of eleven children born to Nathaniel and Mary (Bell) Hazen, who came to Washington county from New Jersey, and shortly after to Franklin township. The patent issued from the government to the eldest son of Nathaniel Hazen, Sr., bears date 1790 for the old homestead where Smith Hazen now resides. Samuel Hazen died Sept. 7, 1855, and his wife in 1847. At the age of twenty- three years Nathaniel W. began farming his father's farm on shares; later on he bought 100 acres known as the " Severance farm," and with his faithful wife labored to clear the place from debt; and just as their earnest work was about to bring its reward, Mrs. Hazen died, after a few days' illness, in 1851. She was Rebecca, daughter of Joseph and . Mary (Runyan) Morton; her grandfather was one of the early settlers of this place. To her and her husband two children were born, Ezra (whose sketch appears below) and Elzena, married to Andrew Jackson, who died two years later, and she now resides with her father. Mr. Hazen after about eight years on the Severance farm exchanged it for his present place, where he as built up a beautiful home and has lived a useful life. He married his second wife, Nancy M. Dobbs, in 1854. She was born Feb. 23, 1835, a daughter of James and Isabella Dobbs, and has borne her husband four children: Mag- gie D., wife of John W. Irwin, of Franklin township; Elmer E. and Clara Bell, at home, andEliza Jane who died at the age of fifteen years. All the family, except the youngest son, are members of the North Sewickley Baptist church. Mr. Hazen is a Republican; he has been school director about thirteen years, and has also held other township offices. Ezra Hazen, farmer, P. O. North Sewickley, the eldest son of Nathaniel W. Hazen, was born on the Severance farm, in Franklin township, Sept. 7, 1842. He attended the schools of this township and North Sewickley Academy, and after reach- ing his twenty-first year worked his father's farm on shares for six years, and taught school four winters. After that he bought a part of his father's farm, erected a fine dwelling, and has a pleasant home. He married, March 31, 1868, Rebecca S. Knox, who was born Nov. 21, 1844, in Butler county, a daughter of Obed and Sarah (Dunn) Knox, natives of Butler county, and both now deceased. Her mother was born March 14, 1814, and died July 27, 1886. Two children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Hazen: Gilbert Nathaniel and Charles L., both at home. Mr. Hazen is a Republican, and with his wife and eldest son is a member of the North Sewickley Baptist church. Nathan Hazen, farmer, P. O. North Sewickley, was born in Franklin township, this county, Dec. 15, 1829, a son of Samuel and Eliza (McDannel) Hazen, also natives of this county, and parents of eight children, all of whom lived to maturity: Nathaniel; Margaret, widow of John Thompson, residingin New Brighton, this county; Mary Ann, deceased wife of H . R. Alter (Mr. Alter had been three times married, and his third wife, together with the youngest three daughters, was killed at the railway accident which occurred at or near Chatsworth, 111., Aug. 11, 1887); Rebecca, who was twice married, first to William Mortain, and at his decease to Alexander Cavin, died in 1883; Hannah, deceased wife of James C. Thompson, also deceased; Nathan; Samuel, who died at the age of twenty-two; and Smith, in Franklin township, this county. The father of this family died Sept . 7, 1855, at the age of sixty-four years. Nathaniel Hazen, grandfather of our subject, a native of New Jersey, and a farmer, came to this county at a very early day; the maternal grandfather, Jethro McDannel, was also a farmer. Nathan Hazen was educated in the common schools of his native county, and has fol- 778 HISTOEY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. lowed farming pursuits all his life, in connection -with which he carried on mercantile pursuits for eight years in North Sewickley. He was married, March 4, 1851, to Judith, daughter of Abraham Zeigler, a native of this county, whose father, Christopher, a far- mer and cabinet maker, was among the earliest settlers of Franklin township, and died in Mahoning county, Ohio, about 1853, at the age of ninety-seven years. Mr. and Mrs. Hazen have six children: Christopher; O. T. ; Elizabeth, wife of Stewart Thompson, a merchant in New Castle, Pa.; Mary, wife of Dr: W. H. Morrison, in Struther, Ohio; Ida and Lillie, at home. Mr. Hazen has held the oflBce of supervisor, and served on the board of electors several terms; in politics he is a Republican. The family are members of the Baptist church, excepting the married daughters, who have joined the churches of their respective husbands. Smith M. Hazbn, farmer, P.O. Frisco, was born on his present farm in 1835, youngest son of Samuel and Eliza (McDannel) Hazen. Samuel was the youngest of eleven children born to Nathaniel and Mary (Bell) Hazen, who settled here in 1790. He was a soldier in the war of 1812. Smith M. received his education in the old log school- house, and after his father's death took the farm. He married, March 5, 1857, Mary Ann Nye, who was born in 1835, in North Sewickley township, a daughter of Andrew and Sarah (Seth) Nye, whose grandfather, also named Andrew, settled here about 1790. Seven children have resulted from this union, as follovps: Edwin P., a dentist, at Fort Madison, Iowa; Elwin S., a farmer, in Missouri; Ira R., at home; Austin Pierce, a farmer, in Franklin township, this county; Ora E. , who died in-1869; Samuel Grant and Bertha, at home. Mr. Hazen is a Republican, and all but one of his family are mem- bers of the North Sewickley Baptist church. Philip H. Hekemann, farmer, was born May 4, 1839, in Alsace, Prance (now Germany), a son of Philip and Kate Zehner, who were born May 1, 1809, and March 13, 18)3, in Germany. They located in 1853 in Marion township, Beaver county, where the father died March 35, 1888. The paternal grandfather of Philip H. was Philip Herr- mann; his maternal grandfather was Henry Zehner, and both died in Germany. Philip H. received some schooling in the old country, attended school one month here, and learned the English letters, but by his own individual study he is now able to read English well. When he was twenty-six years old he married Margaret, a daughter of Frederick and Margaret (Smett) Danbacher, and born July 1, 1846. Following named children were born to this union: Maggie C; Joh^ Adam; Kattie, who died in 1874; Clara; Sophia, w^o died in 1883; Albert and Emma. Mr. Herrmann bought his present farm four years after he was married. He has served in several township ofHces, and is now filling his third term as town assessor. He is a member of the United Presby- terian church. John Herzog, farmer, P. O. Knob, was born in Germany, Feb. 7, 1829. His parents, John and Mary Herzog, immigrated to America in 1849, and in 1850 returned to Germany, where the father died. The mother afterward came to this country, and again returned to Germany, where she died. Our subject came to America in 1848^ and was married in Pittsburgh, Aug. 16, 1848, to Margaret Heid, who was born in Germany March 20, 1826. Her parents, John and Catherine Heid, started for America in 1852. The mother died at sea, and the father in Baltimore soon after landing. Mr. and Mrs Herzog have had nine children, eight now living: William, Anna M., Mary E , Sevilla' Mary B., John, Emma M. and Eva B. Mary A. is deceased. The family have lived in Beaver county since 1865. Mr. Herzog owns ninety-five acres of improved land. He has held the offices of supervisor and assistant assessor in New Sewickley township! Tobias Hbtchie (deceased), whose portrait appears elsewhere in this work was a native of Freedom borough, where he passed all his life. He was born Oct 4 1846 and passed away on the day he was thirty-nine and one-half vears old His parents' John and Anna Mary (Schmidt) Hetchie, were natives of Germany, and were among the early residents of Freedom. Mrs. Hetchie survived her husband several years dving at the age of seventy-four. Tobiris Hetchie was a notary public and conveyancer and transacted a great deal of business for other people. He never sought political prefer- BIOGEAPHIES EAST SIDE. 779 ment, and the only society with which he was ever connected was the local Loan Asso- ciation, of which he was president at the time of his demise. In 1867 he was wedded to Miss Anna M. v., daughter of Thomas Freeman and Hannah (Vickery) Robinson, natives of Beaver and Allegheny counties, respectively. Mr. Robinson received a medical degree, but gave his attention to his farm at Freedom, where Mrs. Hetchie was born. He died in 1876, aged sixty-three years, and Mrs. Robinson passed away four years later, at the age of fifty -six. Captain William Vickery, father of thelatter.wasa sonof John Vickery, an English seaman, and came from Philadelphia to Allegheny county about the beginning of the present century. In 1826, he began the erection of the fine stone mansion in Freedom, now occupied by Mrs. Hetchie, and moved in with his family two years later. He lived to the age of seventy years, and was highly respected. Mr. Hetchie is succeeded by a son, christiened Willliam Vickery, now seven years old. J. G. HiLLMAN, teacher, P. O. Freedom, was born in Lebanon, Pa., a son of Rob- ert T. and >lary (Shalk) Hillman, the former a native of New Jersey, born in 1811, and the latter a native of Lebanon, Pa., born in 1813. They were married in Columbiana county, Ohio, where they remained until the death of Robert T., which occurred in 1872. His widow resides on the old homestead near New Lisbon, Ohio. They were the parents of ten children, six living. J. 6., the eldest, was united in marriage March 18, 18T4, with Sarah A. Nickum, who was born in Freedom, a daughter of John and Lydia (Cooper) Nickum, both natives of Beaver county. Pa. Mrs. Nickum died in October, 1875; Mr. Nickum is still living. They were the parents of six children, of whom Mrs. Hillman is the only one living. To Mr. and Mrs. Hillman have been born three chil- dren, two living : Nellie L. and John A. The one deceased is Robert C. Prof. Hillman acquired his education in New Lisbon, Ohio, and has engaged in teaching all his life. When the war broke out he enlisted in Company K, 104th O. V. I., and served his country three years. He has resided in Freedom for seventeen years. GrE0RC4E HiNKEL, house plasterer, P. O. Rochester, was born in Germany May 19, 1820, a son of "John and Barbara (Miller) Hinkel. His father, who was a farmer all his life, had nine children., George was reared in Germany and came to America when twenty -three years old. He learned his trade in Pittsburgh, serving seven years, and has worked at it since, first as a hand, then as boss, -for one year. Since 1846 he has been in business for himself as a contractor. He has met with success: is the owner of the farm where he resides in Rochester township, and has made his own way in the world. He married in Allegheny county, Pa., Miss Margaret Kress, who was born in Germany. Of their ten children, only four are living: Nicholas, Mary, Anna and John. The family are members of the Catholic church. Mr. Hinkel is a Democrat in politics. William H. Hoopek, merchant and engineer. Freedom, is a member of the firm of Dambach & Hooper, merchants, of Freedom, Pa. He was born in Pittsburgh, Jan. 17, 1831, a son of Philip and Margaret Hooper. Philip was born in Allegheny county, Pa., June 10, 1805, and his wife in Beaver county Feb. 23, 1807. They were married in Pittsburgb, where they settled and remained about five years, when the- father died. They were the parents of two children: Jane, the wife of Thomas Dripps, of Freedom, and William H. After Philip's death the family moved to Freedom, where the mother died Aug. 17, 1854, William H. was united in marriage Nov. 21, 1850, with Merie Benner, who was born in Butler county, Pa., April 19, 1831, daughter of John and Sarah Benner, the former deceased, the latter yet living. After William H. was married he settled in Freedom, Pa , has been a resident of the town for fifty years, and has been a steamboat man all his life. He has one child living, Olive E., born April 8, i864, and married June 29, 1882, to Charles Dambach, a member of the firm of Dambach & Hooper. Charles Dambach was born in Butler county, Pa., Oct. 12, 1860. His parents. Nicholas and Catherine Dambach, natives of Germany, emi- grated to this country and have resided in Butler county. They are the parents of three children, two living, Charles, and Tillie (wife of W. A. Goehring). Edwakd Hoops. Joshua Hoops, the progenitor of the Hoops family in America came with William Penn in 1682, and located in Bucks county, Pa. His son 780 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. Daniel married Jane Worrellow, of Bucks county, in 1696, and soon after removed to Chester county. They were blessed with seventeen children, most of whom attained a great age. Among them was Thomas, whose two sons were Thomas and David. The latter was by trade a tanner. He married, in 1766, Esther, daughter of Joseph and Lydia Townsend, of East Bradford, Chester county, in the same state, and in 1803 removed to New Brighton. Their children were Thomas, Joseph, Susanna, Jesse and Lydia. Joseph, of this number, born Oct. 28, 1770, mairied, April 5, 1798, Ellen, daughter of J. and Bachel V. Hamilton, of Wilmington, Del. His death occurred Dec. 10, 1840, and that of his wife Oct. 4, 1850. Their children are Francis, Edward, Francis 2d, Charles, William, Mary, Charles 2d and Hamilton, of whom four- died in infancy. Edward Hoops, the subject of this biography, was born Dec. 18, 1800, in Wilmington, Del., and removed with his parents when but two years of age to Beaver county, where he has since, with the exception of a brief interval, resided. He was for a few months, only, a pupil in a Quaker school, and at the age of twelve entered a store as clerk, acting in that capacity until 1818. Returning home, he embarked with his brother in the coach making business in Brighton, and continued this relation until 1830. He then became a merchant at the same point, and gave his exclusive attention to this department of in- dustry until 1840. JVIr. Hoops has since that date been variously employed, confining himself to no special branch of business. He was for a period secretary of an insurance company, and agent for the collection of claims for the trustees of the branch of the United States Bank, located at New Brighton. In 1857 he was made cashier of the Bank of Beaver County at the latter point, and continued agent for the lands belonging to the Chew estate, in Beaver and Lawrence counties. He also engaged in private real estate operations, but has recently devoted his attention exclusively to the management of his own property. Mr. Hoops was, in 1826, married to Cynthia, daughter of Benja- min and Pamelia Townsend, and their children were William P. (deceased), Henry (deceased), Henry 2d, Ellen, Pamelia and Edward, who lost his life in the battle of Fredericksburg. The death of Mrs. Hoops occurred in 1878. Mr. Hoops was reared in the faith of the Society of Friends, to which he still adheres. H. N. W. HoTT, insurance agent and dealer in real estate. New Brighton, is a native of the state of Maine, and was born in 1842. His father, Benjamin G. Hoyt, a native of England, was for ten years a professor in and president of Beech Grove Seminary, Tennessee, where he died. H. N. W. Hoyt graduated from Baden College, Brunswick,' Maine, and soon thereafter removed to Ohio, where for eight years, he was superintend- ent of schools. Coming to Beaver county, in 1875, he was appointed by the board of school directors superintendent of the county schools, and later on was for some years prin- cipal of the public schools of New Brighton. Mr. Hoyt is now engaged in insurance and real estate business. He is a member of the Presbyterian church; in politics a Democrat. E1.IA8 HiJNTEB, baggage master, P , Ft. W. & C. Ry. , New Brighton,was born in that town in 1838, the fourth son and youngest child in the family of seven children of John C. and Jane (Moore) Hunter. The paternal grandfather, William H., came from Ire- land at an early date, and purchased a farm in this county. Elias was educated at the public schools of his native town, and early in life commenced railroading, having now served some twenty-five years, twenty as baggage master . He was for a time conductor for the same company. He married in 1868, Josephine, daughter of John and Sarah (Foutz) Sheets, and to this union have been born two children, Edward C and Lewis S Mr. Hunter is a member of the K. of P. and A. O. U. W. , and of the Methodist Episco- pal church. In politics he is a Republican. N. F. Hurst, proprietor of real estate and loan agency office, Mansfield block Rochester avenue, Rochester, was born in Bridgewater, this county Dec 19 1850 a son of William and Amanda (Parsons) Hurst. His parents were natives of England and settled in Bridgewater in 1833. His father learned mercantile business in England for which privilege his parents paid five hundred pounds. In Bridgewater he carried on a dry goods store and grocery until his death in 1879. He had five children of whom N F. IS the fourth. He attended the public school in his native town, and the'school which BIOGRAPHIES — EAST SIDE. 781 afterward became Beaver College, in Beaver, Pa. He went into his father's store as a clerk, and was a diligent and successful salesman. After his father's death he continued mercantile trade as clerk for his brother, A. 0. Hurst, in Bridgewater, until 1884, when he embarked in his present business in company with Samuel Moody. Mr. Moody retired from the firm in 1885, since which time Mr. Hurst has continued the business alone. He was married in 1881, to Lillian, daughter of John Conway. Mr. Hurst is a brother to Capt. Charles B. Hurst, of Rochester, and A. C. Hurst, a merchant at Bridge- water. He is a Democrat in politics, and is a member of the council of Rochester. He has two children: John Conway and Edwin Moody. Mr. and Mrs. Hurst are members of the Presbyterian church, of which he is a trustee. He is a Sir Knight Templar. JoHX C. Irvin, farmer, Rochester, was born in Rochester township, this county, Oct. 8, 1821. His parents were Joseph and Ellen (Carlen) Irvin, the former a native of Ireland, the latter born in Pennsylvania, and of Irish descent. Joseph Irvin, a prom- inent farmer, served for several years ae associate judge of Beaver county, where he located in 1803 with his parents. He died in Rochester township in 1884, in his eighty- seventh year. He reared a family of seventeen children, thirteen of whom grew to maturity, and ten are now living. Thirteen of the children were sons; eight of them still survive. John C. is the smallest of the sons, and his weight is about 224 pounds. Our subject's great-grandfather, Joseph Irvin, was a prominent man, and was compelled to leave Ireland in 1796, during the rebellion. He came to the United States, settled in Pennsylvania, and carried on farming. His son, John Irvin, grandfather of John C, was also a farmer, and spent a part of his life^ou the farm in Rochester township. John C. received a common-school education, and has been a farmer, contractor and successful trader all his life. He is interested in almost every enterprise of importance in Roches- ter, and is the owner of more real estate than any five men in Rochester. He is popu- larly known as " Uncle Jack," except by some of the colored people, who call him " Grandpap." In politics he is a Democrat. He is a prominent F. & A. M., and has taken thirty -two degrees in that order. He was married Dec. 25, 1844, in Darlington, Beaver county, Pa., to Miss Martha Mann, of English descent. Their living children are Edward, James C. and Joseph B., and those deceased are William L., Martha, Mil- ton, Jesse and Mary L. Mrs. Irvin died Aug. 14, 1871. James Irvin, farmer, P. O. Rochester, was born in this county in 1835, a son of Joseph and Ellen ^Carlin) Irvin, who were also the parents of twelve other children, James being the tenth. Joseph was a farmer by occupation. He came from Scotland to America about 1802, and purchased 300 or 400 acres of land in Beaver county. James was educated atthe common schools, in Rochester, and has always lived on a farm. He married, in 1858, Isabella, daughter of Jessie Nannah, of this county. They have had nine children, of whom eight are now living: Hugh, Blanche (Mrs. Brewer), Jessie, Joseph, Edith, Clyde, Martha and Clarence. Mr. Irvin purchased his present farm of ninety-two acres in 1865. It is beautifully located and on it are erected good buildings, etc. He is a Democrat, politically. Joseph Irvln, farmer, P.O. Rochester, was born on the farm where he now lives April 9, 1843. His parents, Joseph and Nellie Irvin, are both deceased. Joseph, Sr., served as associate judge, was a farmer and among the early settlers of Beaver county. Our subject attended school here, and chose farming as a business. Jan. 9, 1866, he married Maria Sample, of Butler county. She was born July 26, 1840, and is a daughter of James and Susannah Sample. They have had three children, of whom two are living : Richard and Walter. A daughter, Nellie, is deceased. Mr. Irvin owns eighty acres of land. Mr. and Mrs. Irvin are members of the Presbyterian church. He is a Democrat. Thomas J. Irwin, farmer, P. 0. North Sewickley, was born in Plum township, Allegheny county. Pa., July 17, 1822. His parents, Joseph and Lydia Ann (Wilson) . Irwin, natives of Ireland, came to this country in 1818, first locating. in Allegheny county. They had nine children: Sarah (deceased), Alexander (deceased), Wilson, Thomas J., Eliza Jane, Samuel, Isabella and two (unnamed) who died in infancy. 44 782 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. Joseph was a farmer, and died in 1853. Thomas J. was educated partly in the subscrip- tion schools of Allegheny county and partly in the common schools. He engaged in farming in early life in Allegheny county, then moved to this township, where he bought his present farm of 130 acres. He was married, March 13, 1851, to Elizabeth J., daughter of Fredericli Hillman, and by her had eleven children: Joseph F., in Deadwood, Dak. ; Ann Jennie, wife of Dr. Judson Hazen, of North Sewickley ; Alex- ander (deceased), John "W., Rachel (deceased), William A., Carrie I. , Mary Loretta, Sarah E., Harry and Walter M. Mr. Irwin is a Democrat, and has held the oflBces of school director three years, supervisor one year, assessor one year, and was judge of election for several years. He and his wife are members of the Presbyterian church, of which he has been elder for thirty years . Charles B. Jackson, physician, New Brighton, was born in Beaver county in 1863. James Jackson, the first member of this family in America, came from Ireland when eighteen years of age, and soon after his arrival here located in Allegheny county, where he remained only a few years, settling finally in Beaver county, where he pur- chased a farm containing seventy-five acres. He married Jane Jackson, who was also from Ireland, and to whom were born eight children Dr. James E. (deceased) being the youngest. He was born in 1818, and died in 1875. He received in youth an academic education, and at the age of nineteen learned the blacksmithing trade, which he followed for a number of years, during which time he took up the study of medicine. He graduated from Cleveland Medical College, and for twenty-nine years practiced his profession at Fallston, where he died. He married, in 1861, Pamelia, daughter of John and Margaret (Hazen) Thomas, also of this county. They had two children, Charles Elmer and John Thomas. Charles E. was educated at the high school in New Brighton, and at Geneva College, and in 1882 commenced the study of medicine with Dr. W. C. Simpson. He entered Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York, in 1882, and graduated in 1885. After graduating he practiced at Fallston for one year, and is now located at New Brighton, where he has a lucrative practice. He is a member of the Beaver County Medical Society; politically he is a Democrat. James Jackson, farmer, P. O. North Sewickley, was born Feb. 14, 1812, in North Sewickley township. His parents, Andrew and Agnes (Robison) Jackson, had nine children: Martha, Mary, Robinson, Jane, Robert, Ann, James, Agnes and Andrew. Four of these are yet living: Mary and Jane residents of Indianapolis, Ind., aged respec- tively, eighty and eighty-four years; Ann, now seventy-eight years, living in Allegheny City, and James aged seventy-six. Andrew Jackson was born in Ireland, and came to America in 1798, first settling in Sewickley Bottom, this county, where he lived for several years. In 1808 he bought the farm where James Smith now resides, in the extreme southeast corner of North Sewickley townsl^ip, and there died in 1846. In his native country he learned to be a farmer, which he followed in this country. He was a cousin of President Andrew Jackson, and was one of the first elders elected in the Presbyterian church in Beavertown, Rev. William McLean, pastor. His wife was born in Newark, N. J., her parents coming from England in the latter part of the last century and settling in Newark, where they remained until 1790, then removed to North Sewickley township, where they died. James received a common-school education and learned the trade of stone cutter, which he followed for five years, then purchased the farm adjoining the one on which he now resides, and, in 1849, bought his present property consisting of over 200 acres, to which he subsequently removed, and where he has since resided. He was married, in 1838, to Esther Akin, and they had eight children, (six living); Kate Agnes, Jane (deceased), James A.,. Andrew (deceased), Sarah Ann (wife of Harry Potter, of Franklin township, this county), Henderson, John and Robert. Mr. and Mrs Jackson are members of the Methodist Episcopal church . In state or national elections he votes for the nominee of the Democratic party, but in county elections, for the man who, in his judgment, is best suited for the particular office. He is an honored citizen, highly respected by all who know him. Samuel P. Jackson, superintendent of Penn Bridge Works, New Brighton, was BIOGEAPHIES EAST SIDE. 783 born in this county in 1851 . His father, Hugh Jackson, a boat-builder, married Ann Ferguson, who bore him eight children, of whom Samuel F. is the fifth. He was edu- cated in the common schools, and at the age of eighteen commenced to learn the cutlery trade, serving an apprenticeship of three years. He followed that business until 1881 . He was married, in 1875, to Jennie, daughter of Samuel Dunbar of this town, and two children, Annie and Eva, have been born to this couple. Since 1881 Mr. Jackson has been in the employ of the Penn Bridge Works, and since July, 1886, has held the posi- tion of superintendent. In 1887 he was elected to the town council by the Republican party, and in 1886 was a delegate to the Republican state convention. He is a F. & A. M., and a member of the K. of P. Thomas H. Javenb, druggist, Rochester, was born in Bridgewater, Pa., April 21, 1856, a son of John and Mary (Crossgrave) Javens. John Javens was born in Bea- ver county, a son of Henry Javens and grandson of John Javens, who came to Beaver in 1800. He went from this coupty to the war of 1813. He reared a family of thirteen children, but most of his descendants have gone into the Western states. Mrs. Mary Javens was a native of Maryland, and the family have been residents of Maryland for several generations. Our subject's father was of French descent, and a stone mason and contractor. His family consisted of five children, three now living: Thomas H. and two daughters. Thomas H. was reared in Rochester, attended the schools of his native town and spent one year at the University of Michigan. He was in the medical department of the University, which eminently qualified him for the business he was destined to follow. He had selected the drug business and has worked at it mostof the time since he was fourteen years old . He was in business in Mercer county for a time, but in 1881 came to Rochester and embarked in the drug business in company with C. A. Danals. This partnership continued until 1886, when Mr. Danals retired from the firm. Mr. Javens was married, in 1877, to Olive Hunter, and to them have been born four children: Fred, Cyrus, John and an infant. Mr. Javens is a Democrat. A. M. Johnson, real estate agent, Rochester, was born in this county June 11, 1858. His parents, Samuel and Mary (Guiceler) Johnson, were natives of Allegheny county and of German origin. His father was a coal miner by occupation. Of his twelve children, ten grew to maturity, of whom A. M. is the fifth. He was reared in Beaver county, where his parents had resided for nearly one-half a century. His father was baggage agent for the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, and subsequently kept a hotel. When he retired our subject took up that business and kept the " Point Hotel " for four years. The present real estate agency was established in 1884. When first started Mr. Johnson was in company with others, but since 1885 he has been alone. He lately issued the Beaver County Real Estate Journal, a handsome volume contain- ing nearly forty pages, which he circulates to all parties sending their names and address. He is also ticket agent in Rochester for the Pittsburg & Lake Brie Railroad, and is an agent for fire insurance. He was married, in 1880, to Anna, daughter of Peter Shupbert, a weaver by trade. Her parents were of German descent. The children of Mr. and Mrs. Johnson are Howard and Nellie. The parents are members of the Lutheran church. In politics Mr. Johnson is a Democrat. He is a member of the Royal Arcanum. William Davis Johnson (deceased) was a merchant in Rochester at the time of his death in 1881. He was born in Connecticut in April, 1803, a son of John Johnson, and of English descent. He was reare'd in Connecticut, attended the common schools, and early in life learned the mason's trade. In 1826 he settled at Rochester, and worked at his trade for a few years. He then embarked in mercantile trade and met with success in business. He was a highly respected citizen, and had many warm friends. He was married in Rochester, in 1829, to Jemima, daughter of John and Jane (Wier) Irvin, natives of Ireland. Mrs. Jemima Johnson was born in Rochester township, Sept. 10, 1807, a sister of Joseph Irvin who was associate judge of Beaver county. She h^s resided in Rochester for over fifty years. The marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Johnson was blessed with one son George J. who was reared in Rochester married and died there. 784 HISTORY OF BEATBK COUNTY. leaving one child, George, who is now in California. Mr. Johnson was a professor of religion, but did not unite with any church. He was a Repablican in politics. Mrs. Johnson is a member of the Reformed Presbyterian church. Charles "W. Katz, retired. New Brighton, was born in Germany in 1811. His parents were Christian and Caroline Katz, the former a manufacturer of paper in Ger- many. They had six children, of whom Charles W., the youngest, came to America with his parents about 1836, and for several years worked at his trade, that of a paper- maker. In 1870 he came to Beaver county, and during five years worked in a paper-mill at Fallston. He also passed five years at the same business in West Newton, "West moreland county. Pa. In 1854 he purchased a farm in Patterson township, Beaver county, on which he remained seventeen years. He then removed to New Brighton, where he has since resided. He was married, in 1843, to Louisa Gilboch, who bore him three children: Louis H. (deceased), Amanda and Caroline. Mr. Katz is a member of the German Reformed church; in politics a Republican. John Kbttlbwood (deceased), late of Rochester, was born in England in 1820, and died in 1880. At the age of nine years he came with his father to America and located in "Wellington, removing thence to Bridgewater, Pa. He was married, in 1847, to Amy Gardner, who bore him seven children, four of whom are living, viz.: John, George, Frank and Mary (Mrs. Murray). Mr. Kettlewood followed his trade, that of black- smithing, for twenty-five years. The farm he owned at his death was purchased and settled by his father-in-law in 1802. Mrs. Kettlewood and her son Frank reside on the farm, which is beautifully located and under good cultivation. The family are mem- bers of the Methodist church. John Kirchnbb, farmer, P. O. Knob, was born in Germany Dec. 27, 1832. His parents, Michael and Elizabeth Kirchner, came to America in 1833, and settled in Beaver county, where they died. John was married, Sept. 3, 1855, to Catherine Stichling, who was born in Baden, Germany, April 32, 1833, a daughter of Everhart and Catherine Stichling, natives of Germany, and who immigrated to America In 1841, settling in Beaver county on the farm where our subject now resides. Mr. and Mrs. Kirchner have five children: Jacob, Margaret, Henry, Sophia and Mary. Mr. Kirchner has been a farmer most of his life, and owns sixty acres of land. He and his wife are members of the German Evangelical church; politically he is a Democrat. Jacob Klein, farmer and dairyman, P. O. Beaver Palls, was born in Bavaria, Germany, in 1832, and came to America in 1853. His {)arents were Philip, a farmer, and Caroline (Keiser) Klein, who had five children, of whom Jacob is the third. Soon after his arrival in this country Mr. Klein located in Beaver county (in 1853), purchased 350 acres of land, and also engaged in the butchering business. He came to Pulaski township in 1875 and purchased his present farm, containing 166 acres, including 35 acres of woodland. He was married, in 1868, to Elizabeth, daughter of Philip and Margaret (Gilbaugh) Blinn. They have three children: Jacob, Charles and Mary. Mr. Klein has made great improvements on his farm in this township. He is engaged in dairying, keeping sixteen cows. He is a Democrat, and has held the ofiices of super- visor and school director. He is a member of the Presbyterian church. JohnH. Knott, superintendent of flouring mill, Beaver Falls, residence in New Brighton, was born in this county March 16, 1854, third son of Moses and Ann (White- worth) Knott, the latter a daughter of Henry and Sallle Whiteworth, natives of England. They had six children . Moses Knott came from England in 1849, and first located in Mercer county. Pa., for three years; then in 1853 settled at New Brighton; he is by trade a woolen manufacturer. John H. was educated at the public schools, and when eighteen was apprenticed to the carpenter's trade, which he followed eight years; then entered Iron City College, at Pittsburgh, after leaving which he was engaged for two years as shipping clerk, and in 1883 accepted his present position. He was married, in 1883, to Mary E., daughter of John Edgar, of Fallston, this county, and one child, John Edgar, was born to them. Mr. Knott is a member of the Mystic Circle, R. A.,at Beaver Falls, and of the Methodist Protestant church. In politics he is a Republican. BIOGRAPIIIKS — ^EAST SIDK. Y85 Frederick Kornmann, farmer, P. O. Freedom, was born in Germany, Nov. 22, 1833. His parents, Frederick and Anna G. (Brandt) Kornmann, were natives of Ger- many, and died tliere. Frederick came to America in 1853, and settled in Freedom, Pa., wliere he learned tlie blacksmith's trade. He was married in Pittsburgh, in 1856, to Barbara Schnessler, who was born in Germany, May 1, 1881, a daughter of George Schnessler (deceased). The fruits of this marriage are nine children: Mary A., Jeannette, Frederick, Adam, Catherine, George, Charles, Maggie and John. Mr. Korn- mann followed blacksmithing twelve years, then engaged in farming. He and his wife are members of the German Lutheran Church. In politics he is a Democrat. Joseph Krbbs (deceased) was born in Butler county. Pa., in 1819, and was a son of John H. and Barbara Krebs, who died in Butler county. Joseph was married, in 1857, to Matilda, daughter of William and Elizabeth French, the former deceased. This union was blessed with ten children, eight of whom are living: Anna, Arrema, Joseph A., Elizabeth, George, Matilda, Grace and William. Those deceased are Abigail and Emeline. Mr. Krebs departed this life April 12, 1888, aged sixty-eight years. He had been a farmer all his life, and owned eighty acres of improved land. He was a member of the United Brethren church, of which liis widow is also a member. In politics he was a Republican. J. H. KuHL, merchant tailor. Freedom, was born in Germany Oct. 24, 1843, a son of Henry and Hetchie Kuhl, who died in Germany, and who were the parents of six children, five living. J. H. was married, in 1873, to Hattie Geisler, who was born in Economy township, this county, in 1854, a daughter of Jacob and Barbara Geisler. Mrs. Kuhl died March 12, 1884, the mother of three children, two living: Anna B. and Lottie M. Mr. Kuhl learned the tailor's trade when he was fourteen years old, and has followed it ever since. He owns a nice home in Freedom, Pa., where he has lived for eighteen years. In politics he is a Republican. AbnerP. L.vcook was the youngest son of Gen. Abner Lacock, and was born April 12, 1812, in the house in which he lived all his life. He early chose his father's profession, that of a civil engineer, in which he became thoroughly proficient. He and his father surveyed the route of the Crosscut canal, running from Mahoningtown, Ohio, to Zanesville, connecting the Erie with the Ohio Canal. Unlike his father Abner P. Lacock never took an active part in politics, though he was a staunch Whig, and after- wards a Republican. He was always a prominent citizen of this county, and ranked among her foremost men. He never joined any secret order, and was never married. He lived an honest, honorable, upright life; was a sincere friend, generous and unsel- fish to a degree seldom found among men. He died on the 20th of April, 1888, loved and respected by all who knew him, and was buried beside his father in the cemetery belonging to his family. Charles M. Line, train baggage master, for the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, Rochester, was born in Holmes county, Ohio, Sept. 16, 1840, a son of William G. and Mary (Hoover) Line, natives of Carlisle, Pa., and of German origin, former of whom was a farmer. Charles M., the youngest of nine children, was reared on the farm in Holmes county, Ohio, attended the district school and also school at Hayesville. He enlisted in 1861 in Company E, 4th Regiment O. V. I. His regiment was in sixty- nine skirmishes and battles, among them the battles of Gettysburg, Antiet&m and Chan- cellorsville. He was under Generals Hancock and Carroll. He had many narrow escapes, and at the expiration of his service came home, and in less than three months obt:iined a position with the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, with which he has since remained. He was a brakeman two years, and has since been baggage master. Mr. Line was married, March 24, 1868, to Margaret, daughter of John Boley, and of Ger- man and Scotch origin. Mr. and Mrs. Line are members of the Presbyterian churCh at Rochester. He takes an active interest in the affairs of the church, and has served as secretary of the board of directors for eleven years. He is a member of the G. A. R. , and is a Master Mason. William Llotd, machinist, P. O. New Brighton, was born in Beaver county in 786 HISTORY OF BEAVEB COUNTY. 1844, and is of Welsh descent. His parents, John and Elizabeth (Words) Lloyd, Lad sixteen children. William being the youngest. John Lloyd was a wire drawer by trade, and came to Beaver county as early as 1839. William was educated in the com- mon schools of Fallston, this county, and at the age of eighteen began to learn the machinist's trade, serving an apprenticeship of three years. He was married, in 1871, to Caroline, daughter of Robinson and Ann Jackson, of this county, and they have one child, Ada Jackson. In 1864 Mr. Lloyd enlisted in Battery B, 1st P. A., and served until the close of the war. He is a Republican and has been twice elected to the town council, in 1883 and 1886. He isa memberof the G. A. R. and of theA. O.U. W. J. R. LocKHART, physician. Freedom, was born in this county Aug. 32, 1843. His parents were Jeptha and Edith (Applegate) Lockhart, the former born in New Jersey and the latter in West Virginia. They were married in West Virginia, settled in this county and remained here until their deaths. They had five children, four living, our subject being the third. He was married Dec. 1, 1875, to Frances M. McCaskey, who was born in Preedoin, Pa., a daughter of Robert and Frances McCaskey, natives of Pennsylvania, who settled in Freedom, and there remained until his death; his widow is still living. Our subject began the study of medicine in 1865, graduated in Cincin- nati, Ohio, in 1870, and has been engaged in the practice of his profession in Freedom ever since. The doctor and his wife are members of the Methodist church ; he is a F. & A. M. When the Civil War broke out he enlisted in Company F, I40th Regiment, P. V. I., and remained in the service eighteen months. D. E. LowRT, retired merchant, P. O. Freedom, was born in Bridgeport, Ohio, May 15, 1837. His parents, John and Sarah (Waggoner) Lowry, natives of Pennsyl- vania, were married in Beaver county, and from there moved to Bridgeport, Ohio, and thence to Allegheny county, Pa., where they lived until 1856, when they removed to Beaver, and here remained until their deaths. Our subject is the eldest of the family. He was first married. In 1868, to Mary A., daughter of Jacob Coas, and born in Beaver county. She died in 1875, and Feb. 30, 1878, Mr. Lowry married M. Jennie Dillworth, who was born in Beaver county Sept. 24, 1855, a daughter of Rev. Robert and Eliza J. (Slom) Dillworth, the former of whom died in 1858 and the latter in 1868. Two chil- dren have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Lowry: Mabel, born Nov. 25, 1878, died Jan. 8, 1881; and Annie, born May 18, 1884. Mr. Lowry was a merchant in Freedom from 1854 to 1875, retiring in the latter year. He and his wife are members of the Presby- terian church, of which he isa trustee. He is a F. & A. M. George F. Ldkbns, forwarding and commission merchant, Rochester, was born in Sharon, Pa., Nov. 23, 1827, and is a son of John M. and Mary (Jones) Lukens, the father a native of Beaver county, and the mother of England. His father was a mer- chant in early life, and later a forwarding commission merchant. When the canal was built through Beaver county he contracted to build bridges for it. In his later years he resided in Rochester, where he died in 1863. The grandfather of George F. (Thomas H. Lukens) was among the earliest permanent settlers in Beaver county. He was born in Chambersburg, Franklin county. Pa. , and was a merchant. George F. is the eldest of seven children, and attended school at New Brighton. The first business he did for himself was keeping a store boat on the Ohio river, which he followed for one year. He has been on the Ohio since 1846, and owned and operated the wharf boat at Roch- ester until 1863. He is a Republican in politics. In 1861 he enlisted in Company E, 134th P. V. , was a non-commissioned officer, and was discharged in 1863. He is a mem- ber of the Royal Arcanum, the L O. O. F. and encampment, and has been a Mason for years, having taken thirty-two degrees. He is also member of Post 183, G. A. R. William McCagtje, treasurer of the Point Bottle Works, Rochester, was born in Franklin township, Westmoreland county. Pa., and was brought to Allegheny county when five years old. His parents were natives of Westmoreland county. Pa. , and of Scotch-Irish descent. His father, who was a farmer, was killed by an Indian in the war of 1813; his mother's maiden name was Jane Crookshanks . William and his sister, the only children of their parents, were left orphans when he was only six years old. He BIOGRAPHIES —EAST SIDE. 787 learned the wagon-maker's trade in Pittsburgh, and also the art of making plows, serving nearly three years as an apprentice. In 1833 he became foreman In a manufactory of wagons and plows at Manchester. In 1886 he established such a manufactory in Pittsburgh, and followed that business for twenty years . He bought a farm in 1865, in Brighton township, Beaver county; retired from active business, and resided on thefarm for six years, but being used to active life he sold the place and moved to Rochester in 1874. He became interested in the Point Bottle Works at Rochester in 1882, and was elected treasurer of the company. He has been twice married, first in 1834, the fruits of which union were two children, one of which is now living, Rebecca G., wife of John Hines, of Allegheny City. In 1872 Mr. JlcCague married Elizabeth Worrick. They are members of the jNlethodist church, in which he takes an active interest, and has tflSci- ated as steward, class leader and treasurer, and teacher in the Sabbath ■school. He is the oldest Odd Fellow in Pennsylvania, having joined the order in Pittsburgh in 1830. He served for several years as district deputy grand-masti r of four counties. His lodge is the Western Star, No. 24, of Pittsburgh. In politics he is a Democrat, and during his eventful, life he has served thirty-two years as school director. He was burgess of Lawrenceville, live terms, in the early part of his life. Since he came to Rochester he has made many warm friends. George JIcCaskey, ship carpenter, P. O. Freedom, was born in Freedom, Aug. 31, 1839, and is a son of Robert and Frances McCaskey, the former of whom died in March, 1880; the latter resides with her son-in-law, C. T. Fowler. They had ten chil- dren, of whom eight are living, George being the fourth. Our subject was united in marriage, Jan. 20, 1870, with Mary Kerr, who was born in Freedom, Pa., Dec. 23, 1888, and is a daughter of Thomas G. and Grizzy H. (McCurdy) Kerr, who died in Freedom, the former April 19, 1886, and the latter Oct. 8, 1885. They were the parents of twelve children, three only remaining, of whom Mrs. McCaskey is the youngest. She is the mother of five children, three now living: Harlan, Stanley A. and Ella H. Those deceased are Francis L. and Robert L. Mr. McCaskey has followed his trade, that of steamboat building, for many years. When the war broke out he enlisted in Company F, 39th Regiment P. V., and served three years. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. Leander McCaulet, farmer, P. O. Rochester, was born on the farm where he and his family reside, Dec. 6, 1834, and is a son of Robert and Mary (Mitchell) McCauley, the former of whom, a native of Ireland, emigrated to America with his mother in 1819, his father having died in the old country; the mother of Leander was a native of Penn- sylvania, and died at the home of her daughter, in Rochester, June 9, 1887. They were married in Pennsylvania, and located for a short time in Allegheny county. In 1825 they bought the farm where our subject resides, and on which his father died, Jan. 9, 1867. Leander was married, Oct. 13, 1859, to M. Margaretta, daughter of John and Elizabeth (Harnit) Andrews, natives of Pennsylvania, now deceased. She was born in Lawrence county, Pa., Jan. 28, 1840, and is the mother of four children: JohnC. and Evelyn S., living, and Willie J. and Mary M., deceased. In 1857 Mr. McCauley went to Williams county, Ohio, and engaged in lumbering and teaching school. In 1862 he moved to Rochester, Pa., where he also taught school. In 1868 he moved to his present residence, and has since been engaged in farming. He and his wife are members of the Presbyterian church. In politics he is a Prohibitionist. William McClelland, farmer. New Brighton, was born and reared on the farm he now owns, consisting of 115 acres, in Beaver county, in 1828, second son and fourth of the five children of William and Jane (Hays) McClelland, former of whom, a farmer by occupation, was in the war of 1812, and drew a pension ; he came to America in 1776 from Ireland, purchased the farm his son William now owns, and died at the age of ninety-two years. Our subject was married, in 1852, to Rebecca, daughter of Valentine and Susanna Long, of Allegheny county, and ten children have been born to them: Frank, George, Susanna, Jacob, William, Elmer, Jennie, Rebecca (deceased), James and Lula. Mr. McClelland moved, in 1887, from the old homestead to New 788 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COTJNTr. Brighton, where he now lives, retired, though still looking after the managemeDt of work on his farm. He is a Republican. H. S. McCoNNEL, physician, New Brighton, was born in Freedom, Beaver county, Dec. 17,1848, and was educated at Beaver Academy and Beaver College. His grand- father came from Ireland at an early date. James McConnel, father of our subject, was a steamboat draftsman and builder. He married Elvira, daughter of Stephen Phillips, in whose honor Phillipsburg was named. They had ten children, the doctor being next to the youngest. James McConnel died in 1863, aged sixty years. The doctor was graduated from Bellevue Hospital Medical College in 1875, and immediately began practice in New Brighton, where he has continued, enjoying a lucrative practice in the town and surrounding country. He was married in 1879 to Georgiana, daughter of G. L. Eberhart, of New Brighton, and they have two children: Florence May and Donald Vinton. Dr. McConnel is a Republican, and a member of the school board. He is a member of the K. of P. Fkank McCeacken, farmer, P. O. Freedom, was born in Beaver county in Sep- tember, 1851, and is a son of John and Sarah McCracken, the former deceased. He (Prank) was married, Jan. 1, 1874, to Sarah A. Piersol, who was born in Beaver county Nov. 6, 1851. Her parents, Jacob and Eliza Piersol, were natives of Pennsylvania, and after marriage settled in Beaver county, where they remained until the father's death; the mother is still living. Mr. and Mrs. McCracken have four children: William, Elmer E., Lillian and John C. Mr. McCracken has been engaged in farming all his life, and owns eighty-seven acres of improved land. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. In politics he is a Democrat. Benjamin A. McCeeaey, farmer, P. O. Beaver Falls, was born in North Sewick- ley township, Beaver county. Pa. , Oct. 20, 1850, and is a son of "William and Mary (Ferguson) McCreary, both of Irish descent. The father was born in Franklin county, Pa., in 1813, and came to Beaver county in 1841, settling in North Sewickley township, where he has since carried on farming and the practice of law. He had nine children: Robert A. , who was a soldier in the War of the Rebellion, was taken prisoner, contined in Andersonville prison, and died of starvation and rough treatment, while on his way home; Jemima A., William A., Thomas H., James F., Benjamin A., Charles H., Joseph P., (in Wisconsin), and Franklin E. The mother died in March, 1882. Benjamin A. received a common-school education, and has followed farming all his life, now owning fifty-seven acres. He was married, Oct. 20, 1875, to Mary, daughter of Isaac and Maria (Boots) McDaniel, natives of Pennsylvania, both now depeased, latter a daughter of Samuel Boots, of North Sewickley township, this county. Mr. and Mrs. McCreary have three children: Laura E., Grace V. and Mary E. The parents are members of the Methodist church; politically Mr. McCreary is a Republican. He has in his posses- sion the first dog-power churning machine invented by his brother, James P., made after patent was taken out in June, 1879. Chaeles H. McCeeaey, farmer, P. O. New Brighton, was born in this county in 1853, seventh in the family of nine children of William and Mary (Ferguson) McCreary. He was born and reared on a farm, and received a common-school education. He was married, in 1879, to Jennie S., daughter of Elizabeth Bennett, and has one child, Robert Victor. Besides the home farm of thirty-five acres, Mr. McCreary owns seventy-two acres in North Sewickley township, which he purchased in 1885. In politics he is a Republican. Abeam McDonald, pilot, Freedom, was born in this county, June 3, 1834. His parents were Andrew and Katy (Riddle) McDonald, natives of Washington county. Pa. , where they were married. They moved to Hopewell township, this county, in 1810, and here remained until their death. Andrew McDonald came to Beaver county as a missionary, before he was married. He was a minister of the Presbyterian church, and preached a great many years. He and his wife were the parents of eight children, four living, Abram beingthe youngest. Abram was united in marriage the first time. May 6, 1856, withPhccbe McDonald, who was born in Hopewell township, and was a daughter BIOGRAPHIES EAST SIDE. Y89 of John W. ilcDonald. She died in 1857, and Nov. 3, 1859, Mr. McDonald married Sarah J. Noss. She was born in Moon township, this county, Oct. 5, 1835, and is a daughter of Jacob J. and Ann (Irwin) Noss, the former born in Mifflin county. Pa., March 8, 1810, the latter in Moon township, Feb, 16, 1817. They were married and set- tled in Beaver county, and remained until her death, which occurred May 37, 1866; Mr. Noss now resides with his son-in-law, Mr. McDonald, and is in his seventy-eighth year. Our subject and wife are the parents of five children, three living: two sons and one daughter. Mr. McDonald has been engaged on the river since he was fourteen years of age, and has been a captain and pilot for over thirty years. He and his wife are mem- bers of the Presbyterian church. He is an honorary member of the Masonic order; has resided in Freedom twenty-eight years. Thomas J. McDonald, pilot, Freedom, was horn in Columbiana county, Ohio, April 12, 1829, and is a son of James and Rachel (Cook) McDonald, former of whom was born in Ireland and came to America with his parents when three years of age, they settling in Columbiana county, Ohio. Rachel (Cook) McDonald was born in Ashtabula, N. Y., wliere she and her husband were married. After marriage they set- tled in Columbiana county, and remained there until their deaths. The family con- sisted of three children, all living: Thomas J., Eleanor and Matilda. Thomas J. was united in marriage in Allegheny county, July 16, 1849, with Sarah A. Oliver, who was born in Beaver county Feb. 15, 1882, daughter of Joseph Oliver. Mr. and Mrs. McDonald have had three children, two living: Elizabeth, wife of Charles W. Coffer, and Ella, wife of Captain George Whitefield. A son, James, came to his death by drowning, in 1857. Mr. McDonald has been steamboating all his life, and has been a pilot for thirty years. He owns a nice property, where he and family reside. He has lived in Freedom since 1861, and has filled various borough offices. W. H. McDonald (deceased) was born in Warren county. Pa., in 1839, and was a son of William R. and Rebecca (Magee) McDonald, the former of whom carried on lumbering in this county. They were the parents of eleven children, W. H. being the third son. When two years of age our subject was brought by his parents to Beaver county, where he received his education at the common schools, and remained nearly all his life, dying in 1886. In 1882 he enlisted in the 139th Regiment, P. V., and served three years. He received a sunstroke, from the effects of which he suffered to the day of his death. Mr. McDonald returned home in 1865, and soon afterward embarked in the grocery business in New Brighton, which he carried on up to his decease. He married, in 1868, Hannah, daughter of John and Cornelia Ervin, and by her had three children: John W., Lizzie and William H. Mr. McDonald was a member of the Methodist Episcopal church; a member of the K. of P. and the G. A. R. ; he was a F. & A. M.; in politics a Republican. R. L. McGowBS, retired, P. O. New Brighton, was born in Pittsburgh, Pa., in 1833, and is a son of Samuel and Jane (Strain) McGowen, natives of Belfast, Ireland. He received a common-school education, and in youth learned blacksmithing; then for six years manufactured brick. In 1854 he became foreman of a railroad machine shop, a position he held until 1885, when he retired from active labor and located at his pres- ent home. Mr. McGowen married, in 1848. Rebecca Jane, dauahter of Edward Old- ham, and by her has three children: Marion C. (now Mrs. Magaw), Mary J. (now Mrs. Kinsley) and R. F. (in Pittsburgh). Mr. McGowen is a F. & A. M. ; and politi- cally he is a Republican James McGuiRE, farmer, P. O. New Brighton, was born in this county in 1816, son of Hugh and Mary (Dougherty) McGuire, latter a daughter of Edward Dougherty. They had sixteen children, of whom James is the fourth child, and the eldest now liv- ing. James McGuire, grandfather of our subject, came from Ireland in 1789, and located in Chester county, Pa., where he remained ten years. Coming to Beaver county in 1799, he purchased 400 acres of land in New Sewickley township, where he resided until his death. James, our subject, was born and reared on the farm, receiving his education in the common school and academy, and at the age of eighteen he left 790 HISTOKY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. school to engage in business. After three years spent in clerking he turned his aAten- tion to agriculture and purchased his present farm, which is a part of the tract origin- ally bought by his grandfather. He owns 120 acres, including some mineral lands. ^ Mr. McGuire married, in 1840, Abby, daughter of Michael and Mary (O'Brien) Con- way, and they had six children, five of whom are living: Hugh C, Michael, Joanna, Eliza Ann and Abby Alice. The mother died in 1882. Mr . McGuire has allways been a prominent Democrat; he is a member of the Catholic church. W. J. McKeb, dealer in staple and fancy groceries, New Brighton, was born in Allegheny county, Pa., in 1843, being the eldest of the three children of Wilham and Jane (Rea) McKee. He received a common-school education, and during boyhood learned the grocery business. From 1857 to 1874 he was engaged in railroading (in 1868 and the following six years in Beaver county), and then embarked in his present busi- ness in New Brighton. He was married, in 1868, to Myra, daughter of J. E. Sharrer, of New Brighton, and four children have blessed them: Nettie, William, Nellie and Hazel, all at home. Mr. McKee is a F. & A. M. and a member of the K. of P. ; he is an adherent of the United Presbyterian church; in politics a Kepublican. Frank W. McKim, farmer, P. O. North Sewickley, was born in Big Beaver town- ship, this county, Feb 28, 1834, a sou of William and Margaret Gilkey, natives of Bur- gettstown. Pa., and of Beaver county, and born in May, 1797, and Sept. 6, 1806, respect- ively. His grandfather, James McKim, a native of Ireland, came to America before the revolution, and with his brother John, served seven years and three months in that struggle, being members of Washington's body guard. Our subject received his educa- tion in Big Beaver township, and remained at home until his father's death, July 5, 1858. He married, Sept. 33, 1859, Martha Miller, who was born in Big Beaver township, Jan. 25, 1834, a daughter of William and Margaret (Crawford) Miller. Mrs. McKim died March 5, 1860, and Nov. 17, 1864, our subject was united in inarriage with Margaret Campbell, a native of Big Beaver township, born Jan. 29, 1843, a daughter of James and Rebecca (Morrow) Campbell, also natives of Lawrence county, Pa. After his father's death, his mother made her home with him until her death, Sept. 15, 1878. By his second marriage, Mr. McKim is the father of eleven children: Ella Rebecca, William J., Mattie Jane, Charles M., Robert L., John G., Frank C, Mary A., Samuel P., Wil- bert Calvin and Margaret MadessA (twins), all at home, also Maggie S. McKim, whom they have reared since she was two years old . In January, 1865, Mr. McKim bought his present farm and moved thereon in March following, but Aug. 3, 1871, his house was burned with half its contents. He is a Republican, and has served as school direc- tor and assessor. He has been general appraiser for the Brush Creek Protective Associa- tion since January, 1881, and has secured $400,000 worth of property for the Associa- tien. He and Mrs. McKim are members of the United Presbyterian church. Joseph JIcKnight, of the firm of J. ilcKnight & Son, Rochester Foundry, manu- facturers of the improved Howard, Servant, Prize, Star and Veto cook stoves, hollow- ware and castings, was born in Washington county, Feb. 5, 1826. His parents, Robert McKnight, who was all his life a farmer, and Sarah (Willison) McKnight, were natives of Pennsylvania and of English and Irish descent. Joseph was reared on the farm, at- tended the common schools, and learned the miller's trade, which he followed for over thirty years. He conducted a mill at New Galilee, Beaver county, for eleven years; in 1876 he sold out and farmed until 1880, when he sold his farm. In 1883 he embarked in his present business. He was married, in 1855, to Mary, daughter of James Clark, of Irish descent, and their children are Kate, wife of James Freed; W. J., in business with his father; Anna, wife of John Sparks; Maggie, wife of James Gaston; Nettie and Myrtle. :Mr. McKnight is a Democrat in politics. He enlisted in 1863, in Company 0, 104th O. V. I., and was under General Sherman. Rev. D. II. A. McLean, D.D., Rochester, was born in Crawford county. Pa., April 5, 1816. and is a son of Rev, Daniel and Mary (Glover) McLean. His father was an Associate Presbyterian minister, and preached for over half a century In Crawford county. Pa. He died June 5, 1855, in the same county where he had labored so long and BIOGRAPHIES —EAST SIDE. 791 SO well. His widow died five years later, in Erie county. Of their family of nine chil- dren four are now living. Our subject entered the ministry early in life. May 12, 1843, he was married to Elizabeth, daughter of Andrew and Eliza (Brown) Patterson, and born Dec. 9, 1831, in Mercer, Mercer county. Pa. Their children are Dr. E. P., a practicing physician in Virginia; Mary E., wife of Dr. J. E. Libbey, of Pittsburgh; Daniel B. ; Ella I.; and Margaretta G., wife of A. S. Lewis, of near Xenia, Ohio. Our subject g^aduated from Jefferson College in 1836. He also took a regular theological course, and Tfeceived his first license to preach in 1840, and took charge of the Mercer and Greenville congregations in 1841, which he served jointly four years, remaining in charge of the Greenville congregation for elevenyears. In 1853 he accepted a professor- ship in Westminster College, Lawrence county. Pa. In 1856 he was elected principal of Pittsburgh High Scliool, and resigned in the fall of 1859. In 1858 he became joint proprietor and editor of the United Presbyterian, of Pittsburgh, and four years after sold his interest in that paper. In 1861 he was pastor of Beaver and Four Mile congre- gations, and continued as pastor of Beaver congregation until 1868. In 1867 he took charge of Beaver Ladies' Seminary, continuing the charge over six years. Since then he has resided for several years in Allegheny county, teaching and preaching. In 1882 he came to Rochester township, Beaver county, ta. He still continues to preach in vacant congregations, under appointment of his Presbytery. R. H. McPiiKRSON, contractor and builder, New Brighton, is of Scotch-Irish ex- traction, born in this county in 1839, third son of Reuben (a farmer) and Elizabeth (Greer) McPherson, parents of six children. He was reared on the farm until his eighteenth year, and then taught school and studied at Mount Union College. In 1862 he enlisted in Battery G (Younir's), Pittsburgh Artillery, stationed at Ft. Delaware, and served until the close of 1865. On his return home he took up carpentering, which he had partially learned before enlisting, and for ten years was engaged in the planing mill business under the firm name of McPherson & McLean, but has since been a contractor and builder. Mr. McPherson married, in 1865, Margaretta J., daughter of Mathew H. and Harriet Hamilton, and by her has six children: Lizzie Greer, Anna May, Hattie Gertrude, Elmer Elsworth, Ira Hamilton and "Winnie Leona. Mr. McPherson is a member of the A. O. U. W., K. of P.andE. A.U. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church; in politics a Republican. J. C. Mc Williams, butcher, Rochester, was born in Washington county, Ohio, May 23, 1838, a son of James and Deborah (Caldwell) McWilliams, natives of Fayette county, Pa., and of Scotch-Irish descent. James McWilliams, a dealer in leaf tobacco for many years, was twice married, and became the father of eight children. J. C, the eldest child by the second marriage, was reared in Washington county, Ohio, attended the schools of his native district, and early in life learned the butchering trade, to which he has since given his attention. For a short time after completing his trade he worked for other parties, but in 1873 established himself in business in Washington county, Ohio. In 1874 he came to Rochester, and established his present business. He was married, Aug. 7, 1860, in Washington county, Ohio, to Miss S. A. Vansant, a native of that county, and of German descent. They have six children: Eva L., Lillie, Sarah, Edith, Mary and Ross Vansant. Mr. and Mrs. McWilliams are members of the Pres- byterian church, and he is chairman of the board of trustees. In politics he is a Democrat. David Magaw, owner and proprietor of the "Park Hotel," New Brighton, was born in North Sewickley township, this county, in 1820. and is the youngest surviving child of James and Eunice (Dye) Magaw, parents of twelve children (seven sons and five daughters), two now living. James was a shoemaker, and later in life followed farming. David was reared on the home farm until he was twenty-one; he received a good school training, and for fourteen years was engaged in teaching, chiefly during winters. In 1850 he embarked in a general merchandise business in New Brighton, which he carried on three years; then for six years was in the lumber business, and the following two years, was railroad division superintendent. In 1863 he took charge of Y92 HISTOEY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. thehotel then known as the " Keystone Hotel " but later as " Park Hotel." Hemarried, in 1856, Elvira D. , daughter of John Braden, of this county, and three children were horn to them: James A., John M. and David. The mother and two sons, James A. and David, died in 1860. Mr. Magawhas been a member of the town Council several years. In politics he is a Republican. Stuart Magbb, merchant, New Brighton, was born in Ireland in 1837, and came to America in 1872. His parents were George and Jane Magee, to whom ten children were born, Stuart being the fourth child. His grandparents were Stuart and Nancy (Jackson) Magee, who had nine children, George being the second son. Our subject received a common-school education, and at fourteen years of age joined his father in the bleaching of linen. He was married, in 1876, to Lizzie, daughter of William Hardy, also a native of Ireland. For five years previous to Mr. Magee's emigration to Ameiica he served in the Royal Irish Constabulary. Soon after coming to this country he lo- cated in this town and during four years was employed in manufactories here and in Pittsburgh. In 3886 he started his present business. He is a member of the United Presbyterian church; politically a Prohibitionist. Abnek Majors, truckman and farmer, P. O. New Brighton, was born in this county, in 1837, to George and Martha (Mercer) Majors, who had six children, Abner being the eldest. His grandfather, Samuel, married Abigail West, and became the father of seven children, of whom George, the eldest, was a farmer, Abnerwasborn and reared on a farm, and for sixteen years has been engaged in farming and trucking. He married in 1857 Mary Ann, daughter of David Pane, and ten children were born to them, of whom eight are living: John, Henry, Emma (Mrs. Brewer), Alfred, Harley, Hugh, Cedar and Benjamin. Mr. Majors has 150 acres of land, and on this farm are four large fish ponds stocked with German carp. He finds a ready market for his pro- duce at Beaver Falls and New Brighton. In polities he is a Democrat. George W. Majors (deceased) was born in New Sewickley township, Beaver county, Pa., Nov. 29, 1855. His parents, Samuel and Ella Majors, were natives of Pennsyl- vania, and lived in Pulaski township. Beaver county, sixteen years; then moved to New Sewickley township, where Samuel died Dec. 30, 1883. His widow is still living. George W. was reared on a farm, was always engaged in agricultural pursuits, and owned forty acres of improved land. He acquired a common-school education in his native town- ship, and was a member of the Methodist Episcopal church and of the I. O. O. F. In politics he was a Democrat. James H. Mann, dealer in boots and shoes. New Brighton, was born in Mercer county. Pa., in 1840, and is the youngest survivor of the five children of James (a farmer) and Rebecca (Lindsay) Mann. James H. was brought up on a farm, on which he remained until eighteen years of age. He attended public school, and studied at Mt. Union College, Ohio, for several years. From 1864 to 1865 he served in the 6th Regi- ment, Pa., Heavy Artillery, and coming to New Brighton in the latter year found employment for one year as bookkeeper, then served as principal of North Sewickley Soldiers' Orphan School six months ; after which he established a boot and shoe business under a partnership, which was dissolved in the fall of 1873. Mr. Mann was then elected county treasurer, and at the expiration of his term embarked in the hardware business, continuing four years. During the next four years he was employed as book- keeper for Sherwood Bros., manufacturers of pottery, after which he began his present business. He married, in 1873, Sallie A., daughter of William H. Bebout, and six children were born to them, five now living: William Horace, Robert Stanley Quay, James Howard, Earl Cliflord, and an infant daughter. Mr. Mann is a member of the I. O. 0. F., the K. of P. and the A. O. U. W., and of the Methodist Episcopal church. In politics he is a Republican. James Manor, carpenter, P. 0. Freedom, was born in Virginia, Sept. 22 1836 a son of James and Elizabeth Manor, natives of Pennsylvania, and who departed this life in Beaver county, Mr. Manor in 1848, and his widow in 1862. They were the parents of eight children, four living. James Manor, our subject, was married twice- first in BIOGEAPHIES BAST SIDE. 793 1836 to Rhoda R. Phillips, daughter of "William Phillips. She became the mother of three children, and died Sept. 21, 1863, two of her children dying the same year. After her death he married Annie J. Sloan, who was born in Beaver county in 1826, a daugh- ter of Jackson Sloan. Alice A. , only daughter of Mr. Manor, is the wife of Albin H. Baldwin. Mr. Manor learned the ship carpenter's trade, and followed that and house building thirty-five years. He and his wife are members of the Presbyterian church, of which he has been an elder twenty years. David S. Marquis, M. D. David Marquis, the grandfather of Dr. Marquis, was at an early day one of the represeotative farmers of Washington county. Pa. He was the father of nine children, as follows: Joseph, William, Robert, Samuel, John, David, Ellen, iEartha and Eliza. David, of this number, was born in Washington county, and on becoming a master of the saddler's trade, removed to Beaver, and resided in that bor- ough until 1843, when the vicinity of Brighton became his home. There he spent the remainder of his life. He married Mary, daughter of James Moore, a lieutenant in the War of the Revolution. Their children were James (who died in the service during the Mexican war), Lydia (deceased wife of Dr. Chapman), David S., Milton M., Edwin (who fell a victim to the horrors of Andersonville prison during the Civil War), Albert, Addison, and Mary E. (deceased). David S. Marquis was born April 14, 1831, in Beaver, Beaver county, and received an academic education; after which he began the study of medicine with Drs. Oliver and Smith Cunningham, of Beaver, meanwhile attending two courses of lectures at the Ohio Medical College in Cincinnati, from which institution he was graduated in the class of 1845-46. He made Hookstown, Beaver county, the scene of his first professional labors, and three and a half years later removed to Freedom, in the same county, where he continued for ten years in practice. In 1859 Dr. Marquis came to Rochester, where he soon established himself as one of the suc- cessful physicians of the borough, with a correspondingly extended field of operations. He is a member of the Pennsylvania State Medical Society; of the American Medical Association; and of the Beaver County Medical Society, of which he is the president and the only surviving charter member. Apart from his membership in the Presbyterian church of Rochester, the Doctor is connected with no other organizations. Dr. Marquis was in May, 1847, married to Miss Emeline S., daughter of Jacob Jones, of Sharon, Pa. Their children were Benjamin Franklin (deceased), Addison (deceased), Mary Eliza (Mrs. A. M. Whistler, of New Brighton), Elizabeth A. (Mrs. William Bentley, of Parkersburg, W. Va.), and Lorena M. (Mrs. H. L. Umstead, of Indianapolis, Ind.). William H. Marshall was born in Brownsville, Pa. , Oct. 4, 1836. His parents, Henry and Mary (Rathmill) Marshall, came from Yorkshire, England, and settled in Brownsville, Pa., about 1830. W. H. Marshall is the third of a family of six sons, and spent his early life in Brownsville until he was about seventeen years of age, when he removed to Pittsburgh, Pa., and worked at the marble trade until he located in tlie mirble bmiuess in Rochester, at which he is still engaged. He was married, March 8, 1858, to Asenath J., daughter of Robert and Jane Wallace, of Pulaski township, Beaver county, and they have five sons and one daughter. John F. Martin, foreman of the Enterprise Pottery, New Brighton, was born in that town in 1860, to Ephraim and Mary (Collins) Martin, also of New Brighton and of American parentage. He received a common-school education, and from his seven- teenth year has been engaged in the pottery business, four years wilh the firm of which he is now foreman. He married in 1885, Violet, daughter of Joseph Knott, of this county. In politics Mr. Martin is a Democrat. J. D. Maktsolf, contractor and builder, New Brighton, was born in Butler county. Pa., in 1856, the fourth of nine children born to Frederick and Margaret (Miller) Martsolf. He received a common-school education, and at the age of eighteen learned the trade of a carpenter in the town of Butler, serving a three years' appren- ticeship, and working at the trade two years afterward. He came to Beaver county in 1878, and in 1883 formed a partnership with John Hatter, under the firm name of Martsolf & Hatter. In January, 1887, this partnership was dissolved, and the firm of T94: HISTORY OF BEAVER COUNTY. Martsolf &Bro., consisting of J. D. and John Martsolf, was formed. He was mar- ried in 1879 to Annie, dauglater of David Miller, of Beaver county, and by her had four children, one, David, now living. Mr. Martsolf purchased his present residence in New Brighton in 1886. He is a member of the K. of P., and of the Presbyterian church; politically he is a Republican. W. G.Mastbn, station agent, Rochester, was born in this county, Feb. 8, 1854, a son of Cornelius ami Hattie (Adams) Masten. His mother was born in Beaver-county, and Ms father in Kingston, N. Y., and are of Scotch and English descent. Cornelius was a telegraph operator in Rochester, and for many years clerk on a steamboat, but at present is a clerk in the Pennsylvania Railroad freight office at Rochester. W. G. is the eldest of eight children, and was reared in Bridgewater. Early in life he entered the employ of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company as a clerk, and has been with that company ever since. Since 1883 he has served as ticket and freight agent, and by care and prudence has eminently qualified himself for the railroad business. He mar- ried, in 1879, Miss Anna E. Neely, a lady of German descent, and they have three chil- dren; Rial, John and Hattie. Mr. and Mrs. Masten are members of the Lutheran church at Rochester. In politics he is a Democrat; he is a F. & A. M., a member of the I. O. O. F., and for five years has been collector for the Royal Arcanum. MA.THIA9 S. Mbcklem, Contractor and builder, Rochester, was born in Marion town- ship, this county. May 8, 1840, a son of William and Nancy (Strock) Mecklem, natives of Beaver county, the former born in 1808. His paternal and maternal grandfathers, Samuel Mecklem and Mathias Strock, who came to Beaver county about 1806, were both farmers, and were among the early German and Scotch settlers of Beaver county. Mathias S., the eldest of a family of seven children, attended the district school, and was with his parents on the farm until he reached his nineteenth year. He then learned the carpenter's trade, serving an apprenticeship of three years with Henry Alleman, and worked by the day for two years, but in 1864 comiuenced contracting and building. He married, March 7, 1862, Mary E., daughter of John and Ella (Wine) Hunter, who were early settlers here, of German and English descent. Mr. and Mrs. Mecklem have seven children; Nancy, wife of Charles Musser; Eliza, wife of Joseph Ecoff; William, Joseph and Sarah, twins; Rachel and Lester. Mr. Mecklem is a Democrat in politics; a member of the I. O. O. P. and of the K. of P. MiLLAKD P. Mecklem, attorney, Rochester, was born in Pittsburgh, Pa., Oct. 15, ISol, a son of Archibald and Margaret (Thompson) Mecklem, natives of Penn- sylvania and of Scotch-Irish origin. His father was a merchant, and carried on business in Pittsburgh until 1856, when he came to Darlington, this county, and remained until 1869, whence he moved to North Sewickley township, where he died in 1874. He had two daughters and three sons. Millar,! P., the second child and eldest son, was reared in Darlington, attending the common schools and the North Sewickley Academy, while the latter was yet under the principalship of Rev. Henry Webber. He taught school several terms, and then studied law in New Brighton, in the office of ex-president Judge Chamberlin and Mr. Pearsol. He was admitted to the Beaver county bar March 10, 1883, and has been engaged in the active practice of his profession since 1883, in Roch- ester. In politics he is a Republican, and in 1886 served as chairman of the Beaver county Republican committee. He was elected burgess of Rochester in 1883, and has been five times re elected to that office. He is a member and a trustee of the Rochester Baptist church. He was married, in 1881, to Ella, daughter of Robert and Eliza (Thompson) Jackson. She too is of Scotch-Irish origin. Her grandfather Jackson was a cousin to President Andrew Jackson. He settled upon a farm near Beaver Falls whence her father went, in about 1841, to North Sewickley township where she was born. Her grandfather and father were Democrats. She is a member of the Presby- terian church. Their children are Erie Homer, Norman Jackson, Ella and Marguerite. E. D. Mellon, oil refiner, P. 0. Freedom, was born in Pittsburgh Pa July 6 1858, a son of Patrick and Sarah J. (Kno.x) Mellon, natives of Ireland, who'came to America and were married in Pittsburgh, where they located until 1868 when they BIOGKAPHIES EAST SIDE. 795 moved to Beaver county and here have since resided. They were the parents of seven children, five living. E. D. married, Sept. 17, 1881, Nettie W. Gumming, who was born in Beaver county, March 2, 1863. Her parents, David and Sarah A. Gumming, were natives of Pennsylvania, and settled in Beaver county after they were married. David is deceased ; his widow is still living in Freedom. Mr. and Mrs. Mellon have had three children: Eugenia and Grace, living, and Helen, deceased. Mr. Mellon has been engaged in the oil business most of his life, and lias filled several borough oiBces. John Mbngkl, farmer, P. O. Freedom, was born in Germany, Aug. 5, 1830, a son of Peter and Elizabeth (Wagner) Mengel, who died in Germany. I'hey were the parents of six children, all living. John, the third child, immigrated to America in 1848; remained three months in New York, and then came to Freedom and has resided there and in New Sewickley township ever since. He was united in marriage. May 8, 1856, with Catherine E., daughter of John Harlmann (deceased). She was born in Pitts- burgh July 8, 1838, and is the mother of ten children, nine living: Maggie A. W., John A., Edward H., Lillie L. , George F., Cora A., Elmer J., Laura M. and Buretta C. Mr. Mengel learned the trade of shoemaking, which he followed twenty years in Freedom. He afterward bought seventy acres of land in New Sewickley township, where he now resides. The family are members of the German Lutheran church. Henry J. Metz, retired. New Brighton, was born in "Wilrtemberg, Germany, in 1811, to George M. and Margaret (Olnhausen) Metz, the former of whom was a farmer and for many years a justice of the peace. Henry J. was reared on the farm, and received a common-school education. He came to this country when twenty-one years of age, and shortly afterward located in Pittsburgh, where he followed butcheiing until 1856, in which year he came to Beaver county, and purchased 142 acres of land, which he farmed for fifteen years. In 1872 he moved to New Brighton, where he has since lived retired. He married, in 1839, Amelia, daughter of John Stann, of this county, and by her had thirteen children, seven yet living; Herman, George, Richard, Frank, Christ, Edward and Augustus. Our subject is a member of the town council; an adhe- rent of the Presbyterian church; in politics a Republican. William Miller, of the firm of Miller & Sons, proprietors of the Keystone plan- ing mill and box factory, and manufacturers and dealers in rough and dressed lumber, packing boxes, sash, doors, mouldings, etc., scroll sawing and turning, Rochester, was born in Beaver county, Feb. 19, 1835. His parents, John and Elizabeth Gripp) Miller, were natives of Germany, and came to America in 1834, settliDg in Beaver county. His father was a cooper by trade, but became a farmer after he came to Beaver county. William is the third in a family of six children. He was reared on a farm, attended the common schools in winter, and in his eighteenth year went to New Brighton and learned the carpenter's trade. After working as a journeyman for two yearshe engaged in con- tracting and building; came to Rochester in 1855, and in 1870 established his present business, employing about twenty men. He married, May 26, 1857, Catherine Holler- mann, who was born in Butler county. Pa., of German descent. They have seven chil- dren: John A., George W., Charles M., W. L., H. J., Maggie E. and Emma J. The eldest two sons are partners in the fiini of Miller it Sons. John, the eldest son, is taking an active interest in the new Pottery Works at Rochester, All the boys work in the Keystone factory. The family are members of the German Lutheran church, of which Mr. Miller has been a trustee. In politics he is a Republican. He is a charter member of the A. O. U. W. at Rochester. John A. Miller, secretary of the Rochesterlolleiy Ccmpary, was bom in Roches- ter, March 26, 1858, the eldest son of William and Catherine Miller. He was reared in Rocliester, receiving his schooling there and at Duffs Commercial College at Pitts- burgh, where he graduated in 1876. He worked in his father's planing mill, where an extensive business in contracting and manufactuiing wo( dvioik, ard dealing in lumber, is done, from 1883 until August, 1887, and has been a partner with his father. When the pottery company was organized he was elected secretary. He is a Republican in politics. He is a prominent member of the Masonic fralernily, having taken thirty-two 796 HISTOEY OF BEAVBE COUNTY. degrees io that order. He married, in 1880, Phcebe Cable, born in Rocliester, of Ger- man descent, daughter of J. H. Cable, a merchant. They have one child, Olive. Gbokgb H. Millek, farmer, P. O. Knob, w^as born in New Sewickley township, this county, Oct. 24, 1839, a son of John and Elizabeth Miller, natives of Germany. They came with their parents to America, settled in Beaver county and died on the farm where George H. now resides. The latter was married Aug. 18, 1863, to Matilda Phil- lips, who was born in Butler county. Pa., July 11, 1839, a daughter of George and Mary Phillips, natives of Germany, where they were married. They immigrated to America and settled in Butler county. Pa., but afterward moved to Beaver county, where they died. Mr. and Mrs. Miller have seven children living: Mary C, Wesley C, William H., Edward L., Emma E., George A. and Albert J. One daughter, Lizzie, is deceased. Mr. Miller has been engaged in farming all his life, and owns about 100 acres of land. He and Mrs. Miller are members of the Evangelical church . John Minbu was born in Onondaga county, N. Y., Aug. 27, 1806, the son of Amos and Phoebe Miner, both New Englanders, of English descent. His ancestor, Thomas Miner, came to New England in 1630. Mr. Miner received his education in the common schools of his native state. In 1826 he came to New Brighton, of which place he has ever since been a resident, and engaged in the manufacture of what were then called "patent buckets." He continued in that business nearly forty years, or till the close of the Civil War, when he retired from active business. During about twenty years he was the president of the Beaver County National Bank at New Brighton, and has been pres- ident of various other corporations. In 1833 he was married to Caroline, daughter of John Pugh, a prominent member of the Society of Friends. They had one daughter, Caroline, now the widow of Major David Critchlow. In 1835 he was married toMary Ann Pugh, and they had three children : J. F. , Henry (deceased) and Henrietta, now the widow of Dr. George W. Read. Her children are Harry M., Bessie F., Marion P., Emily H. , and George W . Read. Mrs. Critchlow's children are John Miner', Mary Emily, Edward Coe, Caroline Townsend (Whysall), Louis Warren, Helen, Charles Dilworth, and George Read Critchlow. J. P. Miner, county treasurer. New Brighton, was born in this county Dec. 21, 1837. His parents were John and Mary Ann (Pugh) Miner, natives of New York and Pennsylvania. He was reared in New Brighton, attended the schools of his native town, and embarked in the business of his father. He was afterward bookkeeper and teller in the National Bank at New Brighton, four years. From 1865 to 1884 he was engaged in the lumber business at New Brighton. In 1884 he was elected county treasurer, and has served one term of three years. In politics he is a Republican. He was married in New Brighton, May 20, 1862, to Emma, daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth (Pugh) Read, former of whom was a miller, and of English descent Theirunion has been blessed with three children: Elizabeth, John R. and Mary Ethel.' The family are members of the Presbyterian church. John Menke, cooper, P. O . Freedom, was born in Rosenthal, Germany Dec 31 1822, a son of Jacob Minke, who departed this life in Germany. John came to America in 1847, and was married in New York to Margretha Schleitcr, who was born in Ro- senthal, Germany, Nov. 10, 1838, and is the daughter of Johu Schleiter After mar- riage they removed to New London, Conn., and resided there four years durino- which time Mr. Minke went to California, and returned in 1852. He then moved to Pitts- burgh, Pa., and remained two years, when he came to New Sewickley township now St. Clan-, where he has resided ever since. He has four children- Mattie wife of Charles Bischofeberger; Mary, wife of Charles Mohr; Katie, wife of John Brandt- and August J. Mr. Minke has been a cooper all his life. He owns a nice property where he and his family reside. His son, August J., owns the Freedom Oil Works Mr and Mrs. Minke and their entire family are consistent members of the Lutheran Trinitv church. ■' C. O Mitchell, farmer, P. O. New Brighton, was born in Rochester township, this county, a son of David and Jane (Davidson) Mitchell, natives of Pennsylvania. BIOGEAPHIES — EAST SIDE. 797 David was born in this county in 1801, and was the son of Robert Mitchell, a farmer. Our subject's maternal grandfather, .James Davidson, was a soldier in the war of 1813. They were of Irish descent, and were among the early settlers and farmers of Beaver Creek, near New Brighton. C. 0. is the fifth of a family of eight children, four of whom are now living. He was reared on the farm, attended the common schools and Duff's Oommercial College at Pittsburgh, where he was graduated in 1876. He has made farming his business. He is a prominent member of the I. 0.0. F., and is past officer in both lodge and encampment. James S . Mitchell, carpenter and lumber dealer. New Brighton, was born in this county in 1847, a son of James W. and Mary J. (Neill) Mitchell; the former, a stone cutter, came from Allegheny county to this county in 1833. They had four sons and five daughters. The paternal grandfather, J. W. Mitchell, came from Scotland at an early day. James S. was reared in New Brighton, attended the public schools until seventeen years of age, and at nineteen learned the trade of carpenter, which he has since followed. He is now also engaged in the lumber business, as successor to Miner & Co., New Brighton. In 1864 he joined tlje 304th Pennsylvania Fifth Artil- lery, and served eleven months. He married, in 1868, L.. E., daughter of David John- son, of Fallston, this county, and four children have been born to them: Jennie M., Frederick S., David J. and Juliet. Mr. Mitchell was for seven years a member of the town council of New Brighton, but now resides at Beaver Falls, where he has been three years a member of the council. He is a member of the A. O. U. W., K. of P., I. O. O. F. and G. A. R., and an adherent of the Methodist church. Politically he is a Republican. John R. Mohlek, lumberman, P. O. Freedom, was born in Allegheny county. Pa., in 1834, a son of Samuel and Mary Mohler. Samuel, a native of Switzerland, emigrated to America in 1806, and first located in Pittsburgh, Pa. His wife was a native of Penn- sylvania, and after marriage they located in East Liberty, but in 1844 moved to Beaver county. They afterward went to Missouri, and finally to Oregon, where Samuel died in 1880, and where his widow still resides. They were the parents of four children, three of whom are living. John R., the eldest, was united in marriage, April 37, 1847, with Sarah A. Irwin, who was born in Beaver county. Pa., Aug. 14, 1827, a daughter of Thomas Irwin. Mr. and Mrs. Mohler are the parents of ten children, five living, one son and four daughters. They are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. Mr. Mohler is a member of the I. O. O. P. WiLLiAJi T. Mohler, liunberman, Freedom, is one of the enterprising business men of that place, a member of the firm of William T. Mohler & Co. He was born in Beaver county, Dec. 11, 1849, a son of John R. and Sarah A. Mohler, natives of Pennsylvania, where they were married, and have remained all their lives. They are the parents of ten children, five living. William T. was united in marriage, March 37, 1878, with Maggie E. Epple, who was born in Freedom, Pa., Dec. 28, 1844, a daughter of Lewis Epple (deceased). Mr. Mohler is a ship carpenter by trade, and engaged in lumbering in 1883. He and his wife are the parents of five children, two living: Elvernia M. and Ross C. He is a member of the I. O. O. F. Oliver Molter, proprietor of livery. New Brighton, was born in Beaver county. Pa.,, in 1841, the fourth son in the family of thirteen children born to J. C. and Fanny (Camp) Molter, the former a miner and brick maker. Oliver received a liberal educa- tion at public schooj and academy, finishing in his fifteenth year. In August, 1864, he enlisted in Company B, 204th regiment P. V. He has been twice married; on first occasion, in 1859, to Margaret Brown, who bore him four children — William, Frank, Nora and Ida — and died in 1871. The following year Mr. Molter married Ada Laney, by whom he has five children: James, Grace, Bird, Herbert and Ralph. Prom early age Mr. Molter was engaged in the coal business, and since 1865 has owned and operated coal mines. In 1878 he commenced his present livery business. He has been town councillor, school director and assessor, and president of the Beaver County Agricultural Society; he is a member of the A. O.'U. W., K. of P. and G. A. R.; he is a Republican 45 798 HISTORY OF BEAVER COUNTY. A. G. Moore, farmer, P. O. Bochester, was born in Pulaski township in 1859. There is probably not a more widely known family in Beaver county than that of the Moores. Samuel Moore came from "Westmoreland county to Beaver county at an early day; was a boat builder by trade, and married Nancy Reno, who bore him four chil- dren. His first wife dying, he married Hannah McCleary, to whom were born seven children. Alfred, a son of the first wife, was educated in the public schools, and, fol- lowing the ambitions of his father, from early life engaged in boating, and for many years was captain of several steamboat lines. He was thus engaged until 1855, when he purchased 150 acres of land in Pulaski township, where he lived until his death in 1875. He married Elizabeth E., daughter of James and Elizabeth Porter, of this county, and became the father of eight children, six of whom are now living. Alfred G., the third son and sixth child, was reared on the old farm, receiving a liberal education. In 1875 he went to California, where he remained until the following year. In 1881 he was mar- ried to Deborah, daughter of Oliver and Patience Houlette, of New Brighton, this county, and three children have been born to them; Linnie Z., Oliver H. and Mabel. The mother of our subject resides at Rochester, and is in her sixty-sixth year. The fam- ily are members of the M. E. and Episcopal churches. In politics Mr. Moore is a Repub- lican. DuNLOP MooRB, D.D., pastor of the First Presbyterian church, New Brighton, was born in Lurgan, County Armagh, Ireland, July 25, 1830, and is a son of Dunlop and Margaret Moore. He studied at Edinburgh and Belfast, and graduated in 1854. He was missionary of the Irish Presbyterian church to Gujurat, India, in 1855-67, and to the Jews in Vienna, Austria, in 1869-74. Since 1875 he has occupied his present pastoral position. He assisted in translating the Scriptures into the Gujurati language, composed treatises on Mohammedanism and Jainism, and edited a monthly periodical, Tlie Onyan- dipaka, in the same tongue. He also translated, with Dr. S. T. Lowrie, Nagelsbach's commentary on Isaiah in the American Lange series, and has contributed articles to vari- ous reviews The degree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred on him by "Washington and Jefferson College in 1877. He was married to Rosetta Anne Luis, in Hamburg, Ger- many, Aug. 30, 1870. Their children are Dunlop, John, Luis, William Hermann, Rosetta Anne and Alfred Kerr. James Moore, retired, P. 0. Baden, was born March 18, 1813, at Enniskillen, County Fermanagh, Ireland. His father, James, came to this country from County Derry, Ireland, in 1815, and landed in Baltimore, j\Id., where he remaintd three years in the furniture business, having learned the trade of a cabinet maker in London. After the war of 1812, business became so dull that he, imbued with the spirit that still rules, was prompted to " Go West," in the hope of greater success. He sold out his business and came to Pittsburgh in 1818, only to find trade as stagnant as he had experienced it in the East. No money being in circulation he was compelled to trade his wares for country produce and orders on stores for the necessities of life. The first actual silver money he received was for making the cofiSn for Commodore Barney, about one year after he removed from Baltimore. Tiring of this unsatisfactory and profitless way he purchased in 1822, from Mrs. McKean Buchanan, through Hon.'Trevanion B. Dallas a tract of 407 acres of land on the Ohio river, and now included within the boundaries of Baden borough, with the intention of engaging in agricultural pursuits, paying therefor $950.00, $500.00 of which sum was in furniture for Judge Dallas' wedding outfit He finally, in 1826, closed out his business and removed to his farm. In 1787 he married Mar- garet, daughter of James Porteus, also of County Fermanagh, Ireland and by her had ten children. He died at the age of ninety years and his wife at eighty-seven. James Moore, our subject, is the only child now living of this union, and is num- bered among the oldest and most respected citizens of Baden, or neighboring portion of the county. He was educated in the common pay schools of the period in Pittsburgh and at the age of sixteen years began to work at the pattern making trade, which he followed for thirty years as an exceptionally skilled s nd careful workman With laree Ideality and constructiveness, he manifested from early childhood considerable mechani- BIOGEAPIIIES EAST SIDE. 799 cal aud inventive genius, as his models of various creations of his brain, in the patent office, testify. When ten years old he made a paper row boat large enough to carry him, by pasting and varnishing successive layers of strips of paper over vifooden ribs and keel, an idea only recently patented and advantageously used by prominent scullers. When twelve years old, he made the patterns for the various parts, and completely fitted and set up a small brass steam engine and boiler, with only the limited inspection allowed a boy of the half dozen very crude steam engines then in Pittsburgh, as his guide or instructor in its construction . In 1834-35 he designed and made the patterns and shapes for the first locomotive built west of the Allegheny mountains, " 'I'he Moun- taineer," for use on the levels between the inclines in connection with the Pennsylvania canal ; and with the aid of Joseph Bridges and James Boustead, both now dead, fully and successfully constructed it. He married, in 1837, Harriett, daughter of Samuel Pierce, of England, who established the first steam marble cutting works west of the mountains. Four children were born to them: Margaret A. (now Mrs. R. C. Maches- ney), William H. (married to Adelia A. Duncan), Alciphron (nowMrs. W. S. Pier) and Charles P., who in infancy died with his mother in February, 1848. Mr. Moore for the past thirty years has lived with his son and daughters at Linmore, in Baden borough, upon the land purchased by his father two-thirds of a century ago, and where he in his boyhood days chased the deer, foxes, wild turkeys, etc. That disputed his title to what is now a portion of an almost continuous city from Pittsburgh to Beaver. Politically he has always been a Republican, and the esteem of his fellow citizens has manifested itself in his selection, by their votes, for the various offices of honor and trust in the borough . Wii.LLVM Moose, farmer and stookgrower, P. O. New Brighton, Pa., was born on Beaver Creek, in Rochester township, this county, Aug. 5, 1805, and is a son of James Moore, who was of Ssotch-Irish descent and a soldier in the Revolutionary War; he was a lieutenant under General Washington; was wounded, and carried a ball for many years in his right shoulder; he was a farmer. by occupation and settled in Roches- ter township in 1794, on Beaver Creek; his log house, being the first erected in this part of the county, was regarded by the Indians as an encroachment on their rights, and it was necessary for him to have a man to stand on guard while he was at work. William is the only survivor of a family of ten children. He has been twice married, and by his first wife, who died in 1828, had two children. He was again married, March 26, 1838, to EKzabeth, daughter of Solomon and Susannah (Vinks) Lightfoot. Solomon Light- foot was born March 2, 1783, in Maryland, and died April 1, 1861; his wife, also a native of Maryland, was born Feb. 5, 1792, and died Nov. 2, 1858. The marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Moore was blessed with seven children, sixnow living: David J., in Cal- ifornia; Isabella, wife of J. Donaghy, of Brooklyn, N. Y., a landscape and portrait painter, with office in New York City; Susannah, wife of Jackson Bebout, a railroad conductor; (Jelesta, wife of Addison Sloan; Isphene H., wife of J. W. Nippert; Clara, wife of Joseph J. Snellenburg; and William C. Mrs. Moore is a member of the Methodist church. In politics Mr. Moore is a Democrat. J. P. Moore, druggist, Rochester, was born Feb. 10, 1857, a son of Alfred and Eliza (Porter) Moore, natives of Pennsylvania, and of English and Irish descent. Alfred, a steamboat pilot for many years on the Ohio river, was the father of six children, and died in 1885. The paternal and maternal ancestors of J. P. were among the early set- tlers of Beaver county. James Moore, his great-grandfather, went from Beaver county to the war of 1812, and his name is prominently mentioned in the United States History for gallant conduct in that war. Samuel Moore, grandfather of J. P., was a farmer, and settled here before the town of Rochester was thought of, and shot wild deer where is now the center of the borough. He died in Rochester, in 1888, nearly one hundred years old . J . P. , the fourth child, was reared in Beaver county, attended the seminary at New Brighton for two years, and subsequently Beaver College. At the age of fifteen he commenced the study of pharmacy, entered a store in Pittsburgh, Pa., and clerked there until 1885, when he established his present business. He is a member of the I. O. O. F. and the A. M., of Rochester. He traveled in the West for two years, and visited nearly all the states and territories. 800 HISTOBY OF BEAVEE COtTNTY. W. J. Morgan, farmer, P. O. Knob, was born in Beaver county, on the farm where he now resides June 28, 1849. His parents, Lyghtle and Susanna Morgan, were natives of Pennsylvania, and after marriage settled on the farm where W. J. was born There Lyghtle died; his widow is living in Freedom. W. J. was married in Septeniber 1871 to Kate Eisenbrann, who was born in Beaver county, June 30, 1849, a daughter of Daniel and Barbara Eisenbrann of this county. She is the mother of nine children eight of whom are living: Ira, Crawford, Maud, Charlie James, Herby, CaHie, Stephen. SaviUa is deceased. Mr. Morgan has been engaged in farming all his life, and owns seventy-six acres of improved land. He and his wife are members of the Pres- byterian church . He holds the office of school director. William S. Moelan, attorney at law, P. O. New Brighton, was born m Fallston this county, in 1828, the fourth son of Richard and Mary (Erwm) Morlan ^ho had seven sons, six of whom grew to maturity. Stephen Morlan, grandfather of William, had six sons and two daughters, Richard being among the juniors; he came from Vir- ginia to this county in 1825, and was here engaged in the manufacturing of linseed oils; also erected a gristmill in Fallston; and died at the age of seventy-six years. Will- iam S received a public-school education, and learned the trades of blacksmithing and coachsmithing, which he followed for about ten years; then commenced the study of law was admitted to the bar in 1857, and has since continued in practice. He enlisted, in 1861, in Company F, 101st Regiment, P. V., and served three and one-half years, finally becoming sergeant, He was a prisoner for about eight months at Plymouth, N. C, and at Andersonville. In 1853, he married Elizabeth Wilson, by whom he had four children, three of whom are living: Carrie (Mrs. Milligan), Marion (a teacher in Ohio) and Alice (an artist in New York City). The mother of this family died and Mr. Mor- lan afterward married Emma Young. In politics he is Independent. Andrew Morrow, conductor. New Brighton, was born in this county in 1829. His parents, John and Elizabeth (Moore) Morrow, had five children, of Vhom Andrew is the eldest. Charles and Rebecca (Moore) Morrow, grandparents of Andrew, came from Irelar-.d and settled early in this country. Charles was a tailor by trade, and received a common-school education. Andrew was born and reared on his grandfather's farm, where he remained until eighteen years of age. He was engaged at different pursuits until 1852, when he commenced railroading. He now holds the position of conductor on the P., Ft. W. & C. Ry., in which capacity he has served for twenty- seven years. He was married, in 1853, to Mary, daughter of R. B. and Mary (Gillmore) Evans, and they have had four children, two of whom are living: Louie F., now dispatcher in the superintendent's office of the P., Ft. W. & C. Ry., at Pittsburgh, and Vesta at home. Mr. Morrow is a F. & A. M., politically a Republican. TnoJiAS Muse, steamboat captain and pilot, Rochester, is a native of England, born July 12, 1823. He is a son of Thon;as and Hannah (Brown) Muse, the former a miller. His parents were born in England, came to Pennsylvania and settled at Potts- ville. They had eight children, Thomas, the third cliild was reared in Allegheny county, where he attended the common schools. Early in life he went on the Ohio and has served in almost every capacity since the time that the boats were floated down the river and pushed or pulled up by liand. He has witnessed all llie changes and progress made in boating, and has himself done much for the advance rcent in metlicds. Be Las owned and managed boats, and has successfully made his own way in the world. He has resided in Rochester since 1870. Mr. Muse was married in 1845 to Sarah, daughter of John Danks, and a native of Pennsylvania, of English descent. Mr. and Mrs. Muse have been blessed with three children: Homer, a pilot; Jennie and Charles, the latter a student at Ada, Ohio. The captain and wife are members of the Methodist church at Rochester. Thomas Nannah, farmer, P. O. Rochester, was born in Rochester, Pa., June 8, 1881, and is a son of Reese and Sarah (Bell) Nannah, natives respectively of New Jer- sey and Beaver county. They were married in Beaver county and lived here until the death of Reese. His widow resides in Rochester. Thomas was married, Aug. 28, 1855,- BIOGRAPHIES EAST SIDE, 801 f to Elizabeth Musser, wlio was born in New Sewickley townsliip Nov. 8, 1835, a daughter of Abraham and Matilda Musser, natives of Pennsylvania. Abraham is deceased- his widow resides with her son-in-law. Mr. and Mrs. Nannah are tlie parents of four children: Electia M,, Ada A. and Joe M., living, and Frank S., deceased. Mr. Nannah was a pilot on the Ohio river about thirty five years, but left the river in 1877, and since that time has been farming. Mrs. Nannah is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. In politics Mr. Nannah is a Democrat. W. J. Nannah, undertaker, P. O. New Brighton, was born in this county in 1837, the second child and eldest son of Jesse and Catherine (Javens) Nannah. Reese Nannah, father of Jesse, and a native of Scotland, came to the United States with a brother in early times, and soon after arriving located in Beaver county. W. J. Nan- nah attended the common schools, and at the age of sixteen joined his father who was a pilot on tlie Ohio river and followed that vocation until 1864. He alfo learned the painter's trade, which he carried on twelve years, aud in 1881 embarked in his present business. He married, in 1863, Alice, daughter of Robert Jad-scB, of E(f,M^) (oi rty, and to them have been born two children: Fred J. and Lula C. Mr. Nannah is a mem- ber of the I. O. O. F., K. of P. and A. O. U. W. He attends the service of the Presbyterian church; in politics he is a Democrat. H. J. Neelt, physician, P. O. Brush Creek, was born in Allegheny county. Pa. Oct. 24, 1851, a son of William and Margaret M. R. (Brewerman) Neely, natives of Pennsylvania. Mrs. Margaret Neely died in 1866, and Mr. Neely afterward married Mary A. Philips. H. J. Neely was married, May 11, 1882, to Frances M. Philips, born in Butler county. Pa., Nov. 11, 1860, a daughter of John and Sarah (Miller) Philips, natives of Pennsylvania, the former deceased. Mrs. Neely is the mother of one child' Sebertius O., born April 9, 1883. Mr. Neely began the study of medicine in 1878, and was graduated from the Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia, in 1881. He located in Unionville, Beaver county, Pa., where he has been engaged in practice ever since. He and his wife are members of the Baptist church. He is a member of the I. . O . F. • in politics he is a Democrat. ' Joseph A. Nelson, tax collector, Rochester, was born in West Greenville, Mercer county. Pa., Feb. 22, 1839, a son of John and Nancy (Carman) Nelson, natives of Penn- sylvania and Delaware, respectively, the father of Scotch descent. John Nelson, who was a silversmith, came to Rochester in 1852, and carried on business there until his death . Joseph A. learned the silversmith's trade in Rochester, where he was reared and attended the common schools and the Academy at Beaver. He then went to the Ohio river as steward on a steamboat, where he remained for twelve years, and subsequently engaged for a time in packing medicine for Dr. Shallenberger, of Rochester. He enlisted Aug. 21, 1861, in Company C, 63d P. V. I., and served three years. He is a Republican, and served three terms as assessor; also several terms as tax collector. He was married, in 1879, to Catherine Marsh, a native of New York state. She is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. He is a Baptist, and is secretary and treasurer of the Sabbath-school. He is a member of the G. A. R. John R. Niblo, bookkeeper and general manager for L. H. Oatman, lumber mer- chant and manufacturer of woodwork, Rochester, was born in Beaver county, Sept. 8, 1840, a son of John R. and Mary (Small) Niblo. His maternal grandfather, John Small, who came to Beaver county about 1800, was a farmer, and served in the war of 1812. His paternal grandfather, John R. Niblo, came from Ireland to Beaver county, and was a farmer in Brighton township. His two sons, our subject's father and his brother, Alexander R. Niblo, were printers by trade, and among the first to publish a paper in Beaver county. Pa., called the Aurora. Their circulation was very limited, for the county was sparsely settled. Our subject's father died in 1842. He had three children. John R. , the second child, was reared in Vanport, Pa., attended the district school and the old academy at Beaver. His first business was teaching school, which he followed for twelve years. He has held his present position since 1883. He married, in 1861, Millicent J., daughter of James Worrick, a prominent farmer in Beaver county. She is 802 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. of English descent. Tirey have one child, Lizzie. Mr. and Mrs. Niblo are members of the Methodist Episcopal church, in which he has served as trustee, steward and class leader, and assistant isabbath-school superintendent. He has served eight years as sec- retary of the K. of P., and a member of the A. M. and the T. of H. John Noonbn, farmer, P. O. Rochester, was born on the farm where he now resides, in New Sjwickley township, March 6, 1838. His parents, Martin and Mary (Kline) Noonen, were natives of New York, where they were married and first located. They afterward moved to Erie, Pa. , thence to Bochester, and finally located on the farm where their son John now resides. The latter was married, April 16, 1874, to Margaret Musgrave, who was born in Beaver county. Pa., Oct. 19, 1843, and is a daugh- ter of James and Margaret (Hendrickson) Musgrave, the former born in England, and the latter in America. They were married in Pennsylvania, and settled in Beaver county. The mother is deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Noonen have one child, Charles E , born Feb. 9, 1875. Mr. Noonen learned the blacksmith's trade, which he has followed twenty-eight years, being also engaged in farming. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. In politics he is a Democrat. Michael Pier50l Nye, civil engineer, P. O., Fombell, was born in January, 1836, at Unionville, Pa., a son of Samson S. and Ruth (Piersol) Nye, natives of Ohio and of Marion township, this county. He began teaching in 1853, and has taught every winter but two since, having received his education at North Scwickley Academy and at a branch of Pennsylvania "University at Zelienople, and was a classmate of the presi- dent of Thiel College at Greenville, Pa. From 1857 to 1860 he was principal of Web- ster High School at Portsmouth, Ohio. In 1862 he married Hattie Hartzel, daughter of George and Charlotte (Stamm) Hartzel, who were natives of Bucks county. Pa, Nine children have been the fruits of this union, as follows: Ruth (now Mrs. Frederick Twentier), Charlotte, King, George, Benjamin, Fred, Joseph, Richard and Peire. L. H. Oatman, dealer in and manufacturer of lumber and all kinds of woodwork, also contractor and builder, P. O. Rochester, was born June 36, 1826. His parents, Arnold and Abigail (Hays) Oatman, were natives of Vermont and Connecticut, respect- ively, and of English and German descent. His lather, a carpenter, contractor and millwright, had a family of six children, of whom L. H. is the fifth, and the only son living. He was reared in Connecticut, worked in a sawmill in early life, and at the age of twenty set out for himself. He took up the painter's trade, and worked at house and sign painting for ten years. Pie then built a sawmill in Beaver county, which he conducted for three years. In 1861 he embarked in his present business at Rochester, and has met with uniform success. He married, in 1844, Eliza, daughter of Martin Noonen, and born in the State of New York, of German origin. They have three chil- dren: Lewis, Ai-nold and, Minnie. They attend the Episcopal church. In politics Mr. Oatman is a Democrat, and has served as a member of the council of Rochester. He has traveled extensively in the United States. In 1885 he built the Ellis Hotel at Conneaut Lake, Crawford county. Pa., of which he is still the owner. Chakles "W. Palmee, real estate agent, P. O. New Brighton, was born in Fayette county in 1847, a son of Rev. Henry Palmer, now a minister in Beaver Falls. Mr. Palm- er received a liberal education in youth, and has since early life led an active business career. He married, in 1837, Miggie, daughter of William and Blizabet i Geddes, of Scotland. They have had five children, only two of whom are now living: William and Charles. Mr. Palmer was for many years employed as baggage master of the Pitts- burgh & Fort Wayne Railroad. He served in the Civil War in Company B, 58th Regi- ment, P. V. I., and enlisted in the 112th or 2d Cavalry. He was actively engaged in the battles of the Wilderness and Cold Harbor. He'is a member of the Methodist church; in politics he is a Republican. Jacob Panner, farmer, P. O. Knob, was born in Germany, Dec!* 13, 1825. His parents, Henry J. and Elizabeth Panner, immigrated to America in 1837, and settled in Pittsburgh, where they lived many years. The father died in that city and the mother in this county. Jacob Panner was married, June 27, 1847, to Mary, daughter of John BIOGRAPHIES — EAST SIDE. 803 and Catherine Mink, who came from Germany in 1834:' They first settled in Baltimore, Md., afterward moving to Pittsburgh, and thence to Beaver county, where they died. Mrs. Fanner was born in Germany June 25, 1835. She has an adopted child, Jacob H. who married and has two children. Mr. Fanner owns 121 acres of land. He and his wife belong to the English-Lutheran church. James I. Farks, lumber dealer, F. O. Freedom, was born in Allegheny county. Pa., June 8, 1830, a son of David and Anna (.Hamilton) Farks, natives of Allegheny county, where they were married, settled and remained there until 1845, when they moved to Beaver county, and remained there until their deaths. They were the parents of eight children, six living. James I., the eldest, was married first to Emeline McDon- ald, who bore him four children: W. A , John H., Anna V. and George J. After her death he was united in marriage with Mary, daughter, of Samuel Dean, and born in Beaver county; she is the mother of two children:' Mabel Dean and Nellie Duff. Mr. Parks is a carpenter by trade, and has been engaged in the lumber business for thirty years. He owns a valuable farm in this county. Simon C. Phillips, farmer, F. O. Knob, was born in Germany, June 24, 1836, a son of George and Mary 0. Phillips, who came to America in 1837, and settled on the farm where Simon C. nowresides. Both died here. Simon 0. was married, Jan. 27, 1859, to Elizabeth Miller, who was born in Beaver county Aug. 8, 1841, n, daughter of John and Elizabeth Miller, natives of Germany, both of whom died in this county. Mrs Phil- lips is the mother of four children: Henrietta, William H., George L. and Catherine E. Mr. Phillips has been a farmer most of his life, and owns eighty-one acres of improved land. He and Mrs. Phillips are consistent members of the Methodist Episcopal church. Henry Phillis, retired farmer, Beaver Palls, was born in Independent town- ship, this county. Aug. 27, 1814, a son of Joseph and Elizabeth (Covi en) Phillis. Joseph was a wheelwright early in life, but later became a farmer, and had a family of six sons and six daughters. Henry, the eldest son, was born and reared on the farm, and learned a trade which he followed one year. He then bought a farm in Moon township, where he lived eight years, at the expiration of which time he came to Pulaski township, purchased eighty acres of land, and resided on a farm belonging to his wife until 1886, when he purchased property and moved to Beaver Falls. He was married, in 1843, to Malinda. daughter of Francis Alcorn. Five daughters and one son have been born to them: Elizabeth, Rebecca (Mrs. Stewart), Euphemia (Mrs. Allen, deceased), Alice, Malinda (deceased) and William H. Mr. Phillis has been a prominent citizen, and has held numerous positions of trust, and has, as executor and administrator, settled several estates. For thirty years he has been an elder in the Presbyterian church at New Brigh- ton. In his political preferences he is a Republican. His grandfather, Joseph Phillis, came from Kentucky opposite Cincinnati, about 1777, and settled in Washington county, where he purchased 300 acres of land, and followed farming and stock raising, being one of the first setllers in that part of Pennsylvania. He had seven sons and four daughters, Joseph, father of Henry, being his fourth child. Joseph Pollock, dealer in hosiery, notions and household goods. New Brighton, was born in Mercer county. Pa., eldest son of David and Isabella (McColl) Pollock. He was educated at the common schools, and when nineteen years of age learned carriage building, which trade he followed for several years, seven in Beaver county, whither he had come in 1876. He enlisted, April 25, 1861, in Company H, 7th Ohio Infantry, served three years and three months, and participated in some of the most memorable battles of the war. In 1864 he married Mrs. Esther Bogardus, who bore him two children : Emma, and Nellie. After her death he married, in 1878, Lizzie Tobin, who blessed him with three children: Edwin, Willis and Laura Bell. Mr. Pollock commenced in his present business in 1884. He is a member of the Baptist church; in politics a Republican. John B. Pokteb, farmer, P.O. Rochester, was born in New Sewickley township, this county, Jan. 1, 1831. His parents, John and Nancy (Sharp) Porter, natives of Ire- land, came to Beaver county in 1797. His grandfather, Edward Porter, a farmer, set- tled in this county. John Porter, a farmer, lived to be seventy years old, and had ten 804 HISTOEY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. children, all of whom lived to maturity. John B., the sixth child, was educated in the old log school-house He has been a farmer all his life, and now owns a well-improved farm and dairy in connection, known as the Rochester dairy. He was married, first in 1853, to Martha Ellen, daughter of James Prentice, a prominent farmer of Beaver county. She was of Scotch descent, and died in 1873. Of their eight children only four are now living. Mr. Porter next married, in 1884, N. M., daughter of James Young. They have one child, Mabel Nell. Mr. and Mrs. Porter are members of the United Presbyterian church ; in politics he is a Republican . Joseph Powbll, farmer, P. . Knob, was born in Beaver county May 14, 1830. His parents, Henry and Sarah Powell, were natives of Pennsylvania and settled after their marriage in Beaver county, where they died. Joseph was married, first May 10, 1853, to Margaret, daughter of Joseph and Jeannette Zahler, both deceased. She was born in Beaver county, and died in 1866. They had six children, three of whom are living: Sarah J., Amelia and Charles S. In 1869, Mr. Powell was married to Anna Deemer, who was born in Butler county, Pa., a daughter of John and Fannie Deemer, both deceased. By this marriage were three children, two living: Ida E. and Edmund H. Mr. Powell has been a farmer most of his life, and owns fifty-nine acres of improv- ed land. He and his wife are members of the Lutheran church. General Thomas J. Powek, of Rochester, was born in Beaver county July 7, 1808,. a son of Samuel and Elizabeth (Penny) Power, natives, respectively, of Loudoun county, Va., and New Jersey, and of Scotch-Irish descent. Samuel Power came to what is now Beaver county in 1796, and settled where is now the county seat. He was a farmer, and took care to have his children taught the English language. He was elected sheriff of Beaver county in 18C9; served as a member of the legislature, also as adjutant-general of the state. In later life he was a merchant at I'reedom, where he died. Thomas J., the fifth of ten children, was reared in Beaver county, is a civil engineer by profession, and has spent twenty-seven years of his life on public woiks. He also served one term as adjutant-general of the state. He was married, in 1832, to Mary Ann, daughter of Samuel Johnson. Her father built the first house in Beaver, Pa. They were of Scotch-Irish descent. General Power and wife have six children living. In politics he is a Republican. Evan Pdgh and John Pugh, sons of Jonathan and Naomi Pugh, of Pughtown, Chester county. Pa., and their wives, Lydiaand Sarah, who were daughters of broth- ers by the name of Townsend, came to Beaver county in May, 1804, and settled at the lower falls of Beaver, now known as Fallston. Soon after their arrival they erected a flouring mill (both being practical millers), which they continued to operate for many years, when Evan withdrew from the business, and John continued until the year 1858, when he rented to another party, and on the morning of the 5th of .luly of that year, the mill was totally destroyed by fire together with all its contents. It is proper, how- ever, to state that a large and very substantial four-story brick and stone building, with four run of stones had taken the place of the original frame building. During the existence of the mills very many thousand barrels of flour were made therein, which found a market in Philadelphia, Pittsburgh and southern cities, but chiefly in the two first named places. A very large amount of custom or "grist" work was also done, it being almost the only mill for many miles in either direction that could be relied upon during the dry season. It was no uncommon thing for grist work to come the distance of fifteen to thirty miles, and often customers had to wait two and sometimes three days for their grinding. In addition to the street being filled with wagons, etc., might also be seen from three to five canoes in the creek, from the Ohio river nearly as far up as Pittsburgh. This only occurred during thp dry period in the summer and fall. The brothers Evan and John were also engaged in wool carding and cloth dress- ing for several years, also in the manufacturing of cotton yarn, the style of the latter firm being Pugh, Wilson & Co. In connection with the mills was a store of general merchandise. They were also at one time connected with Talbot Townsend in the manufacture of salt on Yellow Creek, in Jefferson county, Ohio; and in boring two or BIOGRAPHIES EAST SIDE. 805 more wells for salt on " Hollow Rock Run," near to the aforesaid place. After many attempts and ultimate failure to obtain salt water in sufficient quantity at the latter wells, the company erected a building in which they made linseed oil and did wool carding for a few years. In February, 1833, there was an unprecedented flood in the Ohio river, and the village of Fallston suffered to such an extent as to cause Evan to seek higher ground for a home. He therefore built a residence on the east side of the Beaver creek, in New Brighton, to which he removed the same year. In May, 1837, his wife (Lydia) died, being in the sixty-seventh year of her age, and he (Evan) died in July, 1841, in his seventy-sixth year. They died without issue. Sarah, wife of John, died in 1836, in her fiftieth year, and he afterward married Ann Peck (widow), of Bal- timore. About 1836 he built a residence in New Brighton, to which he removed and occupied to the time of his death, which occurred in May, 1860, being nearly eighty-one years of age. He was president of the Branch bank of the United States, at one time located in New Brighton, and continued as such until the institution wound up its affairs by appointing trustees. Soon after the death of John Pugh, his widow, Ann P. Pugh, returned to Baltimore, where a few years later she died . There were no chil- dren by the second marriage. John and Sarah Pugh had four children, two sons and two daughters. Jonathan, the eldest, died at an early age; Caroline died in 1831; Mary Ann died in 1881 or 1883; Joseph T., the third in age, now Feventy-nine, lias living: sons, John, Evan and Henry; and daughters, Sarah Ann, Caroline Cecelia, Irene Ida- Mary Elizabeth is deceased. Frank S. Rbader, editor and proprietor of the Beaver Valley News, New Brighton, was born Nov. 17, 1843, in Greenileld (now Coal Centre), Washington county. Pa., a son of Francis and Ellen Reader, the former a son of William Reader, a native of War- wickshire, England. Prank S. passed most of his early life on the farm and in working at the carpenter's trade; he attended the public schools and Mount Union College, Mount Union, Ohio. He married, Dec. 34, 18^7, Merran F. Darling who bore him two children: Frank E. and Willard S. Mr. Reader entered the Union army April 27, 1861, serving in the 5th W. Va. Cavalry, and while scouting June 20, 18€4, was captured, but succeeded in escaping from the train while'on his way to Andersonville July 19 fol- lowing, arriving in the Union lines at Petersburg July 30. In July of the following year he entered the civil service and became chief deputy collector for the Twenty-fourth Collection District of Pennsylvania. He established the weekly Beamr Valley News at New Brighton May 32, 1874, and the daily edition Feb. 5, 1883. He has been a mem- ber of council and secretary of county committee; is a member of the Methodist Episco- pal church; a Republican in politics. James Reed, ship builder, P. O. Freedom, was born in Butler county, Pa., Dec. 24, 1814. His parents, James and Mary (Winghart) Reed, settled in Butler county and remained there until their deaths. They had nine children, three of whom are living. James was married, March 10, 1843, to Eunice Dull, who was born in Pennsylvania Dec. 10, 1816, a daughter of John and Catherine Dull, both of whom died in Butler county. Mr. and 3Irs. Reed have five children, three of whom are living: Anna J., wife of H. P. Wilson; Eli M. and Charles W. Those deceased are Martha and William J. Mrs. Reed died Jan. 10. 1884. Our subject is a ship and house carpenter, and has followed this trade all his life ; he owns the property where he resides. He was elected justice of the peace in l'867, and has filled that office ever since. In politics he is a Republi- can. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and has lived in Freedom and St. Clair since 1849. Ntcholas Reefer, farmer, P. O. Knob, was born in Germany Sept. 26, 1828, a son of Ommert and Catherine Reefer, who came to America in 1857, and settled in Beaver county^. ■ Ommert died here, but his widow still lives in Pittsburgh. Nicholas married, Ma^y 3, 1853, C^theiine Freshcorn, who was born in Germany March 36, 1833, to Daniel and Catherine Freshcorn, who came to America in 1837 and settled in Beaver county, where they died. Mr. and Mrs. Reefer have had ten children, nine of whom are living: Catherine, John, Elizabeth, Henry, Nicholas, Caroline, William, Chailie 806 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. and Margaret. One daughter, Mary, is deceased. Mr. Reefer is a shoemaker by trade, but is engaged in farming at the present time. He owns 150 acres of land. He and his wife are members of the German Reformed church. Jambs J. Reeves, merchant, Beaver Falls, is a son of Joseph and Sarah (Maghey) Reeves, the latter a daughter of Robert and Rachel (Parks) Maghey, of Butler county. Pa. Our subject's parents were married in 1845, and had two sons and three daughters: Mary Jane (now Mrs. Marshall), Eliza (deceased), Margaret (now Mrs. Sieon, of Beaver Falls), James J. and John (art tile manufacturers). The paternal grandfather, Daniel Reeves, a cabinet maker, came from Mount Holly, N. J., to this county at an early day, and purchased three pieces of land, on part of which Beaver Falls now stands. He married Margaret Steen, who bore him four sons and three daughters. Joseph, the eldest son, was born in this county in 1818, received a common-school education, and learned carpentering which he followed for afewytars. He then engaged in boat- building with his brother John on the Erie Canal, continuing in same until the building of the Pittsburgh & Fort Wayne railroad from Pittsburgh to Alliance, when he was appointed master mechanic for that road and its several branches, a position he held up to his death In 1875. The family are members of the Methodist church; politically they are Democrats. OziAs Reno, farmer, P. O. Freedom, was born in New Sewickley township, July 24, 1834, a son of Isaac and Nancy Reno, natives of Pennsylvania, and who died in Free- dom. They were the parents of two children. Ozias, the only one living, was united in marriage, Oct. 12, 1854, with Lydia, daughter of William Carey (deceased). She was born in Maryland, May 8, 1835, and was the mother of eleven children, five living. She died Feb. 8, 1879. July 26, 1880, Mr. Reno married Talitha A. Pritchard, who was born in Allegheny City Feb. 6, 1889, and is a daughter of Daniel and Esther Pritchard, both living. Mr. Reno was reared on a farm. When the war broke out he enlisted in Company H, 189th Regiment, P. V., and served his country nearly three years. Mrs. Reno is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. They moved to St. Clair borough from New Sewickley township in 1883, and bought the place where they now reside . William D. Reno, steamboat captain and pilot, also a member of the firm of Evans & Reno, liverymen, at Rochester, Pa. , where he was born and reared, is the son of Will- iam and Sophia (Evans) Reno, the latter born in 1796. They were natives of Pennsyl- vania, and of French and Welsh descent. William was born in 1794, and died in March, 1860; he was a pilot and captain on the Ohio river in early life; in later life he retired to the quiet of the farm; his farm included forty acres of what is now the town of Rochester. He had eleven children, nine of whom grew to maturity, and four are now livina;. William D. attended school in Rochester and at the Beaver College, and early in life went on the Ohio river. He enlisted in April. 1861, in the 10th Pennsyl- vania Reserves; was a non-commissioned officer; was taken prisoner at the battle of Charles City Crossroads and held on Belle Isle for five weeks, and then exchanged. He rejoined his regiment, and was engaged in the battles of Antietam, Fredericksburg and Gettysburg. In the last named battle the 10th Reserves took a very conspicuous part. He was discharged in 1864, and since the war has been a pilot and captain on the river most of the time. Pie embarked in the livery business in company with Captain Thomas G. Evans, in 1884. He was married, in 1877, to Bella, daughter of George and Ann S. (Mitchell) Graham, and their children are Lewis Evans, Blanche Ethel and Anna Sidney. Mr. and Mrs. Reno are members of the Methodist Episcopal church; in politics he is a Republican. He is a member of the I. O. O. F., the R. A. and the G. A. R. Amos Romigh, farmer, P. O. Freedom, was born in Allegheny county. Pa., April 12, 1812, a son of Jacob and Susanna Romigh, who died in this county. Amos vas married, June 24, 1851, to Lottie, daughter of Calvin and Jemima Leonard (both deceased). She was born in "Warren county. Pa., Nov. 10, 1829, and is the mother of eight children, only two of whom, Laura F. and Calvin L., are living. Those deceased BIOGRAPHIES EAST SIDE. 807 are Anna J., Nancy A., Susan A., Jackson ^AI., Lotta C. and Jacob A. Mr. Eomigh has been engaged in farming nearly all his life, and owns 104 acres. Mrs. Eomigh is a member of the Lutheran church. Jacob Romigh, farmer, P. O. Freedom, was born in Washington county, Pa., Feb. 3, 1834. a son of Jacob and Susanna Romigh, natives of Washington county, who moved from there to Beaver county, where they died. Our subject was married, Nov. 37, 1849, to Elsie, daughter of Charles and Elsie Baker, who died in this county. Mrs. Romigh was born March 11, 1835, and is the mother of nine children, eight of whom are living: Louisa, James B., Caroline, William O., Lizzie M., David F., Alice and Jacob C. One daughter, Nettie A., is deceased. Mr. Romigh has followed farming all his life and owns about eighty one acres. He and Mrs Romigh are membeis of the Presbyterian church. James Roney, grocer, and agent for Adams Express Company, New Brighton, was born in Rochester, this county, in 1837, being the eldest of the three children of Arthur and Jane Roney. He received a public school training in his native town, and from ten years of age followed boating on the Erie Canal extension, until it was closed up. For the past sixteen years he has been engaged in his present groceiy bus-inefs. He was married in 1858 to Matilda McDonald, who bore him one child, Charles W. Mr. Roney Is a member of the I. O. O. F. ; politically a Democrat. Walter A. Rose, M. D. Walter Rose, the grandfather of Dr. Rose, who emi- grated from Scotland to the province of Canada, settled in Elgin county, Ontario, where his death occurred at the age of one hundred and three years. His children were five sons and one daughter, of whom Alexander, the father ot Dr. Walter A. Rose; also a native of Scotland, resided in Elgin county, where he was a manufacturer of various implements of wood. He was married to Catherine Monroe, whose children were Isa- bella, wife of John Warburton; Jennetta (deceased wife of Elihu Moore): Catherine (wife of Colin McDougall); Margaret, (wife of Edward Capsey); Rachel (dt ceased) and Walter A. Tlie last named child was born in the county of Elgin, Ontario, April 17, 1843, and received his education at the common schools of his native town nnd the graded schools at St. Thomas, near his home. In the year 1863 he began the study of medicine with Dr. Robert Lyon Sanderson, of Sparta, Ontario, and in 1863 and 1864 attended two courses of lectures at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, together with two additional courses at the Medical University of Buffalo, N. Y., where he was graduated in 1867. Dr. Rose at once chose Rochester as a favorable point in \\hich to begin his professional career, and has since that time found no occasion for seeking a change of locality. During the years 1875 and 1876 he also maintained an office in Allegheny City. His practice, which is of a general character, has been large and suc- cessful, and has given him an enviable rank among the leading physicians of the county. Dr. Rose has, since Rochester became his residence, identified himself with the growth and advancement of the borough, and done much to promote its prosperity. He is one of the incorporators of the Rochester & Beaver Street Railway, and director in the Second and Third National Building Associations .of Rochester. He is a member and examining surgeon of the A. O. U. W., and prominently identified with the Masonic order as a member of Rochester Lodge No. 339, P. & A. M.; member of Oskalon Commandery, Knights Templar, of Allegheny City, and of Pennsylvania Sovereign Grand Consistory, of Pittsburgh. He is also connected with Syria Temple, Nobles of_ the Mystic Shrine. Lewes Rosbnmund, farmer, P. 0. New Brighton, was born in the city of Basel, Switzerland, in 1833, and came to America in 1845. His parents, John and Catheriiie (Gysin) Rosenmund, had fifteen children, and the nine surviving ones came with their parents to America, locating in Pittsburgh. Allegheny county. Mr. Rosenmund came to Beaver county in 1874 and purchased fifty acres of land, where he now resides He was married, in 1863, to Wilhelmina, daughter of John Flinner, of Zelienople, Butler county. Pa. They have had six children, three of whom are living: Mary Louise, Emma Catharine and Charles Henry. The family are members of the United Presby- terian church. 808 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. N1CHA.LIBS RosENBERGBR, farmer, P. O. Brush Creek, was born in Germany, April 3, 1836, a son of John and Margaret Bosenberger, natives of Germany. After the death of his wife, John emigrated to America and settled in Beaver county, where he died. He was the father of three children, two living. Our subject was united in mar- riage, Jan. 9, 1848, with Catherine Strutt, who was born in Germany, May 18, 1824, a daughter of Henry and Catherine Strutt, both of whom died in Germany. Mr. and Mrs. Rosenberger are the parents of nine children, six living, viz. : Catherine, Casper, George, William, Lizzie and Mary. Those deceased are Lizzie, John and Henry. Mr. Resenberger came to America in 1846. He was employed several years in digging coal, and then engaged in farming. He owns 318 acres of improved land. He and his wife are members of the Presbyterian church. John Rtjckbkt, farmer, P. 0. Freedom, was born in Germany, Feb. 38, 1831, a son of John and Christine E. Ruckert, who died in Germany. John came to America in 1850, and remained in Pittsburgh three years, then moved to Freedom. He married, in October, 1854, Lucinda, daughter of Casper and Magdelena CofEman. She was born in Butler county. Pa., in 1836, and is the mother of fourteen children, ten of whom are living: John, Mary, Henry, Elizabeth, Emma, Margaret, Ida, Amelia, George and Charlie. The deceased are Matilda, William', Jacob and Anna. Mr. Ruckert learned the ahoemaker's trade, which he followed about twenty-five years, and since that time has been farming. He owns 160 acres of land. He and his wife are members of the Lutheran church. In politics he is a Democrat. Joseph Sants, designer. New Brighton, was born in Bath, England, in 1884, the eldest child of Joseph and Sarah (Griflith) Sants, who were parents of fourteen chil- dren. He" was educated at college in his native country, left school at the age of six- teen years and served eight years in the English navy. From early childhood Mr. Sants has made designing and modeling his special study, and to-day ranks among the most skillful in the profession. He came to this country in 1859, from South America, landing in Baltimore. He has been through Australia and India, and was engaged in the Crimean War. For the past twenty years he has been employ ed by diffeient firms in New Brighton, having but recently permanently located here. He is now employed in the large pottery establishment of Elverson, Sherwood & Barker, and is the designer aod modeler for all goods manufactured by that firm. He was married in 1865 to Maggie, daughter of Martin Kappler, of Pittsburgh, Pa., and they had one child that died. Mr. Sants enlisted in 1862 in Company B, 123d Regiment, P. V. I., for nine months, and at the expiration of that time enlisted in the 50th Regiment, in which he remained until it was disbanded. He then enlisted in the Cpnstruction Corps, in Ten- nessee, Company B, 1st Regiment, 2d Battalion. He is a Republican, a member of the G. A. R., and a F. & A. M. Conrad Sohlbiter, marble dealer. Freedom, was born in Germany, Dec. 11, 1839, a son of John and Catherine Schleiter, who died in Germany. Conrad was married, Oct. 30, 1865, to Fredricka Fliehman, who was born in Germany, May 21, 1844, a daugh- ter of Conrad and Charlotte Fliehman, who died in Germany. Mr. and Mrs. Schleiter are the parents of twelve children, of whom nine are living. Mr. Schleiter learned the trade of marble cutting in New London, Conn , and has followed the same ever since. He came to America in 1854, and to his present home in 1868. He served in the Civil War in the 13th Connecticut Regiment. He and his wife are members of the German Lutheran church; in politics he is a Democrat. Warwick Scott, New Brighton, is a native of St. Louis, Mo., born in 1851, a son of Thomas and Agnes (McCready) Scott, who had three children, Warwick being the eldest. Thomas Scott was a manufacturer, and died in 1869, aged forty-eight years; his widow now resides with a daughter in Philadelphia. Warwick was educated in the public schools, which he left at the a?e of eighteen years to engage in farming and man- ufacturing. He came to New Brighton in 1874, and engaged in carriage manufacturing until 1880. He was then elected secretary of the Building and Loan A,ssociation of New Brighton, which position he held for six years. He is superintendent and proprietor of BIOGRAPHIES EAST SIDE. 809 the Beaver Valley Art Tile Works, which were established in 1887. He was married, in 1878, to Anna, daughter of Jacob Price (deceased), late of Philadelphia, Pa. They have two children: Thomas and Edward. Mr. Scott has been collector of New Brigh- ton borough. He is a member of the A. O. U. W. and R. A. ; he is a Republican . William S. Shallenbbkqbr. " Schallenberg," the name given to a mountain in Canton Uri, Switzerland, from very early times, because of its remarkable echo, is at the same time the origin of the family name Schallenbergers, a hardy race of people dwelling on this mountain, which was covered with pasture to the top, and was a favorite gathering place for the people. A few traces of the family appear in history. Three of the name were killed at Lempach in 1385. One Ulric Schallenberger led a company of the men of Uri against Charles the Bold at Grandsen, in 1476. In the same year he served as aid to Hans of Holwyl, at the battle of Murtcn, and was present, with all of the family name who could bear arms, at the battle of Nancy, Jan. 5, 1477, where Charles was killed. The paternal ancestry of William S. Shallenberger is traced with certainty to Ulric Sehallenbergei, born in Canton Uri, in 1694. John, son and only child of Ulric above mentioned, was born at Altdorf, Switz- erland, in 1720, and the same year Ulric emigrated from Switzerland aud tetlled in Lan- caster county. Pa. Abraham, the son of John, and youngestof three children, was born in Lancaster county; Pa., Oct. 15, 1764. Abraham, sou of the last mentioned, was born in Fayette county. Pa., Aug. 22, 1797. William S., the son of Abraham, and subject of this biography, was born Nov. 34, 1839, at llount Pleasant, Westmoreland county. Pa., his mother being Rachel Newmyer, daughter of Peter and Susannah Newmyer. His early years were spent at the public school, and in learning the trade of his father, who was a saddle and harness-maker. In October, 1855, when not quite sixteen years of age, he was elected teacher of one of the district schools of Washington county. Pa., and taught during the following winter. He removed with his father's family to Beaver county. Pa., in the spring of 1856, and has since resided in Rochester. He attended the University at Lewis- burg, Union countj'. Pa., during a portion of two years, but was compelled to leave before graduating on account of failing health. He has since received the honorary de- gree of A. M. from this university. In 1862 he enlisted in the army. We quote from material before us, a few leading estimates of the public services and personal character- istics of Mr. Shallenberger. His army record we find well summarized in the follow- ing paper prepared by the surgeon of his regiment, afterward division surgeon. Dr. I. Wilson Wishart, and signed by all the officers of the regiment. Hospital 1st Div. 2d. Corp A. op P. Sept. 17, 1864. Adjutant Shallenberger, in response to the call for volunteers in 1862, enlisted as a private, and contributed largely by his influence and personal eilorts to the formation of the 140th Regiment, P. V. Upon the organization of the regiment he was appointed adjutant, and has served in that capacity until the present time. At the battle of Cban- cellorsville, the lirst in which the regiment was engaged, he received a slight wound, which, however, did not require him to leave the field. At the battle of Gettysburg he was severely wounded in the leg, but rejoined the regiment at Morrisville, Va., before his wound was healed, aud participated with his comrades in all the marches and fight- ing of the fall campaign. , Just recovering from a severe attack of illness he started upon the campaign of 1864, when scarcely able to keep the saddle; was in the battle of the Wilderness and at the fight of Corbin's Bridge, near Todd'stavern, May 8th; received a very severe wound in the thigh, from which he is now suffering. Adjutant Shallenberger has remarkable business capacity. Having full confidence in his ability to discharge the duties of paymaster to the satisfaction of the department, I very cordially recommend his appointment. (Sgd.) I. Wilson Wishart, Surg. 140th Pa. Vol. In forwarding this paper Gen. Nelson A. Miles says: " Adjutant Shallenberger has served under my command, and I knc-vs him to le a most reliable, efficient and worthy officer." 810 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. Gen. Hancock adds: " This young officer made, I think, more recruits for us in Western Pennsylvania in the winter of 1863-64 than probably any other officer: but aside from this he is a gallant young officer, richly deserving promotion . " The last wound compelled the retirement of Adjutant Shallenberger from active service. After the lapse of two years the ball was extracted from the thigh, and the w^ound healed. From that time until 1876, when he was elected to his first political office, that of Representative in Congress, Mr. Shallenberger was engaged in mercantile pursuits. He represented in Congress the 24th District of Pennsylvania, composed of Washington, Beaver and Lawrence counties; was reelected in 1878, and again in 1880. In a Washington City paper published in June, 1880, the following estimate of his offi- cial character appears : " Mr. Shallenberger is scrupulously attentive to his public duties: rarely out of his seat in the House; faithful in committee work; extremely courteous and genial in hig relations with his colleagues; always practical, and never obtrusive or out of place in his conduct of legislation. He has had remarkable success in securing the favorable action of Congress upon bills which he has had in charge. He has reason to feel proud of the endorsement recently given him by his constituents. For the first time in nearly forty years a renomination for a third term has been made by his district, and by the most flattering popular vote of all the counties at their primaries." During his third term he served as chairman of the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds, but devoted much time to the study of the tariif, a subject of controlling interest to his constituents. His speech of April 15, 1882, has been widely circulated and higlily praised. General J. K. Moorhead, of Pittsburgh, himself an able defender of the tariff for ten years in Congress, acknowledged the receipt of a copy of the speech under date of May 1, 1882, as follows: f " DbarSir: — Ithankyou athousand times for your very able tariff speech, which I have just read. It should be spread over the United States by thousands; and it places you at the very head of protectionists. I have just finished reading it, and as my time for leaving my office has arrived, I can say no more, but could not leave until I had said this." Hon. Wm. Lawrence, of Ohio, then first comptroller of the treasury, wrote under date of Dec. 18, 1882, in regard to this speech, as follows: "Prior to the last political campaign, I had occasion to prepare some matter to enable me to make speeches in Ohio, and I procured a copy of your speech, which I read and studied with great care. I congratulate you and your constituents on the excellence of your speech. It has a vast fund of information compre.'^sed in comparatively small space, and is one of the most able and exhaustive speeches upon the subject which I have read." Since his retirement from Congress, Mr. Shallenberger has been ergaged in the' banking business in Rochester, and as treasurer of various corporations. He was on the 1st of December, 1864, married to Josephine, daughter of Gen. Thomas J. Power of Rochester, and their children were Thomas P., Laura, Francis W., Elizabeth, Mary, William and Josephine, of whom Thomas P. and Francis W. are deceased. Mr. Shal- lenberger is a member of the Baptist church, of Rocliester, and has been a deacon since its organization. A. T. Shallenberger, physician, Rochester, was born in Westmoreland county Pa,, Feb. 20, 1835, a son of Abraham and Rachel (Newmyer) Shallenberger, natives of Pennsylvania and of German and English descent. His father, a saddler in early life was afterward, for many years, engaged in mercantile trade. From ]8.'i6 to 1868 he resided in Rochester. He had five sons and three daughters. Dr. A. T. the second child, was reared in Westmoreland county, attended the academy at Greersburg and early in life commenced the study of medicine in the office of Dr. W C Reiter where he rjinaiued thrje years. He then entered Jefferson Medical College graduating in 1846. He began practice with his preceptor, came to Rochester in 1847, and continued BIOGEAPHIKS EAST SIDE. 811 in active practice for eight years. Since then he lias devoted his time to the manufac ture and sale of the well known medicine, " Shallenberger's Fever and Ague Antidote." He was married in Westmoreland county, Sept. 1, 1846, to Mary, daughter of Daniel Bonbright, and born in Westmoreland county, of German descent. Their children are H. M., a physician now in active practice in Rochester; Oliver B., of Pittsburgh; Her- bert B. and Alethe, wife of A. A. Atterholt, of Pittsburgh. The family are members of the Baptist church. The doctor is a trustee of the church . He is a Republican, and has frequently served as a member of the school board of Rochester, also as trustee of Beaver Academy for eleven years. H. M. SiiALLEXBEiiGEB, physician and surgeon, Rochester, was born in Rochester, Pa., Oct. 4, 1853, and is a son of Dr. A. T. Shalleuberger. He was reared in Roches- ter, attended school here, also attended the Bucknell University, Pa., a Baptist Institu- tion, where he graduated in the regular literary course in 1873, and the same year commenced the study of medicine in the office of Dr. Clark, at Mount Pleasant, Pa. In 1874 he entered the Jefferson Medical College at Philadelphia, remaining in that college and the hospitals of that city until 1876, obtaining a thorough preparation for practice. Since 1876 he has been successfully engaged in practice in R( Chester. In politics he is a Republican. He is a member of the Medical Society of Beaver county, and has served as borough physician one term. He is a member of the Baptist church. D. B. Shaner, retired farmer, P. O. Brush Creek was born near Unionville, Beaver county, Nov. 22, 1830. His parents, David and Ruth (Peiisol) Shaner, were natives of Pennsylvania, and settled in Beaver county where they remained until their deaths. D. B. was united in marriage April 32, 1843, with Elizabeth Peirsol, who was born in New SeWickley township Feb. 25, 1826, and is a daughter of John and Neoma (Mace) Peirsol, who were natives of Pennsylvania, and both of whom died in this county. Mr. and ilrs. Shaner are the parents of six children, of whom three are living; Malissa, wife of William Feezel, Mac and John. Neoma and two infants are deceased. Mr. Shaner has been a farmer all his life. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. In politics he is a Prohibitionist, and has filled the office of school director a number of terms. John Sharp, merchant, Rochester, was born May 3, 1825, near New Castle, in that part of Beaver county which is now a part of Lawrence county. His parents, Moses and Margaret (Armstrong) Sharp, were of Scotch and Irish origin and natives of Penn- sylvania. His father and grandfather were farmers, and the latter was among the earliest settlers at Darlington. Moses Sharp was born and reared in the county where he spent his life and died in 1830. He had three children. John, when five years old, went to live with his uncle, John Armstrong, with whom he remained, working on the farm and in the mill, until he reached his majority. He learned the shoemaker's trade in Bridgewater; then went on a steamboat as a deck hand for two years, and was en- gaged on the Ohio in various capacities for a number of years; lie was watchman on a steamboat for two years, and was a clerk on the wharf boat at Rochester for two years, and for a like period was captain and part owner of a steamboat. He then bought a boat and ran it between Rochester and Warren, Ohio, for fifteen years. In 1868 he embarked in his present business, under the firm name of Sharp & Hoffman. He was married, in 1853, to Rebecca Keister, a native rf Pennsylvania. Mrs. Sharp is of Ger- man descent. She is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. Captain Sharp is a Republican in politics; he is a F. & A. M.; a member of the I. 0. O. F. and encamp- ment. George W. Shekwood, superintendent and proprietor of pottery, P. O. New Brighton, was born in Hancock county, W. Va., in 1852, the son of John and Hannah (Bryant) Sherwood, who had four children, George W. being the youngest. John was a lumber dealer, and died at the age of forty-five years; his widow is living at New Brighton. They had three children, who are living. George W. is a practical pottery man, having followed the business since he was ten years old, and was for nine years employed by Thomas Elverson. In 1876 Mr. Sherwood, in partnership with his brother. 812 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. commenced business in a building 30 by 50 feet, with one kiln and propelled by horse power. By their personal supervision and close application to business they built up one of the largest establishments of the liind in Western Pennsylvania. Mr. Sherwood married, in 1873, Annie E., daughter of Nathan Wood, of New Brighton, and they have three children: (Jay Oakley, George P. and Louie E. Mr. Sherwood is a member of the I. O. O. P.; in politics a Republican. Thomas Y. Shilton, oil refiner, P. O. Freedom, was born in England, Aug. 35, 1849, a son of Joseph and Jane (Young) Shilton, the former a native of England, the latter of Scotland. They were married in England, where Joseph died, after which the widow and Thomas, who is the only child, came to America, and settled in Beaver county, where she died in 1886. Thomas was united in marriage, March 20, 1881, with Frances White, who was born in Beaver county in 1863, a daughter of E. N. White. To Mr. and Mrs. Shilton have been born three children (two living): Thomas L., Edwin B. and Edwina J. (deceased). Mr. Shilton was formerly engaged in the drug busi- ness, oat since marriage has been in the oil business. He owns a fine farm of over 200 acres in Economy township. He is a F. & A. M , a member of the I. O. O. F. In politics he is a Democrat. .Tames Shouse, captain and pilot, P. O . Baden, was born in Steubenville, Ohio, in 1831. His father, Jacob, was born in Easton, and died at the age of seventy-five years. He married Jane Harper, of Jefferson county, Ohio, and by her had twelve chil- dren, three of whom are now living. Jacob was a ship carpenter and boat builder, being among the oldest of his trade in Western Pennsylvania. In company with one hundred and thirty-two he went to Allegheny county and settled in a place, which has since become a town and is called Shousetown. James was born and reared in Steuben- ville, Ohio, where he remained until 1876. He was educated at the academies and at Washington college. He left school at the age of fifteen years to engage in steamboat- ing, and has since spent his life at that business, being familiar with all the work con- nected with steamboating. He was married in 1871 to Rosa Bell, daughter of Henry and Sarah Welch. Seven children, five of whom are living, were thelesultof this union: Alice Margaret, Sarah Amelia, Emma Carlton (deceased), Laura M. (deceased), AanaMtry, Richard E. and G-eorge Boal. During the war Mr. Shouse was engaged in .the transporting service, having enlisted in Company B, 6th Ohio Regiment. He is a member of the Lutheran church; of the I. O. O. P. ; politically he is a Democrat. Lawrence Shuster, passenger conductor. New Brighton, was bom in this county Nov. 19, 1846, the seventh child of M. and Sarah (Davis) Shuster, who were the parents of eleven children. His father was by trade a blacksmith. Lawrence received a com- mon-school education, and at the age of fourteen years ■ learned the blacksmith's trade. He has been employed on the railroad twenty- three years, ten years of that time as passenger conductor for the P., Ft. W. & C. Railway Company. He was married in 1867 to Mollie, daughter of James and Mary (McClosky) Walsh, natives of Ireland. Four children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Shuster: Charles M,, Lewis Davis, Lillie Amaa.la and Lawrence Lane. For several years past Mr. Shuster has made his' home in New Brighton, where he owns some property. Ho is a member of the K. of P., and of the A. O. U. W. ; politically he is a Republican. Alexander F. Smith, brick manufacturer, New Brighton, was born in Butler county. Pa., in_ 1839, and is the third of the five children of Ephraim and Ann (Lee) Smith. Ephraim Smith, a woolen manufacturer, moved with his family from Fallston to Mt. Ephraim, Pulaski township, this county, in 1852. Jonas Smith, great-grand- father of Alexander F., lived in Yorkshire, England, and had a son Alexander, who mirned a daughter of Ephraim Ellsworth, of Kirkstall, near Leeds, in Yorkshire to which union was born a son, Ephraim, father of our subject. Ephraim Smith was'but four years of age when his father died, and he was reared by his grandfather Ellsworth Alexander F. was educated in Beaver county', attending the public schools, and until ■twenty-tour years of age worked in a woolen mill. Soon afterwaid he commenced the manufacture of brick for building purposes, as well as fire brick. He is also engaged BIOGRAPHIES — BAST SIDE. 813 In farming, owning nearly 200 acres of land. He resided in Pulaski township until 1886, when he removed to New Brighton . Pie was married, in 1866, to Hannah Rebecca, daughter of John Backus, of Erie county, Pa., and by her had seven children: Perry Alexander, EllenLydia,Myra Ann, Edward, Mary Celia, Lee Backus and Bessie Edith. Mr. Smith was a justice of the peace in Pulaski township, a school director, and direc- tor of the New Brighton Bridge Company. He and his family are members of the Methodist church . In politics he is a Republican . Chakles W. Smith, dealer in real estate, Cucamonga, California, was born in Rochester Oct. 13, 1857, son of Jacob and Christiana (Walter) Smith. His parents, natives of Germany, came to this country when children, their parents settling in New Jersey, where they grew up and were married, coming to this county in 1851. Their family consisted of seven children. The eldest son. John P. Smith, is a prominent merchant in Rochester, and keeps a general store. It was here that our subject did his first work as a clerk, which occupation he commenced as soon as he left the public school. On reaching his majority he became a partner in the business, and continued ■with success until 1884, when Charles W. retired. In 1885 he went to Cucamonga, Cal., and bouglita ranch, which he afterward soldj and bought another of 1,600 acres, which he sold in 1887. He has since made other investments, and intends making California his permanent home. He was married, Sept. 33, 1880, to Louise, sister of Emmett Cotton, a prominent attorney at Pittsburgh, Pa, Her parents are of Irish and French descent. Mr. and Mrs. Smith have four children: Charles D., Emma C, Bertha and an infant. Mrs. Smith is a member of the Episcopal church; in politics he is a Repub- lican. James Smith, farmer, P. O. Beaver Falls, was born in Lancashire, England, in 1834, a son of James and Grace Smith, natives of England, and the parents of thirteen chil- dren. James, the seventh child, came to this country in 1843, locating first at Lowell, Mass., where he resided until the spring of 1868; then came to New Brighton, this county, where he was engaged as foreman of the carding department of Wild & Co.'s Keystone Woolen Mills until 1872, in which year he bought and moved to his present farm of fifty-seven acres in North Sewickley township. He has two coal banks on his place, which he operates with profit. He was married, in 1857, to Sarah Turner, of New Brighton, by whom he had six children, three now living: Joseph, Anna and Ires. The mother dying in 1867, Mr. Smith married, the same year, Ann Taylor, and by her has three children: Sarah, Frank and Grace, all at home. Mr. Smith was school direc- tor for three years in North Sewickley township; in politics he is a Republican. Mrs. Smith is a member of the Episcopal church. W. A, Smith, merchant, Rochester, was born in Monroe county, 111., March 16, 1844, and is a son of J. B. and Eliza (Ramey) Smith. His mother was born in Illinois, and his father in Ohio. J. B. Smith was a merchant and a photographer; of his four children by his first wife, W. A. is the only son. After seven years of age, our sub- ject was reared in Greenville, Mercer county, Pa., and attended the public schools and academy. He chose law as a profession, went to Liverpool, Ohio, and contemplated taking a regular law course, but financial matters prevented. He learned the business of photographing with his father, and in 1867 moved to Beaver, and embarked in mer- cantile trade. Since 1868 he has carried on business in the same line in Rochester. Mr. Smith was married, Dec. 20, 1870, in Zanesville, Ohio, to Miss Katie Hibbard, of St. Clair, Mo. Mr. and Mrs. Smith are members of the Methodist Episcopal church, and he served for fourteen years as a Sabbath-school superintendent. He is president of the Equitable Aid Union Life Insurance Company of Rochester, a beneficiary society for both sexes, also president of the Grand Union, E. A. U., of the state of Pennsyl- vania, an annual meeting of delegates from 240 Subordinate Unions in that state . William H. Smith, stone mason and contractor, P. O. New Brighton, was born in Perry county, in 1840, the eldest son of seven children of S. C. and Matilda (Page) Smith. His father is a stone mason by trade, and came to Beaver county in 1858. Will- iam H. received a common-school education and learned the trade of his father, which 46 814 HISTORY OF BE AVER COUNTY. he has followed all his life. He was married in 1866 to Marie, daughter of John and Mary (Beets) Tinsman, of Butler county, Pa. They have seven children: Mary A. (Mrs. Fisher), Miles C, Maud, Lois C, Kate, Mark S. and Elizabeth Grace. Mr. Smith has resided at his present home for twenty-five years. In 1864 he enlisted in the 50th Regiment, Heavy Artillery, and served until the close of the war. He is a member of the G. A. R., politically he is a Republican. John Snyder, merchant and farmer, P. O. Brush Creek, was born in New Sewick- ley township, Beaver county, Dec. 3, 1846, a son of John and Anna E. (Bolland) Snyder, natives of Germany. They were married in this country and settled in Beaver county, where they remained until their deaths. Our subject was married, July 15, 1869, to Mary, daughter of George and Margaret Bonzo, the former a native of America, the latter of Germany. George Bonzo died In 1886; his widow resides in New Sewickley townsliip. Mr. and Mrs. Snyder are the parents of seven children, five living: Wesley H., Jacob W., MoUie N., Carrie D. and John B. The deceased are George H. and Bertha A. Mr. Snyder was reared on a farm, engaged in merchandising in 1873, and handles everything from a spool of thread to a steam saw-mill. He owns 273 acres of fine land. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. He is a member of the I. O. O. F. George C. Spbybrbe. Mr. Speyerer is of German ancestry and the grandson of a manufacturer living in Frankenthal-on-the-Rhine, from whence he removed on the Invasion of Napoleon's army to Heidelberg. His son, Frederick C, was born in Frank- euthal, and was a soldier in the army that fought against the French invader, after which he retired to civil life and became a successful farmer. He was twice married, his wife by the second union being Christine Maria Stezel, of Schweinfurt, in Bavaria. Their children are two daughters: Justinia Maria (Mrs. Ebel) and Christine W. (Mrs. Buhl), and one son, George C, the subject of this biographical sketch. He was born Dec. 6, 1818, near Heidelberg, in Baden, and on his immigration to America in 1838, settled in Butler county. Pa. He became a pupil of the common schools during the winter months and devoted the remainder of his time to labor on the farm. His health failing, a trip to Europe proved advantageous, after which, on his return, he made Rochester his home and embarked in mercantile ventures. With the exception of a brief interval in tlie service of the German Manufacturing Company, he has for forty years been engaged in business at the same point. Since his advent in the town, Roch- ester has grown materially and become one of the most prosperous boroughs of the county. In all movements tending to its prosperity Mr. Speyerer has been a leading spirit and has unhesitatingly contributed both infiuence and capital to many worthy projects. He founded and is the president of the Beaver County Banking and Safe Deposit Associ- ation of Rochester. Mr. Speyerer was, in 1842, married to Anna Eliza, daughter of Henry Krebs, of Butler county, Pa., and their children were Henry Frederick (de- ceased); Herman J. (cashier of the Beaver County Banking and Safe Deposit Associa- tion); and William J. (who died, leaving the following named children: Frederick G., Maud, Anna Eliza and Mace, orphans, and residing with their paternal grandparents).' Mr. Speyerer is a leading member of the Lutheran church at Rochester, of which he is a trustee. ' Herman J. Speyerer, cashier of the Beaver County Banking and Safe Deposit Association, Rochester, was born Sept. 4, 1845, the only son of George C. Speyerer. He was reared in Rochester, where his parents have resided since he was one year old '. He received his education in Rochester and at the Beaver College. Early in life be embarked in mercantile trade, and was in his father's store until he reached his majority, when he became a partner. He remained with his father until 1874, then carried on a banking business till 1881, then mercantile business alone for two years. In the spring of 1885 he was elected to his present position. He was married in Butler county Pa May 35, 1876, to Sadie E., daughter of Dr. Adam Endres, and born in Beaver county of German descent. The fruits of this union are three children: Elizabeth, Harrah and William. Mr. and Mrs, Speyerer are members of the Lutheran church. He is a BIOGEA.PHIES EAST SIDE. 815 Republican in politics, and has served as a member of the council of Rochester borough for three terms. He is a F. & A. M., and a member of the I. O. O. F. and A. 0. U. W. Philip Steinbach, farmer, P. O. Zelienople, Butler county. Pa., was born in New Sewickley township, Sept. 8, 1843. His parents, John A. and Dora Steinbach, natives of Germany, were married in Allegheny county, and settled in Beaver county, where they died. They had four children, of whom only Philip is living. He was married, March 23, 1866, to Mary A., daughter of Baniel and Charlotte Brenner, both living in New Sewickley township. She was born Feb. 7, 1843, and is the mother of five chil- dren: Emma D., Sophia E., John D., Charlotte A. and Henry P. Mr. Steinbach owns 180 acres of improved land . He and his wife are members of St. John's church . E. P. Stewart, railroad clerk, P. O. Freedom, was born in Allegheny county, Aug. 13, 1836. His father, James H. Stewart, was a prominent attorney and died in 1838 at an early age. His mother was Anna Pentland, daughter of Ephraim Pentland, ex-judge of Allegheny county and editor of the first paper in that county. She died in 1844, leaving two children, of whom E. P. is the elder. With his brother he was placed in the care of his granduncle, Abner P. Lacock, an old and prominent citizen of Beaver county. E. P. received a common-school education, and commenced business life at the age of eighteen years. In 1861 he enlisted in Company F, 10th Pennsylvania Regi- ment, and served until 1862. He returned to this county, and remained here until 1868, when he located in Ohio and engaged in the railroad business. In 1881 he moved from Sewickley, this county, to New Brighton, where he remained until Feb. 22, 1888, when he removed to Rochester. In 1866 he was married to Susan E., daughter of M. S. and Charlotte (Eckert) Johns, and they have four children living: Susan E., Charlotta, Anna and Charles. Mr. Stewart is a member of the Knights of Honor of Sewickley, and Post No. 208, G. A. R., of New Brighton; politically he is a Republican. Ttjbjter Steobridge. William Strobridge, who was of Scotch lineage and born in 1687, married Margaret Henry. His son James was the father of William Stro- bridge, a native of Saratoga county, N. Y., who married Hannah Tuttle on the 10th of October, 1784. Their children were E. Hinds, Phedoras, Tulley, Meroe, Parnel, Turner, James, Susanna, William, Oliver and Hannah. Mr. Strobridge ultimately removed to Barnet, Vt., where he engaged in farming. His son, Turner, who also resided in the latter place, first as a farmer and latterly as a successful merchant, married Eliza, daughter of Capt. Edward Clark, a scJdier of the Revolution, wounded at the battleof Yorktown, whose home was in Peacham, Caledonia county, Vt. Their children were Lydia (who died in childhood), LaFayette and Turner. The last named and youngest of this number and the subject of this biography, was born July 9, 1826, and left fath- erless at the early age of ten months. He was, during his infancy, adopted by L. R. Livingston, of Pittsburgh, Pa., the latter city then becoming his residence. His educa- tion was received at the common schools in Verinont, and the public schools of Pitts- burgh, with a supplementary career at the Western University in the latter city. He then entered the Pittsburgh Novelty Works, of which his benefactor was owner, and mas- tered the intricacies of the business with such readiness as to warrant his management of the foundry department of the works at the age of eighteen. He was afterward admitted to a partnership and remained thus engaged until the establishment was de- stroyed by fire when, discerning a more favorable field in New Brighton, he removed thither and built the New Brighton Novelty Works, of which he is the present head. He is here engaged in the manufacture of novelty goods and domestic hardware, a market for which is readily found in the United States and South America. Mr. Stro- bridge also devotes some attention to farming, and resides upon his farm adjacent to the borough. He was, in August, 1847, married to Elizabeth, daughter of George Irvine, of Pittsburgh, and their children were Emma, Livingston R., Frank (deceased), and Turner, Jr. Mrs. Strobridge died in May, 1884, and our subject was a second time married, in the fall of 1884, to Mrs. Jane Robingson, daughter of Gen. Charles Carter, of Beaver. 0. W. Taylor, traveling salesman. New Brighton, was born in that place in 1858. 816 HISTOET OF BEAVEE COITNTY. His father, C. W. Taylor, who was justice of the peace for many years in this county, married Mary, daughter of W. W. "Willis, of New Brighton, and they had eight chil- dren, C. W. being the eldest. Joseph Taylor, grandfather of our subject, came to America from England. C. W. attended public school in New Brighton until he was fifteen years. of age; was then employed on the railroad and some time afterward en- gaged in pottery business. For a number of years he was employed as a salesman, and held other positions in connection with potteries. He was married, in 1&80, to Jennie, daughter of John Eupert and grand-daughter of Casper Weitzell. They have two children : Annie and Lila. Thomas M. Taylor, merchant, justice of the peace and notary public, Rochester, was born in this county March 31, 1818, a son of William and Ann (Wilson) Taylor, the latter born in Pennsylvania, of German descent, and the former born in Ireland. Will- iam came to America in 1798, and to Pennsylvania when a mere lad, soon afterward locating in Darlington, this county . He served in the War of 1813, and was a farmer all his life; his family consisted of eleven children, all of whom grew to maturity, and were all married before a death occurred in the family. Our subject's eldest brother, John Taylor, who was born in Northumberland county, in 1802, now resides on a farm in Iowa. Thomas M., who is the youngest of five brothers, was reared in Beaver county, attending the public schools and the Greersburg Academy, at Darlington., He clerked in a store and on a steamboat in early life, and subsequently embarked in mer- cantile trade at Rochester, at which place he was appointed postmaster in 1862, serving fifteen years. Since then he has been justice of the peace and notary public. He also carries on the boot and shoe trade in Rochester. He was married, in 1845, to Margaret, daughter of Daniel Skillenger, and a native of Beaver county; her parents were born in the New England States. Mr. and Mrs. Taylor's only son, Eugene W., now deceased, was a physician in practice in Venango county. Pa., at the time of his death. He was married and left two children: William and Thomas. Mr. Taylor is a Republican. He has been a member of the I. O. O. P. for thirty-six years. Chaklbs Tea, contractor and builder, also dealer in sand used for building pur- poses. New Brighton, was born in Beaver county, Pa., in 1847, and is the elder of the two children of Richard and Margaret (Hunter) Tea, the former of whom was the second son in the family of six children of Josiah and Hannah (Luther) Tea. The family are descended on the mother's side from Daniel Boone. Charles received a pub- lic-school training, and at the age of sixteen enlisted in Company B, 205th Regiment, P. v., serving one year as orderly sergeant. In his eighteenth year he commenced to learn carpentering of his father, and is now a successful contractor and builder, employing from ten to fifteen men. Mr. Tea married, in 1866, Mary M., daughter of Eugene Fleeson, of Irish parentage, and by her had five children, three now living: Amelia N., Eugene P. and Sarah Ploretta. Politically our subject is a Republican. He is a member of the K. of P. and G. A. R. Gborgb L. Tbbts, farmer, P. O. Zelienople, Pa., was born in New Sewickley township, Aug. 22, 1852, a son of Lewis and Caroline Teets, the former a native of Pennsylvania and the. latter of Prance. After their marriage they settled in Beaver county, where they have since resided. They have four children: Adam, George L., Lottie C. and Mollie. Lottie C. was.married, Oct. 27, 1881, to W. H. IfEt, a merchant at Zelienople; Mollie was married May 5, 1881, to W. H. Stockey, a hotel keeper at Evans City, Butler county. George L. married Jan. 26, 1881, Emma, daughter of Henry and Magdelena Zehner, and born in Butler county, Pa., Aug. 4, 1862 She is the mother of three children: Clara P., Mary and Carrie. Mr. Teets owns 118 acres of improved land. In politics he is a Democrat. He and his wife are members of the United Presbyterjan church. They live in the old home where Mr. Teets' father and mother have resided for thirty-seven years. John Teets, farmer, P. O. Zelienople, Pa., was born on the farm which he now owns and where he resided, in New Sewickley township, Aug. 8, 1848. His parents George and Margaret Teets, were natives of this county and died here. John was mar- BIOGRAPHIES BAST SIDE. 81Y ried March 14, 1883, to Ann C. Gudekunst, who was born in Butler county. Pa., June 11, 1860, a daughter of Jacob F. and Charlotte Gudekunst, both living in Butler county. Three children are the result of this marriage: Clifford A., Vesta A. and May E. Mr. and Mrs. Teets are members of the English Lutheran church. In politics he is a Repub- lican. He owns seventy -five acres of land where he resides. Ethan H. Thomas, retired, P. O. New Brighton, was born in Beaver county, Pa., in 1856, to John and Margaret (Hazen) Thomas, the former a farmer, and the latter a daughter of Samuel Hazen, of this county. They were the parents of ten children, three yet living. Ethan H . , when fourteen years old, was brought by his mother to New Brighton, and here attended the high school . After finishing his education he was employed in the drug business for five years, then carried on a feed store three years. In 1878 he married Ella, daughter of Daniel and Margaret (Riley) Kirkpatrick, and by her has had three children: Edith and Edna (twins, the former deceased), and Clara. Mr. Thomas was a member of the town council and of the Baptist church. In politics he is a Republican. J. W. Thomas, baggage master. P., Ft. W. & C. Ry., New Brighton, was born in Butler county. Pa., in 1845, to Austin (a carpenter), and Sarah (West) Thomas, parents of five children. J. W., the second child, and first son, attended the common schools and remained on the home farm until he was sixteen years of age, after which he was employed in a store and factory for a few years . In 1869 he commenced railroading, and for the past ten years has held his present position. He married, in 1866, Mary, daughter of James Rowland, and by her had five children: Agnes (deceased), Andrew M., George W., Lewis W. and Bertha B. Mr. Thomas is a member of the I. O. O. F. ; in politics a Democrat. R. H. Thomas, superintendent New Brighton Glass Company, was born in Alle- gheny county in 1851, only child of James (an iron-worker) and Ella (Wintonj Thomas. He was educated at the public schools, and has been connected with glass manufacturing ever since he was eleven years of age. For several years he was with Bryer & Bros., Pittsburgh; was a stockholder In the Cooperative Glass Works, at Beaver Falls; two years foreman for A. B. Mills, at Chartiers, on Lake Erie; and after that was appointed to his present position. He is the patentee of a new glass tank, which, though yet in its Infancy, has proved one of the most complete of the kind ever introduced for use in the manufacture of cheap glass. He resides with his mother at New Brighton . In politics he is a Republican. James K. Thompson, farmer, P. O. New Brighton, was born in this county, May 31, 1814, the eldest child of James and Margaret (Kennedy) Thompson. His grand- parents were Moses and Margaret (Whittaker) Thompson. James, father of our sub- ject, was a wheelwright, and later in life a farmer. James K. was reared on the farm and received a common-school education . In 1867 he bought his present farm of 100 acres. He was married in 1846, to Margaret, daughter of James and Sarah (Welch) McCleary, and they have had nine children, five of whom are living: Sarah (Mrs. Wal- lace), Margaret (Mrs. Davidson), Dwight, Grant and Eva (Mrs . Phillis). Mr. Thomp- son is a Republican, and has been school director. He is a member of the United Pres- byterian church. Jambs W. Thornilkt, retired machinist. New Brighton, was born May 20, 1819, the second son of Thomas and Margaret (Wiley) Thorniley, parents of eight children. The father came from England when four years of age (about 1790), and in 1818 settled in Beaver county, where he carried on cotton manufacturing. Caleb Thorniley, the pater- nal grandfather, was a farmer in Ohio. Our subject was reared in his native town, where, with the exception of a few years, he has always remained. He left school when nineteen, learned his father's trade, that of machinist, and for twenty-two years carried on a foundry and machine shop. He is now retired from active business, residmg near the spot where once stood Braden block-house, a noted resort during the early period of this county. Mr. Thorniley married, in 1849, Sarah, daughter of Jacob and Eliza Wiands, of Ohio . He is a F . & A. M . , and has been a member of the I . O . O . F. In politics he is a Republican. He is a member of the Presbyterian church. 818 HISTOEY OF BEAYEE COUNTY. RoBEKT TowNSEND was bom in Washington county, Pa., April 9, 1790, his father having removed a short time previous to that date from Chester county, Pa. "When six- teen years of age he repaired to Baltimore, Md., and there learned the trade of wire working, establishing himself, in 1816, in Pittsburgh, in that business. In 1828 he removed to Fallston, Beaver county, and erected a factory for the manufacture of iron wire, continuing this enterprise, as well as that in Pittsburgh, until 1861, when, owing to failing health, he retired from active business. His eldest son, 'William Penn Town- send, became associated with him in 1840, and he, with his two cons, Charles 0. and Edward P. Townsend, now continue the business, to which has been added the manu- facture of iron rivets, and recently of steel wire nails. Robert Townsend is a descend- ant of Richard Townsend, who came with William Penn to America in the ship " Wel- come," in 1683. Jacob Teax, merchant, Rochester, born in Allegheny county, Pa., Sept. 7, 1834, is a son of Lewis Trax. His parents came from Alsace, France, in 1817, and settled at Pittsburgh, where his father worked for a while at the weaver's business, having learned the trade in the old country . Lewis was a farmer, and had thirteen children. Jacob, the youngest, was reared in Allegheny county and educated in the public schools. He learned the cabinet maker's trade, which he followed for several years. In 1850 he came to Beaver county, and in 1877 he moved to the eastern shore and bought a farm of 200 acres, near Baltimore . He returned in 1886 and engaged in different kinds of busi- ness until he built his present store. He is an extensive owner of real estate in Rochester. Mr. Trax was married in Allegheny City, in 1847, to Catherine, daughter of Henry Knomeshu, and of German descent. 'Their children are Catherine, wife of D. A. Steiner; George H.; Emma, wife of Harry Hawkins, of Beaver Palls; JohnT.; Henry C; Lydia Ann, wife of E. B. Furnace, and Lewis. Mr. and Mrs. Trax are members of the Methodist Episcopal church, and he has been steward, class leader, trustee and Sabbath-school teacher. In politics he is a Democrat. J. Jacob Wagoner, farmer, P.O. Knob, was born in Germany, Feb. 31, 1809, a son of George P. and Christina E. Wagoner. He was married in Germany in June, 1835, to Eva, daughter of Henry Massenhold; came to America in 1839, and in 1840 settled on the farm where he still resides. They had nine children, eight of whom are living: Elizabeth, Conrad, Eva C, Jacob, Elnora, Margaretta, Caroline and George. Mr. Wagoner is a painter by trade, but has been engaged in farming all his life, and owns fifty acres of improved land. He and his wife were members of the German Re- formed church. In politics he is a Democrat. Mrs. Wagoner died Jan. 8, 1870, and since that time Mr. Wagoner and his son George have been living together. The latter married a daughter of Christian Wahl. George Wahl, farmer, P. O. Knob, was born in Germany, Jan. 15, 1810, and is a son of John and Soloma Wahl, who died in Germany. George was married in Germany, in January, 18B8, to Christina, daughter of Henry and Elizabeth Burg, and born Sept. 1, 1819. Mr. Wahl and his wife came to America in 1846, and settled in Beaver county, where they have since lived. They have had ten children, seven of whom are living: Jacob, Elizabeth, Caroline, George, Sophia, Margaret and Emma. Those deceased are Henry, John and Maltilda. Mr. Wahl Is a tailor by trade, but has been engaged in farming since coming to America. He owns sixty acres of improved land. He and his wife and children are consistent members of the Lutheran church. Christ Wahl, farmer, P. O. Knob, was born in Germany, May 18, 1812, a son of John and Sallie Wahl, who died in Germany. He immigrated, in 1838, to America, settled in Beaver county, and was married Jan. 28, 1843, to Charlotte Geier, who was born in Germany, Dec. 13, 1819, a daughter of Nicholas and Charlotte Geier, who came to America in 1840, and settled in Beaver county, where they died. Mr. and Mrs. Wahl have had nine children, two of whom, George and Charlotte, are deceased. Those living are Sophia, Elizabeth, Catherine, Christina, Caroline, Mary and Christ. Mr. Wahl is a shoemaker by trade, but has been engaged in farming all his life. He owns about ninety-four acres of land. He and his wife belonged to the Lutheran church Mrs. Wahl died March 30, 1883. BI0GEAPHIE8 EAST SIDE. 819 Michael Wahl, retired farmer, P. O. Brush Creek, was born in Germany, Marcli 14, 1825, a son of John and Sarah "Wahl, both of whom died in Germfiny. Michael married, March 10, 1855, Sarah, daughter of Jacob and Magdelena Martzolf, both deceased. Mrs. Wahl was born in Pennsylvania, Oct. 6, 1830, and has six children liv- ing: Mary, Cliarles, Jacob, Henry, Caroline and Emma. One daughter, Amelia, is deceased. Mr. Wahl was engaged in blacksmithing about twenty -live years. He owns 346 acres of fine land. He came to America in 1853, and has resided in Beaver county about thirty years. He and his wife are members of the German United Presbyterian church. Frank Wallace, farmer, P.O. New Brighton, was born in Pulaski township, this county, in 1837. William Wallace, with his wife, Mary, came from Ireland in 1790, and located at Sheffield, Pa. , where he engaged in farming and the timber busi- ness. He had four sons and four daughters. James, his eldest child and father of our subject, was nine weeks old when he landed in America with his parents. William Wallace came to Beaver county and purchased 300 acres of land in Pulaski' township. James was a wagon-maker, and purchased part of the 300-acre tract at the death of his father. He married Eleanor McClelland, who bore him nine children. Two daughters and three sons are now living, of whom Frank is the youngest. James Wallace served in the War of 1813. He died in his seventy-eighth year, and his wife in her eighty-sixth year. Frank was born and reared on the farm which he now owns, and which is part of the original tract purchased by his grandfather. He was educated at the public schools. In 1865 he married Euphemia, daughter of Henry Alcorn, of Pulaski town- ship, this county; they have no children. Mr. Wallace has held various township offices, and is a Democrat. He is a member of the Associate church. James D. Wallis, dealer in groceries and provisions. New Brighton, was born in Allegheny county in 1857, and is the eldest son in the family of seven children of David B. and Nancy A. (Carroll) Wallis, the former a carpenter. James spent his boyhood in his native county until eleven years of age, and then came with his parents to New Brighton, where for nearly sixteen years he was engaged in grocery and dry goods business, and in 1886 located at his present place. He married, in 1879, Sarah F., daughter of James D. and Ellen Harris, of this county, and to this union were born four children, three now living: Lewis J., William H. and Eobert M. Mr. Wallis is a member of the I. O. O. F. ; in politics he is a Democrat. David Warnock, farmer and justice of the peace, P. O. North Sewlckley, was born on the farm where he now resides Feb. 11, 1825, a son of David and Jane (Thomp- son) Warnock, natives of Pennsylvania, the former a farmer by occupation . They had eight children, five now living: Margaret, widow of Warren B. Parkinson; David; Thompson ; MarthaE., widow of John McClure ; MariaA., married to T. J. Marshall ; ann Robert Q. David was married, in 1851, to Eliza Jane, daughter of Jonathan Evans, a native of Pennsylvania, and a miller by occupation. To this union were born nine chil- dren: Horace G. and David E., attorneys in Dakota; Maggie Bell, Lewis D. and John J., commercial travelers; Robert, a merchant in Westmoreland, Pa.; Henry W., clerk; James C, bookkeeper, and Ralston K., with Lyons & Co., Pittsburgh. Shortly after his marriage Mr. Warnock moved to Lawrence county. Pa., and there carried on farm- ing until 1867. In 1864 he was elected auditor of that county, serving until 1867; then returned to his old homestead in Beaver county, where he has since resided. He was elected to his present position of justice of the peace in 1868; also held the office of school director two years. He and his wife are members of the United Presbyterian church, of which for many years he has been an elder. Politically Mr. Warnock is a Republican. Abraham West, farmer, was born in Knob, New Sewickley township, in 1835, a son of Peter and Agnes (Boyd) West, who were natives of Virginia and Allegheny county. Pa. , respectively. His fjither moved to the farm where Abraham now resides, in 1830, and died there April 30, 1865, and his wife in November, 1869. His paternal grandfather was Joseph West, who died in 1837, aged eighty years, and his maternal 820 HISTOEY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. grandfather was William Boyd. Abraham received his education in Franklin township and always lived at home, and continued on the same farm at his father's death. He married, in 1860, Mary Jane Sowers, who was horn in this county Sept. 6, 1887, and seven children have blessed this union, as follows: Virginia, wife of Omer Wilson; William Boyd, in Zelienople; Clinton P.; Joseph, who died April 27, 1888; Abraham Garret; Charles F. and Francis F. Mr. and Mrs. West are members of the Zelienople Presbyterian church. Abelaed Whisler, secretary of the American Fire Bricli Works of S. Barnes & Co. , Limited, was born in Pulaski township, Beaver county. May 13, 1841, a son of Benja- min and Mary (Kobinson) Whisler, natives of Pennsylvania, the former of German, and the latter of Scotch descent. His father was a carpenter, contractor and merchant. He had seveo children, of whom Abelard is the third. He was reared in Beaver county and attended the public schools, the Kenwood Institute and an academy in North Sewickley township. He taught school fpr five years and then embarked in mercantile trade in company with his father at New Brighton and at Beaver Falls, and carried on a success- ful business for seven years. His health failed, so he sold out, and for a time engaged in business which gave him outdoor exercise. In 1878 he accepted his present position and since 1884 has been a stock holder and secretary of the company. He has been twice married: first, in 1865, toMary A. Coulson, who died in 1883. They had three children: Liola (deceased), Sewell and Ernest. He was again married, in 1886, to Jennie E., daughter of Adam Winlow, of English descent. Mr. and Mrs. Whisler are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. He has held the offices of steward, class leader and trustee; is leader of the choir and Sabbath-school superintendent. In politics he is a Democrat. James K. White, physician. New Brighton, was born in Allegheny county. Pa., in 1845, is the second son of Samuel M. and Alice (Phillis) White. He was reared on the farm where he was born, and attended the public schools during winters until twenty years of age. In 1873 he commenced ihe study of medicine under ihe preceptorship of Dr. J. H. Ramsey; in 1878 he entered Cleveland Medical College, and graduated at the University of Louisville, Ky. After three years' practice in Washington county, Pa., he came to New Brighton, where he has since been engaged in his profession. In 1878 he married Nettie, daughter of John Graham, of Pittsburgh, Pa., and to this union have been born two children: Frederick Graham and Blanche Amelia. Doctor White was school director two years and re elected; he is an adherent of the United Presbyterian church; in politics he is a Eepublican. John White, farmer, P. O. Rochester, was born in this county Oct. 15, 1833, and is a son of Jacob and Catherine White. They were natives of Pennsylvania, and after marriage they settled in Beaver count}', where they remained until his death. His. widow is still living. John White was married, Feb. 11, 1856, to Mary A., daugh- ter of James and Eliza A. Prentice, who died in this county. Mrs. White was born July 24. 1838, and is the mother of eleven cliildren: Frank, Jacob, Samuel A., Elmer, Oscar, John P., Charles R., Walter, Minnie V., Nora E. and Martha A. Mr. White has been engaged in farming since his marriage, and is the owner of 119 acres of land. T. S. White, manufacturer. New Brighton, is a native of that town, and was born in 1852. His parents, Timothy B. and Olive B. (Howland) White, had six children, five of whom grew to maturity, T. S. being the third son and youngest child. His grandfather, Samuel White, a native of Burlington, N. J., married Sarah Balderston, and Timothy B. was their second son. The family came to Beaver county in 1838, locating in Sharon , and in 1840 moved to Pallston , where Timothy B . , f or several years, was engaged as a contractor and builder. In 1860 he commenced the building of bridges, and in 1868 established the manufacturing businefs now carried on by his sons, T. S. and Samuel P. , at Beaver Falls, T. S. was reared in his native town and graduated in civil engineering at Cornell University in 1878, since which he has followed his present business. He married, in 1876, Annie, daughter of George and Caroline (Appleton) Appleton, residents of Philadelphia and of English origin. Mr. and Mrs. White have BIOGEAPHIES EAST SIDE. 821 had three children, two of whom are living: Samuel and Theresa. Mr. White is a mem- ber of the school board, junior warden of the Episcopal church; politically he is a Republican. John J. Wickham, physician, Rochester, was born in Rochester, Pa., June 15, 1863, a son of Jervis and Anna (Hurst) Wickham, natives of Ireland. His father is a mechanical engineer, and has devoted most of his time to that occupation since he came to Rochester. He has been twice married. By his second wife he has two sons, of whom the Doctor is the younger . Our subject attended the public schools in Rochester, and commenced the study of medicine in that place while engaged in teaching school. In 1883 he attended the Medical College at Cincinnati, where he graduated in 1884. He practiced for a time in the hospital in Cincinnati, but not being satisfied with his know- ledge he went to New York City, where he took a post-graduate course. He then began practice in his native town, and has met with success. The Doctor is a congenial and social gentleman, and has many friends. He is a F. & A. M. and a member of the I. 0.0. F. John Wilhelm, farmer, P. O. Knob, was born in Germany, Nov. 13, 1847, and ife a son of Jacob and Christina Wilhelm. The father died in Germany, but the mother came to America and resided with her son John, until her death ; she died Jan. 33,1888,aged seventy-seven years and three months. Mr. Wilhelm was married April 17, 1873, to Elizabeth Drebert, who was born in Butler county. Pa., Jan. 19, 1854, a daughter of Conrad and Anna Drebert, the former of whom was born in Germany, and died in Butler county; the latter was born in Pennsylvania, and is still living in Butler county. 3Ir. and Mrs. Wilhelm are the parents of five children, three of whom are living: Amos, Frederick A. and Flora C. Martha M. and an infant are deceased . Mr. Wilhelm learned the shoemaker's trade in Germany. He owns eighty- five acres of land. He and his wife are members of the Lutheran church. Aaron Wilson, merchant, Rochester, was born in North Sewickley township, this county, March 9, 1843. His parents James and Barbara (Showalter) Wilson, were natives of Pennsylvania, and of German origin; the father was a farmer, and his family consisted of twelve children, of whom seven are living. Aaron, the seventh son, was reared on a farm, attending the district school and the Beaver Academy and Mount Union College, where he took a scientific course. He also took a theological course in Allegheny City, where he was graduated in 1870. He then accepted the charge of the Baptist church at Sharon, Pa., and for nearly ten years he was engaged in pastoral work. In 1877 he embarked in the mercantile trade at Rochester. He was married, in 1870, to Mary B., a daughter of Rev. A. K. Bell, D. D., a Baptist minister. Mrs. Wilson is of Scotch origin. They have five children: Adie K. B., Mary Bell, Nellie, Clara B. and James Earl. In politics Mr. Wilson is a Republican. He and three of his brothers were soldiers in the Union army. He was a member of Company B, 56th O. V. I., for four months. In early life he took an active Interest in secret societies, and was a member of the Masonic fraternity and others. He now expresses himself as op- posed to all secret societies. He takes an active interest in the Sabbath-school, and often preaches. He is a fluent speaker, and a candid and honest man. Joseph Wilson, manufacturer, Beaver Falls and New Brighton, was born in North Beaver, (now Lawrence county) Pa., in 1833. His parents were Jeremiah and Lydia (Davidson) Wilson. The latter, a daughter of William Davidson, of Scotch- Irish extraction. They had six children, five of whom grew to maturity, Joseph being the eldest. Joseph Wilson, grandfather of our subject, was a commissioned officer in the War of 1813, and at an early period settled in this county, where he followed farm- ing. Our subject was educated in the public schools, and when twenty-one began farm life. He also learned the trade of a carpenter, which he followed for some time. In 1853 he located in Fallston, this county, and in 1854 settled in New Brighton, where he operated a planing mill. In 1860 he formed a partnership with T. C. & C. Waddle. In 1864 the firm became T. C. Waddle and Joseph Wilson, and continued till 1867, when it became Waddle, Wilson & Co. (F. K. Brierly becoming one of the firm), and 822 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. the business was removed to Beaver Falls, where it has since been conducted. The firm is now WiTson & Brierly. At the time of the removal to Beaver Falls many busi- ness men had no faith in the success of the enterprise. The firm persevered, however, and the results have demonstrated their superior judgment. When success was assured those who had been skeptical invested in the undertaking, and by so doing achieved fortunes. Mr. Wilson has alfo been identified, since ]8€6, with various other business en- terprises. He is president of the Knott, Harker & Co. Kovelty Works, of the John H. Knott & Co. Flouring Mill, member of the Tile Works Co. and of the Beaver Palls Glass Works Co. ; vice-president of the First National Bank at Beaver Falls, besides holding other positions of trust. He was married, in 1844, to Isabella, daughter of Thomas Gilliman, of Lawrence county, Pa., and seven children were born to them, four now living: T. S., Martha Irena (Mrs. Harker), Ada A. (Mrs. Peatling), and Ella C. Mr. Wilson has been ten years a member of the town council, is an adherent of the Methodist Protestant church, and in politics he is a Republican. T. S. Wilson, brick manufacturer. New Brighton, was born Nov. 25, 1849, the oldest son of Joseph Wilson. He was educated at the common schools, and at the age of fifteen years began to learn the carpenter's trade. He was married, in 1871, to Emma, daughter of Philip Martsolf. They have five children; Harry, Ella, Sadie, Ada and Flora. In 1883, Mr. Wilson commenced his present business. The site of his yard has been used for brick making since 1830, and is the oldest brick yard in the county. The partnership of Wilson & Peatling has existed since 1887. They manufacture the line of fire brick known as ' ' Oak Hill. " Mr . Wilson is a member of the I . O. O . F . ; in politics a Republican. Chables F. Wintek, insurance agent. New Brighton, is a native of this county, the eldest son of Rev. Ferdinand E. and Hannah (Swartz) Winter, who were the parents of twelve children. Rev. Ferdinand Winter, a minister of the Reformed German church, was born in Germany, and soon after his immigration to this country settled in Beaver county, where he has preached to one congregation for forty-three years. Charles F. received a good common-school education, and at the age of twenty-one years learned the watchmaking trade, which he followed eighteen years. He was mar- ried, in 1861, to Adelaide, daughter of Benjamin Bedison. They have had eight chil- dren, six of whom are living: William E., Benjamin B., Charles Lewis, Amy S., Alfred T. and H. May. Mr. Winter is at present engaged in the insurance business, representing the Gerraania Life Insurance Company, of New York. He is also engaged in the manufacturing and introducing the valuable Keefer R. R. splice bar. For fifteen years he was leader and instructor of the New Brighton Cornet Band, and was a musician and drum major in the army. He is a F. & A. M. and a member of the K. of P. Stanton Woods, foreman, Rochester, was borp in Rochester July 25, 1855. His parents, Elisha and Harriet (Garver) Woods, were natives of Pennsylvania and of English origin. His father was a carpenter and contractor, and also learned tanning. His family consisted of eleven children, of whom Stanton is the youngest now living. The latter was reared in this county, educated in the common schools, and early in life learned the stone-moulding business. He worked for ten years with the Olive Stone Company at Rochester, and is now superintendent of the moulds. In politic.-, he is a Republican. Jacob WoosTEB, farmer, P. O. Beaver Falls, was born in New Sewickley town- ship Oct. 34, 1828. His parents were Jacob and Magdalene (Gohering) Wcoster, the former a native of Bavaria, Germany, a farmer, and the latter of Alsace, France (now Germany), daughter of William Gohering, a native of France; her mother's maiden name was Catherine Bear. JMr. and Mrs. Wooster were the Barents of six children: Catherine, Charlotta, Charles, Sophia, Elizabeth and Jacob. The parents were both born in 1786, and emigrated to America, the mother in 1803, and the father some ten years later. They settled on Brush Creek, this county, where they died; the former in 187« and the latter in 1876. Jacob was married to Adda, daughter of Joseph Girard, of French descent, and to this union have been born nine children, following living: Josephine, Stephen, Susan, Olive, Georgiana, Charles and Maud Augusta, all at home. Mr. Wooster BIOGRAPHIES EAST SIDE. 823 held the offices of school director, supervisor and township auditor one term each. In politics he is a Prohibitionist. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. Mr. Wooster is the owner of a beautiful home and farm of 211 acres highly cultivated. Jacob Young, Jr., farmer, P. O. New Brighton, is a son of Jacob and Catherine Young, both of whom reside in this county. He was born in Deichweiler, in the county of Rhinefalz Baerer, Germany, Feb. 20,1838; came to America in 1847 and settled in this county. He was married, Sept. 13, 1863, to Sophia Goehring, who was born in New Sewickley township July 10, 1843. Her parents, John and Margaret Goehring, were born in Germanj', and came to this country when quite young. They were married and set- tled in Lawrence county. Pa. , but afterward moved to Beaver county, where they resided for a number of years. They are at present living in Lawrence county. Mr. and Mrs. Young have ten children living: Katie M., Lizzie M., Emma V., Anna S., Bertha, Charles, Albert D., Mollie G., Amanda R. and John W. One son, Walter, is deceased. Mr. Young owns 150 acres of improved land. He and his wife are members of the United Presbyterian church. John H. Young, oil refiner, P. O. Freedom, was born in Beaver county, Pa., Jan. 30, 1852, and is a son of William and Jeanette Young, natives of Scotland. Soon after their marriage they came to America and settled in Beaver county, where they remained until the father's death, which took place in 1865. His widow survives him. They were the parents of six children, two living. John H. was married, Dec. 38, 1876, to Agnes M., daughter of Capt. T. W. and Sarah A. Fowler (now deceased). They have two children ; Edith Fern and Myrtle A. Mr. Young was elected to the office of justice of the peace, and has held three commissions He was engaged in the drug business eight years, and has been in the oil business four years. John Y. Zerglbr, farmer, was born Dec. 3, 1830, at Harmony, Butler county. Pa. , a son of Andrew H. and Mary ( Yotter) Zergler, natives of Northampton county. Pa . , and of Ohio, respectively. His father was a tanner, carrying on that business at Har- mony about thirty-seven years, and then traded for a farm in Butler county. About 1846 he bought the farm where our subject now resides, and the latter moved on to this place in 1851, having been married, Jan. 12, of that year, to Hannah Wise. She was born in the next house west of Mr. Zergler's farm, March 10, 1828, a daughter of John and Mollie (Funk) Wise. Seven children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Zergler: Andrew, (a druggist in Pittsburgh), Sarah (now Mrs. John Liebendorfe), John W., (a carpenter in Kansas), Caroline, (now Mrs. John Curry, of Lawrence county), Emmet, Elmer, Harvey H. and Ferdinand at home. Gbohge Zinkhan, farmer, P. O. Knob, was born in Germany Feb. 16, 1826. His parents, John and Mary Zinkhan , came to America in 1845 and settled in New Sewickley township, this county, where they died. George was married, Nov. 12, 1850, to Mary, daughter of Martin and Margaret Zinkhan. She was born in Germany, July 15, 1830, and the same year her parents came to America and settled in Beaver county, where they died. Mrs. Zinkhan is the' mother of eleven children, nine of whom are living: William, Caroline, George, Charles, Henry, Nicholas, Albert, Edwin and Anna. Those deceased are John and Lizzie. Mr. Zinkhan has been a farmer all his life, and owns forty-five acres of improved land. He and his wife are members of the Presbyterian church; in politics he is a Democrat. W. H. ZoRTMAN, farmer, P. O. Freedom, was born in Butler county. Pa., Jan. 17, 1819, and is a son of Henry and Margaret Zortman, natives of Pennsylvania. They lived some years in Butler county, then moved to Adams county, Ohio, where they died. Our subject was married, Nov. 25, 1841, to Hannah Wallice. She was born in Alle- gheny county, April 4, 1831, and is a daughter of George and Jane Wallice, who died in Alle"-heny county. Mr. and Mrs. Zortman have had ten children, of whom eight are living:°George, James, William, David. Margaret J., Lida, Albert and Nannie. Those deceased are John and Lewis. Mr. Zortman has been a farmer all his life, and owns sixty acres of improved land. He and his wife are members of the United Presbyterian church; in politics he is a Republican. CHAPTEE XXVIII. BIOGRAPHIES— SOUTH SIDE. Akchibald Agnbw, farmer, P. O. Sheffield, was born July 4, 1833, on a part of the old McCoy place, where his father then resided. His grandfather, Robert Agnew, was a native of Ireland, came to America, joined the continental army, and became one of the heroes of the revolution. He was captured, .and taken to Quebec and confined on an English prison ship three months. After the war he went to Cannonsburg, Pa., and from there to the wilderness of Beaver county. He settled on Raredon's Run, lived here about fifty years, and died at the home of his son. William, aged eighty-five years. He . was a member of the Old Seceder's church . His wife was Margaret Cornagy, who died young. They had three sons and three daughters. Of the sons William married Jane, daughter of David and Nancy (Shearer) McCoy. They had eight children, four of whom are deceased: John, Agnes, Esther and William. The last mentioned died in Libby Prison. Those living are Archibald, David, Jane and Samuel. William Agnew died at the age of seventy-eight years. He was a member of the United Presbyterian church; in politics a Democrat. Archibald Agnew, subject of this sketch, married Mary J., daughter of John Purdy. Three children have blessed this union: James P. (died young), John C. and Margaret, the latter wife of John Greene. Mr. and Mrs. Agnew are active members of the United Presbyterian church. He is a Democrat and has held various township offices. JosBPH ALEX.4.NDBB, farmer, P. O. Seventy-Six, is a grandson of Robert Alexander, of Scotch descent, who came to Beaver county at an early day and settled near Seventy- Six, then in Hopewell township, and died there. His wife was Nancy Phillis, and they had nine children: David, Joseph, James, Alice, Nancy, Rebecca and Margaret reached maturity; Alice (Mrs. Gilbreth) and Rebecca (Mrs. Glaspey) are yet living. David married Mary, daughter of Jacob Phillis. David Alexander was a man well known throughout the country, was born Feb. 14, 1806, and died on the old homestead, July 20, 1869. His widow was born in 1804, and is yet living. He was a Democrat and held the office of constable for twelve years or more. He was the father of six children, Margaret A. (Mrs. Johnston), Jacob P., Joseph, Eliza A., James M. and David S. Of these Joseph married Louisa, daughter of James S. Alexander. They have two chil- dren: James Ray and David A. Of these James Ray is married to Anna Newingham, and has two children: Joseph S. and William. Mr. Alexander is a Democrat, and has served sixteen years as constable and assessor of Independence township. He owns a farm of eighty-two acres. Joseph Allen, farmer, P. O. Industry, is a native of Washington county, Pa., born in 1817, of Scotch-Irish descent. Eli Allen, a farmer and a native of the same county, married Sarah Griffith, by whom he had three sons and two daughters, the eld- est of whom, Joseph, father of our subject, also born in Washington county, was a farmer and boat builder. He married Annie Thompson, of Fayette county. Pa., and she bore him five children. Jbseph, the third child, remained in his native county until 1866, when he came to Beaver county. He received a common-school education, and in early youth learned carpentering, which he afterward followed in connection with ship- building. For thirty-five years he was engaged on the river in various kinds of work on steamboats, as mate, engineer and captain. Retiring in 1878 he purchased the prop- 834 ^ BIOGRAPHIES SOUTH SIBE. 825 erty where he now resides, and devotes his attention to farming. He was married, in 1837, to Rebecca Jane, daughter of Robert and Elenor Lyons, of Irish extraction, and they have five children: Ruth Ann (now Mrs. Reed), Florilla, (now Gallagher), Marga- ret Marie (now Mrs. Gormley). Joseph, at home, and Sarah Jane (now Mrs. Surles). Mr. Allen and family are members of the Presbyterian church; he is a Democrat. Benjamin Andbbson, farmer, P.O. Murdocksville, Washington county, is a grand- son of Benjamin Anderson, of Scotch descent, but a native of Ireland. He first settled in Washington county, and later moved to Hanover township, Beaver county, where he died, aged about flfty-eight years. His wife was a Miss Campbell of an old Scotch family. They had eleven children, all born in Hanover township, of whom two are now living: Mrs. Betsey Shillito, of Beaver, and Mathew Anderson, of Hookstown. The others were John, Ella, Nellie, Mary, James, Edward, Benjamin, Robert and Benoni. Of these John moved to what is now Bockstown, then known as "Anderson Still House," and carried on distilling and milling until about 1848, when he removed to Independence and continued milling for a few years, and then went to California, where he died in 1857, aged fifty-eight years. His wife was Elizabeth, daughter of David Miller, and died young, leaving six children: Elizabeth, Benjamin, David M., Mary E., John and Samuel. Of these Benjamin and David M. accompanied their father to California. David lived awhile in Chili, South America, returned to Beaver coun- ty, studied medicine, and settled in Washington county. He was a surgeon in the late war. Benjamin left California and went to Honda, United States of Columbia, where he was superintendent of mining for an English syndicate. He remained for five years, super- intending from 100 to 150 natives, none of whom could speak English. He returned to Beaver county in 1877, crossing the Gulf of Mexico in a small boat. He owns 284 acres of land in Beaver county. In 1882 he went to Colorado in the interest of the Comstock Mining Company of Beaver, for whom he has made several trips. His wife is Orrie Burretta, daughter of David P. and Elizabeth (McDonald) Scott. James R. Anderson, farmer, P. O. Murdocksville, was born Aug. 30, 1830, on the old Anderson homestead settled bv his grandfather, William Anderson, a native of Ire- land. The latter married a widow Logan, who had one child, James Logan. William Anderson was shot through the shoulders by the Indians early one morning, but man- aged to escape to Fort Dillo w, which place his wife and youngest child reached in the night, James Logan, aged six years, and William Anderson, aged two years. James Logan remained with the Indians until he was twelve years old, and then made his way to Fort Mcintosh, but William Anderson never returned. Years afterward his children wrote - to their uncle, Thomas Anderson, making inquiries about their white relatives and stating that their father had become a chief. Their descendants had been educated at Carlisle, Pa. William Anderson, the pioneer, had six children: William, Alexander, Thomas, David, Mrs. Robert Calvin and John. Thomas was twice married. His first wife, a Miss Patton, had ten children: Juliet, David, William, Esther, Angeline, Mary, Sarah, Armor, Clarissa and Matilda. His second wife was Jane, daughter of James Patton, a native of Maryland. She died April 9, 1881, aged ninety-one years, the mother of three children: Catherine J., James R. and Alexander H. The parents were members of the Hopewell Presbyterian church, which Mr. Anderson helped to build, and of which he was for many years a trustee. James R. has been a successful farmer and owns 300 acres of land, a part of the old homestead. He has been twice married. His first wife was Elizabeth, daughter of Joseph Culley. She had one child, Ada M., who is the wife of Edward Inglefield. His present wife is Sarah, daughter of Peter Lance. She has four children: William T., Charlie B., Bertie J. and Ida May. Mr. and Mrs. Anderson are members of the Presbyterian church; he is a Republican. John Andbbson, miller, P. O. New Sheffield, was born Nov. 5, 1531, in Washing- ton county. Pa. His grandfather, John Anderson, came from Ireland and settled in West Virginia in an early day. His son, Andrew, was born in West Virginia and set- tled in Washington county, Pa., where he farmed until 1837; then removed to Raccoon township, Beaver county, where he died at the age of seventy-three years. He was a 826 HISTOKY OF BE AVER COUNTY. member of the old Seceder's church, in which he was for some time an elder. In politics he was a Democrat. He was an excellent lifer, and was always on hand mnster day. His wife, Hannah Wykoflf, died at the age of eighty-two years. Their children were Mary J., Nancy Ann, Margaret, Sarah, John, Catherine, James W , Andrew J. and William M. John was a farmer in Raccoon township until 1869, when he came to Hopewell township and engaged in milling. He first owned and operated a water and steam mill half a mile from New Sheflield, and in 1878, built the steam mill, which he has since operated in New Sheffield . He also ti&s a farm of fifty acres . He was married, June 21, 1855, to Mary E., daughter of James and Margaret (McCuone) Buchanan. Mr. and Mrs. Anderson are members of the United Presbyterian church, of which he has been an elder many years. In politics he is a Democrat; has held many township offices, and is now justice of the peace. Silas Aten, farmer, P.O. Frankfort Springs, is a son of Jacob and Eliza (Brown) Aten. His paternal grandfather was a native of Germany, settled in Hancock county, W. Va., and raised a large family. Jacob and Eliza Aten had nine children. The parents moved to Jefifersoa county, Ohio, where they died. Silas was married in West Virginia to Mary, daughter of Peter and Elizabeth (Carson) Peterson, the former of GermaQ aai the latter of Irish descent. Mr. and Mrs. Aten have four children living: Eliza E., Emma E., Luda C. and Ira O. Mr. Aten and wife are members of the Pres- byterian church, of which he is an elder. He came to Beaver county in the autumn of 1864 and bought 166 acres of land, which he has well improved. He owes his success in life to his own perseverance and industry. Geokgb Baker, farmer, P. O. New Sheffield, was born on Raccoon creek, April 28, 1837, and is a grandson of George Baker. The latter, with his parents and brothers, was captured by the Indians, but escaped while the savages were drunk. The father, who was a Bavarian, came to this country in the pay of the British during the Revolu- tion, but deserted and fought for the colonists. George Baker, Sr., was a farmer, and died at the age of ninety years. His children were George, Charles, Michael, John, Nellie, Isabella, Jane and Betsey. Michael married Mary Jane, daughter of George and Mattie (Young") Nickum, and by her had nine children: John, George, Joseph (killed at the battle of Chancellorsville), Martha, Eliza J., Malinda (deceased), Isabella, Adaline and Mary. Our subject was reared in this township, and chose the business of farming. Start- ing in life with nothing, he now owns two farms, containing 102 and seventy -six acres, respectively. His wife is Emeline, daughter of James and Agnes (Christy) Warnock. They have nine children: James O., Calvin Q., Daniel W., Joseph H., Michael, Lillie M., Vistie A., Vinnie J. and Eddie 0. The parents are members of the Presbyterian church at New Sheffield, of which Mr. Baker has been an elder. He takes great inter- est in church and school matters. Two of his sons, Daniel W. and Michael, have been teachers. George Bechtel, merchant, P. O. Water Cure, was born May 30, 1843, in Schem- mern, near Cassel, Germany. His father. Rev. George Bechtel, a minister of the Reformed church, lived and died in Germany. He was educated in the universities of of Leipsic and Heidelberg, and could speak seven languages. He was an earnest worker, and had charge of seven congregations. His wife, Margaretha Tourte was the mother of eight children: Wilhelm, Matilda and Charlotte who are deceased and Ernst, Mary, Henry, George and Fred, living. Wilhelm was a captain in the civil war Fred is a music teacher in Allegheny, and Henry is also a resident of Allegheny' George was educated in Germany, and learned mercantile business there. At the age of twenty he came to this country and located in Pittsburgh, where he clerked for four years. He then came to Phillipsburg, where he has since been engaged in mercantile busmess, keeping a general store. His first wife was Emelia, daughter of Antony Knapper. She died here. His present wife is Mary Miksch, a native of Bohemia She has two children: Emelia and William. The parentsare members of the Reformed church. Mr. Bechtel is a Democrat, and has filled several town offices. Robert Biddlb, gardener, P. O. Water Cure, is a grandson of Spencer Biddle who BIOGRAPHIES SOUTH SIDE. 827 came from England with his brother. The family is of French descent. Spencer Bid- die married Sarah 8. Pierce, and settled on the eastern shore of Maryland, where he kept a merchant mill. He lost a vessel loaded with goods, and this loss caused him to move west. He settled on Fish Creek Island, in the Ohio river, in Marshall county, Va., where he bought a large tract of land; brought negroes and fine blooded stock with him and became a leading man in his section. He kept a hotel there, and was nearly ninety years old when he died. His wife died in "Wheeling, W. Va. They had seven children. Of these Lloyd was a farmer, and died in Pleasant county, W. Va., aged ninety years. His wife, Francis Wikart, of German descent, died at the age of eighty-seven years. They had eleven children. Of these Robert followed the river from an early age until he was forty-five years old. He was a deck hand two years and then was mate twenty-four years on the upper and lower Mississippi and Missouri, the upper and lower Ohio and the Red and Ouchata rivers. In 1865 he came to Phillips- burg. After this he was for a while engaged in steamboating, then began gardening, which he has continued to the present time. He has a garden of about twenty acres, and supplies New Brighton and Beaver Falls with his produce. He is married to Mary E. Hayward. They are members of the Presbyterian church. Mr. Bidale is a Republican. Samoel Bigger, farmer, P. O. Frankfort Springs, was born Oct. 19, 1819, in Han- over township. The progenitor of the family in America was Thomas Bigger, a son of Matthew Bigger, a native of Scotland, who, on account of religious persecutions, fled to Ireland. Matthew was the father of six children: John, James, Samuel, Thomas. Jane and Elizabeth, wife of John Anderson. They lived in County Antrim . The three eldest sons remained in Ireland; the rest, accompanied by the mother, came to America, landing in Baltimore Oct. 16, 1773. Thomas was thirty-five years old when he came to America. He settled near Raccoon creek, Washington county. Pa.; was a weaver by occupation, and was a leading man in those early days. He married in Ireland, in 1773, Elizabeth Moore, of an old and wealthy family, who objected to her marriage with Mr. Bigger, which fact prompted them to emigrate. They were the progenitors of a numer- ous family, and died on the old homestead. Of their ten children James married Mary Biggart, and in 1816 settled in Hanover township, where they died. James Bigger was a man of good sense and ability, and became the father of nine children: Samuel, Jane, Mary, Thomas, Eliza A., Ellen, James M., John and Robert. Of these Samuel, our subject, is a thoroughly self-educated and well-informed man. He married Jane, daughter of James Fulton, of Washington county, and four children have blessed this union: James, a lawyer, in Chicago; John, Laura, and Mrs. Nettie Stephenson. Mr. and Mrs. Bigger are members of the United Presbyterian church; politically he is a Democrat. Thomas Bigger, farmer, P. O. Frankfort Springs, was born Jan. 9, 1826, on the old Bigger homestead in Hanover township, where his father, James, settled in 1816. The farm consisted of 400 acres of wild land originally entered by Magnus Tate, an eastern man. Thomas Bigger was reared and educated in his native county, and has always been a farmer. He still has a farm of sixty-one acres near the famous Frankfort Springs. He was married, Nov. 2, 1854, to Mary Nicholson, a native of Frankfort, where she was born May 6, 1834. ■ She is a daughter of Hon. Thomas and Rebecca (Stewart) Nicholson. The former settled in Frankfort in 1833. Mr. and Mrs. Bigger are the parents of three children: Ellis N., an attorney at Beaver; Inez J., and James Carl. Mr. Bigger, wife and daughter are members of the United Presbyterian church . He has been a Republican since 1860, having been a Democrat previous to that time. J. M. Bigger, hotel-keeper, P.O. Frankfort Springs, was born March 31, 1834, on the old Bigger homestead in Hanover township. His father, James Bigger, served in the War of 1812, and was stationed at Fort Maiden, on the lakes. J. M. was reared and ed- ucated in this county, and previous to engaging in the hotel business, was a farmer. He owned 200 acres of the old farm, which he sold in 1884, and bought the Frankfort Min- eral Springs property, on which he has made great improvements. The summer re- sort opens July 1st . 828 HISTORY OF BEAVBE COUNTY. Henry Bimbeu, lumber merchant, P. O. Water Cure, is a native of Germany, aud a son of George Bimber, of Hesse-Cassel, who was a large hotel-keeper, a prominent man in his town and a major of militia. George married Marie Tourte, a descendant of an old Huguenot family that was driven out of Paris at the time of the French revo- lution. Mrs. Bimber died in 1876, aged sixty-four years, the mother of four boys, of whom only Henry is living. The latter was well educated in his native country, in the gymnasium and polytechnic institute in his native town. In 1854 he came to America and settled in Phillipsburg. He has spent much time in traveling. In 1870 he returned to Germany on the occasion of the death of his father, and sailed on the last German ship that crossed during the Franco-Prussian war. The vessel was bombarded by a French man-of-war, and landed in England. He remained in Germany until 1884, when he returned to Phillipsburg. He was married here to Josephine, daughter of Dr. Acker, the founder of the Water Cure at Phillipsburg. They have four children: George A., who was educated in Germany and is now a druggist in Allegheny City; Mary, born in America; Edward and Carl, born in Germany. The parents are members of the Lutheran church. Mr. Bimber has been a teacher in the German school of Phillips- burg. He is an active worker in and superintendent of the Sunday-school. He is a Republican. Thomas Blackmoee, blacksmith, P. O. Hookstown, was born Sept. 9, 1832. His great-grandfather was a native of Maryland, and lived for some years in Beaver county. His grandfather, Nathaniel Blackmore, married Mary Patterson and resided several years in Greene and Hanover townships, this county, but died in Meigs county, Ohio. Their son John was born in Hookstown in 1804, and died at the age of seventy-six years. John married Mary, daughter of Robert Laughlin, and they had eight children: Matilda, Thomas and William (twins), Mary, Elizabeth, Sarah, Lucinda^ and John. Thomis, the subject of this sketch, married Sophia Wright, and to them have been born three children: John W., Mary A. and Bertha. Mr. Blackmore is a thorough mechanic. His father and grandfather were both blacksmiths, as is his son, John W. Mr. Black- more has also been successful as a stockman, and in his stables may be seen the " Duke of Dunblane," " Prince of Normandy," "Messenger Billy," and the colt, "Pride of Scotland." Jacob Bokn, fariner and dairyman, P. O. New Sheffield, was born .June 16, 1849, in Canton Berne, Switzerland. His parents, John and Magdelena (Sherich) Born, came to America with their children in 1853, and settled in Pittsburgh, where the father followed his. trade, that of carpenter, until his death. He left four children, John, Jacob, Barbara and Magdalena; the last two died about four years ago . John is janitor of the City Hall, Pittsburgh. The mother afterward married John Kaiser, and moved to Monroe county, Ohio, with the family, and engaged in farming there. He married Mary Kanzig, by whom he has six children: John W., Charles A., George J., Benja- min H., Lena and Louis P. Mr. Born is a Republican. He resides on his brother's farm, which he cultivates for him, and which contains a gas well. He ships about 200 quarts of milk to Pittsburgh daily. John M._ Boyce, farmer, P. O. Seventy-Six, is a son of Robert Boyce (deceased), a man of sterling worth and a prosperous farmer, who was born near Cannonsburg, Pa., Sept. 15, 1800, and moved to Beaver county in 1851. He started in life poor, and ac- cumulated a valuable property of 140 acres, where John M. now resides. He was a member of the Hopewell Presbyterian church, and in politics a Republican. His wife Flora, was born Jan. 10, 1804, and was a daughter of Samuel and Jane (Patterson) Stewart. She had two children, who are now living, Jennie P born July 36 1836 and John M., born July 37, 1 839. The latter is a successful farmer and a respected man' f ollowmg m the footsteps of his father. He was married to Louisa E daughter of Samuel Eachel. They are members of the United Presbyterian church- Mr Boyce is a Republican. ' Aakon Boyd farmer, P. O. Harshaville, was born July 1, 1823, on the farm where he was reared and educated and where he now resides, containing 340 acres. His grand- BICGEAPHIES —SOUTH SIDE. , 82^ father, John Boyd, who was of Irish descent, settled near Frankfort, in Hanover town- ship, Beaver county, and died at the home of his daughter, Mrs. Sallie Moore. He was- a farmer, and had a large family. His son, John Boyd, was born July 30, 1783, and died April 3, 1870, at the home of his son, Aaron. He was married, in October, 1807, to Agnes, daughter of Thomas Moore, who came here when the Indians were still in the county, and a blockhouse stood near where Mrs. Eliza Moore now resides. Mrs. Boyd was born Dec. 15, 1789, and died Aug. 13, 1869. She was the mother of twelve chil- dren: Margaret, Martha, Mary, Thomas, Sarah, Eliza, Samuel, Aaron, Eleanor, Agnes, John and Esther. Aaron married, Feb. 3, 1871, Martha, daughter of James Plotts, a bugler, who was killed in the Civil War . Seven children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Boyd: Harvey, Ava, James, Robert A. (died at the age of seven years), Hally, Mitchell and Maud. Mr. Boyd is a thorough-going business man; in politics a Democrat. James Bbaden (deceased) was a native of Raccoon township, Beaver county. Pa., born in 1818. His ancestors were among the pioneers of this county, whose experi- ences in the wilderness and among the Indians are recorded in history. He was a son of John and Mary (Phillips) Braden; who were the parents of five children, he being the second son, born and reared on the homo farm. At the death of his father he inherited the property, consisting of 433 acres, subsequently reduced to 300 acres. Mr. Braden married, in 1835, Ellen, daughter of William and Margaret (Patterson) Elliott, of Jefferson county. Pa., and to this union were born eleven children, six yet living: John, Thomas (married), Isabella and Beckie J., at home, Margaret and Rachel, mar- ried. Mr. Braden died in 1866, a life-long farmer; in politics a Republican. His widow is a member of the United Presbyterian church, as are her children, with the exception of John and Isabella, who are Methodists. William Bbticb, farmer, P. O . Shafer's, was born on the old Bruce homestead in Hopewell township, Jan. 31, 1829. His great-grandfather, Charles Bruce, was born in Scotland, came to this country in youth, and is buried on the old homestead in Moon township, and his son, George, lived and died on the above place, where he had a large tract of land, which was divided among his sons. He (George) married Hannah Gun, whose second husband, Joseph Rambo, lived on Raccoon creek. George Bruce had seven children: Charles, Abraham, Jacob, John, William, Peggie and Jane. Of these Charles married Margaret, daughter of Daniel Christy, a native of Ireland, and a well- known man who held the office of county commissioner and auditor. Charles Bruce and wife died near the old homestead. Their children were George, Daniel C, David, William, Joseph R., J. Rodgers, Robert, Rebecca and Hannah. J. Rodgers died in Andersonville prison. William Bruce owns a farm of 135 acres. He has been married twice. His first wife was Malinda Baker, whose grandfather was captured by the Indi- ans. She died, leaving three children: Margaret J., Elmer and Ida. Mr. Bruce's present wife is Elizabeth, daughter of Michael Mateer, Sr. She has five children: Caroline, Louisa, Elizabeth, William J. and Charles R. IIoMER Bby.\k, farmer, P. 0. Shafer's, was born in Mechanicsburg, this county, Nov. 14, 1857. His great-grandfather, John Bryan, a native of Ireland, came to Amer- ica when a young man, and died in Beaver county. He had nineteen children. His son Thomas, was a doctor, and practiced under the old school twenty -five years; then adopted the Homeopathic system, which he followed twenty-five years. He died in Sheffield, in September, 1877, aged about seventy-eight years. His wife was Jane P., daughter of Samuel Nichols, and died in July, 1877, aged seventy-eight years. Her children were, Mary S., Samuel N., Jane P., John and Margaret, who are living; and George, who was killed at the battle of Gaines' Mill, and Henry, who was drowned in Raccoon creek. John Bryan read medicine with his father and Dr. J. F. Cooper, and in 1866 was graduated from the Cleveland Homeopathic College. He resides in Moon township, where he owns a farm of 140 acres. He married Elizabeth, daughter of James Reed. Their son. Homer, was married, in Beaver Falls, March 38, 1883, to Ida Bryan, adopted daughter of Anderson and Rebecca (Alcorn) Braden. She was born Feb. 14, 1857. They have one son, John Bryan, Jr., born May 13, 1884. Mr. and Mrs . Bryan are members of the North Branch Presbyterian church . 47 S3 3 HISTORY OF BE AVER COUNTY. Robert Bryarly, farmer, P. O. Frankfort Springs, was born Feb. 14, 1805, on the old Br jarly homestead in Hanover township, where his grandfather, Patrick Scott, ■entered 430 acres of land in February, 1785, besides several other large farms in the neighborhood. This was about the time old Thomas Armour and James Hartford first settled in this county. Kobert Bryarly was named after his father, who was born in Maryland, of Scotch-Irish descent. He married Sarah, daughter of Patrick Scott, near Little York, Pa. The young couple came west about 1796, and settled on one-half of the original 430 acres mentioned above. They had six children: Susannah, John, James, Patrick S., Robert and Mrs. Nancy Smith, of Iowa. Rcibert Bryarly, Sr., was born Oct. 16, 1773, was married Oct. 14, 1793, and died March 29, 1843. His wife was born May 11, 1774, and died April 18,1837. Our subject is a farmer, and holds 118 acres, a part of the old homestead. He married, April 33, 1838, Elizabeth Smith, who was born June 18, 1800, at Saw Mill Run, seven miles west of Pittsburgh, and died Aug. 19, 1884. Her children were Jane, Sarah, William C, Elizabeth, Margaret and Robert 8. The family are all members of the United Presbyterian church. Mr. Bryarly is a Republi- ■can. His son, William C, works the home farm. Joseph Kerk Buchanan, farmer, P. O. Kendall, was born in Hancock county, W. Va. , near Chapman's Landing, and is a son of John and Margaret (Chambers) Buchanan. His father died when Joseph was three months old, and, at the age of three years he was left an orphan by the death of his mother. He had three brothers, Janjies, Thomas and John. James went to Nebraska, and from there enlisted in the army where he suffered severe hardships, which eventually caused his death. Thomas started for California in the spring of 1853, and died on the Platte river. John, a mute, is a carpenter at Hannibal, Mo. Joseph at the age of four years, was bound out to Aaron Moore, whose parents, Thomas and Margaret (Hutchinson) Moore, came from Lancaster county. Pa. They were •classed among the wealthy people of Beaver county and owned over 1,000 acres of land. Aaron Moore married Polly, daughter of David and Nancy (Kennedy) Stevens. The latter's mother was captured by the Indians. Aaron Moore was a miller on the west branch of Little Traverse, and also owned 100 acres of land. He died childless, Feb. 17, 1879, and his wife died Feb. 37, 1874. They were members of the Mill Creek Pres- byterian church. In the article of indenture it was stipulated that Joseph K. Buchanan should be bound to Mr. Moore until age of seventeen; should receive board and clothing, and be sent to school till he could learn to read and write and cipher " till the single rule of three." He was treated as a son by Mr. and Mrs. Moore. At the age of four- teen lie went into the mill, asthma having prevented Mr. Moore's active life there, and he continued to operate the mill until after he was seventeen years old, and helped to pay off a debt incurred by Mr. Moore in building a house. Feb. 16, 1865, he was mar- ried to Martha T., daughter of James Bigger. She was born April 19, 1830. They have two sons: Rev. Aaron M., of Morgantown, W. Va., and James B. Mr. and Mrs. Buchanan are members of the Mill Creek Presbyterian church; in politics he is a Dem- ocrat. He is the largest land holder in the township, owning 700 acres. Jambs Burneson, farmer, P. O. Water Cure, was born May 29, 1834, a son of Samuel and Mary Ann (Cochran) Burneson, natives, respectively, of County Armagh, Ireland, and Scotland. They came to America about 1815, and located in Pittsburgh! About 1831 they moved into Moon township. Samuel Burneson was a farmer, and died March 3, 1863, aged eighty-two years. His wife died Mav 27, 1837, aged forty-three years. They had eleven children: William, Agnes, Jane" Samuel, Thomas, James, Mary A., Isabella, John, Margaret and Andrew. The parents were members of the Associate church; the father was aDemocmt, and he filled several township offices James was educated here, and owns a farm of 100 acres, a part of the old homestead! He is married to Rebecca J. Thompson, and had nine children: Martha A., Mary J., Rebecca J., Robert S., Maggie E., Sarah M., James T., Thomas A. and Fannie J. Mary J. and Maggie E. are deceased. The parents are members of the United Presbyterian church; Mr. Burneson is a Republican. • Thomas BnTLBK, farmer, P. O. Seventy-Six, is a grandson of Simon Butler, who BIOGEAPHIES SOUTH SIDE. 831 settled in Beaver county about the beginning of this century. He was of TVelsh descent and came here from the eastern part of the state. He had six children: Eliza, Benjamin, Simon, Sarah, Peter and John. Benjamin was born here and married Jane, daughter of Thomas and Catherine McElhaney, and now resides in Alabama. His wife died in Beaver county. Their son, Thomas, subject of this sketch, has lived all his life in Beaver county with the exception of a short time spent in California. He owns 230 acres. He is married to Sarah A., daughter of Samuel Morgan. They have had seven children: Emma J., Benjamin, Samuel M., John T., Charles H. and Clara K., living, and Mary E., who died at the age of fourteen. Mr. and Mrs. Butler are m^mbjr^ of M )ciat Olivjt Presbyterian church, of which he is a trustee. Politically he is a Democrat . J. W. BuTZ, wagon maker, P. O. Frankfort Springs, is of German descent. His grandfather, Nicholas Butz, was born in Germany, and was married there to Maria Migdalena Younker. They located in Northampton county. Pa., but later came to Mercer county, wliere the father died; the mother died in Wayne county; both were over eighty -five years of age. They had five children; of these David, born Jan. 39, 1801, came to Ginger Hill, Washington county, and from there went to Beallsville, where he learned the shoemaker's trade. He married, July 31, 1834, Amy, daughter of Job Pyle. She was a native of Washington county, and died July 13, 1871, aged sixty- four years. David Butz resided at Beallsville from date of settling there until 1884, when he made his home with his son Joe W., where he died Sept. 22, 1887. They had eight children: Eli, Emily, David, John, Joe W., Job, Mary A. and Sarah C. Our subject was born March 11, 1831, in Beallsville, Washington county, Pa. He learned the cabinet maker's trade in Washington, Pa., and followed it for some time. He went west five times, visiting twelve states. Later he began work as a wagon maker, and although he never learned that trade, he has been very successful. He was married, in Frankfort Springs, Pa., to Kate, daughter of J. S. Campbell, and they have had two children, only one of whotn is living — -Mrs. Ella M McKenzie. In July, 1863, Mr. Butz enlisted in Company E, 61st P. V., Capt. William Glenn, and participated in the battles of the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, Cold Harbor, and in the battles in front of Petersburg. Politically he is a Republican. Mrs. Kate Butz' mother was Rosannah Teel. The lat- ter was a daughter of John Teel who fought in the Revolution, and afterward settled in Hanover township; he was captured by the Indians, but escaped from them at night, and while being pursued, he ran around a tree followed by a big Indian; then suddenly wheeling, Mr. Teel sank the Indian's own^omahawk into his pursuer's head; then scalped him and escaped. Milton Cai,hoon, farmer, P. O. Hookstown, was born in Greene township, Feb. 12, 1818. His grandfather, William Calhoon, a native of Ireland, came to Beaver county at an early day, and finally settled near Shippingport, in Greene township, where he died. He was a prosperous man and a large landholder. He had nine chil- dren, of whom William, a farmer by occupation, was born in Greene township, and died there at the age of sixty-two years. His brothers, John and James, were tanners in Hookstown; Richard died in Raccoon township, aged four score years; Samuel lived near Smith's Ferry, and died in Ohio, aged eighty-seven years. William Calhoon mar- ried Elizabeth, daughter of James Hutchison, an old pioneer on the Raccoon creek. Mr. Hutchison was a grand old man, honest and upright. Besides his own family of four children, he brought from Scotland four poor children, who lived and died with him. Elizabeth Calhoon died at the age of eighty-flve years; she had ten children: John, James, Richard, Robert, Milton, George, Thomas, Joseph, Elizabeth and Mary. Milton Calhoon has been a successful farmer. Beginning life poor, by industry and good management he has succeeded in accummulating a competence. He owns three farms containing altogether about 360 acres. He married Phoebe, daughter of James and Polly (Foster) Mackall. Mrs. Mackall's father was Thomas Foster, a leading man in Georgetown in his day, Mr. and Mrs. Calhoon are members of the Presbyterian church.. They have seven children: Mary, James, Thomas, Walter, Ida, Samuel and 832 HISTORY OF BBAVEE COITNTY. Hamilton. Mr. Calhoon is aKepublican. Five of his brothers were captains and four were owners of vessels. His son Walter is general agent for the State of Missouri for the German Insurance Company. Thomas S. Calhoon, steamboat captain, Georgetown, was born Aug. 15, 1834. His grandfather, William Calhoon, was a farmer in Greene township, and died young; Ms wife, Elizabeth (Hutchison) survived him many years, and was the mother of nine children: John, Riphard, James, Thomas, Joseph, Elizabeth, Mary, Milton and George. Of these, John was born on the home farm near Georgetown; he was a river captain, and was drowned in the Ohio river. Elizabeth died young. Mary is the wife of Captain Stockdale, of Allegheny City. All the boys were captains. John married Nancy, daughter of Thomas Steiihenaon; she died a few years after her husband, the mother of seven children, and those living are Thomas S., Mrs. Hattie Nelson, Mrs. Elmira Smith, and William. Thomas S. began life on the river at an early age, and when twelve years old he made a trip to Nashville on the " Caledonia." He has been a captain since 1863, and is now in command of the " Katie Stockdale," plying between Cincinnati and Pittsburgh. He was married, Jan. 8, 1867, to Amanda, daughter of Charles Calhoun, and they have two children: Harriet, at Beaver College, and Mary E. Captain Calhoun is a Democrat. Johnston Calhoun, of Hookstown, Greene township, was born Sept. 19, 1813. The progenitor of this family was Gloud or Thaddeus Calhoun, of Ireland, who married a sister of Lord Blaney, at Blaney's Castle (now called Blarney). His son William mar- ried a Miss Sprowl, a daughter of Jane Johnston, who escaped the siege of Derry by hiding in a potato furrow. Since her time Johnston has been a family name among her descendants. William had a son Johnston and a daughter Jane. Jane married a dis- tant relation in Ireland, named Samuel Calhoun. They came to America.and settled in South Carolina. The great statesman, John C. Calhoun, was their son. Johnston also- came to America in 1790, in the brig " Cunningham," and landed in Philadelphia. He lived three years in Kennigojig, Pa., then went to Washington county and rented a farm where the Washington County Home now stands. He sold provisions to the government troops commanded by George Washington, when he was sent to quell the whisky insurrection. In 1800 he bought over 300 acres of land at Mill Creek, where he died Dec. 10, 1835, aged eighty-two years. His wife, Jane Donnehay, died in 1833, aged eighty-two years. Their children were William, Joseph, Robert, George and Ann (Mrs. Littell). Joseph married Jane, daughter of William Littell, Esq. He and his wife both died at Mill Creek, the former June 30, 1845, aged fifty-eight years, the latter Nov. 31, 1863, aged seventy-one years. They had six d^ighters and two sons: Johnston, Mary, Ann, Eliza, Alice, Lovina, Joseph and Agnes. Johnston, the subject of this sketch,, carried on farming and sheep raising successfully till 1872, since which time he has lived a life of retirement, for some years in Beaver, this county, and for the last few years in Hookstown. His first wife died leaving eleven children: Jane (now Mrs. Isaac D. Sib- ley, of Colorado), Mary (now Mrs. John Gallaspie, of Colorado), Isabella A. (now Mrs; Fleck, of Wyoming), Joseph (now pastor of the United Presbyterian church of Indian- ola, Iowa), John and Henry D. (both now of Colorado), Eliza (now wife of Rev. M. M. Carleton, both missionaries in India), Johnston C. (now a minister in Viola, 111., United Presbyterian church), George N. (now of Washington Territory), Emma (now Mrs. Andrew Hunter, of Colorado), and Samuel (who died in Huntsville, Ala., about 'i866). His second wife, Sarah Shirts, died leaving one child, Alice, now Mrs. Frank Pittenger, of Ohio. His present wife is Maggie A. Calhoun, daughter of Samuel Cal- houn, of Bellaire. Ohio. He has been from time to time called to fill positions of trust and responsibility, and has never failed to give full satisfaction. He was elected a school director, and served as such for a number of years; also as justice of the peace of Beaver county. Was a delegate of the Christian Commission twice during the war; first, to the Potomac army at Washington City, and sent from there to Virginia; second,' to Cumber- land army in Tennessee and Alabama. He organized and taught a Bible class in each army, over and above the duties devolving upon him as a delegate, and was presented by them with a written testimonial of their esteem and regard of him as a Bible teacher. BIOGEAPHIES SOUTH SIDE. 833 James S. Calvert, farmer, P. O. New Sheffield, was born in Allegheny City, May 1, 1832. The history of the Calvert family may be traced back to three brothers of the name, who fled from Scotland on account of political troubles, and settled in three different coanties in the Nortli of Ireland. The descendants of these brothers are scat tered throughout the Uaited States. The progenitor of the Beaver county Calverts was Alexander, a native of County Down, Ireland. His son, James, was married in Ireland, to Ann Small, and coming to this country settled in Pittsburgh, where James worked at ropemaking. In 1835 he came to Moon township and bought 116 acres of land, on which he died in 1859, aged sixty-six years. His widow died in 1880, aged eighty-two years. They had seven childrfen. all of whom are living. James and Ann Calvert were active members of the United Presbyterian church. He was a Democrat. His son, James S., was reared on the homestead, on which he now resides. During the gold excitement he went to California by the Vanderbilt route, via Nicaragua and Costa Rica. He engaged in mining and prospecting there with varied success, and was for a time foreman of the Rodgers quartz mill, near Virginia City, Nev. He had many thrilling adventures with the Indians. At one time his party of twelve was surrounded by 300 Indians, but escaped by making a bold rush. He is unmarried and his sister Kate keeps house for him. He is a member of the United Presbyterian church at Raccoon; in pol- itics a Republican, and has been justice of the peace fifteen years, and jury commis- sioner, one term . William M. Calvert, merchant. New SheiHeld, was born April 2, 1839, in Moon township. His grandfather, Richard Calvert, was born in the highlands of Scotland, ■where his two uncles fought under Sir William Wallace. After his defeat the family were banished and went to County Down, Ireland, where James, father of William M., was born. James Calvert was married in Ireland to Ann, daughter of James Small. The latter participated in the great Irish rebellion, was taken prisoner and died soon after his release. James Calvert came to America and settled in Baltimore, Md., in 1815; thence he came by wagon across the mountains to Pittsburgh, and followed his trade of rope making in Allegheny county until 1833; then came to Moon township, Bea- ver county, and bought a farm of Robert Potts. He died at the age of sixty -six years, his wife at the age of eighty-three years. They had seven children, all of whom are now living: Bella, Mary, Alice, James, Catharine, Rev. A. H. Calvert, of the United Presbyterian church, and William M. The last named was educated in Beaver county, and began his mercantile career in November, 1863, in New Sheffield, where he bought out David Patton. He started with little capital, and has been successful. He was burned out Jan. 31, 1887, and in six weeks from that time he had erected a handsome two-story store and resumed business. He buys and sells large quantities of wool, and owns a farm of sixty-five acres, on which is the largest gas wells in the county. His wife is Elizabeth, daughter of Joseph Wallace,- and they have ten children: Joseph, James, Bella, Charles, Anna, Vallie, Bessie, Willie, Guy and Alice. Mr. and Mrs. Calvert are members of the United Presbyterian church; in politics he is a Republican. William Campbell was born of Scotch parentage, and while young was indentured to a Mr. Henry Craig to learn the weaving trade in the State of Maryland . Soon afterward this Henry Craig moved to Pennsylvania, and located at the headwaters of Service Creek, now Greene township, Beaver county (but what Mr. Craig supposed was Virginia). In 1778 Mr. Craig purchased 200 acres of land, agreeing to give William Campbell 100 acres of this land in lieu of his trade, if he would stay with and work for him until his indentures were out; which he did, and received his deed for the 100 acres of land William Camp- bell was married in 1786 to Miss Nancy Vance, and by this union were born four sons and two daughters: Henry, William, Margaret, Nancy, Arthur and James. Said Henry Campbell, after coming to years of maturity, purchased the old Craig farm, and with his sister Margaret lived on said farm until their deaths. They lived until a good old age, and neither of them was married; Nancy died in about her twentieth year. James, the youngest son, bought out the heirs of the Campbell farm and lived on same until his death at a good old age. This James had but one son, William, who now owns both 834: HISTOEY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. the old Craig and Campbell farms. Arthur Campbell was born in 1798; was married to Miss Sarah Mercer in 1822, and by her had four sons and four daughters: Nancy, Joseph, William, Comfort, Mary, Marshall, Louisa and James. Arthur Campbell and his brother William bought a farm near the old Campbell farm in 1822, and lived on said farm until 1831; they then sold it and bought 400 acres of land on Service Creek, four miles below the old home farm, and moved on to the same in 1832, dividing it equally between them. They both lived and died on these farms. William Campbell was born in 1790, and died in 1863. He had three children, who still survive him, and live on the old farm. Arthur was a prominent man in his day; he was commissioner of said county at the time of his death, which occurred in 1844. Four of Arthur's children died, leaving no heirs, viz.: Comfort, Louisa, William and James. Nancy married W. W. McCoy; Mary married T. Shane; Marshall, married Isabell Smith, by whom he has nine children Che has a part of the home farm); Joseph was born in 1824, was married, in 1849, to Isabell Bryan, daughter of John and Mary Bryan, and to this union have been born three sons and four daughters: Sarah (deceased), John B., William A., Mary A. (married to J. H. Smith), James O. (in Kansas), Jennie (deceased) and Ella Bell (deceased). Joseph and his family are members of the United Presbyterian church; in politics he is a Eepub- lican. He still resides on a part of the farm bought by his father in 1832, with other land added to it. William Campbbll, farmer, P. O. Hookstown, was born on the old family home- stead, Jan. 29, 1888. The Campbell family were early members of Dr. Anderson's church at Service. William Campbell, Sr. , was but two years old when he left Scot- land, and soon after reaching this country was bound out to a weaver named Henry Craig, with whom he remained until the latter's death, when, having served faithfully and well, inherited the Craig farm of 100 acres, which is yet in possession of his heirs. He married Nancy Vance, who became the mother of the following^named children: Henry, William, Margaret, Nancy, Arthur and James. Of these James was born June 15, 1801, and joined the United Presbyterian church in 1836. He was a thrifty farmer, and died March 8, 1883. His wife was Margaret, daughter of John and Isabelle (Dun- can) Craig, the former a soldier of the revolutionary war. Mrs. Margaret Campbell was born Aug. 29, 1809, in Hanover township, joined the church in 1828, and has been a faithful and devoted member ever since. Her life has been marked by kind deeds, and she is greatly respected for her qualities of head and heart. William Campbell married Jane, daughter of David and Jane (Crooks) Kennedy. Their union has been blessed with five children: Mrs. Margaret J. Reynolds, J;imes, Mrs. Elizabeth M. Leeper, "Thomas K. and John Newton C. Mr. Campbell and his wife are members of the United Presbyterian church. He has a farm of 180 acres, on which he resides, near the old homestead. In politics he is a Republican. Maktin W. Caret, merchant, P. O. Water Cure, is a grandson of John Carey, who came from England and settled in Beaver county, where he died at the age of fifty-seven years. They had five children who reached maturity: Daniel. George W Emeline, Harrison and Mary Ann (Mrs. Lutton, deceased). Daniel Carey, father of Martin W., was born, Oct. 8, 1827, in Moon township. He married Mrs. Adaline Minor, nee Wilson, who is the mother of three children: Martin W., John W.(deceased) and Mrs. Maria J. Gunther, of Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. Daniel Carey are members of the' Methodist Episcopal church. Martin W., was married, to Mary A. McCullough and they have six children: Harry W., Mary L., Mertilla and Medina (twins), Martin W and Helena. Mr. and Mrs. Carey are members of the Methodist church of Philipsburg of which he has been financial steward and trustee. He is a Democrat and has held the office of assessor. He was with his parents five years in Ohio, and for the past five years has been a merchant in Philipsburg. JoiiN J. Carothkss, farmer, P. O. Frankfort Springs, was born June 10 1822 on Brady's Hill, Patterson township, this county. His grandfather, James Carothers Was born m Carlisle Pa. His parents were Scotch-Irish. James Carothers was reared and educated in Carhsle, and at the age of twenty-two years he came to Hanover township BIOGRAPHIES —SOUTH SIDE. 835 taking up 313 acres of government land in 1787. He was a civil engineer, held the position of county surveyor, and was known far and wide as Colonel Carolhers. He came here a single man, and in 1789 returned to Carlisle and married Alice Carothers, not a relative. She died in 1848, aged eighty-three years. He died about 1817, aged flfty-two years. Both were members of the Presbyterian church. Their children were Mary (or Polly), John, William, James, Jesse, Matilda and Thomas. Thomas was a Presbyterian minister, and died young. Jesse was cashier of the Merchants and Manu- facturers Bank, of Pittsburgh. Mary married John Glasgow, and Matilda married Alexander Duncan. John Carothers was born on the old homestead, and married Agnes (McGrlester) White. After his marriage he removed to Patterson township where he died. He was a Democrat and served as judge of Beaver county eighteen years, besides filling nearly all the township offices, and was deservedly popular. He died in December, 1860, aged sixty-seven years. His children were James, John J., Andrew, Mary (wife of Wm. Anderson), Jesse, Jane (wife of Wilson Cunningham), William and Nettie (wife of Robert Ferguson). John J. returned to the home farm in Hanover township at the age of fourteen. Sept, 3, 1847, he married Ellen, daughter of John and Sarah (Ferguson) Ewing. They have had five children: Emeline, Agnes S. and Jeanette, all of whom die^, within ten days, of diphtheria, aged respectively nineteen, six- teen and ten years; James W. and Ella, wife of A. D. Matchett, a carpenter, of Frank- fort. James W. married Maggie Forner. Mr. and Mrs. Carothers are church members. The former is a Democrat, and has been justice of the peace in Frankfort nearly ever since it became a borough. William: M. Carothbbs, retired, P. O. Frankfort Springs,, was born March 5, 1833, in Hanover township, where his grandfather, William Carothers, settled at an early date. He left seven children: Ann, Jane, Mary. William, James, Thomas and John. Of these John niarried Eleanor, daughter of William and Catherine (Gordon) Murray; they died aged sixty-eight and seventy-six years, respectively. William Murray, our subject, was their only child, and was raised and educated in his native county. He married Mary A ., daughter of William and Rebecca (McDole) Hoge. William Hoge wasa native of Harrisburg, Pa., and camehere with his parents whena child. Rebecca McDole was a daughter of Matthew and Elizabeth (Adams) McDole, natives of Ireland. They all died on the same farm. Mr. and Mrs. Carothers are members of the United Presbyterian church of Frankfort Springs. B. H. Chambbks, farmer, P. O. Frankfort Springs, was born Aug. 7, 1833. His grandfather, James Chambers, the progenitor of the family in this country, was horn in Pifeshire, Scotland, and the old family name was Chalmers. James came to this country as a British soldier with Cornwallis, and served in the British army three years. Having become imbued with the spirit of freedom he deserted and enlisted in the colonial mili- tia. After the war he went to Florence, Pa., with Miles Wilson, and finally married Jane, daughter of Samuel and Nancy Miller, of Montour's Run, in Allegheny county. In 1797 they came to Hanover township, in Beaver county, where he purchased of Samuel Swearingen, Sr., 150 acres of land for £76, 17s. He died here at the age of seventy-eight years and his wife died January 1, 1830, aged sixty-seven years. They had eight children: Thomas, Samuel, James, Nancy, John, Jane, Margaret and William. Of these Thomas, and Samuel Chambers, father of our subject, were born in Allegheny county. Samuel was a farmer there, but removed to the old Chambers homestead, where he died Jan. 3, 1871, aged seventy-eight years. He was a member of the Presbyterian church; in politics a Republican. His wife was Isabella, daughter of Benjamin and Margaret (Miller) Hall, and died Dec. 11, 1865, aged sixty-eight years. She had four children: Jane, Margaret, James and Benjamin H. The latter now owns the Mansion farm of 347 acres. He married Jane, daughter of John and Margaret (Barclay) McDon- ald, the former of Scotch and the latter of Irish origin. Mr. and Mrs. Chambers are members of the United Presbyterian church, of which he has been a trustee. He is a Republican. Their children are Mrs. Margaret Cotter; Lizzie C, wife of J. Cooley; Martha B. , S. Elmer and Viola S. S. Elmer married Sept. 33, 1885, Laura Lee, daughter 836 HISTORY OF BBAVEE COUNTY. of John and Sarah (Cavitt) Erwin, and they have one son Howard C, born Aug. 15, 1886. He represents the fifth generation living on the same Chambers Homestead. Michael Christlbk, late of Greene township, a native of Switzerland, emigrated to this country at a very early age. He was a great hunter, and one of the pioneers and Indian scouts in the early days of the country's settlement. He was one of the first residents of Greene township, Beaver county, living near Shippingport. During the Revolutionary "War he was active in the patriot cause, and lived through many exciting adventures. He was the father of four children: Samuel, Mrs. Jlosannah Kerr, John and George. He died at an advanced age. John C. Christy, farmer and justice of the peace, P. 0. Holt, is a native of Phila- delphia, Pa., born in 1823, a son of James and Mary (Clark) Christy, natives of Ireland, former of whom was a farmer the greater part of his life, and came from his native land about 1821. He and his wife were the parents of six children, four now living. John C, the second son, received a common school education, and studied also at a business college in Philadelphia. Coming to Beaver in 1844, he, in 1863, purchased 111 acres of laud, now nearly all under cultivation. He married, in 1844, Agnes, daughter of John Covit, and two children were born to them, James Harvey and John Lawrence, both of whom met with untimely deaths in 1888. Mr Christy was elected to his present office of justice of the peace in 1885, was jury commissioner, and held other positions of trust. He is a member of the Presbyterian church ; in politics he is a Republican. John Christy, farmer, P. O. Holt, is a native of Allegheny county, Pa , born in 1824, a son of Abraham and Hannah (Bricker) Christy. Abraham was the eldest of five sons and four daughters of John Christy, who came with his family from Switzerland to America about 1806, his first settlement being at Wilmington, Del., after which be moved to Pittsburgh, Pa., and finally to Kentucky, where he died. Abraham was a miner for many years, and was engaged in ferrying at Pittsburgh, but in later life purchased a farm, were he lived the remainder of his days. , He had a family of three sons and six daughters, of whom John is the second son . The latter received a common- school training, and worked on his father's farm until thirty-two years of age, part of the time in this county, his father having purchased 143 acres here in 1839. John bought his present property in 1856, and the same year married Mary A., daughter of J. J. Anderson, of Rocl^pster, this county. Five sons and one daughter have blessed this union: Abraham A., married to a Miss Ewing; John J., in California; Francis M. married to Emma I. Minor, of this county, and assisting his father on the farm; Daniei G. and Mary J., at home; "William L. is deceased. The mother dying in 1868, Mr Christy married, in 1870, Annie, daughter of Samuel "W. and Elizabeth (Leggett) Moore. Mr. Christy and wife are members of the United Presbyterian church; in politics he is a Republican. Jambs Christy, farmer, P. O. Shippingport, is a native of Allegheny county, Pa third son of Abraham and Hannah (Bricker) Christy. He was married in 1871 to Annie, daughter of Rev. J. M. Smith, of Butler county. Pa., and seven children were born to them, five now living: Daniel. Smith, Clarence, Margarelta and Florence all at home. Mr. Christy has been a successful farmer, and now owns 140 acres of the'old homestead, which originally contained 150 acres. He is a member of the Presbyterian church; politically he is a Republican. -r A. Clifton, farmer, P. O. McCleary, was born in 1850 in Raccoon townshio the eldest son of John and Rachel (McHenry) Clifton; the latter, a daughter of Charles McHenry, of this county, died in 1872. John and Rachel were married in 1846 and had six children three living: T. A., S. G. and D. L. Thomas Clifton, the grand- father of our subject, came from Washington county. Pa., to this county, and married a Mrs. Hunter, who bore him five sons and three daughters, John being the youngest He (John) and his brother, Thomas, bought in this county 100 acres of land and soon after a third brother joined them, purchasing seventy-five acres. This piece of land was deeded to an unmarried sister, who held it until 1875, when it was bought by John Clifton s sons. John bought his brother's fifty acres, which he owned up to the time of BIOGRAPHIES —SOUTH SIDE. 837 his death; he left 100 acres of land to his three sons. Our subject purchased from his brothers their interest in the 175 acres, and is now sole proprietor of the farm. He received a good common-school education, working on the farm during vacations. He married, in 1879, Jennie, daughter of James and Margaret Sterling, natives of Ireland, and by her has two sons: Cory and Carlton. Mr. Clifton is a member of the United Presbyterian church; in politics he is a Republican. Henkt Conklb, farmer, P. O. Hookstown, was born on the homestead which he now owns, Nov. 33, 1821. His father, Henry Conkle, Sr., was born in Germany, and was brought to America when but six months old by his parents. They settled in Washington county . Henry and his father came to Greene township when the former was twenty-one years old, and bought a farm of 313 acres, where Henry, Sr., lived and ■died. He was twice married; his first wife, Margaret, was the mother of eight children. His second wife, Christine Shafer, had four children: Henry and Martha (twins), "Will- iam and Margaret. Henry Conkle, Sr., was eighty years old when lie died, and his father was ninety-eight years. Henry, our subject, married Catharine, daughter of Adam Metts. She bore him eight children: Robert P., a physician at Coraopolis, Pa.; Anna M., Samuel M , AUihue A., Sarah M., John 8., George E. and Harriet A. Mr. and Mrs. Conkle and children are members of the Mill Creek church. Politically Mr. Conkle is a Democrat. Scott A. Connell, farmer, P. O. Clinton, was born in Independence township, Nov. 6, 1863. His grandfather, John Connell, was a native of Ireland and of Scotch descent. He came to America about 1818, and settled on the farm where Scott A. now resides. He was a carpenter by trade. His children were Nancy, Betsey, Martha, Joseph and Jane. Joseph was born in Ireland, and was married here to Lucinda Gilli- land, who is still living. Their children are John, James, Jane, Prank, Mattie, Mary E. and Scott A. Scott A. received a common-school education, and has been a farmer all his life. He was married, Dec. 7, 1886, to Mattie L. Ferguson. Mr. and Mrs. Con- nell are members of the Hebron Presbyterian church. He was formerly a Democrat, but is now a firm advocate of the principles of the Prohibition party. He owns a farm of 185 acres. Wllliaji Cook, ferryman, P. O. Shippingport, was born Aug. 20, 1842, in West- moreland county. Pa. His grandfather, George Cook, lived and died in Trenton, N. J., where his son, George W., was born. The latter was married in Kingessing, Philadel- phia, Pa., to Margaret A., daughter of George Fuhr, a basket maker, and landlord of the " Blue Bell Tavern." She died May 30, 1874, aged fifty-two years, the mother of ■eight children: Caroline V.. William, Deborah A., Amanda, Sarah J , Ernest A., Bertha and Clara C. George W., in youth, was bound out to a basket maker, but, ■disliking his master, left him and finished the trade with George Fuhr. He resided in Westmoreland county. Pa., for fifteen years, and in" 1853 came to 'Phillipsbuig, this county, where he farmed and worked at his trade. In 1858 he came to Shippingport and bought the ferry, also became ticket agent for the C. & P. R. R. Co., which posi- tion he still holds. He and his son William are both Democrats. The latter has been •connected with the ferry over thirty years, and never has had an accident. He was mar- ried July 3, 1866, to Harriet, daughter of Andrew Swaney, an old settler. She is the mother of seven children: Harry P., Ernest G., Ella V., Claude R., Albert M., Thomas M. and Sarah I. Mr. and Mrs. Cook are members of the Presbyterian church, of which he is an elder. Joseph Coolet, farmer, P. O. Frankfort Springs, was born May 19, 1848. His grandfather, Robert Cooley, came to Hanover township, this county, from Pittsburgh, where he had followed the blacksmithing trade. He was married there to Jennie Smith, and then came here shortly afterwai'd, and they had a farm of 160 acres. Both -were members of the Presbyterian church of which Mr. Cooley was an elder. In politics he was a Republican. He had a family of nine children. His son, Joseph, married Matilda Anderson, and both died on the farm, aged sixty-two and thirty-two years, respectively. He was also an elder in the Presbyterian church. They had six children who grew to 838 HISTOET OF BEAVEE COUNTY. maturity: Anna, Elizabeth, Robert, Latitia, Joseph and Matilda. Joseph, our subject, was reared by his grandparents from the time he was three weeks old. He has a farm of 230 acres, which includes his grandfather's farm. He was married, Nov. 12, 1873, to Lizzie, daughter of Benjamin Chambers, and five children have been born 1o thtm: Laura, Chambers R., Lizzie E.. Joseph D. and Leola M. Mr. and Mrs. Cooley are members of the Presbyterian church; politically he is a Republican. J. F. Cooper, physician, P. 0. New Sheffield, was born in East Liverpool, Colum- biana county, Ohio, Sept. 25, 1822. His great-grandfather, Philip Cooper, a native of Germany, came to this country at the age of four years, lived in Monmouth county, N. J., nine miles from the old battle ground, and died in 1798, aged ninety-four years. His son, Gasper, was educated in Europe and became a teacher in New Jersey. At the breaking out of the Revolution he accepted a commission in the army. He died in New Jersey. Another son, Jacob, was decoyed from home at the age of fifteen years, and served three years in the British army. He was wounded and taken prisoner at the battle of Tren- ton, and after several months' confinement was sent home, where he remained until after, tihe war. He became an iron manufacturer, and while superintendent of Turnbull's work in Pennsylvania was thrown from a horse and killed. A daughter of Philip Cooper married a Tory, and moved to Canada. David Cooper, son of Philip, removed to Williamsport, in 1796, and two years later went to Chippewa township, Beaver county, and engaged in farming. His wife died there, the mother of six children. From Chippewa David Cooper removed to Ohio, and died in 1809 near Ashtabula. His son, Philip Cooper, was born in New Jersey in 1792. He learned the trade of a carpen- ter, and followed it for many years. He returned to Beaver county in 1841, and became a farmer. He died in Moon township, July 7, 1879. His wife was Elizabeth, daughter of Joseph Hamilton, and died in May, 1884. She had nine children, five of whom are living. Dr. J. F. Cooper, subject of this sketch, attended the common schools in Ohio and Pennsylvania. In 1843 he engaged in teaching at the same time pursuing his stud- ies. Two years later he was compelled to give up his studies on account of poor health. After three years he resumed his studies and graduated from the Homeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania in 1853, in the class with Prof. Helmouth, and other distin- guished men. He remained with his preceptor. Dr. C. Bayer, of Allegheny City, two years after graduating, then opened an office in Allegheny City, where he has practiced ever since. He bought a farm of 425 acres in Hopewell township, in 1866, which he has greatly improved, and on which are two gas wells. The Doctor is a member of the American Institute of Homeopathy, the Homeopathic Medical Society of Pennsylvania, the Allegheny County Homeopathic Medical Society, and the Allegheny County Anatom- ical Society. He was married, April 4, 1844, to Sarah, daughter of John and Margaret (Davis) Johnson . They have had six sons: Philip L., an attorney, a graduate of Columbia Law School; Henry; John, a physician, a graduate of the Hahnemann Medical College, Philadelphia, office in Allegheny City; George; William, a chemist in Denver, Colo., and Sidney. The doctor and his wife are members of the Methodist Protestant church of Allegheny City. Henry Cooper, oil producer, P. O. New Sheffield, is a son of Dr. J. F. Cooper, and was born Dec. 13, 1848, in Allegheny City, At the age of seventeen years he began toJicarn the machinist trade; was with Andrew Hartupee one year, and two years with Armstrong & Andrew, in Allegheny City. He then came to Hopewell township, and fol- lowed farming and building until August, 1883, when the production of oil first engaged his attention. He helped to take out the first lease, and lent his energy to the new enterprise. He is a member of the Raccoon Oil Company. Nov. 23, 1870, he was mar- ried to Sarah J. , daughter of George and Eliza A. (Harper) Nevin. George Nevin came to Beaver county in 1838, his parents, John and Margaret (Murray) Nevin, having settled here in 1834. Mr. Cooper has four children: Laura H., Roy C. , Jean N. and John P. The parents are members of Mount Carmel Presbyterian church. jMr. Cooper is a Republican, and has held township offices. He served as county auditor three years. L. M. CoTTBR, miller, P. O. Service, is a native of Allegheny county. Pa., born BIOGEAPHIES SOUTH SIDE. 8B9< in 1848. He Is a son of James and Christiana (Miller) Cotter, parents of six children, L. M. being the second youngest. The father, some years ago, purchased the mill prop- erty originally owned by Mr. Shlllito. At the age of twenty-three years L. M. learned the milling trade, which he has since followed, having purchased the mill of his father. The power used in operating the mill is steam, and a large business is done. Mr. Cotter was married, in 1870, to Mary, born in Washington county, a daughter of David Wilson,. of Washington county. Pa., and the result of this union is three children: John P.,. James W. and Lizzie. The mother dying in 1876, Mr. Cotter married, June 19, 1878, Maggie, daughter of Benjamin Chambers, of this county. Politically Mr. Cotter is a Democrat. Henry Cowan, farmer, P. O. Frankfort Springs, was born in Hanover township, Washington county. Pa., Sept. 29, 1830. His grandfather, Henry Cowan, a native of Ireland, of Scotch descent, came to America when young, and raised a family in Alle- gheny county, where be died at Half Crown Run . He had five sons and three daugh- ters. Of the sons, Henry married Sarah A. , daughter of James and Margaret Stewart, who came to Fort Pitt, where he was offered land at ten shillings per acre, but refused the offer and bought land near Clinton, Pa. Henry and Sarah A. Cowan died in Greene township. They were members of the Presbyterian church . They had six children:; Margaret, Eliza J., James S., Henry, William G. and Sarah A. Our subject was educated in this county, and has been a farmer all his life. For sixtetn years he was also engaged in buying and selling wool. His farm contains 322 acres. He married Harriet A., daughter of Robert Smith, of Washington county. They have four chil- dren: Ella M., William S., Eliza J. and Harry M., the two last being twins. Mr. and Mrs, Cowan are members of the Presbyterian church, of which he is an elder. He is a Republican, and has held several township oiBces. John R. Cowling (deceased) was a native of London, England. He came to this- country with his father, Edward Cowling, who resided in Allegheny City, and died at his son's residence. Sophia, wife of Edward Cowling, died when John R. was nine- years old. Of her children, only two are living; George, of Metropolis, 111., and Mrs. Gunnell. John R. was educated in Allegheny City and followed the river many years. He enlisted in the 63d Regiment, P. V., and at the second day's fight at Gettysburg received a wound, in consequence of which his leg was afterward ampu- tated. He was subsequently employed in the Arsenal at Lawrenceville, Pa., and later was in business in Beaver Falls. He removed to Hookstown, where he was a merchant,, and bought a farm of 100 acres near the village. He died Nov. 28, 1886, aged forty-four years, a member of the Baptist church. He was married. May 26, 1870, to Martie W., daughter of William Sterling. She was born in Beaver county, and died May 27, 1878,. aged thirty -four years, a member of the United Presbyterian church. Their only sur- viving child, Ralph Erskin Sterling, was born Sept. 19, 1873. J. C. Cbaig, farmer, P. O. McCleary, was born in 1837, on the farm he now owns,, in Raccoon township, and is a son of James and Margaret (Crooks) Craig, parents of three sons and three daughters. John, the original pioneer of the Craig family, came from east of the mountains to this county in an early day, and purchased 106 acres- of land: he married Isabella Duncan, by whom he had six children, James, the father of our subject being the eldest son. He (James) when comparatively a young man, purchased 190 acres of land, and followed farming all his life. Our subject com- menced life a poor boy, and is now one of the most substantial farmers in the county. He married Mary, daughter of James Louthan, of South Beaver township, this county,. and by her had seven children, four now living: Charles R., Simon H., William S. and Lizzie B. The entire family are members of the United Presbyterian church; In poli- tics Mr. Craig is a Republican. He enlisted, in 1861, in Company F, 46th Regiment, P. v., aad after eighteen months' active service was compelled, through ill health, to rettirrt home. He was present at the battle of Cedar Mountain, where he was wounded, and. participated in other engagements. John Craig, farmer, P. O. Hookstown, is a member of an old and respected family 84:0 HISTOEY OF BEAVEE COTJNTY. on the south side, whose ancestors were of sturay Scotch stock. James Craig came from Scotland with his parents. He was a Revolutionary soldier, and after the war lived several years in Washington county. Pa., but died in Beaver county. He married Elizabeth Carson, and they were among the first and prominent members of Dr. Ander- son's church, and boarded twelve of his theological students. Of their children, James was born Nov. 26, 1786, in Washington county, and died in Beaver county in 1861. His wife was Mary, daughter of David McCoy, a Revolutionary soldier. She was born June 1, 1786, in Hopewell township, where she died April 12, 1855. Both were members of the Seceder's church, and they were the parents of David, Eliza, John, Mary J. and Sarah. John was born Jan. 10, 1815, near Murdocksville, in this county. He has been a farmer, and still owns eighty-two acres. With filial devotion he cared for his parents until his forty-fifth year. - He married Sarah Nevin, whose father was a prominent character in his day. Three children have been born to them: Wilda M, Emma L. and Rosa J. The family belong to the United Presbyterian church. L. L. H. CiiAii,, farmer, P. O. Holt, was born in Raccoon township, Beaver county. Pa., in 1831, son of Sethelius Middleton and Sarah B. (Guthrie) Crail, the former the second youngest of the ten children of John and Alethia (Irvin) Crail, the latter a daughter of Robert Guthrie. The father of Sethelius M. Crail came to this county from Maryland at an early day, and served three years in the Revolutionary War. L. L. H. is the second son in a family of five children (two now deceased), and was born and reared on the farm he now owns and lives on, consisting of 160 acres of the original ■tract of 245 acres. He received a good public-school education, and studied at Pitts- burgh Business College, graduating from the same in 1854. For several winters he was engaged in teaching school, saw-milling and farming in the summer, which latter pur- .«uits he still follows successfully. Our subject was married, in 1857, to Elizabeth, daughter of John Cristler, of this county, and by her has five children: Alfaratla, Ida May (now Mrs. Ewing), Atlas Omar, Clara Emma and Ernst Jansen. Mr. Crail has been school director for six years, also township auditor. He is a member of the Metho- dist Episcopal church. In politics he is a Republican. His grandfather, John Crail, was one of the first M. E. church adherents in Raccoon township, and his house the first place where Methodist preaching was held. Rev. p. J. CuMMiNGS, P. O. New Sheffield, was born in Coshocton, Ohio, Nov. 23, 1834. His grandfather, George Cummings. was a native of Scotland, and is supposed to bave come to this country previous to the Revolution. He settled in Fauquier county, Va., and moved thence to Coshocton, Ohio, where he died at the age of eighty-three years. He was an Episcopalian in religion, and politically a Democrat. He married a 3Iiss Tullus, and they had five children who reached maturity: Eli, Maria, K. Bruce, Susan and Ludwell. Of these K. Bruce Cummings was born in Virginia, Dec. 5, 1803 ' and still resides in Ohio. He married Harriet Humphrey, of Rhode Island. Her father was a sea captain, and afterward a farmer. She was born in June, 1815, and had five children: Abraham J., Philander J., George M., William W. and Francis M. Philan- der J. attended the common schools and the Millwood Academy after which he taught :school several years. He entered Washington College in 1859, and was graduated in 1863. He then attended the Western Theological Seminary at Allegheny City finish ing his course there in 1866. In October of the same year he was installed pastor of Mount Carmel church at New Shefiield, and there remained until the spring of 1882 He then took charge of the church at Industry until April 1, 1887, when he returned to ■his first charge at New Shefiield . He was married in Allegheny county to Hattie C daughter of John and Elizabeth (Ferguson) Miller. They have two children- William JI. and S. Florence. Mr. Cummings was the first principal of Woodlawn Academy a position he filled for several years. He was afterward principal of the academy 'at Industry for two years. •' qn /sir' ^f^i«;^™f ^"d justice of the peace, P. O. Seventy-Six, was born Aug. ■SO, 1846, on the old Davis homestead m Independence township. At a very earlv a^e Jie moved with his father, John Davis, to Moon township, where the latter bought the BIOGKAPHIES — SOUTH SIDE. 841 old Campbell farm, but afterward the Edwards farm, where his widow Margaret Davis, now resides. He was a member of the Presbyterian church. He was in the boatyard in Elizabethtown in early life. His ancestors are supposed to have been of Welsh ori- gin. His widow, Margaret, is a daughter of Francis Flannegan, who was an attorney of Pittsburgli. She is the mother of twelve children, eleven of whom are living: P. F. Davis, M. D., of Oil City, Pa.; William, a preacher in Iowa; John, Henry, James, Sarah (Mrs. Wilson), Margaret (]\[rs. Usleton), Hugh, Elizabeth (Mrs. Tucker), Emma (Mrs. Hicks), and M. S. Davis, a physician of Shippingport. Of the sons, James was educated in his native county and at Edinboro, Pa. He taught school two winters, and then engaged in farming. He owns 145 acres, a part of the old Davis homestead. His wife is Susan C, daughter of Stacy and Mary (Robinson) Engle, and they have five chil>- dren: John, Francis F., Henry, Maggie and Anna; Mr. and Mrs. Davis are members cf Mount Carmel Presbyterian church, of which he is a trustee. He is a Republican; has been school director live years, and is auditor and justice of the peace. Hugh H. Davison, physician, P. O. New Sheffield, was born Jan. 31, 1851, in this county, and is a son of Robert Davison. The latter was married to Margaret J., daugh- ter of Hugh and Sarah (Veazey) Hamilton. Sarah Veazey was a daughter of Elihii Veazey. He located here after the close of the Revolutionary War, on or between 1780' and 1790, on 400 acres of land, and his descendants have filled many positions of trust and honor. Hugh H. Davison was educated in this county and at Clinton, Pa. In 1871 he began the study of medicine under Dr. R. S. Kennedy, who was then located at New Scottsville. Three years later he entered the Medical School at Cleveland, Ohio, and was graduated in 1876. He is engaged in practice in Hopewell township, and resides on a part of the old Veazey homestead. In political preference he is a Republican. Ret. James L. Deens, P. O. Bellowsville, was born in County Armagh, Ireland, Jan. 3, 1820. His parents, James and Margaret (Graham) Deens, were natives of Ireland and of Scotch descent. The father died in Ireland, and the mother came to America and settled in Pittsburgh when James L. wa^ an infant. She married John Lompre, and both died in Pittsburgh; only one daughter, Mrs. Eliza Irwin, a widow, survives. James L. was educated in Pittsburgji, and there joined the Methodist Episcopal church while clerking for E. Day, and entered the Western University. That institution burning down, he continued his studies with Rev. Wesley Kenney. He entered the Pittsburgh Conference in 1847, and in 1885 he became a supernumerary minister. He now resides in Moon township, Beaver county, on a farm of seventy acres. He married Mary, daughter of Samuel McKinley, well known in Western Pennsylvania, one of the most prominent members of the Masonic fraternity. Mr. and Mrs. Deens have six children: Margaret, Minnie, Anna, Charles, James and John. Anna is a member of the high school of faculty of Pittsburgh, in the Normal department. Jacob H. Diehl, farmer, P. O. Georgetown, was born in Lancaster county, Pa. , Jan. 39, 1820. His grandfather, Henry Diehl, was a native of Germany, who came to this country at an early age, and whose father died the day before the family landed in Phila- delphia. They settled in Reading, Pa., where Henry was a blue dyfr for mary years. In old age he walked twenty-five miles beyond Lexington, Ky., where he died at the home of his son, William. Of his children, Jacob was a chairmaker, and worked at his trade in various places. His wife was Mary Peterman, and they raised a family of seven children: Charles, Henry, George, Jacob H., Rosannah, Mary A. and Sophia. Of these Jacob H., the subject of this sketch, was also a chairmaker. In November, 1837, he came to Georgetown, where he worked at chairmaking with his father. The latter died on the Ohio river, of heart disease, aged sixty-four years, Jacob H. then engaged in mercantile business with James Todd, continued for thirty-six years, and gained Ihe esteem of all by his just business transactions. He finally gave up mercantile life, and engaged in farming, and now owns 230 acres. He married Anna, daughter of Samuel Smith a Quaker, and a prosperous farmer, who came herefrom Maryland. Mrs. Diehl is the'mother of three children; Rachel L., wife of Rev. J. E. Wright; Mrs. Anna Jones and RosaL. Mr. and Mrs. Diehl are members of the Methodist church; in poll- ■84:2 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. tics he is a Republican. He started in life with |100 capital, and by his own efforts has ■accumulated a comfortable competency. He received only twelve weeks' schooling, and learned the English language after he was eighteen years old. "William P. Diehl. gardener and fruit grower, P. O. Georgetown, was born, raised and educated in Georgetown. His grandfather, Jacob Diehl, came here from Lel)anon county, Pa., but lived for a time in Cincinnati, Covington and Pittsburgh. He was a painter and chairmaker, and died in Georgetown. He was a liberal, open- -handed man, a member of the Lutheran church, and of German descent. His son, • Charles, who was also a painter, died here, aged seventy-four years. William P., our subject, was in early life a farmer, and at the age of twenty-one, in the fall of 1861, ■enlisted in Company F, 101st Regiment, P. V., serving three and one-half years. He participated in many engagements, including the siege and battles of Yorktown, Will- iamsburg, Pair Oaks, Suffolk, Va., the three skirmishes at Blackwater, Va., Kingston, Goldsboro and Washington, N. C. At the battle of Plymouth, N. C. he was taken prisoner, and held eight months at Andersonville, Ga., Charleston and Florence, S. C. , •(of thirty prisoners from Company P, only sixteen carae home alive). Since the war he has lived in Georgetown and vicinity, making specialties of gardening and fruit grow- ing. Mr. Diehl married Lucy, daughter of , John and Mary A. Winch, and they have three children* Elsie M., Jacob J. and Mary E. George Docktee, farmer, P. O. Water Cure, was born in Alsace, Germany, Jan. 38, 1835. His parents. Christian and Caroline (Sturm) Dockter came to America in 1875, with the following named children: Martin, Christian, George, Catharine, Caro- dine and Salome. They settled in Butler county, Pa., where the parents died. George was educated in Germany, and there learned the carpenter's trade. After coming to this country he worked in a brickyard in Bnaver county, then farmed in Butler county nine years. At the e-Kpiration of that time he sold out and went to Michigan, where he inarmed one year, and then returned to Beaver county and bought a farm of 100 acres, where he now resides He has added to his possessions by purchase till he now owns 530 acres adjoining Phillipsburg, on which he has built a fine residence, all of which he has accumulated by his own industry and perseverance. Mr. Dockter married Eliza- beth, daughter of Conrad Ebert, and she has borne him six children: Frederick, George, Christian, Charles, Caroline and Henry. The parents are members of the Lutheran church. In politics Mr. Dockter is a Republican. John Douds was born about six miles from Carlisle, Pa., on what is called Yellow Breeches Creek. Oct. 39, 1778, the only son of an Englishman, Robert Douds, who had ■immigrated to America previous to the outbreak of the Revolution , and who was killed in the colonial service in 1777. His mother (before marriage Miss Elizabeth Dawson) was a resident of Carlisle, her parents being of German origin . For tbe lirst three and a half years of his life young John remained in the locality of his birth. At the expira- tion of this period, in company with James Braden, with whom he lived until attaining his majority, he removed to Pittsburgh, remained there during the following winter and in the succeeding spring, John and his foster parent removed to the region of Raccoon Creek, Beaver county. The tirst abode they entered consisted of a small log hut, about twelve feet square, so low that one could not stand erect within it. In this house the family lived for over three years, Mr. Braden, meanwhile, clearing away the adjoining timber, and preparing for future improvements. At length a larger house became necessary, and a log one, 18 by 34 feet in dimensions, was "raised," with the assistance ot neighbors, and occupied shortly afterwards. In this structure, surrounded on every hand by forest and wilderness, young John was reared. The territory in which he lived was the theatre of many an Indian outrage and massacre; and it is related that John was -so much thrown into Indian society that he became acquainted with the savage languaffe and could converse quite readily in it. At the age of twenty-one Mr. Douds decided to •embark upon the sea of matrimony, and Oct. 18, 1799, was united in wedlock to Miss Mary Hutchison, daughter of James and Elizabeth Hutchison, the ceremony being i)erformed by Rev. Reno, of Beaver. Immediately afterward the new couple removed BIOGRAPHIES — SOUTH SIDE. 843 to the farm, on which they passed the remainder of their lives. Their housekeeping equipments consisted of two chairs, a few stools made out of puncheons, a table con- structed in the same manner, pewter dishes and other utensils of a like primitive nature. The implements with which the husband began cultivating his farm were also novel. His horse-collars were platted corn husks, sewed together by a wooden needle with a flax cord; his trace chains and bridle were made out of home-twined rope; backhands of double tow linen; and hames of wood, with two auger holes through it, and ropes put through them so as to lengthen or shorten, as might be required. The plows were wooden, the shares and coulter were of iron, while the harrow had wooden teeth. Not- withstanding these inconveniences, it is related that the Douds' farm was kept in a condi- tion that would cause envy among many of the farmers of to-day. His wife, Mary- Huichisoa, was born June 33, 1783, at Kilrea, county Derry, Ireland, emigrated to America in June, 1789, in company with her parents; located first at Brandywine, later at Middletown, in Allegheny county. Pa., and afterwards in Moon township, Beaver county. Shortly after her marriage she joined the White Oak Flats Presbyterian church, and by the influence of her Christian life secured her husband's entrance into the fold of the same congregation, of which, under its later name of Mount Carmel church, he became a leading- and honored member. The union of these worthy pioneers was blessed with eleven children: Agnes, born July. 25, 1800,- and married, Aug. 28, 1817, to Mahlon T. Stokes: Robert, died in infancy; James H., born Jan. 15, 1805, mar- ried, Aug. 16, 1827, to Margaret Caldwell, died Sept. 7, 1856; John, born March 17, 1807, married, Dec, 1833, to Mary McDonald; BenoniD., born Aug. 23, 1809, married in March, 1833, to Mary Irons; Eliza, born Jan. 30, 1813, married, Nov. 7, 1833, to James Moore; Mary Ann, born Nov. 6, 1815; William McC, born Feb. 19, 1818, married. May 6, 1841, to Rebecca Wyant; Edward Hill, born July 27, 1820, married, April 39, 1845, to Maria Fronk; Margaret H., born Oct. 11, 1833, married, April 8, 1841, to Joseph Irons; and JIahlon S., born Dec. 9, 1824, married, April 33, 1850, to Rebecca Brotherton. B. D. DoTJDS, farmer, P. O. Green Garden, was born In Moon township, this county, on the old Douds homestead, where his grandfather, James Hutchison, first . settled. The latter was a native of Ireland, and of Scotch descent. Robert Douds, grandfather of B. D., was a light horseman, and was shot from his horse during war. The quarter section of land, which his family were entitled to was never obtained, though it lies in the limits of Beaver county. John Douds, son of Robert, was born near Carlisle, Pa., and at the age of two years was bound to James Braden, who lived at the mouth of Raccoon creek, and was engaged in carrying salt from Carlisle to Beaver county. John Douds was married ' at the age of twenty -one years to Mary, daughter of James Hutchison and both died in Moon township, he, April 4, 1867, aged nearly eighty-eight years, and she, March 24, 1868, aged nearly eighty-six years. They had the following named children who reached maturity: Agnes (Mrs. Stokes), John, Benoni Dawson (our subject), Edward H . , Margaret (Mrs. Irons) and Mahlon S., living, und James H., Elizabeth and William M., deceased. B. D. came to Hopewell township in 1852, and bought the John R. and Mary A. McCune farm. He sold a part of It, retaining sixty-one acres. He also owns a farm of eight-seven acres across the Ohio river. He was married March 16, 1833, to Mary, daughter of Solomon Irons. She died April 39, 1887, aged nearly eighty years. She had five children that reached maturity: Mary (Mrs. Orr), James I., John B. (killed at Spottsylvania, May, 13, 1864), Robert C. and Agnes A. The latter is the wife of William Brunton Smith, and has three children: Mary I., William J. and Dawson D. Mr. Douds is an elder in the Presbyterian church. In politics he is a Republican. MoAllistbk Dunlap, farmer, P. O. Murdocksville, was born iu Westmoreland county. Pa., Feb. »3, 1819. His grandfather, Thomas Dunlap, was of Scotch-Irish descent. John Dunlap, father of McAllister, was born in Westmoreland county, and married Jane, daughter of John McClure. They came to Beaver county, afterward lived a short time in Washington county, but returned to Beaver, county, and bought the old John McComb farm. They were members of the Presbyterian church. Their 844 HISTORY OF BEAVEK COUNTY. children were John, William, Alexander, Lucetta J. , McAllister and Violet (twins) and James, who died at the age of sixteen. McAllister Dunlap married Margaret, daughter of Robert Cooley . They are active members of the Presbyterian church. Mr. Dunlap has a farm of 107 acres, where he resides, and another farm of sixty-flve acres. He is a Democart, and takes an active interest in local and national affairs. John C. Dunn, farmer, P. O. Water Cure, was born near Glasgow, Scotland, Nov. 14, 1843. His parents, Walter and Ellen (Brownlee) Dunn came to America with nine children: William Nicol (a son of the mother by a former marriage), Jessie, Catha- rine, Jeanette, David, Walter, John C, Mary and Ellen. They had two children, Robert and James, born in this country. In 1852 the family settled in Beaver county, where the father died at the age of seventy-two years. John C. was a pit boss at the coal mines of McKeesport for about twenty-five years. In 1882 he came to Beaver county, where he has a farm of sixty-seven acres, a part of the homestead of his father-in-law. His wife is Martha B., daughter of William Shroads. They have six children living: Nettie, John, Ellen, Samuel, James and Alice N. The parents are members of the North Branch Presbyterian church, of which Mr. Dunn is a trustee. In politics he is a Republican. Charles Eachbl, oil producer, P. O. Ethel Landing, was born in Allegheny county. Pa., Oct. 23, 1844. His grandfather, Andrew Eachel, was of German descent, and came from Redstone, Pa., east of the mountains. He settled in Hopewell township in 1810, and died there at the age of ninety-three. His wife, Mary Ann, also died in Hopewell township . His son, Samuel, bought the homestead of his father, and died Feb. 9, 1884, at the age of seventy-six years, a member of the United Presbyterian church. He was a weaver by trade, and lived for many years in Allegheny county, hav- ing held office there. He was a Democrat. His wife was Isabelle Johnston, who died at the age of sixty-six years. Of their children seven lived to maturity: Mary Ann, Mar- garet J., Matilda, Verlinda, Louisa E., Elizabeth and Charles. The latter was educated in this county, and here followed farming until the oil business opened a new field of industry. As an oil producer he has been successful. His wife is Sarah J., daughter of Thomas Brunton. Their children are Vinnie L., Charles E., Edna Laura, Edith Lilian and Gertie. The parents are members of the United Presbyterian church. Mr. Eachel has six wells on his farm of 106 acres, all of which is leased, except five acres, which he operates himself. John H. Eckekt, farmer, P. O. Water Cure, was born in Baden, Germany, Jan. 16, 1838. His parents, John H. and Margaret (Reifherd) Eckert, came to America in 1843, bringing seven children, viz.: Peter, Jacob, John H., Charles, Margaret, Rosa and Adam, William, the eldest son, having come three years before the rest. They settled in Economy township, Beaver county, where the father died at the age of seventy-two. John H. was engaged in butchtring in Allegheny City for many years, having learned the trade in Germany. He came to Moon township in 1868, and engaged in farming and dairying, in which he has been successful. He owns nearly 170 acres which he has greatly improved. His wife, Charlotte Koener, was born March 16, 1834 in Hesse Darmstadt, Germany. They have had eight children : Albert, Emma, Ferdinand Henry, William, Ernest, Charles and Theodore. The parents are mernbers of the Evangelical Protestant church. Mr. Eckert is a Democrat, and has held several town- ship offices. William P. Elliott, farmer, P. O. Bellowsville, was born in Hubbard township Trumbull county, Ohio, Sept. 29, 1817. His father, William Elliott, Esq., a native of Ireland, came to this country with his brother James, who settled in Carlisle Pa and whose decendants live in Pittsburgh. William settled in Jefferson county Pa and sub sequently went to Trumbull county, Ohio, with his uncle, Dr. John Mitcheltree He sold his farm there, and in 1834 came to Moon township and bought the farm where George Sohn now lives. His wife was Margaret Patterson. Their children are Jane Nancy, Arabella, Ellen, Susan, Rachel, John, William P., James and Thomas The father died at the age of eighty-three, a member of the Presbyterian church and the BIOGKAPHIES SOUTH SIDE. 84& mother at the age of eighty-five years, a member of the Methodist cliurch . William P„ ■was educated in this county, and owns a farm of eighty-two acres. His wife is Adeline, daughter of George Nickum, and their children are Margaret, Narcissa S., Oliver B.,. James, Washington and Elizabeth. James and Washington are stockmen in Oregon!. The family are members of the North Branch Presbyterian church, of which Oliver B.. is an elder. The father and sons are Republicans. Chhistian Erbeck, farmer, P. O. Water Cure, is a son of Balthasar Erbeck, who was a farmer in Korle, Cur Hesse, Germany, where he died when Christian was fifteen, years old. His wife, Mary Miller, also died there. She had four children: Wilhelm and Mary (deceased), Anna M. and Christian, living. Christian learned the saddlery and upholstery business in Germany, and at the age of nineteen came to America, and fol- lowed his trade in Pittsburgh and Rochester, where he worked in the car shops, and where he afterward had a shop of his own for two years and a half. He was success- ful, but was compelled to give up the business on account of ill health. He removed to- Moon township, where he followed farming and butchering about twenty years; then ceased butchering, and devoted his whole attention to farming; he still owns a farm of 109 acres. He married Phillipine, daughter of Jacob Wagner. They have four chil- dren: Ernest, Walter, Prank and Clara. The family are members of the Lutheram church. Mr. Erbeck is a member of the I. O. O. F. He is a Democrat, has been mem- ber of the council several times and member of the school board for fifteen years. David Ewing, farmer, P. O. McCleary, was born in Raccoon township, Beaver county. Pa., in 1818, of Scotch-Irish descent. Five brothers by the name of Ewing came to America at a period anterior to Penn's arrival in the country, and Alexander Ewing, a descendant of these, born in Delaware county. Pa., came to this county in 1788. John, a son of his, married Jane, daughter of David McAllister, also a native of Ireland, and they had seven sons and four daughters, of whom David is the eldest son and third child. Our subject worked on the home farm until his thirtieth year. He received, a good common-school education, and at the age of twenty-two learned coopering, w trade he followed ten years. He married, in 1857, Elizabeth, daughter of David Ken- nedy. She dying, Mr. Ewing was united in wedlock with Sarah Ann, daughter of Elisha and Nancy (Brintoni Thornsburg, of this county, and by her there were four sons-, and two daughters: R. S., at home,; Stanton F., in Kansas; Ellis and Willis (twins, latter deceased); Lizzie and Jennie, at home. Mr. Ewing bought, in 1847, his present" farm, consisting of 150 acres. He has held many positions of trust in the county, and was for twenty-one years a justice of the peace; he is a school director, etc. In politics; he is a Republican. He and the family are members of the United Presbyterian church. James M. Ewing, farmer, P. O. Holt, was born in 1827, in Raccoon township, the fifth son of John and Jane (McAllister) Ewing, and a descendant of Alexander Ewing referred to in the sketch of David Swing above. James M. was born and reared on a farm, and for thirty years was a school teacher in his district during the winter months, attending to his farm duties in summer. He is the oldest school teacher in the county south of the river. He was married in 1851 to Nancy Robertson, who bore him> five sons and one daughter: Wellington ^deceased), William M., Samuel L. (in Illinois), Frank (in Iowa), Lizzie Jane (now Mrs. Rogers) and Alva A. (in Illinois). The mother died in 1865, and Mr. Ewing subsequently married Nancy, daughter of Thomas Purdy, of Allegheny county. Mr. Ewing has been school director, judge and clerk of elections and township auditor. He is a member of Session of Service United Presbyterian church. Politically he is a Republican. J. H. Ewing, merchant, Shippingport, was born in Raccoon township, this county,, in 1834, youngest son of John and Jane (McAllister) Ewing. He remained on a farm while a young man, receiving a common-school education, and his first venture in mer- cantile life began in 1868, when he engaged in the wholesale grain trade in Pittsburgh, continuing three and a half years. Coming to Shippingport in 1871, he embarked in his present general merchandise business. Mr. Ewing was married, in 1864, to Nannie, daughter of James and Jennie (Wallace) Nelson, and by her has three sons: William H., 48 846 HISTORY OF BEAVEK COUNTY. J. Wallace and JohnLeMont. The parents are members of the United Presbyterian church.: Mr. Ewing is a, Republican. James P. Ewing, farmer, P. O. Holt, was born on the farm he now owns, in Rac- coon township, in 1830. Henry Ewing, the eldest child born to Alexander and Mar- garet tMcConnell) Swing, was brought, when a child, from Lancaster county to Allegheny county, Pa., in 1786, and four years later they moved to Beaver county. The journey was made on horseback, and when crossing the Susquehanna river, the boy slipped from his mother's lap into the water, and but for the timely assistance of the father, who rescued him, would have been drowned. Arriving at maturity, this Henry, with his brother, James, purchased a tract of land known as "Panther Grove," part of the Martin survey, and containing 337 acres, 207 of which are now owned by the subject of this sketch. Henry Ewing married Jane Purdy, of Allegheny county, and three children were born to them; James P., the youngest, secured a common-school education. In 1858 he married Prances, daughter of Samuel Kennedy, and by her had two child- ren: Samuel (deceased) and Caroline, now Mrs. A. A. Christy. The mother dying, Mr. Ewing married Marie, daughter of "William Littell, of this county. Nine children blessed this union, five sons and two daughters yet living: Alice Jane, William L., Cyrus Alexander, Mary Prances, Randall Ross, Oliver Sheridan and Horace Wairen. The family are members of the United Presbyterian church. Politically Mr. Ewing is a Republican. William Ewing, farmer, P. O. McCleary, was born in Raccoon township, in 1825, was reared on the farm, and received a good common-school education. During the €arly part of his life he traveled through different parts of the West, and in 1862 he en- listed in Company H, 140th Regiment, P. V. , serving nearly three years. He participated in the battles of Gettysburg and Spottsylvania, receiving at the latter a wound which incapacitated him from duty for six months, and at the close of the war he returned Jiome. On the death of his father he purchased 100 acres of land — part of the original tract bought by his father. He was elected county commissioner in 1867. He is a mem- ber of the United Presbyterian church. In politics he is a Republican and a Prohibi- tionist. William Ewing, farmer, P. O. Frankfort Springs, was born in Frankfort Feb. 5, 1833, and is a son of John Ewing, a native of Allegheny county, His ancestors were natives of Chester county, and of Scotch descent. John was a tanner by trade, and ■carried on business in Frankfort many years. He was a popular man in the township and filled the ofiice of justice of the peace for many years. He died in 1863 aged sixty- three years. His wife was Sarah, daughter of John Furgeson, and their children were Jane (deceased), Ellen, Sarah A., Eliza, James (deceased) William and John, William was educated at Frankfort Springs, and has been a farmer all his life. He was married, Nov. 13, 1856, to Margaret, daughter of Jacob Keifer, and she is the mother of seven children: John B., William K,, Jacob G., Charles S., Margaret, Horace G. and Sarah A., who died at the age of nine years and seven months. Mr. and Mrs. Ewing are members of the Frankfort Springs Presbyterian church, of which he has been a trus- tee. He is a Republican, and has been elected school director. Daniel B. Figlbt, farmer, P. O. Shafer's, was born on the old Figley homestead in Hopewell township, Dec. 5, 1827. His grandfather was one of the pioneers of West- ern Pennsylvania. He was of German descent and had five children: Jacob, Hannah, William, Margaret and Elizabeth. William married Nancy, daughter of Daniel Baker,' and they had nine children: Margaret, Zachariah, Daniel B., Mary, William, Hannah', Jacob, Sarah and John. The parents were members of Mount Carmel Presbyterian church. They died on the old homestead. Daniel B. married Mary, daughter of James McCallister, and they have four children: William, David, Nancy and Daniel. Mr. and Mrs. Figley are members of Mount Carmel Presbyterian church. He is a Republican, ^nd has held various township offices. William Flockbk (deceased) was born in Darien, Conn., May 22, 1880, and was a son of Cornelius Flocker, a native of New York. At the age of nineteen years, Cornel- BIOGRAPHIES SOUTH SIDE. 847 ius Flooker was on the brig " General Armstrong" in the war of 1812. This vessel was scuttled and sunk at New Orleans. William Plocker went to Allegheny City when a boy, and there learned the trade of rope maker. He married Eliza Snider Miller, who was born Feb. 33, 1831, in Lewlstown, Pa. and who is the fifth descendant from the Duchess of Holland, who came with a colony from Amsterdam in the seventeenth cent- ury, and settled near the present site of New York, which they called New Amster- dam. She is the mother of six children: Miller, George C, Prank J., Thomas M., William H. and Washington W. Mr. Plocker came to Bellowsville, Beaver county, in 1873, and in 1876 was killed by a railroad train near Glendale. He kept a store, which has been continued by his widow, who is now postmistress. Three of the sons, George C, William H. and Washington, are engaged in butchering. Mrs. Plocker is a mem- ber of the Methodist Episcopal church. Mr. Plocker served in the War of the Rebellion in the 40th Regiment O. V. Mrs. Plocker's parents were Peter and Susan (Youngi Miller; the former was a. soldier in the War of 1813, a son of Adam and Mary (Ensminger) Miller, who lived at Little York during the Revolution . General Wash- ington was a frequent visitor at their house. MiLLES Plockeu, merchant, Bellowsville P. O., was born in Steubenville, Ohio, April 38, 1853, and is a son of William and Eliza Snider (Miller) Plocker, natives respectively of Connecticut and Pennsylvania, and of English and German origin. His maternal grandfather, Peter Miller, was a soldier in 1813, as was also his paternal grandfather. His father was a rope maker, apd came to Beaver county from Allegheny in 1871, and died in 1876. Miller is the eldest of the family. He traveled consider- ably in early life in Canada, Michigan and Ohio. He worked at his father's trade, com- mencing when he was ten years old, and followed it until he was twenty. -In 1881 he embarked in the mercantile trade, and at present is running a general store at Vanport, and also one at Bellowsville. He has made his own way in the world and has met with success. He was married April 11, 1878, to Julia Ramsey, of Pittsburgh, and daugh- ter of Samuel and Rebecca (Agnew) Ramsey, natives of Allegheny county and of Scotch-Irish origin. Mr. and Mrs. Plocker are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. He has been superintendent of the Sabbath school. In politics he is a Prohi- bitionist. Jambs A. Porstthe, farmer, P. O. Shafer's, was born in Hopewell township, Jan. 27, 1843. His paternal grandfather came from Ireland and settled in Beaver county at an early day. His son Alexander, father of James A., was a farmer most of his life, but followed the river in youth. He was born in Hopewell township, and died there at the age of seventy-six years . He married Aleyan McGary, who is yet living, and had seven children that lived to maturity: Mary J., James A., Rachel A., Agnes, Benja- min, Margaret E. and William H. The latter was drowned in the Ohio river, below Louisville, at the age of eighteen years. James A. was educated in Hopewell town- ship; followed the river for about eighteen years, beginning at the age of eighteen, and was mate of a number of steamers. He now resides on a farm of 106 acres, which he has greatly improved. He was married, in Beaver county, to Caroline, daughter of Michael Mateer, and they have three children: Margaret A., Clara and Harry E. Mr. and Mrs. Forsythe and daughter are members of the North Branch Presbyterian church; politically he is a Democrat. John N. Pbazer, farmer, P. O. Frankfort Springs, was born July 37, 1836, in Hanover township, Washington county. Pa. His grandfather, Thomas Prazer, was a native of County Down, Ireland, and of Scotch descent. His wife died in Ireland, and he came to America with his son, William H., when the latter was eleven years of age. They came to Hookstown, this county, where William H. was left with his uncle, William Prazer. His father revisited Ireland, but afterward returned to Beaver county. William H. was a miller in early life, then a carpenter and then a merchant; he was •engaged in merchantile business in Frankfort about thirty years, and was a popular man, ^eatly esteemed. He was a Whig, later a Republican, filled many township offices, and was once a candidate for associate judge of Beaver county. He was for many years an 848 HISTOKY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. elder in the United Presbyterian church of Frankfort. His wife was Mary, daughter of John Nelson, one of the pioneers of Greene township. She hadseven children: John JSl., James T., Thomas S., William M., Mary E., Margaret J. and Robert L. John M. was educated in this county, and married Elizabeth, daughter of Robert Bryarly . They have three children: Robert B., James T.and Lizzie J. Mr. Frazer, his wife and fanaily are members of the United Presbyterian church. He served in the Civil War, being orderly sergeant of Company G, 168th regiment. His brothers, James T. and Thomas S. , served in Company F, 46th regiment. Mr. Frazer owns two farms containing eighty- four and forty acres, respectively. He is a Republican, and has filled nearly all the township oflBces. Solomon Fronk, fa rmer,P.O.Hookstown,was born in Allegheny county,Pa.,May 24, 1816. His great-grandfather came fromGermany. His grandfather,Jacob Fronk, was born in Eastern Pennsylvania, and afterward came to Beaver county, where he died. His son, George, came with him to this county, and was a farmer in Raccoon township. He finally moved to Ohio, where he died at the age of seventy-five years. His wife was Rebecca, daughter of Casper Metts, and died in Ohio, aged over seventyyears. They bad nine children: Solomon, Lavina, Rebecca, Elizabeth, Maria, Sarah, Elmira, George and John. Solomon moved to this county with his parents, in 1838. He has been a success- ful farmer, and owns 118 acres of land in Greene township. He married Rosannah, daughter of John Cristler, whose father, Michael was one of the pioneers of Beaver county. She was born in Ohio in 1820, and they have four children: John, Rebecca, Sarah and Elizabeth. The parents are members of the Episcopal church; in politics Mr. Fronk is a Democrat. Fkedbeick Fdchs, farmer and gardener, P. O . Water Cure, was born in Sausen- heim. Canton Frankenthal Phaltz, Germany, Sept. 29, 1817, and is a son of Adam and Eve (Neushafer) Fuchs, both of whom died in Germany. They had seven children. One of the two sons, Henry, spent a short time in this country, and returned to Germany. Frederick was educated in Germany and learned his trade there. He came to America in 1848, returned to Germany in 1849, and in 1850 came again to America, bringing with him the Hartenbach family. In the latter year he married Fredericka Hartenbach, who bore him four children: Katie, Daniel, Adam and Emma. Daniel and Katie (Mrs. Niemes) live in Cincinnati. Mr. Fuchs owns a farm of 100 acres, which his son manages. His second wife was Mrs. Anna C. Walter, nee Schaffer. He is a member of the Evan- gelical church . John S. Gibb, farmer, P. O. Clinton, is a great-grandson of Alexander Gibb, a native of Botriphnie. Scotland, who was born Nov. 11, 1751, and coming tothiscountry settled on the farm where John S. now resides, in the year 1794, and died there. The place was first entered by a Mr. Maxwell, who sold to George McElhaney, and he to Alexander Gibb. His wife, Jane Innes, was born in Botriphnie, Scotland, in May, 1757. They had eight children: Anna, Adam, Margaret, John, Alexander, Martha, Mary and Jean. Alexander Gibb owned four farms at his death which he left by will, one farm to Adam, one to John, one to Alexander and the homestead to Anna and Margaret; the rest of the heirs receiving their shares in money. Adam Gibb, son of Alexander Gibb, was born in Piqua, Scotland, in October, 1785, and died Sept. 27, 1855. His wife, Susannah Duncan, was born Oct. 10, 1781, and died May 10, 1849; both were members of the Seceder's church of Service, of which he was an elder for many years. Their children were Alexander, John A. and Jane. Alexander, grand- son of Alexander Gibb, came into possession of the homestead. He married Ruth Tagert, who was born about 1820, and died July 10, 1884. He was born March 11, 1812, in Hanover township, and died March 24, 1882. They had no children. The homestead, called "Prosperity,"-flnally descended to John S.,ils present owner, who has 207 acres. John A., father of John S., was born in this county July 16, 1814, and died Jan. 30, 1888. He was a machinist, and built many of the old fashioned threshing machines. He married Sarah, daughter of John Shaffer. She was born in 1821, and died July 25, 1874. She had four children who lived to maturity: Susannah (Mrs. BIOGRAPHIES — SOUTH SIDE. 849 Elder), Sarah E. (married to William Whiston), Emma (died at the age of eighteen) and Johns. The latter moved to the old Gibh homestead in 1879. He was married in Cambridge, Ohio, and afterward lived four and a half years in Noble county, Ohio. His wife is Jane, daughter of James and Margaret Geary. They are both members of the United Presbyterian church of Clinton. They have two sons: Wilbert C. and and Willis G. Mr. Gibb is a Republican. John A. Gibb, Esq., farmer, P. O. Harshaville, was born July 16, 1814, in Han- over township, a son of Adam Gibb. The latter, a native of Scotland, came to this country with his parents, Alexander and Jane (Innes) Gibb, both natives of Scotland and members of the old Seceder's church. They were weavers by occupation, and came to America in 1787 or 1788, settling on Peter's creek, in Washington county. Pa. They afterward, came to Independence township and settled on Prosperity farm, where they remained until their deaths. They had eight children: Anna, Adam, Margaret, John, Alexander, Martha and Mary (twins) and Jean. Adam was born in October, 1785, in Piqua, Scotland, settled in Hanover township in 1811, and died there Sept. 37, 1855. He was married. May 13, 1811, to Susannah, daughter of John Duncan, and born Oct. 10, 1781, died May 10, 1849. She had three children: Alexander, John A. and Jane, John A. , who is the only son living, is a well-educated and well-informed man . He has been twice married: first to Sarah, daughter of John and Mary (Geary) Shafer. She left three children, now living: Mrs. Susannah Elder, John S. and Mrs. Sarah E. Whiston. Mr. Gibb's present wife, Ann, is a daughter of Samuel Bigger (deceased). Mr. and Mrs. Gibb are members of the United Presbyterian church, and he is a member of Ses- sion. He is a Republican, andhas been justice of the peace fifteen years. William Gilliland, farmer, P. O. Comettsburgh, was born June 6, 1833, in Han- over township, Washington county. His grandfather, James Gilliland, was of Scotch- Irish descent. He had three children: John, James and Margaret. Of these James married Jennie Anderson, a native of Yorli county. Pa. , and they lived in the vicinity of Frankfort after they came to Western Pennsylvania. The father died in 1863 at the age of sixty, in Beaver county, and the mother died in Washington county ten years later, at the same age. They were both church members. Their children were Mar- garet, Archibald, Elizabeth, David, Eleanor, James, Jane, Lucinda, William and George B. William was put to work at an early ags, and for this reason his education was lim- ited. He was the chief support of his mother after his father's death, the other children all marrying. He was married, Nov. 11, 1847, to Elizabeth, daughter of Joshua and Jane (Hooper) Witherspoon, early pioneers of Washington county. She is the mother of eight children: Jane L., James W., Mary E. (died at the age of twenty-one years), Lizzie A., William O., Lucy L., Maggie E. and Mattie B. Mrs. Gilliland died Oct. 36, 1877, aged fifty years. She was a faithful member of the United Presbyterian church, as are all the family. Mr. Gilliland has been an elder in three different churches. He is a Republican. As a farmer and business man he has been successful, for he started poor and now owns two farms, one of 138 acres and the other of seventy acres. Joseph Gilmokb, farmer, P. O. Shoustown, is a son of Archibald and Jane (Bigham) Gilmore. Archibald Gilmore is a native of Ireland, and of Scotch descent. He came 1o this coimtry in 1839, and first settled near Pittsburgh. His wife is a daughter of Joseph Bigham, who settled here about 1813. They are members or the United Presbyterian church. They have had three sons and one daughter: James, Joseph, Alexander, and Sarah, who died young. Joseph and Alexander enlisted Aug. 15, 1863, in Company I, 140th Regiment, P. V., and served until the close of the war, and were in many battles. Joseph was taken prisoner at Gettysburg and suSered the horrors of prison life at Belle Isle and other Southern prisons until exchanged. After the war he returned home. and has followed farming ever since. He is a Republican. DoRSEY K. Glass, farmer, P. O. Hookstown, was born Oct. 30, 1838. His grand- father Robert Glass, was born in Washington county. Pa., and was of Irish descent; and his .son John, a farmer by occupation, was also born in Washington county. He was taken to West Virginia by his father when quite young, and died In Hancock county, aged 850 ' HISTOEY OF BEAVEB COUNTY. seventy-two years. He married Rachel, daughter of Isaac and Mary (Pentecost) Kinney. She is still living at the age of seventy-one years, and is the mother of seven children: Malinda, Dorsey E., Eliza J., Rachel H., John T., Andrew J., and Lawrence W. Dorsey K. worked for his father until he was twenty-five years old, and received a horse and cow as his reward. He has been a successful farmer, and owns 115 acres. He married Elizabeth A., daughter of Ebenezer Langfitt, and born in 1836,. in Hancock county, W. Va. She has one son, Harry G. L., born Sept. 18, 1868. Mr. Glass is a Democrat . William C. Goll, farmer, P. O. Shafer's, was born in Knittlinsen, Wilrtem- berg, Germany, Oct. 25, 1839. His parents, Jacob F. and Anna C. (Burk) Goll, died in Germany. They had four children, all of whom came to this country. Their names were William C, Jacob P., John T. and Christina. William C. came to this country in 1853, and settled in Philadelphia, where he learned the shoemaker's trade. He removed to Economy, Beaver county, in 1855, and followed his trade there. He subsequently went to Pittsburgh, and carried on coopering for one year; then engaged in business in Freedom, where he remained eighteen years, and at the expiration of that time came to Moon township, purchased the Daniel Baker farm of ninety-three and a quarter acres, and has since been engaged in farming. He was married, in Pittsburgh, to Caroline Bayha, a native of Wiirtemberg, and they have the following-named children: Emma (wife of Otto Kind), Catharine, Maggie, Louis R. and Jacob. The parents are members of the Evangelical church. Mr. Goll is president of the school board; politically he is a Democrat. Robert Gobsdch, farmer, P. O. Service, was born Jan. 19, 1825. His grand- father, John Gorsuch, was a native of Ireland, but of Scotch extraction. The family were Protestants, and strict adherents of the old Covenanters churqh. John came to America when a young man and settled in Maryland, where Robert Gorsuch, Sr., was born. Robert came across the mountains at the age of six years, in 1798, with his father, when the Indians were numerous in Pennsylvania. He settled in Washington county, and at one time, when pursued by the Indians, swam the Ohio river with his son Robert on his back. John Gorsuch died near Paris, Pa. ,in 1828. His wife, Nancy McClelland, was a native of Scotland, and became the mother of six children: Robert, David, Thomas, John, Sarah and Rebecca. Robert Gorsuch, Sr., married Eliz- abeth, daughter of James McCoy, and by her had four children : John, James, Robert and Rachel. By his second -v. ife he had five children. His third wife was Nancy Cooper, who had no issue. Robert Gorsuch, Sr., was a farmer and died in 1871. Robert, Jr., owns the farm of 230 acres where he lives, and two of 160 acres each in Hanover township, where his sons Robert A. and John M. reside. Our subject married Maria, daughter of Richard Cooper. She is the mother of three children: Robert A., John M. and Nancy J. All the family are members of the United Presbyterian church, and Mr. Gorsuch is an elder in the Hanover church. He is a Republican in politics, and a warm advocate of the principles of prohibition. Samuel GoBstroH, farmer, P. O. Service, is a son of Robert and Nancy (Sea- right) Gorsuch, who had five children: Eliza J., Margaret, Samuel, Martha and Mary Ann . Samuel was reared and educated in this county, and has been a successful farmer and stockman. He owns 156 acres which he and his father have greatly improved, the land lying in a wilderness when the latter first settled on it. Samuel Gorsuch mar- ried Martha J., daughter of John and Mary (Anderson) Brunton. By her he has two children: Mary A. and Robert Wilson. The parents are members of Mount Olivet Presbyterian church. Mr. Gorsuch is a Republican; has been justice of the peace for nine years, and has held other township offices. Robert Greene, farmer, P. O. New Sheffield, was born in Hopewell township, July 6, 1863. His grandfather, William Greene, settled here in 1790, and married Mary Boyd for his second wife. They had four children. Their son, William Greene, married Sarah E., daughter of Robert McCartney. She was born July 27, 1840, and' died March 30, 1872. She had four children: Robert, Mary (deceased), Jennie and BIOGEAPHIES SOUTH SIDE. 851 Lillie. Willian^Greene owns a farm of 120 acres. Robert Greene owns a farm of sixty-nine acres. He was married Dec. 3, 1886, to Belle B., daughter of James Marks (deceased). All the members of the Greene family belong to the United Presbyterian church. Geokge K. Hall, farmer, P. O. New Sheffield, was born in Raccoon township, this county, Dec. 9, 1836, a son of James F. Hall, who came to Raccoon township where his father bought 400 acres of land, of which James P. got 100 acres. The Hall family were early settlers in Beaver county. George N. was educated in his native county, and became a tiller of the soil. In 1861 he came to Hopewell township, where he owns a farm of 113 acres. He married Lizzie, daughter of James McCormick; she is the mother of four children: Mrs. Nettie Mercer, James K., Adda B. and George Mc. Mr. and Mrs, Hall are members of the Raccoon United Presbyterian church. In politics he is a Republican. J. R. Hall, merchant, P. O. Shippingport, is a grandson of Robert Hall, who was a farmer of Chartiers, Allegheny county, and died in Freedom. His ancestors were English and Scotch. His son James, father of J. R., was a well-known boat-builder on the Ohio, and is still living at the age of eighty -six years. He married Isabella, daughter of George Baker, who was taken prisoner by the Indians. She died in this county, the mother of nine children, who are all living. J. R. was educated in Beaver county, and followed boat building for fourteen years. He then farmed one year, and has since been in mercantile business. He has been in business in Shippingport for sixteen years; he also deals in grain and wool. He married Lizzie A., daughter of David Gilliland, and they have three children: William G. . Sarah B. and Lina. Mr. and Mrs. Hall are members of the Presbyterian church; politically he is a Republican. David Gilliland was a foreman in the laboratory at the Pittsburgh arsenal, where, at the age fifty-three years, he was killed in the fatal explosion. Zachakiah Hall, farmer, P. O. New Sheffield, was born Sept. 11, 1833, in Free- dom, Beaver county. Pa. His grandfather, Robert Hall, was born in Lancaster county, Pa., of Scotch descent. He owned 400 acres of land in Raccoon township, and after- ward removed to Freedom, where died. His wife was Isabella Fowler, who died at the age of ninety-three years. They had twelve children. Two of his sons, Benjamin and James,came first to Raccoon township, where tjiey built a cabin and remained until spring, when the family came on. The sons built a large distillery on their father's farm, and Benjamin conducted the distillery when whisky sold for twenty five cents a gallon in the barrel. He finally removed to Freedom, where he followed the trade of ship car- penter, and later came to Hopewell township, where he resided until his death. He was eighty-three years old June 17, 1887, and died Sept. 3, 1887. His wife, who was Eliza- beth, daughter of Zachariah Figley, died aged about seventy-six years. She had four chil- dren : Isabella, Margaret and Nancy (twins) and Zachariah, the latter of whom was reared and educated in this county. Mr. Hall has been constable, supervisor, election judge and inspector, and is postmaster at New Sheffield. He owns a farm of 104 acres, and his father owned one of about 118 acres. His wife was Ellen, daughter of Charles Barry. She diedof consumption, Jan. 16, 1864, aged twenty -seven years. She left two children: J. P. and Eleanor J. (Mrs. Bruce). J. P. received his education in the schools and academies of Beaver county. He was admitted at the university of Ann Arbor as a law student in the fall of 1885, and got his diploma from the university in July, 1887. He was admitted to the bar at Ann Arbor, Mich., at the Common Pleas Court, and shortly afterward at the Supreme Court in Lansing, Mich. ; was admitted to the bar in Pitts- burgh, Allegheny county, in September, 1887, and is now practicing law in Pittsburgh: office, 408 Grant street. He taught school in Beaver county four years. The Hall family are members of the United Presbyterian church. Adam Habtbnbach, farmer, P. O. Water Cure, was born in Rhein Baiern, Ger- many, Dec. 19, 1832, a son of Conrad and Fredericka (Hamman) Hartenbach, both natives of Germany. They came to America in 1853, with the following named chil- dren : Catharine Schlupp (daughter of Mrs. Hartenbach by a former husband) ; 852 HISTOBY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. Barbara, now the wife of J. Vogt; Fredericka, now the wife of F. F«chs; Elizabeth (now deceaicd); Jacob, of Ohio, Christopher and Adam. The last named was edu- cated in Germany, where he learned the blacksmith's trade with his father. The family settled in Moon township, and the father died there Dec. 34, 1871, aged seventy-two years. The mother died Oct. 10, 1884, aged eighty-eight years. They were both mem- bers of the German United Evangelical Protestant church of Phillipsburgh . Adam was married here, March 15, 1863, to Rosa Eckert, and they have two children; Henry 0. and Rosa F. The parents are members of the above mentioned church, of which Mr. Hartenhach has been a trustee for fourteen years. He owns the homestead of 1(0 acres. He is a Democrat, and has been school director six years. William Haktford, farmer, P. O. Murdocksville, was born in Hanover town- ship, Beaver county, Pa. His great-grandparents, James and Nancy (Armor) Hartford were born in Ireland, of Scotch descent, and were among the very first settlers in Han- over township, locating on what is known as the McClung farm, now owned by Joseph Cooley. Their children were William, James, Thomas, John, Abraham, Peggy, Polly (or Mary), Julia, Nancy, Rachel and Mrs. Valina Smith. Of these William married twice; by his first wife, Margaret Morrison, he had four children : James, John, Jane and Matilda. His second wife, Nancy Uaughey, had no children . James, father of our subject, and a farmer by occupation, married Sarah, daughter of David and Mary (McGeehen) Elder. She died Feb. 20, 1886, aged eighty -four years, and James Hart- ford died March 14, 1878, aged seventy -six years; both were members of the Presby- terian church. Their children were Mary, William and Elder D. The latter served during the Civil War, as one of the Burdan sharpshooters. Company A, Second Regi- ment, U. S. A. He participated in many engagements including Bull Run, South Moun- tain, Antietam, Chancellorsville and Gettysburg. He died in Wisconsin from the effects of a wound in the ankle. William and Mary have the farm of 205 acres. He also owns another farm of 146 acres. Politically he is a Democrat. MiLO A. Holmes, farmer, P. O. Shafer's, was born in Independence township, this county. May 17, 1827. His parents, Joseph and Jennie (McComes) Holmes, natives of Ireland, settled in Independence township and died there. They had ten children: John, Maria, Lazarus, Rachel, Joseph, George, James, Jane, Leander and Milo A., all of whom lived to maturity. Milo A. was raised on a farm, the pursuits of which he followed all his life. He owns a farm of 140 acres in Independence township. He has been twice married, His first wife, Nancy, daughter of William McElhaney, died at the age of twenty -seven years, leaving three children: William, Joseph and George. His second wife, Margaret A., daughter of John Short, died Jan. 35, 1886. She had one child, Elizabeth S. Mr. Holmes is an elder of the North Branch Presbyterian church. He is a Republican, politically. William HtTNTBK, foreman, P. O. Water Cure, was born Feb. 28, 1850. His great-grandfather, Enoch Hunter, was born in Ireland, and was of Scotch descent. He came to America and settled in New Jersey, where his son, Enoch, was born, and at the age of nineteen years, settled on Brush Creek, in New Sewickley township, Beaver county. Pa., where he was engaged in farming. He died at the age of ninety-three years, his wife, Mary (Musser), at the age of eighty-nine. They had eleven children: Abraham, Caroline, John, Abel, Margaret, Samuel, William, Mary, Thomas, Kate (deceased) and Nancy. Of these, John is a farmer near the old homestead. His wife, Ellen Wines, of Washington county. Pa., died in 1880, of cancer. They had seven children: Sarah, George, Lizzie, Bob (deceased), Albert (deceased), Mary and William. William left home at the age of nine years. He worked at farming three years, then on a canal one summer, and afterward learned the carpenter's trade, which he followed until 1880. In that year he took a contract to build the Phajnix Glass Works, with which he has ever since been connected. After the burning of the original building in 1883, he erected the present structure, and he is foreman of the etching department He is married to Barbara Bloom, and they have eight children: Clara, John, Lester Elmer, Willie, Olive, Leo and Clyde. Mr. Hunter is a Democrat. BIOGRAPHIES — SOUTH SIDE. 853 James A. Ingles, fanner, P. O. McCleary, was born in Raccoon township, Beaver <;ounty, Pa., in 1840, son of James and Nancy Ingles, parents of four children, James A. being the third. Mrs. Nancy Ingles had been previously! married to a Mr. Purdy. James Ingles, grandfather of our subject, came from Scotland to America, and soon after his ai rival located in this county. His children were Andrew, John, Isabella, James, Nathaniel, Eliza. Our subject was reared on the farm where he was born, and received a common-school education. He mairied, July 1, 1869, Lizzie, daughter of John McClester, of this county, and five children were horn to them: John A., Clara B.. Nathaniel W., William Leroy and Nancie Ella. Mr. Ingles now owns the farm, part of the original tract purchased by his grandfather. He has been school director; is a member of the United Presbyterian church: in politics a Republi- can. Mr. Ingles has one sister living. Mrs, N. J. Kerr. James A. Irons, justice of the peace, P. O. Water Cure, was born Jan. 13,1837, in Hopewell township, on the river bank, the site being washed away by the flood. John Irons, father of James A . . was born in the old Irons homestead, and married Ann, daughter of Joseph Moore. He died March 11, 1851, aged forty-two years, and his wife died March 18, same year, both being victims of the Hookstown fevfr. He was a ruling elder in the United Presbyterian church, had accumulated con.-siderable prop- erty, and stood high in the community. In politics he was a Whig. He had seven •children: Joseph, James A., Elizabeth A., Rachel J., Rcsannah, John D. and Mar- garet A. James A. was a blacksmith before and during the war. He was assistant engineer and blacksmith on the Mississippi flotilla, on the ram, " Lioness," operating on the lower Mississippi. After the destruction of the rebtl fleet at Memphis the town was surrendered to Captain John M. Shrodes, of the ram "Lioness." After the war, ,Mr. Irons returned to Phillipsburg where he followed his tiade at times, but has been engaged principally in the real estate business. He has been justice of the peace since 1883, and is filling his second ternl of office as burgess. He was married in Moon township to Margaretta Quinn. Her grandfather, William Quinn, n ade the, coidfge for Commodore Perry's fleet on Lake Erie, and his descendants became noted men in Northern Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. Irons have had four children: John E., Anna E. "(deceased at the age of eighteen), James Clyde and Will. Bert. Mr. Irons is a member of the Equitable Aid Union, and of Rochester Post G. A. R. In 1870, while in Vir- ginia, he was a local minister of the Methodist church, a position he filled three years . While in Washington, in 1873, he was a sub-contractor on the James Creek Canal, where he was engaged six months. William W. Irons, farmer, P. O. Woodlawn, was born Jan. 9, 1814, on the old Irons homestead in Hopewell township. His grandfather. James Irons, lived and died in Ireland. He had six children, of whom Joseph first came to America and settled in Washington county. Pa., where he died. His son John, better known as Major John Irons, kept public-house in Washington county and Pittsburgh. His son Joseph was educated at West Point, and served in the Mexican war under Gen. Scott. He became a colonel, and distinguished himself at the storming of Chapultepec. Samuel and Solo- :mon Irons, sons of John, came to America and settled near Noblestown, Pa. Solomon married Rachel Dixon, removed to Hopewell township in 1807, and with his father-in- law bought 300 acres of land, of which he retained 200 acres. He died in 1846 aged seventy-one years. He and his family were members of the Seceder's church. His wife died in 1839, aged forty -seven years. They had twelve children: James, Rachel, Rosannah, Mary, George, John, William W. , Elizabeth (died at the age of fourteen years), -Joseph, Andrew (a United Presbyterian minister, who had charge of two congregations, Portersville and Mountville, Lawrence county, Samuel and Agnes (died at the age of six years). William W. and Joseph are the only ones living. William W. received a common-school education, attending fourteen different schools. He has been a success- ful farmer and owns about 250 acres of land, besides Crow's Island. His first wife was Hannah Dixon. She died here at she age of forty-three years. She was the mother of -eight children, three of whom are dead: Rachel, Leander and Agnes. The living are 854 HISTOET OF BEAVEK COUNTY. Sarah, John D. (sheriff of Beaver county), Martha, James and Davison. The latter is- a minister of the United Presbyterian church of Barlow, Ohio. Mr. Irons' present ■wife is Sarah J., daughter of Archibald Harper, and by her he has two sons, Harper and Joseph. He has been an elder in the United Presbyterian church since 1853. He was formerly a Whig, and is now a Republican. Joseph Irons, farmer, P. O. Woodlawn, was born May 8, 1818, on the old Iron& homestead, where his father, Solomon Irons, settled in 1808. The latter, a son of James Irons, and a native of Ireland, came to this country at the age of fifteen years and finally settled in Allegheny county, where he married Rachel, daughter of George Dixon, one- ot the pioneers of Allegheny county. She died in June, 1838, aged forty-seven years. She had seven sons and five daughters. Solomon Irons came to Hopewell tovvnship and bought 100 acres of land, t.> which he added by subsequent purchase. He died here ia 1847, aged seventy-one years. He was a prominent member of the Seceder's church. His son Joseph followed the river for twelve years, beginning at the age of sixteen years, then returned to the farm, and owns 115 acres. His wife is Margaret H., daugh- ter of John Douds. Their children are Rev. John D., president of Muskingum College, Ohio; Rachel D., Rev. William D., pastor United Presbyterian congregation, of McDon- ald, Pa.; Joseph M., Mary A., Elizabeth J. and James H., a bookkeeper in Pittsburgh. The parents are members of the United Presbyterian congregation of Ohio, of which Mr. Irons has been ruling elder for fifteen years. He was formerly a Whig, and is now a Republican. His first vote was cast for General Harrison for president. He has been supervisor and county commissioner. William Johnson {deceased) was a farmer of Hopewell township. He died of consumption. May 4, 1877. He was twice married: first to Jane Barry, by whom he had two sons Michael B. and J. Preston. His second marriage was with Sarah A. Neely, who survives him. She was born in Moon township, Allegheny county, on th& old Neely homestead, settled by her grandfather, who at one time owned 1,000 acres. Her parents were Nathaniel and Elizabeth (Boyd) Neely, the former Of whom died at- the age of eighty years, and the latter at the age of seventy-two. They had eight chil- dren: George, Letitia and Esther (deceased), and Matilda (Mrs. Thompson), Samuel, Sarah A., Nancy and James, living, the last two residing on the old homestead. Sarah A. was married to William Johnson, Dec. 10, 1868. She has no children. She is a member of the United Presbyterian church, and resides on the farm of 250 acres belong- ing to her late husband's sons. Thb Jollt family. The representatives of the Jolly family resident in Beaver- county are descended from revolutionary stock, their progenitor having been Colonel Henry Jolly, a brave officer during that eventful struggle, who afterward settled in Marietta, Ohio, became a distinguished citizen, and presided as Judge over the first court held in that state. His wife, formerly a Miss Ghreist, was no less distinguished as the victim of Indian atrocities. She was scalped and tomahawked, and though the wound never healed, she survived this barbarity for forty-three years, and died at an advanced age. The children of Colonel and Mrs. Jolly were William, Kenzie, Albert and Siddy, wife of Vashel Dickerson. Kenzie Jolly was born in 1778 in Washington county, Ohio, where his life was devoted to the pursuits of a farmer. He married Eliz- abeth, daughter of Thomas Dickerson, born in 1795, and still living in her native county. Their children are Rachel (Mrs. John Ankrim, of New Orleans); Rebecca (Mrs. Abner Martin, of Washington county, Ohio,); Siddy (Mrs. Charles Hutchison, of Phillipsburg); Henry (of Washington county); Dickerson and Andrew Jackson, residing in Phillipsburg; Alpheus B., who removed to Keokuk, Iowa; William M., who died in infancy; Electa M. (wife of James Hutchison, of Washington county); and Owen F., of Dayton, Ky. Andrew Jackson Jolly was born May 23, 1828, in Washington county,.. Ohio, where he resided until 1844, availing himself during his boyhood of such advant- ages oE education as the primitive schools of the day afforded. At the age of sixteen he came to Pittsburgh and embarked as a boatman on the Ohio and Mississippi rivers,„ beginning as a deck hand and advancing through various grades until he became cap- BIOGRAPHIES — -SOUTH SIDE. 855 tain of a steamer. This was continued until 1866, wlien he engaged in prospecting and drilling for oil in Beaver county, a venture in' which his accumulated savings were speedily absorbed without a corresponding return. He then resumed the life of a boat- man, and continued this pursuit unlil 1873, when the business in which he is at present engaged had its beginning in the furnishing of stone for large buildings, and cobble stones for street paving. Like many great enterprises, the business of A. J. Jolly & Sons, Limited, has developed from small beginnings, and is the outgrowth of hard labor, perseverance and indomitable energy. It is unnecessary to detail here the obstacles overcome, the severe toil necessary to secure cobble stones from the river banks, and finally the opposition met from older firms in the same business. These have been hap- pily overcome, and the subjects of this sketch now rank among the most successful con- tractors in the state. The first contract was awarded them by the Pittsburgh & Lake Erie Railroad Company, since which time they have been largely engaged in furilshing stone and masonry for this road and other railroads in various portions of this country. The firm supplied the stone for the Pittsburgh courthouse and custom house; built a bridge one and a half miles long and 103 feet high on the Ohio River Railroad at Point Pleasant, W. Va. ; erected the bridge at Parkersburg in the same state, furnished the stone for Lock Number Four on the Monongahela river, and for the bridge at Cold Centre, Pa., on the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad. For five years nearly all the masonry and stone work on the Pittsburgh & Lake Erie Railroad has been done by them. Mr. Jolly has for many years devoted his time to business, and given little attention to poli- tics. He supports the nominees of the Democratic party, but is not himself ambitious for office. He was married, Sept. 26, 1850, to Miss Sarah, eldest daughter of Captain John M. Shrodes, of Beaver county, and their children were William A. (deceased), John K., Albert M., Marilla E. (married to J. D. Anderson), Eddie (deceased), and Frank L. Mr. Jolly has relegated the details of the business largely to his sons, who are his partners. The eldest, of these, John K. Jolly, was born March 30, 1854, in Phillipsburg, and spent his early youth with his parents. He received instruction at the common schools, and at the age of fifteen began the life of a pilot on the Ohio river, making Pittsburgh and Louisville his objective points. Continuing thus employed for six years, he then engaged in the retail coal business in his native county. In 1874 he became associated with his father ^s a general contractor in stone and stone work, to which business he gives his exclusive at- tention. He is much of the time in Pittsburgh, where the main offices of the firm are located, or superintending the work in the field. His presence is also frequently re- quired at the quarries in Beaver and Lawrence counties. Mr. Jolly was married, July 3, 1873, to Emetine G., daughter of Samuel Cameron, of Pittsburgh, and their children are Birdie G., Sadie, Alice C. and A.Eugene. Mr. Jolly is connected with no orders other than Rochester Lodge, A. O. U. W. Though interested in local politics he has never accepted office. Albert M. Jolly, the second living son of Andrew J. Jolly, was born Dec. 11, 1855, in Phillipsburg, and received a modest English education in his nativetown, after which he spent two terms at Duff's Mercantile College, in Pittsburgh, from which he gradu- ated in 1874. Returning to Phillipsburg he at once became interested with his father in the business of contracting, and is now the secretary and treasurer of the firm of A. J. JoUv & Sons, Limited. This was at that date chiefly confined to the quarr\ ing of stone, but has since been largely extended, and made its principals well kni.wn Ihrough- out the state as contractors. Mr. Jolly gives much attention to the details of the busi- ness, and is frequently to be found in various localities where work is progressing, West Virginia having recenlly been his base of operations. He was, on the 23d of March, 1883, married to Jennie E., daughter of S. J. and Blmira Small, of Beaver Falls. Their only child is a son, Clarence'D., born March 30, 1883, in Beaver Falls, his parents' home. Mr. Jolly is a member of Valley Echo Lodge, No. 622. I. O. O. F., of Beaver Falls; of Lone Rock Lodge, No. 333, K. of P., also of Beaver Falls, and of Mechanics Lodge, No. 38, A. O. U. W. 856 HISTORY OF BEAVER COUNTY. James Jordan, farmer, P. O. Ethel's Landing, was born Feb. 20, 1813, in Hope- well township, one and a quarter miles from where he now resides. His grandfather, James Jordan, was a native of Ireland, and came to this country with his wife and son John, before the.Eevolution. He entered the Continental army, and fought the battles of Grermantown, Brandywine and others, under General "Washington. At the battle of Germantown, having no gun of his own, he seized one of a fallen comrade, and did good service. He made four charges for a battery and finally captured it, receiving several bullets in his hat and clothes. He was taken prisoner and nearly starved to death, and his best team was stolen by the Hessians. He lived in Philadelphia county on the Schuylkill river, came west in 1784 and settled on the farm now owned by Charles Eachel, in Hopewell township. He died at the home of his daughter, Margaret, in Allegheny county, aged eighty-six years. He was an elder in the Presbyterian church. He was twice married, and his children were John, William, Jane and Margaret. Will- iam married Etizabefh Ann, daughter of George McClellan. Their children were James, George, John, Margaret, Eleanor, Jane, Nancy E. and Mary A. William Jordan was an elder in the Presbyterian church, and died at the age of sixty-seven years where his son James now lives. His wife died Oct. 17, 1864, aged seventy-four years. James Jordan was a farmer all his life, except eighteen months, when he was a ticket and freight agent for the P. & L. E. railroad company. He owns about eighty-three acres, and a two-thirds interest in the remainder of the old homestead. He is a member of the Presbyterian church; in politics is an independent Democrat. Edwakd Kaye. Mr. Kaye is of English parentage. His grandfather, Joshua Kaye, resided in Yorkshire, England, until 1817, the year of his removal to Pittsburgh, Pa., where he spent the remainder of his life. He married Hannah Poole, also of Eng- lish birth, and their children were as follows: William, Joseph, David, Edward, Tim- othy P., Mary and Lydia, of whom all but the eldest three were born on American soil. The birth of David Kaye occurred at Henry Bridge, Huddersfield, Yorkshire, England, in 1817, from whence he came, when a child, with his parents, to America. Settling in Pittsburgh, he at an early age learned the trade of a glass blower, and until his recent retirement from active labor, was a skillful workman in the latter city. By bis mar- riage with Sarah Jane McCoy were born children as follows: Edward K., Mary K. (Mrs. James B. Simpson), David K., Jr., Sarah J., Hannah P., Belle (wife of Edward Eaststep), Timothy P. and George B. Edward Kaye, the eldest of these children, was born Aug. 6, 1854, in Pittsburgh, and spent much of his early youth with his grandpar- ents in Washington county. His education was limited to the common English branches, and the years usually devoted to study were spent in acquiring the glass blower's trade', his first employers being Messrs. Atterbury & Co ., of Pittsburgh. A vear later he entered the works of Messrs. Pluukett & Co., of the same city, where his father was assistant foreman, and finally completed his apprenticeship with Messrs. Chandler & Hogan. Mr. Kaye followed his trade at various points, and in 1880 came to Phillips- burg as a glass blower for the Phoenix Glass Company. In February, 1881, he was made foreman of the works, and now fills that responsible position. In politics' the sub- ject of this biography is a Republican, and has been active in municipal affairs as mem- ber for four years of the common council of the borough of Phillipsburg Mr Kave was married, in December, 1875, to Anna Catherine Koedle, of Butler, Butler county Pa., and their children are^two sons: Melvin Wesley and Clarence Edward Mr Kave IS connected with various orders, being a member of Rochester Lodge No 329 F i& A M.; of Eureka Chapter No. 167, of Rochester; of Rochester Lodge, No 786 I 'o O P '■ No. 99, K. of P., of Phillipsburg; of No, 921. R. A., and of the J. O A 'm No' 24* aiso or Phillipsburg. • •. • , 1Q 10?^* ^^WAi. glass worker, P. O. Water Cure, was born in Allegheny City Oct 18, 18ol. His parents, Michael and Elizabeth (Keefer) Keber, who were both natives of Germany, lived many years in Allegheny City and Pittsburgh. They had two children who are now living: Henry A. and John . The mother died in Pittsburgh. The father' who IS a farmer in Moon township, married for his second wife Elizabeth Sitzman' BIOGRA.PHIKS SOUTH SIDE. 85T John Keber was educated in Pittsburgh, and at an early age began labor in the glass works. Reworked at Bellaire, Ohio, from 1872 to 1877, returning to Pittsburgh in the latter year. In 1880 he came to Phillipsburg, and was one of the founders and stock- holders of the Phoenix Glass Company. He married Ilattie, daughter of Leonard Hahn, one of the pioneers of Phillipsburg, and they have had two children; Noia Lee, born Feb. 1, 1886, died July 1 the same year; and Edward E., born April 21, 1887. Mr. Keber is a Republican ; a member of Rochester Lodge, No . 274, K. of P. William Keifbr, farmer, P. O. Frankfort Springs, is a son of Jacob Keifer, and was born Dec. 17, 1837. He was raised and educated in this township, and is a wide- awake farmer, managing a farm of 183 acres. He married Mits Martha Strouss, who died Aug. 22, 1884, a faithful, loving wife and devoted Christian. She had nine children: Jane M., Emily E., Agnes M., David S., Jacob F., Dickey, Martha M. and Anna B., twins, and William H. Three of the children died: Dickey, March 15, 1874; Anna B., Sept. 3, 1875; Jane M., March 18, 1883. Mr. Keifer, three daughters and two sons are members of the Frankfort Presbyterian church, of which he has been a trustee. Politically he has been identified with the Republican party. Jacob Keifper, fanner, P. O. Frankfort Springs, is a son of Henry and Anna (Byers) Keiffer. Henry Keiffer was of German descent, came west when a yonng man and settled in Allegheny county, but made nineteen trips across the mountains with pack-saddle horses, carrying salt, etc. He was married- at the age of forty years, his wife b^iag a native of Allegheny county. He died at the age of eighty-two, and she at the : geof fifty-one. They had ten children, of whom only Jacob and Henry came to this county. Jacob was born in Allegheny county June 11, 1803, and in 1826 married Nancy, daughter of Robert and Jane(Moor{) Smith. She died Aug. 10, 1881, aged seventy-nine years. They had eight children: Jane M., Henry B., Robert S., Samuel, Margaret, Anna, William and John C. Anna married R. M. Bigger, who died Oct. 9, 1862. She afterwards married John Martin, a native of Virginia, and he died April 27, 1885. John C. was killed during the war. Mr. Keiffer has been a successful farmer. He is a true Christian member of the Presbyterian church, and has been a member of Session. Politically he is a Republican, and has held many responsible offices, including supervisor, assessor, etc. William C. Kellby, oil producer, P. O. Ethel's Landing, was born May 7, 1857, in Pittsburgh, where he was reared and educated. He is a son of Amer and Elizabeth (Vandergrif t) Kelley, of Irish and Scotch descent. Amer Kelley was a merchant in Pittsburgh, and enlisted in Company D, 13th Regiment, and died of fever while in the army. His widow is still living in Allegheny. The children now living are Sophia, Ellen, Harriet, Carrie, William C. and Jacob V. William C. has been in various occu- pations, having assisted in the support of the family since he was twelve years old. At the age of fifteen he removed with his mother to Cleveland, and four years later he went to Butler county. Pa., where he worked as pumper on an oil well. He soon sent for his brother and they worked there six years; then went to Byrank Center, where they drilled the first well on their own account. A year later, William C. went to McKean county, and operated there three years. He then went to Garfield, in Warren county, and operated there two years, coming from there to Beaver county. In 1884he bored a gas well on Raccoon Creek, on John Zimmerly's farm. He has extended opera- tions in all directions and at the present time has sixty -five wells in operation. In March, 1836, he formed the Raccoon Oil Company, consisting of the Kelley brothers, Henry Cooperard E. H. Jennings. The company employs about forty-two men, and produces about 2,000 barrels of oil per day. Mr. Kelley was married, Nov. 14, 1883, to Miss ..Maltha A. Kohl, and they.have.one son, Howard B. William Kblly, glass packer, P. O. Water Cure, was born in County Down, Ireland, Feb. 21, 1841. His father, William Kelly, died in Ireland, at the age of sixty- five years. Our subject followed farming in his native country until 1869, when he came to America and settled in Pittsburgh . He worked in a glass factory until 1875, when he came to Moon township, where he bought a small farm. He sold the farm in 858 HISTOEY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. 1883, and came to Phillipsburg, where he is employed by the Phcsnix Glass Company. He was married, in Ireland, to Jane E., daughter of Arthur Brady, and they have five children: Mary A., William, John B., Rebecca J. and George A. The parents and the eldest daughter are members of the Presbyterian churchi Mr. Kelly is a Republican. Albxandek Kennedy, farmer and merchant, P. O. Shoustown, was born in Inde- pendence township, this couLty, July 14, 1839. His grandfather, Ambrose Kennedy, was a native of Ireland and of Scotch descent. He married Drucilla Inman, and they ■came to this, country and settled in Allegheny county. Pa. Their son, Alexander Kennedy, Sr., was born in Allegheny county, was a farmer, and died there at the age of forty-five years. He was married to Bmeline, daughter of John and Agnes (Shipman) McMurtrie. She was born near Philadelphia, and came to Allegheny county when four years old. She is the mother of four sons and three daughters. Of the sons, only our subject is living. He was educated here, and married Mary J., daughter of A. P. Mor- row. They have five children: Alexander M., AnnaZ., Hugh, ^a^ah A. and Laura May. The parents are members of the United Presbyterian church. Mr. Kennedy was formerly a Democrat, but is now independent in politics? He has held the oflBce of supervisor, is an extensive farmer, and keeps a general store. Henky Kennedy, farmer, P. O. Holt, is a native of Allegheny county. Pa., born March 6, 1818, second son in the family of eight children, four boys and four girls, of Alexander and Elizabeth (Myers) Kennedy, former of whom, a twin son of Ambrose Kennedy, was a farmer and blacksmith, which trade he followed up to his death. Ambrose Kennedy, who came from Ireland to America in an early day, had three chil- dren. Henry learned his father's trade at home, and in 1836 came to this county, where he has followed agriculture. He was married, in 1841, to Isabella, born Oct. 25, 1817, a daughter of Hugh Orr, of this county, and the result of this union has been four chil- dren: Martha Jane, born Sept, 2, 1842 ; Alexander and an infant (deceased), twins, born March 27, 1844, Elizabeth Ann, born July 24, 1846, died June 18, 1861. Mrs. Kennedy died Jan. 6, 1888, a member of the Presbyterian church, of which Mr. Kennedy is also a, member. In politics he is a Democrat. WiifLiAM A. Kennedy, farmer, P. O. Green Garden, was born in Findlay town- ship, Allegheny county, Aug. 19, 1815. He is a grandson of William A. Kennedy, who left Ireland on account of religious intolerance, and settled in Butler county. Pa., dying at the age of ninety years in Steubenville, Ohio. His children were Alexander and William A. (twins), and Mrs. Stephenson. Of these William A. was four years old when the family came from Ireland. He died in Jackson county, Ohio, aged sixty- five years. His wife, Druzilla (Inman), was of Scotch descent, and died in Jackson county, Ohio, aged seventy-one years. Their children were Ezekiel, Alexander and William A. and John (twins). William A., subject of this sketch, was educated in Allegheny county, where he learned tlie cooper's trade, and followed it for ten years. In April, 1841, he came to Independence township; he owns a farm of 160 acres, that township, and another of 143 acres in Raccoon township. In 1878 he went to New Brighton, where his son. Dr. Robert S., kept a drug store. Two years later he moved to Beaver, where he was in partntrfhip with his ton in the cffice of the Star After seven years he returned to the farm, where he has since remained. He was married to Rosa B., daughter of Robert Shannon. She died in 1881, aged sixty-seven years Two children are now living: Dr. Robert S. and Mary D. Mr. Kennedy is a member of the United Presbyterian church; in politics a Democrat. In early life he was a lieu- tenant of a militia company . .o. /^^.'^'j™ ^- ^''''"^' P'^ysician, P. O. Hookstown, was born in Hookstown Auff 16 1844. His father, grandfather and great-grandfather were each named David The great-grandfather was a native of County Antrim, Ireland, and his wife was Jane Black. He settled near Frankfort Springs while the Indians were still about. He raised a eood cropof corn the first summer, with his family safely housed for weeks at a time in Dungan fort He died on the homestead which he settled. He had five children: David Mary, Jane, Sallie and Margaret. Of these David married Rachel, daughter of Thomas BIOGEAPHIES SOUTH SIDE. 859 «,nd Nancy (Pliillis) Moore, and had five children; Thomas, David, Samuel, Mary A. -and Agnes. -The father died in Hookstown, aged eighty-seven years. The mother died in Greene township, aged ninety years, having had her thigh broken tliree weeks previous to her death. Her son David was a carpenter. He was made captain of militia by Governor Porter. He married Mary, daughter of Capt. Thomas Swaney, of Hanover ■township. She died July 7, 1887, aged seventy-six years. His death occuried Nov. 25, 1887, in his seventy-sixth year. Mr. and Mrs. Kerr were members of the Presbyterian <;hurcli for about forty-eight years, and he was an elder thirty-two yeais. Their children were Jane, Raohel, Samuel, Prank D., Sylvester and Estella. Rachel, who married William F. Johnson, D. D., was a graduate of Beatty's Female Seminary, Sieubenville, ■Ohio, and was a missionary in India for twenty-five years. Franklin D., the subject of this sketch, was married Sept. 7, 1871, to Susan M., daughter of James Nelson, Esq., of Hanover township, and they have four daughters living: Helen, Jennie, Edith and Nellie, and had three sons and two daughters deceased, Olive, four years old, being the -eldest deceased. The Doctor is a brother-in-law of Rev. William P.Johnson, D. D., president of Biddle University, N. C, a missionary to India for twenty-five years, and of J. C. Langfitt, Esq., of Allegheny City. He was schooled in his native village and for some ti me worked at carpentering. When past seventeen he enlisted with his only brother, Samuel, who was breveted major for gallant services as a private in the 140th Regiment P. V . He took part in the battles of Ohancellorsville, Gettysburg, Maryland Heights, Bolivar Heights, Halltown aud other engagements . After Gettysburg he was trans- ferred and promoted to first lieutenant, Company G, 1st Maryland Cavalry (Cole's Cav- alry), and was for a time in command of Company B. He afterward served as adjutant, assistant adjutant-general, commissary, quartermaster, commander of blockhouse with parts of two companies at Back Creek, "Va., and aide-de-camp to Gen. William H. ■Seward, and his last services were as judge advocate of a military commission, which sat atHarper's Ferry under General Stevenson, for the trial of bushwhackers confined there. Be was recommended to President Lincoln for appointment as a cadet at West Point by ■General Seward, Colonel Cole, Colonel Vernon and others, but the consent of his parents was withheld. He served in the army three years before he reached his majority. After the war he attended Washington and Jefferson College; taught school, traveled in the West, and after three years' study was graduated from Cleveland Medical Colleges of Wooster University, Ohio. He has been practicing in his native village for a number of years. Dr. Kerr was elected an elder in the Presbyterian church in 1883, of which he he has been a member since he was sixteen years of age. Pkeslby M. Kbbr, M. D. (deceased), was born in Raccoon township, Beaver •county. Pa., in 1835, a son of James W. and Mary (Allen) Kerr, parents of eight chil- dren, our subject being the second youngest. He was born and reared on the home farm, attended both public and high schools, graduated from the Allopathic College at Cincinnati in I860,, and at once commenced the practice of his profession in his native townshfp, in which he continued up to his death in 1884. At the outbreak of the Civil War the Doctor was appointed field sergeant, which position he had to resign, owing to ill health, and return home, but was soon called again into service, attending in the prac- tice of his profession Hairwood and other hospitals, for over a year. On his return from the army he was appointed physician to the County Home, which position he filled for fourteen years, at the end of which time he resigned on account of ill health. He was married, in 1863, to Nancy J., daughter of James and Nancy (McAulley) Ingalls, by which union there are six children, all at home: Alvin H. and James Purdy, studying medicine, Nancy A., Emma, John P. aud Anderson J. The family are all members of the Presbyterian church, as was also the Doctor. In politics he was a Republican. Chables Kugel, farmer, P. O. Water Cure, was born in Baden, near Heidelberg, •Germany, April 1, 1848, and is a son of George and Catherina(Epert) Kugel, the former a native of Baden, and the latter of Hesse Darmstadt. Both died in Moon township, on *he farm where they first settled. They came to America in 1849, reaching Rochester, Pa., July 4 of that year. George followed the trade of carpenter and cabinet-maker one 860 HISTORY OF BEAVEE COUNTV. year, then engaged in farming. He bad nine children, six of ■whom lived to maturity.-: Charles, Catherine, Elizabeth, Caroline, Bertha and .George. Charles was educated in Beaver county, and own.s eighty-two acres of land, a part of the old homestead. He married Pauline Kaercher, a native of Beaver county, and a daughter of Charles F. Kaercher, who was born in Wurtemberg, Germany. She has three children: Albert; J., C. Frederick and William George. The parents are members of the Lutheran church. Mr. Kugel is a Democrat, and was supervisor of the township in 1885. William Langfitt, farmer,'?. O. Kendall, has been a life-long resident of Han- over township, where he was born March 31, 1820. His grandfather, William Langfitt, the hero of the frontier of Beaver county, was born on the eastern shore of Maryland, came West in youth, and "tomahawked" the road from Washington to Georgetown. He married Margaret, daughter of James Campbell, a pioneer of Virginia. Thty set- tled in Hanover township, where Ephraim Langfitt now resides, and where they died, he at the age of ninety-eight and she at the age of eighty-eight years. They had five sons and five daughters: James, William, John, Philip and Thomas; Bettie, Sarah, Katie, Rebecca antethodist church, and his wife of the United Presbyterian Politically Mr. Scott is a Republican. ^ L. H^Scott, farmer, P. O. Holt, was born, in 1859, on the farm where he has always ived, in Raccoon township, Beaver county, Pa. He is the third son of John and Ellen (btansbury) Scott, and was lirought up to agricultural pursuits. In 1(^80 he married Jessie daughter of William and Mary (Wallace) Barnes, by which union have been born two children : Mary Ellen and Alice lona. Mr. and Mrs. Scott attend the services of the Methodist church. In politics he is a Republican. WiLLi.wi Scott, farmer, P. O. Murdocksville, was born in Hanover township BIOGRAPHIES SOOTH SIDE. 887 Washington county, Pa., Oct. 26, 1833. His grandfather, Joseph Scott, was born in the eastern part Pennsylvania, and was of Scotch descent. He was one of the early set- tlers of Washington county, and died there aged ninety-six years. He was a farmer. Botli he and his wife, Martha Paden, were members of the Cross Roads Presbyterian church. They had five children: Benjamin S., Jane, Martha, Betsey and Joseph. Of these Joseph was born on the old homestead in 1799, and died there in 1873. He was a farmer, and married Isabelle, daughter of Samuel Nelson, a native of Hookstown, Beaver county, Pa. She bore him five children; Louisa, William, Margaret A., Elizabeth and Joseph. The parents were members of the Presbyterian church. William, our subject, was a farmer in Washington county until 1858, when he came to this county. Jan . 28, 1861, he married Agnes H., daughter of David Moreland She was born June 7, 1836, in Robinson township, Washington county, and is the mother of six children: Mary Bell, David 31., James A., Jennie L., Ada Robertine and Leona A. Mrs. Scott is a member of the Hebron Presbyterian church. Mr. Scott is a successful farmer, and owns 163 acres, which he has greatly improved. In politics he is a Democrat. Samuel Sh.\fbb, blacksmith, P. O. Shafer's, is a son of Daniel Shafer, and was born in Moon township Jan. 16, 1829. He was reared and educated in Moon township, and learned his trade in the village of Scottsville with George Denny. He has a farm of ninety acres. His wife is Agues, daughter of James McCallister, and they have seven children: MaryE., James M., Ann E., Emma R., William M., Daniel P. and ^^ancy J. The parents are active members of the Raccoon United Presbyterian church . Mr. Shafer has been a chorister about thirty-seven years, and Sunday-school superinten- dent two and one-half years. He takes a deep interest in all things pertaining to the welfare of the community. He has been a Republican ever since the inception of that party, having previously been a Whig. John Shafer, farmer, P. O. Shafer's, was born on the old homestead, in Moon township, June 9, 1831 . His father, Daniel, was born in Pennsylvania east of the mountains, and settled on Raccoon creek in Independence township, but subsequently came to :\Ioon township, where he died. His wife was Jlary, daughter of Samuel Wade, and they had nine children: Sarah A., William, Eliza J., Samuel, John, Daniel, James, Marv and Joanna . John Shafer is by trade a wagon maker, which business he followed in New Scottsville from 1854 to 1865. He then returned to Moon township, where he owns a farm of 147 acres. He married Esther, daughter of John McClester. They have seven children: Lizzie (Mrs. Bell), Anna M., Frank E. (in Missouri), Mattie J., Ella A., John M. and James A. J. B. Shane, M. D., P. O. Service, is a native of Raccoon township, this county, born in 1832, a sen of Cornelius and Mary (Bryan) Shane (parents of nine sons and three daughters), the latter a daughter of John Bryan. Cornelius Shane, also a native of this township, by occupation a farmer, was the second son of Timothy Shane. The latter came from Ireland to America at an early day, took part in the Revolution- ary War; he was the father of five sons and two daughters. J. B. was reared on the farm where he was born, and for some time followed school-teaching; then commenced the study of medicine with his brother. Dr. S. C. Shane, and attended college at Cleve- land • f olio wi ng which he located in Raccoon township, and has since practiced his profes- sion here. He was married, in 1857, to Lizzie, daughter of James Craig, and eight chil- dren were born to them, six now liviuij-: :Maggie (now Mrs. George), Mary Bell (at home) William P., Joseph W., Ernest Elmor and Thomas N. The entire family are members of the United Presbyterian church. In politics the Doctor is a Republican. RoBEET Shaknon (deceased) was a son of Robert Shannon, Sr., and grandson of Robert Shannon, a nalive of Ireland who came to America before the Revolution, and settled in Independence township. He took up a tract of several hundred acres, and died here in 1831, aged seventy-four years. His wife Isabella died in 1843, also aged seventy -four years. They had five sons and five daughters. Of the sons, Robert, father of our subject, a farmer by occupation, was born in Independence township, Beaver county Pa., where he also died, aged about forty years. His wife was Mary, daughter HISTOEY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. Of William Thomson, and their children were William, Thomson, Robert, Lindsey, and Rosa Bell (deceased in 1881,) who married William A. Kennedy. Robert, our subject was a farmer, went to California in 1853, and remained five years. He drove a pair ol mules over the plains with a company from Pittsburgh, and worked m the gold mines. His health failing he returned to the old homestead, and there died Nov. 4 1H71 . ^e was married, in 1859, to Nancy A., daughter of Alexander Thomson, and the is the mother of two children: Alexander Thomson (deceased) and Jennie M. (wife ot i!.dwara Snyder). Mrs. Shannon is a merfiber of Raccoon church. She owns a valuable prop- erty of 312 acres, including the old homestead. George Shiluto was born in Ireland, and brought to America at the age of eleven years. His parents settled near Germantown, Pa. George served in the Revo- lution, and at the termination of that contest married Miss Nancy Miller, of Robinson s Run, Washington county, Pa., and settled in Raccoon township in April, 1813. He became the father of seven children: Samuel, John, Elizabeth, Jane, James, Mary and Ebenezer. He died at the age of eighty-four years, on the old homestead; and his wife, in Hanover township, at the age of ninety-one years. W. W. Shillito, retired farmer, P. O. Service, was born in Raccoon township, Beaver county, Pa., in 1831, eldest son of James and Violet (Smith) Shillito, who were married in 1880, and had eight children, seven of whom are yet living. James, at the age of nineteen, learned the trade of tanner and currier, which he carried on in addition to farming, having received from his father, in 1838, fifty acres of land. George Shillito, grandfather of W. W., came to this county from Allegheny county, about 1813, and here purchased 434 acres of land near where Service church now stands. He married Nancy Miller, who became the mother of eight children, James being the fourth son. Our subject has always lived on the old homestead and followed agricultural pursuits, having also learned the trade of tanner and -currier. He married, in 1858, Jane, daughter of Samuel and Elizabeth (Thompson) Reed. Mr. Shillito has been assessor of his township, was on the board of election, and filled other positions of trust. Mr. and Mrs. Shillito are members of the United Presbyterian church; he is a Republican. Daniel B. Shout, farmer, P. O. Water Cure, was born in Moon township, this county, June 16, 1836, and is a son of John Short. The latter was born on the ocean, while his parents Hugh and Ann Short were coming to this country from Ireland. They lived for a short time in Little York, Pa., then came to Irons Ridge, Beaver county. John Short married Elizabeth, daughter of Daniel Baker, whose father, George Baker, was captured by the Indians. Mrs. Elizabeth Short died Dec. 9, 1867, aged nearly sixty-eight years. She had three children: Daniel B., John H. and Mar- garet. Daniel B. received his education in a log school-house. He married Jane JtcCallister, of Hopewell township, and she has borne him seven children: Lizzie, Nancy, James M., John B., Reuel R., Jane I. ajid Margaret E. Mr. Short owns two farms containing 194 and seventy-two acres, respectively. By his own energetic efforts he has achieved success. He worked at brickmaking six years, receiving only eight and ten dollars per month. In politics he is a Republican. He and his wife are members of the Presbyterian church. Geo. W. Shroads, farmer, P. O. Bellowsville, was born in Moon township Oct. 3, 1831. His great-grandfather, Jacob Shroads, a native of Germany, located in Pitts- burgh when that place was a borough, and removed to Moon township, Allegheny county, where he farmed. He was accidentally killed while crossing a pair of bars. He weighed about 850 pounds. He had five sons. George was a farmer first in Allegheny county, and afterward in Ohio and Virginia. In 1834 he came to Beaver county and ferried at what is now Vanport ferry. He died in Moon township at the age of sixty- seven years. His wife, Mary, was a daughter of James Minor, and died here at the age of sixty-five years. She had six children: Jacob, William, Samuel, Margaret, Eliza and John. William was a farmer and a man of local prominence. He filled the office of county commissioner, and was steward of the county home for thirteen years; also held many township offices, including constable, fifteen years, and justice of the peace. BI0GEAPIIIE8 — SOUTH SIDK. thirty years. He was an auctioneer for fifty years, and was a major of militia. His wife taught him how to write. He died June 9, 1885, aged seventy eight year.s. His wife ]N[argaret was a daughter of Anthony Baker, who came from Virginia and set- tled here about 1800, She died March 22, 1881, aged seventy years. Her children were George W., Jiary (deceased wife of Dr. David MtiUer), Jtargaret (deceased wife of John B.Potter, of Phillipsburg), Martha (Mrs. Dunn),Viannah, Lossan (Mrs. Badders)and Wil- liam James E. George W. received a common-school education, and has made farm- ing the business of his life. He was county commi.ssioner in 1876-79, and has also filled township oflSces. He is a Republican. He was school director many years. His wife is Jane, daughter of Moses Rambo, and granddaughter of William Rambo, one of the early pioneers. Mr. and Mis. Shroads have eight children living: George W., Jr., John M., James M., David, Porter, Zoa, Stanley Quay and Edwin Forrest. The parents are members of the Presbyterian church. James B. Simpson, glass blower, P. O. Water Cure, is a son of William Simpson a, native of Ireland, and of Scotch descent. When a young man, William Simpson came to this country willi his wife. They settled in Lancaster county. Pa., and he became a gardener and florist, having learned the business in his native country. He was a leader among the Orangemen, and a member of the United Presbyterian church. He finally removed to St. Louis, where he died, and was buried with great ceremony by the Masonic fraternity, of which he was a prominent member. His widow, Susannah E. Simpson, now resides in Pittsburgh. She has seven children, all living: John, Harry, George, James B., Emma (Mrs. McDonald), Virginia (Mrs. Allen) and Cora A. James B. was educated and learned his trade in Pittsburgh. In 1881 he removed to Phillipsburg, and became a stockholder in the Phwnix Glass Company. He worked there until the fall of 1887, when he became a stockholder in the New Brighton Glass Company. He is president of the school board, and takes a deep interest in educational matters. John E. Smith, retired, Georgetown, was born March 38, 1838. His great-great- grandfather left Scotland during the religious revolution, and his great-grandfather John was born in New Jersey. William Smith, the grandfather of our subject, married a daughter of Joseph Smith, but not a relative. He (William) died on Terre Haute Prairie, Ind., in 1818, being one of the pioneers of that locality; his wife died the same year, land they left ten children: Sarah, John, Joseph, James. William, Steel, Robert, Washington, Smiley and Rebecca. All except John lived to a good old age, and all returned to Belmont county, Ohio, where the parents had formerly lived. The sons were all millers by occupation, as was the father. John was born in 1801, in Washington county, Pa., and died in Belmont county, Ohio, in 1848. He married Martha, daughter of John and Mary (Stewart) Kirkwood. She died March 10, 1887, in her eighty -second year. She had ten children: William S., John Edie, Mary E., Rebecca J., Joseph W., Sarah A., Martha E., Margaret A., James S. and Campbell K. John E. was a miller and farmer until he was nineteen years old. He then went on the river, followed engineering eighteen years, and was a captain three years. He then carried on mercantile business at Smith's Ferry and Glasgow. While at the latter place, he lost his two sons, William S. and James K., aged eleven and thirteen years respec- tively. This loss caused him to leave the place and remove to Georgetown, where he bought "Rose Point," which he has greatly improved and beautified. His wife was Emily, daughter of James and Mary Boyles Kelsey. She had five children, all deceased except' Callie K., wife of T. Stephen Laughlln. The family are members of the Presbyterian church. In politics Mr. Smith is a Republican. Julian J. Smyth, farmer, P. O. Service, was born in Wellsville, Ohio, March 3, 1847. His grandfather, John Smyth, who was born of Irish descent, came to Beaver county about the close of the War of 1812, from Adams county, Pa., bought land and settled in Hanover township, where he died at the age of seventy-two years. His wife was Nancy, daughter of John McClure, and they had eight children: James, John, Cynthia William, Eliza J., Violet, Nancy and Washington R. The last named was born near Cannonsburg, Pa. , and was a mere boy when he came to this county. Early 890 HISTOEY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. in life he was a tanner and harness-maker, but later became a farmer; was also a mer- chant for several 'years, and a hotel-keeper. He died July 33, 1866, aged fifty-six years. His wife was Melvina D . , daughter of John M. Jenkins, an attorney at law at Wellsville, Ohio. She died Dec. 26, 1881, aged sixty years. Washington R. Smyth was a Demo- crat, and a prominent man in his day. He was brigadier-general of state militia under Governor Bigler. He had three children: Wellington W., Julian J. and Clarence C. The latter is chief clerk for the master mechanic of the Bee Line Railroad; Wellington W. is an engineer on the I. & St. L. Railroad; Julian J. married Elizabeth, daughter of John McMurtry, and they have seven children: Frank H., Blanche F., Mortimer C, Bessie M., Ralph W., Libbie D., and Lillian. Mr. Julian J. Smyth is a Democrat. He owns a farm of 230 acres. * JohnL. Snydeb (deceased) was born Nov. 27, 1829, in Allegheny City, Pa. His father, Martin Snyder, was born on the Rhine, in Germany, came to Pittsburgh when a young man and kept a dairy. He died in Wall Rose, Beaver county, where he owned a farm, which is yet in the possession of his widow, Mary (Black) Snyder. Martin Snyder had eleven children, including two pairs of twins. Only six are living. John L. was educated in his native town, where he lived until a young man, when he moved with his father to Economy township, Beaver county. There he was married, Feb. 23, 1855, to Susan, daughter of Thomas and Isabella (Porter) Neill, both of whom died in Beaver county, he at the age of ninety, and she at the age of seventy one years and eleven months. The Neill family came from near Belfast, Ireland. Mr. and Mrs. Snyder had eight children, who are now living: Alfred L , Thomas M., Isabella A., Mary A. (deceased), Edward R., Callie M., Clara E. and Anna L. Mr. Snyder was a ruling elder in the Presbyterian church. He was in the dairy business, which his widow has continued successfully in spite of many discouragements. She has erected new buildings, and made great improvements on the farm generally. Valentinb Sohn, farmer, P. O. Woodlawn, was born in Gross Karlbach, Rhein- Baiern, Germany, Dec. 22, 1819. His grandparents were Heinrich and Catharine Sohn. The former died at the age of seventy-seven years^ and the latter at the age of nine ty-six. His parents were John G. and Ann Maria Sohn, former of whom died at the age of forty-two years, and the latter at the age of eighty-four. They had eleven chil- dren. Valentine came to this country at the age of nineteen, in 1838, reaching Pitts- burgh on Aug. 30. He worked as a gardener and florist, six years, and after his marriage followed gardening on his own account, five years. He then purchased a farm of fifty- five acres in Hopewell township, and to this he subsequently added thirty-three acres. He owns two other farms, containing respectively seventy-tw o and 160 acres. He is a member of the Protestant church at Phillipsburg; in politics a Republican. He married Louise Eirich, who has borne him nine children: Maria L., Sarah, George J., Will- iam, Heinrich, Louise, Car], Emma (deceased at the age of twenty-two years) and Elizabeth Gertrude. George J. Sohn, farmer, P. O. Shafer's, was born in East Liberty, Allegheny county. Pa., June 14, 1851, a son of Valentine Sohn. He was educated' in Beaver county, and has been a farmer all his life. He married, March 31, 1880, Miss Lizzie Wilhelm who was born July 5, 1854, in Moon township. Her father, John Wilhelm a native of Hesse-Darmstadt, Germany, came to America in 1853, and settled near Pitts- burgh. One year later he went to Huntingdon county, where he worked in the woods • thence came to Quincy, 111., and one year later returned to Allegheny countv where he was married, in 1844, to Gertrude, daughter of Conrad Hert, and who diedApril 23 1883. She had three children: John, in Allegheny City; Heinrich, living in the South on account of ill health, and Lizzie. Mr. and Mrs. Sohn have two children • Elmer born Dec. 19, 1881, and Gilbert, born Feb. 15, 1886. In 1880 Mr. Sohn came to Moon town- ship, where he has a farm 165 acres, equipped with the finest farm buildings and machinery in the township. He and his wife are members of the Lutheran church at Phillipsburg. "" W. H. Sohn, farmer, P. O. Woodlawn, was born March 30, 1858, in Hopewell BIOGEAPHIES — SOUTH SIDE. 891 township. He is a son of Valentine Sohn, -who settled in Beaver county, in February, 1853. W. H. received a common-school education, and adopted the business of farm- ing, in which he has been successful. He was married, Sept. 22, 1881, to Alice, daughter of William JIcDonald, and they have one child, Bessie, born July 4, 1884. Mr. Sohn is a Republican. Hon. Edward Spence, justice of the peace, Georgetown, is a son of Edward Spence, a native of Ireland, of Scotch descent. The father married Ann Smythe, whose four nephews were Presbyterian ministers, and one of whom was a member of parliament, ilr. and ^Mrs. Spence came to America with two children, Richard and Samuel, and settled in Rhode Island. They afterward lived in Massachusetts, and later came to Allegheny county. Pa., where the father engaged in farming and garden- ing. They finally came to Georgetown, where the father and mother died, aged, respectively, eighty one and eighty two years, both members of the Baptist church. They had four children born in America; Mary, Edward, John and Margaret. Edward was born in Pawtucket, Mass. , April 9, 1829, and was educated in Allegheny county. He has been a farmer and merchant, and engaged in producing petroleum oil. He was married Jan. 2, 1879, to Jennie, daughter of R. D. Dawson. Mr. Spence has been a Re- publican ever since the inception of that party. He was in Kansas during the border troubles, and took an active part in making it a free state. When the war broke out, being in West Virginia during the formation of the state, he received a commission as second lieutenant from Gov. Pierpont. He has filled the office of burgess for a number of years, and has been justice of the peace for five years. In 1880 the people showed their appreciation of his sterling worth by electing him representative, which office he filled with honor and ability. iliCHAEL Sprixgek, retired farmer, merchant and postmaster. Green Garden, is a native of Beaver county, born in 1819. His paternal great-grandfather came from Switzerland. His grandfather, Michael Springer, a farmer, born in Eastern Pennsyl- vania, married Susan Sunderland, who became the mother of five sons and six daughters. Daniel, the eldest son, was born in Allegheny county, and remained on the home farm until a young man; then came to Moon township, this county, where he purchased a farm on Raccoon Creek. He married Rebecca Meaner, who bore him eight children. Michael, the second son, remained on his father's farm until his twenty-second year; married Elizabeth, daughter of John Cooper, and by her had six children, five ibow living: Elizabeth Susan (now Mrs. Ewing), John C, Christina Maggie (now Mrs. White), Mary R. and James E. When Mr. Springer arrived at maturity his father gave him sixty-three acres of land, and soon afterward he purchased seventy-five more, and is now the owner of 140 acres. In addition to farming he has followed mercantile business for twenty-two years. He has been postmaster at Green Garden since 1867, and has also been mercantile appraiser and school director. He is a member of the United Presbyterian church . In politics he is a Republican . Henry Springer, farmer, P. O. Clinton, Allegheny county, was born in Allegheny county, Oct. 11, 1835. His grandfather, Mathias Springer, was born at the forks of Yah on the Allegheny river, and was a farmer there. He came to Allegheny county in 1785, was a soldier in the Revolution, and participated in the battles around Lake Erie. His son, Joseph, was born in Findley township, Allegheny county, and died on the old Springer homestead there, aged sixty-six years. He was a farmer, in politics a Democrat; a member of the United Presbyterian church at Clinton under Rev. William Wilson, then called the Seceder's church. His wife was Nancy McMurtrie, and they had ten children. Of these Henry came to Beaver county in 1860, and settled on the old Bier farm owned by his father. He still owns the farm which contains 175 acres. His wife is Rebecca, daughter of John and Sarah (Carr) Mateer, and they have seven chil- dren now living: Nancy E., Sarah M. (Mrs. Doughty of Beaver Falls), Ulysses A., Joseph H Lillie M., Martha J. and John M. Mr. and Mrs. Springer are active members of the Hebron church, and he is one of the trustees. He is a Democrat, and has held various . township offices, serving six years as school director. 892 HISTORY OF BEAVteE COUNTY. Hon. Robert L. Stbrlins, farmer, P. O. Seventy-Six, was born in the village of Independence, Nov. 14, 1835. His grandfather, Robert Sterling, was born in Ireland, of Scotch descent, and came to America in 1837. James Sterling, father of Robeit L., came to this country in 1829, being twenty-nine years old at the time. He woiked for some time in Pittsburgh in the rolling mills, and as a salesman. He married Margaret Ebbernethy, and came to Bocktown, where he opened a store. He next moved to Sev- euty-Six, where he was the first postmaster, and was a merchant there seven years; then went to Bloomtield, Hanover township, and eighteen months later removed to the farm in Independence township, where he died at the age of seventy-eight. His widow sur- vived him two years, dying in 1880. They were the parents of five children: Robert L., Margarety Elizabeth, William (who died in the army) and Martha J. Robert L. was educated in his native county, and at the Iron City Mercantile College. He owns a farm of 113 acres, on which were a saw and grist mill. He rebuilt the sawmill in 1859, and the gristmill in 1863. His wife is Elizabeth M. , daughter of James Sbillito. They are members of the United Presbyterian church, of which he is an elder. He is a Repub- lican, and has held many township ofBces, including justice of the peace thirteen years. In 1885 he was elected a member of the legislature. Andrew Stevenson, farmer, Frankfort Springs, was born Dec' 5, 1832, in Moon township, Allegheny county. Pa., a son of John Stevenson, who was born in Pigeon Creek, Allegheny county. He (John), married and settled in Moon township, where he died at the age of seventy-two years. His wife, Nancy, a daughter of Philip Hooper, died, aged sixty-two years. She raised nine children. At the age of twenty-five, Andrew came to Frankfort Springs, Hanover township, an J engaged in milling in part- nership with his brother John, to whom he sold out two years later. He then returned to Washington county, where he carried on agriculture five years; then came back to Beaver county, where he farmed and kept store at Frankfort Springs two years. He owns two farms in Beaver county, one of 170 acres and the other of 300 acres, and also one of 191 acres in Washington couoty. His wife, Ann Maria, was a granddaughter of Mrs. Mary Dungan, and daughter of John Roberts, an old pioneer, who was born Aug. 13, 1780, and died at the age of ninety-five years, and whose son. Colonel R. P. Roberts, fell at Gettysburg. Mrs. Stevenson is the mother of four children: John, Richard P.[ Mrs. Agnes M. Bryte and aamuel M. Mr. and Stevenson are members of the Presby- terian church. He is a Republican. W. S. Stevenson, farmer, P. O. Hookstown, was born Dec. 30, 1851, on the farm where he now resides. His great-great-grandfather was born in Scotland, and emi- grated to Ireland. His great-grandfather, James Stevenson, was born in Ireland, emi- grated to America, was an orderly sergeant in the Revolutionary army, was captured by the British, confined in Philadelphia nine months, and exchanged at New York He lived after the war in Chester county, Pa., was collector of fines for that county and was twice married. His first wife was Hannah Bull, sister of Colonel Bull, of the Revolu- tionary army. She bore him seven daughters and three sons. His second wife was Catharine Moore, who bore him eight sons and one daughter. In 1808 he moved to Poland, Ohio, and lived on a farm which he cleared, dying in the eighty -fifth year of his age. Two sons by his second marriage survive him: Silas, of New Castle Pa and McCurdy, of New Bedford, Lawrence county. Pa., the latter now in his eighty-second r'^'^-J^nT^ Stevenson, a son of James Stevenson by his first marriage, was born Aug. 35, 1788, was a fanner and owned the farm now occupied by W. S. Stevenson and on whichhe died July 17, 1847. He was a Democrat, and an adherent of the O S Presbyterian church. He was married, Dec. 19, 1811, to Jane Smith who was born July 28 1783, and died Oct. 27 1853. Their children, all of whom are dlad, were Nancy Esther James, Jonathan, Thomas and Elizabeth (twins), Martha, Andrew Samp- son and Mary J. Of these Sampson was born Sept. 8, 1824, and died Aug 28 1880 He was a farmer, a member of the United Presbyterian church, and politically a Republican He was twice married, firs to Rachel Stewart, who was born Feb. 27, 1838, and dfed June 2, 1854, and whose only surviving child is our subject, a younger child LTuraE BIOGRAPHIES SOUTH SIDE. 893 dying in infancy. His second wife, Rebecca Manor, survives liim. W. S. Stevenson was married, April 23, 1879,' to Mary A., daugliter of Robert N. Graliam. Three children have blessed this union: S. Percy, Willis R. and Samuel N. The parents are members of the United Presbyterian church. Mr. Stevenson, politically, is a Republican. Richard D. Stewakt, undertaker, llookstown, was born June 5, 1838. His grand- father Stewart, one of the first settlers of Findley township, Allegheny county, bought 1,000 acres on Potato Garden Run, a small part of which was cleared, probably by the Indians. He afterward sold 200 acres for what he had paid for the whole tract, and died on the property. His widow died in 1843, aged eighty-four years. They had eleven children: Jane, John, James, Richard, Joseph, Thomas, Ann, Ellen, Polly, Sarah and Peggie. Of these Richard was married, April 12, 1821, to Mary Stuard, who died Feb. 19, 1873, aged seventy -four years. He died Jan. 2, 1860, aged sixty-two years. They were members of the Presbyterian church of Hopewell, of which he was an elder many years. Their children were James, Catherine, John B., Margaret, Mary, Joseph, James R. and Richard D. John B. is a Presbyterian minister at River- side, Cal. Richard D. was born on the old homestead, which he farmed until 1876, when he sold out and moved to Hanover, this county, where he bought 170 acres of land. He afterward sold out and came to Hookstown, where he has since been engaged in the undertaking business. He married Matilda, daughter of Russel Moore, and they had six children: Mary E. , wife of James McCready; Margaret J., Nancy M., John M., Frank and Harr3^ The parents are members of the Hookstown Presbyterian church, of which the father is trustee and deacon. Politically he is a Republican. Robert W. Stewart, farmer, P. O. Hookstown, was born Sept. 15, 1819, and is of Scotch descent. His grandfather Stewart was a colonel in the army in his native country; he had a large family, his sons in America receiving a dowry from him many years ago. Of his sons, Benjamin lived in Westmoreland county. Pa. He removed to Vir- ginia when a young man, and was married in West Virginia to Rebecca Cochran. They sold their farm in Virginia, and came to Greene township, where Robert W. now lives, and where they died. They had seven children: Charles, Mary, Susan, Rebecca, Robert W., Samuel Elihu and Margaret J. Robert W. has been twice married. His first wife, Isabella Ewing, died, leaving three children : Mary J., Sarah and John, all married. His present wife was Mrs Jane Stevenson, nee Ramsey. His children by her are Oliver, Laura, Anna, Harriet and George. Mr. and Mrs. Stewart are members of the Presbyterian church of Hookstown, of which he is an elder. He was formerly an elder in the Mill Creek church. He has takea much interest in church and school work. Politically he is a Republican. William Stewart, plumber, P. O. Water Cure, was born and educated in this county. His father, Samuel Stewart, was born in Scotland, and came with his parents to this country when a mere youth. He settled in the northeastern part of West Vir- ginia, and became a farmer. He lived for a while in Bridgewater, this county, but fin- ally returned to the old homestead, where he died at the age of sixty-four years. His wife, nee Elizabeth Grim, died at the same age. She was of German descent, and had two children: Josephine and William. William married Louisa Brady, a native of Cas- sel Germany, who died Jan. 1, 1881, aged forty-six years. She had four children who are now living: Felix, William, Albert and Clara L. In early life, Mr. Stewart was a shoemaker. For sixteen years he worked for the Gray Iron Line of boats, but for the last five years has been employed by the Phoenix Glass Company, of Phillipsburg. James Storer, farmer, P. O. Holt, is a native of Washington county, Pa., born in 1858 son of Richard and Mary Jane (Cooper) Storer, latter a daughter of David Cooper' Richard Storer was for many years a boat-builder in Pittsburgh, Pa., but for the past thirty years has carried on farming in Allegheny county. He had thirteen children nine of them yet living., James being the youngest son. Our subject worked on his father's farm until twenty-two years of age; then commenced on his own account, and in 1884 came to this county, where he settled on his present farm . He married, in 1880, Phebe Ann, daughter of David and Mary (Gibson) McMillin, and by her has three 51 894 HISTOEY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. children: Mary Elva, Richard William and Harper Beacom. Mr. Storer and family- are members of the United Presbyterian church at Mt. Pleasant; in politics he is a Republican. David M. Strouss, farmer, P. O. Harshaville, was born May 9, 1857, on the Strouss homestead, and is a son of David Strouss. He was reared and educated in this county, and has been a successful farmer. He Bas a portion of the old homestead, con- sisting of 134 acres. He married Aug. 12, 1879, Delia F., daughter of James and Jane .(Leeper) Patterson. By her he has three children: Junius M., James C. and Charles A. Mr. Strouss and wife are members of the Olivet Presbyterian church, of which he is trustee and treasurer. Politically he is identified with the Democratic party. Hbnkt Strouss, farmer, P. O. Clinton, Allegheny county, was born Jan. 28, 1807, in Northampton county. Pa. His grandfather, David Strouss, was born in Germany, and died in Pennsylvania; and his father, Henry, was born in New York City, in 1768, married Barbara Rouch, and died in 1861. He bought 100 acres of land in Independence township. His son Henry, the subject of this sketch, yet owns ninety-three acres of this land, which he has greatly improved. He has been twice married. His first wife was Nancy Bolger, and his present wife is Sarah, daughter of Joseph Gunnett, a millwright by trade, who died in this county, aged seventy-four years. Mrs. Strouss is a member of the Hebron church. Mr. Strouss has been a hardworking, industrious man, and all the buildings on his farm have been erected by himself. William J. Strouss, farmer, P. O. Harshaville, was born March 1, 1837, in Alle- gheny county. Pa. His grandfather, John Strouss, was born in Germany, came to Lancaster county. Pa., when eight years old, was by trade a millwright, and died near Clinton, Allegheny county, at the age of ninety years. He was the founder of the Hopewell Presbyterian church of Allegheny county, was a plain, straightforward man, a strong Presbyterian and an elder in the church. He built the Potato Garden Mill, still known as the Strouss Mill, and hauled the buhrs from Philadelphia; These French stones are now in the Hookstown mill. He was married three times, and reared a large family. His first wife, Mrs. Mary (Rauch) Strouss, had eight children: John, Jonas, David, Simon, Mary, Betsey, Hannah and Martha. Of these David, born in Allegheny county, was a tanner by trade, came to Beaver county in 1847, and engaged in farming. His death occurred when he was sixty-five years old. He was examining a loaded gun^ when the contents were discharged in his head. His wife Emily, daughter of Josiah and Elizabeth (McCleary) Woodrow, was born Sept. 6, 1818, and is still living. Her children were John (deceased), Josiah (deceased), William J., Junius M. (deceased) Ulysses S., David M., Elizabeth, Martha (deceased), Melissa J. and Mary A. Of these William J. came into this country at the age of ten years. He has been a farmer al} his life, and owns 161 acres. He married Rachel, who was born near Frankfort Springs Beaver county, a daughter of Adam Reed, and they have three children- Anna Emilv E. and Mary A. Mr. and Mrs. Strouss are members of the United Presbyterian'church of Hanover. He is a Democrat. Jehibl B. Swanbt, farmer, P. O. Hookstown, was born March 17 1850 on the homestead. His great-grandfather, James Swaney, was born in Ireland of' Scotch parentage. He was one of four brothers, who all came to America and settled in dif f erent states. Thomas settled in Beaver county, while the Indians were still here His son, James, was a farmer, and died on the old mansion farm near Hookstown He was father of seven children: Thomas, Andy, Benjamin, Mary, John, Robert and William Of the sons, John, the father of Jehiel B. was born on the homestead June 1 181 -i' and died May 20, 1876. He was well-known and highly esteemed. He was marripd Sept. 19 1839 to Sarah, daughter of Hezekiah and Nancy (McCollough) Wallace of Scotch descent. She was born Dec. 18, 1818, and reared eight children- Hezekiah Cynthia, James, Jehiel B., Anna, Robert, Homer and Emmet. Jehiel B was marr ph' Sept. 15, 1874, to Eva, daughter of William and Anna(Gibb) Trimb e a^d thThavP one child, Jerome J., born in 1875. Mr. Swaney Is a Republican ^ ^ Babil SwEARQfGEN, farmer, P. O. Poe. was born Feb. 23, 1835, in Hanover town- BIOGRAPHIES SOUTH SIDE. 895 ship. His father, Zachariah Swearingen, also a native of this county, was born on the old homestead, and died May 31, 1867, aged eighty-one years. He was a successful farmer, and at the time of his death owned about 910 acres of land, which was divided among his children. He was a man of large physical proportions, and industrious habits, was firm and decisive in all his dealings, yet never sued nor was sued. He was twice married; his first wife, Elizabeth', or Ruth Wilcoxon, died June 13, 1830, aged thirty-eight years, the mother of five children: Thomas, Samuel, Garret, Catharine and Zachariah. His second wife was Mallnda Swearingen, and her children were Leonard, Basil, Mary (Mrs. Duncan), John, Captain William, Henry and Rezin. Henry died in the army. Basil was raised and educated in his native county. He owns a farm of 320 acres, which he has greatly improved. He married Melissa J., daughter of David Strauss, and they have five children; Mary O., Mattie V., David S., Zachariah and Nina E. Mr. Swearingen is a Republican, anjl has been school director for many years. DuNCAU Swearingen, farmer, P. O. Poe, was born Dec. 5, 1830, in Hanover town- ship, this county, and is a son of Bazel and Sarah (Wilcoxen) Swearingen. He was reared in the county, and has been a successful farmer, owning 318 acres. He was mar- ried April 38, 1842, to Sarah, daughter of Jonathan and Jane (Reed) Hoge. She was born July 15, 1819. Her grandfather, John Hoge, served in the Revolution, was taken prisoner, and afterward drew a pension. He took up 400 acres of land in Hanover town- ship in an early day. Mrs. Swearingen is the mother of ten children; Mary M., Wash- ington (deceased at twenty years), Amanda J. , Sarah A., Basil D., Jonathan D., John C, Samuel D., Martha M. and Arnet Swearingen. Mr. Swearingen and his sons are Republicans. John A. Swearingen, farmer, P. O. Kendall, was born in Hanover township, Oct. 3, 1851. His grandfather, Basil Swearingen, married Sarah Wilcoxen, who bore him ten children. She died at the age of seventy-four, and he at the age of seventy-one years. Their children were Samuel, Leathy, Catharine, Mary, Jackson, Ruth, William, Duncan, Elizabeth and Sarah. Of these Samuel married Martha, daughter of Louis Spirey. She bore him seven children: Basil, Louis (killed at Gettysburg July 2, 1863), Leviaa, Samuel, William, John A. and A. Jackson. With the exception of Basil the family have been members of the Disciples church. Samuel Swearingen died Dec. 3., 1880, aged seventy-four years, and his widow is still living. John A. was born on the old homestead, and was reared a farmer. He owns the farm where he resides, containing seventy-five acres, and one of ninety-five acres in Greene township. He was married to Melissa J., daughter of James Miller. They have one child, Albert Myron. Mr. Swearingen is a Republican. • John Van Swearingen, farmer, P. O. Poe, was born Nov. 4, 1816, above Cumber- land, W. Va., where he resided until he was six years old. His grandfather, Samuel Swearingen, was born near Bladensburg, Md. ; was married there and came to this township in 1779, and settled on the farm now owned by our subject. He took up 400 acres, which was divided among his heirs in 1841, and died at the age of eighty-eight years'. His children were William, John V., Thomas, Zachariah, Basil, Samuel and Mrs. Mary Colvin. Of these John V. was seven years old when he came here. He died in 1846, aged seventy-four years. His wife Martha, daughter of George C. Chap- man, died Jan. 4, 1861 , aged eighty-one years and eight months. They had thirteen child- ren: George C, Samuel V., Hugh, John V., William V., Catharine, Anna, Jane, Betsey, Lena Martha, Sarah and Mary. Our subject was married, Jan. 19, 1865, to Sarah, daughter of David Beal. She died Sept. 6, 1873, leaving three children: James H., Hugh E. and Thomas B. James H. married Mary H. Cruikshauk, and has one daughter Vernah. Mr. Swearingen owns 138 acres of land, and many of the family are buried on the farm. Politically he is a Republican. Captain William H. Swearingen, farmer, P. O. Harshaville, is a son of Zacha- riah and Malinda Swearingen, who died on the farm where the Captain now'resides. Mrs Swearingen was a daughter of Thomas Swearingen, of Ohio. They had seven children- Leonard, Basil, Mary, John, William H., Henry C. and Reason W. William 896 HISTORY OF BEATER COUNTY. H. and Henry were soldiers in tlie Civil War. The latter enlisted in the sixty-days' service, in the Pennsylvania militia, and died soon after reaching home. The Captain was born Sept. 5, 1841, on the farm which he now owns, and which contains 230 acres. He was reared and educated in Beaver county, and taught school four winters. He enlisted Aug. 9, 1862, as a private in Company F, 140th Regiment. He participated in the battles of Chancellorsville and Gettysburg; he was wounded at the latter, and was taken sick and conveyed to Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa. After his recovery he was com- missioned first lieutenant of Company E, 32d Regiment United States colored troops, was promoted to captain, and served until Aug. 22, 1865. He was married, Dec. 17, 1868, to Mattie, daughter of James Nelson, and they have four sons: James N., Homer H., John J. and Ernest D. C. Captainand Mrs. Swearingen are membersof the United Presbyterian church at Hanover. In politics he is a Republican, and has held several township offices. Edward P. Swbet, cooper, P. O. Water Cure, was born in Scotland, Windham county. Conn. , Jan. 9, 1831. His grandfather, James Sweet, who was born in Connecticut of English parents, was a soldier in the War of 1812. David D. Sweet, father of Ed- ward P., has been a farmer, and is yet living; his wife. Alma S. Freeman, died in 1861, aged sixty-one years. Edward P. enlisted in May, 1861, in Company B, 5th Connecti- cut Volunteers, for three years. January 3, 1863, he was discharged for disability. He then drove an ambulance for the 2d Eastern Shore Maryland, until after the battle of Gettysburg, and was then transferred to Frederick City, Md. There he married Sophia E., daughter of John Richardson. She is the mother of nine children: Charles D., Fannie A., MoUie A., Maggie, John M., Willie R., George R., Day and Nellie. Mr. Sweet learned his trade in Maryland, and followed it there for some time. In May, 1871,"he moved to Pittsburgh, and in October of the same year came to Phillipsburg. He is foreman in the cooper department of the Phoenix Glass Works. He is a Republi- can in politics; a member of the G. A. R. and both himself and Mrs. Sweet are members of the Presbyterian church. Zachakiah Swbeingbn, farmer, P. O. Poe, was born Jan. 13, 1828; he married Rachel, daugh'er of David A. Gilliland, who was killed at the great explosion of the Pittsburgh garrison in 1862, being foreman of the cartridge factory. Four children have been born to this couple: Errett V., Charles G., Sarah L. and Mary L. Mr. and Mrs. Sweringen are members of the United Presbyterian church of Frankfort Springs. He owns a farm of 160 acres, and is a stock raiser. On this farm, a. d. 1790, occurred the bloody Indian tragedy, which resulted in the killing of his aunt, Mrs. Colvin, and her child, and the wounding of her husband. Mr. Sweringen takes a deep interest in both local and national affairs, but is no politician. Rev. William G. Taylor, D. D., was born in Pittsburgh, Pa., March 3, 1820, of pious Scotch-Irish parents, James and Margaret Taylor. He had nine brothers, six of whom died in infancy, and the others lived to advanced age. One of the three survivors (a half brother) was the distinguished author. Rev. J. B. Walker D. D and the remaining two were merchants and manufacturers in Pittsburgh for over forty years The three sisters lived to advanced age. Dr. Taylor's father was one of the Irish patriots of 1798; was a druggist in Pittsburgh, and, designing William for his own busi- ness, commenced to train him while yet in childhood. His father died in August 1827 leaving the trainmg and education of the boy to his mother, a woman of the common education of that day, but of very vigorous natural mind, and good common sense devoted piety and implicit trust in God . She was a strict disciplinarian ; her rules were' obedience, and industry, v^ork study, and play, and no idleness; these rules developed mto fixed habits the untivmg mdustry and unconquerable energy that characterized Dr. Taylor in his manhood. A prominent physician said of him, - He loves to under- S-tl'cVS^Lds!-' '"^' '" *°"'^'' '""^ '''''' "^*^ P^'^^'^' *-*■ ^^^-' P'^^-- and Personal Gharaoteristios. Dr. O. S. Fowler, of New York, In writins of Dr Taylor says: ' 'i^i-ug ui xji. "He has one of the best organizations, heads, and temperaments that come under BIOGEAPHIES SOUTH SIDE. 897 my hand; his intellectual faculties are uncommonly clear, cogent, forcible and power- ful, reasoning clearly and right to the point, making deep thought so plain that even the unlettered think them simple truths. lie is preeminently adapted, to reason on moral and religious subjects; he is a natural theologian, minister, Sabbath-school and Bible-class teacher, and expounder of moral truth; and is peculiarly happy in illustration, and a natural educator of the young. His strongest sentiments are justice, benevolence and the controlling povyer of conscience ; he is not a natural bargain driver, but is capablie of prompt and instant comprehension and action in business matters of any kind, and Is most likely to succeed. He is a good judge of human nature, and knows just how to take men ; he can lay plans and think for others, can attend to a great variety of busi- ness at the same time, and in short order, and without confusion. He values money for its use and not for its wealth: he will succeed in any missionary or benevolent work." He was at home alike in the pulpit, school room or in active business. Literary, Induitrial and Business Education. We have spoken of his industrial home training and habits. During the period between school he was kept in some business house from the time he was nine years old, and always in such houses found ready employment for his school, college and semidary vacations. iHence the confirm- ing of his habits of industry and his business training. He graduated at JefEerson College in 1847, and at the Western Theological Seminary in 1849. He was licensed to preach by the Presbytery of Pittsburgh, in April, 1848, and ordained by the same Pres- bytery in April, 1849, as an Evangelist, as he designed to devote himself to missionary work among the feeble churches. He was married, April 15, 1849, to Miss Charlotte Thompson, daughter of John and Mary Thompson, of Allegheny City, Pa., who has been his valuable companion and helper. They had six children, all living, viz: Mary M., Charlotte E., James W., Ellen S., John T. and Harry J. Work. Before graduating at the seminary he was invited to become the assistant editor of the Prairie Herald Publishing Company, Chicago; he declined till through seminary. Accepting, he soon became editor-in-chief. This company then had the only power press in Chicago. They published two religious weeklies, and worked off on their small power press two dailies, one monthly, and two quarterly journals. In connection with this company was a bookstore, and in addition Dr. Taylor assisted the pastor of the Third church, who was in feeble health. This intense labor and chill-fever broke down his health, and he sought rest in preaching to a small New England congregation, but the chill-fever compelled his revurn to Pittsburgh. Ministerial Work Proper. On his return he commenced work on unbroken ground on Mt. Washington, on the hill above S. Pittsburgh in April, 1851. Here was a good Sabbath-school established, and the foundation laid for the now flourishing church. The Presbyterian church of Beaver having declined from 196 to 42 members, he was invited for half term, but gave them all time, as that was necessary to success, as a neighboring church of 360 members, all active and zealous Christian workers, were gathering into their fold all possible members and hearers. Even under these odds, a reaction took place in favor of the old church; it was handsomely repaired, and in four years increased its communion, and the congregation one-half, with a good Sabbath- school and large catechetical classes. The church at Tarentum had been in trouble for several years and needed special labor There was want of harmony and difficulty in raising the salary for half time, the Bull Creek church raising the other half. They made a unanimous call for Dr. Taylor which was accepted and he entered upon his work. Soon harmony was restored, and a Missionary point, at Natrona, added to this field. In four and one-half years both of these churches were able to call a pastor all time, and Bull Creek to build a parson- age and Tar«ntum kept Natrona inission. This closed his labors on this field. Dr Taylor's next field of labor was Mt. Carmel, Beaver county. This church had been without a pastor for twenty years, and lacked harmony and abibty to support a pastor half the time. He received a unanimous call for half time, but felt all time was necessary if the church prospered, and therefore gave them whole time commencing in May 1861 Harmony was restored, and the church soon in better condition. In 1865, 898 HISTOET OF BBAVEE COUNTY. the pastor of Nortli Branch church leaving, he took that for extra service. He modera- ted a call for Rev. P. J. Cummings, salary $1,000, in the united churches; soon Mt. Carmel called him all time at the same salary, and vcere able to build a fine new church edifice. Phillipsburgh Soldibks' Orphan School. A new and different field opened for the labors of Dr. Taylor. The county superintendents of Beaver, Allegheny, and Washington, and Col. Quay recommended his appointment as principal to open the first and exclusively soldiers' orphan school in Western Pennsylvania. Many friends of the orphans, knowing his fitness for the work, urged him to accept the appointment that had been made. There were serious difficulties in the way: (1) The State would not provide grounds, building, and furniture. (3) The uncertainty of the continuation of the appropriation. (3) It would require $20,000 cash for thirty acres of ground, buildings, furniture for house and schoolroom, and books and apparatus. (4) The small amount allowed for each orphan ($115, under ten years of age, and $150.00 over ten to sixteen years of age) for boarding, clothing, schooling, books, doctor and medi- cines, and all expenses. The work for 150 orphans would require twenty assistants to be paid out of this small amount, and these obstacles made considerable risk in the undertaking. Dr. Taylor took the risk, and succeeded. It was difficult to get a suitable location in this congressional district. At last he bought the former Water Cure, but latterly a summer resort, repaired and furnished it and added a dwelling 34x44, four stories. An additional schoolroom,27x44,chapel,boys' hall, 24x41, and girls' hall, 30x41, and 310 acres of ground, the whole costing $48,000. All this expense was borne by Dr. Taylor. The next difficulty was to train teachers and help for this new and pecul- iar work. All the buildings were handsomely and tastefully furnished, as 'taste is essential to culture, the girls' parlor and music rooms being furnished with Brussels carpet, chairs, piano and organ. Education. The State prescribed eight grades as the extent of the educational course. To this Dr. Taylor found he could add four grades of a mathematical and scientific course, and one-fourth of the orphans were able to finish these four grades. The aver- age annual progress of the school was one and five-eighths grades, while one-third made two grades. No one was promoted unless their standing was at least seventy-five. The State examination conducted by State Supt. Dr. Wickersham, and Mrs. Nutter, State inspectress, July, 1874, indicated the dwragre standing of tJie school to be ninety-three, for several years they reached ninety-five, while a large number were 100. Probably this is the highest average and progress ever reached by any school so far as known. For six ye.'irs Prof. 3. H. Piersol greatly aided in these results. Hygiene. The laws of health and life were practically understood and carried out by Dr. Taylor, as the results show. Food was given for bone making, muscle, nerve and brain. All clothing fitted and adapted, perfect cleanliness of body, house, school rooms, wash and out houses, light in abundance, thorough ventilation, nine hours reg- ular sleep, ten hours moderate but diligent work on fixed details, boys one hour regular military drill, play morning, noon, evening and recess, unless on a necessary and indis- pensable detail duty ; clean, warm, feet, good shoes fitted by Dr. Taylor personally, always long enough and with "commonsense heels," guarding against all violent passions. Six hundred and seventeen orphans were thus cared for, over two hundred of whom required medical attention on being received. Industry. With the aid of his excellent and educated wife, his constant and effi- cient helper, and who enjoyed a most remarkable home-training in all domestic work and housekeeping, they were able to originate a system of industrial details of labor to recite daily, in classes, for thirty days, under competent teachers in each department bv which every girl in the Institution (without losing a recitation in school) acquired an intelligent, systematic and practical knowledge of domestic work, in classes in scrub- bing, washing ironing housecleaning, dining-room work (four classes), dishwashing cooking all kmds of baking mending, darning, plain family sewing, dressmaking bonnet trimmmg, house keeping, sweeping, bed making, arranging rooms and parlor!' BIOGEAPHIKS SOUTH SIDE. 899 all of which was subject to the daily inspection of Mrs. and Dr. Taylor. Every room kitchens, and wash-rooms, were open for the inspection of visitors, under the guidance of a member of the Institution, every day but Sabbath, from 8 a. m. till 5 p. m All the surroundings and trainings in this work were designed to form and conform habits of systematic industry, refine the taste and manners, and give beauty and ease to the per- son, which can not be done without regular habits of industry. The results of this culture and training showed itself everywhere, in private, public and in church. Moral, Religious and General Instruction. Dr. Taylor had a Bible class of all the scholars, employes (no one was employed in the Institution who declined to attend the Sabbath services), and all of his own family. He preached Sabbath afternoon, and generally lectured in the evening on religious biography, Bible history and archreology. He also during the week gave each day two table talks, of about ten minutes, on some subject, historical, moral, economical, on society, secrets of success and failures, on gov- ernment, or comments on passing events or incidents that occurred in the school. In addition teachers read on an average per year seveuty-flve volumes; thus intelligence was increased and the conscience educated to become the guiding and controlling power of their life and conduct. From boyhood Dr. Taylor took strong ground on the temperance and anti-slavery questions. He felt a deep interest in the late war, and immediately on the firing on Ft. Sumter comnienced recruiting for the conflict. He was deeply interested in the great work of "The Christian Commission" (of which Mr. George H. Stewart, of Philadelphia, was president), at home and on the field. The Beaver County Commission, of whom Judge Agnew was chairman, placed Dr. Taylor in charge of the work in Beaver county. Dr. Boardman, the United States Secretary, said Beaver county was the banner county of the United States in proportion to its population and amount raised. The labor was entirely gratuitous. The enterprise, public spirit, courage and foresight of the Doctor prepared him to take the risk of progress and improvement. He was one of the seven who met at the call of Mr. Nelson to originate the Beaver County Agricultural Society. He was one of the parties who organized the Beaver Female Seminary, now College. With Prof. Bliss, he was the first to publicly advocate the necessity for a County Superintendent of Common Schools, and conducted the first Teachers' Institute for Hon. Thos. Nichol- son, County Superintendent. He earnestly pressed the necessity for and the claims of the Pittsburgh & Lake Erie Railroad, when securing the right of way and stock subscrip- tions. He was one of the originators of the street railway from Freedom to Beaver. He has also helped young men to start in life, and older men to get homes for their fam- ilies. He was also one of the advocates for a Presbyterian church at Rochester and at Phillipsburgh . Dr. Taylor is regarded as a man of wealth, all of which has been made in a legiti- mate business way, and not by speculation; principally by foresight in investments in real estate, which he commenced in 1847. He saw causes for increase in values and waited patiently for from five to twenty years, generally realizing more than his expec- tations; hence his present means. and the time he has had for the work before noted. His economy always gave him means for any good investment that offered . As a true businessman he minded his own business, and kept his own counsel. Forthirty-six years Dr. Taylor has been an active participant in the interests of Beaver county, and especi- ally in the vicinity of his home. Rey. M. S. TELroRD, P. O. Harshaville, is of Scotch ancestry. His grandfather, John Telford, came to America when nine years old, and died in May, 1812, at the age of forty-eight. His wife, nee Sarah Beamer, of Irish descent, died April 7, 1840, aged seventy years. Stephen Telford, father of our subject, was born in Washington county, N. Y., June 20, 1795. He was a thrifty farmer, and died at the age of fifty- two years. His wife was Mary, daughter of Rev. John Cree. The latter was born in Perth, Scotland, in 1754; was graduated at Glasgow, and studied theology in the Theo- logical Hall of the General Assembly Synod; was licensed in 1786, and came to America 900 HISTOKY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. in 1790. He supplied tlie Associate church in New York City for a year, and was ordained and installed pastor in 1792. He preached in Rockbridge, Va., until 1803, then in Fairfield and Donegal, Westmoreland county. Pa., where he died April 1, 1806. His life was one of useful and earnest labor. Mrs. Mary Telford was nearly seventy years old when she died, and was the mother of eight children: Agnes, George, Mary J . , Sarah, Margaret, Morrison 8. , David and John. The last named is a United Presby- terian minister. Morrison B. Telford was born July 3, 1834; was educated at West- minster College, graduating in 1861 ; studied theology in Xenia, Ohio, and Allegheny City Pa., graduating at the latter place in 1864. He was licensed to preach in 1863; and had charge of a congregation in Indiana county, Pa. for nine years. He afterward oflBciated nine years in Jefferson county, and at Beaver Run and Cherry Run, where he did good work, and gained the esteem of his people. Since 1882 he has been located at Hanover, this county. He wae married, July 8, 1863, to Anna Barr, who was born Feb. 1, 1839, in Huntingdon county, Pa. She is a daughter of Robert and Jane (McMinn) Barr, and is the mother of three children: Maggie, M. David and Herbert M. Mr. Telford has been a successful minister, and is a strong advocate of the Prohibition party. J. C. Tempi/E, physician, P. O. Water Cure, is a son of Robert Temple, of Hope- well township, and a descendant of one of the pioneer families of the county, both of his grandfathers having resided here prior to and being soldiers in the War of 1813. He received his primary education in his native county, and read medicine with Drs. Lang- fitt, of Allegheny City, and J. W. Craig, of Mansfield, Ohio; he attended lectures at the Western Reserve Medical College of Cleveland, and at the Eclectic Medical College of Cincinnati, graduating from the latter institution in 1878. He again attended the Cleveland College, and graduated there also. Obtaining the necessary endorsements from the faculty of the University of Pennsylvania, he settled in Phillipsburg, and soon built up a good practice. He spent some time traveling, and then returned to Phillips- burg, where he continues practice. He was married, in Washington, D. C, Oct. 19, 1876, to Anna M . , daughter of Paul J. Hinkle, a member of a prominent family in Wetzlar, Germany. They have two children: Edith Emma and Archie Robert, aged respectively six and four years. The Doctor is a member of the Masonic fraternity, of the E. A. U. and K. of P. , and formerly of the State Medical Society of Pennsylvania, and also State Medical Society of Ohio. He is assistant surgeon of the P. & L. B. railroad. He is also a prominent member of the Presbyterian church. A. B. Temple, also a son of Robert Temple, read medicine with his elder brother, and is a graduate of the Cleveland Medical College in the class of 1883. He located in Phillipsburg, and afterward spent a short time in Allegheny City. Then he settled in a thriving town in Eastern Kansas about three years ago, where he has since acquired an extensive practice. John T. Temple, farmer, P. O. Hookstown, was born in Bullitt county, Ky., Dec. 25,1816. His grandfather Temple was an Englishman. William Temple, father of John T , was born in Nelson county, Ky., was a farmer, and died in Daviess county, Ky., aged seventy -five years. He was married to Jane Trimble, a native of Ireland', and died in Bullitt county, Ky. She had three children: John T., William and Mary J., of whom only John T..is living. In early life he was a farmer and miller . In 1835 he came to Hookstown, and lived with his uncle, James Trimble. He followed carpen- tering several years and then bought a farm of seventy-five acres. He married Jane daughter of John and Rachel (Whitehill) Ewing. Mr. and Mrs. Ewing are active meml bers of the Mill Creek church, of which he is a member of Session. In politics he is a Republican. Mrs. Temple's grandfather, James Ewing, was one of the old pioneers of Beaver county, settling in Greene township, .where his descendants yet reside. He was an Indian scout . Hon. Alexander R. Thomson, farmer, P. O. Seventy-Six, is a native of Inde- pendence township, and was born Feb. 29, 1830. He is a great-grandson of Alexander the progenitor of the old Thomson family from Scotland, and whose sons William and John, were Revolutionary soldiers. Alexander Thomson, grandson of the pioneer and BIO«EAPHIES SOUTH SIDE. 901 father of our subject, came to Beaver county in 1800, and settled permanently in 1804, first living in Hopewell township, and moving a few years later to Independence town- ship, where he died. He was a sickle maker, and followed that trade till modern inven- tions and methods rendered it unprofitable. He was a major of militia, and his popu- larity was repeatedly attested by his election to various official positions, including that of county commissioner. He was the only man in Beaver county, as the record will show, who voted for Adams in 1824. He died July 8, 1846, aged sixty-five years. His wife was Jane, daughter of George and Martha (Stringer) McBlhaney. She died in the fall of 1867, aged nearly eighty years. Their children were Elizabeth, Martha, Fannie, William, Jane, Margaret. Alexander R., Nancy, Cynthia (died at the age of eighteen), Luciuda and Louisa. Alexander R. was educated in this county, and at Jefferson Col- lege. He studied medicine with Dr. Pollock, then of Clinton, now of Pittsburgh. After practicing seven years, he abandoned the profession on account of ill health, and engaged in farming. He afterward studied law with Samuel B. Wilson, Esq ;, of Beaver, and was admitted to the bar in 1858. His principal business has been farming, and he owns 300 acres. He married Hannah, daughter of John and Elizabeth (Cheney) Charles, of an old pioneer family of Allegheny county. She died, leaving four sons John, William, Alexander F. and William H. S. The latter was named for Secretary Seward, and is now a lawyer in Beaver. Alexander F. Js an attorney in Pittsburgh, and John is a farmer in Oregon. William died in Dakota, Jan. 9, 1886. Mr. Thomson's present wife, Ellen Scott, has one son, Jeremiah Morgan. The old Thomson family were Covenanters. Mr. Thomson has held positions of trust and honor. He was. elected prothonotary in December, 1854, and held that position until April, 1856, when he resigned on account of ill health . A staunch adherent of Jeffersonian democracy, he was never a blind follower of party. When the question of slavery was thrust upon the people for solution, he raised his voice in public speech against it. He believed that under the Declaration of Independence, the proposition was self-evident — that the Amer- ican slave was entitled to his freedom. Nature endowed him with rare gifts as a public speaker. With an oratorical diction and temperament, a mind clear, logical and in- cisive, an accurate knowledge of national politics and the history of political parties, and with a courage that bid him speak the truth as light was given him to see it, he became at once a political speaker of rare force and power. In 1882, he was elected a member of the legislature. During the extra session of that body, convened for the purpose of apportioning the state, as required by the constitution, his speeches made in furtherance of the constitutional provision, and for the strict enforcement of the organic law, attracted attention throughout the state. He has since been living in quiet seclusion on his farm, a condition at once conducive to health, and agreeable to a mind naturally diffident and retiring. William A. Thomsom (deceased) was born on the old Thomson homestead in Inde- p3ndeace t>ivn3hip. He was educate! in this county, studied under Dr. Kelly, and became a surveyor, which occupation he followed for thirty years. He was an ener- getic and ambitious man, and injured his health in the discharge of his duty. Among his many good qualities, not the least was that of hospitality. He was a justice of Ih^ peace for three terms. Previous to his marriage he bought a farm of 160 acres, where he lived until his demise. On the farm are ten oil wells, for which his widow received $16,000. He was a son of Alexander Thomson, a sickle maker, who at one time lived in Harrisburg. William A. was married, Jan. 24, 1856, to Matilda B., daughter of Nathaniel and Elizabeth (Boyd) Neely. Her grandfather, Samuel Neely, came from Ireland at the age of ten years. He made much money with packhorses in the moun- tains of Southeastern Pennsylvania, and finally settled in Robinson township, Allegheny county; afterward he purchased 800 acres of land at $1.25 an acre, in Moon township, where he died. His son, Nathaniel, was born in Adams county. Pa., and died in Alle- gheny county at the age of eighty-two years. He had eight children, of whom five are living. William B. Thobnbxirg, farmer, P. O. Holt, was born in Raccoon township. "902 HISTOEY OF BEAVEE COUNTY. Beaver county, Pa. , in 1844. The original pioneer of tiie Thornburg family emigrated from Ireland to these shores in an early day, and settled in Allegheny county, Pa., where he carried on farming, accumulating considerable wealth; then came to this county, and bought land on Chartier's creek. He married a French lady, who bore him fourteen children, seven of whom grew to maturity; and on the death of their father each of these seven inherited a farm. James, one of the youngest, was born in Allegheny county, and in early life followed blacksmithing, but subsequently abandoned it for farm life. He married, in 1808, Agnes, daughter of Blisha Vesey, and by this union were six daughters and four sons. Elisha, the eldest son, also a farmer, married Nancy, daughter of William Brun ton, and by her had twelve children, William B., being second son. He was born and reared in Raccoon township, and remained at home •until 1862, in which year he enlisted in Company H, 140th P. V, I., and for three years he was actively engaged. He participated in nearly all the battles of the Army of the Potomac, among which were Gettysburg, Chancellorsville and Spottsylvania. He was wounded at the last engagement, also at Cold Harbor, and was Ijonorably discharged in 1865. Seventy-two acres of his present farm of ninety -five he purchased in 1868, and in 1870 he married Mary F., daughter of James Scott, formerly of Allegheny, now of ■this, county. One daughter (deceased) was born to them. Mr. Thornburg is a member ■of the G. A. R., United Presbyterian church; in politics he is a Republican. William L. and James Todd, farmers, P. O. Green Garden. The original spell- ing of this family name was Tod. Our subject's grandfather, James Tod, emigrated from Scotland, and soon after his arrival located at Pittsburgh, Pa., where for some time he followed the business of carpenter and architect. As early as 1788 he came to Beaver county, and purchased several tracts of land, one of which contains 400 and another 200 acres He married Kate Forbes, who bore him five sons and two daughters, James being the second son, born in Moon township in 1796. The latter and his sister Susan, on the death of their father, inherited the 400-acre tract of land., James, Jr., married Mary, daughter of William L. Littell, of this county, and five children were born to this union. William L. Todd, the eldest of this family, was born in 1835, received a com- mon-school education, and has always followed farm life. He married, in 1858, Rachel, ■daughter of Robert and Mary (Davis) Temple, and eight sons and one daughter have been born to them: James F., Robert H , William R., Mary Lizzie, Temple S., Roscoe A., Eddie L., Wallace Preston and Louis Elmer. For several years Mr. Todd lived on the old homestead, but in 1867 he purchased and removed to his present farm of 200 acres. He and family are members of the Dnited Presbyterian church ; in politics he is a Republican. James Todd, the second son of James and Mary (Littell) Todd, was born on the old homestead, in Raccoon township, in 1828, and in early life learned the trade of tanner and currier, which he followed until 1871. He then purchased 200 acres of land from the heirs of his aunt, Susan Todd Harvey, 120 of which are highly cultivated. He married, in 1851, Mary, daughter of Amasa Brown, and by this union were eleven child- ren, six sons and two daughters now living: Dr. A. W., in Minneapolis; Samuel B., a graduate of Ann Arbor University, Mich., and now principal of the Public Schools of Sterling, Kan. ; James Walker and Joseph L., farmers and stock raisers, of Ipswich, Dakota; and Sharp, John C, Alice M. and Maggie. Mr. Todd was appointed jury commissioner in 1883, for two years, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Mr. Christy. Mr. Todd was elected county commissioner in 1887 for a term of three years, by the Republican party, of which party he has been a life-long member. He has also filled many township ofiices with credit. He and the family are members of the United Tresbyterian church. William M. Todd, farmer, P. O. New SheflSeld, was born Feb. 3, 1841, in Hope- well township. His grandfather, James Todd, was married, April 10, 1788, to Katie Forbes, and they were among the early settlers of Beaver county, where they also died, lie, July 14, 1846, aged eighty-six years, and she June 36, 1843, aged seventy-eight years. BIOGRAPHIKS SOUTH SIDE. 903 -They had seven children, viz.: George, Susan, Janet, James, William, Thomas and -John, Of these, John was a United Presbyterian minister. William, the father of our subject was born Oct. 16, 1798, and died where his son now resides Feb. 27 1868 He married Jane G. McCune, who became the mother of seven children, of whom Mrs. JNancy Harvey, John, William M. and Thomas are now living, and James, Margaret and Catherine are deceased. Our subject has been a farmer, and on his farm of seventy acres has a fine gas well. He married Adelaide S., daughter of David and Isabelle 'tuaryey) Heanght. This union was blessed with one son, Walter David Todd. In religious belief, Mr. and Mrs. Todd have remained members of the old church to which their parents belonged— the United Presbyterian church. Politically Mr. Todd votes the Republican ticket. Thomas H. Todd, farmer, P. O. New Sheffield, was born Oct. 11, 1844; in Hope- well township, a son of William Todd. [See preceding sketch.] He was educated in his native county, where he has been a farmer nearly all his life, and owns a farm of eighty-three acres, on which there is a gas well. Mr. Todd was married to Sarah B., • daughter of Thomas and Eliza (Spaulding) Todd. The following named children have blessed their union: Gilbert, Charlie P., Fred L., Orlando H., Sidney V., and Henry R. In religion Mr. and Mrs. Todd are Presbyterians. John D. Torbencb, farmer and miller, P. O. Harshaville, is a grandson of James Torrenee, who was a blacksmith at Stevenson's Mill, in Allegheny county. He mar- ried Margaret Watson, and had seven children: James, Nancy, Mary, Matilda, Albert, William and Eliza. The parents of these children died in Hanover township. James, father of John D ., was a farmer and miller. He bought the James Miller mill, and ■ carried on business there until his death, which occurred in 1874, at the age of seventy- seven years. He and his wife were members of the United Presbyterian church of Hanover, of which he was an elder. He married Elizabeth, daughter of John and Elizabeth (Shafer) Deaver, of German descent. She died June 20, 1873, aged sixty- nine years. She had ten children: John D., .lames, William, Margaret A., Eliza, Cynthia, Albert, Nancy, Mary J. and Samuel. John D. married Esther, daughter of . John and Agnes Boyd. Her father died April 2, 1870, in his eighty-eighth year. Her mother died Aug. 13, 1869, aged seventy-nine years, seven months and twenty-eight days. They |were parents of twelve children: Thomas, Martha, Margaret, Mary, Samuel, Sarah, Eliza, John, Ellen, Aaron, Nancy, and Esther. Mr. and Mrs. Torience have eight children: George A., Nancy A., Aaron B., John G., William F., Eliza J., -James S. and Cynthia E. The parents are members of the United Presbyterian church. Mr. Torrenee is a Republican. GiLBEKT Trumpeter, gardener, P. O. Water Cure, was born Aug. 4, 1833. His father, John Trumpeter, was born in Wilrtemberg, Germany, and in 1805, being then five years of age, he came to this country with his father, John Trumpeter, Sr. The latter did not have money enough to pay his passage, and was sent to prison for one year. There he worked at the shoemaker's trade, his wife selling the shoes until the debt was paid. He eventually came west and became a successful farmer. In 1813 he was per- suaded to sell his farm and deposit the proceeds with the Economy Society, at Harmony, Butler county. The society was then under the leadership of GeorgeRapp, and after- ward removed to Indiana, and in 1837 returned to Pennsylvania and located at Econ- • omy. John Trumpeter, Jr., came to Phillipsburgh in 1832 under Count Leon, and died here in 1871, aged seventy-one years. Some time previous to his death he received from the Economy Society his share, a part of the land on which Gilbert Trumpeter now : resides. After he seceded from the society he married Miss Agatha Walfort, who had left the society the same time. Their union was blessed with four children. Gilbert was only one year old when his mother died . His father married a second time, and - one son of this marriage is living, William. Gilbert assisted his father in paying for his ', land, to which he has added from time to time until he now owns twenty-three acres in i the town. MiLOW TwYFOBD, farmer, P. O. Seventy-Six, was born Jan. 8, 1829, in Allegheny 904 HISTOBY OF BEATEE COUNTY. eounty, Pa. His father, Emanuel Twyford, of Scotch descent, settled eventually on- the farm now owned by Milow. He married Nancy, daughter of John Cain of Beaver- county, and both died in the house now occupied by the subject of this sketch, he afe the age of eighty-six and ghe at the age of seventy-seven years. They had sixteen children. Milow married Eleanor, daughter of Daniel McCallister. They have seven children living: Daniel, register and recorder of Beaver county; James, Jane, Agnes, Emma, George and Margaret. Mr. Twyford is identified with the Democratic party, and has been supervisor of Independence township. He owns the farm of 115 acres- where he lives, and another in Hopewell township. Elisha Veazbt came to this county from Maryland and was of English descent.. He married Sarah Rutter, and their children were .iohn, Elijah, James, Sarah, Betsey and Julia. Of these Elijah married Margaret McClelland, and their children were Frances, Elizabeth, Elisha, Ellen, Margaret, John, James and Maria. Elijah Veazey died in his sixty-seventh year. Of his children, Elisha was a wagon maker by trade,, and followed that business many years. He married Eliza, daughter of Henry and Jane (McCandless) Reed. Mr. Veazey died June 15, 1865, aged sixty years. He was a member of the United Presbyterian church. Mrs. Veazy has been a member of the church fifty years. Her children were Margaret, Henry, James (killed in the army),. John and William (twins — John is a United Presbyterian minister at Chase City, Va.), Alexander Mc. (a physician near Louisville, Ky.), Thomas, Jennie (wife of A. L. Scott)' and T. Reed (a physician near Louisville, Ky.) Mr. Veazey has a farm of fifty-seven acres, on which is a gas well. John D. Vogt, farmer, P. O. Water Cure, was born in Wenterbach, Wilrtemberg,. Germany, Dec. 19, 1835, and is a son of Daniel Vogt, a native of the above mentioned place. The latter came to America when John D. was ten years old, with his wife, Catharine Schnabel, who is now eighty-two years old. They settled in Phillipsburg, but soon moved into Moon township, where the father died in 1857, aged fifty-five years. He was an officer in the German Evangelical 'church. "John D. was married in this county to Barbara Hartenbach, by whom he has six children now living: Adam D.. (married to Lizzie Merz, and has two children, Bertha and John), Daniel P., Katie F. (married to James A. Cochran, and has one child, Rosa), Rosa, Henry and Emil, Mr. and Mrs. Vogt are members of the German Evangelical church, of which he has been< a trustee and treasurer. He owns a farm of 171 acres. He is aDemocrat, and has held the oflice of supervisor IsKABL Wagnbb, farmer, P. O. Water Cure, was born in Phillipsburg May 20,. 1842, and is a son of Jacob Wagner. He was educated in Beaver and Allegheny coun- ties; resided in Allegheny county about thirteen years, and for six or seven years was in the wholesale dry goods business. He was also for some time in the oil business, a member of the firm of Wagner, Leech & Co. Since 1874 he has been a resident of Moon, township, engaged in farming and stock raising. He has 141 acres of land, a part of" the old farm owned by his father, and makes a specialty of raising horses. He mar- ried Miss Melvina MacTaggart. and has four children: Helen C, Emma M., Leah M and Mildreth Israella. Mr. Wagner is a Democrat, and holds the oflBces of supervisor and ischool director. William Wagner, blacksmith, P. 0. Water Cure, was born in Shelby county Mo., Aug. 26, 1848. His grandfather, George Wagner, was born in Wilrtemberg Ger- many, was a member of the Economy Society, and died at Powhatan Point Va ' Hi&- son, David, was one of the seceders who came to I'hillipsburg, removed to Shelby county Mo., and from there, in the fall of 1862, he went to Oregon, where he farmed until his death m 1874. His wife, Catharine Zuntle, also an Economite, died there in 1883 She had seven children: Emma, Jonathan, Catharine, David, Johannah, Louisa and William. The latter was educated in Missouri and Oregon, and learned his trade with his father. He returned to Phillipsburg in August, 1874, and has followed his trade- here ever since He was married here to Wilhelmina, daughter of Christian Fisher She IS the mother of three children now living: Jonathan D., Emma L. and Anna Bl BIOGKAPHIES — SOUTH SIDE. 905 The parents are members of the Lutheran church, of which Mr. Wagner is trustee. He is a Republican, has been councilman, and is now a member of the school board. He is a partner in a hardware and farm implement store conducted by his brother-in-law, "Christian Fisher. Joseph Wallace, farmer, P. O. Shousetown, was born Dec. 24, 1803. There is a family tradition that the Wallace family is of the same ancestry as Sir William Wal- lace, the noble hero and patriot of Scotland. It is certain, at least, that their fore- fathers were natives of Scotland. James Wallace, the grandfather of Joseph Wallace, was born in Scotland. When he was a young man he moved to Ireland, and married Miss Mary Fulton, and to them were born seven children. William, the eldest, married a Miss McClelland, in Ireland; Samuel married a lady of German descent, in Lancaster county. Pa. ; Mary married James Prentice, and Sarah married Hugh Morrow. Most of their descendants now live in Beaver county. James Wallace, the father of Joseph Wallace, was bom in County Antrim, Ireland, in 1774. He came to America near the •close of the last century, and settled in Lancaster county. Pa. About 1800 he married Miss Agnes Ann DeYarmond, and about the year 1804 they moved to Logstown, Beaver county, Pa. About a year afterward they settled on a farm on Squirrel Hill, near New Shetficld. After remaining here several years they exchanged this farm for the one now owned by Alexander Morrow and occupied by Alexander Kennedy. Mrs. Wallace died there in 1820. Two years later Mr. Wallace married Miss Mary Logan. JHe died in 1834 at the age of sixty years. He was a member of the Old Seceder's church atScottsville. Joseph, our subject, was a year old when his parents moved to Logstown. He first went to school in an old log school -house, near the present location of Baccoon U. P. church. Among his, schoolmates were Thomas McKee, John B. McCune, the Todds, the Johnstons, William Taylor and James Warnock. He also attended school at an old Jog school-house that stood somewhere between the Morrow farm and the old McCul- lough farms, all traces of which have long disappeared. He is said to have been an industrious youth, spending his time, when not at school, in clearing away the brush .and timber, and turning the wilderness into fruitful fields. In 1824 he went to Bochester, which at that time contained only about half a dozen houses. Here he learned the busi- ness of keel boat building. He proved himself capable and reliable, and was soon promoted to the position of foreman. He next engaged in the business of building .steamboats, and helped to construct the first steamboat built at Shousetown. He worked at this business in Pittsburgh, Steubenville, Brownsville and MongahelaCity. JHere he met Miss Rachel Spence, to whom he was married Sept. 20, 1832. She was bornin County Antrim, Ireland, Dec. 29, 1808. James Spence, her father, was a silver- smith. He married Mary Donnelly, and they came to New York in 1809, afterward settling in Monongahela City. Mr. Spence was drowned in the Monongahela at the age of thirty -six years. His widow died at the home of Joseph Wallace, Jan. 29, 1861. Soon after their marriage they settled on the farm where they still reside . Mr . Wal- lace has been an active member of the New Bethlehem U. P. church ever since its -organization. He has three sons ministers: James M. , pastor of the Eighth U. P. church, Pittsburgh; Washington, pastor of the North Branch U. P. church, Jewell county, Kan.; Joseph B., pastor of the U. P. church at Jamestown, Pa. His other children were Mrs. Mary Beed (deceased wife of John C. Reed, of Independence); Mrs. Rachel Asdale (deceased wife of Dr. Asdale, of Pittsburgh); Elizabeth, wife of William M. •Calvert, of New Sheffield, and Nancy and John S., who are still at home. Mr. Wal- lace has been an economical and industrious man, and now has considerable property. The discovery of oil on his land in later years has also added materially to his income. John B. Wbigbl, farmer, P. O. Water Cure, was born June 8, 1885, on the old homestead in Moon township, where his great-grandfather, John Weigel, settled. The latter bought 400 acres of land, which had been taken up by one Bousman. His son John lived and died on the farm, leaving a wife, Barbara, who died at the age of eighty _years, and six daughters and one son . The son, also named, John, married Margaret 906 HISTOEY OF BEATER COtTNTY. Baker, who died in 1857, aged fifty-two years. She had five children who reached^ maturity: Daniel B., JohnB., James Ray, Margaret (Mrs. Smith) and Nancy. The- father helped to build the North Branch Pre^sbyterian church, of which he and his wife- and daughters were members. John B. Weigel had been a farmer all his life and owns- a farm of sixty-seven acres. He married Catherine, daughter of Robert Moffltt, and has seven children: James, John, Robert, Henry, Graham, Frederick and Thomas. - From 1860 to 1872 Mr. Weigel lived in Raccoon township. He is a Democrat, and has; been auditor for a number of years. Joseph M.Whitehill, farmer, P.O. Kendall, was born on the Whitehill homestead, Dec. 23, 1840. His grandfather, James Whitehill, was born in Lancaster county, Pa., came to this county at an early day, and died here. He married Deborah Stephens, and had a large family of children . Of these James was born April 14, 1804, and died! Feb. 10, 1858. He was a successful farmer, and owned 400 acres. He was married Feb. 10, 1825, to Martha, daughter of James and Jane (McLaughlin) Ewing. They were members of the Mill Creek Presbyterian church, of which he was clerk and chorister - for many years. Mrs. Whitehill is still living, and is the mother of eight children: James, John, Robert, Martha J., Deborah, Joseph M., David R. and William. David R. was a member of Company H, 140th P. V., was taken prisoner at the second day's, battle at Gettysburg, and taken to Richmond; was in Libby prison and on Belle Isle three months, was paroled, sent to Annapolis, Maryland, and returned home, where - he remained a short time. He then went back to his regiment; was mortally wounded Dec. 9, and died Dec. 10, 1864. His remains were brought home and buried in Mill Creek cemetery, Jan. 1, 1865. Joseph M. was reared and educated in this county, and hasalways been a farmer. He owns 100 acresof land. He married Mary E., daughter- of Andrew T. Kerr, a native of Belfast, Ireland. She was born in Washington county,. Pa., Feb. 15, 1845, and has three children: Minnie L., John T. and Thomas E. Mr.- and Mrs. Whitehill are members of the United Presbyterian church of Tomlinson's Ran, and he is treasurer and trustee. He is a schojl director; in politics a Republican.- Jambs Whitham, farmer, P. O. Murdocksville, is a son of John Whitham, a native- of England, who was born within four miles of Sheffield. His ancestors were of an old family. He was educated in England, learned the trade of a sickle-maker, and shipped to America as a laborer, as mechanics were not permitted to leave the kingdom. He- came to Fayette county, Pa. , when a young man, and worked at his trade. He married Mary, daughter of Enoch and Elizabeth (Wheatley) Tilton, who were the parents of thirteen children, eleven of whom reached maturity. John and Mary Whitham came- to Beaver county about 1830, and bought 100 acres of land in Hanover township, where he followed his trade for many years. He died at the age of fifty-four years'. His widow is living, aged eighty-two years. She has two children: Elizabeth (Mrs. Dugan)* and James. The latter was born April 25, 1831, in Hanover township, received a com- mon-school education, and has taught school in the county for thirty years. He was asso- ciate principal of the Hookstown academy from 1874 to 1880. He also served as county superintendent, flUing the vacancy caused by the resignation of J. I. Reed. For the last seven years he has devoted all his time to farming. He and his mother and sister- are members of the Baptist church. In politics Mr. Whitham is a Republican. Jonathan T. Wjlcoxon, farmer, P. O. Poe, was born in this county, Nov. 19, 1839. His grandfather, John Wilcoxon, a native of Maryland, lived in Hancock county, Va., where he died. His wife was Elizabeth Wilcoxon, and they were mem- bers of the Church of England. They had about twelve children. Mrs Wilcoxon's parents owned ninety-nine slaves in Maryland, but she took gold instead of slaves for- her marriage dower Of their children. Reason was born in Virginia, and at the age of sixteen went to Washmgton county, where he learned the blacksmith's trade Af the age of twenty-one he came to Hanover township and-set up a blacksmith shop near Poe postoffice Several years later he purchased an adjoining farm of about sixty acres, to which he afterward added more land. He was a strong and industrious man- held several township offices, and was a Democrat. His wife, Eleanor born In Wash- BI0GEAPHIE8— SOUTH SIDE. 907 ington county, March 8, 1805, was a daughter of Jonathan and Margaret (Wright)^ Tucker, They had four children that lived to mature age; Mrs. Margaret McConnel,! Mrs. Eleanor Mayhew, Mrs. Catherine Peterson and Jonathan T. The latter was reared in this county, and chose the business of farming. He now owns 363 acres. He- married Elizabeth, daughter of Robert and Eleanor McCloud, of West Virginia. They have five children: Oscar S., Ida M., Lou E., Reason R. and Pearl L. Mr. Wilcoxon is Identified with the Democratic party. HuOH R. Wilson, farmer, P. O. Frankfort Springs, was born in North Payette township, Allegheny county, Pa., Nov. 13, 1835. His grandfather, Hugh Wilson, one of the pioneers of that county, was killed by the upsetting of a load of hay. His son,. Thomas Wilson, a farmer by occupation, who was born in the above mentioned town- ship, was run over and killed by an express train at McDonald Station. His wife, Mary Elliott, of an old and respected family, was born on Montour's Run, and died on the old homestead. She had seven children, who reached maturity: Jane, Hugh R., Mary, William, Matilda, Rebecca, Agnes and Alice. Hugh R. was reared and edu- cated in his native county. He became a farmer, and in 1883 bought 300 acres of J. M. Bigger. He married Elizabeth Buchanan, and they have five children: Ella, Will- iam, Mary, Thomas and John. Mr. Wilson and his wife are members of the Presby- terian church. He has always been an advocate of the principles of the Republican party. Patrick H. Wiseman, shade maker, P. O. Water Cure, is a son of William and Mary (Murphy) Wiseman. His great uncle was Cardinal Wiseman. William Wise- man was born in Cork, Ireland, immigrated to America and settled in Pittsburgh, where he yet resides. He is a stone mason by trade. His wife died in Bridgewater. aged sixty-eight years. They had eight children, of whom only Patrick H. resides in this county. The latter was educated in Pittsburgh, and at an early age began working in the glass house of Curling, Robinson & Co. He afterward worked in other factories, and in 1880 came to Phillipsburg, and was one of the stockholders of the Phoenix Glass- Company. He is now employed in the shade department of the company's works. He was married in Pittsburgh to Kate M., daughter of licvi and Elizabeth (Leslie) Springer,, and they have four children: Walter H., William E., Bessie M. and Ethel M. Mr. Wiseman is a member of the E. A. U., of which he has been auxiliary. He is inde- pendent in politics, voting for the best candidate, regardless of party. John S. Withrow, farmer P. O. Service, was born July 13, 1843. His grand- father, Robert Withrow, a native of Maryland, and of Scotch descent, lived for many years in Washington county. Pa., but subsequently moved to Ohio, where he died.. His son, William, born in Washington county, was a miller and followed his trade in various places. He died at Bocktown, Beaver county, at the age of sixty-seven years. Politically he was a Democrat. His wife was Elizabeth Smith, who died in Clinton, Allegheny county, aged seventy-three years. Mr. and Mrs. Withrow were members of the Presbyterian church. They had nine children. John S., our subject, who was in early life a miller, became a tiller of the soil about six years ago, and about two years ago bought the R. Anderson farm of 136 acres, on which he has two fine gas wells, from, which he secures a good income, and has his buildings heated and lighted. He has been success tul both as a miller and farmer. He married Harriet A. McNary , of Washington county and their children are Lizzie R., Clara B., Maggie J., Lee McNary and Rhoda Ella. Mr. and Mrs. Withrow are members of the United Presbyterian church. Polit- ically he is a Democrat. ^ ^ ■ t n '7-, ' John B Zitzman, glass worker, P. O. Water Cure, is a son of George Zitzman, who died in Germany. His widow, Elizabeth (Rosenberg) Zitzman, immigrated to America with five children, and settled in Pittsburgh, where she reared the family. In 1873 they removed to Moon township, Beaver county, where they farmed, Mrs. Zitzman having previously been married to Michael Keber. John B. Zitzman vpas- eduoated in Pittsburgh, and at an early age began working in a glass house. He worked at his trade in Bellaire, Ohio, until 1880, when he became a stockholder in the- 908 HISTORY OF BEAVE]^, COUNTY. Phoenix Glass Company, of Phillipsburg, being one of the founders of the company . He was married to Maggie, daughter of George Vogel, and by her has four children: Eva, Alice, Jennie and George. Mr. Zitzman has one child, Mary E., by a former marriage with Mary A. Kever, who died in Bellaire, Ohio. In politi'ss Mr. Zitzman is .a Republican.