C I 
 
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 CORNELL 
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
 LIBRARY 
 
Cornell University Library 
 F 142C1 P96 
 + 
 History „of Camden county, New Jersey / b 
 
 3 1924 028 827 990 
 olin Overs 
 
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 Cornell University 
 Library 
 
 The original of this book is in 
 the Cornell University Library. 
 
 There are no known copyright restrictions in 
 the United States on the use of the text. 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924028827990 
 
THK 
 
 HISTORY 
 
 CAMDEN COUNTY, 
 
 NE'W JERSEY. 
 
 By GEO. R. PROWELL, 
 
 Member Historical Society of Pennsylvania. 
 
 ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA: 
 L. J. RICHARDS & CO. 
 
 1886. 
 
iy/ d70 c 
 
 X ^ 
 
 Q;.' 
 
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PREFACE, 
 
 The evident want of a comprehensive history of Camden County and the encouragement given 
 hy many prominent citizens whose opinions were consulted in regard to that need, induced the pub- 
 lishers to undertake the task of preparing this volume. The promises made by the people of the 
 county were generously fulfilled. After a year's diligent, faithful and well-directed effort, the book 
 has been completed. It is now presented for the consideration and criticism of the intelligent 
 reader, believing that it will meet his entire approval. Every effort has been made to prepare a 
 work acceptable to its patrons, creditable alike to its author and the publishers, and worthy of the 
 dignified name of history. 
 
 Great credit is due the Hon. John Clement, of Haddonfield, whose efiacient aid and wise 
 counsel were of inestimable value during the whole period of the preparation. His interest in local 
 history was inspired by his intelligent father, and being a lineal descendant of one of the first settlers 
 of West Jersey, he was naturally impelled to continue his investigations. The knowledge which he 
 possesses in this field, was acquired after long and diligent research among original records and 
 innumerable authorities. 
 
 Among the publishers' corps of writers were Edington P. Fulton, now on the editorial stafi'of th§ 
 Philadelphia Times, Alfred Mathews, Austin N. Hungerford, J. L. Rockey, Edgar O. Wagner, Captain 
 Frank H. Coles and Frank J. Richards. Dr. John R. Stevenson, of Haddonfield, prepared the chapter 
 on medicine. Rev. F. R. Brace, the chapter on education and Hon. Edward Burrough the history of 
 Delaware township. Benjamin M. Braker contributed material for the chapters upon Camden and 
 Gloucester cities. Acknowledgements are due Peter L. Voorhees, Esq., for valuable suggestions, S. H. 
 Grey, Esq., and Colonel S. C. Harbert, for the use of files of early newspapers, to John W. Wright, 
 Colonel Robert B. Hull, Isaac C. Martindale and Howard M. Cooper, Esq., and to the members of the 
 press and the clergy of the county. 
 
 In concluding these few lines a word concerning the department of illustrations, which supple- 
 ments the literary contents of the volume, is not out of place. The illustrations consist largely of por- 
 traits of some of those men who have been, or are, prominent residents of the territory to which this 
 volume is devoted. These portraits, with the accompanying biographical sketches, form a feature 
 which is sometimes the subject of ill-considered criticism, on the ground that they are of persons living. 
 Nevertheless, in the judgment of the publishers, and of a great many persons who have given the 
 matter careful consideration, the department is one which should neither be omitted nor limited by the 
 insertion of the portraits and sketches of those only who are deceased. When it is borne in mind how 
 swiftly the stream of life and time sweeps on — how quickly the present glides into the past — there will 
 be few to find fault with this department ; and when a score or more of years have elapsed — when the 
 generations now marching in the front, and in the closely succeeding ranks, shall have passed away, 
 this feature will be invaluable, serving as the best reminder of some of their most conspicuous and 
 honored characters, to those who remain. 
 
 G. R. P. 
 Philadelphia, Nov., 1886. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 GEl^rEEAL HISTOET. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 Topography and Botany 1-4 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 The Indians 4-16 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 Early Colonial History 17-24 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 The rriends in West Jersey 24-30 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 Early History of Old Gloucester 30-38 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 The French and Indian War 35-36 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 TheWaroftheBevolution , 36-77 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 The War of 1812-14 77-86 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 The War with Mexico 86-89 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 The War for the Union 89-179 
 
 V 
 
 PAGE 
 
 CHAPTER XI. 
 
 The Erection of Camden County 179-186 
 
 CHAPTER XII. 
 Civil List 186-196 
 
 CHAPTER XIII. 
 The Bench and Bar of Camden County 196-237 
 
 CHAPTER XIV. 
 A History of Medicine and Medical Men 237-308 
 
 CHAPTER XV. 
 Education 308-319 
 
 CHAPTER XVI. 
 The Press 319-330 
 
 CHAPTER XVII. 
 Authors and Scientists 330-339 
 
 CHAPTER XVIII. 
 Public Internal Improvements 340-369 
 
 CHAPTER XIX. 
 Navigation and Ship-Building 360-385 
 
 CHAPTER XX. 
 
 Agriculture 385-396 
 
 CHAPTER XXI. 
 
 Old Grave- Yards 395-400 
 
CITIES, BOEOUGHS AISTD TOWNSHIPS. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 THE CITY or CAMDEN. 
 
 Introduction — Early Settlements and Subsequent Transfers of 
 Land on the Site of Camden — Early Settlements and Trans- 
 fers of Land on the Site of South Camden— First Town 
 Plan of Camden — Coopers Hill — The Kaighn Estate — Fet- 
 tersville — Stockton — Kaighnsville . ... 403-424 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 MUNICIPAL HISTORY. 
 Incorporation — Supplements to Charter — New Charter — The 
 First City Hall-The New City Hall— Civil List-Water 
 
 Department — Fire Department . 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 EARLY BUSINESS INTERESTS OP CAMDEN. 
 
 Camden in 1815 — Camden in 1824 — Assessment of 1834 — Manu- 
 facturing Industries and Interesting Facts — Pleasure Gar- 
 
 dens — " Sausage Weaving." . 
 
 444r^4 
 
 CHAl'TER IV. 
 BANKS AND BANKING. 
 The First Bank in New Jersey — State and National Laws Gov- 
 erning the Banking, System — The National State Bank of 
 Camden — The Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank — The First 
 National Bank — The Camden Safe Deposit Company — The 
 Camden National Bank 4S4-467 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 RELIGIOUS HISTORY OP CAMDEN. 
 Newton Friends' Meeting — Methodist Churches— Baptist 
 Churches — Protestant Episcopal Churches — Presbyterian 
 Churches— Lutheran Churches — Churches of the United 
 Brethren in Christ — Church of the Evangelical Association 
 —Young Men'& Christian Association — Roman Catholic 
 Churches 467-497 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 THE SCHOOLS. 
 
 Early Schools in Camden — The Public-School System— The 
 New Era— Progress since 1879— Newton Debating Society 
 — The Worthington Library — Private Schools- West Jer- 
 sey Orphanage 497-607 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 THE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES. 
 Iron Works — Lumber Interests of Camden— Oil Cloth Manu- 
 factories — Woolen and Worsted Mills — Miscellaneous In- 
 dustries— Carriage-Making— Shoe and Morocco Factories. 607-638 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS. 
 
 The Post-Oflfice — Market-Houses- The Read Family — Insur- 
 ance Companies — The Gaslight Company — The Street 
 Railway— The Telephone— Building and Building Asso- 
 - ciations— -Drug Interests— Old Military Organizations — 
 Cemeteries— The Tornado of 1878— The Cyclone of 1886 — 
 
 Hotels . 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 SECRET AND BENEVOLENT SOCIETIES. 
 
 Free Masonry— The Independent Order of Odd Fellows- 
 Knights of Pythias — Improved Order of Red Men — Knights 
 of the Golden Eagle— Ancient Order of United Work- 
 men — Brotherhood of theUnibn — Order of United Ameri- 
 can Mechanics — Independent Order of Mechanics — Mis- 
 cellaneous Societies 
 
 638-558 
 
 558-681 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 GLOUCESTER CITY. 
 
 Topography— Early History— Port Nassau— Gloucester as a 
 County Seal>— County Courts and Public Buildings— The 
 Original Town and Some of its Inhabitants— A Deserted 
 Village— An Era of Prosperity Arrives-Incorporationand , 
 City Government — Manufacturing Interests — Religious 
 Histoi-y— Schools— Societies— Gloucester as a Pleasure Re- 
 sort—The Fox Hunting Club- Fisheries 682-607 
 
 CHAPTER XI. 
 
 THE BOROUGH OF HADDONPIELD. 
 
 Early History- Francis Collins, John Kay, Timothy Matlack, 
 Jacob Clement, Samuel Clement, ' Thomas Perrywelb, 
 Thomas Redman, Hugh Creighton, William Griscom, 
 Benjamin Hartley— Local Incidents of the Reyolu, 
 tion— Haddonfleld in 1826 and 1835— Friendship Fire 
 Company— Old Taverns- The Post-Offlce— Library Com- 
 pany—The Friends— Baptist Church— Methodist Church- 
 Episcopal Church— Presbyterian Church— Schools— Busi- 
 ness Interests— Societies 
 
 CHAPTER XII. 
 THE TOWNSHIP OP HADDON. 
 Early History of Old Newton Township— IJotes from Town- 
 ship Records— TJiomaa Sharp's Account of the Newton 
 
 Settlement — Old Newton Friends' Meeting Schools 
 
 Camden and Philadelphia Race-Course— ColUngewood— 
 
 Westmount 
 
 636-654 
 
 608-630 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 Vll 
 
 CHAPTER XIII. 
 THE TOWNSHIP OP ■WATEEFOED. 
 Topography — The Matlack Family — The Collins' — Organiza- 
 tion— Gleiidale M. B. Church — Gibbsboro' — Lucaa Paint 
 Works — Church of St. John in the Wilderness- Berlin — 
 "Long-a-Coming" — Business Beginnings — Societies — Li- 
 brary — Churches — Berlin Cemetery — Village of Atco — So- 
 cieties and Chufchea — Ohesilhurst — Waterford Village — 
 Churches — "Shane's Castle," the Woos Brothers and the 
 Beginning of Catholicism 
 
 CHAPTER XIV. 
 THE TOWNSHIP OF GLOUCESTEE. 
 
 Description — Early Settlers — The Tonilineons, Albertsons, 
 Bates, CathcartSt Heilmans, Howells, Thornes and others 
 —Civil Organization— Villages of Kirkwood, Linden- 
 wold, Clementon, WatBontown, Brownstown, Davistown, 
 Spring Mills, " the lost town of Upton " and Chews Land- 
 ing— The Chew Family— Blackwood — The Wards and 
 Blaokwoods— Old Hotels— Stage Lines— Churches — Socie- 
 ties — Education 
 
 CHAPTER XV. 
 THE TOWNSHIP OF WINSLOW. 
 Character of the Township— Set otf from Gloucester— List of 
 Officers— Villages of Sicklerville, Williamstown Junction, 
 Wilton, Tanaboro', Cedar Brook, Braddock, Blue Anchor, 
 Ancora, Elm, Winslow Junction and Winslow— Glass 
 Works — Societies— Friends' Meetings and Churches . . . 
 
 665-671 
 
 672-693 
 
 CHAPTER XVI. 
 THE TOWNSHIP OF CENTRE. 
 
 Surface and Soil — Early Settlers and Descendants — The Huggs, 
 Brownings, Hillmana, Hinchmans, Thornes, Glovers and 
 Later Comers — Civil Histoi-y — Village of Snow Hill— Soci- 
 eties — Churches — Magnolia — Guinea Town — Mount Eph- 
 raim 701-712 
 
 CHAPTER XVII. 
 THE TOWNSHIP OF DELAWAEE. 
 
 Civil History — Affairs of the Township during the Civil War 
 —List of Officials- Mills- Early Settlers— The Howells, 
 Coopers, Champions, Collins, Burrows, Ellis, Heritages, 
 Rays, Matlacks, Shivers, Stokeses, Davises, Frenches and 
 others — Old Houses- Ellisburg — Batesville 
 
 CHAPTER XVIII. 
 THE TOWNSHIP OF STOCKTON. 
 
 Its Separation from Delaware — Jurisdiction over Eiver Islands 
 — ^Early Settlement — The Coles, Spicers, Woods, Willards, 
 Nicholsons, Morgans, Rudderows, Fishs, Homers, Brown- 
 ings, Starns, Osiers and others — Bethel Methodist Episco- 
 pal Church — Old Taverns — Schools — FisherieB — Pavonia 
 — ^Wrightsville — Cramer Hill — Dudley — Merchantville — 
 Stockton-Delair— Manufacturing Interests 
 
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Albertson, Chalkley g72 
 
 AlbertsoD, Samuel C 616 
 
 Andrews, J. B 301 
 
 An Old Stege-Coach 345 
 
 Anthony, H. B 536 
 
 Autographs, early settlers in Gloucester township 677 
 
 Autographs, early settlers in Stockton township 742 
 
 Autographs, early settlers, Newton township 649 
 
 Autographs of Early Settlers 426 
 
 Autographs of English Noblemen 24 
 
 Baird, David 518 
 
 Bartine, D. H : 296 
 
 Beatty,I.C 626 
 
 Bell, Ezra C 393 
 
 Bennett, Volney G 516 
 
 Bergen, C. A 229 
 
 Bergen, M. V 228 
 
 Braddock, Elwood 632 
 
 British stamp 38 
 
 Browning, A. M 158 
 
 Browning, Maurice 528 
 
 Brown, David B 192 
 
 Brown, Davids 690 
 
 Burrougb, Edward 194 
 
 Camden Water-Front 403 
 
 Campbell, Geo ; 667 
 
 Carpenters' Hall 41 
 
 Chew, Sinnickson 322 
 
 Church, Broadway Methodist Episcopal 470 
 
 Church, Firat Baptist *77 
 
 Church, First Presbyterian *88 
 
 Church, North Baptist 480 
 
 Church of Immaculata Conception 496 
 
 Chureh, Second Presbyterian 491 
 
 Church, St. John's Episcopal 486 
 
 Church, Third Methodist Episcopal 468 
 
 aement, John 212 
 
 aement, John, Sr 214 
 
 Coffin, William *'* 
 
 Coles, 0. B 515 
 
 Coley, Benjamin D 121 
 
 CoUings, B. Z 394 
 
 Gattell, Alexander G '63 
 
 Cooper, Beuj '** 
 
 ix 
 
 PAGB 
 
 Cooper, Benjamin W 743 
 
 Cooper Hospital 264 
 
 Cooper, James B 60 
 
 Cooper, John 466 
 
 Cooper, Joseph W 458 
 
 Cooper, Dr. Richard M 455 
 
 Cooper, Richard M 271 
 
 Cooper, "W. B 743 
 
 Cooper, William D 218 
 
 Cramer, Alfred 758 
 
 Croft, Howland 524 
 
 Cuthbert, J. Ogden 654 
 
 Davis, Thomas H 136 
 
 Davis, Thomas W 460 
 
 Delaware Indian 5 
 
 Delaware Indian Family,. 7 
 
 De Tries, David Pietetsen 18 
 
 Dialogue, John H 384 
 
 Donges, John W 293 
 
 Estaugh House 647 
 
 Evans, EUwood 737 
 
 Fetters, Kichard 422 
 
 Fitch's First Steamboat 360 
 
 Fitch's Secoud Steamboat 361 
 
 Fitzgerald, Wilson 679 
 
 Fitzsimmons, P. J 497 
 
 Flint knives 9 
 
 Fort Mercer 50 
 
 Fort MifBin 48 
 
 Fowler, P. H 693 
 
 Francine, Louis K 156 
 
 Frazee, Andrew B 372 
 
 Fredericks, Henry 614 
 
 Gatzmer, W. H 370 
 
 Gettysburg Monument 146 
 
 Gill, John 466 
 
 Great Central Fair Building 163 
 
 Grey, Philip J 320 
 
 Grey, S. H 226 
 
 Gross, Onan B 290 
 
 Haines, Joseph M '12 
 
 Hall, New City 429 
 
 Hansen, William C 169 
 
 Heath, Robert F. S '93 
 
LIST OF ILLUSTEATIONS. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Hendry, Charles D 267 
 
 Heulinge, Israel W 457 
 
 Hillman, Samuel S 633 
 
 Hoe of Gray Flint 10 
 
 Horefall, Charles K .........: 140 
 
 Howell, Joshua B 154 
 
 Hudson, Henry 17 
 
 Hylton, J. Dunbar 747 
 
 Hylton, J. Dunbar, JBesidence of 748 
 
 Independence Bell 36 
 
 Independence Hall 47 
 
 Indian autographs 16 
 
 Indian Fort 8 
 
 Jones, Franks , 437 
 
 Kifferly, Frederick.... 634 
 
 Kirkbride, Joel P 671 
 
 Knight, E. '. .*... 641 
 
 Lippincott, Joshua 459 
 
 Livermore, Jonas 464 
 
 Lucas, John 658 
 
 Map (boundary) of East and West Jersey: 23 
 
 Map of Camden 419 
 
 Map of Camden County 1 
 
 Map of operations on the Delaware 49 
 
 Map, Thos. Sharp, 170O '..... ; 638 
 
 Martindale, Isaac C... 337 
 
 Mead, Wm. T 548 
 
 Michellon, F. F ;..■ 435 
 
 Middleton, F. P 580 
 
 Middleton, M. F 302 
 
 Morgan, Kandal E 185 
 
 Mortar and pestle 8 
 
 M«d Island, 1777 52 
 
 New County Court-House 184 
 
 Old-Time Doctor 238 
 
 Ornamental pottery, flint, etc 10 
 
 PAGB 
 
 Parker, Joel 208 
 
 Parsons, Stephen 556 
 
 Piece of steatite 9 
 
 Pratt, Jesse 434 
 
 President's chair and desk, upon which the Declaration of In- 
 dependence was signed 46 
 
 Itead, Edmund E 644 
 
 Bead, John S 543 
 
 Read, Joseph J 641 
 
 Reeve, Augustus 522 
 
 Reeve, Benjamin C 520 
 
 Reeve, Richard H 519 
 
 Ridge, James M..... 284 
 
 Bightmire, William H 436 
 
 Roe, David, Sr ; 615 
 
 Rose, Wilbur F : 461 
 
 Rulon, Elwood.... 674 
 
 Sexton, William 694 
 
 Sheets, John A. J 634 
 
 Shults, John S 438 
 
 Soldiers in 1812 79 
 
 Soldiers' Monument „„. 165 
 
 Stanton, L. N... .......:....; 517 
 
 Starr, John F 463 
 
 Stevenson, John R..... 287 
 
 Stockham, Charles , 512 
 
 Stocks and pillory ..,..; ...., 33 
 
 Taylor, H. Genet : 285 
 
 Taylor, Othniel H 273 
 
 Thompson's Hotel and Fisheries 606 
 
 Tomlinson, Ephraim g-^g 
 
 Vessel of pottery _ g 
 
 Voorhees, Peter L 222 
 
 William Jenn's burial-place 29 
 
 William Penn's coat of arms , 23 
 
 Wilson, George E , ; jjg 
 
OUTLINE MAP 
 OF 
 
HISTORY 
 
 OF 
 
 OAMDEISr COUNTY, NEW JERSEY 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 TOPOGRAPHY AND BOTANY. 
 TOPOGRAPHY. 
 
 Camden County has a front on the Del- 
 aware River of ten miles, and extends south- 
 easterly about thirty miles to the line of 
 Atlantic County. Timber Creek, from the 
 river, bounds it on the southwest to the head 
 of the south branch of that stream, and by a 
 short land line to the head of Four-Mile 
 Branch, and down the whole length of that 
 stream to Great Egg Harbor River and 
 thence down that river to the Atlantic 
 County line. On the northeast Pensaukin 
 Creek from the river bounds the county to 
 the source of the south branch, and by a line 
 across the country to near the head of Mullica 
 River, or a branch thereof, known as Atco 
 Atco, and thence down the stream to where 
 Atlantic County makes a corner near Atsion. 
 
 The streams running out of the hills are 
 rapid, -yet the volume of water has been 
 materially diminished by thegradual removal 
 of the timber from the upland and swamps. 
 The effect of the tides from the Delaware 
 River in these streams is felt for ten or 
 twelve miles inland, although its flow is 
 hindered by mill-dams in many places. The 
 
 land in parts is hilly and rolling, but no part 
 is so flat or level but that it can be readily 
 drained. The highest point, as appears by 
 the gradients of the Camden and Atlantic 
 Railroad, is near Berlin, and shows an eleva- 
 tion of one hundred and ninety-six feet above 
 low tide-water at Camden. There is a 
 gradual rise from the river southeasterly un- 
 til it reaches the highest point at or near 
 Berlin, and all the streams running north- 
 westerly to the river find their sources in 
 that region. The same features exist on the 
 southeasterly slope, and the streams that drain 
 their waters into the Atlantic Ocean, originate 
 near the same place, thus making the region 
 about that town the water-shed for a large 
 extent of country. It may therefore be seen 
 that the springs of water that come to the 
 surface near Berlin find their way to the 
 Delaware River by Timber Creek, Coopers 
 Creek, Pensaukin Creek and Rancocas 
 Creek on the western slope of the county, 
 while the sources of Great Egg Harbor River 
 and of Mullica River and their tributaries, 
 which drain the eastern slope and empty into 
 the Atlantic Ocean, may be found near the 
 same place. 
 
 Timber Creek is navigable for vessels of 
 light draught to Chews Landing, about ten 
 miles from its mouth, and Coopers Creek 
 
 1 
 
HISTOKY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 to Coles Landing, about the same distance. 
 Pensaukin Creek is available for the same 
 purpose to the dam at the junction of the 
 north and south branches of that stream. 
 Along both sides of these water-courses are 
 extensive tracts of low, marshy laud, upon 
 which the tide leaves a fertile alluvion de- 
 posit, and which, when banked and drained, 
 makes valuable meadow, while towards the 
 heads of the streams good water-powers have 
 been made and used for milling and manu- 
 facturing purposes. Black, yellow and 
 green marl is found in the belt that crosses 
 the county in a northeasterly direction, and 
 for building purposes a red sandstone is found 
 in many localities, generally in thin layers 
 near the surface, but occasionally in thick, 
 compact bodies. Loam suitable for moulding 
 purposes is found in some of the hills along 
 the streams and clays for brick-making 
 and pottery crop out in various places. 
 
 To outline the ilora of so small a section 
 of country as is usually embraced within 
 county lines would ordinarily furnish but 
 little matter of interest, and where an excep- 
 tion to this general rule is known it becomes 
 not only proper, but very desirable, to have it 
 so appear, in order to obtain the most com- 
 plete local history that can be prepared. That 
 this exception is realized in Camden County 
 is made abundantly manifest. 
 
 It is well known that the State of New 
 Jersey, Avith its surface of seven thousand 
 five hundred and seventy-six square miles, 
 furnishes greater opportunities for the study 
 of a varied flora than almost any other State 
 or district of similar size in the whole United 
 States. The more elevated or mountainous 
 section in the north gives a somewhat sub- 
 alpine flora; the southern counties receive, by 
 the washing of the waves from the shores of 
 the Southern States, and by the birds in their 
 migratory flights northward, the seeds of 
 many strictly southern plants; the eastern 
 
 section supports the usual marine flora, and 
 the western the usual fresh-water flora, while 
 a section of the interior of the more southern 
 counties give us what is elsewhere known as 
 the "pine barrens of New Jersey," furnish- 
 ing a peculiar vegetation, one unlike that of 
 any other State of our Union. 
 
 O. R. Willis, in his " Catalogue of Plants 
 growing without Cultivation in the State of 
 New Jersey," says of these floral features, — 
 " The difference of elevation from the south 
 towards the north gives a wide range of 
 temperature, so that while in the northern 
 boundaries of the State plants are found 
 common to New England, the southern and 
 coast regions yield the vegetation of Eastern 
 Virginia. 
 
 " The whole western border is washed by 
 the Delaware River, fed by tributaries from 
 Pennsylvania and New York, bringing to 
 its banks the seeds of a vast territory north 
 and west of it. Its eastern shores are washed 
 by the Hudson River and the Atlantic Ocean, 
 wafting the seeds of many lands to the allu- 
 vial plains which skirt its eastern bounda- 
 ries. Its varied soil is another remarkable 
 feature of this State : limestone in the north, 
 accompanied by iron and peat, marl, alluvial, 
 arenaceous and clay deposits ; with red shales 
 and heavy loam, impregnated with iron, in 
 the middle ; while in the south and east loose 
 sands, peat and sphagnous bogs and green 
 sand deposits alternate with patches of loam, 
 in which clay more or less predominates. The 
 wonderful variety of soil, the differences of 
 elevation and the wide range of temperature 
 combine to give rise to one of the most varied 
 and remarkable floras of the Western Conti- 
 nent. The cedar swamps, with which the 
 pine regions are besprinkled, are the homes 
 of the most beautiful and remarkable indi- 
 viduals of the flora of the temperate zones. 
 There the pogonia, the habenaria, the or- 
 chis, the arethusa, the calopogon and the 
 sarracenia flourish ; while the forests of the 
 north and middle are adorned with the lir- 
 
BOTANY. 
 
 iodendron, the magnolia, the ilex, the kal- 
 mia and the rhododendron." 
 
 Among those who early gave attention to 
 botanical investigation in this district, or who 
 became quite familiar with its flora, may be 
 found the names of Bartram, Collins, Kalm, 
 Michaux, Schweinitz, Barton, Pursh, Nuttall, 
 Durand and others, many collections of New 
 Jersey plants being scattered through the 
 herbaria of Europe as well as of America. 
 The conditions they found have, in the lapse 
 of many years, been very much changed. 
 The marshy ground along the Delaware Riv- 
 er just south of Camden, and running back 
 into the country for some distance, was a 
 noted place to visit in those early botanical 
 days, many of the rarer plants of this section 
 being found therein, some decidedly of a 
 southern range, and which of late years have 
 not been met with at all. Near Haddonfield 
 is another locality, where recently has been 
 collected a species not heretofore known to 
 occur north of Virginia. The townships of 
 Waterford and Winslow extend into the 
 " pine barren " region, above referred to, 
 where the rare and beautiful plants which 
 characterize its flora may be found. On the 
 banks of Little Timber Creek may, in shel- 
 tered places, still be found plants of a more 
 northern habitat, and this is, perhaps, the only 
 place south of Trenton where they occur. An 
 enumeration of these species would greatly 
 interest persons scientifically inclined, and 
 there are many such devotees among us, but 
 it would be too voluminous to be inserted 
 here ; suffice it to say that many of these 
 plants, which are to be found described in the 
 various text-books of botany, are yet quite 
 local. This section has been so thoroughly 
 explored that very few species new to science 
 have been detected within the past thirty- 
 five years. 
 
 Of introduced plants, those whose home is 
 in other parts of the world, Camden County 
 has more than a full share, owing to circum- 
 stances which are not likely to affect any 
 
 other county in the State. Isaac C. Martin- 
 dale, of Camden, who is probably better ac- 
 quainted with the flora of this section of New 
 Jersey, and the localities where its rare plants 
 may be found, than almost any other person 
 now living, and who has of late years given 
 special study to the introduction of foreign 
 species and the geographical distribution of 
 plants, says that the past twenty-five years 
 has given a large influx of these. Nearly as 
 far back as 1860 the late Charles F. Parker, 
 of Camden, and himself, while botanizing on 
 the Pennsylvania side of the Delaware, de- 
 tected a number of European plants growing 
 un heaps of ballast that had been unloaded 
 from vessels, most of which were not enum- 
 erated in the text-books of North American 
 botany, and as a new field for investigation 
 was thus opened, the whole of the Delaware 
 River front, both in New Jersey and Penn- 
 sylvania, was carefully examined during the 
 succeeding years, and the character and hab- 
 its of the plants studied, it was found that 
 many of the species of European origin were 
 evidently from the middle section of the con- 
 tinent, and a close investigation developed, 
 the fact that large quantities of coal oil were 
 being shipped from Philadelphia to the sea- 
 port towns of Germany and those ajong the 
 Mediterranean Sea; so large a trade had 
 sprung up in this enterprise within a few 
 years that many sailing-vessels were engaged 
 in its 'transportation. Many cargoes of coal 
 oil were thus shipped, and if no freight could 
 be obtained for a return, the vessels came 
 back in ballast, which was largely unloaded 
 in the southern part of the city of Camden, 
 where scores of acres of low, marshy land 
 existed. This ballast material of course con- 
 tained many seeds of plants, which in due 
 season vegetated, and thus furnished, as it 
 were, a new link in Flora's chain on Ameri- 
 can soil. Occasional vessel-loads of ballast 
 came from other parts of the world — some 
 from Africa, Eastern Asia, South America 
 and the West Indies. A few California 
 
HISTOKf OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 plants have also in this way been brought 
 to our doors. 
 
 It is well known that during the War of 
 the Rebellion many vessels were engaged in 
 carrying supplies to ports on the South At- 
 lantic seaboard and to the Gulf States. As 
 no returu cargo could be obtained, vast quan- 
 tities of ballast were used. Much of this in 
 time reached here also, and in consequence 
 a large number of strictly southern plants 
 were introduced. Partial lists of these have 
 from time to time appeared in the scientific 
 periodicals of the country, and Mr. Martin- 
 dale, we learn, is at present engaged in the 
 preparation of a complete history of this de- 
 partment of his favorite study. 
 
 Of the foreign plants thus introduced, 
 numbering perhaps hundreds of species, many 
 never appeared but once, others maintained a 
 foothold for a few years and then disap- 
 peared, whilst a large number of species have 
 been found year after year, showing that 
 while an unusual combination of circum- 
 stances may have led to their introduction, 
 they have nevertheless come to stay, often 
 rooting out the native plants and absolutely 
 taking possession of the soil, in fair illustra- 
 tion of the old story of the survival of the 
 fittest in. the race for existence. The intro- 
 duced element being more vigorous, obtained 
 the mastery, and the native was obliged to 
 yield possession, an exact repetition of the 
 history of the settlement of the country by 
 the European nations, where the foreigners 
 held possession and the native American In- 
 dian, proving to be the weaker vessel, has 
 been gradually pushed farther and farther 
 inland. 
 
 The greater part of the soil of Camden 
 County being easily cultivated, the trees have 
 been largely removed ; hence the acreage of 
 forest has become very small and little of 
 especial character in this line now exists that 
 requires mention at our hands. The original 
 timber has all been cut off and now but few 
 trees of large or unusual size remain. The 
 
 wooded sections of the most eastern town- 
 ships have for years furnished verj' largely 
 the supply of charcoal for the Philadelphia 
 markets. Immense numbers of hoop-poles 
 were also shipped to those engaged in the 
 West India sugar and molasses trade. The 
 white cedar swamps have also furnished 
 thousands of cedar rails annually for ship- 
 ment to other sections, but the great demand 
 for these articles has nearly exhausted the 
 supply and these branches of industry are 
 almost destroyed. 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 THE IXDIAXS. 
 
 Early historians, probably through lack 
 of study of the literary remains of the pio- 
 neers and settlers of the seventeenth century, 
 have very much too liberally overestimated 
 the number of Indians in New Jersey at the 
 time when the first settlements by the whites 
 were made here. In this error they but 
 shared the once common belief that the abo- 
 rigines of North America three hundred 
 years ago were a powerful and numerous 
 people. Recent investigations have proved 
 the inaccuracy of this belief. 
 
 The historian Robert Pond estimated the 
 number of fighting men of eighteen given 
 tribes east of the Mississippi River at twenty- 
 seven thousand nine hundred, and total num- 
 ber of souls one hundred and thirty-nine 
 thousand five hundred. An historical ac- 
 count printed in Philadelphia of Colonel 
 Bouquet's expedition in 1763 against the 
 Ohio Indians, asserts that there were then 
 fifty-six thousand five hundred and eighty 
 fighting men of such tribes as the French 
 were in connection with in Canada and the 
 West. Assuming this number to be one- 
 fifth of the population, they would have 
 had at that date two hundred and eighty-two 
 thousand nine hundred in the territory now 
 
THE INDIANS. 
 
 embraced in the United States. According 
 to the figures of the Indian Bureau of the 
 government, there are now about two hundred 
 and seventy-five thousand Indians in the 
 United States, or within a few thousands of 
 as many as ever roamed over the area now 
 embraced within the States and Territories. 
 Statistics and careful investigation have thus 
 shattered the romance of the extinguishment 
 of the Indian race, upon which innumerable 
 pathetic tales have been founded. The con- 
 ditions of Indian life were in every way op- 
 posed to the rapid increase of population. 
 
 All the collateral evidence goes to sustain 
 the theory that if Hendrick Hudson could 
 have made a census of the Indians in Schey- 
 ichbi (their name for the territory almost iden- 
 tical with the present State of New Jersey), 
 he would not have counted many more than 
 two thousand when, in 1609, he and his com- 
 panions in the " Half-Moon " skirted the coast 
 of what is now New Jersey. Master Evelin, 
 writing in 1690, used this language : " T doe 
 account all the Indians to be eight hundred; " 
 and Oldmixon, in 1708, computed that they 
 had been reduced to one-fourth that number. 
 Evelyn and Oldmixon were below the mark, 
 but they were much nearer it than those 
 writers who have spoken of the " teeming 
 thousands " of red men. Such miscalculations 
 are largely traceable to circumstances whicli, 
 in their turn, are a revelation of the physical 
 condition of Scheyichbi when the white man 
 was moving to plant his dominant standards 
 upon its soil. The State of New Jersey is so 
 rich in Indian relics that hasty observers 
 came to the conclusion that it must have 
 supported a comparatively dense Indian pop- 
 ulation. " So abundant were the Indian 
 villages," says Charles C. Abbott, in his 
 " Stone Age in New Jersey," " that almost 
 eyery brook that harbors a fish has now 
 lying among the pebbles on its bed or in the 
 turf upon its banks flinty arrow-points or 
 delicate fish-spears." When it is remem- 
 bered that these remains are in a great pro- 
 
 portion those of tribes that came to New 
 Jersey in the seasons for hunting and fishing, 
 and had their permanent locations beyond its 
 confines, we understand the great attractions 
 of the region for a primitive people, and also 
 the source of the errors that have been made 
 in enumerating the Indians of New Jersey 
 two centuries ago. To them and to the 
 
 strangers who foraged in it from the North 
 and West it was a land of plenty and 
 fatness. The streams were well supplied 
 with fish, and the forests and the plains with 
 game. The recession of the glaciers had left 
 a soil that so easily absorbed rain that it 
 made quick and prodigal return for the work 
 of the red husbandman, who cultivated In- 
 
HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 dian corn, pumpkins and beans. The inlets 
 of the bay and sea were opulent with oysters 
 and clams, and when the Indians had eaten 
 of these luscious bivalves their shells were 
 useful for conversion into wampum. 
 
 They were of the great Lenni Lenape 
 nation, which then occupied the central por- 
 tion of what is now the United States, and 
 were hemmed in by the Natches, south of 
 the Potomac River, and the Iroquois, north 
 of the southern border of New York. They 
 had sacredly preserved that curious tradition 
 of an origin in the far West, of a march to 
 the eastward, a joint victory with the Iro- 
 quois over the Allegivi (Alleghenies) in a 
 terrible battle and the final establishment of 
 a new home upon the shores of the ocean 
 from which the sun rises. The myth has 
 long ago been resolved into an incident of 
 the sun or fire worship common to prehis- 
 toric faiths. 
 
 Indian Tbaditions. — A writer in the 
 " History of Philadelphia," published in 1880, 
 gives the following interesting, though fanci- 
 ful, traditions relating to the origin of our 
 Aborigines : 
 
 " As to their origin as members of the human 
 family, they have divers legends. They claim to 
 have come out of a cave in the earth, like the 
 woodchuck and the chipmunk, to have sprung 
 from a snail that was transformed into a human 
 being and taught to hunt by a kind of Manitou, 
 after which it was received into the lodge of the 
 beaver and married the beaver's favorite daughter. 
 
 " In another myth a woman is discovered hover- 
 ing in mid-air above the watery waste of chaos. She 
 has fallen or has been expelled from heaven, and 
 there is no earth to offer her a resting-place. The 
 tortoise, however, rose from the depths and put his 
 broad shield-like back at her service, and she de- 
 scended upon it and made it her abode, for its dome- 
 like oval resembled the first emergence of dry land 
 from the waters of the deluge. The tortoise slept 
 upon the deep, and round the margin of his shell 
 barnacles gathered, the scum of the sea collected and 
 the floating fragments of the shredded sea-weed 
 accumulated until the dry land grew apace, and 
 by and by there was all that broad expanse of land 
 which now constitutes North America. The 
 woman, weary of watching, worn out with aighs for 
 
 her lonesomeness, dropped off into a tranquil 
 slumber, and in that sleep she dreamed of a spirit 
 who came to her from her lost home above the 
 skies, and of that dream the fruits were sons and 
 daughters, from whom have descended the human 
 race. Another legend personifies the Great Spirit 
 under the form of a gigantic bird that descended 
 upon the face of the waters and brooded there until 
 the earth arose. Then the Great Spirit, exercising 
 a creative power, made the plants and animals 
 and, lastly, man, who was formed out of the integu- 
 ments of the dog, and endowed with a magic arrow 
 that was to be preserved with great care, for it was 
 at once a blessing and a safeguard. But the man 
 carelessly lost the arrow, whereupon the Great 
 Spirit soared away upon its bird-like wings arid 
 was no longer seen, and man had thenceforth to 
 hunt and struggle for his livelihood. 
 
 " Manabohzo, relates the general Algonkin trar 
 dition, created the different tribes of red men out 
 of the carcasses of different animals, the beaver, 
 the eagle, the wolf, the serpent, the tortoise, etc. 
 Manabohzo, Messon, Michaboo or Nanabush is a 
 demi-god who works the metamorphoses of nature. 
 He is the king of all the beasts ; his father was the 
 west wind, his mother the moon's great-grand- 
 father, and sometimes he appears in the form of a 
 wolf or bird, but his usual shape is that of the 
 gigantic hare. After Manabohzo masquerades in 
 the figure of a man of great endowments and 
 majestic stature, when he is a magician after the 
 order of Prospero; but when he takes the form of 
 some impish elf, then he is more tricky than Ariel 
 and more full of hobgoblin devices than Puck. 
 
 " Manabohzo is the restorer of the world, sub- 
 merged by a deluge which the serpent-Manitous 
 have created. He climbs a tree, saves himself and 
 sends a loon to dive for mud from which he can 
 make a new world. The loon fails to reach the 
 bottom ; the muskrat, which next attempts the 
 feat, returns lifeless to the surface, but with a little 
 sand firom which the Great Hare is able to re- 
 create the world. 
 
 "In other legends the otter and beaver dive in 
 vain, but the muskrat succeeds, losing his life in 
 the attempt." 
 
 Students of the Aryan legends regarding 
 the creation of the world and the Eastern 
 mythology concerning the birth of demi-gods 
 by the union of a supernatural man with a 
 female human being, will detect at once the 
 kinship of the myths of the Occident with 
 those of the Orient. How far they aid in 
 
THE INDIANS. 
 
 determining tiie origin of the American In- 
 dians on the Asiatic plateau is a question 
 which ethnologists are still busily discussing. 
 
 The Lenni Lenape, or Delaware In- 
 dians. — The name Lenni Lenape signifies 
 " original people," and came to be applied to 
 the river upon which they dwelt, until the 
 English decided that the name of the river 
 should be the Delaware. They 
 translated the Indian generic title 
 into Delaware also. With the Iro- 
 quois the Delaware formed the 
 Algonquin division of the abo- 
 rigines, and were at its head ; but 
 not later than the middle of the 
 seventeenth century they surrend- 
 ered their primacy at the dictation 
 of the Iroquois and accepted the 
 humble place of a subordinate 
 nation. In this condition they were 
 bound to abstain from war and in 
 return they were protected from 
 invasion. The pacific relations 
 which existed between them and 
 the Europeans in New Jersey is 
 partially explainable by their vir- 
 tual abandonment of the belliger- 
 ent attitude which had been their 
 normal status. 
 
 Along the Delaware, from the 
 mouth of the bay northward on 
 the eastern side, were perhaps 
 twenty sub-divisions of the Lenni 
 Lenape people. The names which 
 have been preserved are in some 
 in.stances generic and in others 
 merely indicate the localities. Isaac 
 Mickle, in his " Reminiscences of Old 
 Gloucester County," hands down those of the 
 Sewapooses, Sicounesses and Naraticons upon 
 Raccoon Creek, the Manteses or Manias on 
 Mantua Creek and the Armewamexes or 
 Arwames on Timber Creek. These last- 
 named must have extended their possessions 
 over the present limits of Camden County. 
 There are no reasons to suppose that they 
 
 differed in any way from their neighbors of 
 the l^enape. According to Pastor Cam- 
 panius, in his " History of New Sweden," ' 
 they constructed their lodges by placing a 
 bark roof upon poles, and when they desired 
 to fortify a village they made a palisade of 
 logs and dug a ditch on the outside. They 
 could fashion rude household utensils of pot- 
 
 DELAWAEE INDIAN FAMILY. 
 From Caiiipaniiis' "New Sweden." 
 
 terv and they made dishes of bark and cedar 
 
 1 " The Indians of this region had no towns or fixed 
 places of habitation ; they mostly wander around from 
 one place to another and generally go to those places 
 where they think they are most likely to find the means 
 of support. . . . When they travel they carry their mats 
 with them wherever they go and fix them on poles, 
 under which they dwell. When they want fire they 
 strike it out of a piece of dry wood, of which they find 
 plenty." 
 
HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 wood aud wove l>asket,s of withes. They 
 were utter strangers to the uses of metals 
 until tliey learned of them from the Europe- 
 ans, but of stones they made arrow-heads and 
 spenrdieads, a queer sort ot a " gig tor 
 
 AN IXDIAX FOKr. 
 
 eatching iish, war-clubs, hatehets, axes, dag- 
 gers and pestles and mortars, with which 
 they pounded corn into meal or clay into 
 paint. The neolithic or new stone 
 i mplements and weapons unearthed 
 throughout this county belonged 
 to the Lenape Indians, just as the 
 paleolithic or older and ruder stone 
 tools did to the unknown people 
 who preceded them and perished -— - 
 
 without leaving any records. -^ — 
 
 Their IIei.kjious Belief 
 
 and other chaeacterlstif's. 
 
 The Indians worshipped a Great 
 
 Spirit under various forms, but 
 
 the dance was their sole religious 
 
 ceremonial. The nature of their 
 
 belief in a Sujireme Being has 
 
 never been more clearly illustrated 
 
 than in the following letter written 
 
 to a friend about 1746 l)y Conrad 
 
 Weiser, well known in the early history of 
 
 Pennsylvania as the great interpreter of the 
 
 Indian language : 
 
 " If by religion people mean an assent to certain 
 creeds or the observance of a set of religious du- 
 ties, as appointed prayers, singing, preaching, 
 baptism or even heathenish worship, then it may 
 
 be said the Five Nations (Iroquois Indians) and 
 their neighbors have no religion. But if by relig- 
 ion we mean an attraction of the soul to God, 
 whence proceeds a confidence in and hunger after 
 the knowledge of Him, then this people must be 
 allowed to have some religion among them, not- 
 withstanding their sometimes savage deportment. 
 For we find among them some traits of a confi- 
 dence in ftod alone, and sometimes, though but 
 seldom, a vocal calling upon Him." 
 
 Weiser then cites the case of an Indian 
 who accompanied him ujDon one of his jour- 
 neys, and who, on being rescued from a fall 
 over a great precipice, exclaimed, — 
 
 '' I thank the great Lord and Governor of this 
 world in that He has had mercy upon me and has 
 been willing that I should live longer." 
 
 .V few days later, when Weiser himself" 
 was in danger of death, the same Indian ad- 
 dressed him thus, — 
 
 " Remember that evil days are better than good 
 days, for when we suffer much we do not sin ; sin 
 will be driven out of us by suffering; but good 
 
 MORTAR AND PESTLl' 
 
 days will cause men to sin, and God cannot extend 
 His mercy to them; l)ut, cnnlrariwise, when it 
 goeth evil with us God hath compassion on us." 
 
 Again, when, in 1760, a number of Indians 
 came from Wyalusing to Philadelphia to 
 confer with Governor Hamilton on various 
 subjects. Chief Papounan is recorded by 
 
THE INDIANS. 
 
 Conrad Weiser to have said to the Gover- 
 nor, — 
 
 " I think on God who made us. I want to be 
 instructed in His worship and service ; the great 
 God observes all that passes in our hearts and 
 hears all that we sav to one another." 
 
 .dfllHlnllmk^ 
 
 .• \ 
 
 f •> im 
 
 FLINT KXIFE. 
 
 8}^ hy 3 inchey. 
 
 FLINT KNIFE. 
 
 8 by y^l inches. 
 
 Of course all these Indians whom he 
 quotes had derived some religious ideas from 
 their communication with the whites : they 
 
 PARTLY DKILLED PIECE OF STJCATITE. 
 
 had, in fact, superimposed these impressions 
 upon the vague and misty idealism which 
 formed the basi.s of their original devotions. 
 2 
 
 If the wo]'d had been invented in Weiser's 
 day, ho might have entitled them Pantheists. 
 It must be kept steadily in mind, however, 
 
 CEREMONIAL STONE OF GREEN. 
 
 that Indian sentimentalism concerning the 
 supernatural was very apt to yield to entice- 
 ments, to plunder, bloodshed and debauchery. 
 Yet they became skilled theological contro- 
 vei'sialists, if we are to place reliance upon the 
 alleged reply of an Indian chief to a Swedish 
 missionary who preached upon original sin 
 and the necessity for a mediator, at Cones- 
 toga, I^ancaster County, Pa., in 1710. The 
 
 HAN-J)-M VIIE A>rn rlNfxER MAEKFI) M SSEL OF 
 I'OTrLl.l. 
 
 story runs that the missionary was so puzzled 
 by the Indian logic that he requested the 
 University of Upsal to furnish him with a 
 confutation of it. The Indian speech, trans- 
 lated from the Latin in which the worthy 
 cleric embalmed it, is in part as follows : 
 
 "Since the subject of his (the missionary's) er- 
 rand is to persuade us to embrace a new doctrine, 
 perhaps it may not be amiss, before we offer him 
 the reasons why we cannot comply with his re- 
 
10 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 quest, to acquaint him with the grounds and prin- 
 ciples of that religion which he would have us 
 abandon. Our forefathers were under a strong 
 persuasion, as we are, that those who act well in 
 
 HOE OF OBEY FLIMT, 7;1 BY 61 INCHES. 
 
 this life shall be rewarded in the next, according 
 to the degree of their virtue ; and on the other 
 hand, that those who behave wickedly here will 
 undergo such punishments hereafter as are proper- 
 
 
 
 k:S. /.-• -"*'; 
 
 HORNBLENDE AXE. 
 
 POLISHED FLESHEE. 
 
 tionate to the crimes they are guilty of. . . . We 
 think it evident that our notion concerning future 
 rewards and punishments was either revealed im- 
 
 tl'L'OVED HAMMER. ■ POLISHED AXE. 
 
 mediately from heaven to some of our forefathers 
 and from them descended to us, or that it was im- 
 
 planted in each of us at our creation by the Cre- 
 ator of all things. . . . Does he believe that our 
 forefathers, men eminent for their piety, constant 
 and warm in the pursuit of virtue, hoping thereby 
 
 ORNAMENTAL POTTERY. GROOVED HAMMER. 
 
 to meet everlasting happiness, were all damned? 
 Does he think that we, who are their zealous im- 
 itators in good works, earnestly endeavoring with 
 the greatest circumspection to tread the paths of 
 
 FLESHER WITH HANDLE. 
 
 PIERCED RECORD 
 TABLET. 
 
 integrity, are in a state of damnation? . . . The Al- 
 mighty, for anything we know, may ha^e commu- 
 nicated the knowledge of Himself to a different 
 race of people in a different manner. Some say 
 
 BIRD AND TORTOISE PIPE. BLACK FLINT KNIFE. 
 
 they have the will of God in writing: be it so; 
 their revelation has no advantage above ours since 
 both must be equally sufficient to save, otherwise 
 the end of the revelation would be frustrated. . . . 
 Then say that the Almighty has permitted us to 
 
 FLINT PER- 
 FORATOR. 
 
 DUCKS HEAD PIPE 
 
 FLINT SKIN 
 SCRAPER. 
 
 remain in fatal error through so many ages is to 
 represent Him as a tyrant. How is it consistent 
 
THE INDIANS. 
 
 11 
 
 with His justice to force life upon a race of mor- 
 tals without their consent and then damn them 
 eternally without opening the door to their salva- 
 tion? . . . Are the Christians more virtuous, or 
 rather, are they not more vicious than we? If so 
 how came it to pass that they are the objects of 
 God's beneficence, while we are neglected ? In a 
 word, we find the Christians much more depraved 
 in their morals than ourselves, and we judge of 
 their doctrines by their conduct." 
 
 Different styles of painting the body and 
 face were adopted for feasting and for war, 
 and tattooing with charcoal for permanent 
 ornament and for inscribing the " totem," or 
 representative animal or sign upon the indi- 
 vidual. The totems also served to distin- 
 guish the tribes : as, for instance, those which 
 occupied New Jersey south of the Muscon- 
 etcong Mountains were the Unamis, or tur- 
 tle, and the Unalachtgo, or wolf, between 
 whose territories there seems never to have 
 been any definite delineations. The men 
 were warriors, hunters and fishers, while the 
 women tilled the soil and performed all the 
 domestic and household work. 
 
 William Penn, in a letter to Henry Savell, 
 dated Philadelphia, 30th of Fifth Month,1683, 
 affirms that " the natives are proper and 
 shapely," and that he had " never found 
 more naturall sagacity, considering them 
 without y" help — I was almost going to say 
 y° spoyle of tradition." But in comparing 
 the testimony of all the pioneers who record- 
 ed their impressions, the conclusion is evi- 
 dent that the primitive Indian was charac- 
 terized by the same vices that mark his 
 descendants in our time. 
 
 The red inhabitants on the banks of the 
 Delaware possessed a willingness to be at 
 peace with the white man, if the white man 
 would permit. In proof of their early pa- 
 cific disposition, it is pertinent to introduce 
 here the evidence of Thomas Budd, who was 
 a party to the conference held at Burlington 
 in 1668. The whites were fearing an attack 
 by the Indians, because the latter were re- 
 ported as being angered at the whites for 
 
 having sold them match-coats infected with 
 small-pox. The chiefs were asked to a meet- 
 ing with the settlers, and when it took place 
 one of them spoke in behalf of all in the fol- 
 lowing lofty strain, as reported by Budd, and 
 believed not to have been corrupted by any 
 modern improvements upon his text : 
 
 " Our young men may speak such words as we 
 do not like nor approve of, and we cannot help 
 that, and some of your young men may speak such 
 words as you do not like, and you cannot . help 
 that. We are your brothers, and intend to liye 
 like brothers with you ; we have no mind to have 
 war ; ... we are minded to live in peace. If 
 we intend at any time to make war, we will let you 
 know of it and the reason why we make war with 
 you ; and if you make us satisfaction for the inju- 
 ry done us, for which the war was intended, then 
 we will not make war on you ; and if you intend 
 at any time to make war on us, we would have you 
 let us know of it and the reason, and then if we do 
 not make satisfaction for the injury done unto you, 
 then you may make war on us, otherwise you ought 
 not to do it ; you are our brothers, and we are wil- 
 ling to live like brothers with you ; we are willing 
 to have a broad path for you and us to walk in,- 
 and if the Indian is asleep in this path, the Eng- 
 lishman shall pass by and do him no harm ; and if 
 an Englishman is asleep in this path, the Indian 
 shall pass him by and say, ' He is an Englishman, 
 he is asleep ; let him alone, he loves to sleep.' " 
 
 Budd was so moved by this eloquent and 
 amicable demonstration that he added, — 
 
 " The Indians have been very serviceable to us 
 by selling us venison, Indian corn, peas and beans, 
 fish and fowl, buck-skins, beaver, otter and other 
 skins and furs ; the men hunt, fish and fowl, and 
 the women plant the corn and carry burthens. 
 There are many of them of a good understanding, 
 considering their education, and in their publick 
 meetings of business they have excellent order, 
 one speaking after another, and while one is speak- 
 ing all the rest keep silence, and do not so much' 
 as whisper to one another. . . . The kings sat on 
 a form and we on another over against them ; they 
 had prepared four belts of wampum (so their cur- 
 rent money is called, being black and white beads 
 made of a fish-shell) to give us as seals of the cov- 
 enant they made with us ; one of the kings, by 
 consent and appointment of the rest, stood up and 
 
 It is interesting to compare the above with 
 
12 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 the instructions issued by the lords proprie- 
 tors to Governor Philip Carteret, February 
 10, 1664,— 
 
 " And lastly, if our Governors and Councellors 
 happen to find any Natives in our said Province 
 and Tract of Land aforesaid, that then you treat 
 them with all Humanity and Kindness and do not 
 in anywise grieve or oppress them, but endeavour 
 hy a Christian carriage to manifest Piety, Justice 
 and Charity, and in your conversation with them, 
 the Manifestation whereof will prove Beneficial to 
 the Planters and likewise Advantageous to the 
 Propagation of the Gospel." 
 
 It is a matter of no little difficulty to sift 
 the truth from the voluminous tales of the 
 Swedish, Dutch and English chroniclers who 
 were among the first voyagers and settlers. 
 
 It happily remained for the more sober 
 and prosaic clerks who came up the Delaware 
 before and during Penn's days to temper 
 with a regard for truth the temptation to ex- 
 travagant writing. Easily first among these 
 was Rev. John Campanius, Swedish chaplain 
 of Governor Printz, who resided on Tini- 
 cum Island, near the mouth of the Schuyl- 
 kill, from 1642 to 1648, and was in his 
 leisure hours much of a rover on both sides 
 of the Delaware. "Writing of what he saw 
 of the natives in those six years, he said, — 
 
 " Their way of living was very simple. With 
 arrows pointed with sharp stones they killed the 
 deer and other creatures. ' They made axes from 
 stones, which they fastened to a stick, to kill the 
 trees where they intended to plant. They culti- 
 vated the ground with a sort of hoe made from the 
 shoulder-blade of a deer or a tortoise shell, sharp- 
 ened with stones and fastened to a stick. They 
 made pots of clay, mixed with powdered mussel 
 shells burned in fire. By friction they made fire 
 from two pieces of hard wood. The trees they 
 burnt down and cut into pieces for fire-wood. On 
 journeys they carried fire a great way in punk, or 
 sponges found growing on the trees- They burned 
 down great trees, and shaped them canoes by fire 
 and the help of sharp stones. Men and women 
 were dressed in skins; the women made themselves 
 under-garments of wild hemp, of which they also 
 made twine to knit the feathers of turkeys, eagles, 
 etc., into blankets. The earth, the woods and the 
 rivers were the provision stores of the Indians ; for 
 
 they eat all kinds of wild animals and productions 
 of the earth, fowls, birds, fishes and fruits, which 
 they find within their reach. They shoot deer, 
 fowls and birds with the bow and arrow ; they 
 take the fishes in the same manner; when the 
 waters are high the fish run up the creeks and re- 
 turn at ebb tide, so that the Indians can easily 
 shoot them at low water and drag them ashore. 
 
 " They eat generally but twice a day, morning 
 and afternoon ; the earth serves them for tables 
 and chairs. They sometimes broil their meat and 
 their fish ; other times they dry them in the sun or 
 in the smoke and thus eat them. They make 
 bread out of the maize or Indian corn, which they , 
 prepare in a manner peculiar to themselves : they 
 crush the grain between two great stones, or on a 
 large piece of wood ; they moisten it with water 
 and make it into small cakes, which they wrap up 
 in corn leaves and thus bake them in the ashes. 
 They can fast, when necessity compels them, for 
 many days. When traveling or lying in wait for 
 their enemies they take with them a kind of bread 
 made of Indian corn and tobacco juice to allay 
 their hunger and quench their thirst in case they 
 have nothing else on hand. The drink before the 
 Christians came into this country was nothing 
 but water, but now they are very fond of strong 
 liquors.^ Both men and women smoke tobacco, 
 which grows in their country in great abundance. 
 They have, besides corn, beans and pumpkins, a 
 sort of original dogs with short, pointed ears. . . . 
 When a Christian goes to visit them in their 
 dwellings they immediately spread on the ground 
 pieces of cloth and fine mats or skins ; then they 
 produce the best they have, as bread, deer, elk or 
 bear's meat, fresh fish and bear's fat, to serve in 
 lieu of butter, which they generally broil upon the 
 coals. These attentions must not be despised, but 
 must be received with thankfulness, otherwise their 
 friendship will be turned to hatred. When an In- 
 dian visits his friend, a Christian, he must always 
 uncover his table at the lower end, for the Indian 
 will have his liberty ; and he will immediately 
 jump upon the table and sit upon it with his legs 
 crossed, for they are not accustomed to sit upon 
 chairs ; he then asks for whatever he would liketo 
 eat of." 
 
 Smith, in his " History of New Jersey," 
 gives in more detail and interest than 
 
 ' It is believed to be a fact, and a remarkable one too, 
 that the North American Indians are, with the excep- 
 tion of the Eskimo, the only people on the face of the 
 globe who did not make for themselves some intoxicat- 
 ing or stimulating liquor. 
 
THE INDIANS. 
 
 13 
 
 any other writer, facts relating to the 
 social life of the. Indians who dwelt on the 
 east bank of the Delaware. The subjoined 
 description may be accepted as a faithful 
 picture of the Armewamexes, a local name 
 for a small, tribe who for a time inhabited the 
 locality of the city of Camden and gave to 
 the supposed island site of the city the name 
 of Aquikanasra : 
 
 " It was customary with the Indians of West 
 Jersey, when they buried their dead, to put family 
 utensils, bows and arrows and sometimes wampum 
 into the grave with them. When a person of note 
 died far from the place of his own residence they 
 would carry his bones to be buried there. They 
 washed and perfumed the dead, painted the face 
 and followed singly, left the dead in a sitting posi- 
 tion and covered the grave pyramidically. They 
 were very curious in preserving and repairing the 
 graves of their dead and pensively visited them ; 
 did not love to be asked their judgment twice 
 about the same thing. They generally delighted 
 in mirth; were very studious in observing the 
 virtues of roots and herbs, by which they usually 
 cured themselves of many bodily distempers, both 
 by outward and inward applications. They be- 
 sides frequently used sweating and the cold bath. 
 They had an aversion to beards and would not 
 suffer them to grow, but plucked the hair out by 
 the roots. . . . Their young women were orig- 
 inally very modest and shame-faced, and at mar- 
 riageable ages distinguished themselves with a 
 kind of worked mats or red and blue bags inter- 
 spersed with small rows of white and black wam- 
 pum, or half-rows of each in one, fastened to 
 it and then put round the head down to near the 
 middle of the forehead. The Indians would not 
 allow the mentioning of the name of a friend after 
 death. They sometimes streaked their faces with 
 black when in mourning, but when their affairs 
 went well they painted red. They were great ob- 
 servers of the weather by the moon, delighted in 
 fine clothes, were punctual in their bargains and 
 observed this so much in others that it was very 
 difficult for a person who had once failed herein to 
 get any dealings with them afterward. 
 
 " Their language was high, lofty and sententious. 
 Their way of counting was by tens : that is to say, 
 two tens, three tens, etc. ; when the number got 
 out of their reach they pointed to the stars or the 
 hair of their heads. 
 
 " Their government was monarchical and succes- 
 sive and mostly of the mothers' side, to prevent a 
 
 spurious issue. Thej commonly washed their 
 children in cold water as soon as born, and to make 
 their limbs straight, tied them to aboard and hung 
 it to their back, when they traveled ; they usually 
 walked at nine months old. Their young men mar- 
 ried at sixteen or seventeen years of age, if by that 
 time they had given sufficient proof of their man- 
 hood by a large return of skins of animals. The girls 
 married at thirteen or fourteen, but stayed with 
 their mothers to hoe the ground, bear burdens, 
 etc., for some years after marriage. The marriage 
 ceremony was sometimes thus : the relations and 
 friends being present, the bridegroom delivered a 
 bone to the bride, she an ear of Indian corn to 
 him, meaning that he was to provide meat, she 
 bread. 
 
 "Some tribes were commendably careful of their 
 aged and decrepit, endeavoring to make the re- 
 mains of their lives as comfortable as they could. 
 It was pretty generally so, except in desperate de- 
 cays ; then, indeed, as in other cases of the like 
 kind, they were sometimes apt to neglect them. 
 
 " The native Indians were grave, even to sadness, 
 upon any common, and more so upon serious, occa- 
 sions ; observant of those in company ; of a tem- 
 per cool and deliberate ; never in haste to speak, 
 but waited for a certainty that the person who 
 spoke before them had finished all he had to say. 
 Their behavior in public councils was strictly de- 
 cent and instructive ; every one in his turn was 
 heard according to rank of years. Liberty in 
 its fullest extent was their ruling passion ; to 
 this every other consideration was subservient. 
 Their children were trained up so as to cherish 
 this disposition to the utmost; they were in- 
 dulged to a great degree, seldom chastised with 
 blows and rarely chided. They dreaded slavery 
 more than death. Companies of them frequently 
 got together to feast, dance and make merry ; this 
 sweetened the toils of hunting ; excepting these 
 toils and the little action before described, they 
 scarcely knew any." 
 
 Theie Government. — A rough sort of 
 communal system was the basis of Indian 
 politics and government. Each tribe held 
 its lands in common, and all its males took 
 part in any council that was to decide ques- 
 tions pertaining to the public weal. The ad- 
 ministration of government was a matter far 
 from being confided to the chiefs or sachems 
 alone. Charles Thomson, secretary of the 
 'Continental Congress, whose fragmentary 
 " Essay upon Indian Affairs " is invaluable. 
 
14 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEKSEY. 
 
 points out that a nation was composed of a 
 number of tribes, families and towns united 
 by relationship or friendship, each having a 
 particular chief. These components of the 
 nation were united under a kind of federal 
 government, .with laws and customs by which 
 they were ruled. Mr. Thomson adds — 
 
 " Their governments, it is true, are very lax, 
 except to peace and war, each individual having 
 in his own hand the power of revenging injuries, 
 and when murder is committed, the next relation 
 having power to take revenge by putting to death 
 the murderer, unless he can convince the chiefs 
 and the head men that lie had just cause, and by 
 their means can pacify the family by a present 
 and thereby put an end to the feud. The matters 
 which merely regard a town or family are settled 
 by the chiefs and head men of the town; those 
 which regard the tribe, by a meeting of the chiefs 
 from the several towns ; and those that regard the 
 nation, such as the making war or concluding 
 peace with the neighboring nations, are determined 
 on in a national council, composed of the chiefs 
 and head warriors from every tribe. Every tribe 
 has a chief or head man, and there is one who pre- 
 sides over the nation. In every town they have a 
 council-house, where the chief assembles the old 
 men and advises what is best. In every tribe there 
 is a place, which is commonly the town in which 
 the chief resides, where the head men of the towns 
 meet to consult on the business that concerns them ; 
 and in every matter there is a grand council, or 
 what they call a council fire, where the heads of 
 the tribes and the chief warriors convene to de- 
 termine on peace or war. In a council of a town 
 all the men of the tovvn may attend, the chief opens 
 the business, and either gives his opinion of what 
 is best, or takes the advice of such of the old men 
 as are heads of families or most remarkable for 
 prudence or knowledge. None of the young men 
 are allowed or presume to speak, but the whole as- 
 sembly at the end of every sentence or speech, 
 if they approve it, express their approbation by a 
 kind of hum or noise in unison with the speaker. 
 The same order is observed in the meetings or 
 councils of the tribes and in the national councils." 
 
 Later History of the Dela wares. — 
 The declining days of the Lenni Lenape or 
 Delaware Indians began with their acceptance 
 of neutrality at the dictation of the Iroquois, 
 as already alluded to. From thence onward ' 
 they decreased in numbers and importance 
 
 until the year 1 742, when, at the instance 
 of the Governor of Pennsylvania, they 
 were ordered by the Iroquois sachems to re- 
 move westward from their domain in the 
 Delaware Valley. How completely they were 
 under subjugation to the sturdy braves of 
 the North, the form in which the command 
 was issued to them attests. They were, when 
 they ventured to remonstrate, told that they 
 were women and had no rights in the land 
 except by the consent of their masters, and 
 were menaced with extermination if they re- 
 sisted. Sadly they obeyed and removed into 
 the interior of Pennsylvania, where they were 
 subsequently joined by their kindred, the 
 Shawanese, from Virginia, and by some frag- 
 ments of Maryland and other tribes. There ' 
 they recovered somewhat .of their ancient 
 spirit ; they made war upon the whites, and 
 after the Revolution they formed a combina- 
 with Eastern and Ohio tribes, which forced 
 the Iroquois to remove the stigma of neutral- 
 ity and womanhood from them. 
 
 This compulsory migration was not so 
 thorough, however, but that it failed to in- 
 clude some scattered bands south of Trenton, 
 in this State. In 1749 Governor Belcher 
 wrote that they amounted to no more than 
 sixty families ; but three years prior quite an 
 alarm had been created by reports that a 
 large number of Indians from the northeast 
 had come into New Jersey with a view to 
 stirring up the natives to bloodshed, or as al- 
 lies of white insurgents who had organized 
 to resist enforcement of the laws respecting 
 land-titles. The panic was short-lived, it 
 soon appearing that the errand of the stran- 
 gers was to listen to Rev. Brainerd, the fam- 
 ous missionary, who was then preaching in 
 Monmouth County. Among these visitors 
 was the Delaware chief Teedyuscung, who 
 had come down from the Susquehanna 
 Valley. 
 
 The Last Indians of New Jersey. — 
 In 1755 the Indians who remained on the 
 West Jersey side of the Delaware manifested 
 
THE INDIANS. 
 
 15 
 
 much restlessness because of impositions upou 
 them and the occupation by whites of lands 
 which they had not sold. In 1 757 laws were 
 passed for their protection, but were of such 
 little effect in restoring order that from May, 
 1757, to June, 1758, twenty-seven murders 
 of whites were committed in West Jersey by 
 the Minisinks,' In October of the latter year 
 Governor Bernard, through the intervention 
 of Teedyuscung, obtained a conference at 
 Easton, Pennsylvania, with the Indians who 
 had not sold out their lands. The whole of 
 the remaining titles were then extinguished 
 for the consideration of one thousand pounds, 
 except that there was reserved to the Indians 
 the right to fish in all the rivers and bays 
 south of the Raritan, and to hunt on all the 
 uninclosed lands. A reservation of three 
 thousand acres was provided for them at 
 Edge Pillock, Burlington County, and here 
 the sixty individuals, who were all that re- 
 mained of the race that once possessed the 
 soil, were located, and there they and their 
 descendants dwelt until 1802, when they 
 joined the Stockbridge tribe at New Stock- 
 bridge, New York. Thirty years later a revival 
 of the claim that they had not been suffi- 
 ciently compensated for their ancient hunting 
 and fishing privileges in New Jersey led to 
 the" mission of Shawuskukhkung, a Christian 
 Indian, who had been educated at Princeton 
 College, and by the whites given the name of 
 Bartholomew S. Calvin. He presented a 
 memorial to the Legislature, which agreed to 
 pay the Indians their full demand of two 
 thousand dollars, although it was clear that 
 the previous settlement had been intended to 
 be final. In a letter to the Legislature on the 
 passage of the bill, Calvin wrote, — 
 
 "The final actof oflScial intercourse between the 
 State of New Jersey and the Delaware Indians, 
 who once owned nearly the whole of its territory, 
 has now been consummated, and in a manner 
 which must redound to the honor of this growing 
 State, and, in all probability, to the prolongation 
 
 1 New Jersey Historical Collections, page 01. 
 
 of the existence of a wasted yet gratefiil people. 
 Upon this parting occasion I feel it to be an in- 
 cumbent duty to bear the feeble tribute of my 
 praise to the high-toned justice which, in this in- 
 stance, and, so far as I am acquainted, in all former 
 times, has actuated the Councils of this Com- 
 monwealth in dealing with the aboriginal inhab- 
 itants. 
 
 " Not a drop of our blood have you spilled in 
 battle ; not an acre of our land have you taken but 
 by our consent. These facts speak for themselves 
 and need no comment. They place the character 
 of New Jersey in bold relief and bright example to 
 those States within whose territorial limits our 
 brethren still linger. Nothing but benisons can 
 fall upon her from the lipsofaLenni Lenape. 
 There may be some who would despise an Indian 
 benediction ; but when I return to my people and 
 make known to them the result of my mission, the 
 ear of the Great Sovereign of the universe, which 
 is still open to our cry, will be penetrated with the 
 invocation of blessings upon the generous sons of 
 New Jersey." 
 
 WAMPra. — The following quotations 
 from works issued by the publishers of this 
 book are of special interest : 
 
 " Wampum passed as current money between 
 the early whites and Indians. There were two 
 kinds of it, the white and purple. They were both 
 worked into the form of beads, generally each 
 about half an inch long and one-eighth broad, 
 with a hole drilled through them so as to be strung 
 on leather or hempen strings. The white was 
 made out of the great conch or sea-shell, and the 
 purple out of the inside of the mussel shell. These 
 beads, after being strung, were woven by the wo- 
 men into belts, sometimes broader than a person's 
 hand and about two feet long. It was these that 
 were given and received at their various treaties as 
 seals of friendship ; in matters of less importance 
 only a single string was given. Two pieces of 
 white wampum were considered to equal in value 
 one of the purple." — " Hutory of Montgomery 
 County." 
 
 " There is enough concurrent testimony to war- 
 rant the conclusion that the original purpose of 
 wampum was exclusively mnemonic. It was a 
 sort of memoria technica, like the knotted cords of 
 the ancient Peruvians, and doubtless, if the Indi- 
 ans had had intelligence to word it out, a system 
 of written language could have been constructed 
 of wampum bead figures as expressive as that of a 
 single code and more serviceable than the Runic 
 arrow-head writing of the Northmen. Wampum 
 
16 
 
 HISTOKY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEESEY. 
 
 was given not only as a present and a courteous 
 reminder, but also as a threat and a warning. 
 Thus, when, at Lancaster, Pa., in 1747, the chiefs 
 of the Five Nations forbade the Lenapes to sell 
 any more land and ordered them to remove to the 
 interior, they emphasized the command by hand- 
 ing them a belt. As money, its use came about in 
 this way : It was a memorandum of exchange, of 
 business transactions. Passyund, of the Munsis, 
 agreed to let his daughter marry the son of Se- 
 canee, of the Unamis, and to give with her a 
 dowry of so many beaver skins, in return for which 
 Secanee's son was to hunt so many days for Passy- 
 und. How bind the bargain and prove it ? By 
 making a mutual note of it in the exchange of 
 wampum. That particular belt or string vouched 
 for that particular transaction. Menanee, on the 
 Allegheny, agrees to sell to Tamanee, on the Del- 
 aware, a dozen buffalo robes for forty fathoms of 
 dulHe, with buttons, thread and red cloth to orna- 
 ment. A belt is exchanged to prove the transac- 
 tion. But that cannot be completed until the 
 goods are exchanged. The next step is easy : to 
 put a certain fixed value on each bead, so that 
 when Tamanee pays a belt to Menanee for his 
 robes, Menanee can at once hand the belt over to 
 the trader who has the goods and get from him the 
 duffle and the trimmings. Viewed in this light, 
 wampum takes rank as an instrument of as various 
 and important uses as any ever employed by man. 
 It is as if the rosary of the pious Catholic were 
 suddenly invested with the powers of a historical 
 monument, a diplomatic memorandum and a busi- 
 ness 'stub' book, a short-hand inscription system 
 which is equally understood by tribes of every 
 variety of language and dialect, a currency of uni- 
 form value and universal circulation in the ex- 
 change of a continent, a bank of deposit, a jewelry 
 and personal ornament, all in one. There is no 
 parallel instance in all the economic history of 
 mankind of an article so utterly useless and value- 
 less in itself acquiring such a wide and multifari- 
 ous range of derivative values and uses."— " 77m- 
 tory of Philadelphia." 
 
 Indian Autographs. — The following are 
 characteristic specimens of Indian autographs, 
 
EAKLY COLONIAL HISTORY. 
 
 17. 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 EAELY COLONIAI, HISTORY. 
 
 The First Navigators — Royal Grants — Settlements of 
 the Dutch, the Swedes and the English — New Jer- 
 sey Established^Division of the Province into East 
 and West Jersey. 
 
 England, Holland and Sweden each bore 
 a part in the discovery and colonization of 
 New Jersey, and their claims so overlapped 
 each other that bloodshed and diplomatic 
 complications marked the progress of events 
 from the first attempt at settlement within 
 the province, in 1623, until its final conquest 
 by the English, in 1664. The forty years 
 intervening witnessed the coming of people 
 representing three different nations, the 
 conversion of the proprietorship of much of 
 the land from the Indians to the whites, the 
 founding of towns on either bank of the 
 Delaware and the laying of the foundation 
 of the civilization and enlightenment that 
 now prevails. The English claim to the 
 possession of this territory grew out of the 
 voyages of John and Sebastian Cabot, who, 
 acting under commission from Henry VII., 
 sailed along the coast from Newfoundland to 
 about the latitude of Cape Hatteras in 1497- 
 98. They bore the royal authority to plant 
 the banner of England on any undiscovered 
 lands, and occupy them in the name of the 
 crown, but as they took no steps towards 
 planting a colony to establish English do- 
 minion, the way was thus left open for the 
 conflict of claims to the soviereignty of the 
 territory that subsequently occurred, although 
 the English position was sought to be 
 affirmed in the New England and Virginia 
 patents of King James I. 
 
 The Dutch. — The next claim in the 
 order of time was that of the Dutch. On 
 August 28, 1609, Henry Hudson, an English 
 seaman in the service of the Dutch East 
 India Company, entered the mouth of Dela- 
 ware Bay, but did not sail up it because of 
 fi^nding shallow water and sand-bars, which 
 8 
 
 he thought rendered navigation unsafe. He 
 was, therefore, the discoverer of this estuary 
 of the ocean, as well as of New York Bay 
 and the Hudson River, and it was upon his 
 achievements that the Dutch very justly 
 based their claim to the regions binding upon 
 the North (Hudson) River and the Delaware, 
 or, as they termed it, the Zuydt (South) River.' 
 Hudson's report of his expedition up the 
 Delaware was not calculated to cause the. 
 Dutch to turn their commercial eye toward 
 this region, and all their enterprise in this 
 direction was turned toward Manhattan. 
 Captain Cornelis Hendrick sailed up the bay 
 in 1615-16 and encountered some of the 
 
 HENRY HUDSON. 
 
 Minaqua Indians in the neighborhood ol 
 Christiana, from whom he purchased some 
 furs. This was the beginning of the trade 
 that was soon to induce the colonization of 
 the river-shores. The Dutch States-General 
 
 1 The Dutch claim to what is now New Jersey was 
 further increased by the voyages of Captain Block and 
 Captain Jaoobse Mey. When they rendered an account 
 of their discoveries, the company by whom they had 
 been employed caused a full report of the voyages, 
 with a map of the countries that had been explored, to 
 be laid before the States-General, with an application 
 for the privileges allowed in the late edict of the State 
 to all discoverers. Accordingly, on the 11th of October, 
 1614, a special grant wsis made in favor of the company. 
 They were to have the exclusive right to visit the lands 
 and navigate the streams described, "situate in America 
 between New France and Virginia, the sea-coasts of 
 which lie between the fortieth and forty-fifth degrees of 
 latitude, and which are now named New Netherland." 
 
18 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 iu 1621 chartered the West India Company, 
 with especial coromercial privileges, and in 
 1 623 this corporation dispatched a ship under 
 command of Captain Cornelius Jacobse Mey, 
 with settlers fully provided with means of 
 subsistence, and a large stock of articles for 
 traffic with the red men. He landed some 
 of his people on the Hudson, and with the 
 remainder entered the Delaware, and it is 
 from him that Cape May takes its name.' 
 
 Mey fixed upon a place for a settlement 
 at Hermaomissing, at the mouth (if the 8as- 
 sackson, the most northerly branch of the 
 Gloucester River, or Timber Creek, " from 
 the great quantities of curious timber," says 
 Gabriel Thomas, " which they send in great 
 floats to Philadelphia." (?) Here he built a 
 stockade of logs and named it " Fort Nas- 
 sau," in honor of a town in the circle of the 
 Upper Rhine, in Germany. This was the 
 first attempt to establish a settlement upon 
 the eastern bank of the Delaware and in 
 West New Jersey.^ 
 
 A body I if men remained at Fort Nassau 
 to carrv on trade with the natives, but coteni- 
 porarv records are almost a blank as to their 
 history while there. It is probable that the 
 fort was alternately occupied or deserted as 
 the demands of trade required. In a legend- 
 ary channel the information is conveyed that 
 Mey succeeded in opening intercourse with 
 the natives and that the comnninication be- 
 tween them was such as to give rise to feel- 
 ings of confidence and kindness. 
 
 In 1 633 De Yries found the Indians in pos- 
 session of the post. The Walloons, whom they 
 had placed there, had returned to Manhattan, 
 (New York), having been taken off by <ine 
 of the vessels which the Dutch annually sent 
 around from New York Bay. A^an Twiller, 
 
 'Dr. Mulford's "History of New .Jersey" makes it 
 appear that about the time of Hendricli's voyage to the 
 Delaware, Mey made a similar trip from New Amster- 
 dam, and then ramed the Cape, liutlhereis no evidence 
 that he landed at any point, and he certainly made no 
 attempt to found a settlement. 
 
 ' See history of Gloucester City. 
 
 then the Governor of the New Netherlands, 
 restored the fort and was accused of incur- 
 ring extravagant expenses in this recon.struc- 
 tion. The Dutch made some use of it for 
 trading purposes until 1650 or 1651, when 
 they concluded that it was too far up the 
 river to be of much value and so destroyed 
 the stockades and buildings. Van Twiller 
 ordering Commissary Arent Corssen to select 
 the site for another structure on the river. 
 In 1635 it was attacked by the English, who 
 failed to capture it from its vigorous Dutch 
 defenders. Tlie S\vedes repeatedly denied 
 that the Dutcli had any fort on the Delaware 
 in 1 63)S, but against their assertions can be 
 
 IlAVIl) PTETERSEN DE VRtES. 
 
 placed the Dutch accounts of expenditure 
 for the maintenance of Fort Nassau charged 
 for that year in the West India Company's 
 books. There was certainly enough of a 
 garrison in the fort to report at once and pro- 
 test against the Swedish settlement at Chris- 
 tiana in April, 1638. Four years later the 
 garrison consisted of twenty men and the 
 fort was continually occupied thenceforward 
 until the Dutch destroyed it. 
 
 The exact site of this historic place is not 
 determinable and the original Indian name 
 of the spot cannot be given, but among the 
 tribes who surrounded it were the Arwames, 
 who hunted game and took fish where are 
 now the towns and farms of Camden County. 
 
 The claims of the Hollanders upon West 
 
EARLY COLONIAL HISTORY. 
 
 19 
 
 New Jersey was weakened because they had 
 more important business to attend to. The 
 fur trade of the Delaware had dwindled into 
 insignificance in comparison with the splen- 
 did spoils of conquest upon the sea and in 
 South America. The West India Company 
 in two years paid a dividend of fifty per 
 cent, from the capture by its ships, which 
 were duly commissioned as men-of-war, of 
 Spanish silver-laden galleons. It was the 
 era of Dutch supremacy on the ocean ; the 
 era also in which the canny and brave Hol- 
 landers invaded South America and, after the 
 capture of Bahia and Pernambuco, in Bra- 
 zil, aspired to the conquest of the whole 
 continent. The neglect to cultivate the field 
 open to them on the Delaware brought 
 about very momentous consequences, one of 
 which was no less than the entrance of the 
 Swedes. William Usselincx, the founder of 
 the company, was one of its very few mem- 
 bers who did not lose sight of the rich op- 
 portunitias on the Delaware in the successes 
 of Dutch victories elsewhere.. He made a 
 failure in endeavoring to bring his business 
 associates to his way of thinking, and in 
 1624 he abandoned them, and, transferring 
 his field of endeavor to Stockholm, inspired 
 that wise statesman, King Gustavus Adol- 
 phus, of Sweden, with the idea of forming a 
 Swedish West India Company. 
 
 Yet all the sagacity did not depart from 
 Holland when Usselincx went to visit the 
 Swedish King. John De Laet, Killian Van 
 Rensselaer, Samuel Godyn, Samuel Blom- 
 maert and other rich merchants of Amster- 
 dam had received word from Isaac De Ea- 
 sieres, secretary to Peter Minuet, predecessor 
 of Van Twiller as Governor of the New 
 Netherlands, that while the Dutch were 
 being compelled, through fear of the Indians, 
 to concentrate at New Amsterdam (New 
 York), there was a chance for a vast land 
 speculation on the Zuydt Eiver. They se- 
 cured from the States-General a feudal con- 
 stitution, which gave them great privileges of 
 
 land acquisition outside of Manhattan Island, 
 and they formed an agreement by which 
 Godyn and Blommaert became the proprie- 
 tors of a tract of land thirty-two miles long 
 and two miles deep, " from Cape Henlopeu 
 to the mouth of a river." They took into 
 partnership David Pietersen De Vries, and 
 in 1631 sent Captain Heyes to the Delaware 
 in the ship " Walrus." The latter established 
 on the Horekill Creek, where the town of 
 Lewes now stands, a colony called Swannen- 
 dael (the Valley of Swans), and constructed 
 Fort Oplandt for their protection. Heyes 
 placed Gilliss Hossett in command, and 
 then, crossing to the Jersey shore, bought 
 from ten chiefs there, on behalf of the Godyn 
 and Blommaert syndicate, a block of terri- 
 tory extending twelve miles northward along 
 the bay from Cape May, and the same dis- 
 tance inland. In May, 1632, De Vries was 
 ready to set sail from the Texel for the Del- 
 aware, when the news was brought him that 
 the garrison of Fort Oplandt, some thirty 
 men, had been massacred by the Indians. 
 Arriving off Swannendael in the following 
 December, he found it utterly destroyed, and 
 the remains of men and cattle mingled with 
 the charred fragments of the block-house and 
 palisade. He was told that an Indian chief 
 had stolen the Dutch coat-of-arms, erected in 
 front of the fort ; that, to appease the whites, 
 the Indians had brought them the head ot 
 the robber, and that the tribe, of which he 
 was a member, had slaughtered the colonists 
 in revenge. De Vries' journal demonstrates 
 that he placed no confidence in this story, 
 but explained the massacre by attributing to 
 the Dutch shocking perfidy and cruelty in 
 their dealings with the Indians, and in the 
 treatment of their squaws, that had provoked 
 the latter to inflict a fearful punishment.' 
 De Vries accepted this melancholy and 
 
 1 According to Aorelius and Onderdonek, the garri- 
 son remaining in Fort Nassau were also massacred by 
 the Indians when they slaughtered the people at Fort 
 Oplandt. 
 
20 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 sanguinary event as terminating for the time 
 being all schemes of colonization on the Del- 
 aware, but he did what he could to restore 
 confidence by negotiating the first treaty of 
 peace ever concluded with the Indians and 
 propitiating them with gifts. Trading with 
 them for furs as he advanced, he, on January 
 10, 1633, cast anchor on the bar of Jacques 
 Eylandt (Windmill Island), opposite where 
 the city of Camden is now built. For much 
 of the winter his ship was held in the river 
 by the ice, and when released, in March, he 
 ran down the coast to Virginia, and then re- 
 turning to the Delaware, embarked his com- 
 patriots along its shores and turned the prow 
 of his vessel homeward. Thus was relin- 
 quished the Dutch enterprise of colonization 
 on this stream, and Indian possession of it 
 remained unbroken until the Swedes came, 
 in 1 638, except for the occasional occupancy 
 of Fort Nassau by trading parties who came 
 southward from Manhattan. There remained 
 nothing to show for the ambitious efforts of 
 the West India Company except what little 
 profit had been made in the trade in furs. 
 
 The Swedes.— Upon the settlement of 
 the Swedes at Tinicum, under Governor 
 John Printz, a few families crossed to the 
 east side of the river and made a settlement 
 called Elfsburg, now in Elsinboro' township, 
 Salem County. Another settlement was 
 made on Raccoon Creek, in Gloucester Coun- 
 ty, where now the village of Swedesboro' 
 stands. This settlement became the chief 
 post on the east side of the Delaware. It 
 grew and prospered, and its people purchased 
 titles to the lands of the proprietors under 
 the grant to the Duke of York. A few 
 families of Swedes also settled at the mouth 
 of Woodbury Creek, but they remained there 
 only a few years. 
 
 In the limits of what is now Camden 
 County a few Swedes settled and remained 
 for a short time at Fort Eriwomac, after its 
 abandonment by the adherents of Sir Ed- 
 mund Ployden, and from that time, to the 
 
 occupancy of the territory under the grant 
 to the Duke of York, March 12, 1664, it 
 remained in the possession of the Indians. 
 A few Swedes remained in tlie lower part 
 of Gloucester County. 
 
 The English. — The occupancy of West 
 Jersey by the English was under Sir Edmund 
 Ployden, who, June 21, 1634, received a let- 
 ter from Charles I., King of England, for 
 all that territory lying between New Eng- 
 land and Maryland. In this, as in most 
 early grants, no regard was paid to previous 
 claims, and in 1664 it was entirely ignored 
 by the King in the grant to the Duke of 
 York. 
 
 The government of the territory under 
 the grant to Ployden was vested in him, and 
 he styled it the province of New Albion. 
 Some of his friends, among whom were Cap- 
 tain Young, Robert Evelyn and thirteen 
 traders, left England soon after the grant 
 was obtained, and sailed for the new territory. 
 They came up the Delaware River and landed 
 at the mouth of Pensaukin Creek (now 
 in Stockton township, Camden County), 
 where were living a few families of Indians 
 under a chief by the name of Eriwomac. At 
 this place a fort was built, which was named 
 Fort Eriwomac, where the settlers remained 
 four years, expecting that Ployden would 
 send over to them a colony of settlers. In 
 the meantime he formed a government in 
 England to take possession of the province. 
 A colony, in 1636, sailed up the Delaware 
 River about sixty miles, to near what is now 
 the town of Salem, and settled there. 
 
 A number of " Knights and Gentlemen " 
 chose Beauchamp Plantagenet to select a 
 site for them to establish a colony in New 
 Albion, and they were combined with Ploy- 
 den to raise the energies of the latter's com- 
 pany. To excite the greater interest, an 
 order of knighthood was instituted, whicli 
 should have for one of its objects the con- 
 version of the Indians to Christianity. Their 
 title was "The Albion Knights of the Con- 
 
EARLY COLONIAL HISTORY. 
 
 21 
 
 version of the Twenty-three Kings," the 
 designation having reference to the number 
 of Indian chiefs supposed to exercise sway 
 in the province. But this ambitious project 
 came to naught, and Ployden and Plantagenet 
 made no second visit to the Palatinate, as 
 New Albion was officially styled. Their 
 operations are by no means clearly recorded, 
 but what is positively known of them in- 
 vests them with a fascination for students of 
 the secrets of history. 
 
 The settlers at Fort Eriwomac became 
 disheartened in waiting for the earl, and 
 after four years abandoned the fort and 
 settled above and below it,^ along the shores 
 of the Delaware. 
 
 Evelyn soon returned to England and 
 wrote a glowing account of the country, 
 urging the earl to visit the country and 
 take with him "three hundred men or more, 
 as there is no doubt but that he may doe 
 very well and grow rich." Plantagenet 
 laid out the territory on the banks of the 
 Delaware into manors and named them 
 Watcessit. The manor embracing what is 
 now Salem County was chosen and set apart 
 for the earl. It was described by Plantag- 
 enet as being on " the Manteses plain, which 
 Master Evelyn voucheth to be twenty miles 
 broad and thirty long, and fifty miles 
 washed by two fair navigable rivers, of three 
 hundred thousand acres fit to plow and 
 sow corn, tobacco, flax and rice, the four 
 staples of Albion." Three miles from 
 Watcessit lay the domain of Lady Barbara, 
 Baroness of Richneck, adjoining Cotton 
 River (Alloway's Creek), " so named of six 
 hundred pound of cotton wilde on tree grow- 
 ing." The historian of Albion added that 
 this property was "of twenty- four miles 
 compasse, of wood, huge timber trees, and 
 two "feet black mould, much desired by the 
 Virginians to plant tobacco." The earl 
 came to the manor in 1641 and remained 
 
 *See history of Stockton toWDship, 
 
 here with him, and they " marched, lodged 
 and cabin ned together among the Indians" 
 for seven years. When he published his 
 book, in 1648, it was with the object of 
 furthering a project for the emigration of 
 the " viscounts, barons, baronets, knights, 
 gentlemen, merchants, adventurers and 
 planters of the hopeful colony," who had 
 bound themselves in England to settle three 
 thousand able, trained men in the Palatine's 
 domain. But they failed to fulfill their con- 
 tracts, perhaps because in the convulsions at 
 home that were forerunners of the execution 
 of Charles I. and the establishment of the 
 Protectorate under Cromwell, enterprises in 
 the New World were dwarfed out of sight. 
 Nothing more is known of Ployden and New 
 Albion, for a new class of contestants was 
 about to fill the stage. 
 
 New Jeesey Established. — The Duke 
 of York, on casting about for court favorites 
 high in rank and wealth to whom to assign 
 some fractions of the territorial succession 
 made him by thecrown, selected Lord Berkeley 
 and Sir George Carteret, to whom he convey- 
 ed the land specified as follows : 
 
 " This indenture made the three and twentieth 
 day of June, in the sixteenth year of the Eaigne 
 of our Sovereign Lord Charles the Second, by the 
 Grace of God of England, Scotland, France and 
 Ireland, King, Defender of the faith — Anno 
 Domine 1664. Between his Royal Highness James 
 Duke of York and Albany, Earl of Ulster, Lord 
 High Admiral of England and Ireland, Constable 
 of Dover Castle, Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports, 
 and Governor of Portsmouth of the one part ; 
 John Lord Berkeley, Baron of Stratton, and one 
 of his Majestie's most honorable Privy Council ; 
 and Sir George Carteret of Sattrum, in the county 
 of Devon, Knight, and one of his Majestie's most 
 honorable Privy Council, of the other part, Wit- 
 nesseth that said James Duke of York, for and in 
 consideration of the sum of ten shillings of lawful 
 money of England, to him in hand paid, by these 
 presents doth bargain and sell unto the said John 
 Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret, all that 
 tract of land adjacent to New England, and lying 
 and being to the westward of Long Island: Bound- 
 ed on the east part by the main sea, and part by 
 Hudsoa's River, and hath upon the west Delaware 
 
22 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Bay or Eiver, and extendetli southward to the 
 main ocean as far as Cape May, at the mouth of 
 the Delaware Bay, and to the northward as far as 
 the northernmost branch of said Bay or Eiver 
 of Delaware, which is in forty-one degrees and 
 forty minutes of latitude, and worketh over thence 
 a straight line to Hudson's River — which said tract 
 of land is hereafter to be called by the name or names 
 of Nova Csesareaor New Jersey." 
 
 The name was given in honor of Sir 
 George Carteret, who in 1649 was Governor 
 of the Isle of Jersey, and had made a most 
 gallant defense of it for the Royalists. He 
 was treasurer of the navy and vice-chamber- 
 lain of the King's household under the 
 Restoration. Being detected in peculation, 
 he was eventually expelled from the House 
 of Commons in 1669. 
 
 The grant to Berkeley and Carteret was a 
 conveyance of the powers of government as 
 well as of the rights of property, and they 
 thus became rulers as well as owners of the 
 country. On February 10, 1664, they issued 
 the first Constitution of New Jersey, which 
 continued in force until the province was di- 
 vided, in 1676. It was entitled '•' The Con- 
 cession and Agreement of the Lords Propri- 
 etors of the Province of New Csesarea or New 
 Jersey to and with all and every of the ad- 
 venturers and all such as shall settle or plant 
 there." It provided for a government com- 
 posed of a Governor and Council and 
 General Assembly. The Governor was ap- 
 pointed by the Proprietors and he selected 
 six Councillors at least or twelve at most, or 
 any even number between six and twelve. 
 These constituted the General Assembly, with 
 the addition of a representative body to be 
 chosen by the people, as follows : So soon as 
 the proprietors' commission should be re- 
 ceived in the province, a writ should be is- 
 sued by the Governor for the election of 
 twelve deputies by such inhabitants as were 
 freemen or the chief agents of others. But 
 so soon as parishes or other divisions of the 
 province should be made, the inhabitants or 
 freeholders of the several divisions should by 
 
 writ meet on each 1st of January and choose 
 freeholders for each respective division, to be 
 deputies or representatives of the same, which 
 body of representatives, or a major part of 
 them, should, with the Governor and the 
 Council, compose the General Assembly. 
 Of the general scope of the form of govern- 
 ment tlius set up, Dr. Mulford, in his " His- 
 tory of New Jersey," says, — 
 
 " It embodied many of the principl&s which be- 
 long to the most liberal institutions. It gave 
 entire exemption to the people from all taxation, 
 except such as their representatives should as- 
 sent to, and as a further security of property, it 
 gave to the Assembly the full control over all 
 the expenditures of government. Freedom of 
 conscience and worship was secured to every one 
 who should conduct himself as a peaceable citi- 
 zen. The lands of the province were distributed 
 to the settlers for a quit-rent of half a penny per 
 acre, not to be paid until 1670. Justice was to be 
 administered by tribunals erected under popular 
 authority, and an additional security against the 
 arbitrary exercise of power was given by the con- 
 cession of an unlimited privilege of appeal or pe- 
 tition. . . . By the increase of numbers in the 
 representative branch of the General Assembly 
 the popular element would have finally acquired a 
 degree of strength that must have given it a con- 
 trolling influence, but the actual working of the 
 plan did not entirely agree with its general the- 
 ory." 
 
 Simultaneously with signing the " Conces- 
 sions," the proprietors appointed Philip Cart- 
 eret, a brother of Sir George, Governor of 
 New Jersey, and in August, 1665, he landed 
 at a place to which he gave the name of 
 Elizabeth, in honor of his sister-in-law, 
 Lady Carteret. This was the first perma- 
 nent settlement in the province. He found 
 trouble on his hands at the moment of his 
 arrival. Colonel Nicho.Us, who had been 
 placed in charge of affairs at New York by 
 the Duke of York, had already exerted au- 
 thority over New Jersey, which he had 
 named Albania, and under his plan of settle- 
 ment, parties had acquired from the Indians 
 titles to the Elizabethtown tract and the 
 Monmouth patent, which later was the foun- 
 
EARLY COLONIAL HISTORY. 
 
 23 
 
 dation of Middletown and Shrewsbury. He 
 entertained exalted notions of what he might 
 accomplish in "Albania" and argued flu- 
 ently with the duke for the revocation of the 
 Berkeley and Carteret grant, and while he was 
 compelled to surrender New Jersey, he sowed 
 the seeds of ultimate dissension and confu- 
 sion, but he could not prevent Philip Carteret 
 
 BOUNDARY MAP OF EAST AND WEST JERSEY. 
 
 from taking possession of the new settlement. 
 Elizabethtown was made the capital of the 
 colony ; Newark was founded ; flourishing 
 hamlets appeared on the shores of the bay as 
 far south as Saudy Hook. 
 
 From July 30, 1673, to February 9, 1674, 
 New Jersey was again in the possession of 
 the Dutch, in consequence of the surrender 
 of New York to the Dutch fleet. They had 
 just put a government in Achter Kol, as 
 
 they named the province, on a working basis 
 when the treaty of peace between England 
 and Holland restored the country to the 
 former. King Charles II. issued a new 
 patent to the Duke of York, covering the 
 same territory as that of 1663, and the duke 
 executed a new conveyance to Sir George 
 Carteret, Lord Berkeley having, on March 18, 
 1673, sold the whole of his right and title to 
 the province. But just previous to making 
 the deed to Carteret, the duke gave a com- 
 mission to Edmund Andros as Grovernor of 
 the whole country from " the west side of 
 Connecticut River to the east side of Dela- 
 ware Bay;" and this duplicity of the 
 
 WILLIAM PENN'S COAT OF ARMS. 
 
 duke's, the exactions of Andros and the 
 sale made by Berkeley gave rise to much 
 trouble. Carteret defended his claim against 
 Andros, but Berkeley sold his interest in New 
 Jersey to John Fenwick, to be held in trust 
 for Edward Byllynge. 
 
 Philip Carteret, in 1671, resumed the gov- 
 ernment of the province. He was opposed 
 in every act by Andros, who kept the colony 
 in an uproar. Carteret was finally arrested 
 and taken to New York for trial. In the 
 mean time Byllinge made an assignment of 
 his property to William Penn, Gawen Laurie 
 and Nicholas Lucas, who were prominent mem- 
 bers of the Society of Friends in England. 
 
24 
 
 HISTOKY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Penn and his associates applied to Sir George 
 Carteret and secured assent for a division of 
 New Jersey so that the interests of the Friends 
 and that of Carteret would be separate. The 
 line of division was drawn from the south- 
 ern point of land on the east side of Little 
 Egg Harbor to a point on the Delaware in 
 the latitude of forty-one degrees and forty 
 minutes. The part east of the line remained 
 to Sir George Carteret as sole proprietor and 
 was named " East New Jersey." The part 
 lying between the line and the Delaware was 
 called " West New Jersey " and passed under 
 the control of William Penn and his associ- 
 ates. 
 
 Governors of New Jersey — Chrono- 
 logical List. 
 
 GOVERNORS OF EAST JERSEY. 
 
 Philip Carteret 1665 to 1681 
 
 Robert Berkeley 1682 to 1685 
 
 Thomas Rudyard, Deputy-Gov 1683 
 
 Gawen Lawrie 1683 
 
 Lord Niel Campbell 1685 
 
 Andrew Hamilton 1692 to 1697 
 
 Jeremiah Basse 1698 to 1699 
 
 GOVERNORS OF WEST JERSEY. 
 
 Samuel Jennings, Deputy 1681 
 
 ThomasOliver, Governor 1684 to 1685 
 
 John Skein, Deputy 1685 to 1687 
 
 William Welsh, Deputy 1686 
 
 Daniel Coxe 1687 
 
 Andrew Hamilton , 1692 to 1697 
 
 Jeremiah Basse, Deputy 1697 to 1699 
 
 Andrew Hamilton, Governor 1699 till surrender 
 to the Crown in 1702. 
 
 EAST AND WEST JERSEY UNITED. 
 
 Lord John Cornbury, Gov 1703 to 1708 
 
 John Lovelace (died in office) 1708 
 
 Lichard Ingolsby, Lieut.-Gov 1709 to 1710 
 
 Gen. Andrew Hunter 1710 to 1720 
 
 William Burnet 1720 to 1727 
 
 .John Montgomery 1728 to 1731 
 
 Lewis Morris 1731 to 1732 
 
 William Crosby 1732 to 1736 
 
 John Hamilton 1736 to 1738 
 
 The above were also Governors of New York at 
 the same time. 
 
 SEPARATE FROM NEW YORK. 
 
 LewisMorris 1738 to 1746 
 
 John Hamilton. 1746 to 1747 
 
 Jonathan Belcher 1747 to 1757 
 
 John Reading 1757 to 1758 
 
 Francis Barnard 1758 to 1760' 
 
 Thomas Boone 1760 to 1761 
 
 Thomas Hardy 1761 to 1763 
 
 William Franklin 1763 to 1766 
 
 REVOLUTIONARY AND STATE GOVERNMENT. 
 
 William Livingston 1776. to 1790 
 
 William Patterson 1790 to 1792 
 
 Richard Howell 1792 to 1801 
 
 John Lambert, Vice-Pres. of Council 1802 to 1803 
 
 .Joseph Bloomfield 1803 to 1812 
 
 Aaron Ogden 1812 to 1813 
 
 William S. Pennington 1813 to 1815 
 
 Mahlon Dickerson 1815 to 1817 
 
 Isaac H. Williamson 1817 to 1829 
 
 Garret D. Wall (declined) 1829 
 
 Peter D. Vroom 1829 to 1832 
 
 Samuel Southard 1832 to Feb., 1833 
 
 Elias P. Seeley 1833 to 1834 
 
 Peter D. Vroom 1835 to 1836 
 
 Philemon Dickerson .' 1836 to 1837 
 
 William Pennington 1837 to 1843 
 
 Daniel Haines 1843 to 1844 
 
 UNDER NEW CONSTITUTION. 
 
 Charles C. Stratton 1845 to 1848 
 
 Daniel Haines 1848 to 1851 
 
 George F. Fort 1851 to 1854 
 
 Rodman M. Price 1854 to 1857 
 
 William A. Newell 1857 to 1860 
 
 Charles S. Olden 1860 to 1863 
 
 Joel Parker.. 1863 to 1866 
 
 Marcus L. Ward 1866 to 1868 
 
 Theodore F.Randolph 1869 to 1872 
 
 Joel Parker 1872 to 1875 
 
 Joseph D. Bedle 1875 to 1878 
 
 Gen. George B. McClellan 1878 to 1881 
 
 George C. Ludlow 1881 to 1884 
 
 Leon Abbett 1884 to 1887 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 THE FRIENDS IN WEST .lERSEY. 
 
 Nearly all of the people who lived on the 
 territory now embraced within the county of 
 Camden and of the most part of West Jersey, 
 for one hundred years after the first settlement 
 was made, were members of the Society of 
 
a- 
 
 (The Duke of York— James II.) 
 
 (Sir John- Berkeley, Prope. 
 
 WW) 
 
 Gov. p. Carteret. 
 
 ^T^zJ^KT/ 
 
 (Sir Edmund Andros.) 
 
 (Edward Hyde, Lord Viscount Cornbury.) 
 
 ^Mi/^ 
 
 T 
 
 (Gov. Robert Barclay.) 
 
 ■P4r<-^n, yiJL(7a. 
 
 
 CUiA. 
 
 (Thomas Codrington, Prope.) 
 
 (Lord Neill Campbell. 
 
 (Robert Vauqubllin, Pkopk.) 
 
26 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Friends. They were the representative people 
 of the western division of the colony and 
 for many years controlled the Legislative 
 Assembly. Their history in this province, as 
 well as in that of Pennsylvania, is fraught with 
 much interest and instruction. 
 
 The Society of Feiends, or Quakers, 
 arose in England about the middle of the sev- 
 enteenth century, a time of considerable reli- 
 gious excitement, when the honest-hearted were 
 aroused by the general prevalence of vice and 
 immorality in which the King and court were 
 butexamples. The term Quaker (i.e., Trembler) 
 was first used in 1650, and was given to the 
 Friends in derision by Justice Bennet, of 
 Derby, because George Fox, the founder of 
 the society, bade him and his companions to 
 tremble at the word of the Lord. Its appli- 
 cation was further induced by the fact that 
 some of the early preachers and others trem- 
 bled violently when under strong religious 
 exercise. They even accepted the name 
 Quaker, so far as to style themselves " the 
 people called Quakers " in all official docu- 
 ments intended for publication to the world 
 at large. The early form of marriage cer- 
 tificates contained the expression " the people 
 of God called Quakers," but in 1734 the 
 Yearly Meeting for Pennsylvania and New 
 Jersey agreed " that ye words ' of God ' and 
 'called Quakers ' be left out of that form for 
 the future." In 1806 the expression was 
 changed to the " religious society of Friends." 
 Some of their principal characteristics, as 
 diffisring from other professing Christians, 
 was in opposition to all wars, oaths and a 
 paid ministry, or grace of God, which is 
 given to every man as a guide to salvation. 
 George Fox says, moreover, " When the Lord 
 sent me forth into the world, he forbade me 
 to put off my hat to any one, high or low, 
 and I was required to thee and thou all men 
 and women, without any respect to rich or 
 poor, great or small, and this made the sex 
 and professions to rage, but the Lord's power 
 carried me over all to His glory, and many 
 
 came to be turned to God in a little time, 
 for the heavenly day of the Lord sprang 
 from on high and broke forth apace." 
 
 For refusing to pay tithes in England, the 
 goods of Friends were taken to many times 
 the value ; for absence from the natioual 
 worship twenty pounds per month was im- 
 posed, and when brought before the courts, 
 the oath of allegiance was tendered to them 
 as a pretext, upon their refusal to disobey the 
 injunction "swear not at all," for the impo- 
 sition of further penalties. Meetings of the 
 Friends were broken up, and in many cases 
 they were shamefully abused. The sober; 
 upright lives of Friends were a constant re- 
 proach, and aroused the hatred of many 
 around them. It is probable that fully one- 
 half of their sufferings were due to this 
 cause, as their persecutors certainly cared lit- 
 tle for religion. 
 
 In 1659 a petition was presented to Parlia- 
 ment, signed by one hundred and sixty-four 
 Friends, offering their own bodies, person for 
 person, to lie in prison instead of such of their 
 brethren as were under confinement and in 
 danger as of theii- lives therefrom. More 
 than two hundred and fifty died in prison, 
 and while some in England were sentenced to 
 banishment, it was only in New England 
 that a few were hung and others had their 
 ears cut off. 
 
 Their Emigratk^n to America. — Per- 
 secutions were continued with more or less 
 severity until the accession of William and 
 Mary to the throne of England, when an act 
 of toleration was passed in 1689. Prior to 
 this, however, many Friends had sought a 
 home for religious liberty in Massachusetts, 
 Long Island and New Jersey, and when 
 William Penn established his colony, in 1682, 
 it was but natural that a large number 
 should have been attracted thither. The first 
 settlement of Friends in New Jersey was at 
 Salem in 1676, and at Burlington in 1678. 
 
 A few of the early settlers within the 
 present limits of Camden County came here 
 
THE FRIENDS IN WEST JERSEY. 
 
 27 
 
 frbm Burlington settlement, and from that 
 source obtained authority for the organization 
 of their religious meetings.^ 
 
 The little notice taken of the interests of 
 William Penn in New Jersey and of his con- 
 nection with the initiatory stepsfor colonizing 
 the territory and establishing a form of gov- 
 ernment, is a noticeable feature in the writ- 
 ings of his biographers. This may be ac- 
 counted for by the willingness of his admir- 
 ers to subordinate everything to his success- 
 ful efforts in founding a colony of his own, 
 which soon overshadowed the sparse settle- 
 ments on the east side of the Delaware River, 
 which had been planted by and were under 
 the patronage of John Fen wick. It was more 
 than seven years before he received the grant 
 for Pennsylvania that Penn became interested 
 in the effort to establish in America a colony 
 where Friends could enjoy with freedom the 
 dictates of their conscience. 
 
 ' Plans of Obganization. — The organization and 
 subordination of the Meetings of Friends are as follows : 
 One or more Meetings for worship constitute one Pre- 
 parative Meeting ; one or more Preparative Meetings 
 constitute one Monthly Meeting ; several Monthly Meet- 
 ings constitute one Quarterly Meeting ; several Quarterly 
 meetings constitute one Yearly Meeting, which is an in- 
 dependent body ; yet the different T early Meetings 
 maintain more or less of correspondence with each 
 other. 
 
 The Preparative Meetings are held monthly, and 
 generally in the month prior to the regular Monthly 
 Meetings, for the preparation of reports and other busi- 
 ness to be presented thereat. The Monthly Meetings 
 are the principal executive branch of the Society for the 
 exercise of the discipline over members. Regular and 
 voluminous reports of the proceedings are recorded, as 
 well as records of births, deaths and marriages. " In- 
 dulged " Meetings for stated periods are held by sanc- 
 tion of Monthly Meetings ; but all Meetings subordinate 
 to are established permanently by authority of the 
 Quarterly Meetings, and these in turn by the Yearly 
 meeting. 
 
 The first Meeting established in what is now Camden 
 County was the old Newton Meeting. There are at 
 present four meetings in the county,— -Haddonfield 
 Meeting, Newton Meeting and Hicksite Friends' Meet- 
 ings in Haddonfield and in Camden. Sketches of each 
 of them are given in the history of the places in which 
 they wre situated. 
 
 When Lord Berkeley (on March 18, 1673), 
 as mentioned in the preceding chapter, con- 
 veyed to John Fenwick his individual moi- 
 ety of New Jersey, for reasons which do not 
 appear, the right was questioned by the cred- 
 itors of Edward Byllynge, a brewer of West- 
 minster, London, at that time insolvent, they 
 suspecting that Edward Byllynge had paid 
 for the grant with money justly due to them. 
 After much controversy between John Fen- 
 wick, Edward Byllynge and Edward Byl- 
 lynge's creditors, William Penn was called 
 upon to act as arbitrator ; who, after careful 
 examination and inquiry, decided that John 
 Fenwick was entitled to but ten parts, and 
 that he (Fenwick) should convey the ninety 
 parts of said territory to such persons as 
 should be chosen as trustees for the benefit 
 of Edward Byllynge's creditors. Thecreditors, 
 who were mostly Friends, pressed Penn into 
 their service as one of the trustees in the sale 
 of these lands and iu the payment of Byl- 
 lynge's debts, the others being Gawen Lau- 
 rie and Nicholas Lucas. On February 9, 
 1674, John Fenwick made conveyance of the 
 ninety parts to said trustees, reserving ten 
 parts whereon was planted his colony. In 
 the discharge of the intricate duties which 
 his position as trustee imposed upon him, 
 Penn's sense of justice and fair dealing was 
 often displayed, as were also his foresight and 
 business penetration. The records of the 
 times prove that while thus engaged he ren- 
 dered many valuable services not incident to 
 his stewardship, and also helped to frame a 
 form of government acceptable to adventur- 
 ' ers, that met the wishes of the owners as 
 well. 
 
 During these days the leading and more 
 thoughtful members of the Society of Friends 
 were casting about them for some " new 
 country " where the adherents to their relig- 
 ious belief could be at peace, and where their 
 persons and estates would be secure from the 
 hands of those who, under the color of law, 
 excused their shameless persecutions. " The 
 
28 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 plantations in America," as heretofore stated, 
 were attracting some attention, and the re- 
 ports from there as to climate and soil were 
 good. William Penn was at that time a 
 prominent and influential member of the So- 
 ciety, and being one of the trustees of Byl- 
 lynge, New Jersey was naturally looked to as 
 the spot where their wishes could be real- 
 ized, and in its settlement they became inter- 
 ested. 
 
 The primary object was to sell the land to 
 colonists, or the debts of Edward Byllynge 
 could never be discharged, and to prompt 
 Friends to avail themselves of the opportun- 
 ity which now offered, a form of government 
 had to be established and promulgated em- 
 bodying the fundamentals sought for, but not 
 so much at variance with the home policy as 
 to be rejected by those in authority. This 
 was a delicate task, and yet a necessary one, 
 for this wilderness country had few induce- 
 ments to cause people to break up their homes 
 and settle here. Passing over the Concessions 
 and Agreements published by Berkeley and 
 Carteret, in 1 664, as applied to the whole 
 territory of New Jersey, "The Concessions 
 and Agreements of the proprietors, freehold- 
 ers and inhabitants of the province of West 
 New Jersey in America," as made in 1676, 
 show the success of William Penn and his 
 associates in their first efforts to establish the 
 true basis of a representative government by 
 placing the fountain of power in the people. 
 
 These " concessions," contained in forty- 
 four chapters, are the best evidence of the 
 broad views and liberal sentiments of the 
 framers whose object was to secure those who ' 
 came within their operation and control 
 against the encroachments and abuses from 
 which they were then suffering. No one can 
 read them without being convinced that men 
 of strong minds and decided purpose only 
 could so well put their intentions into words. 
 Touching the vital question of taxation 
 the subject was met in this plain and direct 
 manner : 
 
 " They are not to impose, or suffer to be 
 imposed, any tax, custom or subsidy, tollage, 
 assessment, or any other duty whatsoever, 
 upon any color or pretence, how specious 
 soever, upon the said province and inhabit- 
 ants thereof, without their own consent first 
 had, or other than what shall be imposed by 
 the authority and consent of the General As- 
 sembly, and that only in manner and for the 
 good ends and uses as aforesaid." 
 
 And again, that of " the exercise of their 
 consciences in matters of religious worship," 
 is neither vague nor ambiguous. 
 
 " That no man, nor number of men upon 
 earth, hath power or authority to rule over 
 men's consciences in religious matters; there- 
 fore it is consented, agreed and ordained that 
 no person or persons whatsoever within said 
 province at any time or times hereafter, shall 
 be any ways, upon any pretence whatever 
 called in question, or in the least punished 
 or hurt, either in person, estate or privilege, 
 for the sake of his opinion, judgment, faith 
 or worship towards God in matters of relig- 
 ion, but that all and every such person and 
 persons may from time to time and at all 
 times freely and fully have and enjoy his and 
 their judgments, and the exercise of their 
 consciences in matters of religious worship 
 throughout all the said province." 
 
 In these "concessions and agreements " al- 
 most every detail necessary to the proper 
 working of a new system was anticipated 
 and provided for, and, as was demonstrated, it 
 only needed a sufficient number of settlers in 
 the colony to warrant its success. 
 
 To say that William Penn had neither 
 part nor lot in the production of this docu- 
 ment would be to ignore all knowledge of , 
 the man, and his subsequent life of useful- 
 ness devoted always to the advancement and 
 benefit of his fellow-creatures.^ 
 
 1 William Penn afterwards became proprietor of the 
 ProTinoe of Pennsylvania, and with his further history 
 every intelligent reader is familiar. After a life of 
 great usefulness, he died on the 30th day of the Fifth 
 Month, 1718, in the 74th year of his age. His remains, , 
 
THE FRIENDS IN WEST JERSEY. 
 
 29 
 
 Not one of the New England States, nor 
 New York nor A^irginia was quite equal to 
 West New Jersey in its love and practice of 
 perfect religious toleration. Under the dom- 
 inant ideas of the Friends governing here, 
 no man was asked for or about his creed 
 when offering himself as a candidate for 
 public office. Never before, anywhere else 
 that we know of, was there set to the world 
 such an example of absolute and harmless 
 toleration. The Puritans did noble things 
 for liberty; the Hollanders did nobler; but 
 the Friends, as far as their influ- 
 ence extended, did noblest. 
 
 The authors of this remarkable 
 Constitution addressed the Society 
 of Friends of Eno-land, recom- 
 mending the province, and invited 
 them to emigrate to it. The in- 
 vitation was not in vain, and before 
 the end of the year 1677 a colony 
 of more than four hundred Friends 
 found homes in West Jersey, and 
 many more during the years im- 
 mediately succeeding. When the 
 ships bearing the Burlington im- 
 migrants in the year l(j78, arrived 
 in the Delaware the agent of An- 
 dros, at New Castle, required them 
 to pay duties at that point, but 
 Sir William Jones decided this to 
 be illegal, and the claims of the Duke of York 
 on West Jersey were then withdrawn and 
 the Friends were left in the full enjoyment of 
 independence. In November, 1689, Samuel 
 Jennings, the Deputy-Governor of West Jer- 
 sey, convened the first General Assembly, 
 and the Friends met together to make their 
 own laws. They reaffirmed the Concessions, 
 declared all races and religions equal, forbade 
 imprisonment for debt and the sale of ardent 
 spirits to the red men, demanded that lands 
 be acquired from the Indians by purchase, 
 
 were interred in the burying-ground surrounding Jor- 
 dans Friends' Meeting-Hou-ie in Bucliinghamshire, Eng- 
 land. 
 
 and permitted that a criminal might be par- 
 doned by the person against whom the offense 
 was committed. 
 
 William Penn and eleven other Friends pur- 
 chased the province of East Jersey in 1682. 
 Robert Barclay, of Scotland, author of a book 
 entitled " Barclay's Apology," was appointed 
 Governor for life, and the whole of New 
 Jersey was then controlled by the Friends. 
 During Barclay's administration there" was a 
 largeimmigration of Scotch and Irish Friends, 
 who came to this province to find freedom. 
 
 WILLIAM PENN'S BUEIAL PLACE. 
 
 The first settlers of these people who pur- 
 chased lands in what is now Camden Coun- 
 ty, obtained shares in the proprietary right 
 of Edward Byllyiige's trustees about 1677, 
 and a few years later they came to this coun- 
 ty and located. The line fixed between 
 East and West Jersey, July 1, 1676, pro- 
 vided that the territory of the province be 
 laid off into ten precincts, which, however, 
 were not so laid off until January 14,1681, 
 old style. At that time Daniel Leeds was 
 surveyor-general of the Province and was or- 
 dered by the commissioners to divide the 
 river-front of the Delaware from Assanpink 
 to Cape May into ten equal parts, running 
 
30 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 each tenth "so far back into the woods" as 
 to give it an area of sixty-four thousand 
 acres. This was accomplished, and the third 
 and fourth tenths extended from the river 
 Crapwell, or Pensaukin Creek, on the north 
 to the river Berkeley, or Oldmaus Creek, on 
 the south ; each of the tenths laid out as above 
 mentioned were also divided into tenths, 
 and were each called a share of propriety. 
 Many of the Society of Friends had fled from 
 the persecutions to which they were subjected 
 in England to Dublin, Ireland, and their at- 
 tention was attracted to the new country by 
 the exciting troubles between Edward Byl- 
 lynge and John Fen wick, and on the 12th of 
 April, 1677, Robert Turner, Robert Zane, 
 Thomas Thackara, William Bates and Joseph 
 Sleight, all of Dublin, with the exception of 
 Williaai Bates, who was of the county of 
 Wickloe, Ireland, purchased one whole share 
 of propriety of the trustees of Byllynge, 
 which included the right to locate within the 
 limits of West Jersey. The proprietors of 
 West Jersey then set aside for this colony of 
 Friends the third tenth, which was from that 
 time called the third or Irish tenth.' In the 
 years 1681-82 it was provided that each 
 tenth on which there were settlements should 
 send to the Assembly ten delegates. The 
 third or Irish tenth having at this time 
 passed to the occupancy of the Dublin col- 
 ony, seven of them were chosen to represent 
 the district, viz. : William Cooper, Mark 
 Newbie, Henry Stacy, Francis Collins, Sam- 
 uel Cole, Thomas Howell and William 
 Bates. The fourth tenth was not represented, 
 as few, if any, English people were at that 
 time within its limits. This Assembly met 
 yearly until 1685, when, by reason of con- 
 fusion arising from the attempt of Byllynge 
 to assume the government, the Assembly did 
 not meet again until November 3, 1692. 
 From the first landing of the Dutch, in 
 
 1 A further account of the settlement of this colony 
 will Ije found in the history of Haddon township, in this 
 volume. 
 
 1623, to 1682 no permanent settlement of 
 the English had been effected within the lim- 
 its of what is now Camden County. The 
 foregoing has brought us down to the time 
 when the inhabitants of the third tenth and 
 fourth tenth in the Province of West Jersey 
 was represented in the Legislative Council of 
 the Slate, from which time begins the early 
 history of old Gloucester County, as given in 
 the succeeding pages. 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 EARLY HISTORY OF OLD GLOUCESTER. 
 
 The preceding chapter described the royal 
 grants and the occupation under them, of the 
 Dutch, the Swedes and the English, from 
 the grant of 1621 to the settlement of the 
 Dublin colony on the third or Irish tenth, 
 which comprised the territory now embraced 
 i in Camden County. Soon after the meeting 
 of the Assembly in November, 1685, the 
 proprietors, freeholders and inhabitants of 
 the third and fourth tenths, who had been 
 subjected to many inconveniences for the 
 transaction of public business by reason of 
 the distance from the county-seat of Burling- 
 ton and Salem, met at Arwames (Gloucester 
 Point), pursuant to public notice, on the 26th 
 of May, 1686, during the administration of 
 Governor Samuel Jennings, and, after much 
 discussion and mature deliberation, adopted 
 a Constitution for the government of the ter- 
 ritory lying between Pensauken Creek and 
 Oldmans Creek, it being the third and 
 fourth tenths, to which they gave the name 
 Gloucester County ; it thus became the only 
 county in West Jersey organized directly 
 through the action of its own people. This 
 Constitution provided for the holding of courts 
 at Gloucester and Red Bank, and for the elec- 
 tion of county officers. It also prescribed the 
 details of legal practice and provided for the 
 recording of the marks of hogs and cattle. The 
 
EARLY HISTORY OF OLD GLOUCESTER. 
 
 31 
 
 erection of Gloucester County by the authority 
 of the inhabitants within its bounds was con- 
 firmed by the General Assembly of the prov- 
 ince in 1694. Its boundaries were not defi- 
 nitely defined and it is evident from an act 
 of Assembly, passed the same year the erec- 
 tion of the county was confirmed, that it did 
 not extend to the sea-coast, as the act referred 
 to provides that the few settlers residing at 
 Egg Harbor shall be under jurisdiction of 
 Gloucester County until there shall be a suf- 
 ficient number to constitute a county. In 
 January, 1709, an act was passed more 
 clearly defining the county boundaries, and 
 in that act Egg Harbor and its vicinity were 
 embraced in Gloucester County. Its bounds 
 were given as follows: "Gloucester County 
 begins at the mouth of Pensaukin Creek; 
 thence up the same to the fork thereof; thence 
 along the bounds of Burlington County to 
 the sea ; thence along the sea-coast to Great 
 Egg Harbor River ; thence up said river to 
 the fork thereof; thence up the southernmost 
 and greatest branch of the same to the head 
 thereof; thence in a direct line to the head of 
 Oldmans Creek ; thence down the same to 
 the Delaware River to the place of begin- 
 ning." In 1837 Atlantic County was erected, 
 as contemplated in the act of 1694, out of 
 the sea-coast townships, and in 1844 the 
 townships of Camden, Waterford, Newton, 
 Union, Delaware, Gloucester and Washing 
 ton, then constituting a part of Gloucester 
 County, were erected into the new county of 
 Camden, which was named after the city de- 
 signed to be its county-seat. 
 
 Extracts from Gloucester County 
 Records.— The first court for the original 
 county of Gloucester was held at Glqucester 
 in September, 1686, with Justices Francis 
 Collins, Thomas Thackara and John Wood 
 on the bench. The sheriff's jury list included 
 the names of William Hunt, William Bates, 
 William Alvertson, William Lovejoy, Henry 
 Wood, Jonathan Wood, John Hugg, James 
 Atkinson, Thomas Sharp, Thomas Chaun- 
 
 ders, George Goldsmith, John Ladde, Daniel 
 Reading, John Ithel, John Bethell, Thomas 
 Matthews, William Dalboe, Anthony Neil- 
 son, John Matson, Thomas Bull, John Tay- 
 lor, William Salisbury, Matthew Medcalfe 
 and William Cooper. The findings of this 
 court are evidence that after the adoption of 
 the Arwames Constitution the people of 
 Gloucester County considered themselves an 
 independent government, with the power to 
 levy taxes, fix boundaries, etc. The Decem- 
 ber court at Gloucester in 1687 presented 
 two BurlingtoQ officers for conveying accused 
 persons out of its jurisdiction for trial at 
 Burlington, and compelled one of them to 
 make apology. This difficulty was caused by 
 a dispute concerning county boundaries. The 
 grand jury, at the February Session of the 
 court for the same year, ordered the first tax 
 to be laid, levying a shilling for every hun- 
 dred acres of land, two pence for each head 
 of cattle, a tax of two pence on each freeman 
 having neither land nor cattle and an addi- 
 tional head tax of one shilling on all men not 
 possessed of such property. Taxes were 
 made payable in money or produce, and an 
 increase in double the amount could be dis- 
 trained for in case of delinquency. Taxes 
 continued to be laid by the grand jury till 
 1694, when the power was vested by Pro- 
 vincial Assembly in a quorum of the county 
 justices, " with the advice, concurrence and 
 assistance" of the grand jury. In 1713 
 this power was vested in the justices and 
 chosen freeholders, where it remained until 
 the organization of the Board of Freeholders 
 of the members from each township, on Feb- 
 ruary 13, 1798. From a taxing act passed 
 in 1750 it appears that there were then in 
 the county fourteen stores and shops, twenty- 
 seven mills, five ferries and more than 
 twenty-five taverns. 
 
 The first murder trial was a case of infan- 
 ticide which occurred in 1701, but the court 
 record does not show what penalty was 
 inflicted on the defendant. 
 
32 
 
 HISTORY OF DAMPEN COUTSTTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 The case was tried by the Governor, Lord 
 Cornbury, in person, and on December 19th 
 the following record was made : 
 
 " We, the Grand Jury of the County of Glouces- 
 ter, doe order eighteen pence to by twelve bushels 
 of charcoal for the prisoner, and two pounds two 
 sh'.Dings to by three match coats for the prisoner's 
 use so long as she hath occasion for it, and then 
 to be reserved for the County's use. We allow 
 seven shillings and sixpence to the clerk for five 
 warrants to the collector to gather the above tax. 
 We further allow Matthew Metcalfe twelve shil- 
 lings and six pence for defraying the Lord Corn- 
 bury's retinue's expenses when he was lately at 
 Gloucester, and six shillings to John Siddons for 
 a Coffin for the murthered child, and six shillings 
 more'we allow him by discount of his old tax in 
 1694 for bringing the Justices and Coroner to 
 Gloster. We allow eight pounds four shillings and 
 four pence for defraying the Lord Cornbury's and ^ 
 his attendance's expences when he was lately at 
 Gloucester." 
 
 Among the earliest marriages recorded in 
 the county was that of Samuel Taylor and 
 Elizabeth Ward, on January 13, 1687, and 
 George Ward and Hannah Waynwright, on 
 November 17, 1697. The first birth re- 
 corded was that of the child of John and 
 Jane Burroughs, of Gloucester River, March 
 14, 1687. 
 
 The earliest recorded meeting of justices 
 and freeholders was held on the 5th day of 
 the Second Month, 1715. The justices pres- 
 ent M'ere Richard Bull, John Inskeep, 
 George Lawrence and John Rambo ; the 
 freeholders, John Kaighn, Peter Long, John 
 Ladd, Jacob Clement, Joseph Cooper, Jaco- 
 bus Collin and John Shivers. They pro- 
 vided for the building of a new prison and 
 court-house by a tax of eighty pounds, and 
 made another levy of fifteen pounds to pay 
 bounties for the destruction of wolves, pan- 
 thers and red foxes. The sum of thirty 
 pounds was ordered raised in 1716 for the 
 same purposes, and in 1717 the board levied 
 a tax of ten pounds for completing the 
 prison, twenty pounds for wolves, panthers 
 and red foxes, and seventy pounds for Tim- 
 
 ber Creek bridge.. Assessors, collectors and 
 commissioners were appointed to carry the 
 action of the board into effect. At the 
 meeting of November 1, 1721, the sheriff, 
 Josiah Kay, was allowed James More's 
 horse, saddle and brass pistol for executing 
 the man, who seems to have been convicted 
 of highway robbery, and £9 8s. for 
 executing Christiana Boff, the murderer 
 of her child. In the minutes of the 
 board on May 3, 1750, Samuel Harrison, 
 the sheriff, brought in a bill of £17 12s. for 
 whipping James McBride and for executing 
 John Johnson, John Steward and Ebenezer 
 Caral. On this claim the following entry 
 was made : 
 
 " The Board, taking sd bill into Consideration, al- 
 low for ye Eopes and diging ye Graves, 14s. 8 ; & 
 for ye rest are of Opinion yt its ye Sheriff's Office 
 to see ye Law Executed upon Convicts ; and as 
 they know no Law yt Intitles him to any Pay for 
 ye Execution of his Office in Such Case, think, 
 therefore, it would be a ill Presedent and not 
 warrentable in them to allow said Bill or any of ye 
 like kind." 
 
 The court and jury seem always to have 
 had a lively sense of their dignity and 
 to have been jealous of maintaining it. On 
 June 1, 1702, Nathaniel Zane was fined ten 
 shillings for his " affront, Abuse and under- 
 vallueing of ye forman of ye Grand Jury ;" 
 and on December 1st, Jeremiah Bate was fined 
 thirty shillings " for several Contemptuose 
 and Reflecting, Abusive Expressions used to- . 
 wards ye Bench ;" but " upon his humble sub- 
 mission to ye Bench and desire of fforgetful- 
 ness, ye same is remitted and forgotten." 
 An instance of the anxiety of the Friends, 
 who were the principal settlers of Glouces- 
 ter, to purge the community of all question- 
 able characters, was the case of Amos Nich- 
 olson, who, having come into the town of 
 Greenwich, was presented by the grand 
 jury, June 2, 1701, as " being a man of ill- 
 fame," and required to leave the township or 
 give security to indemnify the township 
 against his becoming a dangerous or trouble- 
 
EARLY HISTORY OF OLD GLOUCESTER. 
 
 33 
 
 THE STOCKS. 
 
 some neighbor. A vagrant negro, having 
 been brought into court September 1, 1701, 
 by the sheriff, whose charges amounted to 
 £9 8-?., the negro was ordered to be sold for 
 
 two years to any 
 one who would 
 pay the charges, 
 his master having 
 the privilege of 
 reclaiming him 
 by making the 
 same disburse- 
 ment. ■ 
 
 The stocks, the pillory and the whipping- 
 post were used in Colonial days for the 
 punishment of criminals on various occasions. 
 They were doubtless brought into use under 
 the authority of the old 
 Gloucester courts. The 
 punishment by the pil- 
 lory was severe and ex- 
 cruciating, the criminal 
 being placed in a stand- 
 ing position. It was not 
 uncommon for men to 
 swoon under the pain of 
 the jiillory or the stocks. 
 The system by which 
 assisted immigrants per- 
 formed service in return 
 for the payment of their ' 
 passage-money to this 
 country was in full force, as appears in this 
 minute of the court's proceedings of March 
 2, 1701 : 
 
 " Griffith Morgan makes complaint agst a Ser- 
 vant woman of her deserting of his Service ye Ist 
 of Instant. The servant appearing and alledging 
 that her passage was paid in Scotland, she came 
 from, and that she was not any servant; upon 
 which ye sd Griffith produces an order of Chester 
 Court, in Pensilvania, for her service of five years 
 to one E. Evan, &c., and his assignment to ye sd 
 Griffith. Whereupon ye Bench order that ye sd 
 Servant perform her time of Servitude, according 
 to ye sd assignment." 
 
 The township and county boundaries were 
 5 
 
 THE PILLORY 
 
 determined in 1761, Richard Matlack, 
 Henry Wood, John Hinchman, Wm. Davis, 
 James Whiteall, Joshua Lord, Francis Bat- 
 ten and Jacob Spicer having been appointed 
 by the Board of Freeholders, on May 13th, 
 to have the work done. They employed 
 as surveyor Samuel Clement to run the 
 line, and his completed work was sub- 
 mitted to the board at the September meet- 
 ing. In 1764 Surveyor Thomas Denny 
 ran and marked the lines between Gloucester 
 and Salem Counties. He was, himself, a 
 member of the commission charged with the 
 undertaking, his associates being Francis 
 Battin and George Flanigan. In the fol- 
 lowing year the arms belonging to the 
 county were, by order of the justices and 
 freeholders, divided into four equal lots and 
 delivered to John Hinchman, John Mickle, 
 Samuel Harrison, John Hider, Alexander 
 Randall, George Flanigan, Michael Fisher 
 and John Sparks, who, pursuant to instruc- 
 tions, sold them and turned the proceeds into 
 the county treasury. 
 
 Public Building.s. — A jail was built 
 at Gloucester in 1689. (See history of Glou- 
 cester City). Courts* were held in taverns 
 and private houses until 1696, when a 
 court-house and jail as one building was 
 erected, which, with additions and repairs, 
 was used until 178G, when it was destroyed 
 by fire, and a majority of the Board of Free- 
 holders voted in favor of erecting new 
 structures instead of repairing the old ones, 
 and agreed to petition the General Assembly 
 for an act to erect new buildings at such a 
 place as shall be designated by a majority of 
 the people of the county at an election to be 
 held for that purpose. 
 
 Woodbury becomes the County-Seat. 
 — Notwithstanding that there is no recorded 
 evidence of the matter, it is a generally ac- 
 cepted belief that the election was held, that 
 the people voted to locate the new building at 
 Woodbury, and that this decision transferred 
 the county-seat from Gloucester to that town. 
 
34 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 On August 3, 1786, James Browu, John 
 Jessop and Samuel Hugg were constituted 
 " to agree with the workmen and purchase 
 materials for the building of the gaol and 
 court-house at Woodbury," and a tax of 
 £108 6s. 8d. was ordered to defray the ex- 
 pense. At the meeting of the board, on Sep- 
 tember 29, 1786, the board accepted John 
 Bispham's offer of a lot at Woodbury, and 
 James Wilkins, John Wilkins and Joseph 
 Reeves were appointed a committee to survey 
 the lot and receive the deed, for which they 
 were authorized to pay fifty pounds. When 
 the managers' accounts were finally passed, 
 on June 18^ 1790, it was found that the cost 
 of the court-house and jail had been more 
 than twelve thousand dollars. The interior of 
 the house is now very much like what it was 
 when first built. The stone columns, steps, etc., 
 in front were added many years ago, and the 
 steeple and belfry have been more than once 
 rebuilt. 
 
 Joshua L. Howell, Phineas Lord, John 
 Blackwood, John Brick, John E. Hopkins 
 and John Thorn were commissioned, on No- 
 vember 24, 1797, to buy a lot at Woodbury 
 and erect a building for the keeping of the 
 records removed from Gloucester. This 
 structure has been occupied since 1820 as the 
 surrogate's office, while the building then 
 erected for the surrogate has been made the 
 clerk's office. 
 
 Woodbury, the seat of justice of Glouces- 
 ter County since its removal from the town 
 of Gloucester, in 1787, and the place where 
 the law was dispensed to the citizens of what 
 is Camden County, previous to its erection in 
 1844, is located at the head of navigation on 
 Woodbury Creek, and was probably settled 
 as early as 1681. Richard Wood took up 
 land a mile farther down the creek in that 
 year, and some time between then and 1684 
 his brother made a home on the present site 
 of the town. The Woods came from some 
 one of the many towns in England named 
 Bury, and hence the derivation of the name 
 
 of the new settlement.^ In 1688 four hun- 
 dred and thirty-two acres of land on Wood- 
 bury Creek were surveyed for Jonathan 
 Wood. From that date until the War of 
 the Revolution the place is destitute of any 
 history that has been preserved, but the inci- 
 dents of the military movements in 1777 in 
 the neighborhood go to show that it must 
 then have had a population of two hundred 
 or more. During the winter of 1777, Lord 
 Cornwallis had his headquarters in the resi- 
 dence now occupied by the family of the 
 late Amos Campbell, and the doors and cup- 
 boards still bear the marks of the British 
 bayonets used in forcing them open. In 1 81 5 
 the town had grown so as to require four tav- 
 erns for the local and traveling trade ; it had 
 also seven merchants and three physicians 
 and there were seventy-one dwellings. 
 Among the leading citizens then were James 
 Roe, John C Smallwood, John M. Watson, 
 John Mickle, Robert K. Matlack, Thomas 
 Jefferson Cade and Benjamin P. Howell. 
 The oldest dwelling-house now standing is 
 the Joseph Franklin residence, which was 
 byilt in the early part of the eighteenth cen- 
 
 ' " It seems the little colony soon became short of 
 provisions and none being nearer than Burlington, the 
 male colonists slarted off in canoes for that place to ob- 
 tain some. A storm prevented their return as soon as 
 expected, — the provisijjns left for the women were ex- 
 hausted, — and the poor creatures, overwhelmed with 
 grief, looked for nolhing but starvation in a strange 
 land with none of their kindred near to soothe their 
 dying moments. Thus they were grouped together at 
 the bend of the creek, watching "vith tearful eyes the 
 flowing tide and listening in vain for the sound of the 
 returning paddles, when an Indian woman appeared on 
 the opposite bank, saw they were in trouble and 
 stopped. By their signs she understood their wants 
 and then disappeared in the shade of the forest. In 
 an hour or two (for she had gone several miles) she, 
 returned loaded with venison and corn bread. These 
 she placed on a long piece of bark and, walking a good 
 way to tideward, set it afloat and gave it a push across. 
 It came to where the white women were audits contents 
 saved their lives ; for their husbands returned not for 
 such a length of time that but for her, starvation would 
 have been inevitable.'' — Mw Jersey Historical Collec- 
 tions. 
 
THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR. 
 
 35 
 
 tury. Woodbury was incorporated as a bor- 
 ough in 1854 and as a city in 1870. In- 
 clnded in the old organizations of citizens 
 were the Fox Hunting Club, established in 
 1776 ; the Library Company, instituted in 
 1794 ; and the Whirligig Society, which was 
 organized in 1809 " with authority to sup- 
 press all riots and whirligig all gamblers, 
 showmen and such characters as are com-, 
 monly called Fair Plays." The Friends 
 erected a meeting-house in 1715 or 1716, and 
 the Presbyterians had a log church in 1721. 
 The Methodist Episcopal Society was organ- 
 ized in 1803 and the African Methodist 
 Episcopal in 1817. 
 
 CHAPTERVI. 
 
 THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR. 
 
 Although New Jersey was at no time 
 seriously threatened by the war which Eng- 
 land waged witli the French and their In- 
 dian allies in North America, and which 
 may be said to have virtually begun in 1749, 
 and continued until the utter defeat of the 
 French and the treaty of peace in 1763, 
 the meagre information which has been 
 preserved of her action demonstrates that she 
 was in no wise backward to obey the calls 
 for troops to serve against the common foe.^ 
 
 1 One of the scanty references to this epoch is con- 
 tained in Wickes' " History of Medicine in New Jersey," 
 which says : " We date a positive advance in medicine 
 in New Jersey from the French and English War. . . . 
 New Jersey raised a complement of 1000 men, tuilt 
 barracks at Burlington, Trenton, New Brunswick, 
 Amboy and Elizabethtown, each for the accommodation 
 of 300 men. It maintained this complement for the 
 years 1758, '69 and '60, and in the two succeeding 
 years furnished 600, besides men and officers for gar- 
 rison duty. These popular measures furnished the 
 school much needed for training a soldiery to be avail- 
 able for the defence of American liberty a decade after- 
 ward, and for ' the training of medical men no less. 
 The physicians who were commissioned as surgeons and 
 surgeons' mates, being brought into association with 
 the British officers, were led to know their inferiority, 
 
 The conflicting territorial claims of England 
 and France on the American continent, the 
 long-standing animosity of the two people, 
 and the competition between the French and 
 English frontiersmen on the upper tribu- 
 taries of the Ohio Eiver explain the out- 
 break of the war. In 1746 New Jersey 
 was required to furnish five hundred men 
 for service under the English flag, and in 
 response six hundred and sixty offered 
 themselves for enlistment. Again, in 1755, 
 the Assembly resolved to raise and equip a 
 battalion of five hundred men, and an excess 
 presented themselves for enlistment. When 
 the enemy reached the country west of the 
 Delaware, New Jersey received many refugees 
 who had been driven out from their homes, 
 while her wealthy citizens bore a large part 
 of the expense in raising troops to defend the 
 western border. It is said that one thousand 
 were sent from the colony after the surren- 
 der of Castle William, on the southern shore 
 of Lake George, and three thousand more 
 were put in readiness to march should occa- 
 sion require. During 1758, 1759 and 1760 
 the colony kept her complement full of one 
 thousand men in the field, and in 1761-62 
 six hundred, besides a company of sixty -four 
 for garrison duty during the latter year. 
 The annual expense of this military estab- 
 lishment is represented at forty thousand 
 pounds.^ 
 
 We are not allowed to suppose that any 
 considerable proportion of these troops came 
 from the Camden vicinage, or even that old 
 Gloucester County was largely represented 
 in the ranks. A hundred and thirty years 
 ago Southern and Western Jersey was too 
 sparsely populated to be of great value as a 
 
 and were stimulated to improve their opportunities of 
 practice and of intercourse with their more cultivated 
 compeers." 
 
 'Cushing's " History of Gloucester County." Mul- 
 ford's History says : " New Jersey had raised, at 
 dififerent periods, near £300,000, and for a great part 
 of the time had maintained a force of 1000 men, be- 
 sides particular bodies for special services." 
 
36 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEKSEY. 
 
 recruiting ground ; and, moreover, more than 
 lialf the people were Friends and forbidden 
 by their religious principles to engage in 
 warfare. In and around Haddonfield linger 
 traditions of the departure of a small squad 
 or two, to join the forces at the front, but 
 the very names of these volunteers have 
 perished, and if any of them distinguished 
 themselves in the combat against the French 
 and their savage allies, they have passed to 
 the roll of unsung heroes. 
 
 CHAPTER yil. 
 
 THE WAR OF THK EEVOLTITION. 
 
 In the War of the Revolution New Jersey 
 bore a conspicuous and honorable part, and 
 the county of Gloucester, of which Camden 
 CJounty then formed a part, is fertile in his- 
 torical associations of that eventful period. 
 A faithful effort has been made to portray 
 them in the succeeding pages of this chapter 
 and weave around them every interest which 
 their importance demands, as well as to show 
 the relation of the State and county to that 
 ever memorable war. Gloucester County 
 furnished a large number of soldiers who 
 joined the patriot army, participated in nu- 
 merous battles and won many brilliant 
 achievements. 
 
 Causes of the WAR.-The colony of New 
 Jersey shared with her sister colonies that 
 devotion to the crown at the termination of 
 the French and Indian War which William 
 Griffith has so lucidly described in his " His- 
 torical Notes of the American Colonies and 
 Revolution.'" 
 
 'This is a rare and invaluable book. It was designed 
 by the author as an introduction to his " Law Regis- 
 ter, " but he died before its completion. It was pub- 
 lished by his executors in 1836, and after it was 
 printed some controversy arose between the persons 
 concerned, in consequence of which the entire edition, 
 with the exception of six copies, was dettroyed. One 
 of those saved is in the possession of Judge .lohn Clem- 
 
 " At the close of the war (of 1750) between Great 
 Britain and France, terminated by the Treaty of 
 Paris, in 1763, the British Colonies .of North 
 America were attached to the mother-country by 
 every tie which could add strength to the con- 
 nection ; by the sympathies of a common extrac- 
 tion and history and the more endearing affections 
 and solicitudes which flowed from domestic affini- 
 ties and private interests, encircling and blessing 
 all. . . . The recent war, so glorious to both 
 in its prosecution and results, so peculiarly Ameri- 
 can in its origin and objects, and in which they 
 co-operated in so many arduous military enter- 
 prises, had inspired mutual respect and a warmth 
 of attachment unfelt before ; there was a confi- 
 
 />,Sk^;v^^SS- 
 
 INDEPENDENCE UEhL. 
 
 dence also reposed by the colonies in the afl'ec- 
 tionate disposition and mighty power of the 
 mother-country, unrestrained by any fear or jeal- 
 ousy : — George III., then in the third year of his 
 reign, by the splendor of the British arms in all 
 quarters, the extension and security which war had 
 given to his realms and by his vast military and 
 naval superiority, with an extent of manufactures 
 and commerce unequaled, was universally deemed 
 the most powerful monarch at that time in Europe, 
 and highly popular in all his dominions. 
 
 " This flattering scene, however, was soon to be 
 changed; those sentiments and interests which, if 
 
 ent, of Haddonfield, by whose kind permission the use 
 of the work was accorded to the writer. 
 
THE WAR OF THE EEVOLUTION. 
 
 37 
 
 cultivated, might have long (though not always) 
 retained the colonies a part of the British empire, 
 were suddenly extinguished by the folly and ar- 
 rogance of British ministers : men ignorant of 
 human nature, and in government, and deaf 
 to admonition and experience — fortunate indeed 
 for America and mankind! — but affording a 
 solemn lesson to every people who repose a blind 
 confidence in the talents or virtues of particular 
 men, however popular or whatever be their pre- 
 tensions. 
 
 " The triumphs of the war and the promised 
 blessings of peace and concord were at once for- 
 gotten and lost in sordid views to revenue — views 
 equally hostile to justice and to policy. Not 
 satisfied with the monopoly of the whole product 
 of American industry and trade, expended for her 
 manufactures and articles of consumption, in-' 
 creasing beyond calculation, silently pouring 
 millions into the lap of England, her infatuated 
 ministers resolved to force upon the colonies a 
 system of internal taxation, limited only by the 
 will of a British Parliament, prescribing its 
 objects, its extent, continuance and means of 
 collection, without the consent or participation of 
 millions of British subjects doomed to bear the 
 burden and the disgrace. No choice was proffered 
 but submission or resistance, and the colonies did 
 not hesitate; they resolved that no power on earth 
 should wrest from them property and the fruits of 
 their toil and industry without their consent. 
 This was the origin of the most extraordinary 
 revolution on record, and upon this issue did the 
 contest turn." 
 
 The colonists claimed that to them, as well 
 as to any other subjects of the crown, be- 
 longed immunity from all taxation, except 
 such as they might assent to, either directly 
 or by the representatives they had chosen, 
 and the people of West Jersey had stood 
 upon this ground in resisting the attempt of 
 Governor Andros to impose custom duties 
 upon the commerce of the Delaware as early 
 as 1680. But first the crown and then 
 Parliament insisted upon the power to tax 
 the colonies as they pleased, and they made 
 the cost of the war with France a special 
 pretext for enforcing this claim, because, as 
 the ministry argued, the war had been of 
 American origin, and in its prosecution the 
 mother-country had accumulated an enor- 
 
 mous debt for the protection of her domains 
 on this side of the Atlantic. The enact- 
 ment of a duty on stamps was carried in 
 Parliament March 22, 1765, and William 
 Coxe was appointed the collector of New 
 Jersey. Massachusetts proposed a Congress 
 of Commissioners from all the colonies, to 
 meet for consultation in New York on the 
 first Tuesday of October. The New Jersey 
 Assembly received the Massachusetts circular 
 June 20, 1765. William Franklin,^ the 
 Governor, was in so much the opposite of his 
 patriotic father as to be a firm ally of the 
 crown, and he influenced the House, which 
 was on the eve of adjournment, to return a 
 hasty and ambiguous answer, which gave 
 rise to a sharp correspor^dence between the 
 Governor and House. He contended that 
 the House had taken the Massachusetts pro- 
 posal into " deliberate consideration," and 
 had " unanimously resolved against connect- 
 ing on that occasion." The House declared 
 (July 27, 1776) that the Speaker agreed to 
 send members to the intended Congress, 
 but that he changed his mind upon some 
 advice that was given to hiui, and that this 
 sudden change of opinion displeased many 
 
 ' William Franklin was a natural son of Dr. Ben- 
 jamin Franklin, and was born about the year 1730. 
 His father had but one other son, Francis Folger, who 
 died when a little more than four years old. William 
 was carefully educated, aided his father in his philo- 
 sophical experiments, and through his influence was at 
 an early age appointied clerk of the Assembly of Penn- 
 sylvania, and postmaster of Philadelphia. In 1766, 
 when he was about twenty years of age, his father was 
 appointed the agent for Pennsylvania (and afterwards 
 of New Jersey) in England, and the son had leave from 
 the Assembly to resign his office of clerk that he might 
 accompany him to London. Upon his arrival there 
 he entered the Middle Temple to prepare himself for 
 practice as a lawyer in Philadelphia, and was in due 
 time callfd to be a barrister. Afterwards he received 
 from the University of Oxford the honorary degree of 
 Master of Arts. 
 
 In 1762, having ingratiated himself with Lord Bute, 
 then the principal favorite of the King, through his 
 influence, without the solicitation of his father, he was 
 appointed Governor of the province of New Jersey, an 
 ofBce then much sought for. 
 
38 
 
 HISTOKY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 of the House, who, seeing the matter dropped, 
 were indifferent to it. But they said that 
 the letter of the House was not such as 
 the Governor represented it, and that if the 
 strong expressions mentioned were used, an 
 alteration must have been made, and they 
 intimated that Governor Franklin had been 
 instrumental in making it. 
 
 The Legislative Assembly considered their 
 action, and at a convention called at Am- 
 boy by the Speaker they chose Joseph 
 Ogden, Hendrick Fisher and Joseph Borden 
 delegates to the Congress, which met in New 
 York at the appointed time and formulated 
 the memorable petitions to the King and 
 Parliament that were a warning of the com- 
 ing uprising. When the Assembly recon- 
 vened in November, it approved the action 
 of the Congress, and the House declared that 
 as the Stamp Act was utterly subversive of 
 privileges inherent in and originally secured 
 by grants and concessions from the crown of 
 Great Britain to the people of the colony, they 
 considered it a duty to themselves, their con- 
 stituents and posterity to leave a record of 
 their resolves upon the journal. 
 
 Stamp Officer Coxe resigned, declaring 
 that he would never act under the law, and 
 organizations of the " Sons of Liberty " were 
 formed, who bound themselves to march to 
 any part of the continent at their own ex- 
 pense to support the British Constitution in 
 America, by which opposition to the stamp 
 tax wa.s meant. As the use of all but stamp 
 paper was forbidden in legal transactions, a' 
 period of much confusion ensued, during 
 which the courts were closed and business 
 almost suspended ; but in February, 1766, a 
 meeting of the members of the Jersey bar at 
 New Brunswick resolved to continue their 
 practice regardless of the statute ; the public 
 offices and the courts were reopened and the 
 people resumed the transaction of affairs. 
 When the General Assembly met in June, 
 the members were officially informed by the 
 Governor of the repeal of the obnoxious act, 
 
 BRITISH STAMP. 
 
 and they joined in an address to the King 
 and Parliament expressing gratitude for the 
 abrogation of an " impolitic law." 
 
 Whatever hopes might have been enter- 
 tained that this concession meant future just 
 dealing with the colonies were doomed to 
 disappointment. The repeal of the Stamp 
 Act had been accomplished by an affirma- 
 tion of the right of 
 Great Britain to bind 
 the colonies in all 
 cases whatever, and 
 thegovernment soon 
 proceeded to act on 
 that assumption. In- 
 creased numbers of 
 British soldiers were 
 quartered upon the 
 people, who were re- 
 quired to furnish 
 them with fuel, bed- 
 ding, candles, small beer, rum, etc. When 
 the requisition was laid before the New Jer- 
 sey Assembly, in June, 1766, the House 
 directed that provision be made according to 
 the former laws of the colony, and then in- 
 formed the Governor that they looked upon 
 the act for quartering soldiers in America to 
 be virtually as much an act for laying taxes 
 as the Stamp Act. It was followed in 1767 
 by the enactments levying duties on imports 
 of glass, paper, paste-board, white and red 
 lead, painters' colors and tea into the colonial 
 ports, and authorizing the King to appoint 
 in America commissioners who should have 
 entire charge of the customs and tiie laws 
 relating to trade. 
 
 Massachusetts again led the column of 
 resistance, and her circular letter was pre- 
 sented to the Nevv Jersey House April 15, 
 1768. The House made a suitable reply 
 and also adopted a respectful address against 
 taxation without representation. On Decem- 
 ber 6, 1769, it passed resolutions condemn- 
 ing the threat of the royal authorities to 
 transport to England for trial persons ac- 
 
THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION. 
 
 39 
 
 cused of crimes in the colonies, and also 
 approved the resolution of the merchants to 
 cease to import British merchandise until 
 the offensive duties were repealed. The 
 duties, except that on tea, were repealed in 
 1770, but this by no means satisfied the 
 Americans. 
 
 On February 8, 1774, the Assembly of 
 New Jersey resolved "that a Committee of 
 Correspondence and Inquiry be appointed to 
 obtain the most early and authentic intelli- 
 gence of all acts and resolutions of the Brit- 
 ish Parliament, or the proceedings of admin- 
 istration, that may have any relation to, or 
 may affect the liberties and privileges of His 
 Majesty's subjects in the British colonies in 
 America, and to keep up and maintain a 
 correspondence with our sister colonies, re- 
 specting these important considerations ; and 
 that they occasionally lay their proceedings 
 before the House." The committee named 
 in the resolution were James Kinsey, Stephen 
 Crane, Hendrick Fisher, Samuel Tucker, 
 John Wetherill, Robert Friend Price, John 
 Hinchman, John Mehelm and Edward Tay- 
 lor. The Gloucester County members were 
 Messrs. Price and Hinchman. Governor 
 Franklin strove to minimize the significance 
 of this action. " I was in hopes," he wrote 
 to Lord Dartmouth on May 31st, "that the 
 Assembly of this Province would not have 
 gone into the measure ; for though they met 
 on the 10th of November, yet they avoided 
 taking the matter into consideration, though 
 frequently urged by some of the members, 
 until the 8th of February, and then I believe 
 they would not have gone into it but that 
 the Assembly of New York had just before 
 resolved to appoint such a committee, and 
 they did not choose to appear singular." 
 
 Action of New Jersey.— The Governor 
 misrepresented the temper of the people of New 
 Jersey. On the reception of the news that 
 the British Parliament had closed the port of 
 Boston to all commerce, because of the 
 throwing into the harbor of one of the 
 
 cargoes of tea, which the government was 
 endeavoring to induce the people to accept 
 by rescinding the export duty of 12d. per 
 pouud, while retaining the import duty of 
 3d. per pound, " the Colony of New Jersey 
 broke out in a simultaneous blaze of indig- 
 nation from Sussex to Cape May, and im- 
 mediate measures were taken to organize the 
 various counties into a combination of the 
 friends of liberty whicli should secure 
 promptitude and unity of action throughout 
 the province." ' 
 
 The Boston Port Bill was appointed to go 
 into operation June 1, 1774, and, in accord- 
 ance with the recommendation of Virginia, 
 the patriots observed it as a day of mourn- 
 ing. On that day the Committee of Corre- 
 spondence and Inquiry held at New Bruns- 
 wick what was probably their first meeting, 
 and, according to the authority of Dr. Mul- 
 ford, in his " History of New Jersey," they 
 replied to the communication that had been 
 received from Massachusetts, expressed their 
 sympathy with the people of Boston and 
 condemned in strong terms the course of the 
 ministry. A letter written by one of the 
 members, under date of the 2d, says, — 
 
 "I returned yesterday from New Brunswick, 
 where six of our committee met. We answered the 
 Boston letters, informing them that wc loolv on 
 New Jersey as eventually in the same predicament 
 with Boston, and that we will do everything which 
 may be generally agreed on. We have signed a 
 request to the Governor to call the General Assem- 
 bly to meet at such time as his Excellency may 
 think proper before the 1st day of August next. 
 Our committee is well disposed in the cause of 
 American freedom." 
 
 Governor Franklin wrote to Lord Dart- 
 mouth from Burlington June 18th, — 
 
 " I have likewise had an application made tome 
 by some of the members of the House of Repre- 
 sentatives to call a meeting of the General Assem- 
 bly in August next, with which I have not and 
 shall not comply, as there is no publick business of 
 
 1 Charles D. Deshler's address to the New Brunswick 
 Historical Club, December 16, 1875. 
 
40 
 
 HISTOEY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 the province which can malie such a meeting 
 necessary." 
 
 The disaffection of the Governor and hi.s 
 refusal to assemble the Legislature made it 
 nece.ssary for the people to speak out through 
 the medium of their town-meetings. These 
 were held in nearly all the counties at the 
 call of leaders of the culminating revolution- 
 ary movement. The purjiose was to organize 
 and direct the impulse of resistance to 
 British encroachments, to accpiaint the people 
 A\'ith the total imperilment of their liberties 
 and particularly to select delegates to a 
 
 No 
 
 '/i 
 
 y^/ 
 
 Thirty Dollars 
 
 THE Bearer is en- 
 titled to rfccji/c Thirty 
 ^panijh milled D O L- 
 QvLARS, or an equa\ 
 y \\SuOT in Gold or Silver 
 according to a Refo 
 'lution of CONGSESS 
 of the 14th "yanuary, 
 
 1779- 
 
 'O Dollars. 
 
 ^/at^ 
 
 //^ 
 
 CONTINENTAL CURKENCY. 
 
 general congress of deputies from the several 
 colonics, which the Virginia House of Bur- 
 gesses had proposed should be held to form a 
 plan of union and devise measures for the 
 ])ul)lic welfare. 
 
 In June, 1774, William Peartree Smith, 
 chairman of the New Jersey Committee of 
 Correspondence and Inquiry, conducted a 
 correspondence with tlie Massachu. setts com- 
 mittee, in which he tendered material aid for 
 the people impoverished by the closing of 
 Boston to commerce, and inquired whether it 
 had better take the shape of clothing, provi- 
 sions or cash. The Massachusetts men re- 
 plied tiiat cash would be most acceptable. 
 
 Dr. Fithiau, in a communication in the 
 AYoodbury Constitution, says, — 
 
 " In the County of Gloucester committees were 
 appointed in each of the township.s to receive 
 donations ' for the relief of our suffering brethren 
 of Boston,' and a general treasurer (Joseph Ellis) 
 was appointed, who was authorized to procure a 
 place to store the provisions that should be 
 furnished, and the sum of £584 in money was at 
 one time ordered to be paid on account of subscrip- 
 tions." 
 
 The first of these meetings for the purpose 
 of electing delegates to meet in a General Con- 
 gress was held on June 6, 1774, at Lower 
 Freeliold, Monmouth County, and 
 the next at Newark, on the 11th. 
 The latter meeting issued a circu- 
 lar calling attention to the oppres- 
 sive measures of Parliament, and 
 set forth that as the neighboring 
 colonies were prepared for a Con- 
 gi'ess, and as the New Jersey As- 
 sembly was not likely to be in 
 session in time to answer the end 
 proposed, it was proper and im- 
 portant that meetings should be 
 held in the counties to appoint 
 committees that would, in con- 
 junction, act in unison with the 
 sister colonies. 
 
 The County Committees thus 
 chosen met at New Brunswick 
 on the twenty-first of July, with seventy- 
 two delegates in attendance, and organized by 
 the election of Stephen Crane as chairman and 
 Jonathan D. Sargent as clerk.' Resolutions 
 were passed declaring that the proceedings of 
 
 ' "There appears to be nowhere any record of anieeting 
 held in Gloucester County to appoint delegates to the 
 New Brunswick convention. Yet the county was rep- 
 resented in that body by Kobert Friend Price, if by no 
 other delegate or delegates, and the tenable theory is 
 that he at least wjis elected at some meeting of the cit- 
 izens of the county, of wliich no mention is made in 
 contempoi'ary annals. Price's name occurs on page 103 
 of Griflith's " Notes on the American Colonies," as a 
 member of the Committee that signed the credentials 
 of the delegates to the General Congress. 
 
THE WAE OP THE REVOLUTION. 
 
 41 
 
 Parliament with respect to Massachusetts, 
 " so violent in themselves and so truly alarm- 
 ing to the other colonies (many of which are 
 equally exposed to ministerial vengeance), 
 render it the indisjieusable duty of all 
 heartily to unite in the most proper measures 
 to procure redress for their oppressed coun- 
 trymeu, now suffering in the common cause ; 
 and for the re-establishment of 
 the constitutional rights of 
 America upon a solid founda- 
 tion." James Kinsey, William 
 Livingston, John De Hart, Ste- 
 phen Crane and Richard Smith 
 were chosen to represent New 
 Jersey in the Congress which 
 met at Carpenters' Hall on 
 Sept. 5, 1774. They joined 
 heartily iu its general declara- 
 tion of rights and its recom- 
 mendations for aid to the dis- 
 tressed jjeople of Boston. Their 
 doings were approved by the 
 General Assembly of the colony 
 in January, 1775,^ in the face 
 of the condemnatory message of 
 Governor Franklin, who in- 
 sidioasly strove to provoke the 
 jealousy of the A.ssembly by the 
 argument that the New Bruns- 
 wick convention had, by ap- 
 pointing the delegates to the 
 Colonial Congress, usurped the 
 powers whicli belonged to the 
 Assembly alone. The Assem- 
 bly answered by re-appointing 
 these very delegates, but they 
 followed the recommendations 
 of the Governor to present the crown with still 
 another remonstrance against its impositions 
 upon the colonists. Franklin .saw that the 
 day of reconciliation was past. He said in a 
 supplementary message, — 
 
 '"Such members as were Friends excepting only to 
 such parts as seemed to wear an appearance or might 
 have a tendency to force, as inconsistent with their re- 
 ligious principles." — Oordon's" llixluru nj New Jersey." 
 
 "It is HOW in vain to argue, as you have, with 
 the most uncommon and unnecessary precipita- 
 tion, give in your entire assent to that destructive 
 mode of proceeding I so earnestly warned you 
 against. Whether after such a resolution the pe- 
 tition you mention can be expected to produce 
 any good effect, or whether you have consulted the 
 true interests of the people, I leave others to de- 
 termine." 
 
 CAEPENTERS' HALL, PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 During the winter of 1774-75 Parlia- 
 ment, in obedience to the crown and the ad- 
 ministration of Lord North, and despite tlie 
 warnings of Chatham and Burke, went on 
 with a .stubborn resolution to crush the col- 
 onies. Boston was the objective-point of 
 their repressive programme, and the battle 
 of Lexington occurred on April 19, 1775. 
 
42 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 On May 2d the New Jersey Committee of 
 Correspondence met at New Brunswick, hav- 
 ing been informed that " the embattled farm- 
 ers " had fired the shot that was heard 
 around the world. There were present Hen- 
 drick Fisher, Samuel Tucker, Joseph Bor- 
 den, Joseph Eiggs, Isaac Pearson, John 
 Chetwood, Lewis Ogden, Isaac Ogden, Abra- 
 ham Hunt and Elias Boudinot. They in- 
 structed the chairman 
 
 " To immediately call a Provincial Congress to 
 meet at Trenton the 23d day of this instant, to 
 consider and determine such matters as may then 
 and there come before them ; and the several coun- 
 ties are hereby desired to nominate and appoint 
 their respective deputies for the same as speedily 
 as may be, with full and ample powers for such 
 purposes as .may be thought necessary for the pe- 
 culiar exigencies of this province." 
 
 Gloucester County was prompt in its re- 
 sponse to this notice. The proceedings were 
 as subjoined in Dr. Fithian's notes, — 
 
 "At a meeting of a majority of the Committee 
 of Correspondence for the County of Gloucester, 
 on the 5th day of May, 1775, — present, Samuel 
 Harrison, chairman ; John Hinchman, John 
 Cooper, John Sparks, Joseph Ellis, Joseph Low, 
 Isaac Mickle, Joseph Hugg. 
 
 " In consequence of intelligence received from 
 the Committee of Correspondence from New 
 Brunswick, and at their request, the committee 
 above named have taken the same into considera- 
 ation, and do unanimously agree and think it our 
 indispensable duty in this alarming crisis forth- 
 with to request a meeting of the inhabitants of 
 the county for the purpose of choosing members 
 to meet at the Provincial Congress at Trenton on 
 the 23d day of this instant. May. 
 
 " Ordered that the clerk get a number of no- 
 tices immediately printed and disperse them 
 throughout the country — that a person be sent 
 express to Egg Harbour with part thereof and 
 alarm the inhabitants of the consequence thereof 
 and the necessity of a meeting. 
 
 " By order of Committee. 
 
 " Joseph Hugo, Com. Clerk." 
 
 " In Committee, ordered that every member ot 
 this Committee meet at the house of William 
 Hugg, on the 18th inst., by 10 o'clock, A. M., and 
 that notice issue for this purpose, to which time 
 this Committee is adjourned. 
 
 " By order of Committee, 
 
 "Joseph Hugg, Cler/c 
 
 " Committee met pursuant to adjournment, on 
 the 10th inst., at the house of William Hugg — 
 present, Samuel Harrison, John Cooper, Joseph 
 Ellis, John Sparks, Isaac Mickle, Doc. Vanleer, 
 Joseph Cooper, Peter Cheeseman, Joseph Hugg. 
 
 " At a meeting of a very respectable number of 
 the inhabitants of this county, on the 18th day of 
 May, 1775, pursuant to a notice from the Committee 
 of Correspondence for that purpose. 
 
 " At said meeting the inhabitants taking into 
 consideration the intelligence communicated from 
 the Committee of Correspondence of New Bruns- 
 wick, do unanimously 
 
 "Resolve, That it is highly necessary that there 
 should be a Provincial Congress held at the time 
 and place appointed by the said Committee, and do 
 unanimously 
 
 " Besolve and agree that seven persons be chosen 
 for said service to represent this county. 
 
 " And accordingly Eobert Friend Price, John 
 Hinchman, Elijah Clark, Esqs., and Messrs. John 
 Cooper, Joseph Ellis, John Sparks and Joseph 
 Hugg were unanimously chosen to continue for 
 twelve months, and any three or more attending 
 said meeting to be a sufficient representation. 
 
 " Ordered, That the members attending from 
 this county do use their endeavors, when met in 
 Congress, to confirm and reappoint the delegates 
 appointed by the General Assembly of this Prov- 
 ince. 
 
 " Ordered, That the instructions drawn by Mr. 
 Cooper for said Provincial Congress be taken by 
 the members of this county to said Congress for 
 their own guide — but not to be published. 
 
 " On the question being put, whether the Com- 
 mittee of Observation be authorized to carry into 
 execution the resolves of the Provincial Congress, ' 
 and to perform such services as the emergency of 
 the case niay require, it was resolved nem con. 
 
 " By order of the county, 
 
 " Jos. Hugg, 
 
 " Clerk." 
 
 These Committees of Observation and In- 
 spection were formed in each county of the 
 colony. Their title specifies the duties with 
 which tliey were charged. 
 
 The First Provincial Congress of New 
 Jersey. — The Provincial Congress assem- 
 bled at Trenton on May 23d, 1775, the dele- 
 gates in attendance from Gloucester County 
 
THE WAE OF THE EEVOLUTION. 
 
 43 
 
 being John Cooper, Elijah Clark and John 
 Sparks. Resolutions were passed that one 
 or more companies of militia be raised in each 
 township or corporation, that all men between 
 the ages of sixteen and fifty be enrolled by 
 the committee, and that the officers of the 
 requisite number of companies combine them 
 into regiments. To meet the expense, ten 
 thousand pounds of paper or " Proclamation " 
 money was ordered to be raised, of which the 
 proportion of Gloucester County was £763 
 8s. 2c?. This Congress sat eleven days, and 
 was reconvened at Trenton on August 5th, 
 in consequence of the battle of Bunker Hill 
 and Washington's siege of the British forces 
 in Boston. To this meeting there came, as 
 the representatives of Gloucester, John 
 Sparks, Joseph Hugg, Joseph Ellis and 
 Elijah Clark. It was resolved to raise and 
 organize a number of troops equal to about 
 twenty-six regiments and to enforce the col- 
 lection of ten thousand pounds tax ordered at 
 the May session, it appearing that many 
 obstacles had been encountered in the col- 
 lection, and that in a great number of in- 
 stances payment had been avoided or refused. 
 For this military levy Gloucester County 
 was required to furnish three battalions, and 
 she was placed third among the counties in 
 precedency of rank, in which Essex was first 
 and Salem second. Besides providing for 
 this organization an armament, this Congress 
 resolved to enroll four thousand minute-men, 
 " who shall hold themselves in constant 
 readiness, on the shortest notice, to march to 
 any place where their assistance may be re- 
 quired for the defence of this or any neigh- 
 boring colony." Gloucester's proportion of 
 this force was four companies of sixty-four 
 men each. The August session lasted until 
 the 17th, and before adjourning the Congress 
 appointed as a Committee of Safety, — Hend- 
 rick Fisher, Samuel Tucker, Isaac Pearson, 
 John De Hart, Jonathan D. Sergeant, A zariah 
 Dunham, Peter Schenck, Enos Kelsey, Joseph 
 Borden, Frederick Frelinghuysen and John 
 
 Schuemau. When this Congress was not in 
 session this committee wielded extraordinary 
 and almost unlimited power as the executive 
 brauch of the government. 
 
 The Second PRovrNciAL Congress of 
 New Jersey. — At its August session the 
 Provincial Congress had provided for a new 
 election of deputies from the counties, and 
 under this provision Gloucester County chose 
 John Cooper, Joseph Ellis, Thomas Clark, 
 Elijah Clark and Richard Somers, who, with 
 forty-five other delegates, formed the Second 
 Provincial Congress, which convened in its 
 first session, at Trenton, October 3, 1775. 
 Further legislation was enacted for the col- 
 lection of the ten thousand pounds tax by 
 distraint and sale of the property of de- 
 linquents, and for the enrollment in the 
 militia of all able-bodied male inhabitants of 
 the province, between the ages of sixteen and 
 fifty years (except those whose religious prin- 
 ciples forbade them to bear arms), their 
 muster, equipment and instruction in military 
 tactics under the command of proper officers. 
 This law was singular in requiring that each 
 enrolled man should provide himself with a 
 musket, a sword, a tomahawk, a cartridge- 
 box and knapsack. The raising of troops 
 and the finding of funds wherewith to fit 
 them out taxed the ingenuity of the Congress 
 during this and the succeeding session of 
 February, 1776, and on the 20th of that 
 month a bill was passed for printing £50,- 
 000 5s. of fiat money, which it was ordered 
 should pass current until December 21, 1791.^ 
 For redemption of this issue, a sinking fund 
 of £10,000 Is. annually from 1787 to 1791 
 was provided, and an allotment of payments 
 was made among the counties. Gloucester 
 was assessed for £763 2s. Sd. each year for 
 the five years. 
 
 The fifty thousand pounds was divided in- 
 to equal parts to be expended by commis- 
 sioners for the Eastern Division and the 
 
 ' This money was reokoned at 7». 6d. to the dollar. 
 
44 
 
 HISTOEY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Western Division "for the use of the colony." 
 William Tucker, Abraham Hunt, Joseph 
 Ellis and Alexander Chambers were made 
 commissioners for the Western Division. 
 The commissioners were directed to purchase 
 three thousand stand of arms, ten tons of 
 gunpowder, twenty tons of lead, one thousand 
 cartoueh-boxes, medicine-chests and chirur- 
 gical instruments, four thousand tents, two 
 thousand blankets, a train of artillery to 
 consist of twelve pieces, and axes, spades and 
 other entrenching tools. They were also in- 
 structed to furnish the troops with one 
 month's subsistence, at one shilling per day 
 per man, or provisions to that amount if 
 necessary, provided that the expense did not 
 exceed one thousand four hundred pounds in 
 value ; and one month's pay for the troops 
 when called into actual service, provided that 
 the Continental Congress did not make pro- 
 vision for the same, and provided that the 
 pay of such troops did not exceed four thou- 
 sand pounds in value. The recruitment of 
 the two battalions which Congress at its pre- 
 vious session had ordered to be raised had 
 proceeded successfully and with rapidity. 
 Lord Stirling had been commissioned colonel 
 of the command raised in East Jersey, and 
 William Maxwell colonel of the West Jersey 
 battalion, which was ordered to the vicinity 
 of the Hudson River and mustered into the 
 Continental service in December, 1775. 
 
 The Third Congress of Delegates. — 
 In the meantime the old Colonial Legislature 
 of New Jersey had been holding intermit- 
 tent sessions and receiving protests from 
 Governor Franklin against the doings of the 
 Provincial Congress, which had, in fact, 
 superseded it. He had prorogued it from 
 December 6, 1776, to June 3, 1776, but the 
 December meeting was its last. When the 
 new or Third Trovincial Congress met, in 
 June, 1776, it declared that Franklin had 
 " discovered himself to be an enemy to the 
 liberties of this country, and that measures 
 ought to be immediately taken for securing 
 
 his person, and that from henceforth all pay- 
 inenls of money to him, on account of salary 
 or otherwise, should cease." Pursuant to 
 these resolutions, and in compliance with the 
 directions of the Continental Congress, 
 Franklin was arrested and sent to Connecti- 
 cut, where he remained a prisoner until the 
 end of the war, when he sailed for England. 
 He resided in that country until his death, 
 enjoying a pension from the English govern- 
 ment. 
 
 The Congress which met in June had 
 been elected in pursuance of the resolution 
 adopted by its predecessor on March 2, 1776, 
 " that there be a new choice of deputies to 
 serve in Provincial Congress for every 
 county of this colony on the fourth Monday 
 in May, yearly and every year." Thus was 
 established regular annual elections of depu- 
 ties instead of the special elections called, as 
 they had previously been, at the pleasure of 
 Congress. Gloucester County elected as 
 delegates John Sparks, John Cooper, Elijah 
 Clark, Joseph Hugg and Joseph Ellis. The 
 Congress convened on June 11, 1776, at 
 Burlington, with sixty-five members, five 
 from each of the thirteen counties. On June 
 28th there was submitted " a petition from the 
 ofBcers of the militia of Gloucester, appointed 
 to raise men for the Continental service to 
 reinforce the troops now in New York, set- 
 ting forth that fifteen shillings a week is not 
 sufficient to defray their expenses in enlist- 
 ing said men, and requesting that this Con- 
 gress would make such further allowance as 
 may be reasonable and necessary." 
 
 Adoption of the First State Con- 
 stitution. — The Continental Congress, on 
 May 10th, recommended to the Assemblies 
 and conventions of the colonies to adopt such 
 governments as should, in the opinion of the 
 representatives of the people, best conduce to 
 the happiness and safety of their constituents 
 in particular and America in general. The 
 preamble declared that every kind of govern- 
 ment under the crown should be suppressed. 
 
THE WAR OF THE EEVOLUTION. 
 
 45 
 
 On the 24th the New Jersey Congress ap- 
 pointed Messrs. Green, Cooper, Sergeant, 
 Elmer, Ogden, Hughes, Covenhoven, 
 Symmes, Condict and Dick to prepare a 
 draught of a Constitution, which was reported 
 on the 26th and adopted on July 2d, two 
 days before the Declaration of Independence 
 by the Continental Congress. In the pre- 
 amble to that document it was declared 
 
 "That all authority claimed by the King of 
 Great Britain over the colonies was by compact 
 derived from the people and held of them for 
 the common interests of the whole society ; 
 
 "That allegiance and protection are in the 
 nature of things reciprocal ties, each equally de- 
 pending on the other and liable to be dissolved 
 by the other being refused or withdrawn ; 
 
 "That the King of Great Britain has refused 
 protection to the good people of these colonies by 
 assenting to sundry acts of Parliament, has made 
 war upon them for no other cause than asserting 
 their just rights; hence all civil authority under 
 him is necessarily at an end, and a dissolution of 
 government has taken place. And also the more 
 eifectually to unite the people and to enable them 
 to exert their whole force in their own necessary 
 defense; and as the honorable, the Continental 
 Congress, the supreme council of the American 
 Colonies, has advised us to adopt such government 
 as will best conduce to our happiness and safety, 
 and the well-being of America generally ; 
 
 " We, the representatives of the colony of New 
 Jersey, having been elected by all the counties in 
 the freest manner, and in Congress assembled, 
 have, after mature deliberation, agreed upon a 
 set of charter rights and the form of a Consti- 
 tution." 
 
 This Constitution fell somewhat short of a 
 full assertion of independence, and contained 
 a clause providing that if a reconciliation 
 should take place between Great Britain and 
 her colonies, the instrument should become 
 null and void. Gordon, in his " History of 
 New Jersey," attributes the introduction of 
 this clause to the influence of Samuel Tucker, 
 president of the Congress. He says, " The 
 doors of retreat were kept open by the fears 
 of the President, who, a few months after, 
 claimed the clemency of the enemy, with 
 whom this clause gave him an interest." 
 
 By this instrument the government was 
 vested in a Governor, Legislative Council and 
 General Assembly. The Council and Assem- 
 bly were to be chosen yearly by the people, 
 and they were in joint convention to annu- 
 ally elect the Governor. On July 17th the 
 New Jersey Congress ratified the Declaration 
 of Independence promulgated at Philadel- 
 phia, and on the next day it changed its own 
 name to that of " The Convention of the State 
 of New Jersey." An election for a Legisla- 
 tive Council and an Assembly was held on 
 the second Tuesday of August, 1776, and the 
 members convened at Princeton on August 
 27th. In the Council, Gloucester was rep- 
 resented by John Cooper, and in the House 
 by Richard Somers and Robert F. Price. 
 William Livingston was elected the first Gov- 
 ernor under the new Constitution. The Leg- 
 islature succeeded to the powers and functions 
 of the Provincial Congress and the Conven- 
 tion of the State of New Jersey, and contin- 
 ued to exercise those powers and functions as 
 a permanent body. 
 
 New Jersey as the Seat of War. — 
 The movement of the British army, under 
 command of General Howe, from Boston, by 
 way of Halifax, to the vicinity of New York, 
 the route of Washington's forces at the battle 
 of Long Island, August 27, 1776, the evac- 
 uation of New York by the Americans and 
 the capture of Fort Washington, on the Hud- 
 son, by the British on November 15th — these 
 were the events which led to Washington's 
 retreat into New Jersey. With his dimin- 
 ished columns he fell back to New Bruns- 
 wick, where he hoped to make a stand ; but 
 the terms of the New Jersey and Maryland 
 Brigades and the Pennsylvania Flying Camp 
 were about expiring, and neither arguments 
 nor threats could prevent the men from dis- 
 banding and returning to their homes. The 
 remnant of the army, with Lord Cornwallis 
 harassing its rear, arrived at Princeton on 
 December 1st, and thence passed on to Tren- 
 ton, where it crossed the Delaware into Penn- 
 
46 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 sylvania on the 8th. Reinforced by Sullivan 
 and Gates, Washington recro.ssed the Dela- 
 ware on Christinas night and effected the 
 surprise and defeat of Colonel Rahl's Hes- 
 sian contingent of the British forces. 
 
 Although after the Trenton victory the 
 American commander retired to his strong 
 position on the Delaware shore, he had by no 
 means relinquished his ambition to repossess 
 Western New Jersey, and at once began prep- 
 arations for a second expedition. He again 
 marched to Trenton on December 30th. Gen- 
 eral Maxwell, who on the retreat through the 
 State had been left at Morristown with his 
 brigade, including the Gloucester troo23s, was 
 ordered to advance through New Brunswick, 
 as if threatening an attack, and liarass all 
 
 PRESIDENT'S CHAIK AND THE DESK UPON WHICM 
 
 THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE 
 
 AVAS SIGNED. 
 
 the contiguous posts of the enemy as much as 
 po.ssible. On the night of January 2, 1777, 
 Washington, after the skirmish on Assanj)ink 
 Creek, swung round the British Hank to the 
 rear, reached Princeton at early dawn of the 
 3rd, defeated and dispersed Colonel Maw- 
 hood's force of three regiments, and was safe 
 among the hills of the Upper Raritan while 
 Coruwallis was lumbering along in an inef- 
 fectual pursuit. He had to mourn the loss of 
 the gallant General Mercer, who fell in the 
 first assault at Princeton, and whose body 
 bore the marks of sixteen British bayonet 
 wounds. 
 
 Washington's brilliant achievements were 
 
 needed to revive the patriotic spirit of New 
 Jersey, wliicli previously had been fast suc- 
 cumbine: to the advance of the foe. Howe 
 had offered pardon and protection to all who 
 would abandon the national cause and renew 
 their allegiance to the King. Until Washing- 
 ton rolled back the tide of disaster, more 
 than two hundred people within the State 
 were daily abjuring their loyalty to the 
 American government. "The two Jersey 
 regiments," writes Gordon, " which had 
 been forwarded by General Gates under 
 General St. Clair, went off to a man the 
 moment they entered their own State." The 
 Legislature had moved from Princeton to 
 Burlington, and thence to Pittstowu and 
 Haddonfield, where it dissolved on December 
 2, 1776. Samuel Tucker, chairman of the 
 Committee of Safety, treasurer and judge of 
 the Supreme Court, vacated his offices and 
 swore fealty to the crown. The whole num- 
 ber of the people of New Jersey who took 
 advantage of Howe's proclamation is stated 
 at two thousand seven hundred and three. 
 But the victories of Trenton and Princeton 
 lightened up the gloomy horizon ; citizens 
 found that Howe's protections did not save 
 them from the depredations of the Hessian 
 soldiery, who overran the State and spared 
 neitherage nor sex from outrage and plunder ; 
 what the earnest recommendations of Con- 
 gress, the zealous exertions of Governor Liv- 
 ingston and the ardent supplications of 
 ■ Washington could not effect, was produced 
 by the rapine and devastations of the Royal 
 forces. The whole country became instantly 
 liostile to the invaders, and sufferers of all 
 parties rose as one man to avenge their per- 
 sonal injuries. With his quick insight, 
 Washiugton perceived that this was the 
 moment for the recovery of New Jersey. 
 From his headquarters at Morristown he 
 issued, on January 25, 1777, a proclamation 
 giving all persons who had accepted British 
 protection tliirty days in which to repair to 
 the nearest headquarters of the Coutiueatal 
 
THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION. 
 
 47 
 
 service, and then to surrender their papers 
 and receive full pardon for their past offenses. 
 The alternative offered them was to retire 
 with their families within the British lines 
 or be regarded as adherents of the King of 
 Great Britain and enemies of their country. 
 The result was most satisfactory. Hundreds 
 of timid inhabitants renewed their allegiance 
 to America, the most dangerous Tories were 
 driven out and the army was largely in- 
 creased by volunteers and by the return of 
 many of its veterans who had deserted dur- 
 ing the dark days of the previous November 
 and December. 
 
 The American army moved to 
 the neighborhood of Bound Brook 
 on May 28, 1777, and on June 
 14th the British retreated towards 
 Amboy, but hnrried back from 
 thence with the expectation of at- 
 tacking Washington at Quibble- 
 town (Newmarket), where he had 
 taken up his position. At Wood- 
 bridge, on June 20th, Jjord Corn- 
 wall is drove back Morgan's Ran- 
 gers and Stirling's troop.s, but 
 they held them in check long 
 enough to permit Washington to 
 retire to his stronghold near Bound 
 Brook, he being too weak to 
 undertake battle in the open field. The 
 British returned to Aml>oy, where they 
 cro.ssed to Staten Island ; and during the 
 remainder of the ^var New Jersey was not 
 again so completely overrun with marauders 
 and British troops, although many parties 
 entered it for pillage from hostile camps in 
 adjoining States. Washington crossed the 
 Delaware to Philadelphia ; Howe took his 
 army around by water from New York to 
 Philadelphia by way of the Chesapeake and 
 the Elk River ; and by defeating Wasliing- 
 ton at the Brandywine, on September 11th, 
 and at Gcrniantown, on October 24th, he se- 
 cured possession of Philadelphia for the winter 
 that the patriots spent at Valley Forge. 
 
 In September, 1777, Continental Congress 
 moved from Philadelphia to the town of 
 York, Pa., where for the nine succeeding 
 months, until June of 1778, that historic 
 band of patriots held their deliberations, 
 when, upon ihe retreat of the British across 
 New Jer.sey, they returned to Philadelphia. 
 
 The Battle of Red Bank. — The first 
 
 engagements of the Revolution 
 
 fought upon 
 
 the soil of Gloucester County were the bat- 
 tle of Red Bank, October 22, 1777, and the 
 skirmish at Billingsport, which preceded it 
 by a few days. For the protection of the 
 Delaware, the Americans had built Fort 
 
 INDEPENDENCE HALL, PHILADELPHIA, IN 177(3. 
 
 Mifflin, a strong redoubt, with quite exten- 
 sive outworks, on the marshy island on the 
 Pennsylvania side, just below the mouth of 
 the Schuylkill. Fort Mercer, an e(piaily 
 good -w-ork, was placed on iiigh ground at 
 Red Bank, on the New Jersey shore, and in 
 the river channels, under cover of the fire of 
 the batteries, were sunk ranges of strong 
 frames with iron-pointed wooden spikes, 
 which were calculated to be impassable to 
 vessels. At Billingsport, three miles beiow, 
 on the New Jersey side, a third fort was erect- 
 ed, and the channel between it and Billings' 
 Island was again closed by chevaux-de-frisc. 
 To clear the way for his fleet and for the 
 entrance of supplies into Philadelphia, it was 
 
48 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 necessary for Howe to open the river, and he 
 accordingly ordered Captain Haiiimond, with 
 the frigate " Eoebuck " and several other 
 vessels, around from the Chesapeake. Ar- 
 riving in the stream below Billingsport, 
 Hammond reconnoitered and came to the 
 conclusion that he might force a passage 
 through the obstructions if a land force 
 would engage the fort. The scheme seemed 
 feasible to Howe, and he detailed to execute 
 it, two regiments of infantry, under Colonel 
 Stirling. Crossing the river from Chester, 
 Stirling fell furiously u.pon the inferior gar- 
 rison of the fort, which was not finished, 
 who spiked their cannon, set fire to their 
 barracks and fled in dismay. The English 
 
 FORT MIFFJ^IN. 
 
 Exi'i.ANATluN. — a the inner rctloiibt ; b b h iiliigh fiXfLl stone wall, 
 built by Monti-oasorj witli indentations wlievetlie soldiers boiled tlieir 
 kettles (this wall wjis pierced with loop-holes for ninslcetry) ; c c c c 
 block-houso, bnilt of wood, with loop-holc.s and mounting four 
 pieces of cannon each, two on the lower platform ; d d d barraclts ; 
 6 c e stockades ; /./"/ trosa de Loup ; g rj ravines. On tlie south side 
 were two-story pieces of battery, mounting three cannon. 
 
 completed the demolition of the works, while 
 Captain Hammond made a pas.sage through 
 the obstructious wide enough to permit the 
 stpiadroD of six men-of-war to sail through 
 and up to Hog Island, where they anchored. 
 Lossing's " Field-Book of the Revolu- 
 tion," says, — 
 
 " Howe now determined to make a general sweep 
 of all the American works on the Delaware, and 
 preparatory thereto he called in his outposts, and 
 
 concentrated his whole army near to and within 
 Philadelphia. Two Rhode Island regiments, be- 
 longing to General Varnum's brigade, under Col- 
 onel Christopher Greene, garris.oned the fort at 
 Red Bank, and about the same number of the 
 Maryland Line, under Lieutenant-Colonel Samuel 
 Smith, occupied Fort Mifflin. The American 
 fleet, consisting chiefly of galleys and floating 
 batteries, was commanded by Commodore Hazel- 
 wood. It was quite as important to the Ameri- 
 cans to maintain these forts and defend the river 
 obstructions as it was to the British to destroy 
 them. It was, therefore, determined to hold them 
 to the last extremity, for it was evident that such 
 continued possession would force Howe to evacu- 
 ate Philadelphia." 
 
 Washington's letter of instructions to Col- 
 onel Greene, dated October 7, 1777, displays 
 his solicitude that Fort Mercer should be 
 held. He wrote, — 
 
 "I have directed General Varnum to send your 
 regiment and that of Colonel Angell to Red Bank by 
 a route which has been marked out to him. The 
 command of that detachment will, of course, devolve 
 upon you, with which you will proceed with all ex- 
 pedition and throw yourself into that place. Wheu 
 you arrive there you will immediately communicate 
 to Colonel Smith, commander of thegarrison atFort 
 Mifflin, and Commodore Hazelwood, commander 
 of the fleet ia the river. You are to co-operate 
 with them in every measure necessary for the 
 defense of the obstructions in the river, and to 
 counteract every attempt the enemy may make for 
 their removal. You will find a very good fortifica- 
 tion at Red Bank ; but if anything should be 
 requisite to render it stronger, or proportion it to 
 the size of your garrison, you will have it done. The 
 cannon you will stand in need of, as much as can be 
 spared, will be furnished from the galleys at Fort 
 Mifiiin, from whence you will also derive supplies 
 of military stores. I have sent Captain Duplessis, 
 with some otficers and men, to take the immediate 
 direction of the artillery for your garrison. He is 
 also to superintend any works that may be neces- 
 sary. If there be any deficiency of the men for 
 the artillery, the security of the garrison will 
 require you to assist them in the few additional 
 ones from your detachment. You should not lose 
 a moment's time in getting to the place of your 
 destination and making every preparation for its 
 defense. Any delay might give the enemy an 
 opportunity of getting there before you, which 
 could not fail of being most fatal in its conse- 
 
THE "WAR OT" THE REVOLUTION. 
 
 49 
 
 quences. If in the progress of -your march you 
 should fall in with any detachment of the enemy, 
 bending towards the same obiect and likely to 
 gain it before you, and from intelligence should 
 have reason to think yourself equal to the task, 
 you will by all means attack them and endeavor by 
 that means to disappoint their design. 
 
 " I have written to General Newcomb, of the 
 Jersey militia, to give you all the aid in his power, 
 for which you will accordingly apply, when neces- 
 sary. Upon the whole, sir, you will be pleased to 
 remember that the post with which you are now 
 intrusted is of the utmost importance to America 
 and demands every exertion of which you are 
 capable for its security and defense. The whole 
 defense of the Delaware absolutely depends upon 
 it ; consequently all the enemy's hope of keeping 
 Philadelphia and finally succeeding in the object 
 of the present campaign." 
 
 was an elder among Friends, yet the urbanity and 
 politeness of the German soldier so won upon him 
 that he was kindly remembered ever after. The 
 inhabitants, however, suffered much from the dep- 
 redations of the common soldiers, who wantonly 
 destroyed their property and endangered their 
 lives. The presence of an officer in a house was a 
 protection against them, and every family sought 
 out one, with the promise of good entertainment 
 without cost, that it might be saved from destruc- 
 tion. These troops regarded the American people 
 as semi-barbarous, and that to destroy their prop- 
 erty was nothing more than they deserved. . . . 
 The sad defeat that attended them, and the death 
 of their commanding officer, completely demoral- 
 ized them and- they returned in detached bodies, 
 begging shelter and food of those they had so illy 
 treated. The transportation of the wounded 
 caused much trouble, and as a detachment ap- 
 
 Howe entrusted the capture of Fort Mer- 
 cer to Count Donop, a Hessian officer in the 
 British service, and gave him four battalions, 
 comprising twenty-five hundred Hessian vet- 
 erans. They crossed the Delaware at Coop- 
 ers Ferry on October 21st, and marched that 
 evening to Haddonfield. 
 
 Judge Clement says, in his " Revolution- 
 ary Reminiscences of Camden County," — 
 
 " The last encampment of the Hessian troops 
 under Count Donop, before the battle of Red Bank, 
 was in Haddonfield. It was across the street, near 
 the residence of John Gill (where now stands the 
 residence of the late John Gill, Esq.), extending 
 some distance into the fields. In this house Do- 
 nop had his headquarters, and although the owner 
 7 
 
 preached Haddonfield a farmer living near the 
 road was, with his horse and cart, pressed into the 
 service to carry some that were unable to walk 
 further. The appearance of armed men so terri- 
 fied the farmer that he neglected to fasten down 
 the front part of his vehicle, and when rising a 
 hill near the village, the weight of the men was 
 thrown on the back of the cart, and all were pitched 
 headlong into the road. The swearing of the sol- 
 diers in German, and the protestations of the farmer 
 in English, made things no belter ; but after many 
 threats the vehicle was properly secured and the 
 journey completed, much, no doubt, to the comfort 
 of all concerned. Becoming better acquainted 
 with the people, and finding the country much in 
 need of settlers, many (Hessians) deserted and re- 
 mained, afterwards becoming thrifty people and 
 good citizens." 
 
 Before daylight on the morning of the 
 22d the Hessians left Haddonfield, but as 
 the American pickets had destroyed the 
 
50 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 lower bridge over Timber Creek, they were 
 obliged to cross four miles above, at the pres- 
 ent Clement's bridge, and, because of this de- 
 lay, were not in front of Fort Mercer until 
 near noon.' Donop halted his command on 
 the edge of the woods to the north of the 
 fort and sent forward an officer with a flag 
 and a drummer, who summoned the garrison 
 to surrender. " The King of England," he 
 proclaimed, "orders his rebellious subjects 
 to lay down their arms, and they are warned, 
 that if they stand the battle, no quarters 
 whatever will be given." This threat of the 
 massacre of wounded and prisoners did not 
 daunt the Americans, Colonel Greene reply- 
 ing : " We ask no quarters, nor will we give 
 any." On the receipt of this defiant answer, 
 they hastily threw up an earthwork within 
 half cannon-shot of Fort Mercer, and at a 
 quarter before five o'clock advanced a battal- 
 ion on the north front under cover of a brisk 
 artillery fire. Reaching the first entrench- 
 ment, which they found abandoned, but not 
 
 1 The Marquis de Chastellux, the author of "Travels 
 in North America," visited Fort Mercer in company 
 with General Lafayette and M. du Plessis Mauduit, the 
 Dnplessis mentioned in Washington's letter to Colonel 
 Greene, who was a highly capable French engineer and 
 artillerist. Chastellux wrote : " The bank of the Dela- 
 ware at this place is steep ; but even this steepness al- 
 lowed the enemy to approach the fort under cover and 
 without being exposed to the fire of the batteries. To 
 remedy this inconvenience, several galleys, armed with 
 cannon and destined to defend the chevaux-de-frise, 
 were posted the whole length of the escarpment and 
 took it in reverse. The Americans, little practiced in 
 the art of fortifications, and always disposed to take 
 works beyond their strength, had made those at Red 
 Bank too extensive. When M. du Mauduit obtained 
 permission to be sent thither by Colonel Greene, he im- 
 mediately set about reducing the fortifications by inter- 
 secting them from east to west, which transformed them 
 into a large redoubt nearly of a pentagonal form. A 
 good earthen rampart raised to the height of the cor- 
 don, a fosse and an abatis in front of the fosse consti- 
 tuted the whole strength of this post, in which were 
 placed three hundred men and fourteen pieces of can- 
 non." The authors of the "New Jersey Historical Col- 
 lections" assert that a great portion of the garrison 
 were negroes and mulattoes and all were in a ragged 
 destitute condition. 
 
 destroyed, they-imagined that they had driven 
 the Americans away, and, waving their hats 
 and with shouts of victory, rushed toward 
 the redoubt, led by the officer and drumtner 
 
 FORT MEECEB. 
 
 PLAN OF FOHT MERnER, AT RED BANK, NEW JBESEY. 
 
 References. 
 
 A. End of the fort at which the HeESians entered. 
 
 B. Small ditch, cross embankment and location of the masked bat- 
 
 tery, 
 e. Remains of the hickory-tree used during the battle as a flag staff. 
 
 D. Ruins of a brick wall in the middle of the artificial bank.— Gate- 
 
 way. 
 
 E. Count Donop's grave. 
 
 F. Louis Whitall's house. 
 
 G* Monument, erected in 1829. 
 
 H. Pleasure-house. 
 
 I. Marks of the trenches in which the slain were deposited. 
 
 K. Eoad the Hessians marched to the attack.— Reeve's old road. 
 
 L. Tenant House. 
 
 M. Road to Woodbury. 
 
 N. Direction of Fort Mifflin. 
 
 0. Farm Road. 
 
 Note.— The works represented extend about 360 yards in a right 
 line. 
 
 who had previously communicated with 
 Greene under the flag of truce. According 
 to the account given by the Marquis de 
 
THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION. 
 
 51 
 
 Chastellux, who received it from M. du Pies- 
 sis Mauduit, " they had already reached the 
 abatis aad were endeavoring to tear up or 
 cut away the branches when they were over- 
 whelmed with a shower of musket-shot, 
 which took thein in front and flank ; for, as 
 chance would have it, a part of the courtine 
 of the old entrenchment, which had not been 
 destroyed, formed a projection at this very 
 part of the intersection." M. du Mauduit 
 had contrived to form it into a sort of ca- 
 poniere (or trench with loop-holes), into which 
 he threw some men, who flanked the enemy's 
 left and fired on them at close shot. Officers 
 were seen every moment rallying their men, 
 marching back to the abatis and falling 
 amidst the branches they were endeavoring 
 to cut. Colonel Donop was particularly dis- 
 tinguished by the marks of the order he 
 wore, by his handsome figure and by his 
 courage. He was also seen to fall like the 
 rest. The Hessians, repulsed by the fire of 
 the redoubt, attempted to secure themselves 
 by attacking on the side of the escarpment, 
 but the fire from the galleys sent them back 
 with a great loss of men. At length they 
 relinquished the attack and regained the 
 woods in disorder. 
 
 " While this was passing on the north side, an- 
 other column made an attack on the south, and 
 more fortunate than the other, passed the abattis, 
 traversed the foBte and mounted the berm, but 
 they were stopped by the /raises, and M. du Mau- 
 duit running to this post as soon as he saw the 
 first assailants give way, the others were obliged 
 to follow their example. They still did not dare, 
 however, to stir out of the fort, fearing a surprise, 
 but M. du Mauduit, wishing to replace some pali- 
 sades that had been torn up, he sallied out with a 
 few men and was surprised to find about twenty 
 Hessians standing on the berm and stuck up 
 against the shelf of the parapet. These soldiers, 
 who had been bold enough to advance thus far — 
 sensible that there was more risk in returning 
 and not thinking proper to expose themselves— 
 were taken and brought into the fort. M. du 
 Mauduit . . . again sallied out with a detach- 
 ment, and it was then that he beheld the deplora- 
 ble ^ectacle of the dead and dying heaped one 
 
 upon another. A voice arose from these carcases 
 and said in English : ' Whoever you are, draw me 
 hence.' It was the voice of Colonel Donop. M. 
 du Mauduit made the soldiers lift him up and 
 carry him into the fort, where he was soon known. 
 He had his hip broken, but whether they did not 
 consider his weund as mortal, or that they were 
 heated by the battle and still irritated at the men- 
 aces thrown out against them a few hours before, 
 the Americans could not help saying aloud, ' Well, 
 is it determined to give no quarter?' 'I am in 
 your hands,' replied the colonel. ' You may re- 
 venge yourselves.' M. du Mauduit had no diffi- 
 culty in imposing silence and employed himself 
 only in taking care of the wounded officer. The 
 latter, perceiving he spoke bad English, said to 
 him : ' You appear to me a foreigner, sir ; who are 
 you?' ' A French officer,' replied the other. ' Je 
 suis content,' said Donop, making use of our lan- 
 guage, ' Je meurs entre les mains de I'honneur 
 meme ' (I am content ; I die in the hands of 
 honor itself)" 
 
 Donop was first taken to the Whitall ' res- 
 idence, just below the fort, and afterwards to 
 the home of the Lowes, south of Woodbury 
 Creek, where he died three days after the 
 battle, saying to M. du Mauduit in his last 
 moments : " It is finishing a noble career 
 early ; but I die the victim of my ambition 
 and the avarice of my sovereign." To Col- 
 onel Clymer he said ; " See in me the vanity 
 of all human pride ! I have shone in all the 
 courts of Europe, and now I am dying here 
 
 1 Mickle and Lossing insist on the truth of the anec- 
 dote concerning Mrs. Ann Whitall. It runs that when 
 the battle begun she was spinning in an upper room of 
 the house. She had refused to leave it. Presently a 
 shot from one of the British vessels crashed through 
 the wall and lodged in a partition near where she was 
 sitting, whereupon she carefully removed her wheel to 
 the cellar and continued at her work until the wounded 
 were brought to the house and she was called upon to 
 attend them. The Whitalls were Friends and their 
 peace doctrines were incomprehensible to Du Mauduit. 
 He thought Mr. Whitall was a Tory and therefore or- 
 dered his barn torn down and his orchard destroyed. 
 The old house stands a short distance south from the fort 
 and close to the river-bank. It is a brick structure, 
 and is now one hundred and thirty-eight years old, as 
 appears from the date of its erection cut in the north 
 end, where the characters "J. A. W." (.Tames and 
 Anna Wiitall) may still be seen. 
 
52 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 ou the banks of the Delaware in the house 
 of an obscure Quaker." 
 
 The loss of the Americans was fourteen 
 killed, twenty-seven wounded and a captain 
 taken prisoner while reconnoitering. Some 
 of these casualties were due to the bursting 
 of a cannon in the fort. The Hessians lost 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Mingrode, three captains, 
 four lieutenants and near seventy privates 
 killed, and Count Donop, his brigade-major, 
 a captain, lieutenant and upwards of seventy 
 non-commissioned officers and privates wound- 
 ed and made prisonei's. The Hessians' slain 
 were buried in the fosse soutii of the fort. 
 Count Donop was interred near the spot 
 where he fell and a stone placed over him witii 
 
 (then in the British service), at Red Banlc, on the 
 22d Octo., 1777. Among the wounded was found 
 their commandei-, Count Donop, who died of his 
 wounds and whose body lies interred near the spot 
 where he fell." 
 
 This is the inscription on the west side, — 
 
 " A number of the New Jersey and Pennsylva- 
 nia Volunteers, being desirous to perpetuate the 
 memory of the distinguished officers and soldiers 
 who fought and bled in the glorious struggle for 
 x-i-uierican Independence, have erected this monu- 
 ment on the 22d day of Octo., A.D. 1829." 
 
 After their overwhelming repulse the Hes- 
 sians retreated hastily towards Coopers Fer- 
 ry. The main Ijody went by way of Clem- 
 ent's Bridge, some by way of Blackwood- 
 town, and some by Chews Landing, near 
 
 M1'I> rsLAND, 1? 
 
 the inscription, " Here lies buried ( 'ount 
 Donop." 
 
 Greeue's defense of the fort was highly ap- 
 plauded and Congress ordered the Board of 
 War to present him with a handsome sword, 
 which was sent to his family after the War, 
 he having been murdered by Torv dragoons 
 under Colonel Delancy at his quarters near 
 Croton River, Westchester Comity, N. Y. 
 On the anniversary of the battle of Red 
 Bank in 1829 a marble monument, which 
 had been erected by the contributions of New- 
 Jersey and Pennsylvania Volunteers, was 
 unveiled within the northern line of the out- 
 works of the fort and within a few feet of 
 the margin of the Delaware. On its south 
 side was inscribed, — 
 
 "This monument was erected on the 22d Octo., 
 1829, to transmit to Posterity a grateful remem- 
 brance of the Patriotism and gallantry of Lieuten- 
 ant-Colonel Christopher Greene, who, with 400 
 men, conquered the Hessian army of 2000 troops 
 
 where, it is .stated on the authority of Mickle, 
 they were met by a company of farmers' 
 boys and held at bay for some time. This 
 detachment liad with them a brass cannon, 
 which they are supposed to have thrown into 
 Timber Creek at Clement's Bridge. 
 
 Judge Clement has recently made the fol- 
 lowing addition to his reminiscences : 
 
 " Martin Cox, a blacksmith, who plied his call- 
 ing at Chews Landing, was an enthusiastic Whig, 
 and repaired the various arms used by the soldiers. 
 The day of the battle of Red Bank he started for 
 the fort to return a number of muskets to the 
 troops of that place, but finding that he could 
 not reach there by reason of the advance guard of 
 the Hessians, he buried them near by. He did 
 not return after the battle, and they were left in 
 the ground where he had placed them for many 
 years, and a tradition in his family explains the 
 cause of their being there when found." 
 
 From a brief mention made by Mickle, it 
 appears that in their march on Fort Mercer 
 the Hessians were guided by some country- 
 
THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION. 
 
 53 
 
 men, who were afterwards fearfully punished 
 for their treachery to America. He writes, — 
 
 " Donop pressed several persons whom he found 
 along the route into his service as pilots, among 
 whom was a negro belonging to the Cooper family, 
 called Old Mitch, who was at work by the Cooper's 
 Creek bridge. A negro named Dick, belonging to 
 the gallant Colonel Ellis, and an infamous white 
 scoundrel named Mcllvaine, volunteered their 
 services as guides. At the bar of the Haddoniield 
 tavern these loyal fellows were very loud in their 
 abuse of the American cause ; but their insolence, 
 as we shall see, was soon repaid. . . . Dick and 
 Mcllvaine, the guides, having been taken prison- 
 ers by the Americans, were immediately hung 
 within the fort for divers outrages which they had 
 committed. Old Mitch, the other pilot, lived until 
 recently (1845) to tell to groups of admiring Cam- 
 den boys how terribly he was scared in this mem- 
 orable fight. Resolved not to bear arms against 
 his country, and being afraid to run away, he got 
 behind a hay-rick when the battle began, and lay 
 there flat on the ground until it was over." 
 
 Mickle is a usually reliable chronicler, but 
 there is no record to substantiate his state- 
 ment as to the execution of Dick and Mc- 
 llvaine. 
 
 Forts Mbroer and Mifflin Aban- 
 doned. — Waiting near Hog Island for the 
 signal-gun of Donop's attack were the Brit- 
 ish sixty-four-gun ship, the " Augusta," the 
 " Roebuck " and two other frigates, the sloop 
 " Merlin " and a galley. When that gun was 
 fired they stood up the river with the inten- 
 tion of cannonading the American positions, 
 but were held back by the stubborn fire of 
 Hazlewood's little squadron. The next morn- 
 ing the battle was renewed, the British and 
 American fleets and Forts Mifflin and Mer- 
 cer all taking part. The British commander 
 aimed to work his floating batteries into the 
 channel between Mud (Fort) Island and the 
 Pennsylvania shore, in order to shell Mifflin 
 from its rear, but each effort was thwarted by 
 the vigilance and the effective great gun ser- 
 vice of the patriots. By noon the enemy found 
 that it was impossible to force the passage of 
 the river by direct assault, and made prepara- 
 tions to retire. A hot shot had pierced the 
 
 " Augusta " and set her on fire. Becoming un- 
 manageable, she drifted towards the New 
 Jersey shore and went hard and fast aground, 
 her ship's company escaping to the other ves- 
 sels. When the flames reached her magazine 
 she blew up. The " Merlin " met with precisely 
 the same fate, and at three o'clock blew up 
 near the mouth of Mud Creek. The " Roe- 
 buck " and her remaining consorts then gave 
 up the fight and left the Americans the pres- 
 ent masters of the Delaware. 
 
 But because the river was the only avenue 
 through which Howe could be certain of re- 
 ceiving supplies in Philadelphia, he again set 
 to work to open it for his ships. By Novem- 
 ber 1st lie had erected on Province Island, 
 a low mud bank between Fort Mifflin and 
 the Pennsylvania shore, five batteries of 
 heavy guns. On this side Fort MiffliD had 
 only a wet ditch without ravelin or abatis, 
 and a weak block-house at each of the angles. 
 The British also brought to bear upon the 
 fort four sixty-four-gun ships and two forty- 
 gun ships, besides a floating battery of 
 twenty-two twenty-four pounders, which was 
 moved within forty yards of an angle of the 
 fort. Lossing gives the following narrative 
 of the bombardment that followed : 
 
 " On the 10th of November the enemy opened 
 their batteries on land and water, and for six con- 
 secutive days poured a storm of bombs and round 
 shot upon the devoted fortification. With con- 
 summate skill and courage, Lieutenant-Colonel 
 Smith directed the responses from the ordnance of 
 the fort. The artillery, drawn chiefly from Colonel 
 Lamb's regiment, were commanded by Lieutenant 
 Treat, who was killed on the first day of the siege 
 by the bursting of a bomb. On that day the bar- 
 racks alone suffered, but on the morning of the 
 11th the direction of the enemy's fire was changed ; 
 a dozen of the strong palisades were demolished 
 and a cannon in an embrasure was disabled. The 
 firing did not cease until midnight and many of the 
 garrison were killed or wounded. Colonel Smith, 
 the commander, had a narrow escape. He had just 
 gone into the barracks to write a letter to General 
 Varnum when a ball passed through the chimney. 
 He was struck by the scattered bricks and for a 
 time lay senseless. He was taken across to Red 
 
54 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTS, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Bank, and the command devolved upon Lieuten- 
 ant-Colonel Russell, of the Connecticut Line. 
 That officer was disabled by fatigue and ill health, 
 and Major Thayer, of the Rhode Island Line, 
 volunteered to take his place. Major Henry, who 
 sent daily reports to Washington of the progress of 
 the siege, was also wounded on the 11th, but he 
 continued with the garrison. On the 12th a two- 
 gun battery of the Americans was destroyed, the 
 northwest block-house and laboratory were blown 
 up, and the garrison were obliged to seek shelter 
 within the fort. At sunrise on the 13th thirty 
 armed boats made their appearance, and during 
 that night the heavy floating batter j' was brought 
 to bear on the fort. It opened with terrible effect 
 on the morning of the 14th, yet that little garrison 
 of 300 men managed to silence it before noon. 
 
 "Hitherto the enemy did not know the real 
 weakness of the garrison ; on that day a deserter in 
 a boat carried information, of that fact to the 
 British, who were seriously thinking of abandon- 
 ing the siege, for they had suffered much. Hope 
 was revived and preparations were made for a 
 general and more vigorous assault. At daylight 
 on the 15th the 'Iris' and ' Somerset,' men-of-war, 
 passed up the east channel to attack the fort in 
 front. Several frigates were brought to bear on 
 Fort Mercer, and the ' Vigilant,' an East Indiaman 
 of twenty twenty-four pounders, and a hulk with 
 three twenty-four pounders made their way 
 through a narrow channel on the western side and 
 gained a position to act in concert with the bat- 
 teries on Province Island in enfilading the Ameri- 
 can works. At ten o'clock, while all was silent, a 
 signal bugle sent forth its summons to action, and 
 instantly the land batteries and the shipping 
 poured forth a terrible storm of missiles upon Fort 
 Mifflin. The little garrison sustained the shock 
 with astonishing intrepidity, and far into the gloom 
 of the evening an incessant cannonade was kept 
 up. Within an hour the only two cannons in the 
 fort that had not been dismounted shared the fate 
 of the others. Every man who appeared on the 
 platform was killed by the musketeers in the tops 
 of the ships, whose yards almost hung over the 
 American battery. Long before night not a pali- 
 sade was left; the embrasures were ruined; the 
 whole parapet leveled; the blockhouses were 
 already destroyed. Early in the evening Major 
 Thayer sent all the remnant of the garrison to Red 
 Bank, excepting forty men, with whom he re- 
 mained. Among these was the brave Captain 
 {afterwards Commodore) Talbot, of the Rhode 
 Island Line, who was wounded in the hip, having 
 fought for hours with his wrist shattered by a mus- 
 
 ket-ball. At midnight, every defence and every 
 shelter being swept away, Thayer and his men set 
 fire to the remains of the barracks, evacuated the 
 fort and escaped in safety to Red Bank. Altogether, 
 it was one of the most gallant and obstinate de- 
 fences made during the war. In the course of the 
 last day more than a thousand discharges of can- 
 non, from twelve to thirty-two pounders, were 
 made against the works on Mud Island. Nearly 
 250 men of the garrison were killed and wounded. 
 The loss of the British was great ; the number was 
 not certainly known." 
 
 Washington, shut up in his camp at 
 Whitemarsh, could not send a man to the 
 defense of Fort Mifflin, but he was now able 
 to detach Huntington's brigade to join that 
 of Varnum in JSTew Jersey, and ordered 
 General Greene with his division to oppose 
 Cornwallis, who had crossed the Delaware 
 from Chester to Billingsport, on November 
 18th, to attack Fort Mercer. Greene crossed 
 at Burlington and marched toward Red 
 Bank, but as he was disappointed in his 
 expectation of being joined by Glover's bri- 
 gade, and believing Cornwallis to be much 
 superior to himself in numbers, he gave up 
 the notion of a battle and marched off 
 tovi'ard Haddonfield. Colonel Greene, thus 
 abandoned to his fate, evacuated Fort Mercer 
 on November 20th, leaving his artillery, 
 ammunition and some stores for Cornwallis, 
 who distnantled the fort and demolished the 
 works. The latter received reinforcements 
 until he had fully five thousand men, with 
 whom he took position at Gloucester Point. 
 Morgan's rifle corps joined General Greene, 
 but the Americans were not strong enough 
 to venture a regular attack on the euemy. 
 The American fleet, no longer supported by 
 the forts, sought other places of safety. On 
 the night of November 21st the galleys, one 
 brig and two sloops in the darkness stole 
 cautiously along the Jersey shore past the 
 British guns and arrived at Burlington in 
 safety. Seventeen other craft were aban- 
 doned by their crews and burned to the 
 water's edge at Gloucester. The enemy were 
 in unvexed possession of the Delaware from 
 
THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION. 
 
 55 
 
 Philadelphia to the ocean. In 1872 the 
 United States government purchased a hun- 
 dred acres of the river front at Red Bank, 
 and since then the vestiges of the embank- 
 ments and trenches of Fort Mercer have 
 been preserved. 
 
 Skirmishes Around Gloucester. — 
 Both General Greene and Lord Cornwallis 
 retired from the Gloucester vicinage early in 
 the winter, but before they did so some very 
 interesting incidents occurred there and 
 a,bout Haddonfield, which are graphically 
 described by Isaac Mickle and Judge 
 Clement. 
 
 On the evening of November 25, 1777, 
 General. Lafayette, notwithstanding that he 
 was suffering from an unclosed wound, came 
 out from Greene's camp at Haddonfield with 
 the intention of reconnoitering Cornwallis. 
 His zeal carried him close up to the British 
 lines, upon the sandy peninsula south of the 
 outlet of Timber Creek, and he was pursued 
 by a squad of dragoons. He reported the 
 encounter to Washington in the subjoined 
 language : 
 
 "After having spent the most part of the day in 
 making myself well acquainted with the certainty 
 of the enemy's motions, I came pretty late into 
 the Gloucester road between the two creeks. I 
 had ten light horse, almost one hundred and fifty 
 riflemen and two pickets of militia. Colonel 
 Armand, Colonel Laumoy and Chevaliers Du- 
 plessis and Gimat were the Frenchmen with me. 
 A scout of men under Duplessis went to ascertain 
 how near to Gloucester were the enemy's first 
 pickets, and they found at the distance of two 
 and a half miles from that place a strong post of 
 three hundred and fifty Hessians with field-pieces, 
 and they engaged immediately. As my little 
 reconnoitering party were all in fine spirits, I 
 supported them. We pushed the Hessians more 
 than half a mile from the place where their main 
 body had been, and we made them run very fast. 
 British reinforcements came twice to them, but 
 very far from recovering their ground, they always 
 retreated. The darkness of the night prevented 
 us from pursuing our advantage. After standing 
 on the ground we had gained I ordered them to 
 return very slowly to Haddonfield. I take great 
 pleasure in letting you know that the conduct of 
 
 our soldiers was above all praise. I never saw 
 men so merry, so spirited and so desirous to go on 
 to the enemy, whatever force they might have, as 
 that small party in this little fight." 
 
 It was on this occasion that Morgan's 
 Rangers drew from Lafayette the notable 
 compliment: "I found them even above 
 their reputation." They were commanded 
 by Lieutenant-Colonel Butler. The Ameri- 
 cans had only one man killed and six 
 wounded, while the British lost about sixty 
 in killed, wounded and prisoners. 
 
 In the latter part of February, 1778, 
 General Anthony Wayne came into Lower 
 Jersey to gather cattle and horses for the 
 American army, and Howe dispatched 
 Colonel Stirling .with two battalions to 
 impede him. 
 
 Major Simcoe, with the Queen's Rang- 
 ers, a very efficient corps of Tories re- 
 cruited in New York and Connecticut, 
 occupied Haddonfield, while Stirling re- 
 mained near Coopers Ferry with a reserve. 
 Simcoe occupied the main street with his 
 troops, and sent detachments to destroy 
 some barrels of tar near Timber Creek and 
 seize a lot of rum on the Egg Harbor road 
 east of the village. " Mad Anthony " quickly 
 whirled his little command down toward 
 the river from Mount Holly, and, in obedi- 
 ence to Stirling's orders, Simcoe quitted 
 Haddonfield by night in a storm of sleet 
 and rain, and rejoined the reserve at Coopers 
 Ferry, with Wayne only a few miles distant. 
 Mickle says, — 
 
 "The next day (March Ist) a sharp skirmish 
 ensued between the Spicer's Ferry Bridge over 
 Coopers Creek and the place where the Camden 
 Academy now stands. Fifty British, picked out 
 from the Forty-second and the Rangers, having 
 been sent three or four miles up the direct road to 
 Haddonfield, for some remaining forage, were met 
 by Wayne's cavalry and forced to retreat to the 
 ferry. The Americans followed Up to the very 
 cordon of the enemy. The British were drawn 
 up in the following order : the Forty-second upon 
 the right. Colonel Markham in the centre and the 
 Queen's Rangers upon the left, with their left flank 
 
56 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 resting upon Coopers Creek- Captain Kerr and 
 Lieutenant Wickham were in the meanwhile em- 
 barking with their men to Philadelphia, and as the 
 Americans seemed disposed only to reconnoitre. 
 Colonel Markham's detachment and the horses also 
 started across the river. Just then a barn within 
 the cordon was fired, and the Americans, taking 
 this as evidence that only a few stragglers were 
 left upon the eastern shore, advanced and drove in 
 the pickets. The Forty-second moved forward in 
 line and the Eangers in column by companies, the 
 sailors drawing some three-pound cannon. A few 
 Americans appearing upon the Waterford side of 
 Coopers Creek, Captain Armstrong, with a com- 
 pany of Grenadiers, was ordered to line a dyke on 
 this side to watch them. 
 
 " Upon the right, in the neighborhood of the 
 Academy and the Hicksite Meeting-house, a heavy 
 fire was kept up by the Forty-second upon the 
 main body of the Americans, who were in the 
 woods along the Haddonfield road. The Eangers 
 on the left, toward the creek, only had to oppose 
 a few scattered cavalry, who were reconnoitering. 
 As Simcoe advanced rapidly to gain an eminence 
 in front, which he conceived to be a strong and 
 advantageous position,' the cavalry retired to the 
 woods, except on officer, who reined back his horse 
 and facing the Rangers as they dashed on, slowly 
 waved his sword for his attendants to retreat. The 
 English Light Infantry came within fifty yards of 
 him, when one of them called out ' you are a brave 
 fellow, but you must go away ? ' The undaunted 
 officer paying no attention to the warning, one 
 McGill, afterwards a quartermaster, was ordered to 
 fire at him. He did so and wounded the horse, 
 but the rider was unscathed and soon joined his 
 comrades in the woods a little way off." 
 
 This brave officer was Count Pulaski, who 
 had command of the cavalry. In this skir- 
 mish several of Simcoe's Rangers were 
 wounded and Sergeant McPherson, of the 
 Grenadiers, was killed. A cannonading was 
 kept up from the eminence which Simcoe had 
 occupied upon some of the Americans, who 
 were removing the plank from Cooper's 
 Bridge, but it proved harmless. So persistent 
 were the efforts of the Americans to drive 
 their enemies away from about Coopers 
 Ferry, that a series of entrenchments was 
 
 1 About the crossing of the Camden and Atlantic and 
 Camden and Amboy Railroads, formerly Dogwoodtown. 
 
 thrown up, extending from the creek west- 
 erly toward the river, and the timber there- 
 abouts was so cut as to obstruct the move- 
 ments of troops coming from the interior. 
 The position was also protected by the can- 
 non of vessels lying in the river, and thus 
 the British were saved from the abandon- 
 ment of the place. 
 
 While Wayne was posted in Haddonfield 
 some of his men made a reconnoissance of the 
 British at Gloucester, and were discovered and 
 pursued by a superior force. A running 
 fight ensued, which lasted nearly from 
 Gloucester Point to the American lines, but 
 the British suffered much the greater loss. 
 The most prominent man in this action on 
 the American side was Colonel Ellis, of the 
 Gloucester militia. Soon afterward the 
 whole British force at Gloucester moved on 
 Wayne at Haddonfield by night, but found 
 onl)' his empty quarters. 
 
 On this occasion occurred the daring ex- 
 ploit of Miles Sage, a vidette in Ellis' regi- 
 ment, who, with a comriade named Chew, 
 as stated by Judge Clement : 
 
 " Detected the enemy's movements and rode in 
 great haste to inform Colonel Ellis. Chew taking 
 a shorter route and swimming his horse across 
 Newton Creek, was the first to reach Haddonfield, 
 and Ellis' regiment marched out just as the British 
 marched in. The colonel was so corpulent that 
 he fell behind his men, and but for the darkness of 
 the night would have been .taken prisoner. 
 
 "The intelligence brought by Chew created 
 great consternation in the town, and every precau- 
 tion was taken to mislead the enemy by putting 
 out the lights in the dwellings and the families 
 retiring to bed. A colored servant in the family 
 of Mrs. Abigail Blackwood, widow of Samuel 
 Blackwood, then living in Tanner Street, 
 was sent with the children to their room and 
 strictly enjoined to extinguish the candle. To 
 gratify her curiosity, however, she placed it on the 
 window ledge, which attracted the attention of the 
 soldiers, who at once surrounded the house. John 
 Blackwood, a son of the widow, then a lad, was 
 captured, taken into the street and made to tell 
 what he knew of Colonel Ellis and his regiment. 
 While attempting, by the light of a few torches 
 and surrounded by the excited soldiers, to show 
 
THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION. 
 
 57 
 
 the direction of the retreating troops, Miles Sage 
 rode up and asked the boy very much the same 
 question he was endeavoring to answer the others. 
 His reply was that they had gone, 'some one 
 way and some another.' At this moment Sage 
 discovered that he was in the midst of British 
 soldiers, who at the same time noticed that he 
 was an American. 
 
 "Sage at once put spurs to his horse, rode 
 hastily into the main street and towards the 
 northerly part of the village. He was fired upon 
 as he vanished in the darkness, but escaped until 
 he reached the upper hotel, where his horse was 
 wounded and he fell to the ground. Before Sage 
 could disengage himself from the saddle he was 
 attacked by the guard, stabbed in various places 
 about his body, and left for dead in the street. By 
 order of a Scotch officer he was carried into a 
 small building on the north side of the street near 
 the present Temperance House, where he was 
 attended by a surgeon of the army." 
 
 Ojq examination it was found that he had 
 thirteen bayonet wounds, and he was put in 
 the care of some women, one of whom became 
 the mother of Governor Stratton. Being 
 besought to prepare for death, he exclaimed : 
 " Why, Martha, I mean to give the enemy 
 thirteen rounds yet." He lived to tell his 
 grandchildren of his perilous adventure. 
 
 Simeoe had a narrow escape while halted 
 at Haddonfield with his battalion. Says the 
 same authority above given, — 
 
 " On one occasion, while resting his horse near 
 the brow of the hill, opposite the present residence 
 of William Mann, Major Simeoe heard the whist- 
 ling of a rifle ball near him and saw two persons 
 on the opposite hill. He ordered Lieutenant 
 Whitlock to take a few drigoons and capture 
 them. These persons proved to be John Kain 
 (brother of Joseph Hinchman's wife) and Benja- 
 min Butler, two young men who secured the loan 
 of a rifle of Joseph Collins (then living on the 
 farm now owned by Logan Paul) for the purpose 
 of hunting. They had proceeded along the road 
 as far as where Jacob Dodd now lives, from which 
 point Simeoe was plainly in view, and could not 
 resist the temptation of shooting at a British 
 officer. After this exploit they thought best to 
 return to the house, when Diana Collins, a daugh- 
 ter of Joseph, discovered the dragoons' in pursuit 
 and shouted to the young men to escape. Kain 
 turned down the creek into the swamp and evaded 
 
 the soldiers, while Butler ran up the hill and 
 secreted himself in the bushes, and but for his 
 curiosity in watching the men and horses as they 
 passed would also have escaped. He, however, 
 left his hiding-place, went back into the road, was 
 discovered, and after a hot chase captured. He 
 was taken to Philadelphia, thence to the prison- 
 ships at New York, and kept for a long time. Al- 
 though not the guilty one, as Kain handled the 
 gun, he suffered a terrible punishment, from the 
 effects of which his health was never fully restored. 
 He did not return for about three years, and when 
 he visited the spot where he had secreted himself, 
 found his hat that had been lost in the scuflle at 
 the time." 
 
 The first British encampment at Coopers 
 Point was made by General Abercrombie, 
 who had his headquarters in the house that 
 was afterwards bought by Joseph W. Cooper. 
 The quarters of the Forty-third Regiment, 
 Colonel Shaw, and several Highland and 
 Hessian regiments were at the old Middle 
 Ferry House, sometimes called English's. 
 Mickle says, — 
 
 " The British lines reached from the Point down 
 the Delaware nearly to Market Street, Camden, 
 thence up to the site of the present academy at the 
 corner of Sixth and Market Streets, and thence 
 about northeast across to Coopers Creek. The re- 
 mains of their redoubts were visible until a few 
 years ago." 
 
 The same authority says, — 
 
 In March, 1778, soon after the retreat of Simeoe 
 from Haddonfield, Pulaski, with a considerable 
 body of Continental troopers, came close under 
 the British lines to reconnoitre. The enemy, 
 anticipating his approach, placed an ambush upon 
 both sides of the road leading from the bridge to 
 the Middle Ferry, in the neighborhood of the 
 present Friends' meeting-house, under the com- 
 mand of Colonel Shaw. As Pulaski approached, 
 a good way in advance of his men, a stanch 
 Whig, William West, mounted a log and waved 
 his hat as a signal of retreat. Pulaski took the 
 hint, hastily wheeled his men and saved them 
 from slaughter. About the same time a hot fight 
 took place at Coopers Creek Bridge, where the 
 Englishmen surprised a party of militia. Several 
 of the latter were killed and the rest captured. 
 Most of the Gloucester fighting men enlisted early 
 in the war and were marched to Fort Washington, 
 where they were taken and confined on board of 
 
58 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 the British prison-ship ' Jersey,' through the horrors 
 of which but few ever lived to return home. Most 
 of the minute-men, therefore, who annoyed the 
 British in the neighborhood of Philadelphia were 
 very young. They fought bravely and sold their 
 lives whenever they were overpowered as dearly 
 as possible. 
 
 " Among the American Rangers who distin- 
 guished themselves in forays in the west end of 
 Newton, none were more eminent than John Stokes 
 and Kinsey, or, as he was generally called, Taph 
 Bennett. Stokes was a man of unconquerable 
 energy, and some of his feats equal anything ever 
 told of Jasper or MacDonald. He was continually 
 hanging upon the lines of the enemy, and was in 
 hourly danger of his life. His courage and activ- 
 ity, however, could relieve him from any dilemma. 
 He lived through the war to tell of his hair- 
 breadth escapes at many a social party. Taph was 
 a kindred spirit. Like Stokes, he had pricked 
 many an Englishman who dreamed not of a rebel 
 being within ten leagues ; and it is said he gen- 
 erally cut off his foeman's thumb to prove his 
 prowess to his comrades." 
 
 Local Incidents of the Wae. — The 
 Tories and Hessians burned the houses of 
 many staunch patriots in old Gloucester, 
 among them the mansion of the Huggs, near 
 Timber Creek bridge, and that of the Harri- 
 sons, close to the Point. The Hugg family 
 were punished in this fashion for having 
 given two officers and several privates to the 
 patriot armies. The women were as cour- 
 ageous as the men. Mrs. Hugg, the mother 
 of Colonel Joseph Hugg, met the intruders 
 who were foraging in her poultry-yard. " Do 
 you," she stormed at them, " call yourselves 
 soldiers and come thus to rob undefended 
 premises ? I have sons who are in Wash- 
 ington's army. They are gentlemen and not 
 such puppies as you." Within a few days 
 her house and out-buildings were burned to 
 the ground. 
 
 Most of the houses along Coopers Creek 
 were sacked by the enemy, unless their occu- 
 pants were Tories. A young British officer 
 made a requisition at the dwelling of the 
 Champions for their best horse. He got an 
 unbroken colt, which threw him into a pond, 
 and in revenge he had his men plunder the 
 
 house. An old gentleman named Ellis bur- 
 ied his specie near his house at night by the 
 light of a lantern to save it from the maraud- 
 ers. The light betrayed him to the spies 
 lurking about, and when he next visited the 
 spot his treasure was gone. 
 
 In the Haddonfield budget of legend and 
 history are many narratives that serve to 
 illustrate the Revolutionary epoch. A Scotch 
 regiment which was encamped about the cen- 
 tre of the town in the winter of 1777-78 
 made many friends by soldierly conduct. The 
 boys of the village soon ingratiated them- 
 selves into the good graces of the men and 
 exchanged some game for powder. They 
 were subjects of much curiosity because of 
 wearing the full Highland uniform. 
 
 Robert Blaekwell, D.D., an Episcopal 
 clergyman, who became a chaplain in the 
 American army at the opening of the strug- 
 gle and remained until the end, was a resi- 
 dent of Haddoniield ; his house stood on 
 the east side of Main Street and opposite 
 Tanner Street. 
 
 Mrs. Annie Howell, the daughter of Mrs. 
 Abigail Blackwood and widow of Colonel 
 Joshua L. Howell, of Fancy Hill, Gloucester 
 County, was a child in Haddoniield during 
 the war and retained vivid recollections of 
 Lafayette and Pulaski. The former took 
 frequent notice of her, and she never forgot 
 him as an affable, courtly French gentleman. 
 The jewelry he wore was her special admira- 
 tion, and when in her old age she spoke of 
 him she never omitted to mention this fea- 
 ture of his dress. She would describe Pu- 
 laski in his dragoon uniform, wearing a 
 tightly-fitting green jacket and buckskin 
 breeches, mounted on a superb charger and 
 displaying his wonderful horsemanship to 
 the admiring soldiers. 
 
 Evacuation or Philadelphia and 
 Retreat of the British. — All the sur- 
 rounding country was overrun in June, 1778, 
 when the British evacuated Philadelphia, 
 crossed the Delaware at Gloucester and 
 
THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION. 
 
 59 
 
 marched to New York. They were four 
 days and nights passing through Haddon- 
 field, by reason of the munitions of war and 
 plunder with which they were loaded down. 
 Their wagon-trains seemed to stretch out in- 
 terminably. Bakeries, laundries, hospitals 
 and smith-shops were on wheels, as well as 
 boats, bridges, magazines and medicine-chests. 
 With occasional field work, the troops had 
 lounged the winter through in Philadelphia ; 
 they had stolen everything they could carry 
 on leaving there and along the line of march, 
 and were consequently weighted with lug- 
 gage. Judge Clement has preserved the me- 
 mories of the sufferings of the New Jersey 
 people caused by them. They brought with 
 them a host of camp followers, debased wo- 
 men, who would enter private houses, carry off 
 such things as they might select, and if inter- 
 fered with, would insult the owners by 
 wicked conduct and obscene language. They 
 were outside of military control, and the offi- 
 cers would not interfere with them. To save 
 what they might, the residents drove their 
 cattle to secret places, buried valuables and 
 household adornments in the ground and hid 
 their provisions. The lax discipline of the 
 British, however, was an eventual advantage 
 to the Americans, for it contributed to the 
 victory which Washington gained over them 
 at Monmouth on June 28th. 
 
 ^'he Haddonfield farmers formed a league 
 for the protection of their horses and cattle. 
 In a low, swampy piece of timber land, about 
 two miles east of the village, and familiarly 
 known as " Charleston," now part of the 
 farm of George C. Kay, Esq., several acres 
 were surrounded with a strong, high fence, 
 and there the stock was secluded whenever 
 in danger. Once the league's secret was be- 
 trayed by Jacob Wine, a man in their em- 
 ploy, and the British seized every animal 
 within the stockade, but in being removed 
 the horses were stampeded and fled into the 
 forests near Ellisburg, whence the owners 
 subsequently rescued them. 
 
 Some of Old Gloucester County's 
 Heroes. — The most prominent military 
 characters of the county of Gloucester at the 
 commencement of the War of the Revolu- 
 tion, were Colonels Joseph Ellis, Josiah 
 Hillman, Joseph Hugg and Robert Brown, 
 Major William Ellis, Captains Samuel Hugg, 
 John Stokes and John Davis. 
 
 Colonel Ellis had 'commanded a company 
 in Canada in the French and Indian War, 
 but on the opening of the issue between the 
 mother-country and the colonies he resigned 
 the commission he held of the King and was 
 made a colonel in the Gloucester militia. 
 He was in the battle of Monmouth and sev- 
 eral other engi^gements, in all of which he 
 fought bravely. 
 
 Colonel Hillman was esteemed a good offi- 
 cer and saw much hard service. 
 
 Colonel Hugg was appointed commissary 
 of purchase for West Jersey at an early 
 stage of the war, and in that capacity did 
 much for the cause. He was in the battles 
 of Germantown, Shorthills and Monmouth ; 
 and when the British crossed from Philadel- 
 phia to New York he was detailed to drive 
 away the stock along their line of march, in 
 performing which duty he had many narrow 
 escapes from the enemy's light horse. 
 
 Colonel Brown lived at Swedesboro', and 
 his regiment was chiefly employed in pre- 
 venting the enemy from landing from their 
 ships and restraining the excursions of the 
 refugees from Billingsport. 
 
 Major Ellis was taken prisoner early in 
 the war, and kept for a long time upon Long 
 Island. 
 
 Captain Samuel Hugg and Frederick Fre- 
 linghuysen were appointed by an act of the 
 Legislature to command the first two com- 
 panies of artillery raised in New Jersey — 
 Captain Hugg in the Western and Captain 
 Frelinghuysen in the Eastern Division. The 
 former soon raised his company, and in it 
 were a number of young men of fortune and 
 the first families in the State, the Westcoats, 
 
60 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Elmers, Seeleys and others, men who after- 
 wards occupied distinguished posts in the 
 local and national governments. This com- 
 pany was at the battles of Trenton and 
 Princeton. When the " Eoebuck," (44) was 
 engaged in protecting the operations against 
 the chevaux-de-frise at Billingsport, Captain 
 Hugg's artillerists threw up a small breast- 
 work on the Jersey shore and fought here 
 during a whole day ; but unfortunately their 
 first sergeant, William Ellis, was killed by 
 a cannon-ball, which took off both his legs 
 above the knees. This Ellis was an English- 
 man and had been for several years a recruit- 
 ing officer for the British service in Phila- 
 delphia. He joined the American cause 
 early — like his namesake, was a very brave 
 man — and died much regretted by his com- 
 panious-in-arms. 
 
 Captain Stokes commanded a company of 
 mere boys, made up from some of the best 
 families in Gloucester County. These fellows 
 were at the battle of Monmouth, but Colonel 
 Hillman sent them to the rear to guard the 
 baggage. Stokes was often heard to say 
 afterward that he " never saw so mad a set 
 of youngsters " as these were on being as- 
 signed to so safe a post. They cried with 
 rage at being stationed there after having 
 marched so far to see what fighting was. 
 
 Among those who enlisted in the service 
 from the Haddonfield region were John 
 Stafford, James B. Cooper and John Mapes. 
 Because of Stafford's stalwart figure and 
 erect military bearing, he was selected as one 
 of Washington's body-guard, but at the 
 battle of Germantown was so badly wounded 
 by a shot in the thigh that he was retired 
 from active service. Cooper and Mapes 
 fought in Harry Lee's Light Dragoons, and, 
 after the war, the former commanded several 
 merchant-ships sailing out of Philadelphia. 
 When hostilities with Great Britain began, 
 in ]812, he accepted a commission in the 
 United States navy, and rose to the rank of 
 post-captain. "Mapes," we are told by 
 
 Judge Clement, " settled a few miles from 
 the place and took much pleasure in con- 
 versing about the ' Old War,' as he called it. 
 He was a genial, pleasant man ; wore a 
 broad-brimmed hat, with his long clay pipe 
 twisted in the band, never passing an oppor- 
 tunity for using it. His familiar salutation 
 of ' My darling fellow,' whenever he met a 
 friend, is still remembered by the people, 
 whether it was at a public gathering or by 
 his own fireside. Not having much of this 
 world's goods, and living to a ripe old age, 
 the pension allotted him by Congress was 
 the means of making him comfortable in his 
 latter days." 
 
 Captain James B. Cooper was the only 
 child of Benjamin and Elizabeth (Hopwell) 
 Cooper, and was born at Coopers Point, Cam- 
 den. Although of Quaker ancestors and edu- 
 cated in the faith and belief of that Society, yet 
 in his youth being frequently the observant 
 of military excitement, he early in life 
 coveted the desire to become a soldier. 
 The home of his parents was for a time the 
 rendezvous of either American or British 
 troops, and as a boy he became familiar with 
 many stirring events of that period. His 
 father's commands nor his mother's persua- 
 sions and tender solicitude, would not deter 
 him from joining the partisan corps of Colonel 
 Henry Lee, of the American Army and al- 
 though under age, he managed to get the consent 
 of the commander to follow his fortunes during 
 the stormy times of that eventful war. With 
 others of the neighborhood about, he was 
 mounted and soon became expert in the diffi- 
 cult drill of a cavalryman and a favorite 
 with his companions. He saw much active 
 service, was at the capture of Stony Point 
 and Paulus Hook, in New York, was at the 
 battle of Guilford Court-House and Eutaw 
 Springs, in South Carolina, assisted in the 
 storming of Forts Watson, Mott and Granby, 
 in the last-named State, and was present at 
 the engagements before Galpin and Augusta, 
 in Georgia. He was selected by Colonel Lee 
 
THE WAE OF THE REVOLUTION. 
 
 61 
 
 as the bearer of dispatches to the commander- 
 in-chief, and was entrusted with a flag of 
 truce to the British military authorities, which, 
 under the circumstances, was a delicate and 
 important duty. Many incidents of that 
 event, as related by himself, and to which he 
 was an eye-witness, are now forgotten. He 
 lived long enough, however, after the war to 
 see his country prosperous and her institu- 
 tions command the respect of the nations of 
 the world. 
 
 After the close of the war he adopted a 
 sea-faring life, and soon rose to the command 
 of some of the best ships that sailed out of 
 Philadelphia. Upon the opening of the War 
 of 1812, he accepted the position of sailing- 
 master in the navy, but was promoted to the 
 rank of lieutenant for valuable services. At 
 one time he had charge of the gun-boats on 
 the New Jersey coast, placed there to prevent 
 the depredations of the English cruisers. This 
 was a dangerous position, for his vessels, 
 although good sailors, were deficient in 
 the weight of their guns. He had a wary 
 and bold enemy to contend with, which 
 required all his ingenuity to avoid, yet keep 
 watch of their movements so as to inform 
 his superiors in command of a larger craft. 
 
 He saw some service after this war, and in 
 1834 took charge of the Naval Asylum at 
 Philadelphia, where he remained several 
 years. After that duty he returned to Had- 
 donfield, and there lived in the enjoyment of 
 a ripe old age, surrounded by his family and 
 many friends. During this time he was 
 advanced to the rank of post-captain as a 
 compliment for his service through two wars 
 of the nation. He died February 5, 1854, 
 in the ninety-third year of his age, and his 
 remains lie in the Friends' grave-yard at 
 Haddonfield, without any monument to show 
 his last resting-place. 
 
 Chews Landing, at the head of naviga- 
 tion on Timber Creek, got its name from the 
 family of a steadfast patriot, Aaron Chew, 
 who, while enjoying a furlough from the 
 
 army, was chased into the old tavern on the 
 hill by British cavalry. They fired several 
 volleys into the building, where the bullet- 
 holes may yet be seen, and Chew was made 
 prisoner as he fled. Confined in a prison- 
 ship in New York, he was one of the many 
 Gloucester men who endured extreme torture 
 in those filthy, dark and crowded hulks. 
 
 Attempt to Steal the Records of 
 Continental Congress. — James Moody's 
 attempt to steal the records of the Continen- 
 tal Congress is an episode of the war which 
 culminated at Camden. He was a Tory 
 and a lieutenant in Skinner's brigade of the 
 British army, and had made himself famous 
 for his daring and his intense hatred of the 
 patriots long before he undertook the adven- 
 ture which proved so signal a failure. One Ad- 
 dison, an Englishman by birth, but who 
 had become a thorough American in feeling, 
 was employed, in a clerical capacity, by 
 Charles Thomson, secretary of the Conti- 
 nental Congress. Having been captured by 
 the British and imprisoned in New York, 
 he proposed to Major Beckwith, aide-de- 
 camp to the Hessian general Knyphausen, 
 that if he was released or exchanged, he 
 would steal the secret documents of Congress 
 and place them in the custody of the agent 
 whom Knyphausen might designate. Beck- 
 with fell into the trap set by the cunning 
 Englishman, and enlisted Moody, who had 
 OQ several occasions captured the dispatches 
 of Washington and other American com- 
 manders, and was entirely familiar with the 
 country. Moody was equally hoodwinked, 
 and leagued with himself his brother and an- 
 other Tory named Marr. Addison was set 
 free and left New York for Philadelphia. 
 Moody and his aids followed him, and, on 
 November 7, 1781, they met Moody on the 
 Camden side of the Delaware. What fol- 
 lowed is told by the Tory himself in a little 
 pamphlet which he wrote. When old and 
 poor he sought refuge in England and be- 
 sought the British government for assistance : 
 
62 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 " Lieutenant Moody kept a little back, at such a 
 distance as not to have his person distinguished, 
 yet so as to be within hearing of the conversation 
 that passed. His brother and Marr, on going up 
 to Addison, found him apparently full of confi- 
 dence and in high spirits, and everything seemed 
 to promise success. He told them that their plot 
 was perfectly ripe for execution, that he had se- 
 cured the means of admission into the most pri- 
 vate recesses of the State-House, so that he should 
 be able the next evening to deliver to them the 
 papers they were in quest of. . . . Soon after 
 they crossed the river to Philadelphia, and it is 
 probable that on the passage Addison was for the 
 first time informed that their friend was Lieutenant 
 Moody. Whether it was this discovery that put 
 it first into his head, or whether he had all along 
 intended it and had already taken the necessary 
 previous steps, the lieutenant cannot certainly say, 
 but he assures himself that every generous-minded 
 man will be shocked when he reads that this per- 
 fidious wretch had either sold or was about to sell 
 them to the Congress. 
 
 " As the precise time in which they should be 
 able to execute their plan could not be ascertained, 
 it was agreed that Lieutenant Moody should re- 
 main at the ferry-house opposite to Philadelphia 
 till they returned. On going into the house, he 
 told the mistress of it by a convenient equivoca- 
 tion that he was an ofiicer of the Jersey brigade, 
 as he really was, though of that Jersey brigade 
 which was in the King's service. The woman un- 
 derstood him as speaking of a rebel corps, which 
 was also called the Jersey brigade. To avoid 
 notice, he pretended to be indisposed, and going 
 up-stairs, he threw himself upon a bed and here 
 continued to keep his room, but always awake and 
 always on the watch. Next morning about eleven 
 o'clock he saw a man walk hastily up to the house 
 and overheard him telling some person at the 
 door that ' there was the devil to pay in Philadel- 
 phia, that there had been a plot to break into the 
 State-House, but that one of the party had be- 
 trayed the others, that two were already taken, and 
 that a party of soldiers had just crossed the river 
 with him to seize their leader, who was said to be 
 hereabouts.' The lieutenant felt himself to be 
 too nearly interested in this intelligence any longer 
 to keep up the appearance of a sick man, and seiz- 
 ing his pistols, he instantly ran down-stairs and 
 made his escape. 
 
 " He had not got a hundred yards from the 
 house when he saw the soldiers enter it. A small 
 piece of woods lay before him, in which he hoped, 
 at least, to be out of sight, and he had sprung the 
 fence in order to enter it. But it was already 
 lined by a party of horse with a view of cutting 
 ofi" his retreat. Thus surrounded, all hopes of flight 
 were in vain, and to seek for a hiding-place in a 
 clear, open field seemed equally useless. With 
 hardly a hope of escaping so much as a moment 
 longer undiscovered, he threw himself flat on his 
 face in a ditch, which yet seemed of all places the 
 least calculated for concealment, for it was without 
 weeds or shrubs and so shallow that a quail might 
 be seen in it ; . . . yet, as Providence ordered it, the 
 improbability of the place proved the means of 
 his security. He had lain there but a few minutes, 
 when six of his pursuers passed within ten feet of 
 him and very diligently examined a thickety part 
 of the ditch that was but a few paces from him. 
 With his pistols cocked, he kept his eye constantly 
 upon them, determining that as soon as he saw 
 himself to be discovered by any of them, he would 
 instantly spring up and sell his life as dearly as 
 might be, and, refusing to be taken alive, provoke, 
 and if possible, force them to kill him. Once or 
 twice he thought he saw one of the soldiers look 
 at him, and he was on the point of shooting the 
 man. . . From the ditch they went all around the ad- 
 jacent field, and, as Lieutenant Moody sometimes a 
 little raised up his head, he saw them frequently 
 running their bayonets into some tall stacks of 
 Indian corn fodder. This suggested to him an 
 idea that if he could escape till night, a place they 
 had already explored would be the securest place 
 for him. When night came he got into one of 
 those stacks. The wind was high, which prevented 
 the rustling of the leaves of the fodder as he en- 
 tered from being heard by the people who \yere 
 passing close by him into the country in quest of 
 him. His position in this retreat was very uncom- 
 fortable, for he could neither sit nor lie down. In 
 this erect posture, however, he remained two 
 nights and two days without a morsel of food, for 
 there was no corn on the stalks, and, which was in- 
 finitely more intolerable, without drink. We must 
 not relate, for reasons which may be easily imag- 
 ined, what became of him immediately after his 
 coming out of this uneasy prison, but we will ven- 
 ture to inform the readers that on the fifth night 
 after his elopement from the ferry-house he 
 
THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION. 
 
 63 
 
 searched the banks of the Delaware until he had 
 the good fortune to meet with a small boat. Into 
 this he jumped and rowed a considerable way up 
 the river. In due time he left his boat, and, re- 
 lying on the aid of Loyalists, after many circui- 
 tous marches, all in the night, and through path- 
 less courses, in about five days he once more ar- 
 rived at New York." 
 
 Local Patriotism. — The leading fami- 
 lies in the Gloucester neighborhood are de- 
 scribed by Judge Clement as being strongly 
 imbued with the spirit of liberty, and no op- 
 portunity was passed for giving information 
 that would assist the Continental cause. 
 
 " To insure protection the enemy's pickets were 
 kept on and along the King's road, which crossed 
 Little Timber Creek at the Two Tuns tav- 
 ern, kept by an old lady known as Aunty High 
 Cap. The road extending southerly, passed close 
 in front of the Browning homestead and over Big 
 Timber Creek, where the old bridge formerly stood. 
 Going southerly from the old tavern, it went near 
 the former residence of Jonathan Atkinson and 
 through Mount Ephraim toward Haddonfield. The 
 section of country lying between this old road and 
 the river was the scene of many encounters, num- 
 berless reconnoissances and much strategy, and 
 traditions are still remembered touching their pur- 
 pose and success, while others are lost sight of and 
 forgotten. All these grew out of the increasing 
 vigilance of the people toward their common en- 
 emy. Aunty High Cap's was the hostelry where 
 the British officers most did congregate, where 
 military rank and discipline were laid aside, and 
 where the feast of reason and flow of soul was most 
 enjoyed." 
 
 At one of these revels an officer was killed 
 by a rifle-shot fired by a man standing on the 
 porch of the Atkinson residence, at least a 
 mile distant, and many of the English believed 
 that it was not accidental, but rather an un- 
 welcome evidence of the expertness of New 
 Jersey marksmen. 
 
 The ocean side of Old Gloucester, that 
 which is now comprised in Atlantic County, 
 was the locality of some memorable Revolu- 
 tionary incidents. Smugglers, whose object it 
 
 was to run goods, especially groceries and 
 liquors, through the British lines and into 
 Philadelphia, abounded along the coast, and 
 undertook many intrepid operations. In 
 light-draft vessels they stole up Mullica 
 River to the forks of Egg Harbor, where the 
 contraband stuff was placed upon wagons and 
 hauled across the country, passing through 
 Haddonfield on the way to a profitable mar- 
 ket in the city. Almost every swamp along 
 the route had its secret places of deposit, and 
 the loyalty of the people to the American 
 cause had much to do with making this kind 
 of trade successful. 
 
 Egg Harbor was a station on the route of 
 the refugees who were passing north and 
 south during the war or following the move- 
 ments of the British forces, with whom alone 
 they were safe from their indignant country- 
 men. They had innumerable encounters with 
 the hardy sailors and fishermen along the 
 shore, who were zealous Americans and ever 
 ready to display their abomination of the ad- 
 herents of royalty. The New Jersey State 
 Gazette, which was published at Trenton, 
 contains in its files the following record of 
 events of that period on the Gloucester sea- 
 front : 
 
 " March 31, 1779. — In the late snow-storm the 
 transport ship 'Mermaid,' of Whitehaven, England, 
 with troops from Halifax bound to New York, was 
 driven on shore and bilged at Egg Harbor. After 
 being in this miserable situation from five o'clock 
 on Monday morning until noon on Tuesday, a boat 
 came off to their relief and saved only forty-two 
 souls out of one hundred and eighty-seven." 
 
 " August 25, 1779.— By a sailor from Egg Har- 
 bor we are informed that on Wednesday last the 
 schooner ' Mars,' Captain Taylor, fell in with a ves- 
 sel mounting fourteen guns, which he boarded and 
 took. She proved to be a British packet from 
 Falmouth, England, to New York, Captain Tay- 
 lor took the mail and prisoners, forty-five in num- 
 ber; but on Saturday last fell in with a fleet of 
 twenty-three sail, under convoy of a large ship and 
 frigate, when the latter gave chase to the frigate 
 
64 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 and retook her. Captain Taylor got safe into Egg 
 Harbor." 
 
 "September 11, 1782. — Last week Captain Doug- 
 lass, with some of the militia of Gloucester Coun- 
 ty, attacked a refugee boat at Egg Harbor, with 
 eighteen refugees on board, of whom fourteen were 
 shot or drowned ; the rest made their escape." 
 
 " December 18, 1782. — Captain Jackson, of the 
 ' Greyhound,' on the evening of Sunday, last week, 
 with much address within the Hook the schooner 
 ' Dolphin ' and sloop ' Diamond,' bound from New 
 York to Halifax, and brought them both into Egg 
 Harbor. These vessels were both condemned to 
 the claimants, and the amount of sales amounted 
 to £10,500." 
 
 Thus privateering, fighting, smuggling and 
 saving the lives of the shipwrecked enemy 
 combined to furnish exciting employment 
 and perilous adventure to the dwellers by the 
 seaboard. In 1781-82 they were pestered 
 with parties of Cornwallis' troops, who had 
 escaped from the Virginia cantonment in 
 which they were confined after his surrender 
 at Yorktown, and were making their way to 
 New York. Captain John Davis was posted 
 with a company at Egg Harbor to look out 
 for the fugitives, and got wind of a party of 
 twenty-one, who were concealed in the woods 
 and waiting for a vessel to take them oS. 
 He ambushed nineteen men near where they 
 were to embark, and when they appeared on 
 the shore, he killed or recaptured every one 
 of them after a hand-to-hand fight. 
 
 Mickle obtained from some of the survi- 
 vors of the war another incident of Davis' 
 expedition, which he thus relates, — 
 
 "On one occasion his (Davis') lieutenant, Ben- 
 jamin Bates, with Richard Powell, a private, called 
 at a house where Davis had been informed that 
 two refugee officers were lodging. Bates got to 
 the house before any of the family had risen, ex- 
 cept two girls, who were making a fire in the 
 kitchen. He inquired if there were any persons 
 in the house beside the family, and was answered, 
 ' None except two men from up in the country.' 
 He bade the girls show him where they were, which 
 they did. In passing through a room separating 
 the kitchen from the bed-room, he saw two pistols 
 
 lying on a table. Knocking at the door, he was 
 refused admittance, but finding him determined to 
 enter, the two refugees finally let him in. They 
 refused to tell their names, but were afterwards 
 found to be William Giberson and Henry Lane, 
 refugee lieutenants, the former a notorious rascal 
 who had committed many outrages and killed one 
 or two Americans in cold blood. On their way to 
 the quarters of Davis' company, Giberson called 
 Bates' attention to something he pretended to see 
 at a distance, and while Bates was looking in that 
 direction Giberson started in another, and, being 
 a very fast runner, although Bates fired his musket 
 at him, he managed to escape. 
 
 " Davis, on being informed of what had hap- 
 pened, told Bates to try again the next night. 
 Accordingly the next night he went to the same 
 house. While in the act of opening the door he 
 heard the click of a musket-cock behind a large 
 tree within a few feet of him. He dropped on his 
 knees, and the ball cut the rim of his hat. Giber- 
 son started to run, but before he had got many 
 rods Bates gave him a load of buck-shot, which 
 broke his leg. He was well guarded until he could 
 be removed, with Lane, to Burlington gaol, from 
 which, however, he soon made his escape and went 
 to New York." 
 
 The same writer, who is borne out by the 
 Historical Collections in this matter, states 
 that Elijah Clark and Richard Westcott 
 built, at their own expense, a small fort at 
 the Fox Burrows, on Chestnut Neck, "near 
 the port of Little Egg Harbor," and bought 
 for it a number of cannon for the defense of 
 the port. While the Revolutionary Legisla- 
 ture was in session at Haddonfield, in Sep- 
 tember, 1777, the two branches passed a 
 resolution for paying Clark and Westcott 
 four hundred and thirty pounds for this 
 fort, which at one time was defended by 
 fifteen hundred of the shore men, who evac- 
 uated it upon the enemy ascending the river 
 in great force in barges. 
 
 After the retreat of the British to New 
 York, as a result of the battle of Monmouth, 
 Gloucester County was free from the pres- 
 ence of the enemy during the remainder of 
 the war, except as it was traversed by the 
 
THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION. 
 
 65 
 
 refugees and escaping prisoners first spoken 
 of. Her ardent patriots welcomed with 
 extreme joy the alliance concluded with 
 France on February 6, 1778, which stimu- 
 lated recruiting for the depleted ranks of the 
 regiments of the Line. They maintained un- 
 broken their good reputation exceptwhen, in 
 the middle of January, 178 1, a portion of the 
 brigade, then stationed at Pompton, revolted 
 and marched to Chatham, in Middlesex 
 County. They were suffering from the 
 extremity of want. They had enlisted for 
 the term of three years or during the war. 
 The officers contended that the meaning oi' 
 the argument was that they should serve 
 until the war closed ; the men claimed that 
 they could not be held after the three years 
 had elapsed. Washington immediately dis- 
 patched General Robert Howe with five 
 hundred regulars to march against the 
 mutineers and subdue them by force. They 
 were taken by surprise and yielded at once. 
 Twelve of the principal offenders were com- 
 pelled to select two of the ringleaders, wha 
 were promptly executed and order was com- 
 pletely restored. 
 
 The Council of Safety at Haddox- 
 FiELD. — Messr-s. Barber and Howe, in pre- 
 paring the New Jersey " Historical Collec- 
 tions " in 1 843, vouched for the truth of the 
 allegation that the Continental Congress 
 " sat for several weeks in Haddonfield dur- 
 ing the war, in the house built by Matthias 
 Aspden, and boarded about among the in- 
 habitants." This is one of the legends of 
 the town, and these authors seem to have 
 accepted it without seeking for verification. 
 Mickle, two years later, was more careful, 
 and, as a result of his inquiry, intimates that 
 Barber and Howe confounded the Provincial 
 Congress of New Jersey with the Continen- 
 tal Congress. The minutes of the latter do 
 not show any session at Haddonfield, al- 
 though some State papers of 1778 are dated 
 at the town. Captain James B. Cooper, a 
 contemporary witness, who was not likely to 
 9 
 
 be ignorant of any incident of the Revolu* 
 tion occurring in that neighborhood, Was 
 exceedingly skeptical regarding the assertion 
 so confidently made by the writers of the 
 " Collections," but had a perfect recollection 
 of the brief session of the Provincial Congress 
 at Haddonfield. 
 
 A body, however, which did sit at Had- 
 donfield, and there performed some of its 
 functions of the first importance in strength- 
 ening the hands of the patriot government in 
 New Jersey, was the Council of Safety of 
 1777. It met in the old tavern-house now 
 occupied by George W. Stillwell, as a tem- 
 perance hotel, convening for its first session 
 on March 18th. The members, who were 
 appointed by the Legislature, were John 
 Cleves Symmes, William Patterson, Na- 
 thaniel Scudder, Theophilus Elmer, Silas 
 Condict, John Hart, John Mehelm, Samuel 
 Dick, John Combe, Caleb Camp, Edmund 
 Wetherby and John Manning. These men 
 were selected carefully for the discharge of 
 the arduous and delicate duties imposed upon 
 them. Entrusted specially with power to 
 arrest, try and punish persons suspected of 
 Toryism, their authority was almost without 
 limit. The Council was tlie representative 
 of the Legislature during the recesses of the 
 latter, and it was clothed also with judicial, 
 executive and quasi-military functions. .More- 
 over, it could appropriate such sums of money 
 from the State treasury as were needed to 
 carry on its operations, and could also make 
 appointments of officers in the military con- 
 tingent of the State and issue commissions to 
 its appointees. A strong detail of Arnold's 
 men attended all its movements, and it was 
 entitled to call out the militia to enforce its 
 decrees. While it sat at Haddonfield it 
 kept two guard-houses ' well filled with its 
 prisoners, and every patriot was in some 
 
 ^ One still stands opposite to the place of their delib- 
 erations, now occupied by Zebedee Tompkins, and the 
 other was recently owned and occupied by Dr. I. W. 
 Heulings. — Clement's Revolutionary Reminiscences. 
 
66 
 
 HISTOEY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 manner an amateur detective, who reported 
 to the Council his neighbors supposed to 
 entertain hostility to the cause of indepen- 
 dence. 
 
 Wielding such formidable weapons, the 
 Council was the terror of the American 
 friends of England. Governor Livingston 
 sat at its deliberations and usually presided. 
 There was the single appeal from the deci- 
 sions of a majority of the Councillors that an 
 accused person could enter bail and carry his 
 case to court ; but if he refused to give 
 security or take the oath of loyalty, he was 
 peremptorily imprisoned and held at their 
 pleasure. At their first meeting they disposed 
 of the cases of fourteen alleged Tories ; and it 
 was not uncommon for them to try from twenty 
 to thirty in a day. They sat at Haddonfield 
 on March 18th and 19th, then adjourning to 
 Borden town, and the subjoined extracts from 
 the minutes of the 19th are a fair sample of 
 their work and also their manner of execut- 
 ing it : 
 
 " The Board entered upon the examination of 
 the prisoners sent to Haddonfield some time since 
 by General Putnam. Abraham Briton, Jonathan 
 Forman and Robert Barns, having been examined, 
 took and subscribed the oaths of abjuration and 
 allegiance, as by law appointed, and were dis- 
 charged. 
 
 "Anthony Woodward, son of William, having 
 been examined, being one of the people called 
 Quakers, took affirmations to the effect of the 
 oaths above mentioned, and entered into recog- 
 nizance with David Hurley, his surety, in £300 
 each, before Mr. Justice Symmes, for his appear- 
 ance at the next Court of Oyer and Terminer, to 
 be held in the County of Monmouth, and in the 
 meantime to be of good behavior, and was there- 
 upon dismissed. Moses Ivins, being examined, 
 acknowledged that he had given bond to the late 
 convention in £500 conditional for his good be- 
 havior towards the State, and having entered into 
 recognizance with Abraham Briton, his surety, in 
 £300 each to appear, etc., as in the case of An- 
 thony Woodward, was dismissed. 
 
 " Ordered, That the prisoners lately ordered to 
 be brought from Frederick Town in Maryland and 
 lodged in the gaol of the County of Salem, be con- 
 
 ducted under guard to Bordentown, so as to be 
 there by Wednesday next, or as soon thereafter as 
 may be convenient; and that Col. Dick be desired 
 to detach so many of the militia of his battalion 
 as may be necessary to carry this order into exe- 
 cution. 
 
 "An account of Capt. Elisha Walton for sub- 
 sisting a guard and six prisoners belonging to 
 Pennsylvania at and from Haddonfield to Phila- 
 delphia on the 18th and 19th instants, amounting 
 to £4 7s. %d., was laid before the Board. Ordered 
 that the same be paid." 
 
 The Council opened ite second session at 
 Haddonfield on May 10, 1777, and from 
 thence until June 9th met there nearly every 
 day, and such was the press of labor upon it 
 that it frequently held two and sometimes 
 three meetings daily. Its time was largely 
 taken up with the proceedings against John 
 Henchman, the owner of a very large and 
 valuable estate in the township, and the 
 descendant of the settler of the same name a 
 century previous. Henchman came under 
 suspicion as a Loyalist, and among the wit- 
 ■nesses against him in the preliminary pro- 
 ceedings were Capt. Samuel Hugg, Joseph 
 Hugg, Samuel Harrison, Capt. William 
 Harrison, William Norton and John Estaugh 
 Hopkins. The grounds of the charges ap- 
 pear in the record of Capt. Hugg's testi- 
 mony, in which it is stated that he " can give 
 some account of the said Henchman's pro- 
 ducing his former commission under the 
 crown to some British officers at the Black 
 Horse as a pass and of his inviting some 
 British officers to his sister's house at Mount 
 Holly." 
 
 The minutes of June 5th continue the 
 case thus : 
 
 "John Henchman, Esq., appears before the 
 Board pursuant to citation, and the charges against 
 him being read, he was permitted to offer any- 
 thing m his power by way of palliation, and after 
 being heard was ordered to withdraw. 
 
 " The Council taking Mr. Henchman's case into 
 their consideration, and being of the opinion that 
 the charges against him did not fully indicate a 
 malicious intention, but that the said charges did 
 
THE WAR OP THE REVOLUTION. 
 
 ,67 
 
 fix him under a strong suspicion of disaffection to 
 the United States. 
 
 " Agreed, therefore, that Mr. Henchman be again 
 called into Council, and that the oaths of abjura- 
 tion and allegiance be tendered to him according 
 to law. 
 
 " Mr. Henchman appeared accordingly, and the 
 said oaths were tendered him in Council, which he 
 refused to take and subscribe, but was willing tobe 
 bound with surety for his appearance at the next 
 Court of General Quarter Sessions ; and the said 
 John Henchman did accordingly enter into recog- 
 nizance with Jacob Clement in the sum of £300 
 each, before the Governor and Council of Safety 
 for his appearance at the next Court of General 
 Quarter Sessions of the peace of the County of 
 Gloucester, there to answer to such charges as shall 
 be exhibited against him on behalf of the State ; 
 and, in the meantime, be of the peace and of the 
 good behavior, and was thereupon dismissed." 
 
 Several other citizens of Gloucester were 
 under examination by the Council at this 
 time. George Rapalje was committed on May 
 21st, to jail, — 
 
 " For advisedly and willingly by speech, writing, 
 open deed and act, maintaining and defending the 
 authority, jurisdiction and power of the King of 
 Great Britain as heretofore claimed within this 
 State." 
 
 On May 31st, Richard Snowdon refused to 
 take the oath of allegiance or to give bail for 
 court and was placed in thesheriif's custody. 
 How numerous were the offences of which men 
 might be accused was instanced in the case 
 of Thomas Woodward, a Friend, son of 
 Anthony, for whom a warrant of arrest was 
 issued, charging him " with maliciously and 
 advisedly saying and doing things encourag- 
 ing disaffection, and with maliciously and 
 advisedly spreading such false rumors con- 
 cerning the American forces and the forces 
 of the enemy as tend to alienate the affec- 
 tions of the people from the government and 
 to terrify and discourage the good subjects of 
 this State, and to dispose them to favour the 
 pretensions of the enemies of this State." 
 
 After a short sitting at Morristown the 
 Council returned to Haddonfield on Septem- 
 ber 12th. Changes had been made in the 
 
 personnel, the members then being Silas 
 Condict, Wm. Patterson, Nathaniel Scudder, 
 Thomas Elmer, John Hart, Benjamin Man- 
 ning, Peter Tallmann, John Mehelm, Caleb 
 Camp, Jacob Drake, Jonathan Bowen, John 
 Combs, John Buck, Wm. Peartree Smith, 
 Fred'k Frelinghuysen and Edward Flem- 
 ing. Little of importance was accomplished 
 at this session, Gloucester County having 
 been restored to comparative quiet, and the 
 most of the guard was sent to Burlington, 
 where the jail was overcrowded with Tory 
 suspects. Thomas Hooton, of Gloucester, 
 was arrested, but released upon swearing to 
 his loyalty, and John Carty was sent into the 
 enemy's lines, this being one of the methods 
 of getting rid of disaffected persons whom it 
 was not deemed politic to imprison. A sample 
 order of the kind was that issued regarding 
 Richard Wain, who was a land-holder in 
 Gloucester County, — 
 
 " October 7th. — Richard Wain (one of the peo- 
 ple called Quakers) being concerned before the 
 Board, and affirmations to the effect of the Oaths 
 of Abjuration and allegiance, being- tendered to 
 him pursuant to law, he refused to take them, but 
 being willing to go with his family into the ene- 
 my's lines, and he appearing to the Board too dan- 
 gerous to remain in the State, the Council agreed 
 that the said Richard Wain have leave to go with 
 his family into the enemy's lines on Staten Island 
 in five days from the date hereof." 
 
 The exchange of prisoners was another mat- 
 ter within the jurisdiction of the Council, and 
 early in its proceedings it made the rule of 
 giving a soldier for a soldier, a civilian for a 
 civilian. Through this system numerous 
 Tories were handed over to the British, 
 while valuable patriots whom the enemy had 
 incarcerated were reclaimed to the national 
 service. A reserve of prisoners was occa- 
 sionally held with a view to such a transfer, 
 and there are quite a number of cases like 
 that of Joseph King, who, being " too dan- 
 gerous a person to be suffered to be at large," 
 was ordered " taken and kept in safe custody 
 in order to be exchanged." 
 
68 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Quitting Haddonfield on September 26 th, 
 the Council fled to Princeton and then to 
 Pittstown, to be safely out of the way of 
 British raiders. While at the latter place, 
 on October 18th, it appointed commissioners 
 to raise recruits and apprehend deserters, 
 those for Gloucester County being Joseph 
 Estell, William Price, Colonel Josiah Hil- 
 man and James Tallman, who were com- 
 manded to rendezvous at Woodbury. The 
 following minute appears of December 1 2th : 
 
 " Application was made to the Board for the 
 payment of money due to the militia in the county 
 of Gloucester, under the command of Colonel 
 Ellis. 
 
 " Agreed that Colonel Ellis be informed by letter 
 that the Legislature have directed the delegates 
 to obtain from Congress the sum of £120,000 for 
 discharging the debt due to the militia of this 
 State, and that the proportion of $16,000, when 
 obtained, will be paid into the hands of Thomas 
 Carpenter for the payment of the militia of 
 Gloucester and Salem." 
 
 The Hessian marauders were scouring 
 Southern New Jersey for better food than 
 King George's rations, and Colonel Ellis, 
 commandant of the Gloucester militia, was 
 authorized to remove any cattle, sheep and 
 hogs (excepting milch cows) from any places 
 where he thought them in danger of falling 
 into the enemy's hands to places of greater 
 security, and upon the owners refusing to do 
 so, after first giving notice to the owners, who 
 may take care of them at their expense. 
 This measure not proving extreme enough. 
 Colonel Ellis was directed to remove all the 
 horned cattle, sheep, hogs and all cows 
 which do not give milk from the vicinity of 
 the Jersey shore, in the counties of Burling- 
 ton, Gloucester and Salem, that may be 
 within the reach of the enemy's foraging 
 parties, except such as might be really neces- 
 sary for the inhabitants (the owners refusing 
 to do it on notice given to them for that 
 purpose), and that the general (Washington) 
 be informed that the powers lodged in the 
 Council of Safety are inadequate to the 
 
 requisition of having the forage removed, 
 and that it be recommended to him to exer- 
 cise his own authority in having it effected. 
 This stripping of the country of provender in 
 order that the enemy might not obtain it 
 speaks eloquently of the straits to which this 
 section of the State was reduced. 
 
 These stern Councillors were obliged to be 
 no respectors of the sex. The wives and 
 daughters of Tories were as inimical to the 
 republic as their husbands and fathers, and 
 when the men had gone into the British 
 service the women left behind frequently be- 
 came adroit and successful spies upon the 
 movements of the patriots. Hence the 
 Council applied to them the extreme rigors 
 of the treason law and either sent them 
 after their male protectors into the British 
 lines, locked them up in jail or held them in 
 heavy bonds for their good behavior. Those 
 to be sent into the enemy's camp were usually 
 assembled at Elizabeth, from whence it was 
 an easy task to transfer them under a flag of 
 truce to the headquarters on Staten Island. 
 While sitting at Trenton, on March 27, 
 1778, the Council had to deal with a squad 
 of suspects who had been brought in from 
 Gloucester County, and passed the following 
 orders regarding them : 
 
 " That William and Thomas Jones be committed 
 to gaol for trial. 
 
 "That Jacob Shoulder, Jacob Mouse, Isaac 
 Zane and Samuel Hewling have five days to de- 
 termine whether' they will enlist into the Conti- 
 nental service during the war or be committed for 
 their trial for going into the enemy's lines and 
 returning into this State contrary to law. 
 
 "That Jacob Jones, Gunrod Shoemaker, Wil- 
 liam Davenport, Thomas Smith and a negro man 
 belonging to John Cox be discharged, the former 
 four on taking the oath to government prescribed 
 by law. 
 
 " And that Daniel Murray and Blakey Hurltey, 
 suspected of being spies from the enemy, and also 
 for endeavoring to pass counterfeit money found 
 upon them, be sent to headquarters." 
 
 On June 6th, Johu Kirby, Benjamin 
 Allen, Urich West and Jesse Sirran, all of 
 
THE WAR OP THE REVOLUTION. 
 
 69 
 
 Gloucester County, were examined " for join- 
 ing the enemy," but there were also held in 
 reserve against them accusations of mis- 
 prision of treason and of counterfeiting the 
 State currency, which later was a very com- 
 mon offence until the bills of credit which 
 did duty as a circulating medium became so 
 depreciated in value that the labors of the 
 counterfeiter were profitless. On August 4th, 
 the Council being then at Morristown, it com- 
 mitted to the Gloucester (bounty jail Isaac 
 Lloyd, Samuel Lippincott, Joseph Myers, 
 Lawrence Cox, David Carter, Jacob Justine, 
 William Kennack and Jesse Sirran, who 
 were believed to have given aid and comfort 
 to the enemy. 
 
 The final records of the Council are dated 
 at Princeton, October 8, 1778. Its member- 
 ship had then been increased to twenty. Mr. 
 Frelinghuysen and Mr. Combs had retired, 
 and Messrs. Cooper, Imlay, Linn, Crane, 
 Fennemore, Cook and Keasby had been 
 brought in. The last proceedings having 
 connection with Gloucester County affairs 
 were the passage of a resolution for the re- 
 payment to Councillor Camp of fourteen 
 pounds, " by him advanced to Isaac Coxe, ser- 
 geant of the guard at Haddonfield, in part 
 pay for the said guard." 
 
 The Wkst Jersey Commands. — Men- 
 tion has already been made of the formation 
 of the battalions commanded by Lord Stir- 
 ling and Colonel Maxwell. These were the 
 first organizations of the " Jersey Line." 
 The privates were enlisted for one year, at 
 five dollars per month, and were allowed, in 
 place of bounty, " a felt hat, a pair of yarn 
 stockings and a pair of shoes," but were to 
 furnish their own arms. On January 8, 
 1776, the West Jersey (Maxwell's) battalion 
 was ordered to report to General Schuyler, at 
 Albany. Authority for the formation of a 
 third battalion, of which Elias Dayton was 
 made colonel, was given by Congress Janu- 
 ary 10^ 1776. All these commands were 
 reorganized under the act of the Continental 
 
 Congress of September 16, 1776. It pro- 
 vided for the enlistment of eighty-eight bat- 
 talions to serve during the war, and of these 
 the " New Jersey Line " consisted of four. 
 Twenty dollars Avas offered as a bounty to 
 each non-commissioned officer and private, 
 and bount}'' lands at the close of the war to 
 each officer and man, or to his heirs in case 
 of his death, as follows : Five hundred acres 
 to each colonel, four hundred and fifty acres 
 to each lieutenant-colonel, four hundred to 
 each major, three hundred to each captain, 
 two hundred to each lieutenant, one hundred 
 and fifty to each ensign, and to each private 
 and non-commissioned officer one hundred. 
 The men in the ranks were to be furnished 
 with an outfit annually, that for the first 
 year to be two linen hunting-shirts, two pair 
 of overalls, a leathern or woolen waistcoat 
 with sleeves, one pair of breeches, a hat or 
 leathern cap, two shirts, two pair of hose and 
 two pair of shoes. They could commute 
 these things into money at a valuation 
 of twenty dollars, if they chose to equip 
 themselves. 
 
 The reorganization and re-enlistment of 
 the First Battalion, Colonel Silas Newcorab, 
 was completed in December, 1776 ; the Sec- 
 ond, Colonel Israel Shreve (of Gloucester), 
 February, 1777 ; the Fourth, Colonel Eph- 
 raim Martin, during the same month ; and 
 the Third, Colonel Elias Dayton, in April 
 of that year. Colonel Maxwell was promoted 
 to brigadier-general in October, 1776, and 
 assigned to the command of these battalions, 
 which, as " Maxwell's Brigade," won laurels 
 on many a bloody field. In the May follow- 
 ing they were placed in General Stephens' 
 division and encamped at Elizabethtown, 
 Bound Brook and Spanktown (Kahway). 
 Stephens, in the summer of 1777, marched 
 through Pennsylvania and Delaware, and a 
 small portion of the " New Jersey Line " 
 opened the battle of Brandy wine on the 
 morning of September 11th. They contin- 
 ued actively engaged through the fight and 
 
70 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 afterwards skirmished with the enemy before 
 reaching their camp at Germantown, where, 
 in the battle of October 4th, they formed the 
 left wing and reserve of Washington's army. 
 They were conspicuous for their gallantry in 
 this action, and Newcomb's battalion was an 
 especially heavy loser of officers and men. 
 
 The Jerseymen passed the winter of 1777- 
 78 with the remainder of the army in gloom 
 and suffering at Valley Forge. When the 
 British evacuated Philadelphia, in June, 
 1778, Maxwell's brigade constituted the 
 main portion of the column placed under 
 the command of Lafayette to hang upon 
 General Clinton's flanks and rear, with the 
 object of striking him a blow whenever the 
 opportunity permitted. They were highly 
 successful in making the enemy suffer 
 severely on the march through Jersey. On 
 June 28th the Line, as well as the militia, 
 which was under the command of Major- 
 General Philemon Dickinson, took part in 
 the battle of Monmouth. Most of the win- 
 ter of 1778-79 was spent by the brigade at 
 Elizabethtown, but a detachment of Shreve's 
 Gloucester troops was encamped at Newark. 
 In May, 1779, the whole brigade took part 
 in General Sullivan's expedition, which 
 marched up the Susquehanna Valley and in- 
 flicted punishment on the Seneca Indians; 
 returning to New Jersey in October. 
 
 Another reorganization was carried into 
 effect in compliance with the acts of C'ongress 
 of May 27, 1778, and March 9, 1779. The 
 battalions of the Line, reduced in numbers 
 by losses in battle and the other calamities 
 of war, were consolidated into three, and a 
 bounty of two hundred dollars each was 
 offered for three hundred and sixty-five vol- 
 unteers. Sixteen hundred and twenty moi'e 
 were called for on February 9, 1780, the in- 
 ducement to enlist was increased to one 
 thousand dollars, and recruiting officers, or 
 " Muster Masters," were appointed, Colonel 
 Joseph Ellis filling the office in Gloucester 
 County. In June, 1781, another draft was 
 
 made, and John Davis undertook to fill 
 Gloucester's quota of fifty-one men. The 
 bounty paid under this requisition was twelve 
 pounds in gold or silver to each man, and 
 the three colonels —Matthias Ogden, Isaac 
 Shreveand Elias Dayton — succeeded infilling 
 out their regiments to six companies each. 
 Maxwell continued in command of the 
 brigade until his resignation, in July, 1780, 
 when he was succeeded by the senior colonel, 
 Dayton, who served until the close of the 
 war. In September, 1781, the three regi- 
 ments were ordered to Virginia, where they 
 participated in the Yorktown campaign and 
 were present at the surrender of Lord Corn- 
 wallis. The news of the cessation of hostili- 
 ties was announced in the camp of the 
 brigade April 19, 1783, and the Jersey Line 
 was mustered out on the succeeding 3d of 
 November. 
 
 State Teoops. — Besides the troops who 
 served continuously in the regular army. 
 New Jersey had occasion at various times 
 during the war to call out volunteers from 
 the militia for protection against the incur- 
 sions of the British and the raids of Royalists 
 and Indians. These commands were held 
 subject to duty in this and adjoining States, 
 and were known as " New Jersey Levies," 
 " Five Months' Levies," or more generally 
 as " State Troops." The artillery companies 
 of Frelinghuysen and Hugg, already alluded 
 to, the earliest of these organizations, were 
 created under the act of the Provincial Con- 
 gress of February 13, 1776. November 27, 
 1776, the first act was passed for the organi- 
 zation of the infantry branch of the State 
 troops, and four battalions of eight com- 
 panies each were raised by voluntary enlist- 
 ment. One battalion was recruited in the 
 counties of Gloucester, Salem and Cumber- 
 land, three companies coming from the former 
 county. Of this battalion, David Potter 
 was appointed colonel, Whitton Cripps 
 lieutenant-colonel, and Anthony Sharp major. 
 Capt. Simon Lucas commanded another 
 
THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION. 
 
 71 
 
 Gloucester company, which was formed 
 under the call of December 29, 1781, for 
 four hundred and twenty-two men to serve 
 until December 16, 1782. Calls were also 
 made on June 7 and 14, 1780, for four 
 hundred and twenty men to serve until 
 January 1, 1782. 
 
 Militia. — The militia were the first 
 troops organized in New Jersey in the Revo- 
 lution, the Provincial Congress, on June 3, 
 1775, providing "a plan for regulating the 
 militia of the colony," because of " the cruel 
 and arbitrary measures adopted and pur- 
 sued by the British Parliament and present 
 ministry for the purpose of subjugating the 
 American colonies to the most abject servi- 
 tude." By the elaboration of this plan in 
 August, Gloucester was required to raise 
 three battalions. On June 3, 1776, the 
 Continental Congress called for thirteen 
 thousand eight hundred militia to reinforce 
 the army at New York. The quota for 
 New Jersey was three thousand three hun- 
 dred, of which Gloucester furnished two 
 companies. On July 16th Congress re- 
 quested the convention of New Jersey to 
 supply with militia the places of two thou- 
 sand of Washington's troops that had been 
 ordered into New Jersey to form the Flying 
 Camp. Of the thirty companies of sixty-four 
 men each sent under this call, Gloucester 
 provided three, which, with one from Cum- 
 berland and three from Burlington, were 
 combined in a battalion under Colonel Charles 
 Read, Lieutenant- Colonel Josiah Hillman, 
 Major William Ellis and Surgeon Bodo 
 Otto, Jr. August 11, 1776, the militia was 
 divided into brigades, one to be detached for 
 immediate service and relieved by the other 
 at the expiration of thirty days. On this 
 basis of monthly classes, in active service 
 alternate months, these troops were held 
 during the war. On January 8, 1781, the 
 organization was enlarged to three brigades. 
 " The good service performed by the militia 
 of New Jersey is fully recorded in history. 
 
 At the fights at Quinton's Bridge, Hancock's 
 Bridge, Three Rivers, Connecticut Farms 
 and Van Neste's Mills they bore an active 
 part ; while at the battles of Long Island, 
 Trenton, Assanpink, Princeton, Germantown, 
 Springfield and Monmouth they performed 
 efficient services in supporting the Continen- 
 tal Line." ' 
 
 The subjoined list exhibits the field and 
 staff officers of the militia of Old Gloucester 
 County. 
 
 The following is a list of those from 
 Gloucester County who served either in the 
 Continental army. State troops or militia 
 during the Revolutionary War : ^ 
 
 Brigadier- General. 
 
 Joseph Ellis. 
 
 Colonels. 
 
 Bodo Otto. Israel Shreve. 
 
 Richard Somers. 
 
 Lieutenant- Colonels. 
 
 Robert Brown. Samuel Shreve. 
 
 Elijah Clark. Samuel Tonkin. 
 
 Majors. 
 
 William Ellis. George Payne. 
 
 Samuel Flannigan. Jeremiah Smith. 
 
 Rich'd Westcott. 
 
 Paymasters. 
 
 Thomas Carpenter. John Little. 
 
 Surgeon. 
 
 Thomas Hendry. 
 
 Captains. 
 
 John Baker. James Holmes. 
 
 Andrew Barnes. John Inskip. 
 
 Jacob Browning. Simon Lucas. 
 
 Richard Cheeseman. Archibald MaflBt. 
 
 Joseph Covenover. William Maflit. 
 
 John Cozens. John Patten. 
 
 John Davis. David Paul. 
 
 Douglas. George Pierce. 
 
 Joseph Elwell. William Price. 
 
 Sawtel Elwell. George Purvis. 
 
 Joseph Estell. Christopher Rape. 
 
 Felix Fisher. Henry Shute. 
 
 John Hampton. William Smith. 
 
 William Harrison. Robert Snell. 
 Richard Higbee. . Samuel Snell. 
 
 1 " OflBcers and Men of New Jersey in the Revolu- 
 tionary War," by General W. S. Stryker. 
 * Compiled from Stryker's Offfcial Register. 
 
72 
 
 HISTOKY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 James Somers. 
 John Somers. 
 Zephania Steelman. 
 John Stokes. 
 Richard Stonebanks. 
 
 James Tollman. 
 Joseph Thorne- 
 William Watson. 
 David Weatherby. 
 John Wood. 
 
 David Baker. 
 John Carter. 
 John Chatham. 
 Enoch Leeds. 
 
 Lieutenants. 
 
 Joseph McCullough. 
 John Parsons. 
 Ward Pierce. 
 Benjamin Weatherly. 
 
 First. Lieutenants. 
 Joseph Ingersoll. Alexander Mitchell. 
 
 Edward Ireland. Nehemiah Morse. 
 
 Jeremiah Leeds. Samuel Springer. 
 
 Samuel Matlack. Arthur Westcott. 
 
 Second Lieutenants. 
 
 Aaron Chew. 
 Peter Covenhoven. 
 Jacob Endicott. 
 William Finch. 
 John Lucas. 
 
 Samuel McFarland. 
 Abraham Parsons. 
 Jeremiah Eisley. 
 Henry Rowe. 
 John Scull. 
 
 Elijah Townsend. 
 
 Ensigns. 
 
 Daniel Hooper. 
 Benjamin Inskeep. 
 Cornelius McCollum. 
 Joseph Morrell. 
 Nathaniel Sipple. 
 David Stillwell. 
 John Tilton. 
 
 John Adams. 
 Joseph Avis. 
 Elijah Barret. 
 Japhet Clark. 
 John Dilkes. 
 Ebenezer Extell. 
 Daipiel Frazer. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 Abraham Bennet. John Reed. 
 
 William Campbell. Richard Sayers. 
 
 Patrick McCollum. Jacob Spencer. 
 
 James Tomblin. 
 
 Corporal. 
 Leonard Fisler. 
 
 Wagoner. 
 Philip Dare. 
 
 Privates. 
 
 Jesse Adams. 
 Jonas Adams. 
 Jonathan Adams. 
 Richard Adams. 
 Thomas Adams. 
 William Adams. 
 Abram Aim. 
 Abraham Albertson. 
 Albert Alberson. 
 Isaac Albertson. 
 Jacob Albertson, Jr. 
 Jacob Albertson, Sr. 
 
 Jeptha Abbot. 
 John Abel. 
 Daniel Ackley. 
 Hezekiah Ackley. 
 James Ackley. 
 John Ackley. 
 Silas Ackley. 
 James Adair. 
 Andrew Adams. 
 David Adams. 
 Elijah Adams. 
 Jeremiah Adams. 
 
 George Allen. 
 Joseph Allen. 
 William Allen. 
 Thomas Alleor. 
 Jacob AUset. 
 Henry Anderson. 
 Isaac Armstrong. 
 Gibson Ashcroft. 
 James Ashcroft. 
 Jacob Assit. 
 Conuter Atherton. 
 Abijah Ayers. 
 James Ayers. 
 Moses Ayers. 
 .lohn Baley. 
 Jonathan Baley. 
 Joseph Baley. 
 Benjamin Balken. 
 Jonathain Barton. 
 William Bates. 
 Thomas Beavin. 
 Jonathan Beesley. 
 James Belange. 
 Nicholas Belange. 
 Samuel Belange. 
 Robert Bell. 
 William Bell. 
 Jonathan Benly. 
 Alexander Bennet. 
 John Bennet. 
 Jonathan Bennet. 
 John Berry. 
 Patrick Brady. 
 George Bright. 
 Asa Brown. 
 Matthew Brown. 
 George Browne. 
 Thomas Bryant. 
 Elijah Buck. 
 Josiah Budd. 
 John Budey. 
 James Bulangey. 
 Joshua Bulangey. 
 Robin Bunton. 
 Benjamin Bachon. 
 Abel Bacon. 
 Frederick Baker. 
 James Baley. 
 Haned Bardin 
 Richard Barker. 
 Benjamin Bispham. 
 Andrew Blackman. 
 David Blackman. 
 John Blackman. 
 Nehemiah Blackman. 
 
 James Bleakman. 
 James Boggs. 
 William Boice. 
 Jonathan Borton. 
 Edward Bo wen. 
 Josiah Bowen. 
 David Bowyer. 
 John Bradford. 
 David Brower. 
 John Bryant. 
 Joseph Burch. 
 Elijah Burk. 
 Moses Burnet. 
 Samuel Burton. 
 William Bushing. 
 Moses Butterworth. 
 Aaron F. Cade. 
 John Cain. 
 Samuel Cain. 
 Ezekiel Camp. 
 James Camp. 
 David Campbell. 
 William Campbell. ■ 
 William Campeu. 
 John Cann. 
 George Caranna. 
 Jacob Carpenter. 
 George Carter. 
 James Caruthers. 
 John Casey. 
 Benjamin Casker. 
 Tobias Casperson. 
 William Cattell. 
 George Cavener. 
 Thomas Chamberlain. 
 John Chattan. 
 Thomas Cheesman. 
 John Chester. 
 Robert Chew. 
 Adrial Clark. 
 David Clark. 
 John Clark. 
 Joseph Clark. 
 Parker Clark. 
 Richard Clemens. 
 David Clement. 
 William Clifton. 
 Jacob Clough. 
 John Cobb. 
 Thomas Cobb. 
 William Cobb. 
 Joseph Conklin. 
 Bryant Conelly. 
 David Conover. 
 Jesse Conover. 
 
THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION. 
 
 73 
 
 Tatterson Cook. 
 Silas Cook. 
 William Cordry. 
 Abel Corson. 
 Simon Coshier. 
 Benjamin Cosier. 
 Simon Cosier. 
 James Coults. 
 Isaac Course. 
 William Course. 
 Joseph Covenhoven. 
 Andrew Cox. 
 Jacob Cox. 
 John Cozens. 
 Samuel Crager. 
 Levi Crandell. 
 William Cranmore. 
 Cornelius Cullom. 
 John Camp. 
 Joseph Camp, Sr. 
 Joseph Camp, Jr. 
 Archibald Campbell. 
 Simeon Casker. 
 Daniel Champion. 
 John Champion. 
 Thomas Champion. 
 Benjamin Clark. 
 Reuben Clark. 
 Thomas Clark. 
 George Clifton. 
 Micajah Conover. 
 Peter Conover. 
 Peter B. Conover. 
 John Cook. 
 John Corson. 
 John Coshier. 
 Isaac Covenhoven. 
 John Covenhoven. 
 Cain Dair. 
 John Dai/. 
 Samuel Dallas. 
 John Danelson. 
 Kidd Daniels. 
 Joel Daven. 
 Andrew Davis. 
 Cain Davis. 
 Curtis Davis. 
 Charles Day. 
 Samuel Day. 
 Thomas Day. 
 Elias Deal. 
 James Deal. 
 Samuel Deal. 
 James Deckley. 
 Edward Deifel. 
 10 
 
 John Delfer. 
 Samuel Denick. 
 Samuel Denick, Jr. 
 Gideon Denny. 
 Jonas Denny. 
 Thomas Denny. 
 Andrew Derrickson. 
 John Dickinson. 
 Samuel Dilkes. 
 Frampton Dill. 
 John Dolbier. 
 Samuel Dollis. 
 John Doram. 
 Silas Dorcar. 
 Abner Doughty. 
 Absalom Doughty. 
 Jonathan Doughty. 
 Josiah Doughty. 
 John Drummond. 
 Edward Duffel. 
 Samuel Dulaney. 
 Thomas Dunaway. 
 William Daniels. 
 Earl Davis. 
 Richard Davis. 
 John Deal. 
 David Dennis. 
 Matthew Dennis. 
 William Dickinson. 
 Jesse Dormant. 
 Edward Dougherty. 
 Abel Doughty. 
 Abige Doughty. 
 Thomas Doughty. 
 Edward Dowan. 
 John Dower. 
 Benjamin Drummond. 
 James Dunlap. 
 Joseph Eastall. 
 John Edwards. 
 Joseph Edwards. 
 William Elbridge. 
 Jeremiah Elway. 
 Joseph English. 
 Joseph Ervin. 
 John Evans. 
 Abner Ewing. 
 Abraham Ewing. 
 Mis. English. 
 Thomas English. 
 Daniel Falker. 
 John Farrell. 
 Abraham Farrow. 
 John Farrow. 
 Mark Farrow. 
 
 George Feathers. 
 Peter Fell. 
 William Fell. 
 Abraham Feniraore. 
 Daniel Feuimore. 
 Nathan Ferlew. 
 James Ferril. 
 Jacob Fetter. 
 Thomas Field. 
 Jacob Fisher. 
 Jacob Fisler. 
 George Fithian. 
 William Fithian. 
 William Fletcher. 
 Uriah Forbes. 
 William Ford. 
 William Fort. 
 George Fowler. 
 Isaac Fowler. 
 Andrew Frambis. 
 John Franklin. 
 Daniel Frazier. 
 Samuel French. 
 Daniel Furman. 
 William Furman. 
 John Fisler. 
 Nicholas Frambis. 
 William Fry. 
 Ebenezer Grinton. 
 Calvin Gamble. 
 Edward Gandy. 
 Elias Gandy. 
 John Gandy. 
 James Gant. 
 Robert Garret. 
 Cornelius Garrison. 
 Elijah Garrison. 
 Reuben Garrison. 
 Samuel Garwood. 
 Rossel Gee. 
 William Gentry. 
 James Gibeson. 
 Job Gibeson. 
 John Gibeson. 
 Daniel Giffen. 
 James Gillingham. 
 Reese Given, Sr. 
 Reese Given, Jr. 
 William Given. 
 Richard Graham. 
 William Graham. 
 Joshua Greaves. 
 James Gromley. 
 Benjamin Guild. 
 Jacob Garratson, 
 
 Jeremiah Garratson. 
 Joseph Garratson. 
 Lemuel Garratson. 
 Benjamin Gifford. 
 James Gifford. 
 John Gifford. 
 Timothy Gifford. 
 John Goff 
 Francis Gonnel. 
 James Gormley. 
 William Hackett. 
 Joseph Haines. 
 William Hainey. 
 James Hamilton. 
 John Hamilton. 
 John Hancock. 
 Abram Harcourt. 
 Abel Harker. 
 David Harker. 
 Nathaniel Harker. 
 Moses Harris. 
 Reuben Harris. 
 William Harris. 
 George Hawkins. 
 David Hays. 
 Peter Hedd. 
 David Heind. 
 Leonard Helel. 
 Hance Helmes. 
 John Helmes. 
 Robert Hemphill. 
 Jacob Henns. 
 George Henry. 
 Michael Hess. 
 John Hessler. 
 William Hewes. 
 Benjamin Hewett. 
 Caleb Hewett. 
 Moses Hewett. 
 Samuel Hewett. 
 Thomas Hewett. 
 William Hewett. 
 Isaac Hickman.' 
 James Hickman. 
 Edward Higbey. 
 Isaac Higbey. 
 Richard Higbey. 
 Uriah Hill. 
 Daniel Hillman. 
 Samuel Hillman. 
 Samuel A. Hillman. 
 Michael Hiss. 
 John Hitman. 
 Benjamin Hoffman. 
 Jacob Hoffman. 
 
74 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Thomas Hollingsworth. 
 Andrew Homan. 
 Daniel Homan. 
 John Hukey. 
 John Hulings. 
 Thomas Humphrey. 
 David Hund. 
 Lewis Hund. 
 John Hurley. 
 Abraham Hutchinson. 
 Ezekiel Hutchinson. 
 Peter Hutsinger. 
 Thomas Hickman. 
 Absalom Higbey. 
 John Hillman. 
 Seth Hillman. 
 David Homan. 
 John Hugg. 
 Andrew Hurst. 
 Jacob Idle. 
 George Ihnetler. 
 Daniel Ingalson. 
 Isaac Ingalson. 
 Benjamin Ingersoll. 
 Ebenezer Ingersoll. 
 John Ingersoll. 
 Joseph Ingersoll, Jr. 
 Amos Irelan. 
 Thomas Irelan. 
 Thomas Ireland. 
 John Ireland. 
 Thomas Ireland. 
 David Irelan. 
 Edmond Irelan. 
 George Irelan. 
 Japhet Irelan. 
 Jonathan Irelan. 
 Joseph Irelan. 
 Reuben Irelan. 
 James Jeffries. 
 John Jeffries. 
 Jonathan Jerry. 
 Samuel Jess. 
 Isaac Johnson. 
 Joseph Johnson. 
 Lawrence Johnson. 
 Lewis Johnson. 
 Nathaniel Johnson. 
 Richard Johnson. 
 Isaac Johnston. 
 Abraham Jones. 
 Abram Jones. 
 Daniel Jones. 
 Hugh Jones. 
 Jonas Jones. 
 
 Lawrence Jones. 
 Samuel Jones. 
 Michael Johnson. 
 William Johnston. 
 Isaac Jones. 
 John Kaighn. 
 Reuben Keen. 
 Thomas Kehela. 
 David Keilson. 
 Patrick Kelly. 
 Uriah Kelly. 
 William Kelly. 
 James Kendle. 
 John Kerrey. 
 John Kesler. 
 Daniel Kidd. 
 Peter Kidd. 
 John Killey. 
 Joseph Kindle. 
 Andrew King. 
 Cornelius Lacy. 
 John Lafferty. 
 Andrew Lake. 
 Joseph Lake. 
 Nathan Lake. 
 William Lake. 
 James Land. 
 Nathan Leah. 
 Nathaniel Leake. 
 William Leake. 
 Godfrey Leaman. 
 David Lee. 
 Joseph Lee. 
 Walter Lee. 
 Daniel Leeds. 
 Felix Leeds. 
 James Leeds. 
 William Leeds. 
 Azariah Leonard. 
 Francis Lewis. 
 Jeremiah Lewis. 
 John Linwood. 
 Daniel Lippencott. 
 John Lippencott. 
 John Little. 
 John Little, Sr. 
 John Little, Jr. 
 Cornelius Locy. 
 John Lodge. 
 Ansey Long. 
 Moses Long. 
 Silas Long. 
 Asa Lord. 
 John Lord. 
 Jonathan Lord. 
 
 Richard Lown. 
 Israel Luck. 
 Daniel Lake. 
 Mack Lamor. 
 George Land. 
 Nehemiah Leeds. 
 Thomas Leeds. 
 John Lock. 
 Jonathan Lock. 
 Abram Loper. 
 Abram Manary. 
 David Mancy. 
 Benjamin Manley. 
 Edmund Mapes. 
 Andrew Mason. 
 David Mason. 
 Benjamin Massey. 
 Joseph Masters. 
 David Mattacks. 
 Jesse Mattacks. 
 Michael McOleary. 
 John McCollum. 
 Abraham McCullock. 
 James McFadden. 
 John McFadden. 
 Samuel McFarland. 
 Daniel McGee. 
 George McGonigal. 
 Charles McHenry. 
 William McKay. 
 William McKimmy. 
 Hector McNeil. 
 George Meare. 
 Charles Meyers. 
 Benjamin Miller. 
 Samuel Miller. 
 Stephen Miller. 
 Samuel Mintear. 
 George Mires. 
 John Mitchell. 
 Andrew Moore. 
 Daniel Moore. 
 Thomas Morris. 
 Jonas Morse. 
 Nicholas Morse. 
 George Moses. 
 Sharon Moslander. 
 Ezekiel Mulford. 
 Furman Mulford. 
 Jonathan Mulford. 
 Samuel Mulford. 
 Dave Muney (Murrey). 
 John Munnion. 
 William Murphy. 
 John Musbrook. 
 
 George Marical. 
 Joseph Marshall. 
 William Marshall. 
 Andrew Mart. 
 John McClaisuer. 
 Adam McConnell. 
 Joshua Morse. 
 John Mullaky. 
 Thomas Neaves. 
 Davis Nelson. 
 Gabriel Nelson. 
 James Nelson. 
 Joseph Nelson. 
 Nehemiah Nelson. 
 Richard Newgen. 
 John Newman. 
 Reuben Newman. 
 Silas Newton. 
 Cornelius Nichols. 
 Thomas Nichols. 
 Wilson Nickles. 
 John Nickleson. 
 David Nielson. 
 Davis Nielson. 
 Gabriel Nielson. 
 Benjamin Nile. 
 Benjamin Norcross. 
 James Norcross. 
 Joseph Norcross. 
 Caleb Norton. 
 Jonathan Norton. 
 Thomas Nukler. 
 Wilson Nuckless. 
 Jacob Nichols. 
 James Norton. 
 John Orr (or Ord). 
 Daniel Osborn. 
 David Padgett. 
 Thomas Padgett. 
 Joseph Parker, Sr. 
 Samuel Parker, Sr. 
 Daniel Parkes. 
 Joseph Parkes. 
 Noah Parkes. 
 Paul Parkes. 
 John Patterson (1st). 
 John Patterson (2d). 
 Joseph Paul. 
 Robert Pawpe. 
 Samuel Peckin. 
 Stephen Peirson. 
 James Penton. 
 Joseph Penyard. 
 Samuel Penyard. 
 Samuel Perkins. 
 
THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION. 
 
 75 
 
 Daniel Perry. 
 John Peny. 
 Joseph Perry. 
 Moses Perry. 
 Philip Peters. 
 Abram Peterson. 
 David Peterson. 
 Jacob Peterson. 
 Samuel Peterson. 
 Thomas Peterson. 
 Joseph Pett. 
 George Pierce. 
 Joseph Piatt. 
 Samuel Piatt. 
 Thomas Poarch. 
 Lawrence Pouleson. 
 John Powell. 
 Richard Powell. 
 Jacob Price. 
 Levi Price. 
 Thompson Price. 
 William Pridmore. 
 William Prigmore. 
 Joseph Parker, Jr. 
 Samuel Parker, Jr. 
 John Parry. 
 Israel Parshall. 
 David Pierson. 
 Ward Pierce. 
 Richard Price. 
 Thomas Price. 
 William Quicksel. 
 John Rain. 
 Jonathan Reed. 
 William Reed. 
 John Reeves. 
 Joshua Reeves. 
 Thomas Reeves. 
 Thomas Rennard. 
 Samuel Reynolds. 
 Michael Rice. 
 Joseph Rich. 
 Richard Richerson. 
 Richard Richman. 
 Daniel Richmond. 
 Jacob Riley. 
 Patrick Riley. 
 Aun Risley. 
 David Risley. 
 Joseph Risley. 
 John Robbins. 
 James Roberts. 
 Joseph Roberts. 
 George Robertson. 
 Caleb Robeson. 
 
 Jeremiah Robeson. 
 Joseph Robeson. 
 Thomas Robeson. 
 Jeremiah Robinson. 
 William Rockhill. 
 Andrew Ross. 
 Stephen Ross. 
 Enoch Rudnown. 
 Enoch Rudrow. 
 Obadiah Reed. 
 Morris Risley. 
 Nathaniel Risley. 
 Samuel Risley. 
 Thomas Risley. 
 Isaac Robertson. 
 John Rossell. 
 John Salmon. 
 John Salsbury. 
 Joseph Sawings. 
 David Sayers. 
 Thomas Scott. 
 Abel Scull. 
 David Scull. 
 Joseph Scull. 
 Peter Scull. 
 David Sealey. 
 Jacob Seddons. 
 Benjamin Seeds. 
 John Seeley. 
 David Seers. 
 William Seller. 
 John Selvy. 
 William Senker. 
 John Shane. 
 Henry Sharp. 
 Reuben Shaw. 
 Richard Shaw. 
 David Sheeff. 
 Lawrence Shepherd. 
 Nathaniel Shepherd. 
 Owen Shepherd. 
 Frederick Sbinfelt. 
 Edward Shroppear. 
 John Shuley. 
 Samuel Shute. 
 Henry Sight. 
 John Sill. 
 John Silvey. 
 George Simpkins. 
 James Simpkins. 
 Jesse Siner. 
 William Sinker. 
 David Skeoff. 
 John Slawter. 
 Philip Slide. - 
 
 James Smallwood. 
 John Smallwood. 
 Elias Smith. 
 Elijah Smith, Jr. 
 Felix Smith. 
 Henry Smith. 
 Isaac Smith. 
 James Smith. 
 Jesse Smith. 
 John Smith. 
 Joseph Smith. 
 Joshua Smith, 
 Micha Smith. 
 Nathan Smith. 
 Noah Smith. 
 Thomas Smith. 
 William Smith (1st). 
 William Smith (2d). 
 Zenos Smith. 
 Daniel Snellbaker. 
 Philip Snellbaker. 
 George Snelbacker. 
 David Snell. 
 Robert Snelly. 
 Joseph Soey. 
 Nicholas Soey. 
 Samuel Soey. 
 David Sommers. 
 Enoch Sommers. 
 Isaac Sommers. 
 John Somers. 
 Richard Sommers. 
 Thomas Sommers. 
 Joseph Sparks. 
 Robert Sparks. 
 Thomas Springer. 
 Jeremiah Springer. 
 John Sprong. 
 John Starkey. 
 John Spire. 
 Richard Stedman. 
 Andrew Steelman. 
 Daniel Steelman. 
 David Steelman. 
 Ebenezer Steelman. 
 Frederick Steelman. 
 George Steelman, 
 James Steelman, Sr. 
 James Steelman. 
 John Steelman. 
 Jonas Steelman. 
 Jonathan Steelman, Jr. 
 Jonathan Steelman, Sr. 
 Richard Steelman. 
 David Stephens. 
 
 Ezekiel Steward. 
 Joseph Steward. 
 Alexander Stewart. 
 Joel Stewart. 
 John Stewart, Sr. 
 John Stewart, Jr. 
 Stephen Stewart. 
 Ebenezer Stebbins. 
 David Stilwell. 
 Samuel Stoddard. 
 Thomas Stonebank. 
 Joel Stord. 
 Thomas Stothem. 
 Samuel Strickland. 
 John Strumble. 
 Gideon Stull. 
 James Summers. 
 John Stutman. 
 Abraham Swaim. 
 Judeth Swain. 
 Jesse Swan. 
 Isaac Swandler. 
 Valentine Sweeny. 
 Timothy Swiney. 
 Valentine Swing. 
 Isaac Taylor. 
 Robert Taylor. 
 William Tennent. 
 Isaac Terrepin. 
 Uriah Terrepin. 
 Jonathan Terry. 
 James Thomas. 
 John Thackry. 
 John Thomas. 
 Richard Thomas. 
 William Thomson. 
 . Oliver Thorp. 
 John Tice. 
 Daniel Tilton. 
 Peter Till. 
 Joseph Tilton. 
 Jacob Timberman. 
 Elijah Tomlin. 
 Jacob Tomlin. 
 Jonathan Tomlin. 
 William Tomlin. 
 Lewis Tonson. 
 Redack Tourain. 
 John Towne. 
 James Townsend. 
 Daniel Townsend. 
 John Townsend. 
 Reddick Townsend. 
 Daniel Trumey. 
 John Vannemon. 
 
76 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 David Vernon. 
 George Waggoner. 
 John Walker. 
 George Wall. 
 John Wallace. 
 John Wallis. 
 Benjamin Weatherby. 
 David Weatherby. 
 George Weatherby. 
 John Weeks. 
 Zephaniah Weeks. 
 Seth Weldon. 
 Thomas Weldron. 
 Jacob Wence. 
 Peter Wells. 
 Israel West. 
 Uriah West. 
 Porter Wheaton. 
 Robert Wheaton. 
 Silas Wheaton. 
 Uriah Wheaton. 
 Samuel Whitacre. 
 
 Jennings White. 
 John White. 
 John Whitlock. 
 John Wild. 
 Daniel Wiles. 
 James Wiley. 
 David Williams. 
 Edward Williams. 
 George Williams. 
 William Williams. 
 John Williams. 
 David Williamson. 
 John Wilsey. 
 Elijah Wilson. 
 William Wilson. 
 Samuel Woodruff. 
 John Woolson, 
 Samuel Worrick. 
 John Wright. 
 Hance Young. 
 Uriah Young. 
 Jacob Zimmerman. 
 
 Lieutenant Richard Somers at Trip- 
 oli. — In the war in which the United 
 States engaged next after achieving their 
 independence, that against the Barbary States 
 on the African coast of tlie Mediterranean 
 Sea, to punish and suppress their piracy, 
 Lieutenant Richard Somers won a fame 
 which will last as long as the memory of 
 gallant deeds endures. He was the son of 
 Colonel Richard Somers, of the army of the 
 Revolution, was born in Egg Harbor, and 
 became an officer in the American army in 
 1796. In the .squadroa which Commodore 
 Preble took to fight the Moors in 1803 he 
 commanded the schooner " Nautilus." When 
 the enemy captured the " Philadelphia," in 
 1804, Somers conceived the project of send- 
 ing into the inner harbor of Tripoli the little 
 gunboat or ketch " Intrepid " as a fire-ship 
 and infernal machine. She was loaded and 
 her decks covered with powder, bombs, 
 grape-shot, rockets and various missiles, the 
 expectation being to so explode her amidst 
 the Moorish fleet and close to the fortifica- 
 tions that she might inflict the greatest 
 damage on both, possibly destroy the " Phila- 
 delphia," and cause the release of her crew 
 
 and other Americans slowly perishing in 
 the prisons of Tripoli. Somers volunteered 
 for the command of this desperate expedi- 
 tion, and had with him four other volunteers 
 from the crew of the " Nautilus." 
 
 Fenimore Cooper has tersely told the narra- 
 tive of that fateful night of September 4, 
 1804,— 
 
 " Once assured of the temper of his companions, 
 Somers took leave of his officers, the boat's crew 
 doing the same, shaking hands and expressing 
 their feelings as if they felt assured of their fate iri 
 advance. Each of the four men made his will 
 verbally, disposing of his effects among his ship- 
 mates like those about to die. Several of Somers' 
 friends visited him on board the Intrepid be- 
 fore she got under way. Somers was grave and 
 entirely without any affectation of levity or indiffer- 
 ence, but he maintained his usual quiet and tran- 
 quil manner. After some conversation he took a 
 ring from his finger, and breaking it into three 
 pieces, gave each of his companions ' one, while 
 he retained the third himself. 
 
 "Two boats accompanied the Intrepid to 
 bring off the party just after setting Are to the 
 train. About nine o'clock in the evening Lieu- 
 tenant Eeed was the last to leave the Intrepid 
 for his own vessel. When he went over her side 
 all communication between the gallant spirits she 
 contained and the rest of the world ceased. The 
 ketch was seen to proceed cautiously into the 
 bay, but was soon obscured by the haze on the 
 water. At ten o'clock the enemy's batteries were 
 slowly firing upon her. At this moment Captain 
 Stewart and Lieutenant Carroll were standing in 
 the gangway of the Siren, one of the American 
 fieet, looking intently toward the place where the 
 ketch was known to be, when the latter exclaimed, 
 ' Look ! see the light ! ' At that instant a light 
 was seen passing and waving, as if a lantern were 
 carried by some person along a vessel's deck. 
 Then it sunk from view. Half a minute may 
 have elapsed, when the whole firmament was 
 lighted by a fiery glow, a burning mast with its 
 sails was seen in the air, the whole harbor was 
 momentarily illuminated, the awful explosion 
 came and a darkness like that of doom succeeded. 
 The whole was over in less than a minute, the 
 flame, the quaking of towers, the reeling of ships, 
 and even the bursting of shells, of which most fell 
 in the water, though some lodged on the rocks. 
 
 1 Stewart and Decatur, who were bidding him farewell. 
 
THE WAR OF 1812-14. 
 
 11 
 
 The firing ceased, and from that instant Tripoli 
 passed the night in a stillness as profound as that 
 in which the victims of this explosion have lain 
 from that fatal hour to this." 
 
 , Whether Somers purposely blew up the 
 " Intrepid " to prevent capture, whether the 
 explosion was accidental, or whether it was 
 a hot shot from a Moorish gun is a question 
 that will never be answered, for he and his 
 four devoted shipmates perished in the 
 disaster. 
 
 CHAPTEE VIII. 
 
 THE WAR OF 1812-14. 
 
 The prosperity of the United States after 
 the achievement of their independence was 
 interrupted by the war between England 
 and France, during the career of Napoleon 
 Bonaparte. Those nations declared each 
 other's ports to be in a state of blockade, 
 which closed them against American com- 
 merce. The British government demanded 
 the " right of search," to take from American 
 vessels, sailors, claimed to be of English birth, 
 and impress them into the English service. 
 The American people demanded " free trade 
 and sailors' rights," and the outrages perpe- 
 trated were so great that America insisted 
 upon a surrender of the British claim of 
 search. The government of the United 
 States refused to negotiate on the subject, and 
 an embargo was laid upon all ships in Amer- 
 ican ports. 
 
 In all, three thousand American sailors, 
 who were, or were claimed to be, of British 
 ' birth, were impressed into the British navy ; 
 and many hundreds of Irish emigrants on 
 their way to the United States were taken 
 from their ships, upon which they were sail- 
 ing on the high seas, and compelled to serve 
 on British decks as marines. 
 
 The crowning act was committed ou June 
 22, 1807j when the British frigate " Leopard,'' 
 without warning, fired into the American 
 
 man-of-war " Chesapeake," disabled her and 
 took from among her crew four men, on the 
 charge that they were deserters from a Brit- 
 ish ship. Congress passed the Embargo and 
 Non-Intercourse Acts, which were retaliatory 
 measures designed to stop commerce between 
 the United States and Great Britain. The 
 Democrats, who favored a declaration of war, 
 elected Madison President, for whom New 
 Jersey gave her electoral vote. The conspir- 
 acy of Governor Craig, of Canada, and the 
 British ministry to induce the New England 
 States to secede from the Union, by aggra- 
 vating the discontent which they, the great 
 ship-owning and commercial section of the 
 nation, felt because of the prostration of that 
 interest, was revealed by John Henry, and 
 on June 4, 1812, war was declared by Con- 
 gress. 
 
 The prevailing sentiment in New Jersey 
 favored peace if it could be had with honor, 
 but it did not flinch from the ci-isis that Eng- 
 land precipitated. On January 9th, five 
 months before the declaration of war, Sam- 
 uel Pennington, of Essex County, introduced 
 in the House of Assembly a preamble and 
 resolutions, reciting the grievances of the 
 country, and adding, — 
 
 " That in case the government of the United 
 States shall eventually determine to resist by 
 force the lawless aggressions committed by the 
 British nation on the persons and property of our 
 citizens, this Legislature, in behalf of themselves 
 and the citizens of New Jersey, whose representa- 
 tives they are, pledge themselves to the nation to 
 render to the general government all the aid, as- 
 sistance and support in their power, and will, with 
 all readiness, perform all the duties required of 
 them in the prosecution of a war undertaken for 
 the common defence and general welfare." 
 
 On November 16th an order calling out 
 the militia was issued, and among those who 
 tendered the services of their companies was 
 Captain Pissant, of Woodbury. No other 
 organization is reported at that time as com- 
 ing from Gloucester County, but it seems 
 that many Gloucester men were enrolled in 
 
78 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 companies formed at Salem, and that they 
 were commanded by Captains Tuft, William 
 Ray, Freas and Garrison. 
 
 Altogether New Jersey had about four 
 thousand men under arms during this war. 
 They were in service generally three months ; 
 five hundred at Fort Richmond, on Staten 
 Island ; other detachments at Paulus Hook 
 and Marcus Hook, and still others along the 
 Delaware River. The State was not the 
 theatre of any military operations, but pre- 
 cautionary measures were taken in case the 
 British should attempt an invasion by way 
 of the Delaware, which was frequently 
 threatened by the presence of her fleets 
 along the coast. In 1814 a brigade of 
 militia, under command of General Eben- 
 ezer Elmer, was stationed at Billingsport, 
 from whence it observed the movements of a 
 small British schooner, which occasionally 
 came into the river. Forty or fifty of these 
 landsmen chartered another schooner, and, 
 putting themselves under the direction of a 
 dragoon officer, who had been a sailor, they 
 put oif to attack the foe. Unluckily, the 
 water was so rough that all hands, except the 
 captain and a few others, were driven below 
 by sea-sickness ; but even thus disabled, he 
 gave chase to the British vessel, which 
 crowded on canvas and put out to sea, 
 though she could easily have captured her 
 pursuer. 
 
 In the latter part of 1813, as several small 
 coasters were sailing around Cape May from 
 the Delaware River, bound for Egg Harbor, 
 they came in contact with a British armed 
 schooner lying off the Cape. She chased 
 and captured the sloop " New Jersey," from 
 Mays Landing, which was manned by the 
 master. Captain Burton, and two hands. 
 Having placed on board as prize-master a 
 young midshipman, with three men (two 
 Englishmen and an Irishman), she ordered 
 the sloop to follow her, and made chase for 
 the other vessels. As they neared Egg Har- 
 bor, the approach of night compelled her to 
 
 desist from the chase, and she then put about 
 for the Cape. The sloop followed, but made 
 little headway, the midshipman in command 
 being an indifferent seaman, and he finally 
 ordered Burton to take the helm and head 
 for Cape May. Burton designedly held the 
 sloop off and on during the night, so that 
 when morning dawned they were off the 
 mouth of Great Egg Harbor. Burton pro- 
 fessed ignorance of his whereabouts, and the 
 puzzled British middy sent one man aloft as 
 a look-out, while he went below with another 
 to study the charts, leaving one of the prize- 
 crew on deck with the Americans. The lat- 
 ter made this man prisoner, secured the look- 
 out as he came down from the masthead, 
 locked the midshipman and his companion 
 in the cabin, and thus recaptured their vessel, 
 which they sailed to Somers Point, where 
 they turned their captives over to an Ameri- 
 can officer. The midshipman was exchanged, 
 the two Englishmen went to work in the 
 neighborhood and the Irishman enlisted in 
 the United States navy. 
 
 The heroic Captain James Lawrence, so 
 greatly distinguished in this war, though 
 born in Burlington, obtained much of his 
 education at the academy in Woodbury, where 
 he studied navigation with Samuel Webs]ter.' 
 For two years he read law with his brother 
 John, who was a leading practitioner at the 
 Gloucester bar, but left his office in 1798 to 
 accept a midshipman's commission in the 
 navy. Mickle; in his " Reminiscences of Old 
 Gloucester," relates that he was told by a 
 friend who met Lawrence at English's Ferry, 
 in Camden, at the opening of the war, that 
 the latter remarked with much warmth, in 
 alluding to the attack of the " Leopard " upon 
 the " Chesapeake : " "I shall never sleep sound 
 until that stain is washed from the ' Chesa- 
 peake's ' decks." Perhaps he had this deed 
 of vengeance in mind when he was promoted 
 
 1 Commodore Stephen Decatur was also a pupil at 
 this school, and during his academic terms in Wood- 
 bury resided with the West family, at the Buck Tavern. 
 
THE WAR OF 1812-14. 
 
 79 
 
 to the command of the " Chesapeake," and, on 
 June 1, 1813, accepted the challenge of Cap- 
 tain Broke, of the British frigate " Shannon," 
 to the combat off the Massachusetts coast. 
 Going into action with an unprepared ship 
 and a raw crew, he suffered a terrible defeat 
 and lost his own life. As they bore him 
 down the hatchway, bleeding to death, he 
 gave, in feeble voice, his last heroic order — 
 ever afterward the motto of the American 
 man-o'-war's man — " Don't give up the ship." 
 On the previous 24th of February, while 
 commanding the " Hornet," he had captured 
 the British sloop-of-war " Peacock " on the 
 South American coast, and had won the plau- 
 dits of the nation. 
 
 New Jeesfa' Militia. — The army of 
 the United States previous to 1808 num- 
 bered only three thousand men, but the same 
 year the force was increased to six thousand. 
 In January, 1812, Congress had directed a 
 force of twenty-five thousand to be raised, so 
 that the entire number authorized by law 
 now exceeded thirty-five thousand, including 
 the officers, and consisted of twenty-five reg- 
 iments of infantry, three of artillery, two of 
 light artillery, two of dragoons and two rifle 
 regiments. In addition to this, the President 
 was authorized to accept the services of any 
 number of volunteers not exceeding fifty 
 thousand, who were to be armed and equipped 
 by the United States ; and a similar author- 
 ity was given to him to call upon the Gover- 
 nors of States for detachments of militia, the 
 whole of which was not to exceed one hioi- 
 dred thousand. 
 
 Aaron Ogden, Governor of New Jersey, 
 issued his proclamation calling for volunteers 
 to garrison fortifications and for coast defense. 
 In answer to this call, Gloucester County 
 responded with eleven full companies of 
 troops, of which one was independent, eight 
 were attached to Brigadier-General Ebenezer 
 Elmer's brigade of detailed militia and were 
 assigned to Colonel Joshua Howell's regi- 
 ment. They were stationed at Billingsport, 
 
 Cape May and Port Elizabeth. Two full 
 companies— one of infantry and the other of 
 artillery — were assigned to the defense of the 
 sea-coast from New York Harbor to Cape May, 
 and as occasion demanded, were detached to 
 protect any and all points along the sea-coast. 
 
 UNIFOBJ[ED SOLDIERS IN 1812. 
 
 The territory embraced in Atlantic and 
 Cape May Counties, since taken from Glou- 
 cester, sent out its quota of volunteers who took 
 a prominent part in inland and coast protec- 
 tion, and as all the troops herein appended were 
 accredited to Gloucester Connty,it is inijiossible 
 to c!ollect and assign the troops to the several 
 counties, as upon the original rolls, now in 
 the office of the acljutant-general in Trenton 
 (and from wliich these lists were copied), each 
 and all the companies are mentioned only as 
 from Gloucester County. 
 
 The fir.st full company to offer its services 
 to Governor Ogden was that of Captain Jt)hn 
 Cade. 
 
 The name of Captain John Cade is yet 
 well remembered by many citizens of Glou- 
 cester, Camden and Atlantic Counties ; for 
 
80 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 many years he was court-crier and jail-keeper 
 at Woodbury and took a prominent part in 
 ttie military organizations of the county. 
 His son, Thomas Jefferson Cade, "the 
 drummer-boy of Billingsport," was attached 
 to his company and at this date, 1886, is an 
 honored official in the clerk's office in Wood- 
 bury. 
 
 An Independent Company of New 
 Jersey Militia. — Captain John Cade was 
 placed on duty at Billingsport and assigned 
 to Major William Potter's detacliment. This 
 company was enrolled July 14, 1813, and 
 discharged September 30, 1813. The fol- 
 lowing is its rank and file : 
 
 Captain. 
 John Cade. 
 Lieutenants. 
 Zephaniah Steelman. Joseph Bright. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 William Thompson. Jacob Featherer. 
 
 John M. Gibson. David Ewings. 
 
 Thomas Fulton. 
 
 Corporals. 
 
 Samuel Avis. George Floyd. 
 
 James Milsom. Samuel Leapoutt. 
 
 Drummer. 
 
 Thomas Jefferson Cade. 
 
 Fifer. 
 
 William Allen. 
 
 Privates. 
 
 James Andrews. 
 Ware Askill. 
 Nathaniel Ashmore. 
 Jacob Adams. 
 .John Alloway. 
 Joseph Atkinson. 
 Zedekiah Barber. 
 Abraham Bacon. 
 George Burket. 
 Joseph Bozorth. 
 Luke Braning. 
 George Bosier. 
 Thomas Bosier. 
 Henry Crowell. 
 Isaac Crawford. 
 William Cahala. 
 James Crawford. 
 Henry Craven. 
 James Cunningham. 
 Joseph Cairl. 
 
 William Delap. 
 Jacob Dilks. 
 Joseph Doty. 
 Henry Daniels. 
 James Duble. 
 Jonathan Dougherty. 
 David Evans. 
 John Epley. 
 Nicholas Elberson. 
 Jacob Fox. 
 John Finnemore. 
 William Finnemore. 
 Samuel Fagan. 
 Annias Gant. 
 Joseph Groff. 
 William Grant. 
 Solomon Gaskel. 
 Seth Homan. 
 John Hoshiu. 
 William Holmes, Jr. 
 
 Abraham Hewlings. 
 Daniel Holland. 
 Joseph Hilyard. 
 Amos Ireland.- 
 Hezekiah Ireland. 
 William .Jacobs. 
 William Leonard, Jr. 
 David Lock. 
 Benjamin Lord. 
 Abijah Leaming. 
 Methusala Lupton. 
 William Milson. 
 James Milson, Jr. 
 Thomas Milson. 
 Eber Mcllvain. 
 John Miller. 
 James Mallet. 
 John Morris. 
 Cyrus Middleton. 
 Eli Mather. 
 Charles McGee. 
 
 James McNenney, 
 Robert Nelson. 
 Joseph Powell. 
 Joseph Pancoast. 
 Christopher Slim. 
 David Stibbins. 
 George Simkins. 
 .Joseph Shute. 
 Samuel Saxton. 
 Samuel Simson. 
 William Simson. 
 James A. Tice. 
 William Tice. 
 Ephraim Taylor. 
 Benjamin Taylor. 
 David Thomas. 
 Jacob Thompkins. 
 James Vennel. 
 Nicholas Vansant. 
 Venable Wallace. 
 Aaron Wonderlin. 
 
 Total : Three commissioned officers, ninety- 
 one enlisted men. 
 
 Captain John R. Scull's Company 
 was organized April 14, 1814. The officers 
 were commissioned May 6, 1814 ; was called 
 a volunteer company of the First Battalion, 
 First Regiment, Gloucester Brigade. The 
 troops were enrolled May 25, 1814, and were 
 discharged February 12, 1815. The follow- 
 ing is the rank and file of this company : 
 Captain. 
 John R. Scull. 
 First Lieutenant. 
 Lawrence Scull. 
 Second Lieutenant. 
 
 Levi Holbert. 
 
 Third Lieutenant 
 
 Job Frambes. 
 
 Ensign. 
 
 Samuel Risley. 
 
 First Sergeant. 
 
 David Frambes. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 
 Zachariah Dole. Samuel Lake. 
 
 Israel Scull. Richard I. Somers. 
 
 Corporah. 
 John Pine. Isaac Robinson. 
 
 Thomas Reeves. 
 
 Drummer. 
 
 Robert Risley. 
 
 Fifer. 
 
 James M. Gifford. 
 
THE WAE OP 1812-14. 
 
 81- 
 
 James Adams. 
 Jeremiah Adams. 
 Jonas Adams. 
 Solomon Adams. 
 Jacob Albertson. 
 John Barber. 
 David E. Bartlett. 
 John Beaston. 
 Andrew Blackman. 
 Andrew B. Blackman. 
 Thomas Blackman. 
 Derestius Booy. 
 Joseph H. Booy. 
 James Burton. 
 Jesse Chamberlain. 
 Jesse Chambers. 
 Enoch Champion. 
 John Champion. 
 Joel Clayton. 
 John Clayton. 
 Absalom Cordery. 
 Samuel Delancy. 
 James Doughty. 
 Enoch Doughty. 
 John Doughty. 
 Daniel Edwards. 
 Daniel English. 
 Hosea English. 
 Aaron Frambes. 
 Andrew Frambes. 
 Stephen Gauslin. 
 Andrew Godfrey. 
 Andrew Hickman. 
 Ebenezer Holbert. 
 Clement Ireland. 
 David Ireland. 
 Elijah Ireland. 
 Job Ireland. 
 Thomas Ireland. 
 Andrew Jeffers. 
 Daniel Jeffers. 
 Evin Jeffers. 
 Nicholas Jeffers. 
 John Jeffers. 
 William Jeffers. 
 Enoch Laird. 
 David Lee. t 
 
 Jesse Marshall. 
 Daniel Mart. 
 John Mart. 
 Richard Morris. 
 
 David Price. 
 John Price, Sr. 
 John Price, Jr. 
 John Riggins. 
 Jeremiah Risley, Sr. 
 Jeremiah Risley, Jr. 
 Nathaniel Risley. 
 Peter Risley. 
 Richard Risley. 
 John Robarts. 
 John Robinson. 
 Andrew Scull. 
 David Scull. 
 John S. Scull. 
 Joseph Scull. 
 Richard Scull. 
 Damon Somers. 
 Edmund Somers. 
 Isaac Somers. 
 James Somers. 
 John J. Somers. 
 John S. Somers. 
 Joseph Somers. 
 Mark Somers. 
 Nicholas Somers. 
 Samuel Somers. 
 Thomas Somers. 
 Abel Smith. 
 Enoch Smith. 
 Isaac Smith. 
 Jacob Smith. 
 Jesse Smith. 
 Zophar Smith. 
 David Steelman. 
 Elijah Steelman. 
 Francis Steelman. 
 Frederick Steelman. 
 James Steelman. 
 Jesse Steelman. 
 Peter C. Steelman. 
 Reed Steelman. 
 Samuel Steelman. 
 Daniel Tilton. 
 James Town send. 
 .Taphet Townsend, 
 Joel Vansant. 
 Joseph Wilkins. 
 Martin Wilsey. 
 John Winner. 
 Joseph Winner. 
 
 Captain Egbert Smith's Artillery 
 Company was enrolled May 1, 1814, and was 
 attached to the Second Battalion, Third Reg- 
 iment, Gloucester Brigade, and discharged 
 February 19, 1815. The following was the 
 rank and file : 
 
 Captain. 
 
 Robert Smith. 
 
 First Lieutenant. 
 
 Joseph Endicott. 
 
 Second Lieutenant. 
 
 John Endicott. 
 
 First Sergeant. 
 
 William Endicott. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 
 Levi Smallwood. Nehemiah Morse. 
 
 Joseph Kindle. James Smith. 
 
 Corporals. 
 Daniel Kindle, Sr. Malcolm McCollum. 
 
 Joseph Shores. 
 
 Joseph Johnson. 
 
 Total: Five commissioned officers, one 
 hundred and twelve enlisted men. 
 11 
 
 Evy Adams. 
 John Adams. 
 Thomas Adams. 
 Joab Bates. 
 Joseph Bell. 
 William Bennett. 
 James Blackman. 
 John Bowen. 
 Joseph Bowen. 
 John Brewer. 
 Joshua Burnet. 
 George Clifton. 
 Absalom Conover. 
 Adam Conover. 
 Eliakim Conover. 
 James Conover. 
 Job Conover. 
 John Conover. 
 Josiah Conover. 
 Micajah Conover. 
 Peter Conover. 
 Somers Conover. 
 William Conover. 
 Daniel Cordery. 
 Edmund Cordery. 
 Samuel Delap. 
 Abner Doughty. 
 
 Samuel McCollum. 
 
 Drummers. 
 
 Reuben Mathis. 
 
 Fifer. 
 Leed Risley. 
 Privates. 
 
 John Doughty. 
 Nathaniel Doughty. 
 Thomas Doughty. 
 Benjamin Endicott. 
 Jacob Endicott. 
 Nicholas Endicott. 
 Joseph Garwood. 
 James Giberson. 
 Jesse Giberson. 
 John Giberson. 
 Huston Grapevine. 
 Aaron Hewitt. 
 Absalom Higbee. 
 Edward Higbee. 
 Enoch Higbee. 
 Daniel Homan. 
 Eli Homan. 
 David Homan. 
 Mahlon Homan. 
 Isaac Horn. 
 Daniel Ireland. 
 Vincent Ireland. 
 William Johnson. 
 Daniel Kindle, Jr. 
 Thomas Kindle. 
 Cornelius Leeds. 
 Jesse Leeds. 
 
82. 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEWJERSBY. 
 
 Reuben Leeds. 
 Besiah Mathis. 
 Daniel McCollum. 
 Jesse McCollum. 
 John McCollum. 
 Samuel McCollum. 
 Joab Morse 
 Joshua Morse. 
 Thomas S. Murphy. 
 Daniel Newberry. 
 Solomon Newberry. 
 Jesse Parker. 
 Eli Eisley. 
 John Eisley. 
 Daniel Scull. 
 Gideon Scull. 
 James Scull. 
 Paul Scull. 
 
 Gideon 
 
 Dayid Shores.- 
 Samuel Smallwood. 
 Isaac Smith. 
 Jonathan Smith. 
 Noah Smith. 
 Joseph Somers. 
 Richard Somers. 
 William Somers. 
 Benjamin Sooy. 
 Nicholas Sooy. 
 Samuel Sooy. 
 Reed Steelman. 
 Eli Strickland. 
 John Strickland. 
 Samuel Strickland. 
 Aaron Thomas. 
 John Turner. 
 Vincent Weeks. 
 Willdon. 
 
 Total : Three officers, one hundred and four 
 enlisted men. 
 
 General Elmer's Brigade. — The fol- 
 lowing is the roster of the field and staff of 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Howell's regiment, to 
 which the following-mentioned companies 
 were assigned. The roster of each of the 
 eight companies of Elmer's brigade are ap- 
 pended. They were copied from the original 
 rolls in the office of Adjutant-General Stry ker, 
 
 at Trenton : 
 
 Lieutenant- Colonel. 
 Joshua L. Howell, Sept. 7, '14, disch. Dec. 22, '14. 
 
 Majors. 
 Mahlon Davis, Sept. 7, '14, died Nov. 17, '14. 
 Samuel Seagraves, Sept. 26, '14, disch. Jan. 6, '15. 
 
 Lieutenant and Adjutant. 
 Josiah Matlack, Sept. 23, '14, disch. Dec. 22, '14. 
 
 Lieutenants and Quartermasters. 
 Thomas R. Denny, Sept. 21,'14, disch. Sept. 29,'14. 
 Thomas Bradway, Sept. 30,'14, disch. Dec. 22, '14. 
 
 Pay-Master. 
 John Clement, Sept. 31, '14, disch. Jan. 6, '15. 
 
 Surgeon. 
 Jeremiah J. Foster, Sept. 26, '14, disch. Jan. 6,'16. 
 
 Surgeon's Mates. 
 Moses Bateman, Jr., Sept. 25, '14, died Nov. 7, '14. 
 Edmond Sheppard, Nov. 8, '14, disch. Jan. 6, '15. 
 
 Wagon Master. 
 James Miller, Nov. 27, '14, disch. Jan. 7, '15. 
 
 NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. 
 
 Sergeant- Major. 
 Evan C. Clement, Sept. 23, '14, disch. Dec. 22, '14, 
 
 Quartermaster-Sergeant. 
 Benjamin Nichols, Sept. 26, '14, disch. Jan. 6, '16. 
 
 Drum-Major. 
 Joseph PurHl, Jr., Sept. 26, '14, disch. Dec. 22,'14. 
 
 Fife-Major. 
 Clement R. Cory, Sept. 26, '14, disch. Dec. 22, '14. 
 
 Total, fifteen. 
 
 Captain Thomas Wescoat's Company 
 was enrolled September 21, 1814, discharged 
 January 4, 1815, was stationed at Billings- 
 port. The following was the rank and file 
 of the company : 
 
 Captain. 
 
 Thomas Wescoat. 
 
 Lieutenant. 
 
 Arthur Wescoat. 
 
 Ensign. 
 Solomon Adams. 
 
 John Johnson. 
 James Smith. 
 
 Simon Morgan. 
 Samuel Pettitt. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 
 James Wiltse. 
 
 John Hosking. 
 Corporals. 
 
 Edward Dans, 
 
 Daniel Veal. 
 
 Privates. 
 
 George Adams. 
 Noah Adams. 
 Robert Ashcraft. 
 Elijah Barett. 
 Richard Barrett. 
 Edward Beebe. 
 Joseph Beebe. 
 William Bennet. 
 Daniel Berry. 
 David Campbell. 
 Nathaniel Carver, 
 William Clark. 
 Edmund Cordeary. 
 Jacob Cox. 
 Michael Garvette. 
 Daniel Giberson, 
 John Hickman, 
 Major Higbee. 
 Edward Hooper, 
 James Hughes. 
 George Irelon. 
 John Johnson, Jr. 
 James Jones. 
 
 Isaac 
 
 Robert Leeds, 
 Charles Lord. 
 John Murphy. 
 John Peterson. 
 Jesse Platts. 
 George Poyier. 
 Samuel Read, 
 Daniel Rose. 
 Daniel Smith. 
 John I. Smith. 
 John Smith. 
 Steelman Smith. 
 Elijah Steelman, 
 Isaac Steelman. 
 John Stewart. 
 David Stibbins, 
 S;ii Stricklin. 
 Abraham Toiler. 
 John Turner, 
 Daniel Vanneman, 
 David Veal. 
 James Wiley. 
 Booze Wilkius. 
 Yates, 
 
THE WAK OP 1812-14. 
 
 83 
 
 Total: Three commissioned officers, fifty- 
 five enlisted men. 
 
 Captaik Richard W. Cheeseman's 
 COMPASTY of detailed militia was stationed 
 at Billingsport. It was enrolled September 
 22, 1814, and discharged December 16, 1814. 
 The following was the rank and file : 
 
 Captain. 
 
 Richard W. Cheeseman. 
 
 Lieutenant. 
 
 James Bakley. 
 
 E/nsign. 
 Jacob Conrow. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 John Wolohon. John Armitage. 
 
 Samuel Hewitt. Christopher Sickler. 
 
 Corporals. 
 John Watson, Jr. Jacob Cramer. 
 
 Thomas Fulton. Henry ZuUcer. 
 
 Drummer. 
 Isaiah Dill. 
 
 Fifer. 
 William Killium. 
 
 Privates. 
 Nehemiah Beebe. 
 Elijah Britton. 
 Joseph Britton. 
 Arthur H. Brown. 
 Thomas Brown. 
 Wesley Brown. 
 Isaac Bryan. 
 Job Burloe. 
 John Cheeseman. 
 Bichard G. Cheeseman, 
 Samuel Cheeseman. 
 Joseph Dilks. 
 M'duke Dukemenier. 
 Peter Dunn. 
 James English. 
 Samuel Farrow. 
 Benjamin Filar. 
 David Fisher. 
 William Ford. 
 Osman Garrison, 
 Hudson Grapewine. 
 William Grapewine. 
 Daniel Hagerty. 
 William Hewet.. 
 Joseph W. Hillman. 
 John Jones. 
 Jonathan Kendall. 
 
 William Leslie. 
 Cromwell Lewis. 
 David Matlack. 
 Josiah Mickel. 
 Joseph Morgan. 
 Bandall Morgan. 
 Joshua Owen. 
 Enos Parker. 
 Cornelius Peas. 
 Josiah Peas. 
 Anthony Pettit. 
 Jonathan Pine. 
 William Bandall. 
 John Bobertson. 
 William Bowand. 
 Samuel Eudrow. 
 Samuel Slim. 
 David Tice. 
 James A. Tice. 
 John Wallins. 
 James Warrick. 
 Joseph Watkins. 
 John Webber. 
 Joseph Wiley. 
 Thomas Williams. 
 John Zulkes. 
 
 Total: Three commissioned officers and 
 sixty-three enlisted men. 
 
 Captain Jesse C. Chew's Company was 
 stationed at Billingsport. It was enrolled Sep- 
 tember 23, 1814, and discharged December 
 20, 1814. The following was the rank and 
 file: 
 
 Captain. 
 Jesse C. Chew. 
 
 Lieutenant. 
 John Smith. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 John Nelson. William Thompson. 
 
 Charles Brookfleld. Sparks Mcllvain, 
 
 Corporals. 
 Isaac Paul. Samuel White. 
 
 Joseph Mullen. George Sherwin. 
 
 Drummer. 
 James Crawford. 
 
 Privates 
 Abel Ashead. 
 Samuel Baxter. 
 Elijah Blake. 
 David Bowers. 
 Israel Brown. 
 Thomas Burrough. 
 John Carpenter. 
 Jeremiah Carter. 
 Samuel Carrtar. 
 Kendall Cole. 
 John Connelly, Jr. 
 William Connelly. 
 James Corneal. 
 Charles Cozens. 
 Barnes Crawford. 
 Jacob Dilks. 
 Samuel Dilks. 
 Samuel Dilks, Jr. 
 Jonathan Fowler. 
 Franklin B. Frost. 
 James Gant. 
 Joel Heritage. 
 
 Isaac Hews. 
 David Hurst. 
 Isaac Jackson. 
 Matthias Kay. 
 John Mcllvain. 
 Daniel McFee. 
 Samuel Mitten. 
 Beuben MuUeij. 
 Henry Myers. 
 James Park. 
 Ward Park. 
 William Peterson. 
 John Piles. 
 Bobert Pike. 
 Isaac Price. 
 James Seeds. 
 John Sharp. 
 William Sharp. 
 George Simpkins. 
 Joseph Thomson. 
 Edward Thornton. 
 John Wills. 
 
 Total : Two commissioned officers and fifty- 
 three enlisted men. 
 
 Captain Robebt L. Armstrong's Com- 
 pany was enrolled September 26, 1814, and 
 discharged December 22, 1814. It was 
 stationed at Billingsport and afterwards at 
 Cape May. The following was the rank and 
 file: 
 
84 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COtJNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Captain. 
 Eobert L. Armstrong. 
 
 First Lieutenant. 
 Samuel L. Howell. 
 
 Second Lieutenant. 
 Randall Sparks. 
 
 Ensign. 
 Henry Roe, Jr. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 William Hugg. John Learmouth. 
 
 Jacob Madera. Matthias Barton. 
 
 Corporals. 
 Nathan Thomson. John Mickle. 
 
 Benjamin Darlington. John D. Watson. 
 
 Privates. 
 
 Edward Andrews. Charles Kinsenger. 
 
 Thomas Ashbrook. John Matlack. 
 
 Thomas Ayres. James G. Moysten. 
 
 Benjamin Bartlett. Somers Owen. 
 
 William Batt. Charles Page. 
 
 Charles D. Branson. David Pierce. 
 
 Gideon Burroughs. Amasa Pew. 
 
 John Burroughs. Thomas Pawlings. 
 
 Jonas Cattell. Joseph Richards. 
 
 Robert Chatham. Thomas Richards. 
 
 Samuel Cheeseman. John Roberts. 
 
 Samuel E. Clement. Robert Roe. 
 
 Job Coles. William Roe. 
 
 Samuel Coles. William H. Ross. 
 
 Edward Cox. William Rutor. 
 
 James Cox. William Scott. 
 
 Charles Crump. Jacob Sears. 
 
 Henry Davis. Benjamin Shreeve. 
 
 James Dorman. Simon Sparks. 
 
 John Dunaway. Joseph Stirling. 
 
 Independence Ellis. Samuel C. Thackray. 
 
 Jacob Ellis. Cornelius Tice. 
 
 Jacob Fifer. Joseph Townsend. 
 
 John M. Gibson. Daniel Vanneman. 
 
 Isaac Hewett. James Ward. 
 
 Jacob S. Howell. Davis Watson. 
 
 Joseph Hugg. Samuel W. Whitecar. 
 
 Simeon James. Aaron Wilkins. 
 
 Jonathan Kenney. Charles Wilkins. 
 
 Total : four commissioued officers, sixty- 
 six enlisted men. 
 
 Captain Jonathan Lippincott's Com- 
 pany was enrolled September 26, 1814, and 
 discharged December 16, 1814 ; stationed at 
 Billingsport. The following was the rank 
 and file : 
 
 Captain. 
 
 Jonathan Lippincott. 
 
 Lieutenant. 
 
 William Madara. 
 
 Ensign. 
 
 Stephen S. Vanzant. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 
 Samuel Hendrickson. Charles Wood. 
 
 Daniel Key. Samuel Lock. 
 
 Gorporah. 
 David Burk. Jacob Mayers. 
 
 John Madara. Abraham Gaskill. 
 
 Drummer. 
 John Holmes, 
 
 Mfer. 
 Thomas Riley. 
 Privates. 
 John Archer. Abner Luallen. 
 
 John Barber. Job B. Monroe. 
 
 John Burch. William Nugent. 
 
 Jacob Cam. John Powell. 
 
 James Clark. James Price. 
 
 Maskill Clark. Jacob Price. 
 
 Walter W. Day. John Pullen. 
 
 Jonathan Dilks. James Reynolds. 
 
 Jonathan Eldridge. William P. Reynolds. 
 
 John Fisher. Henry Rulon. 
 
 Samuel Garrison. William Russell. 
 
 Abraham Glause. Charles Schweily. 
 
 William Griscom. Joseph Sims. 
 
 Joseph Groff. Philip Snailbaoker. 
 
 Richman P. Gurna,l. Frederick Steel. 
 
 Thomas Hand. John Stow. 
 
 George Heisler. Gabriel Strong. 
 
 Ezra Hendrickson. Isaac Thomson. 
 
 Peter Homan. Thomas Vaughn. 
 
 Andrew Jenkins. William Walker. 
 
 Joseph Keen. Christopher Whitacar. 
 
 Samuel Keen. Elijah Wood. 
 
 Ezekiel Look. Christian Yenser. 
 
 Isaac Lloyd. John E. Younker. 
 
 Total : Three commissioned officers, fifty- 
 eight enlisted men. 
 
 Artillery Company commanded by 
 
 Captain Enoch Gabb. It was stationed at 
 
 Billingsport; enrolled September 26,1814, 
 
 and discharged December 22, 1814. The 
 
 following was the rank and file : 
 
 Captain. 
 
 Enoch Gabb. 
 
 Second Lieutenant, 
 
 Stephen Miller. 
 
THE WAR OF 1812-14. 
 
 85 
 
 Sergeants. 
 James Harker. Ebenezer Turner. 
 
 Corporals, 
 Henry Kigir. Ezekiel Weeks. 
 
 Drummer. 
 William Shillings. 
 Rfer. 
 Eobert Davis. 
 Privates. 
 Thomas Bates. James Reeves. 
 
 John Derrickson. Anthony Riley. 
 
 Benjamin Hewlings. William Shoulders. 
 Aaron Hews. George Shute. 
 
 John Johnson. Zephaniah Weeks. 
 
 Noah Kates. Moses Wilson. 
 
 James Miller, Jr. Gideon Ziern. 
 
 John Pricket. 
 
 Total : Two commissioned officers, twenty- 
 one enlisted men. 
 
 Captain Peter Soudee's Company of 
 detailed militia was stationed at Billings- 
 port. It was enrolled September 27, 1814, 
 and discharged December 21, 1814. The 
 following was its rank and file : 
 
 Captain, 
 Peter Souder. 
 
 Ideutenttnt. 
 
 Joseph Lippincott. 
 
 Unsign. 
 
 William Allen. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 
 Thomas Peterson. Erasmus Morton. 
 
 Dodo Peterson. Philip Curiden. 
 
 Corporals. 
 Andrew Cole. Elwen Cliffin. 
 
 Lawrence Lippincott. John Sparks. 
 Drummer. 
 Benjamin Lippincott. 
 Fifer. 
 Henry Webber. 
 Privates. 
 Daniel Adams. William Currideu. 
 
 Jonathan Ale. James Demaris. 
 
 Josiah Ale. Linnick Dilmore. 
 
 Samuel Beaver. William Dilworth. 
 
 Moses Bidel. Lemuel Dougherty. 
 
 James Boon. David Dubois. 
 
 Daniel Carter. John Dufl'ey, 
 
 Oliver Combs. Samuel Dunlap. 
 
 George Coombs. William Dunn. 
 
 • Joseph Curriden. Jacob Ebright. 
 
 David Ewens. 
 Charles Fithian. 
 Lewis Fransway. 
 John Glauden. 
 Peter Harris. 
 Francis Holeton. 
 John Holeton. 
 William Holeton. 
 Joseph Humphreys. 
 John Hunter. 
 Charles Lath. 
 Andrew Louback. 
 Elijah Loyd. 
 Samuel Lumley. 
 Samuel Mains. 
 Hill Mecum. 
 William Moore. 
 Jacob Nelson. 
 Aaron Padget, 
 Erick Peterson. 
 Peter Peterson. 
 Jacob Whitesele. 
 Thomas Woodnot. 
 
 Samuel Picken. 
 John Plummer. 
 John Reeves. 
 William Sair. 
 Joseph Sanders. 
 Joseph Sapp. 
 John Scott (1). 
 John Scott (2). 
 Silas Sears. 
 Benjamin Smith. 
 Henry Sparks. 
 Josiah Sparks. 
 Thomas Sparks. 
 John Spears. 
 Lewis Stombs . 
 William Straughn. 
 John Stump. 
 Clark Tracy. 
 Charles Wallen. 
 Nathan Welsh. 
 Samuel Wheaton. 
 Jonathan White. 
 
 Henry Zane. 
 
 Total : Three commissioned officers, seven- 
 ty-seven enlisted men. 
 
 Captain William Newton's Company 
 of detailed militia was stationed at Billings- 
 port. It was enrolled September 29, 1814, 
 and discharged December 22, 1814. The 
 following was its rank and file. 
 
 Captain. 
 
 William Newton. 
 
 Lieutenant. 
 
 John Porter. 
 
 Ensign. 
 
 Michael Stow. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 
 Amos A. Middleton. Isaac Vansciver. 
 
 Isaac Jones. George Hoffman. 
 
 Corporals. 
 John Henderson. Davis Nichols. 
 
 Isaiah M. Hannold. 
 
 Privates. 
 
 Benjamin Anderson. 
 William Burns. 
 John Brannon. 
 George L. Browning. 
 Jacob Coleman. 
 Daniel Coles. 
 Henry Earick. 
 John Fisher. 
 James Flick. 
 
 John Garrow. 
 Joseph Garwood. 
 Samuel Hannold. 
 Jacob Lock. 
 Abraham Mack. 
 Isaac Middleton. 
 Matthew Miller. 
 Joel Read. 
 George Roe. 
 
HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Isaac Sage. 
 Armstrong Sapp. 
 John H. Smallwood. 
 Enoch Smith. 
 Samuel Smith. 
 
 Benjamin Stow. 
 John Sutor. 
 William Sutor. 
 Peter Toy. 
 James Vennel. 
 
 Total : Three commissioned officers, thir- 
 ty-five enlisted men.' 
 
 CHAPTEE IX. 
 
 THE WAE WITH MEXICO. 
 
 During the administration of President 
 Polk (1845-49) the war with Mexico oc- 
 curred, in consequence of the adoption by 
 Congress of Senator Benton's bill for the 
 annexation of Texas, which had declared its 
 independence of Mexico in 1833, and ob- 
 tained its freedom as the result of the battle 
 of San Jacinto April 21, 1836, when the 
 Texans, under General Sam Houston, defeated 
 Santa Anna's Mexican army. The population 
 of Texas was largely made up of emigrants 
 from the United States, and almost as soon 
 as they had organized a government by 
 electing Houston as President, they asked for 
 admission to the United States. They had to 
 wait nine years, however, the sinister remon- 
 strances and threats of Mexico, which still 
 cherished hopes of regaining her lost territory, 
 deterring Congress from acceding to the ap- 
 plication. But the Americans crowded so 
 rapidly into the new republic that there 
 could be no question but that its future was 
 destined to be united with that from which 
 it had drawn its people and its institutions, 
 and notwithstanding that the Senate in 1844 
 
 1 Trenton, Nbw Jbrsey, 1 
 Sept. 20, 1886. / 
 
 " I certify that the above list of soldiers detailed 
 from the Gloucester County Militia for service in (he 
 War of 1812, and of soldiers who were enrolled in the 
 New Jersey Battalion for the Mexican War, is correct 
 from the records of this office. 
 
 " William S. Stryker, 
 "Adjutant-General of New Jersey." 
 
 rejected the annexation treaty negotiated by 
 President Tyler, a year later it and the House 
 of Eepresentatives were ready to favorably 
 answer the petition of Texas. 
 
 Mexico officially announced that she re- 
 garded this as an act of war, and by taking 
 up arms sacrificed forever her claim upon 
 Texas, and was eventually compelled to con- 
 firm the conquests of Colonel Philip Kearny 
 and Colonel John C. Fremont in New Mexico 
 and Upper California by the session of those 
 regions to the United States. 
 
 The Whigs had opposed and the Demo- 
 crats had favored the annexation of Texas ; 
 New Jersey had voted for Henry Clay and 
 against Polk for President in 1844 ; and in 
 the existing situation of affiiirs the Whig 
 majority regarded with misgivings a war 
 which they feared would result in the ex- 
 tension of slavery in the Southwest. Yet the 
 quota of troops, which the national govern- 
 ment required the State to furnish, was filled 
 without difficulty, and was forwarded to Mexi- 
 co in time to join in General Taylor's victories 
 in 1846 and 1847, at Palo Alto, Resaca de 
 la Palma, Monterey, Saltillo and Buena 
 Vista. Then they joined the army under 
 Scott, to the triumphs at Vera Cruz, Cerro 
 Gordo, Perote, Contreras, San Antonio, 
 Molino del Rey, Cherubusco, Chapultepec 
 and the City of Mexico. Between May 8, 1 846, 
 the date of the battle of Palo Alto, and Sep- 
 tember 7, 1847, when the entry into the City 
 of Mexico was made, the American armies, 
 never counting as high as eight thousand 
 effective men, had in twenty engagements 
 never failed to defeat the enemy, who were 
 invariably twice or thrice their strength in 
 numbers, had stormed fortifications supposed 
 to be impregnable and utterly vanquished a 
 foe who at the outset of the war had affected 
 to despise " Los Gringos." 
 
 The Jersey commands participating in these 
 marvelous campaigns were all, with one ex- 
 ception, mustered at Trenton into the regular 
 army ; and, therefore, no record was kept of 
 
THE WAR WlTli^ MEXICO. 
 
 87 
 
 the place of their organization, or of the resi- 
 dence of individual recruits. The rosters 
 presented in the office of the adjutant-general 
 at Trenton merely show names and assign- 
 ments to companies or regiments, rendering 
 it impossible to fix through the rolls the 
 towns and counties that supplied any one 
 body of troops. Circumstances, however, 
 indicate that most of the men who went from 
 Camden County were mustered into the 
 Tenth Regiment United States Infantry. 
 
 In addition to the companies thus received 
 into the service by the War Department, a 
 call was made on Governor Charles C. Strat- 
 ton, of New Jersey, on May 23, 1846, for a 
 regiment of volunteer infantry, and in re- 
 sponse to his proclamation a number of com- 
 panies were offered from Newark, Trenton, 
 Burlington and Flemington. Brigadier-Gene- 
 ral Goodwin is stated in Raum's history to 
 have offered the Passaic brigade, and on May 
 29, 1846, Captain Samuel Colt tendered a 
 battalion. 
 
 Camden County Soldieks. — The fol- 
 lowing is a complete record, so far as could be 
 ascertained, of troops from Camden County 
 who served in the Mexican War. They are 
 accredited to Camden County on the original 
 muster-out roll of the company, on file in 
 the office of the adjutant-general in Trenton. 
 They were mustered into the battalion at 
 Fort Hamilton, New York Harbor : 
 
 Company A, New Jersey Battalion, was 
 mustered in September 1, 1847, and mus- 
 tered out August 5, 1848. 
 Captain. 
 Henry A. Naglee. 
 Second Lieutenant. 
 Isaac W. Mickle. 
 Sergeants. 
 David D. Nichols. John M. Mickle. 
 
 Corporal. 
 John Spear. 
 
 Drummer. 
 William H. Benckert. 
 
 Privates. 
 
 Charles S. Bates. 
 Charles Bessonett. 
 Francis S. Bosler. 
 John B. Berger. 
 James Canning. 
 Samuel Cleary. 
 Daniel Carter. 
 Peter Cunningham. 
 Thomas Deizley. 
 James Falan. 
 Lawrence Garey. 
 Thomas Gaynor. 
 Barnet Hansel. 
 William S. Heaton. 
 William Hera. 
 Henry W. Howard. 
 
 Ireland. 
 
 Israel Learner. 
 
 John W. Lumley. 
 Samuel Lumley. 
 John McNulty. 
 Joseph M. Myers. 
 Charles Orhley. 
 George P. Pettit. 
 Charles H. Potts. 
 William W. Reilly. 
 Charles F. Eodgers. 
 Frederick Eothweiler. 
 William Shery. 
 Thomas Shimus. 
 Aaron D. Smallwood. 
 Charles V. Smith. 
 Alexander Steward. 
 Edward Tice. 
 Henry Williams. 
 John Winters. 
 
 Total : Two commissioned officers and forty 
 enlisted men. The following served in the 
 Mexican War in Pennsylvania companies 
 and in the navy, bat were not accredited to 
 Camden County. They entered the United 
 States service from Camden County, — 
 Captains. 
 James McCraken. William Newton. 
 
 Lieutenant. 
 James B. Sutherland. 
 Boatswain's Mate. 
 Ziba Sears. 
 Sergeant. 
 Aquilla Haines. 
 
 Corporal. 
 
 Isaac Toy. 
 
 Gunner's Mate. 
 
 Ezra Lukens. 
 
 The battalion of New Jersey infantry to 
 which the Camden County company was 
 assigned went out from West Jersey. There 
 were many who entered the marine service, the 
 naval service, the regular army, and others 
 again, who were transferred to the store-ship 
 " Fredonia," the bomb brigs, " Vesuvius " 
 and " Heckla," as also the war steamers 
 " Spitfire " and " Iris," and the sloop-of-war 
 " Falcon." There were thirteen men from 
 Camden and Gloucester Counties on the 
 frigate " Cumberland," under Commodore 
 
HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 ConDer, and who were landed below the city 
 of Vera Cruz on the morning of the 9th of 
 March, 1847. They assisted in landing shot 
 and shell, planting batteries and preparing 
 to attack the celebrated castle San Juan de 
 Ulloa. General Scott summoned the city 
 to surrender on the 22d, but receiving a 
 negative answer, the heavy mortars opened 
 fire, which was continued until the 27th, 
 when General Landero, commandant of the 
 city, commenced negotiations for their sur- 
 render. In the mean time the little " Spit- 
 fire," a steamer not larger than one of the 
 small ferry-boats on the Delaware, put out 
 on the guards two men at heaving the lead 
 to find a passage over, the coral reef. One 
 of these was a Jerseyman from Camden 
 County, Boatswain's Mate Ziba Sears, who 
 had distinguished himself in the determined 
 effort to discover a channel or thoroughfare 
 over this reef, which extends for three 
 miles around and beyond the castle and 
 early on the 27th did succeed in find- 
 ing a crossing-place. At once the " Spit- 
 fire " advanced boldly up under the walls of 
 the San Juan, the guns of which were 
 mounted en barbette and could not be de- 
 pressed sufficiently to do any material dam- 
 age to the steamer. The " Spitfire " ran 
 right under the guns of the castle, and tossed 
 red-hot shot into it and set the buildings on 
 fire and compelled the surrender of the 
 castle. When Vera Cruz and the castle 
 surrendered, the detachment of Major John 
 Reynolds, to which the Camden Company was 
 attached, at once captured Alvarado and 
 Hocatalpam, ninety miles below Vera Cruz. 
 Major Reynolds was enthusiastic in his 
 praises of the soldierly bearing of the Jersey 
 troops. James M. Sutherland, of Wood- 
 bury, a first lieutenant in this detachment, 
 was the first to mount the scaling ladders at 
 Chapultepec and planted the Stars and Stripes 
 upon the walls of the city. On the 19th of 
 April, 1847, these same troops attacked and 
 took possession of Perote and throughout the 
 
 entire war took an active part. On the 8th 
 of May, 1848, peace was declared between 
 the United States and Mexico, and at this 
 time the great insurrection was in progress 
 in the peninsula of Yucatan, and the cities on 
 the Gulf coast were in danger and applied 
 to the United States for protection. Our 
 government nobly responded and called for 
 volunteers from among those who were prepar- 
 ing to return home after a grand and glorious 
 conquest. Some of the naval squadron and 
 marines and five hundred of the troops, 
 among whom wei'e some of the Camden 
 company, were at once forwarded to Laguna, 
 Sisal and Campeche. The flint-lock mus- 
 kets and ammunition were turned over to 
 the authorities of the cities, the insurgents 
 were routed, and in November, 1848, six 
 months after the term of service of these 
 troops in the Mexican War had expired, 
 they returned home via Norfolk, being dis- 
 charged from the different vessels of the 
 squadron. 
 
 Captain C. N. Pelouze, of 604 South 
 Fifth Street, Camden, is one of the survivors 
 of the Mexican War. Elisha N. Luckett 
 was a second lieutenant in the Second 
 Pennsylvania Regiment in the Mexican War. 
 He now resides in Camden. Joseph Camp, 
 residing three miles south of Camden, is also 
 a survivor of the Mexican War. 
 
 'Captain Frank H. Coles, whose ser- 
 vices in the preparation of the military 
 chapters and other parts in this work were 
 of great value, entered the marine service in 
 the Mexican War in 1847, assigned to the 
 frigate " Cumberland " mentioned above, 
 and afterward to the United States steamer 
 " Iris," participated in the capture of Vera 
 Cruz, Alvarado and Hocatalpam, and was 
 one of the volunteers to Yucatan. 
 
 Captain Coles was born at "Woodbury, Sep- 
 tember 28, 1827, and is of Swedish descent, 
 his great-grandfather. Job Coles, having emi- 
 grated from Sweden nearly two centuries 
 ago. His father, Samuel Coles, was an ensign 
 
THE WAR FOR THE UNION. 
 
 89 
 
 in the War of 1 8 1 2 . At the outbreak of the 
 Civil War, Captain Coles, between the 12th 
 and 16th of April, 1861, materially assisted 
 in raising the first company that went out 
 from Gloucester County, of which he became 
 first lieutenant. He afterwards entered the 
 three years' service as first sergeant in Third 
 Regiment of General Kearny's brigade ; 
 was promoted to second lieutenant of Com- 
 pany G May 29, 1862 ; promoted to first 
 lieutenant March 24, 1863. After being 
 wounded on June 27, 1863, at Gaines' Mills, 
 he was transferred, December 18, 1863, to 
 the Veteran Reserve Corps as captain, com- 
 manding Fifty-first and Fifty-second Com- 
 panies, Second Battalion, Veteran Reserve 
 Corps. He remained in the service until 
 June 29, 1865. 
 
 Captain Coles was married, in December, 
 1849, to Anna Elizabeth Harker, daughter 
 of Joseph Harker, of Swedesboro' and eldest 
 sister of Brigadier-General Charles G. 
 Harker, a graduate of West Point Military 
 Academy, who was killed at Kennesaw 
 Mountain, Georgia, June 27, 1864, at the 
 age of twenty-seven years. 
 
 Captain William Stillings, now 
 
 residing in Gloucester City, was born in 
 
 1814, son of Jacob Stillings, a soldier of the 
 
 Revolution. He was a soldier in the Seminole 
 
 War in Florida, the Mexican War and the 
 
 War for the Union. In 1838 he enlisted in 
 
 the regular army and served in Florida 
 
 under- General Zachary Taylor. He was 
 
 under General Scott when the Cherokee 
 
 Indians were removed west of the Mississippi 
 
 to Indian Territory. In 1846, with his 
 
 command, he was sent to Mexico, placed 
 
 under General Scott, and participated in the 
 
 memorable battles on the triumphant march 
 
 to the City of Mexico. In 1854 he retired 
 
 from the army and returned to Gloucester. 
 
 In 1861 he was mustered into the service 
 
 as a first lieutenant of Company K, Fourth 
 
 Regiment New Jersey Volunteers, and at 
 
 the expiration of his term of three months 
 
 12 
 
 became a first lieutenant in the three years' 
 service. He was in the battles of West 
 Point and Fair Oaks and at Gaines' Mills 
 was captured by the enemy, placed in Libby 
 Prison forty-six days and then paroled. He 
 joined his command, was promoted to cap- 
 tain, took part in the second battle of Bull 
 Run and the battles of South Mountain and 
 Antietam. After recovering from a wound 
 received in battle he entered the navy as 
 engineer and continued in that service until 
 1867. 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 THE WAR FOE THE UNION. 
 
 If a definite date is sought for the begin- 
 ning of the slavery agitation out of which 
 proceeded the War for the Union, it may 
 be placed in the year 1820, when Mis- 
 souri was admitted into the Union — not but 
 that the question had previously shown itself 
 to be a disturbing and threatening element, 
 but because at that time there was presented 
 for solution, the momentous problem whether 
 the vast territory which had been acquired 
 by the Louisiana purchase should be thrown 
 open to the slave power of the South. The 
 people of the free States — or at least an 
 overwhelming majority of them — were de- 
 termined that this more than imperial domain 
 should not be used for the extension of sla- 
 very, while those in favor of it were equally 
 resolute in the maintenance of their theory 
 that the slave-holder should be at liberty to 
 locate in any of the newly-formed Territories 
 with their human chattels, and, if they pos- 
 sessed the voting majority, to establish sla- 
 very by the Constitution of any State created 
 from the Territories. It is not required that 
 we should here refer to the several compro- 
 mise measures passed by Congress defining 
 lines stretching from the Mississippi River to 
 the Pacific Ocean, the soil north of which 
 
90 
 
 HISTOEY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 should be forbidden to the slave-master and 
 that south of it preserved to him forever. 
 All such efforts to accomplish the impossible 
 task of reconciling under one government 
 two widely repellent industrial, political and 
 social systems proved failures before they 
 were wiped out by the decision of the Su- 
 preme Court in the Dred Scott case. 
 
 Interwoven with this phase of the irre- 
 pressible conflict was the doctrine of States' 
 rights upheld by the Southern leaders and 
 insisted upon as the most efficacious of the 
 instruments for the extension and perpetuity 
 of slavery. It had been discussed with ex- 
 treme vigor in the convention which framed 
 the Constitution of the nation, and even the 
 victory therein of the Federalists over the 
 opposition had not laid it to rest or prevented 
 it from becoming a crucial issue in subse- 
 quent politics. It had been the justifica- 
 tion for South Carolina in 1832, when, under 
 the guidance of John C. Calhoun, that State 
 endeavored to nullify the tariff legislation of 
 Congress, and from it the Southern states- 
 men derived the alleged right of secession, in 
 consequence of the election of Abraham 
 Lincoln to the chief magistracy as the can- 
 didate of a party which declared opposition 
 to the extension of slavery to be its reason 
 for existence. 
 
 The opening of the War for the Union 
 found New Jersey illy prepared to play her 
 part on the field of battle. Devoted to the 
 Constitution which the Legislature had unan- 
 imously ratified in December, 1787, this 
 State was ready to exert her influence to 
 peacefully adjudicate the questions pregnant 
 with national disruption. New Jersey had 
 given four of her electoral votes to Abraham 
 Lincoln and a coalition of the Democratic 
 factions had cast the other three for Stephen 
 A. Douglas. On January 29, 1861, the 
 Legislature passed resolutions indorsing Sen- 
 ator Crittenden's compromise plan, or any 
 other constitutional method that might per- 
 manently settle the question of slavery. The 
 
 conservative temper of that body decided 
 " that the government of the United States 
 is a national government, and the union it 
 was designed to perfect is not a mere com- 
 pact or league; that the Constitution was 
 adopted in a spirit of mutual compromise 
 and concession by the people of the United 
 States and can only be preserved by the 
 constant recognition of that spirit." The 
 Personal Liberty statutes which some of 
 the States had adopted as an offset to the 
 Fugitive Slave Law, were aimed at in a 
 resolution urging States " that have obnox- 
 ious laws in force which interfere with the 
 constitutional rights of the citizens of other 
 States, either in regard to their persons or 
 property, to repeal the same." Another res- 
 olution proposed the calling of a convention 
 of all the States to suggest amendments to 
 the National Constitution that would avert 
 disunion ; and finally, Charles S. Olden, 
 Peter D. Vroom, Robert F. Stockton, Ben- 
 jamin Williamson, Frederick T. Freling- 
 huysen, Rodman M. Price, W^illiam C. Alex- 
 ander and Thomas J. Stryker were appointed 
 a committee to confer with Congress and 
 similar delegates from other common- 
 wealths upon enforcing the plan outlined in 
 these resolutions. They took part in the 
 Peace Conference held at Washington, Feb- 
 ruary 4, 1861, at which twenty-one States 
 were represented and which submitted sev- 
 eral constitutional amendments to Congress, 
 but their well-meant efforts were of no -avail, 
 for Congress gave little heed to their recom- 
 mendations, and on the same day the Confed- 
 erate government was organized at Mont- 
 gomery, Alabama. 
 
 President Lincoln's proclamation calling 
 out seventy-five thousand troops for the three 
 months' service was issued April 15th, tw© 
 days after the fall of Fort Sumter. New 
 Jersey had no military establishment com- 
 petent to furnish at a moment's notice the 
 four regiments of seven hundred and eighty 
 men each, the quota assigned to her. 
 
THE WAR FOR THE UNION. 
 
 91 
 
 In the language of John Y. Foster, author 
 of "New Jersey and the Rebellion," her 
 militia system " was one of shreds and 
 patches, without organic unity, and almost 
 entirely worthless as a means of defence, or 
 even as a nucleus for a more perfect organi- 
 zation." But she had in Governor Charles 
 S. Olden an executive whose quickness of 
 thought and action went far to make up for 
 these deficiencies. He received the requisi- 
 tion from the national government on April 
 17th, and instantly issued a proclamation 
 diifficting all individuals or organizations 
 willing to volunteer to report themselves 
 within twenty days, various banks through- 
 out the State having already placed at his 
 disposal four hundred and fift3'-one thousand 
 dollars to provide for the equipment and 
 arming of the troops. At the same time 
 orders were issued to the four generals of 
 divisions to detail each one regiment of ten 
 companies, and at once proceed to the organi- 
 zation of the reserve militia. Under the 
 orders volunteers were to be accepted for 
 three months' service ; but if a sufficient num- 
 ber of these did not enlist, the deficiency was 
 to be made up by a draft from the militia. 
 Ardent loyalists, however, came forward in 
 such numbers that within a few days over one 
 hundred companies, equal to ten thousand 
 men, had offered to go to the front. The 
 Camden correspondent of the Philadelphia 
 FuUic Ledger states that on the evening 
 of April 13th the Stockton Cadets, a Cam- 
 den militia company, held a meeting at their 
 armory and passed resolutions expressing 
 their loyalty and declaring it to be the duty 
 of all connected with the militia to enroll 
 themselves for the defence of the Stars and 
 Stripes, whereupon all present, twenty-three 
 in number, enlisted. Arrangements were 
 made for having the armory open nightly for 
 the enlistment of recruits between the ages of 
 eighteen and twenty-one years, with a view 
 of tendering the services of the command to 
 the government. 
 
 The First War Meeting in Camden. 
 —On the 16th of April, 1861, three days 
 after the Confederates fired upon Fort Sum- 
 ter, at the entrance of Charleston Harbor, a 
 large number of loyal and patriotic citizens 
 of Camden City and County issued the fol- 
 lowing vigorous and spirited response to the 
 President's proclamation : 
 
 " To the President of the United States : 
 
 " The unparalleled events of the last week have 
 revealed to the citizens of the United States, be- 
 yond question or the possibility of a doubt, that 
 peaceful reconciliation upon the form of our Con- 
 stitution is repelled and scorned, and secession 
 means, in the hearts of its supporters, both Trea- 
 son and war against our Country and Nation. 
 
 " We, therefore, the undersigned Loyal Citizens 
 of the United States, and inhabitants of the city of 
 Camden, in the State of New Jersey, responding 
 to the proclamation of the President of the United 
 States, hereby declare our unalterable determina- 
 tion to sustain the government in its efforts to 
 maintain the honor, the integrity and the exist- 
 ence of our National Union and the perpetuity of 
 the popular Government, and to redress the 
 wrongs already long enough endured ; no differences 
 of political opinion ; no badge of diversity upon 
 points of party distinction, shall restrain or with- 
 hold us in the devotion of all we have or can com- 
 mand to the vindication of the Constitution, the 
 maintenance of the laws and the defence of the 
 Flag of our Country. 
 
 " I. S. Mulford. Samuel S. E. Coperthwait. 
 
 E. E. Johnson. James M. Scove.l. 
 
 Louis L. Scovel. S. C. Harbert. 
 
 B. M. Braker. John S. Bead. 
 Joseph C. Nichols. D. H. Erdman. 
 Elwood C. Fortiner. Adam Angel. 
 Joseph Vautier. George W. Vanhorn. 
 Edmund Brewer. Charles S. Garrett. 
 Uriah Norcross. Thomas M. Barracliff'. 
 Isaac L. Lowe. W. H. Saunders. 
 Henry B. Goodwin. Jacob Harman, Jr. 
 Eichard W. Test. Charles K. Horsfall. 
 James M. Oassady. Timothy Middleton. 
 John Duprey. William W. Sloan. 
 Jesse Pratt. Charles Cloud. 
 Hamilton Johnston. A. W. Test. 
 Charles P. Dickinson. C. A. S. Driesback. 
 Eichard H. Lee. Henry Schock. 
 
 C. G. Zimmerman. Walter Patton. 
 Thomas M. K. Lee, Jr. Azael Eoberts. 
 Charles J. Sanders. Thomas Jeffries. 
 
92 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 C. Gilbert Hannah. 
 John T. F. Peak. 
 Samuel C Cooper. 
 J. C. De Lajour. 
 Edward T. Andrews. 
 Conclin Mayhey. 
 William Reynolds. 
 Simon Rammel. 
 H. H. Goldsmith. 
 John Horsfall. 
 Thomas H. Dudley. 
 Robert Folwell. 
 Edw. H. Saunders. 
 James C. Morgan. 
 David H. Sheppard. 
 Richard Fetters. 
 Charles C. Reeves. 
 S. H. Grey. 
 N. B. Stokes. 
 S. C. Wright. 
 Joseph' Dlinston. 
 David Creary. 
 John R. Barber. 
 James H. Denny. 
 William R. Maxwell. 
 Robert Wible. 
 Hamilton William, 
 George W. Jackson. 
 Joseph Maurer. 
 Joseph D. Brown. 
 William S. Scull. 
 Daniel With am. 
 Isaac Shreeve. 
 Adam Hare. 
 George Wardell. 
 Joseph Coffman. 
 George W. Conrow. 
 
 Joshua Howell. 
 Martin Grey. 
 S. L. Wayne. 
 Abner Sparks. 
 Van T. Shivers. 
 Westcott Campbell. 
 William J. Taylor. 
 Isaiah Norcross. 
 Alden C. Scovel. 
 Philip J. Gray. 
 George W. Gilbert. 
 Charles D. Hineline. 
 Thomas H. Davis. 
 Charles De Haven. 
 Thomas Ackley. 
 John Gill. 
 James B. Dayton. 
 James M. Stevens. 
 Joseph French. 
 George Campbell. 
 A. A. Merry. 
 E. Wells. 
 William D. Clark. 
 William B. Hatch. 
 E. C. Jackson. 
 A. B. Martin. 
 Richard 0. Robertson. 
 Timothy C. Moore. 
 George W. Stanley. 
 Robert Schall. 
 Reynell Coates. 
 Aaron Hewit. 
 Henry Shuster. 
 William Hartsgrove. 
 William B. French. 
 W. A. Winchester. 
 John M. Natty." 
 
 In response to a call, on the 18th of 
 April an enthusiastic meeting was held in 
 the county court-house, which was formed 
 of a large collection of prominent citizens. 
 The court-room was decorated with flags 
 and mottoes. John W. Mickle was chosen 
 president and Samuel C. Harbert and 
 Thomas G. Eowand secretaries. • The presi- 
 dent addressed the meeting first and Rev. 
 Mr. Monroe offered a prayer. Hon. Thomas 
 P. Carpenter, Thomas B. Atkinson (mayor) 
 and Joseph Painter were appointed a com- 
 mittee on resolutions. Judge Philip J. Grey 
 addressed the meeting, after which the com- 
 mittee adopted a long series of patriotic res- 
 
 olutions. The Washington Grays, Stockton 
 Cadets and the Zouaves marched into the 
 room and were received with cheers, Samuel 
 Hufty read a resolution which was signed by 
 many persons, who immediately formed the 
 Home Brigade. David M. Chambers, Cap- 
 tain Stafford, Benjamin M. Braker, John H. 
 Jones and E. A. Acton each addressed the 
 meeting. James M. Scovel was then called 
 upon and responded in eloquent terms and 
 with patriotic energy. S. H. Grey offered a 
 resolution, which was adopted, that the City 
 Council and the Freeholders of the county be 
 requested to appropriate money for the equip- 
 ment of persons who may volunteer in de- 
 fense of the country, and S. H. Grey, James 
 M. Cassady and Joseph Painter were ap- 
 pointed a committee to look after the interests 
 of the resolution. The meeting continued in 
 session until eleven p.m. 
 
 On the 22d of April Samuel H. Grey 
 made an address before the Board of Free- 
 holders in a patriotic appeal, soliciting the 
 board to make appropriations for the relief 
 of families of volunteer soldiers. John S. 
 Read offered a resolution favoring the ap- 
 propriation of five thousand dollars, which 
 was unanimously adopted. On the evening 
 of the 25th the City Council voted four 
 hundred dollars for the same purpose. On 
 the same evening the First Methodist Epis- 
 copal Church of Camden collected one hun- 
 dred and fifty dollars and purchased five 
 hundred Bibles for the volunteer soldiers of 
 Camden County. 
 
 The State Bank of Camden loaned twenty- 
 five thousand dollars and the Farmers and 
 Mechanics Bank ten thousand dollars to the 
 Governor of New Jersey to aid in the prose- 
 cution of the war. In July, 1861, the 
 County Bible Society sent large installments 
 of Bibles to the Camden County soldiers at 
 Trenton. 
 
 On April 16th the Washington Grays, ot 
 Camden, held a meeting and resolved to open 
 the armory for recruits. By Saturday, April 
 
THE WAR FOR THE UNION. 
 
 93 
 
 20th, these two companies, the Camdeu 
 Zouaves and the Union Guards were reported 
 ready for service and the Camden Light Ar- 
 tillery organizing. On the 25th the same 
 correspondent wrote that the following com- 
 panies had taken their departure from Cam- 
 den for Trenton : 
 
 Washington Grays, Captain E. Price Hunt. 
 Camden Light Artillery, Captain I. W. Mickle. 
 Stockton Cadets, Captain E. G. Jackson. 
 Camden Zouaves, Captain John R. Cunningham. 
 
 And the following from Gloucester City : 
 
 Union Guards, Captain Joseph B. Strafford. 
 Anderson Guards, Captain John P. Van Leer. 
 
 It was the boast of the Gloucester people 
 that Union township, which had but four 
 hundred voters, sent at this time one hundred 
 and ninety-eight good men to do duty for the 
 cause. 
 
 Foster's history asserts that on April 18th, 
 Captain John E. Cunningham tendered the 
 Camden Zouaves, a well-drilled and uni- 
 formed company, to the Governor.^ This or- 
 ganization had been formed under the militia 
 law in the preceding year, when the tour of 
 the principal cities made by Ellsworth's 
 Chicago Zouaves inspired thousands of young 
 men to join companies patterned upon that 
 famous model. It was mustered into the 
 Fourth Eegiment, on April 25th, as Company 
 G, under command of Captain Cunningham, 
 First Lieutenant Louis M. Morris and En- 
 sign Joseph L. De La Cour. 
 
 The other five companies from Camden 
 County were placed in the same regiment. 
 Captain Hunt's company became Company 
 
 1 This was the first official tender of a company made 
 in the State. Foster says that the first regimental offer 
 was made on the same day, when Lieutenant-Colonel V. 
 R. Matthews, commanding the First Regiment, Hunter- 
 don Brigade, wrote to the Governor proffering their ser- 
 Tices. The first individual offer, according to Governor 
 Olden' s records, was that of General Joseph W. Revere, 
 of the Morris Brigade, who, in January, 1861, tendered 
 his services in any capacity in which they might be re- 
 quired. This offer was renewed and accepted on April 
 17th. 
 
 F ; Captain Van Leer's, Company H ; Cap- 
 tain Jackson's, Company C ; Captain Straf- 
 ford's, Company I) ; and Captain Mickle's, 
 Company E. The two first were mustered 
 on April 25th and the three last on April 
 27th. 
 
 Among the individual offers was that of 
 William B. Hatch, of Camden, who had 
 served in 1859 and 1860 in the cavalry of 
 the Russian army ; he was commissioned as 
 adjutant of the Fourth Regiment in the 
 ninety days' service, and subsequently made 
 major of the Fourth (three years') Regiment. 
 Mrs. Hettie K. Painter, of Camden, volun- 
 teered as a nurse, and became known to 
 thousands of sick and wounded men for her 
 gentle and efficient ministrations in the hos- 
 pitals of the Army of the Potomac. 
 
 On the last day of April the quota of the 
 State was complete, and it was mustered at 
 Trenton as a brigade of four regiments, 
 under command of General Theodore Run- 
 yon, the present chancellor of New Jersey. 
 The next day the Governor sent a special 
 messenger to General B. F. Butler, com- 
 manding at Annapolis, Md., requesting him 
 to prepare to receive the brigade, which was 
 to be sent through the canal route in conse- 
 quence of the destruction of the railroad 
 bridges near Baltimore by the Secessionists of 
 Maryland. The men were embarked at 
 Trenton on May 3d, on a fleet of fourteen 
 propellers, and proceeded down the Delaware 
 River and through the Delaware and Chesa- 
 peake Canal to Annapolis, which they 
 reached on the night of the 4th.^ General 
 
 ' They left Trenton without a round of ammunition. 
 Captain Charles P. Smith was sent to New York that 
 day to procure it, but was unsuccessful, until a Mr. 
 Blunt, a dealer on Broadway, agreed to let him have a 
 certain quantity of cartridges and percussion caps on 
 his personal security. He reached Jersey City with a 
 dray-load, notwithstanding the New York authorities 
 had prohibited any ammunition from being taken from 
 the city. There he had a controversy with the railroad 
 officials, who refused to take such freight on a passen- 
 ger train, but compromised by allowing it to be packed 
 in an iro^ crate, which was towed a long way astern of 
 
94 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Butler ordered its advance to Washington, 
 and on the 5th the First Regiment, with six 
 companies of the Second and nine companies 
 of the Third, started forward in two trains 
 of cars. The first of these trains reached 
 Washington about midnight, and the second 
 at eight o'clock the following morning. The 
 same evening the Fourth flegiment and the 
 remaining company of the Third arrived at 
 the capital. The four companies of the Sec- 
 ond left at Annapolis, were detailed to guard 
 the telegraph and railroad between Annapo- 
 lis Junction, and were left without tents and 
 almost without a commissariat for a month. 
 
 On May 6th the arrival of the brigade 
 was reported to General Scott, and no camps 
 being provided, the troops went into such 
 quarters as were available in Washington. 
 " On all sides," says Foster, " their arrival 
 was hailed with pleasure. Men felt that now 
 the capital was safe. These three thousand 
 Jerseymen, thoroughly armed and equipped, 
 as no regiments previously arrived, had been, 
 could be relied upon to repel all assaults. 
 New Jersey never stood higher in the estima- 
 tion of the loyal people of the country than 
 at that juncture, when she sent to the na- 
 tion's defense the first full brigade of troops 
 that reached the field." On May 7th the 
 command marched past the White House, 
 where it was reviewed by President Lincoln 
 and General Scott. On the 9th the Fourth 
 Regiment moved out to Camp Monmouth, on 
 Meridian Hill, where it was soon joined by 
 the other regiments, and on the 12th the 
 camp was visited by the President and Sec- 
 retaries Chase and Seward, Mr. Lincoln com- 
 plimenting the troops on their soldierly ap- 
 pearance. They remained at Camp Mon- 
 mouth, perfecting their drill and discipline, 
 
 the train. At 10.30 that night Captain Smith reached 
 Camden, where a tug was in waiting for him. The 
 flotilla with the brigade was intercepted as it was pass- 
 ing the city ; he transferred the crate to the various ves- 
 sels, and its contents were served out to the men as they 
 went on down the Delaware. 
 
 until the 23d, when the Second, Third and 
 Fourth Regiments (the First following the 
 next day) crossed the Potomac into Virginia, 
 and on the Washington and Alexandria road, 
 at a most important strategic point, con- 
 structed and mounted with heavy guns a 
 strong defensive work, which, in honor of 
 their brigadier, they named Fort Runyon. It 
 was the first regular fortification built by the 
 national troops. The brigade remained in 
 this vicinity until July 16th, when it was 
 moved forward a few miles, and placed in 
 the First Reserve Division, to which had also 
 been assigned the First, Second and Third 
 New Jersey (three years')Regiments, which had 
 reached the field a few days previous to the 
 movement. The First (three months') Regi- 
 ment was ordered to a point on the Orange 
 and Alexandria Railroad, three miles beyond 
 Springfield, to guard the track repairs. On 
 the same day four hundred and twenty-five 
 men of the Third Regiment were detailed to 
 escort a provision train, and a portion of the 
 Fourth was charged with guarding another 
 section of the railroad. One company of the 
 latter regiment was then guarding the Long 
 Bridge, and still another was on duty at Ar- 
 lington Mills, while the remainder was or- 
 dered to Alexandria with the Second (three 
 months') Regiment. Colonel Taylor, com- 
 manding the Third (three years') Regiment, 
 was at the same time instructed to march to 
 a point on the Orange and Alexandria Rail- 
 road, and during the night following, the 
 First and Second (three years') Regiments 
 were moved forward to Vienna. On the 
 17th orders were issued to all the regiments 
 in the command to provide themselves with 
 two days' cooked rations, and on the 1 8th, 
 General Runyon assumed command of all 
 the troops not on the march to the front. 
 
 These dispositions were in view of the bat- 
 tle of Bull Run, which was fought and lost 
 by the Union army on July 21st. The near- 
 est that any of the Jersey troops came to par- 
 ticipation in it, was that the First and Second 
 
THE WAE FOR THE UNION. 
 
 95 
 
 (three years') Regiments and the First (three 
 months') Eegiment were marched toward 
 Centreville during the day, and that the two 
 first-named reached the town in season to ar- 
 rest with fixed bayonets the rush of thou- 
 sands of panic-stricken fugitives toward 
 "Washington, and rally them into something 
 like order. They performed this duty most 
 faithfully and the value of their services was 
 fully recognized by General McDowell. 
 
 On July 24th the Third and Fourth Reg- 
 iments, their term of enlistment having ex- 
 pired, were ordered to report to General 
 Mansfield to be mustered out. The First 
 and Second received the same orders on the 
 following day ; and after being formally dis- 
 charged the brigade returned home to New 
 Jersey, where it was accorded an enthusiastic 
 reception. A majority of the men re-enlisted 
 in the long-term regiments and were back in 
 the field before they had time to forget a 
 movement of the manual of arms. 
 
 It has been estimated that in the early 
 months of the war fully five thousand citizens 
 of New Jersey enlisted in New York, Phila- 
 delphia and elsewhere in the regiments of 
 other States. They were bent upon entering 
 the army, and as the three months' quota of 
 New Jersey was already filled, they sought 
 service outside. Whole companies were thus 
 transferred to neighboring States and their 
 identity as Jersey commands thus lost. They 
 cannot now be traced, but it maybe mentioned 
 that the renowned Excelsior Brigade of New 
 York embraced many Jersey soldiers in its 
 ranks. An unknown number of Camden 
 County men crossed the river, and in Phila- 
 delphia enrolled themselves in commands of 
 the Keystone State. 
 
 The following is the official roster of the 
 six companies of the Fourth Regiment of 
 three months' troops raised in Camden 
 County : 
 
 COMPANY C. 
 
 Captain. 
 Edmund G. Jackson. 
 
 First Lieutenant. 
 William E. Maxwell. 
 
 Ensign. 
 
 William H. Hemsing. 
 
 First Sergeant. 
 
 Benjamin Connelly. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 
 Rudolph Tenner. John W. Moore. 
 
 David D. Helm. 
 
 Corporals. 
 William Rogers. Samuel Eatcliff. 
 
 George W. Jackson. William D. Miller. 
 
 
 Fifer. 
 
 George Jauss. 
 
 Drummer. 
 
 Charles Hoy. 
 
 Privates. 
 
 James Albright. 
 
 Edward A. Johnston. 
 
 Robert H. Ames. 
 
 John Lezenby. 
 
 Joseph Bazarth. 
 
 William Loel. 
 
 Anthony Bernard. 
 
 Alfred Martin. 
 
 James G. Boileau. 
 
 Frank McCammon. 
 
 Cornelius Brown. 
 
 William Morris. 
 
 John Brown. 
 
 Francis Mount. 
 
 Charles B. Capewell. 
 
 Davis H. Nichols. 
 
 Thomas Carr. 
 
 George S. Patterson. 
 
 William H. Carson. 
 
 John P. Price. 
 
 Jesse C. Chew. 
 
 Richard J. Robertson. 
 
 William H. H. Clark. 
 
 Charles H. Rogers. 
 
 John Clevenger. 
 
 William H. Schwaab. 
 
 William P. Copeland. 
 
 August Scior. 
 
 Collin Coutts. 
 
 Richard Smith. 
 
 Dilwyn Cowperthwaite 
 
 . Charles Spooner. 
 
 John 0. Crowell. 
 
 Savillion A. Steinmetz. 
 
 Charles Davis. 
 
 Andrew H. Stilwell. 
 
 Elijah T. Davis. 
 
 Stacy Stockton. 
 
 Clayton Edwards. 
 
 John Sweesley. 
 
 William A. Fish. 
 
 Edward Thornton. 
 
 Henry Frost. 
 
 James H. Townsend. 
 
 Jacob Gerhart. 
 
 Theodore Vansciver. 
 
 Charles G. P. Goforth. 
 
 Andrew J. Wallace. 
 
 John R. Grubb. 
 
 Joshua Wallena. 
 
 Josiah Harley. 
 
 John W. Wetherby. 
 
 William H. Helams. 
 
 Joseph M. White. 
 
 Thomas Henderson. 
 
 Thomas White. 
 
 Walter Hill. 
 
 Thomas Whittaker. 
 
 William S. Hineline. 
 
 Charles Wilson. 
 
 Alfred Horner. 
 
 Isaac F. Wright. 
 
 WillardHowe. 
 
 George W. Wood. 
 
 COMPANY D. 
 
 Captain. 
 
 Joseph 
 
 B. Strafford. 
 
96 
 
 HISTOKY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEESEY. 
 
 First Lieutenant. 
 
 John Cavanaugh. 
 
 Ensign. 
 
 Ferdinand Mc Williams. 
 
 First Sergeant. 
 
 Patrick Reiley. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 
 Arnold S. Shailer. Edward Corcoran. 
 
 James Conley. Peter Rancom. 
 
 Corporals. 
 Michael Dunn. Peter Megary. 
 
 Joseph S, Strafford. Franklin Lightcap. 
 
 Drummer. 
 John O'Brien. 
 
 Privates. 
 
 William H. Ackerson. 
 William Bisbing. 
 Suffaray J. Blanc. 
 Nicholas Brady. 
 Theodore Brick. 
 Alexander Bryson. 
 John Burns. 
 James Byers. 
 Patrick Byers. 
 Michael E. Callahan. 
 William A. Coles. 
 William J. Coles. 
 Henry Conlen. 
 Henry Conerty. 
 Michael Corcoran. 
 George W. Crammer. 
 Thomas Dugan. 
 Thomas Eagen. 
 Patrick Early. 
 James Finnegan. 
 James Plynn. 
 Charles Gannon. 
 John Gannon. 
 Hugh H. Gorman. 
 Thomas Goodman. 
 James Jobes. 
 William Kaine. 
 Thomas Keegan. 
 Daniel Kinney. 
 Stephen A. Lane. 
 George Leeming. 
 John Lynch. 
 \Villiam Lynch. 
 
 George H. Manson. 
 Peter McAdams. 
 James McCaffrey. 
 James McCann. 
 James McCormick. 
 James McGrovy. 
 Michael McGrovy. 
 Alexander McHenry. 
 James McManus. 
 Owen Mullen. 
 Edward Noble. 
 William Norton. 
 John O'Neil. 
 James O'Eeiley. 
 Francis C. Orens. 
 John Pepper. 
 Aaron Peterson. 
 Robert Quigley. 
 Robert Redfleld. 
 James Rowbottom. 
 Aaron Stone. 
 Ambrose Strong. 
 Arthur Toole. 
 Peter Toole. 
 Peter Warburton. 
 Josiah L. Ward. 
 Patrick Waters. 
 James White. 
 John J. White. 
 Peter White. 
 George Whitehead. 
 William H. Wyant. 
 Samuel- Wynn. 
 
 Ensign. 
 
 Timothy C. Moore. 
 
 First Sergeant. 
 
 John M. Collins. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 
 Benjamin D. Cooley. Henry Carels. 
 
 Samuel B. Jobes. 
 
 Corporals. 
 John E. Droham. John Sing. 
 
 Robert M. Wible. Edward J. Cassady. 
 
 Fifer. 
 Emanuel Joseff. 
 
 Drummer. 
 Philip Joseff. 
 
 Pri 
 George B. Anderson. 
 George W. Armstrong. 
 Hugh Beaty. 
 James Beaty. 
 Thomas H. Bishop. 
 Charles P. Bowyer. 
 Joseph D. Brown. 
 Joseph T. Burdsall. 
 Henry Carse. 
 Richard Church. 
 John Cole. 
 
 Patrick Cunningham. 
 Lewis W. Drummond. 
 Lemuel Edwards. 
 William Fennimore. 
 Joseph W. Fernandez. 
 Charles Fish. 
 Charles Fisher. 
 Howard Fisler. 
 Charles Fox. 
 John W. Garwood. 
 Christian A. Gross. 
 Charles Hahn. 
 William B. Haines. 
 David D. Hamell. 
 John W. Hart. 
 William Helmuth. 
 John Hill. 
 Count De G. Hogan. 
 George W. Jobes. 
 John L. .Johnson. 
 Alexander Johnson. 
 
 vates. 
 
 Joseph E. Jones, 
 Robert Kell. 
 Jacob F. Kihule. 
 James McComb. 
 Abraham Morely. 
 John H. Morris. 
 James Morrissey. 
 Joseph D. Parker. 
 Samuel Peers. 
 Thomas Pickering. 
 Benjamin A. Pine. 
 Isaac J. Pine. 
 John Pinkerton. 
 John A. Quigley. 
 John R. Rich. 
 Oliver H. Ritchson. 
 Albion V. Salisbury. 
 Benjamin Sands. 
 Jeremiah, Saunders. 
 Charles C. Sharp. 
 Joseph D. Smith. 
 Edward H. Stackhouse. 
 Joseph Strock. 
 William H. Thompson. 
 John Thornton. 
 Mordecai Tyler. 
 William B. Warford. 
 Joseph M. Webb. 
 Levi A. Westcott. 
 Benjamin Wilson, 
 Brazier Wiltsey. 
 William Wiltsey. 
 
 COMPANY E. 
 
 Captain. 
 
 Isaac M'. Mickle. 
 
 First Lieutenant. 
 
 Philip M. Armington. 
 
 COMPANY P. ; 
 
 Captain. 
 Edward Price Hunt. 
 
 First Lieutenant. 
 , Richar4 H, Lee,] 
 
THE WAR FOR THE UNION. 
 
 97 
 
 Ensign. 
 
 Theodore A. Zimmerman. 
 
 First Sergeant. 
 
 Theodore W. Field. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 
 Charles J. Field. Chas. G. Zimmerman. 
 
 Joseph C. Lee. 
 
 Corporals. 
 
 Chas. F. Miller, Jr. Charles F. Dickenson. 
 
 Chas. J. T. Saunders. Geo. A. S. Drisback. 
 
 Fifer. 
 
 Michael Hartzell. 
 
 Drummer. 
 Joseph Rodgers. 
 Privates. 
 James V. Anderson. Joseph Immon. 
 Joseph G. Betts. William T. Jacoby. 
 
 William Bosworth. William L. Kaighn. 
 
 John P. Bronford. Joseph Kelly. 
 
 Henry Bruist. George W. King. 
 
 William N. Buzby. Thomas M. K. Lee, Jr. 
 
 Edmond Carels. William C. Lee. 
 
 Thomas E. D. Carter. Stevenson Leslie. 
 John M. Chillman. Jacob S. Le van. 
 
 Bartholomew Clarke. Edward Livermore. 
 Isaac Clark. Thomas A. Locke. 
 
 R. Graham Clark. John E. Loeb. 
 
 Jacob W. Clements. William T. Long. 
 John Clements. Edward Mackey. 
 
 Charles Clendenning. James McClernon. 
 Oliver K. Collins. Timothy L. Middleton. 
 
 Robert T. Cox. William Morton. 
 
 Burton Davis. John Naphy. 
 
 Ethelbert Davis. John T. Ogden. 
 
 John P. Ducas. Benjamin W. Perkins. 
 
 Samuel H. Elders. Samuel M. Price. 
 
 Joseph H. Ewiug. Henry Rauser. 
 
 William H. Eyles. George M. Rodgers. 
 
 Joseph B. Garwood. Albert Smith. 
 Josiah B. Giberson. Henry Smith. 
 
 Charles Gilbert. John T. Smith. 
 
 Harvey B. Goodwin. Charles C. Stezer. 
 Joseph E. Gregory. Austin E. Vanarsdale. 
 
 Richard C. Haines. John Wescoat. 
 
 John M. Henderson. Henry Williams. 
 Leander Houghtaling. Samuel Williams. 
 Charles E. Hugg. Thomas P. Williams. 
 
 Joseph 8. Hugg. 
 
 COMPANY G. 
 
 Captain. 
 
 John R. Cunningham. 
 
 First Lieutenant. 
 
 Lewis M. Morris. 
 
 13 
 
 Ermgn. 
 
 Joseph L. De La Cour. 
 
 First Sergeant. 
 
 William W. Mines. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 
 John K. Brown. George Holl. 
 
 Henry Daniels, Jr. 
 
 Corporals. 
 Henry F. Surault. William Pell, Jr. 
 
 James M. Lane. Isaac Wood. 
 
 Fifer. 
 William Howard. 
 
 Drummer. 
 William Brassell. 
 Privates. 
 A. George M. Ashley. Charles H. Jewell. 
 George Baxter. Edward Johnson. 
 
 John Beideman. William H. Kaighn. 
 
 George Bloomfield, Benjamin F. King. 
 
 Albert M. Buck. Barton Lane. 
 
 Charles P. Bundick. John G. Lewallen. 
 James Burkett. Charles Lownsbury. 
 
 Lewis Buzine. James Massey. 
 
 George Oairoli. John McKinley. 
 
 Benjamin Cavanaugh. Edward H. Mead. 
 William Cox. Edwin Mitchell. 
 
 Alpheus Davis. Howard Moore. 
 
 David Davis. Lorenzo F. Park. 
 
 Samuel H. Davis. John Quick. 
 
 Edward F. Duffy. John T. Redfern. 
 
 Frank B. Fox. James B. Scott. 
 
 Alexander T. Francisco. Edward Sewell. 
 Charles B. Eraser. William Shurdon. 
 
 Henry Gallagher. Lewis Smith. 
 
 Samuel W. Gahan. George W. Souder. 
 
 Samuel Gilbert. John Sourren. 
 
 Charles E. Githens. James Staneley. 
 
 William Gleason. Francis A. Street. 
 
 William H. Griffin. William F. Tarr. 
 
 James Hartley. James Thompson. 
 
 Charles Helmuth. Edward Van Stavoren. 
 
 Samuel Hickman. Isaac Waar. 
 
 John Hildebrandt. George L. White. 
 
 Isaac N. Hoey. John Wilson. 
 
 Joseph Hofilinger. Richard Wilson. 
 
 Abednego Howeth. ' Theodore F. Wilson. 
 William Inman. Richard T. Wood. 
 
 COMPANY H. 
 
 Captain. 
 John P. Van Leer. 
 
 First LAexhtenant. 
 George E, Wilson. 
 
98 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Ensign. 
 
 John Willian. 
 
 First Sergeant. 
 
 James A. Duddy. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 
 Joseph R. Giddings. Joseph B. Daviti. 
 
 Joseph P. Busha. 
 
 Corporals. 
 
 Joseph Morton. Aden W, Powell. 
 
 Daniel W. Giddings. Thomas B. Jordan. 
 
 Fifer. 
 
 Robert Berryman. 
 
 Drummer. 
 
 John P. Booth. 
 
 Henry Astley. 
 Eli Bailey. 
 .Jesse F. Bailey. 
 Thomas Bates, .Jr. 
 John Berryman. 
 Henry Black. 
 James P. Britton. 
 John Brown. 
 William Burroughs. 
 Thomas Calvert. 
 .Joseph Cheeseman. 
 James M. Cramer. 
 Eli Crammer. 
 William Bennington 
 John Dill. 
 .John Dimon. 
 Edward Ellis. 
 Joseph S. Garretson. 
 .Joseph Garwood. 
 .John Groves. 
 William Groves. 
 Andrew Harker. 
 Henry Harley. 
 Alexander Harvey. 
 John Herron. 
 Benjamin W.Hill. 
 George H. Holmes. 
 Michael Hoover. 
 Edgar Hudson. 
 Charles Hulings. 
 Charles Jess. 
 John C. ICing. 
 
 Privates. 
 
 Charles E. Lancaster. 
 William Lanagan. 
 Matthew Larney. 
 John Loynd. 
 Abram Martin. 
 John E. Maxwell. 
 Louis Matkensy. 
 William M. Metz. 
 William Moss. 
 Joha O'Mara. 
 Samuel Ogden. 
 John Osborn. 
 Franklin Pike. 
 Nathan Rambo. 
 Henry Rementer. 
 Edgar Roby. 
 William Robust. 
 Thomas D. Ross. 
 John Smith. 
 William D. Smith. 
 Robert Spink. 
 Thomas B. Thompson. 
 James G. Tomlinson. 
 James Totten. 
 Augustus Van Fossen. 
 Joel Whitehead. 
 William Williamson. 
 Joseph Wollard. 
 Frederick Young. 
 Peter V. Brown. 
 Steward M. Hawkins. 
 William J. Stone. 
 
 First Brigaoe Three Years' Troops. 
 — President Lincoln and his advisers did 
 not long entertain the notion, so prevalent 
 up to, and even after the firing upon Sumter, 
 that the war would be ended and the Southern 
 
 Confederacy subdued before the summer was 
 well advanced. April had not indeed run 
 out its course before the President was made, 
 by the logic of events, to comprehend that a 
 long and desperate civil conflict must be 
 prepared for and that it would require a tre- 
 mendous draft upon the men and. money of 
 the nation to save it from total wreck. The 
 day for temporizing and half-way military 
 measures had flown by, and on May 3, 1861, 
 the President called for thirty -nine regiments 
 of infantry and one of cavalry to serve for 
 three years or during the war. Although the 
 number of men thus summoned was so small 
 in comparison with the hosts of later years, 
 the length of the term of enlistment is evi- 
 dence that the government at last appreciated 
 the magnitude of its task. Governor Olden 
 did not receive the requisition upon New 
 Jersey, vvhich was for three regiments of 
 infantry, until the 17th. More than enough 
 companies were organized and awaiting the 
 mustering officer, and the Governor, in an- 
 nouncing this fact to the War Department, 
 added that " If the occasion required their 
 services, this State would willingly furnish 
 twice as many regiments to serve during the 
 war." 
 
 From these companies were formed the 
 First, Second and Third Regiments of the 
 three years' service. They were furnished 
 with camp and garrison equipage by the 
 State, but were armed by the United States. 
 Company E, Captain Charles N. Pelouze, of 
 the First Regiment, Colonel William R. 
 Montgomery, and Company B, Captain 
 Henry C. Gibson, of the Third, Colonel 
 George W. McLean, were Camden County 
 volunteers. The three regiments left Trenton 
 on June 28th, and reported to General Scott 
 at Washington on the following day. Their 
 movements up to and on the day of the bat- 
 tle of Bull Run have been recorded in the 
 history of the three months' men. After 
 that engagement the First and Second went 
 into camp near Alexandria, and thither the 
 
THE WAR FOR THE UNION. 
 
 99 
 
 Third was ordered from Tairfax, where it 
 had been posted during the battle. 
 
 On July 24th Governor Olden was notified 
 that the government would accept five addi- 
 tional regiments, " to be taken, as far as con- 
 venient, from the three months' men and 
 officers just discharged ; and to be organized, 
 equipped and sent forward as fast as single 
 regiments are ready, on the same terms as 
 were those already in service." The Fourth 
 Regiment, Colonel James H. Simpson, with 
 which William R. Hatch, of Caraden, went 
 out as major and was promoted to colonel, 
 was mustered on August 20th, and, with 
 Captain William Hexamei''s battery, was 
 forwarded to the fronton the 21st. It com- 
 prised in part four full companies raised in 
 Camden County as follows : A, Captain 
 Charles Meves ; F, Captain Napoleon B. 
 Aaronson; G, Captain Henry M. Jewett; 
 and H, Captain John Reynolds. The regi- 
 ment camped with the First, Second and 
 Third near Alexandria, and the four were 
 early in August combined as the First New 
 Jersey Brigade and placed under the com- 
 mand of that illustrious and dauntless soldier, 
 General Philip Kearny, who had already 
 distinguished himself as a fighter in Mexico, 
 Algeria and Italy, and against the Indians 
 on the frontier, and whose death at the battle 
 of Chantilly, August 30, 1862, was to deprive 
 the army of a commander in whom military 
 skill and personal courage combined to form 
 the ideal brigadier. In recalling the grand 
 reputation which this brigade achieved under 
 Kearny and other chiefs, it is a most proper 
 cause for local pride that Caraden County 
 contributed to its ranks six full companies 
 that shared in its perils, its victories and its 
 honors. They were among the men who 
 had so endeared themselves to his lion heart, 
 that when he was offered the command of 
 Sumner's division he refused to accept it 
 because be would not be permitted to take 
 his Jersey regiments with him. 
 
 The Third Regiment received its baptism 
 
 of fire in an ambuscade in which it fell at 
 Cloud's Mills on August 29th, and on Sep- 
 tember 29th, Kearny had the whole brigade 
 out for a reconnoissance of the enemy's lines at 
 Mason's Hill. On October 14th a detach- 
 ment of the First emptied several saddles of 
 a Confederate cavalry force which it encoun- 
 tered, and lost three or four killed. After 
 spending the winter inactively the brigade, 
 which was attached to General William B. 
 Franklin's division, was, on March 7, 1862, 
 pushed towards Manassas, the First Regi- 
 ment, whicjh had been the last to leave Cen- 
 treville on the retreat of July 21, 1861, 
 having the honor of being the first to occupy 
 the place on the second advance. 
 
 On the 10th the brigade colors were 
 unfurled over the abandoned Confederate 
 works at Manassas, eight companies of the 
 Third leading the advance. On McClellan's 
 preparations to transfer the army to the 
 Virginia Peninsula the Jersey regiments, 
 which had been placed in the First Division 
 of the First Army Corps, moved to Catlett's 
 Station, where they remained from April 7th 
 to the 11th, when they retraced their steps 
 to Alexandria and embarked for York Point, 
 York River, on the 17th. May 5th they 
 advanced to West Point under command of 
 Colonel Taylor, Kearny having been pro- 
 moted to the command of the division, and 
 on the night of that day the First Regiment 
 captured at a charge and held a position 
 which two New York regiments had proved 
 unable to maintain. Its gallantry was testi- 
 fied to by a correspondent of the New York 
 Times, who wrote that " The line was as firm 
 as a division in a column at review. Colonel 
 McAllister, when the enemy broke, bravely 
 pursued them some distance. This firm and 
 determined movement decided the result, 
 and the rebels made good their retreat." 
 
 These minor plays on the great chess-board 
 of the campaign had fitted Taylor and his 
 men for the first of the important battles in 
 -yvhich they were destined to enter. On June 
 
100 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 27th they left camp on the south side of the 
 Chiekahominy River, and crossing that dark 
 and sluggish stream at Woodbury's bridge, 
 plunged into the thick of the fight at Gaines' 
 Mills, where Fitz-John Porter's and Mc- 
 Call's lines were giving way under the 
 impact of the enemy's pressure. Swinging 
 full into the face of the Confederate musketry 
 and artillery fire, the brigade fought the 
 rebels at a distance of four hundred yards 
 and was badly hurt, until Taylor ordered a 
 charge that drove them out of the woods into 
 an open field, where he met their reserves 
 and was compelled to fall back. The Fourth 
 Regiment, four companies of which were 
 Camden men, was sent into the woods by 
 order of one of McClellan's aids, and there 
 sustained the brunt of a fight at close quarters. 
 Five hundred of its number were taken 
 prisoners. Colonel Simpson was one of the 
 unfortunates, and in letters dated from prison 
 in Richmond he thus described the action 
 and sequel, — 
 
 "The regiment was posted in the wood to sustain 
 the centre in the battle near Gaines' Mill, and 
 nobly did it hold its ground until about an hour 
 after the right and left wings of the army had 
 fallen back. Mine and the Eleventh Connecticut 
 were the last to leave the front, and only did so 
 when we found that the rest of the army had 
 given way and we were literally surrounded by 
 the infantry and batteries of the Confederate 
 forces. Being in the woods, and trusting to our su- 
 perior officers to inform us when to retreat, and 
 not being able to see, on account of the woods, 
 what was going on towards our right and left, 
 we continued fighting an hour, probably, after 
 every other regiment had left the ground. The 
 consequence was inevitable. We were surrounded 
 by ten times our number, and though we could 
 have fought until every man of us was slain, yet 
 humanity, and, as I think, wisdom, dictated that 
 we should at last yield." 
 
 In a subsequent letter to his wife. Colonel 
 Simpson stated that fifty-three enlisted men 
 were killed and one hundred and twenty-one 
 wounded, out of the six hundred whom he 
 took into action. Captain Mevea, of Com- 
 pany A, was killed, and Lieutenant Charles 
 
 Meyer, of the same company, wounded. The 
 brigade had gone into the fight with twenty- 
 eight hundred in its ranks, and but nine 
 hundred and sixty-five answered to their 
 names when the roll was called in camp at 
 midnight. The First Regiment lost twenty- 
 one killed, including Major David Hatfield; 
 seventy-eight wounded and sixty missing- 
 The Third had thirty-four killed, one hun- 
 dred and thirty-six wounded and thirty-five 
 missing. Lieutenant-Colonel McAllister, in 
 his report of the participation of the former 
 command in the battle, spoke of Captain 
 Pelouze, of the Camden company, as one of 
 whom " too much cannot be said in praise." 
 
 During the night after the battle the shat- 
 tered brigade recrossed to the right bank of 
 the Chiekahominy, and at midnight of the 
 28th took up the line of retreat by way of 
 Savage Station and White Oak Swamp to 
 James River. A sharp fight occurred at 
 White Oak Creek, where the Jerseymen oc- 
 cupied a position of peril between the oppos- 
 ing lines, and were lucky to escape damage 
 by hugging the ground as the shells flew over 
 them. They passed Malvern Hill on July 1st 
 without being called into the battle then rag- 
 ing, and reached Harrison's Landing, on the 
 James River, on the morning of the 2d. 
 
 On August 24th the brigade landed at Al- 
 exandria, McClellan having abandoned the 
 Peninsula and transferred his army by water 
 to the Potomac. Three days afterward it was 
 pushed forward to Bull Run Bridge and the 
 old battle-field. The First Regiment had 
 three hundred men fit for duty ; the Second, 
 two hundred and fifty; the Third, three hun- 
 dred and seventy-five ; and the Fourth, sev- 
 enty-five. On this day, the 27th, the open- 
 ing of Pope's battle of Bull Run, it fought 
 for several hours a much superior force of 
 Stonewall Jackson's corps, losing nine killed 
 and three hundred and ten wounded, missing 
 and prisoners. Colonel Taylor was severely 
 wounded, and died on September 1st. Com- 
 pelled to relinquish the field, the brigade re- 
 
THE WAR FOR THE UNION. 
 
 101 
 
 tired to Cloud's Mills, but in a week was on 
 the march again with McClellan's pursuit of 
 Lee into Maryland, Colonel A. T. A. Torbert 
 having succeeded Taylor in command. On 
 September 14th it won the battle of Cramp- 
 ton's Gap by a splendid charge up the side 
 of a steep acclivity, capturing enough Spring- 
 field rifles to arm the Fourth Regiment, 
 which had been equipped with smooth bores. 
 This regiment, which had lost its colors at 
 Gaines' Mill, captured two stands of rebel 
 colors at Crampton's Gap. At the battle of 
 Antietam, on the 11th, it relieved Sumner's 
 corps at midnight and was not actually en- 
 gaged, although it was for six hours exposed 
 to a hot artillery fire. At Fredericksburg, 
 December 13th and 14th, it saw hard fight- 
 ing on the left of the line, and Colonel Wil- 
 liam B. Hatch was fatally wounded in lea:d- 
 ing the Fourth Regiment to an assault. Pre- 
 vious to this the Fifteenth and Twenty- 
 fourth Regiments had been added to the 
 brigade and it had been placed in the Sixth 
 Corps. At Chancellorsville, on May 3, 1863, 
 it was for two hours and a half engaged with 
 Longstreet's veterans near Salem Church, 
 and the casualties footed up five hundred and 
 eleven men killed, wounded and missing. 
 
 In the battle of Gettysburg it embraced 
 the First, Second, Third and Fifteenth Regi- 
 ments and Hexamer's battery, the Fourth 
 Regiment being on provost duty at Wash- 
 ington. It was on the picket line during the 
 decisive fighting of July 3d, and on the 5th 
 joined in the pursuit of Lee. 
 
 While Grant was marshaling the army 
 for the grand advance, the Tenth New Jersey 
 Regiment was assigned to the brigade. Com- 
 pany A, Captain Isaac W. Mickle ; Company 
 E, Captain George W. Scott ; Company H, 
 Captain John R. Cunningham, and Company 
 I, Captain John Coates, were recruited in 
 Camden. The brigade had three days of 
 fighting in the Wilderness during the first 
 week of May, 1864, and on the 10th took 
 part in the celebrated charge on the Confed- 
 
 erate works near Spottsylvania, in which a 
 thousand prisoners and several guns were 
 captured. On the 12th it was in the furious 
 assault of that day and the subsequent struggle 
 over the rebel entrenchments, " the intense 
 fury, heroism and horror of which," Edward 
 A. Pollard wrote, " it is impossible to de- 
 scribe.'' This was the awful and stubborn 
 contest in " the bloody angle," and no com- 
 mand suffered a heavier loss than did the 
 five Jersey regiments. They were driven 
 from and retook the Gait House on the 14th, 
 and until the 18th were participants in 
 skirmishes along the North Anna and Tolo- 
 potomy Rivers. At Cold Harbor, June 1st 
 to 3d, they were constantly under fire. The 
 terms of service of the First and Third 
 Regiments had expired on May 23d, but 
 they remained at the front to take part in the 
 battle of Cold Harbor. They reached Tren- 
 ton on June 7th, and were mustered out on 
 June 23d. Of the two thousand and sixty- 
 eight officers and enlisted men who had left 
 the State capital on June 28, 1861, only three 
 hundred and forty returned for muster out, 
 of whom one hundred and thirty-nine be- 
 longed to the First and two hundred and one 
 to the Third Regiment. The Fourth, with 
 the exception of the men who had re-enlisted, 
 returned from the front August 19, 1864, 
 and was mustered out on the next day ; it 
 came back with four hundred and twenty- 
 four privates and officers, while it had taken 
 one thousand and thirty-four to the field three 
 years before. The re-enlisted men of the 
 First and Third, which ceased to exist as or- 
 ganizations, were at first transferred to the 
 Fourth and Fifteenth, but were subsequently 
 consolidated into the First, Second and 
 Third Battalions, and, with the Fourth, 
 Tenth and Fifteenth Regiments from that 
 time until February, 1865, constituted the 
 First Brigade. The Fourth thus kept up its 
 organization through its re-enlisted men, and 
 thus has an unbroken history until the termi- 
 nation of the war. 
 
102 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 In July, 1864, the brigade was sent with 
 the Sixth Corps to check Early in the Shen- 
 andoah Valley, and on August 17th delayed 
 his advance for six hours at Winchester. On 
 September 1 9th it was in the direct assault 
 upon the rebel front at Opequan, and was 
 gallantly instrumental in sending the enemy 
 " whirling up the valley." On the 22d, at 
 Fisher's Hill, it repeated its achievement, 
 and at the battle of Cedar Creek, on October 
 19th, it formed on the left of the line and 
 fought steadily to maintain its ground, but 
 was finally overwhelmed and forced to retire. 
 When Sheridan, however, arrived upon the 
 scene and turned defeat into victory it re- 
 formed and did its duty in the charge that 
 repulsed Early and ended the war in the 
 valley. On December 1st it rejoined the Army 
 of the Potomac ; April 2, 1865, it helped 
 to take the Confederate entrenchments on the 
 Boydton Plank- Road, in front of Petersburg, 
 and it was close to Appomattox when Lee's 
 surrender was made. Thence it was ordered 
 to Danville, Va., and not until May 24th 
 did it march through Richmond on its way 
 northward. On June 2d it encamped five 
 miles from Washington, where the regiments 
 were mustered out. At Trenton they were 
 dissolved, and this scarred and storied com- 
 mand ceased to exist. - 
 
 The following is the roster of the original 
 companies raised in Camden County that 
 were assigned to the brigade : 
 
 COMPANY E, FIEST BEGIMENT NEW JERSEY VOL- 
 UNTEERS. 
 
 [This compaoy was mustered in May 23, 1861, and mustered out 
 with regiment, unless otherwise stated.] 
 
 Captains. 
 
 Charles N. Pelouze, res. Nov. 8, '62. 
 
 Francis B. Holt, Nov. 6, '61, res. Nov. 27, '62. 
 
 Mrst Lieutenants. 
 
 Jamea B. Shields. 
 
 A. Stewart Taylor, Nov. 6, '61, res. Nov. 27, '62. 
 
 H. M. Gillman, Nov. 27, '62, viae Taylor, res. 
 
 Second Lieutenants. 
 
 N. W.Smith, Dec. 10, '62, pro. 1st lieut. Co. A, Feb. 
 
 18,'68. 
 
 Joseph Ferguson, Feb. 13, '63, par. pris. 
 
 Firat Sergeants. 
 E. K. fiamsey, pro. 2d lieut. Co. C, Feb. 13, '63. 
 W. E. Vanderslice, Mar. 1, '63, dis. June 29, '65. 
 Edward A. Herman, dis. Oct. 21, '62. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 Peter A. Grum, Dec. 8, '62. 
 Samuel W. Lesenby. 
 William H. Good. 
 
 William H. Gilbert, dis. Sept. 12, '62. 
 Benjamin H. Roby, dis. May 15, '65. 
 
 Corporals. 
 August Mulhan, dis. June 29, '66. 
 John W. Fisher. 
 Oscar Greslius, May 21, '61. 
 Conrad Mace, dis. June 23, '65. 
 John C. Zanders, died July 6, '62, of wounds. 
 Jacob Ristine, killed June 27, '62. 
 Wm. McCombe, killed Aug. 17, '64. 
 Frederick C. Schwarze, killed June 27, '62, 
 Henry Bechtel, killed May' 3, '63. 
 Henry K. Patton, died June 5, '64, of wounds. 
 Daniel Logan, killed April 2, '65. 
 Edward Stehr, dis. Nov. 6, '62. 
 Augustus B. Conrad, musician, dis. June 29, '65. 
 John W. Wilson, musician. 
 James H. Pimlotte, wagoner. 
 
 Privates. 
 George Adams, killed May 5, '64. 
 Charles Alfred. 
 David Anderson. 
 William R. Anderson. 
 Charles T. Anthony. 
 Joseph Ailt, dis. Oct. 7, '62. ' 
 
 Stewart H. Allshouse, dis. to join regular army. 
 John Brown, killed Sept. 14, '62. 
 Fk. M. Brown, Sept. 4, '62, must, out June 22, 65. 
 Jacob Brunsholly, dis. Jan. 27, '63. 
 John Bruden, dis. Feb. 6, '63. 
 Benjamin Budd, killed June 27, '62. 
 James H. Carney. 
 
 Fred. Cappell, must, out Oct. 17, '65. 
 Joseph Cortledge, Nov. 26, '63 ; dis. July 22, '65, 
 Samuel Cline, dis. Nov. 4, '62. 
 Albert Clingman, killed June 27, '62. 
 Joseph Coners, Sept. 15, '62. 
 William Cook, killed August 27, '62. 
 Thomas Dalton, dis. Nov. 1, '62. 
 Christopher Dice, dis. June 23, '64. 
 Joseph E. Dilks, killed Sep. 14, '62. 
 Jacob Dillshaver, Sep. 19, '62, dis. Jan. 10, '63. 
 Daniel Driggits, killed May 6, '64. 
 Joseph H. Dutton, dis. Dec. 9, '63. 
 John Fitzgerald, dis. Oct. 3, '62. 
 Joseph W. Foster. 
 
THE WAR FOR THE UNION. 
 
 103 
 
 James Gilespy, killed June 27, '62. 
 
 Wm. Gratz, dis. Oct. 12, '61. 
 
 Joseph Grosklnsky, died of wounds. 
 
 Wm. L. Hartman. 
 
 Chas. Hexamer, Sept. 30, '61,- must, out Oct. 4,'64. 
 
 John Hill, May 23, '61, dis. April 3, '65. 
 
 Jacoh Hill, dis. May 23,' '64. 
 
 Martin Hoefle. 
 
 J,ajnes Hook. 
 
 Ralph Hopwood- 
 
 Daniel N. Hyder, dis. Dec. 23, '63. 
 
 Conrad Hoover, Jan. 25, '64. 
 
 George W. Hoquet, dis. Oct. 28, '62, wounds. 
 
 Wm. Irion, must, out Aug. 10, '65. 
 
 Thomas Jacobs. 
 
 Andrew J. Jorden. 
 
 Andrew J. Joline, trans, to Co. E, 4th Reg. 
 
 John H. Kelly, must, out June 29, '65. 
 
 Chas. Leonhardt, Feb. 25, '64, dis. March 24, '64, 
 
 Chas. Long, must, out June 29, '65. 
 
 Edward Lunny, dis. March 23, '62. 
 
 Alfred A. Maulin, died Feb. 23, '63. 
 
 John Mertz, Jan. 26, '64. 
 
 Seth S. Mekd. 
 
 John McDonald, dis. Sept. 12, '61. 
 
 Edward McDowell, dis. July 26, '62. 
 
 Charles McLaughlin, dis. Jan. 15, '63, of wounds. 
 
 Alexander McGaukey, killed June 27, '62. 
 
 P. McLaughlin, Aug, 27,'62, tr. to V.R.C. Sept.1,'63. 
 
 Edwin Miles, died Nov. 26, '62. 
 
 Samuel Miller. 
 
 Charles Munzing, Feb. 8, '62, died Dec. 20, '63. 
 
 Charles Murray. 
 
 William Neville. 
 
 Patrick Nolan, killed June 27, '62. 
 
 Charles P. Norton, died of wounds. 
 
 Alexander Oldham, killed June 27, '62. 
 
 Michael O'Regan, died May 16, '62. 
 
 Gotthelf Osterday, must, out Aug. 2, 'Ho. 
 
 Simon Peter, must, out Aug. 2, '65. 
 
 W. Posser, Aug. 28, '62, tr. to U. S. N. Apr. 18, '64. 
 
 .Jacob H. Plume, dis. May 12, '63. 
 
 John H. Redfield, dis. July 6, '65, of wounds. 
 
 Edward C. Reed, dis. Feb. 26, '63, of wounds. 
 
 Thomas Russell. 
 
 Adam Schiela, must, out June 29, '65. 
 
 August Schwarze, killed June 27, '62. 
 
 John Skyrm. 
 
 George Sproud. 
 
 John C. Stow, dis. May 23, '64. 
 
 Charles Sparks, killed May 6, '64. 
 
 William H. Swope. 
 
 Peter Sweeny, dis. Aug. 16, '63. 
 
 Jacob Tehr, dis. July 25, '65. 
 
 Nathaniel M. Wolf, dis. Oct. 3, '62. 
 
 Christopher Weedman, must, out June 29, '65. 
 
 Jacob S. Wheeler. 
 
 William H. Wheaten. 
 
 Emerick Whitman. 
 
 Charles Yeager, killed June 27, '62. 
 
 George W. Young, dis. Feb. 24, '63. 
 
 Nicholas Yeager. 
 
 COMPANY B, THIRD EEGIMENT NEW JERSEY VOL- 
 UNTEERS (three year.s). 
 
 [This company-was mustered in May 26, 1861, and mustered out 
 June 23, 1864, unless otherwise stated]. 
 
 Captains. 
 Henry C. Gibson, res. Aug. 21, 1862. 
 Richard D. Cook, Sept. 20, '62 ; res. Feb. 16, '63. 
 John Frantz, Feb. 17, 1863. 
 
 First Lieutenants. 
 David Vickers, Jr., pro. tocapt. Co. A May 31, '61. 
 Franklin L. Knight, May 26, '61 ; pro. lieut.-col. 
 
 24th N. J. Regt. Sept. 12, 1862. 
 Wm. N. Evans, Dec. 18,'61; died of wds. July 14,'62. 
 David Fairly, July 1, '62 ; pro. to adjt. July 14, '62. 
 Griffith W. Carr, Sept. 13, 1862 ; pro. to capt. Co. 
 
 K, 23d Regt., April 18, 1863. 
 Abraham M. Salmon, Oct. 15, 1863. 
 
 Second Lieutenants. 
 Baldwin Hufty, Jan. 6, 1862 ; pro. 1st lieut. Co. E 
 
 Aug, 13, 1862. 
 Oscar Westlake, Aug. 13, '62 ; pro. 1st lieut. Co. D 
 
 Dec. 10, '62. 
 James Dalzell, Dec. 10, '62, pro- from sergt. Co. D. 
 
 First Sergeants. 
 Howard S. Vandegrift, killed May 3, '63. 
 Mathias Lambson, pro. 2d lieut. Co. E July 16, '62. 
 .John S. Clark. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 Hamilton Johnson. 
 
 Geo. T. Westcott, pro. 2d lieut. Co. C Oct. 16, '62. 
 Nathan C. Jones: 
 
 Fred. Mervine, killed in action May 8, 1864. 
 Rich. A. Curtis, pro. 2d lieut. Co. C July 3, 1862. 
 William Page, disch. Oct. 27, 1862. 
 William H. Smith. 
 Wm. B. Philips, disch. Nov. 5, 1862. 
 Chas. A. McClung, pro. sergt. -maj. Sept. 6, 1862. 
 Samuel B. Pine, trans, to V. R. C- 
 
 Corporals. 
 Fred. W. Sowby. 
 William J. Mills. 
 Thomas W. Clark. 
 
 Edwin Phillips, disch. Sept. 18, 1862. 
 John M. Lewis, disch. Oct. 17, 1862. 
 Arthur H. Merry, killed in action June 27, 1862. 
 Wm. Ross, died of wds. May 14, 1863. 
 John K. Prankish, killed in action May 9, 1864. 
 
104 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Wm. B. Smith, killed in action May 12, 1864. 
 
 Wm. Marsh, musician, disch. May 17, 1865. 
 
 Jona. Demaris, musician, disch. March 30, 1862. 
 
 Wm. A. Shinn, wagoner. 
 
 James Ross, wagoner. 
 
 Privatei. 
 
 Adam Adams, killed in action June 27, 1862. 
 
 John Blair, trans, to V. E. C. 
 
 Armand Bressillon. 
 
 Charles Bressillon, disch. Oct. 4, 1862. 
 
 Samuel Broadhurst, disch. June 29, 1866. 
 
 Geo. S. Bromley.- 
 
 Newton M. Brooks. 
 
 Edward Browning, died of wounds May 12, '64. 
 
 Patrick Burns, disch. June 6, '65. 
 
 JohnL. Campbell, Nov. 21, '62; dis. July 13, '65. 
 
 Theodore Casper, disch. Nov. 11, '61. 
 
 Mordecai Clossen, disch. Jan. 31, '63. 
 
 John W. Coates. 
 
 John Conway. 
 
 Francis W. Coull, disch. (disability) Dec. 3, '62. 
 
 Allen Coull, killed in action June 27, '62. 
 
 Titus Crawshaw, disch. Nov. 19, '62. 
 
 Henry De Ford, disch. Dec. 20, '62. 
 
 Edward Y. Diament, disch. Dec. 8, 1862. 
 
 James Dillon, disch. June 29, 1865. 
 
 Henry Edwards, must, in Dec. 17, 1862. 
 
 Jehu Evans, Jr., pro. Isfc lieut. Co. A, 4th Begt. 
 
 Charles F. Fackler, disch. May 20, 1862. 
 
 Thomas D. Farris, disch. March 19, '63. 
 
 August Fisher, must, out June 29, 1865'. 
 
 Peter J. Fox, killed in action May 12, 1864. 
 
 Wm. Gibson, disch. Aug. 16, '65. 
 
 H. H. Goldsmith, pro. to 2d lieut. Co. A, 23d Eegt. 
 
 Thompson Gordon. 
 
 Henry Gorman. 
 
 John Bamberger, Jan. 7, '62 ; disch. Jan. 21, '65. 
 
 Mahlon Harden. 
 
 John T. Harrison. 
 
 John Harkinson. 
 
 Wm. T. Harvey, disch. March 29, '62. 
 
 James Henry. 
 
 Brockington Hollis. 
 
 James Hollingsworth, died of wds. Oct. 30, '62. 
 
 Lewis C. Hong, killed in action June 1, '64. 
 
 Joseph C. Johnston, disch. Nov, 8, '62. 
 
 Joseph King, disch. Oct. 6. '62. 
 
 George W. Loughlin, disch. May 13, '63. 
 
 John G. Lewallin, Sept. 11,'61 ; disch. Feb. 11, '63. 
 
 Elwood Lock, died of wds. June 28, '62. 
 
 Martin Lokeman, Oct. 10, '62 ; disch. July 10, '65. 
 
 Nathaniel P. Long, must, in Oct. 18, '62. 
 
 Albert Lukens, disch. June 16, '64. 
 
 J. Harrison Lupton, disch. Sept. 16, '62. 
 
 Alfred Marshland, disch. April 11, '63. 
 
 Samuel Martin, disch. April 19, '63. 
 
 John D. McCoy, Jan. 10, '62 ; died July 21, '62. 
 
 John McLees, died of wds. June 30, '62. 
 
 Martin McNully, killed in action May 3, '63. 
 
 John D. McWey, disch. Sept. 3, '65. 
 
 Theodore W. Merrihew. 
 
 Archibald Neimo. 
 
 John M. Phillips. 
 
 Thomas L. Phillips, disch. Sept. 24, '62. 
 
 George G. Bicker, Jan. 6, '62 ; disch. June 28, '65. 
 
 Charles Robinson, disch. June 29, '65. 
 
 Franklin Robinson, died Nov. 24, '63. 
 
 Nathaniel P. Senz, must, in Oct. 18, '62. 
 
 Philip Shank. 
 
 Peter Sherris, Sept. 16, '61 ; disch. Aug. 13, '62. 
 
 Benj. F. Shinn, trans, to Co. G. 
 
 Geo. Shade, must, in Dec. 5, '62. 
 
 Grisby H. Snow. 
 
 John W. Slocum, disch. Feb. 23, '63. 
 
 Charles H. Smith, disch. July 28, '62. 
 
 Cooper Smith, disch. Dec. 2, '62. 
 
 John Spence. 
 
 Thomas C. Surran. 
 
 Albert Talmadge. 
 
 Jos. E.Taylor, Jan. 10, '62; disch. June 29, '65. 
 
 J. Fred. Taylor, disch. April 10, '62. 
 
 Stephen Tomkinson, killed in action Dec. 4, '61. 
 
 Armand Trimble, disch. May 20, '62. 
 
 Edward Trussell, disch. Feb. 11, '63. 
 
 Alex. J. Walker, died of wds. May 12, '63. 
 
 Erasmus R. Webb, disch. July 7, '64. 
 
 S. Williams, Sept. 12, '61; trans, to Co. B, 15th Egl. 
 
 Wallace Williams, trans to U. S. Navy. 
 
 Jacob Wise, must, out June 23, '64. 
 
 Thomas Westfall, disch, Sept. 13, '61. 
 
 Robt. F. Wood, disch. Sept. 15, '62. 
 
 Charles H. Wright, must, in Jan. 21, '62. 
 
 Wm. T. G. Young, disch. May 31, '64. 
 
 rOMPANY A, FOURTH EEGIMENT NEW JERSEY 
 VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 [This fonipany was mustered in August 9, 1861, and mustered out 
 with regiment unices otherwise stated.] 
 
 Captains. 
 Charles Meves, killed in action June 27, '62. 
 Charles Meyer, Aug. 30, '62, vice Meves, killed. 
 Josiah Shaw, Aug. 9, '63. 
 
 Ellas Wright, Dec. 13, '62 ; pro. to maj. U. S. C. 
 John M. Crammer, Nov. 26, '64. 
 
 First Lieutenants. 
 J..Evans, Jr., Aug. 30, '62 ; pro. to adjt. Nov. 26, '62. 
 Chas. tl. Hatch, Nov. 26, '62 ; res. Mar. 29, '64. 
 Frank E. Mailey, April 24, '64. 
 Leander Brevier, Feb. 2, '65; pro. to adj. June 4, '65 
 Peter Lanning, June 4, '65. 
 
THE WAR FOE THE UNION. 
 
 105 
 
 Second Lieutenants. . 
 Charles Lisenbarth, res. Sept. 13, '61. 
 Fritz W. Schroeder, Sept. 21, '61 ; dis. Oct. 11, '62. 
 Edwd. M. Anderson, Nov. 5, '62 ; pro. 1st It. Co. K, 
 
 ^Tov. 12, '63. 
 Griffin P. Lillis, Jan. 31, 65 ; pro. 1st lieut. Co. H, 
 
 June 4, '65. 
 
 First Sergeant. 
 Samuel B. Keeler, Aug. 17, '61. 
 Sergeants. 
 Joseph Brady. 
 George Wilson, Dec. 8, '64. 
 Erail Jaerin, Jan. 3, '65. 
 Frederick Wool, disch. Mar. 12, '63. 
 Theodore Krugg, disch. Aug. 8, '62, of wounds. 
 Chas. Helmouth, disch. May 3, '64, of wounds. 
 John Greipp. 
 John Mergenthaler. 
 Theodore Schreiber, trans, to V. R. C. 
 
 Corporah. 
 Joseph Lippe, disch. Feb. 16, '62. 
 Louis Deike, Aug. 22, '61 ; disch. April 24, '63. 
 Edward Dike, disch. Sept. 16, '61. 
 Gottfried Whitman. 
 Thomas Desmond, Aug. 13, '61. 
 John O'Neil, Jan. 11, '65 ; killed in ac. Ap. 2, '65. 
 John Miller, disch. May 31, '64, of wounds. 
 Joseph Schlatter, killed in action May 6, '64. 
 Jean G. Veltier, disch. Aug. 14, '62- 
 George Schuh, disch. Feb. 16, '63. 
 Adam Riekerts. 
 John Lynch, Dec. 15, '64. 
 John H. Reardon, Jan. 12, '65. 
 Jos. Harding, Feb. 16, '64 ; disch. July 8, '65. 
 Jos. Hodgeson, Sept. 29, '64; disch. May 17, '65. 
 Saml. Hill, musician, Aug. 12, '63. 
 Robt. Clow, mus., Sept. 15, '62 ; disch. May 17, 66. 
 Charles Lyons, wagoner, Aug. 13, '61. 
 
 Privates. 
 Christian Adelar, died July 8, '62, in And'spnville. 
 Andw. Anderson, Mar. 3, '65 ; disch. July 9, '66. 
 John Adshead, disch. July 7, '65. 
 David Batthalia, Dec. 30, '64; disch. July 9, '65. 
 Frederick Bauer, disch. July 18, '65. 
 Otto Bender, Aug. 22, '61 ; killed in ac. .June 27, '62. 
 Lewis Binder, disch. Oct. 30, '62. 
 John Britton, Jan. 11, '65. 
 George Brombacher, disch. Feb. 18, '63. 
 John Brown (1), Dec. 30, '64 ; disch. July 9, '66. 
 John Brown (2), Jan. 18, '65 ; disch. July 9, '65. 
 James Brown, Jan. 16, '65. 
 Wm. Brown, Dec. 7, '64 ; died Feb. 9, '66. 
 Christian Burger, disch. June 6, '62. 
 John Burghart, killed in action June 27, '62. 
 14 
 
 John'Barr, Jan. 12, '66. 
 
 Michael Cavanagh, Jan. 5, '65. 
 
 James Chester, Jan. 5, '65. 
 
 George Clark, Mar. 30, '65. 
 
 John Clark, Jan. 17, '65 ; disch. April 28, '65. 
 
 Albert Clement, disch. Dec. 25, '62. 
 
 Robt. Corson, Jan. 5, '64 ; disch. July 9, '65. 
 
 Alfred Conklin, Sept. 2,;62 ; disch. Aug. 25, '64. 
 
 Geo. Cowpe, Sept. 30, '64; disch. May 17, '65. 
 
 Peter Cox, died Jan. 1, '65. 
 
 John Deihl, Jan. 25, '64; killed in ac. June 3, '64. 
 
 Christian Diehl. 
 
 John Dickinson, Jan. 12, '66, 
 
 John Diehl, disch Mar. 3, '62. 
 
 Henry Dietrich, March 25, '65 ; disch. July 9, '65. 
 
 Martin Effinger, died April 12, '62. 
 
 John Elrah, Aug. 27, '62 ; died Jan. 3, '65. 
 
 Andw. Faudre, April 8, '65 ; disch. July 10, '66. 
 
 Francis Fecht, disch. March 31, '62. 
 
 Frederick Killian. 
 
 Charles Fessman. 
 
 Heinrich Finger, disch. Aug. 19, '64. 
 
 Frederick Fisher, Dec. 28, '64 ; disch, July 9, '65. 
 
 Jacob Fleck, disch. Dec. 24, '62. 
 
 Christian Floel, March 30, '65 ; disch. May 3, '65. 
 
 Jacob Fox, August 22, '61 ; disch. Jan. 20, '63. 
 
 Jacob Gallatin, disch. Jan. 4, '62. 
 
 Henry Gollman, April 7, '63 ; disch. April 14, '63. 
 
 John Gundling, disch. Dec. 3, '62. 
 
 Ludwig Gundling, died Nov. 16, '63. 
 
 John Haines, Jan. 4, '65. 
 
 Gilmore Hall, Jan. 4, '66 ; disch. July 9, '65. 
 
 Charles Hambrecht, died Nov. 8, '62, of wounds. 
 
 John Hart, Jan. 10, '66. 
 
 George Hays, Jan. 11, '65 ; disch. July 9, '65. 
 
 Ernest Hassenbein, Dec. 12, '64. 
 
 Valentine Henricus, killed in action May 12, '64. 
 
 George Hetchner, killed in actioa May 6, '64. 
 
 Emanuel Herbert. 
 
 Charles Heitman, disch. March 3, '62. 
 
 James Hines, Dec. 29, '64 ; disch. July 9, '65. 
 
 Jacob Hirsch. 
 
 Geo. Holzmann, Aug. 22, '61 ; disch. Dec. 19, '62. 
 
 Andw. J. Hopkins, July 8, '64; disch. July 9, '65. 
 
 Jacob Hucke. 
 
 Patk. Hurley, Sept. 28, '64; disch. May 17, '65. 
 
 Thomas Jackson, Dec. 19, '62. 
 
 John Jack, Oct. 7, '64 ; trans, to Company D. 
 
 Charles Jacobson, Dec. 9, '64; disch. July 9, '66. 
 
 John Kane, Jan. 12, '66; disch. July 9, '65. 
 
 Philip Keifer, Aug. 22, '61 ; disch. Aug. 20, '64. 
 
 James Kelly, Jan. 10, '65 ; trans, to Company I. 
 
 Christopher Kiefer, disch. Aug. 15, '61. 
 
 John F. Killmer, Dec. 20, '64; disch. July 9, '65. 
 
 Herman Kisshauer, Jan. 7, '65; disch. June, '65. 
 
106 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Edward Krause, disch. June 16, '65. 
 
 Christian Krause, disch. March 21, '63. 
 
 Eudolph Kleffer, disch. Aug. 15, '62. 
 
 Wendle Kuntz, disch. Sept. 26, '62. 
 
 John Lawson, Jan. 6, '65 ; disch. July 9, '66. 
 
 John Lenk. 
 
 Francis Leonard, January 16, '65. 
 
 John Louis, killed in acti.on June 27, '62. 
 
 Charles Lutz, disch. Sept. 26, '62. 
 
 John McCarty, Jan. 10, '65; disch. July 9, '65. 
 
 Lawrence McDonald, Jan. 11, '65. 
 
 Thos. McMahon, Aug. 29, '61; disch. Jan, 30, '63. 
 
 George Metz. 
 
 George Millar, disch. May 14, '63. 
 
 Fred'k Mondinger, March 25, '65; disch. July 9, '65. 
 
 Wm. W. Morse, March 24, '65 ; disch. July 9, '65. 
 
 Gustavus Moses, March 25, '65. 
 
 Michael Murphy, Jan. 13, '65; disch. July 9, '65. 
 
 Leopold Myers, Dec. 9, '64; trans, to Battery A. 
 
 Leonard Nargaug. 
 
 John Nelson, Dec. 7, '64. 
 
 Wm. F. Nesbit, Jan. 11, '65 ; trans, to West'n A'y- 
 
 John G. Nutt, Jan. 4, '65 ; disch. June 12, '65. 
 
 Wm. J. Parkhill, Aug. 10, '64 ; disch. June 22, '65. 
 
 Charles Randolph, March 24, '65. 
 
 Allen Rathford, Jan. 6, '65. 
 
 Henry Reinhardt, disch. Sept. 13, '62. 
 
 Ludwig Reinhardt, disch. Sept. 13, '62. 
 
 Michael Rielly, Aug. 17, '64, disch. June 22, '65. 
 
 Charles Riley, Aug. 17, '64; trans. toV. R. C. 
 
 Jacob Rhode, killed in action June 27, '62. 
 
 Albert Ross, Jan. 12, '65 ; disch. July 9, '65. 
 
 John Ryan, Feb. 13, '64 ; disch. July 9, '65. 
 
 .lames Rice, Jan. 5, '65. 
 
 William Riley, Jan. 10, '65. 
 
 James Rogers, Dec. 7, '64. 
 
 Conrad Rosch, disch. April 23, '63. 
 
 George Roth, disch. Jan. 3, '63. 
 
 Johan Roth, disch. Jan. 3, '63. 
 
 Jolin Sohack. 
 
 George Schick. 
 
 Joseph Scherm. 
 
 John Schmidt. 
 
 David W. Schneider, Jan. 22, '62. 
 
 George Schneider, Jan. 10, '65. 
 
 Joseph Schneider. 
 
 John P. Schuster, Jan. 22, '64. 
 
 Frederick Schneider, Dec. 13, '64, dis. July 9, '65. 
 
 Joseph Schaler, Mar. 30, '64. 
 
 Sebastian Schaub, dis. Mar. 21, '63. 
 
 William Schneider, dis. Mar. 10, '62. 
 
 Michael Schnepp, dis. April 30, '62. 
 
 Conrad Seibolt, dis. Nov. 8, '62. 
 
 Joseph Shaw, Oct. 3, '64, dis. July 9, '65. 
 
 Henry Sherbrook, Jan. 6, '65, dis. July 9, '65. 
 
 Solomon Smallwood, Jan. 6, '64, dis. July 9, '65. 
 
 James Smith, Aug. 11, '63, dis. May 3, '65. 
 
 John Smith, Jan. 16, '65. 
 
 Sebastian Smith, Jan. 2, '64. 
 
 William Smith, Jan. 13, '65. 
 
 William Souville, Jan. 16, '65. 
 
 William B. Smith, Jan. 10, '65, trans, to Co. G. 
 
 Henry Strick, dis. Jan. 14, '62. 
 
 William Swenson, Jan. 5, '65, dis. July 9, '65. 
 
 William Spitz, dis. April 29. '62. 
 
 Johnson Stockton, dis. Aug. 15, '61. 
 
 George Treide, dis. Dec. 25, '62. 
 
 William Tyler, Jan. 11, '65. 
 
 Christopher Ulrich, died Oct. 29, '62. 
 
 Jacob Vanvaler, Aug. 5, '64, dis. July 9, '65. 
 
 Charles Wagner, Jan, 12, '65, dis. May 3, '65. 
 
 August Weinknecht, dis. Oct. 29, '62. 
 
 Jesse Wheeler, dis. Aug. 23, '64. 
 
 Charles H. White, Feb. 6, '62, dis. Nov. 2, '62. 
 
 Peter Williams, Dec. 7, '64, killed April 2, '65. 
 
 Christopher Williams, Jan. 12, '65, dis. July 9, '65, 
 
 John White, July 7, '64, died April 22, '65, of wds, 
 
 Charles Woerner, dis. Jan. 10, '63. 
 
 John Watson, Jan. 5, '65. 
 
 Edward Waugh, Jan. 10, '65. 
 
 Andrew Wesler. 
 
 Christopher Wesler. 
 
 James Wilson (1), Aug. 11, '63. 
 
 James Wilson (2), Dec. 13, '64. 
 
 James Wilson (3), Jan. 16, '65. 
 
 Samuel Wilson, Jan. 6, '65. 
 
 John F. Wilson, Dec. 12, '64, dis. July 9, '65. 
 
 Herman Woerner, Mar. 25, '65, dis. .July 9, '65. 
 
 John Wolfe, Dec. 10, '64, dis. July 9, '65. 
 
 John Woerner, died at Andersonville Aug. 9, '64. 
 
 Anthony Wolf, died Aug. 1, '62. 
 
 .John Wolfe, Dec. 10, '64, dis. July 9, '65. 
 
 Charles Wood, Dec. 12, '64, dis. July 9, '65. 
 
 COMPANY F, FOURTEENTH REGIMENT NEVi' .JERSEY 
 
 VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 [This company was mustered iu August 15, 1861, aud imietpved out 
 
 August 17, 18t'i4, unless otherwise stated.] 
 
 Captains. 
 N. B. Aaronson, Aug. 17, '61, res. Sept. 23, '62. 
 Samuel M. Gaul, Oct. 13, '62, wre Aaronson, res. 
 Joseph S. Heston, June 4, '65, vice Gaul, must. out. 
 
 First Lieutenants. 
 T, M. Fetter, Aug. 17,'61, p. capt. Co. K Dec.21,'61. 
 J. M. Pearson, Dec. 21, '61, p. capt. Co. K Jan! 8,'63. 
 H. W. Jackson, Jan. 8, '63, p. brt. lieut.-col. Mar. 
 13, '65. 
 
 Second Lieutenants. 
 F. G. Aaronson, Aug. 17, '61, res. Sept. 26, '62. 
 W. McElhaney, May 16, '63, pro. adjt. July 7, '63. 
 D. R, Forgus, Jan. 31, '65, resigned June 14, '65. 
 
THE WAR FOR THE UNION. 
 
 lOY 
 
 First Sergeants. 
 Frank E. Mailey, pro. Ist lieut. Co. A, Apl. 24, '64. 
 John Dimond, killed in action June 27, '62. 
 David D. Hamell. 
 
 Jacob F. Nesson, must, out July 9, '65. 
 Ashley B. Lucas, pro. q. m.-sergt. May 1, '65, 
 
 Sergeants. 
 Samuel J. Penner. 
 
 James C. Sloane, pro. q. m.-sergt. Oct. 20, '61. 
 Thomas W. Mooney, pro. sgt.-majorNov. 4, '61. 
 James Houghtaling, mtist. out July 12, '65, 
 Joseph B. Holmes, must, out July 9, '65. 
 William Coote, pro. sgt.-major May 1, '65. 
 George I. Gesmeyer, dis. Feb. 28, '63. 
 Charles H. Jewell, died Nov. 27, '64, of wounds. 
 Benjamin Linton, killed in action May 12, '64. 
 
 Corporals. 
 Horatio S. Howell, pro. q. m.-sergt. Sept. 6, '63. 
 John W. Messick, Aug. 26, '64. dis. June 25, '65. 
 John Elbertson, dis. July 22, '64. 
 Lorenzo Jess, dis. July 9, '65. 
 Samuel P. Budd, Jan. 19, '64, dis. July 9, '65. 
 John McLiester, Dec. 13, '64, dis. July 9, '65. 
 James H. Brown, Dec. 24, '64, dis. July 9, '65. 
 Francis F. Souders, dis. July 9, '65. 
 John E. McCowan, dis. Nov. 6, '62. 
 Valentine W. Brown, dis. Dec. 3, '62. 
 Richard F. Stone, dis. Oct. 3, '62. 
 Miles Bakely, trans, to U. S. Navy. 
 Francis Soper, mus'n, Aug. 20, '61, dis. Sept. 8, 64. 
 James Dean, musician, Sept. 3, '63, dis. July 9, '65. 
 James H. Carter, musician, dis. Aug. 15, '63. 
 John Camp, wagoner, Feb. 12, '64, dis. July 9, '65. 
 Walter B. Ayres, wagoner, dis. Sept. 19, '62. 
 
 Privates. 
 
 Jonat'n Abbott, dis. Jan. 30, '63, of wds. rec. in act. 
 
 William W. Adler, Mar. 28, '65, dis. July 9, '65. 
 
 Henry Adler, died July 26, '62. 
 
 Charles E. Archer. 
 
 Henry Ashback, Dec. 27, '64, dis. July 9, '65. 
 
 Joseph Bates, died Mar. 10, '62. 
 
 William Bailey, Dec. 14, '62, dis. July 9, '65. 
 
 Steward D. Bakeley, dis. July 25, '65. 
 
 Charles Bakeley, dis. Oct. 20, '61, wds. rec. in act. 
 
 Joseph Bakeley, died Dec. 1, '63. 
 
 Michael Bannon, July 13, '64, dis. July 9, '65. 
 
 Joseph A. Beckett, dis. Nov. 29, '62. 
 
 Samuel Bentley, Jan. 13, '65. 
 
 Abel Biddle. 
 
 Edward Bohn, Dec. 20, '64, dis. July 9, '65. 
 
 Edwin Boles, March 16, '64. 
 
 Jos. E. Boustead. 
 
 Alfred E. Bourden, Jan. 19, '64, dis. June 10, '65. 
 
 Chas. Bowman, Jan. 6, '65, dis. July 9, '65. 
 
 John Boyle, Dec. 21, '64, tr. to Co. I, 10th Regt. 
 Peter Borne, March 25, '65. 
 
 Wm. H. Briggs, dis. Aug. 26, '64. 
 
 James Brewster, dis. March 20, '63. 
 
 John P. Brown, dis. Aug. 19, '64. 
 
 Henry W. Brown, dis. Oct. 8, '62. 
 
 Daniel Brown, Jan. 13, '65. 
 
 John P. Brown, Aug. 19, -'64. 
 
 Jas. Britton, Jan. 18, '65. 
 
 Patrick O. Bryan, March 28, '65, dis. July 9, '65. 
 
 Geo. B. Budd, died July 7, '62, of wounds in action. 
 
 John H. Burdick, Dec. 21, '64. 
 
 Wm. Butcher, Feb. 5, '64. 
 
 Bernard Calhoun, Dec. 13, '64. 
 
 Thomas Casey, Jan. 18, '65. 
 
 Abraham E. Casto, dis. Oct. 7, '62. 
 
 George W. Chew, killed June 27, '62. 
 
 Jacob W. Clement, Jan. 21, '64, killed May 12, '64. 
 
 John W. Cotner. 
 
 Charles C. Craner, dis. Jan. 17, '63. 
 
 George Crispin, Dec. 19, '64. 
 
 James Daley, Jan. 13, '65. 
 
 William Davis, Dec. 15, '64. 
 
 Joseph Debler, Jan. 14, '65, dis. July 9, '65. 
 
 Joseph C. Dorell, killed June 27, '62. 
 
 John De Garme. 
 
 John Dimond, Jan. 16, '65. 
 
 John Doyle, Jan. 16, '65, dis. July 28, 65. 
 
 Pat'k Dunn, June 5, '61, died Sept. 20, '64, of wds. 
 
 Wm. G. Eldridge, died July 4, '62. 
 
 Franklin E8tlack,dis. Sept. 13, '64, 
 
 Charles P. Fish, dis. July 9, '65. 
 
 Charles B. Fithian, Dec. 15, '64. 
 
 Harrison Flanigan. 
 
 James Galbraith, dis. Nov. 8, '62. 
 
 James Gardner, Jan. 10, '65. 
 
 Henry Glock, Jan. 9, '65, dis. June 26, '65- 
 
 James Goodwin, Jan. 10, '65. 
 
 Charles Gouger, killed in action June 27, '62. 
 
 John Grace, May 25, '64, dis. July 9, '65. 
 
 John R. Grubb, dis. Aug. 19, '64. 
 
 David Gripton, Jan. 13, '64. 
 
 David Harris, Dec. 15, '64, dis. July 9, '65. 
 
 Joseph Hand, dis. Oct. 7, '62. 
 
 John N. Hazard, Feb. 10, '65, dis. July 9, '65. 
 
 Henry F. HenSman, died May 31, '62. 
 
 John Hicks, Jan. 9, '65, dis. July 9, '65. 
 
 Wm. H. Hilman, dis. Oct. 7, '61. 
 
 Charles Hillman, July 6, '64. 
 
 Samuel Hoffman, Dec. 13, '64. 
 
 Francis Horner, Feb. 12, '62. 
 
 John E. Holeton, died July 1, '62. 
 
 John Hutwell, Jan. 10, '65. 
 
 Lewis Jackson, Dec. 17, '64. 
 
 Thomas Jackson, Jan. 16, '65, dis. June 15, '65. 
 
108 
 
 HISTOEY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Bowers Jess. 
 
 Joseph Johnson, Jan. 18, '65, dis. July 9, '65. 
 
 Henry L. Johnson, April 9, '64, dis. May 28, '64. 
 
 Henry Kessler, Aug. 19, '64, dis. July 9, '65. 
 
 Joshua Killingbacls, dis. Sept. 14, '64. 
 
 William B. King, dis. May 20, '62. 
 
 John King, Dec. 20, '64. 
 
 John King, Jan. 13, '65. 
 
 John Klaus, Jan. 14, '65. 
 
 Richard Lahey, Feb. 13, '64,kld. in act. May 6, '64. 
 
 Jacob D. Lawrence. 
 
 John W. Lane, Jan. 13, '65. 
 
 John W. Leonard, Jan. 13, '65. 
 
 James Lewis, Jan. 13, '65. 
 
 George W. Lewis. 
 
 John Logan, dis. Oct. 6, '62. 
 
 Wm. Louderback, dis. Feb. 12, '63. 
 
 Emmett McLaughlin, Aug. 29, '64, dis. July 9, '65. 
 
 Patrick McLaughlin, Feb. 7, '65, dis. July 9, '65. 
 
 Thomas McLaughlin, dis. Feb. 12, '68. 
 
 James McBride, Jan. 18, '65. 
 
 Wm. McCabe, Jan. 10, '65. 
 
 John McPherson, Jan. 16, '65. 
 
 John Miller, Jan. 4, '65, dis. July 9, '65. 
 
 Neal Munroe, March 27, '65, dis. July 9, '65. 
 
 Charles Muhler, Jan. 16, '65, dis. July 9, '65. 
 
 Wm. T. Mead, dis. Dec. 19, '62. 
 
 Jacob S. Minks, Feb. 6, '64, dis. Aug. 16, '65. 
 
 Edward Mosely, dis. Feb. 12, '63. 
 
 Frederick Mumberger, Jan. 16, '65. 
 
 Owen Mullen, Jan. 16, '65. 
 
 Richard Murphy, Jan. 12, '65, dis. July 28, '65. 
 
 George Mix, Jan. 5, '64, died Sept. 8, '64. 
 
 Francis Nugent, Jan, 11, '65. 
 
 Henry O'Brien. 
 
 Michael O'Brien, Dec. 19, '64. 
 
 Burton K. Price, Jan. 13, '63. 
 
 Thomas P. Potts. 
 
 Hugh Quigley, Jan. 14, '65. 
 
 Owen O. Eatigan, Jan. 10, '65, dis. Aug. 24, '65. 
 
 Patrick Bine, Jan. 10, '65, 
 
 Thomas Ryan, March 24, '65, dis. July 9, '65. 
 
 Frank 0. Roberts, Jan. 18, '65. 
 
 Thomas D. Sawn. 
 
 James Schwernan, dis. July 9, '65. 
 
 John Schitenhelm, Dec. 1 2, '64, dis. June 26, '65. 
 
 George W. Scott, dis. Dec. 13, '63. 
 
 John Sheppard, Dec. 20, '64, dis. July 12, '65. 
 
 Washington Sheeltz. 
 
 Dayid Sleven, May 20, '62. 
 
 James Shaw, Dec. 20, '64. 
 
 John Sheppard, Jan. 11, '65. 
 
 Clement Schy, killed June 27, '62. 
 
 Patrick Smith, Jan. 12, '65. 
 
 John Smith, Jan. 10, 65. 
 
 Wm. Smith, Jan. 10, "65, dis. July 6, '65. 
 
 Eleazer Stark. 
 
 Thomas S. Stevens. 
 
 William Stephens, Sept. 24, '64, dis. July 9, 05. 
 
 John S. Sturges, dis. June 14, '65. 
 
 Jacob Sturges, wounded, died Oct. 19, '64. 
 
 Charles L. Test, dis. Jan. 24, '63. 
 
 John C. Tibbies. 
 
 Joseph E. Ware, killed Sept. 14, '62. 
 
 John Weathers, Jan. 16, '65, dis. July 9, '65. 
 
 Sylvester Weaver, Jan. 18, '65. 
 
 Edward Welch, Jan. 13, '65. 
 
 William F. Wilke, dis. Jan. 24, '63. 
 
 John Wilson, Jan. 9, '65. 
 
 Thomas Williams, Jan. 16, '65. 
 
 John T. Williams, March 24, '65, dis. July 9, '05. 
 
 John Wright, Jan. 18, '65. 
 
 Wm. Wright, Jan. 18, '65. 
 
 Richard Yapp, dis. July 14, '62. 
 
 COMPANY G, FOUETH REGIMENT NEW JERSEY 
 
 VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 [This company was mustered in August 17, 1861, and mustered out 
 
 July 9, 1865, unless otherwise stated.] 
 
 Captains. 
 Henry M. Jewett, disch. Apr. 15, '63, wounded. 
 M. Lambson, May 16, '68, disch. Oct. 19,'64, wd. 
 Wm. McElhaney,Nov. 26,'64, bvt. It.-col. Apr. 2,'65. 
 
 First Lieutenants. 
 Samuel M. Gaul, pro. capt. Co. F Oct. 18, '62. 
 J. S. Heston, May 16,'63, pro. capt. Co. F June 4,'65, 
 
 Second Lieutenants. 
 Elias Wright, pro. 1st lieut. Co. D Jan. 3, '62, 
 Edgar Whitaker, Jan. 3, '62, resig. July 25, '62. 
 J. E. Bradford, Sept. 6,'62, pro. 1st It. Co. H May 16, 
 
 '68. 
 Caleb M. Wright, May 16, '63, pro. capt. Co. C 
 
 Oct. 5; '64. 
 P. Lanning, Jan. 31,'65, pro. 1st It. Co. A June 4,'65. 
 
 First Sergeants. 
 Samuel E. Taylor, pro. to 2d It. Co. E Jan. 8, '03. 
 John E. Doughty, nro. sergt.-major Jan. 1, '65. 
 Wm. E. Cavalier, Nov. 12, '61. 
 I. J. Pine, Aug. 28, '61, killed in action June 27,'62. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 Samuel B. Fisher. 
 A. D. Nichols, Nov. 1 2,'61, pro. 1st It. Co. B Feb.l3, 
 
 '65. 
 Jos. R. Westcott. 
 
 Jos. H. Martin, pro. com.-sergt. Aug. 27, '61. 
 Samuel H. Cavalier, pro. 2d It. Co. C Feb. 13, '65. 
 Jno. M. Crammer, pro. 1st It. Co. A Oct. 5, '64. 
 Alfred Webb. 
 Dilwyn V. Purington, Aug. 23,'61, pro. qr. m.-sgt. 
 
 Aug, 26, '62. 
 
THE WAR FOR THE UNION. 
 
 109 
 
 Leander Houghtaling, disch. June 6; '65. 
 
 J. M.Cavalier.Aug. 28,'61,killed in act'n June 27,'62. 
 
 Corporals. 
 S. B. Carter, Aug. 23, '61, died May 17,'64, of wds. 
 George W. Thompson, killed in action Dec. 13,'(52. 
 Phineas Atkinson, disch. May 10, '62. 
 Richard R. Robins, disch. Aug. 21, '62. 
 James Snow, Nov. 12, '61, disch. Nov. 29, '62. 
 James H. Nugent. 
 Walter W. Woodward. 
 John S. Nichols, Nov. 12, '61. 
 Wm. H. Crowley. 
 Lewis Bender. 
 
 W. A. Burnett, Feb. 1, '64, disch. June 6, '65. 
 Chas. R. Brown, Oct. 18, '61, must, out Oct. 18,'64. 
 W. F. Gaul, musician. 
 Lewis Watson, musician. 
 Gilbert Bird, wagoner. 
 
 Privates. 
 David W. Adams, Aug. 23, '61. 
 Joseph Adams, disch. May 10, '62. 
 James Allen, Jan. 11, '65. 
 Wm. W. Anderson, disch. May 17, '62. 
 Louis Arnold, Jan. 18, '65. 
 John E. Amit, died Jan. 23, '62. 
 Wm. Applegate, died Jan. 10, '63. 
 John H. Austin. 
 Charles Bampton, Dec. 6, '64. 
 Stephen Bailey, disch. Oct. 16, '62. 
 Thomas Bennett. 
 Thomas Bird. 
 
 Elisha B. Bird, disch. Dec 20, '63. 
 John Boggs. 
 
 Adam Brown, Jan. 13, '66, disch. June 21, '65. 
 James Brown, Jan. 13, '65. 
 James H. Bunting, disch. Feb. 7, '63. 
 John Burke, Dec. 14, '64. 
 Michael Cain, Jan. 11, '65. 
 John W. Camp. 
 
 John C. Cavalier, trans, to U. S. N. April 6, '64. 
 Chas. B. Carter, Aug. 23, '61, disch. Nov. 10, '62. 
 Lafayette Carter, Dec. 7, '62, disch. May 10, '64. 
 Ernest Cavalier, Dec. 7, '64, disch. Mar. 6, '65. 
 Wm. A. Channells, must, out July 9, '65. 
 Lyonel G. Clifford, Aug. 23, '61, died Mar. 15, '62. 
 James Connor, Dec. 13, '64. 
 Isaac Cooke, Dec. 7, '64. 
 
 Napoleon Cote, Dec. 12, '64, disch. July 12, '65. 
 Joseph Connelly, disch. Oct* 17, '62. 
 C. Cramer, Feb. 26, '64, died Dec. 12, '64, of wnds. 
 Thomas Cummings, Dec. 6, '64. 
 John Davis, Jan. 11, .'65. 
 Charles Davis, Jan. 18, '65. 
 Jasper N. Dick, disch. June 10, '63. 
 
 John Dipple, May 25, '64. 
 
 Benj. B. Doughty, Aug. 23, '61, died June 6, '62. 
 
 George Edwards, Aug. 20, '61. 
 
 Thomas Erwin, Jan. 10, '65. 
 
 Richard Felian, Dec. 6, '64. 
 
 John Fisk, Jan. 13, '66. 
 
 Henry Fletcher, Jan. 9, '66. 
 
 Joseph Ford. 
 
 Wm. Ford, Feb. 10, '64. 
 
 J. W. Ford, Nov. 26, '61, killed in act'n June 27,'62. 
 
 Samuel C. Ford, killed in action Sept. 14, '62. 
 
 Augustus Fraley, May 25, '64. 
 
 James Galbreth, Jan. 18, '63. 
 
 Aaron Gardner. 
 
 Abraham Garrabrant, Oct. 15, '64. 
 
 John F. Gaul, Oct. 17, '61, died June 29, '62. 
 
 Daniel Gibson, Jan. 13, '65. 
 
 Charles Gilroy, Jan. 10. '65. 
 
 Daniel Glass, Dec. 8, '64. 
 
 William Green, Jan. 11, '66. 
 
 Isaac Gifford, dis. July 11, '62. 
 
 John P. Grant, dis. Oct. 15, '62. 
 
 William Goff, Nov. 13, '61 ; dis. Aug. 16, '64. 
 
 Wm. A. Goff, Nov. 29, '61 ; died May 11, '64, of wds. 
 
 Wait Gober, Aug, 17, '61 ; killed in act. May 12, '64. 
 
 Thomas Haggerty, Dec. 8, '64. 
 
 John F. Haines, died June 19, '62. 
 
 James Hale, Jan. 11, '66. 
 
 Henry C. Hamilton, Feb. 6, '65. 
 
 John Hamilton, Jan. 11, '65. 
 
 John Hampton, Jan. 11, '65. 
 
 Lewis Hart, Jan. 6, '65. 
 
 George W. Harris, Dec. 8, '64 ; dis. July 18, '65. 
 
 Chas. H. Hatch,Oct.24,'61 ; pr.sgt.-maj. Oct. 28,'61. 
 
 Thomas Hayes, Jan. 16, '65 ; dis. June 6, '65. 
 
 Daniel Higgins, Dec. 10, '64. 
 
 Elmer Johnson, dis. Aug. 14, '62. 
 
 Elisha Johnston, Aug. 23, '61 ; dis. Aug. 27, '62. 
 
 M.W. Johnson, Aug. 10, '61; kid. in act. June 27,'62. 
 
 Thomas Jones, Dec. 8, '64. 
 
 William P. Rears, Aug. 26, '61. 
 
 William Kelly, Jan. 16, '66. 
 
 Joseph Kendall, Aug. 23, '61. 
 
 John King, Mar. 29, '66 ; must, out July 9, '65. 
 
 Anthony Larricks, Feb. 27, '64. 
 
 Peter Larricks, killed in action May 6, '64. 
 
 Charles W. Leek, died Aug. 8, '62. 
 
 Joseph Leach, Aug. 23, '61 ; dis. Nov. 14, '62. 
 
 George Lee, Dec. 10, '64. 
 
 JohnT. Lewis, Aug. 15, '61; dis. Aug. 20, '64. 
 
 Joseph Logan, Jan. 12, '66. 
 
 Robert Love, died Sept. 5, '62. 
 
 James Long, Jan. 13, '65. 
 
 John 0. Matthews, must, out Oct. 20, '64. 
 
 Thomas Mahoney, Dec. 6, '64. 
 
110 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Daniel Mason, died March 17, '(12. 
 
 Isaac R. Mathiaa, died Oct. 8, '62. 
 
 James McCabe, Dec. 10, '64. 
 
 Saml. W. McCollum, Aug. 23, '61 ; died May 6, '62. 
 
 Camilla Meyer, Sept. 24, '64 ; discb. June 22, '65. 
 
 Alfred H. Miller. 
 
 Jobn E. Miller, Jan. 13, '65. 
 
 Thomas Miller, Nov. 12, '61 ; discb. Mar. 4, '62. 
 
 Edward J. Miller, Aug. 3, '64 ; died Sep. 28, '64. 
 
 Hezekiah Morton, must, out Aug. 19, '64. 
 
 John Moore, Nov. 29, '61; must, out July 12, 'H^>. 
 
 Exel Morey, disch. Mar. 14, '63. 
 
 Benjamin Morton, discb. Oct. 16, '62. 
 
 Japhet Mosbrooks, Feb. 13, '64; dis. Mar. L'S, '64. 
 
 Parker Mullica, died Mar. 27, '62. 
 
 Thomas Murray, Jan. 12, '65. 
 
 James Nash, Jan. 13, '65. 
 
 Israel Nicholas, disch. Feb. 19, '63. 
 
 Frank O'Neil, Dec. 8, '64. 
 
 Joseph Perrine. 
 
 William Phillips, Jan. 13, '6;".. 
 
 James Price,- Jan. 12, '65. 
 
 Robert S. Pine, must, out Oct. 14, '64. 
 
 Chas. Pharo, Nov. 12, '61 ; disch. Nov. 28, '62. 
 
 Charles Pulaski, Sept. 21, '64; dis. June 22, '65. 
 
 John Recourt, Oct. 4, '64; died June 5, '65. 
 
 James Eiley, Jan. 11, '65. 
 
 John Ryan, Jan. 19, '65. 
 
 Joseph Salvatore, Dec. 8, '64 ; disch. Mar. 21, '65. 
 
 Henry C. Shelmire, Feb. 29, '64. 
 
 George W. Shelmire, Feb. 29, '64. 
 
 John Shields, Nov. 29, '61 ; disch. July 9, '62. 
 
 William A. Smith, Jan. 11, '65. 
 
 John Smith, Jan. 11, '65. 
 
 William B. Smith, Jan. 11, '65. 
 
 William Smith, Jan. 13, '65 ; trans, to Co. A. 
 
 Lewis M. Silance, March 2, '65 ; trans, to Co. H. 
 
 John Snyder, Aug. 5, '61. 
 
 Uriah Spragg, Nov. 29, '61, disch. Nov. 4, '62. 
 
 F. Steinbock, Sept. 24, '64; must, out June 22, '65. 
 
 Samuel S. Stewart, must, out Sept. 13, '64. 
 
 Alfred Souders, must, out Aug. 21, '65. 
 
 Byard E. Turner, Nov. 12, '61 ; died at Anderson - 
 
 ville Sept. 5, '64. 
 Patrick Torney, Deo. 9, '64. 
 Jacob Walker, Sept. 21, '64; died Nov. 26, '64. 
 a. J. Walters, Feb. 26, '64 ; died May 31 , '64, of wds. 
 William H. Weeks, disch. May 19, '62. 
 James Ward, Sept. 16, '64. 
 Charles Woodward, killed in action June 27, '62. 
 
 COMPANY H, POUKTH EEGIMENT NEW JERSEY 
 
 VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 [This companj was mustered in August 17, 1861, and mustered out 
 
 July 9, 1865, unless otherwise stated.] 
 
 Captains. 
 John Reynolds, res. Sept. 6, '62. 
 
 Wm. R. Maxwell, Oct. 22, '62, died Feb. 28, '64. 
 Dav. Flannery, April 24, '64, vice Maxwell, dec. 
 
 First Lieutenants. 
 Thos. R. Grapewine, res. Oct. 17, '62. 
 Howard King, Oct. 21, '62, pr. capt. Co. C. 
 John Bradford, May 16, '63, dis. April 22, '65. 
 Griffin P. Lillis, June 4, '65. 
 
 Second Lieutenants. 
 Jas. W. Lowe, dis. Oct. 22, '61. 
 Chas. G. Hatch, Oct. 29, '61, res. Sept. 3, '63. 
 John V. Case, Sept. 16, '62, must, out Oct. 16, '64. 
 
 First Sergeants. 
 John McLean, Aug. 24, '61. 
 Jos. R. Wells, pr. tosgt.-maj., June 10, '63. 
 Joshua F. Stone, tr. to V. R. C. Feb. 15, '64. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 Abijah Doughty, Aug. 23, '61, m. out July 12, '65. 
 Thos. S. Bonney, pr. to ser.-maj. Aug. 20, '61. 
 Josiah Shaw, pr. 2d lieut. Co. B. 
 Geo. W. Marshal. 
 Abraham M. Tice. 
 Archibald Scott. 
 Wm. Criblier, dis. Oct. 18, '62. 
 Jas. B. Wells, dis. March 1, '63. 
 Edw. F. Kane, tr. to S. Corps Aug. 1, '63. 
 Charles W. Lowe, d. July 16, '62, of wounds. 
 
 Corporals. 
 John D. Cooper, Nov. 1, '61. 
 Geo. I. Risley, Nov. 10, '61, m. out July 6, '65. 
 Wm. C. Doughty, Oct. 18, '61. 
 John Cavanaugh, Feb. 23, '64. 
 John Van Hook. 
 
 Geo. Hoffman, Dec. 5, '61, m. out Aug. 17, '65. 
 Lewis Perney, dis. June 13, '65. 
 Christopher J. Mines, Jan. 21, '64, dis. Aug. 3, '65. 
 Ch. F. Currie, Aug. 23, '61, tr. to S. C. Aug. 1, '63. 
 Benj. F. Mitchell, d. July 20, '62, of wounds. 
 John Lyons, musician, Sept. 26, '61. 
 E. J. Strickland, m., Aug. 15, '61, dis. Aug. 20, '64. 
 Geo. D. Cook, muse, Sept. 23, '61, dis. Sept. 9, '62. 
 Wesley J. Price, wagoner, Nov. 10, '61. 
 
 Privates.' 
 Richard Ashworth, Sept. 30, '64, tr. to Co. A. 
 Francis R. Bavis, Aug. 24, '61, dis. Aug. 14, '62. 
 Moses Blan chard, Jan. 17, '65. 
 Peter Blanchard, April 3, '65. 
 John Bohen, Jan. 10, '65, tr. to Co. C. 
 John Bosse, Jan. 16, '65, tr. to Co. E. 
 Thos. Bozarth. 
 Peter Brunell, March 28, '65. 
 Michael Bush, Jan. 16, '65. • 
 David R. Brown, d. March 18, '65. 
 Michael Cahill, Jan. 17, '65. 
 
THE WAR FOR JHE UNION. 
 
 Ill 
 
 John Carpenter, Jan. 18, '65. 
 
 George H. Cassaboon, di3. Aug. 18, '65. 
 
 John Champion, Aug. 24, '61. 
 
 John Clark, Jan. 17, '65. 
 
 Henry Colbert, Feb. 4, '64. 
 
 Michael Conway, Jan. 17, '65. 
 
 Th. Clevenger, Feb. 5, '64, d. June 1, '64, of wds. 
 
 Joseph Connelly, Aug. 24, '61. 
 
 George Covvpe, Sept. 30, '64, tr. to Co. A. 
 
 John Dannenberger, dis. Oct. 14, '64. 
 
 Thomas Davis, Feb. 23, '64, taken prisoner. 
 
 Richard S. Davis, Feb. 4, '64. 
 
 Chas. H. Dilks, m. out Oct. 7, '64. 
 
 George Dilks, Nov. 1, '61, dis. Nov, 1, '64. 
 
 William Dolson, Feb. 22, '65. 
 
 David Doorman, July 23, '64. 
 
 John Dimond, Jan . 18, '65. 
 
 David Doughty, d. Aug, 4, '62, of wounds. 
 
 Frederick Drink water, April 4, '65. 
 
 Daniel Dugan, Jan. 17, '65. 
 
 James Eaton, Jan. 17, '65. 
 
 William Early, Jan. 15, '64, d. Aug. 26, '64. 
 
 Jesse G. Eastlack, d. March 27, '63, of wounds. 
 
 John Edwards, Jan. 15, '64. 
 
 Charles O. Eisele, Jan. 23, '64. 
 
 Charles Fabian, Jan. 14, '65. 
 
 Thomas Farrell, Jan. 17, '65. 
 
 Edward Fitzer, Feb. 8, '64, dis. Aug. 14, '65. 
 
 Thos. Fleet. 
 
 Corson Ford, Feb. 24, '65. 
 
 Edw. V. Force, Nov. 1, '61, killed .lune 27, '62. 
 
 George Garrison, Aug. 24, '61, dis. Sept. 22, '62. 
 
 D. Gaupp, Dec. 1, '61, d. Aug. 15, '64, in rebel pr. 
 Wm. J. Gibbs, Aug. 24, '61. 
 
 Th. Gibbs, Feb. 9, '64, dis. June 27, '65, of wounds. 
 
 .John Green, Jan. 16, '64. 
 
 Joseph Green. 
 
 John Guare, Jan. 18, '65. 
 
 Jacob Gwintert, March 28, '65. 
 
 Michael Haggerty, Jan. 18, '65. 
 
 Morgan Hall, Jan. 15, '64, killed May 12, '64. 
 
 James Hendricks, Sep. 3, '62, dis. May 3, '65. 
 
 James Higgins. 
 
 Thomas Hodgson, Aug. 24, '61, dis. March 3, '63. 
 
 Samuel HoflFman, Dec. 5, '61. 
 
 Henry Holeman, Nov. 1, '61 ; dis. April 14, '63. 
 
 John Horriden, Jan. 16, '63. 
 
 E. A. Jeffayes, Feb. 9, '64 ; tr. to V. R. C. July 27, '65. 
 Bowie Johnson, Jan. 16, '65. 
 
 Thomas Johnson, Jan. 18, '65. 
 
 Frank Jones, Nov. 1, '61 ; dis. March 22, '62. 
 
 William O. Johnson, trans, to 8. Corps. 
 
 Thomas Johnson, Nov. 10, '61. 
 
 Daniel Kane, Oct. 1, '63 ; died Sept. 6, '64, of wounds. 
 
 William Kelsey, Nov. 1, '61. 
 
 B. J. Kindle, Feb. 1, '64 ; died May 31, '64, of wounds. 
 William King, Jan. 18, '65. 
 
 Thomas King, Jan. 18, '65. 
 
 Joshua Korn, Nov. 1, '61 ; dis. May 4, '62. 
 
 John Lannigan, Aug. 23, '61 ; dis. Oct. 22, '61. 
 
 Theophilus Lane, .Ian. 15, '64. 
 
 William Leak, must, out Aug. 18, '64. 
 
 Lewis L. Liebenlist, Feb. 10, '64 ; dis- April 2, '64. 
 
 Henry Logan, March 25, '65. 
 
 Zachariah Martz. 
 
 John L. Maston, Jan. 18, '65. 
 
 James Mattson, dis. Sept. 24, '62. 
 
 John McClure, Aug. 23, 61 ; dis. June 4, '62. 
 
 Wm. McDowell, Jan. 11, '64 ; killed June 3, '64. 
 
 Lewis McPherson, must, out Aug. 19, '64. 
 
 William McClune, Jan. 17, '65. 
 
 John McLaughlin, Feb. 13, '64. 
 
 George W. Messick, dis. May 15, '62. 
 
 Charles Messner, Jan. 14, '65. 
 
 George Meyers, Nov. 1,'61 ; must, out July 9, '65. 
 
 Thomas Murphy, Jan. 17, '65. 
 
 George W. Mossbrooks, dis. Dec. 8, '62. 
 
 Jonathan Munson, Feb. 12, '64; killed May 6, '«4. 
 
 .Tohn Myers, Jan. 18, '66. 
 
 .Tohn W. Newell, Jan. 18, '65. 
 
 John Nolan, Jan. 17, '65. 
 
 Hugh Norry, Jan. 16, '65. 
 
 Robert J. Owens, Nov. 1, '61 ; dis. Oct. 17, '62. 
 
 John B. Pancoast, Aug. 23, '61; dis. Dec. 22, '62. 
 
 Charles W. Potter, Aug. 24, '61 ; killed June 27, '62. 
 
 George W. Phifer, Nov. 1, '61; dis. July 1, '65. 
 
 George T. Raybold, must, out Aug. 19, '64. 
 
 John W. Richmond, Feb. 22, '65. 
 
 John W. Rickard, Nov. 1, '61 ; dis. Nov. I, '64. 
 
 James Ross, Jan. 15, '64. 
 
 Elwood Robart, dis. Aug. 20, '62. 
 
 Aaron Rubart, Jan. 18, '65. 
 
 Bartholomew Ryan, Feb. 21, '65. 
 
 William H. Sanders, Nov. 10, '61. 
 
 William Sohenck. 
 
 John C. Schenck, Aug. 23, '61 ; dis. Jan. 17, '63. 
 
 Henry Schonawald, March 27, '65. 
 
 Charles Schwartz, dis. Aug. 19, '64. 
 
 John W. SchafFer, Jan. 4, '64. 
 
 Lewis M. Silance, March 2, '65. 
 
 James Smith, must, out Aug. 4, '65. 
 
 Herman Stehr, Aug. 21, '61; must, out Sept. 8, '64, 
 
 John W. Streeper, Feb. 1, '64; dis. June 28, '65. 
 
 Andrew R. Snyder, dis. Dec. 24, '62. 
 
 C. Stierle, Feb. 4, '64; died May 12, '64, of wounds. 
 Philip Stoy, Dec. 6, '61 ; died May 18, '62. 
 Demas Struap, Jan. 4, '65. 
 
 David Surran, Aug. 24, '61. 
 
 Joseph Thomas. 
 
 Walter B. Thomas, Nov. 8, '61. 
 
112 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Eli Thompson. 
 
 Sheppard Thompson, must, out July 22, '65. 
 
 Thomas Thompson. 
 
 Felix Thomas, killed in action May 5, '64. 
 
 John W. Thomas. 
 
 Archibald Tice. 
 
 Leonard Tice, killed in action Dec. 13, '62. 
 
 August Tubert, March 28, '65. 
 
 Cornelius Tubbs, Jan. 18, '65. 
 
 B. F. Upham, Aug. 22, '61 ; must, out Sept. 23, '64. 
 
 Joseph Van Hook, died Oct. 80, '62. 
 
 Benjamin Vernon, Oct. 28, '61 ; died June 29, '64. 
 
 William H. Wagner, must, out Aug. 20, '64. 
 
 John W. Walters. 
 
 Jacob Watson, Dec. 1, '61. 
 
 William Westcott, killed in action Dec. 13, '62. 
 
 Henry C. Williams, Dec. 1, '61 ; dis. Aug. 14, '62. 
 
 David Wood, Feb. 8, '64. 
 
 John W. Wood, Feb. 8, '64. 
 
 William Zanes, Dec. 5, '61. ■ 
 
 Jacob Zimmerman, Aug. 23, '61. 
 
 The Second Brigade. — Camden County 
 was also strongly represented in the Second 
 New Jersey Brigade of three years' troops, 
 which was composed of the Fifth, Sixth, 
 Seventh and Eighth Regiments. Companies 
 D, E, G, I and K, of the Sixth, were raised 
 in Camden County, and the regiment was 
 mustered into the United States service at 
 Camp Olden, Trenton, August 19, 1861. 
 The Sixth left the State on September 10th, 
 with thirty-eight commissioned officers and 
 eight hundred and sixty non-commissioned 
 officers and privates. At Washington it 
 went into camp at Meridian Hill, and in De- 
 cember the four regiments reported to Gen- 
 eral Hooker, at Budd's Ferry, Maryland, 
 when they were brigaded as the Third Bri- 
 gade, Hooker's division ; afterwards as the 
 Third Brigade, Second Division, Third 
 Corps ; then as the First Brigade, Fourth 
 Division, Second Corps ; and lastly as the 
 Third Brigade, Third Division, Second 
 Corps. 
 
 At Williamsburg, Virginia, May 5, 1862, 
 it was in the thickest of the battle, losing 
 overlive hundred men, among whom was 
 Lieutenant-Colonel John P. Van Leer, of the 
 Sixth, a citizen of Camden, and thirty-eight 
 
 killed and seventy-eight wounded, of the 
 same regiment. On June 1st, at Turner's 
 Farm, General Hooker placed himself at the 
 head of the Fifth and Sixth Regiments and 
 " charged straight into and through the 
 woods, breaking the rebel lines and driving 
 the encQiy in great confusion for a consider- 
 able distance, recovering all the ground lost 
 by Casey's division and ending the fight for 
 the day on that part of the line." 
 
 The other battles of the Peninsular Cam- 
 paign in which the Sixth took part were 
 Fair Oaks, June 25th; Glendale, June 30th; 
 and Malvern Hill, July It^t and August 20tli. 
 In this campaign the Second New Jersey 
 Brigade had six hundred and thirty-four of- 
 ficers and men killed and wounded out of its 
 total strength of twenty-seven hundred. 
 From the swamps it was moved to reinforce 
 Pope, and bore the brunt of the engagement 
 at Bristow Station, on July 27th, and was an 
 active participant in the fighting of the four 
 .succeeding days at Bull Run and Chantilly. 
 In this series of disastrous battles that 
 eclipsed Pope's military fame its ranks were 
 depleted to the extent of two hundred and 
 forty-eight killed, wounded and missing, the 
 Sixth's share being one hundred and four, 
 or more than double that of any other of the 
 four regiments. The report of Lieutenant- 
 Colonel George C. Burling, commanding the 
 Sixth, says,— 
 
 " Wednesday morning, August 27th, marched in 
 the direction of Manassas, and when near Bris- 
 tow's Station found the enemy in force. In a 
 short time we met the pickets and drove them in. 
 We were then ordered to take an advanced posi- 
 tion on a hill to the right in front of us, which we 
 gained without loss under a terrible fire of shell 
 from the enemy. We were then ordered to relieve 
 the Second New York, Eighth New Jersey and 
 One Hundred and Fifteenth Pennsylvania Eegi- 
 inents, who were engaged on the right. Immedi- 
 ately on reaching our new position, the enemy 
 fled in great confusion, leaving their dead and 
 wounded in great numbers on the field. We pur- 
 sued them for two miles and encamped for the 
 night. August 28th, pursued the enemy through 
 
THE WAR FOR THE UNION. 
 
 113 
 
 the day and encamped near Blackburn's Ford that 
 night. 
 
 " August 29th, left camp at three o'clock, A. m.^ 
 pursuing the enemy through Centreville, down 
 the Warrington Road. Crossing Bull Run at ten 
 A. M., we formed a line of battle and advanced, in 
 the woods, to relieve one of General Sigel's regi- 
 ments, where we found the enemy in force behind 
 the embankment of an old railroad. After deliv- 
 ering and receiving several volleys, we charged 
 and drove them from their position, when they re- 
 ceived reinforcements, and were compelled to fall 
 back nearly fifty yards, which position we held 
 until we were relieved by the Second Maryland 
 Regiment. During this engagement Colonel G. 
 Mott and Major S. R. Gilkyson, while gallantly 
 encouraging their men, were wounded. 
 
 " August 30th, formed a line of battle about 
 four o'clock, P. M., and were ordered to support 
 batteries to the right and rear of the position we 
 had held the day before- Through some misun- 
 derstanding, my regiment being on the right, the 
 other regiments composing the brigade were with- 
 drawn without my knowledge, leaving me in a 
 very critical position. The enemy makin g a charge 
 upon the batteries in front, compelling them to 
 fall back, I determined to resist their advance, 
 when to my astonishment I found we were flanked 
 right and left ; I then ordered the regiment to fall 
 back in the woods, which was done in order, and 
 thus checked the advance of the enemy in front. At 
 this time, finding the flanks of the enemy rapidly 
 closing round us, the only safety for my command 
 was to retreat. In trying to extricate ourselves 
 from the critical position in which we were placed 
 my command suffered severely. I was enabled to 
 rally my regiment on a hill in close proximity to 
 the battle-field, under the shell of the enemy, 
 where we remained in line of battle until ordered 
 by the ranking officer to fall back to Centreville, 
 where we joined the brigade the following morn- 
 ing." 
 
 Captains T. W. Baker and T. C. Moore 
 are alluded to as displaying especial gal- 
 lantry. 
 
 At Chancellorsville, on May 3, 1863, Gen- 
 eral Mott having been wounded, General 
 William J. Sewell ' took command of the 
 brigade and distinguished himself by taking 
 it into a charge Avhich a correspondent of the 
 
 1 See history of West .Jersey Railroad in chapter on 
 Public Internal Improvements for sketch of General 
 Sewell. 
 
 15 
 
 Washington Chronicle described as " one of 
 those splendid achievements seldom occur- 
 ring in this war so far, but which, when oc- 
 curring, cover a soldier's career with imper- 
 ishable glory." The brigade's loss in this 
 engagement was three hundred and seventy- 
 eight, six killed and fifty-nine wounded be- 
 ing credited to the Sixth. 
 
 Colonel Burling was commander of this 
 brigade at Gettysburg, where it did noble 
 service on the afternoon of July 2d. He sent 
 the Sixth into the Devil's Den, where it lost 
 one man killed and thirty-two wounded. 
 
 The next engagement for the Sixth after 
 Gettysburg was the skirmish at McLean's 
 Ford, on Bull Run, October 15th. On May 
 6, 1864, in the Wilderness, and on the 10th 
 and 12th, around Spottsylvania Court-House, 
 it was in the most perilous positions of those 
 hard-fought fields, and behaved with much 
 gallantry in the charge on the salient held 
 by Ewell's Confederates, in which three 
 thousand prisoners and thirty guns were 
 taken. Adjutant C. F. Moore and Lieuten- 
 ant Note brought off one of these guns with 
 a squad of the Sixth and turned it upon the 
 enemy. Seven hundred men, killed and 
 wounded, were subtracted from the brigade 
 on that terrible 12th of May. 
 
 Between June 3d and 21st the Sixth partici^ 
 pated in the fighting on the north bank of 
 the James River, and the attacks on Peters- 
 burg. Its losses in May and June were six- 
 teen killed, ninety-nine wounded and eight 
 missing. Its final engagement was near 
 Deep Bottom, James River, August 14th to 
 18th, when, its three years of service having 
 expired, it was ordered to report at Trenton, 
 and was mustered out September 7th. 
 
 The roster of the Camden County com- 
 panies of this regiment is appended : 
 
 COMPANY D, SIXTH REGIMENT NEW JERSEY VOL- 
 UNTEERS, 
 
 [This company was mustered in August 26, 1861, and mustered out 
 September 7, 1864, unless otherwise stated]. 
 
 Captain. 
 Geo. E. Wilson, Sept. 9,'61, must, out Sept. 7, '64. 
 
114 
 
 HISTOKY OF CAMDEN COUNT-Y, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 First Lieutenants. 
 J. Willian, Sept. 9, '61, pro. capt. Co. C July 11, '62. 
 T. F. Field, Jan. 2, '63, pro. capt. Co. H June 9,'63. 
 F. Young, Sept. 21, 63, pro. capt. Co. I Aug. 8, '64. 
 
 Second Lieutenant . 
 Wm. H. Kinly, Sept. 9, '61, resig. Jan. 11, '63. 
 
 First Sergeants- 
 Pat. Riley, Aug. 9, "61, killed in action May 5, '62. 
 Thos. J. Keegan, trans, to Co. G, 8th Eegt. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 Eli H. Baily. 
 Mahlon F. Ivins. 
 
 Wm. D. Smith, disch. Nov. 21, '63. 
 Joseph Wollard, killed in action May 5, '62. 
 Edgar Hudson, killed in action July 2, '63. 
 
 Corporals. 
 Amos Ireland. 
 
 Thos. B. Jordan, disch. Dec. 29, '62. 
 Thos. Bates, Sr., disch. Oct. 15, '62, of wounds. 
 Frank W. Pike, trans, to Co. G, 8th Eegt. 
 John E. Maxwell, disch. Sept. 1, '64. 
 Wm. C. Poole, trans, to V. R. C. Sept. 1, '63. 
 Samuel Ogden, disch. Aug. 26, '64. 
 Jesse T. Bailey, killed in action May 3, '63. 
 Chas. F. Jess, musician. 
 Jas. Pollock, musician, disch. July 3, '62. 
 Chas. C. Sturgess, musician, disch. Aug. 25, '64. 
 Jacob Clark, wagoner, Oct. 19, '61. 
 8. W. Crammer, wagoner, trans, to Co. G, 8th Eegt. 
 
 Privates. 
 Christian Anderson, must, out April 1, '65. 
 James Abernathy, disch. Dec. 11, '62. 
 Eobert Anderson, Aug. 9, '61. 
 Wm. D. Anderson, Aug. 9, '61. 
 Daniel P. Bendalow, trans, to Co. G, 8th Eegt. 
 John Berry man. 
 Thomas Barrott. 
 Eobert N. Black. 
 Wm. Black. 
 James Bradley. 
 
 Henry Black, trans, to Co. G, 8th Eegt. 
 Eobert Booth, must, out Aug. 2, '64. 
 J. T. Boyle, June 30, '63, trans, to Co. G, 8th Eegt. 
 Patrick Boylon. 
 Wm. E. Britton. 
 James P. Britton. 
 Allen Brown. 
 
 James Booth, disch. July 24, '62. 
 Thos. Bottomly, disch. Jan. 29, '63. 
 Conrad Briokhardt, May 25, '64, disch. Nov. 21, '64. 
 Jos. P. Busha, disch. Feb. 11, '64. 
 Michael Campbell. 
 Thomas Calvert, disch. May 26, '62. 
 John Cloren, died Oct. 11, '62. 
 
 Timothy Cloren, killed in action May 5, '62. 
 
 Wm. Conard. 
 
 Jacob Cowan, Aug. 29,'61, trans, to Co. G, 8th Eegt. 
 
 Woodard Cox, disch. Dec. 1, '62, of wounds. 
 
 Joseph P. Davis, trans, to Co. G, 8th Eegt. 
 
 Henry Deats, trans, to Co. G, 8th Eegt. 
 
 James Devlin. 
 
 John Dowell, trans, to Co. G, 8th Eegt. 
 
 Samuel English. 
 
 Joseph L. Ervin, disch. Dec. 11, '61. 
 
 John Fitzgerald, killed in action May 5, '62. 
 
 J. W. Ford, April 2, '62, killed in action May 5,'62. 
 
 Thomas Gannon. 
 
 Charles P. Garmon, trans, to Co. G, 8th Regt. 
 
 John Gannon, disch. Sept. 22, '62. 
 
 John Gourley, disch. Sept. 1, '62. 
 
 Jos. Graisberry, disch. Feb. 18, '63- 
 
 James Groves, disch. March 18, '62. 
 
 John Groves, disch. Oct. 8, '62. 
 
 Wm. Groves, trans, to Co. G, 8th Eegt. 
 
 John Hanery, March 27, '63, disch. July 15, '63. 
 
 John Hare, disch. Feb. 6, '63. 
 
 Henry Harney, disch. Feb. 6, '63, to join Reg. A'y. 
 
 James Herron, disch. Oct. 17, '62. 
 
 Charles Holmes, disch. May 31, '62. 
 
 John Harley. 
 
 Alexander Harvey. 
 
 Benjamin W. Hill. 
 
 G. H. Holmes, died May 10, '62, of wounds. 
 
 Eobert Irvine. 
 
 Hiram Irvin, disch. Dec. 11, '61. 
 
 Levi Jess. 
 
 Henry Johnson, Feb. 17, '62, disch. Jan. 2, '63. 
 
 John T. Johnson, disch. Jan. 2, '63. 
 
 Michael Joy, May 16,'64, trans, to Co. G, 8th Eegt. 
 
 John Kentworthy. 
 
 Thos. H. King, disch. Oct. 19, '62. 
 
 John Kochersperger, disch. July 24, '62. 
 
 J. P. Langley, Sept. 23,'64, trans, to Co. E, 8th Eegt. 
 
 Albert C. Lee, Sept. 8,'64,trans. to Co. H, 8th Eegt. 
 
 Matthew Larney. 
 
 Thos. Marrott, disch. Oct. 25, '62. 
 
 Eobert Marshall, died Feb. 18, '62. 
 
 James McCormick, disch. April 18, '63. 
 
 James McElmoil, disch. Oct. 17, '62. 
 
 John McHenry, disch. Dec. 9, '61. 
 
 Henry D. Morgan, died June 1, '62, of wounds. 
 
 Francis Nield, disch. Nov. 29, '62. 
 
 John O'Neil, July 21, '63. 
 
 Jos. Parks, killed in action May 5, '62. 
 
 Wm. Parker, disch. May 17, '64. 
 
 Theodore Pike, died March 14, '62. 
 
 W. C. Poole, Aug. 19, '64, trans, to Co. G, 8th Eegt. 
 
 Lewis G. Pratt, disch. Sept. 27, '62. 
 
 Edgar F. Eoby. 
 
J- -^ no^^^ r 
 
 i'/f?J-t) 
 
THE WAR FOR THE UNION. 
 
 115 
 
 Wm. H. Robust, died Nov. 26, '62. 
 Tbomas D. Ross, died Feb. 12, '62. 
 Jas. Ryan, March 22,'64, killed in action May 6,'64. 
 David Salmons, Feb. 18, '62, disch. Feb. 17, '65. 
 John Sheppard, disch. Dec. 31, '62. 
 Henry Shafter, disch. Sept. 24, '61. 
 Thomas Sinclair, disch. Sept. 24, '61. 
 Aaron Stone, disch. Feb. 28, '63. 
 Thomas R. Smallwood. 
 
 Wm. Terry, Jan. 26, '64, trans, to Co. G, 8th Regt. 
 James Tomlinson. 
 James Totten. 
 Charles Van Meter. 
 Eber Van Meter. 
 
 Henry Westlake, Sept. 22, '64, disch. Jan. 13, '66. 
 J. M. Webster, Sept. 9,'63, trans, to Co. K, 8th Regt. 
 Frederick Whorten. 
 
 J. Wolohon, June 30,'63, ti-ans. to Co. G, 8th Regt. 
 Captain George E. Wilson was born 
 at Woonsocket, E.. I., February 10, 1835. 
 His grandfather, the Eev. James Wilson, a de- 
 scendant of one of the early settlers of New 
 England, in 1800 became one of the first 
 public-school teachers in the city of Provi- 
 dence, where the free-school system in Amer- 
 ica then originated. As a minister of the 
 gospel he served during the long period of 
 fifty years as pastor of the Beneficent Con- 
 gregational Church of Providence, and died 
 highly honored and respected at the advanced 
 age of eighty years. 
 
 James Wilson, his son, and the father of 
 Henry B., James P. and George E. Wilson, 
 was treasurer of the New England Screw 
 Company, at Providence, for a time. He 
 moved to Camden County in 1849, and for 
 many years was treasurer of the Washington 
 Manufacturing Company, of Gloucester City, 
 until age compelled him to resign, and he 
 spent the remainder of his life in Camden. 
 He was a man of sterling integrity, deeply 
 interested in the material and moral welfare 
 of the communities in which he lived, and a 
 prominent member of the Protestant Epis- 
 copal Church. He died in 1882, at the age 
 of eighty years. 
 
 Captain Wilson, subject of this biography, 
 spent his boyhood days in Providence, and 
 there attended the public schools and subse- 
 
 quently was a pupil in a Friends' school in 
 Philadelphia. He entered business as a clerk 
 for the Washington Manufacturing Company, 
 at Gloucester, and afterwards engaged in the 
 ice business in the same city. When the 
 Civil War opened he joined Captain John P. 
 Van Leer's company in the three months' 
 service, and upon arriving at Trenton was 
 mustered in, April 21, 1861, as first lieuten- 
 ant of Company H of the Fourth New Jersey 
 Militia. This regiment was taken down the 
 Delaware to Annapolis in transports, and 
 was the first fully-equipped brigade at the 
 outbreak of the war to arrive at the city ol 
 Washington. The same regiment built Fort 
 Runyon, at the south end of the Long Bridge 
 over the Potomac near Washington, and was 
 present at the first battle of Bull Run, though 
 not actively engaged. At the expiration of 
 the term of sprvice he came home with the 
 regiment, and immediately after being dis- 
 charged re-enlisted with Captain Van Leer, 
 in Company D of the Sixth New Jersey 
 Regiment, and was mustered in as captain 
 of the company. Captain Van Leer being 
 promoted to major. The Sixth Regiment 
 formed a part of the Second New Jersey 
 Brigade, and in 1862, under General Mc- 
 Clellan, took part in the Peninsular cam- 
 paign. Captain Wilson commanded his 
 company at the siege of Yorktown, and in 
 the succeeding engagement of this campaign 
 at Williamsburg, May 5, 1862, he was se- 
 verely wounded in the hand and hip, as the 
 army was on the retreat and he fell into the 
 hands of the enemy, but the following day 
 was recovered. After his wounds had healed, 
 in August, 1862, he rejoined his regiment and 
 again took charge of his company. In 1863 
 he participated in the battles of Fredericks- 
 burg, Chancellorsville and Gettysburg. In 
 July of the same year he was detached from 
 his regiment to take charge of the camp of 
 drafted men at Trenton, and remained in 
 that position until the expiration of his term 
 of three years' service, in 1864. 
 
116 
 
 HISTORY OF OAMDBN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Since the close of the war Captain Wilson, 
 has been actively engaged in the ice and 
 coal business in the city of Camden, has built 
 up an extensive trade and has been very 
 successful. He obtains his ice in immense 
 quantities from the Eastern States and from 
 Lakeside Park, and furnishes it to consumers 
 in the city of Camden and elsewhere. He 
 also has a coal-yard at Second and Chestnut 
 Streets and one at Tenth and Spruce Streets. 
 He is a member of the Thomas K. Lee Post, 
 G. A. E., and has taken an active interest in 
 the Masonic fraternity, being a member of 
 Lodge 94, Siloam Chapter, No. 19, Cyrene 
 Commandery of Camden; has taken the 
 thirty-second degree in Masonrj', and was 
 Grand Commander of Knights Templar 
 of West Jersey for 1880 and 1881. 
 
 On October 12, 1865, Captain Wilson was 
 married to Matilda M., daughter of Dr. 
 William C. Mulford, of Gloucester. She 
 died in 1869, leaving two children, — Emilie 
 D. and George Edward. He was married, 
 on the 19th of November, 1872, to Maria 
 W. Jackson, daughter of Ephraim S. Jack- 
 son, a prominent citizen of Providence, R. I., 
 and for twelve years postmaster of that city. 
 They have two children, — Benjamin J. and 
 Rachael Graham Wilson. 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 
 [This company was mustered in August 26, 1861, and miistered out 
 September 7, 1864, unless otherwise stated,] 
 
 Captains. 
 
 Edmund G. Jackson, Sept. 9, '61, dis. Oct. 18, '62. 
 
 William H. Hemsing, Jan. 2, '63, vice Jackson, dis. 
 
 First Lieutenant. 
 
 Frederick Homer, Jan. 2, '63, dis. July 14, '64. 
 
 Second Lieutenants. 
 
 Levi E. Ayres, Mar. 2, '63, pr. 1st lieut. Co. F. 
 
 George W. Breen, Sept. 2, '63, pr. 1st lieut. Co. B. 
 
 First Sergeant. 
 
 George W. Jackson, pr. 1st lieut. Co. H. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 
 William H. Schwaab. 
 
 Anthony Barnard, dis. July 1, '62. 
 
 James Albright, trans, to Co. F, 8th Regt. 
 
 Charles G. P. Goforth, d. Sept. 1, '64, of wounds. 
 
 Corporals. 
 Count De Grasse Hogan, dis. Aug. 25, '62. 
 Jacob Gerhard, dis. Mar. 21, '63. 
 Benjamin H. Connelly, trans, to Co. I, 8th Regt. 
 Frederick O. Lowe, trans, to Co. F, 8th Regt. 
 Charles H. Rossiter, dis. Aug. 6, '64. 
 John Brown, trans, to Co. I, 8th Regt. 
 Thomas Matthews, dis. Nov. 14, '65. 
 Adam Wooley, killed May 9, '64. 
 James Herbert, killed May 3, '63. 
 Ed. G. Jackson. Jr., mus., trans, to Co. F. 8th Eegt. 
 William G. Gorden, mus. 
 Charles Fox, wagoner. 
 
 Privates. 
 Frederick M. Adams, June 9, '64, dis. Sept. 22, '64. 
 Robert H. Ames, trans, to Co. F, 8th Regt. 
 Michael Bayne, killed May 5, '62. 
 George Baltzer, dis. Mar. 24, '65. 
 Patchie Barry. 
 
 George Bower, trans, to Co. F, 8th Regt 
 Charles R. Bechtel, killed May 5, '62. 
 Joseph Bozer, dis. Nov. 29, '62. 
 David R. Burton, dis. Jan. 12, '63. 
 Charles Brown. 
 
 Alfred Biddle, died May 25, '62, of wounds. 
 Alfred B. Carter, Apr. 3, '62, dis. Jan 19, '63. 
 William H. Carey. 
 Jesse Cain, died Aug. 22, '62. 
 Edward J. Casaady. 
 George Cobb, dis. Feb. 16, '63. 
 Michael Collins, dis. Dec. 5, '62. 
 Restore L. Crispin, dis. Mar. 6, '63. 
 Chs. C. Cullen, Feb. 2, '64, trans to Co. F, 8th Eegt. 
 Job J. Davidson, trans, to Co. F, 8th Regt. 
 Thomas Dougherty. 
 Michael Eagan. 
 
 Charles O. Easley, dis. Oct. 22, '62. 
 Ralph Easley, died May 20, '62, of wounds. 
 Charles Elliott. 
 
 Lemuel Edwards, dis. Feb. 4, '63. 
 Charles Fennimore, dis. Aug. 5, '62. 
 William Fields, killed Aug. 29, '62. 
 Charles Fredericks, Dec. 14, '63. 
 Hiram Fish, Nov. 1, '61, dis. May 21, '63. 
 Frank Gordon. 
 Charles Gotz. 
 
 Archibald M. Grant, dis. Dec. 3, '62. 
 Joseph F. Greenly, dis. Oct. 21, '62. 
 Chris. Grandan, Feb. 2, '64, trans, to 16th Mass. Regt. 
 Chandler Gross, trans, to Co. F, 8th Regt. 
 John W. Guptill, trans, to Co. F, 8th Regt. 
 William Hartman, trans, to Co. F, 8th Regt. 
 William Hamlin, killed Aug. 29, '62. 
 Charles Helmers, trans, to Co. F, 8th Regt. 
 David Herbert, trans, to Co. F, 8th Regt. 
 
THE WAR FOR THE UNION. 
 
 117 
 
 Joseph Herbert, trans, to Co. F, 8th Eegt. 
 
 S. R. Hankinson, Mar. 15, '62, dis. Dec. 16, '62, wds. 
 
 Joseph S. Heston. 
 
 Charles M. Hoagland, trans, to Co. F, 8th Eegt. 
 
 William Hoffman, trans, to 1st N. J. Art. 
 
 Dayid Holloway, trans, to Co. F, 8th Regt. 
 
 Walter Hill. 
 
 Loren Horner, May 18, '62, dis. Sept. 13, '64. 
 
 Alfred Ivins. 
 
 Thos. Jacobs, Apl. 2, '62, trans, to Co. F, 8th Regt. 
 
 Richard Jobes, dis. Oct. 22, '62. 
 
 Edward Johnson, trans, to Co. F, Sth Regt. 
 
 Thomas Jones, killed Aug. 29, '62. 
 
 Lewis Keller, trans, to Co. F, 8th Regt. 
 
 Nicholas Lambright, dis. May 22, '62. 
 
 Isaac K. Lapp. 
 
 Samuel W. Lilly, died June 1, '62, of wounds. 
 
 Lawrence Lockner, dis. Mar. 23, '63. 
 
 Charles Matlack, dis. Jan. 12, '63. 
 
 William Matthews, dis. Mar. 19, '62. 
 
 Joseph McCarty, dis. Mar. 18, '62. 
 
 William McClain. 
 
 William MeClure. 
 
 William McCready, trans, to V. R. C. Jan. 15,'64. 
 
 John McNish. 
 
 Edw. A. Meyer, Feb. 8, '64, trans, to Co. F, 8th Regt. 
 
 Henry Naylor. 
 
 John J. Olden, trans, to Co. F, Sth Regt. 
 
 Henry Paul. 
 
 Charles H. Pierce, dis. Nov. 26, '63. 
 
 Clayton Pope, dis. June 13, '62. 
 
 William Pope. 
 
 Samuel E. Radcliff. 
 
 Thomas C. Ralston, dis. Oct. 15, '62. 
 
 William T. Ralph, dis. Aug. 27, '64. 
 
 Edward J. Reynolds, dis. April 21, '63. 
 
 William Rianhard. 
 
 Wesley Robinson, died June 6, '62, of wounds. 
 
 Jacob Schenck, trans, to Co. P, 8th Regt. 
 
 Fred. Schlegel, Feb. 16, '64, trans, to Co. F, 8th Regt. 
 
 Jacob Seigrist, dis. Oct. 22, '62. 
 
 Alexander A. Smith, dis. Aug. 30, '64. 
 
 John Smith, April 21, '64, trans, to Co. F, Sth Regt. 
 
 Joseph Simpson, May 17, '64. 
 
 Henry Stanmire. 
 
 Joseph Steen. 
 
 Charles W. Steele, trans, to Co. F, Sth Regt. 
 
 Jona'n Strouse, May 11, '64, trans, to Co. F, Sth Regt. 
 
 Thomas S. Stewart, dis. Jan. 3, '63. 
 
 William H. Stewart, dis. Dec. 12, '61. 
 
 Joseph Stoeckle, must, out Oct. 6, '64. 
 
 Zebulon Tompkins. 
 
 Geo. W. Wade, Mar. 30, '64, trans, to Co. F, Sth Regt. 
 
 Andrew J. Wallace, trans, to Co. F, Sth Regt. 
 
 Samuel N. Wilmot, trans, to Co. F, Sth Regt. 
 
 John Wilson, Jan. 4, '64, trans, to Co. F, Sth Regt. 
 Wm. Wilson, Sept. 7, '64, trans, to Co. I, Sth Regt. 
 Joseph M. White. 
 
 Thomas J. Whittaker, dis. Jan. 2, '63. 
 Thomas Van Brunt, killed Aug. 29, '62. 
 
 COMPANY G. 
 [This company was mustered in August %, 1861, and mustered out 
 with regiment unless otherwise stated.] 
 
 Captains. 
 Theo. W. Baker, Sept. 9, '61 ;pro. maj. Oct. 9, '62. 
 Louis M. Morris, Jan. 2, '63, vice Baker, pro. 
 
 First Lieutenants. 
 Chas. F. Moore, Jan. 1, '63; pro. adjt. Jan. 1, '63. 
 Rufus K. Case, Jan. 1, '63. 
 
 Second Lieutenants. 
 John K. Brown, Sept. 9, '61 ; res. July 11, '62. 
 J. C. Lee, Jan. 2, '63 ; pro. 1st It. Co. C June 9, '63. 
 
 First Sergeants. 
 Benjamin D. Brown, pro. 2d It. Co. I June 23, '62. 
 Joseph T. Note, pro. 2d lieut. Co. K Jan. 11, '63. 
 James A. Morris. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 John H. Hoagland, pro. 2d It. Co. C Jan. 16, '63. 
 Joseph H. McClees, dis. May 22, '62. 
 Edwin Mitchell, killed May 5, '62. 
 Charles E. Githens, died June 21, '62, of wounds. 
 Jacob B. Johnson, died Jan. 5, '63. 
 Joseph B, Moore, dis. Aug. 26, '64. 
 George W. Farrow, dis. Aug. 27, '64. 
 Charles Brough, trans, to Co. H, Sth Regt. 
 Howard S. Moore. 
 
 Corporals. 
 John L. Bullock. 
 James S. Porch. 
 
 Leopold W. Rossmaier, dis. Aug. 29, '64. 
 John North, dis. Feb. 19, '63. 
 Charles W. North, died May 5, '63, of wounds. 
 Lewis Drummond. 
 
 George L. Baker, mus. ; trans, to Co. E, Sth Regt. 
 Henry Bender, Jr., musician. 
 
 Privates. 
 William Adams, dis. May 30, '62. 
 John Allen, dis. Dec. 10, '61. 
 Benjamin Anderson, dis. May 22, '62. 
 James V. Anderson, trans, to Co. E, Sth Regt. . 
 Andrew Benner, May 24, '64, 
 James Blake, May 24, '64. 
 William Burke, May 19, '64. 
 James Burus, May 24, '64. 
 
 Benjamin F. Budd, Oct. 31, '61 ; killed Aug. 29, '62. 
 James Budd, killed May 5, '62. 
 John P. Burroughs, killed May 5, '62. 
 Theodore M. Cattell, trans, to Co. E, Sth Eegt. 
 Robert Campbell, May 24, '64. 
 
118 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Joseph Cardisser, May 20, '64. 
 
 William Charlton, May 24, '64. 
 
 John Cheesman, Sept. 28, '61 ; dis. Sept. 21, '64. 
 
 John H. Crammer, dis. Jan. 2, '63. 
 
 James B. Cox. 
 
 Henry Day, May 24, '64. 
 
 Samuel Davidson. 
 
 Samuel Dermot, died June 14, '62. 
 
 Charles W. Devinney, dis. June 2, '62. 
 
 Daniel W-. Donan, May 23, '64. 
 
 Josiah Dickson, dis. June 11, '63. 
 
 William E. Eastlack. 
 
 Albert C. English, dis. May 29, '62. 
 
 Frank Farrow, died Oct. 11, '62. 
 
 William Feltman, dis. Oct. 13, '62. 
 
 Henry Firth, dis. Jan. 2, '63. 
 
 John I. Gardner. 
 
 Frank Gates, May 24, '64. 
 
 Thomas Gladden. 
 
 Giles Gleason, May 19, '64. 
 
 James Gillean, dis. Dec. 10, '61. 
 
 Charles B. Green, dis. May 31, '62. 
 
 Horace L. Haines, Oct. 3, '61 ; dis. Oct. 15, '62. 
 
 John Hardy, May 16, '64 ; trans, to Co. E, 8th Eegt. 
 
 Philip Hart, May 19, '64. 
 
 Charles Hires, dis. Oct. 11, '62. 
 
 Joseph HofSinger, trans, to Co. E, 8th Eegt. 
 
 John Hogan, May 20, '64. 
 
 John W. Holmes, trans, to Co. E, 8th Eegt. 
 
 John Horn, died June 26, '62. 
 
 Sylvanus Ireland, killed May 5, '62. 
 
 Thomas Ivins, dis. Feb. 25, '63. 
 
 Robert Johnson, May 23, '64. 
 
 Charles Jones, May 19, '64. 
 
 William Jones, dis. Oct. 17, '62. 
 
 Justice S. Kerbaugh, dis. July 24, '62. 
 
 Charles Layman, dis. July 24, '62. 
 
 William Lee. 
 
 Charles Letts, dis. Sept. 7, '64. 
 
 Thomas Lynch, May 23, '64. 
 
 James Mackinall, killed May 5, '62. 
 
 John Macktoff, dis. May 22, '62. 
 
 Thomas Marshall, May 16, '64. 
 
 William E. Maling. 
 
 John Mathys, May 23, '64. 
 
 Giovanni Martini, May 20, '64; tr. to Co. E,8th Eegt. 
 
 John McAllister, May 24, '64. 
 
 Edw. McArdle, Dec. 30, '63 ; tr. to Co. E, 8th Eegt. 
 
 Patrick McAvoy, trans, to Co. E, 8th Eegt. 
 
 Michael Morgan, dis. Dec. 11, '63. 
 
 Daniel Murry, dis. May 28, '64. 
 
 Michael Nicholson, killed in action May 5, '62. 
 
 Michael O'Neil, trans, to Co. K. 
 
 Benjamin Ong, dis. May 31, '62. 
 
 Peter L. Owens, Oct. 31, '61 ; dis. June 6, '62. 
 
 John S. Owens, trans, to Co. E, 8th Eegt. 
 
 Charles Owens, killed in action May 5, '62. 
 
 Frederick Parker, May 18, '64. 
 
 Timothy Parker. 
 
 Nicholas S. Parker. 
 
 Ward Pierce (1), dis. June 28, '62. 
 
 Ward Pierce (2), Dec. 30, '63 ; tr. to Co. E, 8th Eegt. 
 
 Eead M. Price, died Sept. 15, '62, of wounds. 
 
 James Phalin, May 23, '64. 
 
 William Powell. 
 
 Francis Eawlings, May 19, '64. 
 
 Franklin Eead, killed in action May 3, '63. 
 
 Louis Eevear, May 23, '64. 
 
 Force Ehoads, trans, to Co. E, 8th Eegt. 
 
 Amos Eobb, dis. May 22. '62. 
 
 George Schenck, killed in action May 5, '62. 
 
 Philip H. Schenck, Jr., killed in act. May 5, '62. 
 
 James B. Scott, Mar. 8, '62 ; dis. Aug. 8, '63. 
 
 Henry Seabury, dis. Aug. 26, '64. 
 
 Joseph H. Sooy, Nov. 5, '62; dis. Mar. 11, '63. 
 
 Luke Sooy, dis. Feb. 17, '63. 
 
 George P. Stiles, Apr. 16, '62 ; tr. to Co. E, 8th Eegt. 
 
 Thos. S. Tanier, Feb. 3, '64; tr. to Co. E, 8th Eegt. 
 
 Thomas Taylor. 
 
 Charles A. Thomas. 
 
 Maxwell T. Toy, dis. May 31, '62. 
 
 Andrew J. Ware, paroled prisoner. 
 
 John Watson, tr. to Co. E, 8th Eegt. 
 
 Samuel Watson, killed in action May 6, '64. 
 
 James M. West, tr. to Co. E, 8th Eegt. 
 
 George L. White, dis. Dec. 19, '63. 
 
 William Wiltsey, tr. to Co. E, 8th Eegt. 
 
 William Wilson, died May 17, '62. 
 
 James Young, tr. to Co. E, 8th Eegt. 
 
 Malica Zimmerman, died July 26, '62. 
 
 COMPANY I, SIXTH REGIMENT NEW JERSEY 
 VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 {This company was mustered in August 29, 1861, and mustered out 
 with regiment unless otherwise stated). 
 
 Captains. 
 Eichard H. Lee, Sept. 9, '61, res. Aug. 12, '63. 
 Benjamin D. Coley, Oct. 27, '63, res. Apl. 12, '64. 
 
 First Lieutenants. 
 T. M. K. Lee,Sep. 9, '61, pr. capt. Co. K Jan. 16, '68. 
 Joseph T. Note, Sep. 21, '63. 
 
 Second Lieutenants. 
 T. f; Field, Sep. 9, '61, pr 1st It. Co. D June 23, '62. 
 C. F. Moore, June 23, '62, pr 1st It. Co. G Dec. 1,'62. 
 Benj. D. Brown, Jan. 2, '63, res. May 22, '63. 
 
 First Sirgednts. 
 Joseph C. Lee, pr. sgt. maj. Feb. 26, 'B2. 
 Edmond Carels, tr. to Co. E, 8th Eegt. 
 
THE WAR FOB THE UNION. 
 
 119 
 
 John E. Loeb. 
 
 Benjamin W. Perkins. 
 
 Stevenson Leslie. 
 
 William C. Lee, tr. to Co. F, 8ih Eegt. 
 
 Charles F. Dicksen, killed in action June 18, '64. 
 
 Corporals. 
 Oliver K. Collins. 
 Albert S. Newton. 
 Jacob M. Parks. 
 Joseph M. Ross. 
 
 Richard C. Haines, disch. Sep. 12, '63. 
 George W. King, disch. Sep. 5, '64. 
 Samuel Taylor, disch, Aug. 31, '64. 
 Charles W. Lane, killed in action May 5, '62. 
 William F. Hessel, killed in action June 16, '64. 
 G. W. Mooney, died And*sonville, Ga. Aug. 6, '64- 
 William S. Chew, musician. 
 William Wilson, musician. 
 James Schooley, wagoner. 
 
 Private). 
 John P. Alford. 
 
 William Ascough, disch. Aug. 29, '64. 
 Favel Baptiste, May 24, '64. 
 William Bates, tr. to Co. F, 8th Eegt. 
 Wesley Bates, Oct. 18, '61, disch. Dec. 12, '62. 
 Joseph Beebe, Jan. 12, '64, died July 8, '64. 
 Alfred Breyer, Nov. 23, '61, died July 28, '64. 
 Eben. Beebe, Jan. 12, '64, tr. to Co. F, 8th Regt. 
 Josiah Beebe, Jan. 30, '64, tr. to Co. F, 8th Regt. 
 William S. Bradford, tr. to Co. F, 8th Regt. 
 Joseph Brown (2), Apl. 14, '64. 
 William Brown, killed in action May 6, '64. 
 Joseph Brown (1), disch. Apl. 18, '63. 
 Joseph Burkart, disch. June 7, '62. 
 Aden Chew, died Feb. 20, '62. 
 Thomas D. Clark, died Jan. 29, '64. 
 Washington L. Clark. 
 Joseph Craft, disch. Oct. 17, '62. 
 William Dorsey. 
 
 James L. Dougherty, Mar. 1, "62, died May 15, '62. 
 Edward Ewen, Jr., Aug. 9, '61, killed Aug. 29, '62. 
 W. C. Figner, Nov. 23, '61, tr. to Co. F, 8th Regt. 
 William Fisher. 
 
 Lewis M. Gibson, Sep. 10, '61, disch May 31, '62. 
 Jacob Gilmore. 
 
 Bernard Ginlay, Nov. 22, '61. 
 Horace Githens, Sep. 28, '61, died Mar. 15, '62. 
 Thomas W. Graham, disch. Aug. 29, '64. 
 Richard W. Hankins, died Jan. 20, '63, of wounds. 
 Michael Hartzell, Feb. 20, '62, disch. Sep. 20, '62. 
 Charles Henry, Nov. 27, '63, disch. June 12, '65. 
 Gaudaloup Hall, tr. to 95th Pa. Regt. 
 Albert Herman, June 30, '64, tr. to Co. A, 8th Regt 
 Henry Hessell. 
 
 John M. Huber, Aug. 10, '63, tr.to Co. F; 8th Regt. 
 
 William Hulit, Aug. 10, '63, tr. to U. S. Inf 
 
 Edward B. Hood, disch. Mar. 25, '68. 
 
 James W. Insco, disch. Feb. 5, '63. 
 
 Wm. D. Jacobs, July 6, '62, tr. to Co. F, 8th Regt. 
 
 John W. Jobes, Dec. 6, '61, killed Aug. 29, '62. 
 
 John Johnson, May 23, '64. 
 
 Samuel Kendrick, disch. May 22, '62. 
 
 James Leach, May 25, '64. 
 
 James W. Lewis. 
 
 Edward Livermore, killed in action May 18, '64. 
 
 William W. Loeb. 
 
 Wm. Lorenz, Feb. 29, '64, killed May 12, '64. 
 
 Alexander B. Mahan, disch. July 15, '62. 
 
 Howa,rd F. Matlack. 
 
 William L. Mathews, Mar. 3, '62, disch. Apr. 9, '66. 
 
 Thomas Mayland, May 28, '64. 
 
 John McCabe, May 28, '64. 
 
 G. W. McKeen, Jan. 12, '64, tr. to Co. F, 8th Regt. 
 
 Arthur Meayo, Nov. 22, '61. 
 
 William Mulligan, Nov. 22, '61. 
 
 John Naphey. 
 
 John S. Nicholson, Oct. 18, '61, died Feb. 16, '62. 
 
 August Noach, May 24, '64. 
 
 Samuel B. Norcross, killed in action May 5, '62. 
 
 Edw. Ostner, Nov. 18, '61, killed May 5, '62. 
 
 James Paquitt, May 23, '64. 
 
 Henry Parker, May 23, '64. 
 
 Daniel W. Pettibone, disch. Sep. 23, '62. 
 
 Henry Piatt, May 30, '64. 
 
 William Rhein, May 28, '64. 
 
 Peter Rice, May 25, '64. 
 
 Michael Robinson, Nov. 22, '61. 
 
 Franklin Rogers, died May 6, '62. 
 
 Peter Roe, Oct. 25, '61, disch. Feb. 25, '63. 
 
 Joseph D. Rogers. 
 
 Romeo Rolli, June 2, '64. 
 
 William Rowe, killed in action May 5, '62. 
 
 Thomas Russell, May 24, '64. 
 
 Thomas Ryan, May 24, '64, tr. to Co. F, 8th Regt. 
 
 John Sands, disch. Feb. 23, '63, 
 
 Samuel Sanders, Dec. 6, '61. 
 
 George Schayegart, May 24, '64. 
 
 August Scior. 
 
 Edward L. Scott, disch. Jan. 29, '63. 
 
 Andrew Serini, June 2, '64. 
 
 Michael Sharon, May 28, '64. 
 
 Charles P. Shute, disch. Feb. 28, '63. 
 
 Geo. Simpson, May 28, '64, tr. to Co. F, 8th Regt. 
 
 Benjamin F. Skinner, Nov. 22, '62. 
 
 John Sterling, May 28, '64. 
 
 William Stewart, xMay 24, '64. 
 
 George Thomas, May 23, '64. 
 
 James Thompson, May 26, '64. 
 
 John C. Torney, died May 12, '62, of wounds. 
 
120 
 
 HISTORY OF GAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Isaac Tracy. 
 
 Lewis Typle, Feb. 9, '64, tr. to Co. F, 8th Regt. 
 
 Charles Waar, Feb. 25, '62, died Apr. 12, '64. 
 
 Amos E. Watson, Oct. 28, '61, disch. Sept. 14, '62. 
 
 Charles Waverly, May 28, '64. 
 
 James H. Webster, disch. Aug. 31, '64. 
 
 George Wegman, disch. Aug. 29, '62. 
 
 Paul Werner, May 31, '64. 
 
 Wilmon Whillden, disch. June 16, '62. 
 
 John C. Whippey, died June 7, '63, of wounds. 
 
 Watson Wertzell, disch. Oct. 10, '65. 
 
 John Williams, May 30, '64. 
 
 John W. Williams, Nov. 22, '61. 
 
 James Wilson, May 26, '64. 
 
 John Woods, disch. May 22, '62. 
 
 William Yates, May 28, '64. 
 
 COMPANY K. 
 
 [This compaDy wae mustered in August 29, 1861, and mustered 
 out with regiment unless otherwise stated,] 
 
 Captains. 
 Timothy C. Moore, Sept. 9, '61 ; res. Jan. 14, '63. 
 Thomas M. K. Lee, Mar. 2, '63 ; vice Moore, res. 
 
 First Lieutenants. 
 Thomas Goodman, Sept. 9, '61 ; det. to 4th Art. 
 B. D. Coley, Jan. 2, '58 ; pro. capt. Co. I, Sept. 24, '68. 
 
 Second Lieutenant. 
 J. T. Note, Mar. 2, '68, pro. 1st It. Co. I, June 9, '63. 
 
 First Sergeants. 
 Edward Corcoran, disch. June 8, '63. 
 George W. Jobes, trans, to Co. B, 8th Regt. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 Samuel H. Elder, disch. Nov. 24, '62. 
 James White, disch. Jan. 28, '63. 
 William McCormick, disch. March 23, '63. 
 George W. Hall, trans, to Co. P, 8th Regt. 
 Isaac T. Garton, trans, to Co. G, 8th Regt. 
 William T. Goodman. 
 
 Corporals. 
 James Flynn, disch. Dec. 27, '62. 
 Christopher Dowling, disch. Sept. 7, '62. 
 Hugh Diamond, disch. Aug. 29, '64. 
 Charles P. Tuttle, trans, to Co. G, 8th Regt. 
 John McKenna. 
 
 T. McKibben, Aug. 13, '62 ; disch. June 29, '65. 
 B. F. Reeves, Sept. 17, '61 ; killed July 2, '63. 
 James Derken. 
 Frederick Busser, musician. 
 Thos. Marshall, musician, disch. March 11, '62. 
 Henry Bender, Jr., musician, trans, to Co. G. 
 David Creevy, wagoner, disch. Feb. 8, '63. 
 
 Privates. 
 James Baker, Oct. 8, '61. 
 John Barnes. 
 
 William Bayne, disch. Oct. 13, 62. 
 
 William Bisbing. 
 
 Jesse H. Berry, died June 1, '63, of wounds. 
 
 J. G. Bowers, May 14, '64, trans, to Co. G, 8th Regt. 
 
 Lewis E. L. Blizzard, disch. June 9, '62. 
 
 Peter Bride, Oct. 9, '61, disch. May 22, '62. 
 
 Edward Budding, disch. June 9, '62.' 
 
 Charles Braceland. 
 
 Benjamin F. Christy. 
 
 Joseph Cheeseman, disch. April 27, '63. 
 
 Albert G. Clark, May 21, '64, trans, to Co. G. 
 
 Henry Conerty. 
 
 James Coleman, disch. June 19, '68. 
 
 John S. Copeland, died Sept. 18, '61. 
 
 Michael Corcoran, disch. Sept. 7, '62. 
 
 .Tacob Cowan, trans, to Co. D. 
 
 J. J. Daniels, May 20, 64,*trans. to Co. G, 8th Regt. 
 
 Cornelius Dowling, disch. July 14, '62. 
 
 Patrick Earley, disch. Feb. 28, '63. 
 
 Thomas Egan, disch. April 18, '68. 
 
 James Finnegan, disch. Sept. 1, '64. 
 
 John Fogger. 
 
 John Gagger, killed Aug. 29, '62. 
 
 James Gannon. 
 
 Charles P. Gannon, trans, to Co. D. 
 
 Francis A. Gaskill, disch. May 3, '64. 
 
 Samuel Gilbert, Aug. 19, '62 ; disch. Mar. 25, '63. 
 
 Lewis H. Giles, disch. May 21, '62. 
 
 Martin Haley. 
 
 William Hampton. 
 
 Henry Harley,Oct. 3, '61. 
 
 Joseph W. Henderson, trans, to Co. G, 8th Regt. 
 
 William H. H. Hilyard, disch. Feb. 7, '68. 
 
 James R. Husted, disch. Jan. 16, '63. 
 
 Edward Hutchinson, disch. Oct. 21, '62. 
 
 H. C. Izard, May 16, '64 ; trans, to Co. G, 8th Regt. 
 
 W. H. Janes, Jan. 29, '62 ; tr. to Co. G, 8th Regt. 
 
 E. H. Johnson, Aug. 19, '62 ; disch. Jan. 7, '63. 
 
 Elias P. Jones, killed June 18, '64. 
 
 William F. Joslin, disch. Oct. 17, '62. 
 
 .lohn Lane. 
 
 James M. Lane, disch. Feb. 2, '63. 
 
 Dennis Laughlin, trans, to Co. G, 8th Regt. 
 
 William H. Lawrence, trans, to Co. G, 8th Regt. 
 
 John Leo, Oct. 9, '61 ; disch. Dec. 31, '62, wounded. 
 
 Thomas Lippincott, disch. May 14, '62. 
 
 Thomas M. Long, disch. July 21, '63. 
 
 George A. Lovett, disch. Sept. 17, '62. 
 
 W. G. Leake, died May 23, '62, of wounds. 
 
 Joseph C. Lore, died May 21, '62, of wounds. 
 
 Martin Marshall, killed Aug. 29, '62. 
 
 Patrick Maguire, disch. Oct. 7, '62. 
 
 Robert McAdoo, disch. Dec. 25, '62. 
 
 Thomas McDonald, disch. Dec. 9, '61. 
 
 James McCormick, killed May 5, '62. 
 
THE WAR FOE THE UNION. 
 
 121 
 
 N. McElhoue, Mar. 13, '62 ; died June 4/62, of wds. 
 
 Eobert McGoiirley. 
 
 Michael McLaughlin, died Sept. 14, '62, of wounds. 
 
 Michael McGrory. 
 
 Peter McGeary, disch. Aug. 29, '61. 
 
 James McNulty, disch. Sept. 26, '62. 
 
 W. Miller, May 21, '64 ; trans, to Co. G, 8th Eegt. 
 
 Abijah Mitchell. 
 
 Jos. Mox, May 23, '64 ; trans, to Co. G, 8th Eegt. 
 
 William Mullen, disch. Aug. 18, '62. 
 
 Eobert Munday, trans, to Co. B. 
 
 Michael O'Neil. 
 
 Constantine O'Neil, disch. Oct. 18, 62. 
 
 F. O'Neil, Feb. 7, '62 ; died Feb. 25, '62. 
 
 Fritz Olsun, May 20, '64; trans, to Co. G, 8th Eegt. 
 J. Jenn, May 21, '64 ; trans, to Co. G, 8th Regt. 
 Jeremiah C. Price, trans, to Co. G, 8th Eegt. 
 William Proud, Jr., killed June 1, '62. 
 Nathan Eambo, disch. Jan. 16, '63. 
 William H. Eandolph, trans, to Co. G, 8th Eegt. 
 M. H. Eeynolds, Sept. 17, '61 ; disch. Dec. 9, '61. 
 W. V. Eobinson, May 23, '64 ; tr. to Co. G, 8th Eegt. 
 A. Schaider, May 23, '64; trans, to Co. G, 8th Eegt. 
 John S. Sibbett, disch. July 24, '62. 
 William Snape, disch. Sept. 7, '64. 
 
 G. J. Stewart, May 21, '64 ; tr. to Co. G, 8th Regt. 
 John Scott, May 26, '64. 
 
 Mahlon Smith. 
 
 John A. Smith, died Nov. 30, '63. 
 
 William Streeper, disch. Oct. 17, '62. 
 
 Levi Swan, died Oct. 10, '62. 
 
 Henry H. Stiles, Sept. 18, '61. 
 
 Mathew Timmens, trans, to V. E. C. 
 
 William Thompson, disch. Sept. 7, '64. 
 
 J. H. Thompson, disch. July 24, '62. 
 
 P. Vandertimer, May 21, '64 ; tr. to Co. G, 8th Eegt. 
 
 Isaac Warr, Feb. 5, '62 ; trans, to V. E. C. 
 
 George F. Ward, disch. Sept. 16, '62. 
 
 W. H. Watson, Aug. 17, '62; trans, to V. E. C. 
 
 J. H. Wilkins, May 16, '64 ; tr. to Co. G, 8th Eegt. 
 
 Nathaniel F. Wilkinson, trans, to V. E. C. 
 
 John Wiley, killed Aug. 29, '62. 
 
 Edgar S. Wilkinson, killed May 5, '62. 
 
 James Wittle, disch. Sept. 7, '64. 
 
 Captain Benjamin D. Colby, son of 
 John and Ann (Day) Coley, born at Rad- 
 dell, Bedfordshire, England, February 1, 
 1826, emigrated with his parents to America 
 in 1829 , landed at Philadelphia and soon 
 afterward located in Camden. At the age of 
 six he went to live with a farmer in Bur- 
 lington County and remained there, working 
 on the farm in summer and attending school 
 16 
 
 in winter, until he was fourteen, when he re- 
 turned home and for several years assisted 
 his father at whip-making. He was next 
 employed for five years with Richard Fet- 
 ters, of Camden, and next engaged in the 
 restaurant business and also kept a billiard 
 saloon in Camden until the opening of the 
 Civil "War, in 1861, when, in company with 
 the Camden Light Artillery, a military or- 
 ganization to which he belonged for about 
 six years, he went to Trenton and entered the 
 service three days after President Lincoln's 
 first call for volunteer soldiers. As second 
 sergeant of the company, which was assigned 
 to the Fourth New Jersey Regiment, he re- 
 mained three months, the term of enlistment, 
 and during that time participated in the first 
 battle of Bull Run. The company was dis- 
 charged July 27, 1861, at the expiration of 
 the term of service, and on the 9th of August 
 following he began to recruit a company for 
 the three years' service, which, on September 
 9, 1861, became Company K of the Sixth 
 New Jersey Regiment, and he was chosen 
 second lieutenant. This regiment formed a 
 part of the famous " New Jersey Brigade," 
 which was assigned to General Hooker's di- 
 vision, participated in 1862, under General 
 McClellan, in the Peninsular campaign, in 
 the siege of Yorktown, battles of Williams- 
 burg, Fair Oaks, Seven Pines and Malvern 
 Hill, in the Army of the Potomac under 
 General Pope, in the battle of Bristow Sta- 
 tion, the second Bull Run engagement and 
 the battle of Chantilly, and in the battle of 
 Centreville, under General Sickles ; in 
 1863, in the Army of the Potomac, under 
 General Burnside, at Fredericksburg, and 
 Chancellorsville under General Hooker, and 
 in July of the same year in the battle of Get- 
 tysburg, under General Meade, at which 
 place he was in command of Company H of 
 the Sixth Regiment. On November 17, 
 1862, he was promoted to first lieutenant, 
 and on September 24, 1863, was promoted to 
 captain of Company I of the same regiment. 
 
122 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 The other engagements in which Captain 
 Coley participated were the battles of Wap- 
 ping Heights, McClean's Ford and Pine 
 Run, all in Virginia. At the last-named 
 battle, owing to the terrible strain, he was 
 disabled for further military duty, and on 
 March 4, 1864, was discharged from the 
 service on a surgeon's certificate. 
 
 Soon after his return home he entered the 
 employ of Thomas Clyde & Co., of Phila- 
 delphia, as an engineer, and continued with 
 that firm until 1868, when he began the gro- 
 cery business at the corner of Third and Fed- 
 eral Streets, where he has ever since contin- 
 ued and prospered. Captain Coley was 
 married, September 9, 1848, to Margaret K. 
 Southwick, daughter of James Southwick, of 
 Camden, by whom he has three children, all 
 residing in Camden. Mrs. Coley died May 
 13, 1885. Martha, the eldest daughter, is 
 married to Henry S. Wood ; Alma D., is 
 married to Charles H. Thompson ; Benjamin 
 D. Coley, the only son and youngest child, is 
 married to Hattie "Wilson. Captain Coley 
 is prominently connected with the fraternal 
 and beneficial orders of Camden, being a 
 member of Thomas M. K. Lee, Jr., Post, 
 G. A. P., No. 5 ; Chosen Friends Lodge, No. 
 29 ; and Camden Encampment, No. 12, of I. 
 O. O. F. ; Damon Lodge, No. 2, K. of P. ; 
 Iron Hall ; and Camden Council of Royal 
 Arcanum. 
 
 Ninth Regiment. — This command, of 
 which Company I was recruited in Camden 
 County, was mustered at Camp Olden, 
 October 5, 1861, under authority of the War 
 Department for the organization of a regi- 
 ment of riflemen, and arrived at Washing- 
 ton December 4th with one thousand one 
 hundred and forty-two men on its rolls. In 
 January, 1862, it was assigned to General 
 Reno's brigade, and sailed with Burnside's 
 expedition to Roanoke Island, N. C, where 
 Colouel Joseph W. Allen was drowned in 
 disembarking. At the battle of February 
 8th it rendered admirable service in picking 
 
 off the Confederate gunners by its sharp- 
 shooting, and Burnside privileged it to place 
 the name " Roanoke Island " and the date 
 of the fight in gold on its regimental flag. 
 Besides this the principal engagements in 
 which it shared were these : 
 
 Newberne, N. C, March 14, 1862 ; Fort Macon, 
 N. C, April 25, 18ei2 ; Young's Oross-Roads, N. C, 
 July 27, 1862 ; Rowell's Mill, N. C, November 2, 
 1862; Deep Creek, N. C, December 12, 1862; 
 Southwest Creek, N. C, December 13, 1862; Kins- 
 ton, N. C, December 14, 1862 ; Whitehall, N. C, 
 December 16, 1862; Goldsborough, N. C, Decem- 
 ber 17, 1862 ; Comfort, N. C, July 6, 1863; Win- 
 ton, N. C, July 26, 1863; Deep Creek, N. C, 
 February 7, 1864 ; Cherry Grove, N. C, April 14, 
 1864; Port Walthall, Va., May 6 and 7, 1864; 
 Swift Creek, Va., May 9 and 10, 1864; Drury's 
 Bluff, Va., May 12-16, 1864; Cold Harbor, Va., 
 June 3-12, 1864; Petersburg, Va., June 20 to 
 August 24, 1864 ; Gardner's Bridge, N. C, Decem- 
 ber, 9, 1864 ; Foster's Bridge, N. C, December 10, 
 1864; Butler's Bridge, N. C, December 11, 1864; 
 Southwest Creek, N. C, March 7, 1865; Wise's 
 Fork, N. C, March 8-10, 1865; Goldsborough, 
 N. C, March 21, 1865. 
 
 This long record is full of brave achieve- 
 ments by the regiment. At the battle of 
 Young's Cross-Roads Captain Hufty, with 
 the Camden company, charged a bridge and 
 captured eighteen prisoners. January 21, 
 
 1864, two-thirds of the men re-enlisted while 
 at the front in North Carolina. At Drury's 
 Bluff, where the reconnoisance that preceded 
 the fight was made by Hufty's men, the regi- 
 ment lost one hundred and fifty killed and 
 wounded. Colonel Zabriski was one of the 
 fatally wounded, and General Heckman was 
 taken prisoner. The Richmond Examiner 
 expressed its satisfaction " at the destruction 
 of Heckman's brigade," and that " the cele- 
 brated New Jersey Rifle Regiment has been 
 completely destroyed, thus ridding the bleed- 
 ing Carolinas of a terrible scourge." Cap- 
 tain Charles Hufty was fatally wounded at 
 the head of Company I in the skirmish at 
 Southwest Creek, March 7, 1865. 
 
 The regiment was mustered out June 14, 
 
 1865, and was discharged by the State on the 
 
THE WAR FOR THE UNION. 
 
 123 
 
 28th. It had taken part in forty-two en- 
 gagements ; sixty-one enlisted men were 
 killed in battle, four hundred wounded, 
 forty-three died from wounds and one hun- 
 dred from disease. Eight officers had been 
 killed and twenty-three wounded. It was 
 successively attached to the Ninth, Eigh- 
 teenth, Tenth and Twenty-third Army Corps. 
 The Camden County enlistments were as 
 follows : 
 
 COMPANY I, NINTH REGIMENT NEW JERSEY VOL- 
 UNTEERS. 
 [This company was mustered in October 8, 1861, and mustered out 
 July 12, 1865, unless otherwise stated.] 
 
 Captains. 
 Henry F. Chew, Nov. 12, '61, res. March 9, '62. 
 Samuel Hufty, March 7, '62, pro. maj. June 15, '64. 
 Chaa. Hufty, July 25, '64, died Mar. 14, '65, of wnds. 
 David Kille, July 7, '65, vice Hufty, died. 
 
 First Lieutenants. 
 Charles M. Pinkard, Mar. 19, '62, res. Dec. 28, '62. 
 E. D. Svpain, Dec. 29,'62, pro. capt. Co. K, Feb.10,'65. 
 
 Second Lieutenants. 
 Chas. B. Springer, Mar. 9, '62, died July 3] , '62. 
 J.C.Bowker,Dec.29,'62,pro.l8tlt. Co.D JulyS, '64. 
 D. Whitney, Mar.28, '65, pro. 1st It.Co. A June 22,'65. 
 
 First Sergeants. 
 Edward H. Green, pro. 2d It. Co. D Jan. 14, '65. 
 Chas. P. Goodwin, cona. 2d lieut. June 22, '65. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 Mark L. Carnly. 
 Charles Keene. 
 Lewis Murphy. 
 John C. Smith. 
 
 Edward D. Matson, dis. Oct. 7, '64. 
 Samuel B. Harbison, trans, to V. R. C. 
 
 Corporals. 
 John S. Hampton, dis. July 19, '65. 
 Joseph Wolf, Jan. 20, '64. 
 Eugene Sullivan, March 22, '64. 
 John B. Mitchell, Feb. 27, '64. 
 James W. Daniels. 
 Lewis S. Mickel, dis. July 19, '65. 
 Abram M. Dickinson, March 1, '64. 
 James H. Tash, dis. March 24, '63. 
 Charles G. Lorch, dis. Nov. 17, '62. 
 Wm. O. Birch, dis. March 17, '63. 
 JohnSchweible, Sept. 30, '61, trans, to V. R. C. 
 Chas. Hoffman, died June 5, '64, of wounds. 
 Geo. N. Cawman, killed May 8, '64. 
 Robt. Alcorn, bugler, dis. Aug. 25, '62. 
 Robert P. Craig, musician, dis. Nov. 10, '62. 
 
 Charles Beyer, Sept. 30, '61. 
 
 Asa K. Harbert, dis. July 18, '65. 
 
 Wm. H. Tonkin, wagoner, dis. Nov. 8, '64. 
 
 Privates. 
 Charles Albertson, Jan. 3, '65, dis. May 22, '65. 
 Edward L. Alvord, pro. Feb. 8, '64. 
 Joshua Anderson. 
 Frederick Babaer, March 1, '65. 
 Joshua Ballinger, Sept. 2, '64, dis. June 14, '65. 
 John Bennett. 
 
 Hiram D. Beckett, Feb. 23, '64, traus. to Co. A. 
 Smith Bilderback, pro. Oct. 8, '61. 
 John Brady. 
 
 Samuel T. Butcher, April 7, "65. 
 Malachi Blackman, March 7, '65, trans, to Co. K. 
 Albert C. Cawman, dis. Dec. 7, '65. 
 
 James V. Clark. 
 
 John L. Cliff, Feb. 24, '65. 
 
 John M. Clark, Jan. 17, '65, trans, to Co. 0. 
 
 Enoch Cordrey, dis. Dec. 7, '64. 
 
 George Cortwright, Feb. 16, '64. 
 
 William E. Creed, March 4, '64. 
 
 John P. Crist, Feb. 23, '65. 
 
 John M. Davis, Sept. 5, '64, dis. June 14, '65. 
 
 Geo. 0. Davis, April 8, '65, trans, to Co. A. 
 
 Benj. H. Dilmore, March 29, '65, trans, to Co. K. 
 
 Josiah Dubois, trans, to V. R. C. 
 
 Edward H. Davis. 
 
 Philip Ebert, Sept. 30, '61, dis. Feb. 23, '65. 
 
 Henry Eipert, dis. July 19, '65. 
 
 James W. Elkinton. 
 
 Benj. Estilow, Feb. 6, '65. 
 
 Henry Essex, April 8, '65, trans, to Co. A. 
 
 Leo Eckert, Sept. 30, '61, died Sept. 11, '63. 
 
 George B. Evans, Dec. 28, '63. 
 
 Francis Fagan, April 6, '65. 
 
 Wm. Floyd, Sept. 2, '64. 
 
 Fredk. Felney, dis. Nov. 19, '62. 
 
 Bernard Fagan, April 12, '65, trans, to Co. F. 
 
 Thomas Fannin, April 6, '65. 
 
 Robert Green, Dec. 29, '63. 
 
 Philip S. Garrison, Jan. 28, '64, dis. May 13, '65. 
 
 Benj. Gill, dis. Nov. 18, '62. 
 
 Thomas Grady, April 13, '65, trans, to Co. H. 
 
 James Graham, Dec. 28, '65, trans, to Co. H. 
 
 Max Gumpert, April 13, '65, trans, to Co. H. 
 
 John Gorman, March 14, '64. 
 
 Wm. P. Corliss, dis. Mar. 24, 63. 
 
 Joshua D. Haines. 
 
 Wm. A. Harper, Sept. 14, '64, dis. June 14, '65. 
 
 James J. Harris, April 6, '65. 
 
 Wm. H. Harris, Aug. 30, '64, dis. June 14, '65. 
 
 John H. Hilyard. 
 
 John W. Harbison, dis. March 24, '63. 
 
 John H. Harvey, dis. Nov. 19, '&'2. 
 
124 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Henry A. Hartranft, trans, to Co. D. 
 
 James A. Hawthorne, April 13, '65, trans, to Co. H. 
 
 Andrew J. Hanley, died Feb. 22, '65. 
 
 Wm. G. Hartline, died Feb. 3, '63. 
 
 Magnus Hepburn, died Oct. 16, '64. 
 
 Win. H. Hughes, March 1, '64, died March 12, '64. 
 
 Enoch Irelan, Feb. 14, '63. 
 
 Richmond Ireland, dis. Nov. 19, '62. 
 
 John N. Johnson. 
 
 Andrew Kauffman. 
 
 Daniel Kelcher, April 6, '65. 
 
 Nathan Kell, Feb. 24, '65. 
 
 Thomas H. Kijer. 
 
 Charles Klapproth, March 9, '64, dis. July 19, '65. 
 
 Charles Kearley, April 13, "65, trans, to Co. H. 
 
 John Kingston, April 6, '65. 
 
 Samuel M. Layman, dis. June 22,- '65. 
 
 Henry Loper, dis. Dec. 7, '64. 
 
 George H. Lott. 
 
 Thomas W. Lumis. 
 
 Samuel Lester, dis. March 18, '63. 
 
 Wm. B. Loper, dis. Nov. 19, '62. 
 
 Ezekiel Madara, Nov. 10, '64. 
 
 Joseph Madara, March 29, '65. 
 
 Joseph Manderville, Feb. 10, '65. 
 
 James P. Mattson, dis. Oct. 8, '64. 
 
 Edmund L. Mattock, dis. Nov. 25, '62. 
 
 Frank E. Mailey, March 6, '65, trans, to Co. D. 
 
 George W. Matlock, March 7, '65, trans, to Co. P. 
 
 James McCormick, March 31, '64. 
 
 James McDonald, Feb. 15, '65. 
 
 James McGhie, Feb. 8, '64. 
 
 Wm. McLaughlin, Feb. 24, '65. 
 
 James McClay, April 12, '65, trans, to Co. E. 
 
 John McDonald, April 13, '65, trans, to Co. E. 
 
 Robert McDonald, April 13, '65, trans, to Co. E. 
 
 Henry McFerrin, Feb. 4, '65, trans, to Co. C. 
 
 Wm. Measey, Feb. 10, '65. 
 
 Charles B. Messick, dis. Nov. 19, '62. 
 
 John Metzler, April 13, '65, trans, to Co. H, 
 
 Albert C. Mifflin. 
 
 David T. Miller, Dec, 29, '63. 
 
 John Miller, Sept. 30, '61, 
 
 August Miller, April 12, '65, trans, to Co. A. 
 
 David Morgan, Aug. 31, '64, dis, June 14, '65. 
 
 John Morgan, Aug. 31, '64. 
 
 Charles H. Miller, died Aug. 23, '64, 
 
 Thompson Mosher, March 24, '64, dis. July 23, '65, 
 
 Stephen M, Mosure, killed in action June 3, '64. 
 
 Charles D, Mulford, dis. Dec, 7, '64. 
 
 John MuUer, Feb. 16, '64, dis, Sept. 29, '65. 
 
 Daniel Myers, Sept, 24, '64, dis. June 14, '65. 
 
 George M. Newkirk, Sept. 4, '65, dis. June 14, '65. 
 
 John Newkirk. 
 
 Wm. H. Nonamaker. 
 
 August Noll, Feb. 12, '64, trans, to Co. A. 
 
 Bernard O'Brien, April 12, '65. 
 
 Christian Oatanger, dis. March 24, '63. 
 
 John Ostertag, May 28, '62, dis. June 3, '65. 
 
 James O'Neil, Feb. 6, '64, 
 
 Stephen C. Park, Sept, 5, '64, dis, June 14, '65. 
 
 Thomas Parsons, 
 
 John A, Patton, 
 
 Daniel Parr, Jan. 30, '64, died May 29, '64, of wnds, 
 
 Samuel Perkins, Feb. 14, '65. 
 
 Eli B. Price, Feb. 16, '64. 
 
 Reuben R. Pittman. 
 
 John Powell. 
 
 Albert Reis, Aug. 21, '62, dis. June 14, '65. 
 
 Francis Reitz, Feb. 28, '65. 
 
 Tylee Reynolds, Feb, 26, '64, dis. June 27, '65. 
 
 Isaac Reeves, dis. March 24, '68. 
 
 Irvin Rodenbough, Feb. 26, '64. 
 
 Jacob Schmidt, Sept. 30, '61, dis. July 19, '65, 
 
 Charles Schnabel, Feb. 6, '65. 
 
 Philip Schmidt, Sept. 30, '61, dis. May 9, '63, 
 
 Henry Scholz, July 21, '62, dis. May 7, '63. 
 
 Henry Schroeder, April 8, '65. 
 
 Charles Shepherd, pro. com. sergt. Jan. 1, '62, 
 
 Arthur F. Shoemaker, Feb. 27, '64,dis. June24,'65. 
 
 Jonathan Shull. 
 
 Andrew J. Shuller, Jan. 28, '65, dis. May 27, '65. 
 
 Francis H. Singwald, Feb. 28, '65. 
 
 Samuel F. Staulcup, killed in action Dec. 16, '62. 
 
 James W. Somers, Aug. 30, '64, dis. June 14, '65. 
 
 Wm. C. Sparks. 
 
 Francis C. Strawn, Aug. 31, '64, dis. June 14, '65. 
 
 Wm. B. Stretch, Sept. 2, '64, dis. June 14, '65. 
 
 Amos Strickland, Sept. 5, '64, dis. June 14, '65. 
 
 Herman Steibertz, Sept. 30, '61, dis. Sept. 11, '63. 
 
 Leonard Stoll, June 16, '62, dis. July 17, '63. 
 
 Reuben Segraves, killed in action May 16, '64. 
 
 John Sparks, died Nov. 15, '64. 
 
 Wm. Speakman, Feb. 5, '64. 
 
 John E. Taylor. 
 
 Samuel B. Taylor. 
 
 Charles Taylor, dis. July 23, '62. 
 
 Wm. Thompson, Feb. 21, '65, dis. June 21, '65. 
 
 Sylvester J. Tinsman, Feb. 16, '64, dis. Feb. 16, '65. 
 
 George V. Townsend. 
 
 George L. Turnbull, dis. Oct. 8, '64. 
 
 Charles Vannaman, Feb. 24, '64. 
 
 Smith B. Vining. 
 
 Amos J. Van Gordon, Feb. 15, '64, dis. Aug. 2, '65. 
 
 James Van Gordon, Feb. 15, '64. 
 
 Aaron Vanculen, died Aug. 22, '63. 
 
 Wm. Warford, Feb. 15, '64. 
 
 John Warple, dis. Nov. 7, '62. 
 
 Paul Wax, April 13, '65, trans, to Co. H. 
 
 John Walker, Sept. 80, '61. 
 
THE WAR FOR THE UNION. 
 
 125 
 
 Frederick Weber, Sept. 30, '61. 
 
 George L. Webster, Aug. 30, '64, dis. June 14, '65. 
 
 Conrad Weitzell, Aug. 30, '64, dis. June 14, '65. 
 
 John Welch, April 6, '65. 
 
 Christian Wellendorf, Sept. 30, '61, dis. Dec. 8, '64. 
 
 David Wensel, dis. Nov. 17, '62. 
 
 Joseph West, dis. June 1, '63. 
 
 Josiah Wensell, killed in action May 16, '64. 
 
 Wm. Williams, dis. May 17, '62. 
 
 George G. White, died April 18, '62. 
 
 Fenwick A. Woodsides, Sept. 1 , '64, dis. July 15,'65. 
 
 Edward S. Woolbert, Feb. 27, '64. 
 
 Augustus Remming, killed in action May 16, '64. 
 
 Wra. G. Youmans, Feb. 17, '65. 
 
 Isaac Zanes, died May 3, '62. 
 
 Colonel Samuel Hufty, the son of 
 Samuel and Josephine Rapinj^reble Hufty, 
 was born in Philadelphia January 1, 1834. 
 He graduated from the High School of his 
 native city and, after a year spent in Illinois, 
 removed to Chester County, Pa., where he 
 followed for eight years the life of an agri- 
 culturist. Repairing in 1858 to Camden, he 
 was employed in the capacity of clerk. Colo- 
 nel Hufty, at the beginning of the war, in 
 1861, enlisted as captain of Company F, 
 Ninth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, 
 for three months, and joined the command of 
 General Patterson in the Shenandoah Valley. 
 At the expiration of his time of service he 
 became first lieutenant of Company I, Ninth 
 Regiment New Jersey Volunteers, and was, 
 March 9^ 1862, made captain of the com- 
 pany. On the 15th of June, 1864, he was 
 promoted to the office of major of the regi- 
 ment, and in February, 1865, was made 
 lieutenant-colonel. He was mustered out on 
 the 31st of July, 1865. Among the more 
 important engagements in which he partici- 
 pated were those at Roanoke Island, New- 
 bern (where he was wounded). Fort Macon, 
 Kingston (N.C.), Goldsboro' (N. C), Drury's 
 Bluff, Cold Harbor, Petersburg (from June 
 20 to August 16, 1864, where he was wound- 
 ed by a sharpshooter), Wise's Forks (N. C.) 
 and Goldsboro' (second), where he was 
 provost-marshal and commanded the regi- 
 ment. On his discharge he engaged in the 
 
 lumber business in Somerset County, Md., 
 and in 1872 came to Camden. Colonel 
 Hufty was, in 1877, appointed city auditor 
 and received, in 1885, the appointment of 
 city comptroller for three years from the City 
 Council of Camden. 
 
 Baldwin Hufty, the brother of Colonel 
 Hufty, entered the service in 1861 as ser- 
 geant, was made second lieutenant of Com-- 
 pany B, Third Regiment New Jersey Vol- 
 unteers, and first lieutenant of Company E in 
 1862. He was, November 26th of the same 
 year, elected captain of Company D of the 
 Fourth Regiment New Jersey Volunteers, 
 and made lieutenant-colonel of the regiment 
 on the 28th of March, 1865. He partici- 
 pated in nearly all the battles of the Army 
 of the Potomac and was breveted colonel. 
 
 The Tenth Regiment. — This command 
 was eventually attached to the First Brigade 
 of New Jersey Volunteers. Companies A, E, 
 H, and I, of it, were recruited in Camden 
 County. It was created under authority 
 from the War Department and recruited by 
 Colonel William Bryan, of Beverly, against 
 the wishes of Governor Olden, although it 
 was named the " Olden Legion." His objec- 
 tion was that the War Department issued the 
 authorization direct to private individuals in- 
 stead of through and to the officials of the 
 State — a course which had previously been 
 unknown. The regiment proceeded to Wash- 
 ington December 26, 1861. On January 29, 
 1862, the Governor finally accepted it as part 
 of the quota of New Jersey, whereupon it was 
 thoroughly reorganized and designated as the 
 Tenth Regiment, and Colonel A¥il]iam R. 
 Murphy appointed to it. In April, 1863, it 
 was relieved from provost duty in Washing- 
 ton and sent to Suffolk, Va., where, on April 
 23d and May 4th, it shared in the repulse of 
 Longstreet as a portion of Corcoran's brigade. 
 Peck's division, Seventh Corps. In July it 
 was ordered to Philadelphia in anticipation 
 of a resistance to the draft, and remained 
 there two months. Its dress parades were 
 
126 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 one of the shows of the city. In September 
 it was moved to Pottsville, Pa., and spent 
 the winter of 1863-64 in Schuylkill, Carbon 
 and Luzerne Counties repressing the Con- 
 federate sympathizers of the coal region, who 
 were encouraging desertions, interfering with 
 recruiting, interrupting mining operations 
 and murdering men conspicuous for their de- 
 votion to the Union. Colonel O. H. Ryer- 
 son, who succeeded Murphy in command, 
 was president of a commission which tried 
 many of these offenders. During the winter 
 the regiment re-enlisted and in April, 1864, 
 joined the First Brigade at Brandy Station, 
 Virginia, sharing in all its subsequent 
 battles and losing Colonel Ryerson, who was 
 mortally wounded in the Wilderness, on May 
 6th. It saw some hard service, under Sheri- 
 dan, in Shenandoah Valley. It was recruited 
 before returning to Grant's lines in front of 
 Petersburg, and with four hundred and fifty 
 men in its ranks was mustered out at Hall's 
 Hill, Va., June 22d and July 1, 1865. 
 
 The Camden County companies of the 
 Tenth were made up as shown by the an- 
 nexed lists : 
 
 COMPANY A, FIEST REGIMENT NEW JERSEY VOL- 
 UNTEERS. 
 
 Captains. 
 Isaac W. Wickle, Oct. 17, '61, died March 22, '62. 
 Ephraim C. Ware, March 22, '62, dis. Oct. 22, '64. 
 Joseph G. Strock, Feb. 11, '65, dis. July 1,'65. 
 
 First Lieutenants. 
 Philip M, Armington, Sept. 21,'61, res. Sept. 24,'61. 
 Chas. V. C. Murphy, Apr. 17, '62, dis. Apr. 18, '65. 
 James H. Jordan, June 2, '65, dis. July 1, '65. 
 
 Second Lieutenant. 
 Wm. C. Fennimore, Oct. 17, '61, res. Feb. 22, '64. 
 
 First Sergeant. 
 Benjamin A. Pine, Sept. 23, '61, pro. 2d lieut. Co. 
 Oct. 24, '63. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 Jeremiah Saunders, Sept. 7, '61, dis. July 6, '65. 
 Thomas B. Bareford, Sept. 10, '61, dis. Sep. 14, '61. 
 Benjamin Wilson, Sept. 7, '61, dis. July 1, '65. 
 Augustus C. Wilson, July 25, '62, dis. July 1, '65. 
 Joseph M. Webb, Sept. 10, '61, dis. July 1, '65. 
 Theodore Harrington, Aug. 19,'68, dis. July 1,'65. 
 Oliver H. Eitchson, Sept. 7, '61, dis Oct. 31, '63. 
 
 William Rich, Sept. 7, '61, killed Aug. 17, '64. 
 Howard Fisher, Oct. 2, '62, died Nov. 12, '64. 
 
 Corporals. 
 Hiram E. Budd, Sept. 21, '61, dis. Feb. 7, '64. 
 James W. Fithian, Oct. 23, '61, dis. Oct. 22, '64. 
 John Marshall, Sept. 10, '61, dis. Sept. 10, '64. 
 Charles H. Small, Sept. 24, '61, dis. July 1, '65. 
 James McGeever, Aug. 9, '64, dis. July 1, '65. 
 Samuel B. Cambrou, Nov. 14, '61, dis. July 1, '66. 
 John Kenny, May 9, '64, dis. July 1, '65. 
 John McMann, Sept. 21, '61, dis. Julyl, '65. 
 Ellis P. Whitcraft, Sept. 21, '61, dis. Feb. 16, '65. 
 Wm. H. Jones, Oct. 23, '61, dis. June 8, '64, of wds. 
 Philip F. Hilpard, Oct. 5, '61, died Oct. 5, '64. 
 D. H. Holcomb,mus., Sept. 10, '61, dis. Sept. 10,'64. 
 Wm. McOraw, mus., Dec. 4, '63, dis. July 1, '65. 
 G. Hubbard, wag., Sept. 30, '61, dis. July 1, '65. 
 J. F. Kihnley, wag., Sept. 10, '65, dis. May 15, '62. 
 
 Privates. 
 Alonzo Allen, Feb. 1, '65, dis. July 1, '65. 
 Alfred Anderson, Sept. 21, '61, dis. Sept. 21, '64, 
 Peter Ayres, Aug. 12, '62, dis. Nov. 11, '62. 
 Thomas F. Asay,Nov. 30, '61, dis. Nov. 20, '64. 
 Edward Ayres, Sept. 7, '61, died Dec. 10, '64. 
 Louis Adams, Jan. 24, '65. 
 William Adams, Feb. 1, '65. 
 Edward Archer, Sept. 21, '61. 
 Charles Atkins, Jan. 24, 65. 
 Herman Bolger, Jan. 24, '65, dis. June 20, '65. 
 Francis Brennan, Jan. 24, '66, dis. July 1, '65. 
 Fred. Brooklis, Jan. 23, '65, dis. July 1, '65. 
 Henry Brown, Jan. 31, '65, dis. July 1, '65. 
 John Brown, Jan. 23, '65, dis. July 11, '65. 
 Daniel Burns, Feb. 16, '64, dis. July 1, '65. 
 John Wesley Burdon, Oct. 18, '61, dis. May 27,'62. 
 George W. Brill, Feb. 25, '64, trans, to Co. I. 
 John A. Brown, Jan. 24, '65, trans, to Co. H. 
 Levi Butler, Dec. 20, '63, killed May 14, '64. 
 Joseph Baker, Feb. 24, '64. 
 James Barker, Feb. 6, '64. 
 Robert P. Belville, Oct. 26, '61. 
 John Boden, Feb. 11, '64. 
 James Boyd, Jan. 5, '64. 
 John Boyle, Dec. 5, '63. 
 John Brennan (1), March 15, '64. 
 John Brennan (2), Jan. 23, '65. 
 John Brown, Jan. 5, '64. 
 Walter Brown, Dec. 27, '63. 
 Edward Bymer, Jan. 5, '64. 
 
 Peter D. Cheeseman, Sept. 21, '61, dis. Sept. 28,'64. 
 John A. Cole, Jan. 19, '64, dis. July 1, '65. 
 John J. Countryman, Oct. 8, '62, dis. April 10,'63. 
 Samuel Craig, Oct. 21, '61, died July 21, 63. 
 Edward Campbell, Dec. 28, '63. 
 
THE WAR FOR THE UNION. 
 
 127 
 
 James Cavanaugh, Nov. 24, '63. 
 
 John Clark, Aug. 22, '63. 
 
 Joseph C. Collins, Jan. 2, '64. 
 
 John Cortwrlght, Dec. 24, '63. 
 
 Charles Curtis, Dec. ]6, '63. 
 
 Wm. Davis, Feb. 16, '65, dis. July 1, '65. 
 
 John Doran, Jan. 31, '65, dis. July 1, '65. 
 
 Owen Doyle, Nov. 22, '64, dis. Aug. 21, '65. 
 
 Edward Daly, Aug. 16, '62, dis. July 21, '63. 
 
 Edward Davis, Sept. 30, '61, killed July 13, '64. 
 
 John Decker, Oct. 8, '62, died Jan. 14, '63. 
 
 John Dawson, Nov. 25, '65. ' 
 
 John Digman, April 22, '64. 
 
 Michael Dolehenty, Dec. 4, '63. 
 
 Martin Doyle, Feb. 6, '64. 
 
 Arthur Dolan, Jan. 31, '65. 
 
 Emanuel Eck, Feb. 23, '64, dis. July 1, '65. 
 
 Augustus Eck, Feb. 17, '64. 
 
 Frederick Erickson, Dec. 11, '63. 
 
 Herman Erickson, May 17, '64. 
 
 John Erie, Jan. 19, '64. 
 
 Peter Friend, Jan. 24, '65, dis. July 1, '65. 
 
 Robert Fitzpatrick, Jan. 23, '65. 
 
 Gideon C. Fletcher, Oct. 9, '62. 
 
 James Flynn, Dec. 7, '63. 
 
 Henry Frank, Oct. 28, '61. 
 
 Louis Frank, Sept. 21, '61. 
 
 John W. Garwood, Sept. 7, '61, dis. July 1, '65. 
 
 Thomas Geary, Dec. 15, '63, dis. July 1, '61. 
 
 Henry Goodman, Feb. 16, '64, dis. May 19, '65. 
 
 George Gould, Dec. 24, '63, dis. May 19, '65. 
 
 Amos Gaunt, Oct. 7, '61. 
 
 Daniel Gorman, Dec. 7, '63. 
 
 Joseph Githcart, Sept. 10, '61, dis. May 26, '62. 
 
 Baptist Grast, Sept. 24, '61, dis. April 15, '62. 
 
 Abraham Hardy, Dec. 29, '63, dis. July 1, '64. 
 
 Thomas Hess, Sept. 21, '61, dis. July 1, '63. 
 
 Wm. H.H. Hawlings, Dec. 10, '61, dis. July 1,'61. 
 
 Levi C. Huff, Dec. 24, '63, dis. July 1, '64. 
 
 Geo. W. Hinchman, Sept. 7, '61, died July 5, '63. 
 
 Thomas Haley, Aug. 16, '62. 
 
 John Hall, Mar. 21, '64. 
 
 Joseph Haller, Feb. 26, '64. 
 
 Franklin J. Hart, March 14, '64. 
 
 Charles Henry, Feb. 17, '64. 
 
 Ericks Herman, May 17, '64. 
 
 John Hurly, Feb. 17, '64. 
 
 George Inman, Jan. 5, '64, died Feb. 24, '65. 
 
 Gustavus Johnson, Dec. 11, '63, dis. Aug. 24, '65. 
 
 Henry Jones, Sept. 8, '63. 
 
 William Jones, March 28, '64. 
 
 John H. June, March 18, '64. 
 
 James Kays, Dec. 29, '63, dis. July 1, '65. 
 
 Jonas R. Keene, April 15, '64, dis. July 1, '66. 
 
 Peter Kennedy, Jan. 31, '65, dis. June 22, '65. 
 
 Aaron Kibler, Jan. 26, '64, dis. July 1, '65. 
 Wm. F. Killip, Oct. 10, '61, dis. Sept. 10, '64. 
 Watson King, Sept. 21, '61, dis. May 27, '62. 
 Louis Koenig, Oct. 14, '61, dis. Jan. 29, '63. 
 Jacob S. Kay, Oct. 14, '61, died Oct. 7, '64. 
 Samuel Kell, Oct. 7, '61. 
 Peter Kelly, Jan. 31, '65. 
 William Kent, August 15, '64. 
 Michael Love, Jan. 2, '64, dis. July 1, '65. 
 John M. Lutz, Sept. 10, '61, dis. Sept. 10, '64. 
 Daniel Lutz, Nov. 6, '61, died June 24, '64. 
 James Leonard, August 15, '62. 
 Charles Marshall, Sept. 10, '61, dis. Sept. 10, '64. 
 Geo. H. Mcintosh, Feb. 3, '64, dis. July 21, '65. 
 Wm. H. McKeen, Sept. 21, '61, dis. July 1, '65. 
 Aug. R. McMahon, June 14, '64, dis. July 1, '65. 
 Wm. Mershon, Feb. 2, '64, dis. July 1, '65. 
 Frederick N. Moore, Jan. 2, '64, dis. June 26, '65. 
 Wm. H. Myers, Sept. 21, '61, dis. Sept. 21, '64. 
 Daniel G. Miller, Nov. 21, '71, dis. April 10, '63. 
 L. McConnell, Oct. 14, '61, died Dec. 5, '64, of wds. 
 Michael Maher, Jan. 28, '64. 
 William H. Martin, March 21, '64. 
 Daniel McCahill, Dec. 9, '63. 
 Charles McCarthy, Jan. 31, '65. 
 John B. McCord, Feb. 1, '65. 
 John McGinnis, Sept. 14, '61. 
 Thomas Meagher, Aug. 28, '63. 
 Peter Miller, Sept. 21, '61. 
 John Morris, March 4, '64. 
 Wm. O. Nelson, Feb. 2, '65, dis. July 1, '65. 
 Henry North, Sept. 24, '61, dis. Sept. 24, '64. 
 Henry Nichols, Sept. 21, '61, died March 28, '62. 
 Abraham Palmer, Dec 4, '61, dis. July 1, '65. 
 Clayton Parker, Sept. 10, '61, dis. Sept. 10, '64. 
 Henry Parker, Jan. 23, '65, dis. July 1, '65. 
 James Peaden, Jan. 24, '65, dis. July 1, '65. 
 Theodore Peeire, April 30, '65, dis. July 1, '65. 
 John H. Piatt, Sept. 21, '61, dis. Sept. 21, '64. 
 Samuel Pine, Nov. 9, '61, dis. May 21, '69. 
 James Powderly, Aug. 16, '62, dis. June 22, '65. 
 Jacob L. Parker, Sept. 10, '61, dis. May 24, '62. 
 John H. Paull, March 29, '64, dis. Jan. 26, '65. 
 John B. Porter, April 5, '64. 
 Thomas Rafferty, Dec. 4, '63, dis. July 1, '65. 
 Wm. B. Reynolds, Sept. 7, '64, dis. June 13, ■'65. 
 George Roseman, Nov. 23, '61, dis. July 1, '65. 
 Wm. B. Ryker, Dec. 24, '63, dis. June 14, '65. 
 Samuel Roads, Feb. 16, '64, killed June 1, '64. 
 John A. Roary, Sept. 21, '61, died July 3, '64. 
 Philip Rader, July 4, '62. 
 James Reynolds, Feb. 11, 64. 
 William Robb, Jr., Sept. 10, '61. 
 Samuel Sharp, Sept. 21, '61, dis. July 1, '65. 
 Cornelius Shea, Aug. 1, '63, dis. July 1,'65. 
 
128 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 John A. Simmerman, Sept. 7, '61, dis. July 1, '65. 
 
 Charles Sipe, Feb. 10, '64, dis. July 1, '65. 
 
 George Smith, Jan. 31, '65, dis. July 1, '65. 
 
 John Smith, Jan. 31, '65, dis. July 1, '65, 
 
 Larkin Smith, Sept. 21, '61, dis. July 1, '65. 
 
 Abraham Spargo, Dec. 24, '63, dis. July 1, '65. 
 
 Charles Swain, Oct. 28, '61, dis. July 1, '65. 
 
 Joseph E. Subers, Feb. 16, '64, died April 14, '64. 
 
 Joseph Saulsberry, Sept. 21, '61. 
 
 John Shelley, Feb. 1, '65. 
 
 Henry W. Smith, Sept. 10, '61. 
 
 Charles Springer, Jan. 21, '64. 
 
 George Sprowl, Jan. 5, '64. 
 
 Stephen Stimax, Sept. 21, '61. 
 
 Christian W. Smith, Oct. 26, '61, trans, to V. B. C. 
 
 Thomas Stevenson, Jan. 14, '64, dis. July 6, '65 . 
 
 James Stewart, Aug. 25, '64. 
 
 Thomas Sweeney, Jan. 24, '65. 
 
 Frederick Taple, Sept. 24, '61, dis. July 1, '65. 
 
 John Thompson, Dec. 24, '63, dis. July 1, '65. 
 
 Edward Tobin, Dec. 24, '61, dis. July 1, '65. 
 
 Eugene Taylor, Sept. 21, '61, killed Sept. 19, '64. 
 
 John W. Thomas, Sept. 21, '61. 
 
 Walter B. Thomas, Oct. 7, '61. 
 
 William Thompson, Aug. 19, '63. 
 
 Alfred Turner, Feb. 16, '64. 
 
 John Twilagen, June 21, '64. 
 
 Israel E. Vanneman, Sept. 7, '61, dis. July 6, '65. 
 
 John Volkert, Oct. 13, '61, dis. July 1, '64. 
 
 William Vankirk, Feb. 22, '64. 
 
 John Watson, Sept. 21, '61, dis. May6,-'65. 
 
 George Weiser, Sept. 10, '61,dis. April 24, '65. 
 
 George Williamson, Oct. 14, '61, dis. July 1, '65. 
 
 Firth Wood, Sept. 21, '61, dis. May 6, '65. 
 
 David Wells, Sept. 21, '61, died April 14, '63. 
 
 Levi P. Wilson, Sept. 10, '61, died May 21, '62. 
 
 Daniel R. Winner, Sept. 10, '61, died June 4, '63. 
 
 Edward Wade, Aug. 19, '63. 
 
 Joseph Wade, March 14, '64. 
 
 George W. Wallace, Dec. 4, '63. 
 
 Martin Walsh, Jan. 31, '65. 
 
 Moses Wells, July 10, '62. 
 
 Isaac Williams, Jan. 23, '65. 
 
 John Wells, Sept. 21, '61. 
 
 David 0, Yourison, Sept. 23, '61, died March 2, '62. 
 
 Thomas Veach, Sept. 21, '61, dis. May 2, '65. 
 
 Of this company, Sergeant William Rich 
 was killed in the battle of Winchester ; 
 Privates Levi Butler killed May 14, 1864, 
 in Shenandoah Valley; Samuel Roads killed 
 June 1, 1864; Edward Davis killed in battle 
 July 13, 1864; Eugene Taylor killed Sep- 
 tember 19, 1864. 
 
 COMPAKY E, TENTH NEW JERSEY VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 Captains. 
 George W. Scott, Jan. 21, '62, dis. Oct. 19, '65. 
 John Wilson, Jan. 7, '65, dis. July 1, '65. 
 
 First Lieutenants. 
 Albert M. Buck, Dec. 10, '61, dis. Dec. 16, '64. 
 Richard M. Popham, Mar. 16, '65, dis. July 1, '65. 
 
 Second Lieutenants. 
 Joseph Miller, Jan. 25, '62, resigned Jan. 29, '62. 
 G. W. Hughes, Jan. 6, '65, p. 1st lieut. Co.H Jan. 
 
 23, '65. 
 Richard J. Robertson, Feb. 1, '65, dis. July 1,'65. 
 
 First Sergeants. 
 John B. Wright, Sept. 30, '61, pro. 2d lieut. Co. K, 
 
 34th Regt., Nov. 10, '63. 
 J. D. Richardson, Sept. 29, '61, p. com.-sergt. Sept. 
 
 21, '64. 
 James Nichols, Feb. 17, '64, dis. July 1, '65. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 Edward W. Venable, Oct. 31, '61, pro. 2d lieut. Co. 
 
 B May 21, '65. 
 Wickliflf W. Parkhurst, Nov. 9, '61, dis. July 1, '65. 
 Robert M. Hillman, June 23, '62, dis. July 1, 65. 
 H. C. Snyder, Sept. 28, '61, died June 8, '64, of wds. 
 T. B. Wescoat, Jan. 13, '62, died May 17, '64, of wds. 
 William S. Cazier, Dec. 18, '61, died Aug. 19, '64. 
 
 Corporals. 
 Samuel H. Lees, Dec. 14, '61, dis. July 1, '65. 
 Jefferson S. Somers, Dec. 5, '61, dis. July 1, '65. 
 Mahlon S. Shrouds, Nov. 26, '61, dis. July 1, '65. 
 Thomas Hartshorn, Feb. 29, '64, dis. July 1,'65. 
 Horatio H. Snyder, Sept. 28, '61, dis. Oct. 1,'64. 
 Walter Drake, Feb. 29, '64, dis. June 20, '65. 
 Charles A. Thorn, Sept. 7, '61, dis. June 2, '65. 
 George W. Woodford, Nov. 20, 61, dis. Nov. 30, '62. 
 Riley Letts, Dec. 26, '61, dis. Nov. 9, '63. 
 David Gifford, Nov. 26, '61, dis. June 21, '62. 
 Jonathan W. Wescoat, Dec. 26, '61, died Jan. 7, '65. 
 J. Stephenson, muc, Sept. 21, '61, dis. July 1, '65. 
 Samuel A. Webb, muc, Dec. 26, '61, dis. July 5, '65. 
 Wm. W. Chatten, muc, Dec 26,'61, dis. Nov. 7, '62. 
 William Conley, wag., Dec. 7, '61, died Mar. 12, '63. 
 
 Privates. 
 Thomas W. Adams, Feb. 27, '64, dis, July 1, '65. 
 William L. Adams, Feb. 16, '64, dis. July 1,'65. 
 Joseph Alexander, Feb. 27, '64, dis. July 1, '65. 
 Isaac Andrews, Feb. 27, '64, dis. July 18, '65. 
 Ebenezer Adams, Jan. 4, '64, dis. May 20, '65. 
 Richard J. Abbott, Jan. 13, '62, killed July 12, '62. 
 Pitman Adams, Feb. 29, '64, died Sept. 18, '64. ' 
 Robert Anderson, Jan. 23, '65. 
 William H. Anderson, Jan. 7, '65. 
 Theodore Arringdale, Mar. 2, '64. 
 
THE WAR FOR THE UNION. 
 
 129 
 
 Henry Arneth, Dec. 17, '61. 
 William Bartlett, Feb. 27, '64, dis. July 1, '65. 
 William Bogarth, Dec. 26, '61, dis. July 1, '65. 
 Freeman Briggs, Feb. 24, '64, dis. May 30, '65. 
 Herman Brunsing, Nov. 18, '64, dis. June 19, '65. 
 Isaiah Briggs, Feb. 10, '64, dis. Jan. 16, '65. 
 Charles Brighton, Jan. 13, '62, dis. Jan. 15, '65. 
 Henry Biggs, Dec. 23, '63, trans, to Co. I. 
 Joseph Branson, Jan. 5, '64, trans, to Co. C. 
 Edward Brown, Jan. 4, '63, trans, to Co. D. 
 James H. Bergen, June 19, '62. 
 John Berry, Jan. 17, '63. 
 Aaron V. Brown, Nov. 10, '62. 
 Adolph Busa, Nov. 20, '61. 
 Joseph Cain, Jan. 4, '64, dis. July 1, '65. 
 David E. Clark, Jan. 4, '64, dis. June 6, '65. 
 Jonah N. Clark, Jan. 4, '64, dis. July 1, '65. 
 Thomas Coll, Jan. 22, '64, dis. July 1, '65. 
 Benjamin E. Conover, Feb. 27, '64, dis. July 1, '65. 
 Burris Conover, Dec. 14, '61, dis. July 1,'65. 
 James Conover, Jan. 4, '64, dis. July 1, '65. 
 Jesse Conover, Dec. 26, '61, dis. July 1, '65. 
 Pitman J. Conover, Dec. 14, '61, dis. July 6, '65. 
 David Cline, Dec. 26, '61, dis. June 28, '62. 
 Charles Conover, Dec. 23, '61, dis. Nov. 10, '62. 
 Casper H. Cregg, Jan. 13, '62, dis. May 24, '65. 
 John Cregg, Jan. 13, '62, dis. July 23, '63. 
 Alden Clarke, Dec. 26, '61, dis. Feb. 4, '62. 
 James Clark, Feb. 27, '64, killed in act. May 14, '64. 
 Jesse H. Clark, Feb. 27, '64, died Feb. 11, '65. 
 Robert S. Combs, Feb. 26, '64, died Aug. 17, '64. 
 Job C. Conover, Dec. 7, '61, died June 1, '64. 
 Recompense Conover, Jan. 4, '64, died Dec. 11, '64. 
 Martin Callan, March 31, '64. 
 Isaac Cheeseman, November 12, '61. 
 Somers Conover, Oct. 8, '61. 
 John W. Davis, Sep. 29, '61, dis. July 1, '65. 
 Henry Distelhurst, Feb. 24, '64, dis. May. 30, '65. 
 Daniel C. Doughty, Aug. 24, '63, dis. May 18, '65. 
 Cornelius Duch, Jan. 4, '64, dis. June 9, '65. 
 Jesse Dayton, Dec. 26, 61, dis. June 4, '62. 
 Josiah Dilks, Dec. 5, '61, dis. Dec. 7, '63. 
 Jonathan R. Dailey, Jan. 13, '62, trans, to V. R. C. 
 William Douglass, Dec. 25, '61 . 
 William H. Emmons, Aug. 16, '62, dis. Aug. 18, '64. 
 Joshua Elberson, Dec. 9, '63, died June 22, '64. 
 Wyckoflf Emmons, Jan. 13, '62. 
 John H. Fielding, Feb. 8, '64, dis. July 1, '65. 
 William Fitzgerald, Jan. 14, '64, dis. July 1, '65. 
 John W. Forox, Feb. 24, '64, dis. June 9, '65. 
 William B. Frazier, Nov. 19, '61, dis. May 24, '64. 
 Frederick Fosmer, Nov. 8, '61. 
 William Garey, July 10, '62, dis. July 1, '65. 
 John L. Gifford, Nov. 26, '61, dis. June 8, '65. 
 Joseph Garron, Dec 18, '63, trans, to Co. B. 
 17 
 
 David Giflford, Jan. 24, '62, trans, to V. E. C. 
 Oliver Goodnow, Jan. 5, '64, died Dec. 11, '64. 
 Joshua Gorton, March 3, '64, died Jan. 20, '65. 
 John F. Grinder, Oct. 19, '61^ died Sep. 3, '63. 
 Charles Glenn, Aug. 24, '63. 
 Henry Higbee, Feb. 26, '64, dis. July 1, '65. 
 Fred. Hillerman, July 10, '62, dis. July 22, '65. 
 William D. Hoover, Feb. 27, '64, dis. July 1, '65. 
 Stephen H. Horn, Jan. 2, '62, dis. July 1, '65. 
 John H. Hackett, Oct. 31, '61, dis. April 10, '63. 
 Aaron Hoaglaud, Dec. 10, '61, dis. May 10, '62. 
 Mahlon Horman, Dec. 5, '61, dis. June 16, '62. 
 Charles H. Huntsman, Dec. 26, '61, killed in action 
 
 Oct. 19, '64. 
 Joseph Hays, Oct. 22, '61. 
 
 Sydenham W. Houser, Feb. 25,,'64, trans, to Co. I. 
 John Hunt, Dec. 23, '63. 
 Charles Jess, June 28, '62, dis. July 1, '65. 
 Wesley Jess, July 7, '62, dis. July 1, '65. 
 Charles D. Johnson, Jan. 4, '62, dis. July 1, '65. 
 Nathan M. Jackaway, June 13, '62, dis. Feb. 7, '63, 
 William H. Jackson, Jan. 5, '64, died May 16, '64. 
 William H. Johnson, Jan. 4, '62. 
 Mahlon G. Kesler, Aug. 17, '63, dis. July 1, '65. 
 William Kent, Aug. 15, '64, trans, to Co. A. 
 J. Koerner, Nov. 26,'64, died Apr. 24,'65, of wounds. 
 Martin Kenna, June 19, '62. 
 John Kenty, Dec. 1, '61. 
 James Lawrence, July 14, '62, dis. July 1, '65. 
 Richard Leavy, Nov. 11, '64, dis. July 1, '65. 
 Joel D. Ledden, March 3, '64, dis. July 1, '65. 
 Gustave Lueder, Nov. 17, '64, dis. July 1, '65. 
 William Landon, Oct. 9, '62, dis. Jan. 10, '65. 
 Joseph Lee, Dec. 5, '61, dis. June 20, '62. 
 John Leonard,' Feb. 17, '64. 
 Francis Lill, Feb. 25, '65, trans, to Co. I. 
 Patrick McGrory, Nov. 29, '64, dis. June 26, '65. 
 John McSorley, May 2, '62, dis. July 1, '65. 
 Matthew Midgley, Nov. 23, '64, dis. July 1, '65. 
 John Misson, Aug. 19, '64, dis. July 1, '65. 
 Zedic E. Moore, Nov. 22, '64, dis. July 1, '65. 
 John Murray, Nov. 12, '64, dis. July 1, '65. 
 William A. Mason, Oct. 31, '61, dis. Nov. 4, '62. 
 Major S. Mathews, Dec. 26, '61, dis. June 21, '62. 
 Robert Martin, March 8, '64, trans, to U. S. Navy. 
 Richard F. Magee, Jan. 23, '62, died Oct. 31, '64. 
 James McMullen, Feb. 23, '64, killed in action 
 
 May 14, '64. 
 Charies C. Morgan, Oct. 19, '61, died Dec. 5, '64. 
 Emanuel Miller, Aug. 30, '62. 
 Romulus Morgan, Oct. 18, '62. 
 George S. Nicholas, Nov. 13, '61, dis. July 1, '65. 
 Cornelius Post, Sep. 21, '64. dis. June 22, '65. 
 Chris'er F. Pomeroy, Mar. 27,'63, trans to V. R. C. 
 Mark Peachy, Nov. 19, '61, died Nov. 28, '64. 
 
130 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Andrew J. Peck, Dec. 29, '61, died Nov. 28,;63. 
 
 Thomas Peterson, Nov. 11, '61, died Jan. 16, '62. 
 
 Edward Perry, Dec. 19, '61. 
 
 Tliomas Phillips, Dec. 25, '61. 
 
 John Prior, Sep. 16, '63. 
 
 Aaron E. Reed, Feb. 27, '64, dis. July 1, '65. 
 
 John Reed, Jan. 31, '65. 
 
 Robert Reed, March 11, '64. 
 
 David W. Rodman, Nov. 6, '61. 
 
 William Rogers, Oct. 23, '62. 
 
 Samuel Rose, Oct. 22, '61. 
 
 Edward Riley, Feb. 2, '65, dis. July 1, '65. 
 
 Patrick Riley, Feb. 2, '66, dis. July 1, '65. 
 
 Charles J. Roberts, Feb. '2, '65, dis. July 1, '65. 
 
 Alex. C. Robinson, Jan. 2, '65, dis. July 19, '65. 
 
 Leverett G. Rogers, Feb. 2, '64, dis. July 1, '65. 
 
 Wm. A. Roxbury, Aug. 10, '68, dis. July 12, '65. 
 
 Benjamin F. Scott, March 6, '65, dis. July 1, '65. 
 
 John Sears, Nov. 22, '64, dis. July 1, '65. 
 
 John Seery, March 29, '64, dis. June 29, '65. 
 
 John P. Shirley, March 11, '64, dis. July 1, '65. 
 
 Milton D. Shirley, Feb. 10, '64, dis. July 13, '65. 
 
 James M. Smallwood, Feb. 27, '64, dis. July 1, '65. 
 
 Lewis S. Smith, Feb. 27, '64, dis. July 1, '65. 
 
 John H. Sperry, Feb. 21, '63, dis. July 1, '65. 
 
 Lemuel Springfield, Sep. 29, '64, dis. June 22, '65. 
 
 Daniel C. Stebbins, Feb. 27, '64, dis. July 1, '65. 
 
 John Stewart, Oct. 29, '61, dis. July 1, '65. 
 
 Mathias Switzer, Jan. 23, '62, dis. July 1, '65. 
 
 Philip Shaw, Oct. 14, '61, dis. April 20, '65. 
 
 John M. Smith, Sep. 29, '64, dis. May 15, '65. 
 
 Risley Somers, Dec. 26, '61, dis. Feb. 9, '64. 
 
 Jos. W. Smallwood, Feb. 27, '64, killed May 12, '64. 
 
 Jonas Somers, Jan. 4, '64, died Aug. 18, '64. 
 
 John Shields, Dec. 14, '63. 
 
 Joseph Smith, Aug. 18, '63: 
 
 William Stokley, Nov. 7, '61. 
 
 Jesse Thomas, Jan. 4, '65, dis. July 1, '65. 
 
 Charles B. States, Nov. 25, '61, dis. Nov. 25, '64. 
 
 Philip A. Stephenson, June 22, '63, trans, to Co. H. 
 
 John Thompson, Sept. 5, '64. 
 
 John Tolan, Feb. 2, '65. 
 
 A. T. Van Horn, Jan. 4, '64, disch. July 1, '65. 
 
 N. L. Walters, Dec. 2, '62, disch. July 1, '65. 
 
 John Weaber, Nov. 21, '64, disch. July 6, '65. 
 
 Asa M. Wilson, Jan. 23, '62, disch. July 1, '65. 
 
 James Wright, March 1, '62, disch. July 1, '65. 
 
 John Wickam, Dec. 16, '61, disch. Feb. 9, '64. 
 
 Thomas Wilson, Nov. 9, '61, disch. Feb. 23, '63. 
 
 S. C. Winfield, March 30, '64, disch. Sept. 20, '64. 
 
 Harrison Wilson, Feb. 27, '64, died May 8, '64. 
 
 Joseph Weyman, Oct. 25, '62. 
 
 Henry Williams, Feb. 2, '63. 
 
 William Young, Dec. 9, '61, disch. July 24, '62. 
 
 Jacob Zitell, Oct. 30, '62. 
 
 Robert Zitell, Oct. 30, '62. 
 
 The following is a list of the killed of this 
 company : Privates, Richard J. Abbott, July 
 12, 1862 ; James Clark, May 14, 1864, in the 
 Wilderness ; James McMullen, May 14, 1864 ; 
 Joseph W. Smallwood, May 12, 1864; 
 Charles H. Huntsman, October 19, 1864. 
 
 COMPANY H. 
 
 Captains. 
 J. R. Cunningham, Nov. 22, '61, resig. Mar. 16, '64. 
 G. W. Hummell, April 22, '64, disch. May3,'65. 
 
 First Lieutenants. 
 W. R. Maxwell, Nov. 16, '61, pro. capt. Co. H, 4th 
 
 Regt., Oct. 22, '62. 
 Wm. H. Axe, Nov. 8, '62, resig. Sept. 11, '63. 
 Robert Love, April 22, '64, vice Hummell, pro. 
 George Hughes, Jan. 30, '65, disch. July 1. '65. , 
 
 Second Lieutenants. 
 S. A. Steinmetz, Nov. 8, '62, pro. 1st lieut. Co. I 
 
 Sep. 27, '63. 
 Joseph D. Smith, Oct, 4, '63, disch. Jan. 2, '65. 
 John B. Hoffman, Feb. 24, '65, disch. July 1, '65. 
 
 First Sergeants. 
 J. McComb, Oct. 31, '61, pro. 2d lieut. Co. E, 12th 
 
 Regt., Aug. 22, '62. 
 J, P. Newkirk, Oct. 28, '61, pro. 2d lieut. Co. C 
 
 May 21, '65. 
 John Sowers, Oct. 21, '61, disch. July 1, '65. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 John A. Mather, Oct. 21, '61 ; dis. Oct. 24, '64. 
 R. J. Robertson, Oct. 29, '61, pro. 2d lieut. Co. E 
 
 Jan. 23, '65. 
 Silas Glaspey, March 7, '62, disch. July 1, '65. 
 Lewis M. Perkins, Oct. 25, '61, disch. July 1, '65. 
 George W. Bowen, Nov. 24, '61, disch. July 1, '65. 
 Geo. B. Anderson, Sept. 21, '61, disch. Oct. 5, '62. 
 Thomas H. Heward, Nov. 12, '61, died Feb. 28, '65. 
 Charles E. Hugg, Nov. 12, '61, died Feb. 19, '65. 
 Charles Ecky, Nov. 4, '61. 
 Horace L. Haines, Oct. 25, '61. 
 Corporals. 
 John Bradford, June 26, '62, disch. July 1, '65. 
 Richard Shimp, Nov. 8, '61, disch. July 1, '65. 
 John G. Stiles, Nov. 14, '61, disch. .July 1, '65. 
 Robert Sparks, Oct. 21, '61, disch. July 1, '66. 
 Joseph Marshall, Dec. 26, '61, disch. July 1, '65. 
 Nathan Campbell, Nov. 11, '61, disch. July 1, '65. 
 John Hildebrandt, Nov. 23, '61, disch. July 1, :65. 
 Charles E.Tomlin,Nov. 18, '61, disch. Feb. 18, '65. 
 Albert Davis, Nov. 4, '61, trans, to V. R. C. 
 Clayton Edwards, Oct. 26, '61. 
 Edward Thornton, Oct. 31, '61. 
 
THE WAR FOR THE UNION. 
 
 131 
 
 Charles Lewis, Nov. 9, '61. 
 
 Charles E. Hamblin, Nov. 22, '61. 
 
 Henry Frost, June 2, '62. 
 
 D. Crammer, muc, Sept. 21, '61, disch. July 1, '65. 
 
 C. M. Hoey, muc, Oct. 22, '61, disch. Nov. 21, '64. 
 
 H. Deickman, muc, Jan. 24, '65, disch. July 1, '65. 
 
 Ed. Schooley, wag., Nov. 20, '61, disch. July 1,'65. 
 
 Privates. 
 A. H. Atkinson, Nov. 14, '61, disch. Nov. 13, '64. 
 W. M. Adams, Nov. 1, '61, trans, to Co. K. 
 H. H. Archer, Oct. 28, '61, trans, to Co. G. 
 John R. Anderson, Sept. 27, '62. 
 Isaac A. Archer, Feb. 4, '64. 
 Albert Beck, Jan. 29, '64, disch. July 1, '65. 
 Jacob Becker, Nov. 11, '64, disch. July 1, '65. 
 Thos. Black, June 16, '62, disch. June 22, '65. 
 George Bradford, Nov. 4, '61, disch. July 6, '65. 
 John Breyer, March 8, '62, disch. July 1, '65. 
 J. A. Brown, Jan. 24, '64, disch. Oct. 25, '65. 
 A. W. Brown, Oct. 22, '61, disch. July 1, '65. 
 Salvatore Bruno, Jan. 24, '65, disch. July 1, '65. 
 Michael Burns, Jan. 24, '65, disch. July 1, '65. 
 Wm. Burroughs, Oct. 23, '61, disch. July 1, '65. 
 James Braman, Sept. 30, '62, disch. Nov. 1, '62. 
 
 C. Burke, Sept. 16, '62, trans, to civil authority. 
 Wm. Bozarth, Feb. 23, '64, died May 22, '64. 
 John G. Bishop, Nov. 19, '61. 
 
 Peter Booze, Nov. 18, '61. 
 Charles Boswick, Nov. 24, '61. 
 Joseph Brown, March 15, '64. 
 Wm. Brown, Jan. 21, '65. 
 
 D. Campion, April 8, '65, disch. July 1, '65. 
 James Cassaday, Jan. 16, '65, disch. July 1, '65. 
 F. J. Clarke, May 19, '62, disch. July 1, '65. 
 Michael Cornell, Jan. 23, '65, disch. July 1, '65. 
 Howard Crawford, Jan. 24, '65, disch. June 13,'65. 
 Thos. Colligan, Oct. 4, '62, disch. July 16, '64. 
 Christian Crawley, Oct. 28, '61, trans, to Co. B. 
 Somers Conover, Oct. 8, '61, trans, to Co. E. 
 John Coats, Dec. 1, '61, died Oct. 10, '62. 
 Daniel D. Carpenter, Oct. 25, '61. 
 
 John Cooley, March 10, '62. 
 Joseph Cooper, Nov. 13, '61. 
 Richard S. Cooper, Oct. 25, '61. 
 George Costabatter, Jan. 23, '65. 
 Charles Curtis, Jan. 23, '65. 
 George Daisey, Jan. 23, '65, disch. June 13, '65. 
 Wesley Dare, July 2, '62, disch. July 1, '65. 
 Fred. Diehr, April 6, '65, disch. June 30, '65. 
 Jacob Draybach, Jan. 24, '65, disch. July 1, '65. 
 Joseph Dente, Nov. 12, '61, disch. Aug. 23, '62. 
 Henry Disbrow, Oct. 28, '61, disch. Oct. 31, '62. 
 Wm. Dorrington, Nov. 24, '61, disch. July 23, '62. 
 Frank Dunn, March 8, '64. 
 
 Henry Durling, Oct. 23, '61. 
 
 John Eagen, Jan. 24, '65, disch. July 1, '65. 
 
 Jacob Eishorn, Jan. 28, '65, disch. July 1, '65. 
 
 Alfred S. Ellison, Feb. 19, '64. 
 
 William C. Elwell, Oct. 31, '61. 
 
 Fred. Falkenburg, Jan. 23, '65, disch. July 1, '65. 
 
 Mesick P. Fish, Oct. 25, '61, disch. April 26, '65. 
 
 William C. Fisher, Sept. 14, '61, disch. Aug. 8, '62. 
 
 George Frey, Sept. 25, '62, disch. Jan. 13, '66. 
 
 John R. Farquhar, Oct. 23, '61. 
 
 David Fee, Nov. 8, '61. 
 
 John R. Freeman, Jan. 24, '65. 
 
 John Fry, March 1, '64. 
 
 Anthony Garvin, Oct. 6, ''61, disch. July 1, '65. 
 
 Edward Gottwald, Jan. 23, '65, disch. July 1, '65. 
 
 Thomas Gannon, Oct. 17, '61, trans, to Co. K. 
 
 Jeremiah Gaskill, Nov. 1, '61, trans, to Co. K. 
 
 Jacob Gammell, June 26, '62, killed June 8, '64. 
 
 William Hack, Jan. 24, '65, disch. July 12, '65. 
 
 Frederick Hallman, Jan. 24, '65, disch. July 1, '65. 
 
 Edgar Hartley, March 1, '64, disch. June 13, '65. 
 
 Isaac G. Hays, Dec. 5, '61, disch. July 1, '65. 
 
 Thos. Heatherly, Jan. 24, '65, disch. July 19, '65. 
 
 Conrad Hester, Jan. 24, '65, disch. July 1, '65. 
 
 Lewis C. Heirs, Oct. 31, '61, disch. July 12, '65. 
 
 Edwin B. Heirs, Oct. 31, '61, disch. July 12, '65. 
 
 George Heiiner, Feb. 11, '64, disch. July 1, '65. 
 
 Charles Hays, Sept. 3, '62, disch. Nov. 1, '62. 
 
 Henry Heap, Nov. 5, '61, disch. Aug. 23, '64. 
 
 William Hornby, Nov. 24, '61, disch. July 15, '62 
 
 Aaron Hess, Sept. 14, '61, died June 14, '64. 
 
 John Henderson, Jan. 24, '65. 
 
 Charles Higgins, Jan. 21, '65. 
 
 James Hill, Feb. 9, '64. 
 
 John Hoffman, Jan. 30, '65. 
 
 John J. Hamilton, Feb. 22, '64. 
 
 Charles Irwin, June 26, '62, disch. June 17, '65. 
 
 John Jacobs, Jan. 23, '65, disch. July 5, '65. 
 
 John A. Janvier, Feb. 13, '64, disch. July 1, '65. 
 
 Thomas Johnson, Jan. 23, '65, disch. July 1, '65. 
 
 Henry James, Jan. 31, '65. 
 
 John James, Jan. 23, '65. 
 
 James Jamison, March 14, '64. 
 
 Disere Jeror, Feb. 2, '64. 
 
 Peter Johnson, Feb. 1, '65. 
 
 Thomas Jones, Feb. 28, '64. 
 
 James Karns, July 2, '62, disch. July 1, '65. 
 
 Wm. C. Kemble, Jan. 12, '62, disch. Jan. 12, '64. 
 
 Ludwig Klein, April 6, '65, disch. July 1, '65. 
 
 Joseph Kelley, Feb. 2, '65. 
 
 Thomas King, March 14, '64. 
 
 Elmer Johnston, April 1, '64, disch. Aug. 10, '65. 
 
 Alfred L. Hartman, Oct. 28, '61, trans, to Co. K. 
 
 Henry Henderson, Feb. 2, '64. 
 
 Leonard Hirsch, Nov. 1, '61, trans, to Co. B. 
 
132 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Charles Lauer, April 6, '65, disch. July 1, '65. 
 John A. Lauer, Aug. 9, '64, disch. June 22, "65. 
 Elias LeflfertB, April 28, '62, disch. May 24, '65. 
 Wm. B. Lancaster, Feb. 21, '64, died Sept. 15, '64. 
 Samuel Lindsey, Jan. 29, '64, died June 9, '64. 
 William Lawrence, April 26, '64. 
 Charles H. Loyd, Feb. 1, '64. 
 N. G. Maling, Jan. 25, '64, disch. July 1, '65. 
 T. H. Maling, Jan. 25, '64, disch. July 1, '65. 
 James McCarty, Jan. 24, '65, disch. July 1, '65. 
 W. S. Metier, Aug. 9, '64, disch. June 22, '65. 
 Martin Miller, Dec. 1, '61, disch. July 12, '65. 
 Joseph Mitchell, April 10, '65, disch. July 1, '65. 
 Charles Moore, Sept. 27, '62, disch. Nov. 1, '62. 
 Charles Merrill, May 10, '62, trans, to V. R. C. 
 W. G. Miller, Oct. 25, '61, died July 25, '63. 
 Christopher Myers, Nov. 19, '61, died April 6, '64. 
 Daniel Mailing, March 15, '64. 
 Thomas McCauley, Jan' 23, '65. 
 Henry McGinnis, Nov. 5, '61. 
 Thomas McGuire, May 19, '62. 
 Hugh Molntire, Nov. 5, '61. 
 Isaac McKinley, Nov. 19, '61. 
 John McVey, Feb. 4, '64. 
 Thomas Meher, Nov. 19, '61. 
 James Morris, Jan. 23, '65. 
 William C. Morris, Oct. 25, '61. 
 Robert O. Mullinoux, Nov. 16, '61. 
 John Murry, March 15, '64. 
 M. Nausbaum, Jan. 23, '65, disch. July 1, '65. 
 Wm. Newton, Nov. 4, '61, disch. May 17, '62. 
 Albert J. Nichols, Nov. 5, '61, disch. July 8, '62. 
 Jacob Newman, Feb. 2, '64, trans, to Co. I. 
 Henry H. Nichols, Oct. 31, "61, died Mar. 14, '65. 
 Stockton C. Pullen, Oct. 28, '61, dis. June 13, '65. 
 Benjamin Pine, Oct. 31, '61, dis. Nov. 1, '62. 
 Jacob F. Parker, Aug. 9, '64, dis. May 5, '65. 
 Ephraim Palmer, Oct. 31, '61, died Marcli 21, '63. 
 
 E. D. Patterson, Nov. 5, '61, died May 14, '64. 
 James O'Brien, March 15, '64. 
 
 Martin F. Regan, July 21, '62, disch. July 1, '65. 
 
 F. J. Reinfried, Oct. 22, "61, disch. July 6, '65. 
 P. J. Romer, Nov. 21, '61, disch. July 1, '65. 
 William Ross, Oct. 25, '61, trans, to Co. I. 
 David B. Russell, Jan. 3, '64, died Dec. 19, '64. 
 Patrick Ratchford, Jan. 24, '65. 
 
 John Repshure, Nov. 1, '61. 
 John R. Richardson, Nov. 22, '61. 
 William Ryan, Mar. 23, '64. 
 Edward N. Sapp, Oct. 28, '61, disch. Oct. 27, '64. 
 Henry Schrame, Feb. 1, '65, disch. July 1, '65. 
 John A. Smith, Feb. 2, '65, disch. July 1, '65. 
 A. H. Stillwell, Sept. 21, '61, disch. July 1, '65. 
 Theo. F. Strahmire, Dec. 31, '61, disch. July 1, '65. 
 John Straway, Feb. 27, '64, disch. June 14, '65. 
 
 James Sayers, Oct. 31, '61, disch. April 22, '62. 
 Isaac Shute, Nov. 14, '61, disch. Oct. 2, '62. 
 George Smith, Aug. 27, '62, disch. Nov. 4, '62. 
 William Stewart, Aug. 28, '61, disch. Deo. 26, '61. 
 Charles 0. Stitzer, Nov. 4, '61, disch. Dec. 26, '61. 
 James W. Smith, June 26, '62, trans, to Co. C. 
 Thomas Stiles, March 5, '64, disch. July 24, '65. 
 W. Saulsbury, Sep. 14, '61, killed in act. May 12, '64. 
 P. Stephenson, Nov. 13, '61, kd. in act. June 3, '64. 
 Gottlieb Schaeffer, March 16, '64. 
 Henry Schwartz, Feb. 2, '64. 
 George Shear, Nov. 24, '61. 
 Patrick Simon, March 20, '64. 
 James Sullivan, Sept. 30, '62. 
 John W. Taylor, March 7, '64, disch. July 1, '65. 
 John Tracy, Feb. 26, '64, trans, to V. R. C. 
 Frederick Taylor, Oct. 25, '61. 
 Henry Thompson, March 5, '64. 
 Henry Thompson, Sept. 27, '62, 
 Matthew Thune, Feb. 26, '64. 
 Francis Tounge, May 19, '62. 
 William H. Treen, Oct. 23, '61. 
 Peter Van Patten, Oct. 4, '61, disch. Nov. 1, '62. 
 Henry Van Geison, Oct. 17, '61, trans, to V. R. C. 
 George Ward, Jan. 29, '64, disch. July 1, '65. 
 Martin Ward, Feb. 2, '65, disch. June 13, '65. 
 E. S. Warford, Sept. 12, '61, disch. Sept. 12, '64. 
 Thomas Wells, April 8, '65, disch. July 1, '65. 
 J. W. Wilson, March 10, '62, disch. March 10, '65. 
 John T. Wilson, Feb. 26, '64, disch. July 6, '65. 
 W. B. Warford, Sept. 21, '61, disch. Jan. 30, '63. 
 C. Winckler, Feb. 24, '64, killed in act. June 1, '64. 
 Richard Wally, Oct. 25, '61. 
 William Ward, Oct. 24, '61. 
 John H. Watson, Aug. 20, '63. 
 Charles Welsh, Jan. 31, '65. 
 
 The killed who belonged to this company 
 were William Saulsbury, May 12, 1864; 
 Jacob Gamewell, June 8,1864; Philip Stev- 
 enson, June 3, 1864 ; Charles Winckler, June 
 1, 1864 — all privates. 
 
 COMPANY I, TENTH REGIMENT, NEW JERSEY VOL- 
 UNTEERS. 
 
 Captains. 
 JohnCoates, Nov. 26, '61, disch. March 6, '62. 
 James R. Stone, March 15, '62, disch. Aug. 23, '62. 
 William H. Franklin, Oct. 10, '63, dis. July 1, '65. 
 
 First Lieutenants. 
 Charles F. Stone, Oct. 15, '61, disch. March 4, '62. 
 John S. Cooper, March 31, '62, res. July 31, '63. 
 Savillion A. Steinmetz, Oct. 4, '63, dis. May 6, '65. 
 Charles A. Austice, June 10, '65, disch. July 1, '65. 
 
THE WAR FOR THE UNION. 
 
 133 
 
 Second Lieutenants. 
 
 Jacob M. Sharpe, Nov. 26, '61, res. March 6, '62. 
 
 E. D. Mitchell, Apr. 21, '62, pr. 1st. lieut. Co. I, 2d 
 Cav. Regt. Aug. 26, '68. 
 
 Richard A. Herring, Oct. 3, '63, com. 1st. lieut. 
 Co. G, Oct. 24, '63. 
 
 Adolphus Yuncker, Feb. 1, '65, 2d lieut. vice Her- 
 ring disch. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 
 George Burnshouse, Oct. 21, '61, disch. Oct. 21, '64. 
 
 Pitney Wilson, Sept. 24, '61, disch. May 5, '62. 
 
 Miles G. Sparks, Sept. 30, '61, disch. Feb. 6, '66. 
 
 James R. Jobes, Sept. 27, '61, disch. Sept. 27, '64. 
 
 Francis B. Abbott, Oct. 8, '61, disch. Nov. 26, '64. 
 
 George A. Hiles, Dec. 1, '61, disch. Nov. 30, '64. 
 
 James G. Wisner, Aug. 14, '63, disch. July 1, '65. 
 
 Robert B. Sandford, Dec. 5, '64, disch. July 1, '65. 
 
 John Moran,Sept. 9, '61, disch. July 1, '65. 
 
 Charles Brooks, Nov. 25, '64, disch. July 1, '65. 
 
 Isaiah Abbott, Sep. 19, '61, disch. Jan. 18, '62. 
 
 Starr G. Holly, Nov. 14, '61. 
 
 Corporals. 
 James R. Purcell, May 30, '62, disch. July 1, '65. 
 Sydenham W. Houser, Feb. 25, '64, dis. July 1, '65. 
 John Hunsinger, Sept. 19, '61, disch. Oct. 21, '64. 
 John Nelling, Oct. 21, '61, disch. Nov. 11, '64. 
 Daniel Carey, June 12, '62, disch. July 1, '65. 
 George Taylor, Dec. 3, '64, disch. July 1, '65. 
 Charles Cross, Nov. 23, '64, disch. July 1, '65. 
 Enoch Edwards, Dec. 1, '64, disch. July 1, '65. 
 Henry B. Simpson, Feb. 24, '65, disch. July 1, '65. 
 John Hayson, Oct. 21, '61, disch. Oct. 21, '64. 
 Abraham Hackman, Oct. 14, '61, dis. May 4, '62. 
 Richard A. Spain, Oct. 7, '61, disch. May 5, '62. 
 Frederick H. Leach, Sept. 9, '61, tr. to V. R. C. 
 Hedger C. Pierce, Sept. 23, '61, tr. to V. R. C. 
 Edwin Holly, Nov. 19, '61, died Jan. 31, '62. 
 Charles Wilson, Sept. 27, '61. 
 James Gardner, Sept. 27, '62. 
 W. S. Leach, muse, Sept. 19, '61,- dis. Mar. 5, '62. 
 
 Privates. 
 Evan Armster, Nov. 11, '64, disch. July 1, '65. 
 Peter Adshead, Sept. 27, '61, disch. June 27, '62. 
 George Arp, Mar. 1, '64, disch. Jan. 7, '65. 
 Henry T. Ainesworth, Aug. 26, '63. 
 James Anderson, Aug. 26, '63. 
 Henry Atkins, Apr. 15, '64. 
 George P. Beach, Sept. 8, '62, disch. July 1, '65. 
 John Bock, Nov. 18, '64, disch. July 1, 65. 
 William Bradenbach, Feb. 1, '65, disch. July 1, '65. 
 George W. Brill, Feb. 25, '64, disch. June 13, '65. 
 Harvey V. Burch, Feb. 26, '64, disch. July 1, '65. 
 Henry S. Butcher, Nov. 24, '64, disch. July 1, '65. 
 John Brownlie, Jan. 30, '63, disch. Oct. 31, '63. 
 
 George F. Bird, Oct. 21, '61, tr. to V. R. C. 
 
 John Boyle, Dec. 21, '64, tr. from Co. F, 4th Regt. 
 
 Lewis Beebe, Nov. 2, '61, died Aug. 1, '63. 
 
 Henry Biggs, Dec. 23, '63, died Aug. 2, '64. 
 
 Daniel O. Brown, July 14, '62, died May 14, '64. 
 
 George Barry, Oct. 17, '62. 
 
 Patrick Barry, Jan. 12, '64. 
 
 William Bell, Dec. 1, '64. 
 
 August Bertrand, Nov. 28, '64. 
 
 SufFrey I. Blank, Sept. 27, '61. 
 
 John Brine, Mar. 30, '64. 
 
 Joseph Brooks, Aug. 10, '63. 
 
 Charles H. Brown, Jan. 13, .'63. 
 
 Harrison Brown, March 14, '64. 
 
 Henry Bryan, Jan. 21, '63. 
 
 James Buckley, March 1, '64. 
 
 Peter Butler, March 1, '64. 
 
 Samuel Boyer, Sept. 2, '62. 
 
 Reuben Camp, Nov. 28, '64, disch. July 13, '65. 
 
 Henry Campbell, Jan. 2, '64, disch. June 22, '65. 
 
 William Carson, Nov. 29, '64, disch. July 1, '65. 
 
 Peter Chekle, Nov. 22, '64, disch. July 1, '65. 
 
 Morris Crater, Feb. 27, '64, disch. July 1, '65. 
 
 Peter Crown, Jan. 2, '64, disch. July 1, '65. 
 
 William Culver, Nov. 6, '61, disch. Nov. 18, '64. 
 
 John Cline, Oct. 3, '61, disch. Dec. 6, '62. 
 
 Peter Cody, Sept. 13, '64, tr. to Co. K, 15th Regt. 
 
 William B. Cook, Aug. 20, '62, tr. to V. R. C. 
 
 John Crater, Feb. 27, '64, died Jan. 12, '65 of wds. 
 
 Thomas Cregg, Oct. 21, '61, died Nov. 25, '64. 
 
 Robert Camblass, Nov. 2, '61. 
 
 Charles T. Carr, Jan. 27, '64. 
 
 Dennis Cavanaugh, March 30, '64. 
 
 Thomas Clayton, Sept. 27, '61. 
 
 Lewis C. Coates, Nov. 7, '61. 
 
 James Gooley, Sept. 27, '61. 
 
 Richard Coplis, March 13, '63. 
 
 Jacob Decker, March 81, '65, disch. July 1, '65. 
 
 John Donnell, Nov. 17, '64, disch. July 1, '65. 
 
 Augustus H. Dorland, Feb. 27, '64, died Aug. 9, '64. 
 
 Robert Dresser, Sr., Oct. 28, '61, died Jan. 25, '63. 
 
 James Dagnan, March 23, '64. 
 
 Francis Darrin, Aug. 1, '63. 
 
 Joseph Davis, Sept. 27, '61. 
 
 Thomas Davis, Aug. 19, '63. 
 
 Henry Deuring, Aug. 10, '63. 
 
 Francis Donnegan, Jan. 16, '63. 
 
 Robert Dresser, Jr., Nov. 19, '61. 
 
 William Duffy, Sept. 24, '61. 
 
 William Dugan, June 4, '62. 
 
 Clarkson F. Dunham, Oct. 29, '61. 
 
 Peter Eckersly, April 1, '65, disch. July 1, '65. 
 
 M. Englebrechtem, Nov. 18, '64, dis. July 1, '65. 
 
 James M. Everett, Sept. 7, '61, disch. Sept. 20, '64. 
 
 Jeremiah Emmons, Oct. 24, '61, disch. May 2, '62. 
 
134 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Aaron Emory, Oct. 6, '62, died Nov. 3, '64, of wds. 
 
 Redmond Emmons, Oct. 21, '61. 
 
 Fritz Fisher, Dec. 3, '64, disch. July 1, '65. 
 
 Samuel G. Foster, Aug. 22, '63, disch. July 1, '65. 
 
 Daniel C. Fowler, Dec. 23, '63, disch. July 1, '65. 
 
 Wm. W. Frazer, Oct. 16, '61, disch. March 3, '62. 
 
 Josiah Ford, Oct. 21, '61, died Jan. 20, 1862. 
 
 Thos. Ford, Oct. 21, '61, died July 1, '64, of wds. 
 
 David Farlen, Sept. 8, '63. 
 
 Hiram Fish, October 24, '61. 
 
 Jacob Gibson, Nov. 19, '61, disch, July 6, '65. 
 
 Samuel Goff, Oct. 21, '61, disch. July 1, '65. 
 
 Martin Gallagher, Nov. 30, '64. 
 
 John Gill, Oct. 5, '64. 
 
 Raymond Graff, Feb. 1, '65. 
 
 Robert Greeu, Jan. 17, '63. 
 
 Jno. F. Hamilton, Sept. 19, '61, disch. July 1, '65. 
 
 Isaac Harris, Nov. 28, '64, disch. July 1, '65. 
 
 John Hart, Dec. 23, '63, disch. May 22, '65. 
 
 David Hays, Nov. 28, '64, disch. June 16, '65. 
 
 Mich'l Hennessy, Nov. 26, '64, disch. July 1, '65. 
 
 Silas Hoffman, Nov. 8, '61, disch. July 1, '65. 
 
 James Hudson, Nov. 25, '64, disch. July 1, '65. 
 
 Wm. H. Hulshart, Nov. 29, '64, disch. July 1, 65. 
 
 Geo. Hamilton, Sept. 27, '61, disch. Feb. 22, '62. 
 
 Simeon Hammil, Oct. 14, '61, disch. Aug. 28, '62. 
 
 Thomas Harra, Nov. 5, '61, disch. May 5, '62. 
 
 Stille C. Hendrickson, Oct. 1, '61, dis. June 18, '64. 
 
 E. Helfreich, Sept. 25, '64, trans, to Co. E, 4th Regt. 
 
 A. Helstein, Sept. 24, '64, trans, to Co. B, 4th Regt. 
 
 J. Helstein, Sept. 24, '64, trans, to Co. B, 4th Regt. 
 
 Edwin Haight, Aug. 26, '63. 
 
 Francis Hamilton, Feb. 3, '63. 
 
 James Harris, Oct. 11, '62. 
 
 Jacob Hawk, Oct. 19, '61. 
 
 Zachary Hess, Aug. 14, '62. 
 
 Albert Higgins, Aug: 27, '62. 
 
 William Hill, Aug. 19, '63. 
 
 John S. Hosea, Feb. 2, '63. 
 
 Christian Jensen, Nov. 17, '64, disch. July 7, '65. 
 
 Joseph Johnson, Jan. 2, '64, disch. July 1, '65. 
 
 Franklin Jones, Nov. 28, '64, died. May 19, '65. 
 
 Albert Jacques, Oct. 29, '61. 
 
 Lawrence Jenkins, March 31, '65. 
 
 Richard Kelly, Nov. 28, '64, disch. July 1, '65. 
 
 Andrew Kelstram, Nov. 17, '64, disch. July 7, '65. 
 
 Lorenzo D. Kemple, Sept. 8, '63, trans, to Co. C. 
 
 Michael Kearcher, Feb. 15, '64. 
 
 Edward Kelly, Aug. 13, '63. 
 
 Jesse Kemball, Aug. 27, '63. 
 
 John King, Feb. 3, "63. 
 
 William Knight, Oct. 17, '62. 
 
 Daniel D. Layton, May 8, '63, disch. July 1 , '65. 
 
 James Lingham, Nov. 25, '64, disch. July 1, '65. 
 
 Hugh Lippincott, Oct. 3, '61, disch. July 1, '65. 
 
 Henry Logan, Nov. 12, '64, disch. July 1, '65. 
 
 Francis Lill, Feb. 25, '64, disch. Mar. 27, '65. 
 
 P. Louderman, Sept. 24, '64, trans, to Co. B, 4th Rt. 
 
 E. Ludwig, Sept. 24, '64, trans, to Co. B, 4th Regt. 
 
 George B. Land, Sept 24, '61, died Oct. 12, '62. 
 
 Jacob K. Lipsey, Oct. 21, '61, disch. Feb. Y, '65. 
 
 Robert Lane, Feb. 5, '63. 
 
 Charles J. Livingston, Aug. 17, '63. 
 
 Alexander Lynch, Nov. 12, '61. 
 
 Hiram Lynch, Nov. 12, '61. 
 
 Joseph Love, September 30, '62. 
 
 John Maloy, Nov. 22, '64, disch. July 1, '65. 
 
 Joseph Marshall, Nov. 29, '64, disch. July 1, '65. 
 
 John Mason, Nov. 25, '64, disch. July 25, '65. 
 
 John F. McDonald, Jan. 10, '63, disch. July 1, '65. 
 
 Benjamin Mingen, Nov. 29, '64, disch. July 1, '65. 
 
 Frank Mitten, Feb. 1, '65, disch. July 1, '65. 
 
 Wm. H. Mitten, Dec. 1, '64, disch. July 1, '65. 
 
 John Murphy, Jan. 30, '65, disch. July 1, '65. 
 
 Thomas Mason, Nov. 2, '61, disch. March 5, '62. 
 
 George May, Nov. 15, '62, disch. April 10, '63. 
 
 Patk. McDonough, Nov. 8, '61, disch. June 27, '62. 
 
 William Miller, Nov. 18, '61, disch. June 6, '62. 
 
 Edward McElroy, Aug. 17, '63, died Sept. 6, '64. 
 
 D. McFagan, Nov. 1, '64, died Nov. 29, '64, of wds. 
 
 Felix Mullen, Oct. 22, '61, died April 15, '65. 
 
 John Major, Aug. 20, '62. 
 
 Jeremiah Maloney, Dec. 2, '64. 
 
 Augustus Martin, Nov. 23, '61. 
 
 Thomas Martin, April 2, '64. 
 
 John McLoy, Oct. 17, '62. 
 
 John Meade, Aug. 26, '63. 
 
 Joseph Miller, Aug. 19, '62. 
 
 James Morgan, Oct. 18, '62. 
 
 Thomas Murphy, Jan. 31, '65. 
 
 Victor Nizon, Nov. 22, '64, disch. Aug. 3, '65. 
 
 James Nolan, Dec. 6, '64, disch. July 1, '65. 
 
 Henry Nickum, Oct. 22, '61, disch. March 5, '62. 
 
 Daniel Ogburn, Aug. 27, '62, died Nov. 11, '64. 
 
 Michael O'Brien, Aug. 26, '63. 
 
 John B. Ogburn, Aug 27, '62. 
 
 Henry B. Paxton, Oct. 19, '61, disch. July 1, '65. 
 
 Taylor Phifer, Nov. 28, '64, disch. July 1, '65. 
 
 James Pharo, Nov. 15, '61, disch. June 1, '62. 
 
 George Reinecker, Jan. 30, '62, disch. July 1, '65. 
 
 John Robinson, Sept. 24, '61, disch. April 10, '63. 
 
 William Ross, Oct. 25, '61, trans, to V. R. C. 
 
 Henry Ramsey, Oct. 25, '61. 
 
 William W. Randies, Sept. 27, '61. 
 
 Joseph M. Ray, Aug. 28, '63. 
 
 Charles Reilly, Aug. 26, '63. 
 
 John Robinson, Nov. 25, '64. 
 
 William Robinson, Aug. 1, '63. 
 
 George Rodman, Aug. 19, '63. 
 
 John Scheeper, Feb. 1, '65, disch. July 1, '66. 
 
THE WAR FOR THE UNION. 
 
 135 
 
 Alfred Sellers, Nov. 30, 1864, disch. July 1, '65. 
 
 Eph. L. Smith, Sept. 27, '61, disch. July 1, '65. 
 
 Josiah Sawns, Sept. 30, '61, disch. Aug. 25, '62. 
 
 Joseph Schoner, Sept. 15, '61, disch. Sept. 3, '63. 
 
 John Sturges, Oct. 7, '61, disch. May 8, '62. 
 
 W. Searchfield, Oct. 25, '62, trans, to 1st Rt. D. O. V. 
 
 T. Shields, Sept. 8, '61, killed in action Aug. 17, '64. 
 
 Nicholas Sidell, Sept. 24, '64 ; died Oct. 26, '64. 
 
 Mayab Slimn, Sept. 24, '61 ; died Nov. 15, '64. 
 
 Wm. Spargo, Jan. 2, '64; died July 23, '64. 
 
 Dennis Sullivan, Nov. 28, '64 ; died April 14, '65. 
 
 Benj. Sailor, Feb. 25, '64. 
 
 James Sinclair, Nov. 5, '61. 
 
 John Sinclair, Sept. 8, '61. 
 
 Ed. Smith, March 1, '64. 
 
 Edward 0. Smith, Oct. 21, '61. 
 
 Henry Smith, Sept. 2, '63. 
 
 John Smith, March 3, '65. 
 
 Samuel Smith, Nov. 7, '62. 
 
 James Snow, Oct. 21, '61. 
 
 A. H. Titus, Sept. 30, '61 ; dis. Sept. 20, "64. 
 
 Constant Tolans, Nov. 28, '63 ; dis. July 1, '65. 
 
 James Traverse, Jan. 30, '65 ; dis. July 1, '65. 
 
 Jacob Thomas, Oct. 7, '61 ; died March 6, '65. 
 
 Geo. Thompson, Feb. 1, '65. 
 
 John Tracy, Feb. 26, '64. 
 
 Wm. Tome, Sept. 22, '64; trans. Co. D, 4th Regt. 
 
 Robt. Traffy, Sept. 26, '65 ; trans. Co. B, 4th Regt. 
 
 Geo. Trader, Jan. 27, '64. 
 
 Wm. Truitt, Aug. 19, '63. 
 
 Charles Vanosell, Oct. 30, '61. 
 
 Charles Waisse, Jan. 30, '65 ; dis. July 1, '66. 
 
 Samuel Webb, Dec. 23, '63 ; dis. July 1, '65. 
 
 Richard Welsh, Mar. 30, '65 ; dis. July 1, '65. 
 
 John Wiley, Nov. 11, '64 ; dis. July 1, '65. 
 
 Charles Williams, Nov. 16, '64; dis. July 1, '65. 
 
 Robt. Williams', Jan. 30, "65 ; dis. June 20, '65. 
 
 JohnWilkins, Nov. 19, '61 ; dis. March 5, '62. 
 
 Jos. B. Wolcott, Aug. 16, '62 ; trans, to V. R. C. 
 
 John Woodbine, Dec. 1, '64; trans, to Co. C. 
 
 Henry Woodward, April 12, '65 ; trans, to Co. C. 
 
 Sam'l B. White, Oct. 21, '61 ; died Feb. 5, '62. 
 
 Owen Williams, Aug. 26, '63 ; died July 26, '64. 
 
 Francis Watkins, Aug. 1, '63. 
 
 John Welch, March 13, '63. 
 
 Samuel Wheaton, Nov. 2, '62. 
 
 George Whittaker, Sept. 30, '61. 
 
 Charles L. Willey, Sept. 8, '63. 
 
 Charles H. Williams, Aug. 17, '63. 
 
 Wm. Williams, Aug. 17, '63. 
 
 Garrett Wilson, Aug. 27, '63. 
 
 Peter Wolford, Nov. 2, '61. 
 
 Bernard Wood, Aug. 21, '63. 
 
 Henry Wood, March 23, '64. 
 
 Frank Young, Nov. 21, '64 ; dis. July 1, '66. 
 
 Joseph C. Young, Nov. 2, '61 ; died. June 5, '64. 
 William Yeager, Aug. 1, '63. 
 
 Thomas Shields is the only member of 
 this company reported as killed in battle. 
 
 The Twelfth Regiment. — Camden 
 County contributed to the Twelfth Regiment 
 Companies E, G and I. This command was 
 raised under the President's call of July 1 , 
 1862, for three hundred thousand three years' 
 volunteers, and was mustered in at Wood- 
 bury September 4th. Thomas H. Davis, 
 of Camden, was appointed major and after- 
 wards promoted to lieutenant-colonel. En 
 route to Washington September 7, 1862, the 
 regiment was directed to guarding the line of 
 the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, near Elli- 
 cott City, Md., and joined the Army of the 
 Potomac at Falmouth, Va., December 6th. 
 It was first attached to the Second . Brigade, 
 Third Division, Second Army Corps, and 
 later to the Third Brigade of the Second 
 Division of the same corps. Serving until 
 the close of the war, it was a participant in 
 the following-named battles : 
 
 Chancellorsville, May 3 and 4, 1863 ; Gettysburg, 
 Pa., July 2 and 3, 1868; Falling Waters, Md., 
 July 13, 1863; Auburn Mills, Va., October 14, 
 1863; Bristow Station, Va., October 14, 1863; 
 Blackburn's Ford, Va., October 15, 1863; Robin- 
 son's Tavern, Va., November 27, 1863 ; Mine Run, 
 Va., November 28, 29 and 30, 1863; Morton's 
 Ford, Va., February 6, 1864; Wilderness, Va., 
 May 5 to 7, 1864; Spottsylvania, Va., May 8 to 11, 
 1864; Spottsylvania Court-House, May 12 to 18, 
 
 1864 ; North and South Anna River, Va., May 24 
 to 26, 1864 ; Tolopotomy, Va., May 30 and 31, 
 1864; Cold Harbor, Va., June 2 to 12, 1864 ; Before 
 Petersburg, Va., June 20 to 23, 1864; Deep Bottom, 
 Va., July 26 to 29, 1864; Mine Explosion, Va., 
 July 30, 1864 ; Ream's Station, Va., August 25, 
 1864; Fort Sedgewick, Va., September 10, 1864; 
 Boydton Plank-Road, Va:, October 27, 1864; 
 Hatcher's Run, Va., February 6 to 8, 1865 ; Dab- 
 ney's Mills, Va., February 28, 1865; Hatcher's 
 Run, Va., March 25, 1865 ; Capture of Petersbur'i, 
 Va., April 2, 1865 ; Sailor's Creek, Va., April 6, 
 
 1865 ; High Bridge, Va., April 7, 1865 ; Farmville, 
 Va., April 7, 1865; Lee's surrender (Appomattox, 
 Va.), April 9, 1865. 
 
 Companies E and G, at Gettysburg, on the 
 
136 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 eveningof July 2, 1863, were a part of the force 
 that drove the Confederate sharpshooters from 
 a house and barn on the Emmettsburg road, 
 an affair in which Captain Horsfall was 
 killed and Lieutenant Elastwick wounded. 
 Upon this site the survivors of this regiment, 
 in 1886, erected a handsome monument. At 
 Bristow Station Lieutenant Low, of Company 
 G, received his death-wound and his com- 
 pany was very badly cut up. ^Vt Spottsyl- 
 vania Court-House, on May 6, 1864, the 
 regiment lost heavily. Colonel Davis and 
 Captains Chew and Potter being among the 
 wounded. Color-Sergeant Charles H. Cheese- 
 man, Company E, of Camden, who had 
 borne the colors of the command with great 
 bravery through all its battles, was fatally in- 
 jured. On the 12th, it was in the attack on 
 Johnson's division of Ewell's corps, where 
 Colonel Davis was instantly killed at the 
 head of the charging column of his men. 
 
 Captain James McCoomb, of Camden, 
 succeeded to the command of the regiment, 
 and was mortally wounded by a shell at the 
 battle of Cold Harbor. His successor was 
 Captain Daniel Dare, also of Camden, who 
 was in charge until Major Thomson returned 
 from recruiting service. The latter being seri- 
 ously wounded at Ream's Station, the com- 
 mand fell upon Major Henry F. Chew, still 
 another Camden soldier, so that the Twelfth's 
 profuse laurels may be said to have been 
 largely gained under the direction of the 
 zealous and brave officers who came from 
 this county. It never lost a color, was never 
 broken in action and reflected honor upon 
 South Jersey, from whence it was recruited. 
 
 Col. Thomas H. Davis,^ son of Benjamin 
 T. and Eleanor Davis, was born in the city of 
 Camden, N. J., July 23, 1835. His early 
 days were passed in his native town until, at 
 the age of seventeen, he entered the West 
 Jersey Collegiate School, at 'Mount Holly, 
 then under the care of the Rev. Samuel Mil- 
 
 1 Colonel Wm: E. Potter. 
 
 ler. Here he remained until the period of 
 his school-days had ended, when he went 
 West and was engaged for several years in 
 the cities of Toledo, O., and Detroit, Mich., 
 in the construction of gas-works. He after- 
 wards returned to Camden and entered into 
 business in Philadelphia, which occupied him 
 until near the outbreak of the war. He was 
 among the first of the young men of the 
 State to tender his services to the imperiled 
 government, and entered the service at the 
 first call as paymaster of the Fourth Regi- 
 ment of the New Jersey Militia, and in this 
 capacity served three months in front of 
 Washington. 
 
 On the 9th day of July, 1862, he was 
 commissioned major of the Twelfth Regiment 
 New Jersey Volunteers, and immediately 
 entered upon his duties at the camp of that 
 regiment at Woodbury. The acquaint- 
 ance of the writer with him began at this 
 time. From his entrance into the Twelfth 
 Regiment Major Davis showed an ardent 
 interest in its welfare. He was proud 
 of the material of which it was composed — 
 sons of farmers and young sea-faring men 
 chiefly — a manly body of troops, which, for 
 strength, youth, activity and health, I think, 
 was not surpassed by any which the State 
 furnished during the war. Major Davis 
 gave himself diligently to his duties and 
 soon had the respect and affection of the en- 
 tire regiment. 
 
 The Twelfth Regiment, after serving some 
 months in Maryland, in December,1862, joined 
 the Second Brigade, Third Division, Army 
 of the Potomac, near Falmouth, Va. Here, 
 ou the 27th of February, 1863, Lieutenant- 
 Colonel J. Howard Willetts was commissioned 
 colonel of the regiment and Major Davis was 
 promoted to be lieutenant-colonel. 
 
 The winter and early spring were spent 
 in perfecting the equipment, drill and 
 discipline of the regiment and perform- 
 ing what was probably the most severe and 
 exposing picket duty of the war. »The dis- 
 
-^^^^v^ 
 
THE WAR FOR THE UNION. 
 
 137 
 
 tance from the camp to the picket line, the 
 horrible weather and roads, the want of 
 proper shelter for the reserves and the com- 
 parative inexperience of the men, have marked 
 the winter of 1862-63 with black lines in 
 the diary of every soldier who was during 
 those months upon the right front of the 
 Army of the Potomac. Colonel Davis, as 
 field officer of the day, was necessarily much 
 exposed during this winter, and thus laid the 
 foundation of an attack of inflammatory 
 rheumatism, which early in May completely 
 prostrated him so that he was ordered home 
 and was not allowed to return until about 
 the 1st of August, 1863. I have often 
 heard him regret that he was thus absent 
 from the great actions of Chancellorsville 
 and Gettysburg. Colonel Willetts was badly 
 wounded at Chancellorsville, and on the re- 
 turn of Colonel Davis from sick leave he 
 assumed the command of his regiment, which 
 he was thenceforth to lead in more than one 
 bloody action, and in front of whose stead- 
 fast lines he was to fall. 
 
 He was steadily on duty during the latter 
 part of the summer of 1863, and at the 
 combat near Greenwich and the severe action 
 bf Bristow Station, both fought upon the 
 14th of October, 1863, he manoeuvred his 
 troops with that coolness and serene courage 
 which always distinguished him. He was 
 again engaged with his regiment on the 15th 
 of October at Blackburn's Ford or Bull Run, 
 aud later in the fall, during the short but ex- 
 pensive campaign of Mine Run. On Feb- 
 ruary 7, 1864, he was among the first on 
 foot to ford the icy waters of the Rapidan 
 at Morton's Ford, and was warmly engaged 
 in the severe combat. With the rest of the 
 army, he crossed the Rapidan on the night 
 of May 4, 1 864, and was heavily engaged in 
 the first great action of the Wilderness cam- 
 paign on the evening of May 5th. The 
 next morning Carroll's brigade, in which 
 was the regiment of Colonel Davis, advanced 
 more than a mile, swinging to the left and 
 18 
 
 across the Orange Court-House plank-road, 
 and, with the other brigades and division of 
 the Second Corps, driving the corps of A. 
 P. Hill, of the enemy's army, in utter con- 
 fusion before it. 
 
 During a halt, at length ordered, a shell 
 exploded near Colonel Davis and he was 
 stricken to the ground. One who was 
 wounded, an hour later, found him at the 
 field hospital. He was hit by splinters thrown 
 off from a tree struck by the shell referred 
 to, and not by the projectile itself. He lay 
 at the field hospital until the evening of May 
 7th, and joined his regiment when, with the 
 army, it moved toward Spottsylvania. As 
 he pressed the hand of the officer referred to 
 and bade him farewell, he said, " If we were 
 into camp now I should apply for leave on 
 the strength of these bruises, but I cannot 
 bear the thought of leaving my regiment so 
 long as I can sit on my horse." Graven on 
 the memory of his friend as with a pen of 
 steel, these last manly M^ords of Colonel Davis 
 sound in his ears clearly, as if spoken but 
 yesterday. 
 
 On the 12th of May, 1864, Colonel Davis, 
 at the head of the Twelfth Regiment, formed 
 a part of that magnificent column of veter- 
 an infantry which, under command of Gen- 
 eral Hancock, assaulted Lee's line at Spott- 
 sylvania, and sweeping over it, pierced his 
 centre. On foot, because it was impossible 
 to ride through abatis and over earthwork, 
 erect, vigilant, enthusiastic, not yet recovered 
 from severe bruises of six days before, but 
 triumphing over them, eye-witnesses still love 
 to tell with what springing valor and in- 
 comparable energy Colonel Davis led his 
 regiment as they swept like one great wave 
 over the enemy's work and into their camp. 
 The enemy's first line was carried with but 
 little loss, but half a mile to the rear the 
 charging troops came upon a second line 
 heavily manned and sternly defended. And 
 here, while cheering on his troops with ani- 
 mated gestures, in front of his colors and 
 
138 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 almost touching them, Colonel Davis, struck 
 by a ball which passed through his neck, 
 fell dead. He was buried near the field 
 where he fell, but a few days later was re- 
 moved to Fredericksburg, whence, in the 
 autumn of 1865, loving hands bore him 
 northward, and on a beautiful day in No- 
 vember of that year, on the eve of the first 
 Thanksgiving after the war, in the presence 
 of his family and a few of his comrades, he 
 was laid to rest in the cemetery of Laurel 
 Hill. 
 
 Few men were more soldierly in appear- 
 ance than Colonel Davis — none more brave 
 and zealous in the cause for which he died. 
 Tall, erect, commanding in person, electric in 
 temperament, of a bold and resolute charac- 
 ter, his troops so leaned on him that, when 
 he commanded, his regiment fought with a 
 massive energy which was often noticed. 
 Warm in his affections, kind and genial in man- 
 ners, many loved him, none will forget him. 
 He was a gallant soldier and genial gentle- 
 man, who freely left home and friends to cast 
 his sword, his heart and his life into the breach 
 to save the honor of his country. 
 
 The rolls of the Camden County companies 
 of the Twelfth Regiment are as follows : 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 
 [This company was mustered in September 4, 1862, and mustered 
 out July 15, 1865, unless otherwise stated,] 
 
 Captains. 
 
 Charles K. Horsfall, killed July 2, '63. 
 
 Daniel Dare, Aug. 6, '63. 
 
 First Lieutenants. 
 
 Philip M. Armington, resg. Nov. 15, '63. 
 
 Ellwood Griscom, Feb. 22, '65 ; dis. June 4, '65. 
 
 Second Lieutenants. 
 James McOomb, pro. 1st It. Co. D June 31, '63. 
 Stephen G. Eastwick, Feb. 14, '63 ; dis. Jan. 24,'64. 
 G. A. Cobb, May 1, '65; pro. 1st It. Co. H June 24,'65. 
 
 First Sergeants. 
 John R. Rich, pro. sergt.-maj. Nov. 27, '63. 
 John Sheehan, dis. June 4, '65. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 Ethelbert Davis, dis. June 4, '65. 
 Wm. H. Brooks, dis. June 3, '65. 
 Charles Sullivan, dis. June 4, '65. 
 
 James M. Cranen, dis. June 4, '65. 
 Charles H. Laing, Feb. 23, 65. 
 Elijah L. Smith, Feb. 27, '65. 
 Pierce McHenry, April 7, '65. 
 John Foster, died May 3, '63, of wounds- 
 Joseph S. Hugg, Aug. 13, '62 ; died Aug. 27, '62. 
 Charles E. Cheeseman, died May 7, '64, of wounds. 
 Charles P. Fish, Aug. 4, '62 ; killed May 12, '64. 
 
 Corporals. 
 Henry Ranser, dis. June 4, '65. 
 Frederick Fagley, dis. June 4, '65. 
 Edward S. Ellis," dis. July 10, '65. 
 Joseph Myers, dis. June 4, '65. 
 John Hull, dis. June 4, '65. 
 Wm. M. Copeland, dis. June 4, '65. 
 Samuel E. Farrington, dis. .June 4, '65. 
 John Evans, Feb. 23, '65. 
 Charles Richards, Feb. 22, '65. 
 •John Thompson, April 5, '65. 
 Isaac M. Williams, April 5, '65. 
 George White, April 6, '65. 
 Ludwig Schweitzer dis. May 17, '65. 
 Thomas E. Prickett, dis. Dec. 24, '64. 
 Joseph A. Davis, trans, to V. R. C. 
 John Pinkerton, trans, to V. R. C. 
 Edmund M. Stevenson, trans, to V. R. C. 
 Johd Clements, died June 22, '63, of wounds. 
 Jonas M.' Roe, died Aug. 7, '64, of wounds. 
 Henry Helms. 
 
 Robert J. Thompson, musician, disch. June 4, '65. 
 Israel J. Conklin, musician, trans, to V. R. C. 
 .John Bird, wagoner, disch. June 4, '65. 
 
 . Privates. 
 Elias Abrams, Feb. 23, '65, disch. Aug. 3, '65. 
 John Antonia, April 6, '66. 
 Benj. Anthony, disch. Feb. 19, '63. 
 Jacob Asay, trans, to V. R. C. 
 George Anderson, killed July 3, '63. 
 Thomas Barrett, Aug. 15, '64. 
 John Beggs, April 5, '64. 
 Wm. Byrnes, April 6, '66. 
 Peter T. Brewer, trans, to V. R. C. 
 Lysander H. Banks, died Feb. 21, '63. 
 Martin Blake, Aug. 6, '62. 
 David Campbell, July 27, '64, disch. Aug. 3, '65. 
 George C. Carlyle, April 7, '65. 
 Charles Clark, March 31, '65. 
 James Cunningham, Feb. 23, '65. 
 Matthew Cavanagh, disch. Jan. 13, '64. 
 Thomas Calvert, trans, to V. R. C. 
 James P. Campbell, trans, to Co. F. 
 John Q. A. Cline, killed May 8, '63. 
 Charles F. Collett, killed May 3, '63. 
 John C. Conley, died June 12, '64, of wounds. 
 
THE WAR FOR THE UNION. 
 
 139 
 
 Isaac H. Copeland, killed July 3, '63. 
 Alexander Drew, Feb. 23, '65. 
 Ezra Drew, Feb. 28, '65. 
 Albert Davis, disch. Feb. 17, '64. 
 Enoch H. Duffield, disch. Dec. 30, '62. 
 Samuel C. Elbertson, disch. March 9, '63. 
 Lucius Q. C. Elmer, trans, to V. K. C. 
 John Farrington, disch. Aug. 1, '65. 
 Samuel Fleet, trans, to V. R. C. 
 Rudolph Frick, April 4, '65. 
 Aaron Garwood, disch. June 12, '65. 
 John Geier, April 4, '64. 
 Frank Gibson, April 5, '65, disch. July 17, '65. 
 Robert Gordon, disch. June 4, '65. 
 Thomas J. Gordon, disch. July 28, '65. 
 Michael Griner, disch. July 8, '63. 
 Alexander Gale, trans, to V. R. C. 
 John Gorman, trans, to V. R. C. 
 David Gordon, died Jan. 23, '63. 
 Wm. H. Haight, Feb. 23, '65. 
 Charles Hannahs, April 5, '65. 
 Edward P. Harris, disch. June 4, '65. 
 Wm. Harrison, April 6, '65. 
 Jacob Hartman, April 7, '65. 
 Aulson Heaton, April 7, '65. 
 Anthony Heffner, April 7, '65. 
 Albert Heitz, April 3, '65. 
 Jacob Henkel, April 7, '65. 
 James Hopper, Feb. 23, '65. 
 Daniel H. Horner, disch. June 4, '65. 
 Benj. Hackney, disch. Feb. 17, '63. 
 Jacob Hinchman, disch. Oct. 22, '63. 
 Francis Haggerty, trans, to V. R. C. 
 Ira C. Hall, trans, to V. R. C. 
 Joseph Haynes, trans, to V. R. 0. 
 Wm. S- Hineline, trans, to V. R. C- 
 Josiah C. Hughes, trans, to V. R. C. 
 David H. Horner, died June 4, '63, of wounds- 
 Samuel C. Hultz, killed May 3, '63. 
 John Ipser, April 5, '65. 
 Alexander Jervis, died Dec. 20, '63. 
 John KUikus, Feb. 28, '65. 
 Wm. Korbel, April 7, '65. 
 Charles Kuntzman, March 31, '65. 
 EmilLack, April7, '65. 
 John Lack, April 7, '65. 
 George Lutz, April 6, '65. 
 James K. P. Lafferty, trans, to V. R. C. 
 Charles H. Leeds, trans, to V. R. C. 
 Anthony Macel, April 4, '65. 
 Frederick Martin, April 4, '65. 
 Francis McBride, Feb. 23, '65. 
 Augustus Mitchell, Feb. 27, '65. 
 Benjamin Mullica, disch. June 4, '65. 
 Patrick Murray, Feb. 28, '65. 
 
 Nathaniel Morton, disch. Feb. 28, '63. 
 
 Augustus Hunter, disch. Nov. 26, '63. 
 
 John McKeon, killed May 3, '63. 
 
 Enoch F. Mills, died June 14, '64, of wounds. 
 
 Robert Newsome, April 3, '65. 
 
 Helondeus Nonn, April 5, '65. 
 
 William Nagle, died Dec. 5, 64. 
 
 Deitrick Panzie, April 4, '65, disch. June 13, '65. 
 
 Henry Peirce, disch. June 4, '65- 
 
 James B. Peirson, disch. June 4, '65. 
 
 Frederick Pechmaun, Jr., trans- to Sig- Corps. 
 
 Porteus Pepoon, killed May 12, '64. 
 
 Obadiah Reed, April 6, '65. 
 
 Fidelius Reich, April 6, '65. 
 
 Ira B- Ridgway, April 5, '65- 
 
 John Reed, disch. Feb. 16, '65. 
 
 George Riggs, disch. Nov. 7, '63- 
 
 Edward Rodgers, trans, to V- R- C- 
 
 James A. Riley, killed July 2, '63. 
 
 Dennis Ryan, killed May 3, '63. 
 
 Bernhardt Schmidt, April 7, '65- 
 
 John Schubert, April 1, '65- 
 
 Henry Schultz, April 7, '65. 
 
 Charles F. Senix, pro- q.m.-sergt. Aug. 30, '64. 
 
 James Shaffer, April 5, '65. 
 
 George Simpkins, April 5, '65. 
 
 Joseph L. Simons, disch. May 18, '65. 
 
 Wm. H. Smith, disch. July 26, '65- 
 
 David M. Southard, disch. June 15, '65. 
 
 Peter Spies, April 6, '65- 
 
 Frederick Staatz, April 7, '65- 
 
 George Skirm, trans- to V. R. C- 
 
 Seth C Southard, trans- to V- R- C 
 
 Wm- H. Shaffer, Nov. 20, '63, killed May 12, '64. 
 
 Samuel K. Sooy, died Sept. 15, '63. 
 
 Stephen B. Sooy, died Sept. 12, '62. 
 
 William H. Stockton, killed March 25, '65. 
 
 Isaac A. Taylor, dis. June 4, '65. 
 
 Amzi Teachman, Feb. 22, '65. 
 
 William Tompson, April 6, '65. 
 
 Andrew H. Tomlin, April 7, '65. 
 
 William Tozer, dis. June 4, '65. 
 
 Casimer Trechler, April 3, '65. 
 
 Charles S. Tindall, killed May 6, '64. 
 
 John Thompson, April 11, '64. 
 
 J. Van Volkenburgh, Feb. 28, '65, dis. May 20, '66. 
 
 William Walker, April 6, '65. 
 
 Matthew Wallace, Feb. 22, '65. 
 
 John Webber, April 7, '65. 
 
 John Weitner, March 29, '65. 
 
 John Welsh, April 7, '66. 
 
 John Westermayer, April 6, '66. 
 
 George Wilhelm, April 7, '65. 
 
 Azel Williams, Feb. 27, '65. 
 
 Frank Williams, April 1, '65. 
 
140 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Lawrence Williams, April 6, '65. 
 
 John Wallace, Feb. 19, '64, died. Nov. 24, '64. 
 
 Thomas J. Williams, killed in action May 3, '63. 
 
 William J. Wood, died June 20, '64. 
 
 Henry 0. Yeager, April 4, '65. 
 
 Isaac Young, Feb. 27, '65. 
 
 Captain Charles K.' Hoespall. — 
 About the period of the Revolution au 
 English family named Horsfall came to this 
 country, and settled in Monmouth County, 
 N. J. There were two brothers, belonging 
 to the better class of English farmers, and 
 they purchased land on their arrival. From 
 these pioneers sprung John and Richard 
 Horsfall, who were born in Monmouth 
 County. John was married to Sarah Tim- 
 mons, of Monmouth. They had three chil- 
 dren, — Jacob and Isaac (twins), and John. 
 Richard married a Smith and removed to 
 Cream Ridge, N. J. They had three chil- 
 dren. 
 
 John, the father of Captain Horsfall, 
 moved to Burlington County before he was 
 of age, and became a merchant in Borden- 
 town. About 1851 he took up his residence 
 in Camden, where he has followed the busi- 
 ness of general merchandising. In 1836 he 
 was married to Hannah E., daughter of 
 Charles and Ann Kemble, of Bordentown, 
 by whom he had four children, — Charles K., 
 who was married to Amy W., daughter of 
 AVilliam and Mary Brooks, of Medford, 
 N. J. ; Hannah Ann T., who died, aged two 
 years; Theodore F., (deceased), who was 
 married to Anna Wells, of Camden; and 
 Alethia C, who is married to James B. 
 Lewis, formerly of Burlington County, now 
 living in Camden. They had three children, 
 — Etta H. and Charles H. (deceased), and 
 Jennie B. 
 
 Captain Charles K. Horsfall was born in 
 Burlington County December 31, 1836. He 
 was one of those heroic spirits who entered 
 into the service of his country from pure 
 patriotism. Before the war he was a mem- 
 ber of " Camden Light Artillery " and rose 
 
 to be one of its officers. He was fond of 
 military life, and when the Civil War opened 
 raised Company E, of Twelfth New Jersey 
 Volunteer Infantry. He served with it 
 in all the hard duty which the Army of the 
 Potomac was called upon to perform up to 
 Gettysburg. He distinguished himself at 
 Chancellorsville, and on the 2d of July, 
 1863, at Gettysburg. A detachment of 
 Twelfth New Jersey and Fourteenth Con- 
 necticut were ordered to dislodge a body of 
 Confederate sharpshooters concealed in a 
 barn. He bravely led his men and was shot 
 through the head, falling . dead within the 
 rebel lines. His body was buried on the 
 field for two weeks, when it was removed to 
 its present resting-place, Evergreen Cemetery, 
 in this city. His loss was deeply mourned by 
 his regiment, for he was a brave soldier, 
 exemplary citizen and thorough Christian. 
 His mother passed to rest June 11, 1886. 
 
 COMPANY Q, TWELFTH REGIMEiS^T NEW JERSEY 
 VOLUNTEERS (THREE YEARS'), OF CAMDEN. 
 
 [This company was mustered in September 4, 1862, and mustered 
 out June 4, 1865, unless otherwise etated.J 
 
 Captains. 
 Samuel B. Jobes, res. Jan. 24, '64. 
 William E. Potter, brev.-maj. May 1, '65. 
 
 First Lieutenants. 
 James T. Lowe, died of wounds Oct. 30, '63. 
 F. M. Eiley, Apr. 25, '64, pr. capt. Co. F Jan. 30,'65. 
 James P. William, Feb. 22, '65. 
 Robert B. Kates, July 5, '65, dis. July 15, '65. 
 
 Second Lieutenant. 
 Charles E. Troutman, res. Feb. 4, '64. 
 
 First Sergeant. 
 Jeremiah Casto. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 Joseph Blake. 
 Arthur Stanley. 
 William H. Rogers. 
 John Hall. 
 
 Charles Fosker, April 5, '65, dis. July 15, '65. 
 Charles Hulbert, Oct. 3, '64, dis. July 15, '65. 
 Isaac L. Wood, dis. Oct. 14, '63. 
 Edw. L. Thornton, dis. April 2, '63. 
 Joshua D. Fithian, dis. Dec. 11, '63. 
 Hiram Smith, dis. May 10, '64. 
 Henry Fenton, trans, to U. S. Navy. 
 
THE WAE FOR THE UNION. 
 
 141 
 
 Corporals. 
 Theodore Brick. 
 
 Amos Frampes. 
 
 Isaiah Groff. 
 
 George Woodrow. • 
 
 Edward L. Brick. 
 
 Jesse Peterson. 
 
 David H. Eldrldge, dis. July 31, '65. 
 
 George Johnson, April 4, '65, dis. July 15, '65. 
 
 Theodore Hildebrand, April 5,^'65, dis. July 15, '65. 
 
 Frank Myers, April 3, '65, dis. July 15, '65. 
 
 William H. Howe, dis. Jan. 26, '63. 
 
 Charles Mayhew, trans, to V. E. C. 
 
 Franklin Bates, trans, to V. R. C. 
 
 William W. Collins, killed June 8, '64. 
 
 Howard Turner, musician. 
 
 Richard Cheeseman, musician. 
 
 Privates. 
 Samuel E. Barker. 
 
 John Blackburn, April 5, '65, dis. July 15, '65. 
 Florence Bleyler. 
 
 Andrew Bramble, April 5, '65, dis. July 15, '65. 
 Augustus Brant, April 4, '65, dis. July 15, '65. 
 Robert R. Burk. 
 Edward V. Byerly. 
 James Cain, April 8, '65. 
 William R. Carter, dis. Dec. 11, '63. 
 John B. Carey. 
 
 John Conley, killed July 2, '63. 
 Newton B. Cook, died April 6, '63. 
 Joseph Cooper, April 8, '65. 
 Hiram Cramer, killed May 3, '63. 
 Thomas H. Conover, dis. June 2, '66. 
 John Corbet, April 5, '65, dis. June 15, '65. 
 Andrew Cridline, Aug. 26, '64, dis. July 18, '65. 
 John Crowley, dis. May 30, '63. 
 John J. Dall. 
 
 Levi M. Decatur, Aug. 26, '64, dis. July 18, '65. 
 Edward De Parpart, Aug. 18, '64, dis. July 15, '65. 
 James P. Demarris, dis. Mar 25, '63. 
 Henry C. Derrickson, died June 20, '64. 
 John H. Dill, trans, to V. R. C. 
 Jacob S. Dill, died of wounds May 15, '63. 
 William E. Downam, dis. July 14, 65. 
 Gustav Eisle, dis. July 15, '65. 
 Lewis S. Elmer, killed May 3, '63. 
 Daniel Everingham. 
 John Fagan, April 7, '65. 
 William Fee^ April 3, '65, died July 15, '65. 
 John Fernandos, April 5, '64, dis. July 16, '65. 
 John Ferrell, April 8, '66, dis. June 28, '65. 
 Lawrence Flood, April 5, '65, dis. July 15, '65. 
 Thomaa Flynn, April 4, '65, dis. July 16, '65. 
 Alfred B. Fortiner, dis. July 31, '65. 
 Benj. F. Gladden, dis. June 21, '65. 
 
 William Y. Gladney, dis. March 12, '63. 
 
 Samuel Godfrey, March 24, '65. 
 
 Carl Gremm. 
 
 Richard Groff, died March 29, '63. 
 
 John Griffin, April 5, '65, dis. July 15, '65. 
 
 Geo. W. Hard wick, April 3, '65, dis. July 15, '65. 
 
 Thomas M. Harrison, dis. June 28, '65. 
 
 James Hayes, April 3, '65, dis. June 15, '65. 
 
 Fred. Heii, Oct. 7, '64, dis. July 15, '65. 
 
 Christian Hesse, Oct. 10, '64, dis. July 15, '66. 
 
 William H. Henderson, dis. June 5, '63. 
 
 William Herring, died May 20, '64. 
 
 William H. Hillman. 
 
 John Horen, April 4, '65. 
 
 Samuel M. Horner, dis. July 1, '65. 
 
 Oscar Hoffman, April 6, '65, dis. July 15, '65. 
 
 Michael Holden, April 7, '66, dis. July 15, '65. , 
 
 Benjamin Hood. 
 
 Joseph T. Higginson, dis. Oct. 19, '63. 
 
 Theodore Hughes, April 3, '66, dis. July 15, '65. 
 
 Charles D. Husbands, dis. for wounds Oct. 13, '63. 
 
 Felix Infelder, Feb. 28, '65, dis. July 15, '65. 
 
 Joseph Inman, dis. March 17, '63. 
 
 John Jaggard, dis. July 10, '65. 
 
 James Johnson, April 3, '65. 
 
 Thomas Joice, April 4, '65, dis. July 15, '65. 
 
 Paul Jones. 
 
 Adam Jordon. 
 
 Charles Keller, April 4, '65, dis. July 15, '65. 
 
 John Kerrigan, April 5, '65. 
 
 Charles Kinge, April 6, '65. 
 
 Charles Laman. 
 
 John H. Lamar, dis. July 21, '61. 
 
 Lorenzo S. Land, killed in action June 3, '64. 
 
 Walter Lindsay. 
 
 Charles E. Madara. 
 
 George R. Marter, killed in action May 3, '63. 
 
 Joseph Marner. 
 
 Donald McDonald, April 3, '65, dis. July 16, '66. 
 
 Daniel P. McHenry. 
 
 Henry M. Mcllvaine, dis. for wounds May 5, '64. 
 
 Timothy McMahon, April 5, '66. 
 
 Bernard McManus, April 4, '65. 
 
 James Mercer, April 4, '65, dis. July 15, '65. 
 
 Thomas R. Middleton, killed in action July 2, '63. 
 
 Francis Mills, killed in action May 3, '64. 
 
 Josiah K. Moore, dis. July 1, '66. 
 
 William Murphy, April 1, '65, dis. July 5, '65. 
 
 John O'Brien, trans, to V. R. C. 
 
 James O'Connor, Nov. 30, '63, dis. July 16, '65. 
 
 John O'Niel, April 6, '65, dis. July 15, '66. 
 
 James O'Niel, April 6, '65. 
 
 Adolph Olsen, April 3, '65, dis. July 15, '65. 
 
 Richard Palmer, Aug. 12, '64, dis. July 15, '65. 
 
 Aaron Parker. . 
 
142 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEESEY. 
 
 Nathan Parker, dis. July 6, '65. 
 
 Edward H. Pancoast, dis. April 5, '65. 
 
 John Perry, April 4, '65, dis. July 15, '65. 
 
 Peter L. Perry, Feb. 16, '65, dis. July 15, '65. 
 
 Joseph Phalon, April 7, '65, dis. June 14, '65. 
 
 Richard F. Plum, trans, to V. E. C. 
 
 William Potter, April 4, '65, dis. July 15, '65. 
 
 Isaac Randolph. 
 
 Michael Reynolds, April 8, '65, dis. July 15, '65. 
 
 Walter A. Rink, Aug. 31, '64, dis. June 23, '65. 
 
 Henry H. Richmond, died Jan. 13, '63. 
 
 Richard Roberson, April 4, '65. 
 
 Martin Roche, April 5, '65, dis. July 15, '65. 
 
 John Ross, April 4, '65, dis. June 28, '65. 
 
 Matthew Russell, April 5, '65, dis. July 15, '65. 
 
 James Ryan. 
 
 Joseph Satterley, April 3, '65. 
 
 Charles Schaffer, April 5, '65, dis. July 15, '65. 
 
 John L. Severns, dis. June 30, '65. 
 
 John Shey, April 5, '65, dis. July 15,' 65. 
 
 Robert G.Sheppard, died April 13, '63. 
 
 William B. Skill, killed in action July 3, '63. 
 
 Frank Smith, Sept. 28, '64, dis. July 15, '65. 
 
 John Smith, Sept. 28, '64, dis. July 15, '65. 
 
 Joseph H. Smith, dis. Nov. 22, '64. 
 
 J. William Smith, July 29, '62, dis. March 19, '64. 
 
 Henry Smith, April 5, '65. 
 
 Nicholas Smith, April 8, '65. 
 
 John J, Sneden, April 4, '65, dis. July 15, '65. 
 
 Samuel E. Somers, died Feb. 11, '64, of wounds. 
 
 George H. Snyder, dis. Feb. 7, '63. 
 
 James Stanley. 
 
 Jacob C. Stokes. 
 
 Abram J. Stoll, June 26, '62, dis. July. 15, '65. 
 
 Jacob R. Stow, died April 13, '68. 
 
 William H. Tatem, dis. June 29, '65. 
 
 Robert Thurston, April 3, '65. 
 
 Joseph J. Thompson, dis. July 18, '65. 
 
 Morris Tondrof. 
 
 Charles P. Van Hart, dis. June 28, '65. 
 
 Eli Watson, died of wounds June 19, '66. 
 
 Joseph Wanner. 
 
 James M. Wilkins, dis. June 29, '65. 
 
 James Williams, 'April 4, '65, dis. July 15, '65. 
 
 William J. Williams, April 5, '65, dis. July 15, '65. 
 
 Charles Wilson, April 4, '65, dis. July 15, '65. 
 
 James Wilson, April 4, '65, dis. July 15, '65. 
 
 COMPANY I, TWELFTH REGIMENT NEW JEESEY 
 VOLUNTEEKS. 
 
 [This Company was mustered in September 4, 1862, and mustered 
 out July 15, 1865, unless otherwise stated.] 
 
 Captains. 
 Henry F. Chew, pro. maj. July 2, '64. 
 Charles P. Brown, Feb. 22, '65 ; dis. June 4, '66. 
 
 First Lieutenantn. 
 Frank M. Acton, pro. capt. Co. F Dec. 12, '63. 
 Edw. M. Dubois, Apr. 25, '64 ; bvt. capt. July 6, '64 
 Charles F. Sickler, Feb. 22, '65 ; dis. June 4, '65. 
 
 Second Lieutenants. 
 Theodore F. Null, disch. April 1, '64. 
 Eli K. Ale, Feb. 22, '65 ; disch. June 4, '65. 
 Watson P. Tuttle, Feb. 28, '65. 
 
 First Sergeants. 
 George A. Bo wen, pro. 1st It. Co. C Apr. 11, '64. 
 Matthew Coombs, disch. June 4, '65. 
 Isaac N. Morton, trans, to V. R. C. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 Benjamin S. Wood, disch. June 4, '65. 
 Robert C. White, pro. sergt.-maj. Oct. 6, '64. 
 J. Morgan Barnes, pro. to q.m.-sergt. Jan. 1, '65. 
 Joseph Dielkes, disch. June 4, '65. 
 Preston P. Merrion, disch. June 4, '65. 
 Louis Warnecke, Got. 5, '64. 
 John J. Shaw, April, 3, '65. 
 George Lucas, Nov. 13, '63. 
 Thomas S. Champion, disch. June 16, '65. 
 George P. Ogden, trans, to V. R. C. 
 George R. Burroughs, died June 23, '64, of wounds. 
 Asa W. Tash, died May 6, '64, 
 Charles H. Wilson, June 9, '64. 
 
 Corporals. 
 James P. Stanton, disch. June 4, '65. 
 Theophilus B. Halter, disch. June 4, '65. 
 Alexander Brown, disch. June 4, '65. 
 Samuel Reall, disch. June 4, '65. 
 William Parsons, disch. June 4, '65. 
 Lewis McPherson, disch. June 4, '65. 
 Firman Lloyd, Jr., disch. June 80, '65. 
 William R. Williams, disch. June 4, '65. 
 William Renchler, July 26, '64. 
 Ebenezer Kennedy, Aug. 17, 63. 
 Daniel McDevitt, July 25, '64. 
 Theodore Beyer, Oct. 4, '64 ; disch. July 18, '65. 
 Frederick Ditraan, Oct. 11, '64. 
 Isaac Fox, killed in action June 17, '64. 
 Lewis F. Simms, killed in action May 3, '63. 
 Daniel A. Hancock, died May 22, '64, of wounds. 
 John H. Barklow, died July 16, '64. 
 Ale S. Kidd, died May 15, '64, of wounds. 
 Albert S. Wood, died Dec. 1, '64. 
 Edward Bradway, musician, disch. June 4, '65. 
 Lewis S. K^mfer, wagoner, disch. June 4, '65. 
 
 Privates. 
 Henry Ackley, July 20, '64. 
 
 William H. Archer, Feb. 23, '65 ; dis. June 23, '65. 
 William H. Allen, trans, to V. R. C. 
 J. Anderson, Oct. 14, '64; tr. from Co. D, 11th Regt. 
 Joseph A. Ayers, trans, to V. R. C. 
 
THE WAK FOR THE UNION. 
 
 143 
 
 Jacob Adams, died May 24, '64, of wounds. 
 Henry Barth, Oct. 3, '64. 
 John J. Berry, June 1, '64. 
 James Bond, Oct. 14, '64. 
 Edward Brannen, Sept. 6, '64 ; dis. June 4, '65. 
 J. C.BHU, Apr. 7, '65; pro. com.-sergt. June 5, '65. 
 Christian Brodbacker, April 27, '64. 
 George Brown, April 4, '65. 
 Heury Brown, Feb. 22, '65. 
 William Brown, June 11, '64. 
 George Budesheim. Oct. 5, '64. ' 
 William Burch, Oct. 11, '64. 
 William Bader, Mar. 25, '64; disch. Nov. 19, '64. 
 Melchoir Breitel, disch. Mar. 28, '64. 
 John P. Bennett, trans, to U. S. Navy. 
 Jacob Biddle, trans, to V. E. C. 
 Gilbert Bishop, died Feb. 3, '64. 
 Nicholas Code, Feb. 27, '65. 
 James Connelly, July 14, '64 ; disch. May 22, '65. 
 Daniel Cowell, July 6, '64. 
 John Champion, disch. Mar. 16, '63. 
 Clement Colgan, disch. Dec. 31, 62. 
 Christopher Cooker, disch. Mar. 9, '65. 
 James M. Cook, Jan. 26, '65 ; trans, to Co. F. 
 Jesse D. Crittafield, July 14, '64; trans, to Co. D. 
 John C. Champion, died Oct. 11, '63. 
 William J. Clark, died Mar. 24, '63. 
 Charles Davis, Oct. 10, '64. 
 Samuel Dickeson, disch. June 4, '65. 
 Alexander Ditzell, July 18, '64. 
 Peter Doyle, July 26, '64. 
 Anton Dyckoff, Oct. 5, '64. 
 
 Claude De Erman, July 18, '64 ; trans, to Co. D. 
 . William Dolby, July 20, '64; trans, to Co. D. 
 August Dugue, July 15, '64 ; trans, to Co. D. 
 William Daniels, killed in action May 3, '63. 
 David Dickeson, killed in action May 6, '64. 
 John W. Dubois, died Sept. 22, '62. 
 John Donahue, Feb. 27, '65. 
 James Donnelly, July 3, '65. 
 John Ell, Aug. 17, '64. 
 Edward B,. Emmel, disch. Dec. 10, '63. 
 James Edwards, trans, to V. E, C. 
 Edward Ellis, July 18, '64 ; trans, to Co. D. 
 Joseph E. EdwarJs, killed in action June 3, '64. 
 George W. Fenn, July 18, '64. 
 Joseph S. Fithian, disch. June 4, '65. 
 Philip Flood, June 16. '64. 
 Michael Poster, April 5, '66. 
 Charles C. Fithian, disch. Dec. 15, '63. 
 Eichard V. Fithian, trans, to V, E. C. 
 David Fonseca, April 4, '65. 
 George W. Goodwin, disch. June 4, '65. 
 Samuel L. Gregg, June 13, '64. 
 Charles Gootman, Mar. 24, '64"; trans, to V. E. C. 
 
 Frank E. Gandy, died Mar. 19, '63. 
 
 John Gerstle, died Mar. 13, '63. 
 
 Charles Harr, Sept. 9, '64; disch. June 4, '65. 
 
 George Hammer, April 5, '65. 
 
 William T. F. Harewood, July 25, '64. 
 
 James Hart, Aug. 10,. '64. 
 
 John Haverstick, disch. June 5, '65. 
 
 George Hedden, Feb. 23, '65 ; disch. July 15, '65. 
 
 James Hemphill, disch. June 4, '65. 
 
 Paul Herebschle, Sept. 6, '64;. disch. June 4, '65. 
 
 John J. Hoffman, disch. July 15, '65. 
 
 Josiah Holton, disch. June 4, '65. 
 
 James Horner, disch. June 4, '66. 
 
 Ezra Hutchins, Feb. 23, '65. 
 
 Philip Hickman, trans, to V. E. C. 
 
 George W. Homan, trans, to V. E. C. 
 
 Thomas Jackson, Aug. 13, '64. 
 
 Eichard Jellinghaus,"Oct. 6, '64. 
 
 .James M. Jones, disch. Apr. 10, '63. 
 
 Joseph L. Jacobs, trans, to V. E. C. 
 
 George W. Jester, trans, to V. E. C. 
 
 Thomas D. Kane, disch. June 4, '66. 
 
 Emmett M. King, disch. June 4, '66. 
 
 George Koff, Apr. 5, "66. 
 
 Daniel Krebs, Apr. 6, '66. 
 
 Moyer Kuhn, Mar. 25, '64; disch. Jan. 9, '66. 
 
 Patrick Keegan, Apr. 6, '65. 
 
 Ludwig Lichtenfells, July 13, '64. 
 
 Charles Lollamand, Oct. 6, '64. 
 
 Lemuel D- Loper, died May 3, '63. 
 
 Joseph Lower, Apr. 2, '64. 
 
 Ephraim Mack, Oct. 8, '64. 
 
 Joseph F. Martin, July 15, '64. 
 
 James McDonald, July 30, '64. 
 
 Edward McLaughlin, Apr. 6, '65. 
 
 Henry Merkell, Apr. 4, '65. 
 
 Andrew Merkert, Oct. 4, '64. 
 
 Charles Miller, disch. June 4, '65. 
 
 Albrecht Mohr, Oct. 11, '64. 
 
 Joseph Murphy, disch. June 4, '65. 
 
 James McAuliff, disch. Dec. 16, '63. 
 
 Charles McNeer, June 2, '64 ; disch. May 2, '65. 
 
 John P. Miller, disch. Apr. 28, '65. 
 
 Samuel Mattson, killed June 4, '64. 
 
 John Miller, died June 22, '64, of wounds. 
 
 Michael G. Morton, killed June 3, '64. 
 
 Thomas J. Mattson. 
 
 William Munnion. 
 
 John W. Niblick, trans, to V. R. C. 
 
 John P. Newkirk, died Apr. 10, '64. 
 
 Frederick Pauli, Apr. 7, '65. 
 
 John Peterson, July 16, '64. 
 
 James Pierce, trans, to V. E. C. 
 
 Abraham Pressman, July 20, '64; trans, to Co. H. 
 
 James Privet, trans, to V. E. C. 
 
144 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Peter Powell, July 18, '64; died Oct. 1, '64. 
 
 David Eonan, Oct. 4, '64. 
 
 Thomas Ruth, Oct. 4, '64. 
 
 .John Richardson, July 20, '64; disch. Nov. 8, '64. 
 
 August Rien, Aug. 6, '64. 
 
 Benjamin Sailor, Aug. 1, '64. 
 
 George Sailor, disch. June 4, '65. 
 
 Charles Scheffler, disch. June 4, '65. 
 
 Frederick Schmidt, Oct. 5, '64. 
 
 John Schneider, Oct. 6, '64. 
 
 Augustus Schogan, July 9, '62. 
 
 George Schoonover, Feb. 25, '66. 
 
 Joseph Shuss, Oct. 4, '64. 
 
 John Simeson, disch. June 4, '65. 
 
 William Sloan, disch. June 4, '65. 
 
 James Sullivan, disch. May 15, '65. 
 
 Francis Sweeney, June 14, '64 ; disch. June 12, '65. 
 
 David Simpkins, disch. Dec. 24, '63. 
 
 Peter Sharp, trans, to V. R. C. 
 
 John L. Sharp, died Apr. 20, '63. 
 
 John Smith, Oct. 11, '64 ; died Nov. 11, '64, wounds. 
 
 John Smith, Oct. 11, '64. 
 
 William Stone, Apr. 6, '65. 
 
 Elijah B. Thomas, died June 4, '65. 
 
 Jacob Trunck, Feb. 28, '65. 
 
 Amos Tompkins, disch. May 29, '65. 
 
 .James Turner, disch. July 13, '63. 
 
 Jonathan Timmerman, died Apr. 4, '63. 
 
 Robert Ubbrell, Sept. 17, '64; disch. June 4, '65. 
 
 Adam Urban, disch. June 4, '65. 
 
 John Urban, disch. May 25, '65. 
 
 James R. Vannote, Oct. 8, '64. 
 
 Benjamin R. Vincent, trans, to V. R. C. 
 
 Englebart Weimer, Sept. 1, '64. 
 
 John Weimer, July 30, '64. 
 
 Clement C. White, disch. June 4, '65. 
 
 John White, Sept. 1, '64. 
 
 John Williams, Oct. 8, '64. 
 
 Franz Wirobisoh, June 18, '64. 
 
 John Wohlicher, Oct. 6, '64; disch. June 20, '65. 
 
 Joseph Work, trans, to V. R. C. 
 
 James B. Wood, died Dec. 20, '64. 
 
 Joel Wood, killed May 3, '63. 
 
 John Winter, June 16, '64. 
 
 Wm. Youngblood, July 27, '64; disch. July 18, '65. 
 
 Lieutenant- Colonel Henry F. Chew 
 is the grandson of Jesse and Mary Chew, of 
 Gloucester County, N. J., and the son of 
 Joseph R. and Maria Chew, of Salem County, 
 ill the same State. He was born in the town- 
 ship of Mannington, Salem County, on the 
 8th of December, 1837, and educated at the 
 Friends schools in the town of Salem, after 
 
 which he learned the trade of a wheelwright 
 under his father's direction. Thus engaged 
 at the outbreak of the war, in 1861, he enter- 
 ed the service with the three months' soldiers 
 as lieutenant in the Fourth Regiment New 
 Jersey Voluiiteers. At the expiration of his 
 time of service he became captain of Com- 
 pany I, Ninth Regiment New Jersey Volun- 
 teers, and resigned March 9, 1862, on account 
 of sickness. 
 
 Re-entering the service, he was made captain 
 of Company I, Twelfth Regiment New 
 Jersey Volunteers, and received, in July, 
 
 1864, promotion to the rank of major of the 
 regiment. In March, 1865, he was made 
 lieutenant-colonel, and commanded the regi- 
 ment from August 25, 1864, until it was 
 mustered out of service, on the 4th of June, 
 
 1 865. Colonel Chew participated in many en- 
 gagements, of which the following are the more 
 important : Roanoke Island, Chancellorsville, 
 Gettysburg, Falling Waters, Auburn Mills, 
 Bristow Station, Blackburn's Ford, Robinson's 
 Tavern, Mine Run, Morton's Ford, Wilder- 
 ness (in which he was wounded), Petersburg, 
 Deep Bottom, Mine Explosion, north bank 
 of James River, Ream's Station, Fort Sedg- 
 wick, Hatcher's Run (first and second), Boyd- 
 ton Plank-Road, Hatcher's Run (second and 
 third), Dabney's Mill, Capture of Petersburg, 
 Sailor's Creek, High Bridge, Farmville and 
 Lee's Surrender. On retiring from the 
 service Colonel Chew began the study ot 
 dentistry, and in the fall of 1867 engaged 
 in its practice, which he still continues. He 
 was , in 1868, married to Miss Marietta, 
 daughter of James P. and Sarah Fogg, ot 
 Salem, N. J. Their children are two 
 daughters, Helen A. and Mary R. 
 
 Gettysburg Monument. — The monu- 
 ment erected on the battle-field of Gettysburg 
 by the society of the Twelfth Regiment wns 
 dedicated on May 26, 1886, on which occa- 
 sion, among other exercises, Comrade Joseph 
 Burroughs, president of the society, gave an 
 interesting sketch of its workings and a de- 
 
THE WAR FOR THE UNION. 
 
 145 
 
 scription of the monument itself, from which 
 the following acconnt is condensed : 
 
 " In the summer of 1882 a few of our comrades 
 visited this historic town and battle-field, and 
 learned that the Gettj'sburg Memorial Association 
 had come into possession of much of the ground 
 occupied by the lines of the Union army in the 
 principal engagements on the 2d and 3d of July, 
 1863, and observed that some five or six tablets or 
 monuments had been placed by regiments to indi- 
 cate the positions held by them, as well as to 
 honor their dead who there fell. 
 
 " At the next annual meeting of the Reunion 
 Society of the Twelfth Regiment New Jersey Vol- 
 unteers, held at Woodbury February 22, 1883, a 
 committee, consisting of Comrades Joseph Bur- 
 roughs, Frank M. Acton and James S. Kiger, was 
 appointed to consider the expediency and cost of 
 erecting a tablet or monument on the line formerly 
 occupied by the regiment at the battle of Gettys- 
 burg. At this meeting the date of the annual 
 meeting of the Reunion Society was changed from 
 February 22d to September 4th — the latter being 
 the date of our muster into the United States ser- 
 vice — and a much more favorable season of the 
 year for the purpose. 
 
 " At the annual meeting held at Woodstown 
 September 4, 1883, the committee reported in favor 
 of the project and asked for instructions as to the 
 amount that the Society would raise and expend 
 in the work, stated that the prices ranged from $10 . 
 to $1000. 
 
 " Nothing was done at this meeting, however, 
 beyond the constituting of each member of the 
 Society a committee of one to solicit subscriptions 
 for the monument. 
 
 '■ At the annual meeting held at Salem Septem- 
 ber 4, 1884, much enthusiasm was manifested by 
 the comrades present, and a sufficient amount had 
 been subscribed to insure the success of the enter- 
 prise. 
 
 " The next step in the matter was the issuing of 
 a circular by the committee, giving the object and 
 soliciting of the remaining comrades who had not 
 contributed. This was responded to very satisfac- 
 torily, and on the 8th of March, 1885, the commit- 
 tee met and ascertained that with the amount of 
 cash in hand and pledged, a monument costing 
 eight hundred dollars could be erected. A design 
 was next adopted and proposals for the work in- 
 vited, and on the 19th of May, 1885, a contract 
 was entered into with Mr. Michael Reilly, of Cam- 
 den, N. J., for the construction and erection upon 
 19 
 
 this spot of the monument for the dedication of 
 which you have been invited here at this time. 
 
 '"The work was finally completed in the autumn 
 of 1885, but at too late a date for the dedication to 
 take place that year, and the committee decided 
 upon May 26, 1886. 
 
 " The material of which the monument is con- 
 structed is Richmond granite. Although not, per- 
 haps, the moat widely known, it has been thor- 
 oughly tested by the United States government 
 and found to be of iine grain, dense, impervious to 
 the elements, and capable of sustaining the great- 
 est weight. It is being used in the construction of 
 the building to be occupied by the State, War and 
 Navy Departments at Washington. 
 
 THE GETTYSBURG MOXUMENT. 
 
 "The base is four feet eight inches square and two 
 feet high, with sides rustic-dressed. The sub-base 
 is three feet eight inches square and eighteen inches 
 high, fine hammered, and lettered, ' 2d Brig. 2d 
 Div. 2d Corps.' 
 
 " The die is two feet eight inches square, by four 
 feet ten inches in height, polished on the two faces 
 fronting Round Top Avenue, and lettered as fol- 
 lows : 
 
 " On first face— 
 
 " ' In memory of the men of the Twelfth Regi- 
 ment New Jersey Infantry Volunteers, who fell 
 upon this field July 2d and 3d, 1863, and who else- 
 where died under the flag, this monument is dedi- 
 
 .^-- 
 
146 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 cated by their surviving comrades as an example 
 to future generations.' 
 
 " On the second face — 
 
 '"Buck and Ball, Calibre 69.' 
 
 " ' This regiment made two separate charges on 
 the Bliss barn and captured it.' 
 
 " The letters are all sunken, to prevent abrasion 
 and the vandalism of relic-hunters. 
 
 " The capstone is three feet two inches square by 
 two feet high, upon each face of which has been 
 placed the badge of the Second Corps, the trefoil 
 raised and polished. 
 
 " It is surmounted by a pedestal, upon which is a 
 representation of ihe missile so effectively used by 
 the regiment in repelling the charge of the enemy 
 — ^buck and ball. 
 
 "The aggregate height of the monument is 
 twelve feet six inches. The foundation was care- 
 fully laid, and the stone has been set in the most 
 substantial, careful and durable manner." 
 
 After the conclusion of Comrade Bur- 
 roughs' historical sketch, addresses were made 
 by Captain F. M. Riley, president of the 
 association, and Colonel W. E. Potter, the 
 latter being the orator of the day. 
 
 Nine Months Troops. — New Jersey 
 sent eleven regiments into the field as her 
 response to the call of President Lincoln on 
 August 4, 1862, for three hundred thousand 
 militia to serve for nine months, unless 
 sooner discharged. They were numbered 
 from the Twenty-first to the Thirty-first, 
 both inclusive. In the Twenty-fourth Reg- 
 iment, commanded by Colonel Frank L. 
 Knight, of Camden, were three companies — 
 D, E and I — which were raised in Camden 
 County by voluntary enlistment. The mus- 
 ter-in took place at Beverly, September 16th, 
 and arriving at Washington, October 1st, 
 the regiment was placed in the provisional 
 brigade of Casey's division. On December 
 9th it reached the Rappahannock opposite 
 Fredericksburg, and was transferred to Kim- 
 ball's brigade, of French's division, Second 
 Army Corps. In the assault of the 13th, 
 raw troops as they were, they advanced 
 nearer the Confederate defences than any 
 other command except the Irish regiments, 
 and lost one hundred and sixty killed and 
 
 wounded in their heroic attack. They held 
 their ground tenaciously until relieved, but 
 even then were compelled to seek refuge in 
 and about the burning buildings, where, pros- 
 trate on the earth, they were exposed to the 
 shot and shell. Company D lost three 
 killed and twelve wounded j Company E, 
 two killed and four wounded; Company I, 
 two killed and sixteen wounded. Captain Ward 
 was shot through the lungs, and Captain 
 Shinn in the right eye. Lieutenant JohnO. 
 Crowell was wounded in the arm, but con- 
 tinued fighting until another bullet brought 
 death to him. 
 
 The regiment resumed camp, from which 
 it did not depart for four months. On 
 Thursday, April 2, 1863, copies of the 
 " Peace Resolutions" passed by the New 
 Jersey Legislature were received in camp, 
 and the men held a mass-meeting at which 
 they were indignantly denounced. On May 
 3d it was under fire at Chancellorsville, 
 sutfering a loss of about forty in killed, 
 wounded and missing, and was mustered 
 out at Beverly, June 29, 1863. 
 
 The rank and file of the Camden com- 
 panies of this regiment are here given : 
 
 COMPANY D, TWENTY-FOTJETH REGIMENT NEW 
 
 JERSEY VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 [This company was mustered in September 16, 1862, and mustered 
 
 out June 29, 1863, unless otherwise stated.] 
 
 Captain. 
 
 Aaron Ward, dis. May 31, '63. 
 
 First Lieutenant. 
 David W. Bartine, 
 Second lAeutenants. 
 Geo. D. Britton, resigned April 13, '63. 
 Samuel H. Deal. 
 
 Mrst Sergeant. 
 Franklin T. Horman. 
 Sergeants. 
 Cooper Wiltsey. John Thornton. 
 
 Joseph D. Bates. George H. Lawson. 
 
 John H. Smith. 
 Corporals. 
 Benjamin Dilkes. Samuel E. Clark. 
 
 William Carney. Alphonso T. Chew. 
 
 Nathan E. Hammond. Samuel H. Morton.' 
 Thomas N. Zimmerman. Cornelius H. Strang.' 
 
 • Discharged January 7, 1863. 
 2 Died December 22, 1862. 
 
THE WAR FOR THE UNION. 
 
 147 
 
 John Sinclair. Richard S. Lutz, mus. 
 
 George 0. Rohrberg. Mathias M. Chew, mus. 
 Privates. 
 
 James C. Abbott. 
 William Abbott. 
 Theodore Allen. 
 John C. Atkinson. 
 Hiram D. Beckett. 
 Andrew W. Berry. 
 John Bischof. 
 Jonathan Brown. 
 S. Kennard Bachelder. 
 Abraham Camp. 
 William H. Carr. 
 William H. Chew. 
 Charles H. Clifford. 
 Frederick Den elsbeck . 
 Charles F. Dilks.^ 
 Charles H. Davis.^ 
 Henry B. Dickinson.' 
 Dana L. Dunbar.* 
 Charles Errickson." 
 William H. Fowler. 
 Antonio Fiebiger." 
 Aaron C. Fowler.' 
 Jacob Giffins. 
 William Giffins. 
 Adolph Goetz. 
 James Guice. 
 Charles P. Gunning. 
 William Haines. 
 Thomas R. Hammond. 
 Samuel Haywood. 
 Adolph Heller. 
 Benjamin Hoffman. 
 John M. Holston. 
 Hiram Hufsey. 
 Martin V. Haines.* 
 Jonathan R. Henry.' 
 
 Abraham Jones. 
 Jonas T. Jackson.'" 
 Jesse King. 
 Leonard Knorr. 
 Charles W. Leeary. 
 Samuel Leddon. 
 Samuel Lonstreth. 
 John Lee. 
 William Mason. 
 Henry Matchinskey. 
 John McCarty. 
 Alexander Murray. 
 Daniel Murphy." 
 George McClernan.'^ 
 John Prasch. 
 John W. Peterson. 
 George Reckelcomb. 
 John Reckelcomb. 
 Shepherd Rossell. 
 Ferdinand Saxe. 
 Abraham L. Sharf. 
 Sylvester Sharf. 
 John Simkins. 
 John Simpkins. 
 George Salzgaher.'' 
 James Stevenson." 
 Benjamin Turner. 
 Isaac Turner. 
 James Turner. 
 Robert W. Turner.'^ 
 John R. Walters. 
 Uriah Wilson. 
 John F. Wolf. 
 William J. Wolf. 
 Theodore F. Worth.'^ 
 Andrew Welsh. 
 
 ' Discharged December 15, 1862. 
 2 Died March 16, 1863. 
 ' Died November 28, 1862. 
 
 * Died December 13, 1862. 
 
 ' Discharged April 12, 1863. 
 
 • Discharged March 24, 1863. 
 
 ' Discharged February 25, 1863. 
 
 ' Discharged June 5, 1863. 
 
 » Died December 13, 1862. 
 
 >» Killed in action December 13, 1862. 
 
 « Discharged October 31, 1862. 
 
 "2 Killed in action December 13* 1862. 
 
 13 Discharged May 21, 1863. 
 
 '♦ Discharged April 8, 1863. 
 
 15 Died June 9, 1863. 
 
 '6 Died December 13, 1862. 
 
 Jonas Jackson and. George McClellan, of 
 this company, were killed in battle December 
 13, 1862, and Theodore F. Worth is reported 
 as having died on the same day. 
 
 COMPANY E, TWENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT NEW 
 
 JERSEY VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 [This company was mustered in September 16, 1862, and mustered 
 
 out June 29, 1863, unless otherwise stated.] 
 
 Captain. 
 
 Augustus Sailer. 
 
 First JAeutenant. 
 
 Edward C. Cattell. 
 
 Second Lieutenant. 
 
 Charles W. Wilkins. 
 
 Mrst Sergeants. 
 
 Samuel A. Deal." William N. Hewitt. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 George W. Bailey. Henry C. England. 
 
 Nathan Paul. Isaac Cowgill. 
 
 Corporals. 
 W. Thackara Cozens. John B. Simmons.'* 
 
 Isaac L. Fowler. 
 Robert W. Hughes. 
 Clark R. Tomlin. 
 Charles W. Clement. 
 Benjamin F. Stetser. 
 
 John Sinclair." 
 John F. Gaskill.2" 
 Luke Reeves. 
 Charles Farr.^' 
 George F. Hannold,^" 
 
 John L. Huff. 
 
 Privates. 
 
 Harrison T. Adams. 
 William E. Atkinsoii. 
 Charles H. Bacon. 
 John H. Boody. 
 John L. Baily.^* 
 Enos W. Bates." 
 Joseph T. Bates.^^ 
 George W. Cattell. 
 Edward H. Cooper. 
 Hanson S. Cooper. 
 Charles Cowgill. 
 Coleman Curran. 
 Thomas P. Casperson.^* 
 George Y. Davis. 
 Richard D. Davis. 
 William H. Dilks. 
 Andrew Bisile. 
 
 Arthur P. Ellis.^' 
 John Gallagher. 
 Charles G. Garrison. 
 William Gold. 
 Chester Green. 
 Daniel S. Groff. 
 Edward P. Hall. 
 John W. Hannold. 
 Amariah Hollis. 
 Charles Hood. 
 James H. Hughes. 
 William C. RuS."" 
 John H. Ireland. 
 John L. Jordan." 
 Richard Jones.™ 
 Barclay D. Kelly. 
 John Keller. 
 
 "Pro. 2d lieut. Co. D April 14, '63. 
 
 '8 Disch Feb. 6, '63. 
 '9 Disch. April 11, '63. 
 ™Disoh. Mar. 19, '63. 
 21 Died Dec. 24, 62. 
 2ZDiedDec.26, '62. 
 23 Disch. May 21, '63. 
 
 24 Disch. March 3, '( 
 
 25 Died March 9, '63. 
 2S Disch. March 18, 'C 
 
 27 Died Dec. 13, '62. 
 
 28 Died Dec. 13, '62. 
 2» Disch Jan. 7, '63. 
 
 ' Killed in action Dec. 13, '62. 
 
148 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Samuel L. P. Murphy. 
 Isaiah, Magee.^ 
 John Mapes.^ 
 Joseph W. Miller.' 
 Benjamin F. Murray.* 
 Frederick P. Neil. 
 Lawrence K. Nuss. 
 George Owens. 
 Samuel Paul. 
 William Pettitt. 
 Fithian Parker.* 
 J. Alexander Packer.^ 
 William Eambo. 
 Henry Ramsey. 
 William Randless. 
 John Reed. 
 
 William S. Richardson. 
 Edward Russell. 
 John W. Randless.' 
 Jeremiah J. Snethen. 
 David H. Sparks. 
 Charles W. Stevens. 
 
 William D. Sheets." 
 William C. Sparks. 
 Joseph T. String. 
 Edward Tallman. 
 Eufus 0. Thomson. 
 William L. Thomson. 
 Joseph W. Tomlin. 
 John W. Tonkin. 
 John E. Touser. 
 William T. Turpin. 
 William B. Tussey. 
 Martin H. Tanner.' 
 James H. Vanneman. 
 Charles S. Warner. 
 Charles Weiley. 
 Aaron Wilkins. 
 William M. Woollard. 
 John Wood. 
 John L. Wood. 
 George W. Warner.'" 
 Joseph C. D. Williams." 
 
 William Yerricks. 
 The names of those of this company who 
 were killed are Richard Jones, Alexander J. 
 Packer, Joseph C. D. Williams and Luke 
 Reeves, who lost their lives in the engage- 
 ment at Fredericksburg, Virginia, December 
 13, 1862. After the expiration of the term of 
 service most of the survivors re-enlisted and 
 joined regiments in the three years service. 
 
 COMPANY I, TWENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT NEW 
 
 JERSEY VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 [This company was mustered in September 16, 1862, and mustered 
 
 out June 29, 1863, unless otherwise stated.] 
 
 Captain. 
 William C. Shinn. 
 First Lieutenants. 
 John 0. Crowell,'^ James L. Woodward.^' 
 
 Second Lieutenant 
 Henry S. Spaulding.^' 
 
 First Sergeant. 
 Charles F. Fackler. 
 
 Chas H. Shinn, Jr. Joseph D. Wilson. 
 
 Wm. W. Eisele. Thomas Law. 
 
 Emanuel M. Kirk. 
 
 1 Disch. Jan. 19, '63. 
 ''Disoh. Mar. 26, '63. 
 3 Diaeh. Feb. 23, '63. 
 ■'Disch. Jan. 14, '63. 
 6 Died Dee. 13, '62. 
 sKill^d Deo. 13, '62. 
 
 'Disch. Mar. 17, '63. 
 
 s Disch. Feb. 5, '63. 
 
 SDisch. Mar. 3, '63. 
 '» Disch. Dec. 14, '62. 
 11 Killed Dee. 13, '62. 
 " Killed Dee. 13, '62. 
 
 Robert C. Parvin, 
 Chas. H. McAnney. 
 Ransome Shoemaker. 
 George J. Broadwater. 
 Nathaniel 0. Gandy. 
 
 John W. Adams. 
 Levi H. Atkinson. 
 Isaac Collins Baker. 
 Miles Bates. 
 Samuel A. Bates. 
 Harvey Beach. 
 John L. Beckett. 
 Henderson S. Biggs. 
 James Biggs. 
 Henry Brill. 
 John H. Brockington. 
 John R. Burroughs." 
 Joseph H. Button." 
 Howard Beebe.'*' 
 William Chew, Jr. 
 Ambrose P. Clark. 
 Adrian Clunn. 
 Joseph C. Comer. 
 George Conly. 
 Eli Craig. 
 George Clark. 
 Lawrence E. Cake." 
 Wm. H. Chamberlain.™ 
 Nathan Comer. 
 Robert Dean. 
 John W. Downs. 
 Lamar M. Daniels.''' 
 Nicholas S. Derringer.''* 
 Abram C. Dilks. 
 John Fetters. 
 John Alexander Fish. 
 Wm. Fowler. 
 Jacob T. Fish.'"' 
 Wm. L. Galbraith. 
 John Garrett. 
 Thomas Gibbs. 
 Henry Goldenberg. 
 
 Corporals. 
 
 Edward L. Crowell. 
 Joseph H. McAnney." 
 James McClernand.'^ 
 Daniel Williams, mus. 
 Daniel Osborne, mus. 
 
 Privates. 
 
 John George Grammel. 
 Wm. E. Hagerman, Jr. 
 Joseph D. Hendriokson. 
 Henry H. Hughes. 
 Wm. Sagers. 
 Isaac P. Johnson. 
 James C. Jones. 
 Conrad Krautz. 
 Samuel Lindsay. 
 Richard B. Lippincott. 
 Levi B. Marshall. 
 John Marshall. 
 Charles Miller. 
 Paulen Nelson. 
 Oliver Ogden. ^* 
 Joshua P. Parker. 
 Lewman H. Parkhurst. 
 John M. Plum. 
 George Parks.® 
 Wm. B. Parks.''" 
 Elijah Porch." 
 John Ridge way, 
 David Rile. 
 
 Ephraim C. Richmond.^* 
 George C. Saul. 
 John W. Saul. 
 Charles Scott. 
 Peter S. Shivers. 
 Israel Stiles. 
 George J. Stewart. 
 Christian L. Sharp.'-" 
 Thomas E. Sharp.™ 
 Philip G. Simpkins."' 
 Elvy Simpkins.'* 
 Levi B. Tice. 
 Samuel S. Tomlinson. 
 Charles Trapper. 
 
 1' Mustered in Jan. 15, '63. 
 
 "Disch. March 23, '63. 
 
 WDied May 3, '63. 
 
 16 Pro. q. m.-sergt. Sept. 20,'62. 
 
 "Disch. Feb. 25, '63. 
 
 18 Died Dec. 13, '62. 
 
 19 Killed in action Dec. 13, '62. 
 
 ^ Died April 19, '63. 
 
 "1 Died April 18, '63. 
 
 "2 Died Dec. 16, '62. 
 
 23 Disch. Jan. 29, '63. 
 
 "* Disch. Feb. 4, '63. 
 "5 Disch. Dec. 31, '62. 
 "6 Disch. March 16, '63. 
 "Disch. Jan. 4, '63. 
 "8 Disch. May 4, '63. 
 29 Disch. Feb. 25, '63. 
 3» Disch. Feb. 16, '63. 
 3' Disch. March 1, '68. 
 '"Died March 18, '63. 
 
THE WAR FOR THE UNION. 
 
 149 
 
 Charles E. Tule. Samuel P. Wescoat. 
 
 Isaac T. Vanneman. Eli Wilson. 
 
 John F. Walker. Joseph R. Wescoat.' 
 Jacob Weiss. 
 
 Of this company, First Lieutenant John O. 
 Crowell and Private Lawrence E. Cake were 
 killed in the battle of Fredericksburg, De- 
 cember 13, 1862. 
 
 Company H, Twenty-eighth Regi- 
 ment. — The only other organization of nine 
 months troops from Camden County was 
 Company H, of the Twenty-eighth Regiment, 
 which was mustered in September 22, 1862, 
 and left Freehold October 2d for Washing- 
 ton. It was brigaded with the Twenty-fourth 
 Regiment, and had about the same experience 
 as that command at the battle of Fredericks- 
 burg. Its killed were fourteen ; wounded, 
 one hundred and forty-seven ; and missing, 
 twenty-nine. After its participation in the 
 battle of Chancellorsville it was marched 
 back to camp at Falmouth, and on July 6 
 1863, was mustered out. 
 
 COMPANY H, TWENTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT NEW 
 
 JERSEY VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 [Thia company was mustered in September 22, 1862, and mustered 
 
 out July 6, 1863, unless otherwise stated.] 
 
 Captain. 
 Manly S. Peacock.'' 
 
 First Lieutenant. 
 Benjamin C. Rulon. 
 Second lAeutenant. 
 John T. Smith. 
 First Sergeant. 
 Charles H. Rogers. 
 Sergeants. 
 John Cleavenger. William C. Fees. 
 
 John W. Moore. Thomas E. Clarke.' 
 
 Richard Richards. David H. Westcoat.* 
 
 Corporah. 
 Cornelius C. Pease. Henry Day. 
 
 Josiah E. Giberson. Joseph S. Pike. 
 
 Robert Smith. George W. Bittle. 
 
 James H. Townsend. James Sinclair.* 
 William H. Agins. 
 
 iDlsch. Mareh21, '63. 
 
 2 Resigned March 25, 1863. 
 
 ' Discharged January 10, 1863. 
 
 * Died March 11, 1863. 
 
 5 Died January 10, 1863. 
 
 Musicians- 
 
 Richarfl E. Elwell. William B. Dilks. 
 
 Wagoner. 
 
 Edward M. Kellum. 
 
 Privates. 
 
 Christian Apple. Joshua J. Livzey. 
 
 John Bates. Franklin E. Lloyd. 
 
 Henry C. Beebe. William Leslie." 
 
 William Bennett. Thomas Macann. 
 
 George Brill. William Marshall. 
 
 Joseph Buzby. Henry McCully. 
 
 Richard Buzby. Samuel L. Miller. 
 
 Isaac Bosure.^ John L. Morey.'" 
 
 David Bates.' David Newman. 
 
 Joseph Cane. David H. Nichols. 
 
 William P. Carr. James Parker. 
 
 David L. Carter. Samuel H. Parker. 
 
 James L. Casto. John E. Pike. 
 
 Thomas E. Combes. Joseph J. Pike. 
 
 Alexander Cooke. Henry Parker. 
 
 Charles Clements.* James Ripley. 
 
 Edward Dixon. John D. Rodgers. 
 
 Thomas L. Dixon. William B. Ross. 
 
 William Dolan. William Robinson.'' 
 
 John W. Darnell." Benjamin S. Ross." 
 
 William W. Dill.'" Richard Seely. 
 
 Louis Engard. George Shaw. 
 
 Andrew Elberson." John Sinclair, Jr. 
 
 George Fish. Charles Seymour." 
 
 Charles J. Fees.'" Benjamin Simpkins."^ 
 
 Charles Fowler."" Samuel Simpkins.'^" 
 
 David Ford.'* John W. Surran." 
 
 Jacob D. Hawk. George Thompson. 
 
 Benjamin Hinchman. Charles Van Lear. 
 
 Benjamin W. Hughes. William Webb. 
 
 Joseph F. Hughes. Thomas West. 
 
 Benjamin H. Hughes.'* David D. Winner. 
 
 William G. Iredell.'" Cooper J. Watson.^* 
 
 Charles Johnson. Joseph Williams.'* 
 
 David Ford is the only soldier reported as 
 being killed from this company. He lost his 
 life in the battle of Fredericksburg, Va., 
 December 13, 1862. 
 
 6 Dis. March 24, 1863. " Discharged April 1, 1863. 
 
 ' Died Deo. 13, 1862. '« Died December 6, 1862. 
 
 s Dis. April 1, 1863. '« Discharged Feb. 10, 1863. 
 
 9 Dis. April 4, 1863. ™ Discharged Jan. 26, 1863. 
 
 '» Dis. April 16, 1863. '' Discharged Feb. 11, 1864. 
 
 " Died Dec. 18, 1862. ^'' Discharged April 1, 1863. 
 
 '2 Dis. May 10, 1863. *' Discharged April 9, 1863. 
 
 '3 Dis. April 14, 1863. ** Discharged April 1, 1863. 
 
 " Killed Dec. 13, 1862. '* Dis. March 24, 1863. 
 
 w Died Jan. 19, 1863. ^ Discharged May 23, 1863. 
 18 Died March 9, 1868. 
 
160 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 EMEEaBNCY Companies. — When Lee 
 invaded Pennsylvania in June, 1863, Gov- 
 ernor Curtin, of that State, appealed to the 
 other loyal States for assistance, and on 
 June 17th the Governor of New Jersey 
 called for volunteers for thirty days to aid in 
 repelling the enemy. James M. Scovel at 
 once recruited an independent company in 
 Camden, which was mustered in on June 
 19th. It left for Harrisburg the same day 
 and was assigned to duty under General 
 Couch. At the end of the thirty days 
 service the company was returned to Trenton 
 for discharge. Its roster was as subjoined : 
 Captain. 
 James M. Scovel. 
 First Lieutenant. 
 Timothy C. Moore. 
 Second Lieutenant. 
 George Holl. 
 First Sergeant. 
 James Lane. 
 Sergeants. 
 Jas. V. Gibson. Ernest Troth. 
 
 George E. Webb. Erancis C. Vanhorn. 
 
 Corporals. 
 Joseph JVI. Cooper. Sylvester Birdsell. 
 
 P. J. Murray. Benj. Wright. 
 
 Lawrence Breyer. John Capewell. 
 
 Wm. Wible. Henry Smith. 
 
 Privates. 
 
 Joseph Bates. John Kline. 
 
 Anthony Bernard. Wm. Mahoney. 
 
 Henry Breyer. James McCormick. 
 
 Wm. Bundick. Peter Quin. 
 
 Joseph Burton. Mich. Leibinlitz. 
 
 Simpson Campbell. Enoch Shootz. 
 
 John Decker. John Smith. 
 
 Wm. Dorman. James Snowe. 
 
 Geo. Dosinger. David Sparks. 
 
 John Dovey. Isaac H. Stowe. 
 
 Thos. Dovey. Geo. Tenner. 
 
 John Fenner. Benj. Todd. 
 
 Henry Figley. Benj. Tyre. 
 
 Edw. Gitfbrd. Geo. Ward. 
 
 Henry Gilbert. James Wilson. 
 
 John Guyant. William Wilson. 
 
 Frank Hewett. David Wood. 
 
 John Hill. Frederick Wood. 
 
 Wm. C. Kaighn. Henry Belisle. 
 
 H. Kelly. John Campbell. 
 
 John Coats. John McGuin. 
 
 Josiah Davis. Josiah Mead. 
 
 David W. Hutton. David D. Middleton. 
 
 Henry Ivins. John Sletzer. 
 
 Maryland Emeegency Men. — In the 
 early part of July, 1864, Washington and 
 Baltimore were endangered by an invasion 
 of the enemy. A battle had been fought 
 within a few miles of Baltimore, and com- 
 munication with Washington interrupted. 
 In view of this emergency, Governor Parker, 
 of New Jersey, issued a proclamation dated 
 Trenton, July 12, 1864, calling for the or- 
 ganization of the militia for thirty days ser- 
 vice in Pennsylvania, Maryland and the 
 District of Columbia. Under the call the 
 company from Camden reported for duty, 
 was accepted, and mustered in at Camden, 
 N. J., July 14, 1864, for thirty days. It 
 left the State, July 15th, for Baltimore, and 
 on arrival reported to Major-General Lew 
 Wallace, commanding the Middle Depart- 
 ment. It was stationed at the Relay House, 
 near Baltiniore, and was attached to the 
 First Separate Brigade, Eighth Army Corps. 
 Upon expiration of term of service it re- 
 turned to New Jersey and was mustered out 
 at Camden, August 15, 1864. It was known 
 as Company A, First New Jersey Militia, 
 and this was its membership : 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 
 Captain. 
 Richard H. Lee. 
 
 First Lieutenant. 
 William C. Shiun. 
 
 Second Lieutenant. 
 Charles F. Kain. 
 
 First Sergeant. 
 Charles T. Stratton. 
 
 Samuel H. Elder. 
 Robert T. Wood. 
 
 Eugene Troth. 
 John Guyant. 
 Charles F. Tackier 
 William Avis. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 
 Samuel W. Caldwell. 
 Samuel Hufty. 
 
 Coporah. 
 
 Warren H. Somers. 
 Edward S. Stratton. 
 Edward C. Shinn. 
 Henry H. Wilson. 
 
THE WAR FOR THE UNION. 
 
 151 
 
 Charles Page. Edwin Wallace. 
 
 Privates. 
 Savillion W. L. Archer. John Hollis. 
 
 Townsend Atkinson. Wm. L. Hozey. 
 
 Martin V. Bergen. John Hughes. 
 
 Thoma-s Bleyler. Thomas S. Hunter. 
 
 Isaac A. Braddock. Alfred Husback. 
 
 Benj. M. Braker. Wm. N. Jackson. 
 
 Samuel Brown. Wm. Jenkins. 
 
 William Brenning. Richard M. Johnson. 
 
 Edward Burrough. Isaac Jorden. 
 
 John E. Burrough. Ephraim Kemble. 
 
 Joseph Cameron. Aaron W. Knight. 
 
 Paul Casey. Wm. W. Margerum. 
 
 George W. Cheeseman. Ephraim T. Mead. 
 
 Williani Clark. David D. Middleton. 
 
 John Coats. Enoch A. Mitchell. 
 
 Charles K. Coles. Samuel C. Mitchell. 
 John K. Cowperthwaite. David Morgan. 
 
 Josiah Davis. John Powell. 
 
 Samuel W. Dilks. Walter A. Rink. 
 
 Charles Drew. Henry Sandman. 
 
 Aaron B. Eacritt. James M. Scovel. 
 
 Benjamin Elberson. Harry Settey. 
 
 Aaron Ellis. Isaac Shreeves. 
 
 James Emley. Isaac A. Shute. 
 
 Hiram A. Fairchild. Charles Sparshott. 
 
 Jacob Fetters. Edward Sparshott. 
 
 John H. Fine. Charles R. Stockton. 
 
 Simpson Force. James W. String. 
 
 Henry H. Fox. Charles C. Stutzer. 
 
 Alfred French. Richard C. Thompson. 
 
 Samuel T. Fulweiler. James F. Tomlin. 
 
 Robert Giberson. Garrett A. Tompkins. 
 
 Wm. Z. Gibson. Azohel R. Vanleer. 
 
 John Grant. Edward S. Westcott. 
 
 John Hallowell. Albert Whippey. 
 
 Stacy W. Hazleton. George L. White. 
 
 Frank Hewitt. Samuel Winner. 
 
 Wm. Holland. Norton Woodruff. 
 
 Thirty-fourth Regiment. — This regi- 
 ment, of which Company A, of Camden 
 County, was a part, was raised during the 
 summer and autumn of 1863, and was mus- 
 tered in for three years at Trenton in October. 
 Its lieutenant -colonel was Timothy C. 
 Moore, of Camden, who became colonel in 
 October, 1865. On' November 16, 1863, 
 the regiment left Trenton and was sent to 
 Eastport, Miss., and thence to Union City, 
 Tenn. On January 21, 1864, it was con- 
 
 stituted the garrison of Columbus, Ky., and 
 when summoned by General Buford to sur- 
 render. Colonel Lawrence gave a defiant an- 
 s.wer and repuLsed him after a skirmish of 
 some hours' duration. In December, 1864, it 
 was ordered to the Sixteenth Corps, and on 
 April 8th and 9th took part in the assault 
 and capture of the defenses of Mobile. This 
 regiment remained in the service, doing pro- 
 vost duty in Alabama, until April 10, 1866, 
 when it was mustered out. It had the honor 
 of being the last regiment from Neiv Jersey to 
 leave the service of the United States. It took 
 part in the following -named engagements: 
 Columbus, Ky., April 13, 1864 ; Hickman, 
 Ky.,June 10, 1864; Mayfield,Ky., Septem- 
 ber 1, 1864 ; Paris Landing, Ky., October 
 31, 1864; Nashville, December 27, 1864; 
 Fort Hugar, Mobile, April 2, 1865 ; Spanish 
 Fort, Mobile, April 3-4, 1865; and Fort 
 Blakeley, Mobile, April 5-9, 1865. This 
 regiment, though called into active service 
 late in its history, never failed to do its entire 
 duty. The following js the roster of the 
 Camden County company : 
 
 COMPANY A, THIRTY-FOUBTH REGIMENT NEW 
 
 JERSEY VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 [This company waa mustered in September 3, 1863, and mustered 
 
 out April 30, 1866, unless otherwise stated.] 
 
 Captains. 
 Edmund G. Jackson, dis. Sept. 3, '62. 
 Elisha V. Glover, Jr., May 15, '64. 
 First Lieutenants. 
 Wm. Stanley, June 22, '64 ; pro. capt. Co. H Jan. 
 
 8, '65. 
 John Schwartz, April 20, '65. 
 
 Second Lieutenants. 
 Richard J. Moore, res. June 21, '64. 
 James M. Cogans, July 22, '64; dis. May 15, '65. 
 
 First Sergeants. 
 Joseph H. Compton, pro. 2d lieut. Co. G Oct. 2, '64. 
 
 Daniel Epstein. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 Jacob Geiger. 
 Henry McCoy. 
 Joseph Crockford. 
 J. E. Hoffman, Nov. 9, '63. 
 Peter Karge, dis. March 9, '66. 
 John Laughlin, dis. June 13, '65. 
 J. S. Hyland, July 7, '64; trans, to Co. G. 
 
152 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 GorporaU. 
 C. J. B. Benson. Sept. 8, 64 ; dis. June 6, '65. 
 Joseph Moore, June 18, '64. 
 C. Manuel, Nov. 9, '63; dis. Jan. 6, '66. 
 W. T. G. Young, Feb. 21, '65 ; dis. Feb. 20, '66. ■ 
 Wm. Cogan, March 27, '66 ; dis. March 26, '66. 
 Thos. Johnston, March 27, '65 ; dis. March 26, '66. 
 Peter Groh. 
 
 Hyronimus Terring, Nov. 9, '63. 
 Stephen Bailey, died Sept. 18, '64. 
 Randolph Hampton, killed in action April 9, '65. 
 Charles Smith. 
 Josiah Hickman, musician. 
 Geo. H. Pullen, musician. 
 Benjamin D. Colkitt, wagoner. 
 Charles Brister, colored cook, Nov. 9, '63. 
 Charles Coward, colored cook, Nov. 9, '63. 
 
 Privates. 
 Andrew Armington, Feb. 25, '65 ; dis. Feb. 24, '66. 
 Charles Adams, Nov. 9, '63. 
 John Allen. 
 
 JohnG. Allen, July 24, '64. 
 William Anderson. 
 William Andrews. 
 Henry Armstrong, Nov. 9, '63. 
 John Earth, June 24, '64; dis. June 19, '65. 
 Wm. Becker. 
 
 Wm. Behan, March 25, '65 ; dis. March 24, '66. 
 George Bowers, Nov. 9, '63. 
 Robert M. Brown. 
 John Bruden. 
 
 John C. Bryant, April 19, '64 ; trans, to Co. E. 
 Joseph Bozarth, died Sept. 1, '65. 
 Wm. Badger. 
 Francis Baldwin. 
 Wm. Barger, June 3, '64. 
 Thomas Banfield, June 23, '64. 
 William Berger. 
 James Black. 
 James Brady, Feb. 4, '65. 
 Patrick Brady, July 5, '64. 
 James Branen. 
 William Brown. 
 Wm. Brown, Jan. 18, '65. 
 Thomas Burke. 
 Patrick Burns. 
 John Barber, Oct. 11, '64. 
 David Cowman. 
 Wm. Challis. 
 
 Charles Chamberlain, must, out July 22, '65. 
 John Collins, Feb. 25, '65 ; must, out Feb. 24, '66. 
 Israel M. Grain. 
 
 Wm. H. Clark, Aug. 2, '64 ; trans, to Co. F. 
 Charles Clemens, died July 8, '65. 
 John Cassidy, Nov. 9, '63. 
 
 Louis Courto. 
 
 John K. Cowperthwaite, Feb. 21, '66. 
 
 Jesse Dayre, trans, to 69th Pa. Regt. 
 
 Edward Deichman, Nov. 9, '63 ; trans, to V. R. C. 
 
 Edward Dougherty, Feb. 9, '65 ; trans, to Co. K. 
 
 Reading Davis, Dec. 23, '64 ; died April 20, '65. 
 
 Charles Dougherty, drowned Sept. 2, '64. 
 
 Patrick Daily, Feb. 4, '66. 
 
 William Davis. 
 
 William Davis, Oct. 11, '64. 
 
 Adolph Deneler, June 24, '64. 
 
 Albert Deurschnable, Nov. 9, '63. 
 
 Thomas Doogery, Sept. 13, '64. 
 
 John H. Dresman. 
 
 Charles Duffy. 
 
 John Duify. 
 
 George Dunning, April 16, '64. 
 
 Charles Eck, April 6, '65, trans, to Co. B. 
 
 Charles Edwards, June 1, '64, trans, to Co. B. 
 
 Frank Engle, Nov. 9, '68, trans, to 19th Pa. Cav. 
 
 Harry Emerick, Nov. 9, '63. 
 
 Charles Everhard, Nov. 9, '63. 
 
 Killian Fendrick, Sept. 6, '64, disch. Aug. 5, '65. 
 
 Edward Fuller, March 29, '66, disch. March 28,'66. 
 
 Ohas. F. Fackler, Sept. 6, '64, disch. Oct. 7, '64. 
 
 Fred. Fulmer, Nov. 9, '63, died Sept. 5, '65. 
 
 Samuel G. Fox. 
 
 Charles Frederick, Nov. 9, '63. 
 
 Louis Frotcher, Nov. 9, '63. 
 
 Wm. Gardner, Oct. 4, '64, disch. Nov. 20, '65. 
 
 Thos. Giblin, April 6, '65, disch. April 5, '66. 
 
 Wm. Gould, disch. Nov. 20, '65. 
 
 Daniel Green. 
 
 Charles G.Green, disch. June 10, '65. 
 
 James Green, Nov. 9, '63, died April 20, '66. 
 
 Joseph H. Girven, died August 7, '64. 
 
 Jacob Gallagher. 
 
 Albert J. Green, April 29, '64. 
 
 John Grim, June 8, '64. 
 
 James Headley. 
 
 Thos. Herbert. 
 
 Valentine Hoffman, April 10, '65, dis. April 9, '66. 
 
 William Hooper. 
 
 O. F. Howell, March 23, '65, disch. March 22, '66. 
 
 John Hoy, March 16, '65, disch. August 9, '66. 
 
 John R. Hull, March 11, '65, disch. March 10, '66. 
 
 John Hunter, Sept. 3, '64, disch. June 6, '66. 
 
 Thomas Headley, Sept. 9, '64. 
 
 Charles Hooper, disch. April 23, '66. 
 
 Benjamin Hackney, Feb. 21, '65, trans, to Co. H. 
 
 Wm. Harrison, July 14, '64, Vans, to Co. F. 
 
 Thomas Healey, Feb. 20, '66, trans, to Co. E. 
 
 Isaiah Horton, Feb. 21, '65, trans, to Co. H. 
 
 John Heerlein, April 13, '65, died Aug. 6, '65. 
 
 Charles Hoffman, Nov. 9, '63, died Aug. 9, '66. 
 
THE WAE FOR THE UNION 
 
 153 
 
 E. B. Holding, June 14, '64, died Feb. 4, '65. 
 Henry Hopkins, Nov. 9, '63. 
 Joseph Ireland, Feb. 21, '65, trans, to Co. H. 
 Napoleon Jules, April 8, '65, disch. April 7, '66. 
 Wm. B. Jamea, April 5, '65, trans, to Co. B. 
 Peter Johnson, March 28, '65, trans, to Co. B. 
 Jerome Judd, Sept. 12, '64, trans to Co. G. 
 Henry Jackson. 
 Francis Jones. 
 Robert Keller, Nov. 9, '63. 
 William Kelly. 
 
 A. G. Kirchner, April 1, '65, disch. Oct. 28, '65. 
 Ephraim Kram. 
 Richard Kripps, Nov. 9, '63. 
 Godfield Kuhn, disch. July' 12, '65. 
 Luther Kennedy, trans to V. E. C. 
 Charles Kuhn, trans, to pro. marshal. 
 John H. Keating, March 6, '65. 
 John W.Kimball. 
 John Kirchner. June 28, '64. 
 Edward King, April 16, '64. 
 John Luddy, April 10, '65, disch. April 7, '66. 
 George Linn, Nov. 9, '63, disch. May 5, '64. 
 Wm. Long, Jan. 17, '64, disch. Sept. 30, '64. 
 Joho H. Ladham, March 8, '65, trans, to Co. F. 
 Charles Landelt, April 10, '65, died July 21, '65, 
 Albert Lee. 
 
 John Lafertv, Nov. 9, '63. 
 Robert M. Long. 
 William Mathew.s, June 10, '64. 
 .John McDonald, Sept. 20, '64, dis. June 6, '65. 
 Peter McGinley. 
 
 Peter Mclntyre, dis. June 17, '65. 
 John Messner, April 13, '65, dis. Oct. 28, '65. 
 Philip Midas. 
 
 Charles G. Moore, dis. Aug. 18, '65. 
 Patrick McGentry, Sept. 16, '64, dis. Oct. 2, '64. 
 Michael Monahan, Sept. 12, '64, trans, to Co. G. 
 Samuel McConnell, July 20, '64, trans, to Co. F. 
 Francis P. Marsh, died May 23, '65. 
 John Miller, Nov. 9, '63, dis. Aug. 16, '65. 
 Louis Miller, drowned May 19, '64. 
 Richard Mansfield. 
 William Martin, Feb. 3, '65. 
 John Mathews, Jan. 10, '65. 
 Frederick Metz, June 17, '64. 
 William McGill, Nov. 9, '63. 
 Francis McGinley. 
 Michael Moran. 
 Thomas Moran. 
 James Murphy, Nov. 9, '63. 
 Thomas Murphy. 
 John L. Myres. 
 James McCarty, May 20, '64. 
 Joseph S. Naylor. 
 20 
 
 Peter F. Nichols, Dec. 28, '64, dis. Feb. 2, '66. 
 
 Patrick Noonan, June 14, '64, dis. Oct. 24, '65. 
 
 William O'Brien, Feb. 8, '66. 
 
 John O'Connor, March 21, '65. 
 
 Theodore W. Price, died Aug. 4, '64. 
 
 John Owens. 
 
 August Ramus, April 8, '65, dis. April 7, '66. 
 
 John Riordan, April 7, '65, trans, to Co. C. 
 
 John Ranch. 
 
 William M. Reed. 
 
 John Riley. 
 
 William Roberta. 
 
 Stephen Rooney. 
 
 Frank Rupium, Nov. 9, '68. 
 
 Israel Schaad. 
 George H. Snyder. 
 
 Peter Stidham, Sept. 9, '64, dis. Sept. 7, '65. 
 
 James R. Sweeney, Feb. 28, '65, dis. Feb. 25, '66. 
 
 Henry Schmidt, April 6, '65, trans, to Co. C. 
 
 Valentine Silberer, Nov. 9, '63, tr. to 19th Pa. Cav. 
 
 John T. Shaw, dis. July 25, '64. 
 
 David Sweeney, died Feb. 29, '64. . 
 
 Henry Saunders, Nov. 9, '68. 
 
 John Scanlon. 
 
 George W. Smith, April 5, '65. 
 
 William Smith. 
 
 John Stanton. 
 
 David Stephens. 
 
 Henry Stover, Jan. 10, '65. 
 
 Thomas Shardon, May 20, '64. 
 
 John C. Thomas, Feb. 20, '65, dis. July 7, '6o. 
 
 Francis Tippin, March 13, '65, dis. March 22, '66. 
 
 Abraham Tyler, died Feb. 4, '64. 
 
 Richard Ulbrich, April 6, '65, trans, to Co. C. 
 
 Francis Weaver, Oct. 4, '64, dis. Nov. 20, '65. 
 
 Waldo Wilkes, April 11, '65, dis. April 10, '65. 
 
 .John Wilson, Oct. 4, '64, dis. June 16, '65. 
 
 John Wilkes, May 16, '64, trans, to Co. D. 
 
 Charles Williams, Nov. 9, '68, died June 7, '65. 
 
 Christopher Winters, died Sept. 16, '63. 
 
 William White. 
 
 Patrick Wiggins, Feb 4, '65. 
 
 Thomas Wilde. 
 
 John Williams. 
 
 John H. Wilson, Feb, 20, '64. 
 
 .Jacob Wine, Nov. 9, '63. 
 
 Antonio Witzel, 
 
 Charles Weaver, May 20, '64. 
 
 In all, thirty-tv/o companies of infantry 
 were raised in Camden County between 
 the beginning and close of the war, for serv- 
 ice under the United States government. 
 Comprising within its limits, according to 
 
154 
 
 HISTOKY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEESEY. 
 
 the census of 1860, a population of but 
 34,457, no community perhaps in the coun- 
 try sent a larger proportion of its able- 
 bodied men to fight for the preservation 
 of the Union. They made for them- 
 selves an untarnished reputation as brave, 
 efficient and well-disciplined soldiers in the 
 Army of the Potomac, in the Army of the 
 Shenandoah, in the Carolinas and in the 
 West; many sealed their courage and de- 
 votion with their blood, and the survivors 
 returned to receive the gratitude and plaudits 
 of their fellow-citizens, and be honored so 
 long as patriotism shall endure. 
 
 Gen. Joshua B. Howell was born at 
 Fancy Hill, the site of the family mansion 
 of the Howells, Woodbury, N. J., September 
 11, 1806. He was educated in the academy 
 of that place and in.Philadelphia, where he 
 studied law under the direction of Richard 
 C. Wood, an able lawyer of that day, and after 
 admission to the bar, removed in the fall of 
 1828, to Uniontown, Fayette County, where 
 he commenced the practice of his profession, 
 and where he soon won prominence. From his 
 early boyhood he took an interest in military 
 affairs, and when he attained manhood he 
 joined a military company, was promoted 
 from one position to another until he became 
 a brigadier-general under the old militia 
 system, and was known as a skillful disciplin- 
 arian. When the Civil War began he was 
 nearly fifty-five years of age, yet he promptly 
 offered his services to the national govern- 
 ment, and was chosen colonel of the Eighty- 
 fifth Regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteers 
 in November, 1861. His command, in 1862, 
 joined in the Peninsular Campaign against 
 Richmond. 
 
 At the battle of Williamsburg, Colonel 
 Howell commanded a brigade and received 
 special mention for meritorious services. At 
 Fair Oaks his regiment was distinguished 
 for bravery, and on the retreat of the Union 
 forces from White Oak Swamp to Harrison's 
 Landing it was for a considerable time in 
 
 the rear of McClellan's army, stubbornly 
 contesting the ground with the advancing 
 enemy. At the close of the Peninsular 
 Campaign, Colonel Howell's health was se- 
 riously impaired. He obtained leave of ab- 
 sence for a time, which he spent among his 
 friends in New Jersey, and then joined his 
 command near Fortress Monroe. His regi- 
 ment then occupied Suffolk until January, 
 
 1863, when he was promoted to the command 
 which was attached to the expedition, .under 
 General Hunter, against Charleston, S. C. 
 His brigade was the first to capture Folly 
 Island, a foothold by means of which Gene- 
 ral Gillmore was enabled to capture Morris 
 Island, at Charleston Harbor, shortly before 
 the fall of Fort Wagner. General Howell 
 suffered a concussion of the brain from the 
 explosion of a shell, and was relieved on a. 
 furlough. After recuperation he returned 
 to his brigade at Hilton Head, and com- 
 manded that district, including Fort Pulaski, 
 Tybee Island and St. Helena Island, the 
 approaches to Savannah, until ordered to 
 Fortress Monroe to join the forces of General 
 Butler, in the campaign against Richmond, 
 where his name became a synonym for gal- 
 lantry. In August, 1864, he spent a short 
 furlough in New Jersey, and returned to his 
 brigade, then under Hancock, on the north 
 side of the James River. The very day 
 after his return, the Confederates assailed his 
 position but were driven back. He was then 
 promoted to a major-general and assigned to 
 the command of the Third Division of the 
 Tenth Corps. Having occasion to visit the 
 headquarters of the corps on September 12, 
 
 1864, at shortly after midnight, he mounted 
 his horse, which, upon starting, turned into 
 a divergent path, and being suddenly checked, 
 reared and fell back upon its rider. About 
 fifteen minutes after this accident he fell into 
 a stupor from which he never recovered, and 
 at seven o'clock in the evening of the 14th 
 of September he died. Major-General Alfred 
 H. Terry, in 1882, said of General Howell : 
 
-^■^^ "^'*''^^^'^-=' 
 
THE WAR FOR THE UNION. 
 
 155 
 
 " My recollections of General Howell as a 
 man and an officer are as clear and distinct 
 as they were eighteen years ago. I have 
 never known a more courteous gentleman ; 
 I never saw a more gallant and devoted of- 
 ficer. The record of his service was with- 
 out spot or blemish." In the army corps in 
 which he served he was widely known and 
 universally respected and admired. His un- 
 timely death was lamented by all his com- 
 rades as a loss well-nigh irreparable, not only 
 to themselves, but to the country also. 
 
 Louis E. Francine, colonel of the 
 Seventh Regiment of New Jersey Volun- 
 teers, was born in the city of Philadelphia 
 March 26, 1837, though at the time he en- 
 tered the army he was a citizen of Camden. 
 His father, James Louis Francine, was a na- 
 tive of Bayonne, France. 
 
 The Francine family originally came from 
 Florence, Italy, where they are known to 
 have held offices since the thirteenth century. 
 They settled in France during the reign of 
 Henri IV, and were naturalized in the year 
 sixteen hundred. Frangois de Francine, gen- 
 tleman-in-waiting and steward of the king, 
 was appointed general superintendent of the 
 water-works and fountains of the Royal 
 Houses of France. The construction of the 
 aqueduct of Arcueil, the Chateau d' Eau, the 
 Cbservatoire and other historical monuments 
 is due to him. Many of his descendants were 
 officers of high rank in the army and navy, 
 and bore the title of count. 
 
 James Louis Francine, the father of Colonel 
 Francine, a lineal descendant of the Flor- 
 entine emigrants to France, being the eldest 
 child and only son, at the age of twenty- 
 one began an extensive tour throughout the 
 civilized world, and as one of the results of 
 that traveling, became proficient in the use 
 of, at least, seven languages. In 1826, when 
 forty years old, he settled in the city of 
 Philadelphia, and by the death of his father 
 he inherited the paternal estate, which he 
 increased by judicious investment. 
 
 He removed to Camden, there spent many 
 of his later years, and died at the age 
 of eighty iu that city, 1866, three years after 
 the unfortunate death of his heroic son, 
 the loss of whom he deeply mourned and 
 from which sad bereavement he never re- 
 covered. 
 
 By his marriage with Catherine Lohra, a 
 great granddaughter of John George Knorr, 
 (an European of unblemished character, who 
 came to this country in 1725 to escape relig- 
 ious persecution, and settled in German- 
 town), James Louis Francine had seven 
 children, four of whom died in infancy. The 
 others were Louis R. (the subject of this biog- 
 raphy) Mary V. (Mrs. Gat zmer, deceased) and 
 Albert Philip (uow deceased, who was mar- 
 ried to Anna F. Hollingshead, granddaugh- 
 ter of Dr. Joshua Hollingshead, of Moores- 
 town, and on her mother's side a descendant 
 of the Stockton family of New Jersey). The 
 only lineal representatives of the Francine 
 family in America, are her sons Albert 
 Philip and Horace Hugh Francine. 
 
 Louis R. Francine grew to manhood in 
 Camden. His early youth was spent at home 
 and he attended a select school in Camden 
 taught by Lafayette and Talleyrand Grover, 
 the former of whom became the Governor of 
 Oregon and afterwards a United States Sena- 
 tor from the same State. Young Francine, 
 when but a boy, developed an inherited 
 love for military display, watched with eager 
 interest the local volunteer companies at their 
 regular parades and drills and then himself 
 trained amateur military companies of his 
 little school-fellows. He was next sent to a 
 military school at Flushing, L. I., at which 
 institution he showed aptness as a pupil and 
 gained considerable proficiency in the science 
 of mechanics and mathematics. 
 
 In order that he might become acquainted 
 with the native country of his ancestors, he 
 accompanied his father to France in 1851, 
 and spent one year in travel in that country. 
 Desiring to take an extencled course in engi- 
 
156 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 neering, which to him had great attractions, 
 in 1856 he returned to France, entered the 
 Ecole Polytechnique at Paris and spent two 
 years in that famous institution. While 
 at Paris he made his home with the 
 Countesse de Brisey, his aunt, and he thus 
 became associated with intelligent and cul- 
 tured people of the French capital and 
 entered the fashionable society of that city. 
 He became a brilliant and entertaining con- 
 versationalist and a forcible and versatile 
 writer. During his stay of two years in 
 France he contributed to a Philadelphia jour- 
 nal a series of interesting letters which were 
 much admired. He returned to Camden in 
 1858, and when the war opened which en- 
 dangered the preservation of the Union, 
 Colonel Francine had just entered upon his 
 twenty-fifth year. He speedily raised a com- 
 pany of soldiers from Cape May County, 
 which, in August, 1861, was officered and 
 equipped, with himself as captain, and formed 
 Company A of the Seventh New Jersey 
 Volunteers. The regiment was mustered into 
 the service at Camp Olden, Trenton, and on 
 September 19th was sent to Washington, 
 reported for duty with nine hundred and 
 twenty men, the following day went into 
 camp at Meridian Hill, D. C, and there re- 
 mained until the early part of December, 
 1861. It constituted one of the four regi- 
 ments composing the Second New Jersey 
 Brigade, though after the battle of Gettys- 
 burg it was attached to different brigades. It 
 took part in the following-named battles : 
 Yorktown, Williamsburg, Fair Oaks, Seven 
 Pines, Savage Station, Glendale, Malvern 
 Hill, Bristoe Station, Bull Run, Chantilly, 
 Centreville, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, 
 Gettysburg, Wapping Heights, McLean's 
 Ford, Mine Run, Wilderness, Spottsylvania, 
 Spottsylvania Court-House, North Anna 
 River, Tolopotomy Creek, Cold Harbor, Be- 
 fore Petersburg, Deep Bottom, Mine Explo- 
 sion, James River, Fort Sedgwick, Poplar 
 Spring Church, Boydton Plank-Road, Fort 
 
 Morton, Hatcher's Run, Armstrong House, 
 Capture of Petersburg, Amelia Spring, 
 Farmville, and was present at Appomattox 
 when General Lee surrendered. 
 
 The regiment was composed of a class of 
 men noted for their undaunted bravery. The 
 guiding spirit of this command from the time 
 it entered the service through all the memor- 
 able engagements mentioned above to the 
 great and decisive battle of Gettysburg was 
 the brilliant and heroic Colonel Louis R. 
 Francine, who, from the position of captain, 
 was promoted to lieutenant-colonel July 8, 
 1862, and to the entire command of the regi- 
 ment December 9, 1862. 
 
 Early in the war he won the admiration of 
 his commanders and the confidence of his 
 men in the manly courage which he displayed 
 at the battle of Fair Oaks, in the Peninsular 
 campaign. In the battle of Chancellorsville, as 
 colonel of the regiment, for his soldierly con- 
 duct and eminent ability to command, he re- 
 ceived the highest encomiums of his superior 
 officers, and still further increased the confi- 
 dence of the rank and file in him as a cour- 
 ageous leader. The following is his graphi- 
 cally written report of the part his regiment 
 took in this engagement : 
 
 " I have the honor to submit the following as the 
 proceedings of my regiment in the late movement 
 against the enemy : At ten o'clock p.m., Tuesday, 
 April 28, having just returned from picketJine, the 
 regiment joined the brigade and marched to the 
 left and bivouacked near ' White Oak Church ' 
 early the next morning. At daybreak we were 
 massed to support troops in front of us. We re- 
 mained in that position until one o'clock on the 
 afternoon of the 30th, when we retraced our steps 
 and crossed the river at the United States Ford 
 early on the morning of the 1st of May. We 
 remained at or near the ford, doing picket-duty, 
 until the following morning about eight o'clock, 
 when I received an order to report my regiment to 
 General Humphreys, commanding Third Division, 
 Fifth Army Corps. I did so without delay, and 
 he assigned me a position on his extreme left, 
 to cover the approaches by the Mott or Eiver road 
 to the United States Ford. Early in the afternoon 
 of the same day General Humphreys ordered me 
 
u 
 
THE WAR FOR THE UNION. 
 
 157 
 
 to take a small body of picked men from my reg- 
 iment and reconnoitre the position of the enemy 
 in my immediate front, to note the topography of 
 the country, and the apparent strength of the 
 enemy, and the manner of their approach to our 
 lines. This I did, penetrating the country for two 
 miles in one direction and a mile and a half in 
 another. My report was highly satisfactory to the 
 General. I am indebted deeply to Captain James 
 McKiernan and Daniel E. Burrell, of my regiment, 
 for valuable services rendered upon that occasion. 
 At midnight I moved my regiment to the right of 
 our line, by order from General Meade through 
 General Humphreys, and joined the brigade, arriv- 
 ing there at about two o'clock p.m. The follow- 
 ing morning (Sunday), at about five o'clock, my 
 regiment was again detached from the brigade, 
 and under orders from Major Tremain, of Gea- 
 eral Sickles' staff, filled up a gap occurring be- 
 tween General Birney's right and our immediate 
 firont. 
 
 " After a short time my regiment advanced into 
 the woods in front of the breast-works, and by 
 maintaining a flanking position under a very heavy 
 fire for over three hours, captured five stands of 
 colors and over three hundred prisoners, among 
 the latter one colonel, one major and several line 
 ofiicers. The colors were taken from the Twenty- 
 first Virginia, Eighteenth North Carolina, First 
 Louisiana, Second North Carolina, and the fifth 
 from some Alabama regiment. The Second North 
 Carolina Regiment we captured almost in toto. At 
 about nine o'clock, the ammunition giving out 
 and the muskets becoming foul, I ordered the reg- 
 iment to fall back from the woods. After this, a 
 regiment having fallen back from our breast- 
 works and the enemy coming close upon them 
 (Second North Carolina State troops), my regiment 
 charged and captured their colors and themselves 
 almost wholly. Again we fell back slightly, and 
 confusion, occasioned by our lines in front getting 
 in disorder, threw my regiment further back to the 
 rear. At this time, through exhaustion, my voice 
 left me entirely, I being scarcely able to speak in 
 a whisper. Upon the advice of my surgeon, I 
 retired from the field; the command then devolved 
 upon my lieutenant-colonel, whose report I here 
 enclose. It would be impossible for me to single 
 out individual cases of courage, where all my offi- 
 cers and men behaved with such gallantry and 
 discretion. The trophies they took from the enemy 
 speak more eloquently for their actions than any 
 words I might use. 
 
 " For able and gallant assistance I owe much to 
 my field officers. Their coolness and bravery in 
 
 manoeuvering the men saved much loss of life, con- 
 fusion and pain. I regret to announce, by the loss 
 of Lieutenant George Burdan, the loss of a brave 
 and efficient officer. My loss in killed, wounded 
 and missing was one hundred and fifty-three, aw 
 official list ofwhich I inclose: Killed, 6 ; wounded, 
 44; missing, 3. "Loms R. Francine, 
 
 . " Colonel Seventh New Jersey Volunteers. 
 In the battle of Gettysburg Colonel Fran- 
 cine exemplified his characteristic courage 
 and bravery, but there received a mortal 
 wound, from the effect of which he died in 
 St. Joseph's Hospital, at Philadelphia, on the 
 19th of the same month, being conveyed there 
 at his own request in order, as he thought, to 
 receive the best surgical treatment. For his 
 gallant and meritorious services on the eventful 
 day he received his fatal wound, he was pro- 
 moted brigadier-general. Owing to his death 
 he, never received the commission, but it was 
 issued and sent to the family, as indicated in 
 the following document : 
 
 " Executive Depaetment, Washington, D. C. 
 
 "April 29, 1867. 
 " To Marcus L. Ward, Governor of New Jersey. 
 
 Dear Sir: I have the honor herewith of trans- 
 mitting to you the Brevet Commission of Brigadier- 
 General for the family of Colonel Louis R. Fran- 
 cine, 7th New Jersey Volunteers, mortally wounded 
 at the battle of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, July 2, 
 1863. This brevet has been conferred for the gal- 
 lant and meritorious conduct of Colonel Francine, 
 mentioned in my official report of the battle, and 
 brought especially to the notice of the Secretary 
 of War during the late session of Congress. I 
 trust that this indication of the appreciation of 
 Col. Francine's gallant services may prove accept- 
 able to his family and friends. I have to ask that 
 you will transmit this commission to his family. 
 "A. A. Humphreys 
 " Brig- Gen. & Chief of Engineers, 
 
 Major- General of Volunteers." 
 
 General William J. Sewell, who for a time 
 commanded the Second Brigade, gives the 
 following estimate of Colonel Francine, and 
 his opinion of him as a .soldier : 
 
 " Col. Francine was intuitively a soldier. He 
 Was one of the conspicuous officers among the vol- 
 unteers and had a natural love for the profession. 
 
158 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 He was specially adapted to it, by reason of the 
 severity of his own habits, being a strict discipli- 
 narian of himself and consequently of those under 
 him. He had an absorbing idea of the importance 
 of the trust confided to him, and the necessity of 
 utilizing every moment to perfect himself in all 
 that pertains to the details of his profession, using 
 every spare moment in the study of the higher 
 branches of science and strategy. In a short time 
 he became one of the leading officers in the New 
 Jersey troops and his regiment a model of drill 
 and discipline. His gallantry at Chancellorsville 
 was repeated at Gettysburg, where, in the Peach 
 Orchard, he held his regiment, in connection with 
 the rest of the Second Brigade, under the most ter- 
 rific storm from the combined batteries of Long- 
 street, and when the Confederate forces in over- 
 whelming numbers reached the Third Corps, the 
 New Jersey brigade fell slowly back with their 
 faces to the enemy, disputing every inch of the 
 ground. It was here that the gallant Col. Fran- 
 cine received a mortal wound, giving up his life to 
 the country that he loved so well and tried so hard 
 to save." 
 
 Major Edward W. Coffin was born at 
 Hammouton, Atlantic County, N. J., on the 
 5th of June, 1824, and spent his early years 
 in the vicinity of his home. On the comple- 
 tion of his studies he engaged in glass n)an- 
 ufacturing and was thus occupied until his 
 removal to Camden, in 1851. At this point 
 and later in Lancaster County, Pa., he was 
 engaged in nickel manufacturing. In 1861 
 he entered the United States service, having 
 been appointed to the Subsistence Depart- 
 ment as captain and commissary of subsist- 
 ence. In March, 1862, he accompanied the 
 Army of the Potomac to the James River, 
 continuing with the advance up the Penin- 
 sula to Yorktowu, where he remained until 
 July, 1864. Major Coffin was then ordered 
 to Fortress Monroe in charge of the depot of 
 supplies for the Armies of the Potomac and 
 James and the Departments of Virginia and 
 North Carolina. In December, 1864, he was 
 ordered as chief of subsistence to the Fort 
 Fisher expedition and later to the Army of 
 the James, where he remained until Febru- 
 ary, 1865. Major Coffin was then ordered 
 to Yorktown and placed in command of the 
 
 county of York. He was mustered out of 
 service in December, 1865. He was breveted 
 major for meritorious services in the subsist- 
 ence department. May 13, 1865. After some 
 time spent in Arizona, Major Coffin entered the 
 service of the Camden and Atlantic Railroad, 
 and in 1883, when its control was secured 
 by the Pennsylvania Railroad, was appointed 
 division freight agent, which position he now 
 fills. 
 
 Capt. Abraham M. Browning was born 
 in Philadelphia, Pa., September 3, 1843, and 
 was the son of Maurice and Anna A. Brown- 
 ing. His early education was acquired under 
 the excellent training of his uncle. Professor 
 William Fewsmith. He afterward entered 
 Yale College, where he was a diligent stu- 
 dent. During his collegiate course the Civil 
 War opened, and young Browning, with a 
 patriotism which had characterized his an- 
 cestors, entered the army, though but just of 
 age, as captain of Company H, Thirty- 
 eighth New Jersey Volunteer Infantry. He 
 was faithful in the performance of his duties, 
 was naturally a soldier, was entrusted with 
 the erection of fortifications, and had charge 
 of large bodies of men, whom he handled 
 with ease and skill. 
 
 He contracted laryngitis and died at his 
 residence. Cherry Hill Farm, on the morning 
 of January 12, 1880. He left a widow, 
 Josephine Cooper Browning, daughter of the 
 late Ralph V. M. Cooper and Louisa F., 
 daughter of the late Dr. Joseph and Lydia 
 H. Fyfield, of Camden. Captain Browning 
 left four children, — Louise Cooper, Maurice 
 Harold and Abraham Maurice. 
 
 Captain Browning was a member of the 
 Protestant Episcopal Church, and vestryman 
 in Grace Protestant Episcopal Church, Had- 
 donfield. He was a Republican in politics, 
 and died leaving an unsullied reputation as 
 a fearless and brave man, conscientious in 
 every particular, strict in integrity, and few 
 have left as pure and blameless a record as 
 he. He was a member of the firm of Brown- 
 
C^^^<^^^^/0^rz)z^;7^i^e>^^ 
 
THE WAR FOR THE UNION. 
 
 159 
 
 ing Brothers, 42 and 44 North Front Street, 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 William C. Hansell was born in Nor- 
 ristown, Pa., March 19, 1845, and is a son 
 of William S. and Margaret Gummings 
 Hansell. He obtained his education in the 
 schools of his native town and when but a 
 youth, at the outbreak of the Civil War, im- 
 bued with boyish patriotism, he enlisted 
 September 16, 1861, in Company F of the 
 Fifty-first Regiment of Pennsylvania Volun- 
 teers, raised in Montgomery County, and com- 
 manded by that distinguished soldier Major- 
 General .John F. Hartranft, afterwards Gov- 
 ernor of Pennsylvania. In this organization 
 our subject was a drummer-boy. The Fifty- 
 first Regiment was assigned to the Ninth 
 Corps, commanded by General Burnside, and 
 accompanied the expedi|;ion to North Caro- 
 lina and there participated in the battles of 
 Roanoke Island, Newbern and Camden. 
 This regiment was the first to place the colors 
 on the Confederate breast- works defending the 
 approaches of Newbern, and it was then given 
 the right of the line in the advance upon that 
 city, which immediately surrendered, being 
 at the same time attacked by the fleet in the 
 harbor. 
 
 Young Hansell shared the fortunes of the 
 regiment throughout the war, being mus- 
 tered out on the 2d of August, 1865. He 
 marched with the gallant and sadly shattered 
 Fifty-first 1738 miles, traveled by sea and 
 water courses 6390 miles and by railway 
 3311, making the huge total of 10,439 miles 
 of travel, most of which was under the most 
 unfavorable conditions, accompanied by fa- 
 tigue, hardships, harassments and dangers, 
 such as the soldier only knows. He was 
 present with the regiment in twenty-one bat- 
 tles, as follows : 
 
 Roanoke Island, February 7, '62 ; New- 
 bern, March 14, '62 j Camden, N. C, April 
 19, '62; Bull Run, August 29, '62; Chan- 
 tilly, Va., September 1, '62 ; South Moun- 
 tain, September 14, '62 ; Antietain, Septem- 
 
 ber 17, '62; Fredericksburg, December 12, 
 '62; Vicksburg, July 4, '63; Jackson, July 
 13, '63; Campbell Station, November 16, 
 '63 ; Knoxwell, December 28, '63 ; Wilder- 
 ness, May 6, '64; Spottsylvania, May 12, 
 '64; North Anna, May 25, '64 ; Cold Harbor, 
 June 3, '64 ; Petersburg, June 17 and 18, 
 '64; Petersburg, July .30, '64; Yellow Tav- 
 ern, August 19, '64; Ream's Station, August 
 21, '64; Petersburg, April 1, '65. 
 
 At the close of the war Mr. Hansell re- 
 mained in Washington and engaged in busi- 
 ness in that city for one and a half years and 
 then came to Camden, where he has since re- 
 sided. He was under the employ of John 
 S. Read, in his paper store on Federal Street, 
 for a few years, and in 1868 was appointed 
 messenger to the First National Bank of 
 Camden and held that position with the full 
 confidence, of the directors of the institution 
 until 1876, when he retired in order to en- 
 gage in business for himself During the 
 year named he opened a paper store at 203 
 Market Street, Camden, where, by his own- 
 business ability and energy, he has built up 
 and continued to enjoy a prosperous trade, 
 having filled large contracts for papering 
 houses in Camden and elsewhere. 
 
 In 1867 Mr. Hansell was married to 
 Miss Lizzie Hemsing, daughter of Wm. 
 Hemsing, of Camden. They have one child, 
 Carrie. 
 
 At the annual reunion of the survivors 
 present of the Fifty-first Regiment held in 
 Petersburg, Va., in 1885, Mr. Hansell was 
 chosen vice-president. This meeting was 
 held in the crater which was formed at the 
 time of the famous "mine explosion," July 
 30, 1864. The reunion at that place was 
 . brought about at the suggestion of Mr. Han- 
 sell. He is a member of the Union Veteran 
 Legion, of which only soldiers who have 
 served two years can become members. 
 
 The Deaft. — The exigencies of the Civil 
 War compelled the passage of the Conscrip- 
 tion Act by the Congress of the United 
 
160 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 States, approved by the President March 
 3, 1863. To execute this act the loyal 
 States were divided into sections correspond- 
 ing to their Congressional districts, and a 
 board of enrolment was established in each. 
 These boards were composed of a provost- 
 marshal, surgeon and commissioner, of which 
 the provost-marshals were presidents, and 
 before which daily all questions relating to 
 the conscription were brought for discussion 
 and were decided by a majority vote of the 
 board. 
 
 The first Congressional district of Xew 
 Jersey at that date was composed of six coun- 
 ties, viz., Camden, Atlantic, Gloucester, 
 Salem, Cumberland and Cape May. The 
 appointment of the officials of the board of 
 enrolment for this district was by law vested 
 in the President of the United States, but 
 virtually was exercised by the member of 
 Congress at that time, the Hon. John F. 
 Starr, of Camden, who, during this trying 
 period, played a disinterested patriotism 
 worthy of all praise. The personnel of the 
 board during the little over two years of its 
 existence was as follows, viz. : Colonel Rob- 
 ert C. Johnson, of Salem, pi'ovost-marshal 
 from May 2, 1863, to March 24, 1864. He 
 was succeeded by Captain Alexander Wentz, 
 of Woodbury, who was appointed April 
 25, 1864, and was honorably discharged 
 November 16, 1865. Dr. John S. Steven- 
 son was commissioned surgeon May 2, 1863, 
 served until the close of the war and was 
 honorably discharged June 15, 1865. Col- 
 onel James M. Scovel was commissioner from 
 May 2, 1863, until November 27th, of the 
 same year, when he resigned, and Philip J. 
 Gray was appointed to the vacancy December 
 8, 1863, and was honorably discharged April 
 30, 1865. In additioia to these, the provost- 
 marshal had authority to appoint two depu- 
 ties and one special officer. The first two 
 were Captain Henry M. Jewett, of Winslow, 
 and Captain Aaron Ward, of Camden ; Bea- 
 jamin F. Sweeten, of the latter place, was 
 
 special officer. All these served until the 
 close of the war. The law provided that, 
 when necessary, assistant surgeons might be 
 selected to aid the surgeon. Under this pro- 
 vision Dr. H. Genet Taylor was appointed 
 assistant surgeon in June, 1864, and contin- 
 ued until the close of the conscription, in 
 April, 1865. For a short period in the au- 
 tumn of 1864, Dr. Jonathan Learning, of 
 Cape May, also aided in the medical exami- 
 nations. 
 
 The headquarters of the board of enrol- 
 ment were directed to be located in Camden. 
 They were established in the second and 
 third floors of Hall, at the northwest cor- 
 ner of Fourth and Market Streets. This 
 building being too small to accommodate the 
 public, the office was removed, in the spring 
 of 1864, to Morgan's Hall, on the southeast 
 corner of the same streets. The rendezvous 
 where the recruits and the guard were quar- 
 tered was the hall at the northeast corner of 
 Fourth and Federal Streets. During the ex- 
 amination of the drafted men of Cumberland 
 and Cape May Counties, in June and in 
 August, 1864, the board held its sessions in 
 Millville, Cumberland C^ounty, in an unoccu- 
 pied store and warehouse. 
 
 The first draft in the district was made in May, 
 1864, under the call of the President for three 
 hundred thousand men, issued October 17, 
 1863. In Camden it was executed with the 
 greatest publicity and visible fairness, in a 
 small frame house (since demolished) upon 
 the north side of Market Street, below Third, 
 in front of which an open stand was erected. 
 A list of all the enrolled men in the district 
 was copied and, together with the slips of pa- 
 per upon which each name was separately 
 written, were handed to a committee of citi- 
 zens who had been appointed at the boards' 
 request to conduct the drawing. These slips 
 were placed by a citizen in the wheel which 
 another turned, while a third drew out the 
 papers and read the names to the assembled 
 people. No show of fin-ce was made, the 
 
THE WAB FOE THE UNION. 
 
 161 
 
 armed guard having been left behind at the 
 office. Not a murmur of disapproval or dis- 
 satisfaction was heard from the multitude. 
 
 But very few of the drafted men were in- 
 voluntarily forced into the army. The wealth- 
 ier ones put in substitutes. The remainder 
 either volunteered or their places were filled 
 by other volunteers, all of whom were induced 
 to enlist by the payment of a bounty by the 
 township. 
 
 All males between twenty and forty-five 
 years of age were liable to do military duty ; 
 therefore, all within those ages in the First 
 District were enrolled. Foreigners who had 
 not taken out naturalization papers, nor de- 
 clared their intention to become citizens, were 
 exempt. With this exception, there was no 
 escape except by reason of physical disability. 
 The total number of men examined by the 
 surgeons during the existence of the provost- 
 marshal's office in Camden was 7883. Of 
 these, 2215 were drafted men, of whom 1243 
 were accepted. Of the enrolled men' not yet 
 drafted, 1605 applied either to have their 
 names stricken from the rolls because they 
 thought themselves unfit for service or else 
 desired to enlist. Of these, 827 were found 
 to be fit for duty. The number of substi- 
 tutes ofiered was 2305, and 1242 were ac- 
 cepted. In addition to those, 48 discharged 
 wounded soldiers were re-enlisted in the Vet- 
 eran Reserve Corps, making a total of 4371 
 men placed in the army and navy from the 
 First Congressional District of New Jersey. 
 
 Summary of Battles. — In the four 
 years of service, the armies of the Union — 
 counting every form of conflict, great and 
 small — had been in twenty -two hundred and 
 sixty-five engagements with the Confederate 
 troops. From the time when active hostili- 
 ties began until the last gun of the war was 
 fired, a fight of some kind — a raid, a skir- 
 mish or a pitched battle — occurred at some 
 point on our widely-extended front nearly 
 eleven times a week, upon an average. Count- 
 ing only those engagements in which the 
 21 
 
 Union loss, in killed, wounded and missing 
 exceeded one hundred, the total number was 
 three hundred and thirty. From the north- 
 ernmost point of contact to the southernmost 
 the distance by any practicable line of com- 
 munication was more than two thousand 
 miles. From east to west the extremes 
 were fifteen hundred miles apart. During 
 the first year of hostilities — one of prepara- 
 tion on both sides — the battles were naturally 
 fewer in number and less decisive in charac- 
 ter than afterwards, when discipline had been 
 imparted to the troops by drill, and when 
 the materiel of war had been collected and 
 stored for prolonged campaigns. The en- 
 gagements of all kinds in 1861 were thirty- 
 five in number, of which the most serious 
 was the Union defeat at Bull Run. In 1862 
 the war had greatly increased in magnitude 
 and intensity, as is shown by the eighty-four 
 engagements between the armies. The net 
 result of the year's operations was highly 
 favorable to the Rebellion. In 1863 the 
 battles were one hundred and ten in number 
 — among them some of the most significant 
 and important victories for the Union. In 
 1864 there were seventy-three engagements, 
 and in the winter and early spring of 1865 
 there were twenty-eight.' 
 
 It is estimated that during the war fifty- 
 six thousand Union soldiers were killed in 
 battle and about thirty-five thousand died in 
 hospitals of wounds and one hundred and 
 eighty-four thousand by disease. The total 
 casualties, if we include those who died sub- 
 sequent to their discharge, were about three 
 hundred thousand. The loss of Confederates 
 in battle was less, owing to the fact that they 
 were fighting on the defensive, but they lost 
 more from wounds and disease on account of 
 inferior sanitary arrangements. The total 
 loss of life caused by the war for the preser- 
 vation of the Union exceeded half a milHon, 
 and nearly as many were disabled. 
 
 1 2 Blaine's " Twenty Years of Congress,' 
 
 20. 
 
162 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Northern Men in Service. — The calls, 
 periods of service and number of men ob- 
 tained during the Civil War from the North- 
 ern States were as follows : 
 
 NuiDber Period of Number. 
 
 Date of Call. called. SerTice. obtained. 
 
 April 15, 1861 75,000 3 months 93,326 
 
 May andJuly, 1861..582,748 3 years 714,231 
 
 May andJune, 1862 3 months 15,007 
 
 July 2, 1862 300,000 3 years 431,958 
 
 August 4, 1862 300,000 9 months 87,588 
 
 June 15, 1863 100,000 6 months 16,361 
 
 October 17, 1863 300,000 8 years 1 374 gny 
 
 February 1, 1864 200,000 3 years J 
 
 March 14, 1864 200,000 3 years 284,021 
 
 April23, 1864 85,000 100 days 83,652 
 
 July 18, 1864 500,000 1, 2and3yrs. 384,882 
 
 December 19, 1864..300,000 1, 2 and 3 yrs. 204,568 
 
 2,942,748 2,690,401 
 
 The following statement, as appears by the 
 report at the office of Adjutant-General Wil- 
 liam S. Stryker, at Trenton, for 1865, ex- 
 hibits the number of men called for, the 
 number of men furnished by New Jersey 
 and their term of enlistment from April 17, 
 1861, to April 20, 1865. 
 
 Number of meu furnished for four years 155 
 
 three years... 42,572 
 
 " " " two years 2,243 
 
 " one year 16,812 
 
 nine months. 10,787 
 
 " " three months 3,105 
 
 100 days 700 
 
 " " " not classified 2,973 
 
 Credited to State 79,348 
 
 Furnished but not credited 8,957 
 
 Total 88,305 
 
 More men oifered their services than the 
 State had authority to accept, and so those 
 who, although they had preferred to enlist in 
 New Jersey organizations, went into regi- 
 ments of other States. Six full companies of 
 New Jersey troops entered into the Excelsior 
 Brigade of New York, commanded by Gen- 
 eral Sickles ; others enlisted in the Forty- 
 eighth New York Infantry, the One Hun- 
 dred and Twelfth Pennsylvania Heavy Ar- 
 tillery, Anderson's Cavalry Troop, the 
 
 Third Pennsylvania Cavalry, the Eleventh 
 Pennsylvania Cavalry, First New York 
 Cavalry, Company A, Twentieth New York 
 Volunteers, Bramhall's Battery, Ninth New 
 York State Militia. Two full companies 
 also entered in Serrill's Engineers, and the 
 State lost the credit on her quota. 
 
 Eeception op Eeturned Soldiers in 
 1864. — A convention of loyal men of New 
 Jersey assembled at Newark, the 30th of 
 May, 1864, and determined to give the re- 
 turning soldiers of New Jersey a suitable 
 reception in their respective counties, on the 
 4th of July, same year. James M. Scovel 
 represented the county of Camden. Accord- 
 ingly, the soldiers of this county arranged for 
 a celebration at Haddonfield, to take place 
 in the grove of John Hopkins, on the above 
 date. . It was estimated that there were five 
 thousand people present, all of whom were 
 amply fed from the bountiful tables prepared 
 under the management of the committee of 
 arrangements. 
 
 The Union League of Camden acted as 
 an escort to the soldiers from Camden City. 
 One feature of the procession was a color 
 guard composed almost entirely of one-armed 
 men. General George M. Robeson made 
 the speech of welcome, which was greatly 
 applauded ; P. C. Brinck read the Declara- 
 tion of Independence; Major Calhoun, on 
 the part of the soldiers, returned thanks for 
 the honor done them ; Hon. James S. Scovel, 
 C. T. Reed, Rev. Mr. Dobbins made patriotic 
 remarks on the occasion ; the ladies were ac- 
 tive in their attention to the returned soldiers 
 of the county. 
 
 Women's Work in the War. — The 
 same spirit which prompted the soldiers to 
 go to the front, kindled the noble and gener- 
 ous efforts of devoted and patriotic women 
 at home to aid and contribute to the comfort 
 of the former. They formed, in Camden, 
 the Ladies' Aid Society, the Ladies' Relief 
 Association, and not only contributed largely 
 toward these organizations in money, but also 
 
THE WAR FOR THE UNION. 
 
 163 
 
 gave their time and attention and partici- 
 pated in the grand results arising from tlie 
 great Sanitary Fair. 
 
 The great Central Fair of the Sanitary 
 Commission of the States of New Jersey, 
 Pennsylvania and Delaware was opened, in 
 Philadelphia, on the 7th of June, 1864, with 
 appropriate ceremonies. Addresses were 
 made by the Governors of the three States 
 named. The fair was the great object of at- 
 traction from its opening to its close, on J une 
 28th. It realized for the commission over 
 one million and eighty thousand dollars. 
 
 It has been asserted by the chronicles of 
 the day that New Jersey exhibited the most 
 interesting relics in the fair. 
 
 The Camden Auxiliary 
 TO THE Sanitary Fair. — On 
 Monday evening, April 10th, 
 1864, a large meeting of the 
 prominent citizens of Camden 
 was held at the dwelling of R. 
 B. Potts, on Cooper Street, in 
 Camden, at which Judge Thos. 
 P. Carpenter acted as chairman 
 and Mr. Farr as secretary. 
 
 Resolutions were passed to 
 organize an efficient auxiliary 
 to assist in the Great Fair to be 
 held in Philadelphia, and to 
 invoke the assistance of the 
 ladies of Camden City and 
 County in the enterprise, on the next Thurs- 
 day evening, with the assistance of tiie ladies, 
 a plan of operations was introduced and 
 matured which gave assured promise that 
 the patriotic citizens of Camden County 
 would make the enterprise a successful one. 
 
 The name of " The West Jersey Auxil- 
 iary" was adopted. An executive committee 
 had been appointed, and by the 18th of 
 April, only eight days after the inception of 
 the enterprise, rooms had been secured at 
 No. 104 Market Street, Camden, and every 
 workshop, factory and mill in Camden sent 
 to these rooms the best specimens of their 
 
 workmanship. Every farmer, workingman 
 and mechanic poured into the general fund 
 large contributions of manufactured articles, 
 or the products of the soil that could be 
 turned into money, and again from money 
 into the means of encouraging the health and 
 life of the soldiers. The patriotic ladies of 
 Camden were not idle, and through their as- 
 sistance and effijrts large sums came into the 
 treasury of the comnaission from every 
 quarter of the county. The mothers and 
 daughters, wives and sisters of New Jersey's 
 sons were energetic in their efforts to secure 
 aid and assistance. These ladies opened 
 their houses for entertainments of various 
 kinds. At these parlor entertainments were 
 
 GREAT CENTRAL FAIR BUILDING, 
 
 1804. 
 
 given charades, tableaux, etc. ; volunteer per- 
 formers and amateurs took part. The City 
 Halls were tendered free to the committee on 
 entertainments, immense concerts were given, 
 and a generous public displayed great liberality 
 in purchasing tickets. The Ladies' Aid 
 Society and other relief associations which 
 had been in successful operation for three 
 years joined their efforts with the Auxiliary 
 and collected large supplies of clothing, 
 blankets, stockings and other materials use- 
 ful to the men in military duty away from 
 home, and during the entire period of the 
 war these ladies were actively engaged in 
 
164 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 collecting and forwarding from their depot 
 in Camden tons of materials for the benefit 
 of the soldiers. 
 
 Captain Samuel Hufty was appointed to 
 take charge of the donations at General Depot 
 No. 4, Market Street. 
 
 The Executive Committee consisted of P. 
 J. Grey (chairman), Hon. Thomas P. Carpen- 
 ter, James H. Stevens, Henry B. Wilson, E. 
 V. Glover aud John D. Tustin. 
 
 The following gentlemen of the county 
 were honorary members of this Auxiliary : 
 Alex. G. Cattell, of Merchantville ; W. S. 
 McCallister, Gloucester City ; W. C. Milli- 
 gan, Haddonfield ; Charles H. Shinn, Had- 
 donfield. 
 
 Charles Watson, Esq., as treasurer of the 
 committee on entertainments, and Charles S. 
 Dunham, as chairman of same committee, 
 were most active in their efforts to aid the 
 cause. 
 
 The Ladies' Correspondence Committee 
 consisted of Mrs. Clapp, Miss Maria Moss, 
 Mrs. Fogoo, Mrs. Campion, Mrs. Shinn, 
 Mrs. J. Vogdes, Mrs. Porter, Miss Lewis, 
 Mrs. Duhring, Miss Woodward. 
 
 The following is a complete list of the 
 officers of the West Jersey Auxiliary to the 
 great Sanitary Fair : President, Hon. Thomas 
 P. Carpenter; Vice-Presidents, Hon. John 
 F. Starr, Hon. Philander C. Brinck, Matthew 
 Newkirk, E. V. Glover ; Secretary, William 
 A. Farr; Treasurer, James H. Stevens; Cor- 
 responding Secretary, P. J. Grey. 
 
 The chairmen of different committees were 
 Maurice Browning, on contribution of day's 
 work ; Robert B. Potts, products of West 
 Jersey fabrication; William Fewsmith, 
 works of art, history and relics ; William J. 
 Potts, collections from field, forest and ocean ; 
 John Aikman, useful and fancy articles, 
 home made ; J. E,. Stevenson, M.D., original 
 ballads of poetry on the war ; Edward H. 
 Saunders, on miscellaneous articles; Joseph 
 Fearon, on flowers and fruits ; J. D. Rein- 
 both, on fruits and confectionery ; Benjamin 
 
 H. Browning, on the refectory ; William A. 
 Farr, on finance and donations ; Charles S. 
 Dunham, on concerts, charades and tableaux ; 
 Captain Samuel Hufty, on receipt of articles 
 donated. Hon. James M. Scovel was ap- 
 pointed to act in conjunction with the United 
 States Sanitary Commission. 
 
 From the newspapers of the period are 
 gleaned the names of the following ladies — 
 by no means all — who were prominent in 
 aiding the cause, viz. : The Misses Hufty, 
 Mrs. R. Edwards, Mrs. Thomas P. Carpen- 
 ter, Mrs. E. V. Glover, Mrs. J. D. Reinboth, 
 Mrs. Butcher, Mrs. John F. Starr, Mrs. C. 
 Mickle, Mrs. Thomas H. Dudley, Mrs. 
 Benjamin Browning, Miss Betsey Mason, 
 Mrs. Hewlings Coles, Miss Josephine Brown- 
 ing, the Misses Hatch, Mrs. Ann Andrews, 
 Miss Sallie Gibson, Miss Maggie Stoy, Miss 
 Sallie W. Atkinson, Mrs. Joseph Hatch, 
 the Misses Carrie, Rebecca, Louise and 
 Mary Hatch, Miss Sarah Eldridge, Miss 
 Cornelia Eldridge, the Misses Fearon. 
 
 Miss Rebecca Hatch presented the New 
 Jersey Department'with a handsome silk flag, 
 which was much prized. 
 
 The means of raising funds were various. 
 Thei*e were a boys' magic lantern exhibition, 
 a children's fair, many parlor concerts, scrap- 
 book sales, and the little girls of Haddon- 
 field contributed $82.50. 
 
 Mes. Hettie K. Painteb, who, at the 
 outbreak of the war, was a resident of Cam- 
 den, was one of those noble and patriotic 
 women who left her home, went to the front 
 and became known in the Army of the Po- 
 tomac as one of the most faithful and devoted 
 nurses. Many a sick and wounded soldier 
 of Kearny's brigade was the recipient of 
 her tender care and earnest solicitude. After 
 the Union defeat at the second battle of Bull 
 Run, and the repulse at Fredericksburg, 
 where twenty men of the Union soldiers re- 
 ceived dangerous, or perhaps mortal, wounds, 
 Mrs. Painter's devotion to the unfortunate 
 men made her name well-known through the 
 
THE WAE FOR THE UNION. 
 
 165 
 
 entire Army of the Potomac. Slie continued 
 to do noble work in the hospitals, with the 
 same faithfulness and interest, until the close 
 of the war, when she returned to Camden, 
 and soon afterward removed to the West, 
 where she engaged in the practice of medi- 
 cine. 
 
 Miss Virginia Willets (now Mrs. 
 James M. Stradling), of Camden, was a vol- 
 unteer nurse in the Army of the Potomac, 
 and was connected with the Second Division 
 of the Second Army Corps. She followed the 
 army all through the battle of the Wilder- 
 ness and down to City Point. At Freder- 
 icksburg she had charge of the hospital in the 
 Catholic Church of that city. At Port Roy- 
 al she attended many of the wounded of the 
 battles of Chancellorsville and White House 
 Landing. She remained with the army until 
 1864, and was associated with the well-known 
 army-nurse, Mrs. Mary Morris, of Phila- 
 delphia, whose husband was the grandson of 
 Eobert Morris, of Revolutionary fame. 
 
 The Soldiers' Monument in Camden. 
 — The beautiful and imposing monument 
 erected to the memory of the fallen heroes of 
 Camden County in the War for the Union is 
 situated in the northeast part of the city, near 
 the City Hall, on a plot of ground donated 
 by the city of Camden. It is a fine specimen 
 of workmanship and an honor to the city and 
 county. The movement which resulted in 
 its erection was originated by Post 5, G. A. 
 R.,of Camden, formerly Sedgewick Post, No. 
 6, who contributed the first three hundred 
 dollars. The next contribution was one thou- 
 sand dollars, by the Board of Freeholders, 
 which body eventually appropriated the bal- 
 ance of the entire amount of five thousand 
 five hundred dollars required. The monu- 
 ment was constructed of granite, by Krips & 
 Shearman. It is thirty-nine feet six inches 
 high, and weighs forty-seven tons. The 
 railing around the monument was furnished 
 by the county. The dedication took place 
 June 9, 1873, on which occasion the city of 
 
 Camden was decorated with flags, banners 
 and streamers. The military display and 
 parade were an interesting part of the cere- 
 mony. There were present the Third Regi- 
 ment, from Elizabeth ; the Fourth Battalion, 
 from Bridgeton and Millville ; the Sixth 
 Regiment and Battery B, of Camden. The 
 prominent persons present were Governor 
 Parker and his staff, composed of Adjutant- 
 
 
 
 THE soldiers' MONUMENT, 
 
 General Stryker, Quartermaster Lewis Per- 
 rine, Surgeon Barry and Colonels Murphy 
 and Dickerson ; General Gez'shom Mott, with 
 his staff, Adjutant-General Lodor, Quarter- 
 master Ridgway, Surgeon Welling and 
 Major Owens ; General D. Hart and staff, 
 composed of Colonels Weston and Murphy ; 
 
166 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Major Eobbins and Captain Edgar ; Hons. 
 John Y. Foster, A. L. Runyan, Samuel 
 Hopkins. 
 
 " The ceremonies were opened by General 
 Carse in a brief address. He then introduced 
 Rev. P, L. Davies, of New York, who offered 
 a prayer, and after this the monument was 
 unveiled with beautiful and appropriate cere- 
 monies, amid the cheers of the vast multitude 
 assembled, the music of the bands and 
 grand salute from Battery B, and the Star 
 Spangled Banner at the signal unfolded itself 
 from around the marble shaft and ascended 
 majestically to the peak of the flag stafp that 
 was erected in the' rear, and as if by magic a 
 perfect shower of miniature flags fell gently 
 upon the vast concourse below. A. C. Scovel, 
 Esq., then introduced John Y. Foster, the 
 speaker of the day, and author of ' New 
 Jersey in the Great Rebellion.' He followed 
 the gallant Jersey regiments from the State 
 to the field and through their grand march of 
 triumph, not only the glorious victories won 
 in Virginia, but also the grandest of all 
 marches, — the march through Georgia, and 
 reviewed the termination and turned to re- 
 flect upon the great lesson of the hour." 
 
 The following names which are engraved 
 on this monument are of soldiers from Cam- 
 den County who died during the war : 
 
 Coloneh. 
 Louis E. Franoine. . H. Boyd McKeen. 
 John P. Vanleer. Wm. B. Hatch. 
 
 Lieutenant- Colonels. 
 Simpson R. Stroud. Thomas H. Davis. 
 
 Captains. 
 C. Haufty.. C. Meves. 
 
 J. MoComb. W. R. Maxwell. 
 
 C.J. Fields. , T.Stevenson. 
 
 C. K. Horsfall. ■ C. Wilson. 
 
 E. Hamilton. 
 
 First- Lieutenants. 
 W. S. Briggs. R. A. Curlis. 
 
 W. Evans. J. R. Rich. 
 
 J. T. Lowe. J. R. Orowell. 
 
 Second- Lieutenants. 
 W. S. Barnard. G. W. Eisler. 
 
 T.J.Howell. D. R. Cowperthwaite. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 
 D. A. Westcoat. G. M. Hineline. 
 J. D. Richardson. J. B. Johnson. 
 C. B. Oheesemen. C. H. Jewell. 
 
 S. W. Bates. J. R. McGowan. 
 
 J. Curtis. T. Krugg. 
 
 J. Dimon. C. W. Lowe. 
 
 C. F. Dickinson. E. Mitchell. 
 
 H. Fisler. J. W. Moore. 
 
 J. K. Frankish. I. J. Rue. 
 
 C. G. P. Goforth. P. Riley. 
 
 P. A. Grum. C. P. Fish. 
 
 I. A. Korn. J. WooUard. 
 C. E. Githens. 
 
 Corporals. 
 
 J. F. Bailey. B. Linton. 
 
 H. B. Brown. E. W. Laue. 
 
 J. M. Roe. E. Livermore. 
 
 J. Clements. A. H. Merry. 
 
 W. W. Collins. J. Miller. 
 
 S. B. Carter. J. McClernand. 
 
 C. P. Norton. J. Roshback. 
 
 C. Helmuth, G. A. Smith. 
 
 W. F. Hessel. M. Slimm. 
 
 C. E. Hugg. F. Schwartz. 
 
 E. Holly. G. W. Thompson. 
 J. C. Dilkes. W. Thompson. 
 W. H. Jones. A. Wooley. 
 
 J. S. Kay. J. Zanders. 
 
 W. Rich. H. Beohtel. 
 
 G. North. H. K. Patton. 
 P. Larricks. 
 
 Privates. 
 
 G. Adams. J. Bozarth. 
 
 A. Adams. A. G. Bryan. 
 H. Adler. W. Batt. 
 
 J. E. Amit. D. Bates. 
 
 J. Adams. P. Barnel. 
 
 E. Ayers. G. Boom. 
 
 T. P. Asay. S. Beck. 
 
 J. Anderson. W. Brown. 
 
 J.Brown. J. Brice. 
 
 B. Budd. J. Breer. 
 E. Browning. E. Barber. 
 J. Buchanan. H. Beckley. 
 J. Bakely. W. Cook. 
 
 G. B. Budd. A. Clingham. 
 
 J. Bates. A. Coule. 
 
 L. Breyer. W. B. Carson. 
 
 A. Breyer. G. W. Chew. 
 
 J. Bebbe. J. W. Clement. 
 
 J. Bower. T. Cobb. 
 
 J. Beetle, Jr. R. G. Curry. 
 
 J. Bowker. T. Cloren. 
 
 L. Banks. T. D. Clark. 
 
THE WAE FOR THE UNION. 
 
 167 
 
 J. S. Copeland. 
 
 I. Calway. 
 
 R. Clayton. 
 
 J. Cline. 
 
 J. G. Conley. 
 
 C. F. Collett. 
 
 I. H. Copeland. 
 
 J. Q. A. Cline. 
 
 N. B. Cook. 
 
 J. Conley. 
 
 H. Cramer. 
 
 T. Carmack. 
 
 H. Culler. 
 
 H. Craver. 
 
 J. Conlan. 
 
 J. Crammer. 
 
 J. P. Callaway. 
 
 M. Cavanaugh. 
 
 W. H. Chamberlain. 
 
 C. Downs. 
 J. Diehl. 
 J. Devlin. 
 S. Dermott. 
 
 8. Dermott (2d). 
 J. Dowell. 
 R. Dresser, Sr. 
 J. S. Dill. 
 J. R. Dornell. 
 E. P. Davis. 
 J. Dyle. 
 A. Downs. 
 J. H. Douglas. 
 8. G. Darrow. 
 E. Davis. 
 
 E. Dougherty. 
 
 D. Drigget. 
 J. E. Dorrell. 
 D. Doughty. 
 
 J. J. Dannenhower. 
 
 T. Davis. 
 
 M. Effinger. 
 
 W. Earley. 
 
 R. G. Easley. 
 
 J. Elberson. 
 
 W. Edge. 
 
 J. Edinger. 
 
 A. Elberson. 
 
 W. Evans. 
 
 J. Fitzgerald. 
 
 W. Frey. 
 
 J. A. Fenner. 
 
 D. Ford. 
 
 F. Fellows. 
 J. G. Foster. 
 J. Groskinsky. 
 
 J, Gillespy. 
 L. Grundling. 
 L. GifFord. 
 
 C. Gautier. 
 J. F. Gaul. 
 W. Goebel. 
 H. Githens. 
 J. Gammel. 
 R. Grant. 
 
 J. H. Gaunt. 
 G. Gerwine. 
 
 D. Gordon. 
 
 G. H. Gilbert. 
 
 A. Gervis. 
 
 J. HoUingsworth. 
 
 C. Hambrecht. 
 V. Henricus. 
 H. F. Hensman. 
 J. F. Haines. 
 
 G. A. Holmes. 
 G. Hanno. 
 P. F. Hilyard, 
 
 D. H. Horner. 
 S. G. Hultz. 
 W. Herring. 
 L. Heller. 
 
 A. Hawk. 
 G. Howard. 
 H. Hinkle. 
 W. F. Halmbold. 
 
 E. Hefferman. 
 H. Hears. 
 
 M. Hall. 
 
 8. G. Heils. 
 
 G. M. D. Hampton. 
 
 W. H. Harris. 
 
 D. Horner. 
 J. P. Huyck. 
 Adam Job. 
 J. W. Jobes. 
 T. Johnson. 
 A. J. Joline. 
 
 E. Johnson. 
 G. Kell. 
 
 A. J. Keim. 
 
 E. Lock. 
 J. Louis. 
 J. Logan. 
 W. J. Leake. 
 
 F. Laib. 
 D. Lutz. 
 
 J. B. Leach. 
 
 G. B. Land. 
 J. Lewis. 
 J. Leslie. 
 
 J. W. Lee. 
 
 W. R. Lancaster. 
 
 W. Look. 
 
 J. K. Liphsey. 
 
 B. H. Linton. 
 
 E. Miles. 
 
 C. Mensing. 
 J. Munsan. 
 R. Marshall. 
 H. D. Morgan. 
 J. Macinall. 
 M. Marshall. 
 
 F. Mullen. 
 
 E. F. Mills. 
 
 T. E. Middleton. 
 
 G. E. Monroe. 
 L. Miller. 
 
 J. Miller. 
 J. Machtoff. 
 T. Marrott. 
 J. Murray. 
 A. W. Martin. 
 G. Mount. 
 G. W. Mooney. 
 R. J. McAdams. 
 
 A. McGauhey. 
 J. McMullen. 
 M. McLaughlin. 
 C. McLaughlin. 
 T. J. McKeighan. 
 M. McNulty. 
 
 W. McDowell. 
 N. McElhone. 
 G. McCabe. 
 L. McConnell. 
 J. McAdams. 
 J. McKeon. 
 
 B. McMullen. 
 P. Nolan. 
 
 M. Nicholson. 
 S. B. Norcrof. 
 J. 8. Nicholson. 
 M. Nayse. 
 W. Nagle. 
 A. Oldham. 
 M. Oregan. 
 
 C. Owens. 
 
 F. O'Neil. 
 
 P. H. O'Donnell. 
 P. O'Donnell. 
 I. J. Pine. 
 T. Pike. 
 J. Parks. 
 R. M. Price. 
 A. Pond. 
 
 P. Pepoon. 
 D. Ryan. 
 J. Rhode. 
 D. Rumford. 
 F. Robinson. 
 W. Robust. 
 T. D. Ross. 
 J. Ryan. 
 
 F. Rodgers. 
 W. Rowe. 
 J. Roofe. 
 
 T. J. Rudderow. 
 W. J. Rudy. 
 H. Richmond. 
 D. Reading. 
 
 A. Schwartz. 
 
 C. Schey. 
 R. F. Stone. 
 
 J. A. Steelman. 
 
 G. A. Schmitt. 
 J. E. Stark. 
 
 D. M. Southard. 
 W. Shroder. 
 
 J. Schlatter. 
 J. Sturges. 
 P. Stoy. 
 F. Stadler. 
 S. Sympkins. 
 P. Stevenson. 
 
 D. Sullivan. 
 
 B. F. Sweet. 
 8. Sutton. 
 
 E. H. Smith. 
 
 A. Subers. 
 
 W. H. Stockton. 
 W. H. Schaffer. 
 8. 8. Somers. 
 W. R. Stewart. 
 J. R. Stow. 
 H. Smith. 
 
 B. F. Schlecht. 
 J. Stevenson. 
 D. Simpkins. 
 
 F. Sichttnberg. 
 
 C. W. Skill. 
 F. Street. 
 J. Smith. 
 
 J. 8. Smith. 
 H. P. Snyder. 
 W. Streeper. 
 H. Steffins. 
 T. Simpson. 
 T. Shields. 
 R. H. Strought. 
 C. S. Turner. 
 
168 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 H. G. Thorn. 
 
 G. C. Tmeax. 
 
 C. S. Tyndall. 
 
 J. Thomas. 
 
 H. Todd. 
 
 C. Ulrich. 
 
 C. Ulrich. 
 
 •J. G. Vanneman. 
 
 J. Wells. 
 
 L. A. Westcoat. 
 
 T. Walker. 
 
 G. Wannan. 
 
 A. J. Walker. 
 S. Wilson. 
 
 B. Ware. 
 A. Wolf. 
 W. Wallace. 
 J. Woerner. 
 W. Wilson. 
 
 S. W. White. 
 J, C. Ware. 
 J. C. Whippy. 
 L. P. Wilson. 
 T. G. Williams. 
 
 C. Warr. 
 
 D. Wells. 
 
 J. Williams. 
 W. Wells. 
 
 E. Watson. 
 E. P. Wilson. 
 W. J. Wood. 
 C. Winters. 
 
 C. H. Wennel. 
 
 D. R. Winner. 
 J. 0. Young. 
 0. Yeager. 
 
 D. C. Yourison. 
 M. Zimmerman. 
 
 Necrology. — The following is a com- 
 plete list, as far as can be obtained from the 
 Grand Army Posts and the sextons of the 
 various cemeteries of Camden County, of the 
 soldiers whose remains lie in the places 
 named : 
 
 CAMDEN CEMETERY. 
 
 (One hundred and thirty-five buried here.) 
 
 Samuel E. Pain. 
 James Coleman. 
 Howard Dewees. 
 George Williams. 
 James F. Ross. 
 Ottis G. Sanderson. 
 John S. Normine. 
 Martin Effinger. 
 Samuel Miller. 
 Jacob Price. 
 George Roedel. 
 Andrew Merkle. 
 Isaac Dougherty. 
 Samuel B. Carter. 
 Lieut. Thos. S. Stewart. 
 Charles P. Horton. 
 John Miller. 
 C. B. McBride. 
 Johan Diehl. 
 J. F. Fisher. 
 Alfred Bernard. 
 Corpl. J. R. McCowan. 
 J. H. Button. 
 James Emely. 
 Charles Helmuth. 
 William D. Richardson. 
 
 James Conover. 
 
 Conover. 
 
 Harris. 
 
 Harris. 
 
 George Elder. 
 William Dorsey. 
 Abner Subers. 
 James Smallwood. 
 William L. Gray. 
 John Moran. 
 D. W. Morton. 
 John Robinson. 
 William Wilson. 
 William W. Whittaker. 
 
 Felden [father]. 
 
 Felden [son]. 
 
 Clayton Edwards. 
 Samuel J. Griffee. 
 
 Biddle. 
 
 Elijah Davis. 
 Christian Hess. 
 James Griffee. 
 Suton Gehweiler. 
 Edward Ecke. 
 
 Price. 
 
 Lane. 
 
 Thomas C. Surran. 
 John Thornton. 
 James Hollingsworth. 
 William Hampton. 
 J. H. Dutton. 
 C H. Cleaver. 
 T. J. Cheeseman. 
 Capt. J. R. Cunningham. 
 Corp. James Ireland. 
 Corp. Peter Shivers. 
 Samuel Yates. 
 Abraham Stow. 
 Andrew O. Steinmets. 
 Jacob Hirsch. 
 John P. Grant. 
 Adam Kolb, Sr. 
 Adam Kolb, Jr. 
 
 Sibenlist. 
 
 Sibenlist. 
 
 Ware. 
 
 Heinrich Rauser. 
 Joseph Pike. 
 John B. Nevins. 
 William W. Howe. 
 
 Elberson. 
 
 Elberson. 
 
 John P. Cannon. 
 
 Brinnisholtz. 
 
 C. H. Kleavor. 
 
 Conly. 
 
 Benjamin Anderson. 
 James Griffe. 
 
 Price. 
 
 J. G. Johnson. 
 Augustus F. S. Singleton. 
 John Williams. 
 Daniel Rowan. 
 James C. Lewis. 
 Robert Middleton. 
 George Brooks. 
 
 War of 1812. — billingspoet. 
 Capt. William Newton. John Smith. 
 Daniel S. Carter. 
 
 Nathan A. Carter, sexton, No. 33, North Fourth 
 Street. 
 
 EVEEGREEJf CEMETERY (CAMDEN). 
 
 Joseph Bontemps. 
 Alexander Nicholls. 
 Lewis Kenney. 
 Jonas T. Hull. 
 Wm. D. Richardson. 
 Albert Kemble. 
 Morris R. Giles. 
 Joseph S. Fletcher. 
 Joseph McAllister. 
 Charles M. Ferat. 
 John Scliack. 
 Christian Hess. 
 William A. Tat em. 
 George H. Snyder. 
 Joseph L. Coles. 
 E. T. Davis. 
 H. Dieokman. 
 Richard W. Parsons. 
 Alonzo D. Nichols. 
 John Miles. 
 James H. Kerns. 
 
 D. R. Cowperthwaite. 
 Geo. W. Roseman. 
 
 E. Miles. 
 William Malone. 
 Thomas R. Middleton. 
 E. C. R. Woodruff".. 
 James .1. Snow. 
 
 John M. Ehillman. 
 Wm. H. Schwab. 
 F. G. S. Pfeiffer, M.D. 
 Captain James Snow. 
 William H. Sugden. 
 Henry K. Patton. 
 William P. Reeves. 
 1st Lt. Saml. J. Malone. 
 Capt. Frank M. Malone. 
 Col. W. B. Hatch. 
 Joseph A. Beck. 
 1st Lt. William M. Sh iw. 
 Joseph C. Huyck. 
 Joseph C. Vanneman, 
 
 (Surg. U. S. N.) 
 Thomas James Howell. 
 William G. Leake. 
 John Robertson. 
 1st Lt. S. A. Steinmetz. 
 Thomas R. McKenney. 
 Robert G. Clark. 
 William B. Benjamin. 
 K. C. Allen. 
 L. H. Harker. 
 William Hutchinson. 
 Edward B. Brown. 
 Thomas Herbert. 
 Thomas Kelly. 
 
THE WAR FOR THE UNION. 
 
 169 
 
 Edgar Reeve. 
 John E. Stratton. 
 Samuel W. Mattaon. 
 
 Hansell. 
 
 George R. Angell. 
 John Wallace. 
 Joshua F. Stone. 
 Colonel Martin Seldon.' 
 John W. Bear. 
 William J. Paul. 
 Daniel Smith. 
 Alonzo W. Schuler. 
 Jacob H. Gilmore. 
 
 R. P. Sherman. 
 E. F.Locke. 
 0. B. Carter. 
 Andrew McCartney. 
 S. E. Somers. 
 J. W. Norton. 
 C. E. Githens. 
 James Carpenter. 
 William B. Shult. 
 Charles H. Billings. 
 Jeremiah Berry. 
 Capt. Henry Z. Gibson. 
 Chas. G. P. Goforth. 
 
 CEDAE GROVE CEMETERY (GLOUCESTER CITY). 
 
 Thomas Shaw. 
 Corp. Miles Blakely. 
 Alexander Work. 
 Peter Rancorn. 
 
 Fithian. 
 
 Ginn. 
 
 John Marshall. 
 James A. Schofield. 
 Stephen A. Briggs. 
 John Lincoln. 
 Chas. H. Cordery. 
 John Herron. 
 Wm. Hutchinson. 
 Henry Simpkins. 
 Brig.-Gen. J. Williams. 
 Thomas Hoff. 
 John Sands. 
 Gabriel Surran. 
 James Kane. 
 James McElmoyle. 
 Thomas B. Campbell. 
 John E. Miller. 
 Peter D. Hewlings. 
 Joseph Davis. 
 Howell R. Davis. 
 Joseph Bush. 
 
 James Sipple. 
 Hiram Irvine. 
 Wm. N. Groves. 
 James Groves. 
 Robert Berryman. 
 Robert McAdoo. 
 Arthur Powell. 
 David Conklin. 
 Abram Martin. 
 James W. Moss. 
 Philip H. Smith. 
 Charles H. Hulings. 
 Wm. H. Wilson. 
 James A. Duddy. 
 Wm. H. Stout. 
 Wm. Tjas. 
 Samuel Hooten. 
 Wm. Akens. 
 
 Ford. 
 
 John Osborne. 
 Joseph Barton. 
 John Norton. 
 John Pew. 
 Foster Stanford. 
 Fritz Speigle. 
 George W. Murray. 
 
 METHODIST CEMETERY (hADDONFIELD.) 
 
 John A. Fish. 
 Davis Rumford. 
 Richard Lippincott. 
 . Augustus Bare. 
 Lewis Rumford. 
 Isaac Arterburn. 
 
 Franklin Hoops. 
 Wm. Henry Nutt. 
 John Bakely. 
 Wm. McCarty. 
 Josiah Fish. 
 Isaac Cade. 
 
 BAPTIST CEMETERY (HADDONFIELD.) 
 
 James Fortner. James Brick. 
 
 Lorenzo Jess. Wm. H. Hoey. 
 
 Samuel Wilson. Levi E. Bates. 
 
 Saral. Eggman. Charles Scott. 
 
 — — Ashbrook. 
 Jacob Dill. 
 Silas Gartledge. 
 James Young. 
 
 UNION CEMETERY 
 
 George HoflFman. 
 Chakley Cheeseman. 
 Thomas Cheeseman. 
 George Elmbark. 
 Wm. Russell. 
 
 ST. MARY'S CEMETERY (CATHOLIC), GLOUCESTER 
 CITY. 
 
 John W. Swinker. 
 Alfred Fortner. 
 • Lawrence. 
 
 (GLOUCESTER CITY). 
 
 Thomas Pancoast. 
 John Jordan. 
 Edward Russell. 
 Richard Wilson. 
 
 Patrick Reilly. 
 Jas. Cooney. 
 John O'Neill. 
 Daniel Kelly. 
 Michael McGrorey. 
 James McGrorey. 
 Wm. Lenny. 
 Patrick Boylan. 
 Edward Cole. 
 John Cloran. 
 Timothy Cloran. 
 Edward Burroughs. 
 Christopher Dolan. 
 Francis Queen. 
 John Berzell. 
 Thomas Guigan. 
 James White. 
 Patrick Waters. 
 Michael Hurley. 
 Constantine O'Neill. 
 William Leo. 
 
 Edward Tool. 
 Matthew Finnegan. 
 Wm. McBlhone. 
 Nicholas Brady. 
 Henry McElhone. 
 Florence Sullivan. 
 Michael Corcoran. 
 Joseph Brady. 
 Thomas Agen. 
 Christopher Winters. 
 Patrick McGuire. 
 Daniel Kenney. 
 Michael Callahan. 
 
 John Kenney. 
 
 James McCann. 
 
 James Byers. 
 
 Hugh Hines. 
 
 Thomas Sweeny. 
 
 John Reilly. 
 
 James McNally. 
 
 Michael Devlin. 
 
 James Daly. 
 
 JOHNSON'S CEMETERY (STOCKTON TOWNSHIP). 
 
 Nathaniel Stout. 
 Thomas Ryan. 
 Josiah Pruitt. 
 Jacob Brisco. 
 David Whiting. 
 James H. Menoken. 
 Josiah Shipley. 
 Edward Shipley. 
 Henry Ramsey. 
 
 George S. Menoken. 
 Edward Barnard. 
 George H. Stewart. 
 Joseph Wells. 
 Amos W. Nash. 
 Theophilus Peterson. 
 James Weeks. 
 John Ryan. 
 John Miller. 
 
 COLESTOWN CEMETERY (CAMDEN COUNTY). 
 
 Capt. Wm. C. Shinn. Abram Middleton. 
 
 ' In Revolutionary War ; died 1806. 
 
 Abraham Browning. 
 Joseph Cline. 
 Joseph Errickson. 
 J. Stokes Evans. 
 Bowman Hendry. 
 James Henry. 
 Theodore W. Kain. 
 Wm. Henry Lewallen. 
 
 Archibald Scott. 
 William Shaw. 
 Richard C. Schriner. 
 William H. Snyder. 
 Job E. Stockton. 
 Stacy G. Stockton. 
 Samuel West. 
 John J. White. 
 
 22 
 
170 
 
 HISTOKY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW .TEESBY. 
 
 The Grand Army of the Republic. — 
 All honorably-discharged soldiers and sailors 
 who have served in the army or navy of the 
 United States are entitled to membership in 
 the Grand Army of the Republic. In this 
 respect it is the first organization of its kind 
 effected in this country or elsewhere. Soon 
 after the close of the Revolution, army socie- 
 ties were formed which were composed of 
 commissioned officers and their descendants. 
 
 The most prominent of these was the fam- 
 ous Society of the Cincinnati, which still has 
 an existence. Army and corps organizations 
 of the War of 1812 and of the Mexican War 
 have existed for social and convivial purposes; 
 but none of these societies named have been 
 based on the principle of mutual aid in time 
 of need, or comprehended purposes so exalted 
 as those embraced in the declaration of the 
 Grand Army of the Republic, namely, " Fra- 
 ternity, charity, loyalty." This society, whose 
 purpose is to band together the men who wore 
 the blue during the war, originated in the 
 West. To Colonel B. F. Stephenson, M.D., 
 of Springfield, Illinois, is given the credit of 
 being the first person who formulated the 
 plans of its noble aims. The first post was 
 organized at Dakota, Illinois, in 1866. The 
 idea of extending the organization was com- 
 municated to many army associates. A State 
 Department Encampment was organized in 
 Illinois on the 12th of July, 1866, under 
 Colonel Stephenson. In the month of No- 
 vember of the same year a National Encamp- 
 ment was organized at Indianapolis, with 
 representatives present from nearly all the 
 Northern States. These encampments have 
 been held annually since then, in various lo- 
 calities of the Union. The State became di- 
 vided into districts, and the organization of 
 posts was exceedingly rapid. Six months 
 after the date of the formation of the society 
 forty thousand men through the Northern 
 States were enrolled as members. The first 
 department organization in the State of New 
 Jersey was effected in the month of January, 
 
 1868. The membership of the order in this 
 State in 1884 was reported at five thousand 
 two hundred and seventy-nine. The entire 
 membership in the United States for the same 
 year was two hundred and thirty-three thou- 
 sand five hundred and ninety-five. Its mem- 
 bership is now estimated at three hundred 
 thousand, more than one-fourth of the sur- 
 vivors of the war. 
 
 Under the auspices of the order thousaud.s 
 of camp-fires, fairs, reunions and banquets 
 have been held. These revive the sufferings 
 and sacrifices and recall the unwritten history 
 of the war. At these meetings no rank is 
 recognized, save that conferred by the order, 
 and any member is eligible to any position in 
 its gift. 
 
 The history of various posts now existing 
 in the city and county of Camden are here 
 given, according to the date organization. 
 
 Thomas M. K. Lee Post, No. 6, of Cam- 
 den, was organized in January, 1876, in 
 Camden, with eighty-five charter-members. 
 The first officers of the post were as fol- 
 lows : 
 
 Post Commander, Edmund May ; Senior Vice- 
 Commander, Samuel Hufty; Junior Vice-Comman- 
 der, George W. Gile ; Surgeon, James A. Arm- 
 strong, M.D. ; Chaplain, August H. Lung ; Oificer 
 of the Day, Benjamin Carlin ; Officer of the Guard, 
 Robert B. MoCowan; Quartermaster, Joseph 0. 
 Nichols; Adjutant, Alexander Nichols. 
 
 At the first meeting of the post it was 
 unanimously decided to honor a gallant soldier 
 of General Philip Kearny's Second Brigade, 
 by adopting the name of " Thomas M. K. 
 Lee Post." The following is a complete 
 roster of this post for 1886 : 
 
 Commander, David M. Spence; Senior Vice, 
 Benjamin C. Coles ; Junior Vice, William Thomp- 
 son ; Adjutant, J. Kelly Brown ; Surgeon, William 
 P. Hall ; Officer of the Day, Samuel Hufty ; Officer 
 of the Guard, Joseph W. Ore ; Chaplain, Harry L. 
 Hartshorne ; Quartermaster, William Whitely ; 
 Quartermaster-Sergeant, William H. Rightmire; 
 Sergeant-Major, William Chandler. 
 
 Comrades. 
 John S. Adams. W. R. Anderson. 
 
THE WAR FOR THE UNION. 
 
 171 
 
 L. Andrews. 
 John W. Ayres. 
 B. T. Barclay. 
 John Bamford. 
 George Barrett. 
 Thomas Bates, Sr. 
 Charles F; Bender. 
 William P. Besser. 
 James C. Blackwood. 
 Edward Blanck. 
 William Blanck, Sr. 
 George W. Blanck. 
 William Bovell. 
 Charles P. Boyen 
 David B. Brown. 
 J. Kelly Brown. 
 W. M. Burns. 
 G. W. Burroughs. 
 Benjamin F. Carlin. 
 James Carrigan. 
 James R. Carson. 
 J. Caskey. 
 
 Charles B. Capewell. 
 William H. Chandler. 
 Jesse Chew. 
 William H. H. Clark. 
 John Clifford. 
 Joseph Cline. 
 John Coates, Sr. 
 John W. Coates, 
 Benjamin D. Coley. 
 Reuben D. Cole. 
 William H. Cooper. 
 Albert G. Crane. 
 Charles Cregar. 
 John Cromie. 
 And. J. Cunningham. 
 George R. Dannehower. 
 George F. Deaves. 
 John Derry. 
 Albert C. Dildine. 
 John W. Donges. 
 George N. Dresser. 
 M. S. Ellis. 
 Thomas T. Estworthy. 
 Theodore F. Fields. 
 Samuel Flood. 
 Joseph B. Fox. 
 Henry B. Francis. 
 B. F. Gault. 
 George W. Gile. 
 W. E. Gilling. 
 William Gleason. 
 Thomas R. Grapevine. 
 W. S. Grigg. 
 
 William P. Hall. 
 Leonard S. Hart. 
 H. L. Hartshorn. 
 Thomas Harman. 
 R. G. Hann. 
 J. Haynes. 
 
 Charles H. Helmbold. 
 A. S. Helms. 
 S. Henderson. 
 Richard N. Herring. 
 Robert M. Hillman. 
 Charles A. Hotchkiss. 
 Thomas Hoy. 
 
 Samuel Hufty. 
 
 David W. J. Hutton. 
 
 David O. Hunter. 
 
 Mahlon F. Ivins. 
 
 Samuel Jackaway. 
 
 Stephen M. Janney. 
 
 Frank S. Jones. 
 
 Charles Kalt. 
 
 Benjamin L. Kellum. 
 
 Robert King. 
 
 William H. Kingley. 
 
 Edward D. Knight. 
 
 Frank L. Knight. 
 
 Joseph C. Lee. 
 
 Richard H. Lee. 
 
 David B. Litzenberg. 
 
 George W. Loughlin. 
 
 William Madison. 
 
 Edward W. Madison. 
 
 David F. Matthews. 
 
 Edmund May. 
 
 William T. Mead. 
 
 Jonas Mellor. 
 
 Matthew Miller. 
 
 Michael Morgan. 
 
 Daniel B. Murphy. 
 
 Robert B. McCowan. 
 
 Andrew McCready. 
 
 John McMain. 
 
 John Noll. 
 
 John North, Jr. 
 
 Joseph W. Ore. 
 
 William M. Palmer. 
 
 Charles N. Pelouze. 
 
 John B. Peters. 
 
 William H. Rightmire. 
 
 Clarence L. Ross. 
 
 John D. Sargeant. 
 
 Conrad Schwoerer. 
 
 George W. Scott. 
 
 James M. Scovel. 
 
 John K. Seagreaves. 
 
 William Thompson. 
 Albert F. Tilton. 
 Baker D. Tomlin. 
 Zebulon T. Tompkins. 
 John L. Topham. 
 John Trimble. 
 John F. Tudor. 
 George Urban. 
 Theodore Verlander. 
 Charles H. Walker. 
 Samuel S. Weaver. 
 William H. Wheaton. 
 William Whitely. 
 Virgil Willett. 
 George E. Wilson. 
 George W. Wood. 
 William T. G. Young. 
 Charles G. Zimmerman. 
 
 Junius E. Severance. 
 William J. Sewell. 
 James H. Shannon. 
 William H. Shearman. 
 Isaac W. Shinn. 
 Samuel E. Sheetz. 
 John C. Shute. 
 Charles Shivers, Jr. 
 William L. Skinner. 
 William H. Simpson. 
 William B. Smith. 
 David M. Spence. 
 Arthur Stanley. 
 William H. Stansberg. 
 Charles Steeger. 
 William Stillings. 
 John J. Stone. 
 James M. Stradling. 
 H. Genet Taylor. 
 
 Captain Thomas M. K. Lee, Jb., early 
 in 1861, identified himself with the troops 
 who volunteered from the city of Camden. 
 He enlisted as a private in Company F, 
 Fourth Regiment New Jersey Volunteer 
 Militia ; was promoted sergeant and served 
 with the regiment until disharged at expir- 
 ation of term of service, July 31, 1861. He 
 enlisted August 9, 1861, in Company I, 
 Sixth Regiment New Jersey Volunteer In- 
 fantry, for three years. September 9, 1861, 
 he was commissioned first lieutenant of the 
 company ; and, on January 16, 1863, was 
 comtpissioned as captain of Company K of 
 his regiment. He commanded the regiment 
 from Spottsylvania Court-House, Va., to 
 North Anna River ; was detailed judge-ad- 
 vocate on the staff of Brigadier-General Mc- 
 Allister, commanding Third Brigade, Third 
 Division, Second Army Corps, and as the 
 same under Major-General Gershom Mott. 
 He was mustered out with his regiment Sep- 
 tember 7, 1864. 
 
 With his regiment he participated in the 
 following battles : 
 
 Siege of Yorktown.Va., April and May, 1862; 
 Williamsburg, Va., May 5, 1862; Fair Oaks, June 
 1 and 2, 1862; Seven Pines, Va., June 26,1862; 
 Savage Station, Va., June 29, 1862 ; Malvern Hill, 
 Va., July 1,1862; Bristow Station, Va., August 
 
172 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 27, 1862 ; Second Bull Eun, August29, 1862; Chan- 
 tilly, Va., September 1, 1862; Centreville, Va., 
 September 2, 1862 ; Fredericksburg, Va., Decem- 
 ber IS and 14, 1862; Chancellorsville, Va.,May 3 
 and 4, 1862 ; Gettysburg, Pa., July 2 and 3, 1863 ; 
 Wapping Heights, Va., October 15 1863 ; Mine 
 Eun, Va., November 29 and 30, 1863 ; Wilderness, 
 Va., May 5 to 7, 1864; Spottsylvania, Va., May 8 
 to 11, 1864; Spottsylvania Uourt-House, Va., May 
 12 to 18, 1864 ; North Anna Eiver, Va., May 23 to 
 24, 1864; Tolopotomy Creek, Va., May 30, 1864 ; 
 Cold Harbor, Va., June 1 to 5, 1864 ; Petersburg, 
 Va., June 16 to 23, 1864 ; Deep Bottom, Va., July 
 25 to 27, 1864; Mine Explosion, Va., July 30, 1864 ; 
 North Bank James Eiver, Va., August 14 to 18, 
 1864; Eeam's Station, Va., August 25, 1864 ; was 
 wounded in the head at battle of Chancellorsville ; 
 was wounded in face and neck at battle of Spott- 
 sylvania. 
 
 He returned to Camden after the war and 
 was elected, in 1865, as county clerk, and 
 held the position for five years. He died 
 December 10, 1873, aged thirty-seven years, 
 and was buried in Evergreen Cemetery. A 
 wife and one child survive him. 
 
 William B. Hatch Post, No. 37, of 
 Camden, was instituted and chartered No- 
 vember 25, 1879, with eighty-one members 
 and the following named Post officers : 
 
 Post Commander, John E. Grubb; Senior Vice- 
 Commander, Eichard J. Eobertson ; Junior Vice- 
 Commander, Daniel J. Fullen ; Surgeon, Thomas 
 G. Eowand, M.D. ; Chaplain, John Quick ; Officer 
 of the Day, John A. Dall ; Officer of the Guard, 
 Edmund G. Jackson, Jr. ; Quartermaster, Chris. J. 
 Mines, Jr. ; Adjutant, Benjamin J. Pierce ; Ser- 
 geant-Major, William A. Tattern ; Quartermaster- 
 Sergeant, Willi'am B. E. Miller. 
 
 At the first meeting of the Post it was de- 
 cided by a unanimous vote to name it in 
 honor of the late Colonel William B. Hatch, 
 of the Fourth Regiment. When Mrs. C. 
 Hatch, the mother of the colonel, was in- 
 formed that the post had honored the memory 
 of her son by naming it after him, she sent 
 to the Post the following response : 
 
 " Camden, N. J., November 26th, 1879. 
 " John E. Grubb, Post Commander. 
 
 "Dear Sir,— It will afibrd me much 
 pleasure to be identified with Post 37; G. A. R., 
 
 named in honor of my son, William B. Hatch, by 
 allowing me to present to the same its colors. The 
 memory of my son is ever dear to me, and, while 
 at the same moment I may have thought the sac- 
 rifice too great an affliction, yet I was consoled 
 by the fact that I gave him up that this Union 
 might be preserved. It was duty and patriotism 
 that called him, and while I mourn him as a mother 
 for a well-beloved son, yet I would not have stayed 
 him, for the love of country and the upholding of 
 this glorious Eepublic is what every mother should 
 instil into her sons, as the purest and holiest spirit. 
 Yours truly, 
 
 " C. Hatch." 
 
 The following is a complete roster for the 
 year 1886: 
 
 Post Commander, Benjamin H.Connelly; Senior 
 Vice-Commander, Adam C. Smith ; Junior Vice- 
 Commander, William Haegele; Surgeon, George 
 Pfau ; Chaplain, Samuel Gaul; Officer of the Day, 
 Eobert Crawford ; Officer of the Guard, .John D. 
 Cooper ; Quartermaster, Samuel J. Fenner ; Ad- 
 jutant, William B. Summers; Sergeant-Major, 
 Stacy H. Bassett; Quartermaster-Sergeant, Otto 
 K. Lockhart. 
 
 Comrades. 
 Philip Achenbach. J. Q. Burniston. 
 
 George L. All chin. George Burton. 
 
 Isaac Albertson. Frederick Baser. 
 
 Joseph Applegate. Thomas L. Bush. 
 
 John W. Barclay. William Butcher. 
 
 Martin M. Barney. Isaac B. Buzby. 
 
 Joseph Baxter. Edward C. Cattell. 
 
 William W. Bennett. Joseph Cameron. 
 Charles L. Bennett. James H. Carey. 
 
 Abel Biddle. William Carey. 
 
 George K. Biddle. James Chadwick. 
 
 Henry Bickering. James Chafey. 
 
 John Bieri. George M. Chester. 
 
 Robert M. Bingham. James D. Chester. 
 Socrates T. Bittle. Lewis L. Chew. 
 
 George W. Bittle. Henry S. Chew. 
 
 Benjamin F, Blizzard. John W. Churn. 
 Joseph Borton. Andrew B. Cline. 
 
 Frederick Bowers. Charles Clarke. 
 
 Benjamin M. Braker. Samuel J. Cook. 
 John Breyer. Levi E. Cole. 
 
 William H. Brians. John J. Collins. 
 
 Wm. J. Broadwater. John C. Cooper. 
 William Broadwater. John W. Cotner. 
 John Brown. Thomas L. Conly. 
 
 Harris Brooks. Harvey M. Cox. 
 
 William H. Brooks. Jason S. Cox. 
 
 Joseph F. Bryan. Harris Crane. 
 
 Joseph Buddew. Charles Cress. 
 
THE WAR FOR THE UNION. 
 
 173 
 
 Joel G. Gross. 
 0. 0. Cunningham. 
 John A. Dall. 
 John Dalby. 
 John H. Damon. 
 Westley Dare. 
 John E. Dawson. 
 Adam T. Dawson. 
 James L. Davis. 
 William Davis. 
 Amos E. Dease. 
 Henry Deford. 
 Lewis F. Derousse. 
 Michael Devinney. 
 Glendora Devo. 
 John Digney. 
 Joseph Dilks. 
 William A. Dobbins. 
 George W. Dunlap. 
 Christopher Ebele. 
 Godfrey Eisenhart. 
 John Elberson. 
 Charles Elwell. 
 Charles Eminecker. 
 John Esler. 
 John H. Evans. 
 John J. Early. 
 Aaron B. Eacritt. 
 Charles S. Tackier. 
 James Fanington. 
 James A. Farraday. 
 John H. Farry. 
 John Faughey. 
 Wm. H. Fenlin. 
 George G. Felton. 
 George W. Ferguson. 
 Charles W. Fish. 
 Israel L. Fish. 
 James Finnan. 
 Samuel B. Fisher. 
 Edward L. Fisher. 
 Ephraim B. Fithian. 
 Jacob T. Fisher. 
 Edward Fitzer. 
 Samuel Flock. 
 Leonard Flor. 
 John Fox. 
 John S. Fox. 
 H. H. Franks. 
 Chas. B. Frazer. 
 Thomas J. Francis. 
 Samuel W. Gahan. 
 Chas. H. Gale. 
 James Galbraith. 
 Thomas Garman. 
 
 Harry Garren. 
 John W. Garwood. 
 Josiah Garrison. 
 John B. Gaskill. 
 Richard Gaunt. 
 Wm. German. 
 Christopher Getsinger. 
 Christopher Gitney. 
 Jacob Giffens. 
 Albert Gilbert. 
 James Gillen. 
 Wm. GilBns. 
 C. C. Greany. 
 Charles Green. 
 W. H. Griffin. 
 Louis Grosskops. 
 William Grindrod. 
 John R. Grubb. 
 Mark H. Guest. 
 John Guice. 
 Alfred Haines. 
 Charles G. Haines. 
 Japhet Haines. 
 George F, Hammond. 
 Charles Hall. 
 Solon R. Hankinson. 
 Samuel P. Hankinson. 
 James Hanson. 
 Charles Haunans. 
 H. A. Hartranft. 
 Mahlon Harden. 
 William F. Harper. 
 George W. Hayter. 
 Samuel B. Harbeson. 
 J. T. Hazleton. 
 H. Heinman. 
 James Henderson. 
 William H. Heward. 
 Franklin Hewitt. 
 James T. Hemmingway. 
 Charles Hewitt. 
 Edward K. Hess. 
 Samuel B. Hickman. 
 George Higgens. 
 Ephraim Hillman. 
 C. M. Hoagland. 
 Gaudaloupe Holl. 
 William A. Holland. 
 Isaac K. Horner. 
 Count D. G. Hogan. 
 William H. Howard. 
 Baxter Howe. 
 Allen Hubbs. 
 Charles G. Hunsinger. 
 Presmel D. Hughes. 
 
 I. N. Hugg. 
 Sebastian Hummell. 
 Edward Hutchinson. 
 C. Innes. 
 Alfred Ivins. 
 Benjamin Ivins. 
 E. G. Jackson, Sr. 
 E. G. Jackson, Jr. 
 Thomas Jameson. 
 George Jauss. 
 William P. Jenkins. 
 James L. Johnson. 
 Alfred Jones. 
 
 B. F. Jones. 
 William Joline. 
 Charles Joseph. 
 Charles Justice. 
 
 C. H. Kain. 
 R. R. Kates. 
 Benjamin Kebler. 
 Frank Kebler. 
 Peter Keen. 
 Henry N. Killian. 
 J. W. Kinsey. 
 
 C. H. Knowlton. 
 Thomas W. Krips. 
 Joseph H. Large. 
 John R. Leake. 
 John Lecroy. 
 Charles Leonhardt. 
 George W. Locke. 
 R. J. Long. 
 Charles L. Lukens. 
 J. H. Lupton. 
 Valentine Machemer. 
 Edward Macloskey. 
 Edward A. Martin. 
 William P. Marsh. 
 John Mapes. 
 William Mead. 
 William Metcalf. 
 E. A. Meyer. 
 C. Meyers. 
 George Meilor. 
 C. A. Michener. 
 William B. E. Miller. 
 Jacob Miller. 
 W. D. Miller. 
 Samuel Mills. 
 William W. Mines. 
 Christopher J. Mines. 
 George Molesbury. 
 William Moran. 
 Edward More. 
 Richard Morgan. 
 
 John F. Moore. 
 S. H. Moyer. 
 Jacob L. Morton. 
 John Muir. 
 John J. Mnrphy. 
 Isaac Murray. 
 Charles Myers. 
 W. H. McAllister. 
 James McCracken. 
 Edward C. McDowell. 
 Hugh McGrogan. 
 H. M. Mcllvaine. 
 W. P. McKillip. 
 W.J.McNeir. 
 Lewis McPherson. 
 R. McPherson. 
 Jacob Naglee. 
 William Naphas. 
 Antonio Nosardi. 
 Robert O'Keefe. 
 John S. Owens. 
 Robert Owens. 
 Edward H. Pancoast. 
 James Pancoast. 
 Robert B. Patterson. 
 William Patterson. 
 E. W. Pease. 
 John B. Pepper. 
 Joel Perrine. 
 John Peterson. 
 D. E. Peugh. 
 Frederick Phile. 
 Samuel B. Pine. 
 William M. Pine. 
 Adon Powell. 
 John Powell. 
 John Portz. 
 J. B. Prucelle. 
 John Quick. 
 S. E. Radcliffe. 
 I. C. Randolph. 
 James A. Regens. 
 Philip Reilly. 
 Charles P. Reynolds. 
 Alexander Rhodes. 
 Benjamin F. Richard. 
 Andrew Ridgway. 
 Benjamin Bobbins. 
 Edward C. Roberts. 
 James Roberts. 
 Richard J. Robertson. 
 William B. Robertson. 
 Isaac Rogers. 
 John Rogers. 
 William H.Rogers. 
 
174 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 George F. Thome. 
 Wesley Thorn. 
 Thomas W. Thornely. 
 Alexander W. Titus. 
 Joseph Tompkins. 
 J. E. Troth. 
 Isaac C Toone. 
 Samuel Tyler. 
 Jacob M. Van Nest. 
 Albert Vansciver. 
 Joseph Wakeman. 
 Theodore F. Walker. 
 Charles Walton. 
 George Walton. 
 Joseph Welsh. 
 David Watson. 
 George W. WentHng. 
 Edward West. 
 Elmer M. West. 
 George Weyman. 
 Wilmer Whillden. 
 James Whittaker. 
 Samuel Wickward- 
 Amos P. Wilson. 
 G. A. Wilson. 
 Richard Wilson. 
 
 D. H. Wilson. 
 Calvin T. Williams. 
 George W. Williams. 
 William H. Williams. 
 John Williams. 
 Samuel Winner. 
 George Wispert. 
 John W. Wood. 
 Joseph Woodfleld. 
 Walter Wolf kill. 
 
 E. W. Wolverton. 
 Elijah Worthington. 
 C. M. Wright. 
 George B. Wright. 
 Henry 8. Wright. 
 Wesley T. Wright. 
 William Zane. 
 
 Thomas G. Rowand. 
 Sebastian Schaub. 
 Maurice Schmidt. 
 Christian K. Schallers. 
 James Schofield. 
 George W. Scott. 
 John R. Scott. 
 John M. Shemelia. 
 Edward M. Siemers. 
 John Simmons. 
 Benjamin F. Shinn. 
 Thomas Sheeran. 
 James Shield. 
 Charles Smith. 
 George H. Smith. 
 William W. Smith. 
 Charles S. Small. 
 Adolph Snow. 
 W. Souder. 
 Francis Souders. 
 Robert Sparks. 
 David C. Sprowl. 
 Alfred L. Sparks. 
 Abraham Springer. 
 George W. Stewart. 
 William L. Stevenson. 
 Thomas G. Stephenson. 
 .Samuel R. Stockton. 
 Thomas Stockton. 
 Henry Strick. 
 E. J. Strickland. 
 Thomas H. Stone. 
 Charles String. 
 George F. Stull. 
 George W. Swaney. 
 Crosby Sweeten. 
 William A. Tatem. 
 William F. Tarr. 
 Thomas S. Tanier. 
 G. R. Tenner. 
 Charles L. Test. 
 Leonard Thomas. 
 Benjamin Thomas- 
 Henry C. Thomas. 
 
 The Post meets every Thursday evening 
 in their own G. A. R. Hall, on Stevens 
 Street, below Fifth Street. 
 
 Colonel William B. Hatch was the 
 son of the late William B. Hatch, of Cam- 
 den. As a youth he developed a fondness 
 for military life. After his father's death 
 he visited Europe, and spent several months 
 in observation of the military systems of the 
 
 Continent. Upon the breaking out of the late 
 war he was appointed adjutant of the Fourth 
 Regiment New Jersey Militia, under Colonel 
 Miller, and served with that regiment iu 
 the three months' service. Upon the organ- 
 ization of the Fourth New Jersey Volunteer 
 Regiment for the three years' service he was 
 offered and accepted the commission of major 
 of the regiment, and very soon after was 
 commissioned lieutenant-colonel. With the 
 Fourth Regiment he served under Generals 
 Kearny and Taylor, and as a part of General 
 Franklin's division, Sedgewick's Sixth Army 
 Corps. He took an active part in the Peninsula 
 campaign under General McClellan. At the 
 battle of Gaines' Mills the Fourth Regiment 
 fought bravely for hours, but were finally 
 surrounded and captured by the enemy, with 
 his fellow-officers and companions. Colonel 
 Hatch was carried a prisoner to Richmond, 
 where for many weeks he sustained the 
 horrors of the rebel prison. After being 
 exchanged he rejoined his regiment, and soon 
 after was commissioned its colonel. His 
 commissions date as follows : Major of the 
 Fourth Regiment New Jersey Volunteers, 
 August 17, 1861 ; lieutenant-colonel, Sep- 
 tember 7, 1861 ; and colonel, August 28, 
 1862. He participated with his regiment in 
 the following engagements : 
 
 West Point, Va., May 7, '62 ; Gaines' Mill, Va., 
 June 27, '62; Manassas, Va., August 27, ]62; 
 Chantilly, Va., September 1, '62 ; Crampton's Pass, 
 Md., September 14, '62 ; Antietam, Md., Septem- 
 ber 17, '62 ; Fredericksburg, Va., December 13, '62. 
 
 In this last battle he fell mortally wounded 
 at the head of his regiment, while leading 
 them to the attack upon the enemy's works. 
 He was conveyed to the field hospital near 
 Falmouth, Va., where his leg was ampu- 
 tated. He died two days later, on December 
 15, 1862, and his remains were returned to 
 Camden and interred in the cemetery. To 
 such an extent had he gained the love and 
 appreciation of his command that they 
 collected in the field six hundred dollars, and 
 
THE WAR FOR THE UNION. 
 
 175 
 
 purchased and presented to him a beautiful 
 dapple gray horse called ±he "Grey Warrior," 
 which afterwards becanae the property of 
 General A. T. A. Torbert. This famous 
 horse died at General Torbert's home in 
 Delaware in 1882. 
 
 The Loyal Ladies' League. — Hatch 
 League, No. 2, L. L. L., auxiliary to Wil- 
 liam B. Hatch Post, No. 37, Grand Army of 
 the Republic, was instituted in Camden in 
 January, 1873, with forty-two charter mem- 
 bers. The object of the association is to 
 unite in fraternal bonds the families of 
 honorably discharged soldiers and sailors 
 who served during the Civil War, to aid the 
 Post in whatever way assistance may be 
 needed, and to aid in keeping sacred the 
 solemnities of Decoration Day. 
 
 In the interest of William B. Hatch Post 
 the League has instituted and held three fairs, 
 five bean suppers, one Japanese tea party, two 
 dairy-maid festivals, twelve sociables and 
 two fruit festivals. The proceeds of these 
 entertainments, amounting to three thousand 
 five hundred and twenty-nine dollars, were 
 paid over to the Post by the finance com- 
 mitttee of the League. In addition to this, 
 the League has presented the Post with a 
 large and valuable collection of relics from 
 the battle-field of Gettysburg, and has 
 assisted in purchasing and furnishing the 
 Post hall, on Stevens Street, below Fifth. 
 
 The following is a complete roster of the 
 League at this date (1886) : 
 
 President, Emma L. Devinney ; S. V., Emeline 
 Howe; J. V., Mary A. Stockton; secretary, Mattie 
 B. Garrison ; treasurer, Mary A. Guest ; chaplain, 
 Harriet G. Williams ; Conductress, Emma Rohr- 
 man ; Guard, Mary Elwell. . 
 
 Members. 
 Ida L. Achenbach. Lizzie Butcher. 
 
 Louisa Allen. Mary Jane Cooper. 
 
 Theresa Anderson. Elizabeth Cope. 
 
 Kate Baker. Mary E. Corcoran. 
 
 Fannie Bennett. Cornelia Cox. 
 
 Ellen Biddle. Emma Dease. 
 
 Rebecca Bovell. Rebecca Eldridge. 
 
 Amanda Butcher. Mary A. Elwell. 
 
 Mary Fenton. 
 Susan Franks. 
 Mattie B. Garrison. 
 Emma Gaskill. 
 Ellen Gleason. 
 Dilwinna Greenwood. 
 Anna E. Grubb. 
 Mary Guest. 
 Annie M. Hagele. 
 Mary E. Hankinson. 
 Sallie A. Hankinson. 
 Mary V. Hewitt. 
 Kate Holt. 
 Henrietta Holland. 
 Hannah Horner. 
 Emeline C. Howe. 
 Sallie D. Hugg. 
 Emmalvins. 
 Hannah G. Ivins. 
 Elizabeth Jobes. 
 Catherine Johnson. 
 Priscilla Johnson. 
 Annie E. Johnson. 
 Emily Kinsey. 
 Nellie Lane. 
 Annie Lang. 
 Arietta Lewis. 
 Mary E. Lupton. 
 
 Laura McNeir. 
 Elizabeth McLaughlin. 
 Imogene Meyers. 
 Ada Miller. 
 Ray Milliette, 
 Mary E. Moffit. 
 Rebecca Nelson. 
 Mary Parsons. 
 Mary Pine. 
 Elizabeth Portz. 
 Anna M. Quick. 
 Ruth Ross. 
 Emma Reigens. 
 Hannah Robinson. 
 Lydia Eoray. 
 Rachel Sinkinson. 
 Annie Smick. 
 Jennie Smith. 
 Maria F. Smith. 
 Amanda Stratton. 
 Fannie Strickland. 
 Minnie T. Summers. 
 Amanda Thomas. 
 Keturah Tenner. 
 Hannah Vanhart. 
 Sarah A. Wakeman. 
 Anna E. Walker. 
 Ellen Walton. 
 
 Amanda Mason. 
 
 Department Officers : Mrs. Anna E. Grubb, depart- 
 ment president; Mrs. Laura McNeir, department 
 secretary. 
 
 Past Presidents : Mrs. Sarah D. Hugg, Mrs. 
 Mattie B. Garrison. 
 
 The League meets every Tuesday evening 
 in Grand Army Hall, Stevens Street, below 
 Fifth Street. 
 
 William P. Robeson Post, No. 51, of 
 Camden (the first post in New Jersey com- 
 posed of colored soldiers), was instituted and 
 organized June 28, 1881, with twenty-five 
 charter members. 
 
 The following is a complete roster of the 
 Post at this date (1886) : Past Commanders, 
 W. S. Darr and W. A. Drake ; Post Com- 
 mander, Miles Bishop ; Senior Vice, Chas. 
 Jones ; Junior Vice, Ezekiel Jones ; Surgeon, 
 George Lodine ; Chaplain, August Westcott ; 
 Adjutant, Charles Accoo ; Officerof theDay, 
 Anthony Austin ; Officer of the Guard, George 
 Bishop ; Quartermaster, John C. Richard- 
 
176 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 son ; Quartermaster-Sergeant, Joseph Rice ; 
 Sergeant-Major, George H. Watson. The 
 other members are Jas. Wiltbanks, Nathaniel 
 Ingram, Wm. Ingram, Wm. M. Butts, Wm. 
 Smith, Hezekiah Wrench, Benj. Stewart, 
 Elijali Hammitt, Chas. Barnes, Shepherd 
 Pitts, Chas. Woolford, Elijah Pipinger, 
 Thomas Ryan, George F. Johnson, Charles 
 Ford. 
 
 The Post meets in Lee's Hall, corner of 
 Broadwaj' and Atlantic Avenue. 
 
 General William P. Robeson, Jr., 
 enlisted early in 1861, and was enrolled with 
 the first brigade of three years' troops which 
 left the State of New Jersey. On May 28, 
 1861, he was commissioned first lieutenant 
 of Company E., Third Regiment, New Jersey 
 Volunteers, General Kearny's First Brigade. 
 He was promoted to captain of the same 
 company August 13, 1862. While with the 
 Third Regiment he participated in the fol- 
 lowing engagements : 
 
 First Bull Bun, Va., July 21, 1861 ; Munson's 
 Hill, Va., August 31, 1861 ; West Point, Va., May 
 7, 1862 ; Gaines' Farm, Va., June 27, 1862 ; Charles 
 City Cross-Eoads, Va., Juue 30, 1862 ; Malvern 
 Hill, Va., July 1, 1862 ; Manassas, Va., August 
 27, 1862; Chantilly, Va., September 1, 1862; 
 Crampton's Hill, Md., September 14, 1862; Antie- 
 tarn, Md., September 17, 1862 ; Fredericksburg, 
 Va., December 13 and 14, 1862 ; Second Fred- 
 ericksburg, Va., May 8, 1863 ; Salem Heights, Va., 
 May 3 and 4, 1863 ; Gettysburg, Pa., July 2 and 3, 
 1863 ; Fairfield, Pa., July 5, 1863 ; Williamsport, 
 Md., July 6, 1863 ; Funktown, Md., July 12, 1863 ; 
 Rappahannock Station, Va., October 12, 1863 ; 
 Rappahannock Station, Va., November 7, 1863 ; 
 Mine Run, Va., November 30, 1863. 
 
 After the last-named battle he was pro- 
 moted and commissioned as major of the 
 Third New Jersey Cavalry, on December 28, 
 1863. He was promoted to lieutenant- 
 colonel of the regiment September 23, 1864, 
 and as colonel August 4, 1865, and received 
 a commission as brevet brigadier-general, 
 dating back to April 1, 1865, for gallant and 
 meritorious services in the battles of Five 
 Forks and South Side Railroad, Va. He re- 
 
 turned to his home in Camden after the war, 
 and became a member of William B. Hatch 
 Post, No. 37, G. A. R. He died August 18, 
 1881, and was buried at Relvidere, New 
 Jersey. 
 
 John Willi an Post, No. 71, of Glou- 
 cester, was chartered November 8, 1882, with 
 the following-named comrades : 
 
 Charles F. Lindsay. Samuel English. 
 
 William Butler. Aden W. Powell. 
 
 Thomas Black. James M. Chapman. 
 
 Richard E. Allen. John Harrison. 
 
 John E. Miller. William M. Lanagan. 
 
 Frederick Tyas. Benj. F. Upham. 
 
 John Kochersperger. Lewis H. Eiley. 
 
 John Lincoln. Wm. C. Hawkins. 
 
 Elwood Fisher. John Dayton. 
 
 Walter W. Larkins. Stewart Harkins. 
 
 William A. Cahill. John M. Eapp. 
 
 William Green. Joseph Cheeseman. 
 
 Archibald Wallace. James Stitson. 
 
 John O. Hines. Franklin Adams. 
 
 The officers were, — Commander, Wm. 
 Lanagan ; S. V. C, Stewart Hawkins ; J. 
 V. C, John Harrison ; Adjutant, John 0. 
 Hines, Surgeon, R. R. Allen ; Chaplain, 
 Elwood Fisher; Q.-M., John Kocher- 
 sperger ; O. of D., James. M. Chapman ; 
 O. of G., Lewis H. Riley; Q.-M.-S., B. F. 
 Upham. The Past Commanders have been 
 Wm. N. Lanagan, Wm. C. Hawkins, 
 Archibald Wallace, Walter W. Larkin and 
 the corps of officers for 1886 : G, R. R. Al- 
 len ; S. V. G, Frederick Tyas ; J. V. C, 
 Merrick Carr ; A., Charles M. McCracken ; 
 Q.-M., B. F. Upham ; Chaplain, Samuel 
 Barwis ; Surgeon, Wm. C. Hawkins ; 0. of 
 D., Lewis H. Riley. This Post has twenty- 
 two members. It was named after Brevet- 
 General John Willian, who enlisted as 
 second lieutenant in the Sixth New Jersey 
 Volunteers in 1861, and was promoted for 
 meritorious service. 
 
 Van IjEER Post, No. 36, of Glouces- 
 ter, was organized November 13, 1880, by 
 Department Commander Samuel Hufty. 
 The original officers were: P. C, John P. 
 Booth ; S. V. C, John W. Wright ; J. V. 
 
THE WAR FOK THE UNION. 
 
 177 
 
 C, Frank W. Pike ; O. of D., Alexander 
 Harvey; Q. M., William C. Hawkins; 
 Adjt, Benjamin Sands ; O. of G., John 
 McCormick. The Past Commanders have 
 been John P. Booth, John W. Wright, 
 Alexander Harvey, Lawrence Nutt, John 
 Graham, William Miller. The officers for 
 1886 are: C, Charles H. Barnard ; S. V. 
 C, James Cooney ; J. V. C, James McCaf- 
 ferty; Adjt., Benjamin Sands; Q. M., Wm. 
 Miller ; O. of D., William Gideon ; O. of G., 
 Alexander Ferguson ; Chaplain, John Berg- 
 man ; Surgeon, Christopher Ottinger. 
 
 The Post was named after Colonel John 
 P. Van Leer, who was first lieutenant of a 
 company of three months' men, enrolled in 
 Gloucester three days after Fort Sumter was 
 fired on, and on returning he was made ma- 
 jor of the Sixth Regimeni of the three years' 
 men, promoted lieutenant-colonel, and his 
 commission as colonel was on its way to him 
 when he was killed at Williamsburg. Geo. 
 E. Wilson, of Camden, is an honorary mem- 
 ber of this Post. He was captain in the com- 
 pany with John P. Van Leer, and was, like 
 his comrade, conspicuous for his bravery. 
 Quite a number of the comrades of Van 
 Leer Post rose from the ranks to positions of 
 trust. 
 
 Thomas H. Davis Post, No. 53, of 
 Haddonfield, received a charter July 16, 
 1882, and was organized a few days later, 
 with twenty members, at Clement Hall, in 
 that township. In the summer of 1884 the 
 Post purchased the Hillman School building 
 on Chestnut Street, and fitted it for a hall, 
 and in November of that year occupied it as 
 their place of meeting. 
 
 The officers at organization were, — 
 
 P.O., Henry D.Moore; S. V. C, Richard E. 
 Elwell; J. V. C, Henry McConnell ; Adjutant, 
 William F. Milliman ; Quartermaster, Walter 
 Wayne; Officer of Day, Peter K. Eldridge; Officer 
 of Guard, J. Collins Baker; Surgeon, James P. 
 Young ; Chaplain, R. W. Budd. 
 
 The Post Commanders who have served to 
 23 
 
 the present time have been H. D. Moore, R. E. 
 Elwell and James M. Latimer. The mem- 
 bership is about fifty, and the present officers 
 are, — 
 
 P. C, W. H. Oakley ; S. V. C, R. Wilkins Budd ; 
 J. V. C, J. O. Lee; Adjutant, R. E. Elwell; Quarter- 
 master, Gilbert L. Day ; Officer of Day, Richard 
 Plum; Officer of Guard, Patrick Haughey ; Chap- 
 lain, Samuel A. Bates ; Surgeon, Joseph P. Busha ; 
 Quartermaster-Sergeant, Alfred Anderson. 
 
 The biography and portrait of Colonel 
 Thomas H. Davis, after whom this Post was 
 named, will be found in the history of the 
 War for the Union. 
 
 Jacob Asay. 
 Miles Bates. 
 Robert Bates. 
 J. C. Baker. 
 
 Comrades. 
 
 James M. Latimer. 
 Henry D. Moore. 
 Jacob R. Miller. 
 Davis Marshall. 
 
 George H. Backley. 
 J. G. Bowker. 
 John William Boyd. 
 Joseph Biizby. 
 Richard Baxter. 
 Restore Crispin. 
 H. C. Cuthbert. 
 William Cobb. 
 Henry Day. 
 John Dowdrick. 
 William H. Fowler. 
 Josiah Fowler. 
 Hiram Fish. 
 Jacob Gehring. 
 George Harley. 
 I. K. Haines. 
 Alfred Hall. 
 Thomas Caldwell. 
 
 Thomas McManus. 
 Edward F. Magill. 
 G. Norton. 
 George M. Newkirk. 
 Isaiah Kellum. 
 Joel S. Perkins. 
 William Pittiuger. 
 William F. Milliman. 
 John B. Rumford. 
 Lewis Ristine. 
 Julius Smith. 
 Charles H. Smith. 
 J. R. Stevenson. 
 George Sloan. 
 O. B. Tiffiiny. 
 Walter Wayne. 
 William Wagner. 
 David D. Winner. 
 
 William R. Jones. 
 
 The Sons of Veterans is a society com- 
 posed of descendants of soldiers of the late 
 war. Camp No. 1, Sons of Veterans, of 
 Camden, was organized with nineteen mem- 
 bers, December 21, 1881, by Comrade Rob- 
 ert Crawford, first colonel of the New Jersey 
 Division. The object of the association is 
 to keep ever fresh and green the memory of 
 their fathers' sacrifice in the battles of the 
 Civil War. 
 
 The following is a complete roster of the 
 officers and members at this date (1886) : 
 
178 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Captain, Stacy Nevins ; First Lieutenant, 
 Samuel Gahan ; Second Lieutenant, E. E. Kiger ; 
 Quartermaster, L. R. Jackson ; Chaplain, Albert 
 Wolf; Orderly-Sergeant, Wm. Lafferty; Color- 
 Sergeant, George Nevins ; Sergeant of Guard, A. 
 R. Lease; Corporal of Guard, F. Fernandes; 
 Camp Guard, Harry Siberlist. 
 
 Members. 
 William D. Brown. E. E. Jefferies. 
 
 E. H. Bates. C. W. Jones. 
 
 John C. Cooper. C. E. McAdams, 
 
 Howard Cooper. James Myers. 
 
 Robert Crawford. A. Pfiel. 
 
 Frederick Fenner. George Reigens. 
 
 H. Horton. Wm. Sheridan. 
 
 Charles Walton, Jr. 
 
 The Camp hold their meetings in G. A. 
 R. Hall of Colonel William B. Hatch Post. 
 
 Sixth Regiment, National Guards. — 
 In 1869 there were but two military com- 
 panies connected with the State militia, one 
 in the city of Camden and one in Burlington. 
 By an act of the Legislature, approved in 
 March, 1869, the old militia system of the 
 State was abolished and a new law passed 
 organizing the National Guard. By an or- 
 der from headquarters the two companies 
 mentioned were constituted the Fifth Battal- 
 ion of the Third Brigade of the National 
 Guard of the State of New Jersey, and E. G. 
 Jackson was commissioned as major and as- 
 sumed command of the battalion. In 1870 
 three additional companies were immediately 
 formed and added to the organization, thus 
 constituting it a full battalion, and the fol- 
 lowing staff officers were appointed : Adju- 
 tant, Solon R. Hankinson ; Paymaster, Wil- 
 liam B. Sexton ; Quartermaster, Jacob Hill ; 
 Surgeon, H. Genet Taylor, M.D. ; Assistant- 
 Surgeon, J. Orlando White, M.D. ; and Chap- 
 lain, Rev. William H. Jeiferys. Adjutant 
 Hankinson resigned, and in January, 1870, 
 Daniel B. Murphy was commissioned first 
 lieutenant and adjutant of the battalion. 
 
 In August, 1870, another company was 
 organized at Atlantic City and added to the 
 battalion, thus creating a necessity for a reg- 
 imental organization, and, accordingly, the 
 
 Sixth Regiment was organized, and Colonel 
 James M. Scovel, Lieutenant-Colonel Wil- 
 liam H. Hemsing and Major Richard H. Lee 
 were elected field officers. The command- 
 ants of the regiment have been Colonel Wil- 
 liam J. Sewell, elected 1873, and Colonel E. 
 Burd Grubb, 1877. The field officers elected 
 in 1882 were : Colonel, William H. Cooper; 
 Lieutenant-Colonel, J. C. Lee ; and Major, 
 G. W. Smith. The regiment was called out 
 in August, 1877, to suppress the labor riots 
 at Phillipsburg, N. J., and continued on duty 
 seventeen days. Company K, of Vineland, 
 became a part of this regiment March 14, 
 1876, and Company E, of Woodbury, March 
 22, 1880. 
 
 The headquarters of the regiment is the 
 Sixth Regiment Armory, corner of West 
 Street and Mickle, formerly the opera-house 
 of Camden, which was bought by the regi- 
 ment June 9, 1883, and for which they paid 
 thirty-five thousand dollars. All of the 
 apartments of the armory are complete, neat- 
 ly arranged and handsomely furnished. The 
 field and staff officers appointed when the 
 regiment was first formed, in 1870, were as 
 follows : 
 
 Field Officers. — Colonel, James M. Scovel ; Lieu- 
 tenant-Colonel, William H. Hemsing ; Major, 
 Richard H. Lee. 
 
 Staff Officers. — Adjutant, Daniel B. Murphy; 
 Quartermaster, William M. Palmer; Paymaster, 
 William B. Sexton ; Surgeon, H. Genet Taylor, 
 M.D.; Assistant Surgeon, J. Orlando White, M.D.; 
 Chaplain, Rev. William H. Jefferys. 
 
 The field and staff officers for 1886 are, — 
 
 Field Officers. — Colonel, William H. Cooper ; 
 Lieutenant-Colonel, George W. Smith ; Major, Wil- 
 liam H. Stansbury. 
 
 Staff Officers. — Adjutant, George S. Counter; 
 Quartermaster, George G. Felton ; Paymaster, Na- 
 than Haines ; Surgeon, E. L. B. Godfrey, M.D.; 
 Assistant Surgeon, George T. Robinson, M.D.; 
 Chaplain, Clarence A. Adams ; Judge Advocate, 
 Franklin C. Woolman ; Rifle-Practice Inspector, 
 De Lancey G. Walker. 
 
 The line officers of the th ree companies of 
 Camden are, — 
 
THE ERECTION OF CAMDEN COUNTY. 
 
 179 
 
 Company B. — Captain, Robert M. Hillman ; 
 First Lieutenant, Jesse H. Carey ; Second Lieu- 
 tenant, William P. Mockett. 
 
 Comparay C— Captain, W. B. E. Miller; First 
 Lieutenant, Charles C. Walz ; Second Lieuten- 
 ant, John Miller. 
 
 Company D. — Captain, Charles S. Barnard ; First 
 Lieutenant, George C. Randall ; Second Lieuten- 
 ant, Charles H. Turner. 
 
 Gatling GujST Company B, of Camden, 
 was organized in 1878 under the new law pro- 
 viding for the organization of two companies 
 of infantry to be drilled in the use of Gatling 
 guns. Captain E. D. French was the prime 
 mover in its organization and the first com- 
 mandant. The membership was recruited 
 principally from old Battery B. The artil- 
 lery uniform was worn, and in addition to 
 the Catlings, the company was armed with 
 rifles and sabres. 
 
 John H. Piatt was elected first lieutenant 
 on July 24, 1879, and the first conspicuous 
 public display made by the new company 
 was at Grant's reception in Philadelphia, 
 December 16, 1879. In 1880 the company 
 participated in the State G. A. R. encamp- 
 ment at Bonaparte Park, Bordentown, and 
 took a prominent part in the sham battle with 
 their Gatling guns. Captain French resigned 
 on April 17, 1880, and Mr. Piatt was elected 
 captain and John J. Brown first lieutenant, 
 George C. Randall having been elected sec- 
 ond lieutenant on January 18th. Mr. Ran- 
 dall resigned in June, 1881, and Charles 
 Shivers, Jr., was elected to his position Oc- 
 tober 13th. Two weeks after this the com- 
 pany turned out in the Bi-Centennial mili- 
 tary parade with its Gatlings. 
 
 This command is attached to the Second 
 Brigade nnder General William J. Sewell as 
 the brigade commander. In September, 
 1883, Lieutenant Brown resigned and on 
 October Lst, Captain Piatt and Lieutenant 
 Shivers also resigned. Lieutenant-Colonel 
 D. B. Murphy was placed in command until 
 December 28, 1883, when its present efficient 
 commandant, Captain Robert R. Eckendorf, 
 
 was elected. The company was then recruit- 
 ed up to the legal standard. 
 
 Gattling Gun Company B occupies quar- 
 ters in the new armory adjoining the Cam- 
 den Battalion. 
 
 The following are its officers and mem- 
 bers: Captain, R. R. Eckendorf; First 
 Lieutenant, John R. Jones; Second Lieu- 
 tenant, G. Walter Garton ; First Sergeant, 
 Owen B. Jones; Second Sergeant, James 
 Dutfy ; Third Sergeant, Harry M. Dey ; 
 Fourth Sergeant, Harry Nichuals ; Fifth 
 Sergeant, Samuel Grovier ; First Corporal, 
 Louis B. Harris ; Second Corporal, Harry 
 Tobin ; Third Corporal, Ulie J. Lee ; Musi- 
 cians, David Mead, Charles Mead ; Privates, 
 Charles M. Baldwin, Harry F. Campbell, 
 Alonzo W. Powers, John J. Chambers, Wil- 
 liam Grover, David Ewan, Earnest Haines, 
 Leander Hyatt, George H. Beard, Thomas 
 F. Mingen, Samuel C. Grover, John Mul- 
 holland, Harry G. Rathgeb, Charles Enger, 
 Jacob Haines, Edwin Hillman, Webster Mc- 
 Clellan, Charles A. Fowler, James J. Duffy, 
 Charles H. Jeiferies, Frederick W. Kalt, 
 Harry D. Nichuals, William Lawler, Dal- 
 gren A.lbertson, George Middleton, John E. 
 Shannon, John Nixon, George H. Snowhill, 
 William H. Adams, J. R. Smyth, Ralph 
 Bond, Archie S. Royal, G. Parker Johnson, 
 Frank Smith, D. Harry Condit, M. A. Cole, 
 Frank T. Hayes, Charles P. Householder, 
 Samuel Donaldson. 
 
 CHAPTER XL 
 
 THE EEECTION OF CAMDEN COUNTY. 
 
 The first official meeting of citizens in the 
 county of Gloucester having for its object 
 the division of that county was held at the 
 house of John M. Johnson, in the city of 
 Camden, on the 16th day of February, 1837. 
 The object of this meeting was to consider 
 the propriety of petitioning the Legislature 
 
180 
 
 HISTOKY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEESEY. 
 
 to authorize the erection of a new county to be 
 compof3ed of the townships of Waterford, 
 Camden, Newton, Union and Gloucester and 
 to be called " Delaware." The deliberations 
 of this meeting did not result in anything 
 effectual, but that agitation on the subject for 
 which it met was kept up, is evident from 
 the decided stand shown in the resolutions 
 passed at a similar meeting held seven years 
 lat«r, on the 11th day of January, 1844, at 
 the Friends' school-house in Haddonfield, 
 where a large number of the citizens con- 
 vened in response to a notice. John Clement, 
 Sr., was chosen chairman at this meeting 
 and Thomas Redman, Jr., secretary. Rich- 
 ard W. Snowden, Jacob L. Rowand, and 
 David Roe were appointed a committee to 
 draft a series of resolutions, which were 
 adopted and read as follows : 
 
 "Resolved, that in the opinion of this meeting 
 the contemplated division of the county is alto- 
 gether useless and unnecessary and would be 
 highly oppressive, subjecting the inhabitants to a 
 heavy taxation on the one hand without any bene- 
 ficial advantages on the other, the county being at 
 present of a convenient size and form^ and the 
 public buildings already erected and in the centre 
 of population adequate to public accommodation." 
 
 The meeting, in another resolution, recom- 
 mended a county convention to be held at 
 the Woodbury court-house on January 22, 
 1844. Notice was given to that effect and a 
 convention was held on the day appointed, 
 John Clement, Sr., of Haddonfield, presid- 
 ing. A series of resolutions and a memorial 
 deprecating the division were presented and 
 adopted and a number of persons were ap- 
 pointed to attend the Legislature at Trenton 
 to present and support them. 
 
 The movement for a division had its friends, 
 who were not members of the convention 
 held, and who were endeavoring to accom- 
 plish the end desired. A bill was presented 
 to the Legislature, asking for the division of 
 Gloucester County by the erection of the 
 townships of Camden, Waterford, Newton, 
 Union, Delaware, Gloucester and Washing- 
 
 ton into a county to be called " Camden." On 
 the 6th of March, 1844, seventeen petitions 
 signed by three hundred and forty-two per- 
 sons and twenty remonstrances, signed by 
 one thousand four hundred and sixty-seven 
 persons, were presented, but the bill finally 
 passed both Houses and was approved by the 
 Governor March 13, 1844, and Camden 
 County took its place with the counties of 
 the State of New Jersey. In November, 
 
 1845, an effort was made, without success, to 
 return the townships of Washington and 
 Gloucester to Gloucester County. Later, 
 however, Washington (then including the 
 present township of Monroe) was returned 
 to Gloucester County. In December of the 
 year 1845 an ineffectual attempt was made 
 to re-annex all of Camden County, except the 
 township of Camden and part of Delaware, 
 to Gloucester County, and in September, 
 
 1846, to erect the townships of Franklin, 
 Washington, Gloucester and Winslow into 
 a county to be called "Washington." It 
 will thus be seen that the erection of the 
 new county of Camden caused considerable 
 agitation and discussion. 
 
 The public buildings of the county at 
 Gloucester (now Gloucester City), having 
 been destroyed by fire, an election was had 
 and the seat of justice was removed to 
 Woodbury in 1787. Public buildings erec- 
 ted at Woodbury, which, about 1819-20, 
 having become somewhat dilapidated, the 
 question of a change of location of the 
 county-seat to Gloucester again was agi- 
 tated among the people. Meetings were 
 held in the townships and in Woodbury 
 at different times. A petition was pre- 
 sented to the Legislature having this 
 change in view, whereupon a large meeting 
 of citizens convened at Woodbury January 
 17, 1820, at which remonstrances signed by 
 over one thousand six hundred persons were 
 read, and James Matlack, Joseph V. Clark, 
 Joseph Rogers, Isaac Pine and John M. 
 White were chosen to visit the Legislature, 
 
THE ERECTION OF CAIMDEN COUNTY. 
 
 181 
 
 present remonstrances and take measui-es to 
 prevent the passage of the bill. An influence 
 was brought to bear upon the projectors of 
 the bill and they asked permission to with- 
 drawtheirpetition, which was granted, the agi- 
 tation ceased, two buildings for county offices 
 were erected at Woodbury, and necessary 
 repairs made upon court-house and jail. Had 
 this change of county-seat then been made it 
 is probable Camden County would not have 
 been erected. 
 
 The act under which the county of Cam- 
 den was formed provided that after one year 
 from date of erection the location of county 
 buildings should be decided by a vote of 
 qualified electors in the county at such time 
 and places as the Board of Freeholders should 
 appoint. In accoi'dance with this act, the 
 freeholders, on April 7, 1845, set apart 
 August 12, 1845, as the day of election. 
 Prior to that time a county meeting was 
 held at White Horse Tavern, in Glouces- 
 ter township, for the purpose of selecting 
 and agreeing upon some town most suitable 
 in which to erect the public buildings. 
 Richard Staflbrd was chosen president of 
 the meeting ; Evan C. Smith, of Delaware, 
 Richard Thomas, of Camden, Richard W. 
 Snowden, of Newton, Joshua Peacock, of 
 Waterford, Joseph Budd, of Union, John 
 Albertson, of Winslow, John North, of 
 Gloucester, and Joel Steelman, of Washing- 
 ton, vice-presidents ; Jacob L. Eowand and 
 James D. Dotterer, secretaries. In accor- 
 dance with a resolution, five persons were 
 chosen from each township as a committee 
 and each township to cast one vote. This 
 joint committee was empowered to select 
 the most desirable town for the location of 
 the proposed buildings. The result of the 
 vote was nineteen for Haddonfield, ten for 
 Long-a-coming, and fewer votes for certain 
 other places. The meeting adjourned to 
 July 31st, of which meeting no account has 
 been obtained. 
 
 County Buildings. — The act establish- 
 
 ing the county provided that the courts of 
 the county should be held at Woodbury for a 
 year, and that a seat of justice should be 
 chosen by a vote of the people on the 1 2th 
 of August, 1845, and required a majority 
 of the total vote to establish the site. The 
 election was held with this result: Camden, 
 1062; Gloucester, 822; Haddonfield, 422; 
 Mount Ephraim, 33. There was no choice, 
 and then began a series of contests in the 
 Board of Chosen Freeholders almost without 
 parallel in the history of municipal bodies, 
 extending over a period of seven years, and 
 requiring the assistance of four elections by 
 the people, two legislative bodies and three 
 courts to bring it to a final result. There 
 were seven townships and one city, each with 
 two representatives in the board. December 
 2, 1845, the board appointed Joseph Kay, 
 Joseph Porter and Charles Kaighn a com- 
 mittee to obtain an act of the Ijegislature 
 to authorize the holding of another election. 
 This was done and the act called for two elec- 
 tions, at the first of which a majority was 
 requisite, and, that failing, at the second a 
 plurality would suffice. 
 
 The first was held April 28, 1846, with 
 the following vote : Camden, 963 ; Mount 
 Ephraim, 427 ; White Horse, 330 ; Chews 
 Landing, 93 ; Haddonfidd, 46. The scatter- 
 ing vote was sufficient to exceed Camden's 
 lead, and there being no choice, the second 
 election was held June 2d, with this result: 
 Camden, 1434 ; Long-a-Coming, 1498. This, 
 it was thought, would settle the controversy, 
 but Abraham Browning and Captain John 
 W. Mickle were members of the board, 
 while Thomas H. Dudley was clerk, and 
 they were fertile in expedients. The board 
 met at Long-a-Coming, June 15th, and at 
 once took steps to provide the necessary build- 
 ings at that place. A committee was ap- 
 pointed, and at once reported plans for build- 
 ings, and a site on lands of Jacob Leach. 
 The plans were,— a court-house of stone, 
 forty-five by sixty-five feet, with offices on 
 
182 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEESEY. 
 
 the first floor and court-room on the secon d 
 floor ; the jail, also of stone, forty-two by 
 forty-five feet, with five apartments or cells. 
 The cost of both estimated at seventeen 
 thousand dollars. 
 
 As they were about to adopt the plans and 
 advertise for proposals, a writ of certiorari 
 was served answerable to the Supreme Court. 
 The decision of the court favored Long-a- 
 Comiug, but the proceedings caused delay, 
 and it was March 8, 1847, before further 
 action was taken. At that meeting, held at 
 Long-a-Coming, a committee had been ap- 
 pointed with instructions to purchase the 
 Leach property, and to advertise for propo- 
 sals for the construction of the buildings on 
 the plans already adopted, when a prelimi- 
 nary injunction, from the chancellor, issued 
 at the instance of Richard Fetters and Dr. 
 Isaac S. Mulford, was served. The majority 
 appointed a committee to inquire into frauds 
 at the elections and to sue for damages, the 
 authors of the vexatious suits ; but as the 
 injunction was dissolved, no further steps 
 were taken in that direction. Frequent 
 meetings were held in out-of-the-way places : 
 EUisburg, Chews Landing, Cross Keys and 
 Blue Anchor, but seldom at Camden. 
 Another meeting was held at Long-a-Coming 
 February 12, 1848,. when bids for the erec- 
 tion of the buildings at that place were open- 
 ed as follows: Rush, $17,540; Joseph H. 
 Collins, $16,500; John K. Inskeep, $13,500 
 and the latter accepted. It seemed inevitable 
 that Long-a-Coming would become the county- 
 seat, but the alert friends of Camden had 
 procured an act from the Legislature calling 
 for another election by the people, contain- 
 ing this clause : 
 
 " That if at such election, no one City, Village 
 or Cross-roads shall have a majority of all the 
 votes polled, then Long-a-Coming shall be the 
 seat of justice." 
 
 The editor of the West Jersey Mail, Philip 
 J. Grey, Esq., visited the town of Long-a- 
 Coming with the Board of Freeholders, and 
 
 in the next issue of his paper said : " Our 
 trip to Long-a-Coming on Monday, under 
 the favorable auspices of pleasant weather, 
 good roads and agreeable company, was not 
 ' bad to take,' notwithstanding when we got 
 back in the evening we found a resting-place 
 quite as acceptable. This may be called the 
 sunny side of the picture, not to be looked 
 upon in a trip during either the November 
 or February term of the court. Indeed, we 
 cannot but think that our fine little county 
 has been 'knocked into a cocked hat' by 
 this extraordinary freak of the popular will, 
 the bitterest fruits of which are yet to be 
 tasted." 
 
 The election was ordered for April 11th, 
 and the result was thus tabulated and re- 
 ported to the board by County Clerk Thom- 
 as B. Wood, at the meeting held May 
 10th,— 
 
 For Camden. Haddonfield. Long-a-Coming, 
 
 Camden, North Ward, 144 5 6 
 
 Middle " 673 6 8 
 
 South " 442 16 
 
 Delaware Township, 199 185 3 
 
 Monroe " 139 149 3 
 
 Gloucester " 102 104 137 
 
 Washington " 80 8 143 
 
 Waterford " 41 63 172 
 
 Winslow " 59 17 233 
 
 Newton " 65 242 
 
 2444 
 
 795 
 
 705 
 
 Abraham Browning offered a resolution to 
 appoint a committee to " select a site in the 
 City of Camden," but it was voted down, and, 
 instead, one was appointed to investigate 
 frauds. This committee had a baflBing expe- 
 rience. July 7th they reported that their 
 counsel, James B. Dayton, advised them to 
 go to the Legislature for redress, and, March 
 19, 1849, they reported that the Legislature 
 advised them to seek redress in the Supreme 
 Court ; and again, December 3d, they ad- 
 vised " that the inhabitants of Camden Coun- 
 ty petition the Legislature to select a site for 
 the public buildings, in some suitable place, 
 at least five miles from the city of Camden." 
 
THE ERECTION OF CAMDEN COUNTY. 
 
 183 
 
 The majority resolved, if possible, to pre- 
 vent the location of the public buildings in 
 Camden, and nothing definite was done until 
 May 14, 1851, when Abraham Browning's 
 oft-repeated motion to " appoint a committee 
 to select a suitable site in Camden" was voted 
 down by the usual majority,— yeas, five; nays, 
 eleven, — whereupon SheriiF Garrett served a 
 writ of alternate mandamus, requiring them 
 to show cause why they did not provide build- 
 ings for the use of the county, and in Cam- 
 den, as directed by the election of 1848. 
 They answered the writ of the Supreme 
 Court by an adjournment. Meetings were 
 held, but nothing was done in this matter 
 until December 1st,, when Abraham Brown- 
 ing's motion was backed by a peremptory 
 mandamus and was adopted. This ended 
 the long struggle, with the exception of the 
 effort of John W. Mickle to locate the 
 court-house at the Woodlands, instead of 
 Sixth Street and Market, and the work of 
 providing the necessary buildings went on. 
 
 First Couet-House. — At the meeting of 
 May 3, 1852, plans prepared by Samuel Sloan 
 were adopted, and. May 12th, proposals 
 for the construction of the building were 
 opened. They were : Charles Wilson, |35,- 
 000 ; Roberts & Reeves, $26,950 ; Daniel A. 
 Hall, $26,800. The latter was accepted, with 
 Henry Allen, Samuel D. Elfreth and Joseph 
 Weatherly as bondsmen. 
 
 A plot of ground one hundred and ninety- 
 eight feet on Market, one hundred and eleven 
 ■feet on Federal, three hundred and fifty- 
 eight feet on Sixth Street and four hundred 
 and twenty-five on Broadway was purchased 
 of Abigail Cooper, for five thousand dollars, 
 and the building located midway between 
 Market and Federal, so that neither ferry 
 should reap undue advantage. Abraham 
 Browning, Samuel Norcross, John Wilkin.s, 
 John J. Githens, Joseph B. Tatem, Cooper 
 P. Browning, Benjamin Horner and Edmond 
 Brewer were the building committee, and, 
 March 19, 1855, they reported, "Little re- 
 
 mains to be done except the planting of trees 
 in and around the yard, and the paving of 
 the walks from the streets to the building, 
 the bricks for that purpose being on the 
 ground." 
 
 The final statement of their operations was 
 very full and clear, and gives the cost of the 
 building complete at $40,970.79, leaving cash 
 in their hands $187.03. The building, 
 however, was completed many months be- 
 fore the first court was held in it, being the 
 October Term, 1853, and the first case tried 
 in it was that of William Hope, the famous 
 ferryman, charged with assault and battery, 
 and in which Thomas H. Dudley appeared 
 for the State, having been deputized to act 
 as prosecutor of the pleas. 
 
 The building is of brick, rough-cast, fifty 
 by one hundred and five feet in length and 
 width. The first design included a dome, 
 but this was omitted in the building. The 
 jail, containing twelve cells, is in the basement, 
 below the level of the streets. The county 
 officers were on the first floor, the only ones 
 remaining being the sheriff and county 
 collector. The court-rooms are on the 
 second floor, while the third floor comprised 
 apartments for the sheriif and family, who 
 formerly resided in the court-house. Here, 
 also, is the celebrated iron cage, in which 
 alleged murderers are safely kept, before and 
 after trial. 
 
 The New Couet-House. — The want of 
 more jail room led to the erection, in 1875, 
 of the one-story, fire-proof, brick building 
 on Market Street, at a cost of seventeen 
 thousand dollars, and its use by the county 
 clerk, surrogate and register of deeds. 
 
 The unhealthy location of the jail and its 
 crowded condition caused protests and com- 
 plaints, and the project of a work-house out- 
 side the city was agitated. John H. Jones, 
 while a member of the Board of Freeholders, 
 gave the subject earnest attention. Nothing 
 was done, however, until 1878. 
 
 The board, in 1881, considered the ques- 
 
184 
 
 HISTOEY OF CA:\[DEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 tioii of a work-house, but finally deci- 
 ded to build a commodious jail, with all 
 modern improvements, on Federal Street. 
 Architect Gendell, of Philadel])hia, prepared 
 the plans, which embraced a group of sand- 
 stone buildings, prison, court-house and 
 county offices, covering the entire plot of 
 ground owned by the county ; the several 
 parts to be erected in detail as the demand 
 arose; and as a jail was an immediate neces- 
 sity, that \vas to be built by a tax levy of 
 
 THE NEW COUNTY COUKT-HOUSK. 
 
 forty thousand dollars for two vears, the 
 estimated cost being eighty thousand dollars. 
 In May, 1882, the first levy of forty thou- 
 sand dollars was made, and Edward S. King, 
 J(jhn Day, Morris Hallock, Joseph \j. 
 Tiiackara and Thomas McDowell were con- 
 stituted the building committee. In 188.3 
 the second levy of forty thousand dollars 
 was made and the building was approachin*!- 
 
 comjjletition when there was a change in the 
 Board of Chosen Freeholders, and with it a 
 change of plans. It was determiued to 
 change the jail, upon which ninety thousand 
 dollars had been sj)ent, and make of it a 
 court-house. Jiudolph U. Birdsell, James 
 Davis, Charles F. Adams, Wm. C. Clark, and 
 Samuel AYood were ajipointed the building 
 committee, and thirty thousand dollars were 
 a])pro])riated for the purpose. The altera- 
 tions were made and the first court was held 
 there in May, 1885. The final re- 
 p(jrt (_)f the committee was made May, 
 188(3, and the entire cost <>{ the build- 
 ing was found to be §129,762.18. 
 
 The design is to convert the old 
 court house into a jail. 
 
 TiiE County Almshouse. — The 
 first mention found on record relating 
 to the care of the poor of Gloucester 
 Comity is in the minutes of the i)ro- 
 ceedings of the justices and freehold- 
 ers, June 10, 17(]5, when Wm. Hugg 
 and Samuel Harrison were allowed 
 £,62 Kiy. 2'/. for repairs to the house. 
 In 1770 repairs were ordered, but no 
 mention is made of the location and 
 character of the l)uilding. In 1799 
 Samuel Cooper, James Hopkins and 
 James Stratton were directed to look 
 after a site, but failing to report, the 
 Board of Freeholders, in August, 
 1800, a2)poin(ed Samuel Cooper, Jas. 
 Hurley, John Hider, Samuel W. 
 Harrison, Amos Cooper, Wm. Ford, 
 Jas. Stratton, Jolui Collins, Richard 
 Wcstcott and Elias Smith a com- 
 mittee to purchase a site. The committee se- 
 lected one hundred and twenty-five acres of 
 land on the south side of Timber Creek, in 
 De])tford township, belonging to Michael • 
 Fisher. The consideration was $3333 33i 
 and tiie deed conveying the land to the Board 
 of Chosen Freeholders of Gloucester County 
 was dated December J 2, 1800. 
 
 A biulding committee was appointed, — 
 
G'-i-i^^^i^ i^ ^■^/i/:>tn^a-*^ 
 
THE ERECTION OF CAMDSIN COUNTY. 
 
 185 
 
 Samuel Cooper, Jacob Stokes, John Brick, 
 Amos Cooper, Samuel P. Paul, Euoch Allen, 
 Enoch Leeds, Thomas Somers, Elias Smith 
 and I^aac Tomlindon, — who contracted with 
 Edmund Brewer and John C. Morgan to 
 erect the almshouse for five thousand six 
 hundred dollars. In 1812 the freeholders 
 purchased two hundred and forty-eight acres 
 of woodland, near Williamstown, for the 
 purpose of .supplying the almshouse with 
 fuel. When coal was substituted and no use 
 of the woodland had been made for a number 
 of years, the ownership was forgotten, until 
 1882, when Timothy J. Middleton, then 
 clerk of the board, called attention to the 
 fact. In 1822 the adjoining farm of Jedediah 
 Morgan, about one hundred and sixty acres, 
 was purchased. The almshouse was enlarged 
 from time to time as necessity demanded. 
 The small building for the insane was built 
 in 1816. 
 
 Upon the erection of Camden County, in 
 1844, the two counties used the almshouse 
 jointly under direction of a joint committee 
 until 1861, when, under an act of the Legis- 
 lature, the property was sold, and the present 
 farm of one hundred and forty- four acres, 
 containing the buildings, together with the 
 woodland, was bought by Camden County 
 for $19,802. 
 
 Timber Creek is the dividing line between 
 the two counties, but an act of the Legislature 
 rectified the line so as to place the almshouse 
 farm in Camden County. 
 
 A new almshouse was built in 1864, which 
 was enlarged in 1877 and again in 1881. In 
 the latter a hospital ward was erected sep- 
 arate from the main building, and so thus 
 arranged, the Camden County Almshouse is 
 regarded as one of the most complete in the 
 State. The farm and buildings, including 
 the Insane Asylum, are valued at ninety 
 thousand dollars. In the fall of 1 880 an 
 epidemic of typhoid fever broke out in the 
 institution, decimating the ranks of the in- 
 mates, including the steward, Isaac P. Wil- 
 
 son, who had filled the position from the date 
 that Camden County first took sole posses- 
 sion. The stewards have been Isaac P. 
 Wilson, 1861-81 ; Alfred Harris, 1881-86 ; 
 and Charles F. Adams. The annual cost 
 is about one thousand eight hundred dollars. 
 
 The County Insane Asylum. — The 
 County Insane Asylum was built in 1877, 
 under the law giving counties an allowance 
 for the care of its indigent insane. It stands 
 north of the almshouse, on the county farm, 
 is of brick, three stories high, with all the 
 best modern appliances for the care of the in- 
 sane, in the protection and cure of whom the 
 institution has been very successful. It has 
 been enlarged and accommodates over ninety 
 inmates. It is in charge of a matron, under 
 the supervision of a committee of the Board 
 of Freeholders. The net annual cost to the 
 county for maintenance is about ten thou- 
 sand dollars. The matrons have been : 1877- 
 85, Adelaide Stiles; 1885, Jennie Gardner; 
 1886, Mary Nichols. 
 
 Eandal E. Morgan, whose life has 
 been marked by great activity, both in jjub- 
 lic and private affairs, was born November 
 6, 1824, near Blackwoodtown, which was 
 named for one of his ancestors. He was a 
 son of Randal W. and Sarah (Eldridge) 
 Morgan. The former was the descendant of 
 one of three brothers, of Welsh origin, who 
 came to America some time between 1660 
 and 1670, one settling in New Jersey, one 
 in Connecticut and the third in Virginia. 
 Our subject's mother was of an old family of 
 Friends, and thus his ancestry in America 
 has been upon both sides quite ancient. 
 
 Mr. Morgan's youth was spent upon the 
 farm where he was born, and his early edu- 
 cation received in the schools of the neigh- 
 borhood, though he subsequently attended a 
 select school at Woodbury. As he grew to 
 manhood his industrious habits and good 
 character were recognized, and he was grad- 
 ually raised into prominence by his fellow- 
 citizens. In 1855 he was elected a free- 
 
186 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 holder, and at the same time held the offices 
 of trustee of the almshouse and treasurer of the 
 same institution. After holding various minor 
 offices, he was elected treasurer of Camden 
 County, upon the Republican ticket, in 1861 
 (Washington township, the place of his resi- 
 dence, then being a part of Camden County, 
 though subsequently returned to Gloucester 
 County). In 1864 he was re-elected, and 
 held the office for another term of three 
 years. During his six years' occupancy of 
 this position of responsibility and trust, cov- 
 ering the period of the Civil War, over two 
 million dollars passed through his hands. 
 At the same time he was a special collector 
 in his township of moneys needed for war 
 purposes, was on the committee to secure 
 substitutes, had several private estates to 
 settle, and attended to his large personal bus- 
 iness. In the fall of 1868 he was elected 
 sheriff, and re-elected in 1869 and 1870. He 
 did all of the work of the office, with the 
 assistance of his sons, and discharged the du- 
 ties incumbent upon him with the same fidel- 
 ity and promptness which had characterized 
 his administration as Camden County's 
 treasurer. In addition to the labor devolv- 
 ing upon him in this office, he served frequently 
 as deputy United States marshal, sometimes in 
 quite important matters. In 1875 he was 
 appointed by the Council as city treasurer, to 
 fill the unexpired term caused by the death 
 of Captain Hufty. Most of his time since 
 1871, however, has been employed in exten- 
 sive building operations, and he has erected 
 in Camden about two hundred buildings, 
 principally dwelling-houses. Of these he 
 has sold the greater proportion. His ener- 
 gies have also found exercise in various other 
 occupations, and he has been constantly busy 
 in some line of enterprise. His career forms 
 a remarkable illustration of what industrv 
 and integrity may accomplish in private and 
 public life. 
 
 Mr. Morgan's religious affiliation is with 
 the I'resbyterian Church. He was chosen 
 
 an elder in his home church when only thir- 
 ty-one years old ; retained the office until 
 coming to Camden, and is now a trustee of 
 the First Presbyterian Church of that city. 
 
 He has been twice married. His first wife, 
 with whom he was united June 10, 1847, 
 was Mary Josephine Willard. She died 
 August 30, 1881, having been the mother of 
 seven children, five of whom survived her. 
 These were Randal W., Eli B., Mary E., 
 Joseph Willard, Sallie (died in infancy), Ella 
 (died iu 1872, aged thirteen years) and Car- 
 rie W. 
 
 Randal W. Morgan, the eldest, was a mid- 
 shipman, but subsequently retired from the 
 service, studied medicine, carried on a drug- 
 store in Camden, was vaccine physician and 
 county physician. His health failed, and he 
 went twice to Europe for its benefit, and 
 died at sea on his return voyage, Octoljer 20, 
 1884. 
 
 Eli B. was a deputy in the sheriiFs office, 
 under his father, and subsequently under 
 other sheriffs ; then deputy clerk for five 
 years, and since 1885 has been engaged in 
 building operations. 
 
 Joseph Willard is a counselor-at-law, and 
 has been city solicitor since the spring of 
 1884. He was elected immediately after 
 attaining his majority, and is the youngest 
 man who ever held the office. 
 
 Mr. Morgan's second marriage, with Mrs. 
 Mertie C. Webster, daughter of Rev. Wm. 
 P. Maul, of Camden, occurred September 
 1, 1886. 
 
 CHAPTER XII. 
 
 CIVIL LIST. 
 
 The following list shows, as far as the 
 records have been preserved, the principal 
 officials of Camden County, the names of 
 Senators and Representatives in both Houses 
 of Congress, of State officials and of consuls 
 
CIVIL LIST. 
 
 ■187 
 
 to foreign ports. The date of election or ap- 
 pointment is given where it could be ob- 
 tained. 
 
 Dr. Marmaduke Burrough was appointed 
 United States consul to Vera Cruz, Mexico, 
 by President Andrew Jackson, in July, 
 1834. 
 
 George M. Robeson was Secretary of the 
 Navy in President Grant's Cabinet from the 
 resignation of Secretary Borie to the close of 
 Grant's administration, in 1877. 
 
 Thomas H. Dudley was consul to the 
 port of Liverpool, appointed by President 
 Lincoln, and served in the same position till 
 the close of President Grant's administration, 
 in 1877. 
 
 Gilbert Hannah was appointed by Presi- 
 dent Lincoln consul to Demerara, South 
 America, and died a few months after arriv- 
 ing at his post. 
 
 General Vickers was consul to Chili, going 
 there when General Kilpatrick was the Uni- 
 ted States Minister. 
 
 The attorneys-general of New Jersey from 
 Camden County were Abraham Browning, 
 from 1845 to 1850, and George M. Robeson, 
 from 1867 to the time of his appointment 
 as Secretary of the Navy. 
 
 John Clement, in 1864, was appointed 
 judge of the Court of Errors and Appeals, 
 and continues to hold the same office, by vir- 
 tue of which he is a member of the State 
 Board of Pardons. 
 
 The Presidents of the State Senate from 
 Camden County were, — 
 
 Jamee M. Scovel, 1866. Wm. J. Sewell, 1878-80. 
 
 Edward Settle, 1871-72. 
 
 The Secretaries of Senate from Camden 
 County were, — 
 
 Philip J. Grey, 1848-50. Morris E. Hamilton, 1862, '63." 
 
 Speakers of Assembly from Camden, — 
 
 G. W. M. Cnstia, 1869. E. A. Armstrong, 1886, '86. 
 
 Clerks of the Assembly from Camden,— 
 
 John P. Barker, 1859. Sinnickson Chew, 1872-74. 
 
 I Hamilton was appointed State Librarian 1884. 
 
 State Board of Assessors, — 
 
 Edward Settle. A. G. Oattell. 
 
 Rev. Dr. Isaac Wynn, in 1885, was ap- 
 pointed a member of the State Board of Ed- 
 ucation, and E. A. Armstrong, by virtue of 
 his office as Speaker of the Assembly, is a 
 member of the same body. 
 
 Henry Fredericks, in 1884, was appointed 
 a member of the State Board of Char- 
 ities and Correction for a term of four 
 years. 
 
 Dr. James M. Ridge, of Camden, served 
 as member of the State Board of Health. 
 
 Richard S. Jenkins served for a time as 
 State Commissioner of Fisheries. 
 
 Rudolphus Bingham was Trustee of the 
 State Industrial School for Girls. 
 
 Charles Wilson was State Prison Keeper 
 from 1873 to 1876. 
 
 Joseph Porter, of Waterford, was pres- 
 ident of the Legislative Council. 
 
 John S. Read served for several years, un- 
 til his death, as one of the commissioners of 
 the Morris Plains Asylum, and also as State 
 director for the United Railroads of New 
 Jersey. 
 
 Charles A. Butts is the present State di- 
 rector of the United Railroads of New Jersey. 
 
 In the succeeding lists the names of all 
 persons who have resided within the present 
 limits of Camden County, and who represented 
 Gloucester County in a national or State po- 
 sition, or who were elected or appointed to a 
 county office, are given, together with the date 
 of their election or appointment. Since the 
 erection of Camden County the complete roster 
 of the civil and political officers is furnished. 
 
 Ihiited States Senalore. 
 Alex. CattoU, 1866-72. Wm. J. Sewell, 1881-87. 
 
 Eepr&ientativee in Congress. 
 James Sloan, 1803-9. 
 Kiohard M. Cooper, 1823-33. 
 Andrew K. Hay, 1849-51. 
 
 State Senators. 
 Richard W. Howell, 1844. James M. ScOTOl, 1863. 
 
 Jos. C. Stafford, 1846. 
 John Gill, 1818. 
 
 John F. Starr. 1863-67. 
 Geo. M. Eobeson, 1879-81. 
 
 Thos. W. Mulford, 1861. 
 John K. Roberts, 1854-57. 
 Wm. P. Tatcm, 1860. 
 
 Edward Bettle, 1866-69. 
 Wm. J. Sewell, 1872, '75, '78. 
 Albert Merritt, 1881. 
 Kichai'd N. Herring, 1884. 
 
188 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEESEY. 
 
 Legislative Council. 
 John Baxter, 1819-20. 
 Joseph Kaiglin, 1823. 
 Ohris. Sicliler, 1827. 
 Joseph Kaighn, 1829. 
 John W. Mickle, 1830. 
 Joseph Kaighn, 1831, '32. 
 John W. Mickle, 1833-36. 
 Jos. Porter, 1839, '40. 
 Joshua P. Browning, 1843. 
 
 Memli&rs of the 
 Joseph Hngg, 1781. 
 Elijah Clark, 1782-83. 
 Elijah Clark, 1785, '86. 
 Joseph Ellis, 1787-94. 
 Joseph Cooper, 1795-97. 
 Thos. Clark, 1798-1802. 
 Isaac Mickle, 1803-6. 
 Kichard M. Cooper, 1807-10. 
 Isaac Mickle, 1811. 
 Samuel W. Harrison, 1814-16. 
 
 Members of the Assembhj. 
 
 Members from the surrender, iu 1702, who represented the province 
 of West Jersey, — 
 
 John Kay, 1703. Joshua Wright, 1704. 
 
 Joseph Cooper, 1703. John Willis, 1707. 
 
 John Hugg, Jr., 1703. John Kay, 1707. 
 
 John Hugg, 1704. Hugh Sharp, 1708-9. 
 
 John Kiiy, 1704. Jolin Kay, 1708-9. 
 
 ThoB. Lambert, 1704. John Kaighn, 1708-9. 
 
 Members from Gloucester and Camden Counties, — 
 
 John Kay, 1709-10. 
 John Kaighn, 1709-10. 
 Richard Bull, 1716. 
 Samuel Cole, 1721. 
 John Micklo, 1721, 
 John Mickle, 1727. 
 Wm. Harrison, 1727. 
 Wm. Harrison, 1730. 
 Joseph Cooper, 1730. 
 Joseph Cooper, 1738^4. 
 John Mickle, 1738-44. 
 Joseph Cooper, 1745, '46. 
 EUenezer Hopkins, 1745, '^ 
 Joseph Cooper, 1749. 
 Joseph Ellis, 1749. 
 Samuel Clement, 1754. 
 Samuel Clement, 1761. 
 Bobertr. Price, 1769-72. 
 John Hincliman, 1769-72. 
 Robert F. Price, 1770. 
 Isiuic Mickle, 1776. 
 Elijah Clark, 1777. 
 Isaiic Tomlinson, 1777. 
 Elijah Clark, 1778. 
 Joseph Ellis, 1778. 
 Isaac Kay, 1780. 
 Samuel Hugg, 1781-83. 
 Joseph Ellis, 1781-83. 
 Joseph Cooper, 1781-83. 
 Joseph Ellis, 1784-86. 
 Joseph Cooper, 1784-85. 
 Thomas Clark, 1787-88. 
 Joseph Cooper, 1787-88. 
 Joseph Cooper, 1789. 
 Abel Clement, 1789. 
 Joseph Cooper, 1790. 
 Samuel Hugg, 1790. 
 Joseph Cooper, 1791. 
 John Blackwood, 1791. 
 Joseph Cooper, 1792. 
 John Blackwood, 1792. 
 Joseph Cooper, 1793. 
 John Blackwood, 1793. 
 Abel Clement, 1793. 
 John Blackwood, 1794. 
 Abel Clement, 1796-96. 
 Abel Clement, 1797. 
 Samuel Harrison, 1798. 
 Joshua L. Howell, 1799. 
 Samuel Harrison, 1799. 
 
 Samuel Harrison, 1800. 
 Abel Clement, 1800. 
 Samuel W. Harrison, 1801. 
 Isivac Mickle, 1801. 
 Samuel W. Harrison, 1802. 
 Abel Clement, 1802. 
 Joseph Cooper, 1803-4. 
 Samuel Champion, 1805-6. 
 Jacob Glover, 1807. 
 Jacob Glover, 1808. 
 Joseph V. Clark, 1809. 
 Jacob Glover, 1811. 
 Joseph C. Sweet, 1812. 
 Charles French, 1813. 
 Charles French, 1814. 
 Samuel L. Howell, 1818. 
 Joseph Kaighn, 1821. 
 Isaac Mickle, 1822. 
 Joseph Kaighn, 1822. 
 BeDj. B. Cooper, 1824. 
 Benj. B. Cooper, 1825. 
 Charles French, 1826. 
 Joseph Porter, 1827. 
 John W. Mickle, 1827. 
 Joseph Porter, 1828. 
 John W. Mickle, 1829. 
 John Gill, Jr., 1832. 
 Joseph Rogei-s, 1833. 
 Joseph Rogers, 1834. 
 Samuel B. Lippincott, 1834. 
 Joseph Rogers, 1835. 
 Samuel B. Lippincott, 1835. 
 Joseph W. Cooper, 1836. 
 Joseph Porter, 1837. 
 J. W. Cooper, 1837. 
 Joseph Porter, 1838. 
 J. W. Cooper, 1838. 
 Elijah Bower, 1839. 
 Richard W. Snowden, 1839. 
 Richard W. Snowden, 1840. 
 Richard W. Snowden, 1812. 
 Thomas B. VVood, 1843. 
 Joseph Kay, Jr., 18J4. 
 John Redfleld, 1844. 
 Joel G. Clark, 1846. 
 Gorrard Wood, 1845. 
 Edward Turner, 1840. 
 Joseph B. Tatem, 1846, 
 John C. Shreeve, 1847. 
 John E. Marshall, 1847. 
 
 Jacob Troth, 1848. 
 Joseph Wolohon, 1848. 
 Chas. D. Hineline, 1849-50. 
 Thomas W. Hurff, 1849-60. 
 J. 0. Johnson, 1 851-52. 
 Joseph Kay, 1851. 
 Jonathan Day, 1851. 
 Samuel Lytic, 1852. 
 John K. Roberts, 1862-63. 
 Samuel S. Cake, 1853-64. 
 James L. Hines, 1 853. 
 Beiliey Barrett, 1854-65. 
 Evan 0. Smith, 1866. 
 John P. Harker, 1865-66. 
 Samuel Scull, 1856, '57, '68. 
 Joseph M. Atkinson, 1866. 
 Edmund Hoffman, 1867. 
 Samuel M. Thorne, 1867-58. 
 Zebedee Nicholson, 1868. 
 John R. Graham, 1850-60. 
 Joseph Stafford, Jr., 1859. 
 George Brewer, 1859. 
 Joel P. Kirkbride, 1860-01. 
 James L. Hines, 1860. 
 Daniel A. Hall, 1861. 
 Edwin J. Osier, 1861-62. 
 James M. Scovel, 1862. 
 Chalkley Albertson, 1862-63. 
 Samuel Tiitem, 1863. 
 Philander 0. Brinck, 1863-64. 
 Isaac W. Nicholson, 1864r-65. 
 John E. Bodine, 1864. 
 George W. N. Custis, 1866-66. 
 Thomas H. Coles, 1866-66. 
 Edward Z. Collings, 1866. 
 John Hood, 1867. 
 
 James Wills, 1867. 
 Chalkley Albertson, 1867. 
 Henry L. Bonsall, 1868-69. 
 William C. Shinn, 1868-69. 
 Thomas H. Coles, 1868. 
 Samuel Warthman, 1869. 
 Charles Wilson, 1870. 
 Isaac W. Nicholson, 1870. 
 Stevenson Leslie, 1870-71. 
 George B. Carse, 1871-73. 
 Isaac Foreman, 1872. 
 William H. Cole, 1872-73. 
 Chalkley Albertson, 1873. 
 Alden 0. Scovel, 1874^76. 
 Richard N. Herring, 1874-75. 
 Henry B. Wilson, 1874. 
 Oliver Lund, 1876-76. 
 Samuel T. Murphy. 1876. 
 Isaiah Woolston, 1877. 
 Alonzo D. Nichols, 1877-78. 
 Andrew J. Rider, 1877. 
 Edward Burrough, 1878-79, 
 Richard N. Herring, 1878-79. 
 Henry L. Bonsall, 1879-80. 
 Chris. J. Mines, 1S80-8L 
 John H. McMurray, 1880-81. 
 Robert F. S. Heath, 1881. 
 George W. Borton, 1882. 
 John Baraford, 1882. 
 Clayton Stafford, 1882-83. 
 Edward A. Armstrong, 1883-85. 
 John W. Branning, 1883. 
 Benj. M. Braker, 1884. 
 Henry M. Jewett, 1884-85. 
 George Pfeiffer, Jr., 1885. 
 
 Sheriffs. 
 
 John Baxter, 1815. 
 John Baxter, 1821. 
 Joshua P. Browning, 1835. 
 Mark Ware, 1841.1 
 Arthur Brown, 1844. 
 Levi C. Phifer, 1847. 
 Charles S. Garrett, 1860. 
 Wm. P. Tatem, 1853. 
 Edmund Brewer, 1856. 
 Charles Wilson, 1869. 
 John Cain, 1862. 
 Samuel D. Sharp, 1865. 
 Randal B. Morgan, 1868. 
 Henry Fredericks, 1871. 
 Jacob C. Daubman, 1874.1 
 Wm. Calhoun, 1878. 
 Theo. B. Gibbs, 1881. 
 Richard F. Smith, 1884. 
 
 Daniel Reading, 1680. 
 
 John Hugg, Jr. (deputy), 1691. 
 
 Thomas Sharp, 1692. 
 
 Joseph Tomlinson, 1695-90. 
 
 Matthew Medcalfe, 1700. 
 
 Jusiah Kay, 1711. 
 
 Samuel Coles, 1713. 
 
 Samuel Harrison, 1714. 
 
 Wm. Harrison, 1715. 
 
 Josiah Kay, 1719. 
 
 Samuel Coles, 1724. 
 
 Joseph Hugg. 1726. 
 
 Samuel Harrison, 1728. 
 
 Jacob Medcalf, 1733. 
 
 Samuel Harrison, 1742. 
 
 Joseph Blackwood, 1784. 
 
 John Blackwood, 1787. 
 
 Joseph Hugg, 1798. 
 
 Jacob Glover, 1803. 
 
 Mark Ware was sheriff of Gloucester County when Camden County 
 was formed, and by the provisions of the act erecting the county, 
 performed the duties of sheriff of the new county until the next elec- 
 tion, in November, 1844, when Arthur Brown was elected. 
 
 Thomas Sharp. 1686. 
 John Beading, 1088. 
 Richard Bull, 1704. 
 Thomas Sharp, 1714. 
 
 County Clerics. 
 
 Joseph Hugg, 1776. 
 Elijah Clark, 1781. 
 Elisha Clark, 1785. 
 Thomas B. Wood, 1844. 
 
 1 Under the constitution of 1844 the sheriffs were elected annually, 
 but custom gave them three years, and the amended constitution of 
 1875 extended tlie term to three years. Jacob 0. Daubman had 
 served one year, when the change was made, and in 1876 was elected 
 for the new term, making four years of continued service. 
 
CIVIL LIST. 
 
 189 
 
 Briij. W. Browning, 1849. John Cain, 1870. 
 
 JoBcpli Myera, 1869. Joel Kilkbrido, 1875. 
 
 Wni. P. Tateni, 1860. i Josepii Holling=lieacl, 1880. 
 
 George Brewer, 1860. John W. Browning, 1885. 
 
 Thomas M. K. Lee, 1865. . Edward Burroiigh, 1886. 2 
 
 Surrogatee. 
 Jacob Gloror, 1823-24. Mark Ware, 1854. 
 
 Samuel P. Chow, 1844. Isaac L. Lowe, 1859. 3 
 
 Isaac H. Porter. 1849. David B. Brown, 1866. 
 
 Register of Deeds. 
 (This ffBce was established in 1876). 
 George W. Gilbert, 1875. Robert V. S. Heath, 1885. 
 
 Jehu Evans, 1880. 
 
 Covnty Collectors. 
 
 Wm. P. Tatem, 1849-60. 
 
 Albert W. Markley, 1854. 
 
 Richard W. Snowden, 1867. 
 
 EandalB. Morgan, 1862. 
 
 Isaiah Woolston, 1868. 
 
 Isaiah Woolston, 1870. 
 
 Ezra Stokea, 1871. 
 
 Morris Hallock, 1883. 
 
 Nathaniel Barton, 1885. 
 
 J. Bngeno Troth, 1874-79. 
 John K. R. Hewitt, 1880. 
 J. Eugene Troth, 1881. 
 Jacob Jennings, 1882. 
 
 Timotliy J. Middleton, 1882-83. 
 Samuel D. Bergen, 1884. 
 Jonas S. Miller, 1886. 
 John Harris, 1 886. 
 
 Jacob Clement, 1715. 
 John Kay, 1717. 
 Thomas Sliarp, 1721. 
 Joseph Cooper, 1724. 
 Ebenezer Hopkins, 1750. 
 David Cooper, 1757. 
 Samuel Clement, Jr., 1764. 
 Samuel Nicholson, 1844. 
 Jacob L. Rowand, 1846. 
 John Clemeut, Jr., 1848. 
 
 The presiding officers of the Board of 
 Justices and Freeholders, and afterwards of 
 the Board of Freeholders, were, — 
 
 Elijah Clark, 1791. 
 Samuel Harrison, 1800. 
 Samuel W. Harrison, 1804. 
 Samuel W. Harrison, 1807. 
 Wm Zane, 1809. 
 Joseph Rogers, 1811. 
 Jaines Matlack, 1815. 
 Jacob Glover, 1823. 
 Samuel B. Lippincott, 1831. 
 Jacob Glover, 1832. 
 James Matlack, 1838. 
 John Clement, Jr., 1844. 
 Joseph Kay, 1845. 
 Jacob Troth, 1846. 
 Richard W. Stafford, 1847-63. 
 John D. Glover, 1854-55. 
 Richard W. Snowden, 1 866, 
 
 ClerJcs of the 
 Thomas Sharp, 1715. 
 Wm. Harrison, 1723. 
 John Kay, 1725. 
 Samuel Spicer, 1740. 
 Joseph Kaighn, 1748. 
 Joseph Harrison, 1756. 
 Samuel Clement, Jr., 1764. 
 Joseph Hngg, 1765. 
 Isaac Mickle, 1706. 
 Samuel Harrison, 1768. 
 Samuel Spicer, 1773. 
 Joseph Hngg, 1775. 
 
 Directors. 
 
 Joseph L. Thackara, 1857. 
 Thomas McKeen, 1868. 
 Joseph Porter, 1869-60. 
 Thomas MoKeen, 1861. 
 John S. Bead, 1862. 
 Charles Watson, 1803-65. 
 Joseph L. Thackara, 1866-67. 
 John J. Lawrence, 1868. 
 Charies Watson, 1869. 
 Samuel S. Cake, 1870-71. 
 Isaac W. Nicholson, 1872-80. 
 Morris Hallock, 1881-82. 
 Joseph L. Thackara, 1883. 
 Samuel Wood, 1884. 
 J. GrifBth Howard, 1885. 
 Samuel Wood, 1886. 
 
 Board of Freeholders. 
 
 Samuel Harrison, 1783. 
 John Blackwood, 1792. 
 Samuel W. Harrison, 1798. 
 Richard Snowdon, 1808. 
 Jacob Glover, 1818. 
 Thomas H. Dudley, 1844-47. 
 Thomas W. Mulford, 1848. 
 James B. Dayton, 1849 53. 
 B. Graham Clark, 18.54-66. 
 Alden C. Scovel, 1857-65. 
 Alfred Hngg, 1866-68. 
 Joshua L. Howell, 1869-73. 
 
 ^ Joseph Myers died in June, 1860, and William P. Tatem was ap- 
 pointed to act until the next election, when George Brewer was 
 chosen. 
 
 2 The Governor commissioned John W. Browning, but the Su- 
 preme Court ruled the oflice to Edward Burrough, who received his 
 commission February 26, 1886, 
 
 3 Isaac L. Lowe was elected in 1864 for five years. He died in 
 March, 1866, and D. B. Brown was appoiuted until the election, in 
 November, when he was elected, and re-elected in 1871, '70, '81. 
 
 The following is a list of the freeholders 
 who represented the city of Camden : 
 
 Fr 
 John W. Mickle, 1814. 
 John R. Cowperthwaite, 1844. 
 Charles Kaighu, 1845. 
 John R. Thompson, 1845. 
 John W. Mickle, 1846. 
 Charles Sexton, 1840. 
 John W. Mickle, 1847. 
 Richard Fettei-s, 1847. 
 Charles Sexton, 18i8. 
 Samuel Luniniis, 1848. 
 John « . Mickle, 1849. 
 Thomas B. Atkinson, 1849. 
 John W. Mickle, 1850. 
 John Sands, 1850. 
 
 eeh-jldei-s. 
 
 John W. Mickle, 1861-62. 
 Abraham Browning, 1851-52. 
 John W. Mickle, 18,53. 
 Charles Sexton, 1 853. 
 Charles Sexton, 1864. 
 Florance M. Bingham, 1854. 
 James W. Shroff, 1855. 
 Joseph T. Rowand, 1855. 
 John W. Mickle, 1856. 
 Wm. W. Cooper, 1866. 
 Thomas McKeen, 1857. 
 Jos. C. De La Cour, 1857. 
 Thomas McKeen, 18S8. 
 James Carman, 185,8. 
 
 One from each of the three wards,- 
 
 Samuel Andrews, 1859. 
 Josiah D. Rogers, 1859. 
 Augustus Stutzer, 1859. 
 John S. Read, 1860. 
 Josiah D. Rogers, 1860. 
 Augustus Stutzer, 1860. 
 ThoB. McKeen, 1861. 
 Samuel H. Morton, 1861. 
 Augustus Stutzer, 1861. 
 John S. Read, 1862. 
 Samuel H. Morton, 1862. 
 John W. Stutzer. 1862. 
 Charles Watson, 1863-64. 
 Henry Ourts, 1863-04. 
 Chris. J. Mines, 1863-64. 
 
 One member from 
 
 Charles Watson, 1871. 
 Cooper B. Browning, 1871. 
 James Elwell, 1871. 
 Wm. Scudder, 1871. 
 James Deno, 1871. 
 Wallace Cook, 1871. 
 John H. Jones, 1871. 
 Francis Boggs, 1871. 
 Sanjuel B. Garrison, 1872. 
 Edmund E. Read, 1872. 
 James Elwell, 1872. 
 Chris. Sickler, 1872. 
 James Deno, 1872. ' 
 Allen C. Wood, 1872. 
 .John H. Jones, 1872. 
 Vfm. C. Clarke, 1872. 
 Samuel B. Garrison, 1873. 
 Randal B. Morgan, 1873. 
 James Elwell, 1873. 
 Wm. Severns, 1873. 
 James Deno, 1873. 
 Allen C. Wood, 1873. 
 John H. Jones, 1873. 
 Wm. C. Clarke, 1873. 
 Samuel B. Garrison, 1874. 
 Henry C. Gibson, 1874. 
 James Elwell, 1874. 
 Wm. Severns, 1874. 
 David B. Kaighn, 1874. 
 Evan Miller, 1874, 
 
 Charles Watson, 1866. 
 George Brewer, 1866. 
 Chris. J. Mines, 1866. 
 Charles Watson, 1866-67. 
 Isaiah Woolston, 1866-67. 
 Chris. J. Mines, 1866-67. 
 Charles Watson, 1868. 
 Alex. A. Hammell, 1868. 
 John Goldstho-.pe, 1868. 
 Charles Watson, 1869. 
 Abner Sparks, 1 800. 
 James Deno, 1869. 
 Charles Watson, 1870. 
 James W. Wroth, 1870. 
 John Doyle, 1870. 
 
 each of the eight ward.s 
 
 Wm. Croesley, 1874. 
 Wm. Thompson, 1874. 
 David Baird, 1875. 
 Henry 0. Gibson, 1875. 
 James Elwell, 1876. 
 Wm. Severns, 1876. 
 Thomas A. Wilson, 1875. 
 Evan Miller, 1876. 
 Wm. Crossley, 1875. 
 Wm. C. Clarke, 187."). 
 David Baird, 1876. 
 John S. Read, 1S7C. 
 James Elwell, 1876. 
 Wm. Severns, 1876. 
 ThoB. A. Wilson, 1876. 
 Evan Miller, 1876. 
 Wm. CroBsley, 1876. 
 Benj. H. Thomas, 1876. 
 David Baird, 1877. 
 Wm. II. Cole, 1877. 
 Abner Sparks, 1877. 
 Wm. Severns, 1877. 
 Charles C. Motfett, 1877. 
 Kvan Miller, 1877. 
 ThOB. Sothern, 1877. 
 Benj. H. Thomas, 1877. 
 David Baird, 1878. 
 Morris Hallock, 1878. 
 James Elwell, 1878. 
 Wm. Severns, 1878. 
 
190 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Charles C. Moffett, 1878. 
 Evan Miller, 1878. 
 Joseph M. Boss, 1878. 
 Benj. H. Thomas, 1S78. 
 David Baird, 1879. 
 Morris Hallock, 1879. 
 Abner Sparks, 1879. 
 Wm. Severns, 1879. 
 Robert C. HiUman, 1879. 
 John Guthridge, 1879. 
 Wm. Simpson, 1879. 
 Peter Wise (Ist, colored), 1879. 
 Louis T. Derousse, 1880. 
 Morris Hallock, 1880. 
 Abner Sparks, 1880. 
 Wm. Severns, 1880. 
 John W. Branning, 1880. 
 John Guthridge, 1880. 
 ■Tames Kennedy, 1880. 
 Hugh Greenan, 188'^. 
 Edward S. King, 1881. 
 Morris Hallock, 1881. 
 Jesse Turner, 1881. 
 Timothy J. Middleton, 1881. 
 John Day, 1881. 
 Thomas McDowell, 1881. 
 James Kennedy, 1881. 
 Peter Postels (colored), 1881. 
 Edward S. King, 1882. 
 MoiTis Hallock, 1882. 
 Wm. H. Chandler, 1882. 
 John G. Miller, 1882. 
 John Day, 1882. 
 Thomas McDowell, 1882. 
 
 James Kennedy, 1882. 
 Peter Postels, 1882. 
 Edward S. King, 1883. 
 John C. Rogers, 1883. 
 Walter 0. Wartman, 1883. 
 Augustus F. Eichter, 1883. 
 John Day, 1883. 
 James Mitchell, 1883. 
 Elwood Kemble, 1883. 
 John Schause, 1883. 
 Charles F. Adams, 1884. 
 John Wells, 1884. 
 Abner Sparks, 1884. 
 Rudolph W. Birdsell, 1884. 
 John Day, 1884. 
 James Mitchell, 1884. 
 John Blowe, 1884. 
 Wm. C. Clarke, 1884. 
 J. Griffith Howard, 1885. 
 John Wells, 1886. 
 Edward Mills, 1885. 
 Charles G. Barto, 1885. 
 Thomaa A. Wilson, 1885. 
 James M. Fitzgerald, 1885. 
 Richard Hyde, 1885. 
 Wm. 0. Clarke, 1885. 
 John M. Powell, 1886. 
 Abram L. Thorn, 1886. 
 Joseph L. Moore, 1886. 
 Charles G. Barto, 1886. 
 Thos. Gordon, 1886. 
 Isaac Sharp, 1886. 
 Joseph A. Starr, 1886. 
 Wm. C. Clarke, 1886. 
 
 The following is a list of the names of the 
 freeholders of Newton township from 1723 
 to 1821. There is no record prior to that 
 
 Freeholders from Newton Toivnship. 
 
 Joseph Cooiier, 1724. 
 Thos. Sharp, 1724. 
 John Kay, 1725. 
 John Kaighne, 1725. 
 John Hinchman, 1726. 
 Wm. Cooper, 1726. 
 Joseph Cooper, 1727. 
 Joseph Cooper, Jr., 1727. 
 Robert Zane, 1728. 
 John Kaighn, 1728. 
 Wm. Cooper, 1729. 
 John Kaighn, 1729. 
 Robert Zane, 1730. 
 John Kaighn, 1730. 
 Robert Zane, 1731. 
 John Kaighn, 1731. 
 Robert Zane, 1732. 
 John Kaighn, 1732. 
 Tobias HoUoway, 1733. 
 Joseph Kaighn, 1733. 
 James Hinchman, 1734. 
 Timothy Matlack, 1734. 
 Joseph Kaighn, 1735. 
 Isaac Cooper, 1735. 
 Timothy Matlack, 1736. 
 Joseph Kaighn, 1736. 
 Timothy Matlack, 1737. 
 Joseph Kaighn, 1737. 
 Timothy Matlack, 1738. 
 James Hinchman, 1738. 
 
 Joseph Kaighn, 1739. 
 James Hinchman, 1739. 
 Timothy Matlack, 1740. 
 Robert Hubbs, 1740. 
 Isaac Cooper, 1741. 
 Ebenezer Hopkins, 1741, 
 Robert Stephens, 1742. 
 Ebenezer Hopkins, 1742. 
 Rubert Stephens, 1743. 
 Ebeneeer Hopkins, 1743. 
 Timothy Matlack, 1744. 
 Joseph Ellis, 1744. 
 Timothy Matlack, 1745. 
 Samuel Clement, 174.5. 
 Samuel Clement, 1746. 
 Isaac Smith, 1746, 
 Robert Stephens, 1747. 
 Joseph Ellis, 1747. 
 Robert Stephens, 1748. 
 Samuel Clement, 1748. 
 Robert Stephens, 1749. 
 Ebenezer Hopkins, 1749. 
 Ebenezer Hopkins, 1750-51, 
 Robert Stephens, 1750-61. 
 Ebenezer Hopkins, 1752. 
 Isaac AlbertMon, 1752. 
 Ebenezer Hopkins, 1753. 
 Isaac Cooper, 1763. 
 Ebenezer Hopkins, 1764. 
 Robert Stephens, 1764. 
 
 Ebenezer Hopkins, 1755-66. 
 Isaac Cooper, 1765-56. 
 Joseph Ellis, 1757. 
 Archibald Mickle, 1757. 
 Isaac Mickle, 1758-59. 
 Jacob Clement, 1758-69. 
 Isaac Mickle, 1760-61. 
 John Hopkins, 1760-61. 
 John Gill, 1702. 
 Joseph Cooper, 1762. 
 John Gill, 1763. 
 David Bronson, 1763. 
 Isaac Mickle, 1764-65. 
 Samuel Clement, Jr., 1764-65. 
 David Branson, 1766-76. 
 Isaac Meckle, 1766-76. 
 John Gill, 1777. 
 John B. Hopkins, 1777. 
 John Gill, 1778. 
 Jacob Stokes, 1778. 
 Jacob Stokes, 1779. 
 Joseph Cooper, 1779. 
 Isaac Mickle, 1780. 
 JohnLitle, 1780. 
 Isaac Mickle, 1781. 
 John Middleton, 1781. 
 Joseph Cooper, 1782-83. 
 John Middleton, 1782-83. 
 John Gill, 1784-85. 
 John Middleton, 1784-85. 
 John GIU, 1786. 
 
 J. E. Hopkins, 1786. 
 J..hn Gill, 1787-88. 
 Edward Gibbs, 1787-88. 
 Marmaduke Cooper, 1789-91. 
 Edward Oibbs, 1789-91. 
 James Sloan, 1791-93. 
 Samuel Cooper, 1792-93. 
 James Sloan, 1794. 
 John B. Hopkins, 1794. 
 John E. Hopkins, 1795-97. 
 Joseph Mickle, 1796-97. 
 James Hopkins, 1798-99. 
 Jacob Stokes, 1798-99. 
 Jacob Stokes. 1800-2. 
 Marmaduke Burr, 1803. 
 James Hurley, 1800-2. 
 John Ward, 1803. 
 Jacob stokes, 1804-6. 
 James Hurley, 1804-6. 
 James Hurley, 1807-10. 
 Samuel Clement, 1807-10. 
 James Hurley, 1811-15. 
 Joseph Kaighn, 1811-15. 
 Joseph Kaighn, 1816. 
 Wm. E. Roberts, 1816. 
 Joseph Kaighn, 1817-19. 
 .Tames Hurley, 1817-19. 
 John Roberts, 1820. 
 James Cooper, 1820. 
 Joseph Kaighn, 1821. 
 John Roberts, 1821. 
 
 The records of the township from 1821 to 
 about 1870 are missing. The following are 
 the names of the freeholders from 1844 to 
 1865, when Haddou township was erected: 
 
 John Clement, 1844-45. 
 Samuel M. Reeves, 1844-45. 
 Samuel M, Beeves, 1846-54. 
 Joseph B. Tatem, 1846-54. 
 Richard W. Snowdon, 1855-56. 
 Samuel M. Hinchman, 1855-66. 
 
 Jesse W. Starr, 1867. 
 William D. Rogers, 1857.. 
 Jesse W. Starr, 1868. 
 Samuel S. Willits, 1868. 
 Samuel S. Willits, 1859-66. 
 
 The following persons represented the re- 
 maining part of Newton township until its 
 annexation to Camden, in 1871 : 
 
 Henry Davis, 1865. 
 Michael Creely, 1866. 
 
 Henry Davis, 1867-68. 
 Thomas Q. Moffett, 1869-70. 
 
 Haddon township was represented by 
 Richard Snowdon from its organization, in 
 1867, until his death, in January, 1883; 
 since that time Samuel Wood has occupied 
 the position. 
 
 1844.- 
 
 Freeholdera of Union Township. 
 
 1845.- 
 
 -John D. Glover. 
 
 Abraham Lippincott. 
 -Edward C. Gibbs. 
 Abraham Lippincott. 
 1846.— Jonathan Williams 
 
 Edward C, Gibbs. 
 1847. — Abraham Lippincott. 
 
 1848 to 1854,— John D. Glover. 
 1848. — Alexander McKenzie. 
 
 1849 to 1854— Cooper P.Browning 1868,— Thomas Hallam. 
 1865 -Moses G. Boston, 1869.— Samuel T. Murphy 
 
 Joel C. Reynolds, 
 
 Mo- 
 
 1866 to I860.— Benjamin S. 
 
 Collister. 
 1856-57. — Alexander McKenzie. 
 1858.— John Redfleld. 
 1861.— Samuel T, Murphy. 
 1862 to 1865.— William S. McCol- 
 
 lister. 
 1866.— Samuel Tatem. 
 1867.^Benjamin S, McCollister. 
 
CIVIL LIST. 
 
 191 
 
 Gloucester City. 
 
 1870-71.— John C. Stinsou. 
 1872.— William Emery. 
 1873-74.— Samuel T. Murphy. 
 1875.— John C. StinBon. 
 1876.— Samuel T. Murphy. 
 1877-79.— James C. Dobbs. 
 1879-80.— Hugh J. Gorman. 
 
 1881.— Patricic Mealey. 
 FiratWard, 1^82. -Hugh Mullin. 
 First Ward, 1883-84.— Thos. Moss. 
 Firat Ward, 1885-86.— David J. 
 
 Doran. 
 Second Ward, 1882 to 1886.— Pat- 
 
 riclc Mealey. 
 
 Freeholders from Stockton Tovmakip. 
 
 Asa P. Horner, 1859. 
 John W. Potts, 1860-02. 
 William Carter, 180.3-65. 
 John J. Lawrence, 1866-68. 
 Joel Horner, 1869-73. 
 John W. Potts, 1874-76. 
 
 Joel Clement, 1877. 
 Jacob li. Gi-oss, 1878-80. 
 John L. Smith, 1881. 
 Asa P. Horner, 1882. 
 John 1. Smith, 1883-86. 
 
 Freeholders from Waterford Toumship. 
 
 John I. Githens, 1850-64. 
 Richard Stafford, 1850-54. 
 John I. Githens, 1865-60. 
 Joseph L. Thackara, 1855-56. 
 Nixon Bavis, 1867. 
 Joseph li. Thaclvara, 1857. 
 
 Joel P. Kirkbride, 1858. 
 Joseph Porter, 1859-60. 
 Joseph L. Thackara, 1861-67. 
 Samuel S. Cake, 1868-72. 
 Joseph L. Thackaia, 1879-84. 
 James C. Bishop, 1885-86. 
 
 Freeholders from Centre township, — 
 
 John D. Glover, 1855. 
 Cooper P. Browning, 1855. 
 John P. Brick, 1856. 
 Charles L. Willits, 1866. 
 Samuel P. Lippincott, 1858. 
 Zebedee Nicholson, 1858. 
 Abraham Kowand, 1860-62. 
 Benjamin Shivers, 1863. 
 
 Abraham Kowand, 1864. 
 Chalkly Glover, 1866-68. 
 James Bell, 1870. 
 Jos. M. Haines, 1872-74-76-78. 
 John Gill, Jr., 1880-81. 
 James Davis, 1882-84. 
 John D. Glover, 1885-86. 
 
 Freeholders from Gloucester township. The 
 early township records being lost, only the 
 
 names of freeholders elected in the township 
 since 1863 could be obtained, — 
 
 Richard F. Batten, 1863. 
 T. J. Wentz, 1864-65. 
 Joshua Sickler, 1866-67. 
 Charles Buckman, 1868-69-70. 
 Dauiel Turner, 1871-72. 
 Hiuchman Lippincott, 1873-74. 
 
 Jos. C. Lippincott, 1875-76. 
 Edward Rulon, 1877-78. 
 T. J. Wentz, 1870-80. 
 Henry Steward, 1881-86. 
 Benjamin Tomlinson, 1881-8e 
 George H. Higgins, 1881-86. 
 
 Merchantville was not entitled to a free- 
 holder until 1885, when a special act was passed 
 by the Legislature creating the office for that 
 borough. Charles B. Coles was elected in 
 1885 and Charles P. Spangler in 1886. 
 
 Freeholders from Delaware township, — 
 
 Jacob Troth, 1844. 
 Joseph Kay, Jr., 1844. 
 John M. Haines, 1847. 
 Benjamin W. Cooper, 1847. 
 Abel Fowler, 1848. 
 Aaron Moore, 1849. 
 Job B.Kay, 1851. 
 Benjamin Horner, 1851. 
 
 Asa P. Horner, 1866. 
 Isaac Roberts, 1858. 
 Richard Shivers, 1863. 
 Isaac W. Nicholson, 1870. 
 Hugh Sharp, 1881. 
 William Gratf, 1884. 
 William Graff, 1885. 
 
 Freeholders from Winslow township, — 
 
 Andrew K. Hay. 
 Jacob Ware, Sr. 
 Charles H. French. 
 Matthias S. Simmerman. 
 Ezra Stokes. 
 Samuel Norcross. 
 Joseph Shreve. 
 John J. Sickler. 
 Isaac S. Peacock. 
 
 Uzical Bareford. 
 John Carroll. 
 I. F. Bodine. 
 George R. Pratt. 
 Ziba Cain. 
 Andrew Ross. 
 Andrew P. Ware. 
 John B. Duble. 
 
 Camden City.... 
 
 Newton township 
 
 Haddon township' 
 
 Gloucester township 
 
 Union township 
 
 Centre township 
 
 Gloucester City 
 
 Delaware township 
 
 Stockton township 
 
 Waterford township 
 
 Winslow township 
 
 Washington township.... 
 
 Monroe township 
 
 Merchantville township.. 
 
 Total. 
 
 CENSUS OF CAMDEN COUNTY. 
 
 1850 
 
 9,618 
 2,421 
 
 3,378 
 3,284 
 
 2,578 
 
 1,639 
 1,540 
 
 25,422 
 
 1855 
 
 11,217 
 3,353 
 
 2,123 
 2,453 
 1,158 
 
 3,058 
 
 1,593 
 1,855 
 2,350 
 
 29,160 
 
 1860 
 
 14,368 
 4,055 
 
 2,320 
 2,865 
 1,305 
 
 1,602 
 1,473 
 1,955 
 1,800 
 1,307 
 1,417 
 
 34,457 
 
 1865 
 
 18,313 
 2,547 
 1,560 
 2,355 
 3,773 
 1,267 
 
 1,779 
 1,350 
 1,940 
 1,473 
 1,177 
 810 
 
 38,284 
 
 1870 
 
 20,045 
 8,437 
 1,926 
 2,710 
 
 1,718 
 3,682 
 1,625 
 2,381 
 2,071 
 2,050 
 1,567 
 1,664 
 
 46,193 
 
 1875 
 
 33,852 
 
 2,541 
 2,601 
 
 1,261 
 5,105 
 1,358 
 2,106 
 2,003 
 1,887 
 
 380 
 
 52,994 
 
 1880 
 
 41,569 
 
 2,551 
 2,527 
 
 1,538 
 5,347 
 1,481 
 3,093 
 2,145 
 2,158 
 
 439 
 
 64,818 
 
 1885 
 
 52,884 
 
 3,270 
 2,542 
 
 1,723 
 5,966 
 1,572 
 3,709 
 2,098 
 2,180 
 
 741 
 
 76,685 
 
 ' Haddon township was formed from Newton ; Centre from Union and Gloucester, in 1855 ; 
 Gloucester City from Union, in 1868; Stockton from Delawari', in 1859; Washington and Monroe annexed 
 to Gloucester County ; Merchantville was erected from parts of Delaware and Stockton, and Newton w:is 
 annexed to Camden, in 1871. 
 
192 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Census of Gloucester County 1732 to 1840 : 
 1737,3267; 1745, 3506; 1790, 13,363; 
 1800, 19,744. 
 
 
 1810 
 
 1820 
 
 1830 
 
 1840 
 
 Egg Harbor* 
 
 1830 
 1018 
 
 1035 
 1895 
 877 
 781 
 3281 
 269!l 
 1137 
 3113 
 
 2510 
 29li0 
 1424 
 1270 
 3599 
 2657 
 1574 
 3033 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IIKD 
 29Y8 
 2859 
 
 
 
 2570 
 
 
 2837 
 
 
 2077 
 
 
 3U63 
 
 3676 
 
 
 1545 
 
 
 17^6 
 
 "iusi 
 
 2059 
 
 662 
 
 2497 
 
 2332 
 
 686 
 
 3298 
 
 2837 
 
 GJoucester LOwnsbip 
 
 
 1863 
 
 
 3366 
 
 
 
 
 
 1074 
 
 Waterforrt . 
 
 2106 
 
 2417 
 
 3088 
 
 3467 
 
 
 
 
 19,189 
 
 23,089 
 
 28,431 
 
 25,446 
 
 
 • Sit off to Atlantic Oonnty, 1837. 
 
 David B. Brown, surrogate of Camcleu 
 County since 1866, was born in the village 
 of Blackwood, Camden county, on the 21st of 
 March, 1833. His grandfather, John Brown, 
 was a shoemaker, and according to the custom 
 of his day, passed from house to house 
 through the southern part of the county, at- 
 tending to the duties of his trade. 
 
 George Brown, the father of Surrogate 
 Brown, was married to Mary Beckley, whose 
 ancestors were Germans. His trade was 
 that of a wheelwright, though he spent much 
 of his time in shipping cord-wood to Phila- 
 delphia and there selling it. 
 
 Surrogate Brown obtained his education in 
 the schools of his native place, taught school 
 for a short time, and then engaged in farm- 
 work until he arrived at the age of twenty- 
 eight years. In 1861, when the call for 
 troops from the Northern States was made by 
 President Lincoln for the defense of the 
 Union, Mr. Brown was one of those brave 
 spirits who was quick to respond. He went 
 to Trenton with a companion and was en- 
 listed on May 21, 1861, as a private in Com- 
 pany D of the Third Regiment of New Jer- 
 sey Infantry. He and his comrade were the 
 last two needed to complete the company, 
 most of whose members were from Sussex- 
 County and the northeastern counties of 
 
 Pennsylvania. The regiment in which Mr. 
 Brown enlisted, together with the First, 
 Second and Fourth, formed the First Bri- 
 gade of New Jersey Infantry in the three 
 years' service and was sent to the defense of 
 Washington, was within hearing distance of 
 the first battle of Bull Run, though not 
 actively engaged. He participated with his 
 regiment in the Seven Days' Battle and other 
 severe engagements of the Peninsular Cam- 
 paign, under General McClellau ; was then 
 transferred up the Potomac River to Alex- 
 andria, where it engaged in a skirmish, and 
 subsequently, during the year 1862, the sec- 
 ond battle of Bull Run, the first battle of 
 Fredericksburg and the battle of Chantilly. 
 He was promoted sergeant of his com- 
 pany and in the severe engagement at Salem 
 Church, near Fredericksburg, he was severely 
 wounded by a rifle-ball fracturing the ulna 
 bone of his right forearm. While making his 
 way to the rear of his regiment, after receiv- 
 ing his wound, he unexpectedly fell into the 
 hands of the enemy, and placed in a Confed- 
 erate field hospital. While there his wound 
 was dressed, the ulna being removed by Dr. 
 Todd, of Georgia, a surgeon in the Southern 
 army and a brother-in-law of President Lin- 
 coln. At the expiration of eight days Ser- 
 geant Brown was paroled and first sent to a 
 field hospital, then to a hospital at Washing- 
 ton and later to Chestnut Hill Hospital, near 
 Philadelphia, where he filled out his term of 
 enlistment, and was discharged May 12, 
 1864. In the mean time, after his wound had 
 partially healed, he served on guard duty at 
 the hospital. 
 
 On May 5, 1866, Mr. Brown was ap- 
 pointed surrogate of Camden County by 
 Governor Ward, to fill the unexpired term 
 of Isaac L. Lowe, who died in office. He 
 was elected to the office of surrogate in No- 
 vember, 1866, and re-elected in 1871, in 
 1876 and in 1881, having served continu- 
 ously in the same office for a period of twenty 
 year.s, which in itself is a striking evidence 
 
J. 
 
 e<^^t/~z^ 
 
 cyO 
 
 S /3^ 
 
 yi^J—i>i^ 
 

CIVIL LIST. 
 
 193 
 
 of his ability and efficiency to perform its 
 onerous duties and of the confidence reposed 
 in him by his constituents. 
 
 Mr. Brown was married, in 1868, to Mary 
 Oliver, of Camden, though a native of Bur- 
 lington County, who died three years later. 
 In 1873 he was married to Mary E. Haines, 
 of Burlington County, by whom he has two 
 children, Bessie and George S. 
 
 Mr. Brown and his family are members of 
 the Methodist Church, and he is a member 
 of T. M. K. Lee Post, No. 5, G. A. K., of 
 Camden. 
 
 Egbert F. Stockton Heath was born 
 in the city of Philadelphia August 20, 1842, 
 and is a sou of the late Andrew Heath, well- 
 known as one of the first conductors of the 
 Camden and Amboy Railroad. His prepar- 
 atory education was acquired in the schools 
 of Philadelphia and Camden, and he then 
 entered the Philadelphia High School, from 
 which institution he was graduated. He 
 began business as an employee with the firm 
 of Thomas White & Co., prominent mer- 
 chants of Philadelphia, engaged in the job- 
 bing millinery trade on Second Street, above 
 Chestnut, and then the leading firm in the 
 United States dealing in that line of goods. 
 He continued with this firm until the death 
 of Mr. White, when Lincoln, Wood & 
 Nichols became the successors, and removed 
 the establishment to 725 Chestnut Street, and 
 Mr. Heath was given charge of the manu- 
 facturing department. Upon the dissolution 
 of this firm he became associated with P. A. 
 Harding in the same business, from 1861 to 
 1865, and then with Thomas Morgan & Co. 
 (Mr. Heath being the company) until the 
 death of the senior partner. 
 
 In 1875 he associated as co-partner in the 
 firm of G. P. Muller & Co., and engaged in 
 the manufacture of straw goods at 51 3 and 530 
 Arch Street, which firm dissolved by limita- 
 tion at the expiration of eight years, and Mr. 
 Heath, in 1883, began and has since continued 
 the manufacture of ladies' straw goods at an 
 25 
 
 extensive establishment, 915 Filbert Street, in 
 which he has about one hundred and thirty 
 workmen constantly employed. He has fifty 
 sewing-machines running, by which a!l vari- 
 eties of braid are sewed to the straw goods. The 
 sizing, blocking and finishing at his factory 
 are all done by steam-power, and the color- 
 ing and the pleating of the goods are done in 
 the works. A twelve horse-power engine 
 and a twenty horse-power boiler drive the 
 machinery, and long lines of shafting and 
 floors are used for heating purposes in the 
 drying-rooms. The manufactured goods are 
 sold in all the large cities of the Union 
 from the home office, through a branch house 
 in New York, and by resident salesmen in 
 Pittsburgh, St. Louis and Chicago. His 
 business career has been marked by con- 
 tinued success, and as a manufacturer his ad- 
 vice and opinions are frequently sought for 
 by others and his judgment considered good. 
 
 In 1881 Mr. Heath was elected by the 
 Democratic party to represent the First Dis- 
 trict of Camden County in the State Legis- 
 lature, and after serving with ability and 
 credit for one term, was offered a re-election, 
 which, on account of the pressing duties of 
 his own business affairs, he was compelled to 
 decline. At the solicitation of members of 
 both the dominant political parties, in 1885, 
 he accepted the nomination and was elected 
 register of deeds for Camden County, to 
 serve for a term of five years, a position 
 which he • now (1886) fills with great ac- 
 ceptance to his constituents. 
 
 In 1864 Mr. Heath was married to 
 Josephine, the youngest daughter of Captain 
 Constant Waithman. Their children are 
 Emma, Matilda (deceased) and Clara. The 
 entire family are members of St. Paul's Epis- 
 copal (Jhurch, of Camden, of which Mr. 
 Heath is a vestryman. He is a prominent 
 member of the Masonic fraternity, and of 
 the order of Odd-Fellows, and assisted in or- 
 ganizing the Knights of Pythias in New Jer- 
 sey, being the first Grand Chancellor of that 
 
194 
 
 HISTOKY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 order in the State. Under the old militia 
 system he was captain of Company C, of the 
 Second Battalion, under Col. McKeen, and 
 afterwards held the commission as captain of 
 Company B, of the Sixth Regiment, under 
 Col. W. J. Sewell. 
 
 Edward Burrough is a son of Joseph 
 A. and Mary H. Burrough, and was born 
 upon the farm where he now resides, 
 in Delaware township, midway between 
 Merchantville and Colestown, September 
 5, 1843. He is a member of the fifth gen- 
 eration who have been in possession of that 
 farm in continuous succession, and from reli- 
 able data is of the same family of Burroughs 
 that Edward Burrough, the eminent minister 
 of the Society of Friends (contemporary with 
 George Fox), came from. All of his ances- 
 tors on both sides were members of the 
 Society of Friends, and although by a pecu- 
 liar decree of their Discipline he is not a 
 member of it, yet his religious affiliations 
 remain with that society, under which 
 he was reared. He was given such advan- 
 tages for acquiring an education as the 
 district schools of his youth afforded, going 
 to school during the winter months and 
 working upon the farm during the other 
 portions of the year until he reached his 
 seventeenth year, when he was sent to the 
 Friends' Academy, at Haddoufield, for two 
 winters, and continued to work upon 
 the farm during the summer months. 
 In the fall of 1862 he entered Treemont 
 Seminary, at Norristown, Pa., and completed 
 his scholastic course in a five months' term. 
 Notwithstanding his hap-hazard opportuni- 
 ties, he has acquired a fair education, and he 
 still continues his studious habits. Mr. 
 Burrough was a strong Unionist during the 
 Rebellion, having imbibed from his ancestors 
 their abolition principles. On July 15, 1864, 
 he was one of the company of minute-men 
 who left Camden for the defense of Baltimore 
 under the command of Captain R. H. Lee, 
 and was mustered into the service of the 
 
 United States and assigned to duty at Fort 
 Dix, near the Relay House, on the Baltimore 
 and Ohio Railroad ; they were attached to 
 the First Separate Brigade, Eighth Army 
 Corps, under Major-General Lew Wallace, 
 General E. B. Tyler being their brigade- 
 commander. At the expiration of their term 
 of service they returned to Camden and were 
 regularly mustered out. 
 
 In the spring of 1865 his father died, which 
 event prevented his return to the army and 
 compelled him to at once begin the business 
 of farming, and although scarcely twenty-one 
 years of age, and loaded with heavy responsi- 
 bilities, he at once applied his energies to 
 lightening his burden and securing himself a 
 home. Being imbued with the idea that 
 farming in New Jersey was as honorable a 
 calling as any other pursuit, and that 
 farmers as a class should learn to honor their 
 business, he took an active interest in 
 organizing the '' Farmers' Association " of 
 this county in 1872, and has been an active 
 advocate of the many reforms instituted and 
 carried out by that association, among which 
 was the removal of the calf and stock mar- 
 kets from Philadelphia to Camden, which 
 was soon followed by locating a hay and 
 cabbage market on this side of the river. 
 He was also instrumental in bringing about 
 an amicable arrangement with the ferry 
 companies, whereby a reduction in the rates 
 on teams was secured. His activity in 
 these matters soon attracted the attention 
 of the farmers of Burlington County, and 
 against his wishes he was elected a director 
 of the Moorestown Agricultural Society, and 
 soon after its vice-president, a position he 
 resigned in the spring of 1886. He had 
 several years been a member of the execu- 
 tive couimittee of the State Board of Agri- 
 culture, and in February, 1886, he was elected 
 president of the Board, thus placing him at 
 the head of the agricultural interests of the 
 State. 
 
 In 1867 he was elected clerk of Delaware 
 
CIVIL LIST. 
 
 196 
 
 township, which position he held until the 
 fall of 1878, when he resigned upon receiving 
 the nomination for the Assembly, to which he 
 was elected for two terms. 
 
 In 1870 he was appointed an assistant mar- 
 shal to take the ninth United States census 
 of Delaware, Stockton and Haddon town- 
 ships. When the State was redistricted, in 
 conformity with the present public school 
 laws, he exerted himself to have proper 
 school facilities afforded the neighborhood, in 
 which he lived, and succeeded in securing a 
 district school, and was appointed a trustee 
 by the first county superintendent of Camden 
 and Burlington Counties (in which latter 
 county the school building is situated) ; this 
 position he resigned at the annual meeting, 
 but the next year, against his earnest protest, 
 he was elected a trustee, and still continues 
 in that position, and for the last five years 
 has been clerk of the district. 
 
 In 1873 he was appointed chairman of the 
 Centennial Committee of the West Jersey 
 Farmers' Conference Club, which committee 
 was also appointed an auxiliary Board for 
 Camden and Burlington Counties by the 
 Centennial Board of Finance. This position 
 brought him in acquaintance with those in 
 charge of this department of the great 
 Exposition and familiarized him with their 
 arduous duties, and the efforts put forth 
 by the citizens of Philadelphia to com- 
 plete the buildings and make the Exposition 
 a success. 
 
 In 1878, he was solicited by his political 
 friends to become a candidate for the Legis- 
 lature, and after considerable hesitancy con- 
 sented, and received the nomination of his 
 party in the first Assembly District, and was 
 elected by a majority of one thousand four 
 hundred and eighty-one, being the largest 
 majority ever given to a member of the As- 
 sembly in New Jersey. A redistricting of 
 the State followed his election, which placed 
 him in the Second Assembly district. And 
 in the fall of 1879 he was again nominated by 
 
 the Republicans, and although a decided off 
 year in politics, there being only his own and 
 the county collector's name on the ticket (and 
 the canvass consequently a very quiet one), 
 he was again elected by nearly four hundred 
 majority. His career in the Legislature was 
 without spot or blemish, and proved very 
 satisfactory to his constituents, and threw 
 him into the acquaintance of the prominent 
 men of the State of all parties, the respect of 
 whom he ever after maintained. Never of 
 robust health, he yet possessed a sort of 
 wiry constitution, which for twenty years 
 enabled him to perform the work of a much 
 stronger man. He eventually overrated his 
 strength, which brought on a series of heart 
 troubles that prevented him from performing 
 further manual labor. He became a candi- 
 date for the office of county clerk in the fall 
 of 1885. Always a Republican and an ac- 
 tive partisan, he yet never sought an office 
 until he asked the support of his friends for 
 the position above-mentioned. He was sin- 
 gularly successful in his canvass for the nom- 
 ination, and received the entire vote of the 
 convention. Owing to a combination of cir- 
 cumstances over which he had no control, the 
 campaign was an apathetic one and the vote 
 of his party a very small one. He, however, 
 was elected by a small majority, wdiich led 
 his opponents to perpetrate infamous frauds 
 to overcome his majority. Feeling confident 
 that he was fairly and legally elected, he 
 procured able counsel and prosecuted the 
 case to a successful termination, and on the 
 25th day of February, 1886, he was duly 
 commissioned and qualified as County Clerk 
 of the County of Camden, which position he 
 still holds. He maintains his residence upon 
 his farm, where it is his desire to end his 
 existence. 
 
 (In every position that he held he always 
 recognized the rights of all parties in his 
 official acts, maintaining that as they were 
 alike expected to obey the laws, they were 
 equally entitled to be heard ; that as an 
 
196 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 office-holder he was as much the servant of 
 the minority as he was of the majority ; 
 but upon strict party issues he was always a 
 firm adherent to the party to which he was 
 allied.) 
 
 On the 23rd of November, 1870, he mar- 
 ried Emily Collins, only child of William 
 and Martha Collins, of Moorestown, Burling- 
 ton County. No children have ever rewarded 
 their union, and they are obliged to remain 
 without the endearing prattle of childish 
 voices in their large country home. Edward 
 Burrough has but one sister, the wife of 
 the present Deputy County Clerk, and she, 
 like himself, is childless. 
 
 CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 the bench and bar of camden county. 
 
 Outline of Eaely Legal History of 
 New Jersey. — After the settlement of the 
 dispute between John Fenwick (who had ac- 
 quired of Lord John Berkley the undivided 
 one-half of New Jersey) and the creditors of 
 Edward Byllynge (February 9, 1674), steps 
 were taken by those interested to procure a 
 division of the territory. This was done by 
 a quintipartite deed, dated July 1, 1676, 
 made between the proprietors of East New 
 Jersey and the pro]irietors of West New 
 Jersey, which fixed the boundary. This 
 made two separate and distinct provinces of 
 the original territory, each of which estab- 
 lished a government of its own, with legis- 
 lative, judicial, and executive powers. The 
 proprietors and owners of West New Jersey 
 issued (March 3, 1676) their "concessions 
 and agreements " in forty-four chapters, 
 somewhat in the nature of a constitution, and 
 upon which all the laws passed by the legis- 
 lature should be based. These governments 
 were separately maintained until 1702, when 
 the inhabitants of both provinces joined in a 
 petition to Queen Anne of England, to as- 
 
 sume the government. The surrender was 
 signed April 15, 1702, and two days after 
 the Queen accepted it, and November 14th, 
 in the same year, appointed Edward Lord 
 Cornbury, Captain-General and Governor of 
 the Province of Nova Csesarea, or New Jer- 
 sey in America. 
 
 This was the commencement of a new 
 epoch in the history of the courts of New 
 Jersey ; and the commission and instructions 
 delivered by Queen Anne to Lord Cornbury, 
 as the first Governor of the new colony, 
 were, in fact, its second Constitution. lu these 
 instructions the attention of the Governor 
 was especially called to the laws which he 
 might find in existence, and concerning them 
 he is enjoined as follows : " You are with all 
 convenient speed to cause a collection to be 
 made of all the Laws, Orders, Rules, or such 
 as have hitherto served or been reputed as 
 Laws amongst the Inhabitants of our said 
 Province of Nova Cccsarea or New Jersey, 
 and together with our aforesaid Council and 
 Assembly, you ai'e to revise, correct and 
 amend the same, as may be necessary." 
 
 Concerning the passage of laws by the 
 General Assembly, it is remarkable that at 
 that early period a provision should have 
 been made in this Constitution, the omission 
 of which in the Constitution of 1776 was so 
 seriously felt, that it was introduced into the 
 Constitution of 1 844, and may now be found 
 in nearly all tiie Constitutions of the differ- 
 ent States of the Union. It is in regard to 
 the intermixing of different laws in one and 
 the same act, and is as follows: "You are 
 also, as much as possible, to observe in the 
 passing of all Laws, that whatever may be 
 requisite upon each different matter, be ac- 
 cordingly provided for by a different Law 
 without intermixing in one and the same 
 Act such Things as have no proper Relation 
 to each other ; and you are especially to take 
 care that no Clause or Clauses be inserted in 
 or annexed to any act which shall be foreign to 
 what the Title of such respective Act imports." 
 
THE BENCH AND BAK. 
 
 197 
 
 The provision of the Constitution of 1844 
 is evidently taken from the foregoing. It 
 is in these words : " To avoid improper 
 influences which may result from intermix- 
 ing in one and the same act such things as 
 have no relation to each other, every law 
 shall embrace but one object, and that shall 
 be expressed in the title." 
 
 In the matter of erecting courts or offices 
 of judicature, it is curious that the com- 
 mission of the Governor and his instructions 
 should be so much at variance. In the 
 instructions he is commanded as follows : 
 " You shall not erect any Court or Office of 
 Judicature, not before erected or established, 
 without our especial Order." In his com- 
 mission, on the other hand, we find as fol- 
 lows : " And do further give and grant unto 
 you full Power and Authority, with the 
 Advice and Consent of our said Council, to 
 erect, constitute and establish such and so 
 many Courts of Judicature and Public Jus- 
 tice within our said Province under your 
 Government as you and they shall think fit 
 and necessary for the hearing and determin- 
 ing of all Causes as well Criminal as Civil, 
 according to Law and Equity, and for 
 awarding execution thereupon with all 
 reasonable and necessary Powers, Authorities, 
 Fees, and Privileges belonging unto them." 
 
 By virtue, then, of his commission, which 
 conferred upon him and his Council jiowers' 
 hitherto enjoyed by the General Assembly, 
 the Governor promulgated in 1704 the first 
 " Ordinance of Establishing Courts of Judi- 
 cature," which really forms the foundation 
 of the whole judicial system of New Jersey. 
 " All that has been done from that day to 
 this," says Judge Field in his discourse be- 
 fore mentioned, " has been to fill up, as it 
 were, the outlines which he sketched ; to add 
 some additional apartments to the judicial 
 edifice which he constructed." 
 
 This ordinance, which was, perhaps, un- 
 known, certainly unnoticed, not only by the 
 historians of New Jersey, but by those who 
 
 have written upon its courts of justice, is so 
 interesting that it is here given in full, as it 
 appears in the appendix to Judge Field's 
 discourse, where it was printed for the first 
 time since its publication in 1704, — 
 
 An Ordinance foe Establishing Courts of 
 Judicature. 
 
 Whereas, her most Sacred Majesty, Anne, by the 
 Grace of God, Queen of England, Scotland, France 
 and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, &c., by her 
 Eoyal Letters Patents, bearing date the fifth day of 
 December, in the first year of Her Majesty's 
 Eeign, did, among other things therein mentioned, 
 give and grant unto his Excellency, Edward Vis- 
 count Cornbury, Captain-General and Governour- 
 in-Chief in and over the Province of Nova Casarea, 
 or New Jersey, &c., full Power and Authority, 
 with the Advice and Consent of her Majesty's 
 Council of the said Province, to erect, constitute 
 and establish such and so many Courts of Judica- 
 ture and public Justice within the said Province 
 and Territories depending thereon, as his said 
 Excellency and Council shall think fit and neces- 
 sary, for the Hearing and Determining of all 
 Causes, as well Criminal as Civil, according to 
 Law and Equity, and for awarding Execution 
 thereupon, with all necessary Powers, Authorities, 
 Fees and Privileges belonging to them. 
 
 His Excellency, the Governour, by and with 
 the advice and Consent of her Majesty's Council, 
 and by Virtue of the Powers and Authorities 
 derived unto him by her said Majesty's Letters 
 Patents, doth by these Presents Ordain, and it is 
 hereby Ordained by the Authority aforesaid, That 
 every Justice of the Peace that resides within any 
 Town or County within this Province, is by these 
 Presents fully empowered and authorized to have 
 Cognizance of all Causes or Cases of Debt and 
 Trespasses, to the Value of Forty Shillings, or 
 under ; which Causes or Cases of Debt and Tres- 
 passes, to the value of Forty Shillings or under, 
 shall and may be Heard, Try'd and finally Deter- 
 mined without a Jury, by every Justice of the 
 Peace residing, as aforesaid. 
 
 The Process of Warning against a Free-holder or 
 Inhabitant shall be by Summons under the Hand 
 of the Justice, directed to the Constable of the 
 Town or Precinct, or to any deputed by him, where 
 the party complained aga;inst does live or reside ; 
 which Summons being personally served or left at 
 the Defendant's House, or his place of Abode, four 
 days before the hearing of the Plaint, shall be sufii- 
 cient Authority to and for the said Justice to proceed 
 
198 
 
 HISTOKY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 to hear such Cause or Causes and Determine the 
 same in the Defendant's absence, and to grant 
 Execution thereupon against the Defendant's 
 Person, or for want thereof, his Goods and Chatties, 
 which the Constable, or his Deputy, of that Town 
 or Precinct, shall and may serve, unless some 
 reasonable excuse for the Parties absence appear 
 to the Justice. 
 
 And the Process against an Itinerant Person, 
 Inmate or Foreigner shall be by Warrant from any 
 one Justice of the Peace, to be served by any 
 Constable, or his Deputy, within that County, 
 who shall by Virtue thereof arrest the Party, and 
 him safely keep till he be carried before the said 
 Justice of the Peace, who shall and may imme- 
 diately hear, try and finally determine of all such 
 Causes and Cases of Debt and Trespass, to the 
 Value of Forty Shillings, or under, by awarding 
 Judgment and Execution ; and if payment be not 
 immediately made, the Constable is to deliver the 
 Party to the Sheriif, who is hereby required to 
 take him into Custody, and him safely keep till 
 payment be made of the same, with charges ; 
 Always Provided, That an Appeal to the Justices 
 at the next Court of Sessions held for this said 
 County, shall be allowed for any sum upwards of 
 Twenty Shillings. 
 
 And his said Excellency, by the advice and 
 consent aforesaid, doth by these Presents further 
 Ordain, That there shall be kept and holden a 
 Court of Common Pleas in each respective County 
 within this Province, which shall be holden in 
 each County at such place where the General 
 Court of Sessions is usually held and kept, to 
 begin immediately after the Sessions of the Peace 
 does end and terminate, and then to hold and con- 
 tinue as long as there is any business, not exceed- 
 ing three days. 
 
 And the several and respective Courts of Pleas 
 hereby established shall have power and Jurisdic- 
 tion to hear, try and finally determine all actions, 
 and all Matters and Things Tryable at Common 
 Law, of what nature or kind soever. Provided 
 always, and it is hereby Ordained, That there may, 
 and shall be an Appeal or Kemoval by Habeas 
 Corpus, or any other lawful Writ, of any Person 
 or any Action or Suit depending, and of Judg- 
 ment or Execution that shall be determined in 
 the said respective Courts of Pleas, upwards of 
 Ten Pounds, and of any Action or Suit wherein 
 the Right or Title of, in or to any Land, or any- 
 thing relating thereto, shall be brought into Dis- 
 pute upon Tryal. 
 
 And it is further Ordained by the Authority afore- 
 said, That the General Sessions of the Peace shall 
 
 be held in each respective County within this 
 Province, at the Times and Places hereafter 
 mentioned, that is to say : 
 
 For the County o( Middlesex, at Amboy, the third 
 Tuesdays in February, May and August; and the 
 fourth Tuesday in November. 
 
 For the County of Bergen, at Bergen, the first 
 Tuesdays in February, May and August; and the 
 second Tuesday in November. 
 
 For the County of Essex, at Newark, the second 
 Tuesdays of February, May and August; and the 
 third Tuesday in November. 
 
 For the County of Monmouth, at Shrewsbury, the 
 fourth Tuesdays in February, May and August; 
 and the first Tuesday in December. 
 
 For the County of Burlington, at Burlington, 
 the first Tuesdays in March, June and September; 
 and the second Tuesday in December. 
 
 For the County of Olouoester, the second Tues- 
 days in March, June and September; and the third 
 Tuesday in December. 
 
 For the County of Salem, at Salcin, the third 
 Tuesdays in March, June and September ; and the 
 fourth Tuesday i n December. 
 
 For the County of Cape May, at the house of 
 Shamger Hand, the fourth Tuesdays in March, 
 June and September, and the first Tuesday in Jan- 
 uary. Which General Sessions of the Peace in 
 each respective County aforesaid shall hold and 
 continue for any term not exceeding two days. 
 
 And be itfurtlirr Ordained by the Authority afore- 
 said, That there shall be held and kept at the 
 Cities or Towns of Perth Amboy and Burlington 
 alternately a Supream Court of Judicature, which 
 Supreap Court is hereby fully impowered to 
 have cognizance of all Pleas, Civil, Criminal 
 and Mixt as fully and amply, to all intents and 
 •purposes whatsoever, as the Courts of Quern's 
 Bench, Common Pleas and Exchequer within her 
 Majesty's Kingdom of England have or ought to 
 have, in and to which Supream Court all and 
 every Person and Persons whatsoever shall and 
 may, if they see meet, commence any Action or 
 Suit, the Debt or Damage laid in such Action 
 or Suit being upwards of Ten Pounds, and shall 
 or may by Certioniri, Ifuhea^ Corpus, or any other 
 lawful Writ, remove out of any of the respective 
 Courts of Sessions of the Peace or Common Pleas, 
 any information or Indictment there depending, 
 orjudgment thereupon given or to be given in any 
 Criminal Matter whatsoever cognizable before 
 them, or any of them, as also all Actions, Pleas or 
 Suits, real, personal or mixt, depending in any of 
 the said Courts, and all Judgments thereupon 
 given, or to be given. Prooided Always, That the 
 
THE BENCH AND BAR. 
 
 199 
 
 Action, or Suit, depending, or Judgment given be 
 upwards of the Value of Ten Pounds, or that the 
 Action, or Suit, there depending or determined, 
 be concerning the Eight or Title of any Free-hold. 
 
 And out of the office of which Supream Court at 
 Amboy and Burlington all process shall issue, 
 under the Test of the Chief Justice of the said 
 Court; unto which Office all Eeturns shall be 
 made. Which Supream Court shall be holden at 
 the Cities of Amboy and Burlington alternately, 
 at Amboy on the first Tuesday in May, and at Bur- 
 lington on the first Tuesday in November, annually, 
 and every year ; and each session of the said Court 
 shall continue for any Term not exceeding five 
 days. And one of the Justices of the said Supream 
 Court shall once in every year, if need shall so 
 require, go the Circuit, and hold and keep the said 
 Supream Court, for the County of Bergen at Ber- 
 gen, on the third Tuesday in April. For the 
 County of Essex at Newark, on the fourth Tuesday 
 in April. For the County of Monmouth at 
 Shrewsbury, the second Tuesday in May. For 
 the County of Gloucester at Gloucester, the third 
 Tuesday in May. For the County of Salem at 
 Salem, the fourth Tuesday in May. For the 
 County of Cape May, at Shamger Hands, the first 
 Tuesday in June. Which Justice, when he goes 
 the Circuit, shall in each respective County be 
 assisted by two or more Justices of the Peace dur- 
 ing the time of two days, whilst the Court, in the 
 Circuit, is sitting, and no longer. 
 
 And it is further Ordained by the Authority afore- 
 said. That all and every of the Justices or Judges of 
 the several Courts afore-mentioned, be, and are 
 hereby sufficiently Impowered and Authorized to 
 make, ordain and establish all such Rules and 
 Orders, for the more regular practising and pro- 
 ceeding in the said Courts, as fully and amply, to 
 all intents and purposes whatsoever, as all or any 
 of the Judges of the several Courts of the Queen's 
 Bench, Common Pleas and Exchequer, in England, 
 legally do. 
 
 And it is further Ordained by the Authority afore- 
 said, that no Person's Eight of Property shall be, 
 by any of the aforesaid Courts, Determined, ex- 
 cept where matters of Fact are either acknowl- 
 edged by the Parties, or Judgment confessed, or 
 passeth, by the Defendant's fault for want of 
 Plea or Answer, unless the Fact be found by 
 Verdict of Twelve Men of that Neighbourhood, as 
 it ought to be done by Law. 
 
 CORNBURY. 
 
 A Court of Chancery always existed in 
 the State of New Jersey, although its powers 
 
 were not at first vested in a single person. 
 During the proprietary government the 
 Court of Common Rights exercised Chancery 
 powers and was virtually the Court of 
 Chancery until 1698. Subsequent to that 
 time, until 1705, this court was undoubtedly 
 held by the Governor and Council, and after 
 1705 its authority was vested in the Gover- 
 nor, or Lieutenant-Governor, and three 
 members of the Council. In 1718 Gov- 
 ernor Hunter assumed the office of chan- 
 cellor, and continued to exercise its authority 
 until his resignation, in 1720. Although 
 this act of Governor Hunter was condemned 
 by the people as an unauthorized assumption 
 of power, it received the approval of the 
 King's government, and was adopted by his 
 successor. Governor Burnet, who took especial 
 delight in his duties as chancellor. Three 
 years after the advent of Governor Franklin 
 an effort was made by him (1768) to secure 
 such action on the part of the Council and 
 General Assembly as would place the Court 
 of Chancery on a better footing. He 
 called for a master of the rolls, a mas- 
 ter in Chancery for one division of the 
 province, two Masters in Chancery for the 
 other division and a sergeant-at-arms in 
 each division. But the General Assembly 
 caring little for the Court of Chancery, paid 
 no further attention to the Governor's re- 
 quest. 
 
 Two years afterwards the Governor took 
 the matter in his own hands, and, by virtue 
 of the powers conferred upon him by his 
 commission, with the advice and consent of 
 the Council, he adopted an ordinance con- 
 cerning the Court of Chancery, by which he 
 appointed and commissioned such masters, 
 clerks, examiners, registers and other neces- 
 sary officers as wei^e ' needed in the court. 
 There were no essential changes made in the 
 provisions of this ordinance, even by the Con- 
 stitution of July, 1776, which also united 
 the offices of Governor and chancellor, and 
 this union continued until the adoption of the 
 
200 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 present Constitution, wliich separated these 
 two offices and allowed a Governor to be 
 chosen from any of the professions or voca- 
 tions of life. 
 
 There is no evidence that, prior to 1733, 
 any previous term of study was required as a 
 qualification for admission to the bar. In 
 that year, during the administration of Gov- 
 ernor Cosby, it is said by Judge Field, in his 
 work already quoted, "that it was provided by 
 an act of Assembly that no person should 
 be permitted to practice as an attorney-at- 
 law but such as had served an apprenticeship 
 of at least seven years with some able attor- 
 ney licensed to practice, or had pursued the 
 study of law for at least four years after com- 
 ing of full age." If any such law was at 
 that time passed it was no longer in force in 
 1762, as it does not appear in " Nevill's 
 Laws," published in that year. The provis- 
 ion referred to by Judge Field was probably 
 contained in the act entitled, " An Act for the 
 better Enforcing an Ordinance made for Es- 
 tablishing of Fees and for Regulating the 
 Practice of the Law," which was disallowed 
 by the King in Council April 3, 1735. 
 Whatever has been done since that time to 
 keep " persons of mean parts and slender at- 
 tainments " out of the profession has been 
 done not by acts of the Legislature, but by 
 the rules of the Supreme Court. 
 
 The lawyers of New Jersey were the first 
 among all the inhabitants of the American 
 colonies to resist systematically those oppres- 
 sive measures on the part of England which 
 led to the Declaration of Independence and 
 the War of the Revolution. The first of the 
 most odious of these measures was the Stamp 
 Act, which was passed by the British Parlia- 
 ment March 22, 1765. Before the stamps 
 had yet arrived from England the members 
 of the bar, at the September Term of the Su- 
 preme Court (1765), held at Amboy, met and 
 resolved unanimously that they would not 
 use the stamps under any circumstances or 
 for any purpose whatsoever. When, at 
 
 length, the stamps arrived, the lawyers re- 
 fused to purchase them, and, as a matter of 
 course, the courts of justice were all closed 
 throughout New Jersey. Great inconven- 
 ience and great dissatisfaction was the result, 
 not only in New Jersey, but in other colonies 
 where the example of the Jersey lawyers had 
 been followed. The people complained and 
 societies were everywhere organized under 
 the name of " Sons of Liberty," who urged 
 the lawyers to go on with their business 
 without the use of stamps. Of the lawyers, 
 some were in favor of so doing and others 
 were opposed. A general meeting of the 
 bar was now called and held in New Bruns- 
 wick, February 13, 1766, and hundreds of 
 the Sons of Iviberty were present to encour- 
 age the lawyers to disregard this tyrannical 
 act of Parliament, and to have the courts of 
 justice once more opened. The result was 
 that the meeting resolved that if the Stamp 
 Act was not repealed by the 1st of April 
 following, they would resume their practice 
 as usual. The British government, not ig- 
 norant of this bold stand taken by the law- 
 yers of New Jersey, repealed the odious act 
 before the day arrived when they would have 
 bid Parliament defiance. 
 
 Chief Justices of the Colonial Su- 
 preme Court of New Jersey. — Under the 
 first Constitution — that is, during the provin- 
 cial period of our history — no such ofiice ex- 
 isted, nor was there any court corresponding 
 exactly with the Supreme Court erected 
 under the ordinance promulgated by Lord 
 Cornbury in 1704. It was under this ordi- 
 nance that the office was created, and the first 
 session of the Supreme Court, of New Jersey 
 was held at Burlington on the 7th day of 
 November, 1740. On that day the first 
 chief justice of New Jersey, Roger Mom- 
 pesson, took his seat upon the bench, with 
 William Pinhorne beside him as associate 
 judge. Their commissions were read and 
 the court then adjourned till the next day, 
 when the sheriff of Burlington County re- 
 
THE BENOH AND BAR. 
 
 201 
 
 turned a grand jury, and a charge to them 
 was delivered by the chief justice. 
 
 The business of that session was, however, 
 very light. Not even one indictment was 
 found ; nor was there a single case ready for 
 trial. Some gentlemen, nevertheless, had 
 the courage to seek admission to the bar and 
 were admitted. The court then adjourned to 
 the first Tuesday of May succeeding. 
 
 Chief Justices of New Jersey During 
 AND After the Revolution. — After the 
 adoption of the Constitution of 1776 consid- 
 erable difficulty was experienced in organiz- 
 ing the courts of the new State. The Leg- 
 islature, in joint meeting, elected Richard 
 Stockton, an eminent lawyer and patriot, as 
 chief justice of the Supreme Court, but he 
 declined the appointment. A few days af- 
 terwards, September 4, 1776, the same body 
 elected John De Hart to that high office, and 
 although he accepted it, he finally declined 
 to enter upon its duties. On the same day 
 Samuel Tucker and Francis Hopkinson were 
 elected associate justices. Mr. Hopkinson, 
 who was at the time a delegate to the Con- 
 tinental Congress, declined ; but Mr. Tucker 
 accepted, and taking the oath of office, held 
 a term of court in November following. The 
 regular terms of the court just prior to this 
 time having been interrupted, acts of Assem • 
 bly were passed reviving aud continuing the 
 process and proceedings depending therein. 
 Mr. Tucker did not continue long upon the 
 bench. A difficulty arose between him and 
 Governor Livingstone in regard to the dis- 
 appearance of a large amount of paper cur- 
 rency and other property iu Mr. Tucker's 
 custody as State treasurer. Mr. Tucker's 
 allegation that he had been robbed of it by 
 a party of British horsemen, who had taken 
 him prisoner, was disputed by Governor Liv- 
 ingstone and thereupon Mr. Tucker re- 
 signed his commission. 
 
 Associate Justices of the Supkeme 
 CoUET. — The Constitution of New Jersey 
 adopted July 2, 1776, makes no mention of 
 26 
 
 the Supreme Court except to declare that 
 " The Judges of the Supreme Court shall 
 continue in office for seven years." Who 
 these judges might be, or how many, does 
 not appear and is not provided for. It is 
 true that this Constitution provides : " Sec- 
 tion XXI. That all the laws of this province: 
 contained in the edition lately published by. 
 Mr. Allison (January 1, 1776) shall be and 
 remain in full force, until altered by the Leg-i 
 islature of this colony (such only excepted 
 as are incompatible with this charter), and 
 shall be, according as heretofore, regarded in 
 all respects by all civil officers and others, 
 the good people of this province." What 
 appears to be the first act passed by the first 
 Legislature under the Constitution is as fol- 
 lows : " Be it therefore enacted by the Coun- 
 cil and General Assembly of this State, 
 and it is hereby enacted by the authority of 
 the same, that the several Courts of Law 
 and Equity of this State shall be confirmed 
 and established and continued to be held 
 with like powers under the present govern- 
 ment as they were held at and before the Dec- 
 laration of Independence lately made by the 
 honorable the Continental Congress." 
 
 There can be but little doubt that between. 
 October 2, 1704, and November 6, 1705, the 
 Supreme Court was composed of a chief 
 justice and one associate justice, Mompesr 
 son and Pinhorne. Judge Field, in his 
 " Provincial Courts of New Jersey," says 
 that they " were the only judges during the 
 administration of Lord Cornbury." These 
 two gentlemen were certainly on the bench 
 during all that period, which terminated in 
 1708 ; but the records of the Supreme Court 
 show that on November 6, 1705, two asso- 
 ciate judges were appointed, and that on 
 November 6, 1706, another associate jus- 
 tice was appointed, showing that the number 
 of justices was not confined to two. To what 
 number the judges composing the Supreme 
 Court were limited does not appear in the 
 ordinance of Cornbury of 1 704, nor in the 
 
202 
 
 HISTOKY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEKSEY. 
 
 ordinance of Hunter, of 1714, nor in the 
 ordinance of Burnet, of 1724, 1725 and 
 1728. That this court was limited to a 
 chief justice and two associates until 1798 
 cannot be doubted. In that year it was made, 
 by an act of the General Assembly, to con- 
 sist of a chief justice and three associate 
 justices. On the 10th of March, 1806, this 
 act was repealed and the number of associate 
 justices was reduced to two. In 1838 the 
 number was increased to four, in 1855 it 
 was increased to six, and in 1875 to eight. 
 
 The first division of the territory of West 
 New Jersey was into that of two counties— 
 Salem and Burlington, — but the people about 
 Arwamaumas (Gloucester) and the adjacent 
 territory, feeling that the courts and offices 
 were so far away, assembled themselves at 
 Gloucester (May 28, 1686) and established 
 the County of Gloucester, to consist of the 
 third and fourth tenths, and extending from 
 Pensaukin Creek to Oldmans Creek. In 
 1694 this action of the inhabitants received 
 legislative sanction and the same boundaries 
 were established. In 1844 the third tenth 
 (with the addition of Washington township) 
 was erected into the County of Camden ; but 
 as the townships of Washington and Monroe 
 have since been annexed to Gloucester County 
 the third or Irish tenth now constitutes Cam- 
 den County. 
 
 The Courts of Camden County. — The 
 early courts of old Gloucester County, which 
 of course had jurisdiction over the territory 
 now included in Camden, are described on 
 page 31, et sequiter, of this volume. The first 
 court held in Camden County appears to 
 have been the March Term of the Oyer and 
 Terminer, 1845, and the following is the first 
 entry upon the record : 
 
 " Camden Oyer & Terminer, &c. 
 
 "March Term, 1845. 
 " Tuesday, March 25, Court met at 10 a.m. 
 " Present,— 
 
 " The Hon. Thomas P. Carpenter as judge, Isaac 
 Cole, James W. Sloan, Joseph C. Collins, Joseph 
 
 C. Stafford, Nathan M. Lippincott, William Brown, 
 Joel Wood & others, Judges. 
 
 " After the usual proclamation court was 
 opened. The Grand jury being called, the follow- 
 ing persons appeared and were duly qualified, 
 viz. : 
 " Isaac H. Porter. John Gill. 
 
 Edmund Brewer. Joshua P. Browning. 
 
 James W. Lamb. Ebenezer Toole. 
 
 Alexander Cooper. Joseph J. Smallwood. 
 
 .Joel Bodine. Edward P. Andrews. 
 
 Isaac Adams. James Jennett. 
 
 Gerrard Wood. David E. Marshall. 
 
 John M. Kaighn. Henry Allen. 
 
 Joseph G. Shinn. William Corkery. 
 
 John D. Glover. .lames D. Dotterer. 
 
 .Joseph H. Coles. Christopher Sickler. 
 
 " And being charged by Judge Carpenter, they 
 retired to their chamber with Samuel C. Fox 
 and John Lawrence, Constables, to attend them." 
 
 The first cause tried in the Court of Oyer 
 and Terminer was The State vs. Charles 
 May, Benjamin Jenkins and Edward Jen- 
 kins, an indictment for assault and battery 
 on Isaac Shrive. The attorney-general ap- 
 peared for the prosecution and Thomas W. 
 Mulford for the defendants. The suit re- 
 sulted in the conviction of the defendants. 
 The jury in this case consisted of Mark Bur- 
 rough, Enoch Tomlin, James G. Capewell, 
 John Stafford, Elias Campbell, Azall M. 
 Roberts, William J. Hatch, Josiah H. Tice, 
 Alexander Wolohon, Daniel Alberlson, 
 Aaron Middletou and Charles Wilson. 
 
 In the Court of Quarter Sessions, the No- 
 vember Term, 1845, was the first court ; 
 opened at half-past nine o'clock on the 10th 
 of the month ; present, Isaac Cole, presiding, 
 James W. Sloan, Joseph C. Collins, Nathan 
 M. Lippincott, Joel Wood, Joshua Sickler 
 and William Brown, lay judges. The first 
 case brought was the State vs. William Cox, 
 for assault and battery on William Hugg. 
 Abraham Browning Esq., appeared as attor- 
 ney-general for the State and James B. Day- 
 ton, Esq., for the defendant. The jury was 
 composed of the following persons, viz.: 
 Joseph Warner, Isaac H. Tomlinson, John 
 A. Ware, Joseph K. Rogers, Joseph Barrett, 
 
THE BENCH AND BAR. 
 
 203 
 
 John Newton, Jacob Haines, James Dobbs, 
 Chalkley Haines, Randall Nicholson, Jacob 
 Middleton, William Wannan. They found 
 the defendant not guilty. 
 
 The records of the Circuit Court prior to 
 1852 have been lost, and hence the exact 
 date of its first session cannot be given, but 
 one was doubtless held in 1845. 
 
 The present Court of Errors and Appeals, 
 the last resort in all causes in New Jersey, 
 was created by the new Constitution in 1844. 
 It is compo.sed of the chancellor, the justices 
 of the Supreme Court and six other judges 
 specially appointed for that court, who are 
 usually laymen. John Clement, of Haddon- 
 field, Camden County, has been a lay mem- 
 ber of this court since the year 1864, when 
 he was first appointed. 
 
 The Supreme Court is composed of nine 
 justices, and the State is divided into the 
 same number of judicial districts, allotted 
 among the several justices. Camden County 
 is in the Second District, at this time pre- 
 sided over by Justice Joel Parker. Each 
 Supreme Court justice is sole judge of the 
 Circuit Court and ex-officio presiding judge 
 of all the other County Courts in his dis- 
 trict. 
 
 The Inferior Court of Common Pleas is 
 presided over by the law judge appointed 
 for the county exclusive of the justices of 
 the Supreme Court. Prior to the adoption 
 of the new Constitution there was no limit 
 to the number of judges appointed for 
 the Court of Common Pleas, and in some 
 counties they numbered thirty or more 
 judges not learned in the law, any one 
 of whom alone could hold the court. But 
 Sec. 6 of Art. VI of the new Constitution 
 provided that there should be no more than 
 five judges ofthis court, and in 1855 the Leg- 
 islature fixed the number exclusive, of the 
 justice of the Supreme Court at three. 
 
 The Court of Oyer and Terminer is com- 
 posed of the justice of the Supreme Court 
 "and one or more of the judges of the Court 
 
 of Common Pleas. . It cannot be held with- 
 out the justice of the Supreme Court. The 
 Court of General Quarter Sessions of the 
 Peace is composed of two or more of the 
 judges of the Court of Common Pleas and 
 does not require the presence of the Supreme 
 Court justice. 
 
 The Orphans Court may be held by any 
 two judges of the Court of Common Pleas. 
 
 Formerly all the county judges, excepting 
 the justices of the Supreme Court, were lay- 
 men, and it was then the practice of such 
 justices to preside in all the County Courts in 
 all cases except some of the least import- 
 ance. 
 
 March 9, 1869, the Legislature passed an 
 act entitled, " An Act to facilitate Judicial 
 proceedings in the county of Camden," em- 
 powering, any two judges of the Court of 
 Common Pleas to try all persons charged 
 with offenses (excepting a few of the highest) 
 who were willing to forego the right of in- 
 dictment and trial by jury. At the time of 
 the enactment Asa P. Horner, a farmer of 
 Camden County, was the senior lay judge of 
 the Court of Common Pleas of Camden 
 County, and to him fell the duty of com- 
 mencing the work of the special sessions 
 without the intervention of the jury, and for 
 several years a very brisk business was done 
 in the nevv special court which had no 
 regular terms, but was called to sit whenever 
 the prosecutor of the pleas had enough per- 
 sons charged with offenses willing to be tried 
 by the court without a jury, to justify it, 
 which was quite frequent. 
 
 The business of the several County Courts 
 increased to such an extent that in 1872 a 
 supplement was passed to the act of 1869, 
 providing that one of the three judges of the 
 Court of Common Pleas of Camden County 
 should be a counselor-at-law, and since that 
 date Camden County has had a special law 
 judge to preside in the Courts of Common 
 Pleas, the Orphans Court and the General 
 and Special Courts of Quarter Sessions, of 
 
204 
 
 HISTOEY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 the Peace. And now the Supreme Court 
 justice seldom sits in any Camden County 
 court except the Circuit Court and in the 
 Court of Oyer and Terminer, in which he is 
 required to sit for the trial of treason and 
 criminal homicide cases, which cannot be 
 tried in the Quarter Sessions. 
 
 The District Court of the City of Camden 
 was created by an act of the Legislature 
 passed March 9, 1877, entitled, " An act for 
 constituting courts in certain cities of this 
 State." This court was given exclusive jur- 
 isdiction in all civil causes prior to its crea- 
 tion cognizable before justices of the peace. 
 Richard T. Miller was appointed as the first 
 judge of this court and on the expiration of 
 the first term was reappointed. 
 
 JUSTICES OF THE SUPREME COUET. 
 
 Thomas P. Carpenter 1845-1852 
 
 Stacy G. Potts 1852-1859 
 
 John Van Dyke 1859-1866 
 
 George S. Woodhull 1866-1880 
 
 Joel Parker 1880-1887 
 
 PRESIDENT LAW JUDGES. 
 
 Charles P. Stratton 1872-1877 
 
 David J. Pancoast 1877-1882 
 
 Charles T. Reed 1882-1885 
 
 John W. Westcott 1885- 
 
 Lay Judges. — Following is a list of the 
 lay judges from the organization of the 
 county to 1886: 
 
 1844. — Isaac Cole, James W. Sloan, Joseph C. 
 Collings, Joseph C. Staflford, Nathan M. Lippin- 
 cott, William Brown, Joel Wood, John K. Cow- 
 perthwaite, Joel G. Clark, Joshua Sickler. 
 
 1846. — Richard Stafford, Isaac Doughten, Philip 
 J. Grey. 
 
 1847. — Jesse Smith. 
 
 1848. — ^Richard W. Snowden, Jesse Peterson, 
 Charles H. French. 
 ^ 1849.— James W. Lamb. 
 
 1850. — Philip J. Grey, Benjamin W. Cooper, 
 Richard W. Snowden, Jesse Peterson, James W. 
 Lamb. 
 
 1851.— Philip J. Grey, Richard W. Snowden, 
 Jesse Peterson, Benjamin W. Cooper, John K. 
 Cowperthwaite. 
 
 1852. — Jesse Peterson, Philip J. Grey, Ben- 
 jamin W. Cooper, John K. Cowperthwaite, William 
 Brown. ..... — . 
 
 1853. — Philip J. Grey, Benjamin W. Cooper, 
 John K. Cowperthwaite, William Brown, Joseph 
 C. Stafford. 
 
 1854. — Philip J. Grey, John K. Cowperthwaite, 
 William Brown, Joseph C. Stafford, John Clem- 
 ent, Jr. 
 
 1855. — John K. Cowperthwaite, Joseph C. Staf- 
 ford, John Clement, Jr. 
 
 1856.- — John K. Cowperthwaite, Joseph C. Staf- 
 ford, John Clement, Jr. 
 
 1S57. — John K. Cowperthwaite, Joseph C. Staf- 
 ford, John Clement, Jr. 
 
 1858. — John K.. Cowperthwaite, John Clement, 
 Jr., James D. Dotterer. 
 
 1859. — John K. Cowperthwaite, James D. Dot- 
 terer, Joseph B. Tatem. 
 
 1860. — John K. Cowperthwaite, James D. Dot- 
 terer, Joseph B. Tatem. 
 
 1861. — John K. Cowperthwaite, James D. Dot- 
 erer, John Clement. 
 
 1862. — John K. Cowperthwaite, James D. Dot- 
 terer, John Clement. 
 
 1863. — John K. Cowperthwaite, James D. Dot- 
 terer, John Clement. 
 
 1864. — John K. Cowperthwaite, James D. Dot- 
 terer, Joel Horner. 
 
 1865. — John K. Cowperthwaite, James D. Dot- 
 terer, Joel Horner. 
 
 1866. — John K. Cowperthwaite, James D. Dot- 
 terer, Joel Horner. 
 
 1867. — James D. Dotterer, Joel Horner, Ralph 
 Lee. 
 
 1868-72.— Joel Horner, Ralph Lee, Joshua 
 Sickler. 
 
 1872.^ Joshua Sickler, Asa P. Horner. 
 
 1873-76.— Asa P. Horner, Joseph B. Tatem. 
 
 1877. — Joseph B. Tatem, Joel Horner. 
 
 1878-84. — Joel Horner, Isaiah Woolston. 
 
 1884^86. — Isaiah Woolston, John Gaunt. 
 
 PROSECUTORS OP THE PLEAS. 
 
 Abraham Browning 1844-1849 
 
 Edward N. Jeffers,' 1849-1852 
 
 Thomas W. Mulford 1854-1859 
 
 George M.Robeson ..1859-1864 
 
 Richard S. Jenkins 1864-1884 
 
 Wilson H. Jenkins 1884- 
 
 LIST OP ATTORNEYS. 
 
 Dates of. admission. 
 
 William N. Jeffers November, 1814 
 
 Thomas Chapman November, 1815 
 
 Jeremiah H. Sloan February, 1821 
 
 Moms Croxall September, 1821 
 
 1 Edward N. Jeffers died iu 1852, and the county was withont* 
 prosecutor until 1864, 
 
THE BENCH AND BAR. 
 
 205 
 
 Richard W. Howell September, 1827 
 
 Robert K. Matlack November, 1827 
 
 Abraham Browning September, 1834 
 
 William D. Cooper February, 1841 
 
 Morris R. Hamilton September, 1842 
 
 Thomas W. Mulford November, 1843 
 
 James B. Dayton September, 1844 
 
 Thomas H. Dudley May, 1845 
 
 Isaac Mickle May, 1845 
 
 Charles H. Hollinshead April, 1846 
 
 Daniel E. Hough July, 1849 
 
 Alfred Hugg ; October, 1849 
 
 Charles W. Kinsey October, 1849 
 
 Isaac W. Mickle January, 1850 
 
 Philip H. Mulford January, 1851 
 
 Peter L. Voorhees November, 1851 
 
 Charles P. Stratton November, 1851 
 
 George M. Robeson February, 1854 
 
 Richard S. Jenkins November, 1855 
 
 Lindley H. Miller November, 1855 
 
 Marmaduke B. Taylor November, 1856 
 
 James M. Scovel November, 1856 
 
 Alden C. Scovel..., November, 1856 
 
 Gilbert G. Hannah February, 1857 
 
 Philip S. Scovel February, 1857 
 
 Samuel H. Grey November, 1857 
 
 Jacob Mulford June, 1858 
 
 John T. F. Peak November, 1861 
 
 Caleb D. Shreve November, 1861 
 
 Benjamin D. Shreve 1862 
 
 George W. Gilbert February, 1863 
 
 Samuel C. Cooper February, 1863 
 
 Joshua L. Howell November, 1863 
 
 Charles T. Reed June, 1865 
 
 Charles S. Howell June, 1865 
 
 J. Eugene Troth June, 1866 
 
 Martin V. Bergen.. November, 1866 
 
 Christopher A. Bergen November, 1866 
 
 George F. Fort November, 1866 
 
 Robert M. Browning November, 1867 
 
 Howard M. Cooper November, 1867 
 
 Richard T. Miller November, 1867 
 
 David J. Pancoast November, 1868 
 
 Samuel Davies February, 1869 
 
 James P. Young November, 1869 
 
 George N. Con row November, 1870 
 
 Alfred Flanders February, 1871 
 
 Herbert A. Drake June, 1871 
 
 James E. Hayes November, 1871 
 
 John W. Wright 1871 
 
 Robert F.Stockton, Jr February, 1872 
 
 James H. Carpenter November, 1872 
 
 Wilson H. Jenkins February, 1873 
 
 John H. Fort June, 1873 
 
 John F. Joline November, 1873 
 
 Thomas B. Harned June, 1874 
 
 0. V. D. Joline. June, 1874 
 
 Edward Dudley November, 1874 
 
 AlexanderGray February, 1875 
 
 JohnT. Woodhull February, 1875 
 
 William C. Dayton February, 1875 
 
 Thomas E. French February, 1876 
 
 Peter V. Vorhees June, 1876 
 
 John K. R. Hewitt June, 1876 
 
 Samuel D. Bergen June, 1876 
 
 Augustus F. Bichter November, 1876 
 
 Joseph W. Morgan November, 1877 
 
 Samuel W. Sparks November, 1877 
 
 John C. Ten Eyck, Jr June, 1878 
 
 Timothy J. Middleton June, 1878 
 
 Lemuel J. Potts June, 1878 
 
 John W. Westcott June, 1878 
 
 Charles G. Garrison November, 1878 
 
 William S. Hoffman November, 1878 
 
 Henry A. Scovel February, 1879 
 
 William S. Casselman June, 1879 
 
 Jonas 8. Miller.... June, 1879 
 
 Franklin C. Woolman June, 1879 
 
 Karl Langlotz June, 1879 
 
 Edward A. Armstrong February, 1880 
 
 Samuel K. Bobbins June, 1880 
 
 John L. Semple November, 1880 
 
 Samuel P. Jones November, 1880 
 
 Edmund B. Leaming February, 1881 
 
 John J. Crandall February, 1881 
 
 Floranc F. Hogate February, 1881 
 
 John J. Walsh June, 1881 
 
 John Harris June, 1881 
 
 Henry M. Snyder June, 1881 
 
 Benjamin F. H. Shreve June, 1881 
 
 Charles I. Wooster June, 1881 
 
 William W. Woodhull June, 1881 
 
 Alfred L. Black November, 1881 
 
 Howard J. Stanger June, 1882 
 
 John W. Wartman June, 1882 
 
 Howard Carrow June, 1882 
 
 Edmund E. Read, Jr June, 1882 
 
 Samuel W. Beldon June, 1882 
 
 John F. Harned November, 1882 
 
 Edward H. Saunders. November, 1882 
 
 Joseph R. Taylor November, 1882 
 
 Thomas P. Curley November, 1882 
 
 Robert C. Hutchinson February, 1883 
 
 Walter P. Blackwood February, 1883 
 
 Richard S. Bidgway November, 1883 
 
 Israel Roberts November, 1883 
 
 George Reynolds February, 1884 
 
 Samuel N. Shreve February, 1884 
 
 Ulysses G. Styron ..February, 1885 
 
 _. L. D. Howard Gilmour February, 1885 
 
206 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 George A. Vroom June, 1885 
 
 Joshua E. Borton November, 1885 
 
 William P. Fowler November, 1885 
 
 Schuyler C. Woodhull February, 1886 
 
 Pennington T. Hildreth June, 1886 
 
 JUSTICES OF THE SUPREME COURT. 
 
 Thomas Pastor Carpenter was a lin- 
 eal descendant of Samuel Carpenter, promi- 
 nent in the early history of Pennsylvania. 
 He was born April 19, 1804, at Glassboro', 
 New Jersey. 
 
 His father, Edward Cai'penter, was the 
 owner of the glass-works at that place 
 for many years, which he and Colonel Hes- 
 ton, as the firm of Carpenter & Heston, es- 
 tablished. His mother was the daughter of 
 Dr. James Stratton, a leading physician of 
 his day at Swedesboro'. His father died 
 when he was quite young and he grew to 
 manhood in the family of his grandfather, at 
 Carpenters Landing (now Mantua). After 
 obtaining a liberal education he studied law 
 under the instruction of Judge White, of 
 Woodbury, and was admitted as an attorney 
 in September, 1830. On October 26, 1838, 
 he was appointed prosecutor of the pleas of 
 Gloucester County and took a prominent 
 part in several important trials. 
 
 He soon won prominence at the bar and 
 on February 5, 1845, he was appointed by 
 Governor Stratton one of the associate jus- 
 tices of the Supreme Court of New Jersey, 
 his circuit comprising Camden, Burlington 
 and Gloucester Counties. On his retirement 
 from the judgeship, after serving a term of 
 seven years, he devoted himself to the prac- 
 tice of his profession, principally as a coun- 
 selor, and was eminently successful. 
 
 At the breaking out of the. Rebellion he 
 joined the Union League of Philadelphia, 
 and daring the war was an ardent supporter 
 of the Union cause. In 1865 he was active 
 in promoting the success of the Sanitary Fair, 
 occupying as he did the position of president 
 of the New Jersey Department. Judge Car- 
 penter married Rebecca, daughter of Dr. 
 
 Samuel Hopkins, of Woodbury. He was an 
 earnest Christian and in the church always 
 held an honored position, being for many 
 years vestryman, warden and deputy to the 
 Diocesan and General Conventions of the 
 Protestant Episcopal Church. 
 
 He was not only an able lawyer, but vi'as 
 well versed in the classics and in general lit- 
 erature. He was greatly respected through- 
 out the State of New Jersey, of which he 
 was at the time of his death one of her best- 
 known citizens. As a judge of the Supreme 
 Court he was held in high esteem by his as- 
 sociates and by the bar of the State for his 
 ability, learning and for the uniform good 
 judgment which he brought to the consider- 
 ation of cases. In the counties where he 
 presided at circuits, and which he visited 
 during his term of office at regular periods, 
 his genial manners and kindly intercourse 
 with the people made him very popular. He 
 died at his home in Camden March 20, 1876. 
 
 By his marriage with Rebecca Hopkins, 
 who still survives, he had four children, viz. : 
 Susan M. Carpenter, Anna Stratton Carpen- 
 ter (who died in December, 1869), Thomas 
 Preston Carpenter (who died during infancy), 
 and James H. Carpenter, now a member of 
 the Camden bar. 
 
 Stacy Gardiner Potts was born in Har- 
 risburg, Pa., November, 1799. He was the 
 great-grandson of Thomas Potts, a member 
 of the Society of Friends, who, with Mah- 
 lon Stacy and their kindred, emigrated from 
 England in 1678, and landed at Burlington, 
 N. J. The two families of Stacy and Potts 
 intermarried. Stacy Potts, the grandfather 
 of Judge Potts, was a tanner by trade and 
 was engaged in that business at Trenton. 
 
 His son removed to Harrisburg, and in 
 1791 married Miss Gardiner. Judge Potts 
 entered the family of his grandfather in 
 1808, who was then mayor of Trenton. He 
 attended a Fiends' school and then learned 
 the printer's trade. At twenty-one he began 
 to edit the Mnporium, of Trenton. In 1827 
 
THE BENCH AND BAK. 
 
 207 
 
 he was admitted to the bar as an attorney. 
 He was elected to the Assembly in 1828 on 
 the Jackson ticket, and was re-elected in 
 1829. In 1831 he was appointed clerk of 
 Chancery, held the office for ten years, and 
 during that time published his " Precedents 
 in Chancery." He next visited Europe with 
 his brother, the Rev. William S. Potts, 
 D. D., of St. Louis. In 1845 he served on a 
 commission to revise the laws of the State. 
 In 1847 he was appointed a manager of the 
 State Lunatic Asylum. In 1852 he was 
 nominated by Governor Fort as a justice of 
 the Supreme Court and was confirmed by the 
 Senate. His circuit comprised Camden, 
 Burlington, Gloucester and Ocean Counties. 
 He served as judge one term of seven years 
 with great acceptability and then retired to 
 private life. He was a conscientious judge 
 and a decidedly religious man, serving as a 
 ruling elder in the Presbyterian Church for 
 many years. He died at his home in Tren- 
 ton in 1865. 
 
 John Van Dyke was born in New Jer- 
 sey and obtained a thorough academical ed- 
 ucation, studied law and was admitted to the 
 bar in 1836. He commenced practice in 
 New Brunswick and at once gained promi- 
 nence in his profession. He was elected 
 a Representative from New Jersey to the 
 Thirtieth Congress in 1846 as a Whig, 
 against Kirkpatrick, the Democratic oppo- 
 nent. He was re-elected to the Thirty-first 
 Congress, receiving seven thousand two hun- 
 dred and eighty-two votes against six thou- 
 sand six hundred and twenty-three for Bill- 
 ian. Democrat, serving in Congress from 
 December, 1847, to March, 1851. He was 
 appointed judge of the Supreme Court of 
 New Jersey by Governor William A. New- 
 ell, and assigned to the district composed 
 of Camden, Gloucester and Burlington Coun- 
 ties in February, 1859, and served one 
 term of seven years, until 1866. He was a 
 man of fine legal attainments and was recog- 
 nized as a good judge. 
 
 George Spoffoed Woodhdll, associate 
 judge of the Supreme Court of New Jersey 
 from 1866 to 1880, was born near Freehold, 
 Monmouth County, in 1816, and died at his 
 residence. No. 104 Arch Street, Camden, in 
 1881. His grandfather, John Woodhull, 
 D.D., was pastor of a church at Freehold for 
 a period of forty years, and was a man of 
 fine ability, excellent scholarship and noted 
 piety. His father, John T. Woodhull, M.D., 
 was a skillful physician of Monmouth 
 County, and well known throughout the 
 State. The early education of Judge Wood- 
 hull was obtained in the schools of his na- 
 tive place, and in 1830 he entered the Col- 
 lege of New Jersey, at Princeton. By assid- 
 uous study and great natural endowments 
 he completed the course in three years and 
 was graduated in 1833. Desiring to take 
 up the study of law, he began a course of 
 reading under the direction of Richard S. 
 Field, Esq., of Princeton. In 1839 he was 
 admitted to practice and three years later he 
 became a counselor. He practiced his pro- 
 fession at Freehold until 1850 when he re- 
 moved to Mays Landing, and for fifteen 
 years was prosecutor of the pleas of Atlantic 
 County. He has been credited with chang- 
 ing the political complexion of Atlantic 
 County during his residence in it. For ten 
 years of the time included above he was pros- 
 ecutor of the pleas of Cape May County. In 
 1866 he was appointed, by Governor Ward, 
 as an associate justice of the Supreme Court 
 of New Jersey, and was assigned to the Sec- 
 ond District, comprising the counties of Cam- 
 den, Burlington and Gloucester. He soon 
 gained the reputation of being a fearless, up- 
 right and honest judge, and was character- 
 ized for superior legal attainments. He de- 
 veloped so much strength and popularity as 
 a judicial officer that, in 1873, Hon. .Joel 
 Parker, then Governor of New Jersey, 
 though differing from Justice Woodhull in 
 politics, appointed him assistant justice for 
 another term of seven years, and he continued, 
 
208 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 GD the bench until 1880. - During his long 
 term of service as a judicial officer his decis- 
 ions were characterized by fairness and great 
 legal ability. 
 
 Upon his retirement from the bench he 
 resumed the practice of law in Camden, 
 which he continued until his death. 
 
 In April, 1847, Judge Woodhull was 
 married to Caroline Mandiville Vroom, a 
 niece of ex-Governor Vroom, by whom he 
 had five children. He was a man of excel- 
 lent standing in the State of New Jersey, 
 possessing an exemplary character, and was 
 highly honored and respected by the mem- 
 bers of his profession as well as by all people 
 with whom he was associated or by whom 
 he was known. 
 
 Joel Parker, now one of the justices of 
 the Supreme Court of New Jersey, was born 
 November 24, 1816, near Freehold, Mon- 
 mouth County, N. J. Both his parents were 
 natives of that county. His father, Charles 
 Parker, was a man of excellent business ca- 
 pacity, and, at the time his son was born, was 
 sheriff of the county, and subsequently he 
 was a member of the Legislature, and in 1821 
 was chosen treasurer of the State, an office 
 which he held for thirteen years, through 
 annual appointments. In 1821 Charles 
 Parker removed to Trenton with his family, 
 and in that city Joel, his son, passed most of 
 his childhood and youth, attending school at 
 the old Trenton Academy. In 1832 Joel 
 was sent to Monmouth County, to manage a 
 farm belonging to his father, where he re- 
 mained two years, doing all kinds of farming 
 work and laying the foundation of a vigor- 
 ous constitution, which, during a long life of 
 busy toil, has enabled him to perform his 
 onerous duties. In 1834 he quit farming 
 and entered the Lawrenceville High School, 
 where he remained two years. In 1836 he 
 entered Princeton College, whence he was 
 graduated in 1839, and then entered the law- 
 office of Hon. Henry W. Green, a distin- 
 guished lawyer in Trenton, afterwards chief 
 
 justice, and later chancellor of the State. In 
 1843 Joel Parker, having been admitted to 
 the bar, removed to Freehold and opened a 
 law-office. He has since maintained his resi- 
 dence there, and for forty years has lived in 
 the same house. Within a year after he en- 
 tered on the practice of his profession he 
 married Maria M., eldest daughter of Samuel 
 R. Gummere, then of Trenton, but formerly 
 of Burlington, N. J. 
 
 Joel Parker has always been a member of 
 the Democratic party. In 1840 he cast his 
 first vote for Martin Van Buren for Presir 
 dent. In 1844 he commenced his career as 
 a political speaker, in the Presidential cam- 
 paign which resulted in the election of James 
 K. Polk. From that time till his appoint- 
 ment as justice his services on the stump 
 were sought and given, not only throughout 
 this State, but in adjoining States. In 1847 
 he was elected a member of the House of 
 Assembly. The Whig party had a large 
 majority in the House. Being the only^ law- 
 yer on the Democratic side, he was forced 
 into the leadership of the minority, espe- 
 cially on all subjects of a legal or political 
 bearing, and, although the youngest member 
 of the body, he sustained his position with 
 discretion and ability. He framed and intro- 
 duced a series of reform measures, the most 
 important of which was a bill to equalize tax- 
 ation, by which, for the first time in the his- 
 tory of the State, personalty — such as notes, 
 bonds, mortgages and money — were to be 
 taxed. At that time taxes were assessed only 
 on land and property, called certainties, sucli 
 as horses and cattle, so that the farmers were 
 paying nearly all the taxes. This measure, 
 advocated by Mr. Parker, was popular, and 
 when his speech on the subject was publish- 
 ed, public attention was attracted to him as a 
 rising man. At the next gubernatorial elec- 
 tion, in 1850, George F. Fort was elected Gov- 
 ernor by the Democrats on a platform which 
 had adopted those reform measures. In the 
 following year Mr, Parker declined being a 
 
THE BENCH AND BAE. 
 
 209 
 
 candidate for State Senator (the nomination 
 to which he was solicited to accept), because 
 it would interfere with his law business, 
 which was increasing. Soon after the in- 
 auguration of Governor Fort he appointed 
 Mr. Parker prosecutor of the pleas of the 
 county of Monmouth. His duties growing 
 out of this position brought him in contact 
 and conflict with some of the ablest lawyers 
 of the State. In the celebrated Donnelly 
 case (which is the leading case on dying decla- 
 rations) he was assisted by the Hon. Wil- 
 liam L. Dayton, then attorney-general of the 
 State, while the prisoner was defended by 
 ex-Governor William Pennington and Jo- 
 seph P. Bradley, now a justice of the Su- 
 preme Court of the United States. In 1860 
 Mr. Parker was chosen a Presidential elector, 
 and voted in the Electoral College for Ste- 
 phen A. Douglas. 
 
 From an early date he had taken an inter- 
 est in military matters. Several years before 
 the Civil War he had been chosen by the 
 field officers of the Monmouth and Ocean 
 Brigade a brigadier-general. Before hostili- 
 ties began he had a fine brigade of uni- 
 formed men, and he was accustomed, at 
 stated periods, to drill them. After the com- 
 mencement of the war Governor Olden (He- 
 publican) nominated General Parker to be 
 the major-general of militia for the Second 
 Military District, composed of five counties. 
 He was confirmed unanimously by the 
 Senate, accepted the appointment and assist- 
 ed in raising men for United States' service, 
 to put down the Rebellion. He aided ma- 
 terially in raising several regiments, princi- 
 pally composed of men who had belonged to 
 his brigade. In 1862 General Parker was 
 nominated by the Democratic Convention as 
 Governor of the State, and was elected over a 
 very popular opponent by nearly fifteen thou- 
 sand majority. He adhered, during his term, 
 to the principle of the platform on which he 
 was elected, to wit,—" The suppression of the 
 Rebellion by all constitutional means." 
 27 
 
 He was very active in obtaining volunteers 
 and in equipping them thoroughly for the 
 field. By this promptness he won the good 
 opinion of all loyal men and was thanked 
 by telegram from President Lincoln and Sec- 
 retary Stanton and Governor Curtin. In 
 commendation of his course, he has received 
 the appellation of "War Governor" of New 
 Jersey. When the Confederate army invaded 
 Pennsylvania in 1863, the national authori- 
 ties and also Governor Curtin called on Gov- 
 ernor Parker for troops to repel the invaders. 
 He responded with such great alacrity as to 
 bring forth from the Federal authorities 
 thanks and commendation. Governor Cur- 
 tin wrote, " Permit me to thank you for your 
 prompt attention," and again on the 24th 
 day of June, 1863, "I cannot close this com- 
 munication without expressing to you the 
 thanks of the people of Pennsylvania for 
 your promptness in responding to our calls," 
 and on the 30th of the same mouth President 
 Lincoln sent to Governor Parker the follow- 
 ing telegram : " Please accept my sincere 
 thanks for what you have done and are doing 
 to get troops forwarded." The next year, 
 when the State of Maryland was invaded. 
 Governor Parker acted in the same spirit of 
 promptness. The communication with Wash- 
 ington was cut off by the enemy and a call 
 could not officially be made upon him for 
 troops, but he anticipated a call and sent 
 troops forward in time to render valuable 
 aid. At the close of his administration the 
 State Gazette, the central organ of the Re- 
 publican party in the State, used the follow- 
 ing language, viz.: "Of the retiring Gover- 
 nor it is proper to remark that in many re- 
 spects he has discharged his duties in a man- 
 ner beyond censure. He was nominated on 
 a platform that pledged support to the United 
 States government in the war for the sup- 
 pression of the Rebellion, and he was faithful 
 to the pledge he gave in accepting the nomi- 
 nation," and in the same article " efforts 
 were made to induce him to resist the con- 
 
210 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 scriptioD; he steadily refused to do this, but, 
 on the contrary, made use of every effort to 
 equip and send off the State's quota of troops 
 at the earliest possible day ; we regard it as 
 fortunate that Mr. Parker was selected as the 
 Democratic candidate for Governor in 1862." 
 He was in office at the close of the war and 
 under his guidance a hearty welcome, with a 
 good dinner, was given to all returning regi- 
 ments by the State at the city of Trenton, 
 before mustered out, — a fact which distin- 
 guishes New Jersey from all her sister States. 
 During the war the Governor had a large 
 patronage. He had the power of appoint- 
 ment of all officers in New Jersey regiments 
 below the rank of general. These amounted 
 to many hundreds, for battle and disease 
 made dire havoc of the noble soldiers. In 
 all this vast patronage not an officer was ap- 
 pointed or promoted for political reasons. 
 The Governor acted on the principle that 
 when a man took up arms and risked his life 
 for his country on the battle-field-, if he had 
 earned and deserved pronlotion, he should be 
 promoted without regard to his party predi- 
 lection. 
 
 At the close of his term of office Governor 
 Parker resumed the practice of his profession, 
 and for the next six years enjoyed a lucrative 
 business. He was engaged in most of the 
 cases of importance in Monmouth and the ad- 
 joining counties. In 1871 he was again 
 nominated by the Democratic Convention for 
 the office of Governor by acclamation, and 
 was elected by a large majority, running sev- 
 eral thousand votes ahead of his ticket. His 
 second term was a very busy one, and al- 
 though not so eventful as the first, yet had 
 much to distinguish it. The militia of the 
 State were placed on a permanent basis and 
 vastly improved in discipline and efficiency. 
 The General Railroad Law was passed, where- 
 by monopoly was abolished, and the amend- 
 ments of the Constitution adopted. 
 
 In 1868, Governor Parker received in the 
 National Democratic Convention, held in 
 
 New York, the unanimous vote of his State 
 delegation for nomination as President of the 
 United States, also the vote of two States on 
 the Pacific slope ; and again in 1876, at St, 
 Louis, he received the votes of the New Jer- 
 sey delegation. In the year last named he 
 was placed at the head of the Democratic 
 electoral ticket, was elected and voted for 
 Samuel J. Tilden in the Electoral College. 
 At the close of his second terra as Governor 
 he was nominated by Governor Bedle (who 
 succeeded him) as attorney general of the 
 State. This office at that time had not been 
 placed upon a pecuniary basis, that justified 
 his retaining it, and he found that it inter- 
 fered so much with his general business, that 
 in a few months he resigned. 
 
 In 1880, General McClellan, then Gover- 
 nor of New Jersey, nominated ex-Governor 
 Parker as a justice of the Supreme Court. 
 He was confirmed, and in March of that year 
 entered upon the duties of the office. He 
 was assigned to the Second Judicial District, 
 composed of the counties of Camden, Bur- 
 lington and Gloucester. The district is a 
 hard one, on account of the vast amount of 
 legal business which requires^ attention; but 
 Judge Parker, by industry and devotion to 
 business, by faii-ness and impartiality in look- 
 ing at both sides of every case, and by his 
 courtesy of manner to the members of the 
 bar and to all who came in contact with him, 
 has given great satisfaction and in his official 
 position enjoyed the respect of the commu- 
 nity. While he has always been a consistent 
 Democrat, Governor Parker has never been 
 an extreme partisan. In the various busi- 
 ness boards, educational and otherwise, he 
 made it a rule to appoint members of both 
 political parties. He is a believer in a non- 
 partisan judiciary and during his last guber- 
 natorial term he nominated three Republican 
 justices to the Supreme Court and two Re- 
 publican judges of the Court of Appeals, 
 leaving each court still with a majority of 
 Democrats. His non-partisan appointments 
 
THE BENCH AND BAK. 
 
 211 
 
 gave Governor Parker great popularity 
 among the better class of both parties. His 
 appointees to office have uniformly been men 
 of high character and ability. At the close 
 of his last term as Governor, out of fourteen 
 judges of the Court of Errors and Appeals, 
 then composing the court, ten had been origi- 
 nally appointed by Governor Parker. 
 
 In private life Joel Parker is much es- 
 teemed as a neighbor and friend. He is a 
 good citizen and among the first to espouse 
 any enterprise looking to the improvement 
 and advancement of the community where 
 he resides. For the last few years he has re- 
 sided with his family during the winter either 
 at Camden or Mt. Holly, in order to accom- 
 modate the public and be nearer his work. 
 The wife of the judge, a; highly educated 
 and accomplished lady, is living. They have 
 had four children who reached the age of 
 majority, viz. : Elizabeth, still living; Charles, 
 a lawyer and president of a bank at Mana- 
 squan ; Helen, who died of consumption in 
 1879; and Frederick, a lawyer, residing at 
 Freehold. 
 
 LAW JUDGES. 
 
 Charles P. Stratton, the first presi- 
 dent law judge of the Court of Common 
 Pleas of Camden County, was born at 
 Bridgetou, Cumberland County, N. J., in 
 1827, and died of malarial fever in Camden 
 July 30, 1884, soon after his return from a 
 trip to Europe. He was graduated from the 
 College of New Jersey, at Princeton, in 1848, 
 and read law under the instruction of Hon. 
 L. Q,. C. Elmer, and was admitted to tlie 
 bar as an attorney in January, 1851 ; was 
 made a counselor in 1854, and the same year 
 removed to Camden. He continued to prac- 
 tice his profession with great success in 
 Camden County, and in recognition of his 
 ability as a lawyer, upon passage of a special 
 act of the Legislature creating the office of 
 law judge for Camden County, to take ef- 
 fect in 1872, he was appointed by Governor 
 Marcus L. Ward to fill that position for the 
 
 term of five years. He performed the re- 
 sponsibilities incumbent upon him as a judge 
 until the expiration of his term and the ap- 
 pointment of a successor, when he again re- 
 sumed the practice of law in Camden until 
 the time of his death. He left a widow and 
 four children. 
 
 He served two years in the City Council, as 
 a member from the First Ward, and was made 
 one of the trustees of the Cooper Hospital 
 Fund. He was also a director in the Cam- 
 den Safe Deposit and Trust Company, the 
 New National Bank at Bridgeton, the West 
 Jersey Railroad Company and the Camden 
 and Philadelphia Ferry Company. He was 
 by nature adapted to the office of judge and 
 presided over the court with great accepta- 
 bility. 
 
 David J. Pancoast was born near 
 Woodbury, Gloucester County, N. J., Sep- 
 tember 21, 1843. His father, James Pasn- 
 coast, who married Hope Lippincott, was a 
 farmer by occupation, and the son spent his 
 early years on the farm. At the age of thir- 
 teen he was sent to London Grove Friends' 
 School, near Kennett Square, Chester Coun- 
 ty, Pa., afterwards to Freeland Seminary, in 
 Montgomery County, and later to an acad- 
 emy at Carversville, Bucks County. He 
 continued his studies in the Pennsylvania 
 State Normal School, at Millersville, and in 
 1864 entered the La w Department of Harvard 
 University, at which institution he spent 
 nearly two years. 
 
 He completed his legal studies in the office 
 of James B. Dayton, of Camden, and was 
 admitted to the bar as an attorney November 
 5, 1868, and in 1871 was made a counselor. 
 When he first became a member of the Cam- 
 den bar his preceptor, Mr. Dayton, was pre- 
 paring to retire from an extended practice, 
 whereupon he turned over to Mr. Pancoast 
 much of his litigated business. 
 
 Chancellor Runyon, on March 8, 1875, 
 appointed him special master in Chancery, 
 and on April 1, 1877, he was elevated to the 
 
212 
 
 HISTOEY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 bench, being appointed president judge of 
 the Court of Common Pleas in Camden 
 County by Governor Joseph D. Bedle. He 
 filled the term of five years with recognized 
 ability. In 1873 Judge Pancoast was ad- 
 mitted to practice in the United States Court 
 of New Jersey, and also the United States 
 Circuit Court and the Supreme Court of the 
 United States. 
 
 Charles T. Reed, the third law judge 
 of the Camden County Courts, was born in 
 Trenton, N. J., in 1843. He obtained a 
 preparatory education at the Academy, the 
 High School and the Model School, of that 
 city, and afterwards entered the Wesleyan 
 University, at Middletown, Conn., from 
 which institution he was graduated. He 
 soon thereafter entered the office of Hon. 
 Thomas P. Carpenter, of Camden, as a stu- 
 dent-at-law, was admitted to the bar as an 
 attorney in 1865, and as a counselor in 1868. 
 He practiced law with success until 1882, 
 during which years he was appointed by 
 Governor Ludlow, president law judge of 
 the Court of Common Pleas of Camden 
 County. After serving about three years of 
 his term he died, at the early age of forty- 
 two, from a violent attack of typhoid fever, 
 on Saturday evening, February 7, 1885. 
 Judge Reed was married to Miss Emma 
 Creft, of Philadelphia, who survived him. 
 He left no descendants. 
 
 John W. Westcott was born at Water- 
 ford, Camden County, and his early life was 
 spent in the glass factory in his native town. 
 He attended a preparatory school in Massa- 
 chusetts, and went from thence to Yale 
 College. When he had completed his Col- 
 lege course, he read law with the Honorable 
 Dexter R. Wright, of New Haven, and then 
 entered his name in the office of Samuel H. 
 Grey, Esq., of Camden, and was admitted to 
 the New Jersey bar, as an attorney, in 1879, 
 and three years later admitted as a counselor- 
 at-law. At the death of Charles T. Reed, 
 Presiding-Judge of the Court of Common 
 
 Pleas, of Camden County, Governor Abbett 
 appointed Mr. Westcott to the unexpired 
 term of Judge Reed, a position he has since 
 filled with ability. Twice Judge Westcott 
 has been before the people as a candidate of 
 his party, once as the nominee for the State 
 Senate in 1884, and in 1886 was made the 
 unanimous choice of his party as a candidate 
 for Congress in the First Congressional Dis- 
 trict. 
 
 LAY .judges. 
 
 John Clement, judge of the Court of 
 Errors and Appeals, son of John and Han- 
 nah (Chew) Clement, was born November 
 8, A.D. 1818, in Haddonfield, New Jersey. 
 At that time his father was in the midst of 
 an active business life, constantly engaged 
 in the surveying of land, the settlement of 
 disputed boundaries and the division of real 
 estate, and it is possible that the subject of 
 this sketch cannot remember when he first 
 heard questions discussed that were thus in- 
 volved. It may be said that his education 
 as a surveyor, and his familiarity with mat- 
 ters pertaining thereto, began in his infancy 
 and grew with him to manhood. As his 
 years increased and the physical as well as 
 the mental labor attendant upon the field- 
 work of surveying became a tax upon his 
 strength and endurance, the father gradually 
 gave place to the son, with the benefit of his 
 experience, the use of his papers and the in- 
 fluence of his reputation. These were ad- 
 vantages not to be disregarded, and with the 
 introduction of new and improved instru- 
 ments, he filled the place thus left vacant, 
 and has pursued the same calling for some 
 forty years. As the value of land increased 
 it was demanded that some evidence of the 
 title to real estate should be shown, which, 
 although it increased the labor and responsi- 
 bility of the conveyancer, yet were entirely 
 legitimate and proper inquiries to be an- 
 swered. 
 
 In 1851, and upon his father's resignation, 
 he was chosen a member of the Council of 
 

 f'- 
 
THE BENCH AND BAR. 
 
 213 
 
 Proprietors of West New Jersey, the duties 
 of which, and the records there found, led 
 to much instruction in the history of titles to 
 land in the State. At the annual meeting of 
 that body in 1885 he was elected president, 
 and has so acted since that time. 
 
 In 1854 he was appointed one of the asso- 
 ciate judges of the several courts of Camden 
 County, and reappointed in 1860. Many 
 interesting cases were heard and disposed of 
 during his term of office, from which he de- 
 rived much valuable information as applica- 
 ble to his line of business. In 1864 he was 
 appointed by Governor Joel Parker one of the 
 lay judges of the Court of Errors and Appeals 
 of the State of New Jersey, sitting at Tren- 
 ton. Being the court of last i-esort in all 
 eases, the most important ones only reach 
 that tribunal, and are there disposed of. The 
 Court of Pardons, consisting of the Governor, 
 chancellor and the six lay judges of the Court 
 of Errors and Appeals, has many delicate 
 duties, involving care and prudence in their 
 discharge. 
 
 Having, by this promotion, access to the 
 several offices of record at the capital, a new 
 field of research was opened, which he eagerly 
 entered upon. Examining each book page 
 by page, a mine of historical knowledge 
 was developed, which yielded ample reward 
 for all the labor, and has proved invaluable 
 in establishing titles to land, settling genea- 
 logical questions and strengthening facts here- 
 tofore regarded as traditional. 
 
 In 1877 John Clement was appointed by 
 Governor Joseph D. Bedle one of three com- 
 missioners to examine into the prison system 
 of the State and suggest any improvement in 
 the same, and in 1879 was appointed by 
 Governor George B. McClellan upon a com- 
 mission to " prepare a system of general laws 
 for the government of municipalities hereto- 
 fore or hereafter to be incorporated in this 
 State." 
 
 As a member of the Surveyors' Associa- 
 tion of West New Jersey, which was organ- 
 
 ized in 1864, he has always been active from 
 its inception. This society has been a success 
 and accomplished its purposes fully. The 
 social intercourse and interchange of senti- 
 ment and opinion among the members is of 
 great advantage and the valuable papers read 
 have saved many points of history relating to 
 the southern part of the State from loss. 
 
 He is author of several articles printed in 
 magazines and newspapers relating to histor- 
 ical subjects, and in 1877 published a volume 
 of five hundred and fifty pages, containing 
 sketches of the first settlers in his native 
 township. Apart from the errors incident to 
 such work, it is found to be useful and of 
 interest to such as are in search of their 
 ancestors. In 1885, he was appointed by the 
 Supreme Court of New Jersey, as one of the 
 commissioners to settle a disputed line between 
 the counties of Burlington and Atlantic, which 
 was accomplished the same year. 
 
 Judge Clement has an extensive knowledge 
 of the early history of West New Jersey, and 
 has been unceasing in his interest in the pre- 
 paration of the " History of Camden County " 
 as embraced in this volume. By his wise 
 counsel and efficient aid, the author and pub- 
 lishers of this History have been greatly en- 
 abled to furnish to the people of Camden 
 County the work in its present exhaustive 
 and complete form. 
 
 John Clement, Se., was born in Haddon- 
 field, N. J., on the 10th day of September, 
 A.D. 1769, and was the eldest of the two 
 children of Nathaniel and Abigail (Rowand) 
 Clement. He had a distinct recollection of 
 many incidents of the Revolutionary War 
 that occurred in his native town. His op- 
 portunities for education were limited, but 
 with a fondness for study, the assistance of 
 his parents and diligent application, he man- 
 aged to overcome the primary branches and 
 obtain some knowledge of mathematics. 
 When quite a young man he fancied a sea- 
 faring life would suit him, but a trip from 
 Philadelphia to the Lower Delaware Bay 
 
214 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEESEY. 
 
 during a severe wind-storm convinced him 
 
 that he was not of those " who go down to 
 
 the sea in ships." The first public office 
 
 held by John Clement was that of constable 
 
 for the township of Newton, in Gloucester 
 
 County, and it was brought about in this 
 
 wise. At the town-meeting of March 19, 
 
 1790, the following entry was made: 
 
 " It being deemed by the town to be Nathaniel 
 Clement's turn to serve as constable for the ensuing 
 year, the meeting agreed that he shall have liberty 
 to propose a person to serve iu said office in his 
 stead : and the said Nathaniel producing to said 
 meeting his son John Clement, it was agreed he 
 shall be appointed to said office." 
 
 This appointment was made about six 
 months before he attained his majority, and 
 was done to relieve his father of the duties 
 of the office. He was at various times free- 
 holder, committeeman and surveyor of high- 
 ways, and claimed it was the duty of every 
 tax -payer to serve the township to prevent 
 the waste of money. His military career ex- 
 tended through many years of his life. 
 From a private in one of the uniformed 
 companies of the county, he was in 1798 
 recommended by Lieutenant-Colonel Joshua 
 L. Howell, and appointed by the Governor 
 (Richard Howell) as adjutant of the Second 
 Regiment of the Gloucester Militia. In the 
 War of 1812 he had a place on the staff of 
 General Elmer, with rank of major, and was 
 employed in laying out the camp at Billings- 
 port and opening roads to it. 
 
 He also acted as paymaster, and upon the 
 discharge of the troops went into each of the 
 counties of West Jersey to pay the soldiers. 
 The pay-rolls of the several companies show 
 the signatures of each private upon the re- 
 ceipt of his money. These papers, in good 
 preservation, are now in possession of the 
 adjutant-general at Trenton, where they can 
 be examined by those curious in such mat- 
 ters. Very useful they have been to prove 
 the service of many soldiers, whose papers 
 had been lost, when they or their widows 
 made application for pensions. 
 
 In 1824 he was appointed colonel of the 
 Second Regiment of the Gloucester Brigade 
 and ranked as such officer until 1837, when 
 he was advanced to the position of brigadier- 
 general of the Gloucester Brigade, and took 
 the oath of office the same year. Upon the 
 separation of Camden County from Old 
 Gloucester, in 1844, he was continued in the 
 same rank, but refused every position, civil 
 or military, under the new dispensation. He 
 become a practical surveyor when a young 
 man, and was so engaged the most of his 
 active business life. His field-books, maps 
 and memoranda collected during that time 
 show his care and industry. In 1809 he 
 become a, member of the Council of Proprietors 
 of West Jersey, which body sat at Burling- 
 ton four times each year. In 1813 he was 
 made a deputy surveyor, and in 1816 elected 
 vice-president of the board. In 1832, and 
 upon the death of William Irick, he was 
 chosen president of the Board of Proprietors, 
 and so remained until his resignation as a 
 member, in 1851. 
 
 In 1799 he was appointed collector of the 
 revenue for the federal government in the 
 county of Gloucester, "arising upon domestic 
 distilled spirits and stills, upon sales at auc- 
 tion, upon carriages for the conveyance of 
 persons, upon licenses to retail wines and 
 foreign distilled spirits, upon snuff or snuff- 
 mills and upon refined sugar." This posi- 
 tion entailed upon him much labor and 
 responsibility, the territory being large and 
 the settlements in many parts long distances 
 from each other. How long he discharged 
 the duties does not appear. 
 
 In the same year (1799) he received his 
 first commission as justice of the peace, the 
 duties of which office he discharged until 
 his advancing years induced him to relin- 
 quish it. 
 
 He was the first postmaster in Haddon- 
 field, his commission being dated March 22, 
 1803. This w^s the second year of the first 
 term of Thomas Jefferson's administration as 
 
|^^f%s 
 
 Y?'^?0^l-' Cp Ccyrrz.6'l''-r^ 
 
THE BENCH AND BAK. 
 
 215 
 
 President of the United States, and shadows 
 his political inclinations at that time. 
 
 In 1805 he was appointed one of the judges 
 of the several courts of Gloucester County. 
 His punctuality in attendance and his busi- 
 ness methods soon brought him into notice, 
 and in 1824 he become the presiding officer 
 of the court in the absence of the law judge. 
 About the year 1822 the subject was 
 agitated as to the building of a canal from 
 the Delaware River at Easton to the Hudson 
 River at Jersey City. The enterprise was 
 at last commenced and much trouble arose 
 with the land-owners where it passed as to 
 damage. April 15, 1830, Chief Justice 
 Charles Ewing appointed John Clement, 
 William N. Shinn and John Patterson com- 
 missioners to settle these disputes. In the 
 discharge of this duty they made a report 
 which was accepted by the court and was 
 generally satisfactory. 
 
 Of muscular frame, well-developed and 
 healthy, his endurance was remarkable, and 
 he preserved his strength and faculties to a 
 ripe old age. Gradually yielding to the en- 
 croachments of an insidious disease and ad- 
 vancing years, he died on the evening of 
 July 4, 1855. 
 
 John K. Cowperthwaitb, who was one 
 of the prominent lay judges of the courts of 
 Camden County, was born in 1787, in the 
 old frame house standing on the east bank of 
 Coopers Creek, between the Federal Street 
 and Pennsylvania Railroad bridges. He re- 
 moved into the town of Camden in 1820, 
 and, uniting intelligence with integrity, he so 
 won the confidence of the people, that they 
 trusted him almost implicitly, and he was in 
 office continuously during his life, frequently 
 holding several at the same time. He was a 
 magistrate of the county, and, as such, a judge 
 of the County Court, and when justices of 
 the peace ceased to be judges of the County 
 Court he was appointed by the Legislature, 
 term after term, almost without interruption 
 until his death. He was a member of the 
 
 township committee of Camden township 
 nearly the entire eighteen years of its exist- 
 ence, and was also a member of the Board of 
 Chosen Freeholders. He took an active part 
 in securing the city charter of 1828, and was 
 appointed recorder, serving for twelve years, 
 and served on most of the important com- 
 mittees in Camden City Council. When the 
 mayor was made elective by the people, in 
 1844, he was the choice, serving one year. 
 He was a candidate for the office in 1854, but 
 was defeated. In the efflarts to increase the 
 educational facilities, in 1843, Judge Cow- 
 perthwaite took an active part and gave the 
 cause of education material assistance. He 
 early attached himself to the Methodist 
 Church and was one of its pillars, holding 
 various offices and exemplifying its principles 
 in his life. He was the confidant of many, 
 who sought his counsel, and while free in his 
 charities, was unostentatious, and few, save 
 the beneficiaries, knew, when he died. May 
 6, 1873, how kindly a heart had ceased to 
 beat. 
 
 Asa p. Horner was a thrifty and pro- 
 gressive farmer of Stockton township, and 
 had the confidence of his neighbors in hold- 
 ing many local offices among them. He was 
 twice appointed one of the judges of the 
 Camden County Courts, and discharged his 
 duties acceptably. He was a descendant of 
 one of the old families on " Pea Shore," from 
 whence, in ancient times, Philadelphia was 
 supplied with early vegetables and like pro- 
 duce. The location and soil was adapted to 
 this end, and he was but an indifferent farmer 
 who did not make it profitable. Like other 
 branches of agriculture, this has kept pace 
 with the various improvements made, show- 
 ing that a few acres well tilled is better than 
 many poorly cultivated. The "trucker" of 
 fifty years ago would refuse to be convinced 
 of any profit, if shown the cost of fertihzers 
 and labor now put upon the land to force the 
 crops and increase the yield. He was an 
 " Old-Line Whig " until the defeat of Henry 
 
216 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEESEY. 
 
 Clay for President, when he affiliated with 
 the Democratic party and became a promi- 
 nent man in that division of national politics. 
 
 ATTOENEYS-AT-LAW. 
 
 William N. Jepfbes was born in Salem 
 County and removed in his youth to Camden. 
 When he grew to manhood he was in stature 
 tall and finely formed, with the exquisite 
 manners of the olden time. He was in poli- 
 ties an ardent apostle of the Democratic 
 faith, and was sent by President Jackson as 
 the American representative to one of the 
 South American States, but he soon returned 
 and resumed the practice of the law. 
 
 Mr. Jeifers' brilliant qualities as a lawyer 
 were recognized all over West Jersey, to 
 which his practice was chiefly confined. His 
 second wife outlived him, but he had no 
 children, and his estate descended to Com- 
 mander Jeliers, who distinguished himself as 
 an ofiicer of the American navy during the 
 War for the Union ; who has frequently 
 been presented with testimonials of great 
 value by other nations, and now lives, after 
 a useful and gallant' career, in Washington, 
 as a retired officer of the United States Navy, 
 
 Thomas Chapman was born in Salem 
 County, New Jersey, and from thence re- 
 moved to Camden, locating his office in 
 Second Street near Plum (now Arch Street), 
 on property belonging to the late Dr. Tho- 
 mas W. Cullen. Mr. Chapman was a lawyer 
 of solid attainments rather than of brilliant 
 oratory. In fact, the great Judge Parsons, 
 of Massachusetts, said that mere oratory was 
 a hindrance rather than a help to an active 
 and successful practitioner at the bar. But 
 as a counselor, Mr. Chapman had no superior 
 in the select circle of lawyers who then 
 formed the bar of Camden County. Among 
 these was the venerable Josiah Harrison who, 
 late in life, removed from Camden to Wood- 
 bury, where he died. Thomas Chapman was 
 a laborious lawyer, faithful to the interests 
 of his clients. He was married happily, but 
 
 the union was not blessed with children. 
 One morning, in summer, (Mr. Chapman 
 being nearly sixty years old), the door of the 
 little frame office on Second Street was found 
 open, and Thomas Chapman lying dead at 
 his table, with his books opeu before him. 
 It is supposed he died of heart disease. 
 
 Among the earliest resident lawyers of 
 Camden was Morris Croxall, who was ad- 
 mitted to practice in the Gloucester County 
 courts in September, 1821. He died in 
 Camden, and although prominent in his day, 
 no facts in regard to him, further than here 
 presented, can be procured. 
 
 Jeremiah H. Sloan, admitted to the bar 
 in ] 821, was a distinguished lawyer, who was 
 ten years older than Hon. Abraham Brown- 
 ing, of Camden. He was the cotemporary of 
 Samuel L. Southard, William N. Jeffers and 
 Judge John Moore White, who died at Wood- 
 bury, N. J., at a good old age, full of years 
 and of honor. Jeremiah Sloan was perhaps 
 the most brilliant lawyer in West Jersey, keen 
 in his perceptions, never a very hard student, 
 but gifted with magnetism of temperament 
 and eloquent in speech, and possessed of fine 
 social qTialities which caused him to be 
 warmly welcomed wherever he went. 
 
 His professional services were sought for 
 far and wide, and paid for by admiring 
 clients with liberal itv. Those who best re- 
 member him say that he united the wit of 
 Sheridan with the social graces of Charles 
 James Fox, the celebrated English statesman. 
 
 He was one of the most remarkable 
 men who ever practiced at the West Jersey 
 bar. His mind was alert, his forensic style 
 witty, humorous and argumentative. He was 
 a quick and accurate judge of character. 
 Ready and skillful in the examination of 
 witnesses, eloquent, persuasive and con- 
 vincing in addressing a jury, he was well 
 equipped with all the qualities necessary for 
 success at the Nisi Prius bar, of which he 
 was in his day the accepted leader. Per- 
 sonally he was a man of warm and generous 
 
THE BENCH AND BAR. 
 
 217 
 
 impulses, social, indeed convivial. He was 
 extremely popular and pleasing in manner, 
 and was equally at home at the convivial 
 assemblages of the lawyers, more common in 
 his day than now, or in addressing a court 
 upon the dryest legal proposition. He died 
 at Mount Holly, broken in health and 
 fortune, leaving little behind him but the de- 
 lightful recollections of his friends and the 
 general reputation of a brilliant character. 
 
 Richard W. Howell was born on a 
 plantation called " Fancy Hill," in Glouces- 
 ter County. His father and mother were 
 both prominent during the Revolution of 
 1776, and many are the pleasing tales of 
 generous hospitality to the officers of the 
 patriot army, who were wont to pause at the 
 home of Colonel Howell, and, amidst the 
 joys of an old-time welcome, forget for a day 
 the great struggle for liberty. 
 
 Mr. Howell married a sister of Hon. 
 Thomas P. Carpenter, and she still survives 
 her husband and her brother. Richard W. 
 Howell's mother, like his father, was a re- 
 markable person, and when she found her- 
 self a widow, with a large family and an en- 
 cumbered property, she managed the Howell 
 estate, much of it lying along the Delaware 
 River and including the Howell fishery, so 
 that in a few years it was clear of debt, and 
 at her death there wa.s a handsome estate to 
 divide among the heirs without incum- 
 brance of any kind. 
 
 Mr. Howell was early bred to the law, 
 and made a careful, conscientious and suc- 
 cessful member of the profession. He was 
 admitted to the New Jersey bar in Septem- 
 ber, 1827. His office, which he occupied 
 till his death, was a small, one-story room in 
 Plum Street (now Arch), in Camden, built 
 by William N. Jeffers and now owned by 
 Judge WoodhuU's estate. 
 
 Richard W. Howell was, like the rest of 
 the Howell family, a gentleman of distin- 
 guished appearance. He was possessed of 
 rarely courteous manners and was a laborious 
 28 
 
 lawyer. The ordinances of Camden City 
 Council bear the impress of his legal mind, 
 and he was frequently elected to the Council 
 chamber, and was once mayor of the city. 
 No man in the profession was more beloved 
 by his fellow-members of the bar. 
 
 He left a large family, one of his sons be- 
 ing a well-known physician in Philadelphia, 
 another a successful lawyer, and still another 
 died in battle at the head of his company in 
 the War of the Rebellion. 
 
 Robert K. Matlock, who was a practi- 
 tioner at the Camden courts immediately after 
 their organization, was born at Woodbury, 
 Gloucester County, January 22, 1804, and 
 was the son of Hon. James Matlock, at one 
 time a member of Congress, whose American 
 ancestor, William Matlock, was among the 
 Friends who settled at Burlington, N. J., 
 about the year 1760. His law preceptor 
 was Charles Chauncey, Esq., of Philadelphia; 
 was admitted as attorney November 16, 
 1827, and as counselor September 6, 1833. 
 He died April 27, 1877, at his home in 
 Woodbury. 
 
 Abraham Browninc4 was born July 26, 
 1808, on his father's farm, in the vicinity of 
 Camden. The family to which he belongs 
 is one of the oldest in the State of New 
 Jersey. The American founder, George 
 Browning, came immediately from Holland, 
 although of ancient English lineage, about 
 the year 1735, and settled near Pea Shore. 
 George Browning's son Abraham followed 
 in his father's footsteps and became a farmer. 
 He married Beulah Genge, who, like him- 
 self, was a native of New Jersey, but whose 
 parents were English, arriving in America 
 from London about the year 1760. From 
 this marriage sprang the subject of this 
 sketch and a numerous progeny. Abraham 
 obtained his earliest education at the country 
 schools in the neighborhood of his home. 
 Possessed of a large capacity for acquiring 
 knowledge, and gifted with a studious tem- 
 perament, he made most effective use of all 
 
218 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 his opportunities, and laid a solid founda- 
 tion, broad and deep, for the superstructure 
 of after-years. After an elementary course 
 thus satisfactorily pursued, he was placed at 
 the academy at Woodbury. From this he 
 was transferred to the popular school of 
 John Gummere, in Burlington. The en- 
 larged advantages here offered Abraham 
 Browning were industriously improved, and 
 he obtained a good English and a limited 
 classical education. 
 
 He became a student in the law-office of 
 Hon. Samuel L. Southard, at Trenton, in 
 1830. At the expiration of a year passed 
 in preliminary study he entered the Law 
 School of Yale College, and, after remaining 
 two years, he entered the office of the well- 
 known Philadelphia lawyer, Charles Chaun- 
 cey. He was admitted to the bar in Septem- 
 ber, 1834, and immediately thereafter began 
 to practice his profession in Camden, where 
 he has ever since resided, laboring in his 
 chosen career. He early became noted for 
 the care and ability with which the business 
 intrusted to his care was managed, and, as a 
 natural consequence, he made steady and 
 rapid progress through the ranks. With 
 clear perception, a well-trained and well- 
 stored mind, to which constant study was 
 ever bringing valuable contributions, in- 
 domitable industry and never-tiring investi- 
 gation of detail, he obtained so thorough a 
 mastery over his cases as to be almost in^ 
 vincible when he advised contest. Nowhere 
 in the ranks of the profession could a harder 
 student have been found ; not one among the 
 aspirants to similar fame devoted more faithful 
 and painstaking labor to his client's inter- 
 ests than he has done. His aid has been 
 sought in many important issues beyond the 
 borders of New Jersey, and his reputation 
 is national. As a constitutional lawyer he 
 has been a recognized authority, and his 
 opinion on points of constitutional issue car- 
 ries great weight. In railroad cases, also, he 
 has been regarded as especially strong, and 
 
 he has been engaged in many important 
 cases, involving difficult and delicate points 
 of railroad law. His famous contest with 
 Hon. Theodore Cuyler, the Pennsylvania 
 Railroad case, in 1871, will long be remem- 
 bered by members of the profession for the 
 profound legal learning, easy mastery over 
 the mazy difficulties of a peculiarly intricate 
 litigation, readiness of resource, patient en- 
 durance and overwhelming strength he man- 
 ifested. 
 
 To him, in part, New Jersey owes its 
 present Constitution, inasmuch as he was an 
 active and prominent member of the conven- 
 tion called in 1844 for the revision of the 
 then existing instrument. He was also the 
 first attorney-general under the Constitution 
 so revised, being appointed to that position 
 by Governor Charles C. Stratton in the same 
 year. This office he held during the regular 
 term of five years. 
 
 His successes as a lawyer do not bound 
 his career. He has stepped beyond merely 
 professional boundaries in his studies and 
 researches, and in whatever direction his 
 tastes have led him, the same thoroughness 
 and success have marked his efforts. 
 
 Mr. Browning was married. May 23, 
 1842, to Elizabeth, daughter of Hon. James 
 Matlock, of Woodbury, N. J., whose Amer- 
 ican ancestor, William Matlock, was among 
 the Quakers who settled at Burlington, N. J., 
 about the year 1678. 
 
 William Daniel Cooper was a son of 
 Richard M. Cooper, late president of the 
 National State Bank of Camden, and a lineal 
 descendant in the seventh generation of Wil- 
 liam and Margaret Cooper, who in 1681 were 
 the first settlers on the site of Camden. He 
 was born in the homestead on Cooper Street the 
 30th day of August, 1816, being the twin 
 brother of Dr. Richard M. Cooper, and after 
 obtaining a preparatory education entered the 
 University of Pennsylvania, from which in- 
 stitution he was graduated in 1836. He 
 studied law in the office of the Hon. Wil- 
 
<^i^j:yJ>u//_ Q^.PhdJd^ 
 
THE BENCH AND BAK. 
 
 219 
 
 Ham M. Meredith, of Philadelphia. He was 
 admitted a member ot" the Philadelphia bar 
 in 1841 and the same year was admitted to 
 practice in the courts of New Jersey. Upon 
 the death of his father, in 1844, he became 
 the manager of his estate, which embraced 
 lands now covered by much of the most at- 
 tractively built-up portion of the city of 
 Camden. This gave him an extensive busi- 
 ness as a real estate lawyer, and he managed 
 the large interest included with judicious 
 care and characteristic ability. By laying 
 off in lots much of the lands previously 
 owned by his father, he greatly enhanced the 
 value of the property in North Camden and 
 very materially increased the amount of the 
 estate placed under his special care and direc- 
 tion. His experience as a real estate lawyer 
 and counselor gave him an extended office 
 practice and he seldom appeared in court in 
 the trial of causes. He contributed much to 
 the growth and development of the city of 
 Camden, and was constantly studying how 
 best to advance the material welfare of the 
 community. He was kind-hearted, benevo- 
 lent and philanthropic. Feeling the need of 
 a hospital in West Jersey, he and his brother. 
 Dr. Richard M. Cooper, turned their atten- 
 tion toward establishing one in Camden. 
 Both died before the realization of their 
 jilans for the erection of such a building. 
 Their sisters — Sarah W. and Elizabeth B. 
 Cooper, in accordance with the wishes of 
 their deceased brothers, generously donated 
 two hundred thousand dollars for the estab- 
 lishment and endowment of the Cooper Hos- 
 pital, and with their brother, Alexander 
 Cooper, conveyed a large tract of land elig- 
 ibly located in Camden, upon which to erect 
 a building for that purpose. The manage- 
 ment of this noble charity (a history of 
 which is given in the Medical Chapter of 
 this work), was placed in the hands of a 
 board of trustees created under au act of 
 incorporation by the State Legislature March 
 24th, 1875. 
 
 Mr. Cooper was for a time president of 
 the Gas Coinpany, a director in the National 
 State Bank and for a time counsel for the 
 same institution. In politics he was origi- 
 nally a Whig in the days of that party and 
 afterwards an ardent Eepublican. Early 
 in its history he became a member of the 
 Union League of Philadelphia. He devoted 
 much of his time to reading and was well 
 versed in general literature. In religion he 
 was a believer in the faith of his ancestor 
 and was a member of the Society of Friends. 
 
 MoRHis E. Hamilton was admitted to 
 the bar in September, 1842, after preparing 
 for his profession in the office of his father. 
 General Samuel R. Hamilton, of Trenton. 
 He located in Camden in November of the 
 same year of his admission and continued a 
 member of the Camden County bar for two 
 years, at the expiration of which time he re- 
 moved to Philadelphia and practiced chiefly 
 in Kensington and Spring Garden in partner- 
 ship with the late Laban Burkhardt. In 
 1849 he went to Trenton to become the edi- 
 tor of a paper which his father had purchased 
 and which was then changed to the Daily 
 True Ameriean, the Democratic organ of the 
 State capital, which position he held until 
 1853. He has since edited a number of in- 
 fluential journals and is now the efficient 
 State librarian at Trenton. 
 
 Thomas W. Mulford, with three 
 brothers, came from Salem County and set- 
 tled in Camden County in the year 1852. 
 Thomas W. Mujford, being a leading and in- 
 fluential member of the Democratic party, 
 was soon appointed by the Governor as pros- 
 ecutor of the pleas of Camden County, a 
 position he filled with great credit to himself 
 and to the county for many years. Mr. 
 Mulford was a' fluent, eloquent and able 
 speaker, and his voice was always welcomed 
 by his party adherents, who nominated him 
 for Congress in the First District, now repre- 
 sented by George Hires. He was also twice 
 a member of the Legislature of New Jersey, 
 
220 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 where his wise and discriminating statesman- 
 ship made liim a valuable member, much re- 
 spected by both parties. Mr. Mulford's 
 health failed him and he died in Salem 
 County on his farm, leaving a family and a 
 large circle of friends. He was a relative by 
 marriage of the late United States Senator 
 Hon. A. G. Cattell, of Merchantville, N. J. ; 
 Philip H. Mulford, one of the brothers of 
 the prosecutor of the pleas, was deputy prose- 
 cutor of the pleas for Camden County ; then 
 associated with General Wright, of Hoboken, 
 N. J., in the practice of the law, and in 1860 
 went to California, where he died. 
 
 James B. Dayton was born January 27, 
 1822, at Basking Ridge, Somerset County, 
 N. J. He was a son of Joel Dayton and 
 lineal descendant of Ralph Dayton, who em- 
 igrated from Yorkshire, England, in 1639 
 and settled at Boston, one of whose descend- 
 ants, Jonathan Dayton, located at Elizabeth- 
 town about 1725, and was the progenitor of 
 the Dayton family in New Jersey. His son, 
 Elias Dayton, was a brigadier-general in the 
 patriot array of the Revolution, command- 
 ing the New Jersey Brigade, and member of 
 Congress in 1778 and 1779. His son Jona- 
 than was a member of the convention which 
 framed the Constitution of the United States, 
 speaker of the Fourth and Fifth Congresses, 
 and United States Senator from 1799 to 1805. 
 
 William L. Dayton, a brother of James B. 
 Dayton, after filling with honor the most im- 
 portant positions in New Jersey, was a Sena- 
 tor of the United States from 1842 to 1851, 
 Republican candidate for Vice-President in 
 1856, and minister to France from 1861 un- 
 til his death, shortly before the close of the 
 War of the Rebellion. 
 
 James B. Dayton graduated from Prince- 
 ton College in 1841, studied law with his 
 brother, William L. Dayton, became an at- 
 torney in 1844, and counselor-at-law in 1847. 
 He settled at Camden and very soon became 
 one of the leading advocates of the New 
 Jersey bar. His practice was large, his con- 
 
 quests brilliant, and he was acknowledged to 
 be one of the most eloquent lawyers in South- 
 ern New Jersey. He became the legal ad- 
 viser of the Board of Freeholders, city so- 
 licitor, city treasurer and one of the first 
 board of Riparian Commissions. He was a 
 man of vigorous mind but delicate physique, 
 which caused him in later life to forego the 
 triumphs of the court and devote his entire 
 energies to the less exciting duties of an ofiice 
 practice, and ultimately to retire wholly from 
 the law and also to renounce all aspirations 
 for political life. 
 
 He was married, in 1848, to Louisa, daugh- 
 ter of William M. Clarke, of Philadelphia; 
 her death occurred in 1856, leaving two chil- 
 dren surviving — William C, a member of 
 the Camden bar, and Louisa, now wife of 
 Peter V. A^oorhees, a lawyer in Camden. 
 In 1859 he married Sadie, daughter of Judge 
 Alexander Thomson, of Franklin County, 
 a celebrated jurist of Pennsylvania. 
 
 Being compelled to give up the practice 
 of his profession, he turned his attention to 
 corporate interests. He was president of the 
 West Jersey Feriy Company for over six- 
 teen years, giving prosperity to the company 
 and satisfaction to its j)atrons ; president of 
 the Camden Safe Deposit and Trust Com- 
 pany, which, under his management, became 
 one of the most successful banking institu- 
 tions of the State ; chairman of the execu- 
 tive committee of the board of directors of 
 the Camden and Atlantic Railroad Com- 
 pany, which he materially aided in raising 
 from insolvency to affluence. He was also, 
 from its inception, chairman of the board of 
 directors of the Sea View Hotel Company, 
 a very successful corporation. He was a man 
 of sound judgment, kindly impulses and 
 gentle disposition, and his death from pro- 
 gressive paralysis, March 9, 1886, caused uni- 
 versal sorrow. 
 
 Thomas H. Dudley was born in Eves- 
 ham township, Burlington County, New 
 Jersey, October 9, 1819, being the descend- 
 
THE BENCH AND BAR. 
 
 221 
 
 ant of an English family resident in this 
 country since the latter part of the seven- 
 teenth century. His early education was ob- 
 tained in the schools near the vicinity of his 
 birth, and he grew to manhood on his father's 
 farm. Determining upon law as a profes- 
 sion, he entered the office of the late William 
 N. Jeffers, in Camden, and in 1845 was ad- 
 mitted to the New Jersey bar. From the 
 outset of his legal life he held a conspicuous 
 place in his profession, his sound training in 
 the principles and the practice of law uniting 
 to make him successful. Until the dissolu- 
 tion of the Whig party he was one of its 
 stanchest members. Since that event he has 
 been a no less earnest Republican. Elected 
 in 1860 a delegate at large to the Chicago 
 Convention, he occupied a prominent position 
 in it and was greatly instrumental through 
 his energy and tact, in the committee on 
 doubtful States, in securing the nomination 
 of Abraham Lincoln for President. In 1861 
 Mr. Dudley went to Europe, and returned 
 in the fall of the same year, and soon there- 
 after was appointed by Mr. Lincoln as con- 
 sul to Liverpool. The position of our con- 
 sul at this port then was one of great conse- 
 quence and of the greatest delicacy, for from 
 this centre radiated the substantial aid ten- 
 dered to the Confederates by their British 
 supporters. In his effi3rts to enforce the 
 maintenance of the neutrality professed by 
 the government to which he was accredited, 
 the utmost diplomacy was necessary to avoid 
 bringing to open war the expressed hostility 
 between the two countries. Everywhere his 
 endeavor to check the flow of supplies to the 
 Confederacy met with a determined resist- 
 ance. With a force of one hundred men he 
 policed the ship-yards of England and Scot- 
 land, he himself incognito, constantly visit- 
 ing every shipping centre and registering 
 every keel laid down upon the books of the 
 Liverpool consulate. Nor was his zeal un- 
 attended with danger. Again and again he 
 received anonymous letters warning him that 
 
 unless he ceased his opposition to the exten- 
 sion of assistance to the Confederate govern- 
 ment, that his life would be taken, and if 
 found in certain designated spots he would 
 be shot on sight. But these threats had small 
 effects upon his stern nature. He had been 
 charged with a high duty and that duty he 
 fulfilled with a calm determination. He re- 
 mained at his post until November, 1868, 
 when he, returned to the United States for a 
 brief visit. He resumed his duties in Liver- 
 pool, and three years later he again returned 
 to America, and, wearied by his decade of ar- 
 duous official life, tendered his resignation of 
 his consulate. The government, however, 
 requested his services in the case of the 
 United States to be laid before the Joint 
 High Commission at Geneva, and he assisted 
 in the compilation of the case to go before 
 the Geneva tribunal, supplying the material 
 upon which the judgment in favor of the 
 United States was rendered. In 1872 he again 
 returned to the United States and tendered 
 his resignation, to take effect upon the ap- 
 pointment of his successor. 
 
 Since his return to America Mr. Dudley 
 has been engaged in the practice of his pro- 
 fession in Camden, New Jersey, residing up- 
 on his beautiful country-seat, three miles 
 from the city. He has been president of 
 the Pittsburgh,Titusville and Buffalo Railroad 
 Company, and of the New Jersey Mining 
 Company, besides being a member of the 
 boards of direction of the Camden and Atlan- 
 tic Railroad Company, West Jersey Railroad 
 Company, Camden and Philadelphia Ferry 
 Company and People's Gas Light Company, 
 of Jersey City. 
 
 Isaac Mickle was one of the most re- 
 markable men in the early history of Camden 
 County. His grandfather was Isaac Mickle, 
 farmer, who married Sarah Wilkins, and 
 from that marriage four children were born, 
 —John W. Mickle, Rachel Mickle (who 
 married Isaac S. Mulford, M.D.,) and Mary 
 Mickle, who married Samuel Haines, of Bur- 
 
222 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 lington County, a well-known sheriff of that 
 bailiwick, and Isaac Mickle, who married 
 Rebecca Morgan, from which alliance sprang 
 Isaac Mickle who, as soon, and even before 
 he reached man's estate, became a central and 
 controlling figure in the affairs of his native 
 County. He began the study of law with 
 Colonel Page. Isaac Mickle, who was the 
 only child of his parents, was also, presuma- 
 bly, the heir of his uncle, John W. Mickle, 
 who had acquired by descent and purchase, 
 nearly all the land on either side of the 
 turnpike, between Camden and Gloucester 
 City. Isaac Mickle was a boon companion 
 of T. Buchanan Read, the artist and poet, 
 and author of " Sheridan's Ride." 
 
 While studying with Colonel Page, and 
 mastering the mysteries of his chosen profes- 
 sion, he became acquainted with Clara Tyn- 
 dale, the sister of General Hector Tyndale, 
 who was once elected mayor of Philadelphia. 
 Mrs. Tyndale, the mother of Clara, was, 
 herself, a woman of talent, and with Haw- 
 thorn, George William Curtis and other 
 lights of science and literature, became a 
 member of the famous community at " Brook 
 Farm." 
 
 Isaac Mickle married Miss Tyndale and 
 two children resulted from this union, one of 
 whom is now living. The subject of our 
 sketch early displayed a very decided pen- 
 chant for literature, and became the author 
 of a volume called " Recollections of Old 
 Gloucester," which, besides being admirably 
 written, contains a fund of information about 
 the early history of Camden County and 
 West Jersey nowhere else to be found. He 
 became a well-known political writer, and 
 for some years conducted the Camden Demo- 
 crat. He died when under thirty years of 
 age. 
 
 Daniel E. Hough was cotemporary with 
 Hugg and Kinsey, was admitted to the bar 
 in July, 1849, and was for a time in the of- 
 fice of Thomas H. Dudley. He was a promi- 
 nent lawyer, but his services were lost at this 
 
 bar, for, some years prior to the war, he went 
 West, and, subsequently enlisting in an Illi- 
 nois regiment, was killed in battle. 
 
 Alfred Hugg was born in Camden, 
 N. J., August 26j 1826, and educated in the 
 city of Philadelphia. He studied law with 
 William N. Jeffers, of Camden, and was ad- 
 mitted to practice as an attorney in October, 
 1849, and as a counselor three years after. 
 He settled in Camden and has since been 
 engaged in active practice. Mr. Hugg has 
 been city solicitor of Camden, as also city 
 clerk and city treasurer. He was formerly 
 prosecutor of the pleas for Atlantic County. 
 
 Charles W. Kinsey was in the same 
 class as Alfred Hugg, and was admitted to 
 the Camden bar in October, 1849. He prac- 
 ticed considerably in the courts of the 
 county, but was a resident of Burlington and 
 died there. 
 
 Captain Isaac W. Mickle, who was 
 admitted to the bar in January, 1850, died 
 suddenly at Camp Ely, Virginia, on Satur- 
 day, March 22, 1862. During the Mexican 
 War he served as captain of Company A of 
 the New Jersey Battalion. He enlisted in the 
 same capacity in Company F of the Fourth 
 New Jersey Regiment during the three months 
 service, and at the time of his death was iu 
 command of Company A of the Tenth New 
 Jersey Regiment. During the administra- 
 tion of James Buchanan he was collector of 
 the port of Camden. He was at the same time 
 one of the proprietors of the Camden Demo- 
 crat, and took sides against the administra- 
 tion of Buchanan on the Kansas-Nebraska 
 Bill. He was a nephew of John W. Mickle, 
 many years a leading director of the Camden 
 and Amboy Railroad Company. He left a 
 widowed mother and child. Captain Mickle 
 was active in political and military affairs, 
 genial in disposition and liberal in his views. 
 
 Peter L. Voorhees was born at Blaw- 
 enburgh, Somerset County, N. J., July 12, 
 1825, and is a member of a family who trace 
 their line of descent from Coert Albert van 
 
. \/ .- 
 
THE BENCH AND BAR. 
 
 223 
 
 voor Hees, who lived prior to 1600, in front 
 of the village of Hees, near Ruinen, Drenthe, 
 Holland. The derivation of the name may 
 be understood when it is stated that the pre- 
 fix " voor" is the Dutch equivalent of "be- 
 fore," or " in front of" Steven Coerte, son 
 of Coert Albert, emigrated from Holland in 
 April, 1660, and settled at Flatlands, Long 
 Island, on an estate the extent of which is 
 indicated by the fact that he paid for it the 
 large sum of three thousand guilders, in itself 
 a fortune in those days. The great-grandson 
 of Steven Coerte was Peter Gerritse Van 
 Voorhees, who left Long Island in 1720 to 
 escape from the payment of tithes to the Eng- 
 lish Church, which was enforced by the colo- 
 nial government, and established a new home 
 on land which he bought at Blawenburgh. 
 One of his descendants was Peter Van Voor- 
 hees, who gave his land to his grandson Peter, 
 and ordered his slaves to be emancipated. 
 This Peter, whose father, Martin, dropped 
 the prefix " Van " from the family name. 
 He was born May 27, 1787, and married, 
 March 2, 1809, Jane, daughter of Captain 
 John Schenck, who, in December, 1778, with 
 a few of his neighbors and a very scanty 
 supply of ammunition, ambuscaded the 
 British advance guard at Ringoes, and drove 
 it back upon the main column. 
 
 Peter L. Voorhees was the second son. 
 The years preceding his majority he spent 
 upon the homestead, and in the acquirement 
 of a common-school education, and in his 
 twenty-first year he selected the law for his 
 profession. First entering the office of Rich- 
 ard S. Field, at Princeton, as a student, he 
 also studied at the Law School formerly con- 
 nected with the College of New Jersey, from 
 which he received the degrees of LL.B. and 
 A.M. In November, 1851, he was admitted 
 to the bar, and in the next year he removed 
 to Camden, with many of whose most im- 
 portant interests he has since been identified. 
 
 The main characteristic of his professional 
 eminence is his thorough knowledge of the 
 
 law. Profoundly versed in its principles and 
 practice, his mind is a store-house of informa- 
 tion upon its most complicated and abstruse 
 questions. The diligence with which he 
 masters every point in a litigated case is as- 
 sisted to success by a w.onderfully retentive 
 memory and a remarkable power of applica- 
 tion. He is an authority upon the difficult 
 and doubtful intricacies of land titles, and 
 some of his most creditable victories before 
 the courts have been won in such cases. He 
 is also considered an indisputable authority 
 upon the finely discriminating questions of 
 practice. He was opposed to the Pennsyl- 
 vania Company in the memorable suit of 
 Black vs. the Delaware and Raritan Canal 
 Company, in which was involved the control 
 of the New Jersey railways now operated by 
 the former corporation, and was so successful 
 in court that it Avas compelled to procure 
 special legislation to effijct its purpose. Since 
 that time he has become counsel for the 
 Pennsylvania interest, embracing the Cam- 
 den and Amboy, the West Jersey and the 
 Camden and Atlantic Railroads. The Mickle 
 will case was another celebrated litigation 
 which he carried for his clients to a successful 
 
 issue. 
 
 Mr. Voorhees is president of the Camden 
 Safe Deposit and Trust Company, director 
 of the West Jersey Ferry Company and di- 
 rector of the Camden Hospital. In politics 
 he is a conservative Republican, but has al- 
 ways refused to become a candidate for any 
 office, except that for one year he filled the 
 position of city solicitor of Camden, being 
 elected by the Republicans and Democrats, 
 as opposed to the " Native Americans." 
 
 In the matter of religious education and 
 experience, our subject, it may not be im- 
 pi'oper to add, has not been lacking. He was 
 brought up in the Dutch Reformed Church, 
 but since 1853 has affiliated with the Presby- 
 terians, and has been remarkably active in 
 the First Church of Camden, for many years 
 taking particular interest in the Sunday- 
 
224 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 school, in which he has been an untiring, in- 
 teresting and useful teacher. 
 
 On October 16, 1855, Mr. Voorhees mar- 
 ried Anna Finley, sister of Hon. "William M. 
 Dayton, United States Senator, minister to 
 France, and nominjee for Vice-President on 
 the National Republican ticket in 1856. She 
 died in 1880, leaving one child. Miss Jennie 
 Dayton Voorhees. 
 
 George M. Robeson was born at Ox- 
 ford Furnace, Warren County, New Jersey, 
 in 1827. He was graduated from the College 
 of New Jersey, at Princeton, in 1847, and 
 soon after became a student-at-law in the 
 office of Chief-Justice Hornblower, in New- 
 ark, New Jersey. Having been admitted to 
 the bar in 1850, he practiced his profession 
 in that city until he removed to Camden 
 where, in 1859, he was appointed Prosecutor 
 of the Pleas by Governor Newell. At the 
 opening of the Civil War in 1861, Governor 
 Olden appointed him brigadier-general, and 
 he took an active part in the raising of troops 
 and the organization of them. In 1867, 
 Governor Marcus L. Ward tendered him the 
 nomination of Attorney-General of the State 
 of New Jersey, and the Senate confirming 
 the nomination, he entered upon and dis- 
 charged the duties of the office until 1869, 
 when he was appointed Secretary of the 
 Navy, under President Grant, a position 
 which he held until 1877. He is at present 
 engaged in the practice of his profession in 
 the city of Washington. 
 
 Rk'hard S. Jenkins was born at Wheat- 
 land, Pa., and received his academic educa- 
 tion at Burlington, N. J. He began the 
 study of law with Honorable Richard S. 
 Field, and continued under Honorable Thos. 
 P. Carpenter, of Camden. He was admitted 
 in 1860, began practice in Camden, was ap- 
 pointed in 1864 prosecutor of the pleas for 
 the county and held the office for twenty 
 years. 
 
 Lindley H. Miixee, was a native of 
 Morristown, and the son of United States 
 
 Senator Jacob W. Miller. He read law with 
 Thomas H. Dudley, and was admitted to the 
 bar in November, 1855. When" the War for 
 the Union opened he enlisted in the service 
 and gave his life for the preservation of the 
 Union. 
 
 Marmaduke B. Taylor, was born in 
 Philadelphia,^ August 17, 1835, but his life 
 from the age of about four years has been 
 principally spent in Camden. He was the 
 second son of the late Dr. OthnielH. Tayl6r, 
 and brother of Dr. H. G. Taylor. His early 
 education was received in the schools of thetwo 
 cities named, and he aftei-wards attended Rut- 
 gers College, but owing to ill health was com- 
 pelled to abandon a collegiate course, though 
 the honorary degree of A.M. was subse- 
 quently conferred upon him by Rutgers. He 
 commenced the study of law in 1851 with 
 the late Colonel William N. Jeffers, of 
 Camden. He attended a full course of 
 instruction in law at the State and National 
 Law School of Poughkeepsie, N. Y., and 
 graduated in 1855, and had the degree of 
 LL.B. conferred upon him by that institu- 
 tion. He was enrolled in the office of James 
 B. Dayton, Esq., of Camden, about the 
 same time. He also attended a course of 
 law lectures at the University of Pennsyl- 
 vania. He was admitted to the bar of New 
 Jersey at the November Term, 1856, and has 
 continued in practice from that time to the 
 present in Camden. He has been conspic- 
 uous with the various Masonic organizations, 
 and has taken a great interest in everything 
 pertaining to the order. In 1871 he was 
 united in marriage with a daughter of Dr. 
 Joseph Grain, of Cumberland County, Pa. 
 
 James M. Scovel was born in Haurison, 
 Ohio, January 16, 1833, his father being the 
 Rev. Dr. Sylvester F. Scovel and his mother 
 Hannah Matlack, of Woodbury, N. J., a 
 daughter of James Matlack, a former mem- 
 ber of Congress from the First District. 
 James M. Scovel having lost his father when 
 only thirteen years of age, proceeded with 
 
THE BENCH AND BAR. 
 
 225 
 
 his college course at Hanover College, In- 
 .diaua, of which institution Rev. Dr. Scovel 
 was president ; graduating at the early age of 
 seventeen, he taught school near Memphis, 
 Tenn., for two years, after which he removed 
 to Camden, N. J., and became a student-at- 
 law in the office of Abraham Browning, and 
 was admitted to practice in 1856, Mr. Scovel 
 has devoted much of his leisure hours to 
 literature and has written many magazine 
 articles and contributed much and many 
 well-written sketches to the leading news- 
 papers. He has tried many of the most im* 
 portant homicide cases of West Jersey, and 
 is a forcible, fluent and at times remarkably 
 eloquent speaker. 
 
 Mr. Scovel was early thrown into politics 
 by the storm and stress period of the Civil 
 War, and having attracted Abraham Lin- 
 coln's attention by a series of speeches in the 
 Assembly of New Jersey, entitled "New 
 Jersey for the War," was appointed commis- 
 sioner of the draft for the First Congres- 
 sional District. During the second Confed- 
 erate invasion of Pennsylvania, Mr. Scovel, 
 who afterwards was commissioned as a colo- 
 nel, raised a company in one day and took 
 his command to Harrisburg, Pa., where they 
 were well received by Governor Curtin, and 
 did good service for the cause in which they 
 were enlisted, and after thirty days service 
 his command was mustered out. The subse- 
 quent year Colonel Scovel was elected to 
 represent Camden County in the State 
 Senate, being the first Republican elected in 
 Camden County to that place. Afl«r the 
 war ended he devoted himself to the duties 
 of his profession, the law, with occasional 
 ventures in the field of literature. When 
 Horace Greeley ran for President he was 
 chairman of the State Committee. President 
 Arthur appointed him a special agent of the 
 Treasury, which position he held till the close 
 of Arthur's administration. 
 
 In 1856 Mr. Scovel married Mary Mul- 
 ford, a daughter of Isaac S. Mulford, M.D., 
 29 
 
 of Camden. Mrs. Scovel is also a niece of 
 John W. Mickle. 
 
 Alden Coktlakd Scovel was a native of 
 Princeton, N. J., where he was born June 
 1 3, 1 830. He was educated at the Borden- 
 town High School, read law, after an inter- 
 val spent in teaching, with Mahlon Hutchin- 
 son, of Bordentown, and was admitted to the 
 bar as an attorney in November, 1856, and 
 as a counselor in November, 1865. He 
 formed a copartnership in Camden with 
 James S. Scovel, and subsequently with 
 George M. Robeson, then the prosecutor of 
 the pleas, and acted as assistant prosecutor. 
 He was, in 1857, made clerk of the Board of 
 Chosen Freeholders, and in 1868 city solicitor, 
 being re-elected in 1870. Mr. Scovel served 
 three years in the City Council, and was, in 
 1875, elected member of the Assembly. His 
 death occurred June 13, 1881. 
 
 Gilbert Hannah was the son of James 
 Hannah, a prominent citizen of Salem 
 County, N. J., where Gilbert Hannah was 
 born in the year 1833. He was admitted to 
 the bar in 1852, after studying law in the 
 city of Newark, Ni J., with Hon. A. Q. 
 Keasby, late United States district attorney 
 for New Jersey. Mr. Hannah had many 
 social graces of character and possessed high 
 literary ability. He was appointed, at the 
 solicitation of Colonel James M. Scovel, by 
 President Lincoln, as consul to Demarara, 
 where he died of yellow fever during the 
 war, after serving with great fidelity and ac- 
 ceptability to the State Department and 
 thoroughly mastering his consular duties. 
 
 Philip S. Scovel was born March 7, 
 1833, in Stockport, Columbia County, N. Y.^ 
 and educated at the Bordentown High 
 School, of which his brother, Rev. Alden 
 Scovel, was then principal. In 1853 he 
 entered the law-office of Garrett Cannon, of 
 Burlington County, and was admitted to the 
 bar in February, 1857, practicing in Bur- 
 lington, having among his clients Commo- 
 dore Charles Stewart and Mrs. Delia Parnell. 
 
226 
 
 HISTORY 01 CATVIDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Renloving to Camden in 1874, he formed a 
 law partnership with his brother, Alden C. 
 Scovel . 
 
 Samuel H. Geey is the son of the late 
 Philip J. Grey and Sarah W. Grey, his 
 wife, and was born in the city of Camden April 
 6, 1836. His early education was received 
 in the schools of his native town. His choice 
 tended strongly to the profession of the law, 
 and at the age of seventeen years he was 
 entered as a student in the office of Abraham. 
 Browning, who, still living at an advanced 
 age, was at that time easily the leading law- 
 yer and advocate in the southern section of 
 New Jersey. After the usual course of study 
 Mr. Grey was admitted to the bar of the 
 Supreme Court as an attorney-at-law at the 
 November Term, 1857, and as a counselor-at- 
 Taw at the February Term, 1861. His suc- 
 cess in his profession was immediate and sat- 
 isfactory. Such was his prominence that in 
 April, 1866, he was appointed prosecutor of 
 the pleas for the county of Cape May, and 
 performed the duties of that office until 
 April, 1873, serving, by successive appoint- 
 ments of the court, two years under the ad- 
 ministration of Governor Joel Parker, after 
 the expiration of the regular term of the 
 office. 
 
 As a leading lawyer, Mr. Grey, in 1873, 
 was appointed by Governor Parker one of a 
 commission of fourteen, selected pursuant to 
 a joint resolution of the Legislature, to sug- 
 gest and frame amendments to the Constitu- 
 tion of the State, and was actively engaged 
 in all the transactions of the commission. 
 The amendments thus framed were after- 
 wards, in due form of law, incorporated with, 
 and now form a part of, the Constitution of 
 New Jersey. 
 
 In the quarter of a century which has 
 elapsed since his admission to the bar Mr. 
 Grey has never permitted himself to be 
 diverted from his chosen profession, but has 
 devoted to its study and pursuit his entire 
 time, and the energy and ability with which 
 
 he is endowed. The.se viginti annorum lucu- 
 brationes (to use the vigorous words of Lord 
 Bacon), these years of study, have brought 
 with them their appropriate reward. The 
 practice of Mr. Grey is large, lucrative 
 and embraces a wide class of important, 
 causes, beginning with the case of McKnight 
 vs. Hay, tried in 1866, at the Atlantic Cir- 
 cuit, in which Messrs. Peter L. Voorhees and 
 George M. Robeson appeared for the plaintiff,, 
 and Messrs. Joseph P. Bradley (now of the 
 Supreme Court of the United States), Abra- 
 ham Browning and Mr. Grey appeared for 
 the defendant, and of which Judge Elmer 
 speaks in his reminiscences as the most 
 romantic case he had ever known. Mr. Grey 
 has been engaged in very many of the lead- 
 ing causes arising in the southern counties 
 of the State. In April, 1886, Mr. Grey was 
 selected by the managers appointed to conduct 
 the impeachment of Patrick H. Laverty, 
 keeper of the State Prison, as the leading 
 counsel for the prosecution, and as such con- 
 ducted the trial of a month, before the State 
 Senate, to a successful conclusion, evincing 
 skill, ability and eloquence of a high order. 
 
 The success of Mr. Grey has resulted, not 
 from study and experience alone, but largely 
 from his natural mental powers. His 
 capacity for quick, intense and accurate 
 thought is unusual and striking. His judg- 
 ment reaches a conclusion, not by careful 
 and laborious plodding, nor yet by intuition, 
 but rather, per saltum, by a leap over a long 
 pathway of thought. This faculty enables 
 him very quickly to perceive and grasp the 
 controlling points of a group of complicated 
 facts, and to determine at once those upon 
 which his cause turns. His vocabulary is 
 fluent, generally accurate, often graceful and 
 happy, sometimes eloquent. He has a keen 
 sense of humor, and nature has given him a 
 powerful and musical voice, a pleasing pres- 
 ence and a mental and physical constitution 
 sufficiently robust to endure the shocks and 
 fatigues of jury trials. These are all quali- 
 
THE BENCH AND BAK. 
 
 227 
 
 ties which are necessary to the equipment of 
 a leading and accomplished advocate, and 
 such Mr. Grey is beyond question. As was 
 remarked of General Sheridan during the 
 war, no situation was thrust upon him which 
 he has not developed capacity to meet. Mr. 
 Grey practices in all of the courts of this 
 State and is constantly retained in important 
 causes before the several superior courts sit- 
 ting at Trenton, where his i?eputation is 
 deservedly high. 
 
 In politics Mr. Grey has been an earnest 
 and consistent Republican, practically from 
 the organization of that party. From 1868 
 to 1871 he was an active member of the Re- 
 publican State Executive Committee of New 
 Jersey. In 1 872 he was chosen as an elector 
 upon the Grant ticket, and as such voted for 
 General Grant in the only Republican Elec- 
 toral College convened in this State. In the 
 same year he declined to accept the Republi- 
 can nomination for State Senator from the 
 county of Camden. In 1874, though 
 strongly importuned, he declined to permit 
 his name to be presented for the nomination 
 as a member of the House of Representatives 
 of the Congress of the United States. In 
 1880 he received a large vote in the Repub- 
 lican State Convention as a delegate-at-large 
 to the National Convention which met in 
 that year at Chicago. At the request of 
 many Republicans during the present year, 
 he has permitted himself to be named for 
 the office of Senator of the United States. 
 
 Mr. Grey was married September 25, 1862, 
 in Christ Church, Philadelphia, to Julia 
 Hubley, only daughter of Charles C. Potts, 
 Esq., of Philadelphia: He has four daugh- 
 ters, — Julia Ridgway, Mary Joy, Ethel and 
 Alice Croasdale Grey. An only son, Charles 
 Philip Grey, died in 1868- an infant. 
 
 Caleb D. Shreve was born May 9, 
 1833, and educated at Princeton College, 
 from which he was graduated in 1851. He 
 began the study of law with Honorable J. 
 L. N. Stratton, of Mt. Holly, and was ad- 
 
 mitted as an attorney at the November Terni, 
 1861, and afterwards an a counselor. 
 
 Benjamin D. Shreve, born August, 
 1835, atMedford, Burlington County, N. J., 
 was graduated from Princeton College in 
 1856. He studied law with Peter L. Voor- 
 hees, of Camden, was admitted in 1862 as 
 an attorney and as counselor in 1865. He 
 has since practiced in Camden. 
 
 George W. Gilbert was born September 
 21, 1834, in Philadelphia, and educated at 
 the public schools of Camden, to which city 
 he removed in 1843. He began the study 
 of law with Honorable Thomas H. Dudley, 
 of Camden, and concluded with Honorable 
 George S. Woodhull. He was admitted to 
 the bar in February, 1863. Mr. Gilbert was 
 -made deputy county clerk in 1865, and held 
 the office for ten years, after which he was 
 elected register of deeds for the term ex- 
 tending from 1875 to 1880. He has since 
 practiced his profession in Camden. 
 
 Samuel C. Cooper was born in Camden 
 in 1840, and is the son of Joseph W. Cooper. 
 He received his primary education at the 
 Grover School, in Camden, and entered Hav- 
 erford College in 1855. In 1859, he entered 
 the law office of Richard W. Howell, remained 
 with him until his death, and then entered 
 the office of the Honrable Thomas H. Dud- 
 ley, and when Mr. Dudley was appointed 
 consul to Liverpool he entered the office of 
 Judge Woodhull. He was admitted at the 
 February term of court, 1863. 
 
 J. Eugene Troth was born in Newcastle 
 County, Delaware, January 14, 1845; re- 
 ceived his education at the select and public 
 schools and at the Delaware College, situated 
 at Newark, Delaware. He began the study 
 of law with James B. Dayton, of Camden ; 
 was admitted as an attorney in 1866, and 
 three years after as counselor. He was for 
 seven years solicitor of the county of Camden 
 and clerk of the Board of Chosen Free- 
 holders. 
 
 Martin Voorhees Bergen and his 
 
228 
 
 HISTORY OF OAiMDEN COUNTY, NI<]\V JEltSHV. 
 
 brother Christopher A.(ot'wli()ni a sUctt^h 
 follows) are (losceiulantsoi'aii old and promi- 
 nent iiuiiily, after whom Bergen Oountv, 
 N. J., was nanied, and they are represt-iita- 
 tives of the eighth generation in this country. 
 The common ancestor of tlie family of 
 Long Island, New -Jersey and adjacent re- 
 gions was Hans Hansen Bergen, of Bergen, 
 in Norway, who removed from there to Hol- 
 land, and thence, in 16;!.'!, to New Amsterdam 
 (now New York). Some of his descendants 
 settled in what is now Bergen (.\)nnty about 
 fifty years later. 
 
 Samuel Disbrow Bergen, of the seventh 
 generation in America, and his wife, Cliarity 
 (daughter of Judge Peter Voorlices, of 
 Blawenburgh, SoTnersct Oounty), were resi- 
 dents early in the pre.sent century of Mid- 
 dlesex CJounty, N. .1., near Cranberry, and 
 lived at what was known as tlie licrgcn 
 Farm oi' Homestead, 'i^heir son Martin V. 
 was born there Fehruary lU, IH,'!!). He 
 prepared for (allege at lOdgc Hill School and 
 entered the sophomore class at Princeton in 
 September, 1H(!(). (Jraduating from the col- 
 lege in IH(i.'!, he commenced the study oi' 
 law the same year in the office of Pefcii- L. 
 Voorlices, of Camden, wIkh-c he continued 
 until he graduated in November, 18(!(), as 
 an attorney-at-law. He was liiu'nscnl as a 
 counselor-at-law in November, I8(i!). He 
 opened an office in the fall of 1S(J6 at 11!) 
 Market Street, Ciimden, and continued (o 
 practice there until lie foi-rneil a partnership 
 with his brothcM- and removed to 1 10 Market 
 Street. H(^ has been lwic(^ elected supcriu- 
 dent of the Camden City schools and now 
 holds that position. He was married, in 
 February, 1880, to Mary Atkinson, of Mer- 
 chantville, N. J. 
 
 Christopher A. Bku(jicn, Kmi., whose 
 ancestry and parentage are given in the sketch 
 of his brother, was born at Bridge I'oinI, 
 Somerset County, N. J., August 'J, IHIl. 
 He obtained his preparatory education at 
 Edge Hill Classical School, I'rincetoTi, and 
 
 entered Princeton (\)llege in the fall of 
 1 8(i0, graduating therefroni, with hia brolli- 
 er, in the t^lass of IS(i;!. Afterwards lie 
 iaiightsohool, — iirst a coiinti'v sclioolat Hope- 
 well, N. J., and later a private classical 
 .s(^hool of his own at Princeton, — pi\rsuingiit 
 the same time law studies under the direction 
 of Peter L. N'oorhces, Ksq., of Camden. In 
 Novend)er, lS(i(!, Ik^ was !i(reiis(ul as an at- 
 torney by till' New .IcM'scy Supreme C\iurt, 
 and in the fall of 18(I!) as (ioiinselor-athnv 
 by the same court. Mr. Bergen's mental ae 
 tivity, onerous as are his professional duties, 
 is by no means (unilined to them. lie is u 
 stuch'iil of general literature, keeps fully 
 abreast of the times in political, philosophical 
 and pojiular scientilic information and con- 
 tinues his classical studies, reading (!.\teii- 
 sively in jjatin and (Jreek. 
 
 Christopher A. Bi^'gcn has been Iwicic 
 married. He was united with his llrsi wife, 
 Harriet-, daughter of 'riiomas 1). and An- 
 gusta S. James, August- ft, 180!), Two sons 
 wer(! the ollspring of this niiioii. His sec- 
 ond wile, to whom Ik^ was united tbuinury 
 '2(i, 188(5, was Fannie V., daughter of Wil- 
 liaiii L. and Adc'le C. Hirst, ol' Pliilaih'l 
 phia. 
 
 The firm of Bergen & Bergen (M. V. <t 
 C. A.) has been (piitc uniformly and steadily 
 suc<H',ssfid, and jirobably has as large? and as 
 widespread a (clientage and coi'respoii(lence as 
 any law linn in Camden. Tlu'y have been 
 fi'iMpiently opposed by the best legal talent- in 
 the comity and State, and have fully as often 
 bi^en victors as vanquislu^d, and enjoy a high 
 reputation. Two of the most notable cases 
 in which they have won suc(?ess were those 
 of the Marshall estate, and the Jcssi' W. 
 Starr Camdcii Iron- Works (^ase in bank- 
 ruptcy. The former, whi(?li aroused nuK^ii 
 int(!rest in the southern part of the county, 
 was an action (^barging breacii of trnsl, 
 on the ])a-rt of the executors, and involved 
 the title to five farms and a large part oi' 
 the village of Blackwood. JSergen it Bergen 
 
^AXfCitcZZ 
 
 i^^ 
 
THE BENCH AND BAR. 
 
 229 
 
 appeared for the creditors against the execu- 
 tors, who were represented by S. H. Grey, 
 and Peter L. Voorhees, Esqs. In the bank- 
 ruptcy suit against Jesse W. Starr, above 
 alluded to, in which about three hundred 
 thousand dollars were involved, Bergen 
 Brothers were also successful in forcing the 
 creditors of Mr. Starr, to terms. Chris- 
 topher A. Bergen, as a rule, attends to the 
 court business and Martin V. devotes his at- 
 tention more particularly to that department 
 of practice which is the function of the 
 counsel, though he also appears frequently in 
 court. Both are well-read lawyers and able 
 advocates. 
 
 Both of the brothers are pronounced Re- 
 publicans, though neither is an active poli- 
 tician. Christopher A. in 1884 was the 
 choice of a large section of his party for the 
 position of State Senator, but declined mak- 
 ing any effort to secure the nomination. He 
 was elected president of the Camden County 
 Republican Club in 1886. Martin V. Ber- 
 gen has also been named as a candidate for 
 legislative honors, but has held no offices of 
 consequence other than the school superin- 
 tendency. 
 
 George F. Fort was born at Absecom, 
 Atlantic County, N. J., Jfovember 20, 1843, 
 and received an academic education, which 
 was completed at the university in Heidel- 
 berg, Germany. He began the study of law 
 under Abraham Browning, of Camden ; was 
 admitted as an attorney in 1866 and as a 
 counselor in 1869. Mr. Fort is well known 
 as an author, his more prominent books being 
 " An Historical Treatise on Early Builders' 
 Works," "Fort's Mediaeval Builders," 
 " Medical Economy during the Middle Ages " 
 and " Early History and Antiquities of Ma- 
 sonry." 
 
 Robert M. Browning, who was a native 
 of Camden, born in 1844, read law with his 
 father, Hon. Abraham Browning, and was 
 admitted to practice in November, 1867. He 
 followed his profession until his death, in 1875. 
 
 Howard M. Cooper was born June 24, 
 1844, at Kaighns Point in the city of Cam- 
 den, graduated from Haverford College, 
 Pennsylvania, in 1864, studied law under 
 Peter L. Voorhees, Esq., and was admitted 
 to the bar as an attorney at the November 
 term of the Supreme Court, 1870. He has 
 since followed his profession in Camden, and 
 in addition to the usual occupation of a law- 
 yer, he is a director, and the solicitor of the 
 Camden National Bank, a director of the 
 Camden Lighting and Heating Company, and 
 president and solicitor of the West Jersey 
 Orphanage for Destitute Colored Children. 
 
 Richard T. Miller is a native of Cape 
 May City, N. J., where he was born Decem- 
 ber 16, 1845, and received his early education 
 at Pottstown Academy and at Easton, Conn. 
 He then entered the West Jersey Academy 
 and completed his studies under a private 
 tutor. He was for two years connected with 
 a corps of engineers engaged on the Penn- 
 sylvania Railroad, and in 1863 entered the 
 office of Judge Thomas P. Carpenter, of Cam- 
 den. He was admitted as an attorney in 
 November, 1867, and as counselor in 1870. 
 Judge Miller began practice in Camden, and, 
 March 30, 1877, was appointed judge of the 
 District Court of Camden, to which office he 
 was appointed five years later. 
 
 James P. Young was born in Camden 
 County, in 1842, was educated in the schools 
 of that county and at the Philadelphia High 
 School. He read law in the office of Hon. 
 Thomas P. Carpenter, and was admitted to 
 the bar in 1869. He was a comrade of Tho- 
 mas H. Davis Post, G. A. R., No. 53, of 
 Haddonfield, and for three years served in 
 Company G., Sixth New Jersey Regiment. 
 He practiced in Camden for fifteen years, 
 and was accidentally drowned in the Dela- 
 ware River. 
 
 George N. Conrow was born in Bur- 
 lington County, but during his youth went 
 West and received his literary education at 
 . Earlham College, Richmond, Indiana. Re- 
 
230 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 fuming East, he read law with Hon. Thomas 
 P. Carpenter, of Camden, was admitted to 
 the bar at the November Term of court, 1870, 
 and became counselor in 1873. He had 
 offices in Camden and ]\Ioorestown, and prac- 
 ticed actively until his death — a period of 
 about eight years. 
 
 Alfred Flanders was born in Phila- 
 delphia January 6, 1830, received his early 
 education through private tutors, and grad- 
 uated at Yale College in 1850. He read 
 law with Simpson T. Van Sant, of Philadel- 
 phia, and was admitted to the bar of that 
 city in March, 1861, having meanwhile been 
 identified with the Kensington Bank as 
 clerk and teller. Having practiced for 
 a while in Philadelphia, he settled in Bur- 
 lington, N. J., in 1866, and was admitted to 
 the New Jersey bar the same year. He 
 practiced in Mount Holly until 1883, at 
 which date jNIr. Flanders opened an office in 
 Camden. 
 
 Herbert A. Drake was born July 2, 
 1845, in Hopewell township, Mercer County, 
 N. J., and remained a pupil of the public 
 schools until 1862, when he became a student 
 of the Lawrenceville Higli School, and two 
 years later of Rutgers College, from which 
 institution he was graduated in June, 1868. 
 He entered upon the study of law with 
 Peter L. Voorhees, of Camden, was made an 
 attorney in June, 1871, and a counselor at 
 the June Term, 1874. 
 
 James E. Hayes was born near Burling- 
 ton, N. J., February 18, 1844, and after a 
 preliminary training at the Hightstown In- 
 stitution, graduated from the University of 
 Pennsylvania. He entered the law-office of 
 Eobeson & Scovel in 1867, was admitted as 
 an attorney in 1871 and as counselor in 
 1877. He was made city solicitor of Cam- 
 den in 1878, and corporation counsel of 
 Gloucester City in 1883. His law co-part- 
 nership with George M. Robeson began in 
 April, 1883. 
 
 John W. Wright, son of Richard and 
 
 Abigail M. Wright, and grandson of Rich- 
 ard M. Cooper, was born in Philadelphia, 
 August 21, 1847. He entered the Univer- 
 sity of Pennsylvania and was graduated from 
 the Department of Arts of that institution iu 
 the class of 1867. He became a student-at- 
 law in the office of E. Spencer Miller, Esq., 
 of Philadelphia, and after graduating from 
 the Law Department of the University of 
 Pennsylvania in 1870, he was admitted to the 
 bar in 1871. Since the death of his uncle, 
 William D. Cooper, in 1875, he has been 
 executor, trustee and attorney for the estates 
 of a large branch of the Cooper family, com- 
 prising much of the central portion of Cam- 
 den. 
 
 James H. Carpenter, son of the Hon. 
 Thomas P. Carpenter, was born in Wood- 
 bury, N. J., November 18, 1849, and in 
 early youth moved with his parents to Cam- 
 den. He received his education at the 
 school of William Fewsmith, in Philadel- 
 phia, and at the University of Pennsylvania, 
 graduating from the latter in 1869. Immedi- 
 ately thereafter he entered his father's ofiBce 
 as a student-at-law, and was admitted to 
 practice November, 1872, and as a coun- 
 selor in 1875. He was made a master in 
 Chancery in 1875, and admitted to practice 
 in the United States Court in 1883. 
 
 Wilson H. Jenkins was born Novem- 
 ber 6, 1846, at Fenwick, South Carolina, and 
 educated at the Citadel, at Charleston, and at 
 the Arsenal, at Columbia, South Carolina. 
 Removing to Camden in 1865, he entered 
 the University of Pennsylvania, and began 
 the study of law with Richard S. Jenkins, of 
 Camden, in 1869 ; was admitted as an at- 
 torney in 1873, and as a counselor iu 1875. 
 Mr. Jenkins was appointed prosecutor of the 
 pleas for Camden County in 1884. 
 
 John H. Fort was born on Staten Island, 
 N. Y., January 10, 1851, and educated at 
 the public schools, at Lawrenceville Academy 
 and at Pennington, N. J. He studied law 
 with Marmaduke B. Taylor, of Camden, 
 
THE BENCH AND BAE. 
 
 231 
 
 was admitted as an attorney in June, 1873, 
 and as counselor in November, 1881. He 
 is a master and examiner in Chancery. Mr. 
 Fort has devoted much of his time to edito- 
 rial work. 
 
 John F. Joline was born in Princeton, 
 N. J., February 4, 1850, and pursued his 
 early studies at Trenton, N. J. He began 
 his law studies with James Wilson, and con- 
 cluded them with Peter L. Voorhees, of 
 Camden ; was admitted as an attorney in 
 1873, and as counselor some years later. 
 He was also made a member of the Philadel- 
 phia bar in 1882. Mr. Joline was clerk of the 
 New Jersey House of Assembly in 1871-72, 
 and is secretary and treasurer of the West 
 Jersey Ferry Company. 
 
 Thomas B. Haened is a native of the 
 city of Philadelphia, where he was born 
 March 15, 1851, and received his early edu- 
 cation at the common schools, after which he 
 entered the Cohansey Glass Works, at Bridge- 
 ton, N. J. At the age of nineteen he began 
 the study of law with Hon. Charles T. Reed, 
 of Camden, and graduated from the Law 
 Department of the University of Pennsyl- 
 vania. He was admitted to practice during 
 the June Term of 1874, and was made a 
 counselor in 1877. He speedily established 
 a large criminal practice. Mr. Harned was 
 a delegate to the Chicago Convention which 
 nominated James G. Blaine for the Presi- 
 dency in 1884. 
 
 Charles Van Dyke Jolixe was born 
 August 7, 1851, and educated at the Academy 
 and the State Model School, Trenton, N. J. 
 He entered Princeton College in September, 
 1868, and was graduated from that institu- 
 tion in June, 1871. He began the study of 
 law with Peter L. Voorhees, of Camden, 
 was made an attorney in 1874 and a coun- 
 selor in 1877. Mr. Joline is one of the in- 
 corporators, and has been since its organiza- 
 tion secretary, of the Camden County Bar 
 Association. 
 
 Edward Dudley was born January 17, 
 
 1849, in Camden, where his early studies 
 were pursued. Accompanying his father to 
 England, he became a pupil of the Royal In- 
 stitution School, in Liverpool. He returned 
 to America in 1866 and entered Harvard 
 College, from which he was graduated in 
 1870. Mr. Dudley then made an extended 
 foreign tour, and was soon after appointed 
 United States vice-counsul and acted as 
 consul at Liverpool. He thus officiated 
 until his return to Camden, in January, 1873, 
 when, entering the office of Peter L. VoorT. 
 hees as a student of law, he was admitted as 
 an attorney in November, 1874, and as a 
 counselor in 1877. He is a director and 
 solicitor of the National State Bank of 
 Camden. 
 
 Alexander Gray was born in Wilkes-r 
 Barre, Pa., February 5, 1834, and received 
 his education at the common schools. He 
 engaged for several years in business in his 
 native city, and followed mechanical engi- 
 neering and mining until 1866. In 1870 he 
 began the study of law with G. Lytel, Esq., 
 of Princeton, N. J.; was admitted as an attor- 
 ney in 1875, and as counselor in 1878. He 
 practiced in Mercer County until his removal 
 to Camden, in 1880. 
 
 John T. Woodhull was born July 12,, 
 
 1850, at Mays Landing, Atlantic County, 
 N. J. He was educated at home, at Free- 
 hold and in Philadelphia ; began the study 
 of law in 1869 with Alden C. Scovel, of 
 Camden, and spent one year at the Harvard 
 Law School. He was admitted February, 
 1875, and has since practiced in Camden. 
 
 William C. Dayton was born in July, 
 
 1851, in Camden, and received his academic 
 education at the West Jersey Academy, 
 Bridgeton, N. J., and in Philadelphia. He 
 afterward entered Princeton College and be- 
 gan the study of law with his father, James 
 B. Dayton, of Camden, was admitted as an 
 attorney in February, 1875, and as a coun- 
 selor in February, 1878. He is a director 
 of the Camden Safe Deposit and Trust Com- 
 
232 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 pauy and of the Camden and Atlantic Rail- 
 road. 
 
 Thomas E. French was born in Bur- 
 lington County, N. J., January 5, 1855, and 
 educated at the select and common schools of 
 that county. He, in April, 1870, entered the 
 law-office of B. D. Shreve, of Camden ; was 
 admitted as an attorney in February, 1876, 
 and as a counselor February, 1879. He 
 began practice in Camden, formed a co-part- 
 nership with William S. Casselman, which 
 firm was succeeded by Garrison, French & 
 Casselman, and later by Garrison & French. 
 
 Petee V. V00EHEB.S was born in Mid- 
 dlesex County June 18, 1852, and took his 
 preparatory course at the Rutgers College 
 Grammar School, New Brunswick, from 
 whence he entered college in 1869, and grad- 
 uated in 1873. He began his law studies 
 with Peter L. Voorhees, of Camden, was 
 admitted as an attorney in 1876, and three 
 years after as counselor. He is associated 
 with Peter L. Voorhees in the practice of his 
 profession. 
 
 John K. R. Hewitt was born in Cam- 
 den January 29, 1855, and pursued his early 
 studies at home and at the public schools. 
 He then engaged in business and began the 
 Study of law some years later. He was made 
 an attorney in June, 1876, and a counselor 
 in 1880. He was elected, in 1878, solicitor 
 for Gloucester City, and was clerk and solic- 
 itor for the Board of Chosen Freeholders of 
 Camden County from May, 1880 to 1881. 
 
 Samuel D. Bergen, brother of Martin 
 V. and Christopher A., was born April 9, 
 1852, at Harlingeu, Somerset County, New 
 Jersey ; received his early education at Edge 
 Hill School ; entered Princeton College in 
 September, 1868, joining the class of 1872. 
 On leaving college in 1872 he commenced the 
 study of law with his brothers at Camden, 
 and graduated as an attorney-at-law in June, 
 1876. He was admitted as counselor-at-law 
 in November, 1879, and has perhaps more 
 reputation from the suit of the Freeholders 
 
 vs. Alfred Haines, steward of the almshouse, 
 than in any other one cause. He carried this 
 suit through five trials or phases, being suc- 
 cessful in each one and secured a final decis- 
 ion in favor of the plaintiifs. He married 
 Eliza F., daughter of Genge Browning. 
 
 August F. Richter is a native of Phila- 
 delphia, where he was born September 10, 
 1856. He was educated at La Salle College 
 and at Bryant & Stratton's Business College, 
 Philadelphia, and began his law studies in 
 1871 with Marmaduke B. Taylor, of Cam- 
 den. These studies were continued at the 
 Law Department of the University of Penn- 
 sylvania, after which he was admitted to 
 practice at the November Term in 1876. 
 He was, three years later, made a counselor. 
 
 ■Joseph Willard Morgan was born 
 July 6, 1854, on a farm near Blackwood, 
 now Gloucester, then Camden, County, N. J., 
 and educated at the common schools in 
 his native county and in Philadelphia. He 
 began the study of law with Honorable 
 Charles P. Stratton, of Camden ; was admit- 
 ted as an attorney in February, 1877, and as 
 a counselor in February, 1881. He was ap- 
 pointed to fill a vacancy in the City Council 
 of Camden soon after reaching his majority, 
 later elected for three years and subsequently 
 re-elected. He has been for several years 
 United States commissioner and is now city 
 solicitor for the city of Camden. 
 
 Samuel W. Sparks is a native of Wil- 
 liamstown, N. J., where he was born Decem- 
 ber 30, 1855. He was educated at Absecom, 
 Atlantic County, N. J., and afterward learned 
 the trade of a printer, which he followed for 
 four years. He began the study of law with 
 Alden C. Scovel, of Camden, and was ad- 
 mitted to practice in 1877. He is master and 
 solicitor in Chancery, and has also been ad- 
 mitted to practice in the State of Iowa. 
 
 Timothy J. Middleton was born Octo- 
 ber 15, 1855, and educated in the city of 
 Camden. He entered the office of Thomas 
 B. Harned in June, 1874 ; was admitted as 
 
THE BENCH AND BAE. 
 
 233 
 
 an attorney in 1878 and as counsellor in 
 1881. He has for several years been solicitor 
 for the Board of Education of Camden, was 
 in 1881 elected chosen freeholder and in 
 1882 clerk and solicitor for the Board of 
 Chosen Freeholders. 
 
 Lemuel J. Potts, a native of Camden, 
 was born March 17, 1843, and educated at 
 the public schools as also by private tutors. 
 Removing to Illinois, he engaged in business, 
 and on his return from the West began the 
 study of law with Alden C. Scovel, of Cam- 
 den, He was admitted to the bar in 1878, 
 and three years later was made a counselor. 
 Charles G. Garrison, M.D., is a native 
 of Swedesboro', N. J. His education was re- 
 ceived at the Edge Hill School, Princeton, 
 at the Episcopal Academy, Philadelphia, and 
 at the University of Pennsylvania. He 
 graduated in 1872 from the Medical Depart- 
 ment of that institution, and until 1876 
 practiced medicine in Swedesboro', N. J. He 
 then entered the office of Samuel H. Grey, 
 of Camden, and was admitted to the bar in 
 1878. He began practice in Camden as a 
 member of the firm of Garrison & French. 
 Mr. Garrison was made judge advocate-gen- 
 eral of the National Guard of New Jersey 
 in 1884 and chancellor of the Southern Dio- 
 cese of the Protestant Episcopal Church of 
 New Jersey in 1882. 
 
 William S. Hoffman is a native of Phil- 
 adelphia and was born February 2, 1867. 
 His education was received in the public 
 schools of that city and in New York. He 
 began the study of law in Camden with Al- 
 fred Hugg, Esq.; was admitted as an attorney 
 in November, 1878, and as a counselor in 
 November, 1881. He has received the ap- 
 pointment of master and examiner in Chan- 
 cery. 
 
 Henry A. Scovel, a native of Camden, 
 N. J., was born February 25, 1858, and 
 attended the schoolof Charles F. Woodhull, 
 from whence he entered the Hyatt Military 
 Academy, at Chester, Pa. He was admitted 
 
 2^ 
 
 as an attorney February 26, 1879, and as a 
 counselor at the June Term, 1884. 
 
 Wm. S. Casselman was born December 
 5, 1854, in Philadelphia, and coming to 
 Camden quite young, was educated in the 
 public schools ; read law with Judge Charles 
 P. Stratton ; was admitted to the bar as an at- 
 torney in June, 1879, and as a counselor in 
 June, 1883. 
 
 Jonas S. Miller was born at Cape May 
 City and educated at the West Jersey 
 Academy, at Bridgeton. He served an ap- 
 prenticeship as a printer, and followed the 
 trade until 1876, when, entering upon the 
 study of law, he became a student in the 
 office of his brother, Hon. Richard T. Miller, 
 of Camden. He was made an attorney in 
 1879, and a counselor in 1883. During the 
 latter year he was appointed prosecutor of 
 the pleas for Cape May County, N. J., and 
 still fills the office. 
 
 Franklin C. W^oolman was born Octo- 
 ber 11, 1855, in Burlington, N. J. He was 
 educated in Philadelphia and later entered 
 Princeton College. He began the study of law 
 in 1876, in the office of Hon. David J. Pan- 
 coast, of Camden, and graduated from the 
 Law Department of the University of Penn- 
 sylvania in 1877. Mr. Woolman was ad- 
 mitted to the bar as an attorney in 1879, and 
 as counselor in 1883. 
 
 Edward Ambler Armstrong was born 
 in Woodstown, Salem County, N. J., De- 
 cember 28, 1858, and educated in the 
 Woodstown Academy and the Millville 
 High School. In 1876 he entered the law- 
 office of George N. Conrow, and, upon the 
 death of the latter, finished his studies with 
 Benjamin D. Shreve, of Camden. He was 
 admitted to the bar at the February Term of 
 1880. In 1883 he was elected to the As- 
 sembly from the First District of Camden 
 County, and upon his re-election, in 1884, 
 was made Speaker of the House at the age of 
 twenty-six years, being the youngest man 
 who has occupied the position. He was 
 
234 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEESEY. 
 
 elected for the third term in 1885, and was 
 re-elected Speaker, being by virtue of that 
 office a trustee of the State School Board and 
 a member of the State Board of Education. 
 
 Samuel K. Robbins was born in Mount 
 Holly, N. J., May 9, 1853, and after a pre- 
 paratory course, graduated at Princeton Col- 
 lege in 1874. In 1877 he began the study 
 of law with Charles E. Hendrickson, of 
 Mount Holly; was admitted June, 1880, and 
 as a counsellor in 1884. He is the present 
 prosecutor of the pleas for the county of 
 Burlington. Mr. Robbins also has an office 
 in Moorestown, N. J. 
 
 Samuel P. Jones was born in Kent 
 County, Delaware, and educated principally 
 in Burlington County, N. J., and Camden. 
 He began the study of law in 1876, and was 
 admitted to the bar in 1880. Pie has since 
 been engaged in practice in Camden. 
 
 Edmund B. Leaming was born at South 
 Seaville, Cape May County, N. J., May 27, 
 
 1857, and educated by his father. He grad- 
 uated at the Capital City Commercial Col- 
 lege, Trenton ; began the study of law with 
 Judge James Buchanan, of Trenton, in 1877 ; 
 was admitted in February, 1881, and made 
 a counselor three years after. He is a mem- 
 ber of the firm of Leaming, Black & Rhoads, 
 of Camden. 
 
 John J. Crandall was born in Tioga 
 County, N. Y., November 8, 1836, and edu- 
 cated at the academy in Oswego, N. Y. 
 He entered the law-office of Thomas Far- 
 rington, of the same town, and continued his 
 studies at Troy, Pa., while principal of the 
 Troy Academy. He was admitted to prac- 
 tice in the courts of Michigan in 1856, where 
 he pursued his profession until 1870. Re- 
 moving to New Jersey, he was admitted to 
 the Camden County bar at the June Term of 
 1880, and as counselor in 1883. 
 
 Floeanc F. Hogatb, a native of Glou- 
 cester County, N. J., was born March 15, 
 
 1858, and educated at Bridgeton, in the com- 
 mon schools and at the West Jersey Acad- 
 
 emy. He entered the office of M. B. Taylor, 
 Esq., as a student ; was admitted to the bar 
 at the February Term, 1881, and at once 
 began practice in Camden. He is officially 
 connected with several important corporations 
 in the State. 
 
 John Harris was born in Burlington 
 County, N. J., May 19, 1860, and in youth 
 attended the common schools. He entered 
 the law-office of Messrs. Jenkins & Jenkins, 
 in Camden, and was admitted as an attorney 
 in June, 1881 ; three years later he was made 
 a counselor. He was elected clerk of the 
 Board of Chosen Freeholders in May, 1886. 
 He is a member of the law-firm of Soovel & 
 Harris. 
 
 Henry M. Snyder, Jr., was born Feb- 
 ruary 15, 1857, in Philadelphia, and educated 
 at the public schools. He read law with 
 Peter L. Voorhees, of Camden; was admitted 
 as an attorney in 1881, and as counselor in 
 1884. He is, for the second term, a member 
 of the Camden City Council. 
 
 B. F. H. Shreve was bom at Mount 
 Holly, and graduated at Trinity College, 
 Hartford, Conn. He began the study of law 
 with B. D. Shreve, and was admitted as an 
 attorney in 1883. He is located in Camden. 
 
 Charles I. Wooster was born in Ham- 
 monton, N. J., March 25, 1846, and received 
 his preliminary education at the public schools 
 of Camden County. He was afterward made 
 deputy county clerk and under-sheriff of the 
 county. He entered the law-office of Messrs. 
 Bergen & Bergen, attorneys, as a student, 
 and began practice in June, 1881, when he 
 was admitted. 
 
 William W. Woodhull, Jr., was born 
 July 12, 1858, at May's Landing, New Jer- 
 sey, and received his early education in private 
 schools of Camden. He began the study of 
 law, October 3, 1876, in the office of Peter 
 L. Voorhees, and was admitted to practice 
 at the June term of court, 1881. He was 
 for something over a year in the office of 
 Colonel Isaac Buckalew, then superintendent 
 
THE BENCH AND BAR. 
 
 235 
 
 of the Amboy Division of the Pennsylvania 
 Railroad, as private secretary.- He died 
 February 9, 1882, just as he was about enter- 
 ing upon the practice of law. He was a 
 young man of remarkable promise. 
 
 Alfred L. Black, Jr., was born No- 
 vember 16, 1858, in Chesterfield township, 
 Burlington County, N. J. After attending 
 a private school in Ocean County, N. J., he 
 entered the sophomore class at Princeton 
 and graduated June 20, 1878. He began 
 the study of law with James Wilson, Esq., 
 of Trenton, N. J.; was admitted in Novem- 
 ber, 1881, and made a counselor in 1884. 
 He began practice in Camden in 1881 as one 
 of the firm of Leaming & Black (now 
 Leaming, Black & Rhoads). The firm are 
 city solicitors for Cape May, Sea Isle City, 
 Anglesea, Ocean City and South Atlantic 
 City. 
 
 Howard J. Stanger, g, native of Cam- 
 den, was born in Camden County, N. J., 
 December 29, 1857, and educated principally 
 by private tutors. He entered upon the 
 study of law in the spring of 1878 with 
 Hon. Charles T. Reed, of Camden; was 
 made an attorney at the June Term of 1882, 
 and a counselor in June, 1886. He is a 
 master, examiner and solicitor in Chancery. 
 
 John W. Wartman was born in Camden, 
 N. J., December 16, 1857, and educated at 
 the public schools. He began the study of 
 law with Thomas B. Harned, June 1, 1878 ; 
 was admitted to practice in June, 1882, and 
 as counselor in June, 1885. Pie had been 
 for three years a member of the City Coun- 
 cil of Camden. 
 
 Howard Cakrow was born September 30, 
 1860, in Camden, Delaware, and educated at 
 Bridgeton and in Philadelphia. He began 
 the study of law with Thomas B. Harned, of 
 Camden, and was admitted in June, 1882. 
 Three years later he was made a counselor. 
 He was also, in 1882, admitted as. member of 
 the United States Court. 
 
 Edmund E. Read, Jr., son of John S. 
 
 Read, was born in Camden, August 7, 1869. 
 He obtained a preparatory education in the 
 school of William Fewsmith, at 1008 Chest- . 
 nut Street, Philadelphia, and then entered 
 the University of Pennsylvania, from which 
 institution he was graduated with the degree 
 ofA.B., in the year 1879. Studied law in 
 the office of Peter L. Voorhees, and was 
 admitted to the bar in June, 1862, and has 
 since practiced in Camden. He is a director 
 of the Camden Fire Insurance Association ; 
 secretary of the Franklin, People's and City 
 Building Associations, and secretary of the 
 Gloucester Turnpike Company. 
 
 Samuel W. Beldon was born in Bor- 
 dentown, N. J., April 4, 1861, and graduated 
 at the New Jersey Collegiate Institute 
 in 1876. He began the study of law 
 with ex-Judge James Buchanan in 1878, 
 was admitted to the bar as an attorney in 
 1882, and as counselor in 1886. He entered 
 into partnership with Judge Buchanan in 
 1882, and two years later became a member 
 of the firm of Hutchinson & Beldon, of 
 Camden and Bordentown. 
 
 John F. Harned was born March 28, 
 1866, in Camden, and educated at the public 
 schools. He acquired the trade of a printer, 
 followed it for six years and began the study 
 of law in 1878 with M. B. Taylor, Esq., of 
 Camden. He was admitted to the bar during 
 the fall term of 1882, and as a counselor in 
 November, 1886. He has since practiced in 
 Camden. 
 
 Edward H. Saundehs, son of the sur- 
 veyor of the same name, was born in Cam- 
 den, read law with Howard M. Cooper, was 
 admitted to practice in November, 1882, and 
 died about two years later. 
 
 Thomas P. Cueley, a native of Camden, 
 was born September 19, 1861, and received 
 his education in the parochial schools con- 
 nected with the Church of the Immaculate 
 Conception and the La Salle College, Phila- 
 delphia. He chose the law as a profession ; 
 was admitted as an attorney November, 1882, 
 
236 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 and made a master in Chancery in February, 
 1883. 
 
 Robert C. Hutchinson was born in 
 Yardville, Mercer County, N. J., December 
 14, 1859, and educated at the Lawrenceville 
 High School and at Harvard College. He 
 entered the Harvard Law School, continued 
 his studies with the late Alden C, Scovel, of 
 Camden, and admitted to the bar in 1883. He 
 has offices in Camden and Bordentown, and is 
 a member of the firm of Hutchinson & Belden. 
 
 Wai/ter p. Blackwood was born at 
 Moorestown, N. J., November 26, 1861, and 
 educated in the public schools of Camden. 
 He adopted the law as a profession in 1878, 
 studied with J. Willard Morgan, and was 
 admitted in February, 1883. 
 
 Richard S. Ridgavay \\'as born in Cam- 
 den August 1 , 1859, and received his educa- 
 tion at the public schools. He entered the 
 law-office of Alfred Hugg in 1879, and was 
 made an attorney in 1883. 
 
 Israel Roberts was born in Burlinctoa 
 County, N. J., June 19, 1858, received his 
 early education at private schools, and gradu- 
 ated from Swarthmore College, Pa., in 1878. 
 He entered the office of Thomas H. Dudley 
 & Son as a student of the law in September, 
 1880, and was admitted to the bar as an at- 
 torney in 1883. 
 
 George Reynolds was born in Philadel- 
 phia, Jan. 30, 1859, and educated at the Bur- 
 lington (N. J.) public schools. He studied law 
 with Hon. Richard T. Miller, of Camden, and 
 was made an attorney in February, 1884. 
 
 Samuel N. Shrevb was born Sept. 21, 
 1 860, at Mount Laurel, Burlington Co., N. J., 
 and finished his academic studies at the West- 
 town Boarding-School, Chester Co., Pa. He 
 chose the law as a profession, and, entering the 
 office of Benjamin D. Shreve, of Camden, 
 was admitted at the February Term, 1884. 
 
 Ulysses G. Styron was born at Cape 
 Hatteras, N. C, September 3, 1863, and pur- 
 sued his studies at the common schools of his 
 county. In May, 1873, he came to Camden, 
 
 and entered the office of Hon. E. A. Armstrong 
 as a student .Tan. 1, 1881. He was admitted 
 to practice at the February Term, 1885. 
 
 L. D. H. GiLMOUR was born October 27, 
 1860, at Cape May City and educated at the 
 South Jersey Institute, Br idgeton. He became 
 a student in law-office of H. M. Cooper in 1881 
 and was made an attorney in 1885. He is also 
 associated with the Pennsylvania Railroad. 
 
 George A. Vroom was born Oct. 21, 1861 , 
 in New Brunswick, N. J., and received his 
 education at Rutgers College. He began the 
 study of law with John T. WoodhuU, Esq., of 
 Camden, and was admitted to the Camden 
 County bar at the June term of 1885, after 
 which he began practice in Camden. 
 
 Joshua E. Borton was born November 
 16, 1861, in Mount Laurel, Burlington 
 County, New Jersey, and educated at the 
 public schools at Bordentown and in Chester 
 County, Pa. He became a student of the 
 law in November, 1880, under the precep- 
 torship of Messrs. Jenkins & Jenkins, of Cam- 
 den, and was admitted in November, 1884. 
 
 Willi A n[ P. Fowler, born in Philadel- 
 phia October 7, 1857, was educated at the 
 South Jersey Institute, Bridgeport, N. J., 
 read law with Judge David J. Pancoast and 
 Marmaduke B. Taylor, Esq., of Camden, and 
 was admitted to the bar November 6, 1884. 
 
 Schuyler C. Woodhull was born Oct. 
 22, 1863, in Camden and was educated by a 
 private tutor. He began the study of law with 
 his brother, Hon. Geo. S. Woodhull, in 1881, 
 and concluded with Judge David J. Pancoast, 
 after which he was admitted in Feb., 1886. 
 
 Pennington T. Hildreth was born at 
 Cape May Court-House and educated at 
 Pennington, N. J. He began his legal 
 studies in 1882 with John B. Hoffman, Esq., 
 and concluded them with Judge David J. 
 Pancoast, of Camden. He was made an at- 
 torney at the June Term of 1886. 
 
 "The Camden County Bar Associa- 
 tion " was incorporated April 16, 1881, by 
 Abraham Browning, Thomas H. Dudley, 
 
A HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND MEDICAL MEN. 
 
 237 
 
 Peter L. Voorhees, Benjamin T>. Shreve, 
 Christopher A. Bergen, Ricliard T. Miller, 
 Howard M. Cooper, David J. Pancoast, Her- 
 bert A. Drake, William C. Dayton, Peter V. 
 Voorhees, Charles V. D. Joline. Its ob- 
 jects were " To maintain the honor and dig- 
 nity of the profession, to cultivate social re- 
 lations among its members, to promote and 
 encourage the more profound study of the 
 law, the due administration of justice and re- 
 form in the law and to establish and maintain 
 an efficient law library in the City of Camden." 
 
 Meets first Monday' of every month at its 
 library, 106 Market Street, Camden. Annual 
 meeting, first Monday of May each year. 
 There are about forty-three members. The 
 present officers are, — President, Abraham 
 Browning ; 1st Vice President, Thomas H. 
 Dudley ; 2d Vice President, Peter L. Voor- 
 hees ; Treasurer, Howard M. Cooper ; Secre- 
 tary, Charles V. D. Joline. Managers, C. A. 
 Bergen, chairman ; B. D. Shreve, C. D. Shreve, 
 R. T. Miller, H. A. Drake, P. V. Voorhees, 
 W. S. Casselman. There are also the follow- 
 ing committees: Admission, grievances, pro- 
 secutions, amendment of the law. 
 
 The association maintains a library that is 
 constantly growing in size and value. Its 
 rooms are on the third floor of 106 Market 
 Street, adjoining the chambers of the Court 
 of Chancery, and are complete in every re- 
 spect as a place for lawyers to retire and 
 work up a difficult case. Among the books 
 are the English Common Law and Equity 
 Reports and the Reports of the United 
 States Supreme Court. Reports of the States 
 of Maine, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New 
 York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, 
 Michigan, California, besides a large number 
 of digests, commentaries, statutes, etc. 
 
 The association has taken a great interest 
 in legislation, and every winter since its or- 
 ganization it has introduced bills looking to 
 the improvement of local measures and sent 
 a committee to the Legislature to effect their 
 
 passage. 
 30 
 
 CHAPTER XIV. 
 
 A HISTORY OF MEDICIJSTE AND MEDICAL 
 MEN. 
 
 BY JOHN E. STEVENSON, A.M., M.D. 
 
 "At the annual meeting of the Camden County 
 Medical Society, held at Gloucester City on May 11, 
 1886, on motion it waa Resolved, that Dr. John R. 
 Stevenson, of Haddonfield, be appointed a Committee 
 of one to prepare a History of Medicine and Medical 
 Men in Camden County and report the same at the 
 next semi-annual meeting in November.' ' 
 
 Two hundred years ago, in 1686, seven 
 years after the first settlement in what is now 
 Camden County, there was not a medical 
 man in it. The few settlers were located 
 along the shore of the Delaware River, and 
 on Coopers, Newton and Little Timber 
 Creeks, where the water formed the only 
 means of easy communication with each other. 
 There were no roads, no bridges to cross the 
 streams, and the trail of the Indian was the 
 only route through the wilderness. A few 
 medicinal herbs brought from home had 
 been transplanted into the gardens. With 
 the virtues of these they were familiar. The 
 new country abounded in native plants, 
 whose healing powers had been for ages 
 tested by the aborigines, and a knowledge of 
 whose properties they conveyed to their white 
 neighbors. Each autumn the careful house- 
 wife collected the horehound, boneset, penny- 
 royal, sassafras and other herbs to dry for 
 future use. This custom is still pursued in 
 the remote parts of the county, and to-day a 
 visit to the garrets of many farm-houses will 
 reveal the bunches of dried herbs, a knowl- 
 edge of whose merits has been handed down 
 from generation to generation, — a knowledge 
 that has spread beyond its neighborhood, and 
 has been incorporated in our Pharmacopoeias 
 and Dispensatories. 
 
 In each settlement there was some elderly 
 matron of superior skill and experience in 
 midwifery who kindly volunteered her ser- 
 vice in presiding at the birth of a new colonist. 
 
238 
 
 HISTORY OF CA:Mr>EN COrTNTt, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Ill tlu> hark caiuie aroiiiul by the water-way, 
 or soatwl on a iiillion strapped bohiiul the 
 saddle ol'l lie |>atieiit's messenger, riding double 
 through the woods, this obstetrieian woidd be 
 conveyed from her own homo to that of her 
 sutfering neighbor. Allien a wound was 
 reeeived or u bone broken, there was no 
 surgeon to dress the former or .-^et the latter. 
 The wound, bound up as best it migiit be, 
 was left for the eool w'ater of the brook or 
 spring to allay the pain and inflammation. The 
 broken bone was placed at rest in that posi- 
 tion least painful to the patient, to await tiie 
 process of nature to make an indifferent cure. 
 As soon as Philadelphia had grown sufficient- 
 ly to attract ])hysieians, one was called from 
 there to attend important cases of surgical 
 injuries, and as highways were o]iened and 
 the settlers inerea.'^ed in wealth, the most 
 thriving of them would send for the city 
 doctor in othei' serit)us illness. This practice 
 has continued even to our time. 
 
 AN OLU-TIJIK DOCTOll. 
 
 Su('h were the primitive means and 
 methods of medication in Camden County at 
 the beginning of the eighteenth century, 
 when John Estaugb, arriving from England, 
 married, in 1702, Elizabeth Iladdon, the 
 founder of Haddonfield. vVlthough not a 
 physician, he " had some skill in chemistry 
 and medicine," and made himself useful in 
 his neighborhood, especially by his attend- 
 ance upon the poor. His first residence 
 was upon the south side of Coopers Creek, 
 about four miles from Camden, but in 1713 
 
 lie removed to the vicinity of Haddonfield, 
 where he died in 1 742. 
 
 The permission to [irai^tice medicine was a 
 jirerogative that belonged to the crown, under 
 English law, and when a (charter was granted 
 in 1 ()(!-!, to the Puke of York for the prov- 
 ince of iN'ew .lersey, this {)rerogative, im- 
 plied or expressed, was granted to him and to 
 his successors in the persons of the (iover- 
 uors. On March f), 170(5, Ciovcrnor diehard 
 Fngolsby, at Burlington, issued the following 
 license: "To Richard kSmith, (lentlcman, 
 greeting ; Hcing well informed of your knowl- 
 edge, skill and judgment in the practice of 
 ehirurgery and j)hesig, T do hereby license and 
 authorizes you to practice the said sciences of 
 (shirnrgery and phesig within this her Majes- 
 tys province of New -lersty, for and during 
 pleasure." On May 21, i70(), a similrtr 
 license was granted to Nathaniel AA'ade. ' 
 In 1772 the New JcM-sey State Medical 
 Soeiety priu^ured the ])assage of an act, limit- 
 ed to five years, which provided that all 
 applicants to [)ractiiv medicine in the State 
 shall be examined by two judges of the 
 Supreme C\)urt (they calling to their assistance 
 any skilled physician or surgeon), to whom 
 they may issue a certificate. This law was 
 re-enacted in 1784, and eontinuetl in force 
 until 181 6, when a new charter granted to 
 the State society transferred the power of 
 licensure to it. 
 
 The first record of a physician in the 
 county is in the "Town-Hook" of Newton 
 township, among the minutes of a meeting 
 held on September 29, 1731. The record 
 says, — "and to pay themselves ye sum of 
 four pounds twelve shillings and two jwuce 
 being due to them from the township upon 
 acet. of the poor, and to pay Doetr. Kersay 
 for adnunistg physit^ to sd. Hart. " The 
 person referred to here was one of the Drs. 
 Kearsley, of riiiladelphia. The elder, Dr. 
 John Kearsley, was a native of England, and 
 
 ' Jlon. John Clement's MSS. 
 
A HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND MEDICAL MEN. 
 
 239 
 
 came to this country in 1711. He was the 
 third physician to settle and practice medi- 
 cine in Philadelphia, and was a prominent 
 and able man, both as a practitioner and a 
 citizen. He was a member of the Colonial 
 Assembly and a popular orator. He died in 
 1732. There was a younger Dr. Kearsley, 
 a nephew of the first-named, who succeeded 
 to his uncle's practice. He espoused the 
 cause of the proprietors and crown against 
 the rights of colonists, a proceeding that 
 made him very unpopular, and caused him to 
 be subjected to such gross indignities as to 
 induce chronic insanity. As Newton town- 
 "ship then embraced the territory bordering 
 on the river-shore opposite to Philadelphia, 
 it is probable that the practice of both these 
 physicians extended across the river into this 
 county. 
 
 The next notice of a physician in Camden 
 County is to be found in the " Registry of 
 Wills," at Trenton. Under the date of 1 748 
 is recorded the will of " John Craig, Doctor 
 of Physick, of Haddonfield." He evidently 
 had practiced medicine there, but whence he 
 came or how long he lived there cannot now 
 be ascertained. There is no positive record 
 of what were the prevalent diseases in early 
 times in Camden County. Small-pox pre- 
 vailed occasionally, and, after the discovery 
 of inoculation in 1721, was combated by 
 that method of treatment. Inflammatory 
 diseases were common among a population 
 exposed to the vicissitudes of an unaccus- 
 tomed climate. Dysentery occurred in July 
 and August. Although all the houses in 
 early days were built on the streams, there is 
 circumstantial evidence to show that malarial 
 fevers were at first infrequent ; nor did they 
 become prevalent until considerable extent 
 of forest had been cleared away, and the 
 soil of much new ground upturned by the 
 plough. The first information on this sub- 
 ject from a professional source is furnished 
 by Peter Kalm, a professor in the University 
 ojf Arbo, in Sweden, who, by order of the 
 
 Swedish government, visited, among other 
 places, Gloucester County between 1747 and 
 1749. At Raccoon (Swedesboro') he found 
 that fever and ague was more common than 
 other diseases. It showed, the same charac- 
 teristics as are found to-day. It was quotid- 
 ian, tertian and quartan, and prevailed in 
 autumn and winter, and in low places more 
 than in high ones ; some years it was preva- 
 lent throughout the county (Camden County 
 was then included in it), while in others 
 there would be but very few cases. The 
 remedies then employed to overcome it were 
 Jesuit's (Peruvian) bark, bark of the yellow 
 poplar and root of the dog- wood. Pleurisy 
 was also very common, and was fatal with 
 old people. Under this name were classed 
 many cases of pneumonia, a disease not then 
 well understood. 
 
 In 1771 Kesiah Tonkins, widow of Joseph, 
 who died in 1765, lived on a farm between 
 Camden and Gloucester City, known as the 
 " Mickle estate." Between that date and 
 1776 she married Dr. Benjamin Vanleer, 
 who lived with her on this place. She was 
 the daughter of Joseph Ellis, of Newton 
 township. It is supposed that Dr. Vanleer 
 practiced in the surrounding country, as he 
 took an active part in the affairs of the peo- 
 ple, being one of a " Committee of Corre- 
 spondence " for Gloucester County in the year 
 1775, in relation to the troubles between 
 the colonies and the mother government. 
 He was a man of fashion, dressed in the 
 Continental style, with knee-breeches, and 
 was proud of his " handsome leg." He did 
 not remain long in New Jersey. A Dr. 
 Benjamin Vanleer residing, in 1783, on 
 Water Street, between Race and Vine, Phil- 
 adelphia, is supposed to be the same person. 
 
 Although this history is confined to that 
 portion of Gloucester which is now Camden 
 County, yet Dr. Thomas Hendry, of Wood- 
 bury, ought to be classed among its physi- 
 cians, because his field of practice included 
 this section, and for the reason that his de- 
 
240 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NP]W JERSEY. 
 
 scendants became practitioners in it. He 
 was born in 1747, in Burlington County, of 
 English parentage, his mother's name being 
 Bowman, from whom her son received his 
 surname. He served in the Revolutionary 
 War, being commissioned superintendent of 
 hospital April 3, 1777; surgeon Third Bat- 
 talion, Gloucester. " Testimonials from Gen- 
 eral Dickinson and General Heard, certifying 
 that Dr. Hendry had served as a surgeon to 
 a brigade of militia, that he had acted as a 
 director and superintendent of a hospital, and 
 recommending that he should be allowed a 
 compensation adequate to such extraordinary 
 services, was read and referred to the hon'- 
 ble Congress." He took an active part in 
 political affairs, and was once clerk of the 
 county. He died September 12, 1822. 
 
 The next physician in Camden County 
 was Dr. Benjamin H. Tallman, who prac- 
 ticed in Haddonfield. He probably located 
 there about 1786, the year in which he was 
 licensed to practice in New Jersey. From 
 the year 1788 to 1793 he was the township 
 physician, as it appears that in each of those 
 years he was paid by it for his services in 
 attending the poor. He was elected a mem- 
 ber of the Friendship Fire Company of 
 Haddonfield, September 6, 1792. On 
 October 4, 1791, he read a paper before the 
 College, of Physicians of Philadelphia, on 
 the sudden effects of an effusion of cold 
 water in a case of tetanus. He died about 
 1796. 
 
 Cotemporary with the above-named phy- 
 sician was Dr. Evan Clement. He was the 
 son of Samuel Clement, who married Beulah 
 Evans in 1758. They had two children, 
 Samuel and Evan."^ The latter was born in 
 Haddonfield, but the exact date is not known, 
 neither is there any record of when or where 
 he studied medicine. He married, April 8, 
 1795, Anna, daughter of James and Eliza- 
 beth Wills, and lived in the brick house at 
 
 1 Hon. John Clement's MSS. 
 
 the corner of Main and Ellis Streets, re- 
 cently purchased and taken down by Alfred 
 W. Clement. Dr. Clement was in practice 
 there in 1794, and died in 1798. He was 
 the first native of the county to adopt the 
 profession of medicine and practice it in his 
 native place. 
 
 It is a noteworthy circumstance that for a 
 hundred years after the settlement of the 
 county no one born in it had studied medi- 
 cine. The poorer classes were unable to 
 procure the means for acquiring the requisite 
 education, while the wealthier ones altogether 
 neglected it. It is true that prior to the found- 
 ingof the University of Pennsylvania, in 1765, ' 
 the only means of obtaining a knowledge of 
 medicine was either to pursue a course ot 
 study under some competent physician, where 
 the student was apt to be considered half a 
 servant, or else by attendance at a medical 
 school in England. The prospects of pro- 
 fessional or pecuniary success in the county 
 were not flattering. But in addition to this, 
 there was a sentiment in this community 
 unfriendly to the medical profession as a 
 calling. In sickness the ministrations of 
 friends and relatives, with their teas and 
 potions, and the quack remedies of popular 
 charlatans, who flourished then as well as 
 now, were deemed sufficient. If, after this 
 medication, the patient died, it was attributed 
 to a " wise dispensation of Providence." The 
 midwives were considered to be adequate to 
 manage obstetrical cases. There still lingered 
 among the people the tradition of their 
 English ancestors, that the red and white 
 striped pole was the sign of the combined 
 office of barber and surgeon. These preju- 
 dices found expression in two diametrically 
 opposite opinions. The stout, robust farmer 
 and the active and alert merchant and me- 
 chanic looked with contempt upon a youth 
 who had aspirations for the life of a physi- 
 cian as one who was too lazy to work. The 
 women, whose remembrances of the midnight 
 ride of the doctor through rains and snow 
 
A HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND MEDICAL MEN. 
 
 241 
 
 and chilling winds, thought the hardships 
 and exposure too great for their brothers and 
 sons. These prejudices passed away but 
 slowly. 
 
 Dr. John Blackwood, who began his pro- 
 fessional career in Haddonfield, became the 
 successor of Dr. Evan Clement, not only by 
 succeeding to his practice, but by marrying 
 his widow in 1799. He was the son of 
 Joseph and Rebecca Blackwood, and was 
 born at Black woodtown, July 28, 1772. His 
 wife was a member of Friends' Meeting, but 
 was disowned for marrying out of it. Dr. 
 Blackwood remained but a short time in 
 Haddonfield. He removed to Mount Holly, 
 where he became prominent in public affairs, 
 serving at one time as postmaster and also as 
 judge of the Court of Common Pleas and 
 Orphans' Court of Burlington County.' He 
 died in Mount Holly March 16, 1840. 
 
 Up to the close of the eighteenth century 
 Haddonfield may be considered as having 
 been the medical centre of the territory of 
 Camden County. It was not only the oldest 
 town in it, but it was the third oldest in the 
 State. All the physicians who had practiced 
 within the limits of the county had either 
 lived in Haddonfield or Newton township, 
 of which it was the seat of authority. For 
 nearly half a century later it still retained 
 its pre-eminence, until the growth of Cam- 
 den, and its becoming the seat of justice for 
 the county, transferred the supremacy to the 
 latter. 
 
 In more recent times Haddonfield has had 
 the doubtful honor of being the seat of one 
 of the notorious John Buchanan's (of Phila- 
 delphia) bogus medical colleges. Between 
 1870 and 1880 the doctor owned a farm on 
 the Clement's Bridge road, about four toiles 
 from the place, upon which he spent a por- 
 tion of his time. During this period diplo- 
 mas of the mythical " University of Medi- 
 cine and Surgery of Haddonfield, N. J.," 
 
 1 S. Wickea' History of Medicine in New Jersey. 
 
 were offered for sale by his agents in Eu- 
 rope. 
 
 The period now being considered was a 
 transition one for the nation, which was then 
 being developed from the former colonies, 
 through a confederation of independent 
 States, into a great empire. The science and 
 practice of medicine here participated in this 
 change. At this time there appeared in 
 Camden County a physician, who was des- 
 tined to be its Hippocrates for forty years, 
 and whose memory, though dead for half a 
 century, is still preserved green in the farm- 
 houses and hamlets of this county. This 
 was Dr. Bowman Hendry, son of Dr. Thos. 
 Hendry, of Woodbury. 
 
 Dr. Bowman Hendry was born October 1, 
 1773. He was- educated at the Woodbury 
 Academy, pursuing his studies under a Mr. 
 Hunter, a classical scholar and a man of 
 high literary attainments. At the age of 
 seventeen he commenced the study of medi- 
 cine, under the preceptorship of his father, 
 and then attended lectures at the University 
 of Pennsylvania, residing, as a pupil, in the 
 house of Dr. DufReld. When about twenty 
 years of age, and still a student, the Whiskey 
 Insurrection broke out in Pennsylvania, and 
 troops being called out for its suppression, 
 young Hendry joined the ranks as a private 
 soldier, and marched with them to Lancas- 
 ter. The influence of his father, with Pro- 
 fessor James, the surgeon of the troops, se- 
 cured his release from the ranks, a prema- 
 ture examination at the University, which he 
 successfully passed, and his appointment as 
 assistant surgeon of the troops. This was a 
 bloodless war, and soon ended. Dr. Hendry 
 now began to look around for a field for 
 practice, finally selecting Haddonfield. He 
 began his active life as a physician in 1794, 
 and upon the death of Doctors Tallman and 
 Clement, and the removal of Dr. Blackwood 
 to Mount Holly, he became the only doctor 
 in the place. His practice now increased 
 very rapidly, and stretched over a large ex- 
 
242 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 tent of territory, extending from the Dela- 
 ware River to the sea-shore, a distance of 
 sixty miles. He was a man of indefatigable 
 industry and indomitable perseverance in the 
 pursuit of his calling. Kind-hearted and gen- 
 erous, he possessed that suaviter in re which 
 won the affection of 'his patrons. Many are 
 the anecdotes that are recorded of him. 
 
 For fifteen years he made his visits on 
 horseback, having no carriage. At length 
 he procured at a vendue an old sulky, which 
 was only an ordinary chair placed upon 
 wooden springs, without a top to protect him 
 from the sun or rain. The price paid for the 
 vehicle and harness was thirty dollars. An 
 old " Friend " witnessing this extravagance, 
 remarked, " Doctor, I fear thee is too fast in 
 making this purchase. Thee will not be 
 able to stand it, and make thy income meet 
 thy expenses." This gives us an idea of the 
 life of a physician in those days, and of the 
 value of his services in the public estima- 
 tion. In his journeys through the " Pines " 
 on the Atlantic slope he would sometimes 
 become lost at night, and be compelled to 
 sleep in the woods, tying his horse to a tree. 
 He was always prompt to answer every call, 
 no matter whether the patient was rich or 
 poor, and being a furious driver, he had been 
 known, in cases of emergency, to break down 
 a good horse in his hurry to quickly reach 
 the bedside, and that, too, in a case where he 
 knew that he would not receive any pay for 
 his services. It has been estimated that, in 
 the course of forty years, he wore out over 
 two hundred horses. He risked his life and 
 gave his services in all cases. A family of 
 negroes, living seven miles from Haddon- 
 field, were attended by him for typhus fever, 
 and, although warned that they were vaga- 
 bonds, thieves and utterly worthless, yet he 
 not only continued his visits, but gave them 
 medicine and sent them provisions from a 
 neighboring store. 
 
 Not^vithstanding the arduous duties of 
 such an extensive private practice. Dr. Hen- 
 
 dry found time to attend to public duties. 
 For many years he had charge of the Glou- 
 cester County Almshouse. He served as 
 surgeon of Captain J. B. Cooper's volunteer 
 cavalry in 1805, formed from the young men 
 of Haddonfield and Woodbury. He took 
 an active part in religious affairs. He was a 
 member and vestryman of St. Mary's Pro- 
 testant Episcopal Church, Colestown, until 
 its congregation was drawn away from it by 
 the building of new churches in the growing 
 towns of Moorestown and Camden. Dr. 
 Hendry was one of the originators of St. 
 Paul's Protestant Episcopal Church in Cam- 
 den, and was chairman of the first meeting 
 held in the city hall, in that city, March 12, 
 1830, whereat the organisation of this church 
 was completed. At this meeting he was 
 elected one of its vestrymen . 
 
 Dr. Hendry was a physician of great abil- 
 ity, and one who kept pace with the growth 
 of knowledge in his profession. He stood 
 pre-eminent in this county, both as a physi- 
 cian and surgeon, and his services as a con- 
 sultant were in frequent request. He pos- 
 sessed those magnetic personal attributes 
 which endeared him to the people to such an 
 extent, that when his barn, horses and equip- 
 ments were destroyed by an incendiary fire, 
 they raised a subscription for him and 
 quickly rebuilt the building and replaced the 
 destroyed personal property. With these he 
 combined the sterling qualities of the true 
 physician. No doctor in this county has 
 done more to elevate the practice of medicine 
 from a trade to a profession. By his exam- 
 ple he taught this community that there was 
 attached to it a philanthropy and a benevo- 
 lence that widely separates it from other oc- 
 cupations, and, by dying a poor man, when 
 so many opportunities offered to secure gain, 
 he illustrated the fact that the services of 
 such men cannot be measured by money. 
 
 Dr. Hendry married, June 7, 1798, Eliz- 
 abeth, daughter of Dr. Charles Duffield, of 
 Philadelphia, and had seven daughters and 
 
A HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND MEDICAL MEN. 
 
 243 
 
 two sons, — Charles H. and Bowman Hendry, 
 both physicians in Camden County. 
 
 Cotemporary with the early portion of Dr. 
 Hendry's career, and located at Colestown, 
 three miles distant from him, was Dr. Sam- 
 uel Bloomfield, who lived in a small hip-roof 
 frame house on the road from Haddonfield 
 to Moorestown, just north of the church. 
 This house was torn down a few years since. 
 Dr. Bloomfield, born in 1756, was the second 
 son of Dr. Moses Bloomfield, of Woodbridge, 
 N. J., and younger brother of Joseph, who 
 became Governor of New Jersey. In 1790 
 the doctor applied for admission to the State 
 Society, but did not press his application, 
 and his name was dropped. It is not known 
 how long he followed his profession here, 
 but his practice must have been limited in 
 consequence of his convivial habits, and the 
 great popularity of his competitor. He died 
 in 1806, and was buried in St. Mary's^ 
 Churchyard, now Colestown Cemetery. 
 Two of his sons who survived him fell in 
 the War of 1812. 
 
 There is no record of any physician hav- 
 ing settled in Camden prior to the nineteenth 
 century. Its proximity to Philadelphia 
 seems to have made the village dependent 
 upon its neighbor for its medical attendance. 
 It is probable that some doctor may have 
 attempted to practice there for a short time, 
 but, not succeeding, moved away, leaving no 
 trace behind him, not even as much as did a 
 Dr. Ellis, who, in 1809, had an office on 
 Market Street, above Second. The only fact 
 preserved of him is that in this year he 
 dressed the wounded forearm of a child, but 
 first bled the patient in the other arm before 
 binding up the wound, yet the child recovered. 
 Dr. Samuel Harris was the first physician 
 to settle permanently in Camden. As he 
 was the connecting link between the old- 
 fashioned practitioners of the la,st century and 
 the association known as the Camden County 
 
 Medical Society he is worthy of especial 
 consideration. His father was Dr. Isaac 
 Harris, born in 1741, who studied medicine 
 and practiced near Quibbletown, Piscataway 
 township, Middlesex County, N. J. From 
 there he removed to Pittsgrove, Salem 
 County, about 1771. Here he pursued his 
 profession successfully for many years, and 
 died in 1808. He possessed a good medical 
 library. While a resident in Middlesex he 
 was one of the pioneers in the organization 
 of the New Jersey State Medical Societv, 
 being the sixth signer to the " Instruments 
 of Association," and became its president in 
 1792. In the Revolutionary War he was 
 commissioned surgeon of General New- 
 combe's brigade. His brother. Dr. Jacob 
 Harris, also a surgeon in the same army, 
 dressed the wounds of Count Donop, the 
 Hessian commander, who was defeated and 
 mortally wounded at the battle of Red Bank, 
 and who died in an adjacent farm-house.^ 
 Another brother. Dr. Benjamin Harris, 
 practiced and died in Pittsgrove. Dr. Isaac 
 Harris had two wives. The first was Mar- 
 garet Pierson, of Morris or Essex County ; 
 the second, Anna, daughter of Alexander 
 Moore, of Bridgeton, Cumberland County. 
 By the first he had four children ; one, Isaac 
 Jr., studied medicine and practiced in Sa- 
 lem County. By the second wife he had nine 
 children, one of whom, Samuel, is now under 
 consideration. 
 
 Dr. Samuel Harris was- born January 6, 
 1781. He studied medicine with his father. 
 It is said that he attended medical lectures 
 at the University of Pennsylvania, but his 
 name does not appear in the list of graduates 
 of that institution. He began the practice 
 of medicine in Philadelphia, at the northeast 
 corner of Fourth Street and Willing's Alley, 
 but indorsing for a relative, he lust all his 
 property. He then determined to settle in 
 Camden, and grow up with the place. He 
 
 1 Hon. John Clement's MSS. 
 
 2 Wicke's History of Medicine in New Jersey. 
 
244 
 
 HISTOEY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 located in 1811 in the old brick building on 
 Cooper Street, above Front. While he prac- 
 ticed medicine in Camden he still retained 
 some of his patients in Philadelphia, and to 
 visit them was compelled to cross the river 
 in a row-boat, the only means of crossing at 
 that time. In 1825 he purchased the large 
 rough-cast house at the southeast corner of 
 Second and Cooper Streets, which had been 
 built by Edward Sharp. Here he kept his 
 office and a small stock of drugs, it being at 
 that time the only place in Camden where 
 medicine could be purchased. Dr. Harris 
 was a polished gentleman and a man of 
 ability, and had a large practice in the town 
 and in the surrounding country. He held 
 to the religious faith of the Protestant Epis- 
 copal Church, and was one of the founders 
 of St. Paul's Church in 1830, and was a 
 vestryman in it until his death. Dr. Harris 
 married Anna, daughter of John and Keziah 
 Kay, and granddaughter of Captain Joseph 
 Thorne, of the army of the Revolution. 
 He died November 26, 1843, and is buried 
 in Newtown Cemetery. His widow died 
 July 16, 1868. He had no children. He 
 bequeathed his estate, which was large, to his 
 adopted daughter and wife's niece, Miriam 
 Kay Clement (now wife of Dr. Charles D. 
 Maxwell, United States Navy), to niece 
 Harriet (wife of Colonel Robert M. Arm- 
 strong), to niece Anna M. (wife of Richard 
 Wells) and to niece Eliza T. (wife of Rev. 
 Thomas Ammerman). 
 
 Tn 1812 Dr. Francis Hover settled in 
 Camden, but remained only a short time. 
 He was a native of Salem County and 
 received his license to practice medicine June 
 4, 1794. He began his professional career 
 in his native town ; from thence he removed 
 to near Swedesboro', and then to Camden. 
 From the latter place he returned to Swedes- 
 boro'. In 1821 he changed his residence to 
 Smyrna, Kent County, Del., where he died 
 May 29, 1832.^ 
 ' S. Wickes' History of M edicine in New Jersey. 
 
 For a few years Dr. John A. Elkinton was 
 a co-laborer with Dr. Bowman Hendry in 
 Haddonfield. He was a native of Port 
 Elizabeth, Cumberland County, N. J., born 
 October 19, 1801, and was the son of John 
 and Rhoda Elkinton. Selecting the pro- 
 fession of medicine, he attended lectures at 
 the University of Pennsylvania, from which 
 he graduated in 1822. He commenced the 
 practice of medicine in Haddonfield, where 
 he remained until 1828. Being an energetic 
 and active man, this country place did not 
 offer a wide enough field for him, so he 
 removed to Manayunk, a suburb of Philadel- 
 phia, where he resided for a short time. 
 In the same year he moved into the city, 
 where he continued in his profession. In 
 the year 1832 he took an active part in 
 combating the epidemic of cholera. He like- 
 wise became interested in public affairs. For 
 many years he was a member of the Phila- 
 delphia Board of Health. In 1838 he was 
 the projector of the Monument Cemetery in 
 that city, and owned the ground upon which 
 it was laid out. Afterward he was elected 
 an alderman, when he gradually relinquished 
 the practice of medicine. On October 5, 
 1 830, he married Ann De Lamater. He died, 
 December 15,1853. 
 
 Dr. Edward Edwards Gough practiced 
 medicine in Tansboro' between 1826 and 
 1835. He was a native of Shropshire, P]ng- 
 land, in which country he acquired some 
 knowledge of medicine. In 1824 he lived in 
 Philadelphia, and there he married his wife, 
 Elizabeth Dick. In 1826 he settled in 
 Tansboro', and commenced the practice of 
 medicine, his visits extending throughout the 
 surrounding country. While living there he 
 attended medical lectures at the Jefferson 
 Medical College, but he never graduated. 
 He died in Tansboro' in 1835. His widow 
 is still living, in Indiana. 
 
 Camden County Medical Society. — 
 Between the years 1844 and 1846 the phy- 
 sicians of Camden County began to feel the 
 
A HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND MEDICAL MEN. 
 
 245 
 
 need of a closer union. Scattered as they 
 were, they but occasionally met ; sometimes 
 they would pass each other on the road ; 
 sometimes, where their practices overlapped, 
 they would meet each other at a patient's 
 house in mutual consultation.' To accom- 
 plish this desired object, a petition was drawn 
 up and signed by the legal practitioners in 
 the county for. presentation to the New Jer- 
 sey State Medical Society, asking for author- 
 ity to organize a society. As the law then 
 stood, no one was legally qualified to practice 
 medicine,, or capable of joining a medical so- 
 ciety in New Jersey, unless he had passed an 
 examination before a board of censors of the 
 State Society, and received a license signed by 
 the board. 
 
 . In the year 1846 the State Society met at 
 New Brunswick. The petition of the phy- 
 sicians in Camden County being laid before 
 it, they issued a commission, dated May 12, 
 1846, authorizing the following legally qual- 
 ifie<l persons to form a society, namely : Drs. 
 Jacob P. Thornton and Charles D. Hendry, 
 of Haddonfield ; Dr. James C. Risley, of 
 Berlin ; and Drs. Richard M. Cooper, Oth- 
 niel H. Taylor and Isaac S. Mulford, of 
 Camden. In accordance with this authority, 
 the above-named gentlemen, with the excep- 
 tion of Dr. Mulford, who was detained by 
 sickness, met at the hotel of Joseph C. 
 Shivers, in Haddonfield, on August 14, 
 1846, and organized a society uuder the 
 title of " The District Medical Society of the 
 County of Camden, in the State of New 
 Jersey." Dr. James C. Risley was elected 
 president ; Dr. Othniel H. Taylor, vice-pres- 
 ident ; Dr. Richard M. Cooper, secretary, and 
 Dr. Jacob P. Thornton, treasurer. A con- 
 stitution and by-laws were adopted similar to 
 those of the State Society. At this meeting 
 Drs. Thornton, Hendry, Taylor and Cooper 
 were elected delegates to the State Society. 
 A notice of the formation of the society was 
 
 iDr. R. M. Cboper'sMSS., History of Camden County 
 Society. 
 31 
 
 ordered to be published in the county news- 
 papers. 
 
 Haddonfield was thus honored by having 
 the first medical society in the county organ- 
 ized within its limits. The rules of the 
 State Society directed that county societies 
 should hold their meetings at the county-seat, 
 yet Haddonfield was not the seat of justice. 
 The county of Camden had, in 1844, been 
 set oif from Gloucester County, and the 
 courts of law were held in Camden, and the 
 public records kept there, but the county- 
 town had not been selected. The Legisla- 
 ture had authorized au election to decide 
 upon a permanent place for the public build- 
 ings. The people were divided upon the 
 subject. A most violent opposition had 
 sprung up in the townships against their 
 location in Camden, the majority of the 
 people of the former desiring them to be 
 built at Long-a-coming (now Berlin). It 
 was during this contest that the society or- 
 ganized, and Drs. Hendry and Risley, who 
 had charge of the petition, had inserted in 
 the commission the name of Haddonfield. 
 The second meeting, which had been left 
 subject to the call of the president, was also 
 held in Haddonfield on March 30, 1847. At 
 this meeting Dr. Mulford raised the question 
 of the legality of the place of meeting, and 
 a committee was thereupon appointed to lay 
 the matter before the State Society, who de^ 
 cided that these meetings, although irregular, 
 were not illegal, as the county-seat had not 
 yet been definitely fixed) but directed that 
 hereafter the meetings should be held in Cam- 
 den. 
 
 The third meeting of the society was a 
 special one, called by the president, and was 
 held on June 15, 1847, at English's Hotel, 
 which was situated at the northeast corner of 
 Cooper and Point Streets, a building which 
 has since been torn down and dwellings 
 erected upon the site. At this time it was 
 decided to hold semi-annual meetings : the 
 annual one on the third Tuesday in June, 
 
246 
 
 HISTOKY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 and the serai-annual on the third Tuesday 
 in December. These were always punctually 
 held until 1852, when, upon the motion of 
 Dr. A. D. WoodruiF, of Haddonfield, the 
 semiannual meeting in December was dis- 
 continued. On June 18, 1867, Dr. R. M. 
 Cooper, chairman of the committee on by- 
 laws, reported that the State Society having 
 changed their day of assembling from Jan- 
 uary to the third Tuesday in May, it would 
 necessitate the election of delegates to that 
 society eleven months before it met. The 
 Camden County Society then changed the 
 time of the animal meeting from June to the 
 second Tuesday in May, and this rule still 
 continues. For twenty years the semi-annual 
 meetings had been discontinued, when, in 
 May, 1873, Dr. N. B. Jennings, of Had- 
 donfield, moved that they should be resumed. 
 This was approved, and the second Tuesday 
 in November named as the time for holding 
 them. As the society increased in numbers 
 and its proceedings became more interesting, 
 the propriety of holding more frequent meet- 
 ings began to be discussed, until, in 1884, 
 Dr. E. L. B. Godfrey, of Camden, proposed 
 a third meeting, on the second Tuesday in 
 February of each year. This was adopted 
 in the succeeding year. 
 
 At this, the third stated meeting of the 
 society, in 1847, a resolution was passed that 
 caused great excitement in the city and coun- 
 ty of Camden. It read as follows : 
 
 " Resolved, That the names of all the regularly 
 licensed practitioners in Camden County be pub- 
 lished in one of the papers of the county, to- 
 gether with the twelfth section of the law incor- 
 porating the Medical Society of New Jersey." 
 
 This law imposed a fine and imprison- 
 ment upon any one practicing medicine in 
 the State without a license from the State 
 Society. The insertion of this in a county 
 paper caused the gravest anxiety among the 
 few irregular practitioners and their patrons, 
 and provoked from Dr. Lorenzo F. Fisler a 
 long communication in the Camden Demo- 
 
 oarat. Dr. Fisler, who had been practicing 
 medicine in Camden since 1837, had not 
 joined in organizing the County Medical 
 Society, nor had he taken any part in it. He 
 was a man of more than ordinary ability, 
 active in public affairs and was at one time 
 mayor of the city. He was a writer of 
 considerable force. He took umbrage at be- 
 ing inferentially placed in the illegal class, 
 claiming that he had passed his examination 
 before the board of censors of Salem County 
 in 1825, and had received their certificate 
 therefor, but had never presented it to the 
 State Society for a license, and that the doc- 
 ument had been mislaid or lost. Upon this 
 the Camden County Society made inquiry of 
 Dr. Charles Hannah, of the board of censors 
 of Salem County. He replied that he had 
 been a member of every l)oard that had ever 
 met in the county, and that Dr. Fisler had 
 never received a license from it. The latter 
 immediately went down to Port Pjlizabeth, 
 Cumberland County, his native place, and 
 among some old papers of his father's found 
 the missing certificate, with Dr. Hannah's 
 name among the signatures. After the dis- 
 covery of this document the society held a 
 special meeting on September 2, 1847, and 
 prepared an address to the public, explaining 
 their reasons for falling into the error, and 
 disclaiming any unfriendly feeling towards 
 Dr. Fisler.' Although the doctor obtained 
 the required license from the State Society, 
 he ever after held aloof from it, and never 
 joined the Camden County Medical Society. 
 In the year 1816 the New Jersey State 
 Medical Society had obtained from the State 
 a new charter, which gave them exclusive 
 jurisdiction over the medical profession in it, 
 with a power of license which alone qualified 
 a person to legally practice medicine. In ac- 
 cordance with this enactment, the State So- 
 ciety appointed boards of censors for differ- 
 
 iDr. R. M. Cooper' .s .MSS , History Camden County 
 Medical Society. 
 
A HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND MEDICAL MEN. 
 
 247 
 
 eiit districts. It was the duty of these 
 boards to examine all applications for mem- 
 bership in the society, and also to examine 
 any one desiring a license to practice, as to 
 his professional qualifications, and if he 
 passed successfully to issue to him a certificate. 
 No one, not even graduates of medical col- 
 leges, was exempt from this examination, un- 
 til the year 1851, when the Legislature 
 passed an amendment to the act of 1816, 
 authorizing the graduates of certain colleges, 
 which were named, to practice medicine in 
 New Jersey by merely exhibiting their 
 diplomas to the president of the State Society, 
 who thereupon was directed to give them a 
 license, which was complete upon its being 
 recorded in the clerk's office of the county 
 wherein the recipient intended to practice, and 
 upon the payment of a fee of five dollars. Du- 
 ring the period between the organization of 
 the C^amden County Medical Society and the 
 passage of this law its board of censors ex- 
 amined thirteen physicians, some of whom 
 were to practice elsewhere in New Jersey. 
 Their names were, — 
 
 Examined. Name. Location. 
 
 1848. Dr. Bowman Hendry, Camden County. 
 
 1848. Dr. A. Dickinson Woodruff, Camden County. 
 
 1848. Dr. Daniel M. Stout, Camden County. 
 
 1848. Dr. William Elmer, Cumberland County. 
 
 1848. Dr. T. Barron Potter, Cumberland County. 
 
 1848. Dr. Theophilus Patterson, Salem County. 
 
 1848. Dr. Edward J. Record, Camden County. 
 
 1849. Dr. Theodore Varrick, Hudson County. 
 1849. Dr. John J. Jessup, Atlantic County. 
 
 1849. Dr. John W. Snowden, Camden County. 
 
 1850. Dr. Thomas F. Cullen, Camden County. 
 1850. Dr. Sylvester Birdsell, Camden County. 
 1860. Dr. Jacob Grigg, Camden County. 
 
 Another amendment was enacted by the 
 Legislature in 1854, which permitted a grad- 
 uate of any medical college to practice medi- 
 cine in the State by merely filing his diplo- 
 ma in the clerk's office of the county in 
 which he located. Upon the passage of this 
 law the Camden County Society required, as an 
 eligibility to membership, that the applicant 
 should procure a diploma from the State So- 
 
 ciety. This rule continued in force until 
 1866, the centennial aniversary of the latter 
 society, which had the year previous surren- 
 dered its old charter and obtained a new one 
 wliich relinquished all powers of licensure. 
 Since then and up to the present time any 
 physician, a resident in the count_v one year, 
 may apply for membership in the Camden 
 County Medical Society. His application is 
 referred to the board of censors, who report 
 at the next meeting. If he is found to be 
 of good moral character and possesses the 
 professional qualifications required by the 
 American Medical Association, he is recom- 
 mended for election. 
 
 The constitution of the society provided 
 that the officers should be elected annually. 
 It was intended to re-elect yearly those who 
 were first placed in office. Dr. Risley was 
 continued as president until a special meet- 
 ing in 1849, when his office was declared va- 
 cant in consequence of a tardiness in settling 
 his financial accounts with the society. Al- 
 though these were afterwards satisfactorily 
 adjusted, he withdrew from it, and Dr. Isaac 
 S. Mulford was elected to fill the vacancy. 
 Dr. O. H. Taylor, who was the first vice- 
 president, and Dr. R. M. Cooper, the first 
 secretary, were continued until 1850. Dr. 
 Jacob P. Thornton was the first treasurer 
 but he does not appear to have attended the 
 meetings regularly, and in 1848 Dr. Cooper 
 was elected to fill his place. At the meeting 
 lield in June, 1850, Dr. Bowman Hendry 
 moved that the president and vice-president 
 be eligible for election for only^two years in 
 succession and the by-laws were so amended. 
 In June, 1854, the words "two (2) years in 
 succession " were erased and " oue year " 
 substituted. This was done to open the of- 
 fices to new and younger members ; conse- 
 quently, since that date these two officials 
 have held their position for one year, a plan 
 that has proved to be satisfactory and still 
 continues. Dr. Cooper, the first secretary 
 and treasurer, held these offices until 1852, 
 
248 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 when he was succeeded by Dr. Thomas F. 
 Cullen, who occupied them for two years ; 
 then Dr. Richard C. Dean filled them from 
 1855 to 1857; Dr. John V. Schenck, in 1858; 
 and Dr. Henry Ackley from the latter date 
 until 1861. At this time the society had be- 
 come a permanent institution. It had never 
 failed to hold a meeting at the appointed 
 time. Valuable medical and historical pa- 
 pers were accumulating and the want of a 
 suitable person who would permanently take 
 care of them was keenly felt. It was there- 
 fore determined that while under the consti- 
 tution the secretary must be elected annually, 
 it would be well to re-elect him so long as 
 he should satisfactorily perform his duties 
 and would accept the office. Dr. H. Genet 
 Taylor, a young graduate in medicine, who 
 had joined the society the year previous, was 
 elected, and has been continuously re-elected, 
 faithfully performing the duties of his office 
 for twenty-five years up to the present time. 
 During the Civil War he was absent serving 
 his country as surgeon in the Army of the 
 Potomac in the years 1862 and 1863, and in 
 1865 he was president of the society, when 
 his duties were performed by a secretary pro 
 tempore. Dr. Taylor was treasurer as well 
 as secretary until 1 874, when tlie two offices 
 were separated and Dr. Isaac B. Mulford 
 was made treasurer. This he held until his 
 death, in 1882, when Dr. Alexander Mecray, 
 the present incumbent, was elected to fill the 
 vacancy. 
 
 In a few years after the formation of the 
 society there ^arose a need of collecting each 
 year the medical history of the people and 
 the hygienic condition of the county. At a 
 meeting held June 18, 1852, Dr. Edward J. 
 Record made a motion that a committee of 
 three be appointed " to report of the diseases 
 incident in the county and also interesting 
 cases that may come under their notice." 
 The committee were Drs. O. H. Taylor, A. 
 D. AVoodruff and E. J. Record. At the 
 next meeting, in 185S, the name of " Stand- 
 
 ing Committee" was given to it and each 
 member was requested to transmit to the 
 chairman of it any interesting cases occurring 
 in his practice. Dr. O. H. Taylor was its 
 first chairman. The members of this com- 
 mittee were frequently changed, its number 
 remaining the same until 1875, when it 
 was increased to five members. In 1878 
 Dr. John W. Snowden was elected chair- 
 man and has been continued until now. 
 
 The Camden County Medical Society is 
 entitled to representation in the State Society 
 by delegates to the number of three at large, 
 and one additional for every ten members. 
 It also sends delegates to the American Med- 
 ical Association and to the neighboring dis- 
 trict societies in this State. 
 
 One of the most interesting proceedings ot 
 the early days of the society was the ordering, 
 in 1851, of an enumeration of all the physi- 
 cians practicing in the county. The com- 
 mittee appointed for that purpose reported at 
 the meeting held June 15, 1852, that the 
 total number was twenty-seven. Of these, 
 one was a botanical, or herb doctor, who was 
 not entitled to, nor did he claim, the privi- 
 leges of an educated physician. Two were 
 homoeopaths, one of whom was a graduate of 
 a regular college, and was a licentiate under 
 the law of 1851. The remaining twenty- 
 four were graduates of accepted medical col- 
 leges, twenty-two of them holding licenses 
 from the State Society, although five had ncr 
 glected to register their names in the clerk's 
 office, in accordance with the provisions of 
 the new law. The names of all these doctors 
 have not been preserved. In the year 1872 
 another census of the county was taken by 
 direction of the society. A report made to 
 it at the annualnieeting held on the 14th of 
 May, in that year, stated that the total num- 
 ber of practicing physicians was fifty-three. 
 Of this number, thirty-three were " regular 
 graduates, practicing as such, one regular, 
 but practicing homoeopathy at times." There 
 were thirteen professed homoeopaths and five 
 
A HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND MEDICAL MEN. 
 
 249 
 
 eclectics. The regular physicians were lo- 
 cated as follows : Twenty-one in Camden 
 City, four in Haddonfield, three in Black- 
 wood, three in Gloucester City, one near 
 Waterford and one in Berlin. 
 
 The Camden County Medical Society has 
 always taken an active interest in such pub- 
 lic affairs as legitimately came within its 
 province, and were calculated to be of bene- 
 fit to the county or State, and has never 
 failed to throw its influence in behalf of 
 whatever might conduce to the public wel- 
 fare. As early as 1854 Dr. John W. Snow- 
 den introduced into the society a resolution 
 " that the delegates of this society are hereby 
 instructed to suggest at the next meeting of 
 the State Society the propriety of an appli- 
 cation to the next Legislature for such mod- 
 ification of the present law as shall enforce 
 the registration of all the marriages, births 
 and deaths occurring in the State." This 
 measure has since that time been acted upon 
 by the Legislature of New Jersey, and an 
 efficient system of recording these data is now 
 in operation. 
 
 The next public event that aroused the 
 society was the breaking out of the great 
 Eebellion in 1861, and the calling for troops 
 "by the government. To this call the response 
 was prompt. Of the eighteen physicians 
 whose names were registered on the roll of 
 its members at the close of the Civil War, five 
 had enlisted in the service of their country : 
 Doctors Richard C. Dean and Henry Ackley 
 had entered the navy, Doctors H- Genet 
 Taylor and Bowman Hendry in the army, 
 and Dr. John E. Stevenson, in the Provost 
 Marshal General's Department, all as sur- 
 geons. The two in the navy were still on 
 its rolls, having engaged for a life-service. 
 The three who had been in the volunteer 
 service all had honorable discharges. 
 
 The society keeps a careful guardianship over 
 its county interests. It having been reported, 
 in 1879, that the Board of Chosen Freehold- 
 ers had inadvertently appointed an incompe- 
 
 tent man as resident physician of the County 
 Insane Asylum, at a meeting held May 12th, 
 of that year, Dr. James M. Ridge " moved 
 the appointment of a committee to report 
 what action is, in their opinion, advisable for 
 this society to take in reference to the ap- 
 pointment." Doctors James M. Ridge, 
 Alexander Marcy, N. B. Jennings, D. Ben- 
 jamin, E. B. Woolston, D. P. Pancoast and 
 H. Genet Taylor were appointed. At the 
 next meeting of the society, held November 
 11th, of that year, the committee reported 
 that they had held a meeting upon June 4th, 
 and had appointed a sub-committee, consist- 
 ing of Doctors D. Benjamin and O. B. Gross, 
 to attend the meeting of the committee of the 
 Board of Freeholders at Blackwood, and 
 that the latter had superseded the late medi- 
 cal incumbent, and had appointed Dr. Jona 
 J. Comfort, a former member of the society, 
 as resident physician of the Insane Asylum. 
 It also recommended that a number of phy- 
 sicians, members of the society, be appointed 
 to visit the asylum, in order that it might be 
 more properly under their inspection. A 
 vote of tiianks was tendered to Director Isaac 
 Nicholson, of the Board of Freeholders, and 
 to the members connected with him, for their 
 assistance in procuring the desired change. 
 Dr. Henry E. Branin, of Blackwood, at 
 present has charge of the County Asylum 
 and Almshouse. 
 
 A notable feature of the meetings of the 
 Camden County Medical Society is the social 
 gathering which accompanies them. The 
 hour of assembling was, at one time, twelve 
 o'clock, noon, but now it is eleven a.m. After 
 the business is disposed of, a collation is par- 
 taken of, at the expense of the society. It 
 is the custom to invite to these a number of 
 distinguished physicians from other places, 
 who have previously joined in the discussions 
 upon scientific and medical subjects, and have 
 given the members the benefit of their knowl- 
 edge and experience. The meetings have 
 always been held at hotels, where suitable ac- 
 
250 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 eommodations could be obtained. As was 
 previously stated, the first two were held at 
 the house of Joseph C. Shivers, in Haddon- 
 field. The next meeting was held at the 
 hotel of Israel English, at the foot of Coop- 
 er Street, and when Mr. English became the 
 landlord of the West Jersey Hotel, the so- 
 ciety followed him to it. Between 1855 and 
 1857, inclusive, they were transferred to the 
 hotel of James Elwell, at the foot of Bridge 
 Avenue. This building has been demolished, 
 and the site is now occupied by the offices of 
 the Pennsylvania Railroad Company. The 
 annual meeting of June 21, 1859, was held 
 at the hotel at Ellisburg, then kept by Stacy 
 Stockton. Returning to the West Jersey 
 Hotel, this continued to be the favorite place 
 until the retirement of Mr. English as host. 
 Mr. Samuel Archer, who then kept the old 
 house at Cooper's Point, having offered to 
 provide a suitable entertainment, and the 
 Camden and Atlantic Railroad Company 
 proffering the use of their rooms adjoining, 
 for meeting purposes, the society met there 
 from 1873 to 1880. Since then the meetings 
 have been held three times at Gloucester 
 (Buena Vista House and Thompson's Ho- 
 tel), but otherwise at the West Jersey 
 Hotel. 
 
 The expenses incurred by the society were 
 met by an assessment upon each member for 
 a pro-rata share of them, until the death of 
 Dr. E. M. Cooper, iu 1874. In his will, 
 which was dated April 28, 1874, and pro- 
 bated June 4th, of the same year, was the 
 following clause, " I give and bequeath to 
 the Camden County District Medical Society, 
 of which I have been a member since its 
 commencement, the sum of three thousand 
 dollars, to be invested by the said Society in 
 the loans of the United States, the State of 
 New Jersey, or the City and County of Cam- 
 den or some other public loan, and the in- 
 terest of said sum to be used by the said So- 
 ciety in the payment of the expenses ordina- 
 rily incurred by the said Society. In case 
 
 my executors should think proper to pay 
 said legacy in any securities belonging to my 
 estate, bearing interest at their market value, 
 I do authorize and direct them to pay said 
 legacy in such securities instead of cash." 
 To accept of this legacy, the society, at a 
 meeting held May 10, 1875, determined to 
 appoint two trustees, one for one year and 
 one for two years, who, with the treasurer, 
 should constitute a board of finance. These 
 were elected the succeeding year, and were 
 Dr. John V. Sclienck for two years, Dr. 
 Thomas F. Cullen for one year, and Dri 
 Isaac B. Mulford, treasurer. Dr. Cooper's 
 executors set aside three one thousand dollar 
 seven per cent, bonds of the West Jersey 
 Railroad Company, which were left with, 
 and are still in the possession of, John W. 
 Wright, who is one of them, who pays the 
 interest as it becomes due. 
 
 The New Jersey State Medical Society has 
 three times met as the guests of the Camden 
 County Society. The first time in 1849, when 
 the semi-annual meeting of the former society 
 convened at Elwell's Hotel, on November 
 13th of that year. The annual meeting, in 
 January, 1864, was held in Camden, at Mor- 
 gan's Hall, on the corner of Fourth and Mar- 
 ket Streets. The reception committee were 
 Drs. R. M. Cooper, T. F. Cullen, J. V. 
 Schenck, O. H. Taylor and A. D. Woodruff. 
 They found great difficulty in finding hotel 
 accommodations for members, some of whom 
 had to go to Philadelphia to secure them. 
 The expenses incurred by the committee were 
 paid by Dr. R. M. Cooper out of his private 
 funds. 
 
 In the year 1874 Atlantic City had become 
 a favorite seaside resort, with several hotels 
 each large enough to accommodate the whole 
 State Society. There being no medical soci- 
 ety in Atlantic County, it was determined by 
 the Camden County Society to invite the 
 first-named society to hold their next annual 
 meeting there. A committee, consisting of 
 Drs. J. W. Suowden, J. V. Schenck, J. Or- 
 
A HISTORY OF MEDICtNE AND MEDICAL MEN. 
 
 251 
 
 lando White, I. B. Heulings, J. R. Stevenson 
 and T. F. Cullen, was appointed to make 
 preparations. Tiie meeting was held May 
 25, 1876. It was memorable for several rea- 
 sons. It was the first time a county society 
 had ever selected a place outside of its own 
 jurisdiction to entertain its parent society. 
 The Camden and Atlantic Railroad Company 
 provided, free of expense, a special train to 
 convey delegates and invited guests both ways, 
 issuing tickets good for three days, on any 
 train. 
 
 As far as is known, this was the first 
 instance in the United States where a railroad 
 had offered such a courtesy to any body of 
 medical men. For several years a few of the 
 members had been accompanied by their 
 wives and daughters to these meetings of the 
 State Society, which hold for two days. As 
 the families of physicians enjoy but few op- 
 
 portunities to join them in a holiday excur- 
 sion, it was determined by the committee to 
 offer the greatest inducements for the ladies 
 to accompany the delegates to Atlantic City. 
 Invitations were issued for them to attend 
 and to partake of a banq net, which the Cam- 
 den County Society had ordered for the eve- 
 ning, and the minutest details of the shortest 
 route to Camden and thence to the seaside 
 were furnished them. The attendance, es- 
 pecially of ladies, was larger than it had ever 
 been at any previous meeting. The State 
 Society, however, passed a resolution prohib- 
 iting any county society from providing any 
 banquet in the future, because of the burden 
 it would entail on poorer societies. The cit- 
 izens of Atlantic City did all in their power 
 to give pleasure to their guests. 
 
 Members of the Camden County Medical 
 Society since its organization, — 
 
 Date of 
 admisKioD. 
 
 1846 
 1846 
 .1846 
 1846 
 1846 
 1846 
 1847 
 1847 
 1847 
 1847 
 1848 
 1848 
 1849 
 1849 
 1849 
 1860 
 1850 
 1850 
 1851 
 1852 
 1864 
 1854 
 1857 
 1857 
 1859 
 1860 
 1860 
 1863 
 1863 
 1864 
 1866 
 1866 
 1866 
 
 .Jacob P. Thornton... 
 Richard M. Cooper... 
 
 James C. Risley 
 
 Charles D. Hendry... 
 Othniel H. Taylor... 
 Isaac S. Mulford 
 
 A. D. WoodruflF. 
 
 Bowman Hendry 
 
 Daniel M. Stout 
 
 Benj, W. Blackwood.. 
 
 John V. Schenck 
 
 Edward J. .Record 
 
 John W. Snowden 
 
 John J. Jessup 
 
 Robt. M. Smallwood.. 
 
 Jacob Grigg 
 
 Thos. F. Cullen 
 
 Sylvester Birdsell 
 
 Ezekial C. Chew 
 
 B. Fullerton Miles 
 
 G. W.Bartholomew... 
 
 Richard C. Dean 
 
 N. B. Jennings 
 
 W.G.Thomas 
 
 Henry Ackley ;. 
 
 H. Genet Taylor 
 
 Henry E. Branin 
 
 J. Gilbert Young 
 
 John R. Stevenson.... 
 
 Alex. Marcy 
 
 Joseph F. Garrison... 
 
 James M. Ridge 
 
 Jonathan J. Comfort 
 
 Year of 
 gi-aduation. 
 
 1828 
 1839 
 1844 
 1832 
 1825 
 1822 
 1844 
 1846 
 1847 
 1828 
 1847 
 1848 
 1844 
 1848 
 1849 
 1843 
 1844 
 1848 
 1843 
 1852 
 1863 
 1864 
 1866 
 1854 
 1868 
 1860 
 1868 
 1862 
 1863 
 1861 
 1845 
 1852 
 1859 
 
 College where graduated. 
 
 University of Pennsylvania 
 
 University of Pennsylvania 
 
 Jefferson Medical College 
 
 University of Pennsylvania 
 
 University of Pennsylvania 
 
 University of Pennsylvania 
 
 Jefferson Medical College 
 
 Jefferson Medical College 
 
 Jefferson Medical College 
 
 University of Pennsylvania 
 
 University of Pennsylvania 
 
 Jefferson Medical College 
 
 University of Pennsylvania 
 
 .lefferson Medical College , 
 
 University of Pennsylvania 
 
 University of Pennsylvania 
 
 University of Pennsylvania 
 
 Jefferson Medical College 
 
 Jefferson Medical College 
 
 Jefferson Medical College 
 
 University of Pennsylvania 
 
 .Jefferson Medical College 
 
 Jefferson Medical College 
 
 Pennsylvania Medical College ... 
 
 Jefferson Medical College 
 
 University of Pennsylvania 
 
 Jefferson Medical College 
 
 University of Pennsylvania 
 
 University of Pennsylvania 
 
 University of Pennsylvania 
 
 University of Pennsylvania 
 
 University of Pennsylvania 
 
 Jefferson Medical College 
 
 Removed West. 
 Died May 24, 1874. 
 Died Nov. 26, 1866. 
 Died April 29, 1869. 
 Died Sept. 5, 1869. 
 Died Feb. 17, 1873. 
 Died Jan. 1881. 
 Died June 8, 1868. 
 Present member. 
 Died Jan. 19, 1866. 
 Died July 25, 1882. 
 Expelled. 
 Present member. 
 Died 1852. 
 Died Feb. 8, 1866. 
 Removed to Burl'n Co. 
 Died Nov. 21, 1878. 
 Died May 29, 1883. 
 Removed West. 
 Removed. 
 Expelled. 
 Honorary member. 
 Died April 17, 1885. 
 Died Aug. 17, 1858. 
 Died Dec. 1, 1865. 
 Present member. 
 Present member. 
 Honorary member. 
 Present member. 
 Present member. 
 Honorary member. 
 Present member. 
 Removed. 
 
 T 
 
252 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Date of 
 admission. 
 
 1867 
 
 1867 
 
 1867 
 
 1867 
 
 1867 
 
 1867 
 
 1868 
 
 1870 
 
 1870 
 
 1871 
 
 1871 
 
 1871 
 
 1871 
 
 1871 
 
 1871 
 
 1871 
 
 1871 
 
 1872 
 
 1873 
 
 1875 
 
 1875 
 
 1876 
 
 1876 
 
 1876 
 
 1876 
 
 1876 
 
 1876 
 
 1877 
 
 1877 
 
 1877 
 
 1878 
 
 1878 
 
 1879 
 
 1879 
 
 1879 
 
 1880 
 
 1881 
 
 1881 
 
 1881 
 
 1882 
 
 1883 
 
 1883 
 
 1884 
 
 1884 
 
 1884 
 
 1885 
 
 1885 
 
 1885 
 
 1886 
 
 1886 
 
 Name. 
 
 Peter V. Schenck 
 
 H. A. M. Smith 
 
 Alex. M. Mecray 
 
 J. Newton Achiiff.... 
 
 T. J. Smith 
 
 Joha M. Sullivan 
 
 J. Orlando White 
 
 I. W. Hewlings 
 
 Randall W. Morgan.. 
 
 J. W. McCullough 
 
 John E. Haney 
 
 D. ParrishPancoast... 
 
 R. B. Okie.. 
 
 Isaac B. Multbrd 
 
 Thomas Westcott 
 
 W. H. Ireland 
 
 Geo. W. Boughman... 
 Edwin Tomlinson 
 
 C. H. Shivers 
 
 Maximillian West 
 
 E. B. Woolston 
 
 E. L. B. Godfrey 
 
 W. P. Melcher 
 
 James A. Armstrong.. 
 Thomas G. Rowand... 
 E. J. Snitcher 
 
 D. W. Blake 
 
 W. A. Davis 
 
 Dowling Benjamin... 
 
 John S. Miller 
 
 J. F.Walsh 
 
 S. B. Irwin 
 
 W. H. Iszard 
 
 Onan B. Gross 
 
 James H. Wroth 
 
 J. W. Donges 
 
 C. M. Schellinger 
 
 H. H. Davis 
 
 0. G. Garrison 
 
 W. A. Hamilton 
 
 H. F. Palm 
 
 E. P. Townsend 
 
 Conrad G. Hoell 
 
 A. T. Dobson, Jr 
 
 P. W. Beale 
 
 Daniel Strock 
 
 Joseph H. Wills 
 
 Wm. Warnock 
 
 Jesse J. Wills 
 
 James A. Wamsley.... 
 
 Year of 
 graduation. 
 
 1860 
 1864 
 1863 
 1867 
 1866 
 1858 
 1868 
 1869 
 1870 
 1860 
 1861 
 1859 
 1870 
 1871 
 
 College where graduated. 
 
 1867 
 1863 
 1872 
 1873 
 1875 
 1854 
 1876 
 1876 
 1861 
 1850 
 1874 
 1876 
 1876 
 1877 
 
 University of Pennsylvania , 
 Jefferson Medical College .... 
 University of Pennsylvania . 
 Jefferson Medical College .... 
 University of Pennsylvania . 
 Jefferson Medical College .... 
 University of Pennsylvania . 
 Jefferson Medical College .... 
 University of Pennsylvania . 
 Jefferson Medi-jal College .... 
 University of Pennsylvania . 
 University of Pennsylvania . 
 University of Pennsylvania . 
 University of Pennsylvania 
 
 1876 
 1844 
 1870 
 1878 
 1878 
 1866 
 1879 
 1879 
 1872 
 1870 
 1881 
 1863 
 1882 
 1882 
 1876 
 1877 
 1880 
 1880 
 1884 
 1878 
 
 University of Pennsylvania . 
 Jefferson Medical College .... 
 Jefferson Medical College .... 
 .Jefferson Medical College .... 
 Universiiy of Pennsylvania . 
 University of Pennsylvania . 
 Jefferson Medical College .... 
 University of Pennsylvania . 
 University of Pennsylvania . 
 
 Philadelphia College 
 
 Chicago Medical College 
 
 Jefferson Medical College .... 
 University of Pennsylvania . 
 University of Pennsylvania . 
 
 University of Pennsylvania 
 Jefferson Medical College .... 
 Jefferson Medical College .... 
 University of Pennsylvania 
 University of Pennsylvania . 
 University of Pennsylvania . 
 Jefferson Medical College .... 
 Jefferson Medical College .... 
 University of Pennsylvania . 
 
 University of Maryland 
 
 Jefferson Medical College .... 
 Jefferson Medical College .... 
 University of Pennsylvania . 
 University of Pennsylvania . 
 Jefferson Medical College .... 
 Jefferson Medical College .... 
 University of Pennsylvania . 
 University of Pennsylvania . 
 Jefferson Medical College .... 
 Jefferson Medical College .... 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 Died March 12, 1885. 
 
 Present member. 
 
 Present member. 
 
 Died. 
 
 Removed in 1868. 
 
 Removed. 
 
 Present member. 
 
 Honorary member. 
 
 Died Oct. 20, 1884. 
 
 Died March 5, 1881. 
 
 Present member. 
 
 Present member. 
 
 Removed to Pen n a. 
 
 Died Nov. 21, 1882. 
 
 Resigned. 
 
 Present member. 
 
 Present member. 
 
 Present member. 
 
 Present member. 
 
 Rem. to Atlantic City. 
 
 Present member. 
 
 Present member. 
 
 Rem. to Burlington Co. 
 
 Died Oct. 30, 1885. 
 
 Present member. 
 
 Present member. 
 
 Present member. 
 
 Present member. 
 
 Present member. 
 
 Removed. 
 
 Present member. 
 Present member. 
 Present member. 
 Present member. 
 Rem. to New Mexico. 
 Present member. 
 
 Present member. 
 Present member. 
 Honorary member. 
 Present member. 
 Present member. 
 Present member. 
 Present member. 
 Present member. 
 Present member. 
 Present member. 
 Present member. 
 Present member. 
 Present member. 
 Present member. 
 
 PRESTIIENTS OP HAMDEN COVNTY IIEBIOAL SOCIETY. 
 
 James 0. Risley, 184G-47. 
 Isaac S. Milfoid, 1848-51. 
 Charles D. Hendry, 1862-53. 
 A. Dickinson Woodrurf, 18.54. 
 John W. Snowden, 1855-75. 
 OthniclH. Taylor, 1856. 
 Tliomas P. Cullen, 1857. 
 Sylvester Birdsell, 1858. 
 John V. Sohenck, 1869-73, 
 Bowman Hendry, ISfiO. 
 Napoleon B. Jennings, 1861. 
 Henry E. Branin, 1862, 
 
 James M. Ridge, 1867. 
 Jonathan J. Comfort, 1808. 
 Alexander M. Mecray, 1869. 
 J. Orlando White, 1870. 
 Richard M. Cooper, 18' 1-74. 
 Isaac W. Heulings, 187^. 
 Edwin Tomlinson, 1877. 
 H. A. M. Smith, 1878. 
 1). Parish Panooast, 1879. 
 C, H, Shivers, 1880. 
 Isaac B, Mulford, 1881, 
 E. h. B. Godfrey, 1882. 
 
 J. GJilbertl'oung, lSo;i, 
 John R, Stevenson, 1864. 
 11. Genet Taylor, 1866. 
 Alexander Marcy, 1866-76 
 
 Diseases and their Remedies.- 
 
 John B. Haney, 1883, 
 Dowling Benjamin, 1884. 
 B. B. Woolston, 1S86. 
 W. H. Ireland, 1886. 
 
 -There 
 
 isbut little information concerning thediseases 
 that prevailed in Camden County prior to 
 the formation of its Medical Society. The 
 limited number of physicians who practiced 
 in it between 1730 and 1846 had but little 
 
A HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND MEDICAL MEN. 
 
 253 
 
 time to write any account of their observa- 
 tions and experience, and still less opportunity 
 to publish theifi. It is, therefore, from 
 traditions that have been well preserved in 
 this section, compared with the accounts of 
 diseases and epidemics in other parts of this 
 and adjacent colonies, that a knowledge of 
 them can be best obtained. 
 
 There is a widespread belief that the 
 climate of this section has changed, and that 
 diseases now are very different from what 
 they were in early times. A hundred years 
 ago the old were wont to lament the change 
 and deterioration of the seasons, since the 
 days of their youth, in the same strain as their 
 descendants do now. A careful examination 
 of weather notes shows that there has been 
 no climatic variation since the early settle- 
 ment of the county. There were then, as 
 now, cycles of hot and dry summers, alter- 
 nating with cool and moist ones ; cold, bleak 
 winters with warm and wet ones. There was 
 the chilly spring and the mild autumn. With 
 the exceptio'n of a few maladies, like cholera, 
 that have been imported from countries with 
 which, in former times, there was only in- 
 frequent and slow communication, there is 
 no evidence that there are any diseases now 
 that did not occur in early days. Their 
 symptoms and courses have been greatly 
 modified by a change in the habits and cus- 
 toms of the people, and by improved medi- 
 cation and sanitation. 
 
 In colonial times the houses were nearly 
 all built of wood, a few were log, but most 
 of them were constructed of rough sawed 
 boards, with board partitions, and without 
 plaster. There were no carpets on the floor. 
 The only mode of heating them was by a 
 wood fire in an open fire-place, by which the 
 family sat in the Arctic cold of winter, one 
 side of the body alternately chilled and 
 warmed as it was turned to or from the 
 blazing logs. Their clothing was of home- 
 spun wool ; only on ceremonial displays did 
 the well-to-do wear linen or silk shirts or 
 32 
 
 stockings. Underclothing was not worn 
 until the present century, even after cotton 
 cloth had been substituted for woolen stuffs. 
 Overcoats were a rare luxury, but a few of 
 the wealthier men possessed them. Bangups 
 they were called, made of good imported 
 cloth ; they were reserved for state occasions ; 
 they were expected to last a life-time, and 
 sometimes descended as an heirloom to the 
 son. Rubber over-shoes and clothing were 
 never dreamed of until within the present 
 generation. The only mode of traveling was 
 in the open boat or on horseback exposed to 
 the weather. 
 
 Their diet did not compare any more 
 favorably with that of modern times than 
 did their clothing. Vegetables were plentiful 
 in the summer, but there was no method of 
 preserving the perishable ones through the 
 other nine months of the year. Their bread 
 was made from rye, wheat having come into 
 general use only within the last fifty years. 
 The staple meats were salt pork and ham. 
 In the eai-lier period of the settlement this 
 was relieved by game, but as the country 
 filled up, it became scarce and had a mercan- 
 tile price ; then it was sold. Mutton was but 
 little eaten. Prior to the Revolution sheep 
 were so valuable that in old wills bequests 
 are left to daughters of a ewe-lamb and 
 feather-bed in lieu of any real estate. After 
 the embargo laid upon wool during the war 
 it became unpatriotic and disreputable to eat 
 mutton, and this sentiment continued to pro- 
 hibit its use long after the reason for it had 
 been forgotten. It was only in the winter 
 that they had fresh meat. When they wanted 
 beef they fatted the oldest and most worthless 
 cow on the farm, and when cold weather set 
 in they killed it, and after the meat had been 
 cooked to the indigestibility of leather, they 
 ate it three times a day until putrefaction 
 commenced. It is not surprising (hat beef 
 was not considered a wholesome food. One 
 superlative article of food they possessed in 
 abundance, whose value as a substitute for 
 
254 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 any deficiency in a diet is nnsurpassed, but 
 which has not been appreciated by either 
 the medical profession or the laity, until 
 recently. That was milk. This was not a 
 salable commodity, and that is, perhaps, the 
 reason why it was considered to be a plebeian 
 drink. The dividing line between gentility 
 and common people was milk. To have 
 oifered an invited guest at the table 
 a glass of it would have been an uu- 
 pardonable offence. The family, including 
 the children, at the first table had their tea 
 and coffee ; the bound boy at the second table 
 had an unstinted supply of milk. The result 
 was that a quarter of a century afterwards 
 the bound boy owned the farm. 
 
 Alcoholic drinks were freely used. Apple- 
 whiskey was in -every one's house. Imported 
 wines and brandies purchased by the wealthier 
 people were reserved for special occasions. It 
 was customary to take a drink of spirits be- 
 fore breakfast to counteract the deleterious 
 effects of fog and dampness. If a neighbor 
 was visited, or the visit returned, the de- 
 canter was set out as a mark of hospitality. 
 It was not believed that any excessive labor, 
 like haying and harvesting, could be done 
 without it. The jug was taken to the mea- 
 dow or field along with the water-bucket, and 
 when the men had cut a number of swaths 
 across the grass or gj-ain, a halt was made to 
 take a draught of the liquor. At social 
 gatherings, at weddings, at funerals, and even 
 at child-births the flowing bowl was passed 
 around. 
 
 The contrast between these early habits 
 and customs and those of to-day is most 
 marked. Without enumerating them, it will 
 suffice to state that a temperance man in the 
 eighteenth century was one who never got 
 intoxicated ; now he is a total abstainer from 
 alcoholic beverages. Now the well-filled de- 
 canter is not only kept out of sight, but it is 
 banished from the house. One township in 
 this county has for fifteen years prohibited 
 the sale of liquor within its limits. 
 
 As might be expected, inflammatory dis- 
 eases were formerly very frequent, and their 
 symptoms violent. Pleurisy, bronchitis, 
 pneumonia and rheumatism prevailed exten- 
 sively, especially in years in which the 
 thermometric changes favored their develop- 
 ment. They were much oftener fatal than 
 they are now. Cholera-morbus, dysentery 
 and diarrhoea, which are rarely fatal now, 
 then caused the death of many. Scarlet 
 fever, measles and whooping-cough, which 
 are the bane of childhood, exhibited the same 
 infantile violence as the diseases of adult life. 
 Sickness, especially epidemics, as far back as 
 1726, are noted as having been sthenic or 
 asthenic, but there is no record of that 
 popular word typhoid, as applied to depressed 
 forms of illness, having been used in this 
 county until 1855, when Dr. T. F. Cullen 
 reported that malarious diseases had that year 
 assumed a typhoid form. These facts wt)uld 
 indicate that the changes in the mode of liv- 
 ing of the people, which had been gradually 
 improving up to the discovery ' of gold in 
 California in 1848, and very rapidly since 
 then, had produced a moiety of people of 
 weak constitution, who, under the surround- 
 ings of earlier days, invariably died young. 
 
 Intermittent and remittent fevers were 
 common on the Delaware slope of the county. 
 In 1798 there is a record that they were 
 prevalent on the high ground, while yellow 
 bilious fever attacked those along the river- 
 shore. In 1823 Dr. Charles F. Clarke, of 
 "Woodbury, in his notes, says that bilious 
 fevers were epidemic, and so numerous were 
 the cases, that as he rode along at night, 
 farmers would keep a light burning as a 
 signal for him that there was sickness in the 
 house. The reports made to the Camden 
 County Medical Society state that malarial 
 fevers prevailed along the streams in 1848. 
 After this little is said about them until 1866, 
 when they again became frequent, and con- 
 tinued to increase until 1862, when they were 
 declared to be epidemic. Then they began 
 
A HISTOEY OF MEDICINE AND MEDICAL MEN. 
 
 255 
 
 to decline, until iu 1867, and for five years 
 afterwards, they had so diminished that the 
 physicians congratulated themselves that these 
 diseases were finally disappearing. In 1873 
 they reappeared, steadily increasing in num- 
 ber and severity until 1877, when they were 
 again pronounced to be epidemic ; since then 
 they have been declining, and at present 
 (1886) are quite infrequent. Professor Kalm, 
 reporting to the Swedish government in 1748, 
 concerning Gloucester (Camden included) 
 County, says fevers and agues were more 
 common than any other disease. In some 
 years they ravaged the whole county, in 
 others " scarcely a single person was taken 
 ill." 
 
 At the time that Kalm wrote, the Atlantic 
 slope of the county, called the " Pines," was 
 not inhabited, except by a few wood-chop- 
 pers. From the earliest times this section 
 has been popularly credited with great ex- 
 emption from pulmonary and miasmatic dis- 
 eases. More recently Dr. John W. Snowden, 
 who has practiced medicine in that section 
 for forty years, and who is the able chairman 
 of the Standing Committee and reporter of 
 the Camden County Medical Society, states 
 that he never saw a case of intermittent or 
 remittent fever originate there. He also 
 confirms its reputation for freedom from pul^ 
 monary affections. 
 
 Typhoid fever was not known as a distinct 
 disease until it was investigated and de- 
 scribed by Louis, a French physician, in the 
 early part of the present century. There is 
 no doubt but that cases of it occurred here so 
 soon as the concretions from filth were suffi- 
 cient to form a nidus for its growth. The 
 milder forms of it were classed with obsti- 
 nate remittent fever, and helped to swell its 
 mortality list. In the tradition that has 
 come down to us of the dreaded and fatal 
 nervous fever, as it was called, may be found 
 a description of a severe case of typhoid fever 
 where the cerebral symptoms were promi- 
 nent. In the reports of the medical society 
 
 this disease is noted as occurring more or less 
 throughout the county every year, although 
 in some seasons it is more frequent than in 
 others, especially in Camden. Haddonfield 
 seems to have had great immunity from it, 
 as there is no record of any case happening 
 there that was not contracted elsewhere. 
 
 Typhus fever has been an infrequent dis- 
 ease during the history of the county. 
 There was an epidemic of it in Camden in 
 1812, in which a number lost their lives, but 
 otherwise that city has been remarkably free 
 from it. Dr. Bowman Hendry had some 
 cases of it adjacent to the almshouse at 
 Blackwood. At this institution it is occa- 
 sionally introduced by vagrants, and in 1881 
 it became epidemic, there having been one 
 hundred and three cases and thirty-three 
 deaths from it. Dr. McCullough, one of 
 the attending physicians, fell a victim to the 
 disease. 
 
 The proximity of Camden County to the 
 port of Philadelphia has made it liable to be 
 invaded by yellow fever. There is no record 
 of its having become located within the 
 county limits, although the lower end of 
 Gloucester County, from which it was set off, 
 has been charged with having reproduced it 
 along the river-shore in 1747 and 1798. 
 There were epidemics of yellow fever in 
 Philadelphia in 1762; between the years 
 1793 and 1798 ; between 1802 and 1805 ; and 
 in the years 1819 and 1820. At these peri- 
 ods there were isolated cases contracted by 
 visits to infected districts of that city. Dur- 
 ing the epidemic of 1853 there does not ap- 
 pear to have been any deaths from it in 
 Camden County. In 1854 there was one 
 case of yellow fever in Camden in the person 
 of a sailor who, two days previous to his 
 attack, had landed from a steamer sixty hours 
 from Savannah, Ga. 
 
 The insidious and obscure diseases of the 
 kidneys observed and described by Dr. 
 Bright, of England, in 1828, and after whom 
 they are named, were not diagno.«€d by phy- 
 
256 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 sicians until chemistry and microscopy had 
 advanced to such a state of progress as to 
 offer the only means of detecting them. The 
 first application of these sciences in Camden 
 County for this purpose was made by a mem- 
 ber of its Medical Society in 1865. Since 
 that date Bright's disease is known to be the 
 cause of a limited number of deaths here an- 
 nually. Fatal results from some formerly 
 obscure cases of dropsy are now known to be 
 caused by this disease. There are some fam- 
 ilies who have noticed that for two or three 
 generations a number of their members have 
 died of dropsy. Some of these deaths within 
 the last twenty years have been the sequelae 
 of Bright's disease. The inference is, there- 
 fore, that the dropsy of former generations 
 was produced by the same cause, and that, 
 to a limited extent, Bright's disease is heredi- 
 tary. 
 
 In 1735-36 a terrible epidemic swept over 
 the colonies, called the " throat distemper." 
 In the accounts of it that have come down to 
 us, and in the traditions of a not infrequent 
 disease called, in this county, "putrid sore 
 throat," may be discerned the modern diph- 
 theria. Under the latter name the malady 
 is but little mentioned in the records of the 
 Medical Society until 1862, when Dr. Cullen 
 reported that it had been seen occasionally 
 during the year, but that he did not believe 
 that it had ever been epidemic in Camden 
 City. Since that date it has appeared more 
 or less every year throughout the county, but 
 not to any great extent. 
 
 Small pox was a much dreaded disease in 
 colonial times. The introduction of inocula- 
 tion here, about 1750, robbed it of some of 
 its terrors, and the discovery of vaccination, 
 by Jenner, at the close of the last century, 
 made it still more harmless. Yet it still 
 lingers, and at times becomes epidemic. The 
 Camden County Medical Society reported it 
 to be so in Camden City in 1856, 1864, 1871 
 and 1880. In the latter year there were six 
 hundred and eighty-eight cases and one 
 
 hundred and thirty-four deaths from it. The 
 number of gratuitous vaccinations made to 
 check the disease was about eight thousand. 
 
 Asiatic cholera is an imported disease in- 
 digenous to Southern Asia. Its first appear- 
 ance in Camden County was in 1832. The 
 accounts of its ravages then are very meagre. 
 Dr. Isaac S. Mulford, writing in 1855, says 
 that it was not so violent as were the subse- 
 quent epidemics of 1849 and 1854, all of 
 which he witnessed. He also says that in the 
 first-named year it possessed a sthenic char- 
 acter. Among the papers of the late Dr. 
 Charles F. Clarke, of Woodbury, is one 
 stating that the people were greatly afraid of 
 it, believing it to be contagious, and that he 
 had helped to bury the bodies of the dead, 
 which the people in their terror had thrown 
 upon the river-shore. 
 
 Its second appearance was in 1849, the 
 first case occurring in Camden in the middle 
 of June. At that time the city had a popu- 
 lation of nine thousand people, many of 
 whom fled ; yet between its advent and the 
 commencement of cold weather, when it 
 ceased, there were one hundred and nineteen 
 cases and fifty deaths. In Winslow there 
 were a number of deaths from cholera, but 
 no account of them has been preserved. 
 There were also a few isolated cases in the 
 other townships. Camden was next visited 
 by this disease in 1854, when the first person 
 attacked died from it on June 25th. It did 
 not assume an epidemic form until October, 
 and ceased on November 23d. In this year 
 there were ninety-four cases and fifty-seven 
 deaths. During its continuance the Camden 
 City Medical Society held several special 
 meetings to consult about it, and the mem- 
 bers exerted themselves to the utmost to 
 check its ravages. In Haddpnfield there was 
 a single case that had been contracted in 
 Camden. The susceptibility of the latter 
 city to become a cholera centre, the virulence 
 and the fatality of the scourge there, gave it a 
 reputation for unhealthfulness that seriously 
 
A HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND MEDICAL MEN. 
 
 257 
 
 checked its growth, so that between 1849 and 
 1866 its population only increased from nine 
 thousand to eighteen thousand. 
 
 When it was reported, in 1865, that 
 cholera was approaching the United States, 
 the Camden City Medical Society, alert to the 
 dangers to be apprehended from another 
 visitation, at their stated meeting held Sep- 
 tember 7th of that year, appointed Drs. John 
 E. Stevenson, Isaac S. Mulford, Alexander 
 Marcy and Thomas F. Cullen a committee 
 to adopt measures to prevent an anticipated 
 invasion of cholera. Their final report states 
 that upon inspection they found Camden to 
 be as filthy as any city of its size in the 
 Union. The drainage was superficial and 
 imperfect; garbage and coal ashes were 
 thrown into the streets, but few of which 
 were paved ; the cesspools, shallow in depth, 
 were in many places overflowing upon the 
 ground, and pig sties had been allowed to be 
 erected in the yards of the poorer classes. 
 The committee consulted with the City 
 Council, who courteously received their sug- 
 gestions, and through their sanitary commit- 
 tee, of which John S. Lee was chairman and 
 Colonel Joseph C. Nichols the efficient execu- 
 tive officer, put in force the ordinances which 
 were plenary. Before the summer of 1866 
 they had cleansed the city and abated all 
 nuisances. In this year the first case of 
 cholera occurred on June 25th, when the 
 city authorities, having previously provided 
 a stock of disinfectants, as recommended by 
 the medical committee, virtually transferred 
 the direction of sanitary measures to the 
 latter, who investigated each case of the dis- 
 ease, and had the premises and clothing of 
 the sick promptly disinfected. There were 
 in this year thirty-nine cases of cholera and 
 thirty deaths. It did not become epidemic, 
 as it only became located in two places, in 
 both of which it was stamped out within 
 thirty-six hours. Just beyond the city limits, 
 in Newton township, there were twenty-seven 
 cases, and twenty-five deaths in a negro 
 
 hamlet. With the exception of one at 
 Winslow, there were no others in Camden 
 County. In the year 1873 there were three 
 reported instances of cholera in Camden 
 City, and in one person it proved fatal. 
 
 The experience of 1866 in Camden and 
 elsewhere demonstrated the power and effi- 
 ciency of well-directed sanitary measures in 
 preventing the spread of infectious and con- 
 tagious diseases, and subsequent observation 
 confirmed it. 
 
 In the year 1880 the Legislature of New 
 Jersey passed an act creating a State Board 
 of Health of nine members, which enact- 
 ment provided that every city, town or 
 borough shall have a Board of Health of not 
 less than five nor more than seven members, 
 of which the recorder of vital statistics, one 
 city physician and the city health inspector 
 shall be members. In each township, the 
 township committee, the assessor and town- 
 ship physician compose the Board of Health. 
 Any city, borough or township which had a 
 local Board of Health at the time of the 
 passage of this act was exempt from its pro- 
 visions. Camden was one of those exempted 
 and did not accept the provisions of the 
 health law until 1885. During the years 
 1884 and 1885, Dr. O. B. Gross acted as 
 special inspector of that city for the State 
 Board of Health. 
 
 The use of herbs as remedies has already 
 been described. Cider, although a beverage, 
 may be classed as a medicine. In former 
 times it was drank hot at night as a cure for 
 colds. The ground Jesuit's bark was mixed 
 in it to make the dose more palatable, and it 
 had the popular reputation of being " good 
 for the liver." Every large farmer had his 
 cider-mill, where he made his own cider, and 
 which he loaned for the use of his less fortu- 
 nate neighbors. Scattered at convenient 
 points throughout the district were farmers 
 who added a still to their cider-mill, and who 
 distilled the cider of their friends into apple 
 whiskey on shares. At the present time there 
 
.258 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 are only a few cider-presses, and but two 
 whiskey stills in the county. One still is 
 owned by Joshua Peacock, near Haddonfield ; 
 the other by Hugh Sharp, adjacent toMarlton. 
 An early industry was the distillation of the 
 essential oils of sassafras, pennyroyal, horse- 
 mint, winter-green, spearmint, etc., from 
 indigenous plants that were once very abun- 
 dant. Their product was sold locally for 
 use as liniments and rubefacients, and the 
 surplus sent to the Philadelphia market. 
 These oil-stills gradually fell into the hands 
 of the negroes. Between 1840 and 1850 
 one was operated in Joi'dantown by a colored 
 man, Stephen Polk, and by his son Elzey. 
 The last one in the county was owned by a 
 colored man styled "Dr. Thomas," residing 
 near Marlton. This was abandoned about 
 twenty years ago. 
 
 About the year 1822, Nathan Willets be- 
 gan the cultivation of the castor bean on the 
 farm where he resided, on the Haddonfield 
 and Clements Bridge road, two miles from 
 Haddonfield. He also prepared the oil for 
 market. He continued the business for 
 some twenty years. 
 
 Until the beginning of the present century 
 physicians made their visits on horseback 
 with a saddle-bag attached to it, in which 
 were carried their medicines and the few in- 
 struments they used. They prepared their 
 own pills and potions. Among their prep- 
 arations were those of mercury, a very an- 
 cient remedy, which had been always in mod- 
 erate use. Calomel came into repute in 
 1736 as an application for the throat dis- 
 temper, but mercurials were not pushed to 
 salivation until within the present century. 
 This mode of medication continued up to 
 1850. Since then mercury has fallen into 
 disuse by the medical profession, but when 
 the great increase in the consumption of offic- 
 inal and patent pills, most of which contain 
 some compound of this metal, is taken into 
 consideration, it is doubtful if any less of it 
 is taken by the people now than formerly, 
 
 only the manner of administration has 
 changed. 
 
 Venesection began to be employed about 
 1750 and became so papular with physicians 
 that it was employed in all cases, the lancet 
 being their invariable accompaniment. Now, 
 so completely has it fallen into discredit that 
 but few of the present members of the Cam- 
 den County Medical Society have ever bled 
 a patient. 
 
 Boerhaave, elected professor at Leyden in 
 1701, announced the doctrine that all dis- 
 eases were the result of humors in the blood. 
 This was accepted by physicians everywhere, 
 who, in accordance with it, prohibited the use 
 of cold drinks in sickness, but made their 
 patients drink hot teas, keep the window 
 closed to prevent the ingress of fresh air, 
 and plied them with bed-covers to induce 
 perspiration. There are old residents here 
 who well remember the discomforts and mis- 
 ery of such treatment. 
 
 A few of the best-known old standard 
 drugs and some popular nostrums were early 
 sold by the country merchants. They are at 
 this day to be found in the stock of the 
 cross-roads stores in this section. The first 
 drug store in Camden County was opened 
 by Thomas Redman in November, 1735. 
 He was the son of Dr. Thomas Redman, of 
 Philadelphia, and was born March 31, 1714. 
 He was educated an apothecary, and, having 
 removed to Haddonfield, commenced busi- 
 ness where now stands the dwelling of the 
 late Samuel C. Smith. In addition to drugs 
 he kept other merchandise, but the former 
 was a special department, where prescriptions 
 were compounded. This business and the 
 knowledge of the preparation of medicines 
 was transmitted to his son and grandson, 
 who continued the same occupation in the 
 same place until 1846. Charles S. Braddock, 
 a graduate of the Philadelphia College of 
 Pharmacy in the class of 1851, opened the 
 first store in Haddonfield for the exclusive 
 sale of drugs in the year 1853. This is still 
 
A HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND MEDICAL MEN. 
 
 259 
 
 continued by his son. R. Willard is the 
 proprietor of the other store in this town. 
 
 In Camden, Dr. Samuel Harris, in 1811, 
 sold some medicines from his office. Be- 
 tween the years 1812 and 1821, Freedom L. 
 Shinn kept a drug store at the northeast 
 corner of Second and Plum (Arch) Streets. 
 After that there was no place other than at 
 Dr. Harris' office where medicines could be 
 purchased until 1832, when Dr. Sickler 
 opened a drug store on Federal Street near 
 the ferry. According to charges on his 
 books, opium was worth fifty cents an ounce, 
 and seven and one-half ounces of essence of 
 peppermint eighty-seven and one-half cents. 
 He also sold paints and oils. Paint oil was 
 worth one dollar- and ten cents per gallon ; 
 putty seven cents a pound, and a light of 
 glass, ten by twelve, cost seven cents. This 
 store was discontinued in 1834. In the lat- 
 ter year Drs. Joseph Kain and David Smith 
 started a store of the same kind at the north- 
 east corner of Third and Plum (Arch) 
 Streets. Early in the year 1835, Dr. Smith 
 retired and moved away. Shortly afterwards, 
 in March of the same year, James Roberts, 
 of Philadelphia, purchased the store from 
 Dr. Smith, and six months subsequently sold 
 it to Joseph C Delacour, who still continues 
 the business, but he has removed his estab- 
 lishment to the southwest corner of the same 
 streets. The medical directory for 1885 
 enumerates thirty-six druggists in Camden. 
 
 About the year 1855, Thomas Hallam 
 added a drug department to his store in 
 Gloucester City, where he compounded phy- 
 siciansi' prescriptions. This was the com- 
 mencement of. the apothecary business in 
 that place, in which, at present, there are five 
 pharmacies. One was opened in Merehant- 
 ville in 1881 by C. H. Jennings, and another 
 in Blackwood by Dr. J. E. HurflF in 1884. 
 
 Camden City Medical Society.— The 
 Camden City Medical Society was organized 
 in the city of Camden, June 21, 1853, by 
 Drs. L. F. Fisler, I. S. Mulford, O. H.Tay- 
 
 lor, S. Birdsell, T. F. Cullen and J. V. 
 Schenck. At this meeting a committee of 
 three, consisting of Drs. O. H. Taylor, Bird- 
 sell and Fisler, was appointed to draught a 
 suitable constitution and by-laws. This 
 meeting then adjourned to the 16th instant, 
 when a constitution and by-laws were adopted 
 and an organization effected by the election 
 of Dr. Isaac S. Mulford, president ; Dr. L. F. 
 Fisler, vice-president; Dr. J. Y. Schenck, 
 secretary and treasurer ; and a standing com- 
 mittee composed of Drs. Cooper, Birdsell and 
 Cullen. The officers are elected yearly, at 
 the annual meeting in September. 
 
 The society is in effect, although not in 
 fact, a subdivision of the County Society, 
 composed of those members of the latter who 
 practice medicine in the city of Camden. In 
 the list of its members from the organization 
 to the present time there are but seven who 
 were not members of the other society. Their 
 names are, — 
 
 bate of Else. "^^'Hl''^''^ Kemarks. 
 
 Lorenzo F. Fisler 'June 10, 1853 
 
 Jesse S. Z. Sellers Sept. 7, 1P64 
 
 Beynell Goates Dec. 6, 1867 
 
 D. N.Mahone (honoi'ary). Sept. 3, 1868 
 
 Charles F. Clarke iJune 8,1869 
 
 William G. Tavlor IMar. 4, 1875 
 
 Charles A. Baker Mar. 2, 1870 
 
 Univ. 
 
 Univ. 
 
 Univ. 
 
 Univ. 
 
 Univ 
 
 Jeff. 
 
 Jeff. 
 
 of Penna. 
 
 of Penna. 
 
 of Penna. 
 
 of Penna. 
 
 of Penna. 
 Med. Col. 
 Med. Ool. 
 
 Died 1871 
 Died 
 
 Died 1886 
 Bes'd 1868 
 Died 1875 
 Died 1877 
 Removed 
 
 It meets quarterly, in the evening, gener- 
 ally at the house of one its member.s, but 
 since the establishment of the Dispensary it 
 occasionally meets there. Its meetings have 
 never been discontinued, but sometimes have 
 lapsed for want of a quorum. It has a super- 
 vision over all medical matters that belong 
 exclusively to Camden City, and which are 
 not of special interest to the townships out- 
 side of it. Reports made to it of the health 
 of the city, of epidemics, of medical an& other 
 cases of special importance, are brought to the 
 attention of the standing committee of the 
 County Medical Society. Therefore, the 
 transactions of the City Society, as far as re- 
 lates to disease and its treatment, have already 
 been given in the history of the former society. 
 
260 
 
 HISTOKY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEK8EY. 
 
 Formerly a subject of frequent discussion 
 in their meetings was the fee-bill or the rates 
 to be charged for professional visits and cases 
 of surgical injuries, it being desirable that a 
 uniform price should be fixed upon by all its 
 members for similar attendance upon the 
 sick. 
 
 The City Medical Society has always taken 
 an active interest in all public measures that 
 concerned the health or bodily welfare of the 
 citizens of Camden. In 1857, at the request 
 of the Philadelphia Board of Health, it ap- 
 pointed delegates to meet in that city with 
 those of similar societies on May 13th. for 
 conference in relation to the establishment of 
 a uniform system of quarantine laws. In 
 the succeeding year another delegation was 
 elected to attend a like convention in Balti- 
 more. 
 
 At the meeting held July 3, 1858, a com- 
 mittee composed of Drs. Mulford, O. H. 
 Taylor and Cullen was appointed to investi- 
 gate and report upon the filthy condition of 
 the hydrant water. The paper which they 
 prepared condemned the management of the 
 water -works. It was read at the next meet- 
 ing of the society, and a' synopsis of it was 
 sent to the Public Ledger and to the directors 
 of the company who then controlled the 
 water supply of Camden. 
 
 In 1859 a resolution was introduced into 
 the society looking to the establishment of a 
 Dispensary in Camden. This will be more 
 fully described in the history of that institu- 
 tion. In 1865 a committee was appointed to 
 recommend measures for the prevention of 
 an invasion of the city by cholera, an account 
 of whose work is given in the sketch of 
 cholera in Camden. This committee, in ad- 
 dition to the duty assigned to it, was, at a 
 meeting held August 9, 1866, requested to 
 make inquiry as to the mode of registering 
 deaths in Philadelphia, which having been 
 done, the plan was recommended to City 
 Council, with the request that they pass a 
 similar ordinance. 
 
 At the meeting held March 4, 1876, the 
 family of the late Dr. Richard M. Cooper 
 presented his library of medical works to the 
 Camden City Medical Society. A committee 
 was appointed to prepare an appropriate place 
 for it, and to arrange a catalogue of it. The 
 Dispensary was selected as a suitable building 
 in which to deposit it. 
 
 There never had been any coroner's physi- 
 cian for Camden County. In case of sudden 
 death, where the coroner desired an investiga- 
 tion of its cause by a physician, he could call 
 upou any one convenient to the inquest. The 
 doctor's services were paid for in each indi- 
 vidual case. There having arisen some dis- 
 pute between the officials and the members of 
 the Camden County Medical Society as to 
 the value of the services rendered, a fee-bill 
 was drawn up by the society and laid before 
 the proper authorities. At the meeting held 
 December 2, 1869, Dr. Thomas F. Cullen 
 moved, " That members of the Camden City 
 Society refuse to make or assist at any post- 
 mortem examination as directed by the cor- 
 oner or coroners of Camden County, or by any 
 court or courts of said county, until the fee- 
 bill as already presented to the Board of 
 Chosen Freeholders, as agreed upon by this 
 society, shall be accepted and agreed upon by 
 them, and the Board of Chosen Freeholders 
 be notified by the secretary of this society of 
 the same." This resolution was adopted and 
 copies were ordered to be sent to the Board 
 of Freeholders and to the managers of the 
 Dispensary. 
 
 By this time it became apparent that the 
 growth of population, with its increasing 
 wants, demanded a physician clothed with the 
 proper authority, and sufficiently remunerated 
 to take charge of the physical interests of the 
 public departments. The society having 
 this object in view, at its meeting in March, 
 1874, adopted a motion, made by Dr. James 
 M. Ridge, that a committee should be ap- 
 pointed to " confer with the relief committee 
 of City Council upon the appointment of a 
 
A HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND MEDICAL MEN. 
 
 261 
 
 city physician." The result of these repeated 
 efforts of the profession to arouse the atten- 
 tion of the officials to the ueecls of the com- 
 munity was the appointment of a county 
 physician. 
 
 The Legislature of New Jersey, by an act 
 approved April 21, 1876, created the office 
 of county physician. The laws thus enacted 
 and in force give the couuty physician pre- 
 cedence and authority in all coroner's cases 
 until he has given orders for a view or in- 
 quest to a coroner or justice of the peace. 
 He is obliged to assume the responsibility of 
 all coroner's work. Besides this, he furnishes 
 medical attendance and gives medicines to 
 the inmates of the county jail. His salary 
 is eight hundred dollars per annun^wi lieu 
 of all fees. 
 
 Dr. Randall W. Morgan was county 
 physician from 1876 to 1881 ; Dr. Wm. H. 
 Ireland, from 1881 to 1884; and Dr. Gross, 
 the present incumbent, since the latter date. 
 
 Pensioist Boari). — In June, 1884, a 
 United States Pension Board of Examining 
 Surgeons was established in Camden. It is 
 one of three assigned to New Jersey, the 
 other two being respectively at Newark and 
 Trenton. It was composed as follows, viz.: 
 Dr. H. Genet Taylor, president; Dr. James 
 A. Armstrong, treasurer ; Dr. Onan B. 
 Gross, secretary. Upon the change of ad- 
 ministration of the government, the board 
 was reorganized in July, 1885, by the ap- 
 pointment of Dr. James M. Ridge, president ; 
 Dr. John W. Donges, treasurer; and Dr. 
 Onan B. Gross, secretary. The board meets 
 every Wednesday at the Dispensary for the 
 purpose of examining applications for pen- 
 sions. 
 
 Camden City Dispensary. — The first 
 movement towards establishing a Dispensary 
 in Camden was made in 1859. Dr. O. H. 
 Taylor, when a young graduate in medicine, 
 had been a visiting physician for the Phila- 
 delphia Dispensary, and was impressed with 
 the usefulness and the beneficent charity of 
 
 such an institution in a young city. At the 
 meeting of the Camden City Medical Society 
 held March 3d, in that year, he brought to 
 its attention the propriety of petitioning City 
 Council for the establishment of a Dispensary. 
 This was discussed and laid over until the 
 next meeting, on June 2d, when a committee 
 of three, composed of Drs. O. H. Taylor, R. 
 M. Cooper and L. F. Fisler, was appointed 
 " to frame a memorial to the City Council of 
 Camden, in order to co-operate with the City 
 Medical Society in the establishment of a City 
 Dispensary." At the December meeting the 
 committee read a report, and after considera- 
 ble debate in regard to the encouragement 
 likely to be extended by those appealed to for 
 aid, the subject was indefinitely postponed. 
 
 After the call of President Lincoln for 
 three hundred thousand men was made, De- 
 cember 19, 1864, it became evident that 
 another conscription for troops would be en- 
 forced in Camden. A number of men formed an 
 association called " The North Ward Bounty 
 Association," to insure such of its members 
 as might be drafted against enforced mili- 
 tary duty, by paying a bounty to volunteers 
 to fill the places of those whose names might 
 be drawn from the wheel. The drawing 
 had been made in Camden, and part of its 
 quota had been filled, when the surrender of 
 Lee at Appomattox closed the war and 
 stopped recruiting. During this month the 
 members of the North Ward Bounty Associ- 
 ation held a meeting and passed a resolution 
 appropriating the sum left in the hands of 
 Thomas McKean, treasurer, amounting to 
 $3966.96, to charitable purposes. After 
 consultation with Dr. Taylor and other 
 members of the City Medical Society, Mr. 
 McKean determined, with the committee 
 of the association, to appropriate it toward 
 the founding of a Dispensary. He and 
 Samuel B. Garrison were selected as a com- 
 mittee to make inquiries as to the manner 
 and practicability of establishing the same. On 
 May 4, 1865, a special meeting of the Med- 
 
262 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 ical Society was convened for the purpose of 
 taking " action in reference to a resolution 
 passed at tiie last meeting of the North Ward 
 Bounty Association, devoting funds on hand 
 to the establishment of a Dispensary in the 
 City of Camden." A committee was then 
 appointed to confer with the above-named 
 gentlemen, consisting of Drs, O. H. Taylor, 
 Fisler, Cooper, Schenck and Cullen. 
 
 Subsequently a minority of the members of 
 the Bounty Fund Association became dissat- 
 isfied with the disposition that had been 
 made of the funds, and they held a meeting 
 on May 24, 1865, and passed a resolution, ad- 
 dressed to Messrs. McKean and Garrison, to 
 distribute the money among the "contributors 
 and drafted men." This action caused some 
 litigation, which was decided by the court in 
 favor of the Dispensary. At a meeting of 
 the society held in December of the same year 
 the committee on Dispensary reported that 
 negotiations were in progress for the purchase 
 of the Perseverance Hose-House, and that a 
 gentleman had purchased twelve cots, which 
 he designed presenting to the institution. At 
 the next meeting, in March, 1866, it was 
 reported that the hose-house on Third Street, 
 below Market, had been purchased, and that 
 a room was being fitted up for the meetings 
 of the society, and that A. Browning, Esq., 
 had offered his services gratuitously for pro- 
 curing a charter for a corporate body. The 
 committee were instructed to organize the 
 Dispensary in conjunction with such citizens 
 as may be appointed to act with them, and 
 the plan of organization drawn up by the 
 society in 1859 was reported and accepted. 
 Subscription books were ordered to be pre- 
 pared for each member, for druggists and 
 other citizens. On March 17th the keys of the 
 Dispensary were handed to the society, with 
 the request that it should carry on the insti- 
 tution until a charter could be obtained from 
 the next Legislature authorizing a board of 
 managers. On March 21st the following 
 visiting physicians were appointed : North 
 
 Ward, Dr. H. Genet Taylor ; Middle Ward, 
 Dr. John R.Stevenson ; and South Ward,Dr, 
 A. Marcy. O. G. Taylor was elected druggist 
 and superintendent. The consulting physi- 
 cians, who were appointed at the next stated 
 meeting in June, were Drs. R. M. Cooper, L. 
 F. Fisler and Thomas F. Cullen. 
 
 The Dispensary was opened immediately 
 and managed by the medical committee until 
 the procurement of the charter, approved 
 February 5, 1867, in which Drs. Isaac S. 
 Mulford, O'. H. Taylor, Richard M. Cooper, 
 Lorenzo F. Fisler, Thomas F. Cullen, John 
 V. Schenck, William S. Bishop, Bowman 
 Hendry, James M. Ridge, H. Genet Taylor 
 and John R. Stevenson were named as cor- 
 poratars. Under this charter an organization 
 was effected March 7, 1867, by the election 
 of Dr. Isaac S. Mulford, president ; Dr. L. F. 
 Fisler, vice-president; Dr. J. R. Stevenson, 
 secretary ; and Dr. R. M. Cooper, treasurer. 
 On the 12th of December of the same year 
 the Perseverance Hose-House was conveyed 
 to the corporation, the consideration being 
 two thousand dollars. The first annual meet- 
 ing of the corporators and contributors, as pro- 
 vided by the constitution and by-laws which 
 had been adopted the 1 8th of April of the year 
 previous, was held January 14, 1868, at which 
 it was reported that the net amount received 
 from the draft fund had been $3776.94, of 
 which $2128.03 had been expended, leaving 
 a balance on hand of $1648.91. Since the 
 opening of the institution the cash contri- 
 butions were one thousand one hundred and 
 twenty-seven dollars, besides donations of 
 various articles to the value of sixty dol- 
 lars. Of this there was a balance of §3.33 
 on hand. The total number of patients pre- 
 scribed for had been six hundred and eighty- 
 two, and the total number of prescriptions 
 compounded, two thousand and twenty-three. 
 On the 21st of January the reorganization of 
 the Dispensary under the new charter took 
 place, at which Drs. Thomas F. Cullen was 
 elected president ; John V. Schenck, vice- 
 
A HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND MEDICAL MEN. 
 
 263 
 
 president ; E,. M. Cooper, secretary and treas- 
 urer. Dr. Cullen served as president until 
 1870, when Thomas A. Wilson was elected. 
 He was succeeded in 1874 by John Morgan, 
 who continued in office until his death, in 
 
 1881. The next president was Thomas Mc- 
 Keen, who died in 1884, when Dr. Alexan- 
 der Marcy, the present incumbent, was elected 
 to fill the vacancy. Dr. John V. Schenck 
 continued to be vice-president until his death, 
 in 1883, when Dr. Alexander Marcy became 
 vice-president, who, upon his election to be 
 president in 1 884, was succeeded by the pres- 
 ent official, Maurice Browning. Upon the 
 resignation and removal from the city of the 
 secretary, Dr. John R. Stevenson, in 1867, 
 Dr. E. M. Cooper was appointed to the va- 
 cancy, holding the combined office of secre- 
 tary and treasurer until his death, in 1874, 
 when Dr. H. Genet Taylor was elected secre- 
 tary, a position he still holds, and Joseph B. 
 Cooper became treasurer, but resigned in 
 
 1882. The present treasurer, R. H. Reeve, 
 succeeded him. O. G. Taylor, the druggist 
 and superintendent, elected March 21, 1865, 
 served continuously for nearly twenty years, 
 during which time he never made a mistake. 
 His health failing, so that he was unable to 
 perform his duties, he resigned January 10, 
 1886, and died shortly afterwards in the same 
 year. Dr. H. F. Palm; now fills the post. 
 
 In the year 1868 City Council appropri- 
 ated three hundred dollars a year to the Dis- 
 pensary, in consideration of the services it 
 rendered to the poor of the city. This ap- 
 propriation continued until the year 1879, 
 when an ordinance was passed authorizing 
 its sanitary committee to divide the city into 
 three districts and make a contract with the 
 board of managers of the Dispensary to fur- 
 nish medical attendance and medicines to the 
 poor of the city for the sum of sixteen hun- 
 dred dollars per annum. This agreement 
 was ratified on June 1st of that year, and 
 the following physicians were elected by the 
 board of managers, viz.: For the First District, 
 
 Dr. O. B. Gross; Second District, Dr. C. M, 
 Schellinger ; Third District, Dr. M. West— 
 with a salary of two hundred dollars a year 
 for each. Prior to this time all the physi- 
 cians who had attended to the Dispensary had 
 given their services gratuitously. The younger 
 members of the society had each, in their 
 turn, filled these positions, serving until a 
 new member — usually a young graduate in 
 medicine — would relieve them from this duty. 
 These physicians had been elected by the City 
 Medical Society and were accountable to it, 
 but when the officers became salaried, then 
 their selection was transferred to the board of 
 managers of the Dispensary. This contract 
 with the city was renewed annually at the 
 same price, until 1885, when the latter opened 
 it to the lowest bidder. The board offered to 
 renew it at sixteen hundred dollars, which 
 was not accepted ; consequently the election 
 of the district physicians was abandoned, and 
 the Medical Society again resumed its free 
 attendance. 
 
 When the Dispensary building was fitted 
 up, the first floor was divided into two rooms, 
 the front one being used as a pharmacy and 
 the rear one as an office in which to examine 
 patients. Meetings were also held here. 
 During the winter of 1866 and 1867 a 
 course of gratuitous medical lectures was de- 
 livered here to the students of Rev. T. M. 
 Reilly's Theological School. Dr. John R. 
 Stevenson lectured on materia medica and 
 practice of medicine, and Dr. H._ Genet Tay- 
 lor on anatomy and surgery to these young 
 men, who were preparing themselves for mis- 
 sionary work in the Territories. In the year 
 1884 an additional room was built in the 
 rear, to be used for holding consultations. 
 At first the second floor was filled with hos- 
 pital cots for the reception, of persons who 
 might receive accidental injuries ; but as suffi- 
 cient means could not be raised to provide 
 nurses and open a culinary department, the 
 project was abandoned, and the beds were 
 sold in 1869. In 1868 this room was rented 
 
26J: 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 to Dr. Reynell Coates for five dollars a 
 month, who lived in it until 1877. The 
 Microscopical Society occupied it after 1878. 
 The " Board of Pension Examining Sur- 
 geons" rented it in 1885. When unoccupied 
 it is used for holding special meetings of 
 both the City and County Medical Societies. 
 Miss Elizabeth Cooper, who died in 1884, 
 left a bequest to the Dispensary of one thou- 
 sand dollars. 
 
 of establishing a hospital in West Jersey 
 had been for some time contemplated by 
 the brothers William D. and Dr. Richard 
 M. Cooper, descendants of William Cooper, 
 the first settler at Coopers Point, but dur- 
 ing their lifetime they had taken no active 
 steps in that direction. William D. Cooper, 
 shortly before his death, which occurred in 
 1875, expressed a wish that fifty thousand 
 dollars should be set apart from his estate 
 
 COOPER HOSPITAL. 
 
 During the year 1886 the attending physi- 
 cian had treated one thousand one hundred 
 and forty-seven medical and surgical cases, 
 and four thousand two hundred and ninety- 
 five prescriptions had been compounded. 
 The cost of this was $1335.34, which left a 
 balance of $242.80 out of receipts amounting 
 to $1578.14. 
 
 The Cooper Hospital. — The project 
 
 and used for hospital purposes. The devisees 
 of his estate, who were his sisters Sarah W. 
 and Elizabeth B. Cooper, in accordance with 
 their brother's wish, took the matter into 
 consideration, and deeming fifty thousand 
 dollars insufficient for the erection and main- 
 tenance of such an institution, generously 
 decided to contribute two hundred thousand 
 dollars for that purpose. In addition to this, 
 
A HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND MEDICAL MEN. 
 
 265 
 
 they also, with their brother, Alexander Coo- 
 per, conveyed the plot of ground on which 
 the hospital now stands. The ground extends 
 north and south from Mickle to Benson 
 Streets and east and west from Sixth to 
 Seventh Streets, and is valued at about fifty 
 thousand dollars, making the total amount 
 two hundred and fifty thousand dollars. In 
 accordance with the desire of the donors 
 a charter was obtained and the act of in- 
 corporation provided that the corporators 
 should constitute the board of managers, and 
 that they should have exclusive control of 
 the funds as set forth in the act, and in ac- 
 cordance therewith, the two hundred thousand 
 dollars was placed in their hands. 
 
 The act provided for the construction of 
 suitable buildings for hospital purposes on 
 the grounds above mentioned, and also con- 
 tains the following : " The object of said cor- 
 poration shall be to afford gratuitous medical 
 and surgical aid, advice, remedies and care to 
 such invalid or needy persons as under the 
 rules and by-laws of said corporation shall be 
 entitled to the same." The board of mana- 
 gers commenced work on the erection of the 
 hospital building in the latter part of 1875, 
 but during the progress of the work many 
 improvements not at first contemplated were 
 made, so that when the structure was com- 
 pleted, in 1877, the entire cost including 
 laying out of the grounds had amounted to 
 ninety-five thousand dollars, a much larger 
 sum than was at first estimated would be 
 required. This left a balance of one hun- 
 dred and five thousand dollars for the pur- 
 pose of an endowment fund, which was 
 invested in New Jersey mortgages bearing 
 seven per cent, interest. In 1878 the legal 
 rate of interest was reduced to six per cent., 
 which materially lessened the income to be 
 used in defraying the operating expenses 
 of the hospital, and the board of mana- 
 gers, after taking into consideration the in- 
 come thus unexpectedly reduced, concluded 
 that the amount was not sufficient to main- 
 
 tain the hospital as at first projected, and 
 deemed it advisable to add the yearly income 
 to the endowment fund until a sufficient sum 
 was invested to guarantee the income neces- 
 sary to support the institution. The man- 
 agers believed that the delay in the opening 
 thus caused would result to the benefit of the 
 public in the larger accommodations which 
 the increased fund would permanently secure. 
 The sum now invested (1886) the board of 
 managers consider sufficient to warrant the 
 opening of the institution. 
 
 The building is constructed of Leiperville 
 gray stone, with hollow walls lined with 
 brick, three stories high. The entire depth 
 is two hundred and twenty-four feet by an 
 average width of forty-six feet. The front, 
 or administration building, is fifty-six feet 
 by forty-six feet, and contains rooms for 
 offices, managers, physicians, matrons, apoth- 
 ecary and operating rooms, stores, etc., and 
 is connected with the hospital by a corridor 
 twenty feet by fourteen, on each side of 
 which tare linen rooms for the use of the 
 hospital. 
 
 There is a male and female ward, each 
 thirty-one by seventy-seven feet, connecting 
 with sitting-rooms thirty by thirty-one feet. 
 Adjoining and connected with these wards, 
 are four small wards, each twelve by twenty- 
 two feet ; there are also four wards in the 
 administration building, each sixteen by 
 eighteen feet; the cubic air space is about 
 two thousand four hundred feet, and the 
 floor space about one hundred and seventy 
 feet to each patient. The basement of the 
 hospital building contains the dining-rooms 
 and apartments for servants. Particular at- 
 tention has been paid to the sanitary arrange- 
 ments of the hospital. It is heated through- 
 out with steam, besides having open fire- 
 places in most of the wards and rooms; 
 the ventilation is effected by means of steam 
 coils placed in two large aspirating shafts, 
 connected with which are flues opening into 
 the wards ; fresh air is supplied from aper- 
 
266 
 
 HISTOEY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 tures in the ceilings leading outside. The 
 boiler and laundry rooms are located in a 
 separate building connected with the main 
 building by an under-ground passage. The 
 hospital will be opened at first with about 
 fifteen beds. Under the rules contemplated 
 the medical staff will consist of consulting, 
 visiting and resident physicians and surgeons. 
 The board of managers are, — President, Alex- 
 ander Cooper; Secretary and Treasurer, John 
 W. Wright ; Peter L. Voorhees, Rodolphus 
 Bingham, Joseph B. Cooper, Augustus Reeve, 
 ^^'illiam B. Cooper and Richard H. Reeve.^ 
 
 BIOGRAPHIES OF PHYSICIANS 
 
 Who practiced Medicine in Camden County since the or- 
 
 gimization of the Camden County Medical Society 
 
 in 1846, who are deceased or have removed : 
 
 Isaac Skillmakt Mulfoed was the son 
 of Henry and Sarah Mul ford, and was born 
 at Alloway's Creek, Salem County, N. J., on 
 December 31, 1799. Selecting the profes- 
 sion of medicine, he entered the office of Dr. 
 Joseph Parrish, of Philadelphia, as a student 
 in 1819, and in the same year he attended 
 medical lectures at the University of Penn- 
 sylvania, from which institution he grad- 
 uated in 1822. He served for one year as 
 resident physician in the Pennsylvania Hos- 
 pital and in 1823 began the practice of med- 
 icine in Camden, then a mere village, popu- 
 larly known as the " Ferry," in which, at 
 that date. Dr. Samuel Harris was the only 
 physician. His practice grew as Camden in- 
 creased in population until he became a lead- 
 ing physician, a position he retained for the 
 whole of his career of fifty years of profes- 
 sional labor. He was noted for his skill in 
 the diagnosis of disease, a faculty that seemed 
 to be intuitive with him. 
 
 Dr. Mulford was a pioneer in the organi- 
 zation of Camden County and City Medical 
 Societies and City Dispensary, and he served 
 as president of all of them. His keen insight 
 into the needs of the people and his accurate 
 
 1 Transactions New Jersey State Medical Society 
 1885. 
 
 judgment and precision in all technical de- 
 tails were valuable aids in laying the firm 
 foundations upon which those superstructures 
 were erected.. He attained an enviable pre- 
 eminence in the community for the honesty, 
 the firmness and the correctness of his convic- 
 tions, both in professional and secular affairs. 
 Although never an office-seeker, such was 
 the confidence of his fellow-citizens in his 
 patriotism and public spirit that, when meet- 
 ings were held upon any important civic oc- 
 casions, such as the firing upon Fort Sumter 
 at the commencement of the Rebellion, he 
 would be called upon to preside over 
 and to address them. His speeches were 
 delivered with a logical force that was 
 convincing, and with a rhetoric that rose 
 at times into eloquence. He was greatly 
 interested in the establishment of the pub- 
 lic-school system in New Jersey and his ser- 
 vices in its behalf were rewarded by the Ex- 
 ecutive of the State by an appointment after 
 its adoption as a member of the State School 
 JBoard of Education. He was frequently 
 elected a member of the School Board in 
 Camden. He was also one of the visitors of 
 the State. Insane Asylum. He was an occa- 
 sional lecturer upon medical and scientific 
 subjects and was also the author of a number 
 of papers upon them published in the medi- 
 cal journals. In the year 1848 he issued 
 from the press the " Civil and Political His- 
 tory of New Jersey," a M'ork which has be- 
 come a standard book of reference. 
 
 Dr. Mulford married, in 1830, Rachel, 
 daughter of Isaac and Sarah Mickle, of 
 Gloucester (now Camden) County. Shortly 
 afterwards he joined the Society of Friends 
 and became a prominent member of the New- 
 town Meeting, of which he was an elder un- 
 til his decease. His residence was upon the 
 south side of Federal Street, between Second 
 and Third, in the building now occupied by 
 the Camden Safe Deposit and Trust Com- 
 pany. He died February 10, 1873, and is 
 buried in Newtown Cemetery. He left three 
 
A HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND MEDICAL MEN. 
 
 267 
 
 daughters still surviviug^-Emma, \vlio mar- 
 ried Henry Palmer; Mary, the wife of Colonel 
 James M. Scovel; and Anna, wife of Dr. 
 Eichard C. Dean, United States Navy. 
 
 Benjamin Whitall Blackwood was a 
 descendant of John Blackwood, the founder 
 of the town of Blackwood, in this county. 
 His father, John Blackwood, who at one time 
 was associate judge of the Gloucester Coun- 
 ty Court, married Ann Mickle. Dr. Black- 
 wood was born January 16, 1800, on a farm 
 on the north side of Newtown Creek, about 
 a mile from its mouth. He studied medicine 
 under Dr. Samuel Howell, of Woodbury, af- 
 terwards of Princeton, N. J., and graduated 
 from the University of Pennsylvania March 
 27, 1828. He began the practice of medi- 
 cine in Haddonfield in that year, but did not 
 procure his license from the New Jersey 
 State Medical Society until June 12, 1830. 
 He left Haddonfield, and for a short time 
 practiced in Philadelphia, but soon returned 
 to his former residence. He joined the Cam- 
 den County Medical Society in 1847, but re- 
 signed June 18, 1853, in consequence of his 
 affiliation with homoeopathy, which was con- 
 trary to the code of ethics of the society. 
 He married Mary Ann Hopkins, of Had- 
 donfield, November 24, 1824, and died Jan- 
 uary 19, 1866. His widow survived him 
 six years. He had six children, three of 
 whom are living ; two daughters still live 
 in his residence, which he built about 1846. 
 Dr. Blackwood was a member of the Society 
 of Friends and a man of exemplary life. 
 
 Jacob P. Thornton was a native of 
 Bucks County, in Pennsylvania, and his early 
 life was spent on the farm of his parents. In 
 1828 he graduated in the Medical Depart- 
 ment of the University of Pennsylvania and 
 located in Haddonfield, N. J., in the same 
 year. He obtained considerable practice and 
 remained there until 1849. He was one of 
 the corporators of the Medical Society of 
 Camden County in 1846 and acted as the 
 first treasurer for two years. 
 
 At the meeting of the society January 16, 
 1849, he resigned his membership "on ac- 
 count of the expense attending the meetings." 
 He soon after removed to the State of 
 Ohio, where he is still living. His practice 
 here covered a large extent of territory and 
 in many instances with indiiFerent pay. His 
 attendance on his patients was faithful and 
 conscientious, always discharging that duty 
 to the best of his ability. 
 
 He was cotemporary with Dr. Charles D. 
 Hendry and their professional intercourse was 
 always pleasant, his senior extending to him 
 the assistance and advice arising therefrom. 
 Charles D. Hendry^ was the descend- 
 ant of physicians on both the maternal and 
 paternal line, and if particular characteristics 
 be transmitted from father to son, then he 
 had the advantage of two generations on 
 either side to strengthen and qualify him for 
 the healing art. 
 
 He was the sou of Dr. Bowman Hendry, 
 of Haddonfield, who was a son of Dr. 
 Thomas Hendry, of Woodbury, both prac- 
 ticing and successful physicians. His mother 
 was Elizabeth Duffield, a daughter of Dr. 
 
 Charles Duffield, who was a son of Dr. 
 
 Duffield, both of Philadelphia, whose lives 
 were spent in the practice of medicine. 
 
 He was born in Haddonfield May 8, 1809, 
 where his parents then resided and where 
 his father was in active practice. From his 
 earliest recollection he was familiar with his 
 father's laboratory and, no doubt, often kept 
 his father busy answering questions relating 
 to the use and application of medicines. The 
 skeletons there standing had no terror for 
 him as a boy, but he then saw the anatomy 
 of the human system, of so much use to him 
 in after-years. The diagnosis of difficult 
 cases he often heard discussed when studying 
 his lessons for school, and in his youth there 
 was instilled into his mind things that he 
 found advantageous in his profession. 
 
 iBy Hon. John Clement. 
 
268 
 
 HISTOKY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEKSEY. 
 
 To show that his father intended he should 
 follow him, at the age of sixteen he was 
 placed in a drug store in Philadelphia, and 
 graduated in pharmacy in 1830. He then 
 took his place in the classes of the Univer- 
 sity of Pennsylvania and won his diploma in 
 1832. 
 
 He had scarcely attained his majority be- 
 fore his father required him to ride and see 
 his patients, and kept him under his personal 
 supervision for several years. As the prac- 
 tice of medicine was at that time undergoing 
 many changes, the father differed widely 
 from the notions of the son in adopting the 
 new ideas. Many amusing anecdotes were 
 related by Dr. Charles of the the persistency 
 of Dr. Bowman for the old practice. 
 
 On several occasions when Charles was 
 sent to see patients, and had packed his rem- 
 edies in his pocket, his father would put his 
 man on a horse with the traditional medicine- 
 chest to follow him, supposing he had for- 
 gotten the ever needful attendants of a prac- 
 titioner of the " old school." The old gentle- 
 man would often insist on certain rules being 
 followed as only conducive to success, and 
 assure his son that he would lose his cases 
 and position if he departed from them. With 
 all due respect for his experience, old theories 
 gradually passed away, and at his death 
 (April 23, 1838) Charles had succeeded to 
 the practice with advanced and popular ideas. 
 Following the religious views of his fam- 
 ily, he did much toward the building of an 
 Episcopal Church in Haddonfield, and was 
 elected one of the vestrymen April 20, 1843, 
 and so remained until his death. 
 
 Believing that much advantage would be 
 derived from more frequent intercourse among 
 physicians in the county, and after consider- 
 able effort on his part, the Camden County 
 Medical Society was organized August 14, 
 1846. This was mutually beneficial, and 
 soon became very popular in the profession. 
 In 1849 he was selected to represent . the 
 society in the American Medical Association, 
 
 which sat at Boston, Mass., showing that his 
 standing as a practitioner was appreciated 
 among his constituents. He acted as presi- 
 dent of the county society in 1852 and 1853, 
 but in 1865 he removed to Philadelphia, 
 and in that year (June 20th) resigned his 
 membership. He practiced medicine in his 
 native town and neighborhood for about 
 thirty-three years, associated with others who 
 settled there as the increase of population 
 warranted it. In the early part of his ser- 
 vice the work was exposing and laborious, 
 presenting to him diseases in every j^hase 
 and under every condition, Being of an 
 affable and pleasant address, and generally 
 reaching a correct diagnosis of the case 
 before him, he soon became popular, and 
 secured the confidence of the community. 
 His care of and attention to his patients was 
 proverbial, and he seldom allowed stormy 
 weather, bad roads or dark nights to break 
 in upon this rule. His operations in surgery 
 were limited, and in difficult cases he always 
 obtained the assistance of experts. 
 
 He gave considerable attention to climatic 
 changes and miasmatic influences as control- 
 ling the health of the neighborhood, and 
 drawing the attention of his associates to 
 these important, but then little understood, 
 subjects. 
 
 Being the victim of hereditary gout, aggra- 
 vated by his frequent exposure to storms and 
 eold, his health gradually declined, and in 
 1865 he abandoned his practice and removed 
 to Philadelphia. He afterwards returned to 
 Camden, and was often consulted by those 
 who regarded his experience and skill as 
 superior to all others. He died April 25, 
 1869, and lies buried in the cemetery at 
 Colestown, beside the remains of his ances- 
 tors. 
 
 John, Rowan Sicklee. — There were sev- 
 eral physicians who practiced within the 
 territory of Camden County who never 
 were members of its medical society. One 
 of the most prominent of these was Dr. 
 
A HISTOKY OF MEDICINE AND MEDICAL MEN. 
 
 269 
 
 John E,. Sickler. He was a native of the 
 county, having been born at Chews Land- 
 ing September 20, 1800. He was the son 
 of Christopher and Sarah Sickler. At the 
 age of eighteen he entered the office of Ben- 
 jamin B. Cooper to learn surveying and con- 
 veyancing, an occupation he followed for 
 several years. Having a natural fondness 
 for the profession of medicine, he, when 
 twenty-six years of age, entered the office of 
 Dr. McClellan, father of General Geo. B. 
 McClellan, as a student, and graduated at the 
 Jefferson Medical College March 18, 1829. 
 The next day, at his home in Chews Landing, 
 he paid his first professional visit to James 
 D. Dotterer. He continued in practice here 
 for four years, a place where, according to the 
 doctor's books, the people were remarkable for 
 being good pay. On the 25th of March, 1832, 
 he removed to Camden and opened a drug-store 
 on Federal Street, near the ferry, in which 
 he sold a general assortment of drugs, in- 
 cluding paints and oils. It was the only 
 store of the kind then in that city. Dr. 
 Sickler still retained part of his county prac- 
 tice. After living in Camden a little over 
 two years, and his health failing, he relin- 
 quished his drug business, and on April 14, 
 1834, returned to Chews Landing. On No- 
 vember 13th of the same year he moved 
 to Woodbury. Here he remained until 
 March 25, 1836, when he located at Car- 
 penters Landing (now Mantua) where he 
 spent the remainder of his days. He took an 
 active part in public affairs. In 1825 he was 
 a justice of the peace for Gloucester township, 
 audbetween 1828 and 1865 he was associate 
 judge of the Courts of Common Pleas of Glou- 
 cester County, which, up to 1844, included in 
 it Camden County. In the latter year he 
 was a member of the Constitutional Conven- 
 tion of the State. He was a member of the 
 Board of Chosen Freeholders of Gloucester 
 from 1859 to 1871. Several times he was a 
 school trustee. He was one of the building 
 committee that erected the Gloucester County 
 
 Almshouse, and was its first treasurer. Be- 
 sides attending to these official duties, he 
 joined in the State, county and district con- 
 ventions of the Democratic party, of which 
 he was a member. During all these years of 
 public life he pursued the practice of medi- 
 cine with skill and success. He took much 
 interest in the Gloucester County Medical 
 and State Medical Societies, being a member 
 of both, and at one time president of the 
 latter. In the year 1876, when seventy-six 
 years old, he retired from business. He 
 died April 11, 1886. 
 
 Myles and Martin Synott were broth- 
 ers. Their father was Irish and their mother 
 American. They were natives of Mays 
 Landing. The elder brother, Myles, was 
 born in 1806, and the younger, Martin, April 
 8, 1812. The former studied with Dr. Ja- 
 cob Fisler, who afterward married the Drs. 
 Synott's mother. He graduated at the Jef- 
 ferson Medical College in 1831 and com- 
 menced the practice of medicine in Chews 
 Landing in 1833. He remained here until 
 1841, when he removed to Glassboro', Glou- 
 cester County, where he died February 9, 
 1867. He was noted for his wit. He was 
 very strict concerning his instructions to his 
 patients, and once blistered a man's feet be- 
 cause he refused to stay in the house when 
 ordered to do so.^ He married Harriet 
 Whitney, of Glassboro', in 1843, and left 
 three children, still living. 
 
 Dr. Martin Synott studied medicine with 
 his brother and graduated at the Jefferson 
 Medical College in 1839. He also located 
 at Chews Landing, where he practiced until 
 1845, when he removed to Blackwood, where 
 he died April 8, 1877. He was a man of 
 tact and skill in his profession. He married 
 Rebecca Jaggard, February 12, 1844. Two 
 daughters survive him. 
 
 Joseph Anderson Stout, was the son of 
 Benjamin and Grace Stout, of Attleborough 
 
 iDr. Somers' " Medical History of Atlantic County." 
 
270 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEESEY. 
 
 (Langhorne), Bucks County, Pa., where he 
 was born in 1807. He studied medicine 
 under Dr. Boil, and graduated in New York 
 in 1831. Some time afterwards he located in 
 Long-a-Coming (now Berlin), Camden Coun- 
 ty, his practice extending to Winslow, Water- 
 ford and the surrounding country. In 1838 
 he removed to Tuckahoe, Cape May County. 
 From thence he went to Somers Point, At- 
 lantic County, succeeding Dr. Lewis S. 
 Somers, who had removed to Philadelphia. 
 While in Tuckahoe he married, in 1839, 
 Miss M. S. Godfrey, a sister of Hon. John 
 Godfrey, who, after the death of Dr. Stout, 
 married a Mr. Ogden. Dr. Stout died at 
 Somers Point April 11, 1848, and was 
 buried in Zion Churchyard, at Bargaintown. 
 He was a believer in the faith of universal 
 salvation. He left four sons, but one of 
 whom is living.^ 
 
 Lorenzo F. Fisler was born on a farm 
 in the upper end of Cumberland County, 
 near Fislerville, on the 20th of April, 1797. 
 He was the son of Dr. Benjamin and Catha- 
 rine Fisler. ' He studied medicine with his 
 father, who then practiced medicine in Port 
 Elizabeth, and as early as 1815 he assisted 
 the latter in his profession. Dr. Fisler at- 
 tended lectures at the University of Penn- 
 sylvania and graduated therefrom in 1819. 
 He had two brothers, physicians, — Samuel, 
 his twin brother, and Jacob who practiced in 
 Mays Landing, Atlantic County. Dr. Lo- 
 renzo F. Fisler began his professional career 
 with his brother Benjamin in the latter place, 
 where, being a good speaker, he occasionally 
 preached in the Methodist Church. He re- 
 mained here only a short time. He removed 
 to Woodstown, in Salem County, and in 1825 
 he passed his examination before the board 
 of censors of that county. In 1832 he re- 
 turned to Port Elizabeth, and in 1836 he lo- 
 cated in Camden, his office being on Second 
 Street below Market. In this city he soon 
 
 1 Dr. Somers' "Medical History of Atlantic County." 
 
 secured a good practice, at the same time 
 joining actively in public affairs. He was 
 mayor of the city seven times. Dr. Fisler 
 was a clear and logical writer, and was the 
 author of a pamphlet history of Camden, 
 published in 1858. As a public lecturer he 
 was noted for his pleasing address and hu- 
 morous satire, and he was frequently invited 
 to deliver addresses before associations of a 
 benevolent or charitable character. He never 
 joined either the State or County Medical So- 
 cieties, but he was one of the organizers and 
 a most efficient member of the Camden City 
 Medical Society. Dr. Fisler died in Cam- 
 den, March 31, 1871. He married Anna 
 Maria, daughter of Richard Somers and 
 Rachael Risley, of Woodstown, who, with 
 five children, are still living. 
 
 William Parham was one of the physi- 
 cians in Camden County who never joined 
 its medical society. He was born. in 1803, 
 in Jerusalem, Va. He studied medicine in 
 Lexington, Ky., and began its practice in 
 Alabama. From there he went to Central 
 America and was a surgeon in a battle in 
 Yucatan. After that he returned to the 
 United States, and remained for a time in 
 Philadelphia. He then selected Tom's River, 
 in Ocean County, N. J., as a field for 
 practice, but in 1836 he removed to Tansboro'j 
 in Camden County, from which place his 
 professional visits extended to the adjacent 
 towns of Waterford and Winslow. In a few 
 years Dr. Parham removed to Williamstown, 
 and thence in 1846 to Blackwood. He con- 
 tinued to practice medicine here until his 
 death, which occurred April 2, 1855. He 
 married, at Barnegat, Ocean County, Febru- 
 ary 28, 1833, Juliana, daughter of Dr. 
 Bugbee, who was a native of Vermont. They 
 had no children. 
 
 George Barrows was an Englishman 
 and received his medical education in his 
 native country. With a wife and one child 
 he landed penniless in New York in 1836. 
 Accidentally meeting in that city with Sooy 
 
-/^ 
 
A HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND MEDICAL MEN. 
 
 271 
 
 Thompson, of Pleasant Mills, Atlantic 
 County, N. J., he was induced by him to 
 settle in the latter place, where he boarded 
 with Mr. Thompson until he could procure 
 a home for himself. Here he diligently ap- 
 plied himself to the practice of his profession.^ 
 Between the years 1840 and 1844 he re- 
 mo ved to Tansboro', in Camden County. At a 
 meeting of the Camden County Medical Society 
 held December 21, 1847, a committee was ap- 
 pointed to investigate the credentials of Dr. 
 Barrows. They reported that there was on 
 file in the clerk's office a certified copy of a 
 diploma granted to him in 1836 by Dr. 
 Henry Vanderveer, president of the New 
 Jersey State Medical Society. It does not 
 appear that he ever applied for admission to 
 membership in the County Medical Society. 
 He removed to Philadelphia, where he died 
 in 1852. 
 
 RiCHAKD Matlack Coopee. — William 
 Cooper, of Coleshill, England, located land 
 at Burlington, N. J., in 1678. On June 
 12, 1682, he had surveyed to him the 
 land at Pyne, now Coopers Point, Cam- 
 den, to which he then removed. Daniel 
 Cooper, the youngest son of William, mar- 
 ried twice. By the first wife he had one 
 child, William, from whom is descended 
 the family which by inheritance and pur- 
 chase acquired a large part of what is now 
 the city of Camden, much of it still being 
 in their possession. 
 
 Of this family was Dr. Richard M. 
 Cooper, the son of Richard M. and Mary 
 Cooper, born in Camden August 30, 1816. 
 His father, who was a man of distinc- 
 tion, gave his son a liberal education. After 
 a course of study at a preparatory school 
 he entered the Department of Arts of the 
 University of Pennsylvania in 1832, and 
 graduated from it in 1836. He at once com- 
 menced the study of medicine with Professor 
 George B.Wood, of the Medical Department 
 
 1 Dr. Somera' Medical " History of Atlantic County. " 
 
 of the same University, and after attending 
 three courses of lectures there, received from 
 it his degree of M.D. in 1839. 
 
 At this date the lower part of Camden, 
 called South Camden, was being settled by 
 negroes and poor whites. Among these Dr. 
 Cooper began the practice of his profession, 
 gratuitously dispensing necessary medicines. 
 His colleagues in the profession were Drs. 
 Samuel Harris, Isaac S. Mulford and Loren- 
 zo F. Fisler, all men of ability aud exper- 
 ience, with whom he soon took an equal rank 
 as a skilful practitioner. 
 
 Dr. Cooper took an active interest in the 
 organization of the Camden County Medical 
 Society in 1846, being one of its corpora- 
 tors, its first secretary and subsequently its 
 treasurer. He was a member of its board of 
 censors from the time of their appointment, 
 in 1847, until 1851, and as such it was his 
 duty to examine into the qualifications of all 
 physicians desiring to practice medicine in 
 the district. 
 
 Professionally, Dr. Cooper appears to have 
 attained almost the station of the ideal phy- 
 sician, for he had a broad love for humanity 
 as well as an enthusiasm for the healing art. 
 " He was distinguished," says one who knew 
 him, " for that gentle and cheerful demeanor 
 in a sick-room which not only inspired faith 
 in his patient, but assuaged the pangs -of 
 many an aching heart. Such was the esteem 
 in which he was held, that many seemed to 
 believe that his presence in a sick-room 
 would relieve the sufferer. His skill and 
 constant studious research in his profession, 
 however, gave him a success which inspired 
 this confidence ;. and practicing, because he 
 loved to practice, gave him an experience 
 which increased his knowledge. ... A man 
 cast in such a mold would naturally find 
 pleasure in forwarding works of charity and 
 benevolence. It was so in this case." 
 
 One of Doctor Cooper's characteristics was 
 his modesty. He would not permit his name 
 to be proposed for president of the County 
 
272 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Medical Society until 1871, because he was 
 unwilling to stand in the way of the promo- 
 tion of its younger members. For the same 
 reason he accepted the appointment of dele- 
 gate to the American Medical Association 
 only when its meetings were held at a dis- 
 tance, because he could spare the time occu- 
 pied, and the expense incurred in its attend- 
 ance, better than his fellow-members. In 
 1871 he read before the Society a history of 
 it from its incorporation, the MSS. of which 
 are preserved in the archives. He was fre- 
 quently chairman of the standing committee, 
 and wrote the medical reports made to the 
 New Jersey State Medical Society, which 
 were marked by a comprehensive knowledge 
 of the diseases of his native county. He be- 
 came president of the latter society in 1856. 
 "Engrossed, as Dr. Cooper was, by the on- 
 erous duties of an exacting profession, which 
 were discharged with a fidelity, skill and self- 
 abnegation worthy of the man, he found 
 time, amid all these, to intimately acquaint 
 himself with what was passing in the busy 
 world around him. There seemed to be no 
 subject, national, state, county or municipal, 
 that escaped his notice, or that he did not ex- 
 ercise his impartial judgment in properly 
 considering and criticising. Those measures 
 which involved the vital concerns of the 
 coilntry, when torn asunder for the time 
 by fratricidal strife, awakened his deepest 
 thought, and when drawn out, he would 
 discuss them with that unconscious ability 
 characteristic of the man. He displayed 
 the same cogent reasoning and methods of 
 thought in reaching satisfactory conclusions 
 when giving expression to his views in regard 
 to the more intimate concerns of his State. 
 Laws aifecting its policy or the interests of 
 the people seldom escaped his observation, 
 or failed to provoke his favorable or ad- 
 verse criticism, and no one could listen 
 without being instructed as well as sur- 
 prised at the large fund of general infor- 
 mation always at hand to draw from in illus- 
 
 trating a point or in enforcing an argument. 
 But it was in home affairs that Dr. Cooper 
 showed his greatest interest and his thorough 
 acquaintance with everything connected with 
 the public welfare. He scrutinized with the 
 greatest care every action of the local author- 
 ities involving the city's welfare, never 
 withholding his approval where the step 
 to be taken was warranted by the city's 
 finances and demanded for the public good. 
 Dr. Cooper was never indifferent to his 
 responsibility as a citizen, and it was 
 this that led 'those who knew him best to 
 seek his advice and counsel when matters of 
 public interest required the mature delibera- 
 tion of one so prudent, unselfish and dis- 
 criminating." 
 
 Dr. Cooper was one of the originators of 
 the Camden City Medical Society, and was 
 a most efficient member. He was a corpor- 
 ator of the Camden City Dispensary, and its 
 treasurer from its incorporation until his 
 death. 
 
 The Cooper Hospital, described elsewhere, 
 was a project of his, in conjunction with his 
 brother, Wm. D. Cooper, which, although not 
 commenced in the lifetime of the projectors 
 was, after their decease, established and en- 
 dowed by their sisters Sarah W. and Eliza- 
 beth B. Cooper, who with their brother, 
 Alexander Cooper, also conveyed the land 
 upon which the buildings are located. 
 For many years Dr. Cooper was. a sufferer 
 from hereditary gout, from the consequences 
 of which, superadded to the labors of a very 
 extensive practice, he died May 24, 1874, 
 while, for a second time, president of his 
 favorite, the Camden County Medical Society, 
 to which he bequeathed, in his will, the sum 
 of three thousand dollars, the interest of 
 which was to be used in defraying its ex- 
 penses. He was a member of the Society of 
 Friends, whose faith had been the religion of 
 his ancestors. He was never married. 
 
 EzEKiEL Cooper Che-\v^ commenced the 
 study of medicine with Dr. Bowman Hendry, 
 
'^/^ 
 
A HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND MEDICAL MEN. 
 
 273 
 
 of Haddonfield, and completed his education 
 at the Jefferson Medical College in 1843. He 
 was the son of Nathaniel and Mary Chew, of 
 Greenwich (now Mantua) township, Glouces- 
 ter County, and was born January 17, 1822. 
 He first engaged in the practice of medicine 
 in Blackwood, and joined the Camden 
 County Medical Society in 1851. He had 
 been a member about two years, when he left 
 this county and removed to Iowa, and sub- 
 sequently settled in Indiana, where he was 
 still living three years ago. Dr. Chew was a 
 man of commanding appearance and had a 
 fine physique. He married Miss Caroline 
 Bishop Woolston, of Vincentown, Burlington 
 County, N. J., and had fourteen children, of 
 whom seven sons and three daughters are 
 living, and four sons are dead. 
 
 Othniel Hart Taylor was born in 
 Philadelphia May 4, 1803. His father was 
 William Taylor, Jr., who married Mary E. 
 Gazzam, both of Cambridge, England, 
 whence they removed to Philadelphia, in 
 which city Mr. Taylor was engaged in an ex- 
 tensive mercantile business for more than 
 forty years. 
 
 The early life of his son Othniel was occu- 
 pied mainly in attendance upon schools of 
 elementary instruction in Philadelphia and 
 Holmesburg, Pa., and in Baskenridge, N. J. 
 In 1818 he entered the Literary Department 
 of the University of Pennsylvania, and in 
 1820 he became a medical student in the of- 
 fice of that distinguished physician and sur- 
 geon, Thomas T. Hewson, M.D., at the same 
 time attending a course of medical instruction 
 in the University of Pennsylvania. He com- 
 pleted his studies there in 1826 and grad- 
 uated with the class of that year. After his 
 graduation, Dr. Taylor entered upon the 
 practice of medicine in the city of Philadel- 
 phia, where he was very soon appointed one 
 of the physicians to the City Dispensary, in 
 which capacity he served many years, and 
 about the same time he was elected out-door 
 physician to the Pennsylvania Hospital, a 
 
 position he held for eight years. During the 
 year 1832 the Asiatic cholera made its first 
 appearance in this continent, and Dr. Taylor 
 distinguished himself by volunteering to 
 serve in the city hospitals which were estab- 
 lished in the emergency by the municipal au- 
 thorities, while he was at the same time act- 
 ing as one of the Committee of Physicians 
 appointed by the City Councils as consulting 
 physicians to their sanitary board. 
 
 The hospital which was especially in his 
 charge was known as St. Augustine Hos- 
 pital, in Crown Street, and the number of 
 cholera patients reported by him as under 
 treatment in that hospital was five hundred 
 and twelve. He was also elected as one of 
 a commission of medical men who were sent 
 to Montreal, in Canada, to study the charac- 
 ter and treatment of cholera on its out- 
 break in that city, and before its appearance 
 in our cities ; but being unable to accompany 
 the commission, he declined in favor of Dr. 
 Charles D. Meigs, who, with Drs. Richard 
 Harlan and Samuel Jackson, made the visit 
 and report. Upon the closing of the hospi- 
 tals after the disappearance of the cholera, 
 Dr. Taylor, with seven other physicians who 
 had been in charge of cholera hospitals, re- 
 ceived, by vote of the City Council, a testi- 
 monial of their appreciation of the services 
 which they had rendered to the city, each of 
 them being presented with a service of silver 
 bearing inscription that it was given " as a 
 token of regard for intrepid and disinterested 
 services." 
 
 In consequence of impaired health. Dr. 
 Taylor, in 1838, relinquished the practice of 
 medicine in Philadelphia and removed to 
 Abington, Pa. ; thence he went, in 1841, to 
 Caldwell, Essex County, N. J., and in 1844 
 he located himself in Camden, continuing 
 actively in the practice of medicine there 
 during the remainder of his life.^ 
 
 Dr. Taylor was one of the three physicians 
 
 1 Transactions New Jersey State Medical Society, 
 1870. 
 
274 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 of Camden City whose names appear in the 
 list of corporators of the Camden County 
 Medical Society in 1846, and he was its first 
 vice-president, holding the office for four 
 years. In 1856 he became its president. 
 For twenty-three years he was one of its 
 most attentive, active and efficient members, 
 his learning and experience rendering his ser- 
 vices invaluable in committee work. He 
 was elected vice-president of the State Medi- 
 cal Society successively in 1849, 1850 and 
 1851, and president of that society in 1852. 
 He was one of the organizers of the City 
 Medical Society and had filled its most im- 
 portant offices ; and he introduced into it the 
 resolution for the founding of a City Dispen- 
 sary, of which, when eventually it was estab- 
 lished, he was one of the corporators and a 
 manager until ill health compelled his retire- 
 ment. 
 
 Dr. Taylor was the author of quite a num- 
 ber of valuable articles and addresses upon 
 medicine and related subjects which were 
 published in the medical and other journals. 
 In addition to this, he was frequently a lec- 
 turer before lyceums and other societies, and 
 this contributed much to the intellectual de- 
 velopment of Camden. He was a member 
 of the Protestant Episcopal Church and in 
 1847 he was elected a warden of St. Paul's 
 Church, Camden, and at the time of his 
 death he was senior warden of that parish. 
 
 In 1832, Dr. Taylor married Evelina C, 
 daughter of Jehu and Anna Burrough, of 
 Gloucester (now Camden County). During 
 his residence in Camden he lived in the house 
 on Market Street, above Third, built by Mrs. 
 Burrough in 1809, where the doctor died of 
 pneumonic phthisis September 5, 1869. His 
 widow survived until September 18, 1878, 
 leaving three sons — Dr. H. Genet Taylor, 
 Marmaduke B. Taylor (a lawyer in Camden) 
 and O. G. Taylor (deceased), who for nearly 
 twenty years was apothecary and superinten- 
 dent of the Camden Dispensary. 
 
 William C. Mulford was a pioneer 
 
 physician in Gloucester City, having re- 
 , moved to it from Pittsgrove, Salem County, 
 in 1845, soon after the first mill was erected 
 in the former place. He was the son of 
 William and Ann Mulford, and was born 
 July 17, 1808, in Salem City. Commencing 
 the study of medicine under Dr. Beasley, he 
 attended medical lectures at the Jefferson 
 Medical College, and graduated in 1830. 
 He practiced medicine in Pittsgrove, Salem 
 County, where he married his wife, Emily 
 Dare, on March 28, 1833. Upon his re- 
 moval to Gloucester City he was appointed 
 its first postmaster, the post-office being in a 
 corner room of the factory. Dr. Mulford 
 continued practicing his profession here 
 until 1862, when he was commissioned an 
 assistant surgeon in the Third New York 
 Cavalry, serving with it for six months, 
 when he was detailed for hospital duty in 
 Rhode Island, and then in W^ashingtou. 
 He was on duty at and witnessed the execu- 
 tion of Mrs. Surratt. He was honorably 
 discharged from the service in April, 1866, 
 when he recommenced the practice of medi- 
 cine in Gloucester City, and continued there 
 until 1870. In that year he removed to a 
 farm he had purchased in Charles City 
 County, Va., where he died December 3, 
 1878. He never joined either of the medical 
 societies. 
 
 Reynell Coates moved to Camden in 
 1845, where he attended an occasional pa- 
 tient during the earlier years of his residence 
 in it. He belonged to an old Philadelphia 
 family, and was born in that city Decem- 
 ber 10, 1802. His father, Samuel Coates, 
 sent him to the well-known Friends' School 
 at Westtown. Afterwards he attended med- 
 ical lectures at the University of Penn- 
 sylvania, where he graduated in 1823. Dr. 
 Coates was a man of the most brilliant and 
 erratic genius, and a poet of considerable 
 reputation. He was a well-known author 
 upon medical, scientific and political sub- 
 jects, and some of his works have been 
 
A HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND MEDICAL 3IEN. 
 
 275 
 
 translated into other languages ; a list of them 
 may be found in AUibone's " Dictionary of 
 Authors." He -likewise for a time took an 
 active part in politics, and in 1852 was the 
 candidate for Vice President on the Native 
 American ticket. Before he came to Cam- 
 den he had separated from his wife, with 
 whom he had lived but one year. In this 
 city he was very poor at times and depend- 
 ent upon the assistance of his relatives in 
 Philadelphia. Sometimes he boarded, but 
 frequently he lived entirely alone, doing his 
 own cooking. In 1867 he was elected a 
 member of the Camden City Medical So- 
 ciety. Dr. Coates was the anonymous author 
 of a biography of Dr. Bowman Hendry, of 
 Haddonfield, published in pamphlet form 
 in 1848. He died in Camden April 27, 1886. 
 Aaeox Dickinson Woodruff was the 
 first member to join the Camden County 
 Medical Society after its incorporation, which 
 he did in 1847. His grandfather, A. 
 D. Woodruff, was attorney-general of New 
 Jersey from 1800 to 1818. Dr. Woodruff 
 was the son of Elias Decou Woodruff and 
 Abigail Ellis Whitall, and was born in 
 Woodbury, N. J., May 4, 1818. Upon the 
 death of his father, in 1824, his mother re- 
 moved to Georgetown, D. C, and thence, in 
 1829, to Philadelphia. Dr. Woodruff was 
 educated at the academy of Samuel Jones. 
 At sixteen he entered the drug store of 
 Charles Ellis, and graduated at the College 
 of Pharmacy in 1838. In 1840 he went to 
 Woodville, Miss., to take charge of a drug 
 store, but commencing the study of medicine, 
 he returned, in 1842, to Philadelphia, and 
 - pursued his studies under Dr. Thomas Mut- 
 ter, professor of surgery in the Jefferson 
 Medical College, from which school he grad- 
 uated in 1844. He spent a few months in. 
 the Pennsylvania Hospital, and then com- 
 menced the practice of medicine in Haddon- 
 field, where he soon won the confidence of 
 the people and secured an extensive practice. 
 In 1865, in consequence of impaired health 
 
 from overwork, Dr. Woodruff retired from 
 practice and removed to Philadelphia. He 
 resigned from the Medical Society in 1871, 
 upon his removal to his farm in Princess 
 Anne, Md., but was ' elected an honorary 
 member of it. He died in Philadelphia in 
 January, 1881. He was an elder in the 
 Presbyterian Church. Dr. Woodruff mar- 
 ried Miss Anne Davidson, of Georgetown, 
 D. C, but left no issue. 
 
 Jajies C. Risley was one of the corpor- 
 ators and first president of the Camden 
 County Medical Society, being at that time 
 a practitioner of medicine at Long-a-Coming 
 (Berlin), where he remained until 1849. He 
 was the son of Judge James Risley, of 
 Wood&town, Salem County, born in June, 
 1817. He studied medicine with Dr. J. 
 Hunt, and was licensed by the board of 
 censors of the New Jersey State Medical 
 Society in June, 1838, but he did not attend 
 medical lectures until some years later, finally 
 graduating in 1844 at the Jefferson Medical 
 College. In the mean time he had practiced 
 medicine at Port Elizabeth until 1842, when 
 he returned to Woodstown. After his gradu- 
 ation he located in Camden County. From 
 here, in 1849, he went to Columbia, Pa., and 
 remained there until 1856, when he removed 
 to Muscatine, Iowa. He returned to Penn- 
 sylvania in 1861, and opened an office at 
 New Brighton, continuing here until 1864, 
 when, his health being impaired, he went back 
 to his home in Woodstown, where he died 
 November 21, 1866.' Dr. Risley was a man 
 of commanding appearance and pleasing ad- 
 dress, with colloquial powers that won for 
 him a quick appreciation from his patrons. 
 He married Miss Caroline Crompton, of Port 
 Elizabeth, who survived him. 
 
 BowJiAN Hendry, Jr., was the son ot 
 Dr. Bowman Hendry, and was born in H:id- 
 donfield May 4, 1820. His father dying 
 when his son was a youth, young Hendry 
 
 1 Transactions New Jersey State Medical Society, 
 1867. 
 
276 
 
 HISTOKY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEKSEY. 
 
 studied medicine with his brother Charles, and 
 graduated from the Jefferson College in 1846. 
 For a few months he practiced medicine in 
 Haddonfield, and then removed to Gloucester 
 City, a place that had just been started as a 
 manufacturing town. After the outbreak of 
 the Civil War Dr. Hendry entered the army 
 and was appointed assistant surgeon of the 
 Sixth New Jersey Regiment, and continued 
 with it until the regiment was mustered out 
 of service, September 7, 1864. Next he was 
 attached to the Mower Hospital, at German- 
 town, Pa., where he remained until the close 
 of the war. He then located in Camden 
 City, where he practiced medicine until his 
 death, June 8, 1868. Dr. Hendry was a 
 member of the Camden City and Camden 
 County Medical Societies, having joined the 
 latter in 1847, and was its president in 1860. 
 He took an active part in both, and read before 
 the City Society a valuable paper upon the 
 Mower Hospital. He married, February 
 24, 1850, Helen A. Sarchet, of Gloucester 
 City, who, with one daughter, resides in 
 Camden. 
 
 Charles W. Saetori was born in Tren- 
 ton, N. J., September 6, 1806. His father, 
 John Baptiste Sartori, a native of Rome, 
 Italy, came to the United States in 1791. 
 He returned to Rome as United States con- 
 sul from 1795 to 1800, when he came back 
 to the United States as consul for the Papal 
 States. Dr. Sartori's mother was Henrietta, 
 daughter of Chevalier De "Woopoin, a French 
 officer, who acquired large estates in San 
 Domingo, but was killed in the negro in- 
 surrection in that island. Dr. Sartori was 
 educated at Georgetown, D. C. He studie,d 
 medicine and graduated at the Jefferson 
 Medical College in 1829. Commencing the 
 practice of medicine in Port Republic, At- 
 lantic County, he remained there until 1839, 
 when he removed to Tuckerton, Burlington 
 County, and practiced there until 1843. Be- 
 tween this date and 1849 he was again in At- 
 lantic County, at Pleasant Mills, Atsion, 
 
 Batsto, and in the latter year located at Black' 
 wood, Camden County, where he stayed only 
 a short time, removing from thence to Cam- 
 den. He never practiced medicine in Cam- 
 den, although it was his residence until his 
 death, on October 4, 1875. On May 10, 
 1861, he was appointed acting assistant sur- 
 geon in the United States Navy, and was 
 assigned to the United States steamer 
 " Flag," his brother, Louis C. Sartori, now 
 commodore on the retired list United States 
 Navy, being commander of that vessel. In 
 1863 he was transferred to the United States 
 steamer " Wyalusing," from which vessel he 
 resigned July 19, 1864. In 1833 Dr. Sartori 
 married Ann L., widow of Captain Robert 
 D. Giberson, of Port Republic. He was 
 never a member of either of the Medical 
 Societies in Camden County. 
 
 John Voorhees Schenck belonged to 
 an old East Jersey family, who have had a 
 number of representatives in the medical 
 profession. He was the son of Dr. Ferdi- 
 nand S. and Leah Voorhees Schenck, and 
 was born in Somerset County, N. J., Novem- 
 ber 17, 1824. The elder Dr. Schenck 
 represented his district in Congress for four 
 years, and between 1845 and 1851 he was 
 one of the judges of the Court of Errors and 
 Appeals. Dr. John V. Schenck received his 
 academical education at Rutgers College, 
 from which he obtained his diploma in 1844. 
 Then he attended medical lectures at the Uni- 
 versity of Pennsylvania, where he graduated 
 in 1847. At first he assisted his father in 
 his practice in his native place, but soon re- 
 moved to Monmouth County, where he re- 
 mained but a short time. In 1848 he located 
 in Camden and gradually secured probably 
 the most extensive practice, especially in 
 obstetrics, of any physician who ever prac- 
 ticed there. He was the eleventh member 
 admitted (1848) to the Camden County Med- 
 ical Society, and became its secretary and 
 treasurer in 1856, and its president in 1859. 
 He was one of the organizers of the Camden 
 
A HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND MEDICAL MEN. 
 
 277 
 
 City Medical Society, and a corporator of the 
 Camden City Dispensary, and was secretary 
 of the former from its commencement until 
 1859. He was also a member of the New 
 Jersey State Medical Society and its presi- 
 dent in 1876. His health becoming impaired 
 by overwork, he visited Europe for a few 
 months. Returning somewhat benefited, he 
 resumed the practice of medicine. He died 
 July 25, 1882, while on a short sojourn at 
 Atlantic City. He was a member of the 
 First Presbyterian Church, Dr. Schenck 
 married Martha McLeod, daughter of Henry 
 McKeen, of Philadelphia. He left a widow 
 and two daughters, one of whom is the wife 
 of Major Franklin C. Woolman, of Camden. 
 Dr. Peter Voorhees Schenck was a 
 younger brother of Dr. J. V. Schenck and 
 was born May 23, 1838. He was a student 
 at Princeton College, but retired in conse- 
 quence of impaired health. Upon his recov- 
 ery he matriculated in medicine at the Uni- 
 versity of Pennsylvania, from which he 
 graduated in 1860. He began the practice 
 of his profession in West Philadelphia, but 
 upon the breaking out of the Civil War, in 
 1861, he entered the regular array and 
 served until the close of the war, when he 
 resigned. In 1867 he joined his brother in 
 Camden and was admitted a member of both 
 of the medical societies. In the succeeding 
 year he removed to St. Louis, Mo., and en- 
 gaged in the practice of medicine. He was 
 at one time the health officer of St. Louis 
 and physician-in-chief of the female depart- 
 ment of the City Hospital. He married Ruth 
 Anna, daughter of John and Ruth Anna 
 McCune, of St. Louis. He died March 12, 
 1885, leaving a widow and four children. 
 
 Thomas F. Cullen was one of the few 
 members of the Camden County Medical So- 
 ciety who passed an examination before its 
 board of censors, receiving his license June 
 18, 1850. He was elected a member of the 
 society in the following December. He was 
 the son of Captain Thomas CuUen, of the 
 
 Philadelphia merchant marine, and was born 
 in that city September 3, 1822. He received 
 his scholastic education in Mount Holly, N. 
 J., to which place his parents had removed. 
 Dr, CuUen studied medicine with Dr. Heber 
 Chase, a surgeon of Philadelphia, and gradu- 
 ated at the University of Pennsylvania in 
 1844. His first field of practice was in New- 
 ark, Delaware, but in 1849 he removed to 
 Camden. Here his great natural abilities and 
 careful training brought him prominently 
 forward, especially as a surgeon, in which 
 branch of the profession he became so skilled 
 and successful that for the first time in its 
 history Camden became independent of its 
 neighbor across the Delaware for the per- 
 formance of a capital surgical operation. He 
 was an active member of the medical socie- 
 ties, serving as president of the city and county 
 societies, and of the State society in 1869. 
 While a member of the former two, no com- 
 mittee was complete without him. He was 
 one of the corporators of the Camden Dis- 
 pensary and Cooper Hospital. Of the former, 
 he was two years its president, and a director 
 of the latter until his death. He died No- 
 vember 21, 1877. He left no issue. 
 
 Jacob Geigg is of English descent. His 
 grandfather. Rev. Jacob Grigg, was a Baptist 
 missionary, sent from England to Sierra 
 Leone, Africa, but his health failing, he sailed 
 for America. His son. Dr. John R. Grigg, 
 the father of Dr. Jacob Grigg, practiced med- 
 icine at White Marsh, Pennsylvania, where 
 the latter was born, June 23, 1821. He read 
 medicine with his father, and received his 
 diploma from the University of Pennsylva- 
 nia in 1843. In the same year he married 
 Mary, daughter of John Bruner, of Mont- 
 gomery County, in that State, in the mean- 
 while practicing medicine in conjunction with 
 his father. In 1844 Dr. Jacob Grigg removed 
 to Bucks County, and from thence, in 1849, 
 to Blackwood, in Camden County, New Jer- 
 sey. Oa June 18, 1849, the board of censors 
 of the Camden County Medical Society re- 
 
278 
 
 HISTOElf OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 ported that Dr. Grigg had passed a successful 
 examination and had received a license to 
 practice in the State. At the semi-annual 
 meeting of the society, held December 19th 
 of that year, he was elected a member. He 
 was burned out in 1852 and removed to 
 Pennsylvania, at which time his name was 
 dropped from the roll of the society. Re- 
 turning in a few months to Camden County, 
 he remained until 1857, when he left this 
 county and settled in the adjoining one 
 of Burlington. His present residence is Mt. 
 Holly. 
 
 Robert M. Smallwood belonged to an 
 old Gloucester County family. He was the 
 sou of John C. and Mary Smallwood, of 
 "Woodbury, and was born August 20, 1827. 
 Adopting the profession of medicine, he en- 
 tered the University of Pennsylvania, where 
 he graduated in 1849. He at once located in 
 Chews Landing and continued in practice there 
 fortwo years. He joined the Camden County 
 Medical Society June 19, 1849. In the 
 year 1851 he entered the United States Navy, 
 and in 1852 was assigned to duty upon the 
 ship " Levant" and sailed for the Mediterra- 
 nean. While upon this cruise his health 
 failed him, and returning home, he died of 
 phthisis, February 8, 1856. He married Mrs. 
 Mary A. F. Gest in 1850, and had four 
 children. 
 
 John I. Jessup.— At a meeting of the 
 Camden County Medical Society held at 
 Camden, June 19, 1849, the society adjourned 
 for a few hours to give the " board of censors 
 an opportunity to examine candidates for a 
 license to practice medicine in the State." At 
 half-past two o'clock Dr. Isaac S. ^Nlulford, 
 president of the board, reported that after a 
 satisfactory examination they had granted 
 licenses to "Dr. Theodore H. Yariclv, of 
 Hudson County ; Dr. John I. Jessup, of At- 
 lantic County ; and Dr. John ^Y. Snowden, 
 of Camden County." At the semi-annual 
 meeting, held on December 18th, of this 
 year. Dr. Jessup was elected a member of the 
 
 society. He was a grandsonofJosiah Albert- 
 son, who kept the old hotel in Blue Anchor 
 from 1812 until the Camden and Atlantic 
 Railroad was built, in 1852. 
 
 Dr. Jessup graduated at the Jefferson Med- 
 ical College in 1848, and seems to have prac- 
 ticed for a short time in Camden County. 
 Soon after joining its society he removed to 
 Somers Point, in Atlantic County. In 1852 
 he became prostrated by phthisis, which 
 caused him to return to Blue Anchor, where 
 he soon afterwards died.' 
 
 Sylvester Birdsell's parentage was of 
 Pennsylvania origin. His father, James 
 Birdsell, married Mary Pyle, both of Ches- 
 ter County, in that State. Their son Syl- 
 vester was, however, born in Baltimore, Md., 
 August 21, 1824. He was. of a studious 
 turn of mind, and taught school while at- 
 tending medical lectures at the Jefferson 
 Medical College, from which he graduated 
 in 1848. Dr. Birdsell commenced the prac- 
 tice of medicine at Point Pleasant, Bucks 
 County, Pa. In 1850 he moved to what was 
 then known as South Camden, N. J., where 
 he opened a drug store and began practicing 
 medicine. In the same year he joined the 
 County Medical Society, becoming its presi- 
 dent in 1858. He was one of the organizers 
 of the city society. His knowledge and 
 ability secured for him a professorship iu the 
 "Woman's Medical College " of Philadel- 
 phia, a position he held for some time. Dr. 
 Birdsell married Jane B. Laird, whose death 
 preceded by several years his own, which oc- 
 curred May 29, 1883. He was buried in 
 Evergreen Cemetery. He left two daugh- 
 ters and one son, Rudolph W. Birdsell, who 
 for a long time has been connected with the 
 Camden Fire Insurance Association. 
 
 William G. Thomas was born in Phila- 
 delphia, January 16, 1826. He was the son 
 of Stephen and Sallie Thomas. He com- 
 menced the study of medicine in Columbia, 
 
 isomers' " Medical History of Atlantic County." 
 
A HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND MEDICAL :\IEN. 
 
 279 
 
 Lancaster County, Pa., under Dr. Filbert, of 
 that place, and attended medioal lectures at 
 the Pennsylvania ^Medical College, in Phila- 
 delphia, from which he graduated in 1854. 
 Although the law did not then require it, he 
 passed an exnniination before the board of 
 censoi-s of the New Jersey State Medical 
 Sixnety, at Trenton, on May 14, 1854, and 
 then began the practice of medicine in Cam- 
 den. He became a member of the Camden 
 County Medical Society in 1857. He had 
 joined the city society upon his location in 
 Camden and had taken an active interest in its 
 pi'oceeding's. Dr. Thomas died of dysen- 
 tery August 17, 1858. He had ahai"d sti-ug- 
 gle during his short professional cai-eer in 
 Camden and after his death the city society 
 paid his funeral expenses. He married, 
 February 7,1854, Mai^ai-et Cramsie, of Phil- 
 adelphia, and left one child. 
 
 The three following physicians all practiced 
 in Blackwood, but none of them were ever 
 connected with either the Camden County 
 or City Meilical Societies. De. AViLi.iAM 
 Holmes located there between 1845 and 
 1847. Although he is said lo have graduated 
 at the Univei"sity of Pennsylvania, his name 
 is not in the list of graduates of that institution. 
 He removed to Greenwich, X. J. Dr. F. 
 RiPGELEY Graham was a physician in the 
 same town between 1850 mid 1858. He was 
 a native of Chillicothe, O., where he began 
 the study of medicine, completing his edut^ation 
 at the Jeffei-son ^re<.lieal College, from which 
 he graduated in 1850. He removed to Ciies- 
 ter. Pa. The tliird one was Dr. Alex- 
 AXDER J. MoKelway, SOU of Dr. John 
 MeKelway, of Trenton, X. J., who was born 
 in Si'otland December 6, 1813. He graduat- 
 ed at the Jefferson Medical College in 1834. 
 Between the yejii-s 1858 and 1861 he pursued 
 his profession in Blackwood. On September 
 14th of the latter year he entered tlie volun- 
 teer service as surgeon of the Eighth Xew 
 Jersey Regiment and continued with it until 
 April 7, 1 8(34, when he resigned. He died 
 
 at M'illiamstown, Gloucester County, X. J., 
 November 8, 1885. 
 
 Within the same decade Dr. Jesse S. Zane 
 Seller*;, son of Jesse and Rebecca Sellei-s, of 
 Philadelphia, opened an office in Camden. 
 He had received his medical education at the 
 University of Pennsylvania, from which 
 institution he graduated in 1852. He be- 
 came a member of the Camden City ^Medical 
 Society in September, 1854, and fiiithfully 
 served through the cholera epidemic of that 
 autumn. Soon afterward he removed to 
 Minne.sota and engaged in mining. He lived 
 onlv a few vears after his removal to the 
 West. 
 
 Napoleox Boxaparte Jexxixgs was 
 twenty-eight yeai-s a member of the Camden 
 County Medical Society and M'as its president 
 in 18G1. He died of phthisis at Haddon- 
 field, April 17, 1885. The doctor was the 
 son of Stacy and Sarah Jennings, and was 
 born at ^lanahawkiu, X. J., April '22, 1831. 
 He was educated at the Woodstock Academy, 
 Connecticut, and then entered the office of 
 Dr. Budd, of Medford, X. J., to pursue the 
 study of medicine, and graduated at the Jef- 
 ferson ^leiiical College, of Philadelphia, in 
 185(). He immediately entei'ed upon the 
 practice of medicine in Haddonfield, where 
 he soon gained the confidence of the com- 
 munity by his professional attainments and 
 his excellent social qualities. He ^vas pos- 
 sessed of a singularly genial nature, which 
 overflowed in kindness to all and g-ained for 
 him the universal good will of thecommuni- 
 tv in which he lived and practiced for neai'ly 
 thirtv vears, and attained for him one of the 
 largest practices ever secured by a jihysician 
 in West Jersey. 
 
 He married Mary, daughter of Joshua P. 
 and Amelia Browning, of Haddonfield, who 
 survives him with a family of seven children. 
 He was a consistent member of the Protest- 
 ant Episctipal Church. 
 
 Henry Acki.ey virtually belonged to 
 Camden, although born in Philadelphia, Jau- 
 
280 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 uary 29, 1837. His grandfather, Thomas 
 Ackley, as early as 1800, kept the old store 
 at the foot of Federal Street, which was 
 demolished a few years ago. His mother, nee 
 Barclay, the widow of Lieutenant-Comman- 
 der McCauley, United States Navy, married 
 Thomas Ackley, cashier of the State Bank 
 at Camden. Dr. Ackley received a liberal 
 education, and studied medicine with Pro- 
 fessors E. Wallace and William Keating, of 
 Philadelphia, and graduated at the Jefferson 
 Medical College in 1858. He began prac- 
 tice in Camden and joined the county and 
 city societies, and was secretary of the former 
 in 1859 and 1860. At the commencement 
 of the Civil War he entered the United States 
 Navy, as surgeon, on July 20, 1861, and 
 was assigned to duty in the Philadelphia 
 Navy- Yard. Towards the close of the year 
 he was ordered to the United States ship 
 " Wissahickon," of the East Gulf Blockad- 
 ing Squadron, and served under Admiral 
 Porter in the capture of New Orleans and 
 in the campaign against Vicksburg. In 
 1863 he was transferred to the flag-ship 
 " San Jacinto," and was acting surgeon-in- 
 chief of the squadron. While on this vessel 
 he was attacked with yellow fever, which so 
 impaired his naturally feeble constitution 
 that he was ordered to the United States 
 receiving ship "Vermont," at New York, 
 in 1864. He died in Camden, of phthisis, 
 December 1, 1865. The year previous he 
 married Sallie, daughter of Hon. Richard 
 Wilkins, of Camden. He left one son, who 
 died in infancy. 
 
 William S. Bishop, surgeon of the ' 
 United States Navy, an honorary member of 
 the Camden County Medical Society, died De- 
 cember 28, 1868. Dr. Bishop was connected 
 with the navy from an early period of his 
 professional life. He had seen service in 
 most parts of the globe. Several years ago, 
 while on duty with the squadron on the 
 coast of Africa, he suffered from a severe at- 
 tack of coast fever, froiu the effects of which 
 
 he never entirely recovered. He was pro 
 nounced by a medical commission unfit for 
 further sea service, but was employed on 
 shore duty at the various naval stations. At 
 the breaking out of the Rebellion Dr. Bishop 
 was on duty at the navy-yard at Pensacola, 
 Fla., where, in common with the other naval 
 officers, he was obliged to give his parole not 
 to engage in service against the Confederacy 
 before -he was permitted to return North. 
 When not employed in service, he resided in 
 Camden for a number of years previous to 
 his death. Shortly after his return to the 
 latter place he was ordered to the navy-yard 
 at Mare Island, in California, where he re- 
 mained during the whole period of the war. 
 He came home much impaired in health, but 
 was employed again on naval medical com- 
 missions of great responsibility ; he was 
 finally ordered to the United States Naval 
 Asylum, at Philadelphia, as chief surgeon, at 
 which post he died on December 28, 1868, of 
 a complication of diseases, ending in general 
 dropsy.^ Dr. Bishop was a member of the 
 Camden City Society as well as the County 
 Society. 
 
 Thomas J. Smith became a member of 
 the Camden Countj' Medical Society on June 
 18, 1867. He was born in Salem, N. J., 
 April 21, 1841, and is the son of Peter and 
 Elizabeth Smith. He was educated at 
 Williams College, Massachusetts, graduating 
 in 1862. He attended medical lectures in the 
 University of Pennsylvania, and received his 
 degree of M.D. in March, 1866. He began 
 the practice of medicine in Camden. He 
 joined the Camden City Medical Society in 
 March, 1867, and became its secretary the 
 same year, continuing in office until his re- 
 moval to Bridgeton, early in the year 1868. 
 Dr. Smith is a member of the New Jersey 
 State Medicdl Society and is chairman of its 
 standing committee. He married, March 28, 
 1871, Mary L., daughter of Rev. Elisha V. 
 iTransactiouB of New Jersey State Medical Society, 
 
 I8a9. 
 
A HISTOKY OF MEDICINE AND MEDICAL MEN. 
 
 281 
 
 and Matilda B, Glover, of Haddonfield. Dr. 
 Smith is a prominent practitioner in Bridge- 
 ton. 
 
 Joseph W. McCullough fell a victim 
 to the severest epidemic of typhus fever that 
 ever attadked the almshouse in Blackwood, 
 Camden County, literally dying at his post 
 of duty, of that disease, March 15, 1881, 
 after a service of nine years as attending 
 physician at that institution. He was the 
 son of Andrew and Eunice McCullough, and 
 was born in Wilmington, Del., August 12, 
 1 837. He studied medicine with Dr. Chand- 
 ler, of that city, and graduated at the Jeffer- 
 son Medical College in 1860. When the 
 Civil War broke out, in 1861, he was one of 
 the first to offer his services to the govern- 
 ment, and was appointed surgeon of the First 
 Delaware Regiment. After the close of the 
 war he joined the regular army, and was 
 sent to New Orleans, and thence to Alabama. 
 In consequence of impaired health he resign- 
 ed, and in 1866 located as a practitioner of 
 medicine at Blackwood. In 1880 he and Dr. 
 Brannin, his co-laborer, were appointed phy- 
 sicians to the County Insane Asylum. Dr. 
 McCullough joined the Camden County 
 Medicfd Society in 1871. He married, 
 March 9, 1876, Sarah E., only daughter of 
 Richard C. Stevenson, of Blackwood. His 
 widow and two children survive him. 
 
 Charles F. Claeke practiced medicine 
 for over forty years in Gloucester County. 
 He retired in 1868 and moved to Camden, 
 becoming an honorary member of the City 
 Society in 1869 and continuing his connec- 
 tion with it until his death, in 1875. He was 
 born near Paulsboro', Gloucester County, 
 N. J., August 12, 1800. He was educated 
 at Woodbury and at Burlington, and then 
 entered the counting-room of Mr. Hollings- 
 head, in Philadelphia. In the year 1820, 
 being in poor health, he went as supercargo 
 to the West Indies : returning, he commenced 
 the study of medicine and graduateid at the 
 University of Pennsylvania in 1823. In 
 
 connection with his cousin. Dr. John Y. 
 Clarke, of Philadelphia, he opened a drug 
 store at the corner of Fifth and Race Streets, 
 in that city. This he soon abandoned, and 
 then began the practice of medicine in 
 Clarksboro', Gloucester County, N. J., thence 
 he went to Paulsboro', and in 1835 to Wood- 
 bury, in the same county, where he lived for 
 thirty-two years and attended to the largest 
 practice in that section of the county. Dr. 
 Clarke accumulated a considerable fortune. 
 One of his daughters, Eva C, married Dr. 
 Randall W. Morgan. His son. Dr. Henry 
 C. Clarke, succeeded to his father's practice 
 and is one of the leading physicians in 
 Gloucester County. 
 
 Randal W. Moeg-ax was born near 
 Black woodtown, Camden County, June 5, 
 1848, and was a son of Randal E. and Mary 
 (Willard) Morgan. He attended the West 
 Jersey Academy, at Bridgeton, and later the 
 University of Lewisburgh, Pa. In 1864 he 
 was appointed midshipman at the Naval 
 Academy at Annapolis, which position he 
 was obliged to resign because of an attack of 
 typhoid fever, from which he never fully re- 
 covered. Shortly afterward he commenced 
 his medical studies under Dr. Brannin, of 
 Blackwoodtown, continuing them at the 
 University of Pennsylvania, and graduating 
 from that institution in 1870. Two years 
 later he took the degree of Doctor of Phil- 
 osophy. In 1877 he was elected county 
 physician, an office he held for five years. 
 During the small-pox epidemic, in 1872, he 
 had charge of the small-pox hospital, and 
 labored unselfishly among the victims of that 
 disease. In 1881, much broken in health, 
 he sailed for Europe, and was much benefited 
 by his sojourn there ; but upon returning to 
 practice soon succumbed again to ill health, 
 and in August, 1883, was obliged to re- 
 linquish the duties of his profession. He 
 sailed again for Europe in 1884, intending, 
 while there, to visit some of the hospitals in 
 the cholera-infested portions of France and 
 
282 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Italy, but, owing to aggravation of his mala- 
 dies, abandoned the project, and sailing for 
 home, died when three days out from Liver- 
 pool, October 20, 1884. 
 
 Dr. Morgan was a very active man, dili- 
 gent in the practice of his profession, 
 studious and quite successful. Speaking of his 
 skillful management of the small-pox hos- 
 pital, heretofore alluded to, Dr. E. M. 
 Cooper, in his report to the New Jersey State 
 Medical Society, said : " We have obtained 
 (from Dr. Morgan) some valuable statistics 
 in regard to the disease and its mode of 
 treatment ; and it is but just to him to state 
 that the ratio of mortality of the cases under 
 his care compare very favorably with other 
 small-pox hospitals." 
 
 He carried on for several years a drug- 
 store, and was a member of both the Camden 
 County and Camden City Medical Societies. 
 
 He was married January 15, 1876, to Eva, 
 daughter of Dr. Charles F. Clarke, late of 
 Camden, who survives him. 
 
 James A. Aemsteoxg was born in Phila- 
 delphia, June 12, 1835, and was the son of 
 James and Mary Armstrong. He was edu- 
 cated in the public schools, and graduated 
 from the Philadelphia High School. He 
 engaged in the drug business and obtained a 
 diploma from the Philadelphia College of 
 Pharmacy in 1855, and then purchased a 
 drug store at the corner of Fourth and 
 Thompson Streets, in his native city. Subse- 
 quently he studied medicine, graduating from 
 the University of Pennsylvania in 1861. In 
 September of the latter year Dr. Armstrong 
 •was appointed assistant surgeon in a Penn- 
 sylvania regiment, and was assigned to the 
 Army of the Potomac, in Virginia. After 
 three years of military duty in the field he 
 returned home, and was attached to the 
 Satterlee Hospital until the close of the war. 
 He then removed to Camden, and purchased 
 a drug store on Federal Street, above Third, 
 which he afterwards moved to Market, above 
 the same street. In a few years he relin- 
 
 quished the drug business, began the practice 
 of medicine and joined the Camden County 
 Medical Society in 1876. He was surgical 
 examiner for pensions in Camden since the 
 close of the war, and when the United States 
 Board of Pensions was established in that 
 city, in 1884, he was appointed one of its 
 three members. In 1871 he was coroner of 
 Camden City. Dr. Armstrong was an elder 
 in the Presbyterian Church. He died of 
 apoplexy on October 30, 1885, leaving a 
 widow and three daughters. 
 
 J. Newton Achufp was a native of 
 Germantown, Pa. He commenced his medi- 
 cal education with Dr. Lemuel J. Deal, of 
 Philadelphia, and completed it at the Jeffer- 
 son Medical College, graduating in 1867. 
 He at once commenced the practice of his 
 profession in South Camden, and in the same 
 year (1867) joined both the Camden City and 
 County Societies. He was at once appointed 
 a visiting physician of the Camden City Dis- 
 pensary. In the year 1869 he left Camden 
 and entered the service of the government as 
 a contract surgeon, and was assigned to duty 
 in Alaska, and subsequently in California, in 
 which State he died about 1872. 
 
 James H. Wroth is the son of the late 
 James W. Wroth, of Camden, whose widow 
 and her family have removed from the city. 
 Dr. Wroth obtained his medical education at 
 the University of Pennsylvania, where he 
 graduated in 1878. He commenced the 
 practice of medicine in Camden, and in 
 1879 attached himself to both the Camden 
 City and County Societies. While an interne 
 of the Camden City Dispensary the small- 
 pox epidemic of 1880 occurred in that city, 
 during which Dr. Wroth distinguished him- 
 self by his attendance upon the sick (poor) 
 with that disease. He is now a resident of 
 New Mexico. 
 
 Isaac B. Mulfoed belonged to an old 
 and influential family in South Jersey. He 
 was born in Millville, N. J., in 1843. He 
 was educated at the West Jersey Academy, 
 
A HISTOKY OF MEDICINE AND MEDICAL MEN. 
 
 283 
 
 at Bridgeton, at Monticello Seminary, New 
 York, and at Princeton College, from which 
 he graduated with honor in the class of" 1865. 
 He studied medicine with Dr. William Hunt, 
 of Philadelphia, and attended lectures at the 
 University of Pennsylvania. His studies 
 being interrupted by severe illness, he could 
 not receive his degree of Doctor of Medicine 
 until 1871. He began the practice of medi- 
 cine in Camden, and became a member of 
 both the Camden County and Camden City 
 Medical Societies, and was elected treasurer of 
 the former in 1874, and president in 1881. 
 For several years prior to his death he was 
 surgeon of the Sixth Regiment National 
 Guards of New Jersey. He was also phy- 
 sician of the West Jersey Orphanage, a mem- 
 ber of the New Jersey Sanitary Association 
 and the Camden Microscopical Society.^ 
 Dr. Muiford and the Rev. Joseph F. Garri- 
 son, honorary member of the Camden County 
 Society, were the only resident physicians in 
 the county who were ever graduates of the 
 College of New Jersey. Dr. Muiford died 
 in Camden, November 21, 1882. He left a 
 fine library of medical works to the Camden 
 City Dispensary. 
 
 William G. Taylor, a former mem- 
 ber of the Camden City Medical Society, 
 was the son of Dr. R. G. and Eleonora Tay- 
 lor, of Camden. He was born in Philadel- 
 phia, July 20, 1851, and was educated in the 
 public schools in Camden. At the age of 
 seventeen he entered the drug-store of Jo- 
 seph Riley and attended two courses of lec- 
 tures at the Philadelphia College of Phar- 
 macy. He then commenced the study of 
 medicine and graduated at the Jeiferson 
 Medical College in 1873. For a short time 
 he was one of the visiting physicians for the 
 Dispensary, but he had been preparing for 
 the work of a missionary under the auspices 
 of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Mis- 
 sions. On June 11, 1873, he sailed from 
 
 1 Transactions New Jersey State Medical Society, 
 1883. 
 
 New York for Africa. His station was Ga- 
 boon, on the west coast, and his duty was to 
 visit monthly, or oftener if called upon, the 
 stations between it and Benita, a point one 
 hundred miles north. The mode of travel- 
 ling was by sea in an open boat, five and 
 one-half feet wide by twenty-six feet long. 
 This exposed life and repeated attacks of Af- 
 rican fever broke down his health, and after 
 two years' labor there he returned home, and 
 died April 8, 1877. He was buried in Ever- 
 green Cemetery. 
 
 LIVING PHYSICIANS. 
 
 \_The remainder of the Medical Chapter was prepared 
 by the Publishers,} 
 
 John W. Snowden is the oldest living 
 member of the Camden County Medical 
 Society in continuous attendance, having 
 joined it in 1849. He is a native of Phila- 
 delphia, and graduated in the Medical De- 
 partment of the University of Pennsylvania 
 in April, 1844. His health being precarious, 
 he selected the " Pines " of New Jersey as 
 his field of practice, and located near Water- 
 ford, in Camden County, in May, 1846. He 
 was one of the few physicians who passed an 
 examination before the board of censors of the 
 Camden County Medical Society for a license 
 to practice medicine in New Jersey. In 1855 
 he was elected president of this society, and 
 in the year 1878 he was appointed to be its 
 reporter and chairman of its most important 
 committee, the "Standing Committee," a 
 position he still holds. He is a member of 
 the New Jersey State Medical Society, and 
 was its president in 1882-83. His residence 
 was at Ancora, between Waterford and Win- 
 slow, until 1884, when he removed to Ham- 
 monton, a rapidly-growing town, six miles 
 distant, and just beyond the boundary line 
 between Camden and Atlantic Counties. 
 During a practice of forty years he has seen 
 his section of the State emerge from a wilder- 
 ness into a series of towns, containing an in- 
 telligent, thrifty and progressive people. 
 
284 
 
 HISTOKY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEK8EY. 
 
 James M. Eidge, now one of the leading 
 physicians and surgeons of West Jersey, is a 
 son of Moses and Sarah (McFarland) 
 Kidge, and was born in Tinicum township, 
 Bucks County, Pa., October 6, 1826. His 
 father was an intelligent and prosperous 
 farmer, under whose watchful care as an in- 
 structor the rudimentary education of the 
 son was obtained. The grandmother of Dr. 
 Eidge, on his father's side, was a daughter of 
 Edward Marshall, a lineal descendant of 
 a family prominent in the annals of Penn- 
 sylvania His father died iu the year 
 1860, and his mother several years earlier. 
 In 1847, after receiving a preparatory in- 
 tellectual training at home and in the schools 
 of his native township, he entered a boarding- 
 school taught by Solomon Wright, at Bridge- 
 ton, Pa., and in 1849 Dr. Eidge became the 
 teacher of the school. In the fall of the same 
 year he determined to take up the study 
 of medicine, and thereupon entered the office 
 of Dr. William S. Hendrie, of Doylestown, 
 Pa., as a student, and remained in this re- 
 lation until his graduation from the Medical 
 Department of the University of Pennsyl- 
 vania, April 2, 1852. Upon receiving 
 his degree and diploma he began the prac- 
 tice of medicine in his native township, 
 continuing there until the year 1856, when 
 he removed to Camden, in which city he has 
 gained an enviable reputation as a surgeon, and 
 a successful practitioner of medicine. He is 
 well versed in the science and literature of his 
 chosen profession. Dr. Eidge has been promi- 
 nently identified with various medical societies, 
 and has always taken an active part in the 
 discussions of topics at their deliberations. 
 In 1876 he represented the First Congressional 
 District of New Jersey in the International 
 Medical Congress, which met in Philadelphia, 
 and took an active part in its discussions. He 
 Was a member of the Bucks County Medi- 
 cal Society, the Pathological Society of Phila- 
 delphia and the Camden County Medical 
 Society, and has served as president of the la,st- 
 
 named society at various times. As a mem- 
 ber of the State Board of Health he served 
 two years, and then resigned in order to give 
 more direct attention to his practice at 
 home. 
 
 In politics Dr. Eidge was a Whig during 
 the days of that party, and since has liccn 
 identified with the Democratic party. He 
 served as a member of the City School Board 
 for a period of sixteen yeai's, in which position 
 he always showed an active interest in the 
 cause of education. Since 1885 he has served 
 as ])resident of the County Board of Ex- 
 amining Surgeons for Pensions. The doctor 
 is a constant reader, not only of works pertain- 
 ing to his own profession, but of general 
 literature. He has devoted much of his 
 leisure time to the study of the classics and 
 the most abstruse questions of philosophy 
 and the physicial sciences. 
 
 In 1850 Dr. Eidge was married to Sarah, 
 daughter of William B. Warford, by whom 
 he has had three children. Josephine, the 
 eldest, is married to A. G. Wilson, of Brook- 
 lyn, N. Y., and son of a British officer of 
 rank. They have one f;hild,William. Moses 
 M. Eidge, the only son of the doctor, resides 
 in Chester County, Pa. He is married to 
 Eebecca Chew, of New Jersey, and lias two 
 children, — Lucretia and Edna. William 
 Eidge, the youngest son, died at the age of 
 three years. 
 
 Daniel M. Stout was born in German- 
 town Pa., November 4, 1826 ; studied meili- 
 cine under the instruction of Dr. Charles D. 
 Hendry ; in 1844 he matriculatefl at Jeffer- 
 son Medical College, from which he obtained 
 the degree of Doctor of Medicine in 1847, 
 after which he began practice at Berlin and 
 in its vicinity, and still continues, being the 
 oldest practitioner in that region. 
 
 ErcHARD Cra.vb Dean was born at Har- 
 risburg. Pa., May 26, 1836. His father, 
 Dr. Alexander T. Dean, was a leading phy- 
 sician in that town. Dr. E. C. Dean receiv- 
 ed his education in the preparatory schools 
 
"^W: 
 
 -^^^^^ 
 
/^, c^^ ^^^^<^ 
 
^HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND MEDICAL MEN. 
 
 285 
 
 of his native place and then entered Yale 
 College, from which institution he graduated 
 and received his degree of A.M. He then 
 attended lectures at the Jefferson Medical 
 College and received from it his diploma in 
 1854. He located in Camden and practiced 
 his profession until 1856, when heentered the 
 United States Navy as assistant surgeon. 
 He had joined both the Camden County 
 and City Medical Societies and was secretary 
 of the former in 1855. After his appoint- 
 ment as a naval surgeon he was made an hon- 
 orary member of them. 
 
 Dr. Dean was rapidly promoted in the 
 medical corps of the navy. Six years after 
 his entrance into it he was appointed past 
 assistant surgeon, and in 1862 he was commis- 
 sioned surgeon. He served during the Civil 
 War as surgeon and fleet surgeon of the At- 
 lantic and other squadrons of the navy. In 
 1883 he was made a medical director, a posi- 
 tion he now holds. He is at present on duty 
 at the Naval College at Newport, R. I., as 
 professor of hygiene, and is also a member of 
 the Naval Examining Board at Washington, 
 
 D. C. In 1856 he marrifed Anna, daughter 
 of Dr. Isaac S. Mulford, of Camden. 
 
 Henry E. Beanin was born January 
 8, 1836, and obtained his general education 
 at the West Jersey Collegiate School at 
 Mount Holly, N. J., and at the New York 
 Conference Seminary, located at Charlottes- 
 ville, N. Y. He read medicine with Dr. A. 
 
 E. Budd, of Medford, N. J., commencing in 
 1855, and graduated from the Jefferson Med- 
 ical College, Philadelphia, in the year 1858. 
 He began practice in the spring of that year 
 at Blackwood and has remained there ever 
 since. 
 
 Dr. Branin became a member of the 
 Camden County and the New Jersey State 
 Medical Societies in 1860 and was elected 
 president of the former in 1862. In the 
 year 1879 he was appointed attending physi- 
 cian in charge of the Camden County Insane 
 Asylum and Almshouse, a position he still 
 34 
 
 retains. In 1881 a severe epidemic of ty- 
 phus fever broke out in the Almshouse, dur- 
 ing the continuance of which Dr. Branin 
 displayed so much courage, intrepidity and 
 professional skill, that the Camden County 
 Medical Society passed a series of resolutions 
 of approval of his services, which were 
 handsomely engrossed and presented to him. 
 Henry Genet Taylor was born July 
 6, 1837, at Charmanto, Rensselaer County, 
 near Troy, N. Y., at the residence of his 
 uncle. General Henry James Genet, the eld- 
 est son of " Citizen Genet," the first ambas- 
 sador of France to the United States, and 
 who married the daughter of Governor 
 George Clinton, of New York. The biog- 
 raphy of Dr. H. Genet Taylor's father. Dr. 
 Othniel H. Taylor, has been given previous- 
 ly. His mother, Evelina C . Burrough, be- 
 longed to an old Gloucester (now Camden) 
 County family, whose ancestors came from 
 England to Long Island and from thence to 
 West Jersey as early as 1693. After her 
 husband, Dr. O. H. Taylor, had located in 
 Camden, in 1844, Mrs. Taylor, by her pol- 
 ished manners, refined hospitality and Chris- 
 tian virtues, contributed much to favorably 
 mould for good the character of the cosmo- 
 politan population that were rapidly devel- 
 oping the town into a citj'. 
 
 Dr. Taylor, after attending preliminary 
 schools, completed his education at the Prot- 
 estant Episcopal Academy in Philadelphia, 
 and commenced the study of medicine under 
 his father. He attended medical lectures at 
 the University of Pennsylvania, from which 
 institution he graduated in 1860. He joined 
 the Camden County Medical Society in the 
 same year and in 1861 he was elected its sec- 
 retary, an office he still continues to hold, 
 temporarily vacating it in 1865 to become 
 president of the society. 
 
 Upon the outbreak of the Civil War he 
 joined the army and was commissioned Sep- 
 tember 14, 1861, assistant surgeon of the 
 Eighth Regiment of New Jersey Volunteers, 
 
286 
 
 HISTOKY OF CAMDEN COUNTS', NEW JEKSEY. 
 
 which was assigned to the Army of the Po- 
 tomac. During the Peninsular campaign he 
 was the only medical officer in his regiment 
 on field duty. After the battle of Second 
 Bull Run he remained for ten days within 
 the Confederate lines and brought his wound- 
 ed safely into "Washington. Subsequent to 
 the battle of Antietam he was detailed to the 
 artilleiy brigade of the Third Corps and 
 held the position of brigade-surgeon of the 
 artillery on the staffs respectively of Major- 
 Generals Hooker, French and Sickles, and 
 continued to fill this position until March 15, 
 1864, when he resigned in consequence of 
 the serious illness of his father. While in 
 the army he was present at and rendered 
 professional services in twenty -five battles 
 and minor engagements. 
 
 Upon his return home, Dr. Taylor re- 
 sumed the practice of medicine in Camden. 
 The first draft in Camden under the Con- 
 scription Act was ordered in June, 1864, and 
 Dr. Taylor was appointed assistant surgeon, 
 of the Board of Enrollment of the First Con- 
 gressional District of New Jersey, to assist 
 in examining recruits and drafted men for 
 the army. This office he held until the close 
 of the war, in 1865. 
 
 When the National Guard of New Jersey 
 was organized, the headquarters of the Sixth 
 Regiment was assigned to Camden, and in 
 the year 1869, Dr. Taylor was commissioned 
 surgeon of that regiment, a position he filled 
 until June, 1882, when he resigned. In the 
 year 1877 occurred the riots caused by the 
 strike of the railroad employes, when part 
 of the National Guard of New Jersey were 
 ordered to Phillipsburg, N. J., to protect the 
 property there ; Dr. Taylor was then appoint- 
 ed surgeon of the Provisional Brigade, upon 
 the staff of Major-General William J. Sew- 
 ell, commanding the brigade. 
 
 Dr. Taylor is a member of the Camden 
 County and City Medical Societies. He 
 Was one of the corporators of the Camden 
 City Dispensary and has been its secretary 
 
 since 1874. He is a member of the New 
 Jersey State Medical Society and is its sec- 
 ond vice-president. He is also a member of 
 the American Medical Association, Pennsyl- 
 vania Historical Society, New Jersey Sani- 
 tary Society and New Jersey Academy of 
 Medicine. He was president of the Board 
 of Pension Examining Surgeons, established 
 in Camden in 1884, and continued so until 
 a change in administration caused its reor- 
 ganization. He is physician-in-chief of the 
 Camden Home for Friendless Children. 
 Dr. Taylor married, on October 23, 1879, 
 Helen, daughter of Alexander and Hannah 
 C. Cooper, of Haddonfield, and granddaugh- 
 ter of the late Captain James B. Cooper, 
 United States Navy. 
 
 J. Gilbert Young, son of the late Rev. 
 Robert F. Young, of Haddonfield, was born 
 at Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia County, 
 Pa., June 21, 1840. He was educated 
 principally in the schools of his native 
 city, graduating both at the Central High 
 School and the University of Pennsylvania. 
 In the former institution he was at the head 
 of his class. He practiced medicine first 
 at South Camden, then at Gloucester City, 
 and subsequently at Haddonfield, where his 
 family resided. In 1866 he moved to Phila- 
 delphia, where he has since resided and prac- 
 ticed. The doctor became a member of the 
 Camden County Medical and New Jersey 
 State Medical Societies in 1863, and still re- 
 tains an honorary membership therein. He 
 is also a member of the Philadelphia County 
 Medical Society and of the American Acad- 
 emy of Medicine. 
 
 Alexander Margy was born at Cape 
 May, N. J., April 16, 1838; studied medi- 
 cine in 1858 with his father, Dr. S. S. 
 Marcy, and entered the Medical Department 
 of the University of Pennsylvania, from 
 which he was graduated in March, 1861. 
 He at once began to practice in Camden, 
 where he has since continued in his profes- 
 sion with great success. Of the physicians 
 
j^^:^^'^^^^^^^^^^^'''^ 
 
A HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND MEDICAL MEN. 
 
 287 
 
 in Camden in 1861, he and Dr. Ridge are 
 the only ones now practicing in the city. 
 
 Dr. Marcy became a member of the Cam- 
 den County Medical Society in 1864 and its 
 president in 1866. He is also a member of 
 the Camden City and State Medical Societies. 
 He was one of the corporators of the City Dis- 
 pensary and at present is president of its 
 board of managers. 
 
 Alexander M. Meceay was born at 
 Cape May, N. J., October 3, 1839. He 
 studied medicine with Dr. Alexander Marcy, 
 of Camden, and in 1861 entered the Medical 
 Department of the University of Pennsylva- 
 nia, from which he was graduated in March, 
 1863. He began practice in Cape May 
 Court-House, and in 1865 removed to Cam- 
 den, where he has since continuously prac- 
 ticed his profession. He first located in 
 South Camden, but in a few years removed 
 to his present residence in North Camden. 
 In 1867 he became a member of the Camden 
 County Medical Society, having previously 
 joined the City Medical Society, and was 
 elected president of the former in 1869 and 
 its treasurer in 1883, a position he still holds. 
 He is also a member of the State Medical 
 Society. 
 
 John R. Stevenson. — Cotemporary with 
 the arrival in West Jersey of the early emi- 
 grants from Europe, there was a migration of 
 Friends of English descent from Long Island 
 to the former. Among these settlers were 
 the Stevensons, whose ancestor, Thomas Ste- 
 venson, of London, England, had settled at 
 Southold, L. I., as early as 1644. His 
 grandchildren for the most part removed to 
 West Jersey, the first one locating at Bur- 
 lington in 1699. They became large land- 
 owners, both in New Jersey and Pennsylvania. 
 The unique circumstance that three of the 
 grandsons, brothers, married three sisters, 
 only children of Samuel Jenings, a man of 
 distinction, and the first Governor of West 
 Jersey, together with the fact that some of 
 them became active in public affairs, one of 
 
 them being a member of the first General 
 Assembly, has identified the name with the 
 early history of the State. 
 
 The connection of Dr. Stevenson's family 
 with the history of Camden County began 
 with his grandfather, Thomas Stevenson, who 
 was born September 6, 1765, at Am well, 
 Hunterdon County, whose paternal grand- 
 father had lived on the Jenings homestead, 
 near Burlington (still in possession of the 
 Stevensons) ; but, inheriting property in Hun- 
 terdon County, had removed to Amwell. 
 About 1790 Thomas Stevenson moved to 
 Haddonfield, and some years subsequently 
 purchased the farm and flour-mill property, 
 between Haddonfield and Ellisburg, known 
 as " Stevenson's Mill," recently purchased 
 by the Haddonfield Electric Light and Water 
 Company from which to supply Haddon- 
 field with pure spring water. In 1795 Thomas 
 Stevenson married Rebecca, daughter of 
 Captain Joseph Thorne, who resided in Had- 
 donfield, and had commanded the Second 
 Batbalion of Gloucester County Volunteers 
 (Camden and Gloucester were then one) in 
 the Army of the Revolution. Thomas Ste- 
 venson died at " Stevenson's Mill " Decem- 
 ber 2, 1852. 
 
 Samuel Stevenson, second son of Thomas, 
 born April 20, 1803, married. May 16,.1833, 
 Anna, daughter of John Rudderow, of what 
 is now the borough of Merchantville. The 
 latter gentleman was not of full military age 
 at the time of the Revolution, but he served 
 in the home guards, organized to protect 
 the county from the incursions of the British 
 during their occupation of Philadelphia. 
 Samuel Stevenson died at his residence in 
 Haddonfield July 23, 1835, leaving two 
 sons, one the subject of this sketch, and the 
 other Thomas Stevenson, born May 12, 1835, 
 who, on the outbreak of the Civil War, was 
 a resident of Camden, and engaged in the 
 wholesale drug business in Philadelphia. 
 Relinquishing his business, he entered the 
 army as second lieutenant in the Eighth New 
 
HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Jersey Regiment. He served in the Army 
 of the Potomac through the Peninsular cam- 
 paign, and was engaged in the battles of 
 Fredericksburg and Second Bull Run. He 
 rose to the rank of captain, but was killed 
 at the battle of Chancellorsville, May 3, 1863, 
 and was buried on the field of battle. 
 
 Dr. John R. Stevenson was born February 
 12, 1834. He and his brother Thomas were 
 educated in Philadelphia, graduating from 
 the High School. Both of them received 
 from it the two degrees of Bachelor and 
 " Master of Arts." John R. Stevenson, 
 selecting the profession of medicine, entered 
 the office of Dr. O. H. Taylor, of Camden, 
 as a student, and graduated at the University 
 of Pennsylvania in March, 1863. He imme- 
 diately commenced the practice of medicine 
 in Camden. 
 
 Upon the passage of the " Conscription 
 Act " by Congress, he was appointed by 
 President Lincoln, May 2, 1863, surgeon of 
 the Board of Enrollment of the First Congres- 
 sional District of New Jersey, then embracing 
 the six counties of Camden, Atlantic, Glouces- 
 ter, Salem, Cumberland and Cape May. This 
 office he held until the close of the war, in 
 1865. Dr. Stevenson, while a practitioner 
 in Camden, was a member of the Camden 
 City Medical Society and was its secretary 
 for two years, until his removal from the 
 city, in 1867. He was one of the corporators 
 of the Camden City Dispensary and was its 
 first secretary. In 1866 he was chairman of 
 the Medical Sanitary Committee, which suc- 
 cessfully resisted the last invasion of cholera 
 into Camden. Subsequently, in consequence 
 of impaired health, he removed to Haddon- 
 field, his present residence. 
 
 Dr. Stevenson is a member of the Camden 
 County Medical Society, New Jersey State 
 Medical Society, New Jersey Historical Soci- 
 ety and is a correspondent of the New York 
 Genealogical and Biographical Society. He 
 is a contributor to the publications of these 
 societies, to the press and to some of the 
 
 medical journals. He married Frances Strat- 
 ton, daughter of Hon. Charles Reeves, who 
 represented Camden and Gloucester Coun- 
 ties for nine years in the New Jersey Legis- 
 lature. 
 
 J. Oelando White was born in Atlan- 
 tic County, N. J., May 4, 1847 ; studied 
 medicine with Dr. Richard M. Cooper, of 
 Camden, in 1864, and was the only student 
 the doctor ever received in his office ; the 
 next year he entered the Medical Department 
 of the University of Pennsylvania, from 
 which he graduated in March, 1868, since 
 which time he has engaged in his profession 
 in Camden. 
 
 Dr. White joined the Camden County 
 Medical Society in 1870, and was elected its 
 president in the same year. He is also a mem- 
 ber of the State Medical Society and of the 
 Camden City Society. He was one of the 
 visiting physicians for the City Dispensary 
 during the earlier years of his practice in 
 Camden. 
 
 Henry A. M. Smith was born in Doyles- 
 town. Pa., July 30, 1839, and received his 
 academic education at private schools in his 
 native county. He began the study of medi- 
 cine with Dr. A. N. Cooper, of Bucks 
 County, Pa., and graduated at the Jefierson 
 Medical College, Philadelphia, in March, 
 1864. 
 
 Dr. Smith was in the United States service 
 for thirteen months, as acting assistant sur- 
 geon, connected with hospital duty, and in 
 1865 removed to Gloucester, where he has 
 since been actively engaged in practice. He 
 is a member of the District Medical Society 
 of the county of Camden. 
 
 John R. Hanby was born at Riegels- 
 ville, Bucks County, Pa., November 3, 1833. 
 He was sent to school at Bath, Northampton 
 County, and then to the Tuscarora Seminary, 
 at Academia, Juniata County, leaving which, 
 at seventeen years of age, he studied medi- 
 cine with Dr. S. Rosenberger, of French- 
 town, N. J., and entered Jefferson Medi- 
 
A HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND MEDICAL MEN. 
 
 289 
 
 cal College, Philadelphia, attending one 
 course, when he entered the Medical Depart- 
 ment of the University of Pennsylvania, 
 graduating in March, 1861. He practiced 
 at Ervenna, Pa., until 1870, when he came 
 to Camden. -Dr. Haney has served as presi- 
 dent of the Camden County Medical Society. 
 
 DiLWYN P. Pancoast was born at Mul- 
 lica Hill, N. J., March 11, 1836. He pur- 
 sued his medical studies under Dr. Alfred 
 Smith, of Yardleyville, one year, and enter- 
 ed the Medical Department of the Univer- 
 sity of Pennsylvania, from which he was 
 graduated in March, 1859, having graduated 
 in pharmacy the year previous. He began 
 • his practice at Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, 
 and, in 1863, entered into army service, 
 from which he retired in December, 1865; 
 practiced in Philadelphia until 1869, when 
 he moved to Camden, and now practices his 
 profession and also owns a drug-store. 
 
 Wilson H. Ireland was born in Atlan- 
 tic County July 27, 1845 ; studied medicine 
 with Dr. E. B. Richmond, of Millville, in 
 1863, and in 1864 became a student in the 
 Medical Department of the University of 
 Pennsylvania and was graduated in 1867, 
 after which he practiced in Millville and Di- 
 viding Creek, and in the fall of 1870 moved 
 to Camden. 
 
 He became connected with the Camden 
 County and City Medical Societies in the 
 same year, and at present he is president of 
 the former. He is also a member of the 
 State Medical Society. 
 
 Edwin Tomlinson was born in Had- 
 donfield, Camden County, N. J., on the 13th 
 of March, 1840. In 1858 he entered a drug- 
 store in Wilmington, Del., as clerk, and, in 
 1861, accepted the same position in the store 
 of H. C. Blair, of Philadelphia, graduating 
 at the School of Pharmacy in 1863. After 
 a brief interval in the West, he, in 1866, 
 came to Gloucester and engaged in the drug 
 business. He entered Jefferson Medical 
 College in 1870, and received his diploma 
 
 from that institution in 1872. He is a mem- 
 ber of the District Medical Society of the 
 County of Camden, and has filled the office 
 of president of that body. 
 
 Charles Hendry Shivers was born in 
 Haddonfield April 5, 1848. He was edu- 
 cated at the classical school of Professor Wil- 
 liam Fewsmith, in Philadelphia, and at the 
 University of Lewisburgh, Pa. He was 
 a student of medicine, under the instruction 
 of Dr. N. B. Jennings and Dr. L. J. Deal. 
 In 1809 he entered Jefferson Medical Col- 
 lege, from which he was graduated M.D. 
 in March, 1872, and at once began to prac- 
 tice in Haddonfield. In the succeeding year 
 he joined the Camden Medical Society, and 
 was elected its president in 1880. He is also 
 a member of the New Jersey State Medical 
 Society. Dr. Shivers is an occasional writer 
 for the papers and magazines, some of his 
 poems having been published in them. He 
 has an extensive practice in his section of 
 country. 
 
 Elijah B. Woolston belongs to an old 
 Burlington County family. He is the son of 
 Dr. Samuel and Ann Eead Woolston, and 
 was born at Vincentown, N". J., August 20, 
 1833. His mother was a daughter of Sam- 
 uel and Sylpha (Arnold) Eead, and her 
 mother was a sister of the late David Lan- 
 dreth's (David Landreth, of Philadelphia) 
 mother. The doctor was educated at the 
 academy in Pottsville, Pa., studied medicine 
 with his father, and graduated at the Uni- 
 versity of Pennsylvania in 1864, from which 
 institution the latter had received his med- 
 ical degree in 1827. After he had assisted 
 his father in his practice for two years in his 
 native place, he moved to Iowa and settled just 
 across the river from Omaha, Neb., and was 
 appointed by Governor Cummings, of the 
 latter Territory, surgeon of a brigade of 
 militia enlisted for service against thelndians. 
 In 1859 he located at Marlton, New Jersey, 
 and resumed his practice there. On Novem- 
 ber 14, 1860, he was commissioned by Gov- 
 
290 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 ernor Olden surgeon of the " First Division 
 Brigade " of New Jersey militia. When the 
 call for three months' troops was made by 
 the President, in 1861, he accompanied the 
 First Brigade, as surgeon of the Fourth Reg- 
 iment, to Virginia, and remained with it un- 
 til the expiration of its term of service. In 
 1862 he passed an examination before the 
 Special United States Medical Examining 
 Board in Philadelphia, and was assigned to 
 the United States Hospilal, in Beverly, N. J. 
 Soon afterwards he was promoted to be its 
 post-surgeon, a position he retained until the 
 close of the war. 
 
 He performed there successfully many dif- 
 ficult operations in surgery, which won for 
 him recognition as an unusually skillful man 
 in his profession. That the patients under 
 his care were deeply grateful to him for his 
 attention and appreciated his many kind- 
 nesses, as well as his professional ability, was 
 attested by their presenting him with a very 
 handsome case of instruments, which he 
 highly prizes. 
 
 In 1876 he removed to Delaware town- 
 ship, Camden County, and in the same year 
 joined its medical society, becoming its pres- 
 ident in 1885. 
 
 The doctor's activity is by no means con- 
 fined to his profession. He has taken a 
 great interest in the public schools, held the 
 office of township superintendent for many 
 years and since its abolishment has been a 
 trustee of the Marlton public schools. In 
 accordance with that public spirit which has 
 ever characterized him, he was one of the 
 originators and incorporators of the Phila- 
 delphia, Marlton and Medford Railroad 
 Company. 
 
 Dr. Woolston was united in marriage, 
 January 14, 1869, with Miss Rachael Ins- 
 keep Haines, daughter of Joshua S. and 
 Elizabeth Haines, a graduate of the Lewis- 
 burgh (Pa.) Seminary. Two children were 
 the offspring of this union, viz. : Mary E., 
 who graduated in 1886 from the Abbotsford 
 
 Seminary, Philadelphia, Pa., and J. Preston 
 Woolston. 
 
 Edmund L. B. Godpeey was born at 
 Tuckahoe, Cape May County, IV. J., Febru- 
 ary 21, 1850, and was a son of Judge H. W. 
 Godfrey. He took the degree of Ph.B. at 
 the New Jersey Institute (Hightstown) in 
 1872. Shortly afterwards he began to read 
 medicine with Dr. E. L. B. Wales, of Cape 
 May, and graduated as an M.D. from Jeffer- 
 son Medical College in 1875. He served as 
 house physician and house surgeon at the 
 Presbyterian Hospital, Philadelphia, and at 
 the Rhode Island Hospital, at Providence. 
 In 1876 he began the practice of his profes- 
 sion in Camden and has followed it uninter- • 
 ruptedly since. He is surgeon of the Cam- 
 den and Atlantic Railroad and of the Sixth 
 Regiment National Guards, a member of the 
 Board of Charities and of the Camden Dis- 
 pensary Board, vice-president of the New 
 Jersey Sanitary Association, a member of the 
 State Medical Society and of the City and 
 County Medical Societies, also of the Amer- 
 ican Medical Association and of the Inter- 
 national Congress (section of hygiene). He 
 has published a number of valuable articles 
 on the science of medicine, among which is 
 the " Discovery of Vaccination by Dr. Jen- 
 ner." 
 
 Thomas G. Rowand was born at Car- 
 penters Landing (now Mantua), N. J., April 
 27, 1829. He began the study of medicine 
 with Professor J. McClintock, and at the 
 same time entered the Philadelphia College 
 of Medicine, from which he graduated July 
 18, 1850. He practiced in several places 
 until 1852, when he located in Camden. In 
 1862 he was appointed assistant surgeon of 
 the Twenty-fourth Regiment (New Jersey), 
 and served about a year. Upon his return 
 he resumed practice, and, in 1872, opened 
 the drug-store in Camden which he still 
 owns. 
 
 Onan Bowman Gross was born at Eph- 
 rata, Lancaster County, Pa., February 19, 
 
/^^^^*»— -— /(i:\ ^-^-^9^-<^-^__ 
 
A HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND MEDICAL MEN. 
 
 291 
 
 1851, and is a lineal descendant, in the fifth 
 generation, of George Gross, who, about 
 1747, emigrated from Germany to North 
 Carolina. During the JRevolution he moved 
 to Pennsylvania and settled at Ephrata, and 
 there founded a family, which has since be- 
 come prominent and influential in Lancaster 
 County. John Gross, born 1778, in 1803 
 married Polly Wright, born 1784, daughter 
 of John Wright, who was the only one of 
 the- doctor's ancestors not Germans. He 
 was from Ireland, and, coming to America 
 some time prior to the Revolution (prob- 
 ably about 1760), served through that 
 war as a Continental soldier and came 
 out as colonel. He was the great-grandfather 
 of our subject. Jacob L. Gross, the father 
 of the doctor, born in 1825, and now a resi- 
 dent of Camden, was admitted a member of 
 the Lancaster County bar, practiced the pro- 
 fession of the law for a number of years at 
 Lancaster, and, during the years 1854-55, 
 was a member of the Pennsylvania Legisla- 
 ture, and for a time brigadier-general of the 
 militia of the counties of Lancaster and 
 Chester. He was married, in 1849, to 
 Hannah B. Bowman, of Ephrata, born in 
 1825, a representative of a prominent family 
 who belong to the German Baptist denomi- 
 nation of Christians, and who are highly 
 honored and respected for their industry and 
 integrity. Daniel Bowman, the pioneer of 
 the family in America, came from Germany 
 in 1738 and settled at Ephrata, Lancaster 
 County, Pa. 
 
 Dr. O. B.Gross spent the time of childhood 
 and youth in the vicinity of his birth- 
 place ; attended the Ephrata Academy until 
 the age of seventeen years ; he was then 
 thrown upon his own resources and was in- 
 vited to learn the carpenter's trade. Having 
 completed the term of apprenticeship, he con- 
 tinued his avocation five years as a journey- 
 man, during which time, by strict economy 
 and judicious care, he earned sufficient money 
 to jiay the college fees, and, therefore, in 
 
 1875, entered the Medical Department of 
 the University of Pennsylvania, and was 
 graduated from that institution in 1878, after 
 a full three years' course. His preceptors, 
 during his attendance on the lectures, were 
 Drs. Eeynell Coates and Professor Henry 
 C. Chapman. During the years from Sep- 
 tember, 1876, to March, 1878, he held the 
 position of assistant demonstrator of anat- 
 omy in the university, being the only medi- 
 cal student at that time awarded with such 
 an honor. This position gave him excellent 
 advantages, which have been of invaluable 
 service to him in the regular practice 
 of his profession. On March 5, 1878, he 
 received a handsome gold medal, being the 
 H. Lenox Hodge prize, awarded him for 
 skill in dissecting and for anatomical demon- 
 stration. 
 
 Immediately after completing his medical 
 course at the university. Dr. Gross located in 
 Camden, at 407 Arch Street, where he has 
 since met with excellent success in general 
 practice, and at times devoting special atten- 
 tion to siirger}'. In 1884, under the Arthur 
 admiuistration, he wasappoiateda member of 
 the United States Pension Examining Board 
 of Surgeons, and continues in that position 
 under the Cleveland administration. He is 
 a member of the Pathological Society of 
 Philadelphia, of the American Medical Asso- 
 ciation, of the New Jersey State Medical So- 
 ciety, and of the Camden District Medical 
 Society, and a member of the board of 
 managers of Camden City Dispensary ; is 
 examining surgeon for Enterprise Lodge, 
 No. 12, Ancient Order of United Work- 
 men, and during the years 1883-84 was 
 special district sanitary inspector of the 
 State Board of Health. In 1884 he was 
 elected by the Camden Board of Freeholders 
 county physician for a term of three years. 
 
 Dr. Gross was married, in 1877, to Miss 
 Fannie A. Coates, daughter of John 
 and Rebecca Coates, of Camden. They 
 have one living child, Marion, born in 1884, 
 
292 
 
 HISTOKY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEKSEY. 
 
 their first-born, — " twin-boys," — and a subse- 
 quent child, also a boy, having died as in- 
 fants. 
 
 E. J. Snitch ER was born near Salem, Sa- 
 lem County, N. J., August 1, 1849, and in 
 1872-73-74 studied medicine with Dr. N. S. 
 Davis, of Chicago ; during the same time was 
 a student in the Chicago Medical College, 
 from which he was graduated in March, 
 1874, after which he located in Camden. He 
 joined the Camden County and New Jersey 
 State Medical Societies in 1876. 
 
 D. W. Blake is a native of Philadelphia. 
 He was educated at the academy of Professor 
 Terrill, in Maryland, and began the study of 
 medicine with Dr. Stuart, of Philadelphia. 
 He graduated at the Jefferson Medical Col- 
 lege in March, 1876, and settled at Glouces- 
 ter in the practice of his profession. He is 
 also engaged in the drug business at this 
 point. The doctor is a member of the 
 District Medical Society of the County of 
 Camden. 
 
 William A. Davis was born in Frederica, 
 Kent County, Delaware, December 7, 1850. 
 He began the study of medicine in 1872 under 
 Dr. John R. Haney, of Camden. After com- 
 pleting his preparatory studies he entered the 
 Medical Department of the University of 
 Pennsylvania and was graduated March, 1876, 
 and then began to practice in Camden. He 
 later entered Jefferson Medical College, and 
 was graduated in March, 1882. 
 
 DowLiNG Benjamin is a native of Balti- 
 more, Md., where he was born January 23, 
 1849. He began the study of pharmacy in 
 Chester, Pa., in 1867, and in 1872, as a med- 
 ical student, entered the office of Dr. J. H. 
 Jamar, of Port Deposit, Md., and in the 
 spring of 1874 he became a student of Dr. 
 J. M. Ridge, of Camden. In October fol- 
 lowing he entered the Medical Department 
 of the University of Pennsylvania, and was 
 graduated Avith the highest honors March 12, 
 1877. 
 
 In 1876 he was chosen delegate from the 
 
 Camden Pharmaceutical Society to the Amer- 
 ican Association, and has represented this 
 county society in State, national and inter- 
 national societies. On August 27, 1879, he 
 was elected a member of the Academy of Nat- 
 ural Sciences. After his graduation, in 1877, 
 he began to practice medicine in Camden. 
 He has also conducted a drug-store for a num- 
 ber of years. 
 
 J. Fkancis Walsh was born of American 
 parents in Florence, Italy, April 22, 1855. 
 He began the study of medicine, in 1872, 
 with Dr. W. W. Keen, of Philadelphia, and; 
 at the same time entered the Medical Depart- 
 ment of the University of Pennsylvania, and 
 was graduated in March, 1876. For a year 
 and a half he served in the hospitals and dis- 
 pensaries of Philadelphia, and in November, 
 1878, moved to Camden. 
 
 Samuel B. Irwin was born at the Pleas- 
 ant Grove Iron Works, New London town- 
 ship, Chester County, Pa., November 7, 1821. 
 He began the study of medicine, in 1841, 
 with Dr. D. Hayes Agnew. In 1842 he 
 came to Philadelphia and entered Jefferson 
 Medical College, under Professor Joseph 
 Pancoast, from which he was graduated 
 March 2, 1844. He attended the first course 
 of lectures of the Philadelphia Medical As- 
 sociation in 1843. He began practice, in 1849, 
 at the Rising Sun, Montgomery County, Pa., 
 and, in 1866, moved to Burlington County, 
 N. J., where he continued in practice until 
 1872, when he was placed in charge of the 
 Government Mercantile Marine Service, and 
 served until the spring of 1876. The same 
 year he removed to Camden, where he has 
 since practiced. 
 
 William H. Iszaed was born in Clay- 
 ton, Gloucester County, N. J., April 27,1842. 
 He enlisted in the service of the United States 
 as a medical cadet in 1862, and was stationed 
 at the hospital on Broad Street, Philadelphia. 
 In the fall of 1863 he entered Jefferson Med- 
 ical College, and after taking two courses of 
 lectures he withdrew on account of ill health. 
 
A HISTOKY OF MEDICINE AND MEDICAL MEN. 
 
 293 
 
 Upon recovering, he continued his studies, 
 and obtained his medical degree in March, 
 1870, and then began to practice in Elmer, 
 Salem County, N. J. In 1877 he removed 
 to Camden. He is an ex-president of the 
 Gloucester County Medical Society, and is 
 now district sanitary inspector for the State 
 Board of Health. 
 
 C. M. ScHBLLiJSTGEE was born at Cape 
 May November 14, 1848. He studied med- 
 icine under the instruction of Dr. Alexander 
 M. Mecray, of Camden, and in 1876 entered 
 Jefferson Medical College, from which he 
 was graduated in March, 1879, since which 
 time he has practiced in Camden. In 1881 
 he joined the Camden County and City Med- 
 ical Societies, and also the New Jersey State 
 Medical Society. 
 
 Heney H. Davis was born at Crosswicks, 
 N. J., August 16, 1848. He became a stu- 
 dent of medicine in the ofBce of Dr. Alex- 
 ander Mecray in 1867; entered Jefferson 
 Medical College the fall of the same year, 
 and from which he was graduated in March, 
 1869. He completed a course in pharmacy 
 at the same time, and began the practice of 
 medicine in Camden. In 1874 he opened a 
 drug-store, and has conducted it in connection 
 with his profession. In 1881 he joined the 
 Camden County and ("ity Medical Societies, 
 and also the State Medical Society. 
 
 John W. Donges, druggist, physician 
 and surgeon, of Camden, was born at 
 Stouchsburg, Berks County, Pa., September 
 18, 1844. His grandfather, Jacob Donges, 
 emigrated from Germany shortly after the 
 Eevolutionary War, and settled in Berks 
 County. His father, whose name was also 
 Jacob, was married to Sarah Burkholder, and 
 for many years carried on the shoemaking 
 business in Stouchsburg, employing a num- 
 ber of workmen, and also conducting a shoe- 
 store. The childhood and youth of Doctor 
 DoBges were spent in the village where he 
 was born. He first attended a private school, 
 taught by his sisters, and afterwards spent 
 
 about three years as a student in the Stouchs- 
 burg Academy, then taught by Mr. Thomas 
 S. Searle. At the age of fourteen years he 
 secured a position as clerk in a drug-store at 
 Minersville, Schuylkill County, Pa. When 
 seventeen years of age he enlisted in Com- 
 pany H, of the One Hundred and Twenty- 
 ninth Eegiment of Pennsylvania Volunteers, 
 in the nine months' service, and, with his 
 regiment, was assigned to the Army of the 
 Potomac, under General McClellan. His 
 regiment was present at the battle of Antie- 
 tam only a few weeks after enlistment, but 
 was not drawn actively into the engagement. 
 In the battle of Fredericksburg, in the early 
 part of December, 1862, the One Hundred 
 and Twenty-ninth Regiment was brought 
 into the thickest of the fight, and, whilst 
 charging the enemy. Dr. Donges received a 
 dangerous wound by the explosion of a shell, 
 causing a compound fracture of the skull.. 
 He was then sent to the hospital for surgical 
 treatment, and, owing to entire disability for 
 further military duty, caused by the wound, 
 was discharged from the service on January 
 8, 1863. He soon afterward returned to 
 Minersville, where he resumed his former 
 occupation in the drug business. While here 
 he began the study of medicine under Dr. 
 Theodore Helwig, a prominent physician of 
 Minersville. After a year he returned to 
 his home in Stouchsburg, and there continued 
 his studies under Dr. James A. Fisher. In 
 1864 he entered the Medical Department of 
 the University of Pennsylvania, and was 
 graduated with the class of 1866. In the 
 following August he began the practice of 
 medicine at Donaldson, Schuylkill County, 
 Pa., and continued it uninterruptedly for 
 nine years, having there acquired a large 
 practice. Ill health, caused by over-work, 
 induced him to think of discontinuing active 
 practice and engage in the drug business. 
 In 1875 he purchased the drug-store, which 
 he has since owned and conducted, at the cor- 
 ner of Broadway and Ferry Avenue, in 
 
294 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY- 
 
 Camden, where he now has a large and in- 
 creasing practice. 
 
 Dr. Donges is a member of the Schuylkill 
 County Medical Society, the Camden City 
 and County Medical Society, the New Jersey 
 State Medical Society and the American 
 Medical Association. 
 
 In 1878 Dr. Donges was elected a member 
 of the City Council from the Eighth Ward, 
 which, at the general elections, is strongly 
 Republican. On this occasion, however, it 
 gave the doctor a handsome majority as the 
 Democratic candidate, and he served six years 
 consecutively as a member of Council, and was 
 president of that body during the year 1883. 
 During the year 1879, when the small-pox 
 prevailed to an alarming extent in Camden, 
 he was a member of the sanitary committee. 
 For his efficiency as an executive officer and 
 as attending physician — free of charge — when 
 the unfortunate people were stricken with 
 that loathsome disease, the City Council unan- 
 imously passed the following resolutions : 
 
 "Council Chamber, City Hall. 
 
 " Camden, April 28, 1881. 
 
 " At a stated meeting of City Council, held on the 
 above date, it was unanimously 
 
 " Besolved, That a committee of three be ap- 
 pointed to draft suitable resolutions conveying the 
 thanks of this body to J. W. Donges, M.D., for 
 special services rendered as a member of the Cam- 
 den Board of Health, during the prevalence of 
 small-pox in our city in the fall of 1879-80. 
 
 " The committee reported the following, which 
 was unanimously adopted: 
 
 " Whereas, The citizens of this community, 
 through their representatives, having expressed an 
 earnest desire that a token of public appreciation 
 should be extended to J. W. Donges, M.D , for the 
 fearless and faithful discharge of his duties as a 
 member of the board of Health, be it therefore 
 
 " Resolved, That the sincere and heartfelt thanks 
 of this body and community are hereby extended 
 to J. W. Donges, M.D.. member of City Council 
 from the Eighth Ward, and member of the Board 
 of Health, for his indefatigable, self-sacrificing and 
 successful efforts to obliterate the loathsome dis- 
 ease that infested our city. 
 
 " Besolved, That to his valuable assistance and 
 wise' professional judgment is due the successful 
 
 eiTorts of the board in preventing a wide-spread 
 epidemic, and placing practical safeguards against 
 a recurrence of the disease for years to come. 
 
 " Besolved, That his exceptional care and pro- 
 vision for the comfort of the public patients com- 
 mands their gratitude in a manner that words are 
 inadequate to express. 
 
 " J. P. MiCHELLON, 
 
 " President City Council. 
 "Frank F. Michellon, 
 " Clerh City Council. 
 
 " Alex. J. Milliette, ) 
 
 " H. T. Rose, [ Committee." 
 
 " T. P. Pfeiffer, ) 
 
 On December 22, 1866, Dr. Donges was 
 married to Miss Rose Renoud, of Philadel- 
 phia. Dr. and Mrs. Donges have five chil- 
 dren, — Miriam E,, Clarence B., Raymond 
 R., Evelyn L. and Ralph W. E. 
 
 Ellis P. Townsend was born at Kennett, 
 Chester County, Pa., May 27, 1835. He 
 was a student of medicine under his father, 
 Dr. W. W. Townsend, and in 1860 entered 
 Jefferson Medical College, and was graduated 
 in March, 1863. He served one year in the 
 army as assistant surgeon, after which he 
 practiced medicine in Beverly, N. J., from 
 1864 until September, 1883, when he came 
 to Camden. While a practitioner in the 
 former place, he published the County Prac- 
 titioner, a medical journal, that was afterward 
 discontinued. He was formerly a member of 
 the Burlington County Medical Society, but 
 transferred his membership to the Camden 
 County Society in 1883. 
 
 Howard F. Palm is a native of Orwiga- 
 burg, Pa., where he was born March 22, 
 1855. He studied medicine with his father. 
 Dr. J. P. Palm, and entered Jefferson Medi- 
 cal College in 1879; was graduated March 
 12, 1881, and March 31, 1881, from the 
 Philadelphia School of Anatomy, and then 
 located as a practitioner in Camden. 
 
 Conrad G. Hoell was born in Camden 
 May 25, 1860. After obtaining a prepara- 
 tory education, he entered the College of 
 Pharmacy, in Philadelphia, graduating in 
 1880. Tn the same vear he became a medi- 
 
V- "\^' 
 
A HISTOEY OF MEDICINE AND MEDICAL MEN. 
 
 295 
 
 cal student in the office of Dr. J. M. Eidge, 
 and in the spring of 1881 entered the Med- 
 ical Department of the University of Penn- 
 sylvania, and was graduated in March, 1882. 
 He then located in Camden, and soon after- 
 ward purchased a drug-store on Federal 
 Street, which he now conducts in connection 
 with his medical practice. He became a 
 member of the Camden County Medical So- 
 ciety in 1884. 
 
 A. T. DoBSON, Jr., was born at Cape 
 May, N. J., July 7, 1858; entered the Medi- 
 cal Department of the University of Penn- 
 sylvania as a student in 1879, and was grad- 
 uated in March, 1882. After eight months' 
 practice in Luzerne County, Pa., he removed 
 to and located in Camden. In the year 1884 
 he joined the Camden City and County and 
 State Medical Societies. 
 
 P. W. Bealb was born on the hanks of the 
 Wissahickon, Pa., May 23, 1865. In 1872- 
 73 he studied medicine under Professor E. L. 
 Wallace, and from 1873 to 1876 he studied 
 under Professor John Brinton, and at the 
 same time was a student in Jefferson Medical 
 College, from which he was graduated in 
 March, 1876. He practiced in the hospitals 
 for a year, and in the city of Philadelphia 
 four years, and in the spring of 1881 located 
 in Camden. He was elected coroner in 1884. 
 He became a member of the Camden County 
 Medical Society in 1884. 
 
 Daniel Steock was born in Flemington, 
 N. J., on September 6, 1851. He began the 
 study of medicine, in 1874, under Dr. Charles 
 Geissler, of Philadelphia, and at the same 
 time entered Jefferson Medical College, from 
 which he was graduated in March, 1877. He 
 practiced in Philadelphia until October, 1880, 
 when became to Camden. 
 
 Joseph H. Wills was born near Mount 
 Holly, N. J., March 13, 1844. He studied 
 medicine with Dr. Samuel Ashhurst, of Phila- 
 delphia, and attended lectures in the Medi- 
 cal Department of the University of Penn- 
 sylvania in 1877, and was graduated in 
 
 March, 1880, after which he was engaged 
 in the Orthopedic and Pennsylvania Hos- 
 pitals until November 1, 1883, when he 
 located in Camden. 
 
 William Waenock, a native of Burling- 
 ton, N. J., was born June 29, 1858. He 
 studied pharmacy for a term of three years, 
 and in 1877 entered the Medical Department 
 of the University of Pennsylvania, from which 
 he was graduated in March, 1880. He was 
 engaged one year as physician in the Penn- 
 sylvania Hospital, and was surgeon two years 
 for the " Red Star Line " of ocean steamers. 
 In August, 1883, he located to practice his 
 profession in Camden. 
 
 James A. Wamslby was born in Glou- 
 cester County, N. J., on 19th of April, 1851. 
 He received his education at the neighbor- 
 ing schools, and entered Jefferson Medical 
 College in the fall of 1876, graduating in 
 1878. He first located at Alloway, Salem 
 County, N. J., and remained two years, re- 
 moving from thence to Southwestern Illinois. 
 Dr. Wamsley made Gloucester his home in 
 1877, where he has since been engaged in 
 active practice, as also in the management of 
 a drug-store. He has for seven consecutive 
 years filled the office of city physician of 
 Gloucester. 
 
 D. Hedding Baetine, is of Huguenot 
 descent, and the great-grandson of Jean 
 Bartine, who, after his emigration from 
 France to Holland, came to America, settled 
 in New Rochelle and became Governor of 
 the province. Among his children was a 
 son, David, who became noted as a minister 
 of unusual classical attainments, who mar- 
 ried a Miss Newell, to whom was born a 
 son, David W., at the old homestead, Prince- 
 ton, N. J. 
 
 He attained distinction, both as a doctor 
 of divinity and doctor of medicine. By his 
 marriage to Amelia, daughter of Richard 
 Stout, of Ocean County, N. J., the following 
 children were born : Richard S., Helen 
 (late Mrs. George Batchelder), Louisa (wife 
 
296 
 
 HISTOKY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEKSEY.. 
 
 of Dr. Lewis Redding, of Trenton), S. 
 Hedding, Amelia (late Mrs. Charles Hall), 
 Anna (deceased), Laura (wife of the late 
 Lieutenant Slack, United States Navy), Jen- 
 nie (now Mrs. James Macnider, of Brook- 
 lyn) and Joseph. 
 
 David Hedding Bartine, the second son, 
 was born November 7, 1841, at Morristown, 
 N. J., and, after an academic course at Har- 
 risburg and Lancaster, Pa., removed to 
 Philadelphia, entering the University of 
 Pennsylvania in the autumn of 1859. 
 
 He graduated in 1862, and, subsequently 
 joining the staff of St. Joseph's Hospital, re- 
 mained at that institution for six months. He 
 then entered the army as assistant surgeon of 
 the One Hundred and Fourteenth Regiment 
 Pennsylvania Volunteers, or Coll is Zouaves. 
 After an active service of one year and nine 
 months, he was detached and assigned to 
 duty at General Meade's headquarters, Army 
 of the Potomac, as attending surgeon. In 
 August, 1864, he was promoted to the full 
 rank of major, and assigned to duty as sur- 
 geon of the Second Veteran Artillery, Penn- 
 sylvania Volunteers. On the surrender of 
 General Lee, Dr. Bartine was placed as sur- 
 geon in charge of the Fair-Ground United 
 States General Hospital, at Petersburg, 
 Va., and remained on duty until he was dis- 
 charged, February 18, 1866. He then re- 
 sumed the life of a civilian, locating in 
 Merchantville, N. J., and engaged in the 
 pursuit of his profession. His practice, 
 which is of a general character, is not con- 
 fined to the immediate locality of his resi- 
 dence, but extends to Camden and Philadel- 
 phia. He has devoted much attention to 
 diseases of the throat, and his skill in that 
 branch of practice, with his thorough knowl- 
 edge of the profession as a whole, have 
 placed him in the leading rank among the 
 physicians of the county. 
 
 Dr. Bartine is prominently identified with 
 the public interests of the county, especially 
 those pertaining to its sanitary condition. 
 
 He is president of the Board of Health of 
 the borough of Merchantville and an active 
 Odd-Fellow, being a member of Amity 
 Lodge, No. 166, of Merchantville. 
 
 Dr. Bartine was married, February 21, 
 1865, to Miss Clementine, daughter of the 
 late John Hanna, Esq., one of the oldest 
 members of the Philadelphia bar. May H. 
 is their only child. 
 
 Louis Hatton was born of Friends 
 (Quaker) parentage, in Delaware County, 
 Pa., in the year 1834. He received his pre^ 
 liminary education in the schools of that 
 county ; remained on his father's farm, with 
 his parents, until 1850. He was placed by 
 his father as an apprentice to learn the car- 
 penter trade, under the care, instruction and 
 guardianship of George Chandler, of Phila- 
 delphia, an exemplary member of the Society 
 of Friends. He completed his apprentice- 
 ship in 1854 ; continued to work at the car- 
 penter business, and by industry, frugality 
 and close study of the preliminary branches 
 of medical education during hours of work 
 at the bench, and at other times, succeeded in 
 accumulating sufficient pecuniary meansand 
 medical knowledge to commence the regular 
 study of medicine, under the tuition of Isaac 
 Lee, M.D., of Westchester, Pa., in 1857; 
 continued to study under Mr. Lee until 1859 ; 
 matriculated in thePenn Medical College, of 
 Philadelphia, Pa., and graduated in 1861 ; 
 commenced the practice of medicine in Cam- 
 den in that year. He married Anna F. 
 Sharp, daughter of Jacob W. Sharp, of 
 Camden, in 1863 ; lost his wife, by consump- 
 tion, in 1864 ; married Laura V. Foulks, 
 daughter of Rev. William Foulks (1868), by 
 whom two children have been born, — Carrie 
 and Horace. 
 
 Joseph E. Hueff was born September 14, 
 1856, at Turnerville, N. J. ; obtained his pre- 
 paratory education in the schools of his native 
 town and at the Blackwood Academy ; he 
 then for three years attended Pierce's Busi- 
 ness College, in Philadelphia. In 1875 he 
 
A HISTOEY OF MEDICINE AND MEDICAL MEN. 
 
 297 
 
 became a student of medicine under the in- 
 struction of Dr. Henry E. Brannin, of Black' 
 ^vood, entered Jefferson Medical College in 
 1879, was graduated in 1881, and immedi- 
 ately thereafter established himself in the 
 practice of his profession in Blackwood. 
 . James H. Stanton was born in the State 
 of Maryland July 9, 1837. After obtaining 
 a preparatory education, he began the study 
 of medicine under the instruction of his uncle, 
 Dr. W. E. Bonwill. Entering the Medical 
 Department of the University of Pennsyl- 
 vania, he completed the course and was grad- 
 uated in the year 1869. He established him- 
 self in practice in Philadelphia immediately 
 after graduation, and continued in his pro- 
 fession there until 1883, when he located in 
 Camden, and has since followed his profession 
 in that city. 
 
 James G. Stanton, son of Dr. James H. 
 Stanton, was born in Delaware April 15, 
 1860; studied medicine with his father, en- 
 tered Jefferson Medical College, and after 
 his graduation, in March, 1881, he began to 
 practice in Camden. 
 
 Howard G. Bonwill was born near 
 Dover, Kent County, Del., in 1862. He 
 studied medicine with Dr. J. H. Stanton, 
 and entered Jefferson Medical College, from 
 which he was graduated in April, 1886, and 
 then began to practice in Camden. 
 
 Samuel T. Banes was born in South- 
 amptonville, Bucks County, Pa., April 16, 
 1846. He studied medicine in 1867, under 
 the direction of Dr. Charles T. Seary, of 
 Philadelphia, and the three succeeding years 
 in the office of Dr. Gordon, of the same city. 
 He completed his studies at the Medical De- 
 partment of the University of Pennsylvania, 
 and was graduated M.D. in March, 1872. 
 In 1873 he located in the city of Camden, 
 Avhere he has since practiced. 
 
 Isaac N. Hugg was born August 24, 
 1840, on Timber Creek, Gloucester County. 
 He was educated in the public schools, and 
 on the breaking out of the Civil War, en- 
 
 tered the Union army as lieutenant, was 
 promoted to captain, and served to the close 
 in the Thirty-fourth Regiment New Jersey 
 Yolunteers. In 1867 he turned his atten- 
 tion to medicine, with Washington J. Duffy, 
 M.D., of Philadelphia, as preceptor, and en- 
 tered the Philadelphia University of Medi- 
 cine and Surgery and graduated in 1869, and 
 in July of that year came to Camden, where 
 he has since practiced his profession. 
 
 John Steadley was born in Frederica, 
 Del., December 3, 1828, and was educated at 
 the schools near his home. He began the 
 study of medicine with Dr. Albert Whiteley, of 
 the same place, and graduated from the Ver- 
 mont Medical College, at Woodstock, Vt., in 
 1852. He then acted as surgeon on board 
 a vessel running to Liverpool, and also made 
 a voyage to Australia in the same capacity. 
 In 1862 Dr. Stradley engaged in practice 
 and opened a drug-store in Philadelphia. In 
 1874 he removed to Gloucester, resumed his 
 business as a druggist and began an office 
 practice, since abandoned. 
 
 Ezra Comly was born at Byberry Sep- 
 tember 17, 1840 ; studied medicine with his 
 father, Dr. Isaac Comly, entered the Medical 
 Department of the University of Pennsylva- 
 nia, and was graduated therefrom in March, 
 1862. He practiced in his native place until 
 November, 1885, when he removed to Cam- 
 den. . 
 
 H. H. Sheek, a native of Lebanon, Pa., 
 established a drug-store in Wrightsville in 
 1876, and in 1884 entered Jefferson Medical 
 College and graduated in May, 1886. He 
 now conducts the drug-store and follows his 
 profession. 
 
 Geo. H. Jones, a native of Philadelphia, 
 was born February 2, 1830. He was grad- 
 uated from the Medical Department of the 
 University of the City of New York in 
 March, 1870. After practice in several 
 places, he located in Camden in February, 
 1883, 
 
 Mrs. Jennie Eickards was born at Ja- 
 
298 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEESEY. 
 
 maica, L. I., March 23, 1850, and began 
 the study of medicine under Dr. Joseph 
 Hearn, of Philadelphia, in 1876 ; entered 
 the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylva- 
 nia, in Philadelphia, in 1878, when, after two 
 years' study, in 1880, she entered the Eclectic 
 Medical Collage of Philadelphia, and was 
 graduated in March, 1882. She practiced 
 medicine under Dr. Hearn before graduation, 
 and since then has practiced medicine in 
 Camden. 
 
 Mrs. Sophia Presley is a native of Ire^ 
 land, came to this country when a child, 
 with her parents, and in 1876 became a stu- 
 dent in the Women's Medical College of 
 Pennsylvania, in Philadelphia, and was 
 graduated in 1879; practiced one year in the 
 Hospital for Women and Children, and in 
 1881 located in Camden. She was appointed 
 instructor of surgery in the Women's Hos- 
 pital in 1880 and held the position three 
 years, and from 1881 to 1884 was clinic 
 physician. Since the death of Dr. I. Mul- 
 ford she has been physician in charge of the 
 West Jersey Orphanage for colored chil- 
 dren. 
 
 William Shafer, a native of Leesburg, 
 Va., was born Februaiy 14, 1853, and stud- 
 ied medicine in his native place with Dr. E. 
 H. Mott. He entered Jeijerson Medical 
 College in the fall of 1881, from which he 
 was graduated in March, 1884. He com- 
 pleted a course of pharmacy in 1880, and 
 then established himself in the drug busi- 
 ness in Camden. 
 
 William E. Powell was born in Eng- 
 land April 22, 1855 ; studied medicine in 
 Canada and engaged in the drug business in 
 that province. In 1874 he came to Philadel- 
 phia and entered the Philadelphia College of 
 Pharmacy and Jefferson Medical College. 
 He was graduated from the former in March, 
 1875, and from the latter in March, 1877. 
 He began practice in Philadelphia and re- 
 moved to Camden in January, 1886. He 
 was appointed assistant of the Out-Patient 
 
 Medical Department of Jefferson Medical 
 College Hospital May 28, 1886. 
 
 William S. Jones was born at Elmer, 
 Salem County, N. J., January 16, 1856. He 
 began his medical studies under J. S. Whita- 
 ker, of Millville, N. J., in 1875, and the 
 next year entered Jefferson Medical College, • 
 from which he was graduated Doctor of Medi- 
 cine in March, 1878, and practiced in Mill- 
 ville until the fall of 1885, when he moved 
 to Camden, where he now resides. He is 
 also assistant physician of the Laryngologi- 
 cal Department of Jefferson Medical College 
 Hospital. 
 
 Lawrence L. Glover was born in Cam- 
 den. He studied medicine under Dr. T. 
 J. Smith, of Bridgeton, and Prof. Wallace, 
 of Philadelphia, and entered Jefferson Medi- 
 cal College in the fall of 1879, from which 
 he was graduated in May, 1882. He began 
 practice in Salem, and in April, 1885, re- 
 moved to Haddonfield, where he is now in 
 practice. 
 
 E. R. Smiley was born in the city of 
 Philadelphia, having descended from a 
 family of physicians, being a grandson of the 
 well-known Dr. Thomas Smiley, of Phila- 
 delphia. He was graduated from the Phila- 
 delphia High School and entered the drug- 
 store of P. S. Reed, in West Philadelphia, in 
 1868, graduating in pharmacy. He entered 
 Jefferson Medical College in 1874, from which 
 he was graduated in 1880, taking a prize for 
 • an essay on obstetrics, which branch of the 
 profession he now practices as a specialty. 
 After graduating, he came to Camden, and 
 entered into a partnership with Dr. W. A. 
 Davis, in the drug business, and in 1885 he 
 established a drug-store. 
 
 N. Davis, a native of Kent County, Del., 
 was graduated from the Philadelphia College 
 of Pharmacy in 1878, and in 1882 opened a 
 drug-store in Camden. In 1883 he entered 
 the office of Dr. W- A. Davis as a medical 
 student, and in the fall of the same year en- 
 tered Jefferson Medical College, and after 
 
A HISTOEY OF MEDICINE AND MEDICAL MEN. 
 
 299 
 
 graduatiDg in 1886 has conducted both the 
 drug-store and his medical practice. 
 
 John H. Sutton was born in JSTewton, 
 N. J., March 23, 1856, and in 1873 began 
 the study of medicine with Dr. Jonathan 
 Hoven, in his native place. In 1874 he 
 entered the College of Physicians and Sur- 
 geons in New York City, from which he 
 was graduated in 1877, and began practice 
 in Newark, N, J., and continued there until 
 1880, when he removed to Camden. 
 
 William C. Eattghley, a native of Kent 
 County, Del., was born November 21, 1857. 
 He studied medicine with Dr. A. H. Bishop, 
 of Dover, Del., and entered the Medical De- 
 partment of the University of Pennsylvania, 
 from which he was graduated in May, 1884, 
 and then began practice in Berlin. 
 
 GuiLFOBD GuNTER was born in Fred- 
 erickton, N. B., March 22, 1858 ; studied 
 medicine 'in Canada ; entered the Medical 
 Department of the University of Pennsyl- 
 vania in 1878, and from that institution re- 
 ceived his medical degree in 1880. He en- 
 tered upon the practice of his profession in 
 Berlin, and in 1884 removed to Camden. 
 
 Geoege W. Heney was born in Camden 
 November 19, 1858. He entered the Phila- 
 delphia College of Pharmacy in 1875, and 
 graduated in March, 1879 ; studied medicine 
 with Dr. D. Benjamin, and entered Jefferson 
 Medical College in the fall of 1880, taking 
 the degree of Doctor of Medicine, and in 
 April following began practice in Camden, 
 which, in connection with a drug-store, he 
 continues. 
 
 W. S. Long was born in Chester County, 
 Pa., November 25, 1855. He studied medi- 
 cine with his father, Dr. M. A. Long, and in 
 the fall of 1875 entered the Medical Depart- 
 ment of the University of Pennsylvania, 
 and graduated therefrom March 11, 1878. 
 He practiced one year as resident physician 
 of the Pennsylvania Hospital, was in charge 
 one year, under Dr. Charles K. Mills, of the 
 Nervous Dispensary, four years in Philadel- 
 
 phia, and in April, 1885, moved to Haddon- 
 field, where he is now in practice. 
 
 Robert Caspeeson is a native of St. 
 Louis, Mo., born November 23, 1859. He be- 
 came astudent in 1881 under Professor W.H. 
 Pancoast, and in the meantime for two years 
 attended lectures at Jefferson Medical Col- 
 lege. In 1883 he visited the hospitals of 
 London and Paris, and on bis return resumed 
 his study at the same institution and was 
 graduated in March, 1884. He practiced in 
 Philadelphia one year, and in June, 1886, 
 removed to Camden. 
 
 William A. Westcott was born in 
 Waterford October 15, 1857 ; studied medi- 
 cine with Dr. Jennings, of Camden ; entered 
 Jefferson Medical College, and was graduated 
 in April, 1883. He also took a post-graduate 
 course in the Pennsylvania School of Anatomy 
 and Surgery, in operative surgery with the 
 physicians and surgeons of Philadelphia 
 Hospital, in obstetrics at the Philadelphia 
 Lying-in Charity Hospital. After finishing 
 these studies at the institutions mentioned he 
 began the active duties of his profession in 
 Berlin, where he still resides and practices. 
 
 Geoege T. Robison was born in Wash- 
 ington, D. C, March 15, 1861. After com- 
 pleting the medical course at the University 
 of Pennsylvania, he was graduated March 5, 
 1882, and immediately began the active 
 duties of his profession in Camden. 
 
 R. W. Richie, is a graduate of Jefferson 
 Medical College in 1852, and after practicing 
 medicine several years in Philadelphia, in 
 1885 he removed to Camden and engaged in 
 the drug business and continued his medical 
 profession. 
 
 RoBEET GiviN Tayloe was born in the 
 county of Antrim, Ireland, April 28, 1820. 
 He emigrated to this country in 1845, and 
 in 1858 began the study of medicine under 
 the instruction of Dr. John Hm-st, of Phil- 
 adelphia. After spending the required time 
 as a student in the Jefferson Medical College, 
 he was graduated M. D. in 1861, and immedi- 
 
300 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEESEY. 
 
 ately established himself as a physician in 
 the city of Camden. In 1873 he took charge 
 •of a drug-store previously conducted by his 
 son, Dr. William Taylor, which he has since 
 continued in connection with his professional 
 duties. 
 
 Alexandeh McAlliston was born in 
 Paterson, N. J., May 5, 1862. He entered 
 the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, and 
 was graduated in 1882, and the same year 
 entered the Medical Department of the 
 University of Pennsylvania, and was grad- 
 uated from that institution in May, 1885, 
 and then began practice in Camden. 
 
 Frank G. Stroud was born at Moores- 
 town, N. J., October 30, 1862, and studied 
 medicine with his father, Dr. J. C. Stroud. 
 In 1880 he entered Jefferson Medical Col- 
 lege, and was graduated April 2, 1882. He 
 began practice in his native place and con- 
 tinued until December 10, 1885, when he 
 located. He is also in the Laryngological 
 Department on the staff of Jefferson Medical 
 College Hospital. 
 
 HOMCEOPATHY. 
 
 The founder of homoeopathy, Samuel 
 Hahnemann, was born April 10, 1755, at 
 Meissen, in Cur-Saxony, one of the regions in 
 ■Germany. He passed several years at the 
 Stadtschule, and at the age of sixteen he 
 began to attend the Furstenschule, of Meissen, 
 where he remained eight years. His parents 
 were poor, but his inherent thirst for knowl- 
 edge induced his instructors to give him the 
 advantages of an education without paying 
 the usual tuition fees. In 1775 he entered 
 the University of Leipsig, where he raised 
 enough money to spend two years in study, 
 by giving lessons as a tutor and making 
 translations into German. He took his de- 
 gree of Doctor of Medicine at Erlangen 
 August 10, 1779. He spent ten years in 
 the practice of his profession at different 
 places, and in 1789 returned to Leipsig, 
 where he soon became favorably known for 
 
 his knowledge of medicine, chemistry, min- 
 eralogy and the kindred sciences, and for 
 many important discoveries which gave him 
 a wide-spread reputation. In pursuing his 
 investigations he became dissatisfied with 
 the state of medical science around him. 
 He claimed that it was imperfect, and then 
 began to elaborate a new system of medicine 
 which he termed homceopathia, which is 
 derived from the two Greek words, homoios 
 (similar) and pathos (feeling or suffering). 
 He tested the use of a number of drugs, con- 
 vinced himself and advanced it as a theory, 
 that a remedy which would cure a certain 
 disease would also produce a disorder very 
 similar to that disease in a healthy person, 
 and that the converse was equally true, — i. e., 
 that a drug which produced a certain disease 
 in a healthy body would cure it in a sick 
 one. He tested the drug on his own person, 
 carefully noting the minutest effects produced 
 and comparing them with the symptoms of 
 well-known diseases. He induced some of 
 his friends to join him in these tests or prov- 
 iugs, and, by mutually comparing notes, cer- 
 tain positive facts and a code were established. 
 This was the origin of the famous axiom, 
 similia similibus ourantur. Many German 
 physicians tested the principles of Hahne- 
 mann, and afterwards advocated them. The 
 founder of this new system of medicine, after 
 he had attained the age of forty-five years, 
 lived in a complete self-abnegation and 
 endangered his own physical constitution in 
 testing the system he was promulgating. 
 In the mean time he wrote ten volumes of 
 the "Materia Medica Pura," and effected 
 cures on persons of eminence in promulgat- 
 ing the theory of minimum doses. His 
 greatest work is entitled the " Organon of 
 Eational Medicine," which has always been, 
 and doubtless will continue to be, a text- 
 book of the homoeopathic profession. In 1805 
 he published a little work on the " Positive 
 Effects of Medicine." In 1831 he rendered 
 efficient service during the time the cholera 
 
A HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND MEDICAL MEN. 
 
 301 
 
 raged so violently in Eastern Europe. In 
 1836 he left Leipsig and resided for fifteen 
 years with the Duke at Coethen, perfecting 
 his system by experiments and in the treat- 
 ment of the sick of many families of the 
 nobility. 
 
 During his residence at Coethen, when 
 in his eightieth year, he married Made- 
 moiselle D'Hervilly Gohier, a member of 
 one of the prominent families of France. 
 She had been cured by him of a dangerous 
 malady. The marriage was somewhat ro- 
 mantic, inasmuch as she was forty-five years 
 his junior. Soon after this event he and his 
 wife removed to Paris, where he spent the 
 remainder of his years, and died July 2, 
 1844, at the advanced age of eighty-nine 
 years. He was of slender form and diminu- 
 tive stature. His head was large and his 
 forehead well-proportioned. He was known 
 by his contemporaries as a man of fine intel- 
 lect. 
 
 Homoeopathy was introduced in Camden 
 County by the physicians of Philadelphia. 
 In 1838 the " Family Guide," translated and 
 compiled by C. Hering, M.D., was published 
 in Camden and aided greatly in spreading 
 the knowledge of homoeopathy, inducing many 
 to test it. The way was thus prepared for a 
 physician of this school, and in 1841 J. R. 
 Andrews, M.D., a graduate of Jefferson Medi- 
 cal College, Philadelphia, began the practice 
 of homoeopathy here. He was faithfully sup- 
 ported by a few warm friends, but being a 
 young man and the opposition proving very 
 strong, after two years of struggling he re- 
 moved to Wilmington, Del. He remained 
 there only a short time, being induced to re- 
 turn by the earnest solicitation of former 
 patrons. After his return his practice grew 
 rapidly, and he continued in extensive busi- 
 ness until his sudden death, in 1864, from 
 cerebro-spinal meningitis. 
 
 A family by the name of Reese, living on 
 Cooper Street, above Third, was probably the 
 first in Camden to receive homoeopathic treat- 
 35 
 
 ment, being visited by Dr. Schoralie, of 
 Philadelphia. Through the head of this 
 family. Dr. Andrews, who was then sick, was 
 induced to try homoeopathic treatment, and it 
 resulted as successfully in his case as in the 
 Reese family. It was this circumstance, 
 undoubtedly, which gave the initial impulse 
 to his career. 
 
 Dr. J. Richardson Andrews here allud- 
 ed to as the pioneer of homoeopathy in Camden, 
 was born in the city September 21, 1818, and 
 was a son of Richardson Andrews, a lumber 
 merchant. He read medicine with Dr. Wil- 
 liam Schoralie, of Philadelphia, and gradu- 
 ated from Jefferson Medical College in 1841. 
 He married Catharine, daughter of Captain 
 Warrington, of Pennsylvania, by whom he had 
 four children, — William, Richardson, Kate 
 and P. W. Andrews, now a physician. Dr. 
 Andrews died in 1864, as heretofore men- 
 tioned. He was universally esteemed as an 
 eminent and skillful physician, and a man of 
 irreproachable character. 
 
 Samuel Carles was among the first 
 practitioners of homoeopathy in Camden 
 County. He was born in Philadelphia 
 May 11, 1817. He began the study of 
 medicine with Dr. George McClellan, 
 of Philadelphia, and soon after entered 
 Jefferson Medical College and received the ■ 
 degree of M.D. in March, 1839. He 
 practiced medicine a few years in Phila- 
 delphia, and in 1854 read medicine under Dr. 
 John Anderson, a prominent homoeopa,thist 
 of Camden, and in 1855 was graduated from 
 Hahnemann Medical College and then began 
 practicing in Camden, in accordance with 
 the teaching of Hahnemann, many years 
 with marked success. He still resides in 
 Camden. 
 
 Bowman H. Shivers was born in Had- 
 donfield July 7, 1836. He studied medicine 
 with Dr. Julius Holtenpolf, of Haddonfield, 
 and in the fall of 1855 entered Pennsylvania 
 Medical University, in Philadelphia, from 
 which he was graduated in April, 1858. He 
 
B02 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 then began to practice his profession in 
 Marlton and continued until 1862 ; resided 
 in Philadelphia two years and in 1864 began 
 the practice of homoeopathy in his native 
 town. 
 
 J. Kemper Bryant was born in Phila- 
 delphia December 18, 1832. He studied 
 medicine with Dr. J. G. Howard, of Phila- 
 delphia, in 1852, and entered Hahnemann 
 Medical College, from which he was grad- 
 uated in March, 1856. He practiced in New- 
 ark, Delaware, until 1864, "when he moved 
 to Camden and has since pursued his profes- 
 sion in that city. 
 
 H. F. Hunt was born in Providence, 
 E. I., March 29, 1838. His ancestors are 
 among the earliest settlers of the State. His 
 great-grandfather was a colonel in the Eevo- 
 lutionary War, and his descendants have con- 
 tinued to occupy prominent political positions. 
 Dr. Hunt passed through the graded schools 
 in Providence, and, at fifteen years of age, 
 entered Greenwich Seminary, taking a three 
 years' college course. His health failing, he 
 did not enter Brown University, as intended, 
 at the expiration of the three years, but had 
 to relinquish study. He managed a cotton- 
 factory for his father until the spring of 
 1860, when he decided to go West. He be- 
 came a teacher in Aurora Seminary at Auro- 
 ra, 111., and also commenced the study of 
 medicine with Dr. Howell, an allopathic 
 physician. He remained there two years and 
 then returned East and took a course of lec- 
 tures at Bellevue Hospital Medical College, 
 New York. While studying with Dr. Howell 
 a severe epidemic of diphtheria prevailed, and 
 thinking that the homceopathic treatment was 
 more successful, he was induced to investigate 
 that treatment. After leaving New Jersey he 
 returned to Providence and entered the office 
 of Dr. A. H. Okie. He remained with him 
 two years. He graduated from the Homceo- 
 pathic Medical College of Pennsylvania in 
 the spring of 1864. Dr. J. R. Andrews 
 died at that time and he was invited to suc- 
 
 ceed him in Camden. This gave him at once 
 a large and lucrative practice. He was soon 
 compelled to relinquish all country practice. 
 
 The idea was conceived of organizing the 
 homceopathic medical men of South Jersey, 
 and the result was the establishment of the 
 West Jersey Homoeopathic Medical Society, 
 of which Dr. Hunt was elected president. 
 He also helped to organize the State Society, 
 and was elected its president in 1876,. and 
 was also appointed a delegate to the World's 
 Convention, which assembled in Philadelphia 
 that year. 
 
 P. W. Andrews, son of Dr. J. R. An- 
 drews, the first resident homoeopathist in 
 Camden County, was born in Camden. 
 He attended the Friends' Central School, in 
 Philadelphia, and afterwards pursued the 
 study of the classics under the instruction of 
 Professor Hutchinson, of Camden. He read 
 medicine in the office of his father until the 
 time of the latter's death, and then became a 
 student with Dr. H. F. Hunt. He attended 
 medical lectures for two years at Long Island 
 College Hospital, and then entered the Ho- 
 mceopathic Medical College of Philadelphia, 
 and was graduated from that institution. He 
 has since practiced in Camden. 
 
 Melbourne F. Middleton was born 
 in the city of Camden on the 21st day 
 of January, 1842. His father, Timothy 
 Middleton, his grandfather, Amos A. Mid- 
 dleton, and his great-grandfather, Timothy 
 Middleton, were all born here. In these 
 early days, reaching back to Revolutionary 
 times, Camden was but a very small village. 
 Timothy Middleton, the father of the doc- 
 tor, was born January 21, 1817, and died 
 April 15, 1867. He was an active, intelli- 
 gent and successful farmer, but exchanged 
 that occupation in his later years for city life, 
 and, becoming interested in local affairs, was 
 elected and served one term as mayor of thfe 
 city of Camden. He was married, on the 
 19th of November, 1840, to Hester A. R. 
 Jenkins, an estimable lady, and the follow- 
 
a/' '^yw^^^^f^^^--^^^^'''^^ 
 
A HISTORY OP MEDICINE AND MEDICAL MEN. 
 
 303 
 
 ing children were born to them : Melbourne 
 F., Malinda E., Amos A., Elizabeth S. and 
 Timothy J. Dr. Melbourne F. Middleton, 
 the eldest and the subject of this biography, 
 obtained his preparatory education in the 
 public schools of Camden and Philadelphia. 
 After leaving school he returned to his 
 father's farm, near Camden, where he spent 
 about four years in the healthy occupation of • 
 a farmer. During this time and after leav- 
 ing the farm (his father returning to Cam- 
 den) he pursued special branches of study to 
 fit himself more fully for active business 
 life. We next find him engaged for a short 
 time as a grocer's clerk; then as a salesman 
 in a cloth-house in Philadelphia ; then as an 
 assistant book-keeper in the office of Dr. D. 
 Jayne & Son, of Philadelphia, where he was 
 soon advanced to the position of general cor- 
 respondent. The duties were arduous, in- 
 volving a list of correspondents to the num- 
 ber of ten thousand. After being in the 
 office about two years, and his health failing, 
 the firm kindly gave him their power of at- 
 torney, and sent him out traveling in their 
 interests, which position he held nearly two 
 years, after which he returned, with renewed 
 health and an invaluable experience, which 
 had broadened his view of men and things, 
 to enter upon the fulfillment of hopes that 
 had been cherished from early childhood, 
 and towards which every previous move- 
 ment of his life had been a stepping-stone — 
 the study of medicine. During the time he 
 was in the office of Dr. D. Jayne & Son he 
 matriculated, and each winter attended lec- 
 tures on single branches of medicine, and, 
 while traveling, continued study so far as his 
 duties and health would permit. In the fall 
 of 1866 he entered the Hahnemann Medical 
 College, of Philadelphia, for the full course 
 of lectures, and graduated with the degree of 
 Doctor of Medicine on March 4, 1868, and 
 immediately commenced the practice of med- 
 icine in the city of Camden, where he still 
 continues an earnest and successful physi- 
 
 cian. He is a member of the West Jersey 
 HomcEopathic Medical Society," " The New 
 Jersey State Homoeopathic Medical Society," 
 "The American Institute of Homoeopathy," 
 and the " Camden Microscopical Society." He 
 is one of the originators of the " Camden Ho- 
 moeopathic Hospital and Dispensary Associa- 
 tion," and, in 1880, through his influence, 
 the practice of homoeopathy was introduced 
 into the " Camden County Asylum for the 
 Insane." He was for eight years a member 
 of the " Board of Education of the City of 
 Camden," is also a member of "Camden 
 Lodge, No. 15, F. A. M," and is connected 
 by membership with the Third Street Meth- 
 odist Episcopal Church, of which his parents 
 were among the early members. 
 
 Dr. Middleton was married, on the 16th 
 day of March, 1871, to Miss Emily M. 
 King, youngest daughter of Captain Henry 
 King, one of the oldest and a highly re- 
 spected citizen of Camden. They have four 
 children, — Bessie K., Melbourne F., Arthur 
 L. and Timothy G. 
 
 Thomas E. Blackwood was born in 
 Moorestown, N. J., July 21, 1834. He en- 
 tered the office of Dr. Clay, of that town, as 
 a medical student, in 1867, and soon after 
 entered Hahnemann Medical College, from 
 which he obtained his medical degree in 1880. 
 Immediately after graduating he established 
 himself in practice in Camden, and has since 
 continued it. 
 
 C. J. Cooper was born in Langhorne, 
 Bucks County, Pa., October 14, 1843. He 
 began the study of medicine with Dr. H. F. 
 Hunt, entered Hahnemann Medical College 
 in 1866, was graduated in 1868, began prac- 
 tice in Salem, N. J., and in the fall of 1869 
 moved to Camden, where he has since prac- 
 ticed with success. 
 
 Theodore S. Williams, a native of 
 Brewer, Me., was born November 27, 1815 ; 
 studied medicine with Dr. Caleb Swan, of 
 Easton, Mass. ; attended medical lectures at 
 Dartmouth College in 1840, under Dr. O. 
 
304 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 "W. Holmes, and Professor Benjamin Silli- 
 man, the next year, at Bowdoin College, in 
 Maine. After a few years of travel he took 
 his medical degree, and in July, 1844, located 
 in Germantown, Pa., and in 1850 entered 
 Hahnemann Medical College, Philadelphia, 
 and from that time was a follower of the 
 Hahnemann school of medicine, and prac- 
 ticed in Germantown from 1844 to 1870, and 
 then retired from regular practice and re- 
 moved to Haddonfield, where he still lives. 
 His son, Franklin E., was born at German- 
 town May 2, 1 857. He entered the University 
 of Pennsylvania in June, 1873. After two 
 years' course in the Scientific Department he 
 entered the Medical Department and received 
 his degree in March, 1878. In the same 
 year he took a post-graduate course at 
 Hahnemann Medical College of Philadel- 
 phia, and was graduated in March, 1879. 
 He began and has since practiced in Had- 
 donfield. 
 
 J. D. Lecknee was born in Philadelphia 
 May 9, 1853; studied medicine with Dr. 
 Henry N. Martin, entered Hahnemann Med- 
 ical College in 1871, and completed the 
 course, receiving his degree in March, 1873; 
 began practice in Philadelphia, and, in 1876, 
 came to Camden. He is president of the 
 Board of Health of the city of Camden, and 
 one of the staff of the Homoeopathic Hospital 
 of Camden. 
 
 Anna E. Geippith was born in 1830 in 
 Elizabeth, N. J.; studied medicine with Dr. 
 S. A. Barnett, of New York City, and, in 
 1871, entered the Women's Medical College 
 of New York City, a homoeopathic institution ; 
 was graduated in March, 1874 ; practiced in 
 New York City one year, and then removed 
 to Camden to continue in her profession. . 
 
 Willis H. Hunt, a native of Providence, 
 Rhode Island, and brother of H. F. Hunt, of 
 Camden, was born April 19, 1855. He be- 
 gan the study of medicine with Dr. Elmer 
 Eddy, of Providence, and, in 1874, entered 
 Harvard Medical School, and was graduated 
 
 in June, 1877, with a view of following the 
 practice of the allopathic school of medicine. 
 In the fall of 1877 he came to Philadelphia, 
 entered Hahnemann Medical College and 
 studied one year, and, by reason of ill health, 
 withdrew. In 1879 he began practice in 
 Camden, and still continues. 
 
 Edgae B. Shaep was born at Long-a- 
 ' Coming (now Berlin), Camden County, N. J., 
 October 21, 1855 ; was a student with Pro- 
 fessor A. R. Thomas, of Philadelphia ; at- 
 tended the lectures of Hahnemann Medical 
 College, of Philadelj)hia, graduated March 
 9, 1876 ; now practicing at Westmont, 
 Camden County, N. J. 
 
 E. M. Howard, is a native of Barry, 
 Mass., where he was born September 11, 
 1848. He began the study of medicine at 
 home, in 1868, with Dr. A. E. Kemp, and 
 in 1870 entered Cornell University, Ithaca, 
 N. Y., and took a special preparative course 
 in comparative anatomy, under Professor 
 Burt G. Wilder; was graduated in 1873, and 
 in 1874 entered Hahnemann Medical Col- 
 lege, Philadelphia, from which he obtained 
 his medical degree in 1877, and then located 
 in Camden. He was appointed lecturer on 
 botany in the Hahnemann Medical College 
 in 1878, on pharmacy in 1881 and on toxi- 
 cology in 1886, and still continues in these 
 departments. 
 
 Eli Tullis was born in Cumberland 
 County, N. J., April 10, 1838. He entered 
 Hahnemann Medical College in the fall of 
 1875, and was graduated in March, 1879, 
 and began practice in Camden. 
 
 William G. Du Bois was born in Clayton 
 township, Gloucester County, N. J., August 
 17, 1858, and received his preliminary edu- 
 cation under private tutors at home. He 
 began the study of medicine under Dr. Wal- 
 lace McGeorge, of Woodbury, and entered 
 the Hahnemann Medical College, Philadel- 
 phia, from which he was graduated in 1880. 
 He has since been engaged in the practice of 
 his profession in Gloucester. 
 
A HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND MEDICAL MEN. 
 
 305 
 
 Silas H. Quint was born in Philadelphia 
 December 3, 1849 ; began the study of med- 
 icine in 1870 with Dr. Samuel Carles, and 
 entered Hahnemann Medical College, grad- 
 uating March 10, 1873. In 1874 he opened 
 an office in Camden. He is secretary of the 
 board of directors of the Homoeopathic Hos- 
 pital and Dispensary of Camden. 
 
 E. H. Peacock was born in Camden Feb- 
 ruary 5, 1858 ; studied medicine with Dr. M. 
 F. Middleton, and, in 1878, entered Hahne- 
 mann Medical College, from which he was 
 graduated in March, 1881. He began prac- 
 tice in Camden, and in April, 1883, removed 
 to Berlin, where he is now in practice. 
 
 George D. Woodward, a native of Cam- 
 den, was born May 28, 1860. He began the 
 study of medicine with Dr. H. F. Hunt in 
 1881, and the same year entered Hahnemann 
 Medical College, and was graduated in March, 
 1884. He began practice in Belair, Harford 
 County, Md., and removed to Camden April 
 1, 1886. 
 
 T. Walter Gardiner is a native of Phil- 
 adelphia, where he was born October 25, 1 854. 
 He attended the school at Woodbury and the 
 South Jersey Institute, at Bridgeton, N. J. He 
 began his medical studies in Philadelphia and 
 entered the Hahnemann Medical College in 
 1871, from which institution he was gradu- 
 ated in 1875. Dr. Gardiner first settled in 
 Ulster County, N. Y., remaining there for 
 five years, when he removed to Pottstown. 
 In December, 1883, he came to Gloucester 
 City, where he is now engaged in practice. 
 
 George S. F. Ppeifper, a native of 
 Worms, Germany, was born September 9, 
 1806. He studied medicine under Baron 
 Von Liebig and Von Eitger, in Strasburg 
 and Giessen, after which he entered the Hol- 
 land navy as assistant surgeon. He was 
 captured oif the coast of Algiers and retained 
 a prisoner, and he was in charge of the 
 grounds and gardens of the Sultan of Tur- 
 key, and there introduced many new plants. 
 He was liberated by the French about 1830, 
 
 and returned to Germany. His long absence 
 prevented his return to the practice of his 
 profession without a thorough study and ex- 
 amination, according to German, and he came 
 to America in 1833, where he formed the 
 acquaintance with Dr. C. F. Herring and 
 others of the Hahnemann school of practice. 
 In 1834 he began homoeopathic practice, first 
 in Baltimore, later in Adams County, Pa., 
 Germantown and Philadelphia. In 1854 he 
 moved to Camden, where he remained until 
 1862, during a part of which time he was a 
 professor in the Penn Medical College. He 
 then entered the regular army and remained 
 in its service until 1868, and returned to 
 Camden, resumed practice and continued un- 
 til his death, November 29, 1883. 
 
 Frederick P. Pfbiffer, son of Dr. 
 George S. F. Pfeiffer, was born in Philadel- 
 phia June 25, 1841. He studied medicine 
 with his father, and in 1861 entered the Penn 
 Medical University, from which he was grad- 
 uated in March, 1863. While engaged in 
 his studies he entered the United States 
 army as a medical cadet, and was stationed 
 in a hospital in West Philadelphia. After 
 his graduation he was appointed assistant 
 medical director under Frederick G. Snell- 
 ing. In 1864 he was transferred to the 
 hospital, and later to Louisiana, and on May 
 31, 1865, left the service and came to Cam- 
 den and began the practice in which he is 
 now engaged. On the 12th of April, 1870, 
 he became a member of the New Jersey State 
 Homoeopathic Medical Society. 
 
 George E. Fortiner, a native of Cam- 
 den, was born November 14, 1842; studied 
 medicine with Dr. A. C. Haines, of Colum- 
 bus, N. J., and in the fall of 1876 entered 
 Penn Medical University, at Philadelphia, 
 from which he was graduated in March, 1879. 
 Mrs. Ida Fortiner, his wife, was born De- 
 cember 28, 1848, at Columbus, and studied 
 medicine with her father, entered college with 
 her husband and graduated at the same time. 
 They settled, after graduating, at Camden, 
 
306 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 where they yet reside and practice. He is a 
 member of the Eclectic State Society of New 
 Jersey. They practice largely iu accordance 
 with the principle of homoeopathy. 
 
 West Jersey Homceopathic Medical 
 Society. — Pursuant to a call issued by Wal- 
 lace McGeorge, M.D., of Hightstown ; Hen- 
 ry F. Hunt, M.D., of Camden ; N. Kirk- 
 patrick, M.D., of Burlington ; R. M. Wilk- 
 inson, M.D., of Trenton ; and W. Ward, 
 M.D., of Mount Holly, the homoeopathic phy- 
 sicians of South and West Jersey met in 
 Camden, on May 19, 1869, and organized the 
 Western District Homoeopathic Medical So- 
 ciety of New Jersey. The following officers 
 were elected, and bureaus appointed : Presi- 
 dent, D. R. Gardiner, M.D., Woodbury; 
 Vice-President, E. M. Wilkinson, M.D., 
 Trenton; Secretary ,Wallace McGeorge, M.D., 
 Hightstown ; and Treasurer, J. G. Streets, 
 M.D., Bridgeton ; Censors, Drs. Hunt, Ma- 
 lin and Cooper ; Bureau of Obstetrics, Drs. 
 Wilkinson, Malin and Bancroft ; Surgery, 
 Drs. Middleton, Cooper and Austin ; Prac- 
 tice, Drs. Hunt, Brown and Streets ; Materia 
 Medica, Drs. Kilpatrick, Allen and Phillips. 
 The society meets quarterly in Camden, and 
 during the second year changed its name to 
 West Jersey Homoeopathic Medical Society, 
 under which name it still works. The West 
 Jersey Society has been a useful adjunct to 
 the State Society, and has held its meetings 
 regularly in Camden since its organization. 
 Drs. D. R. Gardiner, R. M. Wilkinson, H. 
 F. Hunt, D. E. Gardiner, E. R. Tuller, N. 
 Kirkpatrick, M. B. Tuller and Isaac Cooper 
 have been president at different times, and 
 not a meeting has elapsed in all this time in 
 which one or more papers have not been pre- 
 sented and read before the society. 
 
 Dr. McGeorge served as secretary in 1869. 
 He was followed in 1870 by Dr. Isaac 
 Cooper, of Trenton. Dr. McGeorge was 
 re-elected in 1871 and served until 1876, 
 when M. B. Fuller, of Vineland, was elect- 
 ed. Dr. McGeorge was- re-elected in 1877 
 
 and served continuously until 1880, when 
 Dr. H. S. Quint, of Camden, was chosen. 
 In 1881 R. H. Peacock was made secretary, 
 serving until May, 1884, when he was fol- 
 lowed by E. M. Howard, of Camden, who 
 has held the position till the present time. 
 
 The secretary's report for 1886 gave the 
 membership of the society as forty-two. Three 
 new members have since been added, making 
 the present membership forty-five. Average 
 attendance at each meeting, fourteen and 
 three-quarters (1886-86). The tangible re- 
 sult of the work of the society is the yearly 
 production of from ten to fifteen scientific 
 papers, most of which are eagerly sought for 
 publication in the medical journals. The 
 society has always taken the keenest interest 
 in all questions of public hygiene and sani- 
 tation, and has taken pains to have import- 
 ant papers upon such subjects printed in 
 suitable form, generally in local papers, and 
 paid for their wide distribution among the 
 classes most needing education on such sub- 
 jects, in the city and county. 
 
 The physicians of Camden were the most 
 active in organizing the New Jersey State 
 Homceopathic Society and in securing a lib- 
 eral charter, granting to homoeopathic physi- 
 cians all rights and privileges of other schools 
 of medicine. This has proven to be of im- 
 mense value to physicians of all parts of the 
 State, securing them proper recognition be- 
 fore the laws of the State. Dr. H. F. Hunt, 
 of Camden, was elected president in 1876. 
 The physicians of Camden have always been 
 ready to contribute valuable papers on medi- 
 cal subjects at the meetings of the society, 
 and they are justly esteemed and appreciated 
 for their energy iu advancing the interests of 
 homoeopathy. Dr. E. M. Howard, of Cam- 
 den, was elected president of the society in 
 1885. 
 
 Following are the officers of the society 
 for 1886-87 : 
 
 President, Isaac Cooper, M.D., of Trenton. 
 Vice-President, Eli Tullis, M.D., of Camden. 
 
A HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND MEDICAL MEN. 
 
 307 
 
 Treasurer, Anna E. Griffith, M.D., of Cam- 
 den. Secretary, E. M. Howard, M.D., of 
 Camden. Board of Censors : J. G. Streets, 
 M.D., of Bridgeton ; P. W. Andrews, M.D., 
 of Camden; F. E. Williams, M.D., of 
 Haddonfield. Executive Committee: W. Mc- 
 George, M.D., of Woodbury ; J. G. Streets, 
 M.D., of Bridgeton ; E. M. Howard, M.D., 
 of Camden. 
 
 Camden Homceopathic Hospital and 
 Dispensary. — The great need of a hospital 
 in the city led the homoeopathic physicians 
 and the adherents of that school of practice 
 to unite in organizing for that purpose. 
 Several preliminary meetings were held, and 
 on January 30, 1885, at a meeting held in 
 Association Hall, an organization was per- 
 fected by the adoption of a constitution and 
 the election of officers, as follows : Presi- 
 dent, E. A. Armstrong; First Vice-Presi- 
 dent, James M. Stradling; Second Vice- 
 President, B. F. Sutton; Secretary, S. H. 
 Quint ; Treasurer, Charles Watson. 
 
 Application was made for a charter, which 
 was granted and approved by the Governor 
 February 5; 1885. The building on the 
 northeast corner of Fourth and Arch was 
 rented and fitted for hospital purposes, with 
 two wards (male and female), with two beds 
 each, and the hospital and dispensary was 
 opened for use on the 2d of March, 1885. 
 The dispensary is open twice a day (except 
 Sundays), and is attended by the homoeopathic 
 physicians of Camden. The report of the 
 hospital and dispensary from March 2, 1885, 
 to December 31st, of the same year, shows 
 that in the dispensary one thousand three 
 hundred and twenty-one new cases were 
 treated, sixteen hundred and seventy-seven 
 persons renewed prescriptions, and in the 
 ■hospital one hundred and four surgical and 
 ten medical patients have been received and 
 cared for, and forty surgical operations have 
 been performed. The institution is depend- 
 ent entirely upon voluntary subscription 
 for support. It is under the care of thirty 
 
 directors, and a board of thirty lady man- 
 agers, of whom Mrs. Northrup is president. 
 
 This institution, being the only place at pre- 
 sent open, in Camden for the care of the sick 
 and injured, has been crowded from its start. 
 Its management has been obliged to refuse so 
 many applications for aid, that for the past 
 year they have been seriously considering the 
 question of the erection of a large and suit- 
 able building. 
 
 The following is the medical staff of the 
 hospital for the year 1886 : Surgeons, E. M. 
 Howard, M.D., M. F. Middleton, M.D., 
 S. H. Quint, M.D., J. D. Leckner, M.D., 
 G. D. Woodward, M.D., each serving one 
 month at a time in rotation ; Consulting Sur- 
 geon, W. H. Van Lennep, M.D. ; Physicians, 
 J. K. Bryant, Anna E. Griffith, P. W. An- 
 drews, Eli Tullis, J. R. Blackwood, serving 
 also in rotation one month each ; Matron, 
 Mrs. W. H. Wheaton. 
 
 The dispensary work is done by different 
 physicians voluntarily agreeing to fill cer- 
 tain hours for a month at a time. 
 
 DENTISTRY. 
 
 Probably no other profession has made such 
 rapid progress during the last half-century 
 as dentistry. Prior to that period the study 
 and care of the teeth were limited to those 
 who made the study of anatomy and physi- 
 ology a specialty, and to the members of the 
 medical profession, very much as blood-let- 
 ting and tooth-drawing, were once included 
 among the duties of the barber. Many per- 
 sons are- still living who can distinctly re- 
 member when the scalpel and forceps were 
 as necessary instruments in a barber-shop as 
 a pair of shears or a razor. 
 
 The first dental college in the world was 
 established at Baltimore in the year 1839. 
 Since that time dentistry has been studied as 
 a science and practiced as an art, and has de- 
 veloped until it now ranks among the most 
 useful of the professions. It includes within 
 its ranks representative men of education. 
 
308 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 culture and high social staudiug. The de- 
 velopment of the science has been rapid, and 
 a profession that is the offspring of the 
 nineteenth century has not proven tenacious 
 of old ideas, nor unfitted itself for growth 
 and improvement by a blind devotion to the 
 errors of the past. 
 
 The most rapid improvement has been 
 made in operative dentistry, of which there 
 has been almost an entire revolution. The 
 highest point at first attainable was to fill 
 such teeth as were slightly decayed, whereasj 
 by the aid of the various improved dental 
 instruments, together with the medicinal 
 treatment of the teeth, the profession is not 
 only enabled to preserve teeth slightly de- 
 cayed, but to restore and protect them for 
 many years. The early practice advocated 
 smooth-pointed -instruments for filling, and 
 non-cohesive gold, whereas serrated instru- 
 ments and cohesive gold are now recognized 
 as most expedient. 
 
 Artificial teeth were in use as early as 
 Washingtou's time, and he himself is alleged 
 to have worn them ; but at that early day 
 they were either carved out of solid pieces of 
 ivory, which involved great labor and ex- 
 pense, or were human teeth attached to gold 
 plates. Aaron Burr is said to have worn 
 teeth of the kind last mentioned. The later 
 improvements made in this direction, and 
 their introduction into general use, have 
 added largely to both the attractions and 
 difficulties of the profession, and drawn to it 
 many possessed of superior mechanical skill. 
 Formerly the plates in which the .teeth are 
 set were made only of gold and silver or 
 carved out of ivory, which necessarily made 
 them both heavy and costly, whereas no\y, 
 plates are made not only of gold and silver, 
 but also of platinum, rubber and celluloid. 
 Rubber plates were not introduced until 
 about 1854, and celluloid much more recently. 
 The filling of artificial teeth is also a leading 
 branch of the art, requiring both .^kill, judg- 
 ment and delicacy, when properly done. 
 
 The dentists of the city and county of 
 Camden sire representative men of their pro- 
 fession, and those who have a reputation, even 
 beyond the limits of the county, are the fol- 
 lowing : 
 
 John B. Wood.! Wm. W. Morgan. 
 
 Henry F, Chew. A. E. Street. 
 
 Howard A. Miner. Alexander H. Titua. 
 
 William Blanc. Charles P. Tuttle. 
 
 Alphonso Irwin. Stephen G. Wallace. 
 
 James Jennett. Barzillai R. West. 
 
 CHAPTER XV. 
 
 EDUCATION. 
 BY P. K. BRACE, COUNTY StJPERINTENDBNT. 
 
 Early Schools and Teachers. — The 
 history of education in Camden County com- 
 mences with its first permanent settlement, 
 made by a company of Irish Friends in the 
 year 1682. Among these settlers was Thomas 
 Sharp, a young man who was a surveyor and 
 conveyancer. The tract was surveyed and 
 several acres were set apart for a meetings 
 house and school-house, which was soon af- 
 terwards built, thus securing the permanency 
 and good character of the community. 
 Thomas Sharp was chosen the first teacher 
 in this new settlement. He was a man of 
 good education, well versed in arithmetic, 
 surveying, astronomy and literature. He 
 calculated the phases of the moon and the 
 tides for the little community and made an 
 almanac. Besides this, he was something of 
 a poet and, in 1719, wrote a description of 
 the settlement and its progress in verse. 
 The original copy in his handwriting is in 
 the possession of Judge Clement, of Haddon- 
 field, to whom the writer is greatly indebted 
 for much valuable information herein given. 
 Thomas Sharp, the first teacher in what is 
 now Camden County, was a man of culture 
 and influence, and as such, helped to form a 
 character for diligence, love of knowledge 
 and lofty attainments on the part of his pu- 
 
EDUCATION. 
 
 309 
 
 pils. He was the first clerk of Old Newton 
 township and was a member of the Legisla- 
 ture in 1685, and was appointed judge of the 
 courts in 1700. He was clerk of the 
 Yearly Meeting of Friends at the time of 
 the dispute between George Keith and the 
 Friends in New Jersey, about 1691, and in 
 1686 he laid out the city of Gloucester. He 
 died in 1729. 
 
 The school-house was built near the Old 
 Newton Meeting-house, opposite the present 
 Champion School-house, in District No. 10. 
 It was constructed of logs, was quite small 
 and low and had a clay floor. Most likely 
 it had only one window, containing four 
 lights, bull's-eye glass. Here was the begin- 
 ning of the educational work in Camden 
 County. Although the house and appli- 
 ances were rough and very humble, the work 
 done was good. The truth was taught then 
 that it is not beautiful and costly buildings, 
 supplied with the very best appliances, that 
 produce the best results, but the living, earn- 
 est man that presides there. 
 
 We cannot but admire the spirit of these 
 early settlers, who, in the very beginning of 
 their settlement, while they were engaged in 
 the hard work of subduing the forest and 
 breaking up the virgin soil, gave earnest atten- 
 tion to necessary provision both for religion 
 and education. 
 
 In 1715 the second school was commenced 
 near Haddonfield, in the home of Jonathan 
 Bolton and Hannah, his wife. In this year 
 Robert Montgomery and Sarah, his wife, a 
 daughter of Henry Stacy, removed from 
 Monmouth County to a tract of land about 
 one mile west of Haddonfield, owned by 
 Sarah's father, and settled thereon. 
 
 In the same year they conveyed to Jona- 
 than Bolton and Hannah, his wife, forty 
 acres of land during their lives and the life 
 of the survivor, in consideration of their pay- 
 ing one ear of Indian corn annually, and 
 that the said Hannah would teach, or cause 
 to be taught, the children of the said Robert 
 36 
 
 and Sarah, or any other child that may hap- 
 pen in their family, to read English and do 
 seamstry work. These forty acres were on 
 or near the farm now owned by William H. 
 Nicholson, and here was the second institu- 
 tion of learning in Camden County. 
 
 About 1720 the Friends built a meeting- 
 honse at Haddonfield, and established a 
 school there which has been maintained with 
 varied success ever since. In 1750 a school- 
 house, sixteen feet square, was built of cedar 
 logs at Ellisburg. The building, slightly 
 altered, is still standing. In 1776 it was 
 weather-boarded up and down and plastered 
 inside. Nothing is known of the first teach- 
 ers of this place. 
 
 About 1750, or earlier, a school was es- 
 tablished in Blackwood. A large settlement 
 of Scotch-Irish Presbyterians had been made 
 in the vicinity, and a fulling-mill erected 
 about 1720. A tombstone in the old grave- 
 yard near the town has a record of the death 
 of David Wainwright, February 11, 1720. 
 The first school-house was standing in 1800, 
 near the Presbyterian Church, which was 
 built in 1751. The custom of Presbyterians, 
 as well as Friends, was to put up houses of 
 worship and school-houses as soon as they 
 settled in any locality, and this accounts for 
 the prosperity and permanency of the settle- 
 ments founded by them. 
 
 The early teachers of whom informa- 
 tion can be obtained were Joseph Thack- 
 ara, John C. Thackara, Thomas Thackara 
 and Isaac Hinchman. The Thackaras were 
 the descendants of that Thomas Thackara 
 who belonged to the original cooipany that 
 settled on the banks of Newton Creek. Thus 
 the Presbyterians seemed to have gone to the 
 Friends for instructors. John Dunlevy 
 taught here in the beginning of this century. 
 He was the first teacher in several other dis- 
 tricts, and was said to have been a man of 
 good education. The school in winter-time 
 was only for large scholars, and in summer- 
 time for small ones. 
 
310 
 
 HISTOKY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 In 1762 (April 15th) Eev. John Brainerd, 
 of missionary fame, one of the trustees of 
 Princeton College, who lived at Brotherton, 
 an Indian village in Burlington County, 
 rode seventeen miles from his home to a 
 small village, then called Long-a-Coming, now 
 Berlin, and took up a subscription to build a 
 meeting-house for the Presbyterian congre- 
 gation, which was erected in the fall of the 
 year. This was near the head of the Great 
 Egg Harbor River, on the ground where 
 what was called the Thorn School-house (now 
 a chapel for the Berlin Cemetery) stood. ' 
 Near this meeting-house a school-house was 
 built, but it was removed about 1800, as up 
 to 1833 the old church building was used for 
 church and school. The deed of the lot, 
 containing four acres, on which the church 
 had already been built, was given by Samuel 
 Scull and Ruth, his wife, September 18, 1766, 
 to Michael Fisher, David Roe, Peter Chees- 
 man, Northrop Marple and Henry Thorn. 
 
 In 1771 the people near New Freedom 
 established a school in a log building twenty 
 by sixteen feet, and Thomas Shinn was the 
 first teacher. 
 
 Gloucester City must have had a school- 
 house before the year 1700, inasmuch as it 
 was the county-seat of Gloucester County 
 from 1689 to 1787, but we have no account 
 of it, unless an old school-house of cedar 
 logs, sixteen feet square, located below Mar- 
 ket Street, near the present line of the West 
 Jersey Railroad, was the first one. The first 
 teacher known was a man called Master 
 Johnson, a graduate of one of the English 
 universities. So well were the people pleiased 
 with him that they gave him a year's board 
 gratis to induce him to remain. Another of 
 the early teachers in Gloucester was Richard 
 Snowdon, an Englishman, born at Poule- 
 fract, Yorkshire, April 15, 1753, who came 
 to America with his parents and settled in 
 Burlington, in this State. He was first a 
 tutor in the family of John Hoskins, at Bur- 
 lington, and then a tutor in the family of 
 
 Joseph Roberts, near Haddonfield. About 
 1780 he took charge of the Friends' school 
 at Haddonfield, and taught there until about 
 1792, when he established a school at 
 Gloucester. How long he remained at 
 Gloucester is not known. While there he 
 wrote a "History of the American Revolu- 
 tion " in the style of the holy Scriptures. In 
 1795 he published "The Columbiad," a 
 poem, upon the same subject. In 1805 he 
 wrote a " History of America," from its dis- 
 covery to the death of General Washington. 
 He died in Philadelphia March 31, 1825. 
 
 In 1782 an acre of land, as a site for a 
 school-house, was sold by John Estaugh 
 Hopkins, of Haddonfield, to John Gill, 
 Jacob Clement, Edward Gibbs, Joseph Lip- 
 pincott, John Clement and Thomas Redman, 
 of the Society of Friends. 
 
 At a session of a meeting of Friends, held 
 at Salem, with which Haddonfield Meet- 
 ing was coimected, in the year 1790, the 
 17t{i day of the Fifth Month, a committee, 
 appointed at a previous meeting, reported 
 that it would be well to raise funds in the 
 respective' Monthly Meetings, to be put out at 
 interest, and the interest to be applied, under 
 the care of judicious trustees, for the school- 
 ing of poor children of white and of colored 
 parents. 
 
 Quite a large amount was given by the 
 liberal Friends of Haddonfield and vicinity 
 for this object, — six hundred and thirty-five 
 pounds, six shillings, equal to two thousand 
 five hundred and forty-one dollars. Among 
 the donors are the names of men whose de- 
 scendants occupy prominent and honorable 
 positions in Camden County to-day — Gill, 
 Burrough, Glover, Stokes, Hopkins, Clem- 
 ent, Tomlinson, Thorn, Githens, Lippincott, 
 Albertson, Hillman, Nicholson, Jennings, 
 Redman, Mickle, Kaighn and Thompson. 
 The school thus sustained, to whose begin- 
 ning reference has been already made, has 
 continued to be an active force in educa- 
 tional work in Haddonfield. 
 
EDUCATION. 
 
 311 
 
 The people of Union District, No. 3, be- 
 gan their educational work in 1795. A lot 
 was sold by Thomas Burrough to Thomas 
 Burrough, Isaac Fish and Isaac Morgan, in 
 trust for school purposes, on which a stone 
 school-house, twenty-eight feet long by twen- 
 ty-four feet wide, was built. It was one 
 story high and was used as a school-house 
 until replaced by a new one, in 1871. The 
 money to build the hoiLse was raised by sub 
 scription and amounted to £238 8s. 4Jd. One 
 of the items of expense was one and one-half 
 gallons of rum. On account of the depreci- 
 ation of the colonial notes, the shilling was 
 worth thirteen and one-third cents in New 
 Jersey, and the pound two and two-thirds 
 dollars. The first teacher in this school was 
 John Dunlevy, a native of Ireland and a 
 man of culture, who continued in the profes- 
 sion until about 1830. His successor was 
 John Ward, an American, also a ripe scholar. 
 He published "The Farmers' Almanac," 
 which was much sought after. The floor of 
 the old school-house was terraced, there be- 
 ing three terraces, the first, about twelve feet 
 from the door, being raised nine inches, and 
 each succeeding one raised about the same 
 height. At the back of the room, where the 
 larger scholars stood, their heads were very 
 close to the ceiling. This description will 
 also serve for the old Greenville school-house, 
 on the Marlton turnpike, about two and a 
 half miles from Camden. 
 
 Prior to 1800 a school was kept at Chews 
 Landing, in a log dwelling-house in a field 
 opposite the tavern, where John Connor 
 taught for many years. He was well edu- 
 cated, a first-class teacher and was considered 
 one of the best penmen in his day. He was 
 also a surveyor, but he indulged in strong 
 drink and finally became worthless. He 
 was the first teacher in a frame school-house 
 built by Friends, in Chews Landing, near 
 •what is called " the Floodgates," on the 
 north branch of Timber Creek, in 1804. The 
 size of the house was thirty-six by twenty- 
 
 four feet. It was destroyed by fire in 1818. 
 About 1800 the Friends put up a frame 
 building near a settlement called New Hope- 
 well, on the old Egg Harbor road, about 
 two miles south of New Freedom, accommo- 
 dating the children in the districts now 
 called Tansboro' and Pump Branch. Its 
 size was thirty-six by eighteen feet. The 
 first teacher was John Shinn, a preacher in 
 the Society of Friends. 
 
 The history of education down to the present 
 century has thus far been traced. The work 
 done by the first settlers is worthy of the highest 
 praise. While they were clearing off the land 
 and getting it ready for cultivation, even before 
 it was in a condition to support them, they 
 built houses of worship and school-houses, 
 knowing that it was only by the maintenance 
 of religion and education that true prosperity 
 and real permanence could be given to the 
 community. The best educated men were 
 selected to teach, and the land on which the 
 school-houses were built was given for a 
 nominal consideration. Early settlers per- 
 ceived that their property would be greatly 
 increased in value on account of the prox- 
 imity of a school. 
 
 The credit of commencing and continuing 
 the schools is due mainly to the Friends. 
 What education is able to accomplish may be 
 ' learned from them. It has made them a 
 class of influential and worthy citizens. No 
 class of people has been or is better educated 
 than the Friends, and no class is moi"e 
 earnest and industrious, hard-working citi- 
 zens. It can be said that they have no poor, 
 at least no paupers. The same can be said 
 of every well educated community in this 
 country and in Europe. 
 
 Wherever members of the Presbyterian 
 Church settled, there also the church and the 
 school-house were erected, and very gener- 
 • ally the minister acted as school-teacher, be- 
 sides attending to his ministerial duties. 
 
 The schools mentioned, except that of the 
 Friends at Haddonfield, were pay schools. 
 
312 
 
 HISTOKY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEESEY. 
 
 The population of the territory now em- 
 braced in Camden County in 1800 was 
 about four thousand, and the proportion of 
 schools to the population was one to every 
 four hundred inhabitants. If the number of 
 children was one-fourth the population, then 
 there was a school for every one hundred 
 children of school a^e, about the same pro- 
 portion as at the present time. 
 
 In 1803, in Greenville District, No. 6, 
 Joseph Morgan, for five shillings, sold one- 
 half acre to Joseph Champion, Esq., Isaac 
 Thorn, Elizabeth Kay, Benjamin Morgan, 
 Joseph Burrough, Jr., Marmaduke Shivers, 
 Nathaniel Barton, John Rudderow, Thomas 
 Curtis, Jacob Evaul, Frederic Plum and 
 Benjamin Archer. On this land a school- 
 house was built, twenty-seven feet by twenty 
 feet, with the ceiling twelve feet high. It 
 was used seventy-two years. In 1810 a 
 school-house was built in Horner District, 
 No. 9, near the road leading from Haddon- 
 field to Glendale, on land owned by Jacob 
 Horner. The frame was oak and weather- 
 boards cedar. It was twenty-two by eighteen 
 feet, with a ceiling eight feet high, and the 
 sides were lined with bricks. It had six 
 windows, each containing twelve panes of 
 glass, eight by ten inches. The first teacher 
 was John C. Thackara ; the next, John Dun- 
 levy ; John Stafford, a native of England, 
 also taught here. He was one of Washing- 
 ton's body-guard during the Revolution, 
 and at the battle of Germantown was thrown 
 from his horse and seriously injured. He 
 recovered from his injury and lived to be a 
 very old man. In 1872 the house was re- 
 built on a lot purchased of Montgomery 
 Stafford. 
 
 In 1809 the first public school-house was 
 built in Haddonfield. William Estaugh 
 Hopkins gave twenty-seven hundredths of 
 an acre to John Clement, Bowman Hendry, 
 John Roberts, Turner Risdon, Joseph C. 
 Elfreth and John Thompson, trustees of 
 Haddonfield Grove School for the purpose 
 
 of building a school-house, which was also 
 used as a place of religious worship. In this 
 building the Baptist, the Methodist Episco- 
 pal, the Protestant Episcopal and the Pres- 
 byterian churches of the town originated. 
 It has been in constant use since it was built. 
 Since the erection of the beautiful and com- 
 modious school-house, situated on Chestnut 
 Street, the old house has been used by the 
 school for colored children. 
 
 Prior to 1811 a frame school-house was 
 built in Clementon District, of which no 
 records could be found. It stood on what is 
 called the Stafford road, and was torn down 
 in 1811. Another one was built on the road 
 leading from White Horse (now Kirkwood) 
 to Clementon the same year. Its size was 
 thirty feet long and twenty-two wide, the 
 ceiling thirteen feet high. It still does ser- 
 vice in the cause of education. The ground 
 ou which it stands, consisting of one acre 
 and one rod, was given by Thomas Bran- 
 son to William Rudderow, Joseph Crawford, 
 Samuel Chambers, Ephraim Hillman, Joseph 
 Dill, Benjamin Tomlinson, John Thorn and 
 William Branson as trustees for the nominal 
 sum of one dollar. The first teachers in this 
 school-house were John Stafford and William 
 Thorn. The inhabitants in the vicinity of 
 Rosendale, living along the Burlington 
 turnpike, two miles from Camden, about 
 1816, built a log house twenty-four by 
 twenty-two feet, with the ceiling seven feet 
 high. It stood in the grove opposite the 
 present school-house and was called the Bald- 
 win School. The teachers were a woman and 
 her daughter from Philadelphia, who made 
 the school-house their home. In this house 
 Abel Curtis and Edward Ewbanks taught. 
 In 1827 the building fell down and there 
 was no school in the district until 1838 ; the 
 children in the mean time went to Greenville 
 School. In 1820 a little square school-house 
 was built in Pump Branch District, No. 37, 
 near Blue Anchor, which was used until 1874, 
 when another and a very superior house was 
 
EDUCATION. 
 
 313 
 
 built about three-quarters of a mile from the 
 old site. In 1825 the first school-house was 
 built at Mount Ephraim. It was a frame 
 building about twenty feet square. Mickle 
 Clement was the first teacher. School was held 
 in it until 1859, when the present building was 
 put up. The people of Rowandtown bought 
 half an acre for one dollar from Jacob Cle- 
 ment, in 1828, on the Haddonfield and Cam- 
 den road, about two miles from Haddonfield. 
 It was a frame building, the sides lined with 
 brick and plastered, and ceiled above. It 
 was twenty-four by twenty feet, the ceiling 
 eight and a half feet high . It was used forty- 
 four years, although the number of children 
 in the district had increased during that time 
 to one hundred and forty. For many years 
 it was the custom to have a male teacher in 
 the winter and a female in the summer. This 
 had become a very general practice about 
 that time, and was continued until about 
 1870 in many of the districts, to the very 
 great injury of the schools. Dayton Du- 
 vall was the first male teacher and Ann 
 Bassett the first female teacher. A brick 
 school-house, octagonal in shape, was built 
 in "Westville District, No. 14, since set 
 over to Gloucester County and another 
 house built. School had been held in a 
 log tenant-house before this, about three 
 months each winter. The octagonal building 
 stood until 1873, when it was demolished, 
 and a neat two-story frame building erected 
 on its site. 
 
 The first school in Winslow District was 
 commenced in 1831 in a log house. The 
 next year a frame house was built for the 
 joint use of the Methodist Church and the 
 school. The same building, enlarged, is still 
 used as a school-house. Deborah Hunt was 
 the first teacher. In 1806, a school-house 
 was built at Ellisburg, by subscription, and 
 in 1831 Joseph Ellis gave half an acre "to 
 the inhabitants of the town of Waterford for 
 the establishment of a good school for the edu- 
 cation of the children of the inhabitants of 
 
 Ellisburg and vicinity with competent teach- 
 ers." The school was to be "for the im- 
 provement of the moral and literary character 
 of the youth and the more general diffusion 
 of science." On this lot a brick house was 
 built and used both as a school-house and 
 hall for elections and town-meetings. An- 
 other story has been added to it. Near Ellis- 
 burg, there stood in former years a house 
 known as Murrell's School-house, but the 
 exact site is not known. 
 
 The inhabitants of Jackson District built 
 their first school-house in 1833, on the road 
 leading from Jackson to Hay's mill, but in 
 1865 they moved it to the village of Jackson 
 and rebuilt it. In 1838 two school-houses 
 were built, one in Gibbsboro' District and 
 the other at Sicklerville. One acre at Gibbs- 
 boro' was conveyed by William Wharton to 
 Ahab Fowler, Joseph Graisbury and Wash- 
 ington Schlosser for school purposes. It was 
 made a present to the district by Mr. Whar- 
 ton. Eliza Ann Dillon was the first teacher. 
 The people of Sicklerville erected their school- 
 house near where the Methodist Church now 
 stands, but afterwards removed it to near the 
 site of the present school-house, built in 1867. 
 Paul H. Sickler was the first teacher. 
 
 In 1840 the inhabitants of Spring Mills, 
 thinking that the Blackwoodtown school was 
 too far from them, determined to have one 
 for themselves. A frame house was built 
 for that purpose by the liberality of the pro- 
 prietors of Spring Mills Fork Works, and 
 Amanda Stevens was employed as the first 
 teacher. So good was the school that many 
 of the children in Blackwoodtown walked to 
 it, a distance of one and a half miles. In 
 1844 three school-houses were opened for 
 their appropriate work, — one in Laurel Mill 
 District, one in Mechanicsville, No. 20, and 
 one in Glendale, No. 26. John P. Harker 
 was the first teacher. When the house was 
 built, doubtless by the liberality of Ephraim 
 Tomlinson, it was sold to the district by Mr. 
 Tomlinson in 1874, when it was repaired. A 
 
314 
 
 HISTOEY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEKSEY. 
 
 frame school-house was built in Meehanics- 
 ville District, on the Blackwoodtown turn- 
 pike, which was used until 1850, when another 
 one, twenty-three feet long by seventeen feet 
 wide, was erected on the road leading to Al- 
 monessen. Rev. R. J. Burt, a graduate of 
 Princeton College, was the first teacher. A 
 small frame building was put up in Glendale 
 District, near Ashland Station, and was used 
 until 1855, when the Methodists built a 
 church at Glendale village, and the inhabi- 
 tants contributed towards its erection, with 
 the understanding that the basement should 
 be used for school purposes. It has so been 
 used since it was built. 
 
 During the period from 1800 to 1846 
 there seems to have been a decline in the 
 character of the schools. While some of the 
 teachers employed were capable men and 
 women, most of them were able to give in- 
 struction only in the merest elements of the 
 ordinary branches. As a general thing, the 
 only branches taught were spelling, reading, 
 writing and arithmetic. The text-books 
 most in use were Comly's Spelling-Book, the 
 Introduction to the English Reader, the Eng- 
 lish Reader and Sequel, and Pike's or Rose's 
 Arithmetic. Any one who went as far as 
 the "rule of three" in arithmetic was con- 
 sidered a well-educated man. This continued 
 the standard in many of the districts until 
 about 1870. 
 
 The pupils in the schools in those days 
 were not classified except in reading and in 
 spelling, and the classes in reading were so 
 numerous that almost the whole forenoon was 
 occupied in hearing them. The schools were 
 kept open three months in some places 
 and the whole year in others, the average time 
 being about six months. All the schools 
 were pay-schools, and this feature necessarily 
 prevented poor people from sending their 
 children. The cost was about three cents 
 per day for each pupil. The mode of cor- 
 rection was universally with the rod. "Reg- 
 ular fights would sometimes take place when 
 
 the teacher would undertake to flog a boy as 
 large as himself. In one instance, a young 
 girl about seventeen years old was beaten so 
 hard on the hand that she had to stay home 
 for several weeks because she was so crippled 
 that she could not use her hand." The 
 school-houses and school furniture had re- 
 mained unimproved for over one hundred 
 years. The houses were all of the primitive 
 type, small parallelograms, built about large 
 enough to stow away forty or fifty children in, 
 without much regard to health or comfort and 
 none as to ventilation. The furniture consisted 
 of desks ten or twelve feet long, and benches 
 the same length, without any backs and so 
 high that the feet of the little children could 
 not reach the floor. There were no black- 
 boards nor apparatus of any kind. While 
 private dwellings were improving in size, 
 shape and internal arrangerrients, better 
 and more comfortably shaped furniture was 
 placed within them; while everything per- 
 taining to agriculture, manufactures, me- 
 chanics, etc., was being improved, school- 
 houses, school furniture and school apparatus 
 were about the same as they were a century 
 before. ' ' 
 
 New School Law. — An important epoch 
 in the history of education in New Jersey 
 began with the passage by the Legislature ot 
 the act " that authorized, empowered and re- 
 quired the inhabitants of the several town- 
 ships, at their annual town-meetings^ to raise 
 by tax or otherwise, in addition to the amount 
 apportioned by the State to their use, such 
 further sum or sums of money as they may 
 deem proper for the support of public schools, 
 at least equal to and not more than double 
 the amount of such apportionment."- This 
 was brought about by a spirit of dissatisfactibh 
 with the then existing condition of education. 
 In many parts of the State an agitation was 
 going on for something better ; and m Gfldu- 
 cester County, in 1842, which at that time 
 included Camden County, a very "import- 
 ant meeting was held in accordance with the 
 
EDUCATION. 
 
 315 
 
 following notice to the school committee of 
 Gloucester County, for a convention to be held 
 at the court-house November 19, 1842, "to 
 take into consideration the state of public 
 education and suggest such alteration and 
 amendments as may be deemed necessary in 
 the State laws respecting public schools." 
 
 The following-named persons represented 
 t|ie districts indicated : Waterford township, 
 Benjamin W. Cooper, Joseph Porter, Rich- 
 ard Stafford ; Newton township, John M. 
 Kaighn, Jacob L. Rowand, Thomas Redman, 
 Jr.; the city of Camden, Richard Fetters, 
 Thomas Chapman, Joseph W. Cooper. 
 
 A public school meeting of inhabitants of 
 Gloucester County was held pursuant to the 
 above notice, 19th November, 1842, at the 
 court-house in Woodbury. Charles Reeves 
 was chosen chairman and Thomas Redman 
 secretary. "Waterford, Newton, Deptford, 
 Greenwich and Gloucester were represented. 
 John B. Harrison, Thos. P. Carpenter and 
 Charles Knight were appointed a committee 
 to make a report at next meeting as to best 
 means of improving schools. Adjourned to 
 December 15, 1842, when another meeting 
 was held and the report read. Dr. I. S. 
 Mulford and John B. iBfarrison were chosen 
 to embody the views into a memorial to pre- 
 sent to the Legislature and to get signers. 
 
 This gave a great impetus to the cause of 
 general education. In a short time all the 
 townships began tp raise the necessary sums 
 of money and a system of partially free 
 schools was inaugurated. An additional im- 
 petus was given by the act of 1851, when 
 the townships were permitted to raise three 
 dollars per scholar. 
 
 In the Hillman District a school-house was 
 built by the Friends in 1836, and one in 
 Waterford in 1835. 
 
 Before 1846 twenty-seven schools had 
 been established in the county outside of Cam- 
 den City, with an equal number of depart- 
 ments and teachers. Since then nineteen ad- 
 ditional schools have been opened and the 
 
 number of departments and teachers has 
 increased to sixty-six, the greatest increase 
 having taken place in 1866. 
 
 In 1848 a new school-house of stone was 
 built in Blackwoodtown, the old one which 
 stood for about half a century having been 
 burned. An academy was opened in that 
 village, in which boys were prepared for 
 business or for college. It was sustained 
 until 1870, when a two-story public school- 
 house was built. The school was put on 
 such a basis that the children could receive 
 as good an education as at the academy, ex- 
 cept that Latin and Greek were not taught. 
 
 In 1853 a frame school-house was built at 
 Irish Hill, in Centre township, and was occu- 
 pied until 1881, when a very fine, commodious 
 and well equipped house was built. In 1853 
 the people of Berlin built a school-house, 
 which did good service until 1874, when the 
 present beautiful and commodious structure 
 was erected, one of the very best school-houses 
 in Camden County. In 1855 a school-house 
 at Greenland, No. 1 5, was built on a lot do- 
 nated by Charles L. Willits and was used 
 until 1882, when another of those neat 
 structures that are now found in almost every 
 school district was built. The people in Dis- 
 trict No. 15 have done nobly in erecting for 
 the colored people the finest school-house for 
 colored children in any country district in 
 South Jersey. It is a two-story frame build- 
 ing, forty feet long and thirty-six feet wide. 
 
 During the year 1855 the people in Chees- 
 man District put up a school building. It 
 was located in the woods, more than half a 
 mile from any public road, but has been re- 
 moved to a more suitable location and the 
 district has been divided. 
 
 As Hammonton, in Atlantic County, newly 
 settled in 1859, began to grow and extend 
 into Camden County, the people who settled 
 at North Hammonton (now called Elm), 
 being mostly of New England stock, a 
 school-house was erected in 1861, and a 
 good school has been maintained there ever 
 
316 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 since. In 1864 Tansboro' District was divided 
 into two districts, a serious mistake, and in 
 the nortiiern one, called Tansboro' North, No. 
 34, a school-house was built. A house was 
 also built in 1858. In 1865 a school was 
 opened in a little building in Milford Dis- 
 trict, No. 28, belonging to the German 
 Church, and held there until 1884, when a 
 public school-house was erected. In 1867 
 the settlement at Atco by New England 
 people built a school-house. In 1868 a good 
 building was put up in Bates Mill District, 
 and in 1869 an equally good one was erected 
 in Ancora District. This same year a small 
 house was built in Davisville District, No. 
 23. During this year the beautiful stone 
 structure that graces the borough of Haddon- 
 field was built, one of the most substantial 
 and elegant school-houses in the State. It 
 has four school-rooms, besides other rooms 
 for class recitations or study purposes. In 
 1870 Merchantville built its first public 
 school-house, with two rooms. It is quite an 
 ornament to the borough. In 1875 a portion 
 of Waterford District was added to Park 
 District, in Atlantic County, and was called 
 Parkdale District, No. 42. A site was secured 
 in this county and a school-house built. 
 Wrightsville District, No. 43, was set off 
 from Eosendale in 1877, and soon after a 
 one-story building, capable of accommodating 
 seventy children, was built. In a few years 
 another story was added, giving accommo- 
 dations for one hundred and twenty children. 
 In 1877 an additional building was erect- 
 ed in Cheesman District, No. 25, because of 
 the size of the territory, and afterwards a 
 new district was formed, with this school- 
 house as the centre, and called Union Valley, 
 No. 44. To accommodate the increased 
 number of scholars in Eosendale, Champion, 
 Haddonfield and Union Districts, new school 
 buildings have been put up since 1880. In 
 1882, in Eosendale District, a two-roomed, 
 one-story building was erected, and in Had- 
 donfield, a two-story building, both of them 
 
 adapted for their work in size, construction, 
 methods of ventilation, furniture and appli- 
 ances. In 1883 a very neat, one-story house 
 was built in Champion, and in 1885, one in 
 Union. Portions of the county, especially 
 those lying nearest Camden and the boroughs 
 of Haddonfield and Merchantville, are grow- 
 ing with such rapidity that the accommoda- 
 tions for pupils must be increased every few 
 years. 
 
 The Present School System. — The 
 progress of education is pretty clearly indi- 
 cated by the progress in the building of 
 suitable school-houses. The two have gone 
 along together and show a wonderful ad- 
 vance. Nearly every old school-house, with 
 its very limited space, its low ceiling, its 
 small windows, its backless benche.?, has dis- 
 appeared, only one of such school-houses 
 being left and the old furniture is nowhere 
 to be seen. The old curriculum of studies 
 has given place to another and a broader one, 
 with very much improved methods in teach- 
 ing the different branches. The greatest im- 
 provement has taken place since 1867, when 
 the present admirable school law took effect, 
 and the supervision of all the schools in the 
 county was placed in the hands of a competent 
 man and the licensing of teachers was con- 
 fided to a competent board. Eev. Alexander 
 Gilmore was appointed the first county super- 
 intendent in 1867. He was succeeded by 
 the present incumbent, Eev. F. E. Brace, in 
 1870. Intelligent friends of education felt 
 the necessity of such action years before the 
 new law was enacted. Dr. John Snowdon, 
 who was superintendent of Winslow town- 
 ship schools in 1866, said ; " I would most 
 emphatically urge the abolition of the power 
 to license teachers, vested in the town super- 
 intendents, so as to place it beyond the con- 
 trol of local influences. The majority of the 
 applicants for licenses to teach have either a 
 relative or particular friend in the board of 
 trustees, and if they are not licensed by tiie 
 superintendent, a great deal of bad feeling 
 
EDUCATION. 
 
 317 
 
 is excited against the latter officer." Indeed, 
 even since the new order of things, occasion- 
 ally an influence, though unsuccessful, has 
 been brought to bear upon superintendent 
 and upon examiners to allow incompetent 
 persons to obtain certificates of license to 
 teach; but the great majority, at least ninety- 
 nine per cent of the whole, approve, indorse 
 and rejoice in the new order of things. 
 
 As a result of having a head to the educa- 
 tional interests of the county, a system of 
 instruction was soon devised for all the 
 schools in the county. There was no system 
 before 1871. Each teacher marked out his 
 own course of study. In order that accurate 
 knowledge of the work done in the schools 
 might be reached, circulars were sent to all 
 the teachers in the county, requesting them 
 to send on prepared blanks their schedules of 
 studies for each day, with the time devoted to 
 each recitation. From these it was learned 
 that the time devoted to reading in the differ- 
 ent schools varied from forty-eight minutes 
 to two hours and thirty-nine minutes ; 
 to spelling, from eighteen minutes to two 
 hours and twenty minutes ; to penmanship, 
 from nine minutes to thirty; to geography, 
 from fiveminut&s to one hour; to arithmetic, 
 from thirty minutes to two hours and nine 
 minutes ; to grammar, from no minutes to 
 one hour and twenty minutes. Twelve had 
 the highest classes in geography studying in 
 an intermediate geography. The highest 
 classes in arithmetic in seventeen were in 
 fractions, and the highest in grammar in 
 ten vvere in etymology. Only in ten schools 
 was natural philosophy studied ; in six, 
 physiology; in four, algebra; in six, book- 
 keeping ; in seventeen. United States His- 
 tory; and in one, drawing. A convention 
 of teachers and trustees was called in the 
 month of June, 1872. It was very largely 
 attended and a most earnest and enthusiastic 
 spirit shown. After thoroughly considering 
 the whole matter, a course of study was 
 njarked out for all the schools in the county 
 37 
 
 and a schedule of recitations adopted as a 
 guide for all the teachers. The good accom- 
 plished by this systematic course of study for 
 all the schools in the county was incalculable. 
 A new spirit was infused into the teachers. 
 They felt that they had something definite 
 and clear to mark out their pathway. This 
 was, however, not fully satisfactory to the 
 superintendent, and so in 1875 he presented 
 to both trustees and teachers a better sys- 
 tematized course of study, together with a 
 recommendation that an examination of all 
 the scholars be held in connection therewith, 
 and that those pupils who should complete 
 the course of study and pass a satisfactory ex- 
 amination therein, should receive a certificate 
 or diploma as a recognition of the fact. This 
 was unanimously adopted, but on account of 
 the shortness of time and the great amount 
 of work to be done for the Centennial Expo- 
 sition in Philadelphia, the regular examina- 
 tion could not be attempted that year, and 
 was_ therefore deferred to the succeeding 
 year. In the spring of 1877 the first 
 regular examination of the schools was held, 
 the examination in each branch taking place 
 the same day in every school in the county, 
 and the same set of questions, prepared by 
 the county superintendent, being used. The 
 papers of the pupils were examined by a 
 committee of teachers, each member of the 
 committee having, as a rule, only the papers 
 in one branch, to prevent anything like 
 partiality being shown. Twenty-two pupils 
 passed the required examination and received 
 their diplomas. This was the culmination of 
 the county course of study, adopted in 1872. 
 Since then nearly every county in this State 
 and numerous counties in other States have 
 adopted our Camden County system and with 
 the happiest results. A healthful rivalry has 
 been created among the schools, which brings 
 every teacher up to his best work, and incites 
 pupils to more thorough and faithful study, 
 both teachers and pupils being anxious to have 
 their schools stand in the front rank. Strange 
 
318 
 
 HISTOEY OF CAjMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 to say, some of the best results have been 
 seen in the one department schools, when 
 every few years there are successful pupils to 
 take their diplomas. There are no ungraded 
 schools in the county. The one department 
 schools are all graded. So well has this 
 county system worked that the faculty of the 
 State Normal School adopted a resolution 
 to admit pupils who possessed a county 
 diploma to that institution without further 
 examination. It seemed to some that a still 
 higher step could be taken from a few years' 
 working of this system, and so it was taken 
 a little while afterwards and called " an ad- 
 vanced course." This almost prepares boys 
 for the Scientific Department of college. 
 
 We can look back with satisfaction upon 
 the great advance made during the last six- 
 teen years. No influence has been greater in 
 helping along this advance than the State 
 Normal School. It has done this not only 
 by sending out from its halls teachers, fully 
 prepared, well-trained and eager for the 
 work, but by stimulating others, who could 
 not, by reason of pecuniary inability, attend 
 that institution, to study and work and make 
 themselves equal in every direction, superior, 
 if possible, to Normal School graduates. 
 The motto of this county is still "Forward." 
 The best has not yet been reached, but every 
 day is seeing some progress in that direction. 
 
 Rev. F. R. Brace was born in the prov- 
 ince of Newfoundland, B. N. A., in 1832, 
 and was the son of Richard Brace, who was 
 for over twenty years keeper of the prison 
 either in the Northern District of the island 
 or in the Central District. 
 
 He acquired the principal part of his edu- 
 cation in the grammar school at Harbor 
 Grace, and was there fitted for college, al- 
 though he never entered. At the age of six- 
 teen he entered the store of a book-seller in 
 St. John's and remained there two years. 
 He there, having associated himself with 
 his elder brother, William H., commenced 
 business in Harbor Grace, but gave it up in 
 
 two years. He left Newfoundland No- 
 vember, 1853, and came to Trenton, N. J., 
 and there taught school in Morrisville, Pa., 
 opposite Trenton, one year, and the next year 
 taught the public schools at Ewing and 
 Millham, near Trenton. In 1855 he was 
 elected assistant teacher of languages and 
 mathematics in Trenton Academy. 
 
 In the spring of 1856 he was married to 
 Emma, daughter of Whilldin Foster, of 
 Trenton, N. J. He was elected principal of 
 New Paltz Academy, New York State, 
 March, 1857, and remained there two years. 
 The honorary degree of A.M. was conferred 
 upon him by Princeton College July, 1857. 
 
 Feeling that he was called to preach as 
 well as to teach, he commenced his studies 
 for the ministry, teaching by day and study- 
 ing in the evenings. He removed to East 
 Millstone, N. J., July, 1859, and opened 
 a select school, classical and mathematical. 
 While there he still pursued his theological 
 studies and after an examination in both col- 
 legiate and theological studies by the Classis 
 of New Brunswick, connected with the Re- 
 formed Church of the United States, he was 
 licensed to preach by that body. 
 
 He removed to Elwood in June, 1861, to 
 take charge of a large missionary field in 
 Atlantic County, preaching at Elwood, Ham- 
 monton. Pleasant Mills and Atlantic City. 
 In October of this year he was ordained by 
 the Presbytery of West Jersey. In 1862 he 
 was elected township superintendent of pub- 
 lic schools in Mullica township, Atlantic 
 County, and filled that office three years. In 
 1865 be was elected one of the county ex- 
 aminers of Atlantic County. He removed, 
 in March, 1867, from Hammonton to Black- 
 wood, to take charge of the Presbyterian 
 Church there, and has remained its pastor 
 until the present time. 
 
 He has been active in Bible and Sunday- 
 school work and was three years in succession 
 president of the County Sunday-school As- 
 sociation. In 1868 he was elected one of 
 
THE PEESS. 
 
 319 
 
 the trustees of the public school in Black- 
 wood, and in 1870 was appointed county 
 superintendent of Camden County, which 
 position he still holds. In 1874 he was 
 elected for that year, president of the State 
 Teachers' Association. He is now a member 
 of the State Board of Control of the Teachers' 
 Reading Circle. He is the originator of the 
 graded course of study for all schools in the 
 county, having put it into operation in the 
 county in 1872. 
 
 Mr. Brace has two brothers teaching — 
 William H., principal of the High School, 
 Trenton, and Alfred S., professor of music in 
 the State Normal School, Trenton. He has 
 five children living, two of whom are teach- 
 ing — Mary B. Clayton, in the High School, 
 New Brunswick, and Ada Brace, at Chews 
 Landing, in this county. 
 
 Some years ago he was urgently pressed to 
 take charge of the West Jersey Academy, 
 Bridgeton. He has received invitations to 
 take the pastoral charge of several churches 
 in South Jersey and Pennsylvania, but has 
 declined them all, feeling that his work was 
 in Camden County and in the quiet and 
 beautiful little village of Blackwood. 
 
 CHAPTER XVI. 
 
 THE PEESS. 
 
 The press in America is one of the most 
 potent factors in the education of the masses, 
 and its power and influence cannot be over- 
 estimated. The number of journals pub- 
 lished in this country to-day is simply wonder- 
 ful, and they circulate throughout the 
 length and breadth of the land. The im- 
 provements in use in the art of printing now, 
 in comparison to the time Benjamin Franklin 
 started his historic journal in Philadelphia, 
 is one of the wonders of this age of civiliza- 
 tion and enlightenment. 
 
 If it were possible to give in this chapter 
 
 the number of individual copies of news- 
 papers, of all kinds, taken and read by the en- 
 tire population of Camden City and County, 
 very few readers would credit the statement. 
 There are editors now living in Camden who 
 remember when there were but four or five 
 papers published in West Jersey south of 
 Burlington ; there are now a hundred or more. 
 The proximity of Camden to the city of 
 Philadelphia, and the circulation of the jour- 
 nals of that city in Camden and vicinity, 
 doubtless prevented the establishment of 
 papers here before 1820. The influential 
 Philadelphia journals, for many years past, 
 have each had correspondents in Camden 
 County, who regularly have collected and 
 prepared the local news of the day, and their 
 interesting communications can be found in 
 the files of those papers. The city and county 
 of Camden, since the date of the establish- 
 ment of the first paper here, have been 
 well supplied with local journals, some of 
 which have had a phenomenal existence 
 and others a checkered history. There are 
 those which have been, and still are, enter- 
 prising and influential journals, ably edited, 
 vigorous exponents of public opinion, and. 
 neat in typographical appearance. In the 
 succeeding pages of this chapter it is de- 
 signed to give an accurate history of journal- 
 ism in the county, together with a few prefa- 
 tory notes relating to early newspapers of 
 the vicinity. 
 
 The first newspaper published in West 
 Jersey, south of Burlington, was the Bridgeton 
 Argus, of which James D. Westcott was edi- 
 tor and proprietor. It was started in 1794, 
 continued two years, and, by a change of 
 name, was published by John Westcott, a 
 brother of the proprietor of the Argus, until 
 1805. Peter Hay, in 1815, started, at 
 Bridgeton, the Washington Whig, the second 
 paper in West Jersey. It was the organ of 
 the Jefferson Democrats. It was a prosper- 
 ous journal, but, after many changes of own- 
 ership, ceased publication in 1837. In 1818 
 
320 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 John A. Crane established, at Woodbury, the 
 Gloucester Farmer. This was the third 
 paper in West Jersey. He continued to 
 publish at that place until 1820, when he re- 
 moved presses and material to Camden, and 
 thus it became the first paper ever issued in 
 Camden County. The files of this paper 
 are in the possession of Samuel H. Grey, 
 Esq., whose father, the veteran editor, in 
 1819, commenced, at Woodbury, the publi- 
 cation of the Village Record, and soon there- 
 after removed to Camden, and there pur- 
 chased, of Johu A. Crane, the Gloucester 
 Farmer. 
 
 Samuel Ellis, a well-known school-teacher 
 of his day, on December 29, 1824, began, in 
 Camden, the publication of the American 
 Star and Rural Record. This office was on 
 the west side of Front Street, between Cooper 
 and Plum (Arch). This luminary, under 
 the control of Master Ellis, did not shine 
 very brilliantly, and, after continuing it two 
 years, he sold it to Israel Porter and J. Wollo- 
 hon, who had been apprentices in the same 
 office. The new proprietors changed the 
 name to the Camden Mail, and the office was 
 moved to the southwest corner of Second 
 Street and Market. Dr. John R. Sickler after- 
 wards bought it, and moved the office to the 
 " west side of Second Street, above Taylor's 
 Avenue." Dr. Sickler disposed of the paper 
 to a Mr. Ham, and he, on April 2, 1834, 
 sold it to Philip J. Grey, Esq. The print- 
 ing-office was then at the southwest corner 
 of Second and Arch ; price of sheet, two 
 dollars per year. In September, 1834, the of- 
 fice was removed to a building near Toy's 
 Ferry, and, on September 3, 1835, the name 
 West Jerseyman was adopted. It was then 
 next to the largest paper in West Jersey, 
 and, under the management of Mr. Grey, 
 was an influential and popular journal. The 
 name of this successful exponent of public 
 opinion, under the ownership of Judge Grey, 
 was changed to the West Jerseyman. It was 
 ably edited and obtained a large circulation. 
 
 It was enlarged at different times. The com- 
 plete files of the Mail and the West Jersey- 
 man were carefully preserved and are now 
 owned by Samuel H. Grey, Esq., of Cam- 
 den, through whose kindness and courtesy 
 the use of them was allowed the author in 
 the preparation of this history and from 
 which much valuable information relating to 
 Camden County was obtained. 
 
 Philip James Grey, Esq., was the second 
 son of Martin and Eliza Derham Grey and 
 was born in Dublin, Ireland, in 1798. His 
 father, participating in the political move- 
 ments then agitating Dublin, was obliged to 
 seek safety in flight, and came to this country 
 in the early part of this century. Dying 
 suddenly in 1804, his estate was lost in an 
 unfortunate business enterprise in which he 
 had invested it, and his widow was left in 
 very straitened circumstances. Philip J. 
 Grey, the subject of this sketch, was, at the 
 instance of the late Matthew Carey, Esq., 
 placed in the establishment of Mr. Maccul- 
 loch, a printer and bookseller, with whom he 
 remained until he had grown to manhood. 
 Upon the death of Mr. Macculloch, who had 
 bequeathed to him a sum sufficient to pur- 
 chase an outfit for a printing-office, Mr. Grey 
 removed from Philadelphia in the summer 
 of 1819 to Woodbury, N. J., where he estab- 
 lished himself in the printing business as ed- 
 itor and publisher of the Columbian Herald, 
 the first number of which was published Sep- 
 tember 23, 1819. He continued at Wood- 
 bury, where, in 1824, he was postmaster, 
 taking a prominent part in public affairs 
 until 1830, when he removed to Blackwood- 
 town and entered into business with John C. 
 Smallwood, late of Woodbury. From Black- 
 woodtown he went, at the instance of his 
 friends, Hon. Samuel L. Southard and Gen- 
 eral Zachariah liossell, to Trenton, where he 
 established a Whig newspaper. The Union. 
 Leaving Trenton, Mr. Grey entered into the 
 business of bookselling and publishing in 
 Philadelphia. While so engaged he caused 
 
THE PRESS. 
 
 321 
 
 to be reported and afterward published the 
 proceedings in the case of De Cou vs. Hen- 
 drickson, which involved the settlement of 
 the property rights of the Society of Friends, 
 then at difference among themselves upon 
 the orthodoxy of the teachings of EUas 
 Hicks. Returning to his earlier employment, 
 Mr. Grey came to Camden in 1833, where 
 he bought the Camden Mail and published it 
 until March, 1849, when the paper was en- 
 larged and its name changed to ITie West 
 Jerseyman, under which title it was published 
 by Mr. Grey until January 1, 1860, when he 
 retired from journalism. The Camden Daily 
 was published by Mr. Grey from January 4, 
 1858, to March 6, 1858, when its publication 
 was discontinued for lack of public support. 
 
 Mr. Grey was a man of marked individu- 
 ality, independence and firmness of character. 
 He was of a generous, enthusiastic and sympa- 
 thetic nature, and for many years he was a 
 prominent and influential man in Southern 
 New Jersey. In his political opinions he 
 was a Whig. After the defeat of General 
 Scott, in 1852, and the consequent disinte- 
 gration of the Whig party, Mr. Grey identi- 
 fied himself with those who opposed the ex- 
 tension of slavery into the Territories of 
 Kansas and Nebraska. He was a leader and 
 became at an early period actively interested 
 in the formation of the Republican party. 
 The first meeting in Camden of those in sym- 
 pathy with that organization was held at his 
 residence. No. 709 Market Street. He held 
 at different times several important and re- 
 sponsible offices. He was secretary of the 
 New Jersey Senate and for many years col- 
 lector of the port of Camden. For fifteen 
 years he was one of the judges of the Court 
 of Common Pleas of Camden County, and 
 during a large part of that time the presiding 
 judge. He was for a long period a vestry- 
 man, and at the time of his death a warden 
 of St. Paul's parish, Camden. He was twice 
 married,— first at Woodbury, in 1822, to 
 Rachel, daughter of Jacob Glover, Esq., for- 
 
 merly surrogate of Gloucester County. Af- 
 ter the death of his first wife he married, in 
 1834, Sarah Woolston, daughter of Isaac 
 Stephens, Esq. His surviving children are 
 two sous — Samuel H. Grey, Esq., of Cam- 
 den, and Martin P. Grey, Esq., of Salem, 
 N. J. — and two daughters, — Mary G. Grey 
 and Anne Grey. He died at his residence. 
 No. 709 Market Street, Camden, on the 
 morning of January 8, 1876, in the seventy- 
 seventh year of his age. 
 
 About 1830 Josiah Harrison, of Camden 
 City, issued a small sheet called the Republi- 
 can, which was continued by him for several 
 years, after which time Franklin Ferguson 
 became its proprietor. 
 
 In 1840 a new paper made its appearance, 
 called the American Eagle. It was published 
 by Charles D. Hineline, who had his oflBce 
 in a frame building on Bridge Avenue, next 
 to Elwell's Hotel. This building was after- 
 wards removed. Mr. Hineline connected 
 with him in its publication Henry Curts, 
 and afterwards sold out his interest to a man 
 by the name of Bossee, and went to the 
 West. Bossee sold his interest to Mr. Curts, 
 who was quite a facetious writer. The paper, 
 which was the organ of the American party, 
 was eventually changed to the Phcenix and 
 after a checkered history ceased publication. 
 
 The Camden Journal, a vigorous organ of 
 the American party, was established and 
 conducted by David W. Belisle, who after- 
 ward became mayor of Atlantic City. It 
 was continued for quite a time. Mr. Belisle 
 became the New Jersey correspondent of the 
 Public Ledger of Philadelphia, and after a 
 long career as a journalist died in Camden 
 during the year 1886. 
 
 The New Bepiiblic, a weekly journal. Re- 
 publican in politics, was started in 1866 by 
 Henry L. Bonsall and James M. Scovel. 
 It soon gained influence and popularity and 
 secured a large circulation, being ably edited 
 and neat in typographical appearance. Mr. 
 Scovel, at the expiration of nine years, re- 
 
322 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 tired from the paper. Henry L. Bonsall and 
 T. M. K. Lee, Jr., continued its publication 
 until a joint-stock company, composed of H. 
 L. Bonsall, George W. Gilbert, John S. Lee, 
 T. M. K. Lee, Jr. and James Warrington 
 took charge of it. Eventually the paper 
 came into the possession of Bonsall & Carse, 
 soon after which the senior proprietor retired 
 to start the Daili/ Post. John H. Fort was 
 the last owner of the New Republic. 
 
 The Argus was a Sunday paper, owned 
 and edited by John H. Fort. 
 
 The Jersey Blue was an interesting family 
 newspaper, and was started about 1858 by 
 Charles N. Pine, who continued its publication 
 for several years, and its editor afterward be- 
 came connected with the Philadelphia Day and 
 subsequently the Beoord. He was an able 
 journalist. 
 
 The West Jersey Press is the sole sur- 
 vivor of several newspaper enterprises started 
 in Camden since 1820, and is the legitimate 
 oiFspring of the Camden Mail, and subse- 
 quently of the West Jerseyman, both of which 
 were the property of the late Philip J. Grey, 
 the former being first published in the city 
 April 7, 1834. 
 
 The West Jersey Press was bought by the 
 present owner, Sinnickson Chew, in April, 
 1862, the negotiations for the purchase being 
 conducted by the late Charles P. Smith, clerk 
 of the New Jersey Supreme Court, and a 
 brother-in-law of the then owner, Colonel 
 S. C. Harbert, who was at that lime a pay- 
 master in the army. Colonel Harbert en- 
 tered the editorial field well equipped for its 
 duties by a long and active participation in 
 State and national politics, but whose connec- 
 tion with the army rendered his retirement 
 from newspaper work, in his judgment, im- 
 perative. The first number under the pres- 
 ent ownership was issued May 7, 1862. The 
 office was at that time eqtiipped with a Wash- 
 ington hand-press and an antiquated Ruggles 
 press, they constituting the entire printing 
 machinery of the establishment. The new 
 
 proprietor met with a generous support from 
 the beginning, which has continued and in- 
 creased until the present time, and until he 
 has been compelled to enlarge his equipment 
 by the addition of six of the latest improved 
 printing presses, with other material to cor- 
 respond in the various departments, making 
 the West Jersey Printing House one of the 
 largest establishments of the kind in the 
 State. In 1870 the building, fifty by ninety, 
 was erected, the entire third floor being used 
 for newspaper, book and job printing, while 
 the corner room on the first floor is used as a 
 stationery store and business department. 
 Every expense incurred or improvement 
 added to meet the wants of a growing city, 
 have met with popular approval, as has been 
 shown by a marked and permanent increase 
 of business. The West Jersey Press has al- 
 ways been a stanch and outspoken advocate 
 of Republican principles and a firm supporter 
 of the Republican party, its long and con- 
 sistent career having obtained for it a wide 
 influence in political circles. Its original size 
 was twenty-four by thirty- eight inches, but 
 it has been successively enlarged until now it 
 is a thirty-six-column sheet, thirty by forty- 
 six — the third largest paper in the State. 
 Its circulation was never so large as at 
 present. 
 
 Sinnickson Chew was born January 27, 
 1830, in Mannington township, Salem 
 County, N. J., where his parents then re- 
 sided. His Christian name indicates his 
 ancestry as being of the Swedes, who settled 
 along the shores of the Delaware River as 
 early as 1638, long before the English or 
 Dutch saw the land. Among those who 
 received deeds from John Fenwick to con- 
 firm their title, the names of Sinnic, Sinnica 
 and Sinnicker occur, and the records of Up- 
 land Court (on the opposite side of the river), 
 which date back to 1676, show this name 
 among the litigants before that tribunal. 
 The blood of the early comers was diffused 
 among the English families, and as a conse- 
 
;<£»*<^ <i^^-<=«^ 
 
THE PRESS. 
 
 323 
 
 quence the name followed the line of rela- 
 tionship and was gradually changed to the 
 present spelling. The direct and collateral 
 branches of the family have always been 
 prominent in the affairs of church and State 
 and still have a firm hold upon the confi- 
 dence and good opinion of the people in 
 Southern Jersey. Equipped with such edu- 
 cation as could be gathered there from the 
 country schools and fancying the business of 
 a printer, Sinnickson Chew, in 1845, entered 
 the office of the Constitution, published at 
 Woodbury, N. J., by A. S. Barber. Here 
 he soon mastered the " art and mystery," 
 and in due time became the " post-boy " to 
 the office. With a horse and sulky he rode 
 the length and breadth of the counties of 
 Camden and Gloucester, distributing the 
 news of the week at every store and cross- 
 roads, where he was a welcome. visitor. Per- 
 haps the poet can better describe him as he — 
 
 " Who whistles as he goes, — light-hearted wretch, 
 Cold, and yet cheerful, messenger of grief 
 Perhaps to thousands, and of joy to some : 
 To him indifferent whether grief or joy." 
 
 In 1851 he left his master's employ and 
 went to Philadelphia, in the composing de- 
 partment of the type foundry of L. Johnson 
 & Co., but the same year he became connected 
 with the National Standard, of Salem, N. J., 
 Charles P. Smith, editor. In a short time, 
 associated with William S. Sharp, he pur- 
 chased this paper and continued its publication, 
 under the firm-name of Sharp & Chew, until 
 1862, when he made overtures for the pur- 
 chase of the State Gazette, at Trenton, N. J. 
 In this he was defeated by Jacob E. Freese, 
 at that time the lessee, and soon after (May, 
 1862) he bought the entire interest of the 
 West Jersey Press, of Camden, and became its 
 editor and publisher. He soon infused new 
 life into this journal and made it the leading 
 Republican paper in the western part of the 
 State. Although a forcible writer, and firm 
 in his political convictions, yet he concedes 
 to his opponents the right to their own line 
 
 of thought. He never loses sight of the 
 great moral necessities of the times, nor will 
 he sacrifice them even when a political ad- 
 vantage is at stake. His paper is always a 
 means to discuss local or general topics, but 
 not open to peroonalitics or questionable cor- 
 respondence. With such a reputation, the 
 West Jersey Press is regardedas a safe me- 
 dium of county news, and is read by all who 
 are in full faith with its political notions, 
 and by many who neither think nor vote as 
 the editor would advise. 
 
 For three years, from 1872, he was con- 
 secutively elected by the House of Assembly 
 of New Jersey to the responsible position of 
 clerk of that body, and was conceded by his 
 political opponents to have been courteous 
 and polite to all. His fidelity to his political 
 friends is strong and lasting, and his devotion 
 to the principles of the political party of 
 which he is an honored member, is well 
 known throughout his native state. His 
 tact and energy are evidenced in the erection 
 of the " Press " building, where he conducts 
 an active business, giving personal attention 
 to the details of the various kinds of work, 
 and not neglecting improvements that aid so 
 much in speed and finish. 
 
 As one of the active members of the Edi- 
 torial Association of New Jersey, Mr. Chew 
 has brought about many improvements in 
 the working of that body. The business 
 meetings bring the members into closer in- 
 tercourse, and the annual excursions are pop- 
 ular and make friendships where otherwise 
 none would exist. On May 8, 1860, Mr. 
 Chew married Sarah A., daughter of Samuel 
 W. Miller, then sheriff of Salem County. 
 His surviving children are, — Lillie M., the 
 wife of Oliver Smith, Jr., and William H. 
 and Eddie H. 
 
 The Camden Democrat. — The first 
 number of the Camden Democrat, under that 
 name, was published Saturday, January 3, 
 1846, by Charles D. Hineline. It was a 
 well-printed, carefully-edited four-page pa- 
 
324 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 per of twenty-eight columns. Its office of 
 publication was the second story of a frame 
 building (since destroyed by fire), which 
 stood at the southeast corner of Second and 
 Federal Streets. Hineline was a man of 
 considerable ability, as handsome as he was 
 able, and the Demoorat, under his adminis- 
 tration, soon took front rank among the 
 newspapers of the day. Mr. Hineline con- 
 tinued as publisher of the paper until 185o, 
 when he disposed of his intci'cst to Colonel 
 Isaac Mickle, who held the editorial reins of 
 the publication until lus death, in 1855, 
 when it passed into the hands of his cousin, 
 Isaac W. Mickle. Colonel Mickle was per- 
 haps the brainiest of the many able men 
 whose intellects liave illumined the })agos of 
 the Democrat during its forty years of life. 
 He was a lawyer of acknowledged ability, 
 but a reformer for all that. He was also 
 known to have been the author of several 
 well-written dramas, which, however, his 
 innate modesty prevented from appearing on 
 the stage, and this same trait, or lack of self- 
 assertion, is shown in his " Reminiscences of 
 Old Gloucester," an invaluable contribution 
 to the historical data of West Jersey, in 
 which the name of Mickle does not appear, 
 although his ancestor, Archibald Mickle, 
 was one of the first settlers, and contem- 
 poraneous with William Cooper, William 
 Royden and John Kaighn. His successor 
 was familiarly known as " Captain Ike " and 
 " General Ike," both titles being his of right 
 — that of captain not for service in the Mex- 
 ican War which he rendered, but from his 
 being the commandant of the Camden Light 
 Artillery, a crack military organization of a 
 generation ago, and also because of his ser- 
 vice as a company commandant in the War 
 of the Rebellion. His title of " general " 
 came with the Governor's commission ap- 
 pointing him brigadier-general of the militia 
 of Camden County. Captain Mickle was a 
 well-educated lawyer, oi more than ordinary 
 merit, but he cared nothing for literary work. 
 
 and under his mauagcmcnt the Ihirun'rnt lost 
 ground. Twelve months later James M. 
 C^assady became possessed of an interest, and, 
 under his aggressive direction, would have 
 soon retrieved its declining fortunes, but 
 other arrangements interfered, and lie, in 
 turn, matlc way for John Hood, who became, 
 in 1S5S, the sole proprietor of the paper. 
 The period was a fateful one to Democratic 
 newspapers. 
 
 The all-al)sorbing Kansas-Nebraska contro- 
 versy, disintegrating the party, made it diffi- 
 cult to steer clear oi' the many reefs protru- 
 ding above the surfacKi of the political watei-s, 
 and INIr. Hood's case was not an exception to 
 the rule. But the DemoGi'at, however it may 
 have erred in opinion, was never a cowardly 
 neutral on any question, and, amid the 
 cross-seas of those troublous times, the helm 
 was set hard a-port, and the colors of the 
 "Little Giant" — Stephen A. Douglas — 
 were floated to the breeze. This led to a 
 rupture with some of the Democratic leaders, 
 and, although Hood was fully able to take 
 care of himself, ho cared little for fi-aterual 
 strife, and was induced to relinquish tiie 
 property to parties in the intei'est of (Jolonel 
 Morris R. Hamilton, the present State libra- 
 rian. Colonel Hamilton assumed charge of 
 the Democrat in 1860, but only for a short 
 time, being ofl'ered a more responsible posi- 
 tion on the Newark JoariuU. 
 
 The Demoorat's next editor was Charles 
 N. I'ine. He was a brilliant writer, but ids 
 stay was brief, and for years thereafter the 
 career of the paper was of varied and gloomy 
 uncertainty. William Zane was, for a time, 
 its foreman and business manager, and, un- 
 der his care, the mental i)abulum of the in- 
 stitution was supplied by a multitude of vol- 
 unteers, and yet it naanaged to survive. In 
 1867 Colonel Alexander Donelson, formerly 
 of the Somerset .McKxein/er, took editorial 
 charge, but he died a few months afterwards, 
 and. the veteran Zane again found himself 
 dependent for editorial matter upon volun- 
 
THE PRESS. 
 
 325 
 
 teers, whose offerings were iu too many cases 
 worth no more than they cost. 
 
 In 1870 a company was formed as the 
 " Camden Democratic Co-Operative Associa- 
 tion," the incorporators being Thomas Mc- 
 Keen, Isaiah Woolston, James M. Cassady, 
 Chalkley Albertson, Cooper P. Browning, 
 John Clement, William Sexton, Richard S. 
 Jenkins, Henry Fredericks and James S. 
 Henry. John H. Jones, editor of the 
 American Bannei', the'organ of Native Amer- 
 icanism in Philadelphia, was appointed ed- 
 itor, and Lyman B. Cole, manager. Finan- 
 cially, the business of the office was not a 
 success, but Jones was a man of unpolished 
 power, talking to the people in language and 
 of subjects they understood, and with an 
 earnestness which carried conviction to those 
 appealed to. He was a large-hearted man, 
 and an. earnest advocate of the cause of the 
 laboring classes. Under his regime the 
 Democrat became quite popular, and wielded 
 its old-time influence in the community. In 
 1874 Jones was elected mayor, but did not 
 live to serve his term out, his death taking 
 place in 1876. The paper was then con- 
 ducted for a time by Dr. Thomas Westcott 
 and Charles G. Dickinson, stock-owners in the 
 company, and, in 1878, was sold to Messrs. 
 Wills & Semple, the former at that time as now 
 publisher of the Mount Holly Herald. Mr. 
 Semple assumed editorial control, and con- 
 tinued to direct the fortunes of the paper un- 
 til June, 1884, when Mr. Wills purchased 
 his interest. The following • January the 
 paper passed into the hands of Messrs. 
 Courter & Carpenter, who, in turn, six 
 months later, transferred the property to C. 
 S. Magrath, who, for fourteen years, had 
 controlled the interests of the Cape May 
 Wave. Under his management the Demo- 
 crat was enlarged to a thirty-six-column 
 folio. 
 
 The first attempt to publish a daily in 
 Camden was made by Judge Grey. The 
 name of this sprightly little journal was 
 
 the Camden Daily, and the name was soon 
 changed to the Camden Evening Daily. It 
 was started January 4, 1858, and continued 
 until March 6th of the same year. 
 
 The Tribune was a daily paper started in 
 September, 1875. It continued to be pub- 
 lished for two short weeks and then collapsed, 
 its effects having fallen a prey to an officer of 
 the law. It gently succumbed and never 
 recovered from the disaster that so defiantly 
 caused its untimely death and burial. 
 
 The Post, the first daily of Camden that 
 succeeded and became a permanently estab- 
 lished journal, was founded on October 2, 
 1875, by Henry L. Bonsall, Bartram L. 
 Bonsall and Jacob C. Mayhew. It was first 
 issued as- an independent daily and sold at 
 two cents a copy. Its office was originally 
 at 205 Federal Street, where the type was 
 set, and the paper was run off at the Camden 
 Democrat office. 
 
 The edition for the first year was small, 
 and the patronage was not very encouraging. 
 The enterprising publishers, however, held 
 that if they could continue the publication 
 of the paper one year, the public would con- 
 clude that it had come to stay. The office 
 was moved to 116 Federal Street and a new 
 press purchased. At the close of the first 
 year the circulation was not more than three 
 hundred. The price was reduced to one 
 cent per copy and the patronage was thus 
 greatly increased. Jacob C. Mayhew retired 
 from his connection with the paper, and 
 Charles Whitecar and W. E. Schoch, now 
 editor of the Woodbury Liberal Press, be- 
 came members of the firm. The Bonsalls 
 soon afterward became sole proprietors. 
 The determined policy of the Post, in bold 
 and defiant attacks upon public wrong-doing, 
 gave it prestige and popularity and won 
 for it many firm friends. It became an 
 Independent Republican paper and has 
 maintained that policy to date, being recog- 
 nized as a fearless advocate of the rights 
 of the people and a faithful chronicler of 
 
328 
 
 HISTOKY OP CAMDEN COIFNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 February 24, 1886, by James M. Fitzgerald 
 and Alvah M. Smith. The paper is Democratic 
 in politics. A feature of the enterprise was the 
 construction of a telegraph line from the 
 office, 95 Federal Street, to Coopers Point, 
 where connection was made with the Balti- 
 more and Ohio cables. By this means the 
 journal secured, in fact, became a part of, the 
 eastern circuit of the United Press system, 
 and by locating an operator in their office, 
 received dispatches direct. It is the only 
 journal in the State having a direct tele- 
 graphic news service. On September 16th, 
 Mr. Fitzgerald purchased the one-third in- 
 terest of Mr. Smith, and the latter retired 
 from the business. 
 
 The New Jersey Temperance Gazette 
 was established in 1869 at Vineland, as a 
 monthly publication, under the name of the 
 New Jersey Good Templar, N. P. Potter, 
 editor. With varied success and failure, the 
 paper continued to be published under the 
 above name until 1875, when it was pur- 
 chased by J. B. Graw, and its name changed 
 to the New Jersey Good Templar and Tem- 
 perance Gazette; its place of publication was 
 changed from Vineland to Toms River. In 
 1881 the paper was moved to Camden and 
 its name changed to the Nem Jersey Temper- 
 ance Gazette. From 1881 to 1883 it was 
 published as an Independent Prohibition 
 newspaper. In 1883 it began to advocate 
 the principles of the Prohibition party and 
 supported Rev. Solomon Parsons for Gov- 
 ernor of New Jersey. From that time on- 
 ward it advocated and defended the princi- 
 ples of the Prohibition party. In 1884 
 A. C. Graw was admitted as a partner, and 
 the Gazette is now published by J. B. Graw 
 & Son, at 131 Federal Street, Camden. 
 
 Rev. J. B. Graw, D.D., editor of the 
 Temperance Gazette, was born in Rah way, 
 N. J., October 24, 1832, and was educated 
 at Rahway and Bloomfield Seminaries, and 
 in New York High School. He was ad- 
 mitted iuto the New Jersey Annual Confer- 
 
 ence in 1855. He entered the United States 
 service as chaplain in September, 1861, 
 having taken a prominent part in organizing 
 a company of volunteers. For a few months, 
 while in the service, he had command of a 
 regiment. He has taken a deep interest iu 
 the temperance cause, assisting in the State 
 organization in 1867, and occupying one of 
 the high&st positions for five years. He 
 represented the State organization in various 
 places in the United States, and was sent to 
 London as a delegate in 1873. He also 
 edited the New Jersey Gazette for several 
 years. He was a delegate to the General 
 Conference of 1872 and 1876, and has been 
 a member of the book couimittee since 1875. 
 He has served as trustee of Pennington 
 Seminary and as a trustee of Dickinson Col- 
 lege. He has also been presiding elder on 
 the Burlington and New Brunswick Districts. 
 The Camden County Journal is a 
 weekly, printed in German, and was established 
 by Alexander Schlesinger, in March, 1883, as 
 the first newspaper published in that lan- 
 guage in Southwestern New Jersey. The 
 publisher, who had thirteen years' experience 
 as a managing editor, both in the Fatherland 
 and in this country, moved from Philadelphia 
 to Camden, for the purpose of giving the 
 German citizens of this district an organ 
 printed in their own language. It was first 
 issued as a four-page six-column sheet. It 
 seemed, indeed, to meet a long-felt want, for 
 fifteen weeks later it came out regularly with 
 a supplement of the same size. After four more 
 months it was enlarged to eight columns, 
 and after an existence of eleven months it 
 greeted its readers as a nine-column sheet. 
 The paper gained popularity when it en- 
 couraged the Germans in America to cele- 
 brate the 6th day of October, 1883, the bi- 
 centennial of the foundation of Germantown, 
 and advocated German emigration to this 
 country. The German citizens, aided by the 
 mayor, the police and the Fire Department, 
 turned out a splendid section to the parade 
 
THE PEESS. 
 
 325 
 
 teers, whose oflferings were in too many cases 
 worth no more than they cost. 
 
 In 1870 a company was formed as the 
 " Camden Democratic Co-Operative Associa- 
 tion," the incorporators being Thomas Mc- 
 Keen, Isaiah Woolston, James M. Cassady, 
 Chalkley Albertson, Cooper P. Browning, 
 John Clement, William Sexton, Eichard S. 
 Jenkins, Henry Fredericks and James S. 
 Henry. John H. Jones, editor of the 
 American Banner, the'organ of Native Amer- 
 icanism in Philadelphia, was appointed ed- 
 itor, and Lyman B. Cole, manager. Finan- 
 cially, the business of the office was not a 
 success, but Jones was a man of unpolished 
 power, talking to the people in language and 
 of subjects they understood, and with an 
 earnestness which carried conviction to those 
 appealed to. He was a large-hearted man, 
 and an earnest advocate of the cause of the 
 laboring classes. Under his regime the 
 Democrat became quite popular, and wielded 
 its old-time influence in the community. In 
 1874 Jones was elected mayor, but did not 
 live to serve his term out, his death taking 
 place in 1876. The paper was then con- 
 ducted for a time by Dr. Thomas Westcott 
 and Charles G. Dickinson, stock-owners in the 
 company, and, in 1878, was sold to Messrs. 
 Wills & Semple, the former at that time as now 
 publisher of the Mount Holly Herald. Mr. 
 Semple assumed editorial control, and con- 
 tinued to direct the fortunes of the paper un- 
 til June, 1884, when Mr. Wills purchased 
 his interest. The following January the 
 paper passed into the hands of Messrs. 
 Courter & Carpenter, who, in turn, six 
 months later, transferred the property to C. 
 S. Magrath, who, for fourteen years, had 
 controlled the interests of the Cape May 
 Wave. Under his management the Demo- 
 crat was enlarged to a thirty-six-column 
 folio. 
 
 The first attempt to publish a daily in 
 Camden was made by Judge Grey. The 
 name of this sprightly little journal was 
 86 
 
 the Camden Daily, and the name was soon 
 changed to the Camden Evening Daily. It ' 
 was started January 4, 1858, and continued 
 until March 6th of the same year. 
 
 The Tribune was a daily paper started in 
 September, 1875. It continued to be pub- 
 lished for two short weeks and then collapsed, 
 its effects having fallen a prey to an officer of 
 the law. It gently succumbed and never 
 recovered from the disaster that so defiantly 
 caused its untimely death and burial. 
 
 The Post, the first daily of Camden that 
 succeeded and became a permanently estab- 
 lished journal, was founded on October 2, 
 1^75, by Henry L. Bonsall, Bartram L. 
 Bonsall and Jacob C. Mayhew. It was first 
 issued as an independent daily and sold at 
 two cents a copy. Its office was originally 
 at 205 Federal Street, where the type was 
 set, and the paper was run off at the Camden 
 Democrat office. 
 
 The edition for the first year was small, 
 and the patronage was not very encouraging. 
 The enterprising publishers, however, held 
 that if they could continue the publication 
 of the paper one year, the public would con- 
 clude that it had come to stay. The office 
 was moved to 116 Federal Street and a new 
 press purchased. At the close of the first 
 year the circulation was not more than three 
 hundred. The price was reduced to one 
 cent per copy and the patronage was thus 
 greatly increased. Jacob C. Mayhew retired 
 from his connection with the paper, and 
 Charles Whitecar and W. E. Schoch, now 
 editor of the Woodbury Liberal Press, be- 
 came members of the firm. The Bonsalls 
 soon afterward became sole proprietors. 
 The determined policy of the Post, in bold 
 and defiant attacks upon public wrong-doing, 
 gave it prestige and popularity and won 
 for it many firm friends. It became an 
 Independent Kepublican paper and has 
 maintained that policy to date, being recog- 
 nized as a fearless advocate of the rights 
 of the people and a faithful chronicler of 
 
328 
 
 HISTOKY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 February 24, 1886, by James M. Fitzgerald 
 and Alvah M. Smith. The paper is Democratic 
 in politics. A feature of the enterprise was the 
 construction of a telegraph line from the 
 office, 95 Federal Street, to Coopers Point, 
 where connection was made with the Balti- 
 more and Ohio cables. By this means the 
 journal secured, in fact, became a part of, the 
 eastern circuit of the United Press system, 
 and by locating an operator in their office, 
 received dispatches direct. It is the only 
 journal in the State having a direct tele- 
 graphic news service. On September 16th, 
 Mr. Fitzgerald purchased the one-third in- 
 terest of Mr. Smith, and the latter retired 
 from the business. 
 
 The New Jersey Temperance Gazette 
 was established in 1869 at Vineland, as a 
 monthly publication, under the name of the 
 New Jersey Good Templar, N. P. Potter, 
 editor. With varied success and failure, the 
 paper continued to be published under the 
 above name until 1876, when it was pur- 
 chased by J. B. Graw, and its name changed 
 to the New Jersey Good Templar and Tem- 
 perance Gazette; its place of publication was 
 changed from Vineland to Toms River. In 
 1881 the paper was moved to Camden and 
 its name changed to the New Jersey Temper- 
 ance Gazette. From 1 881 to 1883 it was 
 published as an Independent Prohibition 
 newspaper. In 1883 it began to advocate 
 the principles of the Prohibition party and 
 supported Rev. Solomon Parsons for Gov- 
 ernor of New Jersey. From that time on- 
 ward it advocated and defended the princi- 
 ples of the Prohibition party. In 1884 
 A. C. Graw was admitted as a partner, and 
 the Gazette is now published by J. B. Graw 
 & Son, at 131 Federal Street, Camden. 
 
 Rev. J. B. Graw, D.D., editor of the 
 Temperance Gazette, was born in Rahway, 
 N. J., October 24, 1832, and was educated 
 at Rahway and Bloomfield Seminaries, and 
 in New York High School. He was ad- 
 mitted into the New Jersey Annual Confer- 
 
 ence in 1856. He entered the United States 
 service as chaplain in September, 1861, 
 having taken a prominent part in organizing 
 a company of volunteers. For a few months, 
 while in the service, he had command of a 
 regiment. He has taken a deep interest in 
 the temperance cause, assisting in the State 
 organization in 1867, and occupying one of 
 the highest positions for five years. He 
 represented the State organization in various 
 places in the United States, and was sent to 
 London as a delegate in 1873. He also 
 edited the New Jersey Gazette for several 
 years. He was a delegate to the General 
 Conference of 1872 and 1876, and has been 
 a member of the book committee since 1875. 
 He has served as trustee of Pennington 
 Seminary and as a trustee of Dickinson Col- 
 lege. He has also been presiding elder on 
 the Burlington and New Brunswick Districts. 
 The Camden County Journal is a 
 weekly, printed in German, and was established 
 by Alexander Schlesinger, in March, 1883, as 
 the first newspaper published in that lan- 
 guage in Southwestern New Jersey. The 
 publisher, who had thirteen years' experience 
 as a managing editor, both in the Fatherland 
 and in this country, moved from Philadelphia 
 to Camden, for the purpose of giving the 
 German citizens of this district an organ 
 printed in their own language. It was first 
 issued as a four-page six-column sheet. It 
 seemed, indeed, to meet a long-felt want, for 
 fifteen weeks later it came out regularly with 
 a supplement of the same size. After four more 
 months it was enlarged to eight columns, 
 and after an existence of eleven months it 
 greeted its readers as a nine-column sheet. 
 The paper gained popularity when it en- 
 couraged the Germans in America to cele- 
 brate the 6th day of October, 1883, the bi- 
 centennial of the foundation of Germantown, 
 and advocated German emigration to this 
 country. The German citizens, aided by the 
 mayor, the police and the Fire Department, 
 turned out a splendid section to the .parade 
 
THE PRESS. 
 
 329 
 
 held in Philadelphia under the auspices of 
 the German-American Bi-Centennial Exec- 
 utive Committee. Since 1884 the paper has 
 been the main instrument to build up a Ger- 
 man settlement in the so-called Liberty Park, 
 in the Eighth Ward of Carnden. The paper 
 is Independent-Democratic in politics. 
 
 Alexander Schlesinger was born at 
 Breslau, Gei'many, in 1853 ; was educated in 
 schools of his native city, and studied politi- 
 cal economy in the University of Berlin. 
 He was next employed as a clerk in Paris, 
 and was also a newspaper correspondent. 
 He then returned to Breslau, where he was a 
 reporter on the Wahrheit, and afterward 
 editor on the daily Freie Presse of Magde- 
 burg. In 1878 he came to America and be- 
 came a correspondent of a New' York Ger- 
 man newspaper, and in 1879 came to Phila- 
 delphia as the editor of the Tageblatt of that 
 city. 
 
 The New Jersey Coast Pilot was 
 first issued in 1882, T. F. Rose as editor and 
 manager. It is published weekly. It is de- 
 voted to the development of the coast interest ; 
 its circulation is confined principally to its 
 patrons along the coast of New Jersey. 
 Its present editor and proprietor is G. W. 
 Marshall. 
 
 The Methodist Herald, published in 
 the interest of the Methodist Episcopal 
 Church in New Jersey, was established Jan- 
 uary 1, 1886, by the present editor and 
 publisher, Rev. Robert J. Andrews. It 
 issues monthly at fifty cents a year, and is a 
 folio, twenty by twenty-four inches, six 
 columns to the page. 
 
 Gloucester has had two newspapers, — the 
 Gloucester City Reporter and the Gloucester 
 Oity Weekly Tribune.. There have been others 
 published elsewhere which sought a circula- 
 tion in Gloucester, but their stay was short. 
 The Reporter was published by a company, 
 of which James P. Michellon, Frederick P. 
 Pfeiffer and James E. Hayes were the 
 principal stockholders. The paper was pub- 
 
 lished weekly, and the first number was 
 issued November 15, li874. The office was 
 over the bank building at the corner of 
 Monmouth and King Streets, afterwards re- 
 moved to King Street, above Hudson, and 
 in 1885 to Camden. The Reporter at one 
 time exercised considerable influence, and its 
 views on the questions of the day were quoted 
 and discussed throughout the State. In 1885 
 it was purchased by Sickler & Rose, of the 
 New Jersey Coast Pilot, and by them sold to 
 James M. Fitzgerald, of the Camden Even- 
 ing Telegram; from that office it is now pub- 
 lished. The editors and managers, while it 
 was owned by the Printing and Publishing 
 Company, were Professor William Burns, 
 John T. Brautigam, Thomas R. Hamilton, 
 John H. McMurray, Benjamin M. Braker 
 and Frederick H. Antrim. 
 
 TheM^'EEKLY Tribune, of Gloucester, was 
 published by Thos. R. Hamilton and John H. 
 McMurray. The first number was issued in 
 April, 1882. On the 1st of January, 1883, 
 they sold out to A. Aden Powell, who pub- 
 lished it until May, 1884, when it was united 
 with the Reporter. 
 
 William Taylor started a paper in Had- 
 donfield and continued it for a year or more. 
 Charles Whitecar also published a paper for 
 a time in that interesting town. 
 
 South Jersey News, of Haddonfield, 
 first saw light on February 2, 1882. Its 
 original name was The Directory, and was 
 founded by its present owner, H. D. Speak- 
 man, who was an invalid; yet possessing 
 plenty of enterprise, presented to the people 
 of his town a little seven and three-fourths 
 by eleven-inch sheet, three columns to a page 
 and two pages. He printed and gratuitously 
 distributed one thousand copies per week, 
 thus establishing a good circulation. The 
 proprietor kept on increasing the size, and, 
 in a few months, commenced a subscription 
 price of fifty cents per year. This was cheei-- 
 fully responded to by the people and the 
 name was altered to the present one. The 
 
332 
 
 HISTOKY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 1763 and 1826, was published in book-form 
 during the last-mentioned year, in an octavo 
 volume of one hundred and seventy-two 
 pages. It is a very readable book, is well 
 written and illustrates that he was an earnest 
 and faithful worker to advance the trutli of 
 the Gospel and the interest of his religious 
 society. 
 
 He died near Camden on the 13th day of 
 October, 1826, in the seventieth year of his 
 age, having been a minister over forty years. 
 His " Journal" was published under the auspi- 
 ces of Haddonfield Monthly Meeting, which 
 paid a glowing tribute to his memory. 
 
 Dr. Isaac S. Mulfokd, of Camden (a 
 biography of whom will be found in the 
 medical chapter of this work), was a lec- 
 turer on medical and scientific subjects, 
 and was the author of a number of arti- 
 cles which appeared in medical journals. 
 In 1848 he published a work of five hun- 
 I di'ed pages, entitled a " Civil and Political 
 History of New Jersey." It is written in 
 elegant English, and is recognized as a work 
 of historic merit. 
 
 Isaac Micklb, whose biography will be 
 found on page 221, obtained a liberal educa- 
 tion, with a view fo the practice of the law, 
 and was granted an attorney's license in 1 845. 
 His tastes, however, were more for literature 
 and antiquarian research, and in the course 
 of his short life collected much valuable 
 material in that direction. He became editor 
 of the Caraden Demoorat and managed that 
 paper with ability for several years. He 
 was author of the " Reminiscences of Old 
 Gloucester," in which work his industry and 
 good judgment are manifest, saving from loss 
 many facts and incidents relating to the first 
 setttlements along the Delaware River. 
 
 Dr. L. F. Fisler, whose biography will 
 be found in the medical chapter of this work, 
 in 1858 wrote and published a local history 
 of Camden, a carefully-prepared little vol- 
 ume of sixty-two pages, containing much 
 interesting information. 
 
 JoHK Clement, who, since 1864, has been 
 lay judge of the Court of Errors and Ap- 
 peals, has turned much of his time to anti- 
 quarian literature and the examination of 
 original documents. This Hue of study and 
 investigation led him to prepare a very val- 
 uable book, entitled " The First Settlers of 
 Newton," containing four hundred and forty- 
 two pages, published in 1877. Judge Clem- 
 ent later wrote and published the " Re- 
 miniscences of Old Gloucester County in the 
 Revolution" and "The West New Jersey 
 Society," and has contributed numerous ar- 
 ticles on historical subjects to the current 
 magazines and the local newspapers. 
 
 Walt Whitman was born at West Hills, 
 Huntington, Suffolk County, State of New 
 York, May 31, 1819 ; father, a farmer and 
 carpenter, descended from early English 
 immigration ; mother's maiden-name. Van 
 Velsor, of Holland-Dutch stock ; was 
 brought up in Brooklyn and New York 
 Cities and went to the public schools ; as a 
 young man, worked at type-setting and writ- 
 ing in printing-offices ; has traveled and lived 
 in all parts of the United States, from Canada 
 to Texas, inclusive; began his book of 
 poems — " Leaves of Grass " — in 1855, and 
 completed it in 1881, when, after six or 
 seven stages, the final edition was issued. 
 Mr. Whitman is also author of a prose book, 
 — " Specimen Days and Collect," — publish- 
 ed in 1883. During 1863, '64 and '65, he was 
 actively occupied in the army hospitals and 
 on the battle-fields of the Secession War, as 
 care-taker for the worst cases of the wounded 
 and sick of both armies. A little while af- 
 ter the close of the war, he had a severe para- 
 lytic stroke, from which he has never since 
 entirely recovered ; lives in partial seclusion 
 in Camden, N. J.; calls himself " a half- 
 paralytic ;" still writes and lectures occasion- 
 ally. 
 
 The foregoing paragraph (from a late 
 book, by Allen Thorndike Rice) gives a con- 
 densed but correct statement of the life of Mr. 
 
THE PRESS. 
 
 329 
 
 held in Philadelphia under the auspices of 
 the German-American Bi-Centennial Exec- 
 utive Committee. Since 1884 the paper has 
 been the main instrument to build up a Ger- 
 man settlement in the so-called Liberty Park, 
 in the Eighth Ward of Camden. The paper 
 is Independent-Democratic in politics. 
 
 Alexander Schlesinger was born at 
 Breslau, Germany, in 1853 ; was educated in 
 schools of his native city, and studied politi- 
 cal economy in the University of Berlin. 
 He was next employed as a clerk in Paris, 
 and was also a newspaper correspondent. 
 He then returned to Breslau, where he was a 
 reporter on the Wahrhdt, and afterward 
 editor on the daily Freie Presse of Magde- 
 burg. In 1878 he came to America and be- 
 came a correspondent of a New York Ger- 
 man newspaper, and in 1879 came to Phila- 
 delphia as the editor of the Tagehlatt of that 
 city. 
 
 The New Jersey Coast Pilot was 
 first issued in 1882, T. F. Rose as editor and 
 manager. It is published weekly. It is de- 
 voted to the development of the coast interest ; 
 its circulation is confined principally to its 
 patrons along the coast of New Jersey. 
 Its present editor and proprietor is G. W. 
 Marshall. 
 
 The Methodist Herald, published in 
 the interest of the Methodist Episcopal 
 Church in New Jersey, was established Jan- 
 uary 1, 1886, by the present editor and 
 publisher, Eev. Robert J. Andrews. It 
 issues monthly at fifty cents a year, and is a 
 folio, twenty by twenty-four inches, six 
 columns to the page. 
 
 Gloucester has had two newspapers, — ^the 
 Gloucester Oity Reporter and the Gloucester 
 OUy Weekly Tribune. There have been others 
 published elsewhere which sought a circula- 
 tion in Gloucester, but their stay was short. 
 The Reporter was published by a company, 
 of which James P. Michellon, Frederick P. 
 Pfeiffer and James E. Hayes were the 
 principal stockholders. The paper was pub- 
 
 lished weekly, and the first number was 
 issued November 15, 1874. The office was 
 over the bank building at the corner of 
 Monmouth and King Streets, afterwards re- 
 moved to King Street, above Hudson, and 
 in 1885 to Camden. The Reporter at one 
 time exercised considerable influence, and its 
 views on the questions of the day were quoted 
 and discussed throughout the State. In 1885 
 it was purchased by Sickler & Rose, of the 
 New Jersey Coast Pilot, and by them sold to 
 James M. Fitzgerald, of the Camden Even- 
 ing Telegram; from that office it is now pub- 
 lished. The editors and managers, while it 
 was owned by the Printing and Publishing 
 Company, were Professor William Burns, 
 John T. Brautigam, Thomas R. Hamilton, 
 John H. McMurray, Benjamin M. Braker 
 and Frederick H. Antrim. 
 
 The Weekly Tribune, of Gloucester, was 
 published by Thos. R. Hamilton and John H. 
 McMurray. The first number was issued in 
 April, 1882. On the 1st of January, 1883, 
 they sold out to A. Aden Powell, who pub- 
 lished it until May, 1884, when it was united 
 with the Reporter. 
 
 William Taylor started a paper in Had- 
 donfield and continued it for a year or more. 
 Charles Whitecar also published a paper for 
 a time in that interesting town. 
 
 South Jersey News, of Haddonfield, 
 first saw light on February 2, 1882. Its 
 original name was The Directory, and was 
 founded by its present owner, H. D. Speak- 
 man, who was an invalid; yet possessing 
 plenty of enterprise, presented to the people 
 of his town a little seven and three-fourths 
 by eleven-inch sheet, three columns to a page 
 and two pages. He printed and gratuitously 
 distributed one thousand copies per week, 
 thus establishing a good circulation. The 
 proprietor kept on increasing the size, and, 
 in a few months, commenced a subscription 
 price of fifty cents per year. This was cheer- 
 fully responded to by the people and the 
 name was altered to the present one. The 
 
332 
 
 HISTOEY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEKSEY. 
 
 1763 and 1826, was published in book-form 
 during the last-mentioned year, in an octavo 
 volume of one hundred and seventy-two 
 pages. It is a very readable book, is well 
 written and illiistrates that he was an earnest 
 and faithful worker to advance the truth of 
 the Gospel and the interest of his religious 
 society. 
 
 He died near Camden on the 13th day of 
 October, 1826, in the seventieth year of his 
 age, having been a minister over forty years. 
 His " Journal" was published under the auspi- 
 ces of Haddonfield Monthly Meeting, which 
 paid a glowing tribute to his hiemory. 
 
 Dr. Isaac S. Mulford, of Camden (a 
 biography of whom will be found in the 
 medical chapter of this work), was a lec- 
 turer oh medical and scientific subjects, 
 and was the author of a number of arti- 
 cles which appeared in medical journals. 
 In 1848 he published a work of five hun- 
 dred pages, entitled a " Civil and Political 
 History of New Jersey." It is written in 
 elegant English, and is recognized as a work 
 of historic merit. 
 
 Isaac Micklb, whose biography will be 
 found on page 221, obtained a liberal educa- 
 tion, with a view to the practice of the law, 
 and was granted an attorney's license in 1 846. 
 His tastes, however, were more for literature 
 and antiquarian research, and in the course 
 of his short life collected much valuable 
 material in that direction. He became editor 
 of the Camden Democrat and managed that 
 paper with ability for several years. He 
 was author of the " Reminiscences of Old 
 Gloucester," in which work his industry and 
 good judgment are manifest, saving from loss 
 many facts and incidents relating to the first 
 setttlements along the Delaware River. 
 
 Dr. L. F. Fisler, whose biography will 
 be found in the medical chapter of this work, 
 in 1858 wrote and published a local history 
 of Camden, a carefully-prepared little vol- 
 ume of sixty-two pages, containing much 
 interesting information. 
 
 John Clement, who, since 1864, has been 
 lay judge of the Court of Errors and Ap- 
 peals, has turned much of his time to anti- 
 quarian literature and the examination of 
 original documents. This line of study and 
 investigation led him to prepare a very val- 
 uable book, entitled " The First Settlers of 
 Newton," containing four hundred and forty- 
 two pages, published in 1877. Judge Clem- 
 ent later wrote and published the " Re- 
 miniscences of Old Gloucester County in the 
 Revolution" and " The West New Jersey 
 Society," and has contributed numerous ar- 
 ticles on historical subjects to the current 
 magazines and the local newspapers. 
 
 Walt Whitman was born at West Hills, 
 Huntington, Suffolk County, State of New 
 York, May 31, 1819 ; father, a farmer and 
 carpenter, descended from early English 
 immigration ; mother's maiden-name. Van 
 Velsor, of Holland-Dutch stock ; was 
 brought up in Brooklyn and New York 
 Cities and went to the public schools ; as a 
 young man, worked at type-setting and writ- 
 ing in printing-offices ; has traveled and lived 
 in all parts of the United States, from Canada 
 to Texas, inclusive; began his book of 
 poems — " Leaves of Grass " — in 1865, and 
 completed it in 1881, when, after six or 
 seven stages, the final edition was issued. 
 Mr. Whitman is also author of a prose book, 
 — " Specimen Days and Collect,'' — publish- 
 ed in 1883. During 1863, '64 and '65; he was 
 actively occupied in the army hospitals and 
 on the battle-fields of the Secession War, as 
 care-taker for the wOrst cases of the wounded 
 and sick of both armies. A little while af- 
 ter the close of the war, he had a severe para- 
 lytic stroke, from which he has never since 
 entirely recovered ; lives in partial seclusion 
 in Camden, N. J. ; calls himself " a half- 
 paralytic ;" still writes and lectures occasion- 
 ally. 
 
 The foregoing paragraph (from a late 
 book, by Allen Thorndike Rice) gives a con- 
 densed but correct statement of the life of Mr." 
 
AUTHORS AND SCIENTISTS. 
 
 333 
 
 Whitman, who has been a resident of Cam- 
 den for over thirteen years, — since 1873. In 
 addition to the two volumes mentioned 
 above, must be named a third one, — " No- 
 vember Boughs," — now about appearing, and 
 which will, probably, complete the author's 
 utterances. One of Whitman's critics says : 
 " He is the greatest optimist that ever lived, 
 and believes that America leads the world." 
 
 At the present date (November, 1886) he 
 is dwelling in a little cottage of his own, 
 328 Mickle Street, Camden, not far from the 
 Delaware River. In person he is large, 
 ruddy-faced, white-haired, long-bearded, 
 stout and tall, and weighs two hundred 
 pounds ; his mental powers clear as ever, 
 but his body disabled in movement, the 
 legs almost entirely. He is unmarried and 
 lives in a very plain and democratic manner. 
 His books yield a narrow income. In a late 
 notice, by one of his friends, it is said " the 
 older he grows, the more gay-hearted Walt 
 Whitman becomes." His works are, prob- 
 ably, more read in Europe, especially the 
 British Islands, than in America. 
 
 Dr. Reynell Coates, a sketch of whom 
 will be found on page 247, possessed one of 
 the most brilliant intellects of the State of 
 New Jersey. He was well-educated in the 
 classics, in the natural sciences and in general 
 literature. Although a physician by pro- 
 fession, he devoted most of his time to liter- 
 ary pursuits. In 1852 he was nominated 
 for Vice-President on the Native American 
 ticket, with Daniel Webster for President. 
 He moved to Camden about 1850. He was 
 the author of " Leaflets of Memory," 
 " School of Physiology," " Domestic Prac- 
 tice " and other well-known works. He de- 
 livered a lecture, in 1836, before the Phila- 
 delphia County Medical Society, on the 
 "Necessity for the Improvement and Ad- 
 vancement of Medical Education," and 
 delivered a series of very successful lectures 
 in Boston and elsewhere. He was a power- 
 ful and logical speaker, having a fine phys- 
 39 
 
 ique, commanding presence and graceful 
 delivery, while his mental grasp of his 
 subject, whether purely professional, politi- 
 cal, philosophical or literary, carried convic- 
 tion with it and made him one of the men 
 of mark of his day. He was intimately 
 associated with Poe, Willis, Griswold and 
 other literary lights. It always annoyed him 
 to think that of all his literary productions, 
 the one holding the most prominent place, 
 and yet popular, is " The Gambler's Wife," 
 which he always contended was marred by 
 an addition for " stage effects." 
 
 Edward D. Cope, the distinguished 
 scholar and scientist, resided fox a number of 
 years in the village of Haddonfield, where he 
 performed a considerable portion of the sci- 
 entific investigations which have made his 
 name famous. He was born in Philadelphia 
 in 1840. In early life he manifested an es- 
 pecial predilection for the study of the nat- 
 ural sciences, and while a mere youth had 
 mastered the more complex aspects which a 
 close investigation of the anatomy and mor- 
 phology of animal life revealed. He received 
 his first systematic training in the Acad- 
 emy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 
 towards the extension of whose vast collec- 
 tions he subsequently very materially assisted. 
 His earliest published contributions to science 
 were in the departments of herpetology and 
 ichthyology, in both of which fields he be- 
 came a recognized authority. He next ex- 
 plored the fields of vertebrate paleontology, 
 and now probably has no peer in this de- 
 partment of scientific knowledge, his discov- 
 eries being made principally in the Western 
 Territories. The repeated annual expeditions 
 to the region of the Rocky Mountains, partly 
 in conjunction with the explorations of the 
 United States Geological Survey, but dur- 
 ing the past few years conducted at his 
 own individual expense, have brought forth 
 a wealth of departed animal forms, bewild- 
 ering in the manifold types of structure 
 which they embody. These, which are to be 
 
334 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 counted by hundreds of species, fishes, amphib- 
 ious reptiles and mammals, throw surpris- 
 ing light on the evolution or genesis of life- 
 forms, and render comprehensible the com- 
 plexities of type structure which we find rep- 
 resented in the living fauna of the present 
 day. Professor Cope is a firm upholder of 
 the doctrine of evolution, but inclines to the 
 Lamarckian hy])othesis of transformism, or 
 to that explanation of the phenomena of var- 
 iation which involves the assistance of the 
 immediate mechanical law, rather than to 
 pure Darwinism. 
 
 His paleontological explorations were prin- 
 cipally among the Permian deposits of Texas 
 and New Mexico, the Cretaceous deposits of 
 New Jersey (" greeusands ") and the West, 
 the Laramie beds and the Tertiaries of the 
 Central Basin, but his excursions are also in 
 great measure extra-limital, embracing Mex- 
 ico, South America, etc., etc. His observa- 
 tions are embodied in several ponderous vol- 
 umes, published under the authority of the 
 United States Geological Survey, in greater 
 part contributions to the Hayden series of 
 reports, and in many papers published in 
 the Amerioan Naturalist (of which he is the 
 responsible editor), the Proceedings and Jour- 
 nal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, and 
 the Transactions of the American Philosoph- 
 ical Society. Professor Cope is a member 
 of numerous scientific associations of this 
 country and Europe, and was the recipient of 
 the Bigsby gold medal of the Geological So- 
 ciety of London in 1879. The University 
 of Heidelberg conferred upon him its doc- 
 torate in 1886, and distinguished honors have 
 been placed upon him by many of the learn- 
 ed societies of the world. 
 
 Charles F. Parker, a well-known bota- 
 nist, and for a number of years, and up to the 
 time of his death, curator-in-charge of the 
 Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 
 was born in that city November 9, 1820, 
 and died in Camden September 7, 1883, 
 where he had resided .since 1853. He was a 
 
 book-binder by trade, but was much interested 
 in the natural sciences, and had made collec- 
 tions of plants, shells, insects and minerals. 
 His herbarium, purchased immediately after 
 his death by Princeton College, was partic- 
 ularly rich in the flora of New Jersey. No 
 other botanist had made so many visits to 
 the vast pine barrens and swamps of the 
 State, or had collected so extensively ; and 
 this collection is one of the finest and most 
 perfect in existence, a monument of his skill, 
 energy and patience. Before he became a 
 member of the academy, in 1865, he was well- 
 known to Gray, Torrey, Watson and other 
 distinguished botanists. Many of his speci- 
 mens to-day enrich the herbariums of 
 scientists and institutions both in Europe and 
 America. At the desire of Darwin, he made 
 for him a collection of American insect-eat- 
 ing plants. He was one of the first to dis- 
 cover that the ballast deposits in and around 
 Philadelphia and Camden afforded a new 
 field for botanical study. His conchological 
 knowledge frequently enabled him to de- 
 termine, from occasional fragments of shells, 
 the part of the world from which the strange 
 plants found in these deposits had come. 
 
 Born a naturalist, he had an innate faculty 
 for classifying, selecting and arranging, com- 
 bined with nice tactual and great manual 
 dexterity. Prof. Grey said his mounted 
 specimens were unrivaled. A great part of 
 the academy's collection, so diverse and so 
 extensive, bears evidence of his skill, labor, 
 taste and pains. During the ten years of 
 his administration as curator-in-charge the 
 actual manual work of arrangement, as well 
 as the general scientific determination of 
 much of the material added during that time, 
 besides much that was on hand, but still 
 unclassified, was performed by himself. 
 
 Soon after becoming a member he devoted 
 all the time he could spare from his bindery, 
 and, with Messrs. Durand, Meehan, Burke 
 and Redfield, rearranged the academy's her- 
 barium. There, alone, he spent all his leisure 
 
AUTHORS AND SCIENTISTS. 
 
 335 
 
 for several years in the systematic arrange- 
 ment of the conchological collection, prepar- 
 ing and mounting in his own superior style 
 over one hundred thousand specimens. Dur- 
 ing his curatorship he mounted between 
 thirty and forty thousand additional speci- 
 mens, all outside of the time for which he 
 was employed. His skill was so well known 
 that he was asked to arrange and classify the 
 collections of some of our colleges. His own 
 shells, after his decease, were accepted at the 
 price named by a gentleman in the West. 
 
 In the preliminary catalogue of the flora 
 of New Jersey, printed under the auspices of 
 the State Geological Survey, he gave con- 
 siderable time. 
 
 He left no public writings, and had he left 
 no collections, his volunteer labors alone 
 (which were unapproached by that of any 
 other member), in arranging and better adapt- 
 ing the academy's invaluable museum for 
 scientific study, would have been no mean 
 contribution to the promotion of knowledge. 
 
 James S. Lippincott, a resident of Had- 
 (lonfield, N. J., for several years Ijefore his 
 death, was a man of good literary and scien- 
 tific attainments. He contributed many 
 articles to scientific magazines and assisted 
 the Agricultural Department at Washington 
 in making its annual report reliable and 
 attractive. 
 
 He edited an American edition of " Cham- 
 bers' Encyclopaedia," and did much work on 
 " Lippincott's Biographical Dictionary." 
 
 He was a close observer of the weather, and 
 li is notes of climatic changes and influences 
 are valuable additions to that branch of 
 knowledge. His industry and perseverance 
 are shown in the general and exhaustive index 
 he made of the Friend, a religious journal, 
 and devoted to the interests of that society, 
 extending through forty volumes. 
 
 He twice visited Europe, and traveled ex- 
 tensively there, making notes of the people, 
 the country and resources, which he put in 
 the shape of letters to the press and to his 
 
 friends. He collected much genealogical 
 data relating to both branches of his family, 
 Lippincott and Starr, but his enfeebled health 
 prevented his arranging it before his death. 
 
 His library was large and select, containing 
 \'olumes entirely out of print, and but seldom 
 met with. Any i)urpose that advanced knowl- 
 edge, or developed any particular branch of 
 science, he was in sympathy with. His 
 manuscripts are extensive and w^ill increase 
 in value, making it desirable that they be 
 kept together, where they could be consulted 
 by those of like tastes and in search of like 
 knowledge. He was a devoted student and 
 genial companion, always familiar with the 
 literature of the day and ready with good- 
 natured criticism. He was twice married, 
 but left no children. He died March 17, 
 • 1885, in the sixty-fifth year of his age, to be 
 much missed by his friends and associates. 
 
 AViLLiAM Fewsiiith, author of the well- 
 known Fewsmith's English Grammars, was 
 born in Philadelphia in the year 1826, and 
 is a son of Joseph Fewsmith. When he 
 was six years old his parents removed to the 
 vicinity of Haddonfield. He obtained a pre- 
 paratory education in the schools of that 
 village and in Franklin Park Boarding- 
 School, near Burlington. Afi;er spending three 
 years in an academy at Colchester, Conn., 
 he entered Western Reserve College, in Ohio, 
 and there passed the freshman year. At the 
 expiration of this time he went to Yale Col- 
 lege, and was graduated from that institution 
 in 1844, with a class of one hundred and 
 six, of whom about thirty-five are now living. 
 While in college Mr. Fewsmith Mas recog- 
 nized as the best Latin and Greek scholar in 
 his class, and took several prizes for his pro- 
 ficiency in reading those languages at sight. 
 From 1844 to 1857 he was teacher of ancient 
 languages and English grammar in a private 
 academy in Philadelphia. He then opened 
 a school himself at Tenth Street and Arch, in 
 that city, continued it there until 1860, when 
 he removed to 1008 Chestnut Street, and has 
 
336 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 since conducted the well-known " Fewsmith 
 Classical and Mathematical School " at that 
 place, with gratifying success to himself and 
 with satisfaction to its numerous patrons. 
 Since he entered the profession of teaching, in 
 1844, he has trained more than one thousand 
 different pupils, many of whom have since 
 gained prominence in law, medicine and 
 theology. His influence as an instructor of 
 the young has been productive of much good. 
 In 1867 he was elected superintendent of the 
 schools of Camden and did efficient work in re- 
 organizing and grading them. He filled this 
 position for several years, and in the mean 
 time continued his school in Philadelphia. 
 In 1867 the firm of Sower, Potts & Co., of 
 Philadelphia, published his " Grammar of the 
 English Language " and •' Elementary Gram- 
 mar," both of which have had a wide cir-- 
 culation and extensive sale in the schools of 
 this country. 
 
 Joseph F. Garrison, M.D., D.D., for 
 twenty-nine years rector of St. Paul's Epis- 
 copal Church, Camden, was the only son of 
 Dr. Charles Garrison, of Deerfield, Cumber- 
 land County, N. J., and was born in Fairton, 
 in that same county, on January 20, 1823. 
 His father removed to Swedesboro', Glouces- 
 ter County, N. J., in the latter part of this 
 year, where he became one of the most prom- 
 inent physicians in New Jersey, and prac- 
 ticed medicine for over fifty years. 
 
 J. F. Garrison entered the sophomore class 
 in Princeton College in 1 839, and was grad- 
 uated, third in his class, in 1842. He at 
 once began the study of medicine in the 
 University of Pennsylvania, and was an of- 
 fice student of Dr. Edward Pearce and Dr. 
 William Pepper, the latter being the father 
 of the present distinguished professor and 
 provost of the University of Pennsylvania. 
 Dr. Garrison received his diploma in medi- 
 cine in 1845, and settled in Swedesboro', 
 where he practiced in connection with his 
 father until 1855, when he entered the min- 
 istry of the Episcopal Church. He was or- 
 
 dained deacon by Bishop Doane on June 3, 
 1855, in Trinity Church, Swedesboro', and 
 was almost immediately invited to take 
 charge of St. Paul's Church, Camden, which 
 had been vacant for some months after the 
 death of Rev. Joseph Lybrand. Dr. Garri- 
 son entered on the duties of minister in this 
 parish in September, 1855. 
 
 In 1879 Dr. Garrison received the honorary 
 degree of D.D., from his old college, Priuce- 
 ton, N. J., and in June, 1884, he was elected 
 professor of liturgies, canon law and eccle- 
 siastical polity, on the " Moorhead founda- 
 tion," in the Episcopal Divinity School of 
 Philadelphia. Having decided to accept this 
 appointment. Dr. Garrison resigned the rec- 
 torship of St. Paul's from September 1, 1884, 
 and immediately entered on the duties of the 
 chair entrusted to him. 
 
 From the beginning of his connection with 
 the ministry of the church Dr. Garrison was 
 active in the general affairs of the Diocese of 
 New Jersey. He was dean of the Convoca- 
 tion of Burlington for a considerable period ; 
 an examining chaplain to the bishop for 
 more than twenty-five years ; one of the 
 deputies to the General Convention from 
 1874 ; a member, and subsequently president, 
 of the standing committee of the diocese, 
 and was for some time a diocesan trustee of 
 the General Theological Seminary, in New 
 York. He has also been appointed as the 
 Bohlen lecturer for the year 1887. The 
 published writings of Dr. Garrison have 
 been a considerable number of articles in the 
 Church Review and elsewhere, and several 
 sermons, the most important of the latter 
 being " The Centennial Discourse," delivered 
 in New Brunswick, N. J., at the request of 
 the bishop of the old diocese in the State on 
 May 5, 1885, upon the occasion of the cele- 
 bration of the one hundredth anniversary 
 of the organization of the Episcopal Church 
 in the State of New Jersey. The sermon is 
 an extended account of the character of the 
 Colonial Church, and of the events connected 
 
AUTHORS AND SCIENTISTS. 
 
 337 
 
 with its separation from the mother church 
 in England, and the beginnings, in the same 
 year, of the General Conventions of the 
 Church in the United States and the Diocesan 
 Conventions of New Jersey. 
 
 Isaac C. Martindale was born in By- 
 berry, Philadelphia County, Pa., July 15, 
 1842. His parents were members of the 
 Society of Friends, and his early education 
 was acquired chiefly at schools under the 
 control of Friends. His father was a de- 
 scendant from John Martiudell, who, early in 
 the history of the country, settled in Bucks 
 County, Pa. Many of the family name 
 have become prominent in the history of that 
 part of Pennsylvania, and of late years we 
 find them scattered all over the country. 
 Some remarkable instances of longevity are 
 noted in different branches of the family. 
 His mother was the daughter of Joseph 
 Comly, a brother of John Comly, an eminent 
 minister of the Society of Friends, the au- 
 thor of "Comly's Spelling-book," "Comly's 
 Grammar," etc., and who, with another 
 brother, Isaac Comly, edited Friend^ Miscel- 
 lany and other periodicals. The literary 
 ability thus conspicuously marked can be 
 traced backward through several generations, 
 and the subject of this sketch, whose portrait 
 is herewith given, has inherited it in a good 
 degree. 
 
 While living on his father's farm he took 
 up the study of natural history, and, not- 
 withstanding his scanty supply of books, he 
 early became possessed of considerable scien- 
 tific knowledge. The geology and mineral- 
 ogy of the neighborhood were especially stud- 
 ied. Ornithology received much attention, 
 till he became quite familiar with the names 
 and habits of most of the birds that belong 
 to that part of the country. He, too, was quite 
 familiar with astronomy and meteorology, and 
 was one of the appointed meteorological ob- 
 servers of the Smithsonian Institution at 
 Washington for a number of years. 
 
 His favorite study, however, was botany. 
 
 which he began soon after leaving school 
 and has continued it ever since, so that he 
 ranks among the noted botanists of the 
 country ; he has contributed largely to scien- 
 tific periodicals on this subject and has ac- 
 cumulated a collection of specimens in the 
 form of a herbarium, the finest in New Jer- 
 sey, with but few in the country surpassing 
 it, embracing tens of thousands of species 
 from various parts of the world, the flora of 
 North America, including Mexico, being very 
 fully represented, as well as that of Great 
 Britain, France, Germany, Russia, Palestine, 
 Arabia, Australia, New Zealand and other 
 islands of the Pacific Ocean. This depart- 
 ment of study has brought him in intimate 
 association with the eminent scientists of the 
 day. He is a member of many of the learned 
 societies of the country, and has done much 
 to encourage and foster the study of scientific 
 subjects in Camden County by his identity 
 with and aid to local institutions. 
 
 In 1867 Mr. Martindale left the farm to 
 accept a position as clerk in the National 
 State Bank of Camden, of which Jesse 
 Townsend, also a native of Byberry, Pa., was 
 cashier. By diligent attention he became so 
 familiar with all the details of the banking 
 business that at the death of Jesse Townsend, 
 in 1871, he was elected cashier. In April, 
 1874, the sudden death of his wife occurred 
 while in attendance at a religious meeting at 
 Fifteenth and Race Streets, Philadelphia 
 (she was Hannah Ann Kirk, daughter of 
 Samuel Kirk, of Byberry, Pa.). In the 
 month of June of the same year, in order to 
 recuperate his health, which had become im- 
 paired, he took a trip to Europe and traveled 
 through Scotland, England, Germany, Switz- 
 erland and France. He visited many mu- 
 seums and scientific collections both in Eng- 
 land and on the Continent, and also made a 
 collection of several hundreds of specimens 
 of the Alpine flora of the country. He re- 
 turned in the autumn of 1874, resuming 
 his position as cashier, which he retained till 
 
338 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 February, 1885, when he resigned. He then 
 l)ecame interested with others in the estab- 
 lishment of a bank in South Camden, and 
 soon had in operation the Camden National 
 Bank, of which he is now cashier. The 
 literary ability which he inherited led him to 
 become quite a contributor to magazines and 
 other periodicals, and while his articles are 
 largely on scientific subjects, others are often 
 found, even the poetic vein not being omitted. 
 1 le has taken much interest in local histories; 
 was engaged for several years in collecting 
 uiaterial for a history of the townships of 
 Byberry and Moreland, Philadelphia County, 
 Fa., which was afterwards published by his 
 brother, Joseph C. Martindale, M.D. 
 
 Soon after coming to Camden he prepared 
 and published in the West Jersey Press a 
 series of " Objects of Interest in and around 
 Camden," which have been very serviceable 
 in the preparation of this history. His con- 
 nection with various literary societies has 
 made him quite an earnest public speaker. 
 In recent years he has become quite prominent 
 i a the meetings of the Society of Friends, of 
 which he is a member. 
 
 He married Lizzie Ball, daughter of John 
 Ball, a native of Quakertown, Bucks Coun- 
 ty, Pa., a few years ago, and now resides in 
 Camden ; he has a family of two sons — 
 Wallace S. and Charles B. — and one daugh- 
 ter, Emma K., by his first wife. 
 
 Geoffrey Buckwaltee, principal of the 
 First School District of Camden, is an 
 occasional contributor to the periodical liter- 
 ature of the day, and the author of a " Pri- 
 mary " and a " Comprehensive Spelling- 
 Book " and " A Practical System of Penman- 
 ship," consisting of two series of copy-books. 
 The spelling-books were published by Porter 
 & Coates in 1879, and the copy-books by the 
 same firm, in 1884 and 1885. 
 
 Barteam L. Bonsall, for several years 
 past the enterprising proprietor of the Camden 
 Fast, which influential journal was estab- 
 lished greatly through his energy, in 1882 
 
 wrote and published a work of one hundred 
 and ninety-four pages, entitled " Cash ; or, 
 Practical Hints from Practical People." The 
 book contains interesting instruction and 
 valuable information. 
 
 De. J. Dunbar Hylton, of Palmyra, 
 is the author of " Betrayed ; A Northern 
 Tale in seven parts." One volume, two hun- 
 dred and eighty-eight pages. " The Bride of 
 Gettysburg, An Episode of 1863." One 
 volume, one hundred and seventy-two pages. 
 " Above the Grave and the Prsesidicide, etc." 
 One volume, two hundred and twenty-eight 
 pages. " The Heir of Lyolynn. A tale of 
 Sea and Land, in seven parts ; Lays of An- 
 cient Times ; Song of the Engineer to his 
 Engine while conveying President Garfield 
 from Washington to Long Branch ; and nu- 
 merous Charades and Riddles." One volume, 
 five hundred and forty pages. "Above the 
 Grave of John Odenswurge." 
 
 George F. Fort, a member of the Cam- 
 den County bar, is the author of an " Historical 
 Treatise on Early Builders' Works," " Medi- 
 eval Builders," " Medical Economy during the 
 Middle Ages " and " Early History and An- 
 tiquities of Masonry." 
 
 Botanists. — The opportunities afforded 
 for the study of botany, led many persons 
 into it, but no society was organized to 
 that especial end till 1870, when a scien- 
 tific circle of the Camden Literary and Li- 
 brary Association was established, Isaac C. 
 Martindale being the prime mover therein. 
 The purpose was to have the different de- 
 partments of natural science represented, 
 whenever peifeons thus interested should call 
 up the various subjects ; but the botanical 
 circle was the only one regularly organ- 
 ized. Mr. Martindale was elected its presi- 
 dent ; Reynell Coates, M.D., vice-president ; 
 and Mrs. Mary L. Gilbert, secretary. The 
 meetings were held at the library-room. No. 
 106 Market Street, Camden. The exer- 
 cises consisted of lectures, presentation of 
 specimens, descriptions of rare localities, etc. 
 
AUTH0K8 AND SCIENTISTS. 
 
 339 
 
 Besides the officers above mentioned, those 
 who took an active part at the meetings were 
 Rudolphus Bingham, Miss Carrie A. Boyce, 
 Mrs. Harriet M. Harned, John F. Harned, 
 Frederick Bourquiu, Thomas Gilbert, Mrs. 
 Virginia K. Naisby, Charles F. Parker, 
 Wallace M. Smith, S. D. Button, Miss E. J. 
 Burnside, M.D., Frank Harned, J. T. Penny- 
 packer, S. W. Cochran, Henry Harned, U. 
 F. Richards, W. S. Johnson, Miss Lizzie A. 
 Sander^, M.D., Mrs. Dr. Pratt, Carrie Titus, 
 Lillie Titus, Clara Titus, Minnie Titus, Miss 
 Salina A. Rule, Charles P. Burrough and 
 Mr. and Mrs. J. Hugill. Mr. Martindale 
 gave a series of illustrated lectures on the 
 adopted classification of the animal, vegetable 
 and mineral kingdoms. Mr. Bourquin dis- 
 coursed on ferns and mosses, his especial study, 
 and also on the culture of roses. Dr. Coates 
 gave a number of discourses on natural sci- 
 ence, relating his experience as a naturalist 
 while attached to exploring expeditions in 
 former years. Rudolphus Bingham, with 
 his fund of information, became a very active 
 and influential member. The meetings were 
 continued several years, adjourning usually 
 in the summer season. After their final dis- 
 continuance, among all the lovers of botany 
 in Camden, who continued active as botanists, 
 we find only the names of Isaac C. Martin- 
 dale, Charles F. Parker and Carrie A. Boice, 
 probably because many had removed to other 
 localities, some had died and others became 
 engrossed with manifold duties and respon- 
 sibilities that left little time for scientific 
 study. 
 
 The Microscopical Society of Cam- 
 den was formed November 7, 1878, by a 
 few gentlemen desirous of improving them- 
 selves in microscopical investigation. The 
 original members were Joseph C. De la Cour, 
 Albert P. Brown, Ph.D., Joseph L. De la 
 Cour, Samuel W. Cochran, M. F. Middleton, 
 M.D., William D. Clark, Harry S. Fortiner, 
 I. Harvey Wroth, M.D., Alfred W. Test and 
 C. Henry Kain. The first president of the 
 
 society, Albert P. Brown, occupies the posi- 
 tion of microscopical preceptor in the Phila- 
 delphia College of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, 
 and has been instrumental in advancing the 
 use of the microscope in that institution. 
 
 Mr. Brown was succeeded by Isaac C. 
 Martindale, whose botanical knowledge is 
 too well appreciated to call for more than in- 
 cidental mention. 
 
 The present chief officer, C. Henry Kain, 
 has devoted his time and labor to the study 
 of the diatomacese, on which subject he is an 
 acknowledged authority. He is at present 
 engaged in preparing a list of the diatoms oi 
 New Jersey, which, when completed, will be 
 a valuable contribution to the literature of 
 that order. 
 
 Various papers of scientific interest have 
 been read at the meetings of the society, and 
 an effort is made to have, during the winter 
 of each year, an exhibition at some public 
 place of the work of the season. These 
 soireis are always largely attended, and have 
 had the effect of increasing the membership. 
 
 The present membership is about thirty. 
 Of the originators, but five are now connected 
 ^vith the society. 
 
 The following is a partial list of members 
 of this society, together with the subjects 
 upon which they are specialists : 
 
 A. P. Brown, Ph.D., chemical microscopy and urinar.y deposits. 
 
 G. Gr. Browning, general microacopy, adulteration of (irugs. 
 
 Eudolphue Bingham, botany, effects of alcohol. 
 
 JamoB Buckle, occult science. 
 
 John B. Betts, entomology, desmidaceoj. 
 
 I. S. Cheney, choice mounting, section preparation. 
 
 J. Loriot Be la Cour, entomology, chemical microscopy. 
 
 Louis T. Derousse, entomology, general microscopy. 
 
 John H. Dialogue, Jr., general microacopy. 
 
 Samuel Hufty, general microacopy. 
 
 E. M. Howard, M.D., bacteria, general microscopy, histology. 
 
 Charles A. Hotchkisa, diatomacea;, general microacopy. 
 
 Henry Harned, general science. 
 
 C. Henry Kain, diatomacese, special preparation of slides. 
 
 Isaac 0. Martindale, botany, general microscopy. 
 
 M. F. Middleton, M.D., clinical microscopy, hiatology. 
 
 E. r. Moody, engineering, physics. 
 
 A. A. Moss, general science. 
 
 Edwin Morgan, general science. 
 
 George T. Bobinson, electricity, microscopy, fungi. 
 
 E. B. Eeed, general microscopy, adulteration of foods. 
 
 S. Howard Troth, general microscopy. 
 
 Aaron Van Gelder, general microscopy. 
 
 I. Francis Walsh, clinical microscopy. 
 
340 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 CHAPTER XVIII. 
 
 public inteknal improvements. 
 
 Indian Teails and Early Eoad,s. — 
 Colonel Thomas H. Benton once said that the 
 buffalo established the courses and positions 
 of the great highways across the continent, 
 which, in a broad sense, is true ; but in the 
 Eastern States it is more exact to say that the 
 present routes of travel by land were first in- 
 dicated by the aborigines. 
 
 In almost any given region of territory it 
 will be found that the centres or chief seats 
 of the past and present populations have 
 occupied practically the same ground, and so 
 general is this rule that where a marked ex- 
 ception has occurred, peculiar and potent 
 causes may be looked for as its explanation. 
 As a natural sequence to this truth that the 
 centres of population of successive races have 
 been generally one and the same^ it follows 
 that the highways of travel in the past and in 
 the present must similarly coincide or ap- 
 proximate. The lines along which, with roar 
 ;md rumble, the locomotive now rushes with 
 its mighty load, making an old-time day's 
 journey in sixty minutes, are almost exactly 
 coincident with the first rude wagon-roads of 
 the pioneers of two centuries ago, and also 
 with the paths or trails along the water- 
 courses and through the easiest mountain 
 passes trodden from time immemorial by the 
 moccasined foot of the red man. In one re- 
 spect, then, it is literally true that civilization 
 has followed in the footsteps of barbarism ; 
 that the skilled surveyor and engineer has 
 followed with scientific instruments where the 
 ignorant savage first went, guided only by 
 the instincts of woodcraft. The difference 
 between the new and the old is far less in the 
 direction or lines of communication than in 
 the method of travel, and the moderns, with 
 all of tlieir wisdom and knowledge, have 
 done little besides making grand improve- 
 ments on old routes — building with stone 
 
 and iron and steel, it is true, but, nevertheless, 
 along the course of the old, narrow, leaf- 
 strewn path that the Indian first found out 
 was the most direct and practicable line of 
 communication between two given points. 
 
 The Indian trail which led from Perth 
 Amboy to Salem, where in early times 
 was an Indian village, was one of the ear- 
 ■ best routes used by the whites at the time 
 of their first explorations in New Jersey. It 
 passed through Haddonfield, at which place 
 was an Indian village and considerable 
 cleared land, which later was known as the 
 " Great Field." George Fox, during his 
 travels in America in 1672, in his journey 
 from Maryland to New York, passed along 
 this trail through West Jersey. In his 
 journal he says : " We came one night to an 
 Indian town and lay all night at the King's 
 house, who was a very pretty man. Both he 
 and his wife received us very lovingly, and 
 his attendants (such as they were) were very 
 respectful to us. They laid mats for us to lie 
 on, but provisions were very short with them, 
 having caught but little that day." 
 
 Soon after A¥est Jersey was vested in the 
 proprietors, they felt the importance of open- 
 ing a highway between the towns of Bur- 
 lington and Salem, these being the only 
 towns in West Jersey prior to 1682, and also 
 the county-seats of Burlington and Salem 
 Counties. Accordingly, on the 12th of No- 
 veinl)er, 1681, the Legislature of New Jer- 
 sey passed an act authorizing the laying out 
 of a highway between the two towns. The 
 act provided for the appointment of twenty 
 men — ten from Burlington and ten from Sa- 
 lem County — who were to carry out its pro- 
 visions. At that time there were no white 
 settlers within the limits of Camden County, 
 except possibly a few families of Swedes, 
 who formerly lived on the site of Fort Ara- 
 womac, at the mouth of Pensauken Creek. 
 
 The road then laid out followed the old 
 Indian trail, which led from the site of Perth 
 Amboy through the site of Burlington to Sa- 
 
PUBLIC INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. 
 
 341 
 
 lem, where was formerly an Indian village. 
 It crossed the streams near their sources, 
 where they were easily forded. The ford 
 through Coopers Creek at first was a short 
 distance above Haddonfield, at a place later 
 known as Uxbridge. This road was merely 
 a bridle-path, and very crooked. As the 
 amount of travel increased, the road was 
 straightened and widened ; but as for many 
 years the early settlers traveled on horseback 
 only, it was not until about 1730 that car- 
 riages of any kind were introduced. The 
 first settlers usually located on land along the 
 streams, and small boats were used on them 
 to convey produce and merchandise. 
 
 When towns were laid out along the line 
 of this road, which was known as the " Kings 
 Highway," the roadway through the town 
 was increased to one hundred feet in width. 
 It is quite evident that the line of the road 
 where it passed over Coopers Creek was 
 changed quite early, as, the 13th of March, 
 1744, the town-meeting of Newton agreed 
 that " ye Mill hill near Isaac Kays, in the 
 road to Burlington, be mended." ' 
 
 A bridge was built over Timber Creek 
 (called also, in the early records, Gloucester 
 River) as early as 1687, an account of which 
 will be found in the article on Creeks and 
 Bridges. 
 
 The aborigines fixed the pathways from 
 the Atlantic Ocean to the Delaware River, 
 across the State of New Jersey, and long 
 before the white men attempted to explore 
 the forests, the lines of travel through the 
 country had become plain and beaten paths. 
 For many years after the first settlements 
 on the ocean and the river the only track 
 between them was along these Indian trails." 
 Several of these were through Atlantic and 
 Camden Counties; one began at Somers 
 
 1 Isaac Kay owned at that time the mill property now 
 in possession of Joseph G. Erans. The mill was on 
 the south side of Coopers Creek, and in the limits of 
 the present mill pond, and the hill was evidently the 
 one in front of the Mann property in Haddonfield. 
 40 
 
 Point and extended along the east side of 
 Great Egg Harbor River, so as to pass 
 to the north of the heads of the branches 
 of Babcocks Creek, over the low lands to the 
 tributaries of Little Egg Harbor River, called 
 " the Locks," by the Blue Anchor tavern, 
 crossed the head of Great Egg Harbor River 
 at Long- a-Coming (Berlin), passed a short 
 distance south of Haddonfield, over the mid- 
 dle branch of Newton Creek at Atmores 
 Dam, and thence to Coopers Ferry. This 
 trail was used as a road many years, and as 
 early as 1696 was known as the Philadelphia 
 and Egg Harbor road. It was not laid 
 out according to law, and has been aban- 
 doned. It may be described in this county 
 as lying between the road from Camden to 
 Berlin, by way of Kirkwood and the 
 road from Camden to Berlin, by way of 
 Haddonfield. There were three noted taverns 
 on the route, — one at Atmores Dam, which 
 was built and kept by John Willis, then 
 kept by Joseph Kinlee, and after 1718 by 
 Thomas Atmore, and it being at the head of 
 navigation of the stream, considerable ship- 
 ping was carried on from this place. 
 
 " Inside the low ceilings and ill-arranged rooms 
 told that ventilation and convenience were not 
 regarded ; yet the well-sanded floors and the bright 
 pewter dishes betrayed the good housewife and 
 thrifty matron. The bar-room opened by a double 
 door, cut horizontally, and within might be seen 
 the crib which screened the liquors and protected 
 the dealer. The immense open fireplace, arranged 
 with a bench on each side, made sitting room for 
 guests by day and beds for dogs at night— to say 
 nothing of the straight-backed slat-bottomed 
 chairs that stood around the walls. The visitors 
 were mostly rude, uneducated people, unused to 
 the refinements of society and contending with ad- 
 versity in its many shapes. 
 
 "At this old tavern might occasionally be seen 
 a party of hunters, pledging their good opinion of 
 each other in a bowl of whiskey-punch or 'stone 
 fence,' and enjoying, in their peculiar way, the 
 last of a successful chase. Wrestling, running and 
 jumping were indulged in when a few of the neigh- 
 bors met, and every man that participated was 
 soon graded as to his ability in each. The fare 
 
342 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEKSEY. 
 
 was abundant, and such as the epicure of the 
 present day would revel in. It was dried venison, 
 bear's meat, fresh fish and wild fowl, with corn- 
 bread or hoe-cake well prepared, and made invit- 
 ing by the tidy appearance of the surroundings. 
 The liquors also, although drawn from wooden 
 casks and drank fi'om horn tumblers, imparted an 
 invigorating, healthy effect, and, when evaporated 
 by a good night's sleep, left no suspicious feelings 
 after them." 
 
 lu later years elections and public meet- 
 ings were held at this old tavern. The Blue 
 Anchor Tavern as early as 1740 was kept by 
 Johu Hider. It became a central point on 
 the route and retained its importance until 
 the railroad passed through that region. An- 
 other tavern was kept at Long-a-Coming 
 before 1760 by Samuel Scull. Three roads 
 joined the main line or trail ; the first left 
 the mouth of Little Egg Harbor in a west- 
 erly direction and joined the trail near the 
 head of Landing Creek, one of the branches 
 of Little Egg Harbor River. The second 
 began near Mullica's plantation, a short dis- 
 tance from Batsto, and going westerly be- 
 tween the streams, joined the main trail near 
 the old Beebe place, about one mile south of 
 Winslow. This is known as the old Fork 
 road. The third was known as the old 
 Cape road, and started in Cape May County. 
 It crossed Tuckahoe River northerly to 
 Hospitality stream below Coles Mill, thence 
 to Inskeepsford, and joined the main road at 
 the Blue Anchor. 
 
 At the June Session of Gloucester County 
 Court in 1696, John Hugg, Jr., Thomas 
 Sharp and Thomas Gardiner were commis- 
 sioned to mend and marJc for about ten miles 
 of the road leading oat of Gloucester to- 
 ward Egg Harbor, and James Steelman was 
 elected overseer of highways to mark and 
 make the road from Egg Harbor towards 
 Gloucester. Just one year afterward the court 
 instructed Andrew Robeson, Thomas Sharp 
 and William Dalboe to open a road from 
 Oldmans Creek to the mouth of Glouces- 
 ter River (Timber Creek), " and so from 
 
 Elias Hugg's up to ye old Road ; " and in 
 September a speedy repair was ordered of 
 the log bridge on the northerly branch of 
 Gloucester River. 
 
 The place known as Cooper's Ferries (now 
 Camden), within a few years after the settle- 
 ment of the whites, became noted as the great 
 crossing-place to the town of Philadelphia, 
 which was the largest town in the region, 
 and a more direct route was needed to the 
 ferries than by the King's Highway, which 
 passed about seven miles east of the ferries. 
 Coopers Creek was navigable from Axford's 
 Landing, from whence passage was down 
 the stream. A bridle-path was also on tlie 
 south side of the creek, which later became 
 known as the " Ferry Road." As early as 
 1702 a more direct route was made lower 
 down, in what is now Delaware township, 
 and crossing the creek on what is now the 
 Barton farm. In the account of the " Creeks, 
 Ferries and Bridges " will be found the com- 
 plaint of John Champion, who lived at that 
 place, that many people were calling upon 
 him to carry them over the creek, and asking 
 for a license for o ferry, which was granted. 
 This route was evidently used as late as 1733, 
 and perhaps a few years later, as in that year 
 Humphrey Day kept at the place a ferry and 
 a tavern. About 1736 a still shorter route 
 was made lower down, and on the line 
 of the road now known as the Burlington 
 Pike, which crossed Coopers Creek at the 
 residence of Samuel Spicer, who established 
 a ferry at the place and continued it until 
 1762, when a bridge at the place was com- 
 pleted. On the 19th of January, 1748, by 
 act of Legislature, commissioners were ap- 
 pointed to lay out a more direct road from 
 Coopers Ferry to Burlington and to build a 
 draw-bridge at Spicer's Ferry. On the same 
 date an act passed allowing the inhabitants 
 in the vicinity to raise funds by subscription 
 to build the bridge but it does not appear that 
 any action wa.s taken under the authority of 
 these acts, and .the subject was not again 
 
PUBLIC INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. 
 
 343 
 
 brought up until November 28, 1760, when 
 the Legislature passed an act authorizing the 
 erection of a bridge at Spicer's Ferry and the 
 laying out of the road to Burlington, in a 
 more direct course. Commissioners were ap- 
 pointed and authority given to raise by tax 
 and subscription the amount of money needed 
 to complete the work. 
 
 The road was shortened and improved, and 
 in 1762 it is mentioned in a deed as "The 
 Great Road to the Ferry," and in 1764 an- 
 other road also was laid out from the bridge 
 to the ferry. This, in 1769, is mentioned in 
 records as " The new road from Benjamin 
 Cooper's ferry to the new bridge over Coopers 
 Creek." In 1773 Jacob Cooper laid out the 
 town of Camden and established Cooper 
 Street, and in 1774 Market Street was estab- 
 lished and by act of Assembly June 20, 1765, 
 the road and bridges from Cooper's Ferries 
 to Mount Holly were placed under the care 
 of commissioners. 
 
 One of the first roads that became a 
 necessity, after the Kings Highway, was 
 from Kay's mill, then on south side of 
 Coopers Creek, near Haddonfield, to the 
 Royden and Cooper Ferries. A bridle-path 
 was made along the south side of the creek 
 very early, and on the 8th of December, 
 1761, James Bloom, John Gill, John Hinch- 
 raan, Joshua Stokes, John Hider and John 
 Collins, surveyors of highways, under in- 
 structions laid out a road, four poles in width, 
 along the general route of the old bridle- 
 path, beginning at the corner of William 
 Griscom's shop, on the King's Highway 
 (now Braddock's drug store), to Coopers 
 Ferry, it being six miles and twenty-six 
 perches. 
 
 On the 8th of March, 1762, the survey- 
 ors of highways laid out a road from the 
 southeast branch of Pensauken Creek to- 
 wards "the new bridge erected from 
 Samuel Spicers Landing across Coopers 
 Creek," to begin at a bridge erected by 
 Samuel Burroughs, across the southeast 
 
 branch of Pensauken Creek, and at his grist- 
 mill. This road was laid out four rods wide 
 and passed through the east end of Thomas 
 Spicer's land, over the head of Henry Woods 
 Creek, and to the " Burlington New Eoad." 
 
 On the 24th of March, 1762, a road was 
 laid from Long-a-Coming (Berlin) to Cheese- 
 mans or Webers Landing, on the northerly 
 branch of Great Timber Creek, past Andrew 
 Newman's mill and over " Ephraims Hill." 
 This road intersected with a road previously 
 laid out from John Hillman's mill to Gab- 
 riel Davis' house. 
 
 On December 7, 1763, an act was passed 
 by the Assembly for laying out " a more di- 
 rect road from Timber Creek, over Newton 
 Creek, near the mouth thereof, to Coopers 
 Ferries, and for erecting a bridge over New- 
 ton Creek," which was subsequently made 
 a toll-bridge. Isaac Cooper, John Buzby, 
 James Whitall, John Sparks, Joshua Lord 
 and James Hinchraan were appointed to lay 
 out the road and build the bridge. 
 
 On the 8th of December, 1766, commission- 
 ers appointed for the purpose laid out a road, 
 four rods wide, from the division line of 
 Burlington and Gloucester Counties, at Eves 
 Bridge, in the township of Evesham, to the 
 great road from Burlington to Salem, between 
 lands of Simeon Ellis and William Ellis, 
 now Ellisburg. 
 
 In the year 1767 the surveyors of 
 highways for the townships of Waterford, 
 Newton and Gloucester were Josiah Shivers, 
 Abraham Innskeep, Waterford ; Isaac Kay 
 and Edward Gibbs, Newton ; William Hugg 
 and John Griffith, Gloucester. On the 2d of 
 March in that year they laid out a road from 
 the " mansion-house of Thomas Ellis, at his 
 grist-mill, to the new road lately laid out 
 and leading from Burlington to Coopers 
 Ferry." On the 26th of May following, 
 they laid out a road from the north end of 
 Newton Meeting-house grounds, through 
 lands of Stephen Thackray, Richard Collins 
 and Jacob Stokes, to the great road leading 
 
344 
 
 HISTOKY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 to Haddonfield. This is evidently the present 
 Collings Avenue. 
 
 May 16, 1769, a road was laid out from 
 " the gate on Joseph Morgan's plantation, at 
 the mouth of Pensauken Creek, to the great 
 road that leads from Burlington to Coopers 
 Ferries." 
 
 On the 13th of November, 1770, a road 
 was laid out from the " new bridge erected 
 over Great Timber Creek, from the meadow- 
 ground of Jacob Clement to the lands of 
 George Marple, deceased, at a place formerly 
 called Ashbrooke's Landing, to a road for- 
 merly laid out." The bridge here mentioned 
 is now known as " Clements Bridge." 
 
 April 18, 1775, a road was laid from Eves 
 Bridge, through lands of Daniel Lippincott, 
 Charles French and David Davis, past lands 
 of Francis Kay, Samuel Murrell and Samuel 
 Eastlack, to the road from Moorestown to 
 Haddonfield, at Murrell's school-house. 
 
 April 14, 1775, the surveyors laid out a 
 road from the Burlington County line, at a 
 bridge near Samuel Collins' house, through 
 lands owned by him, by John Morton, Ezek- 
 iel Lindsay, and on the line of lands of Kin- 
 dall Cole and late John Cowperthwait to the 
 road from Moorestown to Haddonfield. 
 
 On the 27th of May, the next year, they 
 also laid out a road from the corner of land 
 of Jacob Stokes, at the north side of At- 
 mores Dam, along the line of land of Dav- 
 id Branson and Caleb Atmore, through land 
 of John Redman to the King's Highway 
 from Burlington to Salem. 
 
 March 23, 1783, the surveyors laid out a 
 road " from John Barton's grist-mill to the 
 bridge between Samuel Lippincott'stwo plan- 
 tations ; thence to cross at the head of a 
 branch by James Inskeep ; thence in a direct 
 course through William Bates' land to Punch 
 Bridge ; thence along the old road to the 
 school-house upon William Bates' land ; 
 thence along the old road through Nathaniel 
 Lippincott's land to Naomy Jones, so over 
 the bridge between the said Jones and the 
 
 place formerly William Shuster, so along the 
 road as it now lieth through Jonathan Ellis' 
 land ; thence along the old road through 
 Isaac Kay's land to an old field formerly 
 called Joshua Kay's field ; then leaving the 
 old road on the right hand and then on a di- 
 rect course through Kay's land, fronting 
 Isaac Kay's old brick-yard ; then upon 
 a short turn to the old cross-road ; thence 
 along the old road down to Kay's mill 
 bridge ; thence over the bridge along by the 
 mill; thence between the orchard and the 
 meadow, so into the King's Road." 
 
 A road was laid out " Two poles or perches 
 wide, April 12, 1786, to lead from a gate at 
 the outside of Benjamin Morgan's land to 
 the great road by John Burrough, Jr's., land 
 and at the school-house on his land." (Ben- 
 jamin Morgan then resided in the house now 
 occupied by John D. Hylton). ■ 
 
 March 5, 1788, a road was laid out from 
 Newton Meeting-house to the toll-bridge road 
 which then crossed Newton Creek from Glou- 
 cester to Camden. This route was changed 
 April 15, 1795, and terminated at the toll- 
 bridge road " where the Ditch that vents the 
 pond by Joseph Kaighn's house crosses the 
 same." 
 
 August 9, 1789, a road was laid out from 
 near Blackwood Meeting-house to the road 
 over Chews Bridge, now Chews Landing. 
 
 A struggle began October 19, 1793, for a 
 road from Chews Bridge (now Chews Land- 
 ing) to Coopers Ferries, which lasted several 
 years. It was laid out at the date above 
 mentioned and passed Newton Meeting-house. 
 Caveat was entered, and it was set aside by 
 the court December 24, 1793; again laid 
 out April 8, 1794, its terminus being at the 
 Haddonfield road, near Marmaduke Cooper's- 
 Caveat was again entered, and it was va- 
 cated by the court December 27, 1794. A 
 few years later it was opened on the present 
 line, and is now in use. 
 
 October 29, 1799, a road was laid out from 
 Long-a- Coming to the Blue Anchor tavern. 
 
PUBLIC INTERNAL IMPKOVEMENTS. 
 
 345 
 
 nearly on the line, but Eastwardly, of an old 
 road and Indian trail of which mention has 
 been made. 
 
 On the 28th of July, 1807, a road was 
 laid out from the " place where William 
 Vansciver keeps tavern," on the road from 
 Burlington to Coopers Ferry, along the same 
 and partly on a vacated road laid out in 1803, 
 to the bridge over Coopers Creek. The tav- 
 ern of William Vansciver was the old Sorrel 
 Horse tavern. The road follows a route that 
 had been used over forty years. 
 
 October 5, 1808, a road was laid out from 
 Eve's Causeway to Clements Bridge over 
 Timber Creek, now known as Spark's Mill 
 road. 
 
 April 27, 1809, the road known as the 
 Church road was laid out from the Mount 
 Holly stage-road, where the Cove road inter- 
 sects, to the Moorestown and Haddonfield 
 road, near Colestown Church. 
 
 The French, or Sorrel Horse road, as it 
 was early known, which ran from the Sorrel 
 Horse tavern to Haddonfield, was laid out 
 between 1805 and 1810. 
 
 Other roads were laid out as the country 
 became more thickly settled, and the old ones 
 were shortened and improved and placed 
 under the care of overseers of highways. 
 
 Turnpikes. — The Haddonfield and Cam- 
 den turnpike was first a bridle-path, and, in 
 1792, regularly laid out, became the great 
 highway from Haddonfield to Cooper's Fer- 
 ries. In 1820 subscriptions were obtained 
 from those interested, and, under charge of 
 John Roberts, John Gill and John Clement, 
 it was graveled its entire length. The first 
 effort to build a turnpike in Camden County 
 " was over this route, and on the 9th of March, 
 1839, an act of the Legislature was passed, 
 which provided for the incorporation of the 
 Haddonfield and Camden Turnpike Com- 
 pany, when five hundred shares of the stock 
 were subscribed. The company was author- 
 ized to hold twenty thousand dollars as capi- 
 tal stock, with privilege to increase to fifty 
 
 thousand dollars, the par value of a share to 
 be twenty-five dollars. Thomas Redman, 
 John Gill, Samuel Nicholson, Joseph W. 
 Cooper and Abraham Browning were ap- 
 pointed to open books and receive subscrip- 
 tions. The act provided that the road be 
 four rods in width, and thirty two feet to be 
 arched and drained, and to be fifteen inches 
 higher in the centre than at the sides. 
 
 For some reason the company was not or- 
 ganized under this charter, and, on the 26th 
 of September, 1844, a meeting was held in 
 the Friends' School-house, at Haddonfield, to 
 
 AN OLD STAGE COACH. 
 
 take into consideration the subject of improv- 
 ing the road. Jacob L. Rowand was ap- 
 pointed chairman and Thomas Redman, 
 secretary. A committee was appointed to 
 ascertain the best place to obtain gravel and 
 the probable cost of improvement. Another 
 meetingwas held November 21, 1846, "to con- 
 sider the utility of macadamizing or turnpik- 
 ing the road and of incorporating the same." 
 Jacob L. Rowand, Charles L. Willitts, Dr. 
 Charles D. Hendry, Charles H. Shinn, Joseph 
 L. Shivers and John Clement, Jr., were ap- 
 pointed to ascertain the amount of money that 
 could be raised and the probable cost of build- 
 ing and the right-of-way. An act was passed 
 by the Legislature, March 2, 1847, incorpo- 
 rating the company and appointing as com- 
 missioners, to receive subscriptions, Joseph 
 Porter, John Gill, Samuel Nicholson, Joseph 
 W. Cooper and Joshua P. Browning, or any 
 three of them. The capital stock was placed 
 at twenty thousand dollars, in eight hundred 
 shares of twenty-five dollars each ; books 
 
346 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 were opened at the hotel of Thomas A. 
 Pearce, iu Haddonfiekl, Thomas P. Clement, 
 Camden, and Jacob Leach, at Loug-a-Coming 
 (Berlin). Commissioners Nicholson, Brown- 
 ing and Gill were in attendance, and in a 
 short time eleven thousand dollars was sub- 
 scribed. 
 
 On August 11, 1847, the following persons 
 were chosen directors, viz. : John Gill, Joseph 
 [-"orter, John Clement, Jr., Richard W. Snow- 
 don, Edward Browning, Samuel Nicholson, 
 Josiah B. Evans, John E. Hopkins and 
 Daniel Conard. The board organized the 
 same day by the election of Samuel Nichol- 
 son as president and Jacob L. Rowand as 
 secretary and treasurer. 
 
 A contract was made with James Tuthill 
 it Co. to construct the road, which was soon 
 begun and finished in due season. The turn- 
 pike was to be built from Haddonfield to 
 Camden, terminating at the latter place, 
 at the junction of the old road with 
 the Chews Landing road. A supplement to 
 the original act authorized the company to 
 extend their road along the public road in 
 Camden to Federal Street, and thence by 
 way of Seventh Street to Market Street. 
 The turnpike, under the act of 1847, was to 
 be made thirty -two feet in width, arched and 
 drained, and sixteen feet of it to be com- 
 pactly bedded with stone or gravel. 
 
 It has been kept in good repair from that 
 time to the present, and, on July 1, 1886, 
 declared its seventy-third dividend. Richard 
 W. Snowdon was elected president in 1849 
 and served until his death, in 1868. Samuel 
 Nicholson was chosen to succeed him and 
 served until 1881, when the present presi- 
 dent — John H. Lippincott — was elected. 
 Jacob L. Rowand was chosen secretary and 
 treasurer at the organization and served until 
 his death, September 14, 1883, immediately 
 after which his son, J. Lewis Rowand, was 
 elected to fill the vacancy. 
 
 Before the completion of the turnpike 
 above mentioned the people of the county 
 
 became much interested in the subject, and 
 petitions were sent to the Assembly, asking 
 for the incorporation of several companies 
 desiring to build turnpikes in the limits of 
 Camden County. On the 28th of February, 
 1849, the following companies were incor- 
 porated : Moorestown and Camden, Camden, 
 Ellisburg and Marlton, Woodbury and Cam- 
 den, Westfield and Camden and Williams- 
 town and Camden. The routes over which 
 the companies were desirous of building 
 pikes were, in all cases, old-established roads, 
 and the acts of incorporation provided that 
 the road-beds should be at least thirty-two 
 feet in width, arched and drained, and six- 
 teen feet thereof should be made of stone, 
 gravel, or plank, the bridges to be from 
 eleven to twenty feet in width. 
 
 The Moorestown and Camden, Camden, 
 Ellisburg and Marlton, and the Westfield 
 and Camden Companies were all chartered 
 February 28, 1849, and the southern ter- 
 minus was at the Truss Bridge, over Coopers 
 Creek, in Camden. From the point of 
 junction the three companies united in build- 
 ing the turnpike to the bridge. The excessive 
 travel upon this part of the road in later 
 years required a more substantial road, and 
 it has been laid with rubble, which has since 
 been reiaid. The companies were not or- 
 ganized at once, as some time was required 
 to obtain subscriptions. They were, however, 
 built between 1852 and 1855. 
 
 In 1840 the attention of the people living 
 along the line of the Moorestown and Cam- 
 den road was called to the necessity of turn- 
 piking or graveling the heavy and sandy 
 parts of the road. The question was agi- 
 tated, and, on the 16th of January, 1841, a 
 meeting was held at Daniel Bennett's hotel, 
 in Moorestown, at which three persons were 
 selected to report at a future meeting the 
 most desirable way of improving the road, 
 and Richard M. Hugg, William Collins and 
 Samuel Church were appointed to solicit 
 subscriptions for the purpose. At a meeting 
 
PUBLIC INTEENAL IMPROVEMENTS. 
 
 347 
 
 held February 8, 1841, the committee re- 
 ported the cost at two thousand dollars per 
 mile. Subscriptions were obtained, and, 
 three years later, on the 15th of August, 
 1844, a meeting of subscribers was held, to 
 take measures to gravel the road. But little 
 more was done until 1849, when the Moores- 
 town and Camden Company was chartered. 
 Amos Stiles, Elisha Hunt, Allen Jones, 
 Levi Barton, Joseph A. Burrough and Ben- 
 jamin W. Cooper were authorized to open 
 books for subscription to the amount of 
 fifty thousand dollars. An amount was sub- 
 scribed, in course of time, sufficient to per- 
 fect an organization, and Edward Harris was 
 chosen president and Dr. J. J. Spencer, trea- 
 surer. 
 
 The road was built of gravel, as specified 
 in the act. Two toll-gates were erected. On 
 the 17th of February, 1853, the company, by 
 act of Assembly, was authorized to construct 
 a road to connect with the Mount Holly and 
 Moorestown turnpike, and on February 12, 
 1855, to connect with the Fellowship and 
 Church roads, in Burlington County. The 
 company have imited with the Westfield and 
 Camden turnpike to build a macadamized 
 road, eighteen feet in width, from the point 
 of junction with that road to the point of 
 junction with the Camden, EUisburg and 
 Marlton turnpike. 
 
 Upon the death of Mr. Harris, Eichard 
 M. Hugg, was chosen president, and was 
 succeeded by Eramor Robert, who is still 
 president. Dr. J. J. Spencer, as treasurer, 
 was succeeded by the present incumbent, 
 Israel Hewlings. John S. Collins is the 
 present secretary. 
 
 The Westfield and Camden Turnpike Com- 
 pany was incorporated by an act of the Leg- 
 islature, which authorized Samuel R. Lippin- 
 cott, Nathaniel N. Stokes, John S. Hylton, 
 William Folwell, Chalkley Gillingham, Jos. 
 R. Weatherby and Nathan H. Conrow to 
 open books for subscriptions. The capital 
 stock was placed at seven thousand dollars. 
 
 with privilege to raise to fourteen thousand 
 dollars. The road was to. be built from 
 the bridge over Pensauken Creek along 
 the old Burlington road, to near the Truss 
 Bridge over Coopers Creek. The road- 
 bed was made of gravel, and in use until 
 1886, when arrangements were made to mac- 
 adamize the road from the point of inter- 
 section with the Moorestown and Camden 
 turnpike to Pensauken Creek, at a cost of 
 seven thousand dollars per mile, which is now 
 being done. The company united with the 
 Moorestown and Camden Turnpike Company 
 to macadamize the road eighteen feet in 
 width, from the point of intersection to the 
 intersection with the Camden, Ellisburg and 
 Marlton pike. Upon the organization of the 
 company Ezra Evans was chosen president. 
 On the 4th of March, 1853, the company 
 was authorized to construct a road from Pen- 
 sauken Creek to connect with the Beverly 
 and Mount Holly plank-road, which was 
 done. The present officers are Heulings 
 Lippincott (president) and Clayton Conrow 
 (secretary and treasurer). 
 
 The first effiDrt at making turnpike im- 
 provement on the route of the Camden, 
 Ellisburg and Marlton turnpike was at a 
 meeting held at the house of Joseph Ellis, 
 at Ellisburg, on the 26th of September, 1844. 
 The object of the meeting was to make ar- 
 rangements to gravel the sandy parts of the 
 road leading from Medford through Marlton 
 to its junction with the Moorestown'road near 
 Camden. A committee was appointed to so- 
 licit subscriptions and ascertain the cost of 
 the work proposed. But little was done until 
 the act of incorporation was obtained, in 
 1849. 
 
 The Camden, Ellisburg and Marlton Turn- 
 pike Company had its origin in an act desig- 
 nating as commissioners to solicit subscrip- 
 tions to the capital stock (thirty thousand 
 dollars, with privilege of increasing to fifty 
 thou,sand dollars) Thomas Evans, Ezra 
 Evans, Joseph H. Coles, Charles Knight., 
 
348 
 
 HISTOEY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Edward Browning and Jacob Troth. The 
 road-bed was laid with gravel, and with re- 
 pairs, is Itept in good condition. On the 24th 
 of March, 1852, the company was authorized 
 to extend the road to Medford, and March 
 14, 1856, from the Point House, in Delaware 
 township, to Green Tree tavern, in Burling- 
 ton County. By act of April 12, 1876, that 
 part of the pike from Medford to Darnell's 
 Corner was abandoned because of the de- 
 crease of receipts after the completion of the 
 railroad. The first president of the company 
 was Ezra Evans. The present officers are 
 Freedom W. Lippincott (president) and Wil- 
 liam J. Evans (secretary and treasurer). 
 
 The Woodbury and Camden turnpike was 
 chartered the same day as the preceding com- 
 panies, February 28, 1849, Robert K. Mat- 
 lack, Benjamin Tatem, John B. Harrison, 
 John R. Sickler, John Gaunt, Nathan T. 
 Stratton, Charles F. Clark, John W. Hazel- 
 ton, John Duell, Thomas H. Whitney, John 
 W. Mickle, Charles Kaighn and Abraham 
 Browning being appointed commissioners. 
 The company was authorized to raise capital 
 stock to the amount of thirty thousand dol- 
 lars, with privilege to increase to fifty thou- 
 sand dollars. A supplement to the act of in- 
 corporation was passed March 26, 1852, 
 authorizing the company to construct a turn- 
 pike or plank-road from Pine Grove tavern 
 to some point in Camden, and Abraham 
 Browning, John W. Mickle, Charles Kaighn, 
 John K. Cowperthwait and Stephen Craven 
 were appointed commissioners. 
 
 The Mullica Hill and Woodbury Turn- 
 pike Company, incorporated at the same time 
 as the other, was, by act of Assembly, March 
 1, 1849, consolidated with the Woodbury and 
 Camden, and assumed the name of Mullica 
 Hill and Camden Turnpike Company. On 
 the .3d of March, 1853, an act was passed 
 authorizing the name of the Woodbury and 
 Camden Turnpike Company to be changed 
 to Camden and Gloucester City Turnpike 
 Company. An act passed March 14, 1870, 
 
 authorized the abandonment of that part of 
 the pike from Pine Grove to Camden, and 
 the remainder is still in use. 
 
 The Gloucester turnpike is a gravel road 
 built on the line of an old plank -road, and 
 extends from Gloucester City to Woodbury, 
 a distance of four and a half miles. The 
 act of Assembly granting the charter was ap- 
 proved by the Governor of New Jersey 
 March 5, 1850. The incorporators, who al- 
 so became the first board of directors, were 
 Thomas S. Ridge way, Benjamin T. McMur- 
 trie. Cooper B. Browning, Joshua P. Brown- 
 ing and Wm. S. Doughten. The first presi- 
 dent of this company after its organization 
 was Benjamin McMurtrie, and the first sec- 
 retary and treasurer was Charles Hay. The 
 officers for 1886 are Joseph Hatch, presi- 
 dent ; J. Lynn Truscott, treasurer ; and 
 Edmund E. Read, Jr., secretary ; who, to- 
 gether with Henry C. Clark and Samuel P. 
 Lippincott, constitute the board of directors 
 of the company. 
 
 The Williamstown and Camden Turnpike 
 Company, chartered February 28, 1849, was 
 authorized to raise stock to the amount of 
 fifty thousand dollars and to construct a 
 turnpike of stone, gravel or plank between 
 the points named in its title. Joel Bodine, 
 William Corkney, Edward Brewer, Hiram 
 Morgan, John W. Mickle, Edward Brown- 
 ing and David E. Marshall were appointed 
 commissioners to solicit subscriptions. The 
 construction of the railroad led to the aban- 
 donment of part of the road, and on the 
 24th of March, 1852, the Williamstown and 
 Good Intent Turnpike Company was char- 
 tered, with John Bodine, David E. Marshall, 
 Richard H. Tice, Samuel Rommel, John F. 
 Bodine, Joseph Nicholson, William Taylor, 
 William Tweed and Samuel D. Sharp as 
 commissioners. The road was built from 
 Blackwood to Williamstown and is now in 
 operation. 
 
 The Stockton and Newton Turnpike Com- 
 pany was chartered March 18, 1859, with 
 
PUBLIC INTEENAL IMPKOVEMENTS. 
 
 349 
 
 John M. Kaighn, Joseph M. Cooper, Charles 
 Kaighn, Henry B. "Wilson and William 
 S. Doughten commissioners, with power to 
 build a turnpike from Kaighn Point through 
 Stockton to the Haddonfield turnpike, and 
 from the city on the straight road, being a 
 continuation of Market Street, to an intersec- 
 tion with the Haddonfield turnpike. 
 
 The Camden and Blackwoodtown Turn- 
 pike Company became an incorporated body 
 by an act of the Assembly March 24, 1855, 
 to construct and operate a turnpike between 
 the points named in the title of the bill. 
 The capital stock was fixed at twelve thou- 
 sand dollars, with the privilege of increasing 
 the same to twenty-five thousand dollars, the 
 par value of each share to be twenty-five dol- 
 lars. John W. Mickle, John M. Kaighn, John 
 D. Glover, Arthur Brown, Abraham Brown- 
 ing, Joshua Sickler, Charles S. Garrett, John 
 North and Isaac W. Mickle were designated 
 as commissioners to open books and receive 
 subscriptions. Soon after the road was con- 
 structed through Mount Ephraim and Chews 
 Landing to the present village of Blackwood, 
 a distance of ten miles, where it connected 
 with the Good Intent and Williamstown 
 turnpike. A grade of thirty feet width was 
 established and a good road-bed secured, 
 which has since been improved to an excel- 
 lent condition. The office of the company is 
 at Mount Ephraim. The officers for 1886 
 are William Nicholson, president; Joseph 
 M. Haines, treasurer ; Benjamin Tomlinson, 
 secretary. John Shubert, Samuel C. Cooper, 
 Thomas Scott and John D. Glover, with the 
 officers named, form the directory. The ex- 
 ecutive committee of the company is com- 
 posed of Joseph M. Haines, John D. Glover 
 and Benjamin Tomlinson, who have personal 
 supervision of the road, which is well patron- 
 ized. 
 
 The White Horse Turnpike Company 
 
 was incorporated January 27, 1854, having 
 
 authority to build a pike on the White Horse 
 
 road from the junction of Haddonfield and 
 
 41 
 
 Camden turnpike to where it crosses the 
 road leading from Haddonfield to Clem- 
 ents Bridge. On the 17th of March, 1855, 
 authority was given the company to extend 
 the pike from its termination, along the 
 White Horse road, to the White Horse tav- 
 ern, and March 6, 1857, to Long-a-Coming 
 (Berlin). The corporators of the road were 
 John W. Mickle, John Gill, Samuel Nichol- 
 son, Joseph B. Tatum, Isaac Z. Ceilings, 
 Samuel S. Willits and Joseph B. Cooper. 
 
 The Camden and Atlantic Turnpike Com- 
 pany was incorporated March 25, 1852, with 
 an authorized capital of fifty thousand dol- 
 lars, and privilege of building a turnpike or 
 plank-road from Haddonfield, through Long- 
 a-Comiug, Tansboro', Blue Anchor and Wins- 
 low, in Camden County, and Weymouth and 
 Emmelville to Hamilton Bridge, in Atlantic 
 County, but it was inoperative. 
 
 The Berlin and Haddonfield Turnpike 
 Company, incorporated in 1875, was also in- 
 operative. 
 
 railroads. 
 
 The Camden and Amboy Eaileoad 
 
 AND TeANSPOETATION COMPANY, which 
 
 was the first built of all the railroads in 
 West Jersey, was incorporated by act of the 
 Legislature February 4, 1830, with a capital 
 stock of one million dollars, in shares of one 
 hundred dollars each, the company having 
 the privilege to increase it to one million five 
 hundred thousand dollars. The president 
 was John Stevens, who had projected the first 
 railroad from Philadelphia to Columbia, Pa. 
 Traffic arrangements were made with the 
 lines of stages and steamboats crossing the 
 State between New York and Philadelphia • 
 and Mr. Stevens, with the aid of steam on 
 the railway, said that a speed of fifteen miles 
 an hour might be safely reached, and the 
 journey from one city to the other made in 
 six hours, which he considered would " be 
 found to be sufficiently rapid for all practical 
 purposes." The charter provided that the 
 State might subscribe to one-fourth of the 
 
350 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 stock on or before January 1, 1831, but this 
 right was never exercised. The company 
 was empowered to build from Camden to 
 some point on Earitan Bay, the road-bed to 
 be not more than one hundred feet wide, 
 with as many trades as might be needed. 
 The charges were limited to ten cents per 
 mile for each passenger, and eight cents per 
 ton per mile for transportation of freight. 
 The company was exempted from State tax- 
 ation, in lieu of which it was required to pay 
 to the State ten cents for each passenger and 
 fifteen cents for each ton of freight carried. 
 It was also stipulated that if the Legislature 
 should authorize the construction of any 
 other railroad across New Jersey, from New 
 York to Philadelphia, which road should 
 commence and terminate within three miles 
 of the terminals of the Camden and Amboy, 
 then these head and tonnage dues should 
 cease, and the other road should be liable to 
 the State for a tax not less in amount than 
 the sum payable by this company. Suitable 
 steam or other vessels were required to be 
 provided at each terminus to make connec- 
 tions with New York and Philadelphia. 
 The road was to be begun within two and 
 completed within nine years, and the State 
 reserved the right to purchase it after the 
 expiration of thirty years, at a valuation to 
 be fixed by law. By an act passed February 
 4, 1831, the State agreed to take and pay 
 the installments upon a thousand shares of 
 the stock and appoint a director ; but if an- 
 other railway was constructed between Phil- 
 adelphia and New York, the shares were to 
 revert to the company, and the State was to 
 receive no more dividends from them. To 
 further shield the road from competition, it 
 was stipulated that it should not be lawful 
 to construct another railroad across New 
 Jersey, within three miles of the Camden and 
 Amboy, until after the nine years allowed for 
 the completion of the latter. 
 
 On February 15, 1831, this company and 
 the Delaware and Raritan Canal Company 
 
 were consolidated by an act of the Legisla- 
 ture ; they were made jointly liable for con- 
 tracts entered into by either, and were for- 
 bidden to charge more than three dollars 
 passenger fare between Philadelphia and 
 New York ; it was required that both rail- 
 way and canal should be completed within 
 the nine years, and if one was finished before 
 the other, the finished work was to be for- 
 feited to the State. By an act of March 2, 
 1832, the State accepted one thousand shares 
 of the joint capital stock, and tlie companies 
 contracted that if within a year after the 
 completion of the road from Bordentown to 
 Amboy, the transit duties and the dividends 
 on these shares did not amount to thirty 
 thousand dollars, they would pay the defi- 
 ciency to the State, and so annually thereafter. 
 They determined to build a railroad from 
 Spottswood to New Brunswick as soon as a 
 line united New Brunswick with the Hud- 
 son River, and the State bound itself not to 
 grant a franchise to any competing road 
 without the assent of the consolidated com- 
 panies. This complicated legislation grew 
 out of the desire of the State to make the 
 railroad projectors pay well for their monop- 
 oly, while the latter purposed to shut out 
 any rivalry and to make it the interest of the 
 State to vest in their hands the control of all 
 rapid transit between the two principal cities 
 of the country. But there was so little con- 
 fidence in the feasibility of railroads at the 
 time the first began to be constructed, that 
 the Legislature of New Jersey inserted in the 
 charter a provision that it should be annulled 
 if the company abandoned the road or failed 
 to keep it in repair for three successive years. 
 In February, 1833, thirty-five miles of 
 track had been laid between South Amboy 
 and Bordentown, at a maximum cost of 
 eighteen thousand dollars per mile, and pas- 
 sengers and freight were transported in car- 
 riages drawn by horses. The rails were of 
 cast-iron, laid upon blocks of stone or wooden 
 sleepers, three feet apart. According to Gor- 
 
PUBLIC INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. 
 
 351 
 
 don's Gazetteer of that year : " The remainder 
 of the road, from Bordentown to Camden, is 
 in progress, and is being constructed of wood 
 faced with iron bars, it being supposed that 
 it will not be employed more than two or 
 three months in the year, and will therefore 
 not require the strength of the portion be- 
 tween Bordentown and New York." A first 
 train passed over the entire length of the road 
 in October, 1834. It was drawn by the engine 
 "John Bull," which had been built in 1831 
 for the company by George and Robert Stev- 
 enson, at Newcastle-upon-Tyne, England. 
 The diinensions of this first locomotive 
 which crossed the bounds of old Glou- 
 cester County were as follows : Cylinders, 
 nine inches diameter, twenty inches stroke ; 
 one pair driving-wheels, four feet, six inches 
 diameter ; one pair front wheels of same 
 diameter. The hubs were of cast-iron, the 
 spokes and rims of wood, and the tires of 
 wrought-iron ; weight of engine, about ten 
 tons. The builders landed it at Philadel- 
 phia in August, 1831, from whence it was 
 taken to Bordentown in sections on a sloop. 
 There it was put together on a piece of track 
 three-quarters of a mile long, which was all 
 that the company had then permanently laid 
 down. A tender and water-tank was con- 
 structed by mounting a whiskey hogshead 
 upon a four-wheeled platform car, and the 
 connection between the pumps and the tank 
 was made by a leather hose supplied by a 
 Bordentown shoemaker. Steam was raised 
 on September 1 5th, and, in the presence of the 
 officers of the road, the engine was run over 
 the bit of track. On November 12th the 
 engine was given a public trial, the members 
 of the New Jersey Legislature and promi- 
 nent railroad men and' engineers being in- 
 vited to witness it. Isaac Dripps was en- 
 gineer, Benjamin Higgins did the firing and 
 Robert L. Stevens supervised affiiirs. Then 
 the engine was retired until brought into ac- 
 tive service on the completion of the line, in 
 1814, and for thirty-three years afterward it 
 
 did regular duty. In 1876 the historic en- 
 gine was exhibited at the Centennial. 
 
 It is interesting to observe the ideas and 
 experiments of early inventors concerning 
 locomotive, steamboats and traction engines. 
 When compared with the perfection reached 
 in this direction to-day, we notice that Oliver 
 Evans, about the year 1804, constructed 
 what he called a steam-carriage, which cor- 
 responded in many respects to the " John 
 Bull" engine above-named. This some- 
 what novel carriage was exhibited on the 
 roads near Philadelphia, and propelled for 
 a short distance amid much enthusiasm. 
 
 The total cost of the tixty-four miles of 
 the Camden and Amboy road was eleven 
 million two hundred and twenty-one thou- 
 sand six hundred and ninety-six dollars, 
 and it was finished in 1837 through to the 
 Camden water-front at Broadway. The sur- 
 veys had been begun on June 16, 1830, by 
 Major John Wilson and his assistant engi- 
 neers, and in the middle of January, 1833 
 passengers passed between Bordentown and 
 Amboy by train, and between Bordentown 
 and Philadelphia in the steamer " Trenton.' 
 A year afterward the rails had been laid to 
 within eleven miles of Camden, with which 
 connection was made by horse-power. The 
 United States mail was sent for the first 
 time from the Philadelphia post-office to 
 Camden, to be sent to New York, on Decem- 
 ber 29, 1834. The entire track from Cam- 
 den to Amboy was in full use by the early 
 spring of 1835, and a newspaper noted it as 
 " one of the most extraordinary instances of 
 rapid traveling on record, that passengers 
 were taken from Philadelphia to New York, 
 distance computed to be ninety-four miles, in 
 four and three-quarters hours, including the 
 land and water transportation." 
 
 This was the great route of travel between 
 Philadelphia and New York until the con- 
 struction of the more direct line via Trenton 
 and Jersey City. By an agreement made in 
 January, 1867, tlie United Companies, the 
 
352 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Philadelphia and Trenton Railroad Com- 
 pany and the New Jersey Eailroad and 
 Transportation Company, which owned the 
 line between New Brunswick and Jersey 
 City, were consolidated as the United Rail- 
 road and Canal Companies of New Jersey, on 
 the basis of an equal division of profits be- 
 tween the three railroads and the Delaware 
 and Raritan Canal Company. In May, 
 1871, all these properties were leased for 
 nine hundred and ninety-nine years to the 
 Pennsylvania Railroad Company under a 
 guarantee of dividends of ten per cent, upon 
 the capital stock, and, after a long and bitter 
 resistance in the courts, the lease was con- 
 firmed by an act of the New Jersey Legisla- 
 ture approved March 27, 1873. 
 
 Andrew Heath, one of the first con- 
 ductors on the Camden and Amboy Rail- 
 road, and for many years captain of the 
 ferry-boat for the same company, during a 
 period of more than a quarter of a century, 
 was familiarly known to thousands of trav- 
 elers who passed between the cities of New 
 York and Philadelphia. He was born in 
 1812 in Germantown, Pa., and was a son of 
 Charles Heath and Amy Pedrick, his wife, 
 both of whom were prominent members of 
 the Society of Friends. Andrew Heath, 
 after obtaining his education in the Friends' 
 School of his native town, learned the tan- 
 ner's trade with his father, and followed that 
 occupation until he attained his majority. 
 He then, upon the completion of the Camden 
 and Amboy Railroad, became one of its first 
 conductors, moved to Camden, where he 
 resided the remainder of his life, and contin- 
 ued in the employ of the company until his 
 death. After retiring from the position of 
 railroad conductor he was made captain of 
 the steamboat "Washington," belonging to 
 the railroad company, which conveyed its 
 passengers from Walnut Street wharf, Phila- 
 delphia, to Tacony, carrying the passengers 
 of the Camden and Amboy and Philadelphia 
 and Trenton Railroads. After the companies 
 
 abandoned that route of travel across the 
 Delaware River, aud constructed the bridge 
 at Trenton, Captain Heath, in the same em- 
 ploy, conveyed passengers in his boat, which 
 plied between Philadelphia aud Camden. 
 The " State Rights," a large steamer, was 
 placed on this line ; Mr. Heath became its 
 captain, and held that position until his 
 death, on August 23, 1871. His gentle- 
 manly and courteous manners made him very 
 popular with the travelers and highly ap- 
 preciated by the officers of the company. In 
 1838 he was married to Matilda Pike, of 
 Berks County, Pa., by whom he had seven 
 children, of whom Charles, Amy, Edwin 
 and Andrew died within a period of three 
 days of diphtheria, during the prevalence 
 of that disease in Camden. 
 
 Robert F., the second son, is now register 
 of Camden County and also extensively en- 
 gaged in the manufacture of straw goods in 
 Philadelphia. Matilda is married to James 
 B. Boyer, of Camden, and they now reside 
 in New York City. John, the youngest sur- 
 viving son, was married to Jennie Thistle, 
 of Philadelphia, and now is an employee of 
 the Pennsylvania Railroad Company at 
 their office in Fourth Street, Philadelphia. 
 
 Projects that Came to Naught. — 
 After the Camden and Amboy Railroad was 
 built, a desire began to grow among the 
 people for a railroad connecting Camden with 
 the Atlantic coast, and on March 10, 1836, 
 an act was passed which granted a charter to 
 the "Camden and Egg Harbor Railroad 
 Company," with an authorized capital of 
 two hundred thousand dollars. The corpo- 
 rators were Jesse Richards, Samuel B. Finch, 
 Timothy Pharo, Ebenezer Tucker and Wil- 
 liam McCarty. The route was to be from 
 Camden to Quaker Bridge, in Burlington 
 County, thence to McCartyville or Wading 
 River, thence to or near Tuokerton. The 
 company was authorized to build a branch to 
 Great Egg Harbor Bay. This road was 
 never built. Four years later a notice of ap- 
 
PUBLIC INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. 
 
 353 
 
 plication to the Legislature of New Jersey 
 was made, December 12, 1840, for an act to 
 incorporate a company under the name of 
 " The People's Railroad Company," with a 
 capital of one million dollars, and power to 
 construct a railroad from some point on the 
 Delaware at or near Camden, or between 
 Trenton or Camden, to the city of New 
 Brunswick. In the case of this application no 
 charter was granted, but in a few years after 
 charters were granted and roads were built. 
 
 The Camden and Atlantic Rail- 
 road, extending from Coopers Point, Cam- 
 den, to Atlantic City, a distance of fifty-eight 
 and three-fourths miles, was chartered by the 
 New Jersey Legislature March 19, 1852. 
 The incorporators as named in the charter 
 were John W. Mickle, Abraham Browning, 
 Joseph Porter, Andrew K. Hay, John H. 
 Coffin, John Stanger, Jesse Richards, Thos. 
 H. Richards, Edmund Taylor, Joseph 
 Thompson, Robert Risley, Enoch Doughty 
 and Jonathan Pitney, who were empowered to 
 open books and receive subscriptions to stock. 
 
 A meeting for that purpose was held at 
 the "Arch Street House," Philadelphia, then 
 kept by Thompson Newkirk, on the 24th 
 day of June, 1852. After the entire amount 
 of five hundred thousand dollars, in ten thou- 
 sand shares, was subscribed, the stockholders 
 elected the following-named persons as di- 
 rectors: Wm. Coffin, Joseph Porter, Andrew 
 K. Hay, Thos. H. Richards, Enoch Doughty, 
 Jonathan Pitney, Stephen Colwell, Samuel 
 Richards and Wm. Fleming. The board or- 
 ganized by electing Alexander K. Hay, 
 president, and Samuel Richards, secretary 
 and treasurer, as temporary officers. Richard 
 B. Osborne was engaged as the engineer. 
 He made the survey and the work of con- 
 structing the road was immediately com- 
 menced. On November 19, 1852, the ferry 
 property at Coopers Point, the western ter- 
 minus of the projected road, was purchased 
 of William Cooper for forty thousand dol- 
 lars. Hon. Thomas P. Carpenter was chosen 
 
 counsel for the company. In October, 1853, 
 the road was formally opened from Coopers 
 Point through Haddonfield to Long-a-Com- 
 ing (now Berlin), a distance of sixteen and 
 a half miles, and on July 4, 1854, the entire 
 road was completed to the ocean and the 
 first trains ran over the route on that day. 
 
 Soon after the completion of the railroad 
 a telegraph line was extended by the company 
 along the entire route. In 1865 this line was 
 leased by the American Telegraph Company 
 and subsequently by its successors, the West- 
 ern Union Telegraph Company. 
 
 The Camden and Atlantic Railroad, as 
 completed in 1854, was the first railroad to 
 be constructed across the State of New Jersey 
 to the ocean, and thus became an influential 
 factor in developing the internal resources of 
 the State. 
 
 This enterprise in its inception was by 
 capitalists and business men regarded as "ex- 
 tra hazardous." The applicants for the 
 charter met with no opposition before the 
 Legislature, for no one suspected the road 
 would be built. There were no towns of 
 any size on the proposed line, but few manu- 
 facturers, and absolutely nothing at the east- 
 ern terminus, save the broad expanse of the 
 Atlantic Ocean. 
 
 The arguments that a railroad would bring 
 the extensive tracts of waste land into market 
 at last induced the owners of these lands to 
 move in the matter and after many consulta- 
 tions the work was begun. The opposition 
 and annoyances that follow all such under- 
 takings were attendant on this, and often 
 the projectors saw nothing short of insolven- 
 cy and individual ruin surrounding them. 
 As any town was reached, a line of passen- 
 ger cars would be put on, which produced 
 some revenue and encouraged the stockhold- 
 ers. Occasionally rumors were afloat that 
 the work would be abandoned and the slow 
 manner in which the grading and track-laying 
 east of Winslow was conducted seemed to 
 confirm this story. At last the meadows 
 
354 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 were crossed and the terminal point on Abse- 
 com beach was reached. Visitors looked out 
 upon the ocean. They were surrounded by 
 11 barren but a high beach, where the bathing 
 was all that could be asked. 
 
 Out of the sand, the sedge and the slashes 
 arose a town filled with a permanent, as well 
 as a transient population, seeking after 
 liealth, recreation and fortune. 
 
 The line of the road is now crowded with 
 towns immediate and towns prospective, with 
 farms and factories where hundreds of people 
 are employed and obtain a comfortable live- 
 lihood. On either side the soil has been 
 cleared and found suitable for all the crops 
 adapted to the climate. Abandoned water- 
 l)owers are utilized either for cranberry- 
 growing or manufacturing. Grapes and all 
 tlie small fruits grow luxuriantly and make 
 a profitable yield to the growers, thus main- 
 taining a population on the soil where noth- 
 ing had before been produced. 
 
 Dividends upon the stock of the Camden 
 and Atlantic Railroad Company have been 
 paid as follows : 
 
 October 1, 1872, three and one-half per cent, on 
 the preferred stock ; November 15, 1873, three and 
 one-half per cent, on the preferred stock ; October 
 1, 1874, seven per cent, on the preferred stock and 
 three and one-half per cent, on the common stock ; 
 May 1, 1875, three and one-half per cent. ; Octo- 
 ber 1, 1875, three and one-half percent.; January 
 15, 1876, two per cent. ; April 15, 1876, two per 
 cent. ; July 15, 1876, two per cent. ; October 16, 
 1876, two per cent., all on the preferred, and Jan- 
 uary 15, 1877, two per cent, on common stock ; No- 
 vember 1, 1879, three and one-half per cent, on 
 the preferred stock ; April 19, 1880, three and one- 
 half per cent, on the preferred and common stock, 
 payable in preferred stock-scrip ; November 15, 
 1882, four per cent, on the preferred stock ; Feb- 
 ruary 1, 1884, seven per cent, on the preferred 
 stock. 
 
 The dates of election and terms of office 
 of the several presidents have been as fol- 
 lows: 
 
 Andrew K. Hay, June 24, 1852, until April 1, 
 1853 ; John 0. Da Costa, April 1, 1853, until April 
 6, 1855 ; George W. Richards, April 6, 1855, un- 
 
 til July 13, 1857 ; John Brodhead, July 13, 1857, 
 until October 22, 1863; Joseph W. Cooper, Octo- 
 ber 22 to December 18, 1863 ; Robert Frazer, De- 
 cember 18, 1863, until October 23, 1873 ; Andrew 
 K. Hay, October 23, 1873, until March 16, 1876; 
 William Massey, president ^ro tern., November 18, 
 1875, until March 16, 1876; John Lucas, March 
 16, 1876, until October 25, 1877 ; Charles D. Free- 
 man, October 25, 1877, until February 22, 1883 ; 
 William L. Elkins, February 22, 1883, and Wil- 
 liam J. Sewell, vice-president, March 3, 1883, until 
 tlie present time. 
 
 The several secretaries and treasurers have 
 been elected as follows : 
 
 Samuel Richards, secretary pro tern., June 24, 
 1852 ; J. Engle Negus, secretary and treasurer, 
 August 25, 1852 ; Samuel Richards, secretary jjto 
 <em., September 28, 1852 ; Robert Frazer, secretary 
 and treasurer, November 5, 1852 ; Horace White- 
 man, secretary and treasurer, December 18, 1863 
 Daniel M. Zimmerman, secretary and treasurer, 
 December 21, 1871 ; Daniel M. Zimmerman, sec- 
 retary, February 22, 1883, until the present time 
 William Taylor, treasurer, February 22, 1883, un- 
 til the present time. 
 
 The officers of this road are : 
 
 President, William L. Elkins; Vice-president, 
 William J. Sewell; Secretary, Daniel M. Zim- 
 merman; Treasurer, William Taylor. Directors: 
 William L. Elkins, James B. Dayton, Frank 
 Thomson, Richard D. Barclay, Thomas H. Dudley, 
 Joseph N. Du Barry, William C. Houston, Ed- 
 mund E. Read, Henry D. Welsh, William Settle, 
 John B. Hay, Enoch A. Doughty, Crawford Miller. 
 
 The West Jersey Raileoad was in- 
 corporated February 5, 1853, by an act of 
 the Legislature, which authorized the con- 
 struction of a road from Camden City, through 
 Gloucester, Salem, Cumberland and Cape 
 May Counties, to a terminus at or near Cape 
 Island, in the last-named county. 
 
 The incorporators were Thomas H. Whit- 
 ney, Lewis Mulford, John W. Mickle, 
 George M. Ward, Samuel S. Movey, David 
 Potter, E. L. B. Wales, Richard P. Thomp- 
 son, Charles E. Elmer, Richard C. Holmes, 
 Newcomb J. Thompson, Francis N. Buck, 
 Benjamin F. Lee, Samuel J. Reeves, Abra- 
 ham Browning, John A. Elkinton, Joshua 
 Swain,Jr., Richard D. Wood, Benjamin Ac- 
 
PUBLIC INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. 
 
 355 
 
 ton, Jr., Thomas Mills, Thomas Jones 
 Yorke, Samuel A. Whitney, Mark Devine 
 and Daniel E. Estell. 
 
 Books were opened for receiving stock 
 subscriptions, but, although great eiforts 
 were made by the commissioners, or incorpo- 
 rators, to interest the public, very few people 
 came forward to lend financial aid to the en- 
 terprise, and it appeared as if failure was in- 
 evitable. It was then, when only five hun- 
 dred and twenty-five shares had been taken, 
 all told, that Commodore Robert F. Stock- 
 ton exhibited his faith in the ultimate success 
 of the project by subscribing for four thou- 
 sand shares, which amounted to two hundred 
 thousand dollars. This encouraged others, 
 and the affairs of the West Jersey Railroad 
 Company were in a promising and constantly 
 improving condition. 
 
 On the 3d of May, 1853, a board of thir- 
 teen directors was organized, consisting of 
 Robert F. Stockton, Edwin A. Stevens, 
 Robert L. Stevens, John P. Stockton, John 
 W. Mickle, Thomas H. Whitney, John G. 
 Rosenbaum, Thomas Jones Yorke, Richard 
 P. Thompson, George M. Ward, David Por- 
 ter, Samuel J. Bayard and Joshua Swain, Jr. 
 The first meeting of the board was held on 
 the 9th of May, when Commodore Robert 
 F. Stockton was elected president, Thomas 
 Jones Yorke secretary, and General William 
 Cook chief engineer. 
 
 Prior to the organization of the company, 
 and following the decline of the Camden and 
 Woodbury Railroad, which had been opened 
 since 1837, the question of a railroad leading 
 southerly had been much agitated, and early 
 in 1852 General Cook made preliminary 
 surveys over three routes, and io his report 
 mentioned the distance over each and the 
 comparative cost. The first route, via Wood- 
 bury, Glassboro' and Millville, seventy- 
 eight miles ; estimated cost, seven hundred 
 and seventy-five thousand two hundred and 
 eighty dollars. The second and still more 
 eligible route, via Woodbury, Glassboro', 
 
 and Millville, eighty-five miles ; estimated 
 cost, eight hundred and eighty thousand dol- 
 lars. The third and longest route, by way 
 of Salem, with an estimated cost of one mil- 
 lion one hundred and eighty-one thousand 
 eight hundred and forty dollars. The esti- 
 mated cost of engines, cars, depots, tanks, 
 stations, etc., was one hundred and twenty 
 thousand dollars. 
 
 After the granting of the charter and valu- 
 ation of the route, .ground was broken on 
 Seventh Street, in Camden, by Thomas 
 Jones Yorke, who threw the first spadeful of 
 earth, and the work of laying the rails began 
 at the north end in July, 1855, and the 
 section, between Camden and Woodbury, 
 was completed in August, 1856, and, April 
 15, 1857, regular trains for passengers and 
 traf&c began to run. 
 
 In 1862 it was finished to Bridgeton, and 
 from Glassboro' reaches Cape May by connec- 
 tions with the Millville and Glassboro' and 
 Cape May and Millville Railroads. The line 
 from Glassboro' to Millville was built under 
 a separate charter, and opened in April, I860. 
 In 1868 a consolidation took place, which is 
 thus described in the preamble to the act,-^ 
 
 " Whereas, the West Jersey Railroad connects di- 
 rectly with the Millville and Glassboro' Railroads, 
 and by means of the latter with the Cape May and 
 Millville Railroad, and also connected directly with 
 the Salem Railroad, forming altogether one entire 
 system of railroads, which can be operated with 
 greater economy under one management ; and 
 whereas the West Jersey Railroad Company and 
 the Millville and Glassboro' Railroad Company 
 have entered into an agreement, bearing date 
 of October 12, 1867, providing for a consoli- 
 dation of the two companies, so that all their cor- 
 porate powers and franchises shall be merged into, 
 and all their corporate property owned by, the 
 West Jersey Railroad Company ; therefore, be it 
 enacted, etc." 
 
 The company then leased the Salem Rail- 
 road, and has since added to its leased lines 
 the Swedesboro' Railroad, the Woodstown 
 and Swedesboro' Railroad and the West Jer- 
 sey and Atlantic Railroad, which latter ex- 
 
356 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 tends from Newfield to Atlantic City, was 
 opened in 1881 and includes the Somers 
 Point Branch. Besides its Brid^eton Branch, 
 the West Jersey owns branches to Ocean City, 
 Sea Isle City and Townsend's Inlet. It 
 owns one hundred and nineteen miles of road 
 and leases eighty-one. Its capital stock is 
 one million four hundred and eighty-four 
 thousand dollars and its funded debt two 
 million seven hundred and fifty-two thousand 
 dollars, of which two million dollars is in 
 bonds, guaranteed by the Camden and Amboy 
 Railroad Company, which furnished most 
 of the money for the construction of the 
 original line. The West Jersey was in- 
 cluded in the lease of the United Lines to the 
 Pennsylvania Railroad and has since been 
 operated by that corporation. The oiEcers of 
 the road are George B. Roberts, president; 
 William J. Sewell, vice-president ; William 
 Taylor, secretary and treasurer. The direct- 
 ors are George B. Roberts, Coleman F. 
 Leaming, Charles E. Elmer, John M. Moore, 
 Thomas H. Dudley, George Wood, J. N. 
 DuBarry, JST. Parker Shortridge, Edmund 
 Smith, Henry D. Welsh, Benjamin F. Lee, 
 James H. Nixon and William J. Sewell. 
 
 General William J. Sewell was 
 born in Ireland in 1835. Left an orphan 
 at an early age, he came to the United States 
 in 1851 to join his brother, Mr. Robert 
 Sewell, now a prominent lawyer in New 
 York, who had preceded him. He engaged 
 in business in New York City, and subse- 
 quently, entering the mercantile marine ser- 
 vice, visited all parts of the Eastern world, 
 and the west coast of North and South Amer- 
 ica, and became at an early age an officer of 
 one of the American clipper ship fleet of 
 those days. 
 
 On his return from one of his voyages he 
 visited Chicago, settled there and engaged in 
 mercantile business. On the breaking out 
 of the war he came to New Jersey, where he 
 was offered a commission as captain of the 
 Fifth New Jersey Volunteers, accepted the 
 
 same, and participated in all of the great bat- 
 tles of the Army of the Potomac. General 
 Sewell was twice wounded during the war, — 
 at Chancellorsville and at Gettysburg, — and 
 was promoted, step by step, until he reached 
 the colonelcy of his regiment. 
 
 He led the celebrated charge at Chancel- 
 lorsville of the Second New Jersey Brigade, 
 which he commanded, capturing nine stand 
 of colors from the enemy. At the close of 
 the war he was mustered out of service as a 
 brevet major-general, his brevet reading "for 
 distinguished gallantry on the field of Chan- 
 cellorsville." Returning home to New Jer- 
 sey, he took charge of the business of the 
 Camden and Amboy Railroad Company at 
 Camden, and was in a short time transferred 
 to the superintendency of the West Jersey 
 Railroad Company, from which he was pro- 
 moted to the office of vice-president of that 
 I'oad. He has also been appointed president 
 of the Long Beach Railroad Company, of 
 the Salem Railroad Company and the 
 Woodstown and Swedesboro' Railroad Com- 
 pany ; also vice-president of the West Jersey 
 and Atlantic and the Camden and Atlantic 
 Railroad Companies, and a director in several 
 other railroad companies. General Sewell 
 was the originator of one of the most flour- 
 ishing banking institutions of the State, that 
 of the Camden Safe Deposit and Trust Com- 
 pany. Early seeing the want of a savings 
 ban k for the accommodation of the mass of 
 the people, he obtained a charter from the 
 Legislature, and, with some friends, started 
 this bank, which has met a want long felt in 
 Camden, and the success of which has ex- 
 ceeded the anticipations of its promoters. He 
 is also director of the Camden Iron Works, 
 which he helped to start up after a long 
 period of idleness and depression. 
 
 The political career of General Sewell 
 shows the manner in which his business 
 qualifications, his uutiriug energy and fealty 
 to his party and the best interests of the 
 State are appreciated by the people of his 
 
PUBLIC INTEKNAL IMPEOVEMENTS. 
 
 367 
 
 home, and, in fact, of the whole State. He 
 was elected as State Senator from Camden 
 County in 1872, re-elected in 1875 and 
 again in 1878, and for three years was presi- 
 dent of the State Senate. He also represented 
 the party as delegate-at-large to the National 
 Eepublican Conventions of 1876, 1880 and 
 1884, on each of which occasions he was 
 complimented by being made chairman of 
 the State delegation. During his long service 
 in the Senate of New Jersey, General Sewell 
 took a leading part in all the important leg- 
 islation of that time, which included the 
 change in the State Constitution, the adoption 
 of general laws and the passage of the Gen- 
 eral Railroad Law. He was made United 
 States Senator in 1881, succeeding Mr. 
 Theodore F. Randolph, which position he 
 occupies at the present time. One of the 
 last acts of the late session of Congress was 
 a recognition by that body of General Sew- 
 ell's services in the field, by electing him one 
 of the managers of the National Home for 
 Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, as the successor 
 of General McClellan. 
 
 The Camden and Woodbtjky Rail- 
 road AND TkANSPOETATION COMPANY WaS 
 
 chartered on the 1st of March, 1836, with 
 an authorized capital of one hundred thou- 
 sand dollars, in shares of fifty dollars each. 
 It was authorized to build a road not exceed- 
 ing sixty-six feet in width from Camden to 
 Woodbury, a distance of eight miles. The 
 persons named as corporators were James 
 Matlack, Joseph Ogden, Robert L. Arm- 
 strong, Jesse Smith, Joseph Fithian, Joseph 
 Franklin, John M. Watson, Charles F. Clark, 
 Joseph Saunders, John C. Smallwood, Sam- 
 uel Webster and others. 
 
 The road was built and operated. A sup- 
 plement to the original act was passed in the 
 winter of 1837-38, authorizing branches to 
 be built to Gloucester Point Ferry, to 
 Kaighns Point Ferry and to Haddonfield, 
 but they were never constructed ; and March 
 1, 1839, a supplement also was passed, 
 42 
 
 authorizing the extension from the southern 
 end of the road to some point on Delaware 
 Bay between the mouth of Stow Creek and 
 the light-house on Cape May. Soon after 
 this time the road passed into the possession 
 of Henry R. Campbell, who associated with 
 him his brother, John D. Campbell, who 
 advertised April 1, 1840, that they were run- 
 ning steam-cars on the road. Benjamin 
 Wilkins was superintendent of the road. In 
 February, 1847, the Campbells petitioned the 
 Legislature for a charter for the " Camden 
 and Woodbury Railroad Company," to in- 
 clude all the rights and privileges of the 
 Camden and Woodbury Railroad and Trans- 
 portation Company, " now greatly dilapidat- 
 ed," and also asked authority to extend the road 
 from Woodbury to Carpenters Landing. 
 The petition was granted and an act was 
 passed February 24, 1847. The road was 
 repaired and partially reconstructed and run 
 for a time, but business was not sufficient to 
 sustain it and it was sold to Amos Campbell, 
 who replaced the steam-cars with horses 
 and operated it for a time, when it was aban- 
 doned and the tracks torn up. The line is 
 practically that of the present West Jersey 
 Railroad. 
 
 The Camden and Burlington Coun- 
 ty Railroad extends from Camden to 
 Pemberton, twenty-two and one-half miles, 
 and from Burlington to Mount Holly, seven 
 and one-quarter miles. It was leased to the 
 Camden and Amboy Railroad Company 
 June 1, 1868, and sub-leased in 1871 to the 
 Pennsylvania Railroad Company. It cost 
 to build seven hundred and thirty-one thou- 
 sand nine hundred and twenty-five dollars, 
 which is represented by three hundred and 
 eighty-one thousand nine hundred and twen- 
 ty-five dollars in capital stock and three hun- 
 dred and fifty thousand dollars in bonds. 
 This road embodies the franchises and work 
 of four companies which preceded it and 
 were finally merged with it. 
 
 The first of these was " The Mount Holly 
 
358 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 and Camden Railroad Company," which was 
 chartered March 4, 1836, and re-chartered 
 February 11, 1848, and subsequently united 
 with the Camden, Moorestown, Hainesport 
 and Mount Holly Horse-Car Railroad Com- 
 pany, which was chartered March 15, 1859, 
 and which, notwithstanding its title, had 
 authority to use steam, and was built as a 
 steam road. 
 
 The Burlington and Mount Holly Rail- 
 road and Transportation Company was char- 
 tered February 11, 1848, and by the act of 
 March 20, 1857, its name was changed to the 
 Burlington County Railroad Company. 
 
 On the 28th of July, 1854, the Camden 
 and Pemberton Agricultural Railroad Com- 
 pany was chartered, with authority to build 
 a railroad from some point in Camden 
 through Camden and Burlington Counties 
 to some point in the borough of Pemberton, 
 On the 1st of June following, the stockhold- 
 ers met at the hotel of James Elwell, in 
 Camden, to elect nine directors. lu the No- 
 vember following a route was surveyed from 
 Camden to Freehold and right of way ob- 
 tained. The route was through Mount Holly 
 and Moorestown, thence to Pemberton, where 
 it branched, — the north branch leading to 
 South Amboy and the south branch to Toms 
 River. This road was completed, and in 
 time merged with the others. 
 
 Finally, by an act passed February 6, 
 1866, the Burlington County and the Cam- 
 den, Moorestown, Hainesport and Mount 
 Holly Company were permitted to consoli- 
 date as the Camden and Burlington County 
 Railroad and to connect with the Camden 
 and Amboy outside of Camden. 
 
 The New Jersey Southern Railroad, 
 which extends from Port Monmouth to Atco, 
 Camden County, was chartei'ed March 3, 
 1854, as the Raritan and Delaware Bay 
 Railroad Company, and was finished in 1863. 
 In 1867 it fell into the hands of a receiver, 
 was sold September 19, 1869, and reorgan- 
 ized under its present name. March 31, 
 
 1879, it was again sold under a second fore- 
 closure, the first mortgage bondholders buy- 
 ing it for seven hundred and fifty-two thou- 
 sand dollars. It was then leased to the Cen- 
 tral Railroad of New Jersey, and thus passed 
 to the control of the Philadelphia and Read 
 ing Company, which guaranteed the interest 
 on the bonds. The capital stock is one mil- 
 lion five hundred and ninety thousand six 
 hundred dollars, and its bonded debt one 
 million seven hundred and ninety thousand 
 six hundred dollars. 
 
 The Williamstown Railroad is a branch of 
 the New Jersey Southern, and extends from 
 Atco to Williamstown. 
 
 The Camden and Haddonfield Pas- 
 senger Railroad Company was chartered 
 March 4, 1859, with an authorized capital of 
 fifty thousand dollars, twenty-five dollars per 
 share. As projected, the line was to begin 
 at the foot of Market Street, pass through 
 Market and Federal Streets and near the 
 Haddonfield turnpike to the village of Had- 
 donfield, but it was not built. 
 
 The Camden, Gloucester and Mount 
 Ephraim Railroad was built, in 1875, 
 from Camden to Gloucester, by an incorpo- 
 rated company, but was, in fact, the individ- 
 ual enterprise of David S. Brown, who 
 bought the great majority of the stock and 
 furnished most of the money for its construc- 
 tion, in order that he might have steam trans- 
 portation between his extensive cotton mills 
 and bleacheries at Gloucester, and the railroad 
 and ferry facilities at Camden and Philadel- 
 phia. In 1878 it was extended to Mount 
 Ephraim, but worked only as a local road. It 
 was built as a narrow gauge, the width be- 
 tween rails being but two and a half feet, 
 the narrowest at that time of all the roads 
 in the eastern part of the United States. In 
 1884 it was bought by the Philadelphia and 
 Reading Railroad Company as the South Cam- 
 den lin k to the system wh ich it was endeavoring 
 to perfect in South Jersey through the Phila- 
 del pliia and Atlantic City , the Jersey Southern 
 
PUBLIC INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. 
 
 359 
 
 and the Vineland Railroads. This purchase 
 necessitated a change to the standard gauge, 
 and in May, 1 885, the aheratiou was made, 
 and a connection with the Philadelphia and 
 Atlantic City Road accordingly established. 
 James P. Michelon has been president since 
 1879, W. Bertolet is secretary, and the other 
 officials ai-e those of the Philadelphia and 
 Reading Company. 
 
 The Philadelphia a^d Atlantic 
 City Railway Compajsty was chartered 
 March 24, 1876, and on July 1, 1877, the 
 first train was run through from Camden to 
 Atlantic City, which by this line is a distance 
 of fifty-four and a half miles. It passed into 
 the hands of a receiver, and on September 
 20, 1883, the road was sold under foreclosure 
 and reorganized with the word " railway " 
 in its title changed to " railroad." The 
 authorized capital stock of the new company 
 is one million two hundred thousand dollars. 
 It was originally constructed as a narrow- 
 gauge road, which, after the company's re- 
 organization, was changed to. the standard 
 gauge. It has been associated with the 
 Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Com- 
 pany, whose officers control it through the 
 ownership of a majority of its stock. The 
 road is now well patronized and is in ex- 
 cellent condition. 
 
 The Philadelphia, Marlton and 
 Medfoed Railroad Company was organ- 
 nized January 7, 1880, for the purpose of 
 building a railroad between the city of 
 Philadelphia and Medford, by way of Had- 
 donfield and Marlton, a distance of about 
 eighteen miles. Previous to this undertaking 
 a line had been built between Medford and 
 Mount Holly, but did not accommodate those 
 wishing to go to Philadelphia, and a line of 
 railroad was contemplated between Keyport, 
 on Raritan Bay, in Monrnouth County, and 
 Philadelphia, partly graded and then aban- 
 doned. This was intended to pass through 
 Medford, Marlton and Ellisburg to Kaighns 
 Point, Camden. 
 
 In view of these failures, a few gentlemen 
 about Medford and Marlton solicited the 
 directors of the Camden and Atlantic Rail- 
 road to assist in building a line of railroad 
 from their road at Haddonfield to Medford ; 
 and after the route had been adopted and 
 the approximate cost ascertained, they con- 
 sented to do so, and the work was commenced 
 the same year (1880). The first board of 
 officers were, — President, Charles D. Free- 
 man ; Secretiiry and Treasurer, Daniel M. 
 Zimmerman ; Directors, Charles D. Fi'ee- 
 man, Benjamin Cooper, George T. Da Costa, 
 Elijah B. Woolston, John Lucas, Henry W. 
 Wills, Samuel C. Cooper, El wood Evans, 
 William C. Houston, Joseph Evans, Enoch 
 A. Doughty and Edmund E. Read. 
 
 J. Lewis Rowand was appointed chief 
 engineer, and the line first run by him was, 
 after considerable discussion, adopted and the 
 road built thereon, and with the ordinary 
 hinderances, the work progressed and was 
 finished in 1881, and ready for use. This 
 road opened one of the best agricultural dis- 
 tricts in the State, and was at once patronized 
 by the people of the towns along and near the 
 route and the thrifty farmers in that region, 
 they well understanding the difference be- 
 tween the speed and comforts of transporta- 
 tion on a railroad and that of bad highways 
 and jaded teams for such long distances. 
 
 The connection made at Medford with the 
 Mount Holly Branch completes the line be- 
 tween Philadelphia and that point, with con- 
 tinuous lines to various important connections 
 in other places. The Camden and Atlantic 
 Railroad having come under the government 
 of the Pennsylvania Railroad system, this road 
 is now likewise controlled. Its officers are : 
 
 William L. Elkins, president ; D. M. Zimmer- 
 man, secretary ; and William Taylor, treasurer. 
 Directors: William L. Elkins, Daniel M.Zimmer- 
 man, Edmund E. Read, William 0. Houston, Ben- 
 jamin Cooper, Ellwood EYans, Elijah B. Woolston, 
 Joseph Evans, Joshua S. Wills, Crawford Miller, 
 Charles J. Walton, Sr., Job Braddock, David D. 
 Griscom. 
 
360 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 CHAPTER XIX. 
 
 navigation and ship-building. 
 
 Navigation on the Delaware. — 
 In 1786 Camden was not much more than 
 a scatterhig of ferrymen's houses on the shore, 
 and farm mansions a little farther back ; but 
 such members of its scanty population as 
 were on the river-front on the 20th of July 
 of that year joined with the spectators from 
 the Philadelphia side in witnessing the first 
 attempt made anywhere in the world, there 
 is reason to believe, to propel a boat by means 
 of a steam-engine. The inventor and exper- 
 imenter was John Fitch, born in Connecticut 
 in January, 1743, a clock-maker by trade, 
 who, after failing as a potash manufacturer, 
 armorer to the State of New Jersey, sutler 
 in V7ashington's army, land speculator in 
 Kentucky and surveyor in Pennsylvania, 
 conceived the notion of driving a wagon on 
 land or a boat on the water by steam, although 
 at that time, April, 1785, he knew nothing 
 of the invention of the steam-engine, but 
 had noticed the expansive power of steam. 
 He was then living in Bucks County, Pa., 
 and made a model with brass machinery, 
 which worked so well when he tried it on a 
 small stream on Joseph Longstreth's farm, in 
 Southampton township, that in August he 
 brought it to Philadelphia, where ex-Con- 
 gressman William C. Houston, of New Jer- 
 sey, and Provost John Ewing, of the Uni- 
 versity of Pennsylvania, saw it and were 
 convinced of its practicability. Fitch sought 
 encouragement from Congress and from the 
 Legislatures of New Jersey, Pennsylvania 
 and Maryland, all of which refused him 
 any money ; but New Jersey generously 
 granted him for fourteen years the exclusive 
 right of making and using every kind of 
 boat or water-craft which might be urged or 
 propelled by the force of fire or steam in the 
 waters of the State. 
 
 However, he persuaded twenty men. 
 
 among whonr was Richard Stockton, to take 
 a share each in a stock company which he 
 formed, each subscriber paying about twenty 
 dollars down, and with this fund he started 
 to build a steam-boat, having first engaged as 
 assistant machinist Henry Voight, a Phila- 
 delphia clock-maker, who was willing to ac- 
 cept stock in payment of his services. At 
 their second attempt they turned out an en- 
 gine with a cylinder three inches in diameter, 
 and placing it in a small skiff, they went 
 out on July 20, 1786, to navigate the Dela- 
 ware. 
 
 0-A\ 
 
 
 fitch's first steamboat. 
 
 The diminutive craft was tried with pad- 
 dles fitted on an endless chain, with what 
 Fitch called in his journal " a screw of pad- 
 dles," with a screw propeller and with side- 
 wheels turned by the chain, but it would not 
 respond to any of these devices satisfactorily, 
 and this experiment was a failure. That 
 night he thought of substituting a crank for 
 the chain movement applied to the oars or 
 paddles. On July 27th the skiff was moved 
 with this mechanism, and Fitch's financial 
 backers were sufficiently assured of the suc- 
 cess of his invention, that during the winter 
 of 1786-87 they provided him with the 
 means for building an engine with a twelve- 
 inch cylinder and a boat forty-five feet long 
 and twelve feet beam. August 22, 1787, 
 saw the fruition of his labors, for then the 
 boat steamed along the river-front in the 
 presence of many members of the convention 
 which framed the Federal Constitution, and 
 within a short time Governor Randolph, 
 
NAVIGATION AND SHIP-BUILDING. 
 
 361 
 
 David Eittenhouse, Dr. John Ewing and 
 Andrew Ellicott attested over their signa- 
 tures his success, Eittenhouse writing that 
 he had been " on board when the boat was 
 worked against both wind and tide, with 
 considerable velocity, by the force of steam 
 only." 
 
 Fitch had to defend his rights against the 
 claims of James Rumsey, of Virginia, to 
 priority of invention of the steamboat, but 
 on April 23, 1791, he was granted his patent. 
 Meanwhile he fixed his old machinery in a 
 boat eight feet beam and sixty feet long, and 
 changed his paddles from the sides to the 
 stern of the boat, and in July, 1798, set out 
 for Burlington. After making that port the 
 boiler leaked so that no steam could be raised, 
 and the boat was suffered to drift back with 
 the tide. On October 12th the boat ran to 
 Burlington, twenty-three miles distant, in 
 three hours and ten minutes, with thirty pas- 
 sengers and against a tide setting two miles 
 an hour. In March, 1789, Fitch built an 
 
 fitch's second steamboat, 
 
 engine with an eighteen-inch cylinder, and 
 with a new boat the run to Trenton was 
 made at a speed of eight miles an hour on 
 May 11, 1790. On June 14th the "steam- 
 boat" was advertised as "ready to take pas- 
 sengers from Arch Street ferry every Monday, 
 Wednesday and Friday for Burlington, 
 Bristol, Bordentown and Trenton, to return 
 on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays. 
 
 Price for passage, 2s. 6rf., to Burlington and 
 Bristol ; 3s. 9d. to Bordentown ; 5s. to Tren- 
 ton." Trips were also made across to Cam- 
 den during the summer, and to the Schuyl- 
 kill, Chester and Wilmington. A still larger 
 boat, to be called the "Perseverance," was 
 planned, but was destroyed by a storm before 
 completion, and Fitch, becoming involved in 
 pecuniary troubles, left this neighborhood, 
 going to Kentucky, where he had purchased 
 lands. His death occurred at Bardstown, 
 Ky., July 2, 1798. 
 
 The next steamer was seen on the Dela- 
 ware in the summer of 1797. The engine 
 was built near Bordentown by Sam. Morey, 
 of Connecticut, and the boat had paddle- 
 wheels at the sides. In 1804 Oliver Evans, 
 the Philadelphia inventor, constructed a ma- 
 chine for cleaning docks at his shops in that 
 city, placed it upon wheels connected with 
 the engine, propelled it to the Schuylkill, 
 there attached a stern-wheel, launched it and 
 steamed around to the Delaware and up to 
 Beverly, returning to the city the next day. 
 In 1807 Robert L. Stevens brought around 
 by sea the steamboat " Phoenix," which had 
 been built at Hoboken by John C. Stevens, 
 and in 1809 this boat was making regular 
 trips to Bordentown, in charge of Captain 
 Moses Rodgers. New York passengers were 
 taken by stage from Bordentown to Washing- 
 ton, N. J., and thence to New York by boat. 
 A steamboat called the " New Jersey" was 
 placed on the river during the summer of 
 1812, making regular trips to Whitehill, the 
 landing next below Bordentown. The 
 "Eagle," built at Kensington by Moses 
 Rodgers, began running to Burlington in 
 June, 1813, and from thence onward the fleet 
 increased, the business of most of the vessels 
 being, besides accommodating the local 
 travel, to connect with the stage-lines across 
 New Jersey and with the railroads when they 
 superseded the older method of land travel. 
 Passengers from Camden crossed the river by 
 the ferries to reach the steamers, as they have 
 
362 
 
 HISTOEY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 to do at present, no lines ever having been 
 established from Camden. 
 
 Ferries on the Delaware. — Rapid 
 settling upon either bank of a great tidal 
 river and upon the shores of its numerous 
 navigable affluents, and prompted by busi- 
 ness and social intercourse to frequent com- 
 munication, public ferries became a necessity 
 to the Swedish and English colonists as soon 
 as they produced anything for barter or sale. 
 The people of each nationality included men 
 who, coming from the seaports of the old 
 countries, were skilled in the construction 
 and handling of small boats, and none gifted 
 with the slightest prescience could liave failed 
 to foresee that in supplying the popular want 
 of transportation across the streams there was 
 to be a lucrative business done. It is likely 
 enough that before the advent of the Friends, 
 the Swedes had some system of ferriage be- 
 tween their settlements in West Jersey and 
 those on the other side of the Delaware, but 
 there is nothing in any of the records to show 
 for it or to give names and locations. But 
 when the English Friends, with their clearer 
 ideas of accommodating trade and travel, and 
 their habit of placing public enterprises un- 
 der the sanction of the law, took possession 
 of the land, they recognized the occupation 
 of the ferryman as one to be encouraged and 
 regulated, and the requisite facilities for its 
 conduct were soon provided. 
 
 It has been taken for granted by certain 
 historians of the locality that anterior to 1687 
 there was no ferry on the Delaware below 
 that by which the first road between New 
 York and Philadelphia crossed the river at 
 the falls ; but in Clement's " First Settlers in 
 Newton Township " there is specific mention 
 made of a ferry previously in existence, be- 
 tween the Indian settlements on the opposite 
 side of the river which was continued by 
 the early English settlers of West Jersey, 
 and lends force to the theory that one of 
 their primary undertakings was to provide 
 transit between the eastern and western 
 
 shores. This ferry ran between Shack- 
 amaxon, the place of Penn's treaty, and 
 the present Coopers Point, on the property 
 conveyed to William Cooper, the survey of 
 which is dated June 12, 1682. The latter 
 named this estate Pyne Point, because of 
 the heavy growth of the conifer-bearing trees 
 upon it ; and it is one of the curious coinci- 
 dences with which history is so plentifully 
 pointed that this ancient ferry had its eastern 
 terminus upon the land of the founder in 
 America of the family which, in succeeding 
 generations, so deeply engaged in the business 
 of transportation across the Delaware. The 
 origin of this ferry is not known, but as in 
 1682 a business meeting of Friends was held 
 alternately at Thomas Fairman's house, on the 
 Philadelphia side, and William Cooper's, on 
 the Jersey shore, it is a sound conclusion that 
 some occasional means of conveyance across the 
 river had already been furnished. It is equal- 
 ly probable that Cooper had some supervi- 
 sion of this ferry, and that it bore some rela- 
 tion to the controversy between William Roy- 
 don and himself concerning the boundaries of 
 their lands. Before the Pyne Point prop- 
 erty of William Cooper was surveyed, Roy- 
 don had made a survey lower down the river, 
 with which the Cooper tract was found to 
 interfere, and the dispute was not quieted 
 until the second William Cooper, grandson of 
 the first settler, purchased the larger part of 
 the Roydon survey, in 1723. Roydon how- 
 ever appears to have been the first to estab- 
 lish a constant means of communication and 
 in 1687 to have obtain a legalized monopoly 
 of Delaware ferriage by himself, by the fol- 
 lowing proceedings : 
 
 " Whereas, At a court held at Gloucester upon ye 
 first day of ye first month in ye year 1688, it was 
 presented to ye bench that a constant and com- 
 mon ferry was very usefull and much wanted from 
 Jersey to Philadelphia, and also that William 
 Eoydon's house was judged a place convenient, 
 and ye said William Roydon a person suitable for 
 that employ ; and therefore an order from ye court 
 was then granted for ye establishment and fixing 
 
NAVIGATION AND SHIP-BUILDING. 
 
 363 
 
 of ye same. Whereto ye bench did then and there 
 assent, and refferred to ye Grand Jury ye methodiz- 
 ing of ye same and to fix ye rates thereof, which 
 was by them agreed and concluded upon as here- 
 under follows : 
 
 " ' Therefore we permit and appoint that a com- 
 mon passage or ferry for man and beast be pro- 
 vided, fixed and settled in some convenient and 
 proper place between ye mouths or entrances of 
 Coopers Creek and Newton Creek, and that ye 
 government, managing and keeping of ye same be 
 committed to ye said William Roydon and his 
 assigns, who are hereby empowered and appointed 
 to establish, fix and settle ye same within ye lim- 
 its aforesaid, wherein all other persons are desired 
 and requested to keep no other common or public 
 passage or ferry. 
 
 " ' And ye said William Roydon shall prepare 
 and provide good and suflBcient boats, with other 
 conveniences suitable to ye said employ, to be in 
 readiness at all times to accommodate people's 
 actions, and shall take no more than six pence per 
 head for such persons as shall be by him ferried 
 over ye River and not more than twelve pence for 
 man and horse or other beast, and so not exceed- 
 ing twelve pence per head for any sort of beast 
 so ferried over, as above said ; except swine, calves 
 and sheep, which shall pay only six pence per head 
 and no more.' " 
 
 These proceedings are signed by Francis 
 Collins, Andrew Robeson, John Wood, 
 Christopher Watkins and Samuel Spicer, 
 and on the 24th of April, 1689, the order 
 was " entered, examined and recorded " by 
 John Reading, recorder. 
 
 Roydon's ferry ran from Camden to Phil- 
 adelphia, and there was a wide margin al- 
 lowed as to its terminal points on either side 
 of the river. He does not appear to have 
 made a success of it, and in a few years sold 
 it to the first William Cooper, who gave it in 
 1695 to his son Daniel, who the same year, 
 obtained license from the Gloucester County 
 Court " for keeping a ferry over the river to 
 Philadelphia at the prices following : 
 
 "For a man and horse, one shilling and six 
 pence ; for a single horse or cow, one shilling and 
 three pence ; for a single man, ten pence ; and 
 when ten or more, six pence per head ; and six 
 pence per head for sheeps, calfs or hoggs." 
 
 When Daniel Cooper died, in 1715, the ap- 
 
 praisement of his personal property included 
 two ferry-boats, showing that he resided at 
 the ferry and was its proprietor at the time 
 of his death. In 1730 his son, the second 
 William, petitioned Governor John Mont- 
 gomerie for a license to keep a ferry " where 
 one had been kept for more than forty 
 years," which license was granted " with the 
 exclusive right of ferry for two miles above 
 and two miles below, so long as he accommo- 
 dated the people, upon the payment of one 
 shilling yearly on the feast day of St. Mich- 
 ael the Archangel." This charter not only 
 covered the middle ferry and the Coopers 
 Point privileges, but it also extended below 
 Kaighns Point, and as the first William 
 Cooper had forty-five years before bought 
 the Roydon ferry, the probability is that the 
 Coopers in 1730 owned all the ferry rights 
 except that of John Reading, who, on June 
 1, 1695, had been empowered by the court 
 " to keep a ferry over Gloucester River (Tim- 
 ber Creek), and from Gloucester to Wickaco : 
 for a single man and horse two shillings and 
 six pence ; and four shillings per head for 
 more than one horse and cow ; and one shil- 
 ling and six pence for a single man ; and one 
 shilling per head when more than one from 
 Gloucester to Wickaco ; and five pence per 
 head for horses, cows, &c.; and two pence per 
 head for man without horses or cattell over 
 Gloucester River." Thus Reading had come 
 into possession of a ferry between Gloucester 
 Point and the former Swanson lands at the 
 lower end of Philadelphia, while the Coopers 
 owned and ran the ferries higher up the 
 stream. As roads were straightened and im- 
 proved, bridges built and the country more 
 thickly settled, Cooper's ferries had the pref- 
 erence with travelers, since the distance across 
 the river was much shortened, with less 
 risk and much greater speed. The later his- 
 tory of the Gloucester ferries will be found 
 farther on in this chapter. "The amount 
 of business done at these ferries may be 
 inferred from the number of inhabitants in 
 
364 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 this region in those days. The census of 
 Gloucester County taken in 1737 shows a 
 population of three thousand two hundred 
 and sixty-seven, including one hundred and 
 twenty-two slaves. A large proportion of 
 these lived near some navigable stream, de- 
 pending upon boats as a means of travel, 
 and in going to Philadelphia they would use 
 their own transportation and not cross either 
 at Gloucester or Coopers ferry. Also it has 
 been seen that in 1715 Daniel Cooper had 
 but two ferry-boats, no doubt of ordinary 
 size and without capacity for carrying many 
 people, which kind of evidence goes very far 
 to prove that the means, though scanty, were 
 sufficient for the wants of the public." 
 
 New Jersey and Pennsylvania legislation 
 regarding the ferries between the two prov- 
 inces was not always cotemporaneous, but in 
 the main the acts of each -yvere in harmony. 
 In 1 700 Pennsylvania ordered that no ferry- 
 man be permitted to ply the river Delaware 
 " in this government " without first giving 
 bond that " they shall not carry out of or 
 into this province any strangers that may be 
 suspected of piracy or being criminals or run- 
 aways." In 1718 the second William 
 Cooper obtained from the Pennsylvania As- 
 sembly a confirmation of the franchises which 
 he enjoyed in New Jersey, the Assembly, on 
 February 22d of that year, passing an act for 
 " erecting a ferry at or near the land of Dan- 
 iel Cooper, deceased," and also " to Glouces- 
 ter in the Western division, N. J." On 
 August 18, 1727, another act was passed 
 " for establishing a ferry from the city of 
 Philadelphia to the landing at or near the 
 house of William Cooper, and another from 
 or near the city bounds to Gloucester, in 
 New Jersey." 
 
 The landings on the Philadelphia side are 
 said to have been at Market (then High) Street 
 and below it, except the one known as the 
 "Old Ferry," which was between Market 
 and Arch Streets. The Pennsylvania act of 
 1727 conferred the ferry jurisdiction upon 
 
 the Common Council of Philadelphia, which 
 it exercised by appointing Sylvanus Smout 
 as ferryman, with a lease of one year, termin- 
 ating in September, 1728. Smout worked 
 in conjunction with the Coopers, and in 1735 
 the Penns confirmed the right of the muni- 
 cipal corporation to make grants of ferry 
 privileges from Cohocksink Creek to beyond 
 the south bounds of the city. After Smout, 
 William Eawle, brother-in-law of William 
 Cooper, was appointed ferryman on the 
 Pennsylvania side, with a seven years' lease, 
 for which he paid thirty pounds per annum. 
 He died before February 24, 1748, as on 
 that date Cooper, who was one of his execu- 
 tors, applied for a new lease in his own name, 
 to run until Francis Rawle, son of William, 
 should attain his majority and be able to un- 
 dertake the business for himself. The 
 younger Rawle got the lease for himself in 
 1755, and as he was also dead at its expira- 
 tion, in 1763, it was awarded to his widow, 
 Rebecca Rawle, and his executors paid the 
 rental up to March, 1769. 
 
 William Cooper, son of Daniel and grand- 
 son of William, in 1 723 came into posses- 
 sion of all the Roydon lands, and in 1744 
 conveyed to his son Daniel one hundred acres 
 of land, including the site of the Federal 
 Street ferry. The site of the old ferry was 
 a little south of the foot of Cooper Street, 
 and was probably abandoned about 1755 or 
 1760, as it was not mentioned even in the 
 deed from William Cooper to his son Jacob 
 in 1764, which conveyed to him the property 
 on the river between a point a short distance 
 north of Cooper Street, south to near Arch 
 Street. The history of the ferries will be 
 given under their different names. 
 
 The primitive boats of the settlers were 
 small skiffs, but as the demands of transpor- 
 tation increased, they were succeeded by the 
 wherries. These were capital craft and most 
 admirably adapted to their work. They 
 were from twenty- five to forty feet long, with 
 a beam of one-third their length, were clink- 
 
NAVIGATION AND SHIP-BUILDING. 
 
 365 
 
 er-built, and their long, sharp prows were 
 shod with iron, which protected them from 
 being cut through when they were driven 
 against the floating ice in the winter passages. 
 If the river was hard frozen, they were placed 
 upon runners and dragged across by hand. 
 Women and children were then allowed to 
 remain in the boats, but the able-bodied 
 men were expected to work their passage at 
 the ropes. For the ferriage of horses, cattle, 
 vehicles, etc., there were the " horse-boats," 
 huge, flat-bottomed scows, propelled by enor- 
 mous sweeps, that under opposing conditions 
 of tides might take an hour to make the 
 crossing. The immediate forerunner of 
 steam was the marvelous construction known 
 as a " team-boat," which had wheels upon 
 its sides, the motive-power of which was 
 furnished by horses working on some boats 
 in the fashion of a treadmill and on another 
 pattern traveling in a circle at the ends of 
 horizontal arms which had a cogged gearing 
 to the shaft. Eight, nine or ten horses were 
 employed in a boat of this class, which was 
 a vast improvement upon manual labor at the 
 oars and no mean approximation to steam- 
 power. The year was divided by the ferry- 
 man into summer and winter seasons, one 
 extending from March to December, and the 
 other from December to March. After the 
 Revolutionary War the business became sys- 
 tematized and by general consent the ferry- 
 men established a uniform scale of summer 
 prices — For each passenger, twelve and a half 
 cents ; for wagon and horses, one dollar and 
 a half; for man and horse, fifty cents, and for 
 cattle per head, fifty cents. In the winter 
 this tariif was doubled, and the senior ferry- 
 master decided when the advance was to be 
 made. He gave the signal for the double 
 tolls by ordering the horse-boats from their 
 anchorage in the river to the wharves. Dr. 
 Fisler gives these names of .some of the team- 
 boats : The " Eidgway," built by Benjamin 
 Reeves, which ran from the foot of Cooper 
 Street; the "Washington," which plied be- 
 43 
 
 tween Market Street, Camden, and Market 
 Street, Philadelphia; the " Phcenix," 
 " Moses Lancaster," " Constitution " and 
 " Independence." 
 
 Steam was first used in 1810, but to a lim- 
 ited extent, and often a return was made to 
 the team-boats. The first steam ferry-boat 
 was built in 1810 by James Bispham and was 
 commanded by Captain Ziba Kellum, and 
 ran from Camden to Market Street. It is 
 an unsettled question whether this boat ran 
 from Kaighns Point or Cooper Street ferry. 
 Shortly after James Springer built one. In 
 1813 William Cooper built the "Rebecca" 
 It was not until the ferry companies were or- 
 ganized that ferry-boats were fitted for run- 
 ning through ice and making regular trips 
 in the winter. 
 
 Messrs. Toy and Reeves, of Federal Street 
 Ferry, in 1835, at the request of many citi- 
 zens, tried the experiment of running a 
 night boat, but were obliged to abandon the 
 enterprise for want of support. The ferry 
 companies being better able to sustain loss 
 than individuals, later began night trips and 
 continued them. The Camden and Philadel- 
 phia Ferry Company put on the first night 
 boat July 4, 1842; the last boat left Camden 
 at nine o'clock and Philadelphia at half-past 
 nine P.M. 
 
 The steam ferry-boat " State Rights," 
 built in 1835, was the first boat furnished 
 with cabins. The necessity of life-saving 
 appliances was not apparent until the disas- 
 ter occurred to the ferry-boat " New Jersey," 
 March 15, 1855. From that time, ferry-boats 
 were fitted with life-preservers, cork cushions 
 and other appliances not only for saving life 
 but for extinguishing fire. 
 
 In 1828 there were twelve steam ferry- 
 boats in service between Philadelphia and 
 Camden, among them being the " William 
 Wray," the " Philadelphia " and the " Min- 
 ette," alias the " Dandy," which took passen- 
 gers to and from Joseph Laterno's Vauxhall 
 Garden, Market and Fourth Streets, Cam- 
 
366 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEESEY. 
 
 den. In 1843 there were fourteen steamboats, 
 costing seventy thousand dollars, — two from 
 Coopers Point to Arch Street and Kensing- 
 ton (or Shackamaxon), two from English's 
 (Cooper Street) to Arch Street, three from 
 lower side of Market Street (one of 
 which connected with Callowhill), two 
 from Cake's (upper side of Market 
 Street), two from Ellwell's (Federal Street) to 
 foot of Walnut Street, two from Kaighns 
 Point t» foot of South Street and one be- 
 tween Gloucester and Greenwich. 
 
 Coopers Point Ferry, now the Cam- 
 den and Atlantic Ferry, is the oldest in the 
 county to continue. The Point was the prop- 
 erty of William Cooper, who settled upon it 
 in 1680, and doubtless operated a ferry dur- . 
 ing the summer of 1682, when the Friends 
 were holding a six weelis' business meeting 
 at Shackamaxon and his place. The precise 
 time the ferry was regularly established is 
 not known, but that it was in operation be- 
 fore 1708 is ascertained from the deed of 
 William Cooper to his son Joseph, dated 
 February 18th, in that year, to whom he 
 conveys two hundred and twelve acres, in- 
 cluding the ferry at Coopers Point. Joseph 
 Cooper conveyed one hundred and twenty- 
 two acres of the tract of two hundred 
 and twelve to his son Benjamin, including 
 the ferry, May 2, 1728, who operated it 
 until July 1, 1762, when he conveyed it 
 to his son Samuel, who soon after built 
 the ferry-house now standing and used in 
 part as the office of the Camden and Atlan- 
 tic Railroad Company. The ferry was con- 
 ducted by him many years. About 1800 it 
 passed to his son William, who conducted 
 it until his death, in 1849. William Cooper 
 had, in 1813, built the steam ferry-boat 
 " Rebecca " (named after his wife), it being 
 the first steamboat used at that ferry and 
 the third on the river. The " Rebecca " 
 also became known as the " Aunt Becky." 
 A peculiarity of this steamer was the boiler, 
 the shell of which was of wood clamped 
 
 with iron bands. Her single wheel was at 
 her stern, and being the first vessel of the 
 kind on the stream she got a second nick- 
 name — -" The Wheelbarrow." She was com- 
 manded by Captain Lannery and Captain 
 Fred. Roth. She was succeeded by the 
 "Citizen," "The Old Coopers Point," and 
 the "Kensington," which ran to Poplar 
 Street. In 1855 the " Leo" was put on and 
 ran to Vine Street ; " Tallacca ; " " Arasapha," 
 built in 1861 and which was the first iron 
 ferry-boat with beam engine on the Dela- 
 ware; "Old Atlantic," in 1865; and "Coopers 
 Point," in 1879. 
 
 In 1849, the Coopers Point Ferry passed 
 to Joseph W. Cooper, son of William, 
 who ran it until 1854, when he sold it to the 
 Camden and Atlantic Railroad Company, 
 who owned it one year, when it again came 
 into the possession of Joseph W. Cooper, who 
 formed a company and applied to the Legis- 
 lature for a charter for The Coopers Point 
 and Philadelphia Ferry Company, which 
 was granted and approved February 20, 
 1856. The corporators named in the act 
 were Joseph AV. Cooper, Samuel R. Lippin- 
 cott, John C. Dacosta, Joseph Ellis, Walter 
 D. Bell, Isaac H. Wood, Benjamin W. 
 Cooper, who were also named as directors. 
 
 The company operated the ferry from that 
 time until January 24, 1872, when the Cam- 
 den and Atlantic Railroad Company pur- 
 chased the property and have since operated 
 it in connection with their railroad. They 
 have at present three boats, — the " New At- 
 lantic," " Arasapha," and " Coopers Point " 
 — that run to Vine Street, Philadelphia. 
 
 Samuel C. Cooper served as manager for 
 the ferry company for ten years preceding 
 its sale to the railroad company. 
 
 The Kensington and New Jersey Ferry 
 Company, incorporated about fifteen years 
 ago, extends from Coopers Point to Ken- 
 sington (Shackamaxon Street, Philadelphia). 
 This ferry is now under the control of the 
 Camden and Atlantic Railroad Company, 
 
NAVIGATION AND SHIP-BUILDING. 
 
 367 
 
 and ou it the steamboat " Shackamaxon " is 
 run. 
 
 The Federal Street Ferry. — The 
 site of the Federal Street Ferry was granted, 
 with one hundred acres of land, to Daniel 
 Cooper in 1744, who, a few years later, doubt- 
 less established a ferry at that place. In 
 1764 he erected a mansion known after- 
 wards as Parson's Hotel, and inserted a slab 
 with the letters "D. M. C, 1764," which 
 were for Daniel and ]Mary (West) Cooper. 
 Joshua Cooper, son of Daniel, took charge of 
 the ferry and conducted it until 1803. It 
 was left to him by will from his father, 
 dated in 1768, although he did not possess 
 the property until several years later. In 
 1796 it was connected with the main roads 
 from Burlington by a road along the river, 
 intersecting the Cooper Street Ferry, then 
 owned by Daniel Cooper, his nephew. Joshua 
 Cooper, in 1803, leased the Federal Street 
 Ferry to Richard Thorne for a term of eight 
 years. Its ownership passed from Joshua 
 Cooper to his brother James, who, before 
 1820, sold it to John Wessels, who also in 
 that year kept a store at the foot of the street 
 west of the Ferry House, and who ran the 
 ferry many years, and at his death, in 1830, 
 left it to his son, Samuel D., who, in 1832, 
 sold it to Jacob Ridgway. Boats ran to Arch 
 Street and to Market Street, Philadelphia. 
 At the former point Eidgway owned the 
 Arch Street House, and at Market Street he 
 removed the old ferry hotel and built the 
 Ridgway House in 1837. The ferry prop- 
 erty in Camden embraced all the land, with 
 the improvements thereon, between Arch and 
 Federal, west of Second Street, with much 
 ground south of Federal, pleasure gardens 
 taking up much of the latter. Ridgway en- 
 larged the Ferry House by building a wing on 
 Federal Street, built a row of frame houses on 
 Arch Street, and made many other improve- 
 ments, all of which, together with two hotels 
 in Philadelphia, he sold in 1838 to the Cam- 
 den and Philadelphia Steamboat Ferry Co. 
 
 In December, 1786, Joseph Wright, of 
 Philadelphia, established the " Lower Ferry," 
 which also landed at Federal Street, starting 
 on the western side from Robert Wain's 
 wharf, below the drawbridge. It touched at 
 Windmill Island, where Wright erected a 
 half-way house and announced that " passen- 
 gers would always meet with hearty welcome 
 and a hospitable fire in tlie cold season to 
 warm and refresh themselves while waiting 
 for an opportunity of evading those large 
 fields of ice which generally float up and 
 down with the tide and obstruct the passage 
 during winter." 
 
 Wright's enterprise of the half-way house 
 was the seed of an ambitious project 
 that sprouted in the minds of some citizens 
 of Camden, the most prominent of whom 
 was Edward Sharp. They conceived, about 
 the year 1818, the notion of building a bridge 
 between Camden and Windmill Island, 
 from which access to Ph iladelphia by a short 
 ferry would be easy. A bridge company 
 was incorporated by the New Jersey Legis- 
 ture, and in order to accommodate the 
 expected travel. Sharp laid out Bridge Ave- 
 nue in Camden, in 1820, but the scheme fell 
 dead because of the lack of investors in the 
 stock of the company. 
 
 Under the Wessel ownership of this ferry, 
 Joseph Wilds and Benjamin Reeves were 
 ferry-masters. From 1825 to 1835 Reeves 
 and Isaiah Toy were partners, the former 
 keeping the ferry-house at the foot of Market 
 Street, Philadelphia, and the latter the ferry- 
 house at the foot of Federal Street, in Cam- 
 den. Following Toy was John Kinsell, and 
 with him ends the list of private managers. 
 
 Neither Joshua Cooper of 1769, Richard 
 Thorneof 1811,noreveu John Kinsell of 1840 
 would know the Federal Street Ferry were 
 they now living to take a survey of it. As 
 late as 1850 the ferry slips were as far east 
 as Delaware Street, and the process of filling 
 up and moving the landing westward had 
 been going on for more than half a century. 
 
368 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 In the earlier years, save the ferry-houses or 
 hotels, there was no shelter for waiting pas- 
 sengers, while now commodious saloons 
 discard the necessity for hotels. On April 
 1, 1841, R. C. Cake leased the old ferry- 
 house at Federal Street and continued there 
 until 1850. ' He was succeeded by John 
 Woolston, and, in November, 1854, Stephen 
 Parsons took the house and kept it until 
 June, 1882. In 1883 the old house, after 
 one hundred and nineteen years of service, 
 was torn down. 
 
 Camden and Philadelphia Steam- 
 boat Ferry Company. — This company 
 was incorporated March 5, 1836, with an 
 authorized capital of one hundred thousand 
 dollars, and the right to purchase, build or 
 lease wharves, slips, piers and buildings to 
 build steamboats, vessels and ferry-boats and 
 to arrange a schedule of fares. The following 
 persons were named in the act of incorpora- 
 tion as directors : Joseph Kaighn, Samuel 
 Lanning, Gideon V. Stivers, John W. 
 Mickle, Richard Fetters, Samuel Harris, 
 Isaac Vansciver, Isaac Cole and William 
 Carman. Joseph Kaighn was chosen presi- 
 dent, and John W. Mickle secretary and 
 treasurer. 
 
 In the fall of 1837 the company purchased 
 the Federal Street Ferry of Jacob Ridgway 
 and at once fitted it up, not only for ordinary 
 passenger traffic, but to run in connection 
 with the Camden and Amboy Railroad. The 
 first boat under their charge began its trips 
 on the 18th of April in 1838. The company 
 erected a large brick hotel near the ferry- 
 house, which was opened by James Elwell 
 and was known as the " Railroad Hotel." It 
 was destroyed by fire April 1, 1842, and re- 
 built as a four-story brick and again occupied 
 by James Elwell. It was everitually torn 
 down. 
 
 The company was influential in obtain- 
 ing a charter for the canal through Wind- 
 mill Island, from the Pennsylvania Legis- 
 lature in February, 1838, and which was 
 
 so far completed as to be used in 1840. 
 Benjamin Farrow, now living, was placed in 
 charge of the station on the island and con- 
 tinued sixteen years, when the special privi- 
 leges granted to the company were abandoned. 
 
 Joseph Kaighn, the president, died in 
 1841, and Samuel Harris was elected in his 
 place, filling the position until 1844, when 
 John W. Mickle was made president and re- 
 mained such until his death, and William H. 
 Gatzmer was made secretary and treasurer, a 
 position he holds to this day. 
 
 When the ferry company purchased, in 
 1838, John W. Mickle assumed control and 
 managed for several years, when, in 1846, 
 John J. Benson was appointed superintendent 
 and was followed by B[enry Fredericks for 
 one year and then by David Craven. In 
 December, 1855, the present superintendent, 
 Andrew B. Frazee, was appointed, and for 
 nearly thirty-one years he has conducted the 
 ferry with rare tact and success. About four 
 months after he took charge the terrible 
 disaster to the " New Jersey," which was 
 burned with a loss of sixty of her passengers, 
 although no fault of his, so daunted the 
 young official that he tendered his resignation, 
 which the directors wisely refused to accept, 
 and his long and useful career, which has 
 won for him their confidence and the esteem 
 of the community, prove that the officers of 
 1856 knew what they were doing. 
 
 The ferry-boat " New Jersey," of the Cam- 
 den and Philadelphia Steamboat Ferry Com- 
 pany, was burned Saturday evening, March 15, 
 1856, with one hundred passengers on board. 
 It left the dock, at the foot of Walnut Street, 
 Philadelphia, between eight and nine o'clock, 
 for Camden, and headed for the canal, which 
 was found so full of ice that the boat turned 
 northward so as to cross the bar above the 
 island. When nearly opposite Arch Street 
 wharf the boat was discovered to be on fire^ 
 near the smoke-stack. The captain directed 
 the pilot to steer direct for the Arch Street 
 wharf, which was done. The fire spread 
 
NAVIGATION AND SHIP-BUILDING. 
 
 369 
 
 with great rapidity, and soon the pilot and 
 engineer were driven from their positions 
 and the boat was unmanageable. When 
 within thirty feet from the wharf the pilot- 
 house fell. A flood-tide was setting up the 
 river at the time, and the boat steered from 
 the wharf towards the island. Many pas- 
 sengers jumped when near the wharf, and 
 forty-seven were saved. The boat floated 
 toward the island and lodged on the ice. She 
 was later towed to the Jersey shore, where 
 she sank. 
 
 Of the boats used at this ferry during the 
 first quarter of the present century little is 
 certainly known. The ferry-masters kept 
 few records and memory dies with the owner. 
 The first authentic account of a steamboat at 
 Federal Street was the " Franklin," in 1820. 
 She was in command of Captain Richard 
 Fetters, and was built by Benjamin Reeves, to 
 run from Market Street, and transferred to the 
 Federal Street Ferry when he changed his 
 base. Team-boats propelled by horses mov- 
 ing in a circle were used even after steam had 
 been tried. From 1820 to 1830 team boats 
 were used at this ferry. The " William 
 Wray " and " Philadelphia " were built by 
 Toy & Reeves in 1828. They were steam- 
 boats, and were in use twenty years after- 
 wards. The " Philly," as she was familiarly 
 called, was a favorite excursion boat, and was 
 frequently used on Sunday-school picnics. 
 
 When the Ferry Company came into pos- 
 session they found on their hands the " Old 
 Philly," « Billy Wray " and "State Rights." 
 These came with the arrangements made 
 between the ferry company and the railroad 
 company in relation to the transfer of pas- 
 sengers across the river to Walnut Street. 
 In 1835 the Camden and Amboy Railroad 
 Company built the " States Rights," a very 
 large and powerful boat which came to be 
 called the " Ice Breaker," because its size and 
 power fitted it for keeping the channel open 
 in winter. The name was changed to " United 
 States Rights," as the war period approached 
 
 and the original title was found to be sym- 
 bolical of political doctrines unpopular in 
 this section. 
 
 For many years the Camden and Amboy 
 Company ran a ferry from Bridge Avenue to 
 Walnut Street, and the boats of the two com- 
 panies sometimes interchanged positions. The 
 " John Fitch " and " New Jersey " were added 
 to the fleet. The latter was built for the Glou- 
 cester ferry. The " Mary " followed, and in 
 1852 the "Dido." The latter was an iron 
 boat, low in the water, very sharp, of great 
 power and speed, making her way through 
 ice that wholly checked the progress of other 
 boats. She was the universal favorite, and 
 if the "Kaighns Pointers" vowed by the 
 " Champion," all others swore by the " Dido." 
 
 After A. B. Frazee became superintendent 
 the "Delaware," "Camden" and "Philadel- 
 phia" were built. These were wooden boats, 
 but superior in size, power and accommoda- 
 tion to any preceding them. They have been 
 disposed of in various ways. In 1874 the 
 " Pennsylvania " was built. She is of iron, 
 with iron wheels, the first so constructed, but 
 generally copied after since. In 1882 the 
 " Wenonah " and " Beverly " were con- 
 structed. They are copied after the " Penn- 
 sylvania," but are larger, stronger and more 
 powerful, and stand for the highest type of 
 ferry-boats designed for Delaware River 
 ferrying. Six million passengers crossed 
 the ferry in 1886. 
 
 With the exception of the New Jersey 
 catastrophe, this ferry has had no serious 
 mishap. From the first the relations be- 
 tween the ferry and railroad companies were 
 of the most friendly character, and since the 
 lease of the Camden and Amboy Railroad by 
 the Pennsylvania Company, the latter has 
 assumed control, and although two in law, in 
 their workings they are one. The following 
 are the officers and directors, Edmund Smith 
 (president), William H. Gatzmer (secretary 
 and treasurer), John C. Bullitt, William J. 
 Sewell, J. Morris Dorrance, William N. 
 
370 
 
 HISTOEY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Bannard, Beiljamin F. Archer, John W. 
 McKnight, Thomas H. Dudley; Superin- 
 tendent; A. B. Frazee; Carpenter, Thomas 
 Jones ; Chief Engineer, Daniel Simpkins. 
 
 William H. Gatzmer, well and famil- 
 iarly known to the active business world as 
 an energetic and leading spirit in the early 
 development and subsequently successful op- 
 eration of the Camden and Amboy Railroad, 
 was born near Somerville, Somerset County, 
 N. J., July 22, 1807. He is descended on 
 the paternal side from German ancestry, his 
 father having sailed from Coburg to this 
 country in 1794, and made his home in Bus- 
 tleton. Pa., near Philadelphia. He after- 
 wards removed to Somerset County, N. J., 
 at which point he became identified with the 
 milling interests of that section. 
 
 The youthful years of William H. Gatz- 
 mer were not unlike those of most boys of 
 his day, when limited means and scanty 
 educational advantages threw him upon his 
 own . resources, the early development of 
 which contributed greatly to his successful 
 business life in after-years. Such opportu- 
 nities for acquiring an education as were af- 
 forded by the country village in which he 
 lived were well improved, and, at the age of 
 twelve, he was sufficiently advanced in his 
 studies to fill a position as clerk in a country 
 store. A year later he entered a more ex- 
 tensive establishment at Somerville, and at 
 this place remained nearly five years. His 
 close attention to the details and requirements 
 of the business won for him the cortfidence 
 and esteem of his employers, and in appre- 
 ciation of his ability a partnership was pro- 
 posed ; but the lack of capital, together with 
 the belief that the knowledge of some trade 
 would render him more sure of success in 
 life, led him to decline the offer. He then 
 entered a printing-office iu the same town. 
 Here, the ambition of the youth became ap- 
 parent ; he not only quickly became master 
 of all the details of this new avocation, but 
 devoted his leisure hours to the study of 
 
 science and literature. Always active, and 
 possessing an energetic spirit, he sought for 
 advancement, and in 1830 made successful 
 application to one of the largest steamboat 
 companies of New York City — the Stevens 
 Brothers— by whom he was made chief clerk 
 on the steamer "North America." This 
 company was constructing, at- that time, the 
 Camden and Amboy Railroad. Three years 
 later, they having completed the eastern sec- 
 tion of this line, Mr. Gatzmer was transfer- 
 red to the steamboat route between New York 
 City and South Amboy, where he also spent 
 three years. 
 
 After the completion of the road he en- 
 tered the Philadelphia office, where he dis- 
 played marked executive ability to such an 
 extent that upon the resignation of Edwin 
 A. Stevens from the presidency of the Cam- 
 den and Amboy Railroad Company, in 1867, 
 he was by unanimous consent elected to fill 
 the vacancy. This substantial recognition of 
 Mr. Gatzmer's worth was but justly his due 
 in return for thirty-seven years of faithful 
 and uninterrupted service. This position he 
 continued to hold until May, 1872, when the 
 road was finally leased to the Pennsylvania 
 Railroad Company. Mr. Gatzmer was 
 identified with the Lehigh Valley Railroad 
 Company as early as 1853 as a director, 
 which relation he sustained until 1872, when 
 he also became consulting manager, and 
 filled both positions until 1880. 
 
 The success of the Camden and Amboy 
 Railroad stimulated the construction of 
 railroads elsewhere, and the great principle ■ 
 involved in the proper management of rail- 
 roads, approved by him, have been univer- 
 sally adopted, to a greater or less extent, by 
 other railroad companies. He may be justly 
 styled the railroad "Nestor," for we know 
 of no other gentleman who for so long a pe- 
 riod has maintained the position of the chief 
 manager of one of the most wealthy and im- 
 portant railroads on this continent. 
 
 Throughout his active business life his 
 
^:i.,.-^i?<^^-^- 
 
NAVIGATION AND SHIP-BUILDING. 
 
 371 
 
 disposition was ever most genial and cordial, 
 and, notwithstanding the pressing demands 
 upon his time, and the many cares and re- 
 sponsibilities resting upon him, he was at all 
 times approachable alike to friends and 
 subordinates. In him are happily blended 
 the most amiable and courteous manners, 
 with a firm and resolute decision of charac- 
 ter, to which are mainly due his great influ- 
 ence in the New Jersey Railroad system and 
 his universal popularity with the public. 
 I Mr. Gatzmer, at the age of twenty-two 
 years, was united in marriage with Eliza 
 A. Campbell, of New York City. At the 
 present time Mr. Gatzmer has but two sons 
 living, William C. and Robert, both of whom 
 are actively engaged in business, and pos- 
 sess many of the qualifications and charac- 
 teristics which rendered their father so suc- 
 cessful and popular. The other children were 
 Edwin, Eliza, Henry S. and Ann. Edwin 
 died July 25, 1883, and Henry S., February 
 9, 1886. 
 
 Captain Andrew Blair Feazbe, who 
 for thirty-one years has been the active and 
 efficient superintendent of the Camden and 
 Philadelphia Steamboat Ferry Company, was 
 born in the city of New Brunswick, N. J., 
 on the 28th day of August, 1820. His 
 grandfather, Henry Frazee, emigrated from 
 France and settled in the State of New Jer- 
 sey. In 1794 he formed a military company 
 and marched with it into Western Pennsyl- 
 vania to aid in quelling the Whiskey Insurrec- 
 tion in that State. He never returned 
 from this expedition, and nothing is known 
 of his future history. 
 
 Henry Frazee, his son, and the father of 
 Captain Frazee, was married to Jane Fisher, 
 of Middlesex County, and was long a resident 
 of New Brunswick, in which city he died at 
 the age of seventy-six years. The grand- 
 mother of the captain on his mother's side, 
 whose name was Mary E. Blair, emigrated 
 from Ireland when quite young. 
 
 Captain Frazee obtained his education in 
 
 the schools of his native place and early in 
 life entered upon an active career, which he 
 has regularly continued to this time. In 
 March, 1833, he became an employee on the 
 steamboat " Napoleon," owned by the New 
 Brunswick Steamboat Company, controlled 
 by the Camden and Am boy Railroad, and was 
 afterward transferred to the steamboat " Rar- 
 itan," owned by the same company, until 
 1842. Robert L. and Edwin A. Stevens, 
 well-known individuals in the history of 
 transportation in America, then appointed 
 him captain of the " Joseph Belknap," one 
 of their boats plying between Amboy and 
 New York City. Recognizing his efficiency 
 and ability, in 1851 they sent him for one 
 year to Wilmington, Del., to superintend the 
 construction of the " Richard Stockton," a 
 handsome steamer, which, when completed, 
 ran between Philadelphia and Bordentowu, 
 which, with the Amboy Railroad from Bor- 
 dentowu and the "Joseph Belknap" from Am- 
 boy, completed the line of transportation 
 from Philadelphia to New York City, and 
 Captain Frazee again became commander of 
 the last-named boat. 
 
 In October, 1855, he was ordered by the 
 Camden and Amboy Railroad Company, with 
 the " Joseph Belknap," to Philadelphia, and 
 in November of the same year was appointed 
 superintendent of the Camden and Philadel- 
 phia Steamboat Ferry Company, which po- 
 sition he has since held and is therefore, in 
 term of service, the oldest employee of the 
 old Camden and Amboy Railroad Company. 
 In the position of superintendent of the ferry 
 he has shown rare executive ability and ren- 
 dered very efficient service in making needed 
 improvements and building up the interestsof 
 the company under whose employ he has 
 been so long engaged. He superintended the 
 construction of the "Camden," " Delaware," 
 " Philadelphia," " Pennsylvania " and the 
 remodeled " Delaware," the " Beverly " and 
 the " Wenonah," well-known ferry-boats of 
 this company. 
 
372 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEKSEY. 
 
 Captain Frazee was married, September 
 3, 1844, to Susan Vanhook Voorhees, daugh- 
 ter of Peter Voorhees, of New Brunswick, a 
 descendant of one of the early Dutch families 
 of New Jersey. She died in 1871, leaving 
 one child, Jane F. Frazee, who is married to 
 Richard F. Smith, the present sheriff of Cam- 
 den County. By his second marriage, with 
 Mary Emily Young, of Philadelphia, Octo- 
 ber 27, 1873, Captain Frazee has three chil- 
 dren, — Andrew B., William H. and Susan 
 Emily. 
 
 Captain Frazee has taken an active interest 
 in the Masonic Order, having long been a 
 member. He was made a Master Mason in 
 1866; a Royal Arch Mason and a Knight 
 Templar in 1868; was Eminent Commander 
 of Cyrene Commandery No. 7, of Camden, in 
 1869 and 1870, and was elected Grand Com- 
 mander of Knights Templar of the State in 
 1 880. He has taken all the degrees up to and 
 including the thirty-third, which was con- 
 ferred upon him at Boston by a session of 
 the Supreme Council on September 19, 1882, 
 making him an honorary member of that 
 body, and in September 27, 1883, he was made 
 an active member. On September 16, 1885, 
 he was elected deputy of the Supreme Coun- 
 cil for the State of New Jersey. There are 
 now only two active members in the State. 
 He has been a member of the Odd Fellows 
 since 1842. 
 
 CooPEE Street Ferry. — The history of 
 the Roydon Ferry, afterwards known as the 
 Cooper Street Ferry, has already been given 
 in the beginning of this chapter up to about 
 1767, when it passed, by will, with the 
 property on the north side of Cooper Street, 
 and to Pearl Street, from William Cooper, 
 of Philadelphia, to his grandson, William, 
 son of Daniel. The ferry at the foot of the 
 street was established before the Revolution, 
 as mention is made of the Middle Ferry. It 
 passed from William Cooper to his son Dan- 
 iel, who operated it in 1796. Daniel died 
 about 1804, and in 1817 his property was 
 
 divided between his three daughters, — Mary 
 Ann (Carman), Abigail and Esther L. The 
 ferry property came to Abigail, by whom it 
 was retained until her death, in 1868. 
 
 The ferry, after the death of Daniel 
 Cooper, was operated by one Collins, later 
 by Joseph Bispham, and in 1810 and later 
 by Benjamin Reeves. In 1814 Benjamin 
 Reeves built, for Richard M. Cooper (who, 
 from this time, owned the ferry-boats), the 
 " Camden," a steam ferry-boat. Later the 
 "Vigilant" was built, and burned at the 
 dock a few weeks after it was completed. 
 The " Delaware " was then built, and is said 
 to have bsen the first ferry-boat with a verti- 
 cal cylinder. She ran several years, and, on 
 the 31st of October, 1827, the boiler burst 
 while lying at the dock, killing the engineer, 
 John Thorne, Ledden Davis and injuring 
 others. 
 
 In 1824 the ferry was conducted by Eben- 
 ezer Toole, who, in 1828, purchased the 
 Kaighns Point Ferry. He was succeeded in 
 the Cooper Street Ferry by Joseph English, 
 who conducted it until his death, and was 
 succeeded by his son Israel, who continued 
 until its abandonment, early in 1850. The 
 property did not pass from the Coopers from 
 its establishment to its close. The English 
 Ferry-House, as it was known, stood on the 
 site of the new block of buildings, corner of 
 Front and Cooper Streets, well back from 
 both streets. The site of the slip, where the 
 ferry-boats landed, is now occupied by the 
 Derby & Wetherby machine-shop. In 
 1849 the stables of the ferry were burned 
 and the ferry was abandoned, and in 1850 
 Israel English moved to the West Jersey 
 Hotel, and the old house ceased to be a ho- 
 tel, but was kept for years in connection 
 with the garden, and was torn down upon 
 the erection of the present brick block. 
 
 Kaighns Point Ferry was established 
 by Joseph Kaighn in the autumn of 1809. 
 It was located at the foot of Ferry Street, 
 a narrow thoroughfare running off from 
 
"^s^. 
 
 ^^P/^^^C^ 
 
NAVIGATION AND SHIP-BUILDING. 
 
 373 
 
 Kaighn Avenue, below Second Street, the 
 eastern end beiufij vacated, while the portion 
 west of Front, Street is now used by the 
 Camden, Gloucester and Mount Ephraim 
 Railroad. Until recently the remnants of a 
 grove of large willow trees that shaded the 
 approach to the ferry were standing. 
 
 Christopher Madara, who came from Salem 
 County, leased the Kaighn Ferry prop- 
 erty and operated the ferry which landed 
 at Queen Street, Southwark, until 1815, 
 when the property was leased to the Penn- 
 sylvania and New Jersey Steamboat Ferry 
 Company for ninety-nine years. Robert 
 Fulton, Robert Livingston and John Stevens 
 at that time claimed the sole right of running 
 steamboats in the United States, and this 
 company bought from them the exclusive 
 privilege for the Delaware River within five 
 miles north and south of Kaighns Point. 
 Thus the other companies were restricted to 
 the use of the old " team-boats," until the 
 United States Supreme Court decided against 
 Fulton's claim and threw steam open to the 
 world. The conditions of the lease were 
 that, under penalty of forfeiture, the company 
 should at all times maintain a good ferry. 
 
 The Pennsylvania and New Jersey Com- 
 pany put upon the river, in 1815, the largest 
 and finest boat before seen in these waters, — 
 the "Union," — the hull of which was builtat 
 Kensington by Nicholas Yandusen, and the 
 engine at Hoboken by Robert L. Stevens. 
 The company spent so much money in the con- 
 struction of boats and the building of wharves 
 at Kaighns Point and at Washington and 
 South Streets, on the Philadelphia side, that 
 it fell into bankruptcy. Yet it continued to 
 run a little steamer called the " Norristown," 
 but when that was burned it was forced to 
 suspend. In 1816 Madara gave up the 
 Kaighns Point Hotel to George W. Hugg, 
 and June 21, 1821, Kaighn sold the whole 
 property to the widow of Clement Reeves, 
 who brought suit against the company for 
 forfeiture of its charter and won her case. 
 44 
 
 Mrs. Reeves and her sons, Israel and Jo- 
 seph, conducted the ferry with success, and 
 built the " Southwark " and the " New Jersey," 
 the latter a safe boat, suited for the business, 
 but was so exceedingly slow as to earn the 
 sobriquet of " Scrubbing Brush " and " The 
 Turtle." 
 
 Mrs. Reeves died in 1827. Israel Reeves, 
 her executor, sold the property to Ebenezer 
 Toole, by deed bearing date January 3, 1828. 
 The price paid was thirteen thousand five 
 hundred dollars, and the assessed value of 
 the property in 1834 was nineteen thousand 
 two hundred and fifty dollars. 
 
 William Champion became associated with 
 Toole in the ferry business, and the two con- 
 ducted the enterprise for over twenty years, 
 their western terminus being at the foot of 
 South Street, where Champion kept the hotel 
 known as the Champion House. They built 
 the "Southwark" "Kaighns Point" and 
 " William Champion " ferry-boats. The first 
 was worn out prior to 1850, the second was in 
 service until 1853, while the " Champion " 
 did full duty until 1866. She was accounted 
 a superior boat in her day, and the " Kaighns 
 Pointers " of the " forties " and early 
 " fifties " made their vows by the " ' Billy ' 
 Champion." Ebenezer Toole, dying in 1850, 
 his heirs, January 22, 1852, conveyed the 
 property to the South Camden Ferry Com- 
 pany, which was incorporated May 14, 1851, 
 of which Charles Kaighn, Joseph M. Cooper 
 and William Griffith were members. 
 
 The company, by the act of incorporation, 
 established the ferry at the old place, the 
 foot of Ferry Street, and on the 24th of Feb- 
 ruary, 1853, procured an amendment to the 
 charter which authorized a change of loca- 
 tion to the foot of Kaighn Avenue, which 
 was done, and extensive improvements were 
 made in filling up the low ground almost to 
 the present western limits and at the foot of 
 the avenue. James Tuttle was made super- 
 intendent of the company, and was succeeded 
 by Joseph M. Cooper. The steam ferry- 
 
37i 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 boat, "Stephen Girard," a swift, stanch 
 boat, was built and run in connection with 
 the " AVilliam Champion." The best facilities 
 attainable were secured, but the company- 
 overtaxed its financial strength, and in 1858, 
 Henry B. Wilson took charge of and man- 
 aged the ferry in the interests of Samuel M. 
 Merritt, trustees of the second mortgage 
 bondholders. In 1862 Zophar C. Howell, 
 William Grif?5th, Charles Kaighn, John D. 
 Jones, Joseph Iszard, John Cooper, James 
 C. Finn, Henry B. Wilson, Abraham Brown- 
 ing and others, as the Kaighns Point and 
 Philadelphia Ferry Company, incorporated 
 March 15, 1859 (Z. C. Howell, president, 
 and H. B. Wilson, secretary), secured the 
 property, with William Griffith, superintend- 
 ent. 
 
 The "Rebecca Howell" and "Agnes," 
 wooden boats, were built. The " Rebecca 
 Howell " was in service until 1876, and the 
 " Agnes " has a present prospect of several 
 years of usefulness. In September, 1873, Gen- 
 eral John S. Schultze, president of the Man- 
 chester Railroad, organized in 1869, having 
 secured the right of way, with the design of 
 making Kaighns Point a terminus, purchased 
 a controlling interest in the ferry company, 
 and October 17, 1873, Charles B. Coles was 
 made superintendent. The railroad scheme 
 failed to mature, but August 1, 1874, Her- 
 bert C. Felton, secretary and treasurer, be- 
 came the superintendent, and the ferry be- 
 came an assured success. 
 
 In 1875 the " General J. S. Schultze," 
 and in 1883 the " Colorado," both large and 
 powerful iron boats, were built, the former by 
 John H. Dialogue, and with the " Agnes," 
 providing sure and frequent means for cross- 
 ing the river, making trips at intervals of 
 fifteen minutes until late in the evening, and 
 half-hour trips later. 
 
 In 1880 the company removed the old 
 ferry-houses at Kaighns Point, replacing 
 them with a structure more in accordance 
 -\\'ith the largely-increased business, and in 
 
 1885 the process was repeated at the Phila- 
 delphia terminus. 
 
 With the opening of Kaighn Avenue, 
 east of Haddon Avenue, the travel at 
 Kaighns Point will increase. The officers 
 of the company at present (1886) are the fol- 
 lowing : Directors, Z. C. Howell, (president), 
 John S. Schultze, Wm. Griffith, John Cooper, 
 Benj. D. Shreeve, Z. R. Wills, William E. 
 Schultz ; Herbert C. Felton, secretary, treas- 
 urer and superintendent. 
 
 The West Jersey, familiarly known as 
 " The Market Street Ferry," extends from 
 Market Street, Camden, to Market Street, 
 Philadelphia, and is now, and has long been, 
 one of the leading lines 'of transportation 
 across the Delaware between the two cities. 
 This ferry was established about 1800 by 
 Abraham Browning, Sr., an intelligent and 
 enterjirising farmer of the territory now em- 
 braced in Stockton township. His father- 
 in-law, George Genge, at that time had a 
 board -yard at the foot of the street. Abra- 
 ham Browning built a ferry-house on the 
 south side of Market Street, on the site of 
 the large store building of Taylor Brothers, 
 on the corner of Market Street and Second. 
 He also put up stables for the reception of 
 horses and vehicles, as the boats at that time 
 used on this ferry, as on all others on the 
 Delaware, were small row-boats or wherries, 
 and of insufficient size and capacity for the 
 conveyance of market teams. Sails were 
 used to propel the wherries when the wind 
 was fair, and in the absence of wind, oars 
 were applied ; but if the winds were adverse 
 and strong, the boats awaited until the Fates 
 were more propitious. Farmers usually un- 
 loaded their produce and left their teams on 
 the east side of the river, while they went to 
 market or attended to other business in Phila- 
 delphia. Abraham Browning improved the 
 accommodations for landing by adding suf- 
 ficient wharfing. The original place of land- 
 ing of his boats at the times of high tide, 
 however, was near the site of his ferry- 
 
NAVIGATION AND SHIP-BUILDING. 
 
 375 
 
 house, a long distance inland from the present 
 landing-place, all the land intervening being 
 " made ground," in the language of the com- 
 mon populace. When he completed the 
 erection of his ferry-house, Mr. Browning 
 moved from his farm into it, and operated 
 his ferry for about one year. Disliking the 
 business, he had either as lessees or superin- 
 tendents various parties, among whom were 
 James Springer, Peter Farrow, Benjamin 
 Springer, Wm. S. Paul and Edward Brown- 
 ing. He continued to be the owner of this 
 ferry until the time of his death, in 1836. 
 It then passed into the possession of his 
 heirs, who conducted it as their property until 
 1849. It was long known as the " Brown- 
 ing Ferry." In 1849 a charter was obtained, 
 as is evidenced by the following : 
 
 " Wliereas, Abraham Browning, Maurice Brown- 
 ing, Charles Browning, Edward Browning, Eleanor 
 Browning, and Catharine Browning now own the 
 ferries between Market Street, in the city of Cam- 
 den, and the city of Philadelphia, with the real 
 estate, boats, ships and appendages belonging there- 
 to, which property not being in its nature suscep- 
 ble of division without great prejudice, and liable 
 to embarrassment or inconvenience by death or 
 other misfortune while thus jointly held, the said 
 owners desire to be incorporated, that they may, 
 with greater security to themselves and advantage 
 to the public, improve said ferries." 
 
 The name was the "West Jersey Ferry 
 Company, and Abraham Genge, Maurice, 
 Charles and Edward Browning were made 
 directors by the act, to serve as such until Oc- 
 tober following, when others were lo be 
 elected and the number of directors increased 
 to nine. This was the second of the ferries to 
 pass into the hands of an incorporated com- 
 pany, the Federal Street Ferry having passed 
 into the hands of the Camden and Philadel- 
 phia Ferry Company nine years before and 
 the Kaighns Point Ferry to the South Cam- 
 den Ferry Company three years later. 
 
 The presidents of the company have been 
 Joseph Porter, William Clark and James B. 
 Dayton ; secretaries and treasurers, Edward 
 
 Browning, Isaac Porter, Amos Rudderow. 
 Benjamin Sutton, was the first superintendent, 
 taking charge in 1849, followed by Daniel 
 Bishop, and in 1852 by Wm. Morrell, who re- 
 mained until January, 1857, when John G. 
 Hutchinson, who had been master-mechanic, 
 was appointed and has since continuously 
 held the position. 
 
 When James Springer conducted the Ferry, 
 in 1809, the boats landed within a short 
 distance of the hotel on Front Street, but 
 when the Browning heirs took charge, thirty 
 years later, the shore was moved westward 
 by wharfing, extending the slips and filling 
 up the low ground until the site of the ter- 
 minus of the old ferry is many hundred 
 feet inland, and the timbers of the " Mar- 
 iner," " William Penn " and " Southwark " - 
 lie buried under Delaware Street, where they 
 were moored when no longer serviceable. 
 
 In 1849 the company built the West Jer- 
 sey Hotel, a large, handsome building, of 
 which Israel English sometime afterwards 
 took and retained charge until his death. 
 
 When the company was incorporated there 
 were three boats connected with the ferry, — 
 " Farmer," " Southwark " and " William 
 Penn." The first two were replaced that 
 year by the " Mariner " and the " Merchant," 
 much larger boats. The " William Penn " 
 was rebuilt in 1857. The "Mechanic " was 
 built in 1856 by John Bender. The " Amer- 
 ica" was built in 1867. The next boat was 
 the "Columbia," an iron boat, built in 1877, 
 with iron wheel-houses, gallies, frames and 
 engine-house, the first ferry-boat on this river 
 so completely fire-proof. The " Arctic," in 
 1879, and "Baltic" in 1884, followed. 
 These are almost twin boats, with improve- 
 ments upon the " Columbia " and larger, the 
 dimensions of the " Baltic " being : Length 
 of keel, one hundred and forty-five feet ; of 
 deck, one hundred and fifty-seven feet ; beam, 
 thirty feet ; over all, fifty-four feet ; with en- 
 gines of forty-inch cylinder and ten feet 
 stroke. They are all powerful boats and 
 
376 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 crunch ice of formidable thickness. There 
 has been no mishap causing loss of life on 
 this ferry since its establishment. In 1883 
 the Pennsylvania Railroad Company bought 
 a majority of the stock and that corporation 
 now controls the ferry. James B. Dayton 
 was president for many years. The present 
 board of dii'cctors is composed of Edmund 
 Smith, president ; William J. Sewell, "Wilbur 
 F. Rose, Wistar Morris, Maurice Browning, 
 Peter L. Voorhees, John F. Starr, Edward 
 Roberts, Henry D. Welsh. John F. Joline 
 is secretary and treasurer, and John G. Hut- 
 chinson is superintendent. 
 
 The Gloucester Ferries. — The first 
 ferry established at Gloucester Point was 
 under a license granted to John Reading, 
 in June, 1695. Boats were to ply between 
 Gloucester and "Wickaco" (now Swedes' 
 Church), Philadelphia. The ferry was con- 
 ducted by him until 1707, when he sold to 
 John Spey, who also kept a tavern. Spey 
 sold the ferry, in 1722, to Joseph Hugg, who 
 conducted it for eight years and sold to Rich- 
 ard Weldon, who, in 1735, sold to John Ladd. 
 
 The distance from Gloucester to Philadel- 
 phia was so great, and Cooper's Ferries so 
 much nearer, that the ferries at Gloucester 
 became, for a time, of minor importance. 
 John Reading about the year 1693, established 
 a ferry over Gloucester River (Timber 
 Creek), but it was little used, and a bridge 
 was built over that stream at a later day. 
 The first ferry to Wickaco was continued and 
 again came into the possession of the Huggs, 
 who also conducted the Ferry tavern. 
 
 Leaving the intervening events to obliv- 
 ion, and coming down to matters within the 
 memory of the living (seventy years ago), 
 Robert Wharton, one time mayor of Phila- 
 delphia, is found running a ferry between 
 the Broad Seal and Keystone States, the 
 western landing being at Greenwich Point of 
 to-day, and the eastern landing at the " Old 
 Brick," the only hotel then in Gloucester. 
 
 The boats used by "Mayor" Wharton, as 
 
 the people called him, and by his son-in-law, 
 Samuel Shoemaker, who succeeded him, were 
 flats, propelled by horses, — in some cases 
 walking in a circle, turning a windlass; in 
 others, walking in a tread-mill. One of the 
 latter, arranged for six horses, was deemed a 
 wonder in its way, but a " northwester" was 
 sufficient to keep it in the dock until the 
 wind abated. No regular trips were made. 
 When a boat was landed on the Pennsylvania 
 shore the men would throw themselves on 
 the grass, in the shade, until a return load 
 would come along, or the tolling of the bell, 
 on the other side, notified them of a fare 
 waiting to cross. 
 
 In 1835 Shoemaker became fiinancially em- 
 barrassed, and the ferry, with many acres of 
 land — a hundred or more — was bought by 
 Robert Wharton Sykes, a Philadelphian 
 lawyer, nephew of Mayor Wharton, for five 
 thousand dollars. This land, with its im- 
 provements, is now worth a million, while 
 the ferry property alone could hardly be pur- 
 chased for one fourth of that sum. 
 
 Sykes was the first to use steam here, but not 
 at once. The following notice, posted on the 
 boats in 1837, explains the character of the 
 accommodations : 
 
 " NOTICE. 
 
 " No smoking. No smoking of cigars or tobacco 
 is allowed on this boat, as, from the size and con- 
 struction of the boat, it is impossible to assign any 
 distinct part for smoking." 
 
 Sykes built the steamboats " Robert Whar- 
 ton " and " New Jersey," the latter made 
 memorable in 1856, twenty years afterwards, 
 when she was destroyed by fire, losing sixty 
 of her passengers, while making a trip from 
 Philadelphia to Camden, the Camden and 
 Philadelphia Ferry Company having pur- 
 chased the boat from Captain Loper, who 
 found her too small for the Gloucester 
 business. 
 
 Until 1846 the boats only ran to Green- 
 wich Point, excepting on Sundays, when 
 trips were made to Philadelphia ; but about 
 
NAVIGATION AND SHIP-BUILDING. 
 
 377 
 
 that time, ov a little later, Captain Richard 
 F. Loper, of propeller fame, obtained con- 
 trol of the ferry, on terms requiring boats to 
 run to Greenwich Point, which not being 
 done as stipulated, led to opposition between 
 the two, Loper's boats running to Almond 
 Street, Philadelphia. The number of passen- 
 gers rapidly increased, requiring larger 
 boats, and, in 1846, the "Stockton" was 
 built ; in 1847, the " Fashion ;" in 1848, the 
 " Peytona " and the " Eclipse," named after 
 celebrated race-horses of the time, and re- 
 sembling them only in name. Among the 
 captains and pilots of these years were Peter 
 Bender and George Bender, now filling like 
 positions on the Kaighns Point Ferry. Alex- 
 ander A. Powell, the oldest living native of 
 Gloucester, piloted the " New Jersey " at one 
 time. Captains Manley Smallwood and 
 Andrew MuUer were noted men under Shoe- 
 maker and Sykes. The latter is still enjoy- 
 ing a green old age, near Blackwood, living 
 on a well-earned competence. 
 
 In 1850 the Philadelphia Ferry Company 
 was incorporated to run a ferry from Glou- 
 cester Point. William M. Baird and Benja- 
 min F. McMurtrie were associated with 
 Loper as the company, McMurtrie being 
 superintendent, and the ferry was removed 
 to its present site. This company managed 
 the ferry for a time, when it was leased to 
 Charles Stewart, and subsequently the com- 
 pany was Stewart & Shaler. The " Curlew " 
 and " Eagle " were added to the fleet, and 
 still their capacity was unequal to the crowds 
 that flocked to Gloucester Point. Loper, to 
 secure himself from loss, was compelled to 
 resume control, and in 1863 Wilmon Whill- 
 din, the noted river steamboat man, became 
 associated with him. In 1865 Loper sold 
 out to A. Heckman, who had been his right- 
 hand man from the first. Whilldin and 
 Heckman ran the ferry until the death of 
 the former, in 1869, when his son-in-law, 
 William M. Farr, succeeded to his share, and 
 since that time Farr and Heckman have been 
 
 sole owners, with Captain Heckman as su- 
 perintendent and Frank B. Heckman assist- 
 ant. 
 
 The travel to Gloucester Point had largely 
 increased and for twenty years had been of 
 enormous proportions, taxing to the utmost 
 the carrying capacity of the boats. A better 
 class of accommodations were provided in 
 the way of commodious sitting-rooms at the 
 termini. Two large boats — the " Fulton " 
 and " Exchange" — were put on, and two of 
 the most spacious ferry-boats on the river were 
 built— the "Peerless" in 1872 and the 
 " Dauntless " in 1876. These boats having 
 a capacity for carrying from fifteen hun- 
 dred to two thousand persons, are crowded at 
 times, but all are secure and comfortable. 
 Among the names familiar to the ferries are 
 Samuel Tatem, superintendent, with Sykes 
 in the " forties " and with Whilldin twenty 
 years later, and a member of Assembly in 
 1864;. Edmund Hofl^man, many years col- 
 lector at the ferry, three times president of 
 City Council and a member of Assembly in 
 1858 ; John Gourley, a well-known ferry- 
 man, was a member of City Council and did 
 much to promote the building of the water- 
 works by the city. 
 
 In 1852 Captain William Albertson, 
 backed by David S. Brown, started an oppo- 
 sition boat to Philadelphia, using the steamer 
 " Kent " for the purpose, and the next year 
 the "Sun" was added. Ex-Mayor William 
 H. Banks was captain of the " Kent," 
 which was burned and the opposition ended. 
 
 Philadelphia and Camden Bridge 
 Company. — A second effort was made to 
 build a bridge across the Delaware River in 
 1869, and on the 9th of March in that year 
 an act was passed by the Legislature of New 
 Jersey, by which a company was incorporated 
 and authorized to raise stock of two million 
 dollars. The bridge was to be not less than 
 thirty feet in width. On the 5th of March, 
 1872, the time allowed for beginning the 
 bridge was extended two years and for com- 
 
378 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 pleting. four years. The time passed, the 
 bridge was not even begun and the rights 
 under the act were forfeited. The corporators 
 named in the act were Joseph Pollock, Mor- 
 ton McMichael, Thomas Speakman, Alexan- 
 der G. Cattell, Presly B. O'Neill, William 
 Moore, Edward Bettle, Henry L. Bonsall, 
 George S. Woodhull, Simon Cameron, P. C 
 Brinck, James Page, Henry M. Phillips, 
 John C. Tatum, Hector Orr, Charles Cox, 
 William A. Newell, Thomas Shaw, William 
 Nicholson, Reynell Coates, James H. Orne, 
 Edwin H. Fitler, W. H. Kern, Nathan 
 Hillis, Robert E. Randall, Marmaduke B. 
 Taylor and Sinnickson Chew. 
 
 The Creek FEEraEs and Bridges. — 
 When settlement began in this region the 
 first road from the northern settlement was 
 the King's Highway, which crossed Pensau- 
 kin and Coopers Creeks near their heads, 
 where they were fordable, and the settlements 
 lower down were reached by boats floated 
 down the stream or by bridle paths. As 
 travel increased, more direct routes were de- 
 manded, aiid on the 1st of December, 1702, 
 John Champion came before the court of 
 Gloucester County and asked for a license to 
 establish a ferry over Coopers Creek, which 
 was granted. John Reading, who was then 
 clerk, made the following entry concerning 
 it : " John Champion makes great complaint 
 of his great charge in setting people over 
 Coopers Creek at his house, whereupon ye 
 Grand Jury propose that in case ye said John 
 Champion will find sufficient convenience to 
 putt people over at all seasons, the said 
 Champion may take for ferriage as follows, 
 viz.: For two persons together, two pence per 
 head ; for one single person, three pence ; and 
 a man and a horse, five pence. 
 
 " To which ye Bench assents." 
 
 It will be noticed no provision was made for 
 carriages or wheeled vehicles of any kind, 
 and it was not until 1736 that wagons, ox- 
 carts, coaches and carriages are noticed in toll 
 rates. This ferry was at the foot of School 
 
 House Lane, and was probably the one which 
 Humphrey Day kept in 1733. The location 
 is now on the Barton farm, in Delaware 
 township. Later, as Coopers' Ferries became 
 more extensively known as the great crossing- 
 place to Philadelphia, travel sought a still 
 more direct route from Burlington, and 
 Samuel Spicer, who lived lower down on 
 Coopers Creek, established a ferry about 
 1736, where the Westfield and Camdeu turn- 
 pike comes to that creek. This " Spicer's 
 Ferry" comprised a flat-boat, which was 
 draM'n from shore to shore by ropes, and was 
 large enough to transport a few horses or 
 cattle. It was continued until 1764, 
 when a bridge at the place was erected in its 
 stead. 
 
 John Reading, on June 1, 1695, asked for 
 a license for a ferry over Gloucester River ' 
 (Timber Creek), which was granted. In 
 1740 he also asked for a license for a ferry 
 over Pensaukin Creek. It does not appear 
 that either of these ferries were established. 
 Over all the streams in Camden County, at 
 places where there was much travel, roads 
 were soon after made and bridges built. 
 
 The first account of a bridge within the 
 limits of the county of Camden is contained 
 in the court records of Gloucester County, 
 under date of December, 1687, at which time 
 Francis Collins (who then lived on the Kings 
 Highway, near the place which later became 
 Haddonfield) M'as engaged "to build abridge 
 over ye upper branch of Gloucester River " 
 (Timber Creek), and at the same term "com- 
 plaint was then made to the grand jury " for 
 want of sufficient bridges in several places on 
 ye part of road leading to Salem." This 
 road was the Kings Highway, and the five 
 several places were probably at Pensaukin, 
 
 ' The proprietaries of Gloucester, at a. meeting held 
 June 12, 1687, passed a resolution of which Section 14 
 declares " That the creek heretofore and commonly 
 called by the name of Timber Creek, be and is hereby 
 nominated and is henceforth to be called by the name 
 of Gloucester River." 
 
NAVIGATION AND SHIP-BUILDING. 
 
 379 
 
 Coopers, Newton, Great and Little Timber 
 Creeks, all within the bounds of Gloucester 
 County at that time. 
 
 In, June, 1696, the grand jury presented 
 the necessity of making bridges on the road 
 towards Egg Harbor, and John Hugg, Jr., 
 Thos. Sharp and Thos. Gardiner were ap- 
 pointed to make the examination and build 
 them. In September of the next year the 
 grand jury presented " ye northerly branch 
 of Gloucester River, and ye logge bridge in 
 ye fork thereof" for repairs, which were 
 ordered made by the court. In January, 
 1715, by act of Assembly, a Board of Free- 
 holders -was established and the road and 
 bridges were placed under their care. 
 On April 5, 1815, at a meeting of freeholders, 
 Constantine Ward and Wm. Harrison were 
 chosen managers to rebuild Timber Creek 
 bridge, and " to make it in breadth from out- 
 side to outside eleven feet, the sleepers and 
 campsills made of good white oake got in a 
 proppre seate, and to jutt over as is necessary 
 to Rayse ye Bridge on of each Syde." 
 
 In January, 1716, complaint was made to 
 the Assembly that the bridge on Salem road 
 over Gloucester River was in bad condition, 
 that the expense to towns was great and ask- 
 ing that it be placed to the care and expense 
 of the county, and an act was passed at the 
 same session to that effect. The bridge 
 mentioned in this act is the one which was 
 ordered built by the freeholders in 1715, and 
 this act legalized their action. 
 
 In 1733 a bridge over Timber Creek was 
 repaired, as the minutes of the Board of 
 Freeholders of the County of Gloucester, 
 bearing date December 11, 1733, contain 
 the following : " The justices and free- 
 holders have appointed George Ward and 
 Constantine Wood to be managers to repair 
 Timber Creek Bridge, and also that fifty 
 pounds shall be raised to defray the charge of 
 the said repair." 
 
 On the 15th of January, 1739, the records 
 of the Board of Freeholders contain the fol- 
 
 lowing : " Samuel Harrison and George 
 Ward, who were at last meeting appointed 
 managers to repair Great Timber Creek 
 Bridge, on viewing ye said Bridge, find it not 
 to be in condition to be repaired, but that it 
 must be Rebuilt, and, therefore, the Board 
 order that the sum of One hundred and Sixty 
 Pounds be raised for ye Building ye said 
 Bridge & for the Countys use, and that ye 
 said sum be levied as follows," etc. In 1773 
 John Hinchman, Isaac Mickle, Joshua Lord 
 and Joseph Hugg were appointed to repair 
 the bridge and expended £202 15s. 7d., 
 which was more than it cost in 1739. This 
 bridge was destroyed by the British forces 
 October 21, 1777, preceding the battle of 
 Red Bank ; the account of its rebuilding is 
 not obtained. 
 
 On the 27th of February, 1796, an act of 
 Assembly was passed authorizing the inhabit- 
 ants of Deptford and Gloucester to rebuild 
 and keep in repair the upper bridge over 
 Great Timber Creek, and to be under the 
 care of overseers of highways, who were to 
 construct it so as to afford passage for all boats 
 or vessels as have occasion to pass up the 
 stream. 
 
 A truss bridge was built over Great Tim- 
 ber Creek in 1828, and February 28th, in 
 that year, an act was passed regulating travel 
 over it. 
 
 On the 28th of June, 1766, an act was 
 granted by the Assembly for building a 
 bridge over the north branch of Great Tim- 
 ber Creek, at Abraham Roe's Landing. De- 
 cember 6, 1769, an act was passed to con- 
 stitute Great Timber Creek a lawful fence, 
 and to build a bridge over the creek from 
 lands of Samuel Clement (deceased) to lands 
 of George Marple (deceased). It was at this 
 place the troops of Count Donop, the morn- 
 ing of October 22, 1777, passed over on their 
 way to Red Bank, by reason of the destruc- 
 tion by the American troops of the lower 
 bridge. 
 
 Bv an act of Assembly December 7, 1763, 
 
380 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 which provided for the laying out of a road 
 from Timber Creek over JSTewton Creek, near 
 its mouth to Coopei's' Ferries, authority 
 was granted to erect a toll bridge over New- 
 ton Creek. It was soon after erected, and 
 June 24, 1767, the county of Gloucester 
 conveyed the bridge and its rights to William 
 Garrard, and his heirs and assigns, with 
 power to build a house within the bounds of 
 the road, for more convenience in receiving 
 toll.i 
 
 In 1813 the freeholders of the county were 
 authorized to purchase the bridge ; the act 
 was amended in 1815 and the bridge soon 
 after purchased, since which time it has been 
 free. 
 
 The first bridge over Coopers Creek was 
 undoubtedly constructed on the Kings High- 
 way, near Haddonfield, under action of the 
 grand jury on the complaint made to them, in 
 1687, of lack of sufficient bridges on that 
 road. In 1769 Jacob Clement was employed 
 by the township of Newton to repair this 
 bridge. The present stone bridge was erected 
 in 1845. 
 
 On the 28th of November, 1760, an act 
 of Legislature was passed authorizing the 
 laying out of a more direct road to Burling- 
 ton, and the erection of a bridge over Coopers 
 Creek "at the place commonly called Spicers 
 Ferry, of sufficient height above high water 
 to allow such boats as usually ply the creek 
 to pass under loaded or unloaded without 
 their masts." The act appointed as commis- 
 sioners to attend to its erection A¥illiam Fos- 
 ter, Joshua Bispham, Esquires, Edmund 
 Hollinshead, John Atkinson, John Hoskins, 
 Joseph Morgan, John Lippincott, John Cox, 
 Daniel Cooper and Benjamin Cooper, Jr. 
 The act also provided that the owners of 
 
 I Garrard was keeping a ferry at some place 'within 
 the limits of Gloucester Couuty in 1733, as in that year 
 he was taxed on a ferry seven fehillings. Tatems, Tay- 
 lors and Medcalfs Ferries were also taxed in that year. 
 Medciilfs Ferry was at Gloucester, and it is probable 
 that the others were then keeping the Cooper Ferries, as 
 the names of the Coopers do not appear ia the list. 
 
 the ferries should pay twenty per cent, of the 
 amount needed, that voluntary subscription 
 should be received for six months. The 
 people residing between the Salem road and 
 the Delaware River, in Waterford township, 
 and upon Coopers Ferries should pay by tax 
 sixteen per cent, of the amount required, 
 after which the balance of the amount was 
 to be assessed upon Burlington County, ex- 
 cept the townships of Egg Harbor and Not- 
 tingham. The road was straightened, and 
 in 1762 the bridge was completed. It was 
 kept in repair, and in 1833 was rebuilt as a 
 truss bridge. 
 
 On January 19, 1748, an act was passed 
 allowing the inhabitants to build a bridge 
 over Pensaukin Creek, probably on what is 
 now the Westfield and Camden turnpike, 
 but it was not then built. A bridge was 
 probably erected there, not far from 1764, 
 when the Spicer Bridge was erected, but no 
 account of it has been obtained. The bridge 
 over the Pensaukin on the river road was 
 erected in 1883. 
 
 On the 7th of March, 1850, the Board of 
 Freeholders of Camden County were author- 
 ized . to erect the bridge known as the 
 Browning Bridge. It seems not to have 
 been built at the time, as an act passed the 
 Legislature, January 25, 1855, authorizing 
 the erection of a bridge at the same place, 
 where was " a new road recently laid out," 
 to connect the Moorestown and the Haddon- 
 field and Camden turnpikes. The bridge 
 was built soon after. 
 
 The State Street Bridge, in Camden, was 
 built in 1856, under an act passed March 6th 
 in that year, which required that the bridge 
 should be provided with a draw forty feet 
 long. 
 
 Navigation of Coopkrs Creek. — This 
 creek, like other streams, was used as a high- 
 way in the early settlement, and as early as 1 749 
 boats and flats were deemed of sufficient im- 
 portance to render them liable for taxation, 
 and from that year they were taxed. Boats 
 
NAVIGATION AND SHIP-BUILDING. 
 
 381 
 
 loaded with produce from the various landings 
 along the stream were floated down to the 
 town of Philadelphia and loaded with 
 merchandise for return trip. That vessels of 
 considerable size were in use with masts 
 before 1751 is evident, as the act of Legis- 
 lature passed October 23d in that year pro- 
 vided for a draw or swinging bridge. It 
 was not built at the time, and an act having 
 the same purpose, passed November 28, 1760, 
 provided that a bridge at Spicers Ferry be 
 built high enough to allow all boats that 
 usually ply the stream to pass under. Boats 
 were built at all landings up the stream as 
 high as Oxfords Landing, having capacity of 
 forty-five tons and less. In later years the 
 landings along the creek, from Jonathan 
 Atmores Landing, which was the head of nav- 
 igation, were those of Benjamin B. Cooper, 
 Philip Stoy, Josiah E. Cole, Jacob Troth, John 
 Tanzey and Champions to Spicers Bridge. 
 About 1837 Josiah Cole built at Coles Land- 
 ing the " Caroline," a vessel of forty-five 
 tons burden, which in 1839 was sent by him, 
 in charge of his son, Jacob Stokes Cole, to 
 Port Clinton, on the Schuylkill, for a load 
 of coal ; forty tons were purchased and 
 brought to the landing. It was the first 
 coal brought to the place in quantity and 
 retailed at seven dollars per ton. 
 
 Many of the vessels built on the stream 
 were later, when rendered useless, sunk at or 
 near the landings, and used to extend the 
 wharves, and their hulks are still to be seen at 
 the old landings along the stream. Coopers 
 Creek at present is navigable only for flat- 
 boats and vessels of light draft. 
 
 Ship-Building. — Gabriel Thomas, in his 
 " History of West Jersey," speaks of a. ship 
 having been built upon Gloucester Eiver 
 (Timber Creek) for Governor Cox, and his 
 language is such as to indicate that this was 
 a sea-going vessel of a size that must have 
 been turned out from a principal yard of the 
 old country. It is a natural supposition, 
 therefore, that the first English settlers, who 
 45 
 
 numbered several shipwrights, built other 
 large craft, for they would not have gone to 
 the expense of providing the costly appur- 
 tenances of ship-buiJding merely to send out 
 one vessel ; but to Thomas alone can we turn 
 for any record of their work, and he took 
 note of 'nothing but the craft constructed for 
 the Governor. After the founding of Phila- 
 delphia, with its superior advantages of popu- 
 lation, skilled industry and. capital, the busi- 
 ness inevitably passed over to that side of 
 the river, where Jersey artisans, in this 
 special line, went to find employment. It is 
 within the past quarter of a century that 
 ship-building has originated in Camden, but 
 it now contains yards that are putting afloat 
 vessels which are a credit to their designers 
 and builders. 
 
 Sloops and vessels of from twenty to forty- 
 five tons burden were in use on Coopers Creek 
 long before 1800, but they were probably 
 built in Philadelphia, and in later years, 
 from 1800 to 1840, were built at the mouth 
 of the creek and on the creek as far up as 
 Coles Landing. The " Lady Adams," a sloop 
 owned by Captain J. H. Dougherty, was re- 
 ported in the American Record for 1882 as 
 built at Coopers Point in 1828, by whom is 
 not known. 
 
 Burton & Davis were the earliest ship- 
 builders at Coopers Point of whom any- 
 thing definite is now known. They also had a 
 marine railway. Their yard was near the 
 Vine Street Ferry. Macy Mathis also had 
 a ship-yard at the foot of York Street in 1852. 
 In that year David Corson, with his brothers, 
 Andrew and George, ship-builders at Mill- 
 ville, came to Camden and opened a yard 
 that then extended nearly from Shackamaxon 
 Ferry to the rolling-mill. He remained 
 in the business until 1868, when he sold 
 to Bartlett & Tilton. It later became D. 
 S. Risley & Co., and is now carried on by 
 S. W. Tilton. Joseph Taylor and his son 
 David early began a ship-yard below the old 
 McKeen mill, near the foot of Penn Street, 
 
382 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JBESEY. 
 
 where they also had a railway. Later, David 
 Taylor and a gentleman by the name of Brown 
 started a ship-yard on the site of Morris & 
 Mathis' present yard. About 1855 Chalkley 
 Mathis became interested with David Taylor 
 and they continued until 1877, when they 
 were succeeded by Morris & Mathis. Joseph 
 Day and his son Benjamin also opened a yard 
 for building and repairing vessels on the east 
 end of Tilton's present yard. The business 
 passed through the following changes : Tice 
 & Carter, Day, Carter & Day, Day & Carter, 
 Carter & Peale, Shoe, Chard & Chard. The 
 latter, in 1855, sold to S. W. Tilton, who 
 embraced it in his old yard. 
 
 In 1853 John Mattox began building 
 vessels, and in time was a partner of D. S. 
 Risley & Co. At Kaighns Point John Kaighn 
 built small vessels. 
 
 In 1845 John E,. Thompson established a 
 ship-yard on the river-front above Kaighns 
 Point, and for a time did an extensive busi- 
 ness in the construction of wooden vessels, 
 launching as many as seven in a season, 
 ranging in size from sixty to three hundred 
 tons ; and during the ten years of its exist- 
 ence over foi'ty vessels were built in the 
 yard; sloops, schooners, barques and tarns. 
 The proprietor was an enterprising man and 
 active in the municipal affairs of Camden. 
 He was chosen president of the City Council 
 in 1863, which honor was repeated in 1864 by 
 a unanimous vote. He was born near Stoys 
 Landing, on Coopers Creek, in Water ford 
 (now Delaware) township, in 1816, and came 
 to Camden in 1836. 
 
 Tilton's ship-yard comprises four acres of 
 ground, bounded by Front, Point and Erie 
 Streets, Coopers Point, and is the senior es- 
 tablishment of the kind in continuous exist- 
 ence in the city. It was begun by Corson & 
 Co., from whom it was purchased, in 1860, by 
 Samuel W. Tilton, who much enlarged it, 
 adding two marine railways to the single one 
 with which it was furnished when he took 
 possession, A vessel of thirteen hundred tons 
 
 burden can be constructed in these yards, 
 and several of that size have been sent out 
 from them. Mr. Tilton builds mainly for 
 the coasting trade, with which he has exten- 
 sive connections along the Atlantic seaboard. 
 The usual force of employees is about one 
 hundred. 
 
 One of the principal ship-building firms 
 in Camden is that of Morris & Mathis, whose 
 yards are at the corner of Point and Erie 
 Streets, Coopers Point. The business was 
 begun in 1855 by Taylor & Mathis, who 
 sold out in 1877 to Joseph J. Morris and J. 
 S. Mathis. The yards and houses cover three 
 acres of ground, and are fully equipped for 
 the construction of sailing vessels of any size 
 from a slooj) up to a ship of one thousand 
 tons. Most of the work of the firm has been 
 done in coasters, and they have quite recently 
 built a three-masted schooner of seven hun- 
 dred and fifty tons, a type of craft in the con- 
 struction of which they have been very suc- 
 cessful, and have also repaired the ferry-boat 
 " Shackamaxon " for the Vine Street Ferry. 
 They employ from seventy-five to one hun- 
 dred workmen, and the pay-roll averages fif- 
 teen hundred dollars weekly. 
 
 B. G. Hillman & Co. established a ship- 
 yard in 1880 at Coopers Point, between 
 Front and Second Street. They build tugs, 
 as well as wooden vessels, for the river and 
 coastwise trade, and employ a numerous force 
 of workmen. They constructed for Warner 
 & Merritt, to be used in the fruit trade, the 
 steamer " Ethel," which the Haytien gov- 
 ernment bought and turned into a gunboat, 
 and which has since figured conspicuously iu 
 the almost unceasing revolutions and civil 
 wars of the Black Republic. 
 
 J, Vanaman & Brother have their ship- 
 yard on Delaware Avenue above Arch Street. 
 The business was established in 1880 by John 
 L. Yanaman, his brother Joseph H. Vana- 
 man, and Mr. Burton, as the firm of Vana- 
 man & Burton. 
 
 In 1882 Mr. Burton withdrew from the 
 
NAVIGATION AND SHIP-BUILDING. 
 
 383 
 
 firm and David Vanaman, the father of the 
 Vanaman brothers, became associated with 
 them under the name of D. Vanaman & 
 Sons. In March, 1884, the business came 
 into the hands of the brothers by the with- 
 drawal of the father, since which time the 
 business has been conducted undor the pre- 
 sent name, Vanaman & Brother. The yard 
 has one hundred feet front by six hundred 
 feet deep to the riparian line. The dry dock 
 is one hundred and fifteen feet long by thirty 
 feet wide. With ample appliances, the yard 
 is fitted for the construction and repair of the 
 various kind of vessels for river and coast 
 trade. Thirty workmen are employed. 
 
 Joseph Burk's ship-yard is at the foot of 
 Cooper Street and it has been in operation 
 since 1880, when it was started by the pre- 
 sent proprietor. The yard occupies an 
 area of one hundred and sixty by five hun- 
 dred feet, and extends to low water mark. 
 The docks are convenient, and the yard is 
 equipped with the necessary appliances for 
 building and repairing vessels engaged in the 
 river and coasting trade. Forty workmen 
 are employed. 
 
 Dialogue's Ship- Yards. — John H. Dia- 
 logue, the proprietor of the extensive ship- 
 yards in South Camden, began business in the 
 city of Camden in 1850, at Second Street 
 and Bridge Avenue, on the premises pre- 
 viously occupied by J. W. & John F. Starr. 
 He was first engaged in doing general repair 
 work of locomotives for the Camden and Am- 
 boy Railroad Company, also the steamers of 
 the Camden and Philadelphia and West Jer- 
 sey Ferry Companies. At that time the 
 railroad company had their shops at Borden- 
 town, and Mr. Dialogue did the work at this 
 end of the line, thus giving employment to 
 about one hundred men. In 1854 he moved 
 to the southwest corner of Second and Stevens 
 Streets, having purchased the foundry then 
 owned by Elias Kaighn at that point, to 
 which he made large additions, and there 
 continued to do general machine-work and 
 
 the repairing of river steamers. Additions 
 were made to the works, a large supply of 
 new machinery was obtained, and in 1856 
 the construction of the celebrated Corliss 
 stationary engines was begun by Mr. Dia- 
 logue under a license from the inventor, 
 George H. Corliss, of Providence, Rhode 
 Island. In 1858 he began the erection of 
 the present large works at Kaighns Point, 
 and after their completion, in 1859, removed 
 to them, and; with enlarged facilities, con- 
 tinued the manufacture of Corliss engines 
 and did some marine work. In 1870 the 
 name of the establishment was changed to 
 the River Iron Works, with Dialogue & 
 Wood as proprietors, who then engaged in 
 the iron ship-building business. In 1871 
 the United States steamship "Colfax" was 
 built at these works. This was one of the 
 first iron vessels which the Revenue Marine 
 Department of the government had ordered. 
 The same year Mr. Dialogue constructed for 
 the United States Coast Survey the iron 
 steamer " ITassler," with a compound surface 
 condensing engine, which was used for the 
 purpose of taking Professor Louis Agassiz, 
 the great American naturalist, on his South 
 American Scientific Expedition, and from 
 thence to San Francisco, where the vessel is 
 now in service. In 1873 he built the large 
 iron double-engine steamer for the city of 
 Philadelphia, styled " No. 3," used for break- 
 ing the ice on the Delaware. It was then 
 the most powerful steamboat that had been 
 built on the Delaware River. Continuing the 
 construction of large and small river craft, 
 both of wood and iron, in 1874 he built the 
 first compound-engine tug-boat, named the 
 " George W. Childs," that ever was success- 
 fully used on the Delaware, and then added 
 the building of compound engines at his 
 works as a leading branch of his business. 
 In 1876 Mr. Dialogue received the contract 
 from the government to reconstruct the 
 United States frigate " Constitution," familiar 
 to the annals of American history, and in 
 
384 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 1884 built the United States steamer "Mad- 
 rono " for the Light-House Board, for ser- 
 vice at San Francisco. In the mean time he 
 built a number of smaller vessels, mostly of 
 iron, for Mexico, South America and various 
 cities of the Union. His build of vessels may 
 be seen in the harbors of Galveston, ISTew 
 Orleans, Mobile, Pensacola, Charleston, Bal- 
 timore, Philadelphia, New York, Boston and 
 Portland. 
 
 The number of men employed at these 
 works varies from two hundred to eight 
 hundred. The entire area of the ship-yards 
 is thirty-four acres, with two thousand feet 
 of river-front and twenty-eight feet depth of 
 water at the wharf. The large business here 
 done required the erection of costly buildings, 
 wharfing and filling in of the river-front, 
 together with the outlay of many thousands 
 of dollars in the purchase of machinery. 
 The various departments are the main build- 
 ing, used as the engine machine shop and 
 boiler works, four hundred and fifty feet in 
 length ; the foundry, eighty-four by one 
 hundred feet ; the steam forge, one hundred 
 by sixty feet ; the iron ship yard shop, two 
 hundred and sixty by fifty feet (destroyed by 
 the cyclone in 1885 and the same year re- 
 built) ; the joiner shop, sixty by forty-five 
 feet, and two stories high ; pattern shop, sixty 
 by thirty-five feet, and two stories high ; the 
 mould loft building, one hundred and sixty 
 by forty feet, and two stories high ; and the 
 office, forty feet square. 
 
 John H. Dialogue, the originator and pro- 
 prietor of so valuable an industry to the city 
 of Camden, was born in Philadelphia May 
 13, 1828, and is of French-German ances- 
 try. His father, Adam Dialogue, was the 
 inventor and first manufacturer of the leath- 
 er-riveted hose used for extinguishing fires. 
 He had his factory in North Street, between 
 Fifth and Sixth, Philadelphia, and there did 
 a flourishing business until his death, in 
 1840, when it was continued by a brother. 
 The son, John H. Dialogue, who lost his 
 
 mother when he was eight years old and his 
 father when but twelve, lived afterward with 
 his uncle. He attended the Central High 
 School of Philadelphia, then held in a build- 
 ing on the site of John Wanamaker's large 
 store on Market Street, under the principal- 
 ship of the learned educator, Alexander Dal- 
 las Bache, and was graduated in 1846, after 
 pursuing a four years' course. Having then 
 obtained a good education, he learned the 
 trade of a machinist with his uncle. During 
 the spare hours of the evening he educated 
 himself as a draughtsman, and in 1850, when 
 but twenty-two years old, moved to Camden 
 and then began his prosperous business ca- 
 reer. Mr. Dialogue is a gentleman of plain 
 and unassuming manners, and social in his 
 relations with his fellow-men, and careful and 
 thorough in his business relation. He won 
 his success by his own inherent energy, close 
 application and undaunted perseverance. Be- 
 ing a ship-builder and the proprietor of one 
 of the four largest ship-building establish- 
 ments in America engaged in the construc- 
 tion of iron ships, and the only one in the 
 State of New Jersey, he has made the subject 
 of American commerce and our ship-building 
 interests a careful study. He has broad and 
 liberal views on national questions, is opposed 
 to free ships and free trade, but persistent in 
 advocating the American policy of protection, 
 and at this time, when foreign powers are 
 largely in possession of the carrying trade, is 
 firm in the opposition to the free ship policy 
 of some of our American statesmen. 
 
 During his long residence in Camden, Mr. 
 Dialogue has always manifested a great inter- 
 est in the growth and development of the 
 city and has frequently been elected to offi- 
 cial positions. In 1875 he was elected a 
 member of the Board of Education from the 
 Sixth Ward of Camden, and was twice re- 
 elected, serving three consecutive terms of 
 two years each. While a member of that 
 body he showed great practical forethought 
 by advocating the erection of two-story 
 
^/^,^^^^^^L^A?^^^ 
 
AGRICULTURE. 
 
 385 
 
 buildings for school purposes instead of high- 
 er ones, and was chairman of a committee 
 while superintending the erection of three 
 such buildings. In 1878, while yet a mem- 
 ber of the Board of Education, he was elect- 
 ed to the City Council, was re-elected in 
 1881 aud 1884, and, during the year 1883, 
 was president of that body. In every posi- 
 tion he thus filled he has been an energetic ad- 
 vocate of all laudable and economical meas- 
 ures. 
 
 In politics he is a Democrat, and in 1880 
 was chosen by the Democratic party one of 
 the electors-at-large on the Hancock and 
 English Presidential ticket, and at the meet- 
 ing in Trenton he was chosen president of 
 the Electoral College. In 1881 he was nomi- 
 nated as the Democratic candidate for State 
 Senator for the Camden County District, 
 which, though largely Republican, gave him 
 an encouraging vote. Mr. Dialogue was 
 married, in the year 1850, to Mary Easby, of 
 Philadelphia, who died in 1882. He has 
 one son — John H. — engaged with his father 
 in business, and three daughters — Adelaide, 
 Stella and Lillie. 
 
 Poet of Camden. — The Port of Camden 
 was established in 1834 and was attached 
 to the Bridgeton Collection District, witli a 
 surveyor residing at Camden. Morris Crox- 
 all, the lawyer, and afterwards prosecutor of 
 the pleas, was the first surveyor, and had 
 his office on Arch Street, above Second. He 
 held the position but a year, when he was 
 succeeded by Isaac Bullock, the noted school- 
 teacher, who filled a term of four years, 
 when Morris Croxall was again appointed 
 and acted for two years. Philip J. Grey, the 
 journalist, was made surveyor under Presi- 
 dent Harrison, attending to the duties in the 
 office of his paper, the West Jerseyman, but 
 only for two years, when he was succeeded by 
 Charles S. Garrett, afterwards sheriff. He 
 was a harness-raaker and the surveyor's of- 
 fice was at his store, on Federal Street, be- 
 low Second. 
 
 Philip J. Grey was again made surveyor 
 of the port, under President Taylor, for four 
 years, Isaac W. Mickle, the Mexican War 
 veteran, being his successor, and the office, 
 for a portion of his five years' service, was 
 in the Camden Democrat office. Thomas 
 B. Atkinson, the builder, who was after- 
 wards mayor, was appointed in 1858, and 
 held the office until Sylvester Birdsell was 
 appointed, in 1861, by President Lincoln, 
 aud located the office at Fourth and Walnut 
 Streets. 
 
 In 1867 Camden was taken from the 
 Bridgeton District and attached to the Phila- 
 delphia District, with Philip J. Grey as as- 
 sistant collector. He held the position until 
 his death, in 1875, when William P. Robe- 
 son, brother of Hon. George M. Robeson, 
 then Secretary of the Navy, was appointed, 
 and, upon his death, in 1881, David S. 
 Heyl succeeded. Hon. George D. Borton, 
 the present incumbent, received his commis- 
 sion in 1886. The office, for many years, 
 has been at 211 J Market Street. 
 
 These have been surveyors of the port, — 
 
 1834. Morris Croxall. 
 
 1835. Isaac Bullock. 
 1839. Morris Croxall. 
 1841. Philip J. Grey. 
 1843. Chaa. S. Garrett. 
 
 1849. Philip J. Grey. 
 1853. Isaac W. Mickle. 
 1858. T. B. Atkinson. 
 1861. Sylv. Birdsell. 
 
 ASSISTANT COLLECTORS. 
 
 1867. Philip J. Grey. 1881. David S. Heyl. 
 
 1875. W. B. Eobeson. 1886. Geo. B. Borton. 
 
 The last two incumbents are the only sur- 
 vivors. 
 
 CHAPTER XX. 
 
 AGRICULTURE. 
 
 Agriculture, as understood and practiced 
 by the old folks hereabouts, would, in the 
 present time of progress and improvement, 
 be looked upon as one of the lost arts. Ro- 
 tation in crops was the rule, that being rye 
 and corn and corn and rye. When the 
 
386 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 strength of the soil was nearly exhausted by 
 many crops, another field 'would be cleared of 
 the timber and on it the same rotation re- 
 peated. The farmer who planted more than 
 half an acre of potatoes or raised more than 
 a small patch of cabbage was sure one-half 
 his crop would go to waste. Meadow land 
 was depended on for hay and the swamps 
 looked to for pasture. Shelter and warmth 
 were not thought of for stock and the cattle 
 were dwarfed, poor and breachy. In " good 
 old times " farmers had much leisure and the 
 winters were spent in fox-hunting, sleigh- 
 riding and visiting friends. The spring 
 crops did not hurry them and for the autumn 
 work they made no haste. The forest and 
 streams furnished much of the food, the tim- 
 ber the home supplies, and what care had 
 they for the future. The use of fertilizers 
 was not thought of, book farming was a re- 
 proach and the use of machinery laughed at. 
 
 As time progressed, Philadelphia began to 
 assume the proportions of a city and required 
 increased supplies to feed its inhabitants ; 
 farmers then obtained some profits coming 
 out of the soil. Although the number of 
 acres of tillable land was not materially in- 
 creased, yet crops were made more productive 
 by more care in farming and the application 
 of manures .to the land. The progress was 
 slow and it was necessity or accident that in- 
 duced advancement in modes of agriculture. 
 
 The following story will illustrate this 
 statement : Anthony Warrich, a farmer near 
 Chews Landing, owned large tracts of timber 
 land and sent cord-wood and lumber to the 
 Philadelphia market from his landing at the 
 head of navigation on the north branch of 
 Timber Creek. A brickmaker of the city, 
 with whom he dealt, offered to load, free of 
 cost, one of his vessels with wood ashes if the 
 farmer would take them away from incum- 
 brancing his brick yard. The farmer finally 
 consented and the ashes were landed on his 
 wharf, and his sons hauled this valuable 
 fertilizer to a field where it was spread on 
 
 laud on which corn was to be planted. The 
 effect it produced on the crop was magical 
 and people came from far and near to see the 
 result; for as much corn was raised by that 
 process on five acres thus fertilized as prev- 
 iously had grown on twenty acres of the 
 same kind of land. The brick-makers, 
 brewei-s and foundry men had no trouble 
 thereafter in disposing of this heretofore 
 troublesome commodity, and, in fact, soon be- 
 gan to reap a revenue from it. 
 
 This is but one of the many traditions 
 hanging about this important industry of 
 early days, and fairly illustrates the hesitancy 
 with which this class of men moved. Wood- 
 en plows and brush harrows, with clumsy 
 and ill-contrived tools, were put in the hands 
 of laborers. But little care was taken in re- 
 lation to seeds, and choice fruits or vegetables 
 were seldom to be seen. 
 
 The discovery and use of marl as a fertil- 
 izer certainly advanced husbandry in New 
 Jersey more than any other means of im- 
 proving the soil. Inexpensive and simple in 
 its use, it came within the reach of all. If 
 spread upon the most impoverished land, 
 white clover will follow Indian grass and the 
 product of an ordinary pasture will be large- 
 ly increased where it is used. It is suitable 
 to almost any crop and adapted to almost 
 every kind of land. It needs no preparaiion, 
 but can be taken from the pit and applied at 
 once, and when these advantages appeared, 
 farmers found winter work for their men and 
 teams. The immediate outlay of money is 
 so small and the return so quick that the 
 land within and near the marl belt of New 
 Jersey soon increased in value and product- 
 iveness. 
 
 Of later years farmers are of opinion that 
 its good effect is partially lost by continued 
 use and in some sections much less is applied 
 than formerly. The use of stone, oyster- 
 shell and gas lime has been of great advant- 
 age and are extensively used as fertilizers. 
 The opportunities for obtaining these have so 
 
AGRICULTURE. 
 
 387 
 
 much improved of late years that much greater 
 quantities are used than formerly. Patent 
 fertilizers, like patent medicines, have found 
 purchasers in all section of the country and 
 many people have been defrauded thereby. 
 Some are of much value, but the State Experi- 
 mental Commission, which now makes a 
 thorough analysis of such articles upon the 
 market, publishes quarterly reports of the 
 same. Credulous persons will, however, be 
 found in every community and generally fall 
 victims to such frauds, however much they 
 may be cautioned against them. 
 
 The necessity for using meadow or tide 
 marsh land to procure hay is shown in the 
 location of one hundred acres at the mouth 
 of Little Newton Creek (Kaighn' Run) by 
 the settlers at Newton, immediately upon 
 their arrival. This was divided among them, 
 and March 11, 1714, the Legislature passed 
 an act to " enable the owners of the meadow 
 adjoining to the lands of Sarah Mickle, John 
 Dale, John Kaighn and Tobias Griscom, ad- 
 jacent to the Delaware River in the township 
 of Newton, to stop the tide from overflowing." 
 This act was to allow a dam, with tide sluices 
 and gates, to be built at the mouth of Kaighn' 
 Run, the better to protect the meadow and 
 grass crop from the tide, and was the first law 
 made to that end in this part of New Jersey. 
 The navigable streams were banked along 
 the sides with tide sluices and gates at proper 
 intervals, with large open ditches leading to 
 them. 
 
 December 5, 1760, an act was passed to 
 "enable the owners of meadow on Little 
 Timber Creek to support a bank or dam, 
 lately erected across the creek in order to 
 prevent the tide from overflowing," etc. 
 March 10, 1762, an act was passed for the 
 relief of meadow owners on a branch of 
 Newton Creek, called Back Creek (in New- 
 ton township), and June 20, 1765, an act was 
 passed to allow the owners of meadows at the 
 head of Newton Creek to maintain a bank 
 and other water-works heretofore erected and 
 
 made across the creek (Atmore's Dam), each 
 of which laws were to protect the owners of 
 meadow or grass lands. 
 
 December 21, 1771, an act was passed to 
 raise and keep the road across Newton Creek 
 meadows from William Garrard's toll-house 
 to Keziah Tomkins' fast lands. This was 
 done on petition of Thomas Atmore, Isaac 
 Burroughs, Benjamin Thackara, Jacob Stokes, 
 Hannah Cooper, Keziah Tomkins, Elizabeth 
 Thackara and Job Haines, who were the 
 owners of meadow on the easterly side of the 
 creek. 
 
 After some effort an act was passed, No- 
 vember 20, 1786, allowing the owners of 
 meadow on Newton Creek and its several 
 branches to erect and maintain a dam and 
 water-works across the mouth of the same at 
 the river. This avoided the expense attendant 
 on keeping up the several dams before named, 
 and secured all the marsh land on the creek 
 from the overflow of the tide. April 6, 1867, 
 a supplement was passed to enable owners of 
 meadow on that stream to improve the same. 
 This did not accomplish the purposes intended, 
 and March 27, 1872, another amendment was 
 passed allowing the dam to be cut and the 
 tides to ebb and flow. Some defect in the 
 position of the sluices and gates prevented 
 the outflow of the water from the inside, which 
 accumulated from the springs and rains, and 
 which made the neighborhood unhealthy and 
 affected the value of real estate. A dam was 
 erected across the mouth of the south branch 
 of Pensaukin Creek by act of December 6, 
 1775, for the purposes before named. Great 
 Timber Creek being a navigable stream, was 
 banked on both sides, from the mouth 
 nearly to the head of navigation on each 
 branch, but this appears to have been done 
 by individual shore-owners and without any. 
 enabling act. 
 
 The owners of marsh on Coopers Creek, 
 it being a navigable stream, also reclaimed it ■ 
 in the same manner, and much valuable pas- 
 ture land on each of these streams is still 
 
388 
 
 HISTOKY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 protected from the tide. This proves con- 
 clusively that no attention had been paid, 
 until near the close of the last century, to 
 the cultivation of the upland or artificial 
 grasses, and that all depended upon the ruarsh 
 lands within reach of the tide for their hay. 
 Farmers, long distances from their meadows, 
 and at great cost and labor, thus obtained 
 their winter supply, which at best was scanty 
 and often of poor quality. The growers of 
 early vegetables for the Philadelphia markets, 
 and who utilized the light sandy soil, were 
 not slow to notice the advantage of manures 
 in forwarding their crops, and soon grew ex- 
 travagant in their use, but made it profitable. 
 About the beginning of the present century 
 notice was taken of marl and land plaster, and 
 some farmers ventured to sow small breadths 
 of clover, herd-grass and timothy seed. 
 
 This was watched with much interest by 
 all neighboring agriculturists, with the hope 
 that their cattle could be fed at much less 
 cost and trouble than attended the securing of 
 the meadow crop. John Gill, Joseph M. 
 Hinchman, Joseph Kay, Samuel Nicholson 
 and a few others made this risk, but the ex- 
 periment at once dissolved all doubt in this 
 direction, and meadow land began to lose its 
 importance and decrease in value. 
 
 At once the benefit was recognized and the 
 next year every farmer — except those whose 
 meadow land adjoined their farms — sowed 
 grass seed with his winter grain. 
 
 About this time an attempt was made to 
 utilize iron instead of wood for plows. It 
 was a crude idea, for the land side mould- 
 board and shear were cast in a solid piece, 
 making it so heavy it could not be handled. 
 It went, however, to prove one thing — that 
 the clay soils slipped from it much better 
 than from wood. Soon the pieces were cast 
 separately and the "Peacock plow" was the 
 first iron one that found favor among the 
 farmers. Improvements in other like im- 
 plements followed, and cultivators, spike-har- 
 rows and gang-plows came into use. 
 
 The harvest in the olden time was the 
 event of the agricultural year, and brought 
 together nearly all the able-bodied men and 
 boys and apprentices of the neighborhood. 
 The sickle was the only implement used and 
 all were expected to know how to " reap and 
 bind," that the grain in sheaves might be 
 ready for the carriers and shockers. One of 
 the oldest and steadiest of the men would be 
 selected as leader and his orders were ob- 
 served. Young men would sometimes wish 
 to test their skill and speed, and would not 
 " cut in " ahead of the man on the lead, but 
 if the work was badly done or disputes arose 
 as to place, a word from the leader settled all. 
 Sometimes among the farmers twenty or 
 thirty reapers could be seen crossing a field 
 of ripened grain and each carrying his 
 "ridge " which was an attractive sight. 
 
 About ten o'clock the good wife and her 
 daughters could be seen waiting under some 
 convenient shade to dispense the lunch of hot 
 biscuits and cool drink — which was enjoyed 
 by all. Dinner would be announced by the 
 tin horn or conch-shell, which was always a 
 good meal with an hour's rest thereafter. 
 Four o'clock brought another lunch like that 
 of the morning and was acceptable to the 
 now weary harvesters, and as a day's work 
 was from " sun to sun," there were several 
 hours yet before the task was ended. Supper 
 over, the traditional darkey fiddler would 
 be pressed into service, the barn-floor cleared 
 and straight fours, hornpipes and double 
 shuffles indulged in, much to the pleasure of 
 the lads and lassies who joined the dance. 
 
 The indentured apprentices, who, by their 
 papers, were entitled to two " week's harvest" 
 were always largely represented on these oc- 
 casions, and made for themselves pocket- 
 money for the coming year. Nearly all the 
 mechanical operations in the villages would 
 be suspended for this week, and the man who 
 wanted his horse shod, his wagon mended or 
 his shoe patched must ask it as a favor and 
 not demand it as a right. The cradle gradu- 
 
AGRICULTURE. 
 
 389 
 
 ally took the place of the sickle as a more 
 rapid means of cutting the grain, and at last 
 the occupation of the reaper was gone and 
 the days of the harvest, with its jokes, its 
 lunch and its dance, were almost forgotten. 
 
 The wooden flail for threshing grain held 
 its place for many years and made winter 
 work for the man who looked after the cattle 
 and did chores for the family, and our 
 grandfathers winnowed the grain by the use 
 of a barn shovel and trusted to a favorable 
 breeze to carry away the chaff, which re- 
 quired both patience and endurance to ac- 
 complish. At last rude fan-mills made their 
 appearance and one of these would accommo- 
 date a neighborhood. Now the steam thresher 
 does it all and the sound of the flail may 
 never again be heard. 
 
 The grass was cut with scythes, spread 
 with forks and gathered with rakes, taking 
 about two days to prepare it for the mow. 
 The whole process was by hand, and if the 
 crop was clover and it happened to rain, 
 there was little but stems when in the barn, 
 for the frequent handling wasted the head 
 and blossom. The first break in this system 
 was the revolving horse-rake. Farmers were 
 slow to accept its use or acknowledge its mer- 
 its. " It picks up all the sticks and stones 
 with the grass and I don't want it," says an 
 old farmer sitting on the fence watching it 
 work. " It rolls and wads the hay so you 
 can't get it apart;" says another near by and 
 who refused to be convinced. These and 
 other objections were lost sight of when its 
 labor-saving advantages were considered, and 
 soon one, if not two, of them could be seen 
 on every plantation. 
 
 The grain and seed-drill has supplanted 
 the sower, the plow and the harrow, the com- 
 bined reaper and binder, the mower, rake and 
 fork ; each worked by horses have crowded 
 out the primitive appliances formerly used. 
 
 And the farmer's wife is entitled to a place 
 here as well. With everything as primitive 
 as the implements of her husband, her brain 
 46 
 
 and energies were often sadly taxed as to how 
 she could get on with her work. The kitchen 
 was the largest apartment in the house, and 
 used for an eating, sitting, and cooking-room. 
 The broad, open fire-place was where she was 
 exposed to the heat, and also the strong cur- 
 rent of cold air constantly rushing up the 
 chimney, when preparing meals. The crane, 
 the trammels, the huge pots and the griddle 
 and gridiron were ever present, testing her 
 strength and patience at every step. The 
 array of pewter plates, bowls and mugs that 
 adorned the dresser or high wooden mantel 
 (being part of her wedding outfit) had to be 
 cleaned and burnished as occasion required, 
 while the uncarpeted floors and unpainted 
 chairs and tables must receive a certain 
 amount of labor each week to make them 
 presentable to her family and neighbors. 
 
 The care of the dairy and its products, as 
 well as the poultry, fell to the females. The 
 washing, ironing and mending for the family 
 (the hired help included) was a weekly or- 
 deal ; not to mention the baking, sweeping 
 and scrubbing, — all this without cook-stoves 
 or ranges, without washing-machines or 
 wringers, without patent -churns, butter-trays 
 or any other labor-saving appliances. The 
 flax was to be broken and swingled ; the wool 
 was to be cleaned, carded and prepared for 
 the loom, and the hum of the wheel told 
 that the mother and daughters were busy 
 during the long winter evenings, and doing 
 their work by the light of the pine-knots 
 burning on the hearth. This picture is with- 
 out romance or coloring, and she who took 
 upon herself the duties of matron accepted a 
 situation unknown in these days of the di- 
 visions of labor and the intelligent applica- 
 tion of machinery. 
 
 • It is needless to speculate as to the devel- 
 opment of fruit and berry-growing in this 
 section . With hundreds of acres yet unto uched, 
 so well adapted to these purposes, a few more 
 decades, and that which is now forest and 
 swamp may be made to yield its abundance. 
 
390 
 
 HISTORY O'k CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 through the' industry of a teeming popula- 
 tion. Many can remember when strawber- 
 ries were a garden luxury, and the brier-hook 
 of the farmer was ever ready to destroy the 
 blackberry and dewberry vines that crowded 
 his fences, when cranberry culture had not 
 been thought of, and many other like growths 
 received no attention. 
 
 Developments are constantly being made 
 in our country which aid the farmer in selling 
 the produce of his land, and invite him to in- 
 crease his acres of cultivated soil. They give 
 employment to people in manufacturing, min- 
 ing and transportation, the building of rail- 
 roads and canals, and the increase of foreign 
 trade by shipping. None of the people so em- 
 ployed produce anything for themselves or 
 their families to eat; hence the earth with the 
 fullness thereof, through the industry of the 
 husbandman, supplies their wants. The im- 
 provement in the breed of horses, of cattle, of 
 swine and of poultry has not been overlooked, 
 and he is the exception who has no Jersey 
 cattle in his pastures, no Chester Whites or 
 Jersey Reds in his pens, no choice stock of 
 colts in his stalls nor any Plymouth Rocks 
 or Wyandotts in his hennery. 
 
 And other things have kept in the line of 
 improvements. Dwellings are more conve- 
 nient and comfortable, barns are larger and 
 better arranged, and labor-saving utensils 
 may be found in every department. 
 
 The Federal and State governments have 
 come to appreciate agriculture. Chemistry 
 has been invoked and attention given to the 
 best means of increasing crops. The State 
 Board of Agriculture annually brings togeth- 
 er the progressive farmers, and the Legislature, 
 with commendable liberality, seconds every 
 effort to advance these objects. The husband- 
 man has now taken his true position in the 
 community ; he knows that the wealth of the 
 nations comes out of the land, and that he con- 
 tributes largely to that end ; that his calling 
 commands respect and that the produce of his 
 broad acres finds a place in every family. 
 
 A New Eka. — The greatest stride in 
 agricultural advancement has probably been 
 developed within the last quarter of a cen- 
 tury; not alone in improved implements 
 of husbandry, but in the variety and methods 
 of cultivating the crops. The outbreak of 
 the War of the Rebellion cut off all com- 
 petition from the South, and the result of 
 this and the demands of an enormous army 
 stimulated the prices of farm products in 
 this county to a wonderful extent; potatoes 
 sold readily at a dollar per five-eighths 
 bushel. Corn brought from eighty cents 
 to one dollar and a half per bushel, oats 
 eighty cents to one dollar per bushel, rye 
 an equal price, and wheat, about the close 
 of the war, brought three dollars per bushel. 
 Strawberries sold at from ten to thirty cents 
 per quart, blackberries twelve to fifteen cents 
 per quart, raspberries eight to ten cents per pint, 
 grapes eight to ten cents per pound, and all 
 other products at equally remunerative prices, 
 and as a result, farm land rapidly increased in 
 value, the best lands readily selling at from 
 one hundred and fifty to two hundred dollars 
 per acre, The value of all kinds of fertilizers 
 correspondingly increased; stable manure in 
 Philadelphia sold on the wharves at one dol- 
 lar and fifty cents per small cart-load. It 
 was loaded upon canal-boats, flats and schoon- 
 ers and sent up all the navigable streams to 
 various landings. Farmers increased their 
 areas of cultivated land, and applied manures 
 and fertilizers unsparingly. Peruvian guano, 
 being considered the best commercial fertil- 
 izer, sold at one hundred dollars per ton. 
 Hay and straw brought prices varying from 
 one dollar to two dollars and a half per hun- 
 dred-weight. During such a period farmers 
 became wide awake and progressive. New 
 fruits were rapidly introduced. The first 
 great acquisition was the Hovey strawberry 
 introdiiced by C- M. Hovey, of Boston, and 
 was the pioneer of the strawberry culture of 
 to-day ; this was rapidly followed by other 
 varieties, until the varieties are now over one 
 
AGRICULTURE. 
 
 391 
 
 hundred, and embrace all kinds and shapes 
 of berries. Those varieties most popular at 
 present are the Sharpless, Crescent, Miners, 
 Downing and Mount Vernon, although many 
 others are cultivated profitably. The season 
 of 1886 has been one unusually favorable 
 to the growth of the strawberry, and large 
 crops have been gathered. Probably the 
 largest crop by an individual grower in this 
 county was a yield of sixty-eight thousand 
 quarts on fourteen acres, grown by Ezra C. 
 Bell, of Mount Ephraim. This yield has fre- 
 quently been excelled by growers of one or two 
 acres, and Friend Bell has exceeded it, on ten 
 acres two years previously. The large crop of 
 this fruit caused a series of extremely low prices, 
 thousands of quarts selling below the cost of 
 picking, which fact has discouraged many 
 growers to abandon their plants and turn 
 their attention to other crops. The cultiva- 
 tion of the blackberry began to assume im- 
 portance about the same time as the straw- 
 berry, and acquired considerable success, 
 and is still cultivated, but is not as profitable 
 as formerly, the Wilson Early being the most 
 noteworthy. The best yield in the county 
 was that raised by John S. Collins, on the 
 Benjamin Horner farm, a little north of and 
 adjoining the borough of Merchantville, in 
 the year 1872 ; he raised and sold one hun- 
 dred and ninety-two thousand quarts on sev- 
 enty-five acres, which were sold for the sum 
 of twenty-two thousand one hundred and two 
 dollars. The variety was the Wilson Early. 
 Raspberries also came into profitable cul- 
 tivation, the Philadelphia being the most 
 profitable, although its honors have been 
 closely contested by the Brandywine, Cuth- 
 bert or Queen of the Market, Early Prolific, 
 Reliance and others. Joshua Barton, of 
 Berlin, in 1884, raised on two acres three 
 thousand two hundred and forty-one and 
 a half quarts of Queen of the Market rasp- 
 berries, not including those consumed at 
 home. Grapes also attracted their full share 
 of attention, and many large yields and profit- 
 
 able returns have been obtained. In 1885 
 the crop of John W. Potts, of Stockton 
 township, a little northeast of Merchantville 
 borough, on five acres was a little over 
 fifteen tons of grapes. While these results 
 in small fruits were obtained, the grain and 
 truck farmers were not idle. Large crops of 
 all kinds of vegetables are yearly reported. 
 Joel Clement, of Stockton, raised twelve 
 hundred and eighty-five baskets (five-eighths 
 bushel) of peppers on one acre, which sold 
 for two hundred and twenty-five dollars. 
 Jesse L. Anderson, of Ellisburg, a few years 
 ago had a remarkable yield of sweet potatoes. 
 David Roe, of Haddonfield, has at diflferent 
 times raised very productive crops of cab- 
 bages. 
 
 Edward W. Coffin, 1885, on two and 
 seven-eighth acres raised three thousand 
 bushels of tomatoes of five-eighth bushel 
 each and weighing thirty-nine pounds per 
 basket, equal to forty thousand six hundred 
 and ninety-six pounds per acre. He also 
 raised on four and seven-eighth acres thirty- 
 nine thousand six hundred pounds of hay. 
 Joseph Errickson, of Delaware township, 
 raised in 1885 eight hundred and forty bushels 
 of tomatoes on one acre ; John D. Glover, of 
 Mount Ephraim, four hundred and eighty- 
 six bushels of wheat on seventeen acres; 
 Joseph C. Hollinshead, of Haddon township, 
 raised twenty-five tons of mangel-wurzel 
 beets on one and a half acres. Joel Clement, 
 of Stockton township, near the Bethel Church, 
 raised in 1885, on a little less than a quarter of 
 an acre, eleven hundred baskets (five-eighths 
 bushel) of squashes, which sold for one hun- 
 dred and eighty-five dollars ; and from a little 
 less than one and one-half acres of cabbage two 
 hundred and three dollars was realized ; from 
 one and a half acres of late tomatoes two hun- 
 dred and twelve dollars was realized. Many 
 of these yields and prices have no doubt been 
 exceeded, but enough has been mentioned to 
 give an idea of the crops produced under the 
 advanced system of agriculture. 
 
392 
 
 HISTOEY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 While these changes have been going on 
 in the rotation of crops and the cultivation 
 of the soil, the condition of the agticulturist 
 has also assumed a more elevated position 
 in all that concerns the conveniences of 
 husbandry and the drudgery of the farmers' 
 wives, although the relief of the latter has 
 not reached that position to which she is 
 justly entitled. It is true that the spinning- 
 wheel and distaff have been discarded, and 
 the huge fire-places, with their cumbersome 
 crane and pots and kettles, have been suc- 
 ceeded by the cook-stove and range, the bare 
 floors are carpeted, and the plumber's art 
 frequently called in to locate the bath-tub, 
 and hot and cold water arrangements, the 
 dairyman succeeds the dairy-maid with the 
 milk pail, the washing, ironing and mend- 
 ing for the hired men employed on the farm 
 is a thing of the past, the sitting-room and 
 parlor are furnished in the latest styles of 
 furniture, and adorned with many handsome 
 ornaments, and frequently the chandelier is 
 found in its graceful proportions hanging 
 from the ceiling, yet the system of farmers 
 boarding and lodging their field hands is still 
 in vogue, although the practice of providing 
 convenient and comfortable residences for 
 the employees of the farm, and the men board- 
 ing themselves, is being successfully tried 
 among the more aifiuent farmers. The 
 system is far from being general, although 
 it is not venturing much to say that within 
 the next score of years it will be as un- 
 common an occurrence to find a farmer board- 
 ing his help as it is to-day to find one wash- 
 ing and mending for them. The day is also 
 not far distant when butter-making, except 
 in large dairies, will also be seldom done 
 upon the farm. The milk or cream will be 
 sent to a creamery and the farmer charged a 
 percentage for the manufacture of the pro- 
 duct into butter. But to forecast the events 
 that are sure to supplant the methods of 
 to-day is to venture on unknown grounds. 
 Certain it is, however, that the wife of the 
 
 agriculturist of Camden County is destined to 
 be relieved from much of the slavery that now 
 besets her life, and to enjoy an existence as 
 free from vexatious toil as her city neighbor. 
 
 After reviewing the past and noting the 
 continued advance in agricultural pursuits, it 
 is impossible to predict the future of the 
 husbandman of this' county. 
 
 The importance of a unity of action in 
 many cases necessitated the formation of a 
 Farmers' Association, which was first organ- 
 ized at Ellisburg in 1872, and afterwards 
 removed to Haddonfield, where it entered on 
 a quiet but steady career of usefulness, the 
 effects and advantages of which are manifold. 
 Aside from the discussions at the meetings, 
 many important actions were taken to relieve 
 the farmers of impositions practiced upon 
 them. For several years exhibitions of 
 cereal products and poultry were yearly held 
 in the Town Hall at Haddonfield, where 
 poultry for breeding purposes was sold and 
 exchanged. The energies of the association 
 were largely curtailed by the Grange move- 
 ment, which reached this county in 1874. 
 Yet, notwithstanding the absorption of its 
 members in the Grange organizations, the 
 association maintained its organization and 
 membership in the State Board, and, aided 
 largely by its influence, is reorganizing the 
 State Board of Agriculture, and placing 
 that body upon its present influential posi- 
 tion. One of the original members of the 
 association is at this time president of the 
 New Jersey State Board of Agriculture. 
 The officers of the association are as follows : 
 President, Edward Burrough ; Vice-Presi- 
 dent, Edward S. Huston ; Recording Secre- 
 tary, George T. Haines ; Corresponding Secre- 
 tary, Edward Burrough ; Treasurer and 
 Librarian, Jacob S. Coles ; Executive Com- 
 mittee, Isaac W. Coles, Ezra C. Bell, Rich- 
 ard Levis Shivers, Nathaniel Barton and 
 Samuel Wood. 
 
 In accordance with the provisions of the 
 law authorizing the creation of County Boards 
 
AGRICULTURE. 
 
 393 
 
 of Agriculture, the Cauiden County Board of 
 Agriculture was formed, and althougli yet in 
 its infancy, gives promise of being a useful 
 element, through which the farmers of the 
 county can unite upon any measure tending 
 to advance their interest. The present offi- 
 cers are as follows : President, Ezra C. Bell ; 
 Vice-President, Edward S. Huston ; Record- 
 ing Secretary, George T. Haines ; Correspond- 
 ing Secretary, Nathaniel Barton ; Treasurer, 
 Jacob Stokes Coles ; Directors, Theodore 
 Heider, Edward Burrough and Amos Ebei-t ; 
 Delegates to the State Board of Agriculture, 
 Edward Burrough and Edward S. Huston. 
 
 Camden Couxty Pomona Geange. — 
 This organization was established Septem- 
 ber 6, 1877, in Clement's Hall, at Haddon- 
 field, by the action of the Union Grange, at 
 Meohanicsville, Haddon Grange, of Haddon- 
 field, Blackwood Grange, of Blackwood, and 
 Hammonton Grange, of Atlantic County. 
 Meetings are held at the hall of Haddon 
 Grange, Haddonfield. Isaac Nicholson was 
 elected Master, and served until 1880, when 
 he was succeeded by Theodore Hyder, of 
 Blackwood, who still presides. R. J. Bynes 
 was chosen secretary at the organization and 
 served until 1880, when he was succeeded by 
 R. L. Shivei-s, who served one year and was 
 followed by the present secretary, George T. 
 Haines. 
 
 Ezra C. Bell, one of the successful ag- 
 riculturists of Camden County, is a descend- 
 ant of Heiuy Bell, one of the Friends who 
 came to Montgomery County, Pa., in the 
 last decade of the seventeenth century, and 
 settled on lands he purchased of William 
 Penn. His son John, born in 1721, mar- 
 ried Hannah Reese, and to them there was a 
 son born in 1749, whom they named Jona- 
 than. This son married Mary Stroud, and 
 had two children, — James and Isaiah, the 
 last-named of whom married Catharine 
 Hughes, and died in 1849, aged seventy- 
 eight years, having nine children, the 
 second child, named Hughes, marrying Sarah 
 
 Comfort, daughter of Ezra and Margaret 
 (Shomaker) Comfort. Hughes Bell for nine 
 years managed the farm attached to the 
 Westtown Boarding-School of Friends, and 
 in 1847 purchased two hundred and forty 
 acres of land in Union (now Centre) town- 
 ship, Camden County. This was formerly 
 known as the Joseph Tomlinson property, 
 originally located by Joseph Hugg. Part of 
 this land was in timber and the remainder 
 in an impoverished and much neglected farm, 
 and, but for a tract of banked meadow on 
 Great Timber Creek, there would have been 
 no hay for winter's use. At that time his fam- 
 ily consisted of his wife and five children, — 
 Chalkley, Charles, Mary, Ezra C, and James. 
 Soon a change was apparent, and by judicious 
 cropping the soil advanced rapidly in fertility. 
 Hughes Bell was among the first in this 
 section to cut and stack his corn before husk- 
 ing, thus saving the fodder from winds and 
 rain. The objection of " costing too much," 
 as argued among farmers, soon vanished and 
 the system was in a few years almost uni- 
 versally adopted. His sons used the first 
 mowing-machine hereabouts, and althougli 
 cumbersome and defective in many parts, 
 was the beginning of a new era in hay-mak- 
 ing for all. Hughes Bell died in 1857 and 
 his sous became the possessors of his lauded 
 estate and pursued the same intelligent system 
 of agriculture, taking advantage of the use 
 of machinery and the application of fertilizers. 
 The land which came to Ezra C. Bell was 
 the purchased tract of seventy-one acres and 
 part of the original tract. ]\Iuch of this 
 land was yet unbroken and some of it 
 difficult to clear. In utilizing a bed of 
 clay on the premises for brick and the man- 
 ufac^ture of tile, of which his present residence 
 was built in 1S5G, with which the farm is 
 underlaid, gradual inroads were made upon 
 the brush and stumps until some of the best 
 land was exposed to the sun and made ready 
 for use. The miles of tile which underlay 
 the soil render it now one of the most pro- 
 
394 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 ductive and easily worked farms to be found 
 in this county. Some of the moist soils are 
 especially adapted to the growth of straw- 
 berries and other small fruits, and have been 
 taken advantage of for such purposes. With 
 constant changes as to selected varieties, 
 seasonable care in tillage, the use of proper 
 stimulants and a near market, he has shown 
 what can be done in this direction, which has 
 induced others to the same endeavor. 
 
 With seven acres under strawberries in 
 1883, the yield was about fifty thousand 
 quarts, and gave employment to sixty pickers. 
 This is the result of experiment, observation 
 and experience, the selection of soil, of situ- 
 ation and of other minor details needful to 
 success. With the same attention given to 
 other crops, like results follow : the farmer 
 repaid and the products of the earth increased. 
 
 Ezra C. Bell is of that class of men who 
 strive to emulate each other in a friendlv 
 way, and assemble themselves together to 
 talk over their losses as well as their gains, 
 who regard education as applicable to farm- 
 ing as to mechanics, to merchandising as 
 to the arts or to the sciences ; that, although 
 the cold, the heat, the drought and the rains 
 have much to do with the success in crops, 
 yet good farn:ing in its broadest sense, in a 
 measure, overcomes all these, and is sure to 
 yield its reward. 
 
 In 1856 he married Esther E., daughter 
 of Reuben and Rachel Roberts. Their chil- 
 dren are John H., Edwin R., Margaret C. 
 and Caroline R. Bell. Esther deceased in 
 1877, and in 1883 he married Priscilla 
 Evans, widow of Joseph B. Evans, and 
 daughter of Zebedee and Elizabeth Haines. 
 Like his ancestors, he adheres to the religious 
 faith and doctrines of George Fox, and is a 
 useful man in his day and generation. Without 
 being a politician, he is a firm adherent to his 
 policy of what is best for the people, and he 
 does not avoid his duty as a good citizen, by 
 refusing to participate in township or county 
 afiairs. 
 
 John Ruddeeow was a leading agricul- 
 turist within the present limits of Stockton 
 township for half a century after the Revolu- 
 tionary War. He was the great-grandson of 
 John Rudderow, an English lawyer, crown 
 surveyor and adherent of the Established 
 Church. In 1680 he settled in Chester town- 
 ship, Burlington County, N. J., on a tract 
 of land he had located between the north and 
 south branches of Pensaukin Creek. He 
 was active in the affairs of the township, and 
 was known in the colony as a man of edu- 
 cation. He was contemporary with George 
 Keith, and influential among his adherents 
 in organizing St. Mary's Church at Coles- 
 town. The great-grandson, John, was born 
 at the old homestead February 17, 1759, but 
 his maternal grandfather, Thomas Spicer, 
 dying during his infancy, entailed him the 
 " Spicer tract," where Merchantville now 
 stands. His parents — William and Abigail 
 (Spicer) Rudderow — removed to what was 
 then, and for many years after, known as the 
 " Cherry-tree Tavern," which stood by the 
 road going from Burlington to Coopers Point, 
 near Merchantville. John Rudderow devoted 
 himself to agriculture, and was among the 
 first to introduce the culture of the peach and 
 tomato into West Jersey. In 1804 he built 
 his residence where is now the centre of 
 Merchantville, and resided there for many 
 years. November 16, 1812, Governor Aaron 
 Ogden tendered him the appointment of 
 a.ssociate judge of the several courts of Glou- 
 cester County, which he declined. His father 
 had been a warden of St. Mary's Church, at 
 Colestown, from its organization, in 1752, 
 and was succeeded by his son John, who held 
 the office until his death. He died May 1, 
 1840, leaving a large estate. 
 
 Edward Z. Collings, one of the success- 
 ful cranberry growers of West Jersey, is a lineal 
 descendant of Richard Collings, who married 
 Esther, daughter of Joseph, a grandson of 
 Robert Zane, Joseph Zane died in 1759, 
 and lefl the estate to his daughters — Esther 
 
OLD GRAVE-YARDS. 
 
 395 
 
 and Rhoda ; the last-named sold her interest 
 to Richard Collings in 1762, who then be- 
 came the owner of the original Robert Zane 
 survey. Richard Collings, who married 
 Esther Zane, had by her seven children, — 
 Abigail, Esther, Mary, Lydia, Richard, Ed- 
 ward Z. and Joseph (who were twins). Ed- 
 ward Z. was married to Sarah Thomas, of 
 Philadelphia. Their children were Rebecca, 
 who married Jonathan, father of E. C. 
 Knight; Elizabeth, who married John 
 Thackara, of Salem, N. J. ; Sarah, who be- 
 came the wife of Levi Judson, of New York ; 
 Isaac, who died young ; Edward Z. and 
 Joseph C. 
 
 E. Z. Collings was married to Elizabeth 
 H., daughter of Amos and Ann Cox, who 
 was the daughter of William Zane, of Chews 
 Landing. His family were Rachel (wife of 
 Elwood) and Ann (wife of Charles Braddock, 
 of Haddonfield, N. J.), Richard S. (who died 
 in infancy) and Edward Z. 
 
 Edward Zane Collings was born in New- 
 ton township January 16, 1837, on the old 
 homestead property. This farm was situated 
 on the Gloucester road, leading to Haddon- 
 field from Gloucester, and now comprises the 
 larger part of the tract set apart by its owner, 
 E. C. Knight, for a park. His father died 
 five months before his birth, and to his 
 mother was left the care of three children. 
 She was a woman of great force of character, 
 and in order to keep the family together, car- 
 ried to the city market the farm products, and 
 sold them, as was the custom then." She was 
 faithful at home, and guided and educated 
 her children by her example and personal in- 
 fluence. The subject of this biography 
 worked upon the farm until he was sixteen 
 years old, in the mean time attending the 
 Champion School, going also to Fellowship 
 Boarding-School, kept by Samuel Smith, for 
 two years, and completing his education by 
 a year's course at Bridgeton West Jersey 
 Academy. At the age of twenty he taught 
 the Horner School, near Glendale. Becoming 
 
 of age, he took charge of the farm, which he 
 managed successfully for four years ; in the 
 mean time he purchased a farm in Salem 
 County, planting and successfully raising 
 fruit on it. When the war broke out, in 1861, 
 Mr. Collings became the sutler of the Thirty- 
 second Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteer 
 Infantry (afterward Ninety-ninth Regi- 
 ment). He also received a commission as 
 military store-keeper from Hon. Simon 
 Cameron. He was in the service three years, 
 taking vessel-loads of goods to sutlers at the 
 front, disposing of the same at a handsome 
 profit. At one time he was too far in advance 
 and was nearly made a prisoner ; at another 
 Colonel Mosby cut the train in two, captur- 
 ing many wagons, but the property of Mr. 
 Collings escaped through good fortune. After 
 the war he purchased a farm in ]V[ontgomery 
 County, Pa., and engaged in the dairy busi- 
 ness, and now devotes much of his time to the 
 cultivation of cranberries on his property in 
 the lower part of New Jersey, and is reaping 
 large profits on his investments. In 1866 
 he was elected to the Legislature from the 
 Second District on the Republican ticket, and 
 by his vote aided in making Hon. T. F. 
 Freylinghuysen United States Senator. His 
 children are William T., Edward Z., Sallie 
 F., Annie Z. and Francis F. His two oldest 
 sons are engaged in cattle-raising in Nebraska, 
 have large ranches and are prospering. Mr. 
 Collings is now a resident of Camden. 
 
 CHAPTER XXI. 
 
 OLD GEAVE-YARDS. 
 
 Many of these places of burial were re- 
 garded as family yards, and nearly every 
 large land-owner had his own, yet members 
 of other families were interred there. These 
 were no doubt in many instances beside the 
 places already selected by the Indians, and 
 had been so used for many years before the 
 
396 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 emigrants settled here. These the aborig- 
 ines always held sacred, and made visits to 
 them long after they had abandoned the ter- 
 ritory and left the soil. Many, unfortu- 
 nately, are at this time lost sight of and for- 
 gotten, while others are neglected and with- 
 out any inclosure about them. Monuments 
 were seldom placed to the graves, save, per- 
 haps, a rough native stone, with the initials 
 of the interred person's name rudely cut 
 thereon and without date. 
 
 The oldest burial-place in the county is 
 the old Newton yard, situated in Haddon 
 township, about midway between Haddon- 
 field and Camden, It was established by 
 the first persons who transported themselves 
 into this part of the territory, in 1681. Here, 
 for many years, were all the deceased per- 
 sons interred, the funerals often coming in 
 boats to the yard. The site was badly 
 chosen, -for the ground is low, and often 
 filled with water nearly to the surface. 
 
 If it had been consistent with the rules of 
 the Society of Friends that small, unpretend- 
 ing monuments had been allowed from 
 the beginning, how much of history and 
 information might be gathered therefrom at 
 the present time. Yet a visit there is with- 
 out results, and no one can discover where 
 his or her ancestors lie. This is a universal 
 regret, for so much is lost that might in this 
 simple way have come down to this genera- 
 tion. 
 
 Next in order of time is the Henry Wood 
 grave-yard, on the farm now or lately owned 
 by Lemuel Horner, and near the site of the 
 Camden City Water-Works. The few fam- 
 ilies settled about the mouth of Coopers 
 Creek and on the river-shore used this place. 
 The Woods, the Spicers, the Nicholsons, the 
 Willards and Days, and, later, a few of the 
 Cowperthwailes, Folwells and other families, 
 were buried there. It was abandoned for 
 that purpose many years since, and is now 
 scarcely known. 
 
 Gloucester was laid out in lots in 1686, 
 
 but had been occupied before that date by a 
 few settlers, and a place of burial selected. 
 Thomas Bull, in his will (1722), makes men- 
 tion of a grave-yard at that place, but 
 nothing is now known of its locality or who 
 lie interred there. It may be in one of the 
 most traveled thoroughfares, or covered by 
 some dwelling or factory so numerous there. 
 In it probably rest the remains of parts of the 
 Reading, the Harrison, the Hugg and Bull 
 families — some of the pioneers who first ad- 
 ventured into this region of country. 
 
 The Watson grave-yard dates back for 
 many years. It is situated in Wiuslow 
 township, near the road going from Blue 
 Anchor to May's Landing, about one mile 
 south of Winslow. As early as the year 
 1710 Daniel Coxe made a survey of one 
 hundred acres at that place, and tradition had 
 it that a house was built and a tavern kept 
 there. Although in the depths of the forest, 
 it was a comparatively public place, for here 
 crossed the two Indian trails — the one going 
 from Egg Harbor to the Delaware Kiver, 
 and the other from Burlington County 
 towards Cape May. The first of these was 
 the road traveled by the Indians in their 
 excursions to procure fish and clams for their 
 winter use, and the other by the Atsionk and 
 Tuckahoe Indians in their friendly visits to 
 each other. On these same paths the settlers 
 made their first roads, and gradually the 
 importance of the old hostelry increased. 
 This may account for and fix the date of the 
 beginning -of this burial-place, and may have 
 been where the Indians buried their dead 
 who died on these long journeys. It took 
 its name from Benjamin Watson, who, after 
 the tavern-keeper and his family, was the 
 first white person settled there. He pur- 
 chased a large tract of land, cleared several 
 acres about his house, and reaped some ben- 
 efit from the soil. Himself and wife and 
 some of his family are buried there, and also 
 Oliver Beebe and wife and family, some of 
 John Camel's family, and a few others oi 
 
OLD GRAVE-YAEDS. 
 
 397 
 
 that region. Years ago there stood several 
 marked stones, and a few graves could be 
 seen, but since then all have been removed, 
 and nothing remains to show the spot. 
 
 What was known as the Graysbury grave- 
 yard was a short distance west of the White 
 Horse and Camden turnpike road, on a farm 
 formerly the Graysburys, but later owned by 
 Joseph Fewsmith, and now by William 
 Bettle, Jr. Simeon Breach, Joseph Low 
 and Caleb Sprague, who were the first 
 settlers in that section, and their families are 
 buried there, and later the Graysburys and 
 Hinchmans, and some other families. This 
 yard is entirely lost sight of, and the Phila- 
 delphia and Atlantic City Railroad passes 
 through it. 
 
 The grave-yard at Blue Anchor was one 
 of some pretensions and among the oldest in 
 the county. In 1740 the tavern was estab- 
 lished there and a few dwellings sprang up 
 around it, and this place of burial may date 
 from that time. About 1850 a new yard 
 was opened near by and no more interments 
 were made in the old one. In former days 
 it had many lettered " head-stonfes " at the 
 graves, but the inclosing fence was removed 
 and cattle allowed to trespass thereon and de- 
 stroy the monuments. Here were buried the 
 families of John Hider, John Bryant, Robert 
 Mattox, Thomas Fry, the oldest settlers there; 
 later, the Albertsons, the Beebes, the Sicklers 
 and others were brought there and laid away: 
 Now it is " farmed over," and the spot is 
 scarcely to be recognized. It was on the high 
 ground a short distance west of the hotel and 
 frequently visited by relatives and friends of 
 persons lying there. 
 
 Woos' burial-place, about one mile south 
 of Waterford and near where Shane's Castle 
 formerly stood, dates back to the middle of 
 the last century. It is where the Indian 
 trail crosses Clark's Branch, and is possibly 
 where the aborigines of that section buried 
 their dead. 
 
 Zabastian Woos and his brothers settled 
 47 
 
 there, followed by their descendants, who 
 kept a fence about it and placed several tomb- 
 stones in the inclosure. But few are interred 
 there now. 
 
 There is a small yard at Bates' Mill, about 
 one mile south of Waterford, in Winslow 
 township. It was first opened when Thomas 
 Cole built the saw-mill, about the middle of 
 the last century. Some of the Cole family, 
 the Bates family, the Kellum family and 
 others are buried there. Care is taken of 
 this spot, the fence kept up and the few 
 stones are cared for. Benjamin Bates, who 
 was an officer in the New Jersey Line during 
 the Revolutionary War, and did much active 
 service, lies there in a neglected grave. He 
 was especially useful in watching the refu- 
 gees, to prevent their stealing horses and cat- 
 tle from the people along the coast. These 
 marauders were the terror of the inhabitants, 
 generally going at night on their expeditions ; 
 but when they found that Captain Bates was 
 on their track, took to the timber and 
 would be seen no more for some time. 
 
 The Hopewell grave-yard was probably 
 founded by Friends, as a meeting-house owned 
 by that denomination formerly stood there. 
 It is on the old Egg Harbor road, about two 
 miles southwest from Tansboro', in Winslow 
 township. The fence about it is still kept in 
 repair and care taken of the graves and 
 stones. The house was Erected about the 
 middle of the last century, and the beginning 
 of the burials may date from that time. Here 
 were interred the heads of the meeting — John 
 Shinn, Uriah Norcross, Joseph Peacock, Jo- 
 seph Boulton and many others — but their 
 children removing from that region found 
 other places of sepulture. 
 
 The cemetery at Berlin (Long-a-Coming) 
 has been in use for many years, and may be 
 dated back to near 1714, when the place was 
 named Long-a-Coming, with a tavern and a 
 few dwellings. In 1765 Samuel Scull kept 
 an " inn " at that place, where the Presby- 
 terians erected a small meeting-house on the 
 
398 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 ground now used for burial lots, and attached 
 to the cemetery. Although the meeting- 
 house fell into decay and was taken down, 
 yet the interest in the yard was kept up and 
 sufficient fence always kept around it to pre- 
 vent cattle trespassing to the injury of the 
 graves and grave-stones. As the neighborhood 
 improved and became more thickly settled and 
 no other burial-place established, the grounds 
 were enlarged from time to time and laid out 
 with avenues and lots. Some few stones may 
 be seen in the old parts, where lie buried the 
 Scull, the Budd, the Bodine, the Zigler, 
 the Rogers and other old families. Under 
 the present management there is no danger of 
 neglect, much to the credit of those in- 
 terested. 
 
 Burden's grave- yard was on the brow of a 
 hill near where the turnpike road from Ber- 
 lin falls into the Clementon and White Horse 
 road, in Gloucester township, and is now en- 
 tirely overgrown with timber. It was prob- 
 ably founded by Thomas Webster, who 
 owned the land in 1742, and who, with part 
 of his family, were buried there. He had 
 two sons, Lawrence and Samuel, but they re- 
 moved to other parts. Richard Burden be- 
 came owner of the soil in 1789, hence the 
 name as known in modern times. David 
 Hurley's and Joab Hill man's families may 
 be there, as they owned land and lived near 
 by. Andrew Newman owned the land in 
 1742 where the "Clementon" Mills stand 
 and built the first mill there, about one mile 
 from the yard in question, and it may be that 
 he and his family rest there, and his brother 
 John and family and Benjamin Richards and 
 Henry Lake as well, with their families; 
 and later, Moses Branson and Richard Bur- 
 den and their families. 
 
 If this be so, then this forgotten spot was 
 once an important place and commanded the 
 care, the respect and the protection of those 
 about them, where now uo vestige of a stone 
 
 or grave can be seen. 
 
 But a single grave and grave-stone 
 
 IS 
 
 left to show where the people about Clemen- 
 ton buried their dead. It is on a hill not far 
 from the railroad station, in Gloucester town- 
 ship, and will in a few years be lost sight of 
 It was established when the glass-works were 
 built there, which brought together many 
 workmen and their families. 
 
 On the farm of Alexander Cooper, Esq., 
 in Delaware township, near Glendale, is a 
 small inclosed spot in one of the fields known 
 as Matlack's grave-yard. It contains but few 
 bodies, yet tbey are the ancestors of the pres- 
 ent owner in the maternal line. The fence 
 is carefully maintained and it is contemplated 
 to erect there a marble tablet to commemo- 
 rate the place and secure it from encroach- 
 ments or neglect. 
 
 Tomlinson's grave-yard, near Laurel Mills, 
 in Gloucester township, is strictly a family 
 yard. Many of the ancestors of the family 
 lie buried there and interments occasionally 
 take place. It is well cared for, but, belong- 
 ing to a Friend's family, but few monuments 
 can be seen. Its origin runs back many 
 years, for Joseph Tomlinson settled in that 
 section as early as 1690, he being the first 
 emigrant of that name. 
 
 What is generally known as the Zane's 
 grave-yard is in Gloucester township, near 
 Clements Bridge, and was established by the 
 first George Marple, who settled there about 
 1740, and it was one of the largest in this 
 section of country. Many of the neighbor- 
 ing families buried there and many stones 
 with names and dates stood there. No in- 
 terments have been made there for many 
 years. The Marples, the Zanes, the Troths, 
 the Chews, the Hillmans and others lived 
 in that region. The estate having passed in- 
 to the hands of strangers, it has been much 
 neglected of late years. It has no inclosure 
 about it and many of the graves are leveled 
 with the ground and the stones defaced or 
 removed. The remains of Colonel Isaiah 
 Marple are interred at this spot, the grave 
 being shown by a plain marble slab. He 
 
OLD GRAVE-YARDS. 
 
 399 
 
 was an officer in the New Jersey Line during 
 the Revolutionary War and rendered much 
 service in tliat memorable struggle. The re- 
 mains of a few Hessian soldiers may re§t 
 here, as the troops crossed Great Timber 
 Creek at this point on their going to and re- 
 turning from the battle of Eed Bank. In 
 the retreat there was much trouble in trans- 
 porting their wounded, not having means to 
 that end, and some were left by the way to 
 die or to be cared for by the inhabitants. The 
 army was completely demoralized, its com- 
 manding officer being in the hands of the 
 enemy and others lying dead upon the field. 
 In the hasty retreat tradition says two brass 
 field-pieces were thrown into the creek and 
 there remain to the present. 
 
 Sloan's burial-place is a neglected spot on 
 the south side of Irish Hill, in Union town- 
 ship, and a short distance east from the 
 Blackwoodtown and Camden turnpike road. 
 There is no fence about it and it is entirely 
 covered with timber and underbrush. Jo- 
 seph Sloan intended it for his family alone, 
 but others are buried there. It is possible 
 that John Stafford was buried there, he being 
 connected with the family by marriage. He 
 was a soldier in Washington's body-guard 
 and was wounded at the battle of German- 
 town while serving in the artillery, after 
 which he retired from the service. John 
 Ware, John Batt, Jacob Bendler and others 
 lived near this place, and themselves or part 
 of their families may lie there. 
 
 The few graves that formerly appeared by 
 the road leading through Guineatown from 
 Snow Hill to Gloucester, in Centre township, 
 is the resting-place of many of the slaves of 
 the Huggs, the Glovers, the Harrisons and 
 others, who, after they were free, built houses 
 and settled them at this place. No vestige 
 of the graves or stones is left. 
 
 The law required that they should not be- 
 come a county charge ; hence this means was 
 taken to keep them from want when too old 
 to work. There is a like place, known as 
 
 Hurley's grounds, on the farm now owned 
 by Benjamin and Joseph Lippincott, a short 
 distance east from the Mount Ephraim 
 road. This was the burial-place of the 
 Hinchman slaves and their descendants, and 
 was used until within a few years. 
 
 John Mapes' grave-yard joins the house 
 where he lived, and is where himself and his 
 family lie buried. It fronts the turnpike 
 road leading from Camden to Kirkwood, in 
 Centre township, and contains but few 
 graves. John Mapes was a soldier in the 
 partisan corps of Colonel Henry Lee, and 
 did the enemy "much hurt and mischief" in 
 that memorable conflict. He had great ad- 
 miration for his commander, " Light Horse 
 Harry," and loved to recount their many 
 adventures in watching the movements of the 
 British army. Nothing but a plain marble 
 slab marks the place of his burial. 
 
 On the south side of and near the road 
 from Mount Ephraim to Woodbury, in 
 Centre township, formerly stood a large 
 brick farm-house, which was taken down by 
 Jesse W. Starr, Esq., while he owned the 
 farm. Near the house, and in part of the 
 garden, were a few graves, with head and 
 foot-stones indicating that a branch of the 
 Harrison family was buried there. Samuel 
 W. Harrison at one time was the owner of 
 the estate, and a prominent and representa- 
 tive man in Gloucester County affairs during 
 his active life. He was descended from the 
 Harrisons, who settled at Gloucester in the 
 beginning, and whose names may be found 
 among the leading men of the county and 
 State for several generations. Samuel W. 
 Harrison, his family and some of his ances- 
 tors lie in this spot, but no man can now find 
 the place of their sepulchre. A branch of the 
 Ellis family had a small burial-place on part 
 of the estate near where Samuel Heulings re- 
 sides, a short distance east of the Haddonfield 
 and Moorestown road, in Delaware township. 
 No care has been taken of it for many years 
 and the graves are scarcely noticeable. 
 
400 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 On the farm now owned by Joshua Pea- 
 cock, in Delaware township, and on the east 
 side of the Haddonfield and Berlin road, 
 and close beside the old Egg Harbor road, 
 is said to have been an Indian burial-place. 
 There .is no doubt that a large settlement of 
 aborigines was near by, which gives color to 
 the tradition. The Kays, the Bateses and 
 the Matlacks owned the lands adjacent, and 
 there may have been some of these interred 
 there. No trace of the graves can now be 
 seen. 
 
 Within the bounds of Camden City were 
 two or three grave-yards, now entirely lost 
 sight of The progress of improvement 
 crowded them out several years since, and 
 but few of this generation can point out their 
 locality. Some bodies were removed, but 
 many, whose friends had left the neighbor- 
 hood, still remain. Streets and buildings 
 now cover these burial-places, and but few 
 years will pass away when not a tradition 
 will be remembered by the oldest inhabitant 
 of their locality, or who was there buried. 
 The aggressive and uneasy spirit of the 
 American people allows nothing to hinder its 
 advancement, not even those associations and 
 memories that may surround the graves of 
 our ancestors. 
 
 On a farm in Delaware township, and near 
 the county line between Camden and Burling- 
 ton, are a few graves with monuments, known 
 as the Inskeep grave-yard. The estate was 
 formerly owned in part by Abraham Inskeep, 
 one of that family, and where some of them 
 
 and others of the neighborhood were buried. 
 It is inclosed and is well cared for. 
 
 In early times the luskeeps, the Hootens, 
 the Wills, the Eves and the Evanses inhabited 
 that region, and their dead may have been 
 buried there. Under the regulation in the 
 Society of Friends regarding grave-stones, 
 graves and even " family rows " were event- 
 ually lost sight of 
 
 Owing to some neighborhood difficulty 
 about burials in the old yard not necessary 
 to be recounted here, James Sloan founded a 
 burial-yard in 1790 adjoining the old New- 
 ton grave-yard. It has many graves and 
 grave-stones within the walls, but much 
 neglected, and the gates being broken, is open 
 to cattle and other marauders. Portions of 
 the Shivers, the Hinchman, the Eastlack, 
 the Heritage, the Collings, the Cooper and 
 other families lie buried there. 
 
 About the year 1793 John Rudderow es- 
 tablished a burial-place on his own land and 
 near his house in Stockton (then Waterford) 
 township, and where the Church road comes 
 into the Camden and Moorestown turnpike, 
 at Merchant ville. The interments were con- 
 fined strictly to his own' family, but after his 
 death no more burials were made there. 
 Within a few years all the graves were 
 opened and the bodies removed to the old 
 Rudderow lot at Colestown. Since then the 
 land has been used for agricultural purposes, 
 and, in the extension of the thrifty town of 
 Merchantville, will soon be built upon and 
 lost sight of. 
 
HISTORY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 CITIES, BOROUGHS AND TOWNSHIPS 
 
 IN" 
 
 OAMDEJ^" COUNTY, NEW JEESEY. 
 
O 
 
 K 
 
 w 
 
 w 
 p 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 w 
 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 EARLY HISTORY OF THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 Introduction — Early Settlemeute and Subsequent Transfei-s of Land 
 on the Site of Camden— Early Settlements and Transfers of Land 
 on the Site of South Camden — First Town Plan of Camden — 
 Coopers Hill — The Kaighn Estate — Fettersville — Stockton — 
 Kaighnsville. 
 
 Introduction. — A little more than two centu- 
 . ries ago the fertile lands now covered by the beau- 
 tiful and prosperous city of Camden were first 
 permanently occupied by white settlers. During 
 the century succeeding this event, New Jersey, as 
 well as all the other American colonies, was under 
 the control of the English government. About 
 the time the great struggle between the colonies 
 and their mother country began, an enterprising 
 and progressive descendant of one of the first 
 settlers conceived the idea of planning a town on 
 the east bank of the Delaware, opposite what was 
 then the largest city on the American continent, 
 and now its greatest manufacturing fentre. Im- 
 bued with the same patriotic spirit as his friends and 
 associates, he named his new town Camden, in 
 honor of Charles Pratt, Earl of Camden, a dis- 
 tinguished lawyer and statesman. Lord Chancellor 
 of England in 1766, and President of the Council 
 in 1782. The Earl of Camden was the firm and 
 'liberal friend of the American colonies during the 
 whole period of their struggle for independence. 
 He boldly opposed the policy of the King and his 
 ministers, and openly expressed his sympathy for 
 the Americans. 
 
 The growth of Camden during the first eighty 
 years of its history was slow but sure, like that of 
 the century plant. It existed for a long period as 
 a small collection of houses near the ferries, toward 
 which most of the travel of West Jersey was then 
 directed on its way to the city of Philadelphia. 
 
 During the last decade the manufacturing and 
 business interests of Camden have very largely 
 increased and developed. Many new industries 
 have lately been established, until now the full 
 force of its life is plainly observable to many of 
 the older inhabitants, who remember Camden as a 
 small village. 
 
 Could the first settlers upon the site of the city 
 now look upon the industry and energy that have 
 asserted their power iii the rumble of ponderous 
 machinery, the whistle of the high-spirited iron 
 horse, the hum and whir of revolving wheels, the 
 stately magnificence of some of the public institu- 
 tions, the comfortable homes and beautiful streets 
 and the improvement in the modes of life and liv- 
 ing, they would feel gratified that their children's 
 grandchildren and those cotemporary with them 
 are so bountifully favored in this land of freedom 
 and independence, of which they were the hardy 
 pioneers. 
 
 The census table below was prepared from offi- 
 cial reports, and will enable the reader to observe 
 the changes in the population of the city of Cam- 
 den at the dates given. The increase during the 
 last decade has been truly wonderful. With the 
 healthful situation, beautiful surroundings, prox- 
 imity to Philadelphia, rapid development of the 
 manufacturing interests, well-managed ferries, ex- 
 cellent schools, fine churches, an enterprising press, 
 and intelligent and cultured society, Camden gives 
 promise, within the next half century, to many 
 times double its present population, and hold high 
 rank among the leading cities of the Union. 
 
 1828 1,143 1860 14,368 
 
 1830 1,987 1866 18,316 
 
 1833 2,241 187U '.0,046 
 
 1840 3,560 1876 33,852 
 
 I860 9,118 1880 41,169 
 
 1865 11,217 1886 62,884 
 
 403 
 
404 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEESEY. 
 
 
 CITY OF CAMDEN BY 
 
 WAHDE 
 
 
 
 
 
 1850 
 
 2520 
 
 1856 
 
 1860 
 
 1865 
 
 1870 
 
 
 2462 
 
 4141 
 6051 
 6176 
 
 6396 
 5545 
 7372 
 
 6666 
 
 Middle Ward 
 
 2856 42613 
 4242| 4489 
 
 6684 
 
 South Ward 
 
 6695 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 9618,11,217 
 
 14,368 
 
 18,313 
 
 20,045 
 
 
 
 
 First Ward 
 
 Second "Ward .. 
 Third Ward... 
 Fourth Ward.. 
 
 Fifth Ward 
 
 Sixth Ward 
 
 Seventh Ward 
 Eighth Ward... 
 
 Total 
 
 1876 1880 1885 
 
 6932 
 3946 
 3031 
 6261 
 5267 
 3480 
 3760 
 3175 
 
 33,862 
 
 6362 
 6060 
 3962 
 6936 
 6018 
 3720 
 4426 
 4186 
 
 7031 
 8007 
 4800 
 9464 
 6866 
 4198 
 6806 
 6713 
 
 62,884 
 
 The Early Settlements and Transfers of 
 Land on the Site of North Camden. — The 
 first known settlements on the Delaware Eiver 
 within the limits of Camden were made by Rich- 
 ard Arnold and William Cooper, before the land 
 they located had been surveyed to them and be- 
 fore the Dublin colony, composed mostly of Eng- 
 lish Friends who had fled from England to Dub- 
 lin to avoid persecution, had located inland from 
 the river, between Newton and Coopers Creeks. 
 It would appear from the order given below that 
 the number of Friends living along the river was 
 sufficient to warrant the yearly meeting held at 
 Thomas Gardiner's house, iu Burlington, the 5th of 
 Seventh Month (September), 1681, to grant per- 
 mission, as follows : 
 
 " Ordered that Friends of Pyne Point have a 
 meeting on every Fourth day, and to begin at the 
 Second hour, at Kichard Arnold's House." The 
 Richard Arnold here mentioned lived on the river- 
 bank, a short distance above the mouth of Newton 
 Creek, although he did not receive title until 
 March 1, 1702, when two hundred acres were sur- 
 veyed to him. His house is marked on the map 
 made by Thomas Sharp in 1700. He sold this 
 building the same year to Martin Jarvis, who had 
 purchased the year previous two hundred and 
 twenty-two acres of the adjoining land bounding on 
 Coopers Creek. The name of Arnold disappears 
 from this time in the history of the territory now 
 Camden County. 
 
 The next resident on the site of Camden, so far 
 as known, was William Cooper. He was born in 
 England in 1632, and for many years prior to his 
 emigration had resided at Coleshill, in the parish 
 of Ameraham, county of Hertford, where, early in 
 the history of the Society of Friends, he became a 
 
 convinced member of that religious body. He is 
 styled in various deeds and in his will as " Yeo- 
 man." Upperside Monthly Meeting, to which he 
 belonged, contained within its limits the home of 
 William Penn, whose projects for a settlement on 
 the Delaware thus became well known to its mem- 
 bers, and William Cooper, attracted by the pros- 
 pects, and wearied by religious persecution at 
 home, concluded to emigrate thither in the early 
 part of 1679, with his wife, Margaret, and five chil- 
 dren. He brought with him a certificate from Up- 
 perside Monthly Meeting, setting forth " that the 
 said William Cooper and Margaret, his wife, hav- 
 ing lived in these parts for many years, ever since 
 the first of their convincenient, have walked con- 
 scientiously and honorably amongst us, agreeably 
 to the profession and testimony of truth, according 
 to the best of our observation and knowledge of 
 them." 
 
 He arrived at Burlington in the spring or sum- 
 mer of 1679, and soon after located fifty acres of 
 land within the town limits, and had the same 
 surveyed and returned to himself by deed dated 
 October 5, 1680. On this land he built his first 
 home and temporarily settled his family. During 
 the same year, no doubt conversant with the pro- 
 ject of planting a city near Shackamaxon (now 
 Kensington, Philadelphia), he located a tract of 
 three hundred acres immediately opposite, at the 
 junction of the Delaware with Aroches Creek, 
 which now bears his name, and obtained a certi- 
 ficate for the same from the commissioners June 
 12, 1682. He built his second house and estab- 
 lished his family on a high bank above Coopers 
 Point, called by him Pyne Point, from a dense pine 
 forest which then grew there. This site is now 
 washed away and is near where Fifth Street 
 touches thei river. "The remains of this house," 
 says Mickle, writing in 1844, "were visible a few 
 years ago." It was built, according to reliable 
 family tradition, of brown sand-stone, which, no 
 doubt, was quarried at Pea Shore, north of the 
 creek. It had a stone portico, and a door opened 
 out from the second story hall to the roof of the 
 portico. Benjamin Franklin, who was a guest 
 there nearly a century after it was built, styles it 
 " a large house." His son Joseph, a few years later, 
 built a house a short distance east of his father's, 
 on the bluff near the creek, and that, too, has dis- 
 appeared. 
 
 On his arrival the place he selected was occupied 
 by a small band of friendly Indians, under a chief 
 named Arasapha. The title to the land on the 
 Delaware between Oldmans Creek and Rancocas 
 Creek had been purchased of the Indians in 1677, 
 
THE CITY OP CAMDEN. 
 
 405 
 
 but William Cooper extiuguished what rights they 
 still might possess at Pyne Point by a conveyance 
 from the chief Arasapha. This deed was a few 
 years ago in the possession of Joseph W. Cooper, 
 but is now unfortunately lost. Intercourse be- 
 tween Shackamaxon,wheret he pioneers of Penn's 
 colony, under Fairman, the surveyor, and Mark- 
 ham, the deputy-governor, and Pyne Point had 
 long been established by canoe ferry between the 
 Indian settlements at those places, and the settlers 
 on both sides of the river could therefore well 
 meet together for religious worship. 
 
 At a Yearly Meeting of Friends held at Salem, 
 Second Month 11, 1682, for both Jersiesand Penn- 
 sylvania, it was therefore ordered " that the 
 Friends at (Pyne Point) and those at Shakomaxin 
 do meet together once a month on the 2* and 4"' day 
 in every month, the first meeting to be held at Wil- 
 liam Cooper's, at Pyne Point, the 2'* and 4"" day of 
 the 3'^ month next, and the next meeting to be at 
 Thomas Fairman's, at Shakomaxin, and so in 
 course." This meeting was alternately held at 
 Cooper's house until the arrival of Penn,' when it 
 was removed to Philadelphia. There was also a 
 gathering for worship at the house of Mark New- 
 bie, on Newton Creek, of which Thomas Sharp, in 
 his narrative of the establishment of the Newton 
 Meeting, says : " Immediately there was a meeting 
 sett up and kept at the house of Mark Newbie, 
 and in a short time it grew and increased, unto 
 which William Cooper and family, that live at the 
 Point, resorted, and sometimes the meeting was 
 kept at his house, who had been settled sometime 
 before." When the meeting-house was built, in 
 1684, at Newton, William Cooper was appointed 
 one of the trustees, and they continued the trust 
 to Joseph Cooper, his son, and others in 1708. It 
 was built on the land of Thomas Thackara, be- 
 tween the houses of Zane and Thackara, and stood 
 until destroyed by fire, December 22, 1817. 
 
 William Cooper was present at the treaty of 
 Penn with the Indians in 1682 at Shackamaxon, 
 opposite his house. He was chosen one of the 
 members of Assembly from the Third or Irish 
 Tenth in 1682-83 and also in 1686. In 1687 he 
 was appointed by the Assembly of the province 
 one of the Council of Proprietors. He was a com- 
 missioner for Ihe division of lands, and in an indi- 
 vidual capacity, also acted a^ attorney for many 
 Friends in England and Ireland in the purchase 
 and location of land. In 1694 he was appointed 
 judge of the County Court of Gloucester and con- 
 tinued in that capacity several years. His position 
 among Friends is set forth in the testimony issued 
 by the meeting after his death as " having been 
 48 
 
 raised to his gift of exhortation in Hartfordshire, 
 England, and lived here in Godly conversation, 
 exercising his gift in the meeting at Newton, 
 whereunto he belonged, to the benefit of God's 
 people until it pleased God to remove him. As he 
 lived so he died in unity with Friends and in full 
 assurance of his eternal well-being." In 1685 he 
 had located four hundred and twenty-nine acres of 
 land on the north side of Coopers Creek, in Water- 
 ford (now Delaware) township, where he erected a 
 house and out-buildings and having removed thither 
 about 1708, died there on the 11th day of First 
 Month (March) 1710. His will bears date March 
 7, 1709, and was probated March 20, 1710, twenty- 
 one days later (the first of the year at that time be- 
 ginning March 25th). The history of the early 
 settlement of Camden is so interwoven with the 
 acquisition and transfer of land within its limits, 
 largely made by William Cooper and his descend- 
 ants, that a skeleton genealogical chart of the first 
 four generations is given on page 406 to elucidate 
 the descriptions in this article. 
 
 The land on which Camden is situated was origi- 
 nally surveyed in several large tracts, as follows — 
 (given in order as they lie contiguous on the river 
 and creek-fronts). The tract of three hundred acres 
 for which William Cooper obtained title on the 
 12th Juue, 1682, was situated on the Delaware and 
 Coopers Creek, and includes what has since been 
 distinctively known as " Coopers Point." Next be- 
 low on the Delaware was a tract of four hundred 
 and fifty acres which extended eastward to Coopers 
 Creek and had been surveyed, September 20, 1681, 
 to William Eoydon, "a citizen and grocer of Lon- 
 don," who came to this country some time after 
 the London and Yorkshire commissioners, and upon 
 this land the original town of Camden was subse- 
 quently laid out. 
 
 William Cooper's tract had not then been sur- 
 veyed, but application therefor had doubtless been 
 made, for when the lines of his survey were fixed, 
 June 12, 1682, he made complaint that Eoydon's 
 survey extended upon his land. This was probably 
 when Koydon was absent in England, as he visited 
 there several times within a few years, and upon 
 his return refused to accept any change. 
 
 On June 26, 1688, Eoydon sold three hundred 
 acres of his survey to Zachariah Whitpaine, it 
 being on the north side, and the north line he made 
 to conform to his original survey. Whitpaine 
 gave a mortgage for the original purchase money, 
 and as he did not meet his payments it was for- 
 feited to Eoydon, who, April 1, 1692, sold the same 
 to John Tysack, who sold it, December 25, 1697, 
 to Anna Nore, whose heirs, January 24, 1720, con- 
 

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THE CITY OP CAMDEN. 
 
 40Y 
 
 veyed to Jonathan Dickinson. He died in 1722, 
 and it passed to his son, Jonatlian Dickinson, who 
 January 17, 1723, sold it to William Cooper, son 
 of Daniel and grandson of William, to whom had 
 descended his grandfather's title to the adjoining 
 land and thus ended the dispute on the boundary 
 between the Roydon and Cooper surveys. 
 
 On November 9, 1681, Eoydon sold fifty acres 
 of his tract, on the lower side reaching to the 
 river, to Richard Watt. The north line of this 
 fifty acres afterward became the boundary line of 
 the Cooper and Kaighn estates, and is now known 
 as Line Street in the city of 'Camden. On the 1st 
 day of First Month, 1688, Roydon was granted a 
 license to keep a ferry from Philadelphia to the 
 Jersey shore, where he had built a house, it having 
 been "judged that William Roy don's house was 
 convenient and ye said William Roydon a person 
 suitable for that employ." After his sale of land to 
 Tysack, in 1692, he returned to England and died 
 there the same year. 
 
 Lying between the larger tracts of Cooper and 
 Roydon was a small wedge-shaped piece of land 
 of twenty-eight acres, with its base resting on the 
 Delaware, which was surveyed to John White, 
 November, 1683. On the south of the Roydon 
 purchase, and lying on the river, was a large tract 
 of five hundred acres which was located by Wil- 
 liam Cooper as the attorney for Samuel Norris, to 
 whom it was surveyed in May, 1685, and extended 
 southward along the river and then from the river- 
 front eastward to Little Newton Creek, or Kaighn's 
 Run, with its northeast angle nearly touching 
 Coopers Creek. 
 
 Next below the Norris tract was one hundred 
 acres of meadow land, on both sides of Kaighn's 
 p.un, which was located March 9, 1681, by the 
 Dublin emigrants who settled at Newton. East of 
 Kaighn's Run, and reaching down to the river, on 
 the south side of the Newton meadow land, was lo- 
 cated five hundred acres, by Robert Turner, May, 
 1685. Next below was the two hundred acre tract of 
 Richard Arnold, before mentioned, on which he 
 lived, probably as early as 1680. The next survey on 
 the river, and extending up Newton Creek to the 
 mouth of its north branch and along that branch, 
 contained two hundred and twenty acres, and was 
 also made by Robert Turner, Twelfth Month 27, 
 1687. Farther up the north branch of Newton 
 Creek, and east of the Turner survey, was a tract of 
 three hundred and fifty acres, surveyed, March 6, 
 1682, to Mark Newbie, a part of which is now in 
 the east part of the city limits. North and east of 
 the Newbie, Turner and Norris tracts, and bor- 
 dering on Coopers Creek, lay a tract of five hun- 
 
 dred acres which was surveyed to Robert Turner 
 in July, 1683. 
 
 Of those who, as above stated, originally located 
 the land, William Cooper was the only one who 
 made substantial improvements, and with his 
 family settled and retained permanent ownership. 
 In addition to his survey of three hundred acres at 
 the "Poynt," he acquired title, January 8, 1689, 
 to the twenty-eight acres located by John White, 
 lying south of his tract and on the river. This 
 wedge-shaped piece of land had passed from White 
 to John Langhurst, and later to Roydon, who sold 
 to Cooper on the date mentioned. William 
 Cooper also obtained, through several conveyan- 
 ces, the fifty acres fronting on the river adjoin- 
 ing his other land, which Roydon had sold to 
 Samuel Carpenter, April 20, 1689. He disposed of 
 all his real estate at the point between the river 
 and creek, by various deeds of gift, before his 
 death, to his children and grandchildren, the last 
 gift being a small tract of thirty-eight acres on 
 Coopers Creek, adjoining Roydon's survey, which 
 he granted to his grandsons — John (son of 
 William) and Joseph, Jr. (son of Joseph)— as joint 
 tenants, and they, in 1715, sold and conveyed the 
 same to their cousin William, son of Daniel. His 
 land, with the house thereon, in Burlington, he 
 presented by deed to his daughter Hannah, wife 
 of John Woolston, Sr. 
 
 William Cooper, Jr. (born 1660, died 1691), the 
 eldest son of William the emigrant, married, in 
 1682, Mary, the daughter of Edward and Mary 
 Bradway, of Salem, and the young couple settled 
 in that town. He died in 1691, leaving three 
 children,— John, Hannah and Mary. His widow 
 intermarried the next year with William Kenton, 
 of Choptank Meeting, Maryland, and the three 
 children were fostered and cared for by their 
 grandfather Cooper at the "Poynt." John was 
 provided with a farm, as above stated, and did not 
 change his residence until after his grandfather's 
 death. He married, at Chesterfield Meeting, Anne 
 Clarke in 1712, and settled in Deptford township. 
 Old Gloucester County. Hannah married, in 
 1704, at her grandfather's house at the "Poynt," 
 John, the eldest son of Archibald Mickle, and they 
 settled on Newton Creek, within the town bounds of 
 Gloucester. Mary appears to have accompanied her 
 grandfather when he removed to his farm at Cooper- 
 town, on the Waterford side of the creek, where he 
 died, for she was married, 1707, at the house of her 
 testamentary guardian, John Kay, near Ellisburg, 
 to Benjamin, son and heir of Thomas Thackara, of 
 Newton, the pioneer. They resided on the Thackara 
 property on the middle branch of Newton Creek. 
 
408 
 
 HISTOKY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEESEY. 
 
 Joseph Cooper (born 1666, died 1731), second 
 son of William,- the emigrant, married, 1688, 
 Lydia Riggs, a member of the Philadelphia Meet- 
 ing of Friends. They resided on Coopers Creek, 
 just east of the residence of his father. They had 
 seven children, — Elizabeth, who married Samuel 
 Miokle and died without issue ; Joseph, Jr., who 
 married, first, Mary Hudson, and, second, Han- 
 nah Dent; Lydia, who married John Cox and 
 died without issue ; Hannah, who married Alex- 
 ander Morgan ; Benjamin, who was three times 
 married : first to Rachel Mickle, secondly to Han- 
 nah Carlisle (a widow n6e Clarke), and thirdly to 
 Elizabeth Burcham (a widow nie Cole); Sarah, who 
 married Joshua Raper; and Isaac, who married 
 Hannah Coates. 
 
 The first purchase of land made by Joseph 
 Cooper, son of William, of which we have record, 
 was effected June 12, 1697, when Joshua and 
 Abraham Carpenter conveyed to him the tract con- 
 taining four hundred and twenty-three acres, be- 
 ing the greater part of the Turner survey, located 
 in July, 1685, lying on the south side of Coopers 
 Creek, and deeded by Turner, December 30, 1693, 
 to the Carpenters, — a tract still locally known as 
 the Carpenter tract. The remainder of the Turner 
 survey Joseph had purchased a short time before 
 of John Colley,and on the 13th of December, 1702, 
 he purchased ten acres adjoining this land of 
 Archibald Mickle. These three pieces of land, 
 purchased of Carpenter, Colley and Mickle, as 
 stated, Joseph Cooper conveyed to his son Joseph, 
 Jr., by deed dated June 16, 1714. 
 
 Joseph Cooper, Jr. (born 1691, died 1749), 
 married, 1713, Mary Hudson, daughter of William 
 and Hannah, of Philadelphia. She died 1728, 
 leaving him one child, Mary, who married, 1737, 
 Jacob Howell, Jr. Mary Howell died before her hus- 
 band, leaving to his care three daughters — Lydia, 
 who married John Wharton; Hannah, who died 
 unmarried; and Mary, who married Benjamin 
 Swett. In his will Joseph, Jr., directed that a 
 tract of five hundred acres, on the north side of 
 the south branch of Coopers Creek, which came to 
 him from his grandfather, William, the emigrant, 
 should be divided into three parts for the use and 
 benefit of his three granddaughters. By his sec- 
 ond wife, Hannah Dent, there was no issue. The 
 large tract of four hundred and thirty acres, on 
 south side of Coopers Creek, deeded to him by his 
 father in 1714, passed under his will to his younger 
 brother, Isaac Cooper and the same has since passed 
 through an heir, female, to the descendants of Israel 
 Cope, of Philadelphia. Joseph Cooper, Jr., rep- 
 resented his district in the State Legislature for 
 
 nineteen years, and held other important official 
 and religious trusts. He died Eighth Month 1, 
 1749. 
 
 Joseph Cooper, Sr., son of William, purchased 
 one hundred and sixty-seven acres of land (ad- 
 joining the Turner survey) and other lands of Jo- 
 ■ seph Dole, November 19, 1723, and conveyed the 
 same, January 27, 1728, to his son, Isaac Cooper, 
 who, by will dated in 1765, devised it to his son 
 Marmaduke, who, upon obtaining possession, built 
 the two-story and attic brick building, with exten- 
 sion. This residence still stands on the Haddon 
 pike, near Coopers CTreek and west of the Harleigh 
 Cemetery. These lands have also passed to the 
 name Cope. 
 
 Marmaduke Cooper, the only son of Isaac and 
 Hannah (Coates) Cooper, married Mary Jones, 
 daughter of Aquila and Elizabeth Jones, and had 
 Lydia, who died 1817, aged twenty-nine, unmar- 
 ried ; Hannah, who died 1851, aged seventy-one, 
 unmarried; Margaret, born 1781, who married 
 Israel Cope, of Philadelphia ; Isaac, born 1785, 
 died 1844, unmarried ; Elizabeth, who died 1811, 
 aged twenty-one, unmarried ; Ann, who died in 
 1816, aged twenty-four, unmarried; and Joseph, 
 born 1794, who died in his minority and unmar- 
 ried. Marmaduke, by will, October 21, 1795, de- 
 vised all of his lands in Newton township to his 
 son Joseph (born 1794), who died in his minority 
 and unmarried, when it passed to Isaac (born 
 1785), who died in 1844, also unmarried, when the 
 same fell by inheritance to Hannah, the surviving 
 sister of Isaac, and to the children of his deceased 
 sister, Margaret Cope. Israel and Margaret 
 (Cooper) Cope had five children — Mary Ann, who 
 married Stephen P. Morris and died without issue; 
 Marmaduke C, who married Sarah Wistar; Eme- 
 line, who died unmarried; Elizabeth C, who 
 married William M. Collins ; and Lydia, who 
 died unmarried. 
 
 Joseph Cooper, Sr., received from his father, 
 William, the first settler, by deed dated August 
 24, 1700, a tract of land of one hundred and sixty- 
 ibur acres and " his house in which he liveth," on 
 Coopers Creek, being part of the original survey, 
 and on the 18th of February, 1708, his father con- 
 veyed to him two hundred and twelve acres of 
 land at Coopers Point, being the remainder of the 
 original survey, together with all appurtenances, 
 etc., and on the 2d of May, 1728, Joseph Cooper, 
 Sr., conveyed the last- mentioned tract of two hun- 
 dred and twelve acres to his son, Benjamin Cooper. 
 
 Benjamin Cooper, son of Joseph, Sr., was three 
 times married, as heretofore stated. By his first 
 wife (Rachel Mickle) he had two daughters, both 
 
THE CITY OP CAMDEN. 
 
 409 
 
 of whom married Woods, of Philadelphia. By 
 his second wife (Hannah) there was no issue, and 
 it was during this marriage, or in contemplation 
 of this marriage with Hannah Carlisle, that he 
 erected the brick mansion at the Poiat, which 
 bears on its gable end the legend, "B. + H. C, 
 1734." By his third wife (Elizabeth Cole) he had 
 seven children — Joseph, of Newton, born 1735, 
 married Elizabeth Haines and died childless; 
 Benjamin, of Haddonfield, born 1737, married 
 Prudence Barton; James, of Philadelphia, born 
 1739, married Sarah Erwin, and, secondly, Han- 
 nah Saunders; Samuel, of Newton, born 1744, 
 married Prudence Brown ; William, of Waterford, 
 born 1746, married Ann Folwell ; Isaac, of Phila- 
 delphia, born 1751, married Elizabeth Lippincott ; 
 and Elizabeth, born 1756, married George Budd. 
 
 The old dwelling-house of Benjamin Cooper, 
 mentioned above, still standing near the corner of 
 Point and Erie Streets, being surrounded by a gar- 
 den of several acres, was in later years used as a 
 pleasure resort by the old residents of Camden Vil- 
 lage, Kaighnton, Dogwoodtown, Fettersville and 
 Coopers Ferry. Many of the old trees and a por- 
 tion of the shrubbery of this garden may yet be 
 seen, but are now on the property of house-owners 
 in the vicinity. The mansion is built of stone, has 
 two stories and attic, with hip-roof and dormer- 
 windows. The dimensions are twenty-four by for- 
 ty-five feet, with L extension of stone and brick 
 twenty-four by twenty -seven feet, and on the front 
 and river-side are wide piazzas. There are fifteen 
 large rooms in the mansion. It was used in 1778 
 by the British General Abercrombie as his head- 
 quarters, and when not occupied by their forces, 
 was a favorite target for the practice of the Eng- 
 lish cannoneers from the Pennsylvania side of the 
 river. In the attic is a red-oak girder cut and 
 splintered by a twelve-pound shot which entered 
 the roof, struck the girder and fell to the floor. 
 This shot is in possession of Samuel C. Cooper, of 
 State Street. This mansion was long the residence 
 of Joseph and Elizabeth (Haines) Cooper, he be- 
 ing the eldest son of Benjamin. 
 
 The two hundred and twelve acres of land which 
 Benjamin obtained from his father, Joseph, Sr., 
 was conveyed by him to his sons Joseph and Sam- 
 uel, the bulk of the property, one hundred and 
 twenty-two acres, going to Joseph, by deed dated 
 July 31, 1762, but Samuel, in 1669, received in ad- 
 dition forty-four acres, at and near the ferry, to- 
 gether with all ferry rights and privileges, and the 
 next year he built the brick ferry-house, which 
 bears initsgable-wallstheinitials " S. + P. C, 1770," 
 which stands for Samuel and Prudence Cooper. 
 
 Joseph Cooper, son of Benjamin, built upon his 
 one hundred and twenty-two acres, at the Point, 
 the brick house near the river at the head of Third 
 Street. It is constructed of English brick, alter- 
 nately red and white, and has two stories and an 
 attic, thirty-six by eighteen feet, and contains 
 nine rooms. A lean-to at the rear is fourteen by 
 eighteen and one story high. It contains the re- 
 mains of the old Dutch bake-oven of the period 
 when the house was built. On the north end, work- 
 ed in black bricks, is seen the inscription, 
 
 C which, interpreted, means Joseph and Eliz- 
 I 4- E abeth (Haines) Cooper. The house is pop- 
 1788 ularly known as the ICE-house, and is now 
 dilapidated and unoccupied. Joseph Coop- 
 er, by deed dated November 17, 1817, devised the 
 said one hundred and twenty-two acres to his 
 grand-nephew, Joseph W. Cooper, son of William, 
 son of Samuel. 
 
 The house built by Samuel Cooper was the sec- 
 ond ferry-house built at the Point. It has two 
 stories and an attic, with dormer-windows, built of 
 old English red and black brick, and has a front 
 of sixty-three feet on State Street, with an L ex- 
 tension on the side next to the river, making the 
 entire length seventy-five feet. There are twenty- 
 four large rooms in this mansion, which is still in 
 good condition, has been known as Coopers Point 
 Hotel, and in part is now used as offices of the 
 Camden and Atlantic Eailroad Company. 
 
 Samuel Cooper, son of Benjamin and Elizabeth 
 (Cole) Cooper, was born Ninth Month 25, 1744, 
 and died Sixth Month 25, 1812. He married, at 
 Evesham Meeting, in 1766, Prudence, daughter of 
 William and Elizabeth (Haines) Brown, of Notting- 
 ham, Pa. His wife. Prudence, survived him, 
 and died Eighth Month 14, 1822. For many 
 years they had resided on his farm called " Plea- 
 sant View," now Pavonia, in Stockton town- 
 ship. They had children, — Joseph, born 1767, 
 married Sarah P. Buckley, of New York; Wil- 
 liam, married Eebecca Wills; Mary, born 1766, 
 married Richard M. Cooper, of Camden ; Sarah, 
 married Henry Hull, a minister, of New York ; 
 Benjamin, born 1775, married Elizabeth Wills; 
 and Elizabeth, who died unmarried. When Sam- 
 uel withdrew from business, about 1790, and re- 
 tired to " Pleasant View," he turned over the con- 
 trol and management of the upper ferry and the 
 ferry property to his son William, and during the 
 same period the lower ferry, at Cooper Street, 
 was owned and managed by a cousin bearing the 
 same name, — William, the son of Daniel. 
 
 William, the manager of the upper ferry, at the 
 Point, was an active business man, and kept pace 
 
410 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 with the progress of the times in all things that 
 pertained to and facilitated ferrying. In later years 
 he leased the ferry and the ferry-house, and re- 
 sided in the old brick house on State Street, built 
 in 1789, and now occupied by Mrs. Sarah Gaskill 
 and Eachel Cooper, his daughters. The ferry and 
 the ferry property eventually passed to Joseph W. 
 Cooper, son of the last-named William, who con- 
 tinued it until the property was obtained and in- 
 corporated by the Coopers Point Ferry Company. 
 The land lying along the south side of the ferry 
 property was left by William Cooper (son of Sam- 
 uel), of the upper ferry, to his two grandsons, Wil- 
 liam and Samuel, the sons of Samuel H. Cooper, 
 who married Hannah Wood, and deceased in year 
 1827, and before his father, William, who died 
 Ninth Month 27, 1849. 
 
 The title to the bulk of the property lying north 
 of Birch and Pearl Streets and west of the Isaac 
 Cooper estate, has passed through, or is still re- 
 tained in, the following lines, descending from the 
 above Samuel and Prudence Cooper : 
 
 First line. — Joseph and Sarah P. (Buckley) 
 Cooper, had one posthumous child, Joseph B. 
 (born 1794, died 1862), who married Hannah Wills 
 and left two sons — (1) Charles M., (2) Joseph B. 
 
 Second line. — William and Eebecca (Wills) 
 Cooper had eight children — I. Samuel H. (born 
 1797, died 1827), who married Hannah Wood and 
 left two sons (1) William, (2) Samuel; 11. Joseph 
 W. (born 1799, died 1871), who married Eebecca 
 F. Champion and had eight children — (1) Joseph, 
 (2) Elizabeth C, (3) Samuel C, (4) Anna M., (5) 
 Mary, (6) Joseph W., (7) Ellen C. and (8) Walter 
 M. ; III. Mary W., who married William F. 
 Reeve; IV. Hannah, died unmarried; V. Eliza- 
 beth H., who married Isaac H. Wood ; VI. Sarah, 
 who married Charles C. Gaskill; VII. Rachel; 
 VIII. Prudence B., who married Emmor Reeve. 
 
 Third line. — Benjamin (born 1775, died 1842), 
 who married Elizabeth Wills and had six children 
 — I. Samuel, who died unmarried; II. Rebecca W., 
 who married John M.Kaighn ; III. Prudence, who 
 died unmarried ; IV. Benjamin W., who married 
 Lydia Lippincott and had (1) Samuel, (2) Benja- 
 min, (3) Clayton, (4) Anna ; V. William B., who 
 married Phebe Mendenhall, nie Emlen. 
 
 Samuel C. Cooper, lawyer, of State Street, is 
 the sou of Joseph W. Cooper, deceased, who was 
 the devisee of his great uncle, Joseph Cooper. 
 The lands at the Point, north of Pearl Street, were 
 laid out in town lots in 1852 by the heirs of William 
 Cooper, and by Joseph W. Cooper. The property 
 lying east of the Joseph W. Cooper tract is held by 
 the heirs of Isaac Cooper, son of Joseph, Sr. 
 
 Daniel Cooper, the youngest son of William 
 Cooper, the first settler, was about seven years of 
 age when he came with his parents to this county. 
 When twenty years of age, and in 1693, he married 
 Abigail, daughter of Henry Wood, who then re- 
 sided on the north side of Coopers Creek, near the 
 home of Lemuel Horner. On March 16, 1695, 
 William conveyed to his son Daniel, " in consider- 
 ation of y" natural love and affection which I have 
 and bear toward my son Daniel Cooper, and for 
 and towards y° preferring and advancement of him 
 in y'' world, &c., all that dwelling-house upon Del- 
 aware River wherein my said son now dwelleth, 
 together with 114 acres of land thereto adjoining, 
 which said premises were by me formerly pur- 
 chased of William Roydon." This passed the ferry 
 rights and privileges which had been granted to 
 Roydon by the Gloucester County Court in 1688, 
 the franchise extending from Coopers Creek to 
 Newton Creek. In 1717 the Legislature of Penn- 
 sylvania passed an act establishing a ferry to 
 " Daniel Cooper's landing," and January 21, 1739, 
 all of these rights were confirmed by royal patent 
 to William Cooper, son of Daniel, and a monopoly 
 thereby created giving the exclusive right of ferry 
 for two miles above and two miles below, without 
 limit of time and for a nominal tax. The above- 
 mentioned conveyance of William Cooper to his 
 son Daniel also included four separate parcels of 
 land situated on Coopers Creek, Timber Creek, 
 and the Delaware River, amounting together to 
 about one thousand acres. 
 
 Abigail, the wife of Daniel Cooper, died the 
 next year after marriage, leaving one child, 
 William, who became the heir of his father's 
 estate, and from whom all the Coopers in this 
 line living in this vicinity descend. In 1695 
 Daniel married Sarah Spicer, the daughter of 
 Samuel, who lived on the north side of Coopers 
 Creek, adjoining Henry Wood. By her he had 
 two children, Samuel and Daniel, and died in 
 1715 intestate, his eldest son, William, by the 
 English law of primogeniture, inheriting his es- 
 tate, which had been kept intact as conveyed to 
 him by his father, the first William, in 1695. 
 Prompted by a sense of fairness, William conveyed 
 of his inheritance to his half-brothers, Samuel 
 and William respectively, two hundred and 
 twenty-seven acres in Waterford township and 
 a large tract on the head- waters of the north 
 branch of Coopers Creek. On March 20, 1715,— 
 the year of his father's death — William purchased 
 thirty-eight acres fronting on Coopers Creek. In 
 1722 he bought out and obtained releases from the 
 residuary devisees of all interests and claims on the 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 411 
 
 estate of their grandfather William, the first settler, 
 and in 1723, as mentioned above, the three hun- 
 dred acres of the Eoydon survey, thus vesting in 
 himself nearly five hundred acres of the valuable 
 Delaware River front lying between the present 
 Line and Birch Streets, together with the ferry 
 privileges originally obtained by Eoydon in 1688. 
 In 1744 he conveyed to his son Daniel one hundred 
 acres, comprising land mostly below or south of 
 Plum (now Arch) Street, and in 1764 one hundred 
 acres lying between Plum and Cooper Streets to his 
 son Jacob, who, in 1773, laid out forty acres of the 
 same into a town plot and gave it the name of 
 Camden. 
 
 William Cooper (born 1694, died 1767), son of 
 Daniel, had by his first wife, Deborah Medcalf, five 
 children,— Daniel married Mary West, Jacob mar- 
 ried Mary Corker, Abigail married William Fisher, 
 Deborah married Restore Lippincott and Mary 
 married Jonathan Lynn, — and by a second wife 
 Mary Eawle, he had one child, Rebecca, who died 
 unmarried. 
 
 During the latter part of his life he resided in 
 Philadelphia, where he owned considerable real 
 estate. By his will the balance of his Delaware 
 front estate, lying north of Cooper Street to Pearl 
 Street and from the river to Seventh Street, passed 
 to his grandson, William, the eldest son of his son 
 Daniel. 
 
 Daniel Cooper, who, as above mentioned, re- 
 ceived one hundred acres from his father, William, 
 in 1744, built the large brick house lately known 
 as Parson's Hotel, now demolished, near the cor- 
 ner of Front and Federal Streets, where he re- 
 sided. On its gable was inscribed the initials, " D. 
 0. M., 1764," — i. e. Daniel and Mary Cooper. 
 Daniel Cooper, son of William, married Mary, 
 daughter of Charles and Sarah (Parsons) West, of 
 Philadelphia, and had three sons, — William, who 
 married Abigail Matlack ; James, who married 
 Priscilla Burrough ; and Joshua, who married Abi- 
 gail Stokes. 
 
 His son William (born 1740, died 1787), who 
 married Abigail Matlack, daughter of Richard and 
 Mary (Wood) Matlack, had five children, to wit : 
 (1) Daniel (born 1766, died 1804), who married 
 first Elizabeth Rogers, and secondly Deborah 
 Middleton; (2) Richard Matlack Cooper (born 
 1768, died 1844), who married Mary Cooper; (3) 
 Charles W., who married Susan Flemming, and 
 died without issue ; (4) Mary, who married Sam- 
 uel Volans of Philadelphia ; and (5) Sarah W., 
 who married Samuel W. Fisher, of Philadelphia. 
 ■ By will dated February 15, 1768, Daniel Cooper 
 devised the ferry property and adjacent land to his 
 
 sons, William and Joshua. Daniel married Mary 
 West, daughter of Charles West, of Philadelphia, 
 and died in 1776, leaving three sons, — William, 
 James and Joshua. Jacob Cooper, who received 
 one hundred acres from his father, William, in 1764, 
 after laying out the town plot of Camden, as men- 
 tioned above, sold the remainder of his holding 
 October 10, 1781, to his nephew, William Cooper, 
 the son of his brother Daniel. This remainder 
 lay mainly south of Federal Street to Line, and east 
 of West Street, towards Coopers Creek, and is 
 known as Coopers Hill, a name applied to that 
 ground rising from the marsh west of Fourth 
 Street, and south of Bridge Avenue, forming a 
 knoll then covered with stately oak and pine-trees 
 and having on the eastern slope a magnificent 
 apple orchard. Upon this hill stands the City 
 Hall, the Cooper Hospital, the Haddon Avenue 
 Station and many fine private residences. In 1776 
 Jacob Cooper gave to five trustees and their suc- 
 cessors the lots on Plum (now Arch) Street, at the 
 corner of Fifth and Sixth Streets, in trust to erect a 
 place of worship and make a grave-yard. Joshua 
 Cooper, the youngest son of Daniel, and grandson 
 of Wm. Cooper, of Philadelphia, inherited from his 
 father a portion of his land south from Plum 
 Street (now Arch Street,) and in 1803 laid out a 
 town plot adjoining that of his uncle Jacobs — town 
 of Camden. He established the ferry at the foot of 
 Federal Street, and placed it under the manage- 
 ment of his son William, but finally sold it to John 
 D. Wessels. In 1818 Joshua conveyed to Edward 
 Sharp ninety-eight acres of laud lying along the 
 river and south of Federal Street, which termi- 
 nated his interest in this locality. He built and 
 resided in the house No. 224 Federal Street, now 
 occupied by the Camden Safe Deposit Company ; 
 afterward removed with his family to New Albany, 
 Ind. Wm. Cooper, the eldest son of Daniel, in- 
 herited from his grandfather, Wm. Cooper, of Phila- 
 delphia, " the plantation called Cooper's Ferry, 
 wherein my son Daniel now dwells," which, with 
 other lands purchased from his uncle, Jacob 
 Cooper, comprised the large territory extending 
 from the Delaware River to Sixth Street, between 
 Cooper and Pearl Streets, and from West Street to 
 Coopers Creek, between Federal and Line Streets. 
 He died in 1787, and by will divided the bulk of 
 his real estate between his sons, Daniel and Rich- 
 ard M. Cooper, the land at the foot of Cooper 
 Street, to which belonged the ferry franchise, pass- 
 ing to Daniel, who died intestate in 1804, leaving 
 three daughters,— Mary Ann, who afterwards mar- 
 ried William Carman, Abigail and Esther L.,— 
 whose shares in their father's estate were set off to 
 
412 
 
 HISTOEY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 them in severalty in 1820, with the exception of 
 the share of Mary Ann Carman, which was divided 
 among and sold by her heirs. The remainder of 
 Wm. Cooper's estate vesting in Richard M. Cooper 
 and his nieces, Abigail and Esther L. Cooper, has 
 been kept intact and managed as one property for 
 their mutual benefit, first by Richard M. Cooper 
 and after his death, in 1844, by his son, William 
 D. Cooper, who had, in 1842, laid out into town 
 lots the land between West Street, Broadway, Pine 
 Street and nearly to Benson Street, known as 
 Cooper's Hill. The Cooper Street Ferry, after 
 varying fortunes, with team and steamboats, was 
 finally discontinued soon after the establishment of 
 the West Jersey Ferry at the foot of Market Street, 
 having been for many years an unprofitable asset 
 of Abigail Cooper's share. 
 
 The lands lying north of Cooper Street, between 
 that street and Pearl Street, and eastward as far 
 as Sixth Street, were laid out into town lots before 
 1852, and mainly by Wm. D. Cooper. 
 
 Richard M. Cooper (born 1768, died 1844) mar- 
 ried Mary, daughter of Samuel and Prudence 
 (Brown) Cooper, of Coopers Point, and they had 
 children, — (1) Sarah West Cooper, who died 1880, 
 unmarried; (2) Elizabeth Brown Cooper; (3) 
 Caroline Cooper, who married John C. Hull, of 
 New York City ; (4) Abigail Matlack Cooper, who 
 married Richard Wright, of Philadelphia ; (5) 
 Alexander Cooper, who married first, Hannah 
 Cooper, and secondly, Mary H. Kay, (ne^ Lippin- 
 cott) ; (6) Mary Volans Cooper, who died 1855, 
 unmarried ; (7 and 8) Richard Matlack Cooper and 
 William Daniel Cooper, twins, who both died 
 unmarried, Richard M. in 1874, and William D. 
 in 1875. 
 
 John Cooper and his Sons. — John Cooper, 
 the only son of William Cooper, eldest son of 
 William and Margaret Cooper, of Coopers Point, 
 was born at Salem, Ninth Month 22, 1683. His 
 father died in his thirty-second year, in 1691, 
 leaving him to the fostering care of his grand- 
 father Cooper. 
 
 John Cooper and his cousin, Joseph Cooper, Jr., 
 received as joint tenants from their grandfather 
 William in his lifetime, a large improved tract on 
 the creek, near its mouth, which had been surveyed 
 to him as an overplus of the original survey. 
 This land they sold and conveyed, in 1715, to 
 their cousin William, son and heir of Daniel. By 
 his grandfather's will he received a handsome leg- 
 acy, and he and his cousin, Jonathan Woblstone, 
 were made tenants in common of all land belong- 
 ing to him as the third dividend " out of the one- 
 eighth part and one-twentieth part of a Propriety." 
 
 In addition to this, John was the heir to three 
 hundred acres on a stream called Coopers Creek, 
 the largest branch of Alloways Creek, deeded to 
 his mother, Mary, by her father, Edward Bradway. 
 
 With this liberal start in life, John Cooper mar- 
 ried. Eleventh Month 1, 1711-12, in Chesterfield 
 Meeting, Anne Clarke, and soon after settled per- 
 manently in Deptford township, Gloucester 
 County. 
 
 He was early called to the services in the meeting 
 in 1711, and meetings for worship were for some 
 time held at his house ; and together with his cousin 
 Joseph, Jr., and William Evans, acted as the first 
 three trustees of Haddonfield Meeting in 1721, 
 and was soon appointed to the station of an elder, 
 " for which his religious experience and a divine 
 gift had qualified him." He was a public Friend 
 of much weight, and frequently traveled in the 
 ministry. A memorial was issued by the Glouces- 
 ter and Salem Quarterly Meeting, held at Had- 
 donfield in 1756, in which the above and the fol- 
 lowing clear testimony is borne : " He was often 
 concerned for the well ordering of the church in 
 its several branches, carefiil to demean himself as 
 became an humble follower of the Lamb, show- 
 ing it clearly by his good example among men 
 and in a particular manner before his own family. 
 . . . He departed this life the 22nd day of 9th 
 mo. 1730, in the 48th year of his age." His widow, 
 Anne, died Twelfth Month 17, 1766. They had three 
 sons, — James and David who were distinguished 
 as ministers among Friends, and John, provided 
 for in his father's will as " a child unborn," was 
 prominent as a delegate to the First Continental 
 Congress in 1776. The testimony from Woodbury 
 Monthly Meeting concerning James Cooper sets 
 forth that " In the 41st year of his age he appear- 
 ed in the ministry, in the exercise of which he 
 was diffident and cautious. . . . As he grew in 
 years he increased in the gift of the ministry, 
 which was sound and edifying. . . . He had a 
 compassionate feeling for the poor and needy, be- 
 stowing his goods cheerfully to them, and was lib- 
 eral in entertaining friends, his heart and home 
 being open for that purpose.'' He died at Wood- 
 bury Eighth Month 3, 1798, in his seventy-first year. 
 His brother, David Cooper, also a minister, died 
 Eleventh Month 5, 1795, in his seventy-second yeai, 
 and the memorial published by the same meeting 
 on occasion of his death, bears testimony that "He 
 was endowed with superior talents, was a useful 
 member in the community, in religious meetings 
 he was solid and weighty, sound in judgment and 
 clear in expression. He was a firm advocate for' 
 the liberty of the black people and a liberal pro- 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 413 
 
 moter of schools." David Cooper was tte author 
 of " Thoughts on Death," and of " Counsel and 
 Instruction to his Grandchildren." In 1761 he 
 represented his county in the General Assembly. 
 In the Pemberton letters, 1764, it appears that 
 David was interested in the Moravian Indians as 
 their friend and protector. 
 
 John Cooper, the third son, was born Jan- 
 uary 5, 1729, in Deptford township, Gloucester 
 County, about one mile below Woodbury. Some 
 time prior to the Eevolution he built and moved 
 into the iine old-fashioned brick house in Wood- 
 bury, opposite the county clerk's oifice, where 
 he lived the remainder of his life a bachelor. At 
 the outset of the Eevolution he embraced the 
 cause of the colonies with fervor, and when the Com- 
 mittee of Correspondence for Gloucester County 
 was formed, on May 5, 1775, he was chosen one of 
 the members. Thenceforth until his death he was, 
 with hardly an intermission, continuously called 
 to fill important public offices of trust and respon- 
 sibility. He was elected to the Second Provincial 
 Congress that met at Trenton, May 23, 1775, and 
 re-elected to the Third. 
 
 On the last day of the first session of the latter 
 he was appointed treasurer for the Western Divi- 
 sion of New Jersey, and at the second session was, 
 on February 14, 1776, chosen a delegate to the 
 Continental Congress, his associates being William 
 Livingston, John De Hart, Eichard Smith and 
 Jonathan Dickinson Seargeant. His name does 
 not appear on the published minutes of this Con- 
 gress audit is uncertain whether he attended or not. 
 
 It is certain that he did not attend after the 
 meeting of the Fourth Provincial Congress, to 
 which he had been again chosen, and where he 
 was in daily attendance from its opening, on the 
 10th of June, 1776, to the 15th of July, when he 
 was compelled to leave, it is said, from sickness. 
 While there he took a prominent and decided part 
 in its proceedings, being appointed one of the com- 
 mittee to draft a Constitution for the new States, 
 and chairman of the committee to prepare a bill 
 regulating the first election under that Constitution, 
 and voting on the 21st of June to establish an in- 
 dependent government for the colony, and on 
 Tuesday, July 2d, for the adoption of the new 
 Constitution he had helped to draft. 
 
 At the first election held under the new Consti- 
 tution he was chosen by the people of Gloucester 
 County to represent them in the Legislative Coun- 
 cil. He and Eichard Smith, who were the only 
 members who took the affirmation of Friends, were 
 appointed by the Council its representatives on the 
 joint committee to form the Great Seal of the State. 
 49 
 
 Thus publicly assuming his share of the respon- 
 sibilities of the American cause, he had become so 
 marked a "rebel" that in the winter of 1777, when 
 the British army was foraging in Gloucester 
 County, he was compelled to flee from his house, 
 which Lord Cornwallis seized and occupied as 
 headquarters during the stay of his army in the 
 neighborhood of Woodbury, the soldiers prying 
 open the doors and cupboards with their bayonets, 
 leaving marks that can still be seen. 
 
 He was continued by successive elections a mem- 
 ber of Council for each year until 1782, being a 
 diligent and leading member, rarely absent from 
 his seat. There is scarcely a day when his name 
 does not appear on the minutes in active participa- 
 tion in the busy and difficult affairs of the times ; 
 no member being oftener appointed on prominent 
 committees and none reporting more important 
 measures for the carrying on of the government 
 than he. 
 
 During the recess of the Legislature in 1779, 
 moved by the great sufiering of the officers and 
 troops of the Jersey brigade stationed at Eliza- 
 bethtown for the want of sufficient clothing, he 
 joined with Governor Livingston and seven others 
 in a request to the treasurer to furnish clothing to 
 the army in any amount not exceeding seven 
 thousand pounds, agreeing to return that sum of 
 money to the treasury if the Legislature should 
 make no provision therefor. Upon this guarantee 
 the clothing was furnished and the Legislature, at 
 its next sitting, sanctioned it. He was chosen a 
 member of the Council for Safety for the year 
 1778. At the election by the Legislature in 1783 
 he was the candidate for Governor in opposition 
 to Livingston, who was elected. 
 
 To him belongs, the credit of taking, while the 
 contest of the colonies for their freedom was yet 
 undecided, the first step ever taken in the Legis- 
 lature of New Jersey for the freeing of the slaves. 
 On September 21, 1780, he introduced a bill enti- 
 tled, "An act to abolish slave-keeping," which, on 
 its second reading, after considerable debate, was, 
 on account of the near close of the session, post- 
 poned for the consideration of the next Legisla- 
 ture. Early in the next session he was careful to' 
 call the subject to the attention of his fellow-mem- 
 bers by moving for leave to bring in a bill entitled, 
 "An act to abolish slavery throughout this State." 
 But this was a philanthropic move too far in ad- 
 vance of the times to be adopted by the Council, 
 and it was lost. Firm, however, in his anti-slavery 
 convictions, he did not abandon the subject, but 
 waited until the colonies had won their independ- 
 ence before he again urged it in the Legislature. 
 
414 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 He was not a member of Council in 1782 or 1783, 
 but was once more chosen in 1784 and on Novem- 
 ber 4th he renewed his efforts to make New Jersey 
 a free State indeed by moving for the appointment 
 of a joint committee to enter into a "a free con- 
 ference" on (among other things) the subject of 
 the gradual abolition of slavery within this State. 
 But the Council was still not ready for so advanced 
 a step and it was again lost. 
 
 At the joint session held at Mount Holly in 
 December, 1779, he was elected president, or as it 
 was then called, first judge of the Court of Com- 
 mon Pleas of Gloucester County for the full term 
 of five years. The court minutes show that not- 
 withstanding the claim upon his time the frequent 
 sessions of the Legislature caused, he was regularly 
 in attendance at every term of the court. On De- 
 cember 21, 1784, he was re-elected first judge and 
 sat at the term commencing on the third Tuesday 
 in March, 1785, between which time and the 11th 
 day of April, when his will was proven, he died. 
 The exact date is unknown. 
 
 Joseph Coopee, Jr., of Newton township, Old 
 Gloucester County, born in 1691, was eldest son of 
 Joseph and Lydia (Eiggs) Cooper, and grandson 
 of William and Margaret, the emigrants. 
 
 Joseph, Jr., was in many respects a remark- 
 able man and his memory is well worthy of perpet- 
 uation. He was early called to places of honor 
 and trust, and was continued in them during life, 
 being emphatically a man of action and affairs. 
 For nineteen consecutive years he represented his 
 county in the State Legislature, "in a manner sat- 
 isfactory and acceptable, and," says Judge Clem- 
 ent, the historiographer of Newton, "no like con- 
 fidence has been extended to any representative 
 of the constituency of this region." Smith, the 
 historian, who knew him well, tells us that " he had 
 steady principles and a nobility of disposition and 
 fortitude superior to many," and relates, that atone 
 of the tedious sessions in Governor Morris' times, 
 when contrariety of sentiments had long impeded 
 business, the Governor, casually meeting the repre- 
 sentative in the street, said : " Cooper, I wish you 
 would go home and send your wife." " I will," 
 answered Cooper, "if the Governor will do the 
 sameby his," — an anecdote illustrative of the polit- 
 ical antagonism of the men, as well as deservedly 
 expressive, says Smith, of the estimation placed 
 upon the mental capacity of their respective wives. 
 
 Cooper was also treasurer of his town and judge 
 of the Gloucester County Court. He and his cousin, 
 John Cooper, of Deptford, a minister, with Wm. 
 Evans, were the first trustees of Haddonfield 
 Meeting in 1721, in which meeting he was an elder. 
 
 being called to the service in 1723. He resided on 
 a farm deeded to him by his father in 1714, of four 
 hundred and thirty acres of land on the south side 
 of Coopers Creek, and his house stands near the 
 junction of the present Haddon and Kaighn Ave- 
 nues, within the city limits. 
 
 This plantation passed under his will, by rever- 
 sion and remainder, to his younger brother Isaac, 
 and has since passed by heir female to the Cope fam- 
 ily. He died Eighth Month 1, 1749, having surviv- 
 ed all of his descendants except three granddaugh- 
 ters. A plantation of six hundred acres on the 
 south side of the south branch of Coopers Creek, 
 which came to him from his grandfather William, 
 the patriarch, he directed should be divided into 
 three farms for his granddaughters. The farm- 
 house on this tract was built before 1726, and 
 stands near Peterson's mill, not far from Ashland 
 Station. The Haddonfield Monthly Meeting, in 
 their testimonial published on the occasion of his 
 death, have placed on record ample evidence of 
 the high estimation in which he was held by the 
 Society of Friends. 
 
 Joseph and Samuel Coopee,, of the Point.— 
 Jos. Cooper, born at Coopers Point, Twelfth Month 
 1, 1736, a son of Benjamin and Elizabeth (Cole) 
 Cooper, was fourth in descent from the emigrants, 
 William and Margaret Cooper. He married 
 Elizabeth Haines, and occupied the brick home- 
 stead house, a portion of which yet stands on the 
 corner of Point and Erie Streets, bearing on one of 
 its gables the legend " B. -1- H. C, 1734," being the 
 initials of his father, Benjamin, and his second 
 wife, Hannah, who died without issue. In 1788 
 Joseph built the brick home at the Point, in the 
 gable of which is set in black brick the initials 
 "C 
 
 I-f E 
 1788." 
 They lived in this house to an advanced age, and 
 died without issue. 
 
 Mr. Cooper was a model farmer gentleman. 
 Possessed of an independent fortune and cultivat- 
 ing a highly improved plantation, he devoted his 
 time and means to the advancement 'of improve- 
 ments in agriculture and general farming. His 
 orchards and grapery were most productive, and 
 probably were in a higher state of cultivation than 
 any in West Jersey; he was also the successful 
 introducer of fruits and vegetables not indigenous 
 to the soil of New Jersey. Dr. Pickering said of 
 him that " he was the shrewdest man he ever 
 knew, and possessed of the strongest mind.'' 
 His ability was fully recognized by his neighbors 
 and he was much employed in the church affairs 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 415 
 
 of the Society of Friends. He and his wife, 
 Elizabeth, were widely known for their unfailing 
 hospitality and were greatly respected in the com- 
 munity at large. He and his brother Samuel 
 (born Sixth Month 25, 1744) were stanch Whigs and 
 patriots. They were both imprisoned by the Brit- 
 ish and their property burnt, destroyed or appro- 
 priated. Their lands were held by the enemy as 
 an outpost to the army of occupation in Philadel- 
 phia. The English General Abercrombie occupied 
 the farm-house'of Joseph as headquarters, while the 
 Hessians and Scotch were quartered on the property 
 of his brother Samuel at the ferry, who was kindly 
 allotted the use of his own kitchen for the shelter of 
 his family. Samuel, writing at this dismal period 
 (May, 1778), says : " I can stand and see them cut, 
 pull down, burn and destroy all before them and 
 not think more of it than I used to think of see- 
 ing a shingle burnt. When they (his Tory neigh- 
 bors) tell me they will ruin me, I tell them I 
 shall be able to buy one-half of them in seven 
 years," — a prediction literally fulfilled. In the 
 same year Samuel was betrayed to the enemy by 
 one of his domestics, and seized as a spy, was sent 
 to Philadelphia. Escaping from his guard through 
 the influence of a friend, he obtained a pass from 
 the general commanding, saved his neck and re- 
 joined his family, as he quaintly tells us, " to the 
 great mortification of a great many of my old 
 friends and new enemies,, who stood in clusters 
 and pointed at me as I was going to the General's, 
 and followed me to see me go to Goal, (jail) "where 
 many of them said I should have been long ago — 
 but alas ! they were all disappointed." 
 
 The substantial brick building at the ferry, 
 marked on the gable with "S. + P. C, 1770," was 
 the early home ofSamuel and Prudence Cooper. It 
 is now known as Coopers Point Hotel, and a por- 
 tion is used as oflSces of the Camden and Atlantic 
 Railroad Company. The later years of his life 
 were passed on his farm of three hundred and 
 forty-three acres, called "Pleasant View" (now 
 Pavonia), in Stockton township, where he died' in 
 1812. John Hunt, a minister of note, made the 
 following entry in his journal : 
 
 " Ninth Month 22, 1812. Heard of the death 
 of Samuel Cooper, aged about seventy, an old 
 schoolmate. He owned the ferry opposite Phila- 
 delphia, and although he had great possessions 
 and was counted rich, yet he retired from busi- 
 ness, obtained a right among Friends, became a 
 much approved man, and was very useful in the 
 Society, and also open-hearted and kind in en- 
 tertaining Friends, so that he will be very much 
 missed in the neighborhood and in society." 
 
 Samuel and Prudence had had children, — Joseph, 
 William, Benjamin, Mary, Sarah and Elizabeth. 
 
 Joseph and Samuel had a brother Benjamin, of 
 Haddonfield, who, by his first wife. Prudence Barton,, 
 had an only son, James B. Cooper, born March 6, 
 1763, soldier and sailor, who served on laud and sea, 
 . filling honorable and responsible positions in army 
 and navy during two wars — 1776 and 1812. He 
 served with distinction in the War of '76, under 
 Lee and Marion, and his services in the navy 
 during the War of 1812 were especially recognized 
 and honored by the President. Commander 
 Cooper died at Haddonfield, in the ninety-third 
 year of his age, being the last survivor of Lee's 
 Legion and the senior commander in the United 
 States navy. (See page 60.) 
 
 Joseph Cooper, one of the subjects of this sketch 
 being childless, named in his will a grand-nephew, 
 Joseph W. Cooper (son of William), born Seventh 
 Month 22, 1799, as the chief beneficiary under 
 that instrument, devising to him the lands in Cam- 
 den lying near the Upper Ferry, the same being a 
 large part of the original survey made by William 
 Cooper in 1680. 
 
 Samuel Champion Cooper, of Coopers Point, 
 counselor-at-law, son of Joseph W. Cooper, is the 
 representative of this branch, and the able and ex- 
 perienced manager of their large estates. 
 
 Eakly Settlements and Land Tkans- 
 
 FEES ON THE SiTE OF SOUTH CAMDEN. — The 
 
 foregoing, in its large divisions, comprise the orig- 
 inal Cooper and Eoydon surveys. Below the 
 tract on the river was the tract surveyed to Samuel 
 Norris, in May, 1685. He bought a share of Pro- 
 priety of the trustees of Edward Byllynge, in 1678, 
 and located several tracts of land in different parts 
 of West Jersey, of which this was one. On 
 October 12th following he leased twenty acres 
 of this survey to John Ashton, who built a house 
 upon it, and sold the remainder of the survey to 
 Robert Turner, September 21, 1686, and who 
 bought the lease of Ashton, May 5, 1689. The 
 meadow lots, which lay on both sides of Little 
 Newton Creek (Kaighns Run), and had been divided 
 between the settlers at Newton, part were sold as 
 follows : No. 1 was sold by Stephen Newbie, son of 
 Mark, to John Kaighn, July 20, 1699. No. 2 was 
 sold by Thomas Thackara, June 16, 1693, to John 
 Burrough, who conveyed to Robert Turner, July 
 6, 1696, and he to John Kaighn, Tenth Month (Jan- 
 uary) 14, 1696. No. 3 William Bates conveyed 
 to his son Jeremiah, November 10, 1693, who sold 
 to John Kaighn, March 1, 1697. No. 4 Thomas 
 Sharp sold to Robert Turner, April 12, 1693, who 
 sold to John Kaighn, Tenth Month 14, 1696. 
 
416 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 No. 5 Robert Zane left, by will, twenty-four and 
 three-fourths acres, also fronting on the river^ 
 Eleventh Month 27, 1694, to his three sons, — 
 Nathaniel, Elnathan and Robert. This was sold 
 to John Kaighn, Eleventh Month 6, 1698, and 
 Tenth Month 1, 1702. No. 6, originally laid 
 out to Turner, was sold to John Kaighn, Tenth 
 Month 14, 1696. All these lots lay on the north 
 side of the stream. On the same date the last was 
 purchased, and by the same deed Robert Turner also 
 sold to John Kaighn four hundred and flfty-five 
 acres, lying north of the meadow-lands and Kaighns 
 Run, embracing part of the Norris survey and ex- 
 tending from Line Street to Little Newton Creek. 
 John Kaighn was evidently a native of the " Isle 
 of Man." He was a carpenter and came to By- 
 berry about 1690. In 1693 he married Ann For- 
 rest, widow of William Forrest and daughter of 
 William Albertson, of Newton township. A 
 daughter was born to them, June 24, 1694, who 
 was named Ann. The mother died July 6th fol- 
 lowing, and the daughter died, unmarried, in 1715. 
 John Kaighn purchased of Robert Turner four 
 hundred and fifty-five acres of land, as above 
 stated, and part of the remainder of the meadow 
 lots within a few years. In the same year (1696) 
 he married, as a second wife, Sarah, the widow of 
 Andrew Griscom and sister of John Dole, who 
 then lived in Newton township. Andrew Griscom, 
 the first husband of Sarah (Dole), was the owner 
 of a tract of land adjoining that lately bought by 
 John Kaighn, and it was also a part of the Norris 
 survey. The title to the tract is not known, but 
 in 1723 it was the property of John Kaighn. 
 
 Andrew Griscom had two children by his wife, — 
 Tobias and Sarah. From Tobias the family name is 
 still known in this region. William Griscom (of 
 Haddonfield before and during the Revolution) was 
 his son. Another son, Samuel, was a carpenter, 
 lived in Philadelphia and assisted in building In- 
 dependence Hall. 
 
 John Kaighn, after his purchase of land in 
 Newton township (now Camden), settled upon it 
 and built the house now owned by Charles Mc- 
 Alister. By his second wife he had two sons, — 
 John, born December 30, 1700, and Joseph, born 
 December 4, 1702. His wife died soon after the 
 birth of Joseph. Jane Kaighn, mother of John, 
 then living at Kirk on the Isle of Man, addressed 
 a letter, dated August 26, 1702, "To John Kaighn, 
 Linener, in West New Jersey, nigh on Delaware 
 river side, opposite to Philadelphia city, America," 
 in which she informed him of the death of his 
 father and other family news. On the same sheet 
 John Kaighn wrote an unfinished letter to his 
 
 mother, without date, in which he said that he 
 had " lost two good and loveing wives in a few 
 years' time, and left alone with young babes, the 
 youngest still at nurse." He married, in 1710, 
 as a third wife, Elizabeth Hill, of Burlington. 
 In 1699 John Kaighn was chosen as one of the 
 judges of Gloucester County, and served three 
 years. In 1708 he became one of the trustees of 
 Newton Meeting, and, in 1710, represented Glou- 
 cester County in the Legislature. He died in 
 1724 and his will was proved June 12th, in that 
 year, by which he left a house and lot in Philadel- 
 phia to his wife, Elizabeth, and his real estate in 
 Newton township to his two sons, John and 
 Joseph. 
 
 About 1726 John conveyed his interest in the 
 home property to his brother, Joseph Kaighn, who 
 held it until his death, in 1749. He (Joseph) in 
 1727 married Mary, daughter of James Estaugh, 
 of Philadelphia, and niece of John Estaugh, of 
 Haddonfield, by whom he had five children, — 
 Joseph, John (who became a physician, and died 
 unmarried), Isaac (who died in his minority), 
 Jaines and Elizabeth. 
 
 In 1732 John Kaighn, Jr., the eldest son of John 
 Kaighn, and brother of Joseph, married Abigail 
 Hinchman, and as a blacksmith followed his busi- 
 ness at Haddonfield for several years, and removed 
 to a farm on Newton Creek, where he died in 1749, 
 and was buried in the old Newton grave-yard. 
 His children were Sarah, Elizabeth, Samuel, 
 John and Ann. His widow, Abigail, about 1760, 
 married Samuel Harrison, of Gloucester. She sur- 
 vived her second husband, and died in 1795, at the 
 house of her son-in-law, Richard Edwards, at 
 Taunton Iron- Works. 
 
 The family of Kaighns and the Kaighn estate 
 came down through the line of Joseph and Mary. 
 Joseph in his will, dated May 7, 1749, says, in de- 
 fining a boundary between part of his lands, " Be- 
 ginning at the Delaware River, thence east up the 
 middle of the lane." This lane was afterwards ex- 
 tended, and is now Kaighn Avenue. 
 
 The children of Jos. Kaighn and Mary Estaugh 
 Kaighn, who succeeded to the estate, were Joseph, 
 James, John, Isaac and Elizabeth. To James was 
 left part of the estate south of the lane (Kaighn 
 Avenue), to Joseph part of the land south and to 
 John, Isaac and Elizabeth, the land north of the 
 
 lane. Elizabeth married Donaldson. Joseph, 
 
 the eldest son of Joseph, upon receiving the 
 land on the south side from his father, in 1749, 
 built, a few years later, the house long known as 
 the Ferry House, yet standing, but is now de- 
 voted to other uses. He married Prudence Butcher, 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 417 
 
 by whom he had four children, but one of whom, 
 Joseph, arrived at maturity, and in 1795 married 
 Sarah Mickle, a daughter of Joseph Mickle. A 
 man of ability and positive convictions he early 
 became a prominent citizen, being frequently 
 elected by the Whig party, to which he belonged, 
 to the State Legislature, both to the house of As- 
 sembly and to the Council. He was one of the 
 small band of far-seeing people who believed in 
 the feasibility, as well as the desirability, of a rail- 
 road between Philadelphia and New York, and in 
 the Legislature became a most earnest advocate 
 of the granting of the charter for The Camden and 
 Amboy Rail Road, and largely through his efforts 
 its passage was secured, he being one of the in- 
 corporators and a director till his death, and one 
 of the party who first went over the proposed 
 route of the road. While in the Legislature he 
 was an influential member of the committee that 
 built the State prison at Trenton. Early interested 
 in ferries he was prominent in the establishment 
 of the first steamboat running from Kaighns Point 
 to Philadelphia, and was a director in the Federal 
 Street ferry from its organization until his death. 
 Throughout his life he was a most publics-pirited 
 man and widely known throughout the State. He 
 died February 23d, 1841, his wife surviving him 
 until 1842. Their children were John M., who 
 married Rebecca, daughter of Benjamin Cooper ; 
 Charles, married to Mary Cooper, of Woodbury ; 
 William R., married Rachel Cole (Burrough), 
 widow ; and Mary, who married John Cooper, of 
 Woodbury. The children of James were Isaac; 
 Mary, died young; John, married Elizabeth 
 Bartram ; Elizabeth, married Jonathan Knight ; 
 James ; Hannah, married Benjamin Dugdale ; 
 Sarah; Mary; Ann, who died in 1880; aged eighty- 
 eight years ; and Charity and Grace (twins), both 
 now deceased. The lands of James that lay north 
 of the dividing line and on the river, were laid 
 out into lots in 1812, and from that time to the 
 present, adjoining lands have been gradually laid 
 out and built upon until the entire Kaighn estate 
 is now laid out into streets and lots. 
 
 The land now in the city of Camden, lying south 
 and east of Kaighns Run and to Newton Creek, was 
 located by Robert Turner, of whom an account 
 will be found in the history of Haddon township ; 
 four hundred and twenty acres adjoining Newton 
 Creek, and two hundred acres on the river were 
 located by Richard Arnold, which was surveyed 
 March 1, 1700. He sold it to Martin Jarvis, who, in 
 the same year, sold two hundred and eight acres to 
 John Wright, who sold to John Champion ; the rest 
 of the tract passed to Jacob Coffing. In 1790 the 
 
 greater part of the land became the estate of Isaac 
 Mickle, Jr. A portion of the land lying on the 
 Delaware River, south and west of Kaighns Run, 
 was sold by Turner to Archibald Mickle, then of 
 Philadelphia. He was a native of Lisburn, a town in 
 the county Antrim, Ireland, and a member of the 
 Society of Friends. With many others of the same 
 faith, he left his native land and came to this 
 country and landed in Philadelphia August 2, 1682. 
 He was by trade a cooper, and probably remained 
 in that city several years, as coopers were in con- 
 siderable demand along the sea-coast. In 1686 he 
 married Sarah Watts, in the Philadelphia Meeting, 
 of which he was a member. 
 
 In 1690 he purchased two hundred and fifty 
 acres of land in Newton township of Robert Tur- 
 ner. It was near the head of the south branch of 
 Newton Creek, adjoining land of Francis Collins. 
 It afterward passed to Joseph Lowe, who settled 
 upon it. The meadow lands on Kaighns Run 
 passed from the original proprietor to others, and 
 that on the south side of the run was conveyed 
 with other lands to Robert Turner, at one time 
 the largest land-owner in Newton township. On 
 the 16th of May, 1697, Archibald Mickle pur- 
 chased of Robert Turner four hundred and seventy- 
 six acres of land and thirty-two acres of the mea- 
 dow lands. The purchase fronted on the Delaware 
 and extended along Kaighns Run. A house occu- 
 pied by Thomas Spearman was on the land at the 
 time of purchase and it is shown on the Thomas 
 Sharp map of 1700 as being on the bank of the 
 river between the meadow lots and the south line, 
 and where the old Isaac Mickle house is situated. 
 At this place Isaac Mickle resided until his death, 
 in 1706. By his will the estate was left to his ' 
 widow, Sarah, and to his children — Samuel, 
 Daniel, Archibald, Joseph, James, Sarah (wife of 
 Ezekiel Siddons), Mary (wife of Arthur Powell) 
 and Rachael (wife of Benjamin Cooper). The 
 widow bought the rights of Samuel, Daniel, Sarah, 
 Mary and Rachel, and upon her death, in October, 
 1718, the real estate, by her will, was devised to 
 Archibald, James and Joseph, who, by quit-claim 
 dated March 20, 1727, conveyed to each other 
 these lands in severalty in equal division. The 
 eldest son (John) of Archibald married Hannah, 
 the daughter of Wm. Cooper (2d), and in 1703 
 settled in Gloucester township, where he died in 
 1744. He was appointed judge of Gloucester 
 County in 1733, and served several years. 
 
 Of the lands now in Camden City, the portion 
 inherited by Joseph passed to the Kaighn family, 
 and the land of Archibald and James in later 
 years came to Isaac Mickle, Sr., a grandson of Ar- 
 
418 
 
 HISTOKY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEKSEY. 
 
 chibald and Sarah, who married Sarah Burroughs 
 and in 1780 conveyed the land to his nephew, 
 Isaac Mickle, Jr. 
 
 This last-mentioned property remained in the 
 Mickle family many years and is now the' southern 
 portion of the city, and laid out in avenues and 
 town lots. 
 
 Isaac Mickle, author of " Reminiscences of Old 
 Gloucester," was a descendant of the family. 
 
 The fisheries along the Mickle lands were in 
 1818 conducted by John W. Mickle, one of the de- 
 scendants. 
 
 Martin Jarvis, of whom mention is made, was a 
 son of John Jarvis, of Eoscoe, Kings County, Ire- 
 land, and a Friend, who, in 1688, with his son 
 Martin, came to New Jersey to avoid the persecu- 
 tion of the Papists. They first stopped at the 
 house of George Goldsmith, in Newton township, 
 but in 1691 the father settled in Cape May County 
 and in 1701 returned to Ireland, and Martin pur- 
 chased land on Newton Creek, as mentioned. In 
 1705 he bought a house and lot in Philadelphia, on 
 the west side of Second Street, between Market and 
 Chestnut, where he resided until his death in 1742, 
 aged sixty-seven years. He married Mary Cham- 
 pion, a daughter of John, who settled on Coopers 
 Creek. 
 
 Prior to 1761 the only roads that led to Coopers 
 Ferries were mere bridle-paths, but on the 8th of 
 June in that year commissioners laid out on the 
 linejrfCooper Street a road from the King's High- 
 way leading from Haddonfield, four poles wide, to 
 Cooper's Ferry — it being the old Eoydon ferry near 
 the foot of Cooper St., then kept by Daniel Cooper, 
 son of William, the grandson of Wm. Cooper, the 
 first settler. In the next year the bridge was built 
 across Coopers Creek at the eastern end of Federal 
 Street and the road widened and improved to the 
 Cooper Street Ferry. This was the Great Road 
 to Burlington. In the same year Benjamin Cooper 
 laid out a road from his ferry, now the Camden and 
 Atlantic Ferry, to the new bridge over Coopers 
 Creek. That road was later Main Street and is 
 now mostly occupied by the track of the Camden 
 and Atlantic Railroad. The Haddonfield road 
 joined the road from Coopers Creek bridge to the 
 ferry at what is now Fifth Street. On December 
 7, 1763, a road was laid from Coopers Point to 
 the bridge over Timber Creek. It left the ferry 
 road below Front Street and near the old Ferry 
 House. Federal Street was laid out as a road about 
 1764 (when the ferry was established), Plum Street 
 in 1803 — all converging towards Coopers Creek 
 bridge. 
 
 Jacob Cooper, in his town plan of 1773, laid out 
 
 as the north line the old Ferry Road and called it 
 Cooper Street, and also laid out Market Street. 
 These streets extended from the river to Pine or 
 Sixth Street. The Chews Landing road was 
 laid about 1800, and the Kaighns Point road 
 about 1810, soon after the ferry was established at 
 that place. 
 
 When the town was incorporated as a city, in 
 1828, all the old streets. Cooper, Market, Plum 
 (now Arch), and Federal Streets centred on the old 
 road to the ferry at Twelfth Street. Several of 
 these early roads within the bounds of the city have 
 been vacated and entirely lost sight of. 
 
 FiEST Town Plan of Camden. — Jacob Cooper, 
 a son of William and Deborah (Medcalf) Cooper, 
 was a merchant in Philadelphia, and conceiving 
 the idea that at a future day the great crossing- 
 place on the Delaware known as Cooper's Ferries 
 would be a town of considerable importance, 
 obtained of his father, April 23, 1764, one hundred 
 acres of land lying on the river north of a tract of 
 one hundred acres owned by his brother Daniel. 
 The north line of the tract was the old bridle-path 
 to the ferries, and which, in 1761, was laid out as 
 part of the road from Haddonfield to the ferry, 
 then at the foot of Cooper Street. 
 
 In the year 1773 he laid out forty acres of this 
 tract into streets and lots, and named it after the 
 Earl of Camden, who was a firm friend and ally 
 of Lord Chatham in the struggle for constitutional 
 liberty in the colonies. The old road on the north 
 side he named Cooper Street. Market Street was 
 also by him laid out from the river to what is now 
 Sixth Street. The south line of the plot was mid- 
 way between Market Street and Plum (now Arch). 
 Streets were laid out from Cooper Street eastward 
 as follows: King (now Front), Queen (now Se- 
 cond),Whitehall (now Third), Cherry (now Fourth), 
 Cedar (now Fifth) and Pine (now Sixth). The 
 names were changed to the present at the incor- 
 poration of the city, in 1828. The Pablic Square 
 located at the intersection of Market and Third 
 Streets, was at the same time laid out. The lots were 
 one hundred and sixty in number. The first eight 
 lots fronted on the river and extended back to 
 Front Street. No. 1 was on Cooper Street. One 
 hundred and twenty-six of these lots, with the 
 exceptions of Nos. 24, 30 and 32, were sold by 
 Jacob Cooper. The names of purchasers, with 
 number of lot, are here given : 
 
 1. Lyon and Falconer. 
 
 2. Robert Parrish. 
 
 3. Andrew Foray th. 
 
 4. Robert Parrish. 
 
 5. Isaac Coates. 
 
 6. Thomas Mifflin. 
 
 7. A. Todd and J. Hartley. 
 
 8. Barzilla Lippincott. 
 
 9. Lyon and Falconer. 
 
 10. Lyon and Falconer. 
 
 11. William Moulder. 
 12-13-14. Samuel Noble. 
 
Plan of the Town of Camden, in the Township of Newton, 
 in the County of Gloucester, in the State of New Jersey, as 
 laid out by Jacob Cooper, 1773, and also an addition of 
 twenty-ulue lots by JoshuA Cooper, in the year 1803. 
 
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 Laid off by Edward Shaip, AprU 10th, 
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 Cooper, adjoining Camden, on both sides 
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 Becorded, July 3d, 1820. 
 
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 The lots North and East of .the dotted line, were laid 
 out by Jacob Cooper, in 1773. 
 
 The lots included within the dotted line, were laid 
 out by Joshua Cooper, in 1803. 
 
 The lots South and West of the dotted line were laid 
 out by Edward Sharp, in 1820. 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 419 
 
 15. WUliam Wane. 
 
 56. John Kearaley. 
 
 16. James Ark, 
 
 58. Moses Bai-tram. 
 
 17. David Dominick. 
 
 59. George Barti-am, 
 
 18. Samuel Miles. 
 
 60. Barzilla Lippincott. 
 
 19. Thomas Mifflin. 
 
 61-62. James Cooper. 
 
 20. Nicholas Hicks. 
 
 63. John Eldridge. 
 
 21. Isaac Coates. 
 
 64. Samuel Miles. 
 
 22. Israel Oa^sellandJon. Davis. 
 
 65. James Coffe. 
 
 23. Allen Cathcart and Henry 
 
 68. JohnBeedle. 
 
 Casdrope. 
 
 71. John Beedle. 
 
 25. Isaac Mickle (bought after 
 
 73. George Bartram. 
 
 Jacob Cooper's death). 
 
 74. Moses Bartram. 
 
 26. William Adams. 
 
 75. John Brown. 
 
 27. Vincent Mari Polosi. 
 
 76. Joseph Brown. 
 
 28. Nicholas Hicks. 
 
 77. George Naper. 
 
 . 29. Jonathan Shoemaker. 
 
 78. Samuel Powell. 
 
 30. V. M. Polosi. 
 
 79. Thomas Lewis. 
 
 31. Christopher Perkins. 
 
 81-82. William Eigden. 
 
 32. V. M. Polosi. 
 
 83. Samuel Powell. 
 
 33. William Adams. 
 
 84. George Hopper. 
 
 34. Samuel Noble, 
 
 85. Joseph Brown. 
 
 35-36. Aquilla Jones. 
 
 86. John Brown. 
 
 37. Samuel Bryau. 
 
 88. William Brown. 
 
 39. Jacob Speeder. 
 
 91. John Eldridge. 
 
 42. James Cooper. 
 
 92. James Seeves. 
 
 43. Samuel Kobins. 
 
 93 to 98. John Haltzell. 
 
 44. Joseph Budd. 
 
 101. John Haltzell. 
 
 45. James Channell. 
 
 102-103. Benjamin Horner. 
 
 46. John Porter. 
 
 108-109. Edward Gibbs. 
 
 47. John Keai-sley. 
 
 110-111-112. Samuel Hopkins. 
 
 48. Andrew Burkhart. 
 
 115-116. Martin Fisher. 
 
 49, John Fenton. 
 
 120. Richard Townsend. 
 
 50-51. William Rush. 
 
 121. John Eldridge. 
 
 52. Benjamin Town. 
 
 122. Mathias Gilbert. 
 
 53. John Poi-ter. 
 
 126. John Haltzell. 
 
 54. John Keai-sley. 
 
 127. For public use. 
 
 55. John Shoemaker. 
 
 
 Lot No. 127, on the corner of Plum (now Arch) 
 Street and Fifth Street, was reserved for public use, 
 and on the 22d of April, 1776, Jacob Cooper con- 
 veyed it to Charles Lyon, Nathaniel Falconer, 
 William Moulder and Nicholas Hicks, in trust for 
 the inhabitants to erect a house of worship and 
 make a burial-place. The north part of the lot 
 was made a burial-place and a school-house in 
 later years was erected upon the south part. It 
 is now and has been for many years occupied by 
 an engine-house under the charge of the Fire De- 
 partment. The most of the persons named in the 
 list before given resided in Philadelphia. But 
 little information is obtained of the progress of the 
 town before 1800. In the year 1803 Joshua Cooper, 
 son of Daniel, deriving the land from his father, 
 laid out a street from the river to Sixth Street, 
 which he named Plum. On the north side of 
 Plum Street he laid out twenty-nine lots and on 
 the south side twenty-four lots. 
 
 Village op Camden. — Edward Sharp, in 1812, 
 built the rough-cast house now standing on the 
 southeast corner of Cooper and Second Streets (lot 
 42 in Jacob Cooper's town plot), long known as the 
 Dr. Harris house. On the 8th of June, 1818, he 
 bought of Joshua Cooper ninety-eight acres of 
 
 land lying on the river and south of the Lower 
 Ferry road or Federal Street. In 1820 he laid out 
 a part of this into streets and lots, and named it 
 "Camden Village." 
 
 Edward Sharp had for some years been agitating 
 the building a bridge across the Delaware River 
 to Windmill Island, and after the purchase of this 
 land, and in 1820, laid out the land from the river 
 to Cedar or Fifth Street, with a broad street 
 through the centre, which was named Bridge Ave- 
 nue, now the line of the Camden and Amboy 
 railroad. The only buildings on this terri- 
 tory at that time were the stables of John D. 
 Wessels, at the corner of Federal and Front 
 Streets, and then near the bank of the river. Ed- 
 ward Sharp presented a petition to the Legislature 
 asking for authority to build a bridge across the 
 Delaware. A newspaper of that day says: "The 
 Windmill Island Bridge Bill passed the Senate 
 January 22, 1820, and the House February 18th 
 following." 
 
 The eastern end of this bridge was to be at the 
 foot of Bridge Avenue, and, although the bill au- 
 thorizing its construction passed, yet the bridge 
 was never built. Lots were sold as follows be- 
 tween the river-front and Queen Street (now Sec- 
 ond) : Nos. 1 and 2, to Samuel Lanning ; lots 8 to 
 7 and lot A, to John D. Wessels; lot 16, southwest 
 corner of Federal and White Hall (now Third) 
 Streets, to Daniel Ireland ; lot 28, southwest corner 
 of Federal and Cherry Streets, to Reuben Ludlam. 
 On Queen Street, north of Bridge Avenue and the 
 alley, were six lots marked B, C, D, E, F', F^; they 
 were sold as follows : B, to William Butler ; C, to 
 Samuel Smith ; D, to Isaac Sims ; E, to James 
 Read ; and F^ and F', to David and Dorcas Sims. 
 Financial reverses soon overtook Edward Sharp, 
 and his land was sold by the sheriff, July 18, 1822, 
 to Elihu Chauncey and James Lyle, who, on the 
 22d of July the next year, 1823, sold to Henry 
 Chester. Part of this land, July 18, 1883, and Au- 
 gust 31, 1836, came to Esther Nunes, who laid out 
 one hundred and forty lots, the greater part of 
 them water lots, and on the river-flats. 
 
 Coopee's Hill. — That part of Camden known as 
 Cooper's Hill as applied to the ground then, rising 
 from a marsh west of Fourth Street and south of 
 Bridge Avenue, forming a knoll covered in part 
 with stately oak and pine-trees and on the eastern 
 part, beyond Broadway, was a magnificent apple 
 orchard. It belonged to Richard M. Cooper, 
 president of the State Bank at Camden, and shortly 
 after his death his son, William D. Cooper, in 
 1842, sold the timber, cut down the apple-trees 
 and laid out the ground in one hundred town lots, 
 
420 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMPEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 which, December 5, 1842, he offered for sale. They 
 sold rapidly and at good prices, for the high 
 ground made the locality desirable as a place of 
 residence, and it now forms the bulk of the Fourth 
 Ward, the most populous in the city, containing 
 within its limits the City Hall, Cooper Hospital, 
 three public school-houses, five churches with 
 two thousand members, and ten thousand people. 
 William D. Cooper made sale to Joab Scull 
 of the lot on the northeast corner of West and 
 Berkley Streets, upon which the latter built the first 
 house in the new settlement. The only house on 
 the tract, before Scull built, was the one Eichard 
 M. Cooper built in 1820, on the east side of the 
 Woodbury and Camden Academy road, and which 
 was removed to make room for the row of three- 
 story bricks on Broadway, south of Berkley. 
 
 Within the limits of what is known as Cooper's 
 Hill were formerly ponds, of which Mickle, 
 writing in 1845, says: " There was in the olden 
 time a pond about half a mile southeast of the 
 Court-House in the City of Camden, which was 
 much frequented by wild geese and ducks. Al- 
 though the bed of the pond is now cultivated, 
 there are those who remember when it contained 
 several feet of water throughout the year. It was 
 called by the Camden boys ' the Play Pond.' " 
 
 This pond is said, by one of the boys who used 
 to play there, Benjamin Farrow, to be where now 
 stand the dwellings of the late John H. Jones and 
 Jesse W. Starr. He says there were two ponds, 
 one called the " wet pond " and the other the " dry 
 l>ond," and that they were made in the time of the 
 Revolution by the erection of redoubts. 
 
 The land on the north side of Cooper Street, and 
 north of Birch, which was left to William Cooper 
 by his grandfather, William, was devised to his 
 sons, Daniel and Richard M. Cooper. The former 
 dying intestate, his share descended to his three 
 daughters,— Mary Ann (who married William 
 Carman), Abigail and Esther L. Cooper, — and in 
 the partition of his estate, which followed his 
 death, the land mentioned was divided into alter- 
 nate portions between these daughters by their 
 uncle, Eichard M. Cooper, and about 1842 laid 
 out by William D. Cooper and sold. 
 
 On the 7th of February, 1853, Rachel Cooper, 
 daughter of William Cooper (of the upper ferry), 
 sold the land lying between Market and Federal 
 Streets, above Eighth, to Charles Fockler, who laid 
 it out into fifty-nine lots. 
 
 That part of the city north of Birch Street and 
 to Main Street was laid out with streets and in 
 two hundred and forty-five lots in 1852, by the 
 heirs of William Cooper, and in January of the 
 
 same year Joseph W. Cooper laid out one hundred 
 and seventy-two lots north of Main Street, and ad- 
 vertised them for public sale February 5, 1852. 
 These tracts comprise the plans and additions to 
 the city on the old Cooper lands. 
 
 The Kaighn Estate.— The Kaighn estate, 
 which was left by Joseph Kaighn by will, in 1749, 
 to Joseph and James, John, Isaac and Elizabeth, 
 extended from Line Street to Kaighn Eun. The 
 lane, now Kaighn Avenue, was the dividing line 
 of part of the property left to Joseph and John, 
 the former inheriting the south side and the latter 
 the north side, including the old mansion built 
 about 1696 by his grandfather, John Kaighn. Jo- 
 seph built a house on the south side, known in later 
 years as the Ferry House. After the death of 
 James, in 1812, his property was divided by parti- 
 tion, and the lots at the foot of Kaighn Avenue 
 were soon after sold. 
 
 There are a number of houses standing which 
 were built by the Kaighns. The oldest of these 
 is the one built by John Kaighn, the first settler, 
 who, soon after his coming, in 1696, erected a one- 
 story house of brick, on the river-shore, now on the 
 southeast corner of Second and Sycamore Streets, 
 a thousand feet from tide-water. It became the 
 property of James, the grandson of John Kaighn, 
 and on his death, in 1811, came through one of his 
 children to Mrs. Hutchinson, a granddaughter, 
 who, in 1864, sold it to Charles McAllister, who, 
 using the old walls, made of it two three-story 
 houses, in one of which he resides. Elizabeth 
 Haddon, in 1721, presented John Kaighn with 
 two box and two j'ew-trees, which he planted in 
 front of his house. The yew-trees are still stand- 
 ing, having a girth of six feet, but the box-trees 
 decayed and disappeared, the last in 1874. 
 
 The Ferry House, at the southeast corner of 
 Front Street and Kaighn Avenue, was built by 
 Joseph Kaighn, grandson of the first settler, be- 
 tween 1755 and 1760. Joseph Kaighn died in 
 1792, when his son Joseph, then residing in the 
 farm-house on Quaker Lane, opposite Newton 
 Meeting-house, moved into the homestead and oc- 
 cupied it until 1809, when, having built the spa- 
 cious mansion on the south side of Kaighn Ave- 
 nue, above Second Street, which afterward became 
 the property of his son Charles, he removed there 
 and made it his home until 1831, when he built the 
 brick house at the southwest corner of Third and 
 Kaighn Avenue, and moved there, where he lived 
 until his death, in 1841, when it became the home 
 of his daughter Mary, afterwards the wife ot John 
 Cooper. 
 
 The house at Front and Kaighn Avenue was ■ 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 421 
 
 leased as a ferry-house to Christopher Madara, and 
 in 1816 to George W. Hugg. In 1821 Joseph 
 Kaighn sold the house, with the ferry, to Sarah, 
 widow of Thomas Reeves, and after her death it 
 was purchased by Ebenezer Toole. It is now the 
 property of Edward Shuster. During the Revolu- 
 tion the house served as a target for gunners on 
 British ships lying in the river, and the late 
 Charles Kaighn had in his possession a spent can- 
 non-ball which came down the chimney while his 
 grandfather, Joseph Kaighn, and family were tak- 
 ing supper. 
 
 Another old house, built before 1800, is on the 
 north side of Kaighn Avenue, below Locust Street. 
 It belonged to John, son of James Kaighn, who 
 , died in 1811. In 1842 it became a part of the 
 Capewell glass-works property and was used as a 
 finishing and packing-house. After the closing of 
 the glass-works it was fitted up and divided into 
 three dwellings,— Nos. 239, 241 and 243 Kaighn 
 Avenue. On the northeast comer of Front Street 
 and Mechanic is a large three-story brick house. 
 It was built in 1824 by Joseph Mickle, who intend- 
 ed it for his residence, but he died before it was 
 finished and it became the home of his widowed 
 daughter, Priscilla Matlack, who married James 
 W. Sloan, a leading man in municipal matters. 
 Near the above, on Front Street, is the house 
 built by Frederick Plummer, the Baptist preacher, 
 in 1820, in which he used the brick composing the 
 prison built at Gloucester in 1716. 
 
 The Little Newton Creek Meadow Company was 
 organized to preserve the river-banks below 
 Kaighns Point. In 1696 John Kaighn bought 
 four hundred and fifty-five acres of land from 
 Robert Turner, lying between Line Ditch and Line 
 Street, and Archibald Mickle about the same time 
 bought to the south. To construct a bank to re- 
 claim the large.expanse of low land lying between 
 them was the joint work of the Mickles and 
 Kaighns at a very early day, there being but a 
 single owner on the north and on the south of the 
 small stream that forming the dividing line, the 
 maintenance of the bank was a simple matter; 
 but when Joseph Kaighn died, in 1841, and his 
 land on the north became divided among several 
 heirs, while the same process was going on with the 
 Mickle land, on the south, complications took 
 place, and in 1844 the Little Newton Creek 
 Meadow Company was organized, with William 
 Mitchell, president, and John Cooper, secretary 
 and treasurer. The company found the banks in 
 need of repairs, which were made at a cost of three 
 thousand dollars. The company performed its 
 duty well until 1874, when the numerous new 
 50 
 
 owners, ousted the old oflScers, and the new ones 
 neglected their duty, and, when, the great storm 
 of October 24, 1878, broke the bank and flooded 
 the lower part of the city, Council was compelled 
 to repair the damages. 
 
 Fetteesville. — In 1833 Richard Fetters, a 
 prominent citizen of Cainden, purchased of Charity 
 and Grace Kaighn a number of tracts of land be- 
 tween Line and Cherry Streets and between Third 
 Street and the river. This land was laid out into 
 lots, and offered for sale at low rates and easy terms, 
 which attracted many purchasers, a large propor- 
 tion of them colored persons, a number of whom 
 are still among the most respected residents. 
 Benjamin Wilson was one of the first. He was a 
 local preacher, and built a house a few doors 
 below the Macedonian Church. George Johnson, 
 who, in 1835, bought a lot and built the humble 
 home which now shelters him, was born in 1802. 
 He has clear recollections of the events of nearly 
 eighty years ago. His brother, Jacob Johnson, at 
 the same time bought and built on the northwest 
 corner of Third Street and Cherry, where, in com- 
 fort, he is spending the remainder of a useful life. 
 
 At 247 Spruce Street reside Mary E. S. and 
 Neolus Peterson, educated and refined women, who 
 for many years were school-teachers. Their father 
 was Daniel Peterson, a Methodist preacher of 
 ability, and their mother, Mary, was a daughter of 
 Jonathan Truitt, a noted colored divine of Philadel- 
 phia. The Petersons settled in Fettersville in 1835 
 and built the house where the daughters now reside. 
 Both were pious and educated, and did much to 
 promote religion and education among their peo- 
 ple. They were active in the organization of the 
 Macedonian Church. Daniel died in 1857, and 
 Mary in 1865. In 1838 Jacob Ham bought and 
 built on the west side of Second, above Spruce, 
 where there was a cluster of large willow-trees, 
 which furnished shade, while from the river came 
 cool breezes, making it a favorite trysting-place for 
 the people in warm weather. It has been called 
 "Ham Shore" ever since Jacob Ham built his 
 house there. In the days of slavery there were 
 many scenes of capture and rescue of alleged fugi- 
 tive slaves in Fettersville. Opposite the church, 
 shortly after it was built, lived a colored man 
 named John Collins, whom the officers claimed as 
 a fugitive, and one night sought to capture, but 
 the women, armed with clubs and pokers, drove 
 them away. Collins, for greater security, removed 
 to Westfield. On another occasion, the officers 
 having captured a fugitive in the county, put him 
 in a wagon, and were driving towards the ferry, 
 passing by the Macedonian Church while a prayer- 
 
422 
 
 HISTOKY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEKSEY. 
 
 meeting was in progress. When opposite, the 
 prisoner raised a lusty cry of "kidnappers," which, 
 in a few moments, emptied the church of wor- 
 shippers and surrounded the wagon with rescuers 
 While they were parleying, Hannah Bowen cut 
 the traces, and the horse, minus the wagon, was 
 driven away, while the officers were glad to ex- 
 change their prize for personal safety. 
 
 The colored settlement at Fettersville grew 
 rapidly, and at one time figured largely in the 
 census table, the colored population of the South 
 Ward, in 1860 reaching nearly one-fourth of the 
 entire population of the ward; but the proportion 
 has since decreased, being slightly in excess of 
 seven per cent, in 1885. The actual number in 
 1850 was seven hundred and twenty-five, and in 
 1885 it was seven hundred and ninety-one, while 
 the total population in the former year was four 
 thousand one hundred and twelve, and in the latter 
 year eleven thousand and sixty-four. 
 
 In 1835 Eichard Fetters bought other lands of 
 Charity Kaighn and her sister, Grace Kaighn, east 
 of his first purchase and extending south to Mount 
 Vernon, or Jordan Street. His first sales from 
 this venture were to Joseph P. Hillman, Joseph 
 Sharp, Aaron Bozarth, Josiah Sawn and Adam 
 Watson, on the east side of Fifth Street, from 
 Division Street to Spruce. This was in 1836, and 
 the price was one hundred and twenty-five dollars 
 for a lot forty feet front and one hundred feet deep. 
 Fetters' plan placed all the fronts on the streets 
 running east and west, under the impression that 
 the travel would be in those directions, and 
 in this he would have been correct, had his 
 design for a ferry at the foot of Spruce Street, for 
 which he procured a charter, been realized. All 
 of the plots above-mentioned were in the terri- 
 tory embraced in Camden at the time of its 
 incorporation, in 1828. In 1815 there was but 
 one house between Kaighnton and Camden, and 
 that was the farm-house of Isaac Kaighn, a son of 
 James, and which was on the old Woodbury road, 
 near the river. 
 
 Camden, although laid out in 1773, was a town 
 only in name until about 1815. The dwellings 
 clustering around the ferries retained the names by 
 which it had been known for over a century — " The 
 Ferries," or " Cooper's Ferries." A few lots had 
 been sold and houses built, a post-office had been 
 established, a store opened, but the main business 
 grew out of the ferries. A stage line was estab- 
 lished to Burlington, to Leeds Point, in Atlantic 
 County, to Salem, Bridgeton and Cape May. At 
 the beginning of the century there was not a house 
 of worship in the area now embraced within the 
 
 city, and but one school-house, which stood a dis- 
 tance out from the settlements on the Haddonfield 
 road, and on the land of Marmaduke Cooper, now 
 owned by Marmaduke C. Cope. 
 
 EiCHAED Fettees, who was in his day and gen- 
 eration one of the most prominent men of the city, 
 the proprietor of that part of Camden known as 
 Fettersville, aleading spiritin almost every large en- 
 terprise, amember of almost every corporation board 
 organized during his business life and the holder 
 of many public offices, was born January 19, 1791, 
 of parents who resided at Coopers Point. His 
 early life was spent for the most part in New 
 Jersey. He removed to Camden in 1826 and 
 opened a store at Third and Market Streets. It 
 was not long afterwards that he laid out Fetters- 
 ville, and entered upon land operations in North 
 Camden. Almost from the start he held a position 
 of prominence, being elected to the Council in 
 1828, and thus beginning a long and active public 
 career. He was a lifelong Democrat of a pro- 
 nounced type. He died July 3, 1863, after a short 
 illness. The editor of oue .of the Camden jour- 
 nals, a short time before his death, in connection 
 with an announcement of his dangerous condition, 
 spoke of his character and usefulness as follows: 
 " Mr. Fetters is one of the pioneers of this city and 
 has probably done more for the advancement and 
 improvement of the place than any other single 
 gentleman. Always active, and possessing an ener- 
 getic spirit, he made himself foremost in all enter- 
 prises conducive to the growth and prosperity of 
 Camden, and took the initiative in all matters of 
 essential public improvements. The conception 
 and gradual increase of the advantages of our fer- 
 ries was one of his practical theories, and from the 
 first he was closely connected with them. His 
 energy of character also infused life and spirit 
 into the project of erecting works to supply the 
 city with water, and, in fact, no enterprises of truly 
 beneficial bearings have been started in Camden 
 that have not received his fostering care and ap- 
 proval. He has held several important public po- 
 sitions and through indomitable energy and perse- 
 verance he acquired a competency . . . ." 
 
 Mr. Fetters was three times married. His first 
 wife, with whom he was united January 20, 1817, 
 and who was the mother of all of his children, 
 was Hope Stone, born April 27, 1797, and died 
 December 18, 1839. His second wife, to whom he 
 was married November 8, 1841, was Sarah L. Lam- 
 born, and the third, with whom he was joined 
 March 21, 1860, was Ellen B. Marter. 
 
 The children of Eichard and Hope (Stone) Fet- 
 ters were Elizabeth, Evaline, Hannah (deceased) 
 
^c^^ <:^^^^C^^ 
 
THE CITY OP CAMDEN. 
 
 423 
 
 and Caroline. Elizabeth married the late Jesse 
 Smith, of Woodbury, by whom she had two chil- 
 dren — Charlena F., born November 29, 1841 (died 
 in infancy), and Richard F. Smith, formerly city 
 treasurer and now sheriflF of Camden County. 
 Evaline married the late Richard S. Humphreys. 
 They had two children — Richard F. (who died in 
 infancy) and Harry, bom March 2, 1855, now a 
 lumber merchant in Philadelphia. Caroline mar- 
 ried Charles S. Humphreys, an artist of Camden, 
 now deceased. They had five children, viz., — 
 Charles F. (deceased), was married to Ella Corson 
 of Camden, Evaline L. (deceased), George W., an 
 attorney, married to Mary Coy of Palmyra, and 
 Louis B., a real estate dealer, was married to Jen- 
 nie McM. Strong, daughter of the late Nathan 
 Strong, one of the first attorneys of Philadelphia. 
 George W. and Louis B. are both of Camden. Ella 
 F. (Mrs. Dr. Pemberton), now of Long Branch, N. J. 
 
 Stockton. — In the year 1849 James D. Crowley, 
 Thomas Phillips, George F. Miller a,nd William 
 Jones, as the Kaighns Point Land Company, pur- 
 chased of Dr. Isaac S. Mulford a tract of land east 
 of the West Jersey Railroad, for which they paid 
 two hundred and twenty-five dollars an acre. In 
 the two succeeding years they purchased of Colonel 
 Isaac W. Mickle and other Mickle heirs the land 
 lying between Ferry Avenue and Jackson Street, 
 to within a short distance of Evergreen Cemetery. 
 This land was part of the large tract purchased 
 by Archibald Mickle about 1696, and which ex- 
 tended from Kaighns Run, or Line Ditch, to 
 Newton Creek. 
 
 The Land Company laid out the land in build- 
 ing lots, and named the settlement " Centreville," 
 which was subsequently changed to Stockton. 
 Most of the tract was a corn-field and on it were 
 two tenant-houses, both on Central Avenue, one at 
 the corner of Master and the other on Phillip Street. 
 South of Ferry Avenue was a forest of oak-trees, 
 and north of Stockton was a dense thicket, where 
 rabbits, quail and smaller game were sought after, 
 and not in vain. The lots were sold on easy terms 
 and the sales were rapid until the burning of the 
 ferry-boat " New Jersey," in 1856 (ahistory of which 
 is given on page 369), checked the inflow of home- 
 seekers from the western shore of the Delaware. 
 The company donated land for school and church 
 purposes. That was the gift to the Stockton Bap- 
 tist Society, on Vanhook Street, near Sixth. When 
 William Jones built the "Flat Iron," at the junc- 
 tion of Ferry Avenue and Broadway, and applied 
 
 for a license to sell liquor, the society remonstrated, 
 for which he sought to take away the ground given 
 them by the company, but was prevented by Mr. 
 Crowley. In 1871 Stockton, forming a part of 
 Newton township, was annexed to Camden as a 
 portion of the Eighth Ward, when its growth re. 
 ceived an impetus that still continues. The intro- 
 duction of gas and water, with other advantages 
 incident to city rule, led to the establishment of a 
 number of manufactories, and these increase yearly, 
 owing to the comparatively low price of land_ 
 With these advantages, this section of the city is 
 rapidly increasing in population. 
 
 Kaighnsville was a settlement of colored per- 
 sons, east of Seventh and south of Chestnut Street. 
 Benjamin Vandyke was the first settler, an ex- 
 emplary man, who built the small house now 
 standing at Ann Street and Kaighn Avenue in 
 1838. There was no house near, and the lot upon 
 which he built was part of John Kaighn's corn- 
 field. Shortly afterwards Daniel Wilkins bought 
 the land bounded by Seventh Street, Ann, Syca- 
 more and Kaighn Avenue, selling portions to 
 Dempsey D. Butler, who, coming from the South 
 built on Kaighn Avenue, and to Daniel Sullivan 
 who built the house on the southeast corner of Sev- 
 enth and Sycamore, now used as a store by Francis 
 Crossley. 
 
 Anthony Colding built No. 786 Chestnut Street 
 in 1848, and about that time Joshua Martin, Luke 
 Derrickson, Henry Mackey, Charles Sobers, Shep- 
 pard Sample, the school-master, Harriet Gibbs, 
 James Mosely, William Everman and other well- 
 known colored people settled in the neighbor- 
 hood, built churches and established schools. In 
 1854 a conflagration destroyed almost the entire 
 settlement from Seventh to Ann, and Chestnut to 
 Kaighn Avenue, but it was speedily rebuilt. In 
 1871 it was taken into the city, with part of Newton 
 township, and forms a part of the Seventh Ward, 
 the population of which was, in 1875 : White, 3001 ; 
 colored, 758 ; and in 1885, white, 4663 ; colored, 
 1142. The colored people of the Seventh Ward 
 (formerly Kaighnsville) support three Methodist 
 and one Baptist Church, and recently a colored 
 Presbyterian Church has been added to the 
 number. 
 
 In the early days of the settlement a meeting 
 was held to select a name, and Vandykesville was 
 proposed, after Benjamin Vandyke, the first settler, 
 but that worthy man would not have it so, and 
 the name of Kaighnsville was adopted. 
 
AUTOGRAPHS OP SETTLEES ON AND ABOUND THE SITE OF CAMDEN, IN OLD 
 
 NEWTON TOWNSHIP. 
 
 "TTT^^ 
 
 A first settler. Died 1724. Had sons John and 
 Joseph. 
 
 A first settler. Died 1710. Had sons 
 William, Joseph and Daniel. 
 
 A first settler. Died 1706. Had sons John 
 
 Samuel, Daniel, Archibald, Isaac, 
 
 Joseph and James. 
 
 A first settler and wealthy operator in lands. 
 Sold to Kaighn, Mickle and others. 
 
 ry^ ji^i)o-,t^ Q&^j^^ 
 
 A first settler. Made the survey 1681, after 
 purchased by Cooper. Died in 
 London. 
 
 The surveyor and chronicle of the first settlers. 
 
 Died 1729. Had sons Thomas, Isaac 
 
 and John. 
 
 ^ A^ ^^^n^ ^;7^.«^^..=^^ 
 
 / 
 
 A first settler. Died 1694. Had sons Nathaniel, 
 Robert, Elnathan and Simeon. 
 
 A first settler. Died 1702, and left sons, Benja- 
 min and Thomas. 
 
 Second son of William the emigrant. 
 
 Died 1731. Had sons Joseph, 
 
 Benjamin and Isaac. 
 
 Youngest son of William the emigrant. Died 1715. 
 Had sons William, Samuel and 
 Daniel. 
 
 Second son of John the emigrant. Died 1749. Had 
 sons Joseph, John and James. 
 
 Son of Archibald the emigrant. Died 1735, 
 leaving one son, Jacob. 
 
 Son of Archibald the emigrant. DLed 1744. Had 
 sons William, John and Samuel 
 
 -^'y:^^^^ 
 
 Son of Nathaniel and grandson of Robert the 
 emigrant. 
 
 &^ 
 
 Son of Mark the emigrant. Died 1706, 
 leaving a son, Mark. 
 
 A first settler in 1681, with the Dublin 
 emigrants. 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 425 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 MUNICIPAL HISTORY. 
 
 Incorporation — Supplements to Charter — New Charter — The Firat 
 City Hall— The Now City Hall— Civil List^Water Department- 
 Fire Department. 
 
 Incokpoeation. — Camden was incorporated as 
 a city under a charter granted by the General As- 
 sembly February 14, 1828, the bounds being thus 
 described : 
 
 " That Buch parts of thfe Township of Newton as are contained 
 within the following limits : beginning at the Pennsylvania line, in 
 the river Delaware, opposite the mouth of a small run of water be- 
 low Kaighnton, which run is the line between lands late of Isaac 
 Mickle, deceased, and Joseph Kaighn, and running thence east to 
 the mouth of said run, and thence up the same, the several courses 
 thereof, crossing the public road leading to Woodbury from the 
 Camden Academy; thence northerly along the east side of said road, 
 to the road leading from Kaighnton to Coopers Creek Bridge ; 
 thence along the eastwardly aide of said last-mentioned road, and 
 the southwardly side of the causeway and bridge to the middle of 
 Coopers Creek ; thence down the middle thereof to the river Dela- 
 ware ; thence due north to the middle of the channel between Pettys 
 Island and the Jersey fast land, or shore ; thence down said channel 
 and river to the nearest point on the line established between the 
 States of Pennsylvania and New Jersey ; thence down said line to 
 the place of beginning, shall, and the same are hereby erected 
 into a City, which shall henceforth be called and known by the 
 name of the City of Camden." 
 
 These bounds above described contained three 
 and nine-tenths square miles, or two thousand four 
 hundred and ninety-six acres, of fast land, and a 
 population of eleven hundred and forty-three, 
 separated into five groups or villages, each with 
 one or more appellation applied to it. Coopers 
 Point was known as " William Cooper's Ferry," 
 Kaighns Point as "Kaighnton." "Pinchtown" 
 was the term applied to Edward Sharp's settle- 
 ment, on the river-shore, south of Federal Street. 
 " Dogwoodtown " was the term applied to a clus- 
 ter of houses near Isaac Vansciver's carriage fac- 
 tory, at Tenth Street and Federal, the name com- 
 ing from the fact that many dogwood trees grew in 
 the large grove in that locality. Camden was the 
 title of that portion of the present city lying be- 
 tween the river and Sixth Street and between 
 Cooper Street and a line between Market Street 
 and Arch. This last was the most considerable 
 and contained a population greater than all the 
 others combined. Outside these villages all was 
 farm land and woodland. Extending from the 
 mouth of Coopers Creek in a southwest direction to 
 Fourth Street and Line, was a fine grove of oaks 
 and pines, many of them of large size. The re- 
 mains of this grove are yet to be seen at the " Dia- 
 mond Cottage." It was a mile from Kaighnton to 
 ' Pinchtown, and in summer corn-fields covered the 
 interval. With such rural belongings there seemed 
 
 little in the conditions surrounding these eleven 
 hundred and forty-three people demanding muni- 
 cipal government, more than had existed during 
 the one hundred and forty-six years that had 
 elapsed since William Cooper's first talk with 
 Arasapha at Coopers Point, in 1682, soon after set- 
 tling there on his arrival from Burlington. Nor, 
 indeed, was it for the purpose of laying out and 
 improving the roads through the fields, orchards 
 and forests covering most of the surface within the 
 limits of the city that a charter was desirable. The 
 township committee could mend and make roads 
 as well and as cheaply as a committee of the City 
 Council ; and the township government was not 
 superseded by the charter. Yet it was because of 
 these very conditions that a city government be- 
 came a necessity. The woods and orchards lured 
 multitudes of Philadelphians to these shores in 
 search of shade, air and recreation, and the police 
 force of a township afforded little restraint upon 
 those inclined to turbulence, and there were many 
 such. Besides the Vauxhall Garden and the Co- 
 lumbia Garden, every ferry had its pleasure garden, 
 the profits of which arose largely from the sale of 
 apple brandy and other intoxicants, which caused 
 frolics and disturbances, and life and property be- 
 came insecure. It was to suppress these troubles 
 that led to the incorporation, with the belief that 
 the police protection provided by a city government 
 would accomplish the object desired. John Law- 
 rence, Eichard Fetters, John K. Cowperthwaite 
 and other large property-owners interested in the 
 rule of order and quiet, sought for and, in defiance 
 of strenuous opposition on the part of ferry-mas- 
 ters, succeeded in procuring a charter providing 
 for the election of a mayor and other officials to 
 restrain and arrest, and a Court of Quarter Sessions 
 to convict and punish the unruly within the city's 
 bounds. It was a police government, little else 
 was sought after, and that was secured. The Quar- 
 ter Sessions Court under the city charter did very 
 eflective work ; but a certain authority says " It 
 took thirty years before turbulence in Camden 
 succumbed to the authority of the law." 
 
 The provisions of the charter of February, 1828, 
 were few and simple. With the supplement of 
 March 1st of the same year, it provided for the 
 election of one recorder and five aldermen at a 
 joint meeting of the Legislature, and the election 
 of five Common Councilmen by the people, who, 
 with a mayor elected by the Common Council, 
 " shall be one body politic, in deed, in fact, name 
 and law, by the name, style and title of ' The 
 Mayor, Aldennen and Common Council of the 
 City of Camden.' " The mayor and recorder pre- 
 
426 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 sided at the meetings, the latter in the absence of 
 the former, and both voted on all questions, but 
 were without veto power. 
 
 As thus constituted, the Common Council was 
 empowered 
 
 " To make such by-laws, Ordinances and regulations, in writing, 
 not repugnant to the Constitution and laws of the State of New Jer" 
 Sey or of the United States, and the same to enforce, revoke, alter or 
 amend, as to them shall appear necessary for the well ordering and 
 governing of the said City and its inhabitants ; to appoint a City 
 Treasurer, Marshall and such other subordinate officers as they may 
 think necessary for the good government of the said City." 
 
 Section 8 provided that Common Council 
 
 "Shall have the sole and exclusive right of licensing and assessing 
 . every inn-keeper and retailer of spirituous liquors residing within 
 the City." 
 
 These provisions embrace all the powers ex- 
 pressly granted, and, as will be seen, were police 
 powers merely. Although a city, Camden was un- 
 der the jurisdiction of Newton township, and so 
 continued until 1831, when it was erected into a 
 township called Camden township, thus presenting 
 the peculiarity of a dual government, city and town- 
 ship, each competent to exercise prerogatives both 
 attempted to assume, the conflict of seeming 
 authority leading at times to confusion, the same 
 men sometimes acting in two bodies, the Common 
 Council and the township committee, both of 
 which were trying to mend the same piece of road, 
 and both city and township levying a tax to raise 
 money for the same purpose. The authority to 
 levy taxes was not vested in the City Council, and 
 that body never exercised such power until author- 
 ized by the charter of 1851. The tax levy was 
 iixed at the town-meeting, when city and township 
 officers were elected, and the Council acted as the 
 disbursing agent merely ; yet in the first year of 
 its existence that body built the City Hall, and 
 borrowed two thousand five hundred dollars of Ja- 
 cob Evaul to pay for it. The only sure income of 
 the city was derived from tavern licenses, and these 
 taxed at rates ranging from ten to twenty-five dol- 
 lars each, amounted to one hundred and eighty- 
 two dollars in 1829. 
 
 Supplements to Chaetee. — Various supple- 
 ments to the charter were passed by the Legisla- 
 ture. Those of 1833 and 1887 were unimportant, 
 while that of 1844 (the year Camden County was 
 erected), in addition to the provision making the 
 mayor elective by a direct vote of the people, gave 
 the Council the exclusive authority to grade, curb 
 and macadamize the streets, and to compel owners 
 to pave their sidewalks. 
 
 The supplement of 1848 divided the city into 
 three wards — that portion lying north of Arch 
 Street and Federal to be called the North Ward; 
 
 the district between the above-named streets and 
 Line Street to be called the Middle Ward ; and all 
 south of Line Street to be called the South Ward.' 
 Each ward was entitled to elect two Councilmen 
 and one chosen freeholder. These six Councilmen 
 the five aldermen provided for in the charter of 
 1828, with the mayor and recorder, constituted the 
 Common Council, with little increase of power 
 over that conferred by the act of incorporation of 
 twenty years before. There was no authority to 
 survey and regulate the grades of the city. Houses 
 were built in swamps and on hilltops, each side- 
 walk had an altitude of its own, and adjoining 
 pavements would vary in height. The city was 
 laid out in sections. Jacob Cooper laid out the 
 town of Camden, in 1773, on a regular plan, which, 
 if it had been followed, would have resulted in 
 some approach to uniformity, but, unfortunately, 
 the city was planned in sections, each regular with- 
 in itself, but irregular in relation to the others. 
 Joseph Kaighn laid out Kaighnton, and Richard 
 Fetters planned Fettersville. Robert Stevens 
 made his plat, south of Bridge Avenue and west of 
 Fourth Street, to correspond with Jacob Cooper's 
 original plan of a town, but the streets running 
 south from Camden, and the streets running north 
 from Kaighnton, reached Line Street two hundred 
 feet apart. William D. Cooper laid out Coopers 
 Hill into lots without regard to any of the streets 
 to the north, south or west. The result is that Sec- 
 ond Street is the only street west of Eighth con- 
 tinuous in its course from the northern to the 
 southern bounds of the city. The Council had no 
 power to prevent such an untoward state of affairs. 
 The city was growing rapidly, with a population 
 of nearly ten thousand. The old charter, intended 
 only to confer police powers, was inadequate to 
 present needs, which required prerogatives of a 
 more enlarged character. 
 
 New Chaetee. — A new act of incorporation, 
 which should cover present and iiiture require- 
 ments, was dratted, which served its purpose, with 
 a few simple modifications, for twenty-one years, 
 and until the population had increased three-fold. 
 This was known as the Dudley charter, being 
 drawn up by Thomas H. Dudley, and was passed 
 by the Legislature at the session of 1850. The 
 bounds of the city, under this charter, were left 
 unchanged, and the division into North, Mid- 
 dle and South Wards was maintained. The offi- 
 cers were a mayor, a recorder, six aldermen, six 
 Councilmen, a clerk, a treasurer and a marshal, 
 besides ward officers. The mayor and Councilmen 
 were elected annually, the recorder and aldermen 
 triennially. The mayor, aldermen and Councilmen, 
 
THE CITY Of CAMDEN. 
 
 427 
 
 or a majority of them, constituted the City Council 
 of the city of Camden. The mayor or, in his ab- 
 sence, one of the aldermen presided, but the mayor 
 had no vote save when there was a tie. By the 
 supplement of 1851 the mayor and aldermen were 
 eliminated, and each ward elected six Councilmen 
 for three years, two each year, and the Council 
 thus constituted elected a president from their own 
 number to preside. Among the new and essential 
 powers granted by the new charter to the City 
 Council were these, — To cause the city to be sur- 
 veyed and mapped, and compel persons opening 
 streets to open them in accordance with the sur- 
 vey ; to regulate the, erection of buildings and pre- 
 scribe their character ; to raise by tax money for 
 municipal purposes, and also for school purposes ■ 
 to appoint police officers ; to regulate the water 
 supply, appoint fire wardens and regulate firemen. 
 The power to raise money for school purposes was 
 transferred to the school trustees by the supple- 
 ment of 1853. Under the charter of 1828 farm 
 lands and improvements were not taxable for city 
 purposes, but it was to be assessed at its true 
 value, and taxed for all purposes. The authority 
 to grant liquor licenses was omitted, but the omis- 
 sion was supplied by the supplement of 1852, 
 which also enlarged the powers concerning the 
 construction of houses, and authorized the appoint- 
 ment of building inspectors. Other supplements 
 to the charter were made from time to time, as 
 new wants, suited to the new conditions attending 
 rapid growth, made it necessary. One, in 1860, 
 conveyed authority to construct culverts and abate 
 nuisances, while that of 1866 divided the city into 
 culvert districts, and, under its provisions, more 
 drainage has been accomplished than in most cities 
 of the size, and the cost so distributed as to be 
 scarcely felt. In 1864 power was given to build a 
 work-house and to borrow money, limiting the sum 
 to not more than one hundred and fifty thousand 
 dollars, and not more than twenty-five thousand 
 dollars in any one year. The same act provided 
 for the election, by the people, of a city treasurer, 
 city surveyor and a city solicitor for terms of two 
 years. They had been elected annually by the 
 City Council. 
 
 These comprise the principal amendments to the 
 Dudley charter of 1850, which had served its pur- 
 pose well and under it the city had made phe- 
 nomenal advances, but in 1870, with a population 
 of over twenty thousand and over eight thousand 
 people in Stockton and other contiguous settle- 
 ments, whose wants were identical with those with- 
 in the corporate limits, it was deemed wise to 
 extend the borders, and so enlarge the prerogatives 
 
 of the city government as to enable it to meet 
 exigencies sure to arise and increase with its 
 growth. 
 
 Alden C. Scovel was city solicitor, and to him 
 was assigned the task of preparing a fundamental 
 law broad enough to provide for the present and 
 future requirements of the metropolis of West 
 Jersey. The result was " An act to revise and 
 amend the charter of the city of Camden : Ap- 
 proved February 14, 1871," precisely forty-three 
 years after the first charter was granted, in which 
 time the population had increased over seventeen- 
 fold, or, including the annexed suburbs, twenty- 
 five-fold. 
 
 The revised charter extinguished the ancient 
 township of Newton. Camden was taken from it 
 in 1831, Haddon township in 1865 and what re- 
 mained was annexed to Camden in 1871. The 
 new bounds of the city are thus given in the 
 charter, — 
 
 " Beginning at a point in the river Delaware, as far westerly as 
 the jurisdiction of the State of New Jersey extends, opposite to the 
 mouth of a stream of water called Newton Creek ; thenco running 
 easterly to the mouth of said Newton Creek, and thence np the 
 centre of said creek, the several courses thereof, to the North branch 
 of said Newton Creek ; thence following the centre of said North 
 branch of said Newton Creek, its several courses thereof,to]th6 middle 
 of the Mount Ephraim turnpike road ; thence in a northwesterly 
 course along the middle of said Mount Ephraim turnpike road to 
 the intersection of said Mount Ephraim turnpike road and the 
 Stockton and Newtown turnpike road, also known as Kaighns Point 
 ferry road ; thence along the middle of the said Stockton and New- 
 town turnpike road, in a northeasterly direction, to the middle of the 
 White Hoi-se turnpike road ; thence northeasterly along the middle 
 of the said Stockton and Newtown turnpike road to the middle of 
 the Haddonfield turnpike road ; thence, in a northeasterly direction 
 in a straight line with the middle line of the said Stockton and 
 Newtown turnpike road to the middle of Coopers Creek ; thence 
 down the middle of said creek in a northwesterly direction along the. 
 several courses thereof to the river Delaware ; thence due north to 
 the middle of the channel between Potty's Island and the Jersey 
 fast land or shore ; thence due west to a point as far west as the jur- 
 isdiction of the State of New Jersey extends ; thence down the Dela- 
 ware river on aline as far westerly as thejurisdiction extends to the 
 place of beginning." 
 
 The area within these bounds was six and a half 
 square miles, and the population in 1870, 28,482. 
 That census shows a remarkable simila,rity in the 
 population of the three old divisions of the city : 
 North Ward, 6666; Middle Ward, 6684; South 
 Ward, 6695. 
 
 The city was divided into eight wards, Fourth 
 Street serving for the north and south line between 
 the three— North, Middle and South— wards, and 
 forming of North Ward, the First and Second ; of 
 Middle Ward, the Third and Fourth; and of 
 ■ South Ward, the Fifth and Sixth Wards ; while 
 Kaighn Avenue, extended in a straight line to 
 Coopers Creek, forms the division line between the 
 Seventh and Eighth Wards. 
 
428 
 
 HISTOEY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Each ward, besides ward officers, an assessor, 
 constable, overseer of the poor, ward clerk, com- 
 missioners of appeal and election officers, was en- 
 titled to elect one chosen freeholder, one aldermah, 
 two members of the Board of Education and three 
 Councilmen. 
 
 The mayor, recorder, city treasurer, receiver of 
 taxes, aldermen and councilmen were made elec- 
 tive by the people for three years, and members of 
 the Board of Education for two years. The City 
 Council was empowered to appoint a city clerk, 
 city surveyor, building inspector, city solicitor, 
 sealer of weights and measures and such other 
 officers as might be deemed necessary for the 
 proper conduct of the affairs of the city. Under 
 this provision, the Council has established the 
 offices of superintendent of the water-works, clerk 
 of the Water Department, chief of the Fire Depart- 
 ment, supervisor of highways, city controller and 
 subordinate offices in these various departments. 
 The appointment and control of the police and a 
 chief of police was with the Council, but was trans- 
 ferred to the mayor by a supplement in 1872. By 
 a supplement passed in 1874, provision was made 
 for the election of three city assessors, who shall 
 have sole charge of the valuation of property for 
 taxing purposes, and the ward assessors, who pre- 
 viously performed that duty, all of whom were 
 constituted a court of appeal from unjust taxation. 
 The ward office of judicious freeholders or com- 
 missioners of appeal, was abolished. 
 
 In the spring of 1872 there was a deadlock in 
 the City Council on the election of a president, 
 and the Legislature passed a supplement, provid- 
 ing for the election of a Councilnian-at-large, mak- 
 ing the number of Councilmen twenty-five. 
 
 By the supplement of March 12, 1873, the city 
 debt was limited to one million dollars, and loans 
 for any one year should not exceed twenty-five 
 thousand dollars. Statutes have since been enac- 
 ted enlarging these limitations. 
 
 In 1876 an act was passed amending the charter 
 by transferring the power to grant tavern licenses 
 from the City Council to the Court of Common 
 Pleas, on an appeal to the Supreme Court, the 
 act was declared to be unconstitutional, because 
 special, and therefore, void. 
 
 The revision of 1871 was an amplification of the 
 charter of 1850, enlarging the powers of the City 
 Council in some cases and making them plainer in 
 others, and is sufficiently elastic, while stringent, 
 to secure good government under good manage- 
 ment. 
 
 The enlargement of the city bounds included a 
 large amount of farm land, chiefly in the Eighth 
 
 Ward, the owners of which objected to paying a 
 tax-rate demanded by urban improvements, and 
 desired to sever the connection. To this end an act 
 was passed by the Legislature setting off that por- 
 tion of the ward lying east of a line running from 
 Tenth Street and Kaighn Avenue, south to Vanhook 
 Street, east to the west line of Evergreen Cemetery, 
 and south to the north branch of Newton Creek, to 
 Haddon Avenue. The terms of the act were : that 
 the set off portion should pay a pro rata share, esti- 
 mated by assessed values of the city debt incurred 
 and unpaid subsequent to the annexation of New- 
 ton township in 1871 ; three of the Haddon town- 
 ship committee and three citizens of Camden ap- 
 pointed for the purpose, to ascertain and report, 
 and if the amount apportioned was not paid with- 
 in three months after such report was made, the 
 act was to be null and void. The assessment was 
 made and the report rendered, but the residents 
 failing to pay within the time specified, the trans- 
 fer failed. 
 
 The Fiest City Hall. — The charter incorporat- 
 ing the town of Camden into a city was obtained 
 in 1828. After the election of members to form the 
 Council of the new city had taken place, they met 
 for the first time and organized in a building used 
 for the meeting of various societies within the 
 limits of what was long known as the Vauxhall 
 Garden. Soon thereafter a room on the second 
 story of Eichard Fetters' store, at the southeast 
 corner of Third Street and Market, was rented as a 
 " Council-room and Court Hall.'' This place was 
 used but a short time. On May 14th of the same 
 year three lots were purchased on the south side of 
 Federal Street, and the building committee, com- 
 posed of John K. Cowperthwaite, Samuel Laning 
 and Richard Fetters, was empowered to borrow 
 two thousand five hundred dollars on the credit of 
 the city, with which to erect an appropriate " City 
 Hall, Court-House and Jail." The money was 
 obtained from Jacob Evaul, a well-to-do farmer, 
 who lived a short distance from town. The build- 
 ing then erected was of stone, with a brick front of 
 forty feet on Federal Street, and two stories high, 
 with an attic. It was completed by the early part 
 of 1829. Gideon V. Stivers was the carpenter; 
 William Fortiner, the mason ; David K. Lock, 
 now (1886) engaged in the produce business in the 
 market on the site of the old City Hall, was 
 one of the workmen employed by the master car- 
 penter. The basement of the building contained 
 the prison. The court-room, used also for the 
 sessions of the Council, and for public meetings, 
 was in the second story, and the attic served the 
 purpose of a jury-room. A broad stairway on the 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 429 
 
 outside led to the second story, where an entiance 
 was gained through a double door. The " third 
 story " was let to Camden Lodge, No. 45, at twenty 
 dollars per year, but if the Council saw fit to put in 
 " Dormand" windows, the lodge was to pay four 
 dollars additional, and the Council was to have 
 the use of the room on " said third story at all the 
 Courts of Quarter Sessions." This unpretentious 
 structure served the purpose for which it was de- 
 signed during a period of half a century, undergoing, 
 but few changes. About thirty years after it was 
 
 scenes and incidents that took place within its 
 walls before its demolition, it would have furnished 
 much that is interesting. 
 
 The New City Hall. — This massive structure 
 of imposing appearance is the second building 
 which Camden has owned and used for the trans- 
 action of municipal affairs and for keeping the 
 records of the city. It is constructed of a fine 
 quality of brick, is trimmed in brown-stone and 
 has large, airy and convenient apartments. Its 
 situation is on an elevation and from its summit is 
 
 
 iCsUii3iliI 
 
 THE NEW CITY HALL. 
 
 erected, a one-story building was added on either 
 side of the front stairway. One was used as an 
 oflSce for the mayor, and the other for the clerk. This 
 historic old building, in which the " city fathers" 
 discussed the great questions pertaining to the 
 public good and the successful growth and devel- 
 opment of the city and her people, served its pur- 
 pose for a period of half a century. In 1877 it gave 
 place to the market-house then erected on the 
 same site. Could the old hall of justice and legis- 
 lation have told its own history, and described the 
 51 
 
 afforded a fine view of the two cities, of the scenery 
 up and down the noble Delaware and a large area 
 of the surrounding country. The original hall 
 was insufficient for the demands of a rapidly-grow- 
 ing and prosperous city, which, after the annexa- 
 tion of the township of Newton, had a population 
 of nearly thirty thousand. The demands for a 
 new city hall became urgent. An act of the Leg- 
 islature was passed giving the city authorities 
 power to issue and dispose of bonds to the 
 amount of seventy-five thousand dollars, and in 
 
430 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEESEY. 
 
 1871, Jesse W. Starr offered to donate four and 
 one-half acres of land upon which to construct 
 the building. After considerable discussion, re- 
 sulting from the location of the land which was 
 then and is yet without the limits of the built-up 
 portion of the city, the generous offer was not ac- 
 cepted until 1874. Frederick Bourquin, Claudius 
 W. Bradshaw, James S. Henry, Charles S. Mofifett, 
 John S. Eead, William C. Figner, Joseph H. 
 Hall, Augustus J. Fulmer, Charles S. Archer, 
 William T. Bailey and James A. Parsons were ap- 
 pointed a building committee. The plans and 
 specifications of the building were prepared by 
 Architect Samuel D. Button, of Camden, and the 
 contract for the construction of the building was 
 given to E. Allen Ward for the sum of one hun- 
 dred and twenty-five thousand dollars. Prepara- 
 tions were immediately made and the work of 
 erection progressed rapidly and soon after the com- 
 pletion of the building the first session of the City 
 Council was held in it during the month of De- 
 cember, 1875. Of the exact cost of this building 
 the truthful historian sayeth not. A committee 
 appointed to inquire into the subject in 1883 esti- 
 mated the cost at one hundred and forty thousand 
 dollars. This estimate included the cost of con- 
 struction only and not the internal fixings required 
 to fit up and furnish the apartments within the 
 building. The increase of the cost above the 
 amount originally reported was caused by changes 
 being made in the plans during the time the build- 
 ing was in the course of erection. 
 
 Mayors of Camden. — The following is a com- 
 plete list of the mayors of Camden with the terms 
 of their services. Following this list are bio- 
 graphical sketches of each of them : 
 
 1828-30. 
 1830-38. 
 1838-40. 
 1840-44. 
 1844-46. 
 1816-46. 
 1848-48. 
 1848^9. 
 1849-51. 
 1861-62. 
 1852-63. 
 1853-55. 
 1865-66. 
 1856-57. 
 
 Samuel Laning. 
 Gideon V. Stivers. 
 Elias Kaighn. 
 Lorenzo F. Fi.9lor. 
 Jolin K. Cowperthwaite. 
 Charles Kaighu.l 
 Thomas B. Wood. 
 Benjamin A. Hammell. 
 Charles Sexton. 
 Lorenzo F. Fisler. 
 Charles D. Hineline. 
 Lorenzo F. Fifder, 
 Samuel Scull. 
 James W. Shroff. 
 
 1857-58. 
 1858-60. 
 18ti0-62. 
 1862-63. 
 1863-64. 
 1864-67. 
 1867-71. 
 1871-74. 
 1874-70. 
 1876-77. 
 1877-80. 
 1880-86. 
 1886. 
 
 Benjamin A. Hammell. 
 Clayton Truax. 
 Thomas B. Atkinson. 
 Paul 0. Budd. 
 Timothy Middleton. 
 Paul C. Budd. 
 Charles Cox. 
 Samuel M. Gaul. 
 John H. Jones. 
 John Morgan. 
 James W. Ayers. 
 Claudius W. Bradshaw. 
 Jesse Pratt. 
 
 Samuel Laning, the first mayor of Camden, 
 was elected by the Council in 1828 and 1829, re- 
 signing in February, 1880, a few weeks before the 
 expiration of his term. He was long a prominent 
 man in public affairs, a builder by occupation, su- 
 
 1 Richard W. Howell was elected for the term beginning 1845 hut 
 declined to serve. 
 
 pervising the erection of the old City Hall, on Fed- 
 eral Street, in 1828. In 1840 he built the row of 
 three-story brick houses on the south side of Fed- 
 eral Street below Second, then regarded as an im- 
 portant improvement. For several years he and 
 his son Paul conducted a livery stable at Front 
 Street and Federal. He was an alderman for a 
 number of years. 
 
 Gideon V. Stivers, elected by the Council in 
 1830, and each succeeding year until 1837, inclu- 
 sive, was born in Bellville, Essex County, in 1786, 
 and learned his trade of carpenter in New York 
 City. When free he followed his trade in Newark 
 for a short time and then came to Camden. The first 
 house he built in this city, was for Edward Sharp, 
 in 1810, Silas Willitts doing the mason work. The 
 house still stands on the southeast corner of Second 
 and Cooper. He also built St. Paul's Church and 
 many other buildings. His shop was on Fourth 
 Street below Market. After he came to Camden 
 he turned his attention to bridge-building, his 
 first effort in that line being the bridge over the 
 Delaware between Lambertville and New Hope. 
 David Locks and Benjamin M. Farrow, now resid- 
 ing in Camden, worked for him, the latter as an 
 apprentice. In 1838 he removed to Philadelphia, 
 returning to Camden in 1856. In 1859 he was the 
 Democratic candidate for mayor, but was defeated. 
 In 1865 he again removed to Philadelphia, where 
 he died February 26, 1870. 
 
 Elias Kaighst, the third mayor, elected by 
 the Council in 1838 and re-elected in 1839, was 
 born September 28, 1799, at Clarksboro', Gloucester 
 County, and when of age came to Camden, locating 
 at Kaighns Point, where he engaged in industrial 
 pursuits. He was made an alderman and as such 
 took his seat in the Council in 1835 and many sub- 
 sequent years, being elected by the people in 1841, 
 when his commission had expired, but resuming 
 his oflice as an alderman the following year. He 
 was elected a member of the City Council by the 
 Democrats of the South Ward in 1853 for three 
 years. He was also a member of the Camden 
 township committee and of the Board of Chosen 
 Freeholders. He was a member of the Methodist 
 Church when located at Fourth and Federal, and 
 was one of the organizers of the Union Methodist 
 Episcopal Church, Fifth and Mount Vernon, with 
 which he remained until his death, holding vai-ious 
 official positions, as steward and class-leader, being 
 as energetic in his religious life as in his business 
 enterprises. He died November 4, 1864. 
 
 Lorenzo F. Fisler, M.D., was elected mayor 
 by Council in 1840 and re-elected in 1841-42 and 
 '43, he being one of the aldermen of the city and 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 431 
 
 as such taking his seat in the Council in 1839. He 
 was a candidate for mayor on the Whig ticket in 
 1848, but was defeated by Benjamin A. Hammell, 
 American. The vote was, Hammell, 269 ; Fisler, 
 243; Jonathan Burr, Democrat, 249. 
 
 In 1851 he was elected as the American candi- 
 date, receiving 440 votes to 345 votes for John 
 Sands, Democrat, and 135 for Dr. Othniel H. 
 Taylor, Whig. In 1852 he was defeated by Charles 
 D. Hineline, Democrat, the vote being, Hineline, 
 514 ; Fisler, 512 ; Walter Patton, Whig, 60. 
 
 He was the Whig and American candidate in 
 1853, and was elected, his vote being 649 to 477 for 
 Albert W. Markley, Democrat, and was re-elected 
 [n 1854 as the American and anti-Nebraska nomi- 
 nee, receiving 833 votes to 450 for John K. Cow- 
 perthwaite. He was the Republican candidate in 
 1859, but was defeated, as he was in 1866 and 1869, 
 when on the Democratic ticket. He was born in 
 Cumberland County in 1797, came to Camden in 
 1836 and died in 1871. 
 
 (For sketch of Judge John K. Cowperthwaite, 
 the fifth mayor, see page 215, and for sketch of 
 Richard W. Howell, Esq., a prominent lawyer, see 
 page 217. 
 
 Chaeles Kaighn was the sixth mayor. Rich- 
 ard W. Howell was elected by the people in March, 
 1845, but refused to serve, and City Council elected 
 Chas. Kaighn. He was born June 30, 1806, in the 
 Ferry House, Front and Kaighn Avenue, and was 
 the great-grandson of John Kaighn, the first set. 
 tier at Kaighns, Point. In the division of the 
 estate of his father, Joseph Kaighn, his share in- 
 cluded the lands lying east on Locust Street, and 
 this he sought to improve by wharfing the river- 
 front, where the ship-yard now is, providing better 
 ferry facilities and filling up the low grounds, and 
 it was to aid the last improvement that he pro- 
 jected a railroad upon which to haul earth from 
 the high lands, the road-bed of which, along At- 
 lantic Avenue, is used by the Gloucester Railroad- 
 He was member of City Council, township com- 
 mittees and Board of Chosen Freeholders. He 
 was a stanch advocate of education, a friend to 
 the poor and a philanthropist. He removed to 
 Philadelphia. He was secretary of the Camden Gas- 
 Light Company when he died, February 19, 1868. 
 
 Thomas B. Wood, elected mayor in 1846 and re- 
 elected in 1847, was born at AUowaystown, Salem 
 County, and worked on a farm until he removed 
 to Williamstown, Gloucester County, where he 
 was employed in a store and afterwards kept one 
 of the hotels in that village. In 1843 he was 
 elected to the State Assembly by the Democrats. 
 During the session of 1844 the county of Camden 
 
 was set off from Gloucester, and Williamstown, in- 
 cluded in Washington township was embraced 
 within the limits of the new county, of which 
 Wood was appointed the county clerk, when he re- 
 moved to Camden and was made mayor. When 
 his term as clerk expired' in 1849, he engaged in 
 business at the foot of Cooper Street, and after- 
 wards kept a store on Pine Street below Fourth, 
 where he died. 
 
 Benjamin A. Hammell was mayor twice: In 
 1848, when, as the Native American candidate, he 
 received 269 votes to 259 for Jonathan Burr, Dem- 
 ocrat, and Lorenzo F. Fisler, Whig, and in 1857, 
 when, as a Democrat, he received 576 votes to 529 
 for Joseph J. Moore, American, and 295 for Charles 
 Reeves, Republican. He was a member of Council 
 in 1845 and in 1851 ; was a member for three years 
 for the Middle Ward. He was engaged in the 
 sausage business, and died August 26, 1869. 
 
 Chaeles Sexton was born near Jacobstown, 
 Burlington County, and came to Camden in 1824. 
 He worked for Isaac Cole as a coach-trimmer, and 
 later was in the employ of the Camden and Am- 
 boy Railroad Company, at the shops at Borden- 
 town. He was an ordained Baptist minister. Al- 
 though never settled as a pastor, he preached in 
 many of the pulpits in this section of the State, 
 and assisted in establishing several churches. He 
 became a man of influence, and was well known 
 for his exemplary life. He was elected to the City 
 Council in 1845, and was elected mayor, as the 
 Whig and American candidate, in 1849, receiving 
 421 votes to 376 for Charles D. Hineline, Democrat. 
 He was re-elected in 1850, by a vote of 477 to 
 349 votes for George Smith, Democrat. He died 
 in 1883, at an advanced age. 
 
 Charles D. Hineline, elected in 1852, was 
 an erratic but brilliant man. He was born in 
 Northampton County, Pennsylvania, and learned 
 the trade of a printer in Philadelphia. He came 
 to Camden in 1842, and purchased the Tribune, 
 a weekly paper, of Harrison & Ferguson ; took in 
 with him as partner Henry Curtz, now of 413 
 Federal Street, and changed the name to the 
 American Star. In a few months he sold out his 
 interest to a man named Crane, and went West. 
 Returning in 1845, in the following year he estab- 
 lished the Camden Democrat, which he conducted 
 with success until 1853, when he sold it to Isaac 
 Mickle, the lawyer and historian, and returned to 
 his birth-place, in Northampton County, where 
 he kept store and engaged in the liquor business. 
 Ill success attended him, and in 1855 he again came 
 to Camden and established a weekly paper called 
 the Spirit of '76, which, in a few months, was merged 
 
432 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 into the Camden Democrat. Shortly afterwards he, 
 with Henry L. Bonsall and William Van Nortwick, 
 established the Mechanics' Own, a labor paper, in 
 Philadelphia, and a few years later Charles D. 
 Hineline died. He represented Camden County 
 in the Assembly in 1850 and 1851, and was largely 
 instrumental in securing the passage of the law 
 limiting the hours of labor to ten each day. 
 He was an earnest advocate of the rights of the 
 workingman, and with voice and pen advocated 
 laws calculated to lighten the exhaustiveness of 
 labor. 
 
 Samuel Scull was elected mayor by the Amer- 
 ican party in 1855, by a vote of 641 to 544 votes 
 for Thomas B. Atkinson. He was born in Camden 
 in 1816, and worked for a time at carriage-making, 
 his father, Samuel Scull, being one of the earliest 
 and most extensive carriage-makers of the city. 
 He afterwards engaged in the sausage business, his 
 factory being on the southeast corner of Locust 
 and Kaighn Avenue. He was elected to Council 
 in 1851, and re-elected in 1854 and 1856, and served 
 three terms in the Assembly. He was one of the 
 pillars of the Union Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 He died January 4, 1864. 
 
 James W. Shroep, mayor in 1856, was elected 
 by the Democrats, his vote being 752, to 730 for 
 Joseph Myers, American and Anti-Nebraska. He 
 was a carpenter and builder, and for many years 
 had charge of the moulding loft at Starr's Iron 
 Works. He died in 1864. 
 
 Clayton Teuax, the thirteenth mayor, was 
 born in Gloucester City December 11, 1814, and 
 came to Camden in 1833, when eighteen years old, to 
 learn the trade of shoemaking with Reilly Barrett, 
 which avocation he followed with success for many 
 years, his shop and store being on Arch Street, 
 below Fourth. In 1855 he was elected to repre- 
 sent the Middle Ward in the City Council, and in 
 1860, having served as mayor, was again elected to 
 Council, and re-elected in 1868, making nine years 
 of service, during which time he was a leading 
 and influential member. 
 
 In 1858 he was the candidate of the American 
 party for mayor, receiving also the support of the 
 Eepublicans, and was elected by a vote of 879, to 
 768 for Samuel Doughty, the Democratic nominee. 
 He was re-elected in 1859, having as competitors 
 Gideon V. Stivers, Democrat, and Dr. Lorenzo F. 
 Fisler, Republican. The vote was, Truax, 863 ; 
 Stivers, 353 ; Fisler, 374. He died July 19, 1876, 
 and was the first public man in whose honor the 
 new city hall bell was tolled. 
 
 Thomas B. Atkinson was elected to Council 
 from the Middle Ward in 1853, and recorder in 
 
 1856, as a Democrat, his vote being 777 to 647 for 
 William J. Miller, American. He was defeated 
 for mayor in 1855 by Samuel Scull, and in 1867 
 and 1869 by Charles Cox, but was elected in 1860, 
 receiving 608 votes to 578 for Paul C. Budd, Ameri- 
 can, and 547 for William F. Colbert, Republican ; 
 in 1861, the vote being, — Atkinson, 904; Budd, 
 634; Samuel Hufty, 480. 
 
 Mr. Atkinson was born in Camden in 1815, 
 and was a son of Josiah Atkinson, a prominent 
 citizen and a magistrate of the county. He was a 
 carpenter and builder, and a number of large 
 buildings in the city were the result of his handi- 
 work ; among them, the Third Street Methodist 
 Episcopal Church, Third and Bridge Avenue. He 
 became connected with the church during the 
 great revival of 1837,-38, and to the end remained 
 a consistent member. He died January 3, 1886. 
 
 Paul C. Budd was born in Philadelphia in 
 1804, and came to Camden twenty years afterward, 
 where he worked for Isaac Vansciver, the carriage- 
 maker, as a coach-painter. House-painting was 
 also in his line, and he worked at it for many 
 years. In 1852 he was elected justice of the peace 
 in the North Ward, and re-elected five successive 
 times, making a total service of thirty years. He 
 was appointed crier of the county courts in 1859, 
 and held the position until within a' short time of 
 his death, a period of nearly twenty-two years. He 
 was seven times a candidate for mayor, being de- 
 feated three times — in 1860 and 1861 by Thomas 
 B. Atkinson, and in 1863 by Timothy Middle- 
 ton. 
 
 The following is the vote cast when he was 
 elected mayor : 1862 — P. C. Budd, American-Re- 
 publican, 987 ; James M. Cassady, Democrat, 716. 
 1864^P. C. Budd, Republican, 1159; Timothy 
 Middleton, Democrat, 868. 1865— P. C. Budd, Re- 
 publican, 1126; Wesley P. Murray, Democrat, 
 857; 1866, P. C. Budd, Republican, 1304; Lorenzo 
 F. Fisler, Democrat, 1188. 
 
 In 1874 he was elected city recorder for three 
 years. During his term (1876), John H. Jones, 
 the mayor, died, but before Recorder Budd could 
 take possession, by virtue of his ofiice of recorder, 
 the City Council held a special meeting and elected 
 John Morgan to fill the vacancy. Paul C. Budd 
 died in 1881. 
 
 Timothy Middleton, elected mayor in 1863 
 over Paul C. Budd, Republican, by a vote of 958 
 to 948, was born January 21, 1817, in the stone 
 house, on the Kaighn farm, now standing on Sixth 
 Street, north of Kaighn Avenue. His father, 
 Amos A. Middleton, worked some of the Kaighn 
 land and afterwards the William Cooper farm, and 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 433 
 
 was a member of the City Council for ten consecu- . 
 tive years, — 1838 to 1848. On these farms young 
 Middleton was brought up, obtaining his education 
 in slack seasons at the Camden Academy, or in 
 the Hatch school-house. On November 19, 1840, 
 he married Hester A. E. Jenkins, daughter of 
 Andrew Jenkins, and rented the Johnson farm at 
 Pea Shore, and then the Johnson farm at Glouces- 
 ter City. He removed to Camden in 1857. In 
 1861 he was elected city marshal by the Demo- 
 crats, and, in 1863, mayor. He was a candidate 
 for the latter office in 1864, but was defeated by 
 Paul C. Budd. He was of kindly disposition and 
 generally loved and respected. He died April 15, 
 1867. 
 
 Chaeles Cox was elected mayor in 1867, on the 
 Eepublican ticket, by a vote of 1173 to 1107 for 
 Thomas B. Atkinson, re-elected in 1868 by 1408 to 
 1289 for Dr. Lorenzo F. Fisler, in 1869 by 1575 to 
 1280 for Thomas B. Atkinson ; and in 1870 by a 
 vote of 1640 to 1575 for William H. Jeffreys. In 
 1871 he was the Republican candidate for city re- 
 corder, and was elected by a vote of 2420 to 2221 
 votes for John Goldthorpe. 
 
 Charles Cox was born at White Horse, Camden 
 County, February 15, 1820, and worked at farming 
 until fifteen years of age, when he was apprenticed 
 to Jacob Shaffer to learn the painters' trade, which 
 he pursued when he came to Camden, in 1839, and 
 followed for twenty years afterwards. He then 
 engaged in the milk business, with his depot on 
 Bridge Avenue, below Fourth Street, at the house 
 he built for his residence many yearsbefore. When 
 his term as recorder expired, in 1884, he opened a 
 magistrate's office, associating with it the real es- 
 tate business. He was elected assessor of the city 
 in 1844 as a Whig. He has been a consistent mem- 
 ber of the Methodist Episcopal Church for years. 
 
 Samtjbl M. Gaul, elected mayor in 1871 by a 
 vote of 2415 to 2297 for William H. Jeffreys, Dem- 
 ocrat, is a native of Philadelphia, where he was 
 born June 2, 1822. He learned shoemaking, 
 came to Camden in 1858, and in 1861 enlisted in 
 the army as first lieutenant of Company G, Fourth 
 New Jersey Volunteers ; served through the war 
 and won the captaincy of Company F, same regi- 
 ment. The only other political office he has held 
 was that of assessor of the South Ward, to which he 
 was elected by the Eepublicans in 1870. 
 
 John H. Jones was elected mayor in 1874, by 
 the Democrats, over Henry L. Bonsall, Eepubli- 
 can, the vote being, Jones, 2789; Bonsall, 2748. 
 He died before the completion of his term. He 
 was born in Queen Anne's County, Md., in 1809, 
 and, at the age of fourteen, went to Philadelphia, 
 
 became a book and job printer, and later published 
 the Daily Sun, a Native American orgaij. He 
 afterwards published the American Banner, a 
 weekly advocate of Native American principles, 
 and which found extensive patronage in West 
 Jersey. He came to Camden and assumed the 
 leadership of the American party, which, for sev- 
 eral years, was dominant in the city and strong 
 throughout this section of the State. In 1858 he 
 was the nominee of a section of the party in the 
 First District for Congress, but was defeated, and, 
 in 1859, was the unsuccessful candidate of that 
 party for sheriff of Camden County. He served in 
 the Board of Chosen Freeholders from the Seventh 
 Ward, and there, as elsewhere, was progressive in 
 his views. In 1870, when the Camden Democrat 
 was struggling for life, Mr. Jones was given charge 
 of it and his vim and ability soon placed it in the 
 van of influential journals in this part of the State. 
 As a politician and journalist, he advocated the 
 rights of the working men, and, as an employer, 
 practiced his precepts, always paying high wages. 
 He was childless, but no waif was turned from his 
 door, and there were always happy children in his 
 house. He left the mayor's office on the evening of 
 October 27, 1876, and went to his home at Seventh 
 Street and Pine, and, shortly after entering, died 
 without a word. 
 
 John Morgan was appointed mayor by the 
 City Council to serve the unexpired term of John 
 H. Jones upon his death, October 27, 1876, and he 
 filled the office until the following March, when, 
 as the Democratic candidate, he was defeated by 
 James W. Ayers. He was a silver-plater, born in 
 Philadelphia, and, coming to Camden in 1841, he 
 carried on an extensive business in his line. He 
 died some years ago. 
 
 James W. Ayeks, elected mayor on the Eepub- 
 lican ticket in 1877, over John Morgan, by a vote 
 of 3907 to 8030, was born in New York City, No- 
 vember 24, 1822, of New Jersey parents, and, 
 when ten years of age was apprenticed to the 
 hair cloth and curled hair trade, serving six years. 
 At sixteen he was employed as a journeyman. In 
 1841 he came to Camden, and, for sixteen years 
 worked for Samuel Eoss, the hair cloth manufac- 
 turer, at Fourth and Federal. He was on the po- 
 lice force in 1861, and again, from 1864 to 1874^ 
 under Mayors Budd, Cox and Gaul. When not on 
 the police force, he was employed by the Pennsyl- 
 vania Eailroad in various capacities, as also since 
 the expiration of his term as mayor, in 1880. He 
 was chief engineer of the Volunteer Fire Depart- 
 ment, and was elected a member of council from 
 the Middle Ward in 1859. 
 
434 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Claudius W. Bradshaw was bora in Sheffield, 
 England, October 29, 1835 ; came to America with 
 his parents in 1840, who located in West Philadel- 
 phia, and in 1843 removed to Camden, where, 
 after obtaining his education, the son learned the 
 trade of a wood-turner. He worked at this busi- 
 ness for many years; in the meantime was an 
 active member of the Independence Fire Company. 
 In 1870 he was elected city marshal by the Demo- 
 crats, and in 1872, at a special election, he was 
 elected Councilman-at-large, and broke the dead- 
 lock in the Council, which had continued for sev- 
 eral weeks. In 1876 he was appointed chief of the 
 Fire Department by the City Council. In 1880 the 
 Democrats elected him mayor by a vote of 8511 
 to 3470 for Benjamin F. Archer, Republican, and 
 re-elected him in 1883 by a vote of 4317 to 3342 
 for Henry H. Davis, Republican. He was again a 
 candidate in 1886, when Mayor Pratt was elected. 
 
 Jesse Pratt, the present mayor, who illustrates 
 in his success what can be accomplished in even a 
 short career, was born at Blackwood, Camden 
 County, March 27, 1848, and was a son of William 
 and Deborah Pratt. He obtained his education 
 at the public schools of his native village, and 
 worked as a farmer near by until he became of age. 
 In November, 1869, he opened a store in Stockton 
 (now the Eighth Ward of Camden), and, after doing 
 business there six years, went to Lower Providence, 
 in Montgomery County, Pa., where he engaged in 
 farming. In February, 1876, he returned to Cam- 
 den and entered the provision business at his 
 present store, 122 North Third Street, and took up 
 his residence in the Eighth Ward. In 1883 Mr. 
 Pratt was elected to the City Council. He had 
 always entertained pronounced temperance views, 
 and he voted against license in the municipal body 
 to which he was chosen ; hence it was not unnat- 
 ural that upon the expiration of his term, in 1886, 
 he was elected mayor as the Prohibition-Republican 
 candidate. He received five thousand seven hun- 
 dred and fifty-eight votes, to the three thousand 
 nine hundred and ninety cast for Claudius W. 
 Bradshaw, Democrat. 
 
 Mr. Pratt was married, November 28, 1868, to 
 Jane, daughter of John and Ann Thornton, of 
 Roxborough, Philadelphia. Their children are 
 William Henry, Walter T., Edna, Thomas B. and 
 Byron B. Pratt. 
 
 The City Council. — The following are those 
 who, as aldermen, acted as members of Council 
 from 1828 until 1851, when aldermen ceased to be 
 Councilmen : 
 
 . 1829. Isaac Smith. 
 
 1833. Joseph W. Cooper. 
 
 1834. Eobert W. Ogden. 
 llichard Fetters. 
 
 1835. Elias Kaighn. 
 
 1837. Isaac Wilkins. 
 
 1838. Isaiah Toy. 
 
 1839. Win. J. Hatch. 
 Lorenzo F. Fisler. 
 
 1828. 
 
 COMMON COUNCIL 
 
 Ebenozer Toole. 
 Richard Fettei-s. 
 John Lawrence. 
 Edward Daugherty. 
 William Ridgway. 
 Ebenezer Poole. 
 Edward Daugherty. 
 Isaac Wilkins. 
 John Lawrence. 
 Joseph W. Cooper. 
 Charles H. Ellis. 
 Ebenezer Toole. 
 John Lawrence. 
 Richard Fetters. 
 Charles Stokes. 
 John Lawrence. 
 Richard Fetters. 
 Charles H Ellis. 
 Ebenezer Toole. 
 Joseph W. Cooper. 
 Joseph W, Cooper. 
 Isaiah Toy. 
 Ebenezer Toole. 
 Richard W. Howell. 
 Robert W. Ogden. 
 Isaiah Toy. 
 Richard I'etters. 
 William Ridgway. 
 Ebenezer Poole. 
 Isaac Vansciver. 
 Isaiah Toy. 
 Richard W. Howell. 
 Isaac Vansciver. 
 Joshua Burrough. 
 John Thome. 
 Isaac Vansciver. ■ 
 John W. Mickle. 
 Isaac Wilkins. 
 William Ridgway. 
 Isaac M. Everly. 
 Isaac Vansciver. 
 John W. Mickle. 
 Isaac Wilkins. 
 Isaac M. Everly. 
 Benjamin Buixough. 
 John W. Mickle. 
 Isaac Vansciver. 
 Isaac Wilkins. 
 Peter R. Walker, 
 Benjamin Burrough. 
 
 1844. Charles Kaighn. 
 1846. Thomas B. Wood. 
 
 1848. Philip J. Grey. 
 Edward Browning, 
 
 1849. AiJa McAlla. 
 Ellis B. Hall. 
 
 1850. Charles Sexton. 
 James W. ShrofF. 
 
 MEN (elected annually), 
 
 1838. Isaac WilkJns. 
 Isaac Vansciver. 
 John W. Mickle. 
 Benjamin Springer. 
 Amos A. Middleton. 
 
 1839. Richard Fetters. 
 Isaac Vansciver. 
 Isaac Wilkins. 
 Amos A. Middleton. 
 Benjamin Springer. 
 
 1840. Seth Matlack. 
 Isaac Vansciver. 
 Isaac Wilkins. 
 Amos A. Middleton. 
 Benjamin Springer. 
 
 1841. Richard Fetters. 
 Amos A. Middleton. 
 Elias Kaighn. 
 Joab Scull. 
 Charles S. Garrett. 
 
 1842. Gideon V Stivers. 
 Richard Fetters. 
 Amos A. Middleton. 
 Charles S. Garrett. 
 Joseph Sharp. 
 
 1843. Benjamin Springer. 
 Amos A. Middleton. 
 Isaac Cole. 
 Joab Scull. 
 Charles S. Garrett. 
 
 1844. Isaac Cole. 
 John L. Rheeso. 
 Amos A. Middleton, 
 Charles S. Garrett. 
 Clayton Truax. 
 
 1845. Charles J. Hollis. 
 Benjamin A. Haminell. 
 Charles Sexton. 
 Amos A, Middleton. 
 Jacob W. Sharp. 
 
 184G. Charles S. Garrett. 
 
 John Thorne. 
 
 Isaac Colo. 
 
 John K. Thompson. 
 
 Amos A. Middleton. 
 1847. Isaac Mickle. 
 
 Joseph P. Huyck. 
 
 John Thorne. 
 
 Charles S. Lewis. 
 
 Amos A. Middleton. 
 
 (In 1848 a change in the charter divided the city 
 into North, Middle andSouth Wards, each to elect 
 six Councilmen). 
 
 1828. Samuel Laniog. 
 
 John K. Cowperthwaite. 
 
 James W. Sloan. 
 Gideon V, Stivei-s. 
 
 1848. Richard W. Howell. 
 Charles S. Lewis. 
 Charles S. Garrett, 
 Matthew Miller, Jr. 
 John R. Thompson. 
 William B. Mulford. 
 
 Florance M. Bingham. 
 John Sands. 
 Wm. D. Hicks. 
 James W. Shroff. 
 Joseph Sharp. 
 Joseph J. Moore. 
 
c:^/ 
 
 ^e^ 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 435 
 
 1850. Kichard Fetters. Wm. Lore. 
 
 Joshua J. Benson. Josiah Sawn. 
 
 Wm. D. Hicks. George F. Boss. 
 
 (The new charter of 1851 dispensed with the 
 mayor, recorder and aldermen as municipal legis- 
 lators, and confined them to the duty of adminis- 
 tering the law as magistrates, and judges of the 
 city sessions of court. It continued the division 
 into three wards, and made the council consist of 
 eighteen members,— six from each ward, elected 
 for three years, two from each ward annually, and, 
 instead of the mayor or recorder, Council elected 
 a president). 
 
 1866. Alexander T. Wilson. 
 Henry L. Moulton. 
 John Hood. 
 
 James Elwell. 
 Henry Pierson. 
 Thomas Merryweather. 
 
 1867. William Stilea. 
 Thomas C. Knight. 
 Ebenezpr Wescott. 
 John Fine. 
 
 John Goldthorpe. 
 Mayberry E. Harden. 
 Job ChanneL* 
 
 1868. Wilson Fitzgerald. 
 William H. Cole. 
 George W. Watson. 
 
 Charles W. Sutterly. 
 Thomas McDowell. 
 Henry B. Wilson. 
 William Calhoun. 
 Samuel C. Harbert. 
 Jonathan Kirkbride. 
 Samuel Iszard. 
 Richard Perks. 
 Jehu Osier. 
 , David H. Munday. 
 John S. Read. 
 Josiah S. Hackett. 
 Charles Pine. 
 John Goldthorpe.. 
 Alonzo B. Johnson. 
 
 1851. Richard W. Howell. 
 Aula McAlla. 
 Joseph W. Cooper. 
 Samuel Lummis. 
 Ralph Lee. 
 Samuel Anderson. 
 Wm. H. Hood. 
 Benjamin A. Hammell. 
 Wm. Pinyard. 
 Joseph N. Emery. 
 Wm. Lore. 
 
 Charles Sartora. 
 Josiah Sawn. 
 Robert T. Bannin. ' 
 Samuel Scull. 
 Lambert F. Beatty. 
 Walter Nangle. 
 Benjamin G. Peck. 
 
 1852. Samuel Andrews. 
 Wm. D. Hicks. 
 Samuel Lytle. 
 John R. Thompson. 
 George W. Watson. 
 Robert Folwell.i 
 
 1853. Joseph W. Cooper. 
 Andrew W. Adams. 
 Matthew Miller. 
 Thomas B. Atkinson. 
 Thomas A. Wilson. 
 Elias Kaighn. 
 
 1854. Jesse Townsend. 
 Grundy Hindle. 
 EHwood K. Fortner. 
 Wm. Lore. 
 Samuel Scull. 
 Wm. J. Miller. 
 
 1855. Samuel Andrews, 
 Wm. J. Hatch. 
 Clayton Truax. 
 Edmund E. Read. 
 George W. Watson. 
 John G. Hutchinson. 
 
 1856. Benjamin Browning. 
 David Ooraon. 
 Abraham W. Nash. 
 Jesse E. Huston. 
 Josiah D. Rogers.^ 
 Josiah F. Dorman. 
 William Sharp. 
 
 1857. Joseph Trimble. 
 John Ambruster. 
 Isaac W. Mickle. 
 
 Samuel Lytle. 
 Samuel Scull. 
 Joseph H. Peck. 
 
 1858. SEunuel Andrews. 
 Joseph R. HamelL 
 Joshua M. Lindale. 
 Samuel McLain. 
 George W. Watson. 
 Wm. F. Colbert. 
 
 1859. Charles P. Stratton. 
 Ralph Lee. 
 Joshua W. Roberts. 
 James W. Ayers. 
 Mark B. Wills. 
 Christopher J. Mines. 
 Charles Sharp.3 
 
 1860. Jacob H. Sides. 
 Alden C. Scovel. 
 Clayton Truax. 
 James H. Stevens. 
 John R. Thompson. 
 Wm, Sharp. 
 
 1861. Aaron Ward. 
 
 David M, Chambers, 
 Jesse E. Huston. 
 Samuel McLain. 
 John W. Stutzer. 
 John G. Nefif. 
 
 1862. Ralph Lee. 
 Samuel C. Cooper. 
 James Elwell. 
 John T. Davis. 
 Mark B. Wills. 
 George W. Watson, 
 
 1863. John S. Read. 
 Alexander T, Wilson. 
 Henry M. Innis. 
 Clayton Tmax. 
 John R. Thompson, 
 Thomas Shields. 
 
 1864. David L. Taylor. 
 John Begary. 
 Samuel McLain. 
 Grundy Hindle. 
 Henry B. Wilson. 
 Jesse Hall. 
 
 1865. Samuel C. Cooper. 
 Benjamin F, Archer. 
 John S. Lee. 
 Wilson Fitzgerald. 
 Charles B. Coles. 
 Levi B. Newton. 
 
 (The revised charter of 1871 divided the city into 
 eight wards, each ward having three elected for 
 three years, each ward electing one every year). 
 
 1871. Charles A. Sparks. 
 William Stiles. 
 William H. Cole.6 
 Charles Mayhew. 
 Frederick Bourquin. 
 Jacob C. Daubman. 
 Charles C. Moffett.fi 
 Horace Hammell, 
 Thomas H. Albright. 
 James Kennedy. 
 Anthony Yoll. 
 Andrew Cunningham. 
 Ellis Boggs. 
 
 John Dobbins. 
 
 1872. William T. Bailey. 
 James A. Parsons. 
 Augustus J. Fulmer. 
 Samuel E. Radcliff. 
 Charles C. Molfett. 
 Alfred H. Mead. 
 Thomas McDowell.' 
 James S. Henry. 
 Joseph H. Hall. 
 John Dobbins.s 
 
 1873. William S. Scull. 
 John S. Read. 
 Josiah S. Hackett, 
 George Johnson. 
 William W. Mines. 
 William 0. Figner. 
 Edward Martin. 
 John M. Harden. 
 
 1874. Charles S. Ridgway. 
 John T. Bottomley. 
 Charles H. Biceraan. 
 Frederick Bom-quin, 
 Jacob C. Daubman. 
 John Guthridge. 
 Caleb F. Rogers. 
 Tbomas B. Wood. 
 
 1875. 
 
 1876. 
 
 Wm. D. Middleton.o 
 Emmor D. French. 
 James A. Parsons. 
 Augustus J. Fulmer. 
 Thomas J. Mason. 
 Edward Lewis. 
 Henry B. Francis. 
 James S. Henry. 
 Winfield S. Plank. 
 E. D. French. 
 James P. Micbellon. 
 Josiah S. Hackett. 
 George Johnson. 
 Samuel P. Dubois.io 
 William Evans. 
 Alonzo D. Nichols. 
 Joseph Smith. 
 John Heim. 
 Charles P. Stratton. 
 John T. Bottomley. 
 Frederick P. Pfeiffer. 
 Charles N. Pelouzo. 
 Henry B. Wilson. 
 Thomas Fields. 
 John Stone, 
 Joseph H. Hall. 
 Bicbard Perka." 
 William Abies. 
 J. Willard Morgan. 
 Angus B. Cameron. 
 Crawford Miller. 
 Edward D. Knight. 
 John H. Dialogue. 
 Elwood W. Kemble. 
 John W. Dongea. 
 Joseph McAllister. 
 James P, Michellou. 
 Andrew Rabeau. 
 Alexander J. Milliette. 
 Henry B. Francis. 
 
 1 Vice L. F. Beatty, resigned. ^ yice Wm. Lore, deceased. 
 •* Vice J. H. Peck, resigned. 
 
 ^Vice S. C. Harbert, removed. 
 
 5 Vice R. Perks, removed. 
 
 6 Contested and was given Mead's seat, and Josiah Matlack was 
 elected vice Hammell, resigned. 
 
 7 Was elected vice Boggs, resigned. Claudius W. Bi-adshaw wad 
 elected councilman-at-large under a supplement to the charter. 
 
 8 At large. 
 
 Contested and was given the seat. 
 
 10 At large. 
 
 11 Contested and won the seat. 
 
436 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Edward J. Dougherty. 
 
 James A. "Worrell. 
 
 Benjamin H. Smith. 
 1880. Daniel B. Smith. 
 
 Wilbur F. KOBe. 
 
 Frederick P. Pfeiffer. 
 
 William T. Mead. 
 
 Lewie HoU. 
 
 William T. Sloan. 
 
 James S. Henry. 
 
 John Stone. 1 
 
 John Helm. 
 1S81. John W. Branning.2 
 
 Charles F. HoUinshead. 
 
 Frederick A. Kex. 
 
 Angus B. Cameron. 
 
 Goldson Test. 
 
 Eohert C. Baker. 
 
 John H. Dialogue. 
 
 James S. Henry. 
 
 John W. Dongas. 
 
 1882. Joseph McAllister. 
 James M. Stradling.3 
 John Campbell. 
 John W. Wartman. 
 D. Cooper Carman. 
 Frederick Bourquin.* 
 George Harneff. 
 
 • B. Franklin Bailey .5 
 Edward J. Dougherty. 
 John Hughes. 
 William W. Smith. 
 
 1883. Frank A. Kendall. 
 
 George H. James. 
 William T. Mead. 
 Maurice A. Rogers. 
 George Pfeiffer, Jr. 
 David T. Campbell. « 
 Francis F. Souders. 
 Jesse Pratt. 
 
 1884. William B. E. Miller.' 
 James M. Stradling. 
 Frederick A. Re.x. 
 Samuel A. Murray. 
 Jonathan Duffleld. 
 Henry C. Moffett. 
 John H. Dialogue. ' 
 John Stone. 
 Thomas Harman. 
 
 1885. George Barrett. 
 John Campbell. 
 Henry M. Snyder.8 
 William Myers. 
 Mahlon T. Ivins. 
 John D. Leckner. 
 David T. Campbell. 
 James Godfrey. 
 Charles H. Helmbold. 
 
 1886. Isaac C. Githens. 
 Henry M. Snyder. 
 Robert M. Barber. 
 George S. West. 
 Maurice A. Eogera. 
 David G. Vannote. 
 Joseph E. Eoss. 
 William Dorell. 
 
 J. Willard Morgan. 
 
 Presidents of City Council. — Previous to 1851 the 
 mayor or recorder presided over the deliberations 
 of City Council, and since then the Council elected 
 a president annually. 
 
 1873. John S. Read. 
 
 1874. William C. Figner. 
 
 1876. Charles S. Eidgway. 
 
 1877. John T. Bottomley. , 
 
 1880. William Abies. 
 
 1881. James P. Michellon. 
 
 1882. John W. Donges. 
 
 1883. John H. Dialogue. , 
 
 1884. James M. Stradling. ' 
 
 1885. Frederick A. Rex. 
 
 1886. Jonathan Duffield. 
 
 City Recorders. — Until 1850 the recorder was 
 chosen by the Legislature, since then by the 
 people, — 
 
 1862. Joseph J. Moore. 
 
 1865. Isaac L. Lowe. 
 
 1866. Robert FolwoU. 
 1868. Levi B. Newton. 
 1871. Charles Cox. 
 1874. Paul C. Budd. 
 1877-86. Bonj. M. Braker. . 
 
 1851. Richard W. Howell. 
 1854. Samuel Andrews. 
 
 1859. Samuel Scull. 
 
 1860. Samuel Andrews. 
 1863. John B. Thompson. 
 1865. Jesse Hall. 
 
 1867. Benjamin F. Archer. 
 
 1868. Thomas C. Knight. 
 18Y0. Heni-yB. Wilson. 
 
 1871. Samuel Iszard. 
 
 1872. Josiah S. Hackett. 
 
 1828. John K. Cowperthwaite. 
 1840. James W. Sloan. 
 1848. Philip J. Grey. 
 1850. Jonathan Burr. 
 1883. Wm. D. Hicks. 
 18.^6. Thomas B. Atkinson. 
 1859. BleazerJ. Toram. 
 
 1 At large. 
 
 3 Elected vice HoUinshead, resigned. 
 
 3 Contested and attained the seat, holding it until ousted by the 
 Supreme Court, a short time before the term expired. 
 * Elected vice Baker, deceased. 
 
 5 Elected vwe Dougherty, resigned. 
 
 6 At Large. 
 
 7 Elected vice J. W. Morgan, resigned. 
 s Vice C. B. Cole, resigned. 
 
 1828. 
 1829. 
 1831. 
 1832. 
 1843. 
 1844. 
 1850. 
 1861. 
 1856. 
 1857. 
 
 Samuel Ellis. 
 William W. Butler. 
 Thomas Green. 
 Josiah Harrison. 
 Thomas H. Dudley. 
 Thomas W. Mulford. 
 Alfred Hugg. 
 Joseph Myers. 
 Alfred Hugg. 
 William J. Miller. 
 
 Oily Clerics. 
 
 1858. 
 1859. 
 1866. 
 1872. 
 1873. 
 1874. 
 1876. 
 1877. 
 1882. 
 1884. 
 
 Alexander A. Hammell. 
 Samuel W. Thoman. 
 Joseph C. Nichols. 
 Frederick W. Tan'. 
 Joseph C. Nichols. 
 Joseph Bontemps. 
 Frederick W. Tarr. 
 Frank F, Michellon. 
 Richard C. Thompson. 
 D. Cooper Carman. 
 
 City Treasurers were appointed by Council an- 
 nually until 1866, when they were made elective 
 by the people for terms of two years, changed to 
 three years in 1871,- — 
 
 1828. 
 
 1829-38. 
 
 1838-42. 
 
 1843. 
 
 1844. 
 
 1845. 
 
 1846-50. 
 
 1851. 
 
 1852-53. 
 
 1854^55. 
 
 1856. 
 
 1857. 
 
 Eeuben Ludlum. 
 Isaac Smith. 
 Josiah Harrison. 
 Thoma£i H. Dudley. 
 Thomas W. Mulford. 
 Jesse Smith. 
 Thomas W. Mulford. 
 Thomas H. Dudley. 
 Alfred Hugg. 
 Isaac H. Porter. 
 James B. Dayton. 
 Isaac H. Porter. 
 
 1858. 
 
 1859. 
 
 1800. 
 
 1861-63. 
 
 1864-65. 
 
 1866-74. 
 
 1874. 
 
 1875. 
 
 1878. 
 
 1881. 
 
 1884. 
 
 Charles S. Garrett. 
 Reilly Barrett. 
 Isaac H. Porter. 
 Reilly Barrett. 
 Abner Sparks. 
 Samuel Hufty. 
 Randal E. Morgan.^ 
 James W. Wroth. 
 Joseph A. Porter. 
 Richard F. Smith. 
 Frank F. Michellon. 
 
 Feank F. Michellon, present city treasurer^ 
 was born in Philadelphia November 7, 1844, and 
 was the son of Anthony and Elizabeth (Dorr) 
 Michellon, both of old families in this country, 
 that of the former originally from France, and 
 that of the latter from Germany, and long settled 
 in Lancaster County, Pa. The family removed to 
 Camden in 1848, and the father was for many 
 years cashier of the old Kaighns Point and Phila- 
 delphia Ferry Company. Young Michellon, after 
 leaving school, became a clerk in the hardware store 
 of Henry B. Wilson, and, later, was in the office 
 of Peter L. Voorhees, Esq. In 1862 he entered the 
 office of Benjamin F. Glenn, a real estate agent 
 and conveyancer of Philadelphia, and there learned 
 conveyancing. He constantly maintained his re- 
 sidence in Camden, and, in 1877, was elected city 
 clerk and clerk of Council, which office he held for 
 five years. In 1884 he was elected on the Repub- 
 lican ticket to the more responsible position of 
 city treasurer, for the duties of which his services 
 in the lesser place had indicated his fitness. Mr. 
 Michellon was united in marriage. May 4, 1881, to 
 Elizabeth L. (daughter of Alfred and Catharine) 
 Vandegrifb, of an old Bucks County, Pa., family. 
 
 Receivers of Taxes. — Prior to 1871 taxes were 
 gathered by the ward collectors, but the charter of 
 that year abolished the office of ward collector 
 
 Samuel Hufty died in 1874, and the City Council appointed Ran- 
 dal E, Morgan to act until the election, in 1875. 
 
U^' 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 437 
 
 and provided for the election of a receiverof taxes 
 by the people for terms of three years, — 
 
 1871-77. A. ClifTord Jackson. 1883-86. William H. Eightmire. 
 1877-83. George M. Tlirashor. 
 
 William H. Eightmieb is of Holland extrac- 
 tion, being a grandson of James Eightmire, who 
 resided in Middlesex County, N. J., where he was 
 both a farmer and a school-teacher. Among his 
 six children was Jacob V., born March 4, 1800, 
 who also resided in Middlesex County, where he 
 filled the double role of farmer and merchant. 
 He married Isabella Franks and had twelve chil- 
 dren — nine sons and three daughters— all of whom 
 reached mature years. The death of Mr. Eight- 
 mire occurred in October, 1880. He was in his 
 political predictions a Whig, and later a Eepubli- 
 can. Though averse to office, he was the recipient 
 of many distinctions conferred by citizens irre- 
 spective of party. A man of public spirit, he was 
 liberal with his means in enterprises pertaining 
 to both church and state. His son, William H. 
 Eightmire, was born May 19, 1845, in Middlesex 
 County, N. J., where his youth was spent. At the 
 age of seventeen he entered the army as a soldier 
 in the Twenty-eighth Eegiment New Jersey Vol- 
 unteers, and remained in service ten months. He 
 was taken prisoner at Chancellorsville and con- 
 fined for three months at Belle Isle, opposite Eich- 
 mond, enduring meanwhile many privations. 
 Having effected an exchange, he was sent to the 
 convalescent camp at Annapolis, Md., and soon 
 after returned to his home. On recovering, he 
 removed to South Amboy, and later came to Cam- 
 den as an employee of the Camden and Amboy 
 Eailroad. He subsequently entered and was 
 graduated from the Eastman's Commercial College, 
 Poughkeepsie, when, having made Jersey City his 
 residence, he remained for four years associated 
 with the Jersey City and Bergen Eailroad. Mr. 
 Eightmire then returned to Camden and embarked 
 in the marble business. In 1883 he was elected 
 receiver of taxes for Camden for a term of three 
 years, and re-elected in 1886 by the largest majority 
 ever given in Camden, his support not being con- 
 fined to the Eepublican party, whose principles he 
 espouses. He is a member of T. M. K. Lee Post, 
 No. 5, Department of New Jersey, Grand Army of 
 the Eepublic. Mr. Eightmire is a supporter of the 
 Baptist Church, of which his wife is a member. 
 He was, on the 9th of June, 1869, married to 
 Miss Lydia A., daughter of Augustus Vansciver, of 
 Camden, whose mother, Mrs. Rebecca Stow, grand- 
 daughter of Stow, a member of the firm of 
 
 Percival & Stow, who cast the Independence bell. 
 52 
 
 The Stows came originally from Edinburgh, Scot- 
 land. Their children are Maud and Harry K. 
 
 Frank S. Jones is of Welsh descent. His great- 
 grandfather was Nathaniel Jones, who, on his emi- 
 gration, settled in Kalamazoo, Mich. His children 
 were seven sons, among whom was Theophilus, 
 born in Michigan, who married a descendant of 
 General Israel Putnam, of Revolutionary fame. 
 Their children were seven sons, among whom was 
 William D., born in Utica, N. Y., where he fol- 
 lowed the trade of a painter. He later removed to 
 Philadelphia, and there conducted business for 
 several years. In 1855 he located in Camden, 
 where his death occurred in 1862. He married 
 Elizabeth D., seventh daughterof Benjamin Grover, 
 a tanner of Salem, Mass. His children were seven 
 sons, — Philip H., Benjamin D., Charles, Marcus T., 
 John W., Charles P. and Frank S. The last- 
 named, and only survivor, was born in Philadel- 
 phia, May 21, 1845, and spent his youth in that 
 city, whence he removed to Camden in 1855. His 
 early education was received at the Southeast 
 Grammar School, Philadelphia, and he afterward 
 entered the Northwest Grammar School, in the 
 same city. In August, 1861, he enlisted in the 
 Fourth New Jersey Eegiment, and remained in 
 the service until May, 1862, the date of his dis- 
 charge as a consequence of a wound received at 
 Annandale, Va. In 1868 he re-enlisted in the 
 Twelfth Pennsylvania Cavalry Eegiment, was 
 wounded a second time, and, being discharged 
 after one year of service, returned to Camden. 
 Mr. Jones then resumed his trade — that of a 
 painter. He was, in 1876, employed by the gov- 
 ernment in the clothing department of the Schuyl- 
 kill Arsenal, Philadelphia, and, in 1884, appointed 
 by the Board of Assessors of Camden, as clerk 
 of the board. He was, in 1876, elected justice 
 of the peace, which oflBce he holds for the third 
 term, and alderman, in which capacity he is serv- 
 ing his second term. He was appointed, in 1886, 
 assistant .receiver of taxes for the term of three 
 years, and is now filling that office. As a Eepub- 
 lican, Mr. Jones has been actively engaged in 
 politics. He is a comrade of T. M. K. Lee Post, 
 No. 5, G. A. E., and held for three years the 
 office of adjutant. He is secretary of the Veteran 
 Charitable Association, of Camden, and a member 
 of the Improved Order of Eed Men, and of the 
 Heptisophs. He was appointed by Governor Lud- 
 low, in March, 1881, notary public. Mr. Jones 
 worships with the congregation of the Protestant 
 Episcopal Church, of which he is a supporter. He 
 was, on September 12, 1870, married to Mrs. Han- 
 nah S. Pierce, daughter of John W. Sapp, of Cam- 
 
438 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 den. Their only surviving child is a son, William 
 H. Jones. 
 
 aty Assessors. — Ward assessor.-i were continued 
 under the charter of 1871 until 1874, when an 
 amendment called for the election of three asses- 
 sors for the city at large, whose duties are to make 
 the assessments, while the duty of the ward asses- 
 sors is to sit as a court of appeal in cases of unjust 
 assessments. The city assessors are elected for 
 three years, and the first elected drew lots for the 
 one, two and three year terms. 
 
 1874. Edw. H. Bolgiana, 2 years. 1874. E. Allan Ward, 3 years. 
 M. E. Harden, 1 year. 
 
 1875. Ohas. S. Simmerman. 1882. Charles Janney. 
 1877-79. E. H. Balgiana. 1883-86. Allen C. Wood. 
 1877. Charles W. Johnson. 1884. John Corbett. 
 1878-81. EeubenB. Cole. 1886. William Thompson. 
 
 1880. John B. Grubb. 
 
 City Solicitors were appointed annually by the 
 Council from 1851 to 1864, when they were made 
 elective by the people for terms of two years. 
 Under the revised charter of 1871 the duty of 
 selection was made to rest with the City Council, — 
 
 1851-54. James B. Dayton. 1864^66. George M. Eobeson. 
 
 1855. Thomas P. Carpenter. 1868-70. Alden C. ScoTel. 
 
 1856-67. Thomas H. Dudley. 1872-76. Alfred Hugg. 
 
 1858. Peter L. Voorhees. 1878-81. James E. Hayes. 
 
 1859-63. George M. Kobeson. 1884. J. Willard Morgan. 
 
 City Surveyors were chosen by the City Council 
 until 1870, when they were elected by the people 
 for two years. The charter of 1871 restored the 
 power to Council. Edward H. Saunders was elected 
 city surveyor in 1851, and re-elected annually 
 until his death, in May, 1869, when Jacob H. 
 Yocum was appointed until the election in March 
 when he was elected for two years, and on the ex- 
 piration of his term, 1872, was elected by the 
 Council for three years, and re-elected in 1875. In 
 1878 John S. Shults was elected, re-elected in 
 
 1881, and again in 1884. 
 
 John S. Shults.— When Charles Shults, the 
 progenitor of the family in America, arrived in 
 New York, in 1750, he brought with him a wife 
 and three children. He died two weeks after his 
 arrival, which caused the separation of the family. 
 His children were Charles, Eichard and Anna. 
 Charles moved to Philadelphia, where he was em- 
 ployed in a bakery situated on Arch Street, above 
 Front. On one of his daily trips to the public 
 pump he met a young lady of his own name, and 
 upon inquiry he was astonished to know she was 
 his sister, lost when a child, and from her he 
 learned that his mother, who was then dead, had 
 accompanied Eichard to North Carolina where he 
 had married and at his death had a large family. 
 Charles was married to a Miss Kelly, by whom he 
 
 had two children, — Charles and Sarah. A few 
 years after the death of his first wife he was mar- 
 ried to Mrs. Eichmond, of Salem County, N. J., 
 and two children were born to them, — Nancy and 
 Eebecca. His son Charles became a prominent 
 citizen of Philadelphia; was a supervisor of 
 streets and highways and one of those who as- 
 sisted in laying out Washington Square. He was 
 married to Anna M. Bussier, of Huguenot ances- 
 try. Her father, Dr. Bussier, graduated in Paris 
 and fled from France on account of his religious 
 convictions. On the passage he met Miss Eey- 
 bold, a Swiss lady, to whom he was married on 
 his arrival in this country. He served in the 
 Eevolution in 1776 with distinction. The chil- 
 dren of Charles and Anna M. Shults were Charles, 
 Eichard, Philip M., Jane, Eebecca, Eliza, Susan- 
 na and Maria. The eldest of these children, 
 Charles, was married to Charlotte Spangenberg, 
 daughter of John and Charlotte Spangenberg, 
 who were natives of Philadelphia, but whose pa- 
 rents came from Germany. They had eleven chil- 
 dren, — Charles, Alfred, Leonard (who died an in- 
 fant), John, Anna M., Mary S., Charlotte K., 
 Theodore B. and Sarah C. About 1832 Charles 
 moved to Berks County, Pa., where, as a clergy- 
 man in the German Eeformed Church (English 
 branch), he preached for a number of years and 
 then removed to Eeading. He lived in that city 
 until 1857 and then removed to Atlantic County, 
 N. J., near Absecom, and from thence to Camden 
 in 1860. 
 
 John S. Shults was born in Eeading, October 
 27, 1836, and has made Camden his home since 
 1860. Upon coming to Camden he taught school 
 in the country until the winter of 1861, when he 
 was appointed a clerk in the quartermaster's de- 
 partment in Alexandria, Va. Sickness compelled 
 him to return home, but the next year he was at- 
 tached to the Sanitary Commission and moved 
 with the Army of the Potomac till the war closed, 
 when he returned to his Camden home. About this 
 time Mr. Shults entered the office of Ed. H. Saun- 
 ders, where he studied surveying. During the 
 winter he taught school. Mr. Saunders died in 
 1869 and he was succeeded by Jacob H. Yocum, 
 who held the ofiice for six years and for whom 
 Mr. Shults was assistant. At the expiration of his 
 term Mr. Shults was elected city surveyor and is 
 now serving his third term. 
 
 By his eificient and faithful discharge of duty 
 he has won and retained the confidence and re- 
 spect of his fellow-citizens. In politics Mr. 
 Shults is an ardent Eepublican. He is a member 
 of the Pine Street Presbyterian Church, of Camden. 
 
^^'^^ ^(&>^io<^^zr- 
 
THE CITY OP CAMDEN. 
 
 439 
 
 Building Inspectors are appointed by ordinance 
 of City Council for such term as the ordinance may 
 specify,— 
 
 1871. "William W. Mines. 
 
 1872. Thoma* B. Atlcinson. 
 1874. Ohristoplier J. Mines. 
 
 1880. James S. Woodward. 
 1883. Joiiu B. Smith. 
 1886. William H. Cole. 
 
 City Marshals acted as cliiefs of police under the 
 charter of 1851, and were elected annually by the 
 people, — 
 
 1851. John W. Potts. 
 18.V2. James H. Lowery. 
 1863. Peter S.Elliott. 
 1854-56, Henry Beisterling. 
 1857-68. John Y. Hoagland. 
 . 1859-60. Edmund Shaw. 
 
 1861-02. Timothy Middleton. 
 1803. Samuel Conrow. 
 1864-66. John W. Campbell. 
 1867-69. J. Kelly Brown. 
 1870. Claudius W. Bradshaw. 
 
 The Chief of Police is appointed by the mayor, 
 and holds office during the pleasure of that officer 
 under the charter of 1871, — 
 
 1871. Daniel W. Curlies. 
 1874. William H. Hemsing. 
 1877. Chai'les E. Daubman. 
 
 1880. Josiah Matlack. 
 1886. Harry H. Franks. 
 
 Surveyors of Highways. — This office was estab- 
 lished in 1871, and the incumbents have been 
 Leonard Eepsher, Jonathan Kirkbride, Alonzo B. 
 Johnson, Benjamin F. Sweeten, William H. Shear- 
 man, Richard C. Thompson. 
 
 Engineers of Water- Works. — Jacob H. Yocum. 
 Wm. F. Moody, William Calhoun, Robert Dunham. 
 In 1877 the office of engineer was abolished and 
 that of superintendent substituted. These have 
 been superintendents, — William D. Middleton, 
 Harry Stetson, William W. Mines. 
 
 The Water Department. — The Camden Wa- 
 ter Works Company was chartered April 2, 1845. 
 The names of the incorporators were Isaac Cole, 
 Benj. W. Cooper, Charles Kaighn, Henry Allen, 
 Wm. Folwell, Nathan Davis, Benj. T. Davis, John 
 W. Mickle, who were authorized and empowered 
 "to introduce into and supply the city of Camden 
 with pure water under such terms and conditions 
 as the City Council shall ordain and establish." 
 The original capital stock of the company was 
 fifty thousand dollars, divided into shares of one 
 hundred dollars each, of which Isaac Cole, Henry 
 Allen, Wm. Folwell and Nathan Davis each took 
 one hundred shares, Wm. N. Jeffries eighty, Chas. 
 Kaighn ten, and James Elwell and Jasper Harding 
 each five shares. 
 
 On June 2d the company was organized by elect- 
 ing Isaac Cole, Henry Allen, Wm. Folwell, Nathan 
 Davis and Wm. N. Jeffries directors, who selected 
 Isaac Cole to serve as president, Henry Allen 
 treasurer and Wm. Folwell secretary. A lot of 
 ground, thirty by ninety feet, at the foot of Cooper 
 Street, on the site of the Esterbrook Steel Pen 
 
 Works, was purchased of Wm. D. Cooper for four 
 hundred dollars, and Isaac Cole, Nathan Davis, 
 Henry Allen and Wm. Folwell were appointed to 
 procure a draft and plan of the intended building, 
 which, when completed, was thirty by forty-eight 
 feet in dimensions. 
 
 With the increase in the growth of the city, and 
 the erection of a large number of factories within 
 its limils, the amount of water furnished by the 
 company was found insufficient. To provide for 
 a better arrangement, a supplement to the original 
 charter was passed on the 9th of February, 1854. 
 Hence the company secured an eligible location 
 at Pavonia, near the city, as under the original 
 charter it could not hold real estate in Camden. 
 The capital stock under the supplement to the 
 charter was authorized to be increased to a sum 
 not exceeding one hundred thousand dollars. 
 
 At a meeting held on the 24th of April, 1854, 
 three hundred andsixty-five shares were subscribed 
 as follows : Henry Allen, two hundred and sixty- 
 one shares ; Richard Fetters, twenty shares ; 
 Nathan Davis, eleven shares : Jesse Smith, Benj. 
 Hammell, Joel Bodine and Joseph Fifield, each 
 ten shares; Charles S. Garrett, nine shares; James 
 Elwell and Wm. P. Tatem each six shares ; James 
 McCloskey and Isaiah Bryan, each five shares ; 
 and Ralph Lee, two shares. 
 
 In 1854 the water works were completed and put 
 into operation at Pavonia, on the Delaware River 
 front. They are now owned and controlled by the 
 city authorities. The engine-house is two stories 
 high with mansard roof, built substantially of 
 brown stone and thirty by forty feet in dimensions. 
 The engine-house is fitted up with two pumps, 
 one being a Blake pump of five million five hun- 
 dred thousand gallons capacity daily ; the other, a 
 Cornish bull pump, capable of pumping two mil- 
 lion five hundred thousand gallons of water daily. 
 The boiler-house is supplied with four return tu- 
 bular boilers eighteen feet long and fifty-six inches 
 in diameter, making two complete sets, each set be- 
 ing capable of running either engine, and when 
 all are fired up and both engines running, has a 
 capacity of nine million .gallons of water daily. 
 The water works wharf is eighty feet wide and ex- 
 tends seven hundred and fifty feet into the river 
 from the meadow banks. The supply-pipe is 
 thirty inches in diameter, leading to the forebay 
 under the pumps and in the basement of the en- 
 gine-house. Before entering the forebay the wa- 
 ter passes through three screens and filters, and 
 from the bay is pumped by the engines and forced 
 into the stand-pipe upon the engine-house, which 
 is made of boiler iron, is five feet in diameter and 
 
440 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 one hundred and twenty feet high. When forced 
 above the level of the reservoir the water flows by 
 a discharge pipe, thirty inches in diameter, into 
 the basin. 
 
 The reservoir is built upon the highest ground 
 in Pavonia, which is forty-seven feet higher than 
 the level of the city of Camden, and is three hun- 
 dred and forty-four feet long by one hundred and 
 eighty feet wide and twenty-one feet deep, with 
 sloping sides at an angle of one to one and a half 
 degrees, and when filled, contains eight million 
 gallons of water. In 1885 the greatest amount of 
 water pumped in one day was four millions eight 
 hundred and seven thousand one hundred and 
 forty gallons ; in 1886, five millions one hundred 
 and fifty-seven thousand and forty-eight gallons. 
 Before these works were purchased by the city the 
 pumping and distributing mains were twelve inches 
 in diameter, but now have a diameter of thirty 
 inches. Forty-six and one-half miles of water- 
 pipe are now in position within the city limits, 
 and three hundred and twenty-two fire-plugs for 
 the use of the Fire Department are located at the 
 most desirable points in the city. The collections 
 of the Water Department for rents and permits 
 for the year 1885 amounted to seventy-eight thou- 
 sand six hundred and fifty-nine dollars. 
 
 FIBE COMPANIES AND FIEEMEN. 
 
 Until 1810 wells, pumps and buckets were the 
 only appliances Camden had for the extinguish- 
 ment of fires. On March 15th of that year the 
 Perseverance Fire Company was organi zed. Thirty 
 years later the Fairmount, afterwards named the 
 Niagara, and, later still, the Weccacoe, was formed. 
 In case of fire, the water used to extinguish it was 
 obtained from wells by means of buckets filled with 
 it and passed from hand to hand. When the en- 
 gine was reached and its well received the water, 
 the bucket was returned for a fresh supply. Mean- 
 while a number of strong men grasped the lever- 
 arms and worked them up and down, thus forcing 
 the water upon the flames. To fight afire was the 
 work of the entire community a half-century ago. 
 An alarm was followed by a general turn-out of 
 the people— old and young, of both sexes—each 
 secured a bucket", and, when the scene of action 
 was reached, long lines of people were formed 
 between the engine and the nearest well. The 
 empty buckets were moved toward the wells along 
 one line and the full ones towards the engine on 
 another. 
 
 A fully-equipped fire company possessed an en- 
 gine and a cart to carry buckets, and householders 
 were expected to keep a supply of buckets on 
 
 hand. Wells and pumps were equally essential, 
 hence the City Council encouraged the digging 
 of wells and the placing of pumps in public places 
 by paying part of the cost. In 1834 Joseph 
 Kaighn was paid sixteen dollars as part cost of 
 placing a pump in a well he had dug on Kaighn 
 Avenue, and George Genge's bill for a pump on 
 Market Street was also paid, while Abraham 
 Browning was allowed part cost of enlarging a well 
 near Front Street and Market. Richard Fetters, 
 Richard W. Howell and Auley McAlla pre- 
 sented a bill of fifty dollars at a Council meeting, 
 held August 27, 1830, for a fire-engine purchased 
 of the Fairmount Company, of Philadelphia. It 
 was but five feet high, and eight men could barely 
 get hold of the levers. In 1835 this engine was 
 repaired, and its name changed from Fairmount to 
 Niagara. In 1848 it was bought by the Weccacoe, 
 and in 1851 came into possession of the reorgan- 
 ized Fairmount Company. It was eventually, 
 after long usage, stored away until 1864, when 
 Robert S. Bender purchased it for twenty dollars, 
 and sold it in Woodbury for fifty dollars. It was 
 accidentally burned soon afterward. 
 
 In 1834 the city was divided into three fire dis- 
 tricts. Cooper Street and Line Street being the di- 
 viding lines. There was virtually no Fire De- 
 partment, however, for several years later. In 
 1848, after the erection of water-works, a better 
 fire system was put into effect. ' The Council ap- 
 pointed a committee on fire apparatus, who exer- 
 cised supervision over the companies, which, by 
 the year 1851, had increased in number to six. 
 In 1864 the Independence procured the first steam 
 fire-engine ; the Weccacoe, the Shifiler and the 
 Weccacoe Hose Company also soon after purchased 
 steam-engines. More prompt, daring and efficient 
 firemen than those of Camden were hard to find, 
 but each company was independent of the others, 
 and misdirection often caused loss of property, to 
 remedy which the City Council, 1866, reorganized 
 the system, and, by an ordinance, provided for the 
 selection, subject to its approval, of a chief mar- 
 shal, by the companies. James W. Ayers, of the 
 Weccacoe Engine Company, was elected and served 
 two years, when, in 1868, he was succeeded by 
 Wesley P. Murray, of the Weccacoe Hose. Both 
 were popular men and good organizers, but the vol- 
 unteer system, with its rivalry and frequent insub- 
 ordination, was supplanted in 1869 by the Paid Fire 
 Department under an ordinance passed September 
 2, 1869, which provided for the appointment, annu- 
 ally, of five fire commissioners, one fire marshal, and 
 two assistant fire marshals. The commissioners 
 were empowered to appoint the firemen, and the 
 
THE CITY OP CAMDEN. 
 
 441 
 
 city was divided into two districts. For the First 
 District the city purchasedthe three-story building 
 of the Independence Fire Company, at Fourth 
 Street and Pine, and for the Second District erected 
 a two-story brick building at Fifth Street and 
 Arch. Each station was supplied with afire-engine 
 and all necessary apparatus, at an entire cost of 
 thirty thousand dollars. William Abies was ap- 
 pointed fire marshal ; William W. Mines assistant for 
 the First, and William H. Shearman assistant for the 
 Second District. The organization has since been 
 modified. The department is now under the con- 
 trol of five members of the City Council, called 
 " The Committee on Fire Apparatus," who are 
 appointed annually by the president of the Coun- 
 cil, with a cJiief and an assistant engineer each 
 appointed for thrfee years by the Council. In 1874 
 the department purchased the Independence fire- 
 engine, and now (1886), owns three steam fire- 
 engines, two hose-carriages, one hook-and-ladder 
 truck, one supply-wagon, nine horses, three thou- 
 sand two hundred feet of serviceable hose, twenty- 
 one fire-alarm boxes, with twelve miles of wire, a 
 connecting electric battery, with eighty -one gallon 
 jars to create power necessary for long distance 
 alarms, striking the gongs, lighting gas-jets, un- 
 hitching the horses in the stalls and stopping the 
 clock. 
 
 The department consists of one chief engineer, 
 at a salary of one thousand dollars per annum, one 
 assistant engineer, seven hundred and twenty dol- 
 lars per annum, eighteen regular men and twelve 
 call-men. The regular men devote their whole 
 time to the service. The engineers receive sixty 
 dollars per month, and the hosemen, tillermen and 
 laddermen each fifty dollars per month. The call- 
 men pursue their regular vocation, but are required 
 to be present at every fire, to assist, for which they 
 are paid seventy-five dollars per year. A full 
 record is kept of all fires, with time, duration, lo- 
 cation, owner of property, occupant, business, 
 value of real and personal property, insurance, and 
 with whom, cause of fire, etc. The department is 
 in a high state of efficiency, and the expenditure 
 sixteen thousand dollars per annum. 
 
 The Camden Hook-and-Laddek Company, 
 No. 1, with headquarters at N. W. corner of Fifth 
 Street and Arch, was organized in 1869, and is 
 connected with Camden Engine Company, No. 2. 
 The building is a two-story brick, twenty-four by 
 fifty-five feet, adjoining the building of the engine 
 company. The company is equipped with one 
 ladder-truck (forty-five feet long, mounting nine 
 ladders, one being an extension ladder, of the 
 " Leverich Patent," sixty -three feet in length), one 
 
 battering ram, two fire extinguishers, four buckets 
 two axes, four pitchforks, one crowbar, four lamps, 
 etc. In the stables are two large and well-trained 
 horses. The roster of the company is as follows : 
 Tillerman, Amedy Middleton ; Driver, Benjamin 
 L. Kellum ; Laddermen, Thomas Walton and John 
 W. Toy; Cell -men, William Doughten, Peter S. 
 Gray, John Gray and Charles A. Todd. 
 
 The Camden Steam Fire- Engine Company, 
 No. 1, was organized in 1869. Their building, on 
 Pine Street, near Fourth, is a three-story brick, 
 twenty by ninety-four feet in dimensions, and was 
 formerly used by the Independence, but is now 
 owned by the city. The equipments consist of one 
 second-class steam fire-engine, made by the Amos- 
 keag Manufacturing Company, of Manchester, New 
 Hampshire ; one hose-cart, made by the Silsby 
 Company, of Seneca Falls, N. Y. ; thre« horses, 
 sixteen hundred feet of good hose, axes, lamps, etc. 
 The third story of the building is used as a lodge- 
 room, and the second story used by the company, 
 with sitting-room, bunk-room, etc. The roster of 
 the company for 1886 is as follows : Foreman, John 
 A. Stockton; Engineer, G. Eudolph Tenner; 
 Driver, William Deno ; Stoker, William W. Laird ; 
 Hosemen, Wilson Bromley and Jacob F. Nessen ; 
 Call-men, William Deith, Andrew Miller, William 
 Bogia and W. Elwood Campbell. 
 
 •Camden Steam Fire- Engine Company, No. 2, 
 is located at the corner of Fifth Street and Arch, the 
 head-quarters of the Paid Fire Department. The 
 building is a two-story brick, twenty -four by seventy 
 feet. The ground floor has two connections with the 
 hook-and-ladder building. The outfit consists of 
 one steam fire-engine, second-class, made by the 
 Gould Machine Company, of Newark, N. J., one 
 No. 2 Amoskeag steam fire-engine, one carriage 
 and a supply-wagon. In the second story is. a 
 large reception -room, a sleeping-room with thirteen 
 beds, and a battery-room. The Gould steam fire- 
 engine is only used on extra occasions, or when 
 the urgency of the case demands. The following 
 is a complete roster of officers and men at head- 
 quarters : 
 
 Chief Engineer, Samuels. Elfreth ; Assistant En- 
 gineer, Samuel S. Buzine ; Extra Engineer, Jacob 
 W. Kellum; Foreman, Harry C. Grosscup; En- 
 gineer, William Morris ; Driver of Engine, 0. B. 
 Harvey ; Stoker, Frank Turner ; Hosemen, Chas. 
 Robinson, Isaac Shreeves ; Call-men, James Carey, 
 Logan Bates, William Lyons, Howard Currie. 
 
 The chiefs of the Paid Fire Department have been 
 William Abies, Eobert S. Bender (second term), 
 Robt. S. Bender, Claudius W. Bradshaw, Henry F. 
 Surault, Samuel S. Elfreth, Daniel A. Carter, Samuel 
 
442 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 S. Elfreth (2d term). The committee on fire ap- 
 paratus for 1886 are — Chairman, Saml. R.Murray; 
 Wm. B. E. Miller, Geo. S. West, David B. Camp- 
 bell, James Godfrey; Clerk, D. Cooper Carman. 
 
 VOLUNTEEE Companies. — The Perseverance was 
 organized March 15, 1810, and was composed of 
 leading citizens. A hand-engine, made by " Pat." 
 Lyons, of Philadelphia, was bought and placed in 
 a building on Front Street, above Market, sub- 
 sequently removing to a frame, one-story house on 
 Second Street, adjoining the State Bank, where it 
 remained until the company erected the two-story 
 brick building on the east side of Third Street, 
 below Market. The oldest living member of the 
 company is Samuel Elfreth, father of the present 
 efficient chief of the Fire Department. On March 
 15, 1832, the company was incorporated; the 
 names appearing in the charter are Nathan Davis, 
 Gideon V. Stivers, Jeremiah H. Sloan, John 
 Lawrence, Samuel D. Wessels, Isaac Cole, Ledden 
 Davis, John Browning, Joab Scull, Richard W. 
 Howell, Auley McAlla, Dr. Thomas Lee, William 
 H. Ogden, Richard Fetters, Abraham Browning 
 and other prominent citizens. 
 
 The charter of 1832 having expired, a new one 
 was obtained in 1852, with the following-named 
 persons as incorporators: James C. Morgan, Wil- 
 liam E. Gilmore, Samuel Hanna, William Hanna, 
 Lewis P. Thompson, Joseph D. Folwell, Pancoast 
 Roberts, Alfred Hugg, Richard H. Lee, William 
 Matlack, Alfred Wood, Frederick Benedict, Wil- 
 liam Hugg, Amos Stiles, Jr., Samuel Cooper, 
 Nathan Davis, Jr., Samuel Ashurst, Andrew Zim- 
 merman, David Sheppard, John W. Carter, Henry 
 Kesler, John Warner, John Ross, Charles A. Gar- 
 ret, Thomas Sulger. The company prospered until 
 the breaking out of the war, in 1861, when most of 
 the able-bodied members enlisted in the company 
 commanded by Captain Richard H. Lee. 
 
 The Falrmount Fire Company was organized 
 October 7, 1830, and purchased an engine of the 
 Fairmount Fire Company, of Philadelphia. The 
 name " Fairmount" was painted on the sides of the 
 engine, and it was then the Camden company de- 
 cided to assume the same appellation, which was 
 continued until 1835, when the word " Fairmount " 
 on the engine became dim and needed repainting, 
 which would cost as much as to have something 
 else painted, and they changed the name to Niag- 
 ara. By this name the company was known until 
 it was reorganized as the Weccacoe, in 1848. In 
 1845 the headquarters was moved to the City Hall 
 lot, on Federal Street. John Laning, Josiah At- 
 kinson and Samuel Jenkins were among the orig- 
 inal members of the Fairmount. William Hanna 
 
 joined in 1835, James M. Cassady in 1838 and 
 James W. Ayers (afterwards fire marshal) in 1843. 
 The Weccacoe Fire Company No. 2, was the 
 result of the reorganization of the Niagara in 
 1848. At a meeting of the City Council, Septem- 
 ber 1, 1848, Richard Fetters presented the names of 
 Edward Steer and thirty-two other persons who 
 had organized as a fire company, with a constitu- 
 tion and by-laws. The Council then recognized 
 them and gave them the old Niagara fire-engine, 
 which was used for a few months, when the com- 
 pany was supplied with a better one in 1850, when 
 a second-hand one was bought of the Southwark 
 commissioners for seven hundred and fifty dollars 
 and was rebuilt, in 1853, by John Agnew at a cost 
 of eight hundred and fifty dollars. A steam-en- 
 gine was procured in 1864. At the headquarters 
 of the Weccacoe, between a pair of high poles, 
 was hung a bell weighing thirteen hundred pounds 
 which served to alarm the town in case of fire. 
 The house used as the headquarters was enlarged, 
 but, after several incendiary attempts, the building 
 was burned February 17, 1854. In 1856 the com- 
 pany moved into their two-story brick house, on 
 the site of the old Columbia Garden, on Arch 
 Street, above Fifth. In 1852 the company wa.s 
 incorporated as the Weccacoe Fire Company, No. 
 2, by John Laning, James M. Cassady, James W. 
 Ayers, Isaac Shreeve, Weslev P. Murray, Joseph 
 F. Murray, Joshua S. Porter, Daniel B. McCully, 
 Richard G. Camp, James Doughten, Stone H. 
 Stow, Charles H. Thorne, Matthew Miller, Jr. 
 James W. Ayers Was made president of the Niagara 
 in 1845, continued as such under the reorganiza- 
 tion, and, except in 1854, when he was absent from 
 the city, held the office until the company was dis- 
 banded. Richard G. Camp was the secretary and 
 Charles Thompson treasurer until 1854, and Joseph 
 L. Bright was his successor until the end. Effi- 
 ciency and good order were the characteristics of 
 the Weccacoe from the beginning to the ending of 
 their career as firemen. 
 
 The Mohawk Fire Company was formed in the 
 spring of 1849. It had a short and turbulent 
 life, and in the confusion the record of its birth 
 was lost. The meeting-place of the company was 
 in the three-story building northeast corner of 
 Third Street and Cherry. Lambert F. Beatty was 
 president and William S. Frazer secretary. The 
 company was strong in numbers and contained 
 many excellent men, giving promise of a career of 
 usefulness, but a lawless element gained admission, 
 after a time, and brawls, riots and, it was feared, 
 incendiarism, resulted. On April 23, 1851, it was 
 determined to disband. 
 
THE CITY OP CAMDEN. 
 
 443 
 
 The Independence Fire Company No. 3, or- 
 ganized with Lambert F. Beatty, president; 
 William S. Frazer, secretary ; and Joseph Wagner, 
 treasurer. Among the early members were Jacob 
 Prettyman, David Page, Thomas Stites, Andrew 
 Stilwell, Francis E. Harpel, Eestore Cook, John 
 Wallace, Claudius W. Bradshaw, AVilliam H. 
 Hawkins, Christopher J. Mines, Henry Bradshaw, 
 William E. Walls, William Howard, Albert Den- 
 nis, Elwood Bounds, Samuel H. Stilwell, Albert 
 V. Mills, Robert S. Bender, Lewis Yeager, Thomas 
 McCowan and William W. Mines. The company 
 met in a building at Third Street and Cherry for 
 a year, when it was burned. Lewis Yeager gave 
 the company free use of a lot on Third Street, 
 above Cherry, where an engine-house of slabs, 
 donated by Charles Stockham, was built. In 185] 
 a lot on Cherry Street, above Third, was purchased 
 and on it a frame house was built. This was 
 used until 1859, when, owing to a defect in the ti- 
 tle, the sheriff advertised the property for sale. 
 When he reached the ground on the day of the 
 sale he found the house, with its contents, and a 
 number of the members of the company, on an ad- 
 joining lot belonging to James B. Dayton, who 
 permitted the action. The following year, 1860, 
 they bought and built, on the north side of Pine 
 Street, above Fourth, a three-story brick, then the 
 most complete fire-engine house in Camden, and 
 which was sold for four thousand five hundred dol- 
 lars to the city. The Independence was a hose 
 company until June 4, 1864, when they secured an 
 Amoskeag engine, being the first fire-engine in 
 use by the fire companies of Camden. Early in 
 1869 they purchased a larger engine and when 
 the volunteer firemen were scattered, in the latter 
 part of that year, they sold the Amoskeag to Mill- 
 ville, and the later purchase was kept until 1874, 
 when it was sold to the city. Lambert F. Beatty 
 and Timothy C. Moore were presidents of the 
 Mohawk, and L. F. Beatty, John Wallace, Wil- 
 liam H. Hawkins, J. Kelly Brown, W. W. Mines 
 and Edward Gilbert were presidents of the Inde- 
 pendence, while its secretaries have been Wil- 
 liam L. Frazer, William W. Mines, Mortimer C. 
 Wilson and Thomas McCowan ; and the treasur- 
 ers Joseph Wagner and Eobert S. Bender, who, 
 elected in 1854, served until October 13, 1874, 
 when, with a roll of sixty members, they met. 
 President Gilbert in the chair, paid all claims 
 against them and formally disbanded. 
 
 The Shiffler Hose Company No. 1, was or- 
 ganized March 7, 1849, and recoganized by the 
 City Council August 30th of the same year. The 
 original members of the company were George W. 
 
 Thompson, president ; George F. Eoss, secretary ; 
 Joseph Brown, W. W. Burt, Charles Cheeseman, 
 Robert Maguire, Samuel Brown, John G. Hutch- 
 inson, Armstrong Sapp, Richard Cheeseman, Al- 
 bert Eobinson, George F. Eoss, William Wallace. 
 A fine hose-carriage was obtained from the Shiffler 
 Hose Company, of Philadelphia, for the nominal 
 sum of ten dollars. It was placed in a carpenter 
 shop on Sycamore Street, below Third, and that 
 remained the headquarters of the company until 
 the two-story brick house on Fourth Street, below 
 Walnut, was built. In March, 1852, the company 
 was incorporated by William W. Burt, Armstrong 
 Sapp, George W. Thompson, Eobert Maguire, 
 James Sherman, William Wallace, John G. Hutch- 
 inson, Samuel Brown and William Harris. John 
 G. Hutchinson became president, and in 1857 was 
 succeeded by Jacob C. Daubman, whe held the 
 position during the continuance of the company. 
 On March 29, 1864, a new charter' was obtained 
 under the name of the Shiffler Hose and Steam 
 Fire-Engine Company. A steam-engine was pur- 
 chased, and the company maintained a high state 
 of efficiency until disbanded, in 1869. 
 
 Hie New Jersey Fire Company was organ- 
 ized May 1, 1861, by James Carr, Samuel Ames, 
 Thomas Butcher, Aaron Giles, John Wood, David 
 H. Sparks, William Garwood, E. B. Turner, Wil- 
 liam Woodruff, Henry Coombs, Adam Newman 
 and Caleb Clark. Henry Coombs was elected 
 president and David H. Sparks secretary. On 
 July 21, 1851, the company secured the engine 
 which previously belonged to the Mohawk, and 
 placed it in a stable near Broadway and Spruce 
 Street, where it remained a considerable time, un- 
 til better accommodations were secured on Wal- 
 nut Street, above Fourth. A lot was subsequent- 
 ly bought on the south side of Chestnut Street, 
 above Fourth, where a two-story, brick engine- 
 house was built. The company was incorporated 
 in 1854 and ceased to exist as an organization 
 twelve years later. The presidents of this com- 
 pany in order of succession were Henry Coombs, 
 James Carr, John Crowley, Joshua L. Melvin, 
 Samuel Hickman, John Warrington, Jeremiah 
 Brannon, Eichard C. Mason, C. De Grasse Hogan. 
 
 Fairmount — United States.- — On July 4, 1852, 
 the Fairmount Fire Company was organized by 
 William C. Figner (president), William J. Miller 
 (secretary), Frederick Breyer (treasurer), William 
 H. Hawkins, John W. Hoey, Henry A. Breyer and 
 Alfred H. Breyer. They rented a one-story frame 
 building on Pine Street, below Third, which the 
 Shiffler had vacated, and the City Council gave 
 them the old Fairmount engine. George W. Wat- 
 
444 
 
 HISTOEY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 son, Anthony E. Joline, Thomas Francis, John L. 
 Ames, George W. Howard, William F. Colhert, 
 Francis Fullerton, John S. Boss, Joshua Spencer, 
 Lawrence Breyer, William H. Lane and James 
 Scout were enrolled as additional members. On 
 February 17, 1853, a charter of incorporation was 
 obtained, and on February 10, 1854, the name of 
 the company was changed to " United States Fire 
 Company, No. 5." James Scout was chosen presi- 
 dent, and George Deal, secretary. They secured 
 a first-class engine, bought ground and built a com- 
 modious two-story frame house at No. 239 Pine 
 Street, which continued to be the headquarters of 
 the company until it disbanded, with the other 
 volunteer fire companies, in 1869. 
 
 The Weccacoe Hose Company No- 2, was or- 
 ganized on March 15, 1858, by Allan Ward, Ed- 
 ward T. James, Edward J. Steer, John W. Gar- 
 wood, George W. Thomas, Simeon H. Pine, 
 Thomas C. BaVrett, Thomas Ellis, John Thornton, 
 and the following officers were elected : Thomas 
 D. Laverty (president), Allan Ward (vice-presi- 
 dent), Edward T. James (secretary) and E. J. Steer 
 (treasurer). The headquarters of the company 
 were with the Weccacoe Fire Company for nearly 
 two years, and they removed to a stable belonging 
 to Isaac Shreeve, near Hudson and Bridge Ave- 
 nues, and later to De La Cour's laboratory, on 
 Front, near Arch. In 1863 they bought ground on 
 Benson, above Fifth, at a cost of four hundred and 
 fifty dollars, and erected a two-story building of 
 brick, costing two thousand two hundred dollars. 
 On February 2, 1860, the company was incorporated. 
 In 1868 the company purchased a steam fire-engine 
 at a cost of five thousand eight hundred dollars, 
 which they expected to pay, by subscription, but 
 the agitation of the question of a paid department 
 prevented the collection of the money, and when 
 they went out of service, in 1869, they were five 
 thousand dollars in debt. Instead of disbanding, 
 they resolved to maintain the organization until 
 every obligation was liquidated and the honor of 
 the company sustained. To do this they utilized 
 their assets, met regularly and contributed as if in 
 active service, and after fourteen years of honest 
 effort, September 8, 1883, they met, and after pay- 
 ing the last claims against them, amounting to 
 $14.25, adjourned. 
 
 CHAPTEE III. 
 
 EARLY BUSINESS INTERESTS OF CAMDEN. 
 
 Camden in 1815 — Camden in 1824 — Assessment of 1834 — Manu- 
 facturing Industries and Interesting Facts— Pleasure Gardens— 
 "Sausage Weaving." 
 
 Camden in 1815. — The Cooper mansions were 
 not in the town plan made by Jacob Cooper. In 
 the list of names of those who became pur- 
 chasers of lots will be found that of Vincent 
 Mari Pilosi. He was an Italian and a merchant 
 in Philadelphia. The lots he purchased were 
 Nos. 24, 30 and 32. The last two were purchased 
 after the death of Jacob Cooper. No. 24 fronted 
 on Cooper Street and No. 30 was directly south, 
 adjoining, and fronted on Market Street. No. 32 
 was the lot on the corner of Market and Second, 
 where the present National State Bank now stands. 
 In the year 1780 Mr. Pilosi built a large mansion- 
 house, sixty-six by twenty-two feet, three stories 
 high, of English brick, alternately red and white, 
 upon the lots on Cooper Street, a part of which is 
 now No. 122. The lots, with others, were made into 
 a large garden. Mr. Pilosi died of yellow fever in 
 1793, and was buried in his garden. His widow 
 afterwards married a Mr. Tiffin and in 1815 died 
 and was buried by the side of her first husband. 
 
 In later years the remains of Mr. Pilosi and his 
 wife were taken up and removed to the Camden 
 Cemetery. The garden was used as a lumber-yard 
 for many years afterward and eventually laid out 
 into lots. A portion of the old mansion was used for 
 five years as the "soup-house" of the Dorcas So- 
 ciety and is now used as a carpenter shop. Years 
 ago thirty-six feet of the front wall on the west 
 end were taken down and the double brick build- 
 ing was erected on its site. Probably the oldest per- 
 son living born in Camden and now a resident is 
 Benjamin Farrow. He was born October 12, 1804, 
 in the two-story brick house built by his father, 
 Peter Farrow, in 1802, which stood on the site of 
 the State Bank, and purchased by that institution 
 in 1812. His father was a shoemaker and carried 
 on an extensive business by "whipping the cat," 
 which means that he visited the farmers, engaged 
 work and sent his journeymen with their " kits '' to 
 the several places, who made the shoes tor the 
 families, the farmers finding the leather. About 
 1810 Peter Farrow bought the time of a young 
 Dutch redemptioner, who, after a few weeks' ser- 
 vice, offered for his time to make for his son, Ben- 
 jamin a pair of boots seamed in the side, they hav- 
 ing been made prior with the seam at the back. . 
 This offer Farrow accepted, and the young Ben- 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 445 
 
 jamin trod the streets of Camden, proud of his 
 new boots, and became a walking advertisement 
 and gained for his father much trade. 
 
 Benjamin Farrow, in 1820, was apprenticed to 
 Gideon Stivers for five years, and continued with 
 him until 1839, and helped to build Coopers Creek 
 bridge, St. Paul's Episcopal Church and other 
 buildings. From 1840 to 1856 he was in the 
 employ of the Camden and Amboy Kailroad 
 Company and was stationed on Wind-Mill Island 
 to light lamps, ring the fog bell and kept the 
 register of boats passing through the canal. He 
 handled the rope the night the " New Jersey " 
 was burned (see page 368), and helped swing her 
 round to start for the bar. After service with the 
 company, he was sixteen years with Gilbert Balson 
 in the produce business, making a term of fifty- 
 one years in the employ of but three persons or 
 firms. He now resides at 256 Sycamore Street. 
 His memory of the early days is excellent. 
 
 In 1815, he states, on Cooper Street there was a 
 group of houses at the ferry, the Pilosi house de- 
 scribed above and then occupied by Mr. and Mrs. 
 Tiffin ; a frame house on the corner of Third and 
 Cooper, occupied by Isaac Wilkins, and who later 
 kept a lumber-yard extending from the bank to 
 where the West Jersey Press building now stands; 
 and the brick rough-cast house of Edward Sharp, 
 long known as the Dr. Harris house, on the corner 
 of Second and Cooper. 
 
 Joshua Cooper's brick house was built in 1810, 
 and was later owned by Dr. Isaac S. Mulford, and 
 now by the Safe Deposit Company. Joshua 
 Cooper was an ardent' Federalist, and about 1803 
 named the road that extended down to his ferry 
 Federal Street, hence the origin of the name. 
 Nearly opposite Joshua Cooper's farm-house, and 
 where S. S. E. Cowperthwait's store now stands, was 
 a frame house. On the corner of Second and Fed- 
 eral was a frame house, occupied by Henry Chew, 
 a sea-captain. On Fourth and Federal stood the 
 Methodist Church, erected in 1809, and on Fed- 
 eral, near Fifth Street, was a frame house, occu- 
 pied by Frank Peters. 
 
 Plum Street was laid out in 1803, and the name 
 changed to Arch by action of the Common Council 
 June 26, 1873. On the north side of Plum, above 
 Third Street, in 1815 were two one-story and two 
 two-story frame buildings. On the northwest cor- 
 ner of Fourth and Plum was a frame building 
 owned by Sylvanus Shepherd, and on the northeast 
 corner a two-story brick building owned by Isaac 
 Smith. Next above was a frame building owned 
 by Captain Manley Smallwood ; above were two 
 or three frame buildings owned by Amos Middle- 
 53 
 
 ton, father of ex-Mayor Timothy Middleton. Ed- 
 ward Daugherty made sausages in a two-story 
 frame building above Sylvanus Shepherd's. 
 Thomas Smith lived on the southeast corner of 
 Fourth and Plum. His widow, a few years later, 
 erected the building on the northeast corner of 
 Fourth and Federal. On the south side of Plum 
 Street, below Fourth, were three frame buildings 
 owned by John Warren. Below was a two-story 
 frame house built in 1810 by Mrs. Peter Farrow, 
 below which, in the same block, were two frame 
 houses and two brick houses owned by Daniel 
 Swim. 
 
 On Market Street were the ferry -houses. On the 
 south side, below Second Street, was a frame build- 
 ing put up in 1810 by Thomas Wright, and now 
 used as a saloon, and a brick bank building corner 
 of Second and Market, the brick dwelling-house of 
 George Genge, still standing on the southeast cor- 
 ner of Second and Market. On Market, above 
 Third, the brick building now standing, long the 
 residence of Dr. 0. G. Taylor. There were no other 
 houses on Market Street, except the academy, on 
 the corner of Sixth and Market Streets. 
 
 The Friends' Meeting-house, built in 1801, stood 
 at the intersection of Mount Ephraim road and 
 Mount Vernon Streets, and near it was the resi- 
 dence of Eichard Jordan, a prominent minister 
 among the Friends, a sketch of whom will be 
 found on page 331. 
 
 At Coopers Point was the ferry-house, built in 
 1770, the dwelling-house above (now occupied by 
 Mrs. Sarah (Cooper) Gaskill), built in 1789, and a 
 few other smaller dwellings; the old Benjamin 
 Cooper house, built in 1734, the I. C. E. house, 
 built in 1788, and the Cope house, built in 1766, 
 all still standing. 
 
 At Kaighns Point was the old mansion-house of 
 John Kaighn, built in 1696, with its yew and 
 box-trees in front, and the house built by Joseph 
 Kaighn, about 1750, then used as a ferry-house 
 and standing on the bank of the river, but now 
 several blocks away, and a few other dwellings and 
 out-houses. 
 
 Between the Federal Street Ferry and the 
 Kaighns Point Ferry was the farm-house of 
 Isaac Kaighn, occupied by Thomas, the father of 
 Joseph Githens, now the oldest living ferryman 
 on the river. Below Kaighns Kun were the his- 
 toric old Mickle residences. 
 
 In 1815 Randall Sparks was keeping a ferry. 
 Soon after this time the question of extending 
 slavery into the Western States and Territories 
 was being agitated throughout the North, and a 
 public meeting of the citizens of Gloucester was 
 
446 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEESEY. 
 
 called to meet at the house of Eandall Sparks, in 
 Camden, on the 10th of December, 1819, "for the 
 purpose of taking into consideration the subject of 
 slavery and to express their sentiments and opin- 
 ions on the propriety of limiting its extension and 
 prohibiting its introduction into new States here- 
 after to be admitted into the Union." 
 
 At this meeting Edward Sharp was appointed 
 chairman and J. J. Foster secretary. A committee 
 was appointed — consisting of the Rev. Samuel Wil- 
 mer, Swedesboro'; John Tatem, Jr., Deptford ; 
 John Firth, Gloucester ; Edward Sharp, Camden ; 
 John Clement and J. J. Foster, Haddonfield ; and 
 Daniel Lake, of Egg Harbor — to draft resolutions, 
 expressive of their sentiments and to prepare a 
 memorial for signatures deprecating the admission 
 of new States and Territories upon the terms pro- 
 posed. 
 
 The ferries constituted the leading business of 
 Camden in 1800. In addition, there were several 
 tanneries, one of which was conducted by a Mr. 
 Haines. It was near Coopers Point, north of Vine 
 and west of Point Street. He was succeeded by 
 Charles Stokes, who sold to Captain William 
 Newton, who continued until his death, when the 
 business was abandoned. 
 
 A tannery also wasin operation between Market 
 and Arch Streets, below Front. It was abandoned 
 about 1822. 
 
 Benjamin Allen, before 1810, established a tan- 
 nery west of Second Street and north of Kaighn 
 Avenue. It was continued until 1838, and at one 
 time had forty vats. 
 
 William Williams, an enterprising resident of 
 Camden, as early as 1816, constructed a large bath- 
 house, which in the warm season he moored 
 on the west side of the bar above Wind-Mill Is- 
 land, and running row-boats to Market Street, 
 Philadelphia, for passengers, secured a good pat- 
 ronage and made money. When his house was 
 worn out, however, he quit the business. In 1835 
 similar boat-houses on the river excited the ire of 
 City Council, and a committee was appointed to 
 induce the Philadelphia authorities to suppress the 
 annoyance to the modest who crossed the river on 
 the ferry-boats. 
 
 Camden in 1824.— About 1800 William Bates, 
 a blacksmith, opened a shop on the east side of 
 Front Street, above Market, and on the site of 
 Joseph Z. CoUings' present coach factory. A few 
 years later he sold to Thomas L. Rowand, who 
 conducted the business several years and sold to 
 Samuel Foreman, who had been his apprentice, 
 and continued many years, and in 1841 the busi- 
 ness was sold to Samuel D. Elfreth, who, in 1848, 
 
 moved to the site of the Electric Light Company's 
 works and continued as a machinist, repairing ferry- 
 boats until 1863, when he sold to Derby & Weath- 
 erby, who then began their present business. Sam- 
 uel D. Elfreth was apprenticed by his father, Joseph 
 Elfreth, of Haddonfield, in 1824, to Samuel Fore- 
 man, the blacksmith, in Camden. In April of that 
 year, when fourteen years of age, he came to 
 Camden and began his apprenticeship. He de- 
 scribes the business interests of the place at that 
 time as follows : Foreman's blacksmith shop and 
 Samuel Glover's carriage shop were on the site of 
 J. Z. Collings' present coach factory ; Sdmuel Scull 
 had formerly occupied the place of Glover, but was 
 then carrying on the same business at the corner 
 of Arch and Front Streets. He died a few years 
 later. 
 
 William Carman, who married Mary, the daugh- 
 ter of Daniel Cooper, removed to Camden about 
 1820, and in 1823 built the large brick house stand- 
 ing on the northeast corner of Broadway and Bridge 
 Avenue, where he resided. By his marriage he 
 came into posses-ion of considerable land lying 
 between Federal Street and Washington, and made 
 many improvements. In 1830 he built the large 
 frame house on the southwest corner of Broadway 
 and Federal Streets. He carried on the lumber 
 business and saw-mill at Coopers Point many 
 years and was active in city affairs. 
 
 On the southwest corner of Front and Cooper 
 stood a livery stable, occupied by Joshua Porter 
 and John Thorn. A tannery had formerly stood 
 upon its site. On the west side of Front Street, 
 joining the livery stable, was the printing-office 
 conducted by Samuel Ellis, who then published 
 the American Star and Rural Record. 
 
 On the corner of Front and Market was Brown- 
 ing's Ferry House, leased then to Benjamin Springer 
 who ran the Market Street Ferry with a nine-horse 
 team-boat. Between Market and Plum and on 
 Front Street stood the carriage factory and black- 
 smith shop of Isaac Vansciver. It was destroyed by 
 fire Nov. '24, 1834, with a large amount of stock, 
 also his dwelling-house adjoining. The buildings 
 in the vicinity were much endangered, and the 
 progress of the fire was stopped by fire companies 
 of Philadelphia that crossed the ferry. The build- 
 ings belonged to Abraham Browning, Sr., who 
 promptly rebuilt ou the site three brick buildings, 
 and Vansciver again took possession. The citizens 
 of Camden met at Isaiah Toy's Ferry House and 
 passed resolutions recognizing the efficient ser- 
 vices of twelve fire companies and ten hose com- 
 panies of Philadelphia. On the 18th of January, 
 1842, Vansciver's coach factory was again de- 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 447 
 
 stroyed by fire, and rebuilt by Mr. Browning, and 
 again on the 19th. of May, 1856, a fire occurred at 
 the place and destroyed one of the buildings in 
 which was a barrel and keg factory on the first 
 floor and a soap factory on the second floor. 
 
 Thomas Rogers, whose house was on. the north- 
 east corner of Second and Market, was a brass 
 founder, and had a shop to the rear of his resi- 
 dence. This section of the town was very swampy, 
 and an elevated walk was built from his house to 
 the shop. To the rear of the shop was a large 
 pond, where the boys of the neighborhood sought 
 cat-fish and eels, with which it was plentifully 
 stocked. 
 
 Samuel Cake, in 1824, kept the Federal Street 
 Ferry House, and ran a stage from the ferry to 
 Leeds Point, Atlantic County. In a slack time of 
 business, between 1820 and 1825; Benjamin Farrow, 
 apprentice to Gideon Stivers, drove a stage a 
 short time over this route, leaving the ferry at six 
 o'clock A.M., and reaching the terminus at four 
 o'clock P.M., making six miles an hour, and car- 
 ried the mail in his pocket. Stages also ran from 
 the same ferry to Cape May and Tuckerton, under 
 charge of Joel Bedine ; to Woodbury, under John 
 N. Watson ; and to Bridgeton, under John Parvin. 
 On the south side of Federal Street, at the ferry, 
 were the livery stables of Samuel Laning and the 
 hay-scales and grocery of John Wessels. 
 
 The bank was then in operation on the corner 
 of Second and Market Streets, the building having 
 been formerly used as a dwelling and shoe-shop of 
 Peter Farrow. Eichard M. Cooper kept a store at 
 Cooper Street Ferry and also the post-ofiice. 
 Nathan Davis was for many years his deputy, and 
 finally succeeded him in the post-ofiice. A cigar- 
 box was the receptacle of all the letters brought 
 by one mail then. William Cooper kept the 
 Coopers Point Ferry and Ferry House. A store 
 was kept at that place by John Wood. 
 
 Where the Camden and Amboy Railroad track 
 crosses Market Street, Isaac McCully had a black- 
 smith shop, William Caffrey soon after opened a 
 wheelwright shop, and around these shops grew 
 up Dogwoodtown in later days, and the shops 
 developed into the establishment of Charles Caf- 
 fray. 
 
 At the head of Market, on north side, above 
 Fifth Street, and the upper end of the town plot, 
 in 1824 Jacob Lehr built a large candle factory, 
 twenty by fifty feet, with a capacity of making at 
 one time one thoasand two hundred candles daily. 
 It was continued by him until 1840, and was later 
 used by Frederick Fearing, who manufactured 
 pianos in the building until about 1864. The 
 
 drug store of Charles Stephenson occupies part of 
 the site. 
 
 Benjamin Allen was running a tannery with 
 forty vats at Kaighns Point, west of Second Street, 
 and north of Kaighn Avenue. It had been in 
 operation many years. 
 
 Elias Kaighn had established, at Kaighns Point, 
 an edge tool and carriage spring manufactory, 
 which he enlarged and added thereto a foundry. 
 He also had a foundry in Camden about 1835 to 
 1840, which, in the latter year, he leased and con- 
 tinued at Kaighns Point. In 1834 he opened a 
 coal-yard at Kaighns Point, and kept the Lehigh 
 and Schuylkill cOal. His foundry and shops were 
 continued many years. 
 
 The Ferry House and ferry at Kaighns Point 
 were kept by Ebenezer Toole. 
 
 Assessments of 1834.— In 1834 Isaac H. Porter 
 was assessor, Caleb Roberts, collector, and John 
 K. Cowperthwaite, treasurer of Camden township, 
 with Nathan Davis, Gideon V. Stivers and Isaac 
 Vansciver, commissioners of appeal. The tax re- 
 quired was,— For State, $158.90 ; county, $470.25 ; 
 poor, $235 ; town ship, $600,— total, $1463.15. The 
 tax-rate was 25 cents on the $100 ; householders, 45 
 cents ; single men, $1.65 ; horses and mules, 40 cents ; 
 cattle, 18 cents; gigs and chairs (pleasure carriages), 
 28 cents; common wagons and dearborns, 40 cents; 
 jack -wagons (leather springs), 80 cents; sulkies, 21 
 cents. There were 561 ratables, of whom 440 
 were householders and 121 single men. The tax 
 duplicate footed up $2153, less $74.50 dog tax. 
 The dog tax was 50 cents. The following, taken 
 from the assessments of that year, will give an 
 idea of the possessions of the leading property- 
 holders of that day : 
 
 Mrs. Ann Andrews was taxed $4 for a lumber- 
 yard. Josiah Atkinson was assessed at $1000. Ben- 
 jamin Allen, the tanner, for forty vats, $1300 
 mortgages and $1900 real estate. Atwood & Caw- 
 cey, five lots on Market Street, $1300. Ann Bur- 
 rough, for the Taylor property on Market, above 
 Third, was assessed $300, and $2000 for other 
 property. William Bates, house and lot, southeast 
 corner Fifth and Market, $1500; five lots on Fifth, 
 below Market, $300, and lands, $600. Abraham 
 Browning, Sr., store and lot. Second and Market, 
 $1000; livery stable, $500; other property, $1500. 
 Richard M. Cooper, property, $12,200; lands, 
 $1500; his tax was $39.40. William Carman's 
 property was assessed at $18,800 ; one lot, $300 ; 
 and his saw-mill was taxed $4. Daniel S. Carter, 
 assessed at $800 and Edward Dougherty at $700. 
 Elizabeth Heyle was assessed at $7000, besides 
 twenty-three lots at $900. Hugh Hatch, assessed 
 
448 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 at $15,100; tax, $47. Joseph Kaighn's assessments 
 were, — three lots, $450 ; three lots, $150 ; a store, 
 $400 ; bonds and mortgages, $47,985 ; other prop- 
 erty, $4400,— total, $53,385; his tax was $136.50. 
 Charles Kaighn was assessed at $2900 and taxed 
 $1 for a lumber-yard. Charity, Grace and Ann 
 Kaighn were assessed $1700, $1100, and $3200, re- 
 spectively. John Kaighn, real property, $4500 ; 
 lands and mortgages, 15000. Ebenezer Levick» 
 the tanner, was taxed for forty vats, and Auley 
 McAlla, long cashier of the State) Bank, was 
 assessed for $2000 of property. Dr. Isaac Mul- 
 ford was assessed at $4300. William Fortner 
 waa assessed at $2100, and for a lot and shop 
 he bought of Caleb Eoberts, next to the south- 
 west corner of Second Street and Federal, $200. 
 Richard Fetters 48J Fetteraville lots were as- 
 sessed at $50 each. The frame two-story house 
 which he used for a store, and an upper room of 
 which he rented for Council meetings in 1828, for 
 $12 per year, on Third below Market, where As- 
 sociation Hall now stands, was assessed at $400. 
 His other property was assessed at $11,485, besides 
 $4655 in lands and mortgages and $100 for "the 
 Shivers lot," total, $19,080. This tax was $47.62 J. 
 Ellen Genge, real property, $7300 ; personal, $4,- 
 000. Her tax was $28.55. Frederick Eath, the 
 veteran ferryman, was assessed at $2200. Collector 
 Caleb Eoberts was taxed 63 cents. John Sisty, the 
 Baptist preacher, was assessed at $5800, besides 
 $3900 in the name of Sisty & Eichards, partners 
 in real estate transactions. Isaac Smith's property 
 was assessed at $8600, and bonds at $400. Joab 
 Scull was assessed at $1200, and taxed $4 for his 
 store at Second and Federal. 
 
 Gideon V. Stivers was assessed at $9400, besides 
 $350 for his carpenter shop, which stood on Fourth 
 Street, adjoining the First Baptist Church on the 
 north. He was also assessed $150 for "Stokes' 
 shop." Ebenezer Toole, of the Kaighns Point 
 Feri-y, was assessed at $19,250 ; also $900 for 3 J lots 
 and $50 for a lot. His tax was $50.25. Isaac Van- 
 sciver's carriage factory. Front and Arch, was as- 
 sessed at $1200, and his other property at $5000. 
 Joseph Weatherby built and opened the Eailroad 
 Hotel, Second and Bridge Avenue, when the Cam- 
 den and Amboy Eailroad was built, and was as- 
 sessed at $600. David Eead, grandfather of Joseph 
 J., Edmund E. and the late John S. Read, was 
 assessed at $2900, besides a lot at $300. 
 
 The legal fee of the assessor was eight cents per 
 name, but the economic voters of that day devised 
 a plan to save by voting for the candidate who 
 oflered to do the work for the lowest price. Thus 
 Daniel S. Carter, at the spring election in 1833, 
 
 offered to assess for four cents, and being the low- 
 est bidder, got the votes and the job, but when he 
 asked for eight cents a name he received it, for 
 the law was on his side. When, however, at the 
 next town-meeting, he made a similar offer, the 
 voters preferred the bid of Caleb Eoberts for four 
 cents and made him assessor, with Isaac H. Porter 
 collector on the same terms. The emoluments of 
 the offices that year were, — Roberts, assessor, $34.- 
 02; Porter, collector, $35.52; while Josiah Shi- 
 vers, assessor in 1835, received $59.73 for his ser- 
 vices, his popularity, or, maybe, absence of compe- 
 tition, securing him the contract at six cents a 
 name. 
 
 Interesting Facts and Incidents. — Joseph 
 Edwards, in the year 1826, erected a distillery 
 for the distilling of spirits of turpentine, on the 
 west side of Front Street, south of the old print- 
 ing-office. Rosin was brought from North Car- 
 olina, and for several years he carried on an 
 extensive business, and until distilleries began to 
 be erected nearer the supply of rosin. About 1833 
 he sold to Benjamin F. Davis, who turned his 
 attention to the preparation of camphine, burning- 
 fluid and other illuminators. He did a large busi- 
 ness and made money. Several disastrous fires 
 occurred at his works, and Council passed an 
 ordinance restricting the boiling or distilling of 
 oil or turpentine within the city limits. With the 
 advent of coal oil, Davis' occupation vanished. 
 
 Charles Freeman, about 1833, established a fac- 
 tory at the foot of what is now Penn Street, on the 
 north side, for the manufacture of leather and fur 
 caps. Women were mostly employed. His works 
 were removed a short time after to near the centre 
 of the square bounded by Front, Second, Market 
 and Cooper Streets, where he added the manufac- 
 ture of oil-cloth. This establishment was destroyed 
 by fire January 18, 1844. 
 
 After Charles Freeman removed his cap factory 
 from the foot of Penn Street, Flannigan & Carpen- 
 ter fitted up the building for a grist-mill, which 
 they continued for several years and sold to Bing- 
 ham & McKeen. The mill was in operation until 
 it was destroyed by fire. Above the grist-mill of 
 Flannigan & Carpenter, Joseph Jones also erected 
 a grist-mill, which was in operation several years. 
 Jacob Sawn, in June, 1834, began the manufac- 
 ture of cedar-ware on Second Street, five doors 
 below Federal. Jacob Ludlam, who had kept 
 store for several years on Federal Street, opposite 
 the town-house, sold his grocery, April 15, 1834, 
 to Amasa Armstrong. Josiah S. Stevenson, April 
 15, 1834, opened a flour, feed and grocery store on 
 the corner of Market and Second Streets, opposite 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 449 
 
 the bank. John E. Sickler, former editor of the 
 Camden Mail, in 1834 opened a " drug and medi- 
 cine store" at his residence, on Market Street, be- 
 tween Third and Fourth. 
 
 About 1830 Robert Smith started a pottery, 
 using a portion of Benjamin Allen's premises at 
 Kaighns Point. He took in partnership with him 
 his brother, George H. Smith. The product was 
 glazed earthenware. The industry continued for 
 a number of years. George H. Smith was a har- 
 ness-maker and a prominent politician. 
 
 Benjamin Dugdale, a son-in-law of James 
 Kaighn, about 1830 established a tannery at the 
 foot of Cooper Street, on the site of Esterbrook's 
 pen factory, which in 1834 had forty vats and was 
 conducted by Ebenezer Levick. The site was 
 later used by Joseph Myers for a liverj' stable, and 
 until the Camden Water- Works Company erected 
 the brick building now part of the pen factory. 
 
 Smith & Kane, in May, 1834, opened a " Drug 
 and Medicine Store " on the northwest corner of 
 Plum and Third Streets, and in May, 1835, dis- 
 solved partnership. Daniel S. Smith continued 
 the business and soon after sold to Dr. J.. Roberts. 
 J. C. De La Cour became a partner and on October 
 19, 1836, the latter was alone in the "Drug and 
 Chemical Store," and is now (1886) in the same 
 business. Browning Morgan had been for many 
 years engaged in the sale of drugs and medicine. 
 
 Ledden Davis, after conducting the dry-goods 
 and grocery business for many years, sold out in 
 June, 1834. A few years later he went to Chicago. 
 His store was on the north side of Plum Street, 
 two doors below Fourth. 
 
 Norcross, Reeves, Toy & Co. advertised, Octo- 
 ber 23, 1834, " that in addition to their old estab- 
 lished mail-stage, they would begin to run a new 
 accommodation stage, to leave Good Intent every 
 morning, Sundays excepted, and pass through 
 Blackwoodtortu, Chews Landing, Mount Ephraim, 
 and returning leave Toy's Ferry, Camden, at 2.30 
 
 P.M." 
 
 John Brock and Jonathan Pitney, M.D., (the 
 latter of whom became the projector of the Cam- 
 den and Atlantic Railroad), in this year (1834) 
 disposed of their line of stages running between 
 Philadelphia, Absecom and Somers Point, consist- 
 ing of twelve horses, two stages and mail contract. 
 
 Dr. Lee advertised that he " had paid consider- 
 able attention to the practice of dentistry, such as 
 filling, plugging and extracting teeth," and asked 
 the patronage of the people of Camden. 
 
 Philip J. Grey, then editor of the West Jer- 
 sey Mail, says, in this year (1834), that Camden 
 sends off two or three coaches daily to the South. 
 
 Mr. Cole has a four-story shop with one hundred 
 windows. Richards & Collins and T. & R. S. 
 Humphreys each had shops. Isaac Vansciver was 
 also the proprietor of a large establishment. 
 
 Davy Crockett, the celebrated frontiersman, 
 stopped in Camden on the 14th of May, 1834, 
 while on his way to Washington from Boston. He 
 was then a representative in Congress from the 
 State of Kentucky. He also stopped at Jersey 
 City on his way to Camden, and at a shooting- 
 match there he gave splendid evidences of his 
 skill as a marksman, hitting a silver quarter of a 
 dollar at a distance of forty yards. While visiting 
 Camden he was the guest of Isaiah Toy, at his 
 Ferry Hotel, now at the foot of Fedeial Street. 
 After attending a banquet given by Mr. Toy, in 
 his honor, he participated in a shooting-match, 
 but before he had an opportunity to sustain his 
 fame as a marksman, " some of the light-fingered 
 gentry," always present at such places, stole from 
 him the sum of one hundred and sixty dollars, 
 which very much discomfited the humorist Con- 
 gressman. Other unwary persona present met a 
 similar misfortune at this shooting-match. 
 
 By an act of Congress in 1834, the city of Cam- 
 den became a port of entry, and Morris Croxall 
 became surveyor and inspector. 
 
 August 25, 1834, George Elliot, an aeronaut, 
 made an ascension from Camden in his balloon 
 " Lafayette." 
 
 Daniel S. Southard and Abraham Browning in 
 this year associated themselves together to prac- 
 tice law and opened an office in a building adjoin- 
 ing Toy's Hotel. 
 
 In 1835 there were two thousand people and 
 four hundred houses in Camden ; the latter were 
 all occupied and there was a great demand for 
 more. 
 
 Benjamin Burrough, who for many years had 
 kept a livery staljle at Coopers Point, advertised 
 for sale in May, 1834 ; Bradford Stratton, of the 
 same place, advertised his livery stable for sale 
 September 30, 1835. 
 
 Jacob S. Collings, before 1835, had a coach man- 
 ufactory, which "turns coaches, dear-boms and 
 vehicles of various descriptions." 
 
 In August, 1835, William Norcross & Co., of 
 Blackwood, advertised " a new and superior line of 
 stages leaving Reeves' Ferry, Market Street, Phil- 
 adelphia, and Toy's Ferry, Camden, passing 
 through Mount Ephraim, Chews Landing, Black- 
 wood, Cross Keys, Squankum, Free Will, Blue 
 Anchor, Winslow, Mays Landing and Somers 
 Point to Absecom, where there are superior ad- 
 vantages for sea-bathing." 
 
450 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 In 1835 Hannah Clement was keeping a dry- 
 goods store on Federal Street, below Third. She 
 advertised a full supply of all kinds of goods. 
 
 Mrs. Vaughn, in 1835, owned a bakery on the 
 corner of Third and Market, and in December of 
 that year sold to E. D. Wessels. 
 
 In 1836 William J. Hatch was keeping a store 
 on the corner of Market and Third Streets. 
 
 William Morris, in 1836, carried on the watch 
 and clock-making business near the corner of 
 Third and Plum. 
 
 On Monday evening, April 4, 1836, at "early 
 candle-light," a temperance meeting convened in 
 the Methodist Episcopal Church. An address was 
 delivered by William Kee, chairman of the State 
 Temperance Society. Jacob S. Collings was chair- 
 man of ihe meeting. A committee was appointed 
 to draft a constitution for a Camden society. The 
 committee reported and a constitution was read 
 and adopted and a society formed. 
 
 Mark Burrough, in 1836, established the busi- 
 ness of weaving on Plum Street, between Third 
 and Fourth Streets. 
 
 Joseph C. Morgan, in June, 1836, advertised for 
 sale his grocery store at Paul's Ferry, Camden. 
 
 J. C. Burrough established a tailor shop on the 
 corner of Second and Federal Streets March 1, 
 1837. 
 
 The new burial-ground was opened in May, 
 1837, and the first sale of lots was made on the 29th 
 of the month. 
 
 Charles Bontemps opened a gunsmith-shop op- 
 posite ihi bank July 12, 1837. He continued 
 many years and later was postmaster. 
 
 Caleb Roberts opened a cabinet-shop on Third 
 Street, opposite the Methodist Church, in 1837. 
 
 William Wannon, in February, 1839, established 
 a book-bindery in Fettersville, which continued 
 many years. 
 
 D. Dickinson, a portrait and niiniature painter, 
 opened a studio in Camden August 19, 1840. 
 
 Horatio Shepherd and Andrew Wilson for sev- 
 eral years had conducted pump-making between 
 Clement's and English's Ferries, and August 7, 
 1840, dissolved partnership and Wilson contin- 
 ued. 
 
 Dr. Richard M. Cooper opened an office between 
 Front and Second, on Cooper Street, August 26, 
 1840. The upper part of the Baptist Church was 
 dedicated January 3, 1841 ; N. B. Tindall was then 
 pastor. On the 5th of July, 1840, J. Coffee opened 
 a public-house called " Coffee's Woodlands." Seven 
 acres of woodland were fitted up for the public. 
 It was ten minutes' walk from the ferries, and on 
 Sunday afternoons an omnibus was in waiting at 
 
 Walnut Street Ferry to conduct visitors to the 
 garden. Judge J. K. Cowperthwait opened a store 
 in January, 1841, on the northeast corner of Sec- 
 ond and Federal Streets. Charles B. Mench was 
 upholstering in a shop on Plum Street, six doors 
 above Second Street. 
 
 J. & H. Chapman, tin plate and sheet-iron 
 workers, had a shop in 1841 on Market Street be- 
 tween Second and Third. John Eoss established 
 a tailor shop in May, 1841, in No. 4 Lanning's 
 How, opposite Cake's Hotel (Toy's Ferry House). 
 John B. Eichardson advertised to furnish Camden 
 with Schuylkill coal from August 12, 1840. Sep- 
 tember 16th, the same year. Cole & Elfreth also 
 had coal for sale. Their ofBce was on Front Street, 
 between Market and Plum. William Carman, who 
 had kept both Lehigh and Schuylkill coal since 
 1835, advertised to deliver it from his mill at $4.50 
 per ton. In 1841 Eichard Fetters advertised two 
 hundred and eight lots for sale, parts of and addi- 
 tions to his plot, which derived the name of Fet- 
 tersville. On the 8th of June, 1840, George G. 
 Hatch advertised " to open a milk route and to 
 supply Camden with pure, good milk and cream," 
 and solicited patronage. This does not appear to 
 be the first attempt to open a milk route, as in 
 1825 William Carman built a two-story brick house 
 on the east side of Newton Avenue, south of Bridge 
 Avenue, for his tenant, Witten Eichmond, who 
 farmed the land and managed the dairy, the 
 Coopers Creek meadows providing the pasture. 
 He was the first to serve customers by going from 
 house to house. The dairy farm was continued as 
 late as 1859. 
 
 In 1842 John & James G. Capewell established 
 works for the manufacture of flint glassware at 
 Kaighns Point. They were located in the block 
 bounded by Kaighu Avenue and Sycamore, Sec- 
 ond and Locust. The Capewells were masters of 
 the craft, and putting on the market a superior ar- 
 ticle, established a large and lucrative trade, and 
 gave employment to twenty-five skilled mechanics, 
 besides other help. The works flourished until 
 crippled by the financial crisis and industrial de- 
 pression of 1857, and after a struggle of two years, 
 were finally closed in 1859. 
 
 S. W. Trotter, in May, 1842, was keeping an 
 " iron store" next to E. W. Cake's Hotel and ferry. 
 E. W. Howell opened a law-office at the foot of 
 Market Street in 1841, and in May, 1842, moved 
 to building adjoining Cake's Hotel. A Union 
 Temperance Beneficial Society of Camden was or- 
 ganized in January, 1842, under an act of Leg- 
 islature, with Samuel H. Davis as secretary. 
 Clement Cresson, a druggist at No. 54, south side 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 451 
 
 of Market Street, sold to Edward Cole in Feb- 
 ruary, 1843. William Carman built at Coopers 
 Point a large ice-house in the fall of 1842, which 
 held " 50,000 bushels of ice." 
 
 Joseph C. Shivers, the proprietor of the old es- 
 tablished line of stages to Haddonfield, sold the 
 business, in October, 1843, to Benjamin M. Rob- 
 erts. Evans & Brink, who owned a wharf on the 
 river-bank, in August, 1843, opened also a coal- 
 yard, where they kept for sale Lehigh, Beaver 
 Meadow, Peach Orchard, Sugar Loaf, Hazleton 
 and Schuylkill coal for sale. Dr. G. Schwartz, 
 who had been practicing homceopathy for nine 
 years, July 23, 1845, advertised that he intended 
 to locate permanently in Camden, and was daily 
 at Mr. Fearing's house, on Market Street near 
 Sixth. B,. J. Ward opened a new store, corner of 
 Federal and Third Streets, in January, 1844. Ed- 
 ward Browning & Brothers erected a steam plaster- 
 mill on the river's edge and Market Street, in 
 March, 1846. 
 
 Jesse W. Starr, the proprietor of the West Jer- 
 sey Iron Foundry, opened a hardware store on 
 Bridge Avenue, below Second Street, in 1846. 
 
 In the year of 1845 great additions were made 
 to the town by extensive building of rows of brick 
 houses in South Camden. Three large brick 
 houses by Mr. Fearing ; one large brick dwelling, 
 corner of Market and Second, by Edward Smith ; 
 five-story brick building on site of ihe "late fire;" 
 three-story elegant brick dwelling, on Cooper 
 Street, by William Lawrence; Collins & Carman, 
 two large brick coach-shops, and many other 
 smaller buildings. Ealph Lee opened a coal-yard 
 at Kaighns Point in 1852. It had been sold three 
 years before by Elias Kaighn. 
 
 In 1852 Lefevre, Guthrie & Co. were running 
 the carriage factory established many years before 
 by Isaac Cole. It was on the river at the foot of 
 Plum Street. 
 
 About 1845 Collins and the heirs of Marmaduke 
 C. Cope erected on the Cope property a mill for 
 the manufacture of paper. It was operated by 
 James and Robert Greenleaf ; March 24, 1854, 
 they made an assignment to P. J. Grey. At that 
 time the mill had been lately repaired, and had a 
 capacity of manufacturing forty-five tons of paper 
 per month, with ten rag-machines, one cylinder 
 and one Fourdrinier machine. The machine-shops 
 of M. Furbush & Son now occupy the site. 
 
 The Camden Literary and Library Association 
 was organized January 23, 1852. A course of lec- 
 tures was conducted in 1853. 
 
 Dr. G. S. Frederick Pfieffer, homoeopathic phy- 
 sician, opened an office at No. 48 Stevens Street in 
 
 1854. The Free Eeading-Room Association opened 
 rooms in the second stoj'y of Samuel Andrews' 
 building in October, 1854. The corner-stone of 
 the Methodist Church, on Coopers Hill, was laid 
 August 7, 1855 ; Bishop Janes and Rev. Mr. Bar- 
 tine conducted the services. The State Agricul- 
 tural Society held its fair at Camden September 
 18-21, 1855. The Washington Market-House Com- 
 pany was organized April 17, 1856. Brink & Dur- 
 vin, in 1854, erected a rolling-mill at Coopers Point, 
 near the head of Third Street, for the manufac- 
 ture of bar-iron, and operated it for several years. 
 It was afterwards bought by the firm of Noble, 
 Hammett & Co., of which Asa Packer was also 
 a member. It was subsequently sold to A. T_ 
 Wilson & Co., who did a large business, but 
 eventually transferred it to the Camden Rolling- 
 Mill Company, which was incorporated by Charles 
 Garrett, J. W. Middleton, Jacob Harned, William 
 Decou, Edward Middleton, Nathan Middleton, 
 Allen Middleton and David Longenecker, who 
 continued business for many years. A nail factory 
 for the production of cut nails was built by A. T. 
 Wilson & Co., in 1860, on Front Street, adjoining 
 the rolling-mill. They employed four hundred 
 hands in the rolling-mill and nail factory. 
 
 A foundry was also built, on Second and Erie 
 Streets, by the Camden RoUing-Mill Company 
 for the manufacture of cast-iron pipe, and thirty 
 moulders were employed in the foundry. The 
 company operated the foundry until 1869, when it 
 was bought by Jesee W. Starr & Son. The roll- 
 ing-mill, nail-works and foundry have been out of 
 blast since 1870; a portion of the land occupied by 
 them was bought and dwellings erected thereon. 
 
 The first cobble pavement was laid in 1851 be- 
 tween Market and Arch. There are now (1886) 22 
 milesof cobble pavement; 4yVt!- miles of rubble pave- 
 ment; 2tV!r miles of asphalt pavement; ^=5% miles 
 of Belgian blocks pavement ; j%% miles of Telford 
 pavement. 
 
 The first culvert was laid along Federal Street 
 in 1864. There was, up to 1886, twenty-eight miles 
 of culverting in the city. 
 
 " The Pleasure Railway " in the city of Cam- 
 den was built in May 1834. It was a circular 
 track on which two miniature cars " were pro- 
 pelled by an easy and healthful application of 
 power in a beautiful grove at Coopers Point." It 
 afforded innocent amusement to the youths of that 
 
 day. 
 
 There were no large shoe stores in the early 
 days of Camden City. Shoes were made to order, 
 and in some cases the shoemaker would take his 
 kit of tools to the house of the patron, who furn- 
 
452 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 ished the leather, and make up a stock sufficient 
 to last for months. The leading shoemaker of 
 Camden, in 1828, was James Deur, or "Uncle 
 Jimmy" as he was called. He resided at Coopers 
 Point and was elected to the first council to repre- 
 sent " the village of William Cooper's Ferry," but 
 declined to serve. He was a good man, an active 
 Methodist and a Jackson Democrat. 
 
 Pleasure Gardens. — The memory of the old- 
 est inhabitant, recalling the scenes of the fir.st 
 years of the present century, represents the site of 
 Camden as very rural in its character. Corn-fields, 
 pasture-lands, orchards and woods covered its 
 face, and the numerous tidal streams flowing into 
 the Delaware afforded excellent sport for anglers, 
 and Philadelphians in large numbers, attracted by 
 these conditions, made it a resort, and sought the 
 shade and pleasure it furnished. The people of 
 " Pluck-em-in " (as Camden was sometimes called), 
 with an eye to gain, encouraged these visitations 
 hy establishing gardens, with seats for the weary, 
 viands for the hungry and drinks for the thirsty, 
 adding to the attractions by providing merry-go- 
 rounds, shuffle-boards, nine-pins, swings and other 
 means of pleasure and recreation. Every ferry 
 had a garden attached to it, and others were to be 
 found in the oak and pine groves covering much 
 of the land. The Vauxhall Garden was the most 
 noted of these in the olden time, on the east side 
 of Fourth Street, between Market and Arch. It 
 was first opened by Joseph Laturno, a Frenchman, 
 who ran the steamer "Minette" from Market 
 Street for the accommodation of his patrons. This 
 was in 1818. The garden was well patronized, but 
 Laturno soon left for Washington, taking the 
 " Minette " with him. John Johnson succeeded, 
 and was in the hey-dey of success when Camden 
 was made a city. The first City Council met in 
 his house. This garden was a great resort while 
 in Johnson's hands, and multitudes sought its 
 shades, the amusements it afl'orded and the ice- 
 cream and the rum toddies it supplied. The 
 latter were sometimes too strong for weak heads 
 and at times brawls, fights and even riots resulted 
 from too free indulgence. Johnson was succeeded 
 by a German named Geyer, who was noted for 
 his fondness for crows, which he shot and cooked 
 in a way of his own. This penchant for the sable 
 croakers led a number of young men to go with a 
 wagon one night to the crow-roost or rookery in 
 the woods, near the Catholic Cemetery, in Stock- 
 ton township, where they secured a large number, 
 and in the morning dumped them before Geyer's 
 door, who, whether pleased or not, had the discre- 
 tion to appear pleased, and requested a repetition 
 
 of the favor. With Geyer's departure, in 1835, 
 Vauxhall ceased to be a public resort. 
 
 The Columbia Garden was started in 1824 by 
 Sebastian Himel, the baker, in the grove between 
 Market and Arch, above Fifth Street. On his 
 death his brother-in-law, Henry C. Heyle, con- 
 ducted it, making sausage in winter and running the 
 garden in summer. He lived there but a short time, 
 and, in 1828, the liquor license was granted to his 
 widow, Elizabeth Heyle, who conducted it for a 
 number of years. It came into the possession of 
 Gottlieb Zimmerman, well known to many of the 
 present generation. He constructed a house in 
 the form of an immense puncheon, from which the 
 garden was thereafter known as the " Tub." The 
 bar was on the ground floor, while, on the second 
 floor, large parties enjoyed the pleasures of the 
 dance. The outside of this unique building was 
 kept in place by great bands of iron, similar to the 
 hoops on a barrel. Zimmerman was the last occu- 
 pant of the "Tub." 
 
 The Diamond Cottage, situated north of Cooper 
 and east of Sixth Street, was opened by Joshua 
 Benson, and was a popular resort for many years. 
 Its proprietors after Benson were Gottlieb Zimmer- 
 man, Frank Eichter and others. It was classed as 
 a beer garden in 1875, and has since been the 
 meeting-place of the Prohibitionists, who gather in 
 large numbers and listen to some of the best 
 speakers in the land. It is asserted that near the 
 end of the grove, at Cooper Street, was the burial- 
 place of many dead victims of the yellow fever ep- 
 idemic which visited Philadelphia in 1793, the 
 bodies being brought over the river and buried 
 there. It was also the burial-place of unknown 
 drowned persons. New Jersey State fair was held 
 here in 1855. 
 
 The Woodland Garden, along the Camden and 
 Amboy Railroad, northeast of H addon Avenue, 
 was opened by Joseph Maurer in 1857. This was 
 part of the Carman grove of oaks that formerly 
 covered a large space of the centre of the city. 
 It was popular in its time, and when Maurer died 
 others succeeded him, but improvements en- 
 croached upon the grove, and the trees have been 
 supplanted by brick houses. 
 
 The Cave was an excavation in the bank facing 
 the meadows on Coopers Creek, south of Federal 
 Street, and was opened in 1855 by August Sand- 
 man and William Helmuth, whose drinking-places 
 were closed on Sundays by the vigilance of Mayor 
 Samuel Scull. It was not a garden, for there was 
 no shade, except that furnished by canvas, but it 
 was outside the city limits, and therefore beyond 
 the mayor's juritdiction, and to it the thirsty hied 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 453 
 
 on Sunday in large numbers. The Cave main- 
 tained its existence for several years, but few now 
 living remember it. 
 
 Coopers Ferry Garden, situated on the north 
 side of Cooper Street, west of Front, was a noted 
 resort and was started by Joseph and Israel Eng- 
 lish, father and son, when they had charge of the 
 ferry. The house was the one built by William 
 Cooper in 1769, and removed in 1883, the site being 
 wanted for improvements. 
 
 English's Garden was on the south side of Market 
 Street, below^ Front, and was first opened by 
 Benjamin Springer in 1818, and continued until 
 several years after the West Jersey Hotel was 
 opened by Israel English, in 1849. It was called 
 Springer's Garden while he controlled it. 
 
 The Round House, as the garden at the Federal 
 Street Ferry was called, because of the circular 
 two-story brick house, built by Jacob Eidgway, 
 was started by him in 1832. It was south of Fed- 
 eral Street, the Fulmer building occupying part 
 of the site. The large willows, planted by Eidg- 
 way's orders, were cut down a few years ago. 
 
 Toole's Garden, at Kaighns Point, was south 
 and east of the hotel at Front Street and Kaighn 
 Avenue. There was a small garden attached to 
 the hotel below the ferry and both places had 
 many visitors. Dr. L. F. Fisler says : " Kaighns 
 Point at that day was a place of great resort for 
 the citizens of Philadelphia during the summer 
 season. It is said that Captain Watmough, of the 
 Washington Guards, and Captain James Page, of 
 the State Fencibles, often visited this cool and 
 shady retreat, accompanied by Frank Johnson's 
 renowned Black Band. Then the music consisted 
 of national and patriotic airs and marches, instead 
 of so much of the spiritless pieces of the present 
 day." 
 
 There was a garden at the Coopers Point Ferry, 
 and, in fact, every ferry had a garden, except that 
 on the upper side of Market Street. 
 
 " Sausage Weaving " was quite an industry 
 in Camden two and three generations ago, and 
 farther back than that in all probability, but it is 
 one of those trades of which no public record is 
 made and hence dependence for information re- 
 garding it falls upon the memory of the living. 
 Among the oldest living of those who in times 
 past regaled the taste of Philadelphia epicures 
 with the well-seasoned, linked-up result of finely- 
 chopped corn-fed pork, named Jersey sausage, was 
 Joseph Sharp, of 830 South Fifth Street, where, 
 about 1835, he built his house with all the essen- 
 tial appliances for successful trade. He had car- 
 ried on for nearly ten years before in the upper 
 54 
 
 part of Philadelphia and found his patrons in the 
 Spring Garden Market. 
 
 William Sharp, a brother, started a few years 
 later, and was quite successful, amassing a compe- 
 tence which he is now enjoying. His establish- 
 ment during the last years of his active business 
 life was on Kaighn Avenue and his market was 
 on Shippen Street. Early in the present century 
 David Eead, grandfather of Joseph J. and Edmund 
 E. Eead, of Camden, did a large business at sau- 
 sage weaving at his residence on Arch Street, be- 
 low Third. 
 
 James McGonigle carried on in the " twenties," 
 at Fourth Street and Taylor's Avenue, and made 
 money. 
 
 Peter Bender began sausage weaving in 1826, 
 on Arch Street, but removed to Coopers Hill. He 
 died in 1858. 
 
 Thomas McDowell's factory was at No. 825 
 South Fifth and his brother Isaac was on Third 
 Street, near Arch. They stood on Market Street, 
 between Front and Second Streets, Philadelphia, 
 called the Jersey Market, because so many of the 
 stalls were rented by Jerseymen. It was here 
 Samuel Scull, once mayor, once Assemblyman and 
 often Councilman, sold his sausage and Jersey 
 cured hams from his establishment on Kaighn 
 Avenue, near Locust. 
 
 The earliest sausage weaver, of which tradition 
 gives notice, was Edward Daugherty, who was one 
 of the first Councilmen of the new city, and who 
 long before there was an established church 
 in Camden, he a Methodist, with Edward Sharp, 
 a Presbyterian, established a Sunday-school in the 
 old Camden Academy. Edward Daugherty was re- 
 garded as one of the best men in the town and was 
 noted for his integrity in business, in which he 
 secured competence, if not great wealth. He began 
 business on Federal Street, above Fourth, after- 
 wards building on the northwest corner of Third 
 and Bridge Avenue. He, too, " stood " in the 
 "Jersey Market," and, like many of his fellow- 
 craftsmen, could be seen early on market mornings 
 trundlinga wheelbarrow, load with piles of sausage, 
 on his way to the ferry and to the " Jersey Mar- 
 ket." 
 
 It was in this market that Eeiley Barrett, a local 
 preacher, politician, shoemaker, city treasurer 
 and member of Assembly, sold his linked wares 
 for a time, and for many years he dispensed his 
 sausage hot, with coffee and rolls, to his hungry 
 fellow- Jersey men. 
 
 There were others in the trade in the earlier 
 years of the century, among them William J. 
 Hawk, on Kaighn Avenue, and Andrew Jenkins, 
 
454 
 
 HISTOKY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 and all who did not waste, saved money, as for 
 long years the reputation of "Jersey Sausage" 
 was such that the demand was equal to the sup- 
 ply and the price equal to the reputation. In ad- 
 dition to her duties as proprietress of the Columbia 
 Garden, Elizabeth Heyle did an extensive busi- 
 ness in the winter season iu sausage-making, as 
 did her husband, Henry Heyle, many years before 
 his death, in 1825. 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 BANKS AND BANKING. 
 
 The First Bank in New Jersey — State and National Laws Governing 
 the Banking System — The National State Bank of Camden — The 
 Farmers and Mechanics Bank — The First.National Bank — The 
 Camden Safe Deposit Company — The Camden National Bank. 
 
 The Fiest Bank in New Jersey. — The busi- 
 ness of banking in the State of New Jersey origi- 
 nated within the present limits of Camden County, 
 in the year 1682, and its founder was Mark Newbie, 
 one of the guiding spirits of the Newton colony, 
 who located near the middle branch of Newton 
 Creek with the first settlers in 1681. He was a 
 man of considerable estate, and although he lived 
 but a short time after his arrival in America, he 
 became the owner of several large tracts of land. 
 In May, 1682, the Legislature of New Jersey, by 
 the passage of the following act, created Mark 
 Newbie the first banker in the province : 
 
 " For the convenient Payment of small sums, be it enacted that 
 Mark Newbie' B half-pence, from and after the Eighteenth instant, 
 pass for half-pence current pay of the province, provided he, the 
 said Mark Newbie, give eiiflicient security to the Speaker of the 
 House for the use of the General Assembly from time to time, that 
 he, the said Mark Newbie, his Executora and administrators, shall 
 and will change the said half-pence for pay equivalent upon de- 
 mand; and provided also that no person or persons be hereby obliged 
 to take more than five shillings in one payment.' ' 
 
 Mark Newbie'a bank had a short but interesting 
 history. He gave as security to the province, as re- 
 quired by the act, a tract of three hundred acres 
 of land in Newton township, and conveyed it to 
 Samuel Jennings and Thomas Budd as commis- 
 sioners. 
 
 The half-penny, used as the circulating medium 
 by this pioneer banker, was a copper piece of 
 money coined by the Roman Catholics after the 
 massacre of 1641, in Ireland, and was known as 
 " St. Patrick's half-penny." It had the words 
 "Floreat Rex" on the obverse, and " Ecce Rex" 
 on the reverse. These coins were made in Ireland, 
 under the authority of the law — probably only to 
 
 commemorate some event — but never obtained 
 circulation in that country. Through the rare 
 foresight of Mark Newbie, a large number of them 
 was brought to West New Jersey, and made to 
 answer the wants of the first settlers for several 
 years as a medium of exchange under the, author- 
 ity of the legislative enactment given above. These 
 coins are now very rare, and found only in the 
 cabinets of numismatists. It is not to be supposed 
 that Mark Newbie had authority to make these 
 coins in his small habitation in the new country, 
 but he was careful to keep the amount circulated 
 within proper bounds with the supply he brought 
 with him. Part of his property was pledged to 
 make good any short-coming. The founder of this 
 financial institution died in 1683, and his bank, at 
 some unknown period, soon after ceased to circu- 
 late its coins. 
 
 State and National Laws Governing the 
 Banking System. — The Legislature of New Jer- 
 sey established English shillings and New Eng- 
 land shillings before 1682, and in 1693 did the 
 same thing in relation to Spanish coins, which 
 came into circulation. For many years after the 
 first settlement in New Jersey there was much 
 trouble concerning the standard value of various 
 coins whose circulation was authorized by the 
 different provinces. The first half-penny was 
 issued in New Jersey in 1709. 
 
 Early in the history of the present century 
 statutes of the different States allowed banks to be 
 established for the issue of notes payable in specie 
 on demand. These banks were established by acts 
 of the local Legislature, which limited the liability 
 of the shareholders. Banking then was quite free, 
 and all individuals could carry it on, provided they 
 pursued the requirements of the law. But under 
 this system there was great fluctuation in value, 
 which frequently produced bankruptcy and ruin. 
 Between 1811 and 1820 a number of banks went 
 out of business. The inflation of the bank-notes 
 was wonderful between 1830 and 1837. But just 
 as the amount had increased, it decreased corre- 
 spondingly during the following six years, till 1843, 
 and this caused the ruin of many financial institu- 
 tions. Among them was the Bank of the United 
 States, the renewal of whose charter had been de- 
 nied by President Jackson. 
 
 The loss in the value of stocks and property of 
 all kinds was enormous. But, great as it was, it 
 was trifling compared with the injury which re- 
 sulted to society in disturbing the elements of 
 social order, and in causing the utter demoraliza- 
 tion of men by the irresistible temptation to spec- 
 ulation which it afforded, and by swindling to re- 
 
Ox^ 
 
 /^7 
 
 'Ut- 
 
THE CITY OP CAMDEN. 
 
 455 
 
 tain riches dishonestly obtained. Another crash 
 took place in 1857. 
 
 At the beginning of the war the paper money in 
 circulation amounted to two hundred million dol- 
 lars, of which three-fourths had been issued in the 
 Northern States, and the coin amounted to two 
 hundred and seventy-five million dollars. The 
 early necessities of the national treasury in this 
 trying period compelled the government to borrow 
 money, and in this behalf, in February, 1862, 
 Congress authorized the issue of Treasury notes 
 amounting to one hundred and fifty million dol- 
 lars, and declared them to be legal tender except 
 for customs duties and for interest on the national 
 debt. This action was taken after a full, if not a 
 bitter, discussion of the question. Its constitu- 
 tionality was contested vigorously, but unsuccess- 
 fully. 
 
 A premium on gold naturally followed, causing 
 it to be drawn entirely from circulation, and this 
 increased as the Treasury notes multiplied. Then 
 the national banking system was introduced to 
 supply a circulating medium. This was created on 
 February 25, 1863, and amended June 3, 1864, 
 whereby a Bureau and Comptroller of Currency 
 were appointed in the Treasury Department, with 
 power to authorize banking associations, under 
 certain provisions, for public security. The exist- 
 ing State banks were rapidly transformed into 
 national banks under this system, and their pre- 
 vious notes were withdrawn from circulation. The 
 currency of the country in this manner came to 
 consist of Treasury demand notes, which, in 1865, 
 amounted to four hundred and fifty million dol- 
 lars, and of national bank notes, which approached 
 the limit of three hundred million dollars. The 
 latter circulated as freely as the former, because 
 their ultimate redemption was assured by the de- 
 posit of an adequate amount in United States 
 bonds at the national treasury. This system was 
 found superior in the protection against loss 
 which it afforded, but it could not prevent a finan- 
 cial crisis from sweeping over the country, espe- 
 cially when other causes, such as excessive manu- 
 factures and enormous losses from fire, contributed 
 greatly towards the result. 
 
 Congress also authorized small notes for five, 
 twenty-five and fifty cents to be issued for the pur- 
 pose of supplying the loss of the small denomina- 
 tions of coin money from circulation. This was 
 commonly known as " currency." It waa all re- 
 deemed after the war. 
 
 During this period merchants at Camden, as 
 well as other towns and cities, issued and circu- 
 lated for a time their own fractional demand notes 
 
 for the purpose of encouraging trade amongst one 
 another. But it was gradually redeemed £is the 
 national currency was supplied. 
 
 The National State Bank of Camden. — 
 When Camden was but a small village, and at a pe- 
 riod in our national history when the minds of the 
 majority of American people were turned toward the 
 conflict of arms about to open between the United 
 States and Great Britain, and when the financial 
 affairs of our country required the utmost care in 
 their management, the Legislature of New Jersey, 
 .by an act approved January 28, 1812, authorized 
 the establishment of State Banks at Camden, 
 Trenton, New Brunswick, Elizabeth, Newark and 
 Morris. 
 
 The Bank of Camden was created a corporation, 
 under the name of " The President, Directors and 
 Company of the State Bank at Camden," to con- 
 tinue twenty years from the first Monday in Feb- 
 ruary, 1812. 
 
 The capital stock was divided into sixteen thou- 
 sand shares of fifty dollars each, making eight 
 hundred thousand dollars, of which the State of 
 New Jersey reserved the privilege of subscribing 
 to one-half. Joseph Cooper, Joseph Rogers, Azel 
 Pierson, John Coulter and Joseph Sloan were ap- 
 pointed commissioners to receive subscriptions to 
 the stock. Books of subscription were accordingly 
 opened and eight thousand shares of fifty dollars 
 each were subscribed for, making a capital of four 
 hundred thousand dollars. Wm. Russell, Henry 
 Chew, Richard M. Cooper, Thomas Jones, Jr., 
 James Matlack, Joseph McUvain, Jacob Glover, 
 Robert Newell, Samuel C. Champion, Maurice 
 Wurts, John Coulter, John Warner, James Sloan, 
 John Rogers and Thomas Wright were appointed 
 directors by the said act of incorporation. Wm. 
 Rossell was elected president and Richard M. 
 Cooper appointed cashier. The business of bank- 
 ing commenced on the 16th day of June, 1812. 
 
 The following is a copy of an advertisement of 
 this institution at the date given, being a short 
 time after the opening of the bank for business : 
 
 "STATE BANK. 
 
 '* Camden, N. J. 
 
 " Notice having been given that the State Bank of Camden hai 
 heen opened for the transaction of businesB, on the 15th instant. 
 
 " The directors' days are Wednesday and Saturday of every week. 
 Notes intended for discount for the accommodation of citizens of 
 New Jersey, must be presented at the Banking House on Tuesday 
 or Friday at or before 2 o'clock p.m. of each discount day ; all 
 notes designed to be discounted must be made payable at the State 
 Bank of Camden, agreeably to the following form : 
 
 Dollars 
 
 days after date promue to 
 
 pay to tlie order of at the State 
 
 Bank of Camden dollars without dis' 
 
 count or defalcation for value received. 
 181... 
 
456 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEESEY. 
 
 "The houi-8 for the transaction of business will be from ten o'clocli 
 A.M. to four o'cloclc r.M. every day in the week (Sundays ex- 
 cepted). Notes intended for discount for tlie accommodation of 
 citizens of Philadelphia may be sent to the banking house or 
 left at No. 34: Church Alley, where a box is provided for the re- 
 'ception of the same, provided they are left at or before 2 o'cloclc 
 flf each discount day. Applicants for discounts residing in Phil- 
 adelphia will receive answers in writing at their respective places 
 x)f business on the day following each discount day before 1 
 xj'clock P.M. 
 
 *' By order of the board of directors. 
 
 " ElCHARD M. Cooper, Cashier. 
 "Camden, June 11, 1812." 
 
 On the 19th of February, 1813, the right of the. 
 State to subscribe to one-half the stock was trans- 
 ferred by act of Assembly to John Moore White 
 and others. Subscriptions were accordingly re- 
 ceived to the amount of two hundred thousand 
 dollars, thus raising the capital to six hundred 
 thousand dollars. The remaining four thousand 
 shares were taken by the banks. By an act passed 
 February 15, 1813, the number of directors was 
 fixed at twenty-one. 
 
 On the 4th of October, 1822, a committee was 
 appointed by the directors to petition the Legisla- 
 ture for a reduction of the capital of the bank, on 
 the ground that the paid-in capital (six hundred 
 thousand dollars) was more than could be profita- 
 bly employed in the business of the bank, the 
 State tax thereon being burdensome and oppressive 
 to the stockholders. The petition was met by an 
 act empowering the stockholders to determine (at 
 a general meeting to be convened according to the 
 charter) the expediency of the proposed reduc- 
 tion. This meeting was called on the 7th day of 
 April, 1823, and it was unanimously resolved by 
 the stockholders that the capital stock should be 
 rediiced to three hundred thousand dollars, and 
 that the shares owned by the bank should be ex- 
 tinguished and never reissued, and that after the 
 1st day of October, 1823, the number of directors 
 to be chosen should be thirteen instead of twenty- 
 one. 
 
 The Legislature, by an act passed February 19, 
 1829, extended the act incorporating " The Presi- 
 dent, Directors and Company of the State Bank of 
 Camden" until the first Monday in February, 
 A.D. 1852. By a subsequent act, the capital stock 
 was reduced to two hundred and sixty thousand 
 dollars, and by an act of the Legislature, approved 
 January 26th A. d. 1849, the act incorporating 
 '' The President, Directors and Company of the 
 State Bank of Camden " was further extended and 
 continued fof twenty years from the expiration of 
 its existing charter. 
 
 With varied but continuing success this institu- 
 tion maintained its sphere of usefulness up to the 
 
 period of its becoming a National Bank in place 
 of a State Bank, always supporting a character for 
 fair dealing and ever exerting itself to benefit the 
 community in which its business is conducted. 
 
 The Congress of the United States having 
 passed an act entitled " An Act to provide a 
 National Currency, secured by a pledge of the 
 United States bonds, and to provide for the circu- 
 lation and redemption thereof," approved February 
 25, 1863, and the State of New Jersey having passed 
 an act entitled "An Act to enable the banks of the 
 State to become associations for the purpose of 
 banking under the laws of the United States," 
 the subject of converting this institution into a 
 national banking association under said national 
 act was brought before the board of directors, then 
 composed of John Gill, Joseph W. Cooper, Samuel 
 R. Lippincott, Jonathan J. Spencer, Chas. Reeves, 
 Thomas W. Davis, Israel W. Heulings, Joshua 
 Lippincott. John D. Tustin, James W. Riddle, 
 John H. Stokes, Ephraim Tomlinson and Joseph 
 Trimble. 
 
 The signatures of stockholders representing four 
 thousand seven hundred and two shares of stock, 
 equal to two hundred and thirty-five thousand one 
 hundred dollars of the capital, having been ob- 
 tained at various dates, from April 22d to May 6, 
 1865, a special meeting of the directors was held on 
 the 9th day of May, 1865, when the " articles of 
 association organization certificate" and "certifi- 
 cate to the Secretary of State of New Jersey " were 
 duly executed, and on the 16th day of May, 1865, 
 a majority of the directors were installed, and 
 elected John Gill president and Jesse Townsend 
 cashier, of the National Bank, and executed the 
 " certificate of oificers and directors." 
 
 On the 2d day of June the comptroller of the 
 currency issued to the bank his certificate of au- 
 thority to commence the business of banking under 
 the national law, since which time it has had a 
 very successful and prosperous history, being recog- 
 nized as one of the most substantial financial insti- 
 tutions in the State of New Jersey. 
 
 The bank was started in a small frame building 
 on the site of the present large, commodious and 
 conveniently arranged brick banking building, dur- 
 ing the erection of which the business was con- 
 ducted in a dwelling-house at the southeast corner 
 of Second and Cooper Streets. In 1875 the build- 
 ing was remodeled and enlarged to its present size 
 at a cost of thirty thousand dollars, including a 
 large vault, for which nine thousand dollars were 
 paid. 
 
 The following is a complete list of the officers of 
 this bank, with their terms of service and the names 
 
»>B*il^: t^ 
 
\ 
 
 ^^^^ 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN, 
 
 457 
 
 of all of the directors with the dates of their elec- 
 
 tion : 
 
 PRESIDENTS. 
 
 ■William Kuasell, June 16, 1812, to November 17, 1812. 
 James Sloan, Novenjber 17, 1812, to November 9, 1813. 
 Richard M. Cooper, November 9, 1813, to November 8, 1842. 
 John Gill, November 8, 1842, to December 4, 1884. 
 Israel Heulings, January 15, 1884. 
 
 CASHIERS. 
 
 Kichard M. Cooper, June 16, 1812, to November 9, 1813. 
 ■William Hillegas, November 9, 1813, to June 8, 1827. 
 Bobert "W. Ogden, June 8, 1827, to April 25, 1843. 
 Auley McAlla, May 2, 1843, to April 11, 1866. 
 Thomas Ackley, April 2, 1856, to April 10, 1863. 
 Jesse Townseud, April 27, 1863, to July 3, 1871. 
 Isaac C. Martindale, July 3, 1871, to February, 1885. 
 "Wilbur r. BoBe, February 2, 1885. 
 
 DIEECrORB. 
 
 1813. 
 
 1812. William Russell. 
 Henry Chew. 
 Kichard M. Cooper. 
 Thomas Jonea, Jr. 
 James Matlack. 
 Joseph Mcllvaiu. 
 Jacob Glover.' 
 Robert Newell. 
 Samuel C. Champion. 
 Maurice "Wurts. 
 John Coulter. 
 John Wagner. 
 James Sloan. 
 John Rogers. 
 Thomas Wright. 
 ■William Newbold. 
 John Ruck. 
 Samuel Spackman. 
 William Brown. 
 Joseph Rodgers. 
 E. Smith. 
 
 William Flinthian. 
 , William Potts. 
 Samuel Whitall. 
 Clement Acton. 
 James B. Caldwell, 
 Joseph Falkenbarge. 
 H. F. Hollinshead. 
 Joshua Humphreys. 
 James Matlack. 
 Th-mas Newbold. 
 Benjamin B. Howell. 
 Joshua Longstreth. 
 Benjamin Masden. 
 William Milner. 
 Samuel W, Harrison. 
 Isaac Wilkins. 
 Michael G. Fisher. 
 Isaac C. Jones. 
 Thomas Fa?sett. 
 
 1815. Joseph Lee. 
 
 1816. Joseph C, Swett. 
 H. F. Hullingshead. 
 Samuel L Howell. 
 John Stoddart. 
 Isaac Heulings. 
 John Gill. 
 Joseph Ogden. 
 Bowman Hendry. 
 Samuel C. Champion. 
 
 1821. James Saundera. 
 Joshua Lippincott. 
 
 1814. 
 
 1817. 
 
 1818. 
 
 1820. 
 
 1822. James liitchen. 
 
 1824. Nathaniel Potts. 
 
 1825. Joseph'w. Cooper. 
 1828. Thomas Dallett. 
 
 Charles Stokes. 
 
 1830. John Buck. 
 
 1831. Batian Cooper. 
 
 1832. Elijah Dallett, Jr. 
 Isaac Lawrence. 
 
 1833. James Lefevre. 
 James Good. 
 
 1834. Benjamin Jones. 
 
 1835. John 0. Boyd. 
 1837. John R. Perry. 
 
 1840. John N. Taylor. 
 
 1841. Robert K. Matlock. 
 
 1842. Samuel R. Lippincott. 
 
 1843. Joseph Porter. 
 Richard Fetters. 
 Charles C. Siratton. 
 Gillies Dallett. 
 
 1846. Jonathan J. Spencer, M.D. 
 Charles Reeves. 
 
 1847. John M. Kaighn. 
 1849. Samuel H. Jones. 
 
 1853. William P. Lawrence. 
 
 1854. Daniel B. Cummins. 
 
 1855. Richard Jones. 
 
 1857. Israel W. Heulings. 
 
 1858. Thomas W. Davis. 
 James W. Riddle. 
 John D. Tustin. 
 
 1861. Ephraim Tomlinson. 
 1863. Joseph Trimble. 
 
 John H. Stokes. 
 1866. William E, Lafferty. 
 
 Edward Settle. 
 1868. Charles Haines. 
 
 1870. Joel P. Kirkbride. 
 
 1871. William Stiles. 
 
 1872. Williani H. Gill. 
 
 1873. Joshua W. Lippincott. 
 
 1874. Benjamin F. Archer, 
 John S. Bispham. 
 Emmor Roberts. 
 
 1876. Alden C. Scovel. 
 
 William Watson. 
 1879, Heulings Lippincott. 
 1882. Edward Dudley. 
 1886. Simeon J. Ringel. 
 
 John Gill. 
 
 John T. Bottomloy. 
 
 The following-named persons compose the 
 board of directors of this institution for the year 
 
 1886: 
 
 Israel W. Heulings. 
 Thomas W. Davis. 
 Edward Bettle. 
 Joel P. Kirkbride. 
 Joshua W. Lippincott. 
 Benjamin F. Archer. 
 John S. Bispham. 
 
 Eramor Roberts. 
 William Watson. 
 Heulings Lippincott. 
 Edward Dudley. 
 John Gill. 
 John T. Bottomley. 
 
 The following is the present clerical force : 
 
 Edward C. Webster Paying Teller at Bank 
 
 Goldson Test Paying Teller at Philadelphia Office 
 
 N. F. Cowan Receiving Teller at Bank 
 
 William Brad way Receiving Teller at Philadelphia OflBce 
 
 A. J. String Note Clerk 
 
 Joseph B. Johnson General Book-keeper 
 
 A. B. Porter Discount Clerk 
 
 John T. Frazee Assistant Receiving Teller 
 
 H. M. Heulings „ Book-keeper 
 
 Alonzo Wood " 
 
 H. B. Lippincott ** 
 
 D.J. DuBoie '* 
 
 William 0. Wolcott General Assistant 
 
 R. C. Markley , Con-eeponding Clerk 
 
 A. D. Ambruster General Assistant- 
 Joseph H. Shinn Runner 
 
 D.M.Davis, M.D Trust Officer 
 
 James R. Caldwell ...Notary 
 
 The following is the report of the condition of 
 the National State Bank of Camden, N. J., at the 
 close of business October 7, 1886: 
 
 Resources : 
 
 Loans and Discounts and Real Estate $1,924,611.93 
 
 United States Bonds to secure Circulation 260,000.00 
 
 Due from other National Banks 166,074.57 
 
 Current Expenses and Taxes paid 371.35 
 
 Cash Reserve 348,575.00 
 
 LiabUUies : 
 
 82,699,632.85 
 
 Capital Stock $260,000.00 
 
 Surplus and Undivided Profits 312,961.47 
 
 Circulation 234,000.00 
 
 Deposits - 1,892,671.38 
 
 $2,699,632.85 
 W. F. Rose, Cashier. 
 
 Richard Matlack Cooper, banker, legislator 
 and judge, was born in the village of Coopers Fer- 
 ries (now Camden), Old Gloucester County, Febru- 
 ary 29, 1768. He derived his descent, in the fifth 
 and sixth degrees, from the families of Cooper, of 
 Pyne Point, Medcalf, of Gloucester, West, of 
 Philadelphia, Parsons, of Frankford, Matlack, of 
 Waterford, Hancock, of Pensaukin, Wood, of 
 Waterford, and Kay, of Newton. The emigrant 
 ancestors of these families were, without excep- 
 tion, all disciples of Fox, fellow-adventurers with 
 Penn, and settled and established themselves in 
 West Jersey and Pennsylvania, in the last quarter 
 of the seventeenth century. 
 
 Judge Cooper was liberally educated and inher- 
 ited a large landed estate. On May 4, 1798, he 
 
458 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 married Mary Cooper, the daughter of Samuel and 
 Prudence (Brown) Cooper, of Coopers Point, thus 
 uniting the older and younger branches of the 
 family. His social position, wealth and high per- 
 sonal character brought him early into the politi- 
 cal field, and he was a successful candidate in sev- 
 eral elections for the Legislative Council of New 
 Jersey. He sat many terms in the State General 
 Assembly, and was also elected State Senator. In 
 1813 he became president of the State Bank at Cam- 
 den, then recently chartered, and held that position, 
 by continuous annual elections, until a re-election 
 was declined by him in 1842, — the institution, mean- 
 while, proving itself one of the most prosperous in 
 the State. In 1829 he was sent as representative to 
 the National Congress, and he again filled that 
 high position in 1831. For niany years he served 
 as presiding judge of the Gloucester County 
 courts, and at various times filled other minor 
 local positions of trust and honor, securing, in 
 every station, the confidence of all classes by his 
 good judgment, integrity and amiable deportment. 
 He was a member of the Newton Meeting of 
 Friends. . He died March 10, 1844. 
 
 JoHif Gill was the son of John and Anne 
 (Smith) Gill, both of whom could trace their line- 
 age to the first English settlers in the province, 
 and some of whom were leading and infiuential 
 citizens. He was born July 9, 1795. Reared on 
 the homestead plantation as a farmer and fond of 
 his occupation, he was always seeking for improve- 
 ment in the means to increase the yield of the soil 
 and lessen labor by the application of machinery. 
 
 "The earth always responds to the liberality of 
 the husbandman is a maxim that can be relied 
 upon," he would often repeat. In his younger 
 days, and when the primitive forests extended 
 quite from the ocean to the river, he was fond of 
 hunting deer and chasing foxes. Being a good 
 horseman and generally well mounted, he was but 
 seldom " thrown out " and went home without see- 
 ing the close. The Gloucester Hunting Club gave 
 him and his associates opportunity to show their 
 prowess and knowledge of woodcraft, and they 
 often led the city gentlemen where the latter hesi- 
 tated to follow. 
 
 The advantage of the country riders over the 
 members of the club was, that they knew the lay 
 of the country, the courses of the streams and the 
 outcome of the woods roads, which saved their 
 horses in the chase and kept them near the 
 hounds. Sometimes the fix would "go away " in 
 a straight line for many miles, gradually shaking 
 off his pursuers until only the toughest dogs and 
 best horses would be left on the trail, and when 
 
 sundown would force a return which went far into 
 the night. Many of those events John Gill would 
 recount when surrounded by his friends, and tell 
 of his own mishaps as well as of those who ven- 
 tured but the once in this manly sport. 
 
 John Gill lived in one of the most interesting 
 and progressive eras of his native State. His early 
 manhood was before agriculture or internal im- 
 provements had received much attention. If an 
 individual had stepped out of the beaten track or 
 adopted any new line of thought, which, when ap- 
 plied, might prove advantageous, he was regarded 
 as visionary. The use of fertilizers and the appli- 
 cation of steam grew up under his notice, and 
 both developed into mighty powers before he died. 
 He never tired of comparing the condition of 
 the country and people of early times with the 
 improvement and benefits to both at this day 
 Occasionally public enterprise outstripped his 
 judgment ; yet, when convinced of its feasibility, 
 he would frankly acknowledge his error of 
 opinion and concede the merit where it was due. 
 
 Although not a politician, he took an interest in 
 the affairs of the State and nation, and at different 
 times represented the people in the State Legis- 
 lature. Upon the death of his father, in 1839, he 
 removed from his plantation to Haddonfield, 
 where he lived the remainder of his life. 
 
 In 1842 he was elected president of the State 
 Bank at Camden, an institution he lived to see 
 take its place among the first in the country. He 
 was always regarded as the friend of the small bor- 
 rower, especially if he be a farmer and needed as- 
 sistance until his crops could be harvested. 
 
 To the manners of a gentleman was united a 
 sympathetic heart, thus insuring to those who had 
 business with him a readiness to render them any 
 service which was in his power. A reliable friend, 
 a thorough business man, an influential citizen and 
 a person of enlarged and benevolent views, he was 
 beloved and respected wherever known. He re- 
 mained at the head of the bank until the infirmi- 
 ties of age prevented his attendance upon the 
 duties of president, and much longer, through the 
 persuasion of his friends, than he deemed proper 
 he should fill so responsible a place. The compli- 
 mentary resolutions passed by the board of direc- 
 tors of the bank, upon his retirement, which were 
 engrossed and presented to him, show the regard 
 his associates bore towards him and his extended 
 usefulne.-s in that institution. In his old age he 
 sufiered much from a complication of diseases,, and 
 died December 4, 1884. 
 
 Mr. Gill was married to Sarah Hopkins, of Had- 
 donfield. They had four children, — Rebecca M., 
 
<lc^ 
 
c:7l'''^A'{.^a^ U.C/, 
 
 a- '^o^iJuM^.UB-'tr^ 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 459 
 
 who became the wife of Samuel S. Willits ; Anna 
 S. ; John Gill, Jr., who has always resided on the 
 homestead farm and is a director in the National 
 State Bank of Camden, and William H. Gill, a 
 merchant in Philadelphia. 
 
 Israel W. Heulings, president of the National 
 State Bank, has long been identified with the in- 
 stitution, and is widely known in the business 
 circles of Camden City and County, though he is 
 a resident of Burlington County. The family is 
 one of the oldest in West Jersey. His ancestors 
 were from England, and his great-grandfather, 
 William Heulings, with three brothers, were the 
 first representatives of the family in this county. 
 All located within or near the boundaries of what 
 is now Burlington County. William's son Abra- 
 ham had a son Isaac, who was the father of our 
 subject. He married Susan W. Woodward, and 
 from this union Israel W. was born in Chester 
 township, Burlington County, December 24, 1810. 
 
 The youth and early manhnod of Israel W. 
 Heulings were spent upon the farm which was 
 the family homestead.- and after the death of his 
 parents, when he was thirty-two years of age, he 
 leaving the farm to his brother, removed to 
 Moorestown, and there engaged in the coal and 
 lumber business, which he followed until its trans- 
 fer to his sons. 
 
 His first identification with the bank of which 
 he is now the head came about in 1842, when he 
 took the stock which his father had formerly 
 owned. He was made a director in 1847, and 
 elected president on January 15, 1884, his asso- 
 ciates being convinced through long acquaintance 
 of his eminent fitness for that responsible position. 
 He has ever been regarded as a careful, conserva- 
 tive, thorough man of business, possessing absolute 
 integrity. 
 
 In politics he is and has always been a Kepubli- 
 can, and, although not an office-seeker, the people 
 of his party in Burlington County, in recognition 
 of his pure character, sound common sense and 
 business sagacity, during the war period elected 
 him to the Legislature. He served with entire 
 satisfaction to his constituents and credit to him- 
 self through the sessions of 1863, '64 and '65. 
 
 Mr. Heulings, although a religious man, is not 
 a member of any church. His mother was a mem- 
 ber of the Society of Friends, and his father of the 
 Episcopal Church, and it may, perhaps, not be 
 amiss to say that the son's religious views contain 
 something of the characteristics of each of these 
 bodies, while not conforming to either. 
 
 Mr. Heulings was married, November 10, 1886, 
 to Sarah M., daughter of William and Sarah 
 
 Hornor, born in Pemberton, N. J., in 1814. Six 
 children have been born to them, of whom five 
 are living. Susan W. was the eldest, and next, in 
 the order named, were three sons,— William H., 
 Albert C. and Isaac W., the last named of whom 
 was for several years a practitioner of medicine at 
 Haddonfield, before engaging with his brothers in 
 the coal and lumber business which their father 
 transferred to them, and of which the headquarters 
 are at Moorestown, Riverton and Hartford. Emily 
 J., youngest daughter of Israel W. and Sarah M. 
 Heulings, is the wife of Dr. William Chamberlain, 
 of Mount Holly, and Henry C. died in infancy. 
 
 Joseph W. Coopee, who served nearly half a 
 century as one of the directors of the State Bank, 
 was born in the Cooper mansion, at the foot of 
 State Street, Camden, in the year 1799, and died 
 October 2, 1871. He was the second son of Wil- 
 liam and Eebecca (Wills) Cooper. Before he 
 became of age he went to live with his great- 
 uncle, Joseph Cooper, then residing in the old 
 Cooper mansion built in 1734, and now standing 
 at the corner of Point and Erie Streets. He 
 assisted his uncle to attend to the duties of the 
 farm, which is now covered by much of the at- 
 tractively built-up portion of North Camden. In 
 the year 1818, at the death of his uncle, who had 
 no children, Joseph W. Cooper became chief heir 
 to his large estate, including the valuable lands 
 near the Coopers Point Ferry, north of the Cam- 
 den and Atlantic Eailroad and west of Sixth 
 Street, and a part of the original survey to Wil- 
 liam Cooper, the emigrant, in 1680. He con- 
 tinued his occupation of a farmer after the death 
 of his uncle, was married to Rebecca F. Cham- 
 pion, and resided in the house built in 1734 until 
 1855, when he erected the elegant mansion on 
 State Street, now owned and occupied by his son, 
 Samuel C. Cooper. In 1849 he became one of the 
 principal stockholders of the Coopers Point Ferry, 
 and conducted it until 1854, when it was sold to 
 the Camden and Atlantic Railroad Company; but 
 the next year again became the chief owner of the 
 same ferry. In 1856 he formed a stock company 
 and, with himself as president, managed the ferry 
 until the time of his death, in 1871. 
 
 Mr. Cooper was actively interested in the 
 municipal affairs of Camden, being elected alder- 
 man, by virtue of which he became one of the 
 first Councilmen of Camden in 1828, and served 
 almost continuously as a member of the City 
 Council for twenty years. He was for a time 
 president of the Camden and Atlantic Railroad 
 and served many years as a director. During the 
 years 1836-37-38 he was a member of the Legislature 
 
460 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEESEY. 
 
 of New Jersey. He was elected a director of the 
 State Bank of Camden in 1825, and served con- 
 tinuously until the time of his death, in 1871. 
 Mr. Cooper possessed many sterling quiilities of 
 mind and heart, and was universally respected and 
 esteemed by the community in which he resided. 
 
 Joshua Lippincott, who, for many years was 
 one of the prominent directors of the National 
 State Bank of Camden, is a lineal descendant 
 of Richard Lippincott, the founder of the Lip- 
 pincott family in America. Samuel Lippincott, 
 the grandfather of the subject of this sketch, was 
 a prosperous farmer and a native of Chester town- 
 ship, Burlington County, New Jersey. He was mar- 
 ried to Priscilla Briant, by whom he had thirteen 
 children ; of this number, six sons lived to an ad- 
 vanced age. Joshua Lippincott, the eldest of these 
 sons, was born on the 18th of March, 1776, and 
 became a prosperous farmer, owning and cul- 
 tivating with great success the farm previously the 
 property of his paternal ancestors. He gave up 
 this occupation whileyetin middle life andremoved 
 to the city of Philadelphia, where he spent the 
 remainder of his life in retirement and died, in 
 1855, at the advanced age of seventy-nine years. 
 By his marriage with Mary Roberts, of Burlington 
 County, he had four children, who grew to an adult 
 age. Samuel R. Lippincott, the eldest child, suc- 
 ceeded in the ownership of the paternal homestead, 
 on which he resided until the time of his death, 
 at the age of seventy-six ; Hannah, the only daugh- 
 ter, died in her seventy-eighth year ; George, the 
 youngest, came to Philadelphia when eighteen 
 years old and engaged in mercantile business until 
 his death, in 1861 ; Joshua Lippincott, the second 
 son, and the only member of this family who sur- 
 vives, was born in Burlington County Decem- 
 ber 4th, 1807. He obtained his education in the 
 schools of Westfield, and spent one session at a 
 school at Moorestown. After leaving school, and 
 when but eighteen years old, he came to Philadel- 
 phia, and the four succeeding years was employed 
 as a clerk in a grocery store. He then entered into 
 copartnership in the dry goods business in the same 
 city with his cousin, Samuel Parry, under the firm- 
 name of Lippincott & Parry. Their store, for sev- 
 enteen years, was on Second Street, above Arch, 
 and, at the expiration of that time, was moved to 
 the southwest corner of Market Street and there 
 continued until 1862, the two men being thus 
 associated in a successful business for thirty-three 
 years, during which long period they never had a 
 written agreement with each other. They were 
 engaged most of this time in the sale of cloths and 
 cassimeres. 
 
 Joshua Lippincott was married, in 1833, to Mar- 
 tha H. Sleeper, daughter of Jonathan Sleeper, a 
 merchant, then doing business on Second Street, 
 Philadelphia. She died about three years after 
 their marriage. 
 
 His second marriage was with Elizabeth White, 
 daughter of Joseph White, a merchant, on Market 
 Street, Philadelphia. She died in 1878. Howard 
 W. Lippincott, their only child, was born in 1855, 
 and is now a stock-broker in his native city. 
 
 Thomas Wilkins Davis, of Philadelphia, 
 and for many years a director in the National 
 State Baiik of Camden, is a lineal descendant, 
 in the fifth generation, of John Davis, who 
 emigrated from Wales and first settled on Long 
 Island. John Davis was a devoted and consistent 
 member of the Society of Friends, to whose reli- 
 gious faith most of his numerous descendants in 
 this country are adherents. His wife (Dorothea 
 Hogbin) was an Englishwoman of large fortune. 
 In 1705 they migrated to Salem County, New Jer- 
 sey, and settled near the site of Woodstown, 
 whence some of their c hildren had located before 
 theni. At that place he died at the advanced age 
 of one hundred years, leaving eight children. 
 David Davis, the third son, was ajustice of the 
 peace, one of the judges of the courts of Salem 
 County for a number of years, and in 1725 was one 
 of the four Friends who organized the Pilesgrove 
 Meeting. He owned and lived on a large tract of 
 land, on which he built a commodious brick house, 
 which is still standing. In it he lived until his 
 death, at the age of sixty years. His wife (Doro- 
 thea Cousins, a native of England) survived him 
 to the age of ninety-six years. They had seven 
 children, of whom Jacob, born Fourth Month 
 22, 1734, was the youngest. He was married. Fifth 
 Month 21, 1761, at Woodstown, to Esther Wil. 
 kins, by whom he had seven children. He was a 
 man of pure and unblemished character and high- 
 ly respected in the community in which he lived 
 at the time of his death, in 1820, at the age of 
 eighty-six years. Thomas Davis, the father of 
 Thomas W. Davis and third son of Jacob and Es- 
 ther (Wilkins) Davis, was born Third Month 13, 
 1768, in Salem County, N. J. In 1796 he was 
 married to Esther Ogden, daughter of Samuel and 
 Mary Ann Ogden, and resided near Swedesboro', 
 Gloucester County. 
 
 The grandfather and father of the present 
 Thomas Wilkins Davis kept a general country 
 store in the now borough of Woodstown, Salem 
 County, the subject of this sketch remaining with 
 his father from youth to manhood and having the 
 active supervision and control of the business for 
 
<:^^^^//y^:^!^,^c^^ 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 461 
 
 several years preceding the retirement of his 
 father, which took place in 1832. In that year 
 Mr. Davis came to Philadelphia and entered the 
 dry-goods jobbing trade on Market Street, between 
 Second and Third Streets, and so continued with 
 varying success, but with the confidence and 
 friendship of all the leading merchants up to 1868, 
 at which date, through close application to busi- 
 ness, he had acquired a large trade and had become 
 the senior partner of the then well-known and 
 highly respected house of Davis, Kempton & Co. 
 He then withdrew from the firm, altogether retir- 
 ing from active business, and devoting his leisure 
 and a fair share of his means to the care of friends 
 and others whose circumstances rendered such aid 
 desirable, in this way disposing of a considerable 
 part of the rewards which had come to him for 
 years of unremitting labor. 
 
 Mr. Davis was married, in 1834, to Phoebe S. 
 Townsend, daughter of Joseph and Esther Town- 
 send, of Baltimore, Md. His married life ex- 
 tended over forty- five years, Mrs. Davis dying in 
 1879, and having but one son surviving, Henry 
 Wilkins Davis, who, in 1875, married Elizabeth U., 
 daughter of William A. and Hannah R. Allen, of 
 New York. 
 
 The only financial institution other than the 
 National State Bank of Camden, with which Mr. 
 Davis has been closely identified, is the Penn 
 Mutual Life Insurance Company of Philadelphia, 
 of which he has been a trustee for upwards of 
 twenty- five years. In this capacity he has borne 
 an active share of the labors and responsibilities of 
 its business and his counsel has at all times been 
 influential in aiding its progress and maintaining 
 its unquestioned reputation as a sound company. 
 
 Wilbur F. Rose, the present cashier of the 
 National State Bank, was born in Tuckerton, 
 Burlington County, New Jersey, February 11, 1838. 
 At the age of four years he removed to Phila- 
 delphia and obtained a preparatory education in 
 the schools of that city, and graduated from the 
 Central High School. Soon after his graduation 
 he entered a broker's office on Third Street, and 
 in 1854 was elected a clerk in the Bank of Penn- 
 sylvania, of the same city. In 1862 he was called 
 to aposition in the National State Bank of Camden. 
 By reason of his intelligence, long experience and 
 special fitness for the business of banking, he was 
 promoted from time to time, until, in recognition 
 of his merits and abilty as a financier, he was 
 elected cashier of that institution February 2, 
 1885, which position he now very ably and ac- 
 ceptably fills. 
 
 In addition to his business as a banker he 
 55 
 
 has taken an active interest in the growth and 
 development of the city of Camden. He repre- 
 sented the Second Ward, of which he is a resident, 
 in the City Council for one term of three years, 
 being elected by the Republican party, and made 
 an efficient member. During his term as Council- 
 man he was chairman of the finance committee, 
 and illustrated his usefulness as well as his ability 
 as a financier, by funding the floating debt of the 
 city, and abolishing the order system and estab- 
 lishing the present plan of cash payments. 
 
 Mr. Rose was chosen a director in the West 
 Jersey Ferry Company in 1885, and is now a 
 member of the board. He was elected a member 
 of the Street Railway Company in 1874, and since 
 1883 has been secretary of the company. He is 
 one of the charter members of Trimble Lodge, No. 
 117, Free and Accepted Masons, and has taken all 
 the degrees of that order up to and including the 
 thirty-second degree. He has taken an active inter- 
 est in the religious and moral welfare of Camden ; 
 served as president of the Young Men's Christian 
 Association of this city from 1881 to 1885, inclu- 
 sive; was for a time superintendent of the Sunday- 
 school connected with Centenary Methodist Epis- 
 copal Church, of which he is a member and a 
 trustee. 
 
 Mr. Rose was married, in 1869, to Mary C. 
 Whitlock, daughter of Friend Whitlock, Esq., a re- 
 tired lumber merchant. They havetwo daughters, — 
 Elsie and Mary. 
 
 The Fabmees and Mechanics Bank of Cam- 
 den was originated in the year 1855. After a few 
 years existence it obtained a change in its charter, 
 and, under the authority of the United States gov- 
 ernment, became the First National Bank of Cam- 
 den, now well known as one of the most prosperous 
 financial institutions in West Jersey. An act of 
 the Senate and General Assembly, approved 
 March 31, 1855, empowered Charles Kaighn, 
 Cooper P. Browning, Albert W. Markley, Abraham 
 Browning, Samuel J. Bayard and their associates 
 to engage in the general banking business. The 
 capital stock of the institution was made three 
 hundred thousand dollars, with a paid-in capital 
 of one hundred thousand dollars in shares of one 
 hundred dollars each. After the stock was sub-: 
 scribed and the necessary preliminary steps were 
 taken, the following-named persons, on July 16, 
 1855, were elected as the first Board of Directors: 
 Albert W. Markley, Abraham Browning, Richard 
 W. Howell, Charles S. Garrett, Maurice Browning, 
 William P. Tatem, Benjamin P. Sisty, Nathaniel 
 N. Stokes, Ezra Evans, Benjamin Shreve, George 
 Haywood, Cooper P. Browning and William Busby. 
 
462 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 On the same day the board elected Albert W. 
 Markley president, and David R. Maddock cash- 
 ier. The lot on the southeast corner of Front 
 Street and Market was purchased by the Board 
 of Directors, and, on September 2, 1855, they en- 
 tered into a contract with Charles Wilson to erect 
 a banking-house on this lot, at a cost of eighteen 
 thousand dollars. Before the completion of this buil- 
 ding, a temporary office was secured on Market St., 
 near Third, and on January 2, 1856, the bank was 
 opened for business. James H. Stevens was elected 
 teller ; William Wright, book-keeper ; Philip J. 
 Grey, notary public ; and Hugh H. Bates, runner 
 and watchman. Nathaniel N. Stokes was elected 
 president April 14, 1857, and Benjamin P. Sisty 
 cashier on the 22d of the same month. On April 
 21, 1858, James H. Stevens was elected cashier. 
 This institution, as the Farmers and Mechanics 
 Bank of Camden, continued business as a bank of 
 issue, under the State system, with varying suc- 
 cess, until after the passage of the act of Congress, 
 creating the present national banking system, soon 
 after which event it fulfilled the requirements and 
 accepted the privileges of the new system, and 
 has since met with unabated prosperity as 
 
 The First National Bank op Camden. — 
 The Congress of the United States, in order toper- 
 feet the system of national finances, passed an aot 
 which was approved by President Lincoln, Febru- 
 ary 25, 1863, "to provide a national currency, 
 secured by a pledge of United States bonds, and 
 provide for the circulation and redemption there- 
 of." Kecognizing the superiority of the national 
 system, in contrast with the State system, the di- 
 rectors of the Farmers and Mechanics Bank of 
 Camden, together with other enterprising citizens 
 and financiers of the county and city, organized 
 themselves into an association and resolved to ac- 
 cept the provisions of this act by having the insti- 
 tution changed into a national bank. The signa- 
 tures of stockholders, representing a capital of two 
 hundred thousand dollars, were obtained by the 
 16th of April, 1864; articles of association were 
 then prepared and signed by John F. Starr, N. N. 
 Stokes, Maurice Browning, Jonas Livermore 
 George L. Gillingham, Clayton Lippincott, and 
 John F. Bodine. The gentleman just named, to- 
 gether with William T. McCallister, became the 
 first Board of Directors and Peter L. Voorhees 
 solicitor. On April 30, 1864, the comptroller 
 of the currency issued his certificate of author- 
 ity to this Board of Directors to commence the 
 business of banking under the national law, as 
 " The First National Bank of Camden." N. N. 
 Stokes was elected president, and James H. Stev- 
 
 ens, cashier. On July 6, 1864, Jonas Livermore 
 was chosen president to succeed N. N. Stokes, who 
 resigned, and on Thursday, September 1, 1864, the 
 institution commenced business as a national 
 bank. Hon. John F. Starr was elected president 
 April 7, 1875, and has since continued to hold that 
 responsible position. The first report of the bank 
 to the comptroller of the currency, under the pres- 
 idency of Mr. Starr, was made June 30, 1875. The 
 individual deposits then were $167,802.60, and the 
 undivided profits $29,979.58. The report to the 
 same authority, on October 7, 1886, showed the in- 
 dividual deposits to be $618,448.88, and the undi- 
 vided profits $111,974.47. These figures .clearly 
 show the substantial prosperity of this institution 
 and the success of its management. On April 17, 
 1875, C. C. Reeves was chosen cashier to succeed 
 James H. Stevens, who resigned. Watson Depuy, 
 the present efficient cashier, was elected assistant 
 cashier October 14, 1876, and on January 8, 1878, 
 succeeded Mr. Reeves as cashier. Jonas Liver- 
 more was elected vice-president January 9, 1883, 
 a position which he continues to hold. William 
 S. McCallister died January 13, 1868, and D. T. 
 Gage was elected director to fill the vacancy. E. 
 E. Read was elected January 9, 1875, in place of 
 C. A. Sparks. 
 
 On January 11, 1876, the Board of Directors was 
 increased from nine to thirteen members by the 
 election of Henry Fredericks (elected to fill the 
 vacancy caused by the death of N. N. Stokes), 
 Charles Stockham, Genge Browning, M. A. Fur- 
 bush and John 8. Read. March 4, 1876, Rene 
 Guillou was elected in place of Genge Browning. 
 January 9, 1877, John A. J. Sheets was elected a 
 director to fill the vacancy caused by the resigna- 
 tion of John S.Read, December 11, 1880. William J. 
 Evans was appointed a director to fill the vacancy 
 caused by the death of George L. Gillingham, 
 November 28, 1883, John F. Starr, Jr., was ap- 
 pointed to flu the vacancy caused by the resigna- 
 tion of Rene Guillou, and Clayton Conrow to fill 
 that caused by the death of John F. Bodine. De- 
 cember 19, 1885, Alfred W. Clement, of Haddon- 
 fleld, was elected to fill the vacancy caused by the 
 resignation of Maurice Browning. 
 
 The following members compose the present 
 Board of Directors : John F. Starr, Jonas Liver- 
 more, D. T. Gage, Clayton Lippincott, Edmund E. 
 Read, Henry Fredericks, Charles Stockham, M. A. 
 Furbush, J. A. J. Sheets, William J. Evans, Clay- 
 ton Conrow, John F. Starr, Jr., and Alfred W. 
 Clement. Peter L. Voorhees, solicitor ; Samuel T. 
 Davison is paying-teller of this bank ; Thomas S. 
 Nekervis, agent at the Philadelphia office; Harry 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 463 
 
 T. Nekervis, receiving-teller ; Sanford Livermore, 
 book-keeper ; William S. Jones, general assistant ; 
 John J. Pierson, messenger; and Francis N. Guise, 
 watchman. 
 
 The office at No. 216 Market Street, Philadel- 
 phia, was opened on May 24, 1875, and has since 
 that date been connected with this bank as a part 
 of its business interests. 
 
 John F. Starr .^ was born in Philadelphia in 
 1818 of Quaker parentage, who were descendants 
 of members of the Society of Friends of the same 
 name, who settled in America as early as 1710. 
 He received a limited education in Friends' school, 
 and at the age of fifteen years he went to learn 
 his trade in the steam boiler-works of his father 
 and older brother where he was fitted for the 
 successful business career which followed. In 
 1840 he became associated with his father and 
 brother in the business and so continued until 
 about 1843. In 1845 Mr. Starr removed to Cam- 
 den, N. J., where, in 1846, he built an iron foun- 
 dry on Bridge Avenue for the manufacture of gas 
 machinery, street mains and other castings. These 
 works he named the " Camden Iron Works." The 
 year following, he and his brother Jesse again en- 
 tered into copartnership. Finding their works on 
 Bridge Avenue too limited for their rapidly-grow- 
 ing business, they bought the land and removed 
 their plant to its present location on Cooper's 
 Creek. The Camden Iron Works were so enlarged 
 by important additions from time to time that they 
 became, through the energy and enterprise of the 
 firm, the largest works of the kind in the country, 
 and enabled the Messrs. Starr to establish 
 an extensive and lucrative business by erecting the 
 gas-works and supplying the gas machinery for 
 most of the large cities in the United States as 
 well as in Canada. In the prosecution of their 
 business the services of from eight hundred to 
 twelve hundred men were required. These works 
 gave a new life to the prosperity of Camden and 
 their erection did more to attract attention to Cam- 
 den as a manufacturing centre than all its other 
 industries combined, and their influence had a 
 marked and beneficial character upon the material 
 interests of the city for years. 
 
 In 1860, when the Camden Iron Works were in 
 the full tide of successful operation, the firing up- 
 on Fort Sumter aroused the country, and scores of 
 the workmen of Jesse W. & John F. Starr left to 
 battle with treason. Here was a supreme oppor- 
 tunity for the firm and they embraced it. The 
 wives and children of those who were at the front 
 
 1 By Sjnnic'caon Chew. 
 
 were bountifully cared for by the firm, who in this 
 and in other ways contributed thousands of dol- 
 lars for every worthy object looking to the sup- 
 pression of the Rebellion. 
 
 In 1862 Mr. Starr was elected to represent the 
 First District in the Thirty-eighth Congress of 
 the United States, and he was again elected in 
 1864. Mr. Starr entered Congress during the most 
 critical and eventful period in the nation's history. 
 The most gigantic rebellion the world ever saw 
 was gathering strength to establish a rival govern- 
 ment, the corner-stone of which, as declared by 
 its projectors, was to be human slavery, and there 
 never was an hour in his Congressional career 
 when he did not aid, by his influence and vote, 
 every measure calculated to place the country in 
 a position to successfully confront and overcome 
 its foes. Courageous and unflinching, he did not 
 stop to dally with subjects of minor importance 
 so long as the lite of the republic hung in the 
 balance. He discharged faithfully every duty 
 imposed upon him as a legislator and has a record- 
 worthy of the State and the people. While a 
 member of Congress, Mr. Starr served upon the' 
 committee on manufactures, committee on terri- 
 tories, committee on public buildings and grounds' 
 and was also a member of several special commit- 
 tees. He had the privilege and proud satisfaction 
 of supporting every measure looking to a vigorous 
 prosecution of the war against rebellion, as well as 
 the distinguished honor of being the only mem- 
 ber of the House from New Jersey who voted for 
 the amendment to the Constitution abolishing sla- 
 very in the United States, and for all the legisla- 
 tion required to give force and effect to that amend- 
 ment. He was an ardent supporter of the national 
 banking system and scrupulously maintained the 
 credit of the nation. His successors have donef 
 well, but circumstances enabled Mr. Starr to do 
 more for the perpetuity of the nation and free in- 
 stitutions than those who have followed him. 
 
 In 1864 Mr. Starr was elected a director of " The 
 Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank of Camden," which' 
 was soon after changed, by virtue of the National 
 Banking Law, to " The First National Bank of 
 Camden," and of which he has been a director 
 since its organization. He was elected president 
 of the board of directors in 1875, which ofiice he 
 now holds (1886). 
 
 In 1870 Mr. Starr disposed of his interest in and 
 severed his connection with the Camden Iron 
 Works, and has not been engaged in any continu- 
 ous business since that time, but he has kept a 
 watchful eye on the busy world and loaned his in- 
 fluence and material aid on frequent occasions to- 
 
iU 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 projects of pith and moment affecting this peo- 
 ple. During his residence in Camden he has been 
 and still is a director of the West Jersey Ferry- 
 Company, having served in that capacity for more 
 than twenty years, during which time he gave the 
 company the benefit of his wise counsel and wide 
 business experience. He also served as a director 
 of the Camden and Atlantic Railroad for several 
 years, advancing from time to time his private 
 funds to make improvements for the better conduct 
 of its business, and through which it was enabled 
 to multiply its facilities and give a new impetus to 
 Atlantic City. 
 
 He took an active part in the organization of, 
 and was treasurer and director of, the first building 
 and loan association established in Camden. 
 
 Mr. Starr has ever held to the motto that it is 
 not enough to help his fellow-man up, but to sus- 
 tain him after, and never through his long resi- 
 dence in Camden has his purse been closed or his 
 ear deaf to the cause of the unfortunate and help- 
 less, as has been seen by his many and liberal gifts 
 to the churches, and the benevolent institutions, 
 in hundreds of instances as opportunities were af- 
 forded him. For these and other kindred acts he 
 needs no other reward than an approving con- 
 science. 
 
 Watson Depuy, the present cashier of the 
 First National Bank, has been engaged in the 
 banking business since 1857. He was born in 
 Philadelphia, February 6, 1834, and is the son of 
 J. Steiyart Depuy, for many years a merchant of 
 that city. He attended the public schools of 
 Philadelphia, and completed his education in the 
 Friends' Central High School. In the year 1857 
 he was given the position of book-keeper in the 
 Commonwealth Bank, of Philadelphia, and, a few 
 years later, was elected assistant cashier of the 
 same institution, and continued there until 1872, 
 when he was elected and served for three years as 
 cashier of the old State Bank, of Philadelphia, 
 then on the corner of Strawberry and Market 
 Streets, which institution paid off its depositors 
 May 24, 1875 and retired from business. In 1785 
 Mr. Depuy came to Camden as general assistant 
 in the First National Bank, and on October 11, 
 1876, the Board of Directoi-s elected him assistant 
 cashier, and on the 8th of May 1878, he was elec- 
 ted cashier, which position he has since held with 
 great acceptability to the authorities of that insti- 
 tution and its patrons. 
 
 Jonas Liveemoee. — There came to Massa- 
 chusetts in the early partof the seventeenth century 
 settlers named Livermore. They chose Worcester 
 County for their home and made their impress on 
 
 the county and State. From them sprang the 
 various branches found in the East and West. In 
 Maine, as well as in Pennsylvania and California, 
 the towns bearing their names were so called for 
 them, and one of the family, a civil engineer by 
 profession, was closely identified in building the 
 canals running through Pennsylvania. In the 
 Revolution they were known for their activity in 
 the service of the colonies and for their liberal 
 support of the government by their means. 
 
 Jonas Livermore was born in Leicester, Mass., 
 about 1730. He was one of its prominent citizens 
 and a builder of repute. There were eight chil- 
 dren in his family — Jonas, Salem, Daniel (father 
 of present Jonas) and five daughters, one of whom, 
 Sarah, was married to Wm. Upham, of Vermont, 
 and the mother of Wm. Upham, who was State's 
 attorney and afterwards became United States 
 Senator, dying in Washington during his term of 
 office. Daniel was married to Elizabeth Parker, 
 of Leicester, Mass., daughter of Thos. Parker, by 
 whom he had eight children — Jonas, Lewis, Hor- 
 ace, Daniel, Eliza, Cimentha, Mary and Dianetha. 
 Lewis came to New Jersey and was connected with 
 Jonas in the manufacture of woolens at Black- 
 wood until his death. Horace died young. Daniel 
 became a prominent minister in the Universalist 
 Church in Massachusetts and at present resides at 
 Melrose. He was at one time editor and publisher 
 of the New Covenant at Chicago, and was 
 distinguished for his learning and strength of 
 character. He was married to Mary A. Rice, of 
 Boston, now so widely known, loved and respected 
 as " Mary A. Livermore." Her devotion to the 
 soldiers in the field, her unceasing labors in their 
 behalf, her connection with the " Sanitary Com- 
 mission Fair," in Chicago, will always be remem- 
 bered, and to-day she stands as one of the foremost 
 and ablest lecturers in the country. 
 
 Jonas Livermore was born in Leicester, Mass., 
 in 1802 and became early engaged in woolen manu- 
 facture. In 1830 he removed to Blackwood, N. J., 
 and, in connection with Garrett Newkirk, estab- 
 lished the " Good In'ent Woolen-Mills," managing 
 them successfully for thirty years. In 1858 he was 
 chosen a director of the Farmers' and Mech anics' 
 Bank, of Camden, N. J. During that time, with 
 rare foresight, he with others so shaped the policy 
 of the old bank that in 1864, it became the First 
 National Bank, being among the first in the coun- 
 try to get its charter, and he was made president, 
 which position he held for eleven years, retiring 
 at his own request, but consenting to remain vice- 
 president at the solicitation of the directors. 
 
 While Mr. Livermore was connected with the 
 
^7 ^ <^^iyir^iy?-Y^ ^^<~ 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 465 
 
 bank a one-dollar note, issued by the Farmers' 
 and Mechanics' Bank, was returned to the bank 
 for redemption, with the following remarks on a 
 paper pinned to it and preserved by him, viz.: 
 
 " This note has been in the wars. The owner 
 of it was wounded at Bull Run, Aug. 30, '62, and 
 through the admirable arrangements of the U. S. 
 authorities he was allowed to remain on the field 
 only till Sept. 6th, one week; then he was conveyed 
 to Washington Hospital. If he has proper atten- 
 tion he will recover. Strange to say, the rebels 
 didn't rob the pocket containing his money purse." 
 
 In 1827 Mr. Livermore was married to Louisa 
 Gates, by whom he had four children — Henry and 
 Sanford, who served during the war in the Army 
 of the West, and Edwin, who, enlisting in the 
 Sixth New Jersey Volunteer Infantry, became an 
 officer in the Ordnance Department. He fell dur- 
 ing the Wilderness campaign, and his body, like 
 many more of those gallant " boys in blue," was 
 never recovered ; it is among the missing, or per- 
 haps lying beneath the simple slab bearing the in- 
 scription " Unknown." The only daughter, Mary 
 A., is the wife of Wm. A. Wilcox, of Blackwood. 
 Sanford is an officer in the First National Bank, 
 Camden. Henry resides in Blackwood. 
 
 Mr. Livermore is a man of rare business talents, 
 and owing to his patient industry he has given val- 
 ue to his banking interests, as well as those of 
 property in Blackwood, and at theage of eighty-four 
 is in vigorous manhood, still supervising personally 
 his business. He married a second wife, Annie 
 McElroy, daughter of Wm. and Elizabeth McEl- 
 roy, of Moorestown, N. J.; she is still living. In 
 politics he is a pronounced Republican, and during 
 the war was a stanch supporter of all government 
 measures; in religion a Presbyterian and for 
 years an elder iu Blackwood Presbyterian Church. 
 It can truly be said of him, as of another when 
 asked about the standing of a friend, he replied, 
 "He is religiously blue, politically black and 
 financially O. K." 
 
 The Camden Safe Deposit Company is a 
 banking institution whose charter was approved 
 on the 4th day of April, 1873. The incorporators, 
 who also became the first Board of Directors, were 
 John F. Starr, Samuel Davis, Rudolphus Bingham, 
 Patrick Byrne, William J. Sewell, Charles P. 
 Stratton, John Hood, Thomas McKeen, Samuel 
 H. Grey and William S. Scull. Upon organiza- 
 tion, June 30, 1873, Jesse W. Starr w. s elected 
 president, and Colonel Thomas McKeen treas- 
 urer. The residence at No. 224 Federal Street, 
 formerly the home of the late Dr. Isaac S. Mul- 
 ford, was purchased and fitted up as a banking 
 
 house and has-since, with its delightful surround- 
 ings, admirably served the purpose for which it 
 was secured. The bank was opened for business 
 on the Ist day of July, 1873, with a capital stock 
 of one hundred thousand dollars, in shares of 
 twenty-five dollars each. 
 
 On September 1, 1873, George Raphael resigned, 
 and, on the same day, Thomas H. Dudley was 
 elected vice-president. November 27, 1873, I. 
 Woolston resigned ; William Moore, of Millville, 
 was elected. November 27, 1873, Patrick Byrne 
 resigned as director, and James B. Dayton was 
 elected in his place. December 11, 1873, Thomas 
 A. Wilson resigned, and Albert W. Markley was 
 elected. December 11, 1873, Jesse W. Starr, presi- 
 dent, resigned, and James B. Dayton was elected 
 president. December 12, 1873, Thomas McKeen 
 resigned as treasurer; William Stiles was elected 
 treasurer and entered upon his duties January 1, 
 1874. December 15th Benjamin Cooper was elected 
 director in place of Thomas McKeen, resigned. 
 
 At the succeeding election,' on July 1, 1875, 
 Peter L. Voorhees was elected a director. On July 
 22, 1876, by election, William C. Dayton, William 
 Hardacre and Jeremiah Smith became directors, 
 and William Stiles was chosen a director on July 1, 
 1878, Benjamin C. Reeve was elected July 1, 1881, 
 and D. J. Pancoast July 2, 1885. 
 
 This institution has continued to do a large and 
 prosperous business since the time of its organiza- 
 tion, and is recognized as a valuable accession to 
 the financial interests of Camden. A general 
 banking business is conducted, and interest is 
 allowed on time deposits. According to the last 
 report, on July 1, 1886, the capital stock paid in 
 was $100,000; surplus, $100,000; amount of de- 
 posits, $1,193,069; amount of loans and discounts, 
 $776,962. The following are the present directors : 
 William J. Sewell, Samuel H. Grey, William S. 
 Scull, Peter L. Voorhees, William C. Dayton, 
 Benjamin D. Shreve, John C. Bullitt, William 
 Hardacre, Jeremiah Smith, Benjamin C. Reeve, 
 William Stiles and D. J. Pancoast. 
 
 The President, James B. Dayton, died March 9, 
 1886, and on the loth of the same month Peter L. 
 Voorhees was chosen to succeed him. William 
 Stiles has served as treasurer since January 1, 
 1874. Samuel H. Grey has been solicitor since the 
 organization of the bank. James M. Cassady is 
 the notary. The paying-teller is J. Henry Hayes ; 
 Receiving-teller, Conrad F. Austermuhl ; General 
 Book-keeper, Edward F. Moody ; Individual Book- 
 keepers, B. M. Stiles and William Joyce ; Messen- 
 ger, Thomas W. McCowan ; Watchmen, William 
 Hawkins and Thomas Carson. 
 
466 
 
 HISTOKY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 William Stiles, the present treasurer of this 
 financial institution and the son of Thomas and 
 Judith Stiles, was born in Moorestown, Burlington 
 County, New Jersey, August 23, 1828. He obtained 
 his education at the Friends' School of his native 
 town, at a school of the same religious society at 
 Mount Laurel, and at the age of sixteen years 
 became a pupil in the boarding-school atGwynedd, 
 Pa. In 1854 he entered the State Bank at Camden 
 as a clerk, and subsequently, by promotion, occu- 
 pied various positions in the clerical force of that 
 bank, and was also chosen one of its directors. 
 While serving in the capacity of receiving teller 
 of the National State Bank, in 1874, he was elected 
 to the position which he now very acceptably fills, 
 being at the same time one of the directors of the 
 institution. 
 
 The Camden National Bank. — A movement 
 was made shortly after the passage of the National 
 Bank Act toward establishing a bank in the 
 southern part of Camden, but the project was 
 abandoned. A few years later the Gloucester City 
 Savings Institution opened a branch office on 
 Kaighn Avenue, which it maintained till the time 
 of its failure, 1884. In 1885 the subject of estab- 
 lishing a National Bank on Kaighn Avenue was 
 again discussed. Isaac C. Martindale, who had 
 many years' experience in the banking business, 
 became interested in the movement, and Zophar 
 C. Howell, president of the Kaighns Point Ferry 
 Company, and others gave the project encouraging 
 support. Application was made on May 30, 1885, 
 to the comptroller of the currency for authority to 
 organize and establish " The Camden National 
 Bank," with a capital of one hundred thousand 
 dollars, with the privilege of increasing it to two 
 hundred thousand dollars. The necessary permis- 
 sion having been received, a call for a public meet- 
 ing to promote the enterprise, signed by John 
 Cooper, Henry B. Wilson, Howard M. Cooper, 
 William B. Mulford, Zophar C. Howell and Isaac 
 C. Martindale, was issued and the meeting held at 
 the office of the Kaighns Point Ferry Company June 
 13, 1885, when more than one-fourth of the capital 
 stock was subscribed. A committee then appointed 
 to solicit further subscriptions reported, at a meet- 
 ing held July 6th, that the full amount ($100,000), 
 had been subscribed. The articles of association 
 and the organization certificate were signed and 
 executed, and a meeting of the stockholders held 
 on July 20th, when the following-named persons 
 were elected as the first Board of Directors: Zo- 
 phar C. Howell, Henry B Wilson, Charles B. 
 Coles, James Davis, Isaac C. Toone, George W. 
 Bailey, George T. Haines, Irvine C. Beatty, John 
 
 Cooper, William B. Mulford, Philip H. Fowler, 
 Charles E. Thomas, Harry B. Anthony, Howard 
 M. Cooper, Zophar L. Howell, Herbert C. Felton, 
 Rudolph W. Birdsell. William W. Price, is teller 
 at Philadelphia office; Charles P. Martindale, 
 receiving teller at the bank; Lewis Mueller, book- 
 keeper. 
 
 They organized by electing Zophar C. Howell, 
 president; John Cooper, vice-president; and Isaac 
 C. Martindale, cashier, who still continue in office. 
 Howard M. Cooper was chosen solicitor. No. 259 
 Kaighn Avenue was selected and fitted up for a 
 temporary banking-room. Authority to commence 
 business was granted by the comptroller of the 
 currency on August 1st-, and on August 18, 1885, 
 the bank was opened for business. 
 
 The first statement, on October 1st, after the 
 bank had been in operation six weeks, showed 
 aggregate assets of $219,018. 
 
 On March 20, 1886, the bank opened a special 
 line of accounts, on which interest is allowed, at 
 the rate of three per cent, on all sums from one 
 dollar to five hundred dollars, and two per cent, on 
 all sums over five hundred dollars, such deposit to 
 be drawn only after two weeks' notice has been 
 given, the interest being credited to the account 
 every six months. 
 
 This bank has a branch office at the northwest 
 corner of Secondand Walnut Streets, Philadelphia, 
 and arrangements have been perfected by which 
 deposits are made at J. A. Wamsley's drug-store, 
 in Gloucester City. The management of the 
 Camden National Bank has been a success, and 
 the institution has secured a good patronage. 
 
 John Coopek, who for more than forty years 
 has been prominently identified with the business 
 interests of the city of Camden, is a grandson of 
 James Cooper, who resided near Woodbury, Glou- 
 cester County, and who became possessed of con- 
 siderable property in that section, a portion of 
 which, still owned by John Cooper, is the only 
 tract that was thus originally purchased that has 
 remained ever since in the family name. His 
 father, William Cooper, who married Sarah Mor- 
 gan, daughter of Joseph Morgan, of Delaware 
 County, Pa., was a prosperous farmer for the period 
 in which he lived. He died in 1850, at the ad- 
 vanced age of eighty years. His wife died about 
 two years earlier. They were earnest supporters 
 and consistent members of the Society of Friends, 
 and both occupied the station of elders in the 
 Friends' Meeting held at Woodbury. They had 
 six childien, — Mary, the eldest, married Charles 
 Kaighn, of Camden ; Ann married Joseph Tatum, 
 of Gloucester County ; James married Lucy Mid- 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 467 
 
 dletOD, of Burlington County; William E. married 
 Elizabeth, daughter of Enoch Eoberts, of Burling- 
 ton County ; Joseph M., a twin brother of James, 
 who died unmarried, in 1885, at the residence of 
 his brother John, the subject of this sketch, born 
 in 1814. 
 
 In 1843 John Cooper married Mary M. Kaighn, 
 daughter of Joseph and Sarah Kaighn, of Camden, 
 and soon after opened a grocery store on what was 
 then known as Market Street (now Kaighn Avenue) 
 It was the only store in that section of Camden. In- 
 deed, there were but few houses there except those 
 in the immediate vicinity of the ferry. In 1845 
 he opened a coal-yard, being the pioneer in that 
 branch of trade, and the first one to engage in that 
 business in Camden, south of Federal Street. For 
 more than forty years he has been active in business 
 in that part of the city, interested in the develop- 
 ment of its mercantile interests, and has been a 
 successful merchant. He has been a director of 
 the Kaighns Point Ferry Company for many 
 years and was one of the promoters of the Cam- 
 den National Bank, of which he is now vice- 
 president. He is the head of the firm of Cooper, 
 Stone & Co., dealers in coal, wood and hardware, 
 doing business at Front Street and Kaighn Ave- 
 nue. Both he and his wife, Mary M., were much 
 interested on behalf of the colored population 
 of the city, were among the founders of the 
 West Jersey Orphanage, a home for colored chil- 
 dren, and became very active in its management. 
 She left a considerable sum of money to be paid 
 to it after her death. She died in 1880. They 
 had four children, — Howard M., a prominent 
 member of the bar ; Sallie K., who married George 
 K.Johnson, Jr.; William J., who is now associated 
 with his father in business ; and Ellen, who died 
 in early life. A few years ago Mr. Cooper pur- 
 chased a lot of ground on Cooper Street, above 
 Seventh, and built thereon a fine residence. He 
 recently married C. Louisa Gibberson, of Phila- 
 delphia, and now lives in his Cooper Street man- 
 sion. 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 EELIGIOUS HISTORY OP CAMDEN. 
 
 Newton Friends' Meeting — Methodist Churches — Baptist Churches 
 — Protestant Episcopal Churches — Presbyterian Churches — Luth- 
 eran Churches — Churches of the United Brethren in Christ, 
 Church of the Evangelical Association — Young Men's Christian 
 Association — Koman Catholic Churches. 
 
 Newton Fbiends' Meeting.' — About the year 
 1800, when the general opening of roads made it 
 
 iBy Howard M. Cooper. 
 
 no longer important to be on the water, Newton 
 Friends determined to move from their old meet- 
 ing-house on Newton Creek to a place more 
 central; and in Fourth Month, 1801, Joseph 
 Kaighn gave them the lot of land at the corner of 
 the Mount Ephraim road and Mount Vernon 
 Street, in the present city of Camden, on which, 
 in the same year, they built the brick meeting- 
 house that now stands there. Here they continued 
 meeting without dissension until the separation of 
 1827-28 occurred, when the Orthodox Friends 
 retained possession of the house and have occupied 
 it ever since. 
 
 For several years before the separation Richard 
 Jordan, a prominent minister, was a member of 
 this meeting, and afterwards, being an Orthodox 
 Friend, continued to preach here until his death, 
 often drawing full houses. TMe present public 
 Friend is Richard Esterbrook. 
 
 At the separation the Hicksite Friends met a 
 short time in the old Camden Academy, that stood 
 where the George Genge Grammar School now is, 
 at the southwest corner of Sixth and Market 
 Streets. On Seventh Month 6, 1828, Joseph W. 
 Cooper gave them a lot of ground on Cooper 
 Street, above Seventh, on which, in that year, they 
 erected a frame meeting-house and have met there 
 continuously since. When the house was built, 
 it was in th^ midst of a woods, some of the old 
 oak-trees of which are still standing in the meet- 
 ing-house yard. In 1885 the house was enlarged 
 and greatly improved in appearance. Samuel J. 
 Levick, Rachel Wainwrightand Sarah Hunt have 
 been ministers here in the past. At present the 
 public Friends are Mary S. Lippincott, Isaac C. 
 Martindale and others. 
 
 The Third Street Methodist EpiscopjiL 
 Church. — Exactly when Methodist preachers, lo- 
 cal or itinerant, commenced preaching at Camden 
 is unknown, but in 1797, Rev. Benjamin Fisler, 
 M.D., of Port Elizabeth, N. J., preached here sev- 
 eral times, and we find subsequently that local 
 preachers from St. George's Church, in Philadel- 
 phia, made Camden one of their preaching-places. 
 In 1808 the New Jersey District of the Philadel- 
 phia Conference was formed, with Joseph Totten 
 presiding elder, ^nd an appointment called " Glou- 
 cester Circuit " created, which included what is 
 now Camden. Revs. Richard Sneath and William 
 S. Fisher were appointed as preachers of the new 
 circuit and the following year, 1809, Richard 
 Sneath formed the first regular class in Camden, 
 composed of James and Elizabeth Duer, Henry 
 and Susannah Sawn, William and Martha Price 
 and Phebe Peters, of which James Duer was ap- 
 
468 
 
 HISTOKY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 pointed leader. Services by the circuit preachers 
 were held once every two weeks, on Wednesday 
 evening, in the academy which formerly stood on 
 the corner of Jlarket Street and Sixth. The same 
 year, finding the academy insufficient for their 
 wants, a regular church organization having been 
 formed in the meantime, it was determined to 
 erect a house of worship. A lot on the corner of 
 Fourth Street and Federal was secured and a 
 board of trustees elected, composed of James Duer, 
 Jonathan Petherbridge, Henry Sawn and William 
 Price, and the corporate name of " The Methodist 
 Episcopal Church of Camden " given to the new 
 organization. James Duer and Jonathan Pether- 
 bridge were made a building committee. Before 
 the building was completed, Thomas Dunn, one of 
 the preachers on the Gloucester Circuit, preached 
 
 THIKD STfiEET METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHUIiCH 
 
 the first sermon in it from the text, " Who com- 
 manded you to build this house and to make up 
 these walls?" The church was dedicated on the 
 25th of November, 1810, by Presiding Elder Jo- 
 seph Totten. This was the first house of worship 
 erected in the city of Camden and is still standing 
 near the original site, cor. Fourth jind Federal Sts. 
 In 1884, the congregation having so increased, 
 it was determined to erect a new building more in 
 keeping with the importance of the society and 
 better adapted to its wants. During this time 
 Camden was connected with Gloucester or Bur- 
 lington Circuits, but it was then thought that it 
 should become a station. Accordingly, a lot on 
 Third Street, between Bridge Avenue and Federal 
 
 Street, was purchased, and on the Fourth of July, 
 1834, the corner-stone of a new church was laid 
 with appropriate services. December 14th, follow- 
 ing, the church was dedicated by Rev. Charles 
 Pitujan, assisted by the pastor, Eev. William 
 Granville. The new building cost about eight 
 thousand dollars. In this new building the soci- 
 ety did its work for over thirty years, increasing in 
 numbers rapidly, especially during the great revi- 
 val in 1837. The church building had been en- 
 larged and improved to meet its increased wants, 
 at considerable expense, and it was a crushing 
 blow to the society when, on the 20th of Novem- 
 ber, 1867, the building was totally destroyed by 
 fire, with but a slight insurance on it. But though 
 for a moment paralyzed, the congregation soon re- 
 covered itself and, with commendable energy, im- 
 mediately began the erection 
 of a new building, and appoint- 
 ed Rev. Charles H. Whitecar, 
 pastor, S. S. E. Cowperthwait, 
 Thomas B. Atkinson, Morton 
 Mills, E. S. Johnson and James 
 M. Cassady a building com- 
 mittee to superintend the work. 
 The lots on Third and Mickle 
 Streets and Bridge Avenue 
 were purchased, and the work 
 was pushed forward with so 
 much energy that the present 
 beautiful house of worship, 
 with a seating capacity of about 
 fourteen hundred, and costing, 
 with the lot, some sixty thou- 
 sand dollars, was dedicated on 
 September 1, 1869, in the pre- 
 sence of an immense concourse 
 of people, by Bishop Simpson 
 and the pastor. Rev. C. H. 
 Whitecar. 
 In all its history this church has been firm in 
 its adherence to the polity of the Methodist Epis- 
 copal Church, and in its support to the various 
 religious work of the denomination. 
 
 Early in the history of this society, vigorous 
 work in the Sunday-school cause was commenced 
 and has been unflagging in it ever since. The 
 present Sunday-school numbers over six hundred 
 members, with sixty officers and teachers. Dr. 
 William Shafer is its present superintendent. 
 The church has had the following pastors : 
 
 1809. Thomas Duun. 1811. Jolin Woolston. 
 Cli.irli'S Kead. 1812. Joseph Oshorn. 
 
 1810. Peter Vaniiest. Jolin Woolston. 
 .Tosejih Osboi-n. 1813. George Wooley. 
 Thomas Davis, John Price. 
 
THE CITY OP CAMDEN. 
 
 469 
 
 1814. (JooVge Wooley. 
 Joseph Lybrand. 
 
 1815. John Viin Schoick. 
 Joseph Rualing. 
 
 1816. John Van Schoick. 
 John Fox. 
 
 1817. James Moore. 
 Joseph Lybrand. 
 
 1818. Solomon Sharp. 
 David Best. 
 
 1819. John Walker. 
 James Long. 
 
 1820. John Walker. 
 John Potts. 
 
 1821. John Potts. 
 Benjamin Collins. 
 
 1822. Sylvester G. Hill. 
 Waters Burrows. 
 
 1823. Sylvester G. Hill. 
 Joseph Carey. 
 
 1824. David Daily. 
 Joseph Osborn. 
 
 1825. Jacob Gruber. 
 Wesley Wallace. 
 
 1826. George Wooley. 
 Robert Gerry. 
 
 1827. George Wooley. 
 Thomas Sovereign. 
 
 1828. Henry Boehm. 
 Levin M. Prettyman. 
 
 1829. Henry Boehm. 
 W. W. Foulks. 
 Samuel Throckmorton. 
 
 1830. William W.roulks. 
 Joseph Ashbrook. 
 
 1831. John Walker. 
 JefTerson Lewis. 
 
 1832. John Walker. 
 
 1833. Edward Page. 
 
 D. W. Bartine. 
 1834-a5. William Granville. 
 
 1836. Thomas Neal. 
 
 1837. James H. Dandy. 
 1838-39. Joseph Ashbrook. 
 
 1840. John K. Shaw. 
 William A. Brooks. 
 
 1841. John K. Shaw. 
 
 1842. John L. Lenhart. 
 1843-44. Isaac Winner. 
 
 1845. Abram K. Street. 
 Elwood H. Stokes. 
 
 1846. Abram K. Street. 
 
 1847. David W. Bartine. 
 George A. Reybold. 
 
 1848. David W. Bartine. 
 Israel 8. Oorbit. 
 
 1849. Cliarles H. Whiteoar. 
 William H. Jeffreys. 
 
 1850. Charles H. Whiteoar. 
 1861. Isaac N. Felch. 
 
 1852. Richard W. Petherbridge. 
 1853-54. James 0. Rogers. 
 1865. John W. MoDougal. 
 1856-57. William B. Perry. 
 1858-59. Elwood H. Stokes. 
 1860-61. Samuel T. Monroe. 
 1862-63. Joseph B. Dobbins. 
 1864-65-66. Samuel Vansant. 
 1867-68-69. (;harles H. Whiteoar. 
 1870-71. John S. Heisler. 
 1872-73-74. Charles E. Hill. 
 1876-76-77. Charles B. Hartranft. 
 
 Pennel Coombs. 
 1878-79-80. J. B. Graw. 
 1881-82-83. William W. Moffet. 
 1884-85-86. G. B. Wight. 
 
 Since its organization, in 1809, Tliird Street 
 Church has sent out the following church organi- 
 zations, all of them, at present ilourishing churches 
 in Camden, viz. : Union Church, Broadway 
 Church, Tabernacle Church and Centenary 
 Church. 
 
 Union Methodist Episcopal Church is situa- 
 ted on the corner of Fifth Street and Mount Vernon. 
 This society was originated from a class-meeting 
 formed in 1838, in a school-house near Kaighns 
 Point, by the Bev. Joseph Ashbrook. Twenty- 
 three persons joined this class, viz., — Charles 
 Hugg (leader), Sarah Hugg, Parmelia Gaunt, 
 Deborah Hawke, Benjamin Sutton, A. Sutton, 
 William Home, Sarah Home, Mary Surran, Elias 
 Kaighn, Sarah Kaighn, Levi Brink, Deborah 
 Brink, Sarah A. Kaighn, Joshua Stone, Rebecca 
 Stone, Mary Smallwood, Elijah W. Kaighn, Elijah 
 Burrough, Thomas Leigh, Harriet C. Brink, 
 George Hughes and William Perkins. Of the 
 original members, not one is connected with the 
 present congregation. Fourteen of them were 
 dismissed by certificate and nine have since died. 
 A regular Sunday meeting was established in the 
 school-house and much interest was manifested in 
 56 
 
 the services, which resulted in a number of persons 
 joining the class. As no suitable site could be ob- 
 tained for a church at Kaighns Point, Eev. Joseph 
 Ashbrook, before leaving the charge, procured the 
 gift of a lot from Richard Fetters, in 1839. 
 
 This lot, so kindly donated, was on the south- 
 east corner of Fifth Street and Mount Vernon, 
 and, in 1840-41, a frame church building was 
 erected on it, at a cost of four hundred and eleven 
 dollars, under the supervision of Rev. J. R. Shaw, 
 who succeeded Rev. Ashbrook. 
 
 In 1845 Rev. L. B. Newton became the class- 
 leader, and through his efforts many members 
 were added to the church, and the Sunday-school 
 increased to one hundred and eighty scholars. 
 The Rev. John L. Lenhart was pastor in 1843-44, 
 Rev. Isaac Winner in 1845-46, and Rev. A. K. Street 
 in 1847^8. In this last-named year the member- 
 ship had so increased that the Third Street Quar- 
 terly Conference decided to build a church in 
 South Camden. The corner-stone was laid on 
 June 8, 1848, and the church dedicated on the 
 25lh of December of that year, Rev. Charles Pit- 
 man, D.D., oiB elating. This church was forty by 
 fifty-five feet, and twenty feet high. In 1849 Rev. 
 Charles Whitecar and Rev. William H. Jeffries 
 were sent to Camden. The cholera prevailed to an 
 alarming extent, and there were over fifty deaths 
 within this congregation. . 
 
 In 1850, under the direction of the Conference, 
 Enoch Shinn, Joseph Sharp, John S. Bundick, 
 Thomas McDowell, Sr., Samuel Scull, Levi B. 
 Newton and Joseph Evans were chosen tmstees 
 of this church. Rev. David Duffield became pas- 
 tor the same year, and during his ministry the 
 church was prosperous and free from debt. In 
 1854 and 1855, under the Rev. Philip Cline as pas- 
 tor, the church numbered three hundred and 
 forty-six members, and the church Sunday-school, 
 with the one connected with the church in Stock- 
 ton, three hundred and ninety members. Rev. J. 
 W. Hickman was pastor during 1856 and 1857, and 
 Rev. H. M. Brown in 1858 and 1859. Previous to 
 this time it was called the Fifth Street Church, 
 but now took the corporate name of the Union 
 Church. 
 
 In 1858 there were four schools connected with 
 this charge, — No. 1, in the church, Levi B. 
 Newton, superintendent ; No, 2, at Stockton, 
 Samuel Deval, superintendent ; No. 3, at Kaighns 
 Point, William Hunt, superintendent ; and No. 4, 
 at Eagle Hall, Joseph Johnson, superintendent. 
 In these schools were eighty-three officers and 
 teachers and five hundred scholars. In 1859 this 
 church, with William Peacock as contractor, built 
 
•lYO 
 
 HISTOKY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 amission chapel at Stockton. There were no material 
 changes in the church from this time until 1880. 
 The pastors who officiated during these years were 
 Revs. Henry M. Beegle, 1860-62 ; Aaron E. Bal- 
 lard and Charles E. Hill, 1863-64 ; Samuel Parker, 
 1865-66 ; W. W. Christine, 1867-68 ; Garner R. 
 Snyder, 1869-71; George C. Maddock, 1871-74; 
 A. K. Street, 1874-77 ; and James Moore, 1877-80. 
 In 1880 Rev. John S. Gaskill became pastor, 
 and through his efforts succeeded in having a new 
 church, which was dedicated in May, 1883. The 
 same year Rev. G. Dobbins became pastor, and in 
 1886 the present pastor, Rev. A. Lawrence, was as- 
 signed to the charge. The church has at this date 
 (1886) five hundred and thirty-two full members 
 and ten probationers. The Sunday-school has 
 sixtv officers and teachers and six hundred and 
 
 BROADWAY METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHtTECH, 
 
 forty-four pupils. Samuel C. Newton is the super- 
 intendent. 
 
 John S. Bundick, who died in 1884, was presi- 
 dent of the board of trustees for many years. 
 
 Bkoadway Methodist Episcopal Church.' — 
 At the house of Chas. Sloan a meeting of Metho- 
 dists was held on April 8, 1848, where, with Mr. 
 Sloan as chairman and David Duffleld, Jr., secre- 
 tary, the Berkley Street Sabbath-school of the 
 Methodist Episcopal Church of Camden, N. J., was 
 organized. Chas. Sloan, David Duffield, Jr., Thos. 
 L. Smith, Philander C. Brink, Benj. A. Hammeli, 
 Levi C. Phifer, Wm. Few, John Newton, Richard 
 J. Sharp, I. B. Reed, John B. Thompson, Eliza- 
 
 iBy Geo. E. Fry, GIS Broadway, Camden, 
 
 beth Middleton, Susan H. Scott, Mary Adams, 
 Harriet Davis, Mary Brooks, Hannah Souder, 
 Mary Dunn and Sarah Cheeseman volunteered to 
 become teachers. Chas. Sloan was elected super- 
 intendent. A lot was purchased and a school- 
 h(ju8e built, which was dedicated April 15, 1849, 
 by Rev. Dr. Bartine. The school then had 
 twelve teachers and sixty-three scholars, which 
 two years later was increased to one hundred and 
 one scholars. A request was sent to Rev. Chas. 
 H. Whitecar, pastor of Third Street Methodist 
 Episcopal Church, to form a class, of which Isaac 
 B. Reed was appointed leader, and the other mem- 
 bers were Hannah Chambers, Abigail Bishop, 
 Wm. Wood, Furman Sheldon, Priscilla Sheldon, 
 Achsa Sutton, Mary Sutton, Mary Brooks, Eliza- 
 beth Bender, Ruthanna Bender, Charlotte Wilk- 
 inson, Wm. Patterson, Sister Patter- 
 son, Sister Severns, Rebecca Thomp- 
 son, Elizabeth Mclntyre, Hannah 
 
 A. Reed, DanT Stephenson, Rachel 
 Stephenson, Susan Thomas, Samuel 
 Severns, Mary E. Maguire and Wm. 
 Few. At a meeting held in the Sun- 
 day-school room on Berkley Street, 
 March 10, 1854, and at a subsequent 
 meeting. May 9th, a church society 
 was organized largely from members 
 of the class above mentioned. Rev. 
 Ralph S. Arndt was the first pastor. 
 Forty certificates of membership 
 were received, and John Lee, Isaac 
 
 B. Reed and Conklin Mayhew were 
 appointed class-leaders. 
 
 The first board of stewards was 
 composed of John C. Clopper, Wal- 
 ter Rink, John M. Pascall and Logan 
 Alcott. May 30, 1854, the board of 
 trustees elected were Daniel Bishop, 
 S. S. Cain, Wm. Severns, Conklin Mayhew, Furman 
 Sheldon, Logan Alcott and T. H. Stephens. At the 
 same meeting the name of " Broadway Methodist 
 Episcopal Church of Camden, N. J.," was selected 
 to designate the new society. Rev. J. H. Knowles 
 was pastor from May, 1855, to the end of the pas- 
 toral year and part of next year, which was finished 
 by Rev. J. J. Hanley, who remained to May, 1858. 
 In February, 1856, John S. Newton, who after- 
 wards lost his life with the unfortunates in the 
 " New .lersey " steamboat, was appointed leader of a 
 class of youngconverts. Thetrustees purchased the 
 property corner of Broadway and Berkley Street, 
 in 1854, subject to a claim, and on November 14, 
 1854, they bought an adjoining lot. The basement 
 of the church was dedicated December 25, 1855, 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 471 
 
 by Bishop Scott, and the main audience-room 
 dedicated January 29, 1857, by Bishop Janes. 
 
 Kev. C. K. Fleming was pastor from 1858 to 
 1860. There were then two hundred full mem. 
 bers and one hundred probationers. The Sunday- 
 schools under their charge had, in 1860, three hun- 
 dred and seventy-five children. 
 
 From 1860 to 1872, inclusive, the successive 
 pastors were C. W. Heisley, who went to the army 
 as chaplain, Robert Stratton, R. S. Harris, George 
 Hitchens, Wm. Walton, R. A. Ghalker and Geo. 
 Hughes, and during this period the church pros- 
 pered greatly, so that it became necessary to en- 
 large the church building. The original buildi ng 
 was forty-eight feet by sixty-five feet, and during 
 the pastorate of Rev. JohnS. Phelps, 1873-74, an 
 addition of thirty feet was built to the rear. Rev. H. 
 H. Brown was pastor during 1875. The parsonage. 
 No. 512 Broadway, was purchased for five thou- 
 sand dollars, April 20, 1873. Rev. Geo. Reed was 
 pastor in 1876, and had two very successful years 
 in church work, making many conversions. 
 
 Rev. Geo. B. Wight was pastor during 1878, 
 1879 and 1880. During this period a plan was 
 adopted to liquidate the debt on the church, which 
 was then nine thousand dollars, and which has 
 been reduced to two thousand dollars. The new 
 Methodist hymnal was adopted by the church in 
 November, 1878. In 1879, December Slat, a new 
 department in Sunday-school work, called the As- 
 sembly, was started under the leadership of Joseph 
 Elverson, who has held that position ever since. 
 Rev. Milton Relyea was pastor from 1881 to 1884 ; 
 during this period there was a great revival 
 and a large number were added to the church. 
 Mrs. Lizzie Smith did much earnest work at a re- 
 vival in 1881. At an afternoon meeting held that 
 year, Mrs. Clayton, a member, died very suddenly. 
 In 1884 the church was newly frescoed, a pipe-organ 
 put in position, and shortly thereafter the Annual 
 Conference was held in this church. In October, 
 1883, the Sunday-school numbered one thousand 
 two hundred and forty-seven scholars, and had 
 eighty-nine officers and teachers. The Pine Street 
 Mission, formerly under charge of Union Method- 
 ist Episcopal Church, was transferred by mutual 
 consent to the charge of Broadway Methodist 
 Episcopal Church, March, 1884 ; soon after, a 
 plot of ground ninety by one hundred and fifty 
 feet, at Third Street and Beckett, was purchased by 
 this church, on which to erect a chapel and re- 
 ceive the Sunday-school and worshippers of Pine 
 Street Mission. The old building on Pine Street 
 was subsequently sold and the proceeds applied to 
 the new building, which was dedicated in October, 
 
 1885. In. 1885, under the preaching of Rev. D. B. 
 Green, a great revival was held. In March, 1885, 
 the Band of Hope passed into the charge of the 
 Sunday-school Association, and in May, Emmor 
 Applegate was elected its superintendent. Rev. 
 Wm. P. Davis, D.D., commenced his pastorate of 
 this church March, 1884, since which time many 
 members have been added. The membership now 
 (1886) is nearly eight hundred, and about two 
 hundred probationers. The Sunday-school has 
 nearly one thousand two hundred members and 
 the Mission school has about two hundred and 
 seventy members. Dr. A. E. Street is ^the general 
 superintendent of the school. 
 
 Tabernacle Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 — In 1856 a few members of the Third Street Meth- 
 odist Episcopal Church of Camden held devo- 
 tional meetings in a grove at Coopers Point, and 
 then organized the Tabernacle Methodist Episco- 
 pal Church. In 1860 a chapel was built on Third 
 Street, below Vine, in which regular meetings were 
 held. A minister was appointed by the New Jer- 
 sey Conference. The society grew rapidly in 
 numbers, and in 1867 the structure at the northeast 
 corner of Third Street and Pearl was built. The 
 debt on the church for a time was a heavy load. 
 However, through perseverance and zealous work, 
 it was greatly diminished. In this church build- 
 ing the societycontinuedto worship until August 3, 
 
 1885. On that day the cyclone that did such a vast 
 amount of damage in Camden and Port Richmond, 
 Philadelphia, unroofed the church building and 
 weakened the walls. It was then decided to take 
 down what remained of the old building and in its 
 place construct a new one. John B. Betts, a 
 builder, began the work in .September, under a 
 contract to erect the present church with a seat- 
 ing capacity of eleven hundred. The south and 
 west sides are of stone and the north and east sides 
 of brick, with the main audience-room on 
 second floor. The cost of the church and furniture 
 was about thirty-two thousand dollars, and it is a 
 beautiful and attractive building. It was dedicated 
 with imposing ceremonies during the summer of 
 
 1886. The church membership numbers about 
 six hundred. The Sunday-school, of which Wal- 
 ter M. Patton has been superintendent for twelve 
 yea^s, has thirty-five teachers and six hundred 
 scholars. Tabernacle Church is the only Method- 
 ist Episcopal Church in Camden north of Coopef 
 Street, and is the only free-seating church of any 
 denomination north of Bridge Avenue. 
 
 The following is a list of the ministers who have 
 been stationed at this church by the New Jersey 
 Conference since its organization i Revs. W. S. 
 
472 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Barnart, L. La Eue, James White, J, H. Stock- 
 ton, J. W. Hickman, S. E. Post,C. K. Fleming, G. 
 K. Morris, E. Hewett, G. S. Sykes, J. S. Heisler 
 and J. Y. Dobbins. 
 
 FiLi^MOEE Street Methodist Episcopal 
 Church. — In 1856 a mission school, under the 
 auspices of the Methodist Episcopal Church, was 
 organized in the house of Jesse Perkins, No. 1722 
 Broadway, and was superintended by John Dob- 
 bins and Mrs. Shuttleworth. Soon after its organ- 
 ization it was removed to the house of William 
 Hammond, on Fillmore Street, opposite to the 
 site of the present church, and Samuel Duval 
 became superintendent. The school was a suc- 
 cess, the number of scholars increased, and in 
 1858 the Fifth Street Methodist Episcopal Church 
 adopted measures to procure land and build a 
 church in that locality. 
 
 A one-story frame building, with a small chapel 
 to the rear, was built by Clayton Peacock in 1859, 
 and dedicated by Rev. William Brown. The 
 building committee were William Room, William 
 Hammond, John Dobbins, Thomas B. Jones, John 
 S. Bundick, Josiah Matlack and William Brown, 
 the pastor. A large number of members joined 
 the church at this time and the Sunday-school had 
 eight teachers and sixty pupils. The pastors who 
 have been assigned to this charge, from the time 
 of the organization to the present time, have been 
 George W. Smith, J. T. Price, Joseph Hopkins, G, 
 H. Tullis, Lewis Atkinson, John Y. Dobbins, 
 David Stewart, Edward Messier, William Mitchell, 
 George Musseroll, D. W. C. Mclntire and James 
 E. Diverty, the present pastor. The congregation 
 in the year 1886 built a new church, fifty-two 
 by eighty-two feet in size, of stone, with modern 
 improvements and neatness of architectural de- 
 sign, at a cost of fifteen thousand dollars. 
 Two large lots were donated by Mrs. John Dob- 
 bins for the site of the new church and a par- 
 sonage. These lots are on Broadway, corner of 
 Van Hook Street. The building committee, to 
 draft the plans and superintend the building of the 
 new church, is composed of John Dobbins, chair- 
 man ; Herman Helmbold, treasurer ; Benjamin 
 E. Mellor, secretary ; and Geo. W. Burroughs, 
 Geo. W. Lacomey, James O. Smith, Joseph Cline, 
 Thomas Harman, G. W. Laird, Robert H. Comey, 
 Frederick Kifferlyand Henry Davis. 
 
 The church at present (1886) has a membership 
 of one hundred and seventy-two communicants, 
 and in the Sunday-school there are two hundred 
 and eighty-nine pupils and teachers, with George 
 W. Burroughs as superintendent. 
 
 Centenary Methodist Episcopal Church 
 
 was organized in 1865, by persons who were members 
 of the Third Street Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 The Rev. J. B. Dobbins, D.D., was presiding elder 
 at that time. The persons most prominently iden- 
 tified with the organization of the church were 
 Charles Sloan, Joshua Peacock, Wm. D. Peacock, 
 Nathan T. MuUiner, William W. Barlow, Charles 
 Cox, Philander C. Brink, Benjamin H. Browning 
 and others. 
 
 The original trustees were Wm. Barlow, Ralph 
 Lee, Joseph C. De La Cour, H. F. Hunt, N. T. 
 Mnlliner, B. H. Browning and Thomas Cochran. 
 
 The trustees for 1886 are B. F. Archer, C. S. 
 Crowell, W. F. Rose, Joseph H. Watson, Geo. 
 Gerry White, L. Somers Risley and Wm. Post. 
 
 The different preachers of Centenary Church, in 
 order of succession, have been as follows: Revs. 
 Henry Baker, D.D., William V. Kelley, D.D., 
 D. A. Schock, J. B. Dobbins, D.D., Thos. H. 
 . Stockton, John Y. Dobbins, John E. Adams, I. L. 
 Sooy and I. S. Heisler. 
 
 Centenary Methodist Episcopal Sabbath-school 
 was organized April 8, 1866, in Morgan's Hall, 
 southeast corner of Fourth and Market Streets, 
 with an attendance of eighteen officers and teach- 
 ers and sixty-eight scholars. Joshua Peacock was 
 elected superintendent, and Charles Sloan assist- 
 ant superintendent. 
 
 An infant department was form ed April 22d, 
 with thirteen scholars, under the direction of Mrs. 
 Petherbridge. 
 
 Joshua Peacock served as superintendent until 
 May 4, 1873, when he was succeeded by Wm. T. 
 Bailey, who has since filled the position, except 
 from November 16, 1884, to May 6, 1885, during 
 which time Wilbur F. Rose was superintendent. 
 
 The school, in 1886, has three hundred and 
 forty-three scholars, and forty-five officers and 
 teachers. The present presiding officers are 
 William T. Bailey, general superintendent ; Joshua 
 Peacock, assistant superintendent ; Harris Graf- 
 fen, superintendent of the assembly ; Mrs. Ellen 
 B. G. Hammell, superintendent of primary depart- 
 ment. 
 
 The Eighth Street Methodist Episcopal 
 Church.— The history of the Eighth Street Church 
 begins with a Mission Sunday-school under the 
 care of the Broadway Church. This school, under 
 the name of Paradise Mission, was organized in 
 1859 in a building on Mount Vernon Street, used 
 as a meat-shop and owned by John Paschal. At 
 the time of the organization of the school John 
 Collins was elected superintendent ; John S. Long, 
 assistant and secretary ; Mr. Holmes, librarian ; 
 Mifflin K. Long, treasurer, and Joseph Hofflinger, 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 473 
 
 John Paschal and Benjamin F. Long, teachers. 
 Fifty children were immediately gathered into 
 this school. The building had no chimney and 
 was not plastered. The cold weather compelled 
 the school to seek a more comfortable place, and 
 the public school-house on Spruce Street was 
 generously granted and the school held in it for 
 several months. In 1860 a room or hall on Wal- 
 nut Street, to the rear of the present church, was 
 rented, and there the school convened until 1862, 
 when a frame chapel was built where the church 
 now stands. Under the charge of the presiding 
 elder, A. K. Street, this chapel was dedicated by 
 Kev. H. M. Brown, and the Sunday-school, then 
 numbering one hundred members, moved into it. 
 During 1862 Rev. R. S. Harris, pastor of the 
 Broadway Methodist Episcopal Church, formed a 
 class with John S. Long as leader, and thus ori- 
 ginated the Eighth Street Methodist Episcopal 
 Church. 
 
 Regular services were conducted every Sunday, 
 and during that winter extra meetings were held, 
 which resulted in bringing many persons within 
 the fold of the church. Encouraged by this suc- 
 cess, in 1863 the Eighth Street Chapel, as it was 
 then called, formed a mission in connection with 
 Stockton and Newton, and the Conference appoint- 
 ed Rev. Garner H. Tullis to take charge of this 
 mission. The first year of his ministry was a suc- 
 cessful one and brought eighty-three members, 
 forty probationers and two hundred and twenty 
 Sunday-school children within the mission. The 
 Eighth Street Chapel then filed a certificate of 
 incorporation, under the name of the Tullis 
 Methodist Episcopal Church, by which name it 
 has ever since been known, though called in Con- 
 ference minutes as the Eighth Street Methodist 
 Episcopal Church of Camden. In 1865 Rev. Da- 
 vid McCurdy was appointed pastor and in 1866 
 Rev. N. Walton succeeded him. In 1869 this 
 church, which had from the first been associated 
 .with Broadway Church, separated from it and be- 
 came a station. In 1873 W. C. Stockton became 
 pastor and the chapel was enlarged and greatly 
 improved, at a cost of one thousand dollars, 
 through his exertions, and during the second year 
 of his pastorate the foundation of the present large 
 brick church building was built up to the second 
 story and a temporary roof placed over it. It was 
 not completed until 1880, at which time the church 
 and grounds were valued at fifteen thousand dol- 
 lars. Since this congregation separated from the 
 Broadway Methodist Episcopal eongregaiion the 
 pastors who have served it were Revs. J. H. Nich- 
 ols, J. I. Merrill, J. White, Jacob T. Price, W. C. 
 
 Stockton, John R. Westwood, Willis Reeves, 
 Garner H. Tullis, James H. Payson and William 
 Walton, the present pastor. The history of this 
 church has been promising from its first inception, 
 and its future prospects are brighter than ever. 
 With an increasing population about it and 
 a large membership of more uniform piety, it can- 
 not fail to accomplish its great mission. The 
 membership at this time (1886) is three hundred 
 and fifty-one, and the Sunday-school is in a flour- 
 ishing condition, having four hundred and fifty- 
 one teachers and pupils, with E. S. Matlack as 
 superintendent. 
 
 Kaighn Avenue Methodist Episcopal 
 Chukch. — The congregation that worships in 
 this church is the outgrowth of a Mission Sunday- 
 school started on Liberty Street, above Third, by 
 members of the Union Methodist Episcopal 
 Church. The membership of this mission school 
 increased to three hundred, and it was deemed 
 necessary to seek larger and more comfortable 
 quarters. In 1879 a large blacksmith shop, on 
 Front Street, below Eaighn Avenue, was procured 
 and fitted up for Sunday-school purposes. Under 
 the supervision of the Rev. William C. Stockton, 
 a church society was formed, under the name of 
 the Grace Methodist Episcopal Church, with thirty 
 communicants, and a Sunday-school started with 
 two hundred members, most of whom came from 
 the mission school already mentioned. The 
 religious services were held in the blacksmith- 
 shop for seventeen months, and during the heated 
 term in the summer of 1879 the congregation wor- 
 shipped in a large tent on Kaighn Avenue, above 
 Second Street. In 1880 Rev. John Boswell was 
 appointed to the charge. The membership of 
 school and church had greatly increased. A build- 
 ing committee was appointed, and the same year the 
 present church on Kaighn Avenue was commenced. 
 The basement was built the same year, but the 
 cold weather prevented the completion of the 
 church, and a large frame pavilion, thirty by sixty 
 feet, was put up within the walls and upon the 
 lower joists for a foundation. In this the congre- 
 gation woi-shipped until 1882, and in the mean 
 time the work on the church progressed, the walls 
 and roof covering the pavilion completely before 
 it was taken down and removed. The congrega- 
 tion then worshipped in a large tent which was 
 put up at Third Street and Sycamore. 
 
 On October 7, 1882, the church was dedicated by 
 Bishop Hurst. The society had then two hundred 
 and forty communicant members and about five 
 hundred members in the Sunday-school. The 
 Rev. B. C. Lippincott was the next minister, and 
 
474 
 
 HISTOKY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEKSEY. 
 
 was followed by the Kev. Charles F. Downs. In 
 1885 the Kev. James E. Lake assumed the charge 
 of the congregation, and the nameof Kaighn Ave- 
 nue Methodist Episcopal Church was adopted. 
 At this time there was a large debt and they were 
 unable to meet the payments. The church was 
 threatened with dissolution, but Eev. James E. 
 Lake determined to avert the calamity, and 
 through his perseverance, by the large collections 
 which he raised from contributions in other 
 churches and by contributing largely from his own 
 personal effects, he succeeded in liquidating the 
 largest portion of the indebtedness, leaving only a 
 small amount to be paid by the congregation. His 
 earnest efforts in the behalf of hi^ congregation 
 have proved very successful. 
 
 Bethany Methodist Episcopal Church. — 
 January 9, 1881, in response to a call, about tv^enty 
 persons assembled in the basement of a one-story 
 building situated on the south side of Federal 
 Street, near the railroad, and organized as the 
 " Third Street Mission." The first board of officers 
 was composed of Lewis R. Wheaton, Asa R. Cox 
 and Charles Wentzell. The teachers appointed 
 were Robert Miller and A. Busby, The accommo- 
 dations at this place were very meagre, — a few 
 wooden benches without backs, a small number of 
 Bibles and reading-books, but the untiring efforts of 
 the members of this mission were rewarded by the 
 attendance of a large nu nber of scholars and ca- 
 pable teachers. In 1882 the mission removed to a 
 room on Ninth Street. It soon became necessary 
 to remove to a larger room or hall. The committee 
 secured the old store-house on Federal Street, near 
 the railroad, at a rental of eight dollars per month, 
 and fitted it up for services and Sunday-school 
 purposes. This change was beneficial and success- 
 ful to the mission and also to the school, and gave 
 assured indications of establishing a church. On 
 June 11, 1884, the members who had attended 
 these services separated from the Third Street 
 Church and were organized into a church by Rev. 
 J. B. Graw, D.D., and took the name of Bethany, 
 which was suggested by Mrs. S. Moslander, who 
 had taken an active interest in the welfare of the 
 mission, and is at present a prominent member of 
 the church. The Rev. J. D. Sleeper had been as- 
 signed to the Camden mission, and it was believed 
 that other missions would unite with them and 
 make a fair charge, but this could not be done, and 
 in consequence he devoted all his time to this new 
 church. In 1885 Rev. E. C. Hults was sent to 
 look after the interests of Bethany, and before the 
 close of the year a season of religious revival 
 added a large number to the membership of the 
 
 church. In 1886 Rev. R. Harris was assigned to 
 this charge. A lot, at the corner of Tenth Street and 
 Cooper was secured and a neat one-story building 
 erected in 1886. The church membership is one 
 hundred and fifty and the Sunday-school has one 
 hundred and twenty-five scholars, under the care of 
 E. Butler as superintendent. 
 
 Scott Methodist Episcopal Church is lo- 
 cated on Philip Street, above Ferry Avenue. The 
 nucleus of this church was eight members of the 
 old Wesley Church, who, in 1856, worshipped in 
 the cellar of the houtfe of Aaron Connor, on Kos- 
 suth Street, fur which they paid a rental of fifty 
 cents a month. The services were conducted by 
 Rev. Peter Wise, of the John Wesley Oliureh, of 
 Philadelphia. In 1857 they worshipped in the 
 house of Mrs. Lyons, on Hooly Street (now 
 Eighth). In 1858 a one-story frame church build- 
 ing was erected on Eighth Street and paid for by 
 the original eight members, who instituted a num- 
 ber of camp-meetings, known as twodays' meetings 
 and also held entertainments. The church wi's 
 built by James Peacock and finished in 1858; the 
 Rev. Henry A. Brown ofiiciated at the dedicatory 
 services. The pastors of this congregation, in 
 order of succession, have been Revs. Peter Wise, 
 Isaac Henson, Robert Robinson, Wilmer Elsey, 
 Isaiah Broughton, Stephen Johns, John Marshall, 
 Peter Burrough and John S. Holly. During the 
 first year of the ministry of Rev. J. S. Holly the 
 initiatory steps were taken to build a larger church, 
 the old one being too small to accommodate the con- 
 gregation and Sunday-school. In 1882 the present 
 brick church was erected on Philip Street, above 
 Ferry Avenue. This church is two stories in 
 height, with basement rooms, large auditorium 
 in the second story and large gallery across the 
 front, and cost six thousand five hundred dollars. 
 The congregation has one hundred and thirty 
 communicants, the Sunday-school one hundred 
 members, of which Lawrence Rhoads is the super- 
 intendent. Rev. John Hubbard succeeded Rev. 
 J. S. Holly and the present minister of the congre- 
 gation is Rev. John J. Campbell. 
 
 Macedokia Methodist Episcopal Church 
 of Camden is situated on Spruce Street, below 
 Third. In 1832 Mrs. Anna George, a resident of 
 South Camden, began a series of prayer-meetings 
 in different houses on Spruce Street, below Third, 
 and at the meeting in the house of Benjamin 
 Wilson resolutions were adopted for the building 
 of a small church. In 1833 the corner-stone was 
 laid, and the church, a one-story frame building, 
 twenty by thirty feet, was completed and dedicated 
 with appropriate ceremonies by the Rev. Joseph 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 475 
 
 Caul. This church was the first one built by any 
 congregation of colored people in Camden County. 
 Historic as it was, for the reason first mentioned, it 
 was destroyed by fire in 1837. A brick church, 
 thirty by forty feet, was then built on the site of 
 the one destroyed, and finished in 1838. At this 
 time there were thirty-four members of the church 
 and twenty-six children in the Sunday-school. 
 In 1850 the church was rebuilt with larger di- 
 mensions to meet the wants of the increasing 
 membership. Between 1850 and 1883 the congre- 
 gation enjoyed a prosperous and steady gain in 
 membership. In 1882 the land adjoining the 
 church, thirty by one hundred feet, was purchased, 
 and in 1883 a two-story brick building, forty by 
 seventy-five feet, was built by James Aspen, con- 
 tractor, with basement , auditorium and front 
 gallery. It has a seating capacity of eight hun- 
 dred persons. This church was dedicated by 
 Bishop Campbell. There were then two hundred 
 and forty communicant members in the congrega- 
 tion and one hundred and fifty-five pupils in the 
 Sunday-school, with William S. Darr as the 
 superintendent. The ministers of this church, in 
 succession have been as follows : Revs. Richard 
 Williams, John Cornish, Joshua Woodlin, John 
 Boggs, Israel Scott, George Grinley, Henry Davis, 
 Abraham Crippin, William D. Schureman, James 
 Fuller, George W. Johnson, George E. Boyer, 
 Theophilus Stewart, Leonard Patterson, Frisby J. 
 Cooper, Jeremiah Turpin, Michael F. Sluby, 
 Robert J. Long, John W. Cooper, P. L. Stanford, 
 William H. Yocum and A. H. Newton, the present 
 pastor. 
 
 At this date (1886) the church has two hundred 
 and seventy-six members on its roll and there are 
 one hundred and seventy-four members in the 
 Sunday-school, under Samuel Hunt as superin- 
 tendent. 
 
 ZiON Wesley Church is situated on the 
 corner of Ann Street and Sycamore. It was 
 first known as the Wesley Church. The congre- 
 gation is the outgrowth of a number of prayer- 
 meetings which were held in different houses in the 
 vicinity of the church in 1851 and 1852. The first 
 meeting was held in the house of William Christo- 
 pher, on Kaighn Avenue. The ministers who 
 officiated at the original meetings were Revs. 
 George Johnson and Mrs. Mary Adams. The 
 latter had been a missionary to Africa for five 
 years, took a great interest in the endeavor to 
 organize a church society and collected funds to 
 purchase a lot as a site for a church building. In 
 1853 funds had been raised to build a one-story 
 frame church, which was completed the same year 
 
 and dedicated by Bishop Clinton, of Philadelphia. 
 Thirty-five persons joined the church, and a Sun- 
 day-school was started with forty members in 
 attendance. The church was soon after rebuilt 
 with greater dimensions, but as the church records 
 are incomplete, the exact date of rebuilding is 
 unknown. In 1880 the old church building was 
 taken down and a large two-story brick one, forty 
 by seventy feet, with vestry rooms and gallery, was 
 built, and dedicated with the present name of 
 Zion Wasley Church. The congregation was then 
 under the pastoral care of Rev. Joseph P. Thomp- 
 son. The ministers who have been assigned by 
 Conference to this charge are Revs. Thomas 
 Castor, George Johnson, Arthur J. Scott, William 
 H. Blackston, George Hilton, George Bausley, J. 
 B. Truster, Joseph P. Thompson, Andrew Jackson, 
 Abraham Anderson and John H. White. The 
 congregation in 1886 has one hundred and thirty 
 members. The Sunday-school has eighty pupils. 
 Bethel Methodist Episcopal Church is 
 situated on Maple Street, below Ferry Avenue. 
 This congregation originated from a small Sunday- 
 school and series of prayer-meetings which were 
 held in the house of John Morris, on South Street, 
 in 1863, and in a tent which was put up on the 
 site where the present church has been built. In 
 1864 sufiicient money was collected to enable the 
 young congregation to purchase this small lot and 
 build a one-story frame church. The builder, 
 Adam Sparrow, completed it in 1864. It was 
 dedicated the same year. Bishop Campbell of- 
 ficiating at the dedicatory services. The Rev. 
 John Boyer was the first pastor, and the congre- 
 gation increased under his ministry, as also the 
 Sunday-school under the superintendence of 
 James Dicks. The ministers who have served 
 here in succession since the time of organization 
 have been Rev. John Boyer, Elders Watson, 
 Cooper, Sluby, Garrison, Turner, William, Sturgis 
 and Mills, Rev. John Whitecar and Rev. Josiah 
 Smith, the present pastor. The church now has 
 eighty communicants; the Sunday-school has 
 forty-two members* Daniel Emmons is the super- 
 intendent. 
 
 Union American Methodist Episcopal 
 Church, Chestnut Street, above Seventh, was 
 founded by Rev. Peter Spencer, of Wilmington, 
 Del., and it is known as a branch of the African 
 Union Church, of that city. In 1853 a series of 
 prayer-meetings were conducted in the house of 
 D. Butler, on Newton Street, also in the houses of 
 Sarah Stewart and Sarah Wheeler, under the di- 
 rection of Rev. John Reed. In 1855 funds were 
 collected, and a small frame house on Newton 
 
476 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Street, above Seventh, was purchased, and moved 
 to a site near the corner of Ann Street and Newton 
 Street. It was then converted into a small church 
 by building an addition to the rearof it, and other 
 improvements were added. A large number of 
 communicants were admitted to membership in the 
 newly-formed society, and the Sunday-school grew 
 ;ind prospered under the direction of Christopher 
 Berry. The original building in which these peo- 
 ple worshipped was too small ; hence, in 1879, it was 
 decided to build a larger and more convenient 
 church. Under the auspices of a building commit- 
 tee, the present large two-story brick church, forty 
 by seventy feet, was built in 1880 and dedicated by 
 Bishop Ramsey, of Woodstown, N. J. The relig- 
 ious services of this church are yet conducted in 
 the large basement-room of the church building; 
 the auditorium on the second floor, though, will 
 soon be completed. The first pastor who minis- 
 tered to the wants of this congregation was the 
 Rev. Henry Mood, who was followed by Rev. Isaac 
 Williams, and he by the present pastor, Rev. 
 Asbury Smith. The church membership is about 
 one hundred. In the Sunday-school, of which 
 William Saunders is superintendent, there are 
 eighty children. At the time of the dedication of 
 the new church the name of the " African Union 
 Church'' was changed to " Union American Meth- 
 odist Episcopal Church." 
 
 Memorial Methodist Protestant Church 
 is situated on Liberty Street, above Third. Relig- 
 ious services of this denomination were first held 
 weekly in Camden, in 1865, at the the house of Mrs. 
 Robinson and Mrs. Salinda Smith, on Kaighn 
 Avenue, which resulted in efiecting an organiza- 
 tion, and during the fall of 1865 the newly- 
 formed society obtained the use of the second 
 story of a frame building at Second Street and Pine, 
 owned by the City Fire Department. Rev. Frank 
 Fletcher, the first pastor, by the end of. the first 
 year, had secured a church membership of ninety 
 communicants and established a Sunday-school in 
 connection with the congregation. In 1866 a 
 church building, thirty-two by forty-eight feet, 
 was erected on Broadway, below Kaighn Avenue, 
 and the Rev. Boston Corbett ' was chosen the second 
 pastor. 
 
 In 1867 Rev. William Staulcup became pastor, 
 continued until 1874 and was succeeded by Rev. 
 J. K. Freed, during whose ministry a new brick 
 church, forty by sixty feet, was built upon the site 
 of the old one. In 1877 Rev. C. Applegate suc- 
 
 1 Sergeant Boston Corbett, above mentioned, is the person who, 
 as a soldier, shot John Wilkes Booth, the aasaesin of President 
 Abraham Lincoln. 
 
 ceeded, and in 1879 the Rev. William Staulcup 
 was returned to this congregation. At this period 
 an exchange of the original church building 
 was made for a desirable church and grounds 
 on Liberty Street, above Third. The building 
 thus obtained had previously been used by a 
 mission under the auspices of the Fifth Street 
 Church. The exchange enabled the congregation 
 to cancel all indebtedness. In 1883 Rev. John 
 Clark became pastor, but on account of his sickness 
 the charge of the congregation was transferred 
 to his grandson, Rev. Robert Sinkinson, who served 
 until his grandfather's death, in 1885. Under 
 his ministrations over one hundred, members were 
 added to the church, and the Sunday-school, under 
 the care of Frank Fennimore as superintendent, 
 had increased in number to three hundred mem- 
 bers. In January, 1886, Rev. Charles D. Sinkin- 
 son, brother of the previous pastor, was assigned to 
 this pastoral charge. During the pastyear(1886) 
 the church building was extended forty feet to the 
 rear, with a deep recess and an additional story 
 added ; when thus completed, it will have a seat- 
 ing capacity for six hundred persons. The present 
 membership is two hundred and forty, and the 
 Sunday-school has three hundred and fifty mem- 
 bers, with Theodore Darnell as superintendent. 
 
 The First Baptist Church of Camden.^ — 
 Early in the present century a few Baptists from 
 Cohansey settled in Camden. They promptly united 
 with the First Baptist Church of Philadelphia, 
 and, notwithstanding the difficulties and dangers 
 of crossing the Delaware (with the rude facilities 
 of the time), regularly attended its services. But 
 provision for their own spiritual needs did not ex- 
 haust their sense of obligation. Loyalty to God 
 and His truth, and an ardent desire for the salva- 
 tion of men, demanded of them the preaching of 
 the gospel to their own townsmen. 
 
 The Village Academy, located at Sixth and 
 Market Streets, was their first public meeting-place. 
 There, under the occasional ministry of Rev. Henry 
 Halcomb, D.D., of Philadelphia, and others, be- 
 gan the work of the Baptist denomination in what 
 is now the city of Camden. Soon a strong oppo- 
 sition revealed itself, that closed the doors of the 
 Academy against the little band, whose only of- 
 fense was faithful adherence to Scriptural teaching 
 and practice. 
 
 Though subjected to great inconvenience by 
 this privation, they pushed forward the work to 
 which they believed God had called them with un- 
 daunted purpose and unabated ardor. Private 
 
 2By Rev. I. C. Wynn, D.D. 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 477 
 
 houses were opened, and in them the villagers 
 were invited to meet for prayer and conference, 
 and to listen to the preaching of the gospel. 
 
 The first church organization was effected Feb- 
 ruary 5, 1818. Its constituents were Silvanus 
 Sheppard, Phoebe Sheppard, Richard Johnson, 
 Ann Johnson, Isaac Smith, Hannah Ludlam and 
 Eleanor Sheppard. These all came by letters of 
 dismission from the First Church of Philadelphia. 
 At the same time Silvanus Sheppard and Richard 
 Johnson were elected to the diaconate and or- 
 dained. Before the close of 1818, through the 
 self-sacrificing efforts of this heroic little band, 
 the first modest meeting-house rose on the site 
 now occupied by the First Chttrch. 
 
 FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH. 
 
 At this time the cause received valuable aid from 
 the frequent visits and earnest labors of Rev. John 
 Sisty, of Haddonfield. In the early years of its 
 history the growth of the church was greatly hin- 
 dered by the frequent change of pastors, and by 
 long pastorless periods. From the year of its con- 
 stitution (1818) to 1832 it was identified with the 
 "New Jersey Baptist Association," and at the end 
 of that period reported a membership of thirty- 
 seven. The church then withdrew from the New 
 Jersey Baptist Association and became a constitu- 
 ent of the Central Union Association of Pennsyl- 
 vania, organized July 31, 1832. In 1839 it returned 
 to the association in New Jersey, with a member- 
 ship of one hundred and fifty-eight. 
 67 
 
 The year 1842 witnessed the completion of a two- 
 story brick building on the site of the modest struc- 
 ture that for more than twenty years had been the 
 home of the church ; and the little company of 
 seven had grown to two hundred and ten. The 
 pastorate of Rev. Thomas R.Taylor began in 1843 
 and continued to 1854. It was a period of pros- 
 perity and growth to the church. Other pastor- 
 ates had been efficient, considering their brevity. 
 Mr. Taylor's incumbency was the first that was 
 sufficiently protracted to establish wise methods of 
 work in the church, or to measure the pastor's 
 personal influence upon the community. 
 
 In 1848 forty-four members were dismissed to 
 constitute the "Second Baptist Church of Cam- 
 den.'' 
 
 In the twelve years from 1854 to 1866 five pas- 
 torates were crowded. Notwithstanding the fre- 
 quent change of leaders, the church continued to 
 prosper. In 1859 it gave thirty-seven members to 
 constitute the "North Baptist Church.'' In 1861 
 one hundred and fifty-five communicants withdrew 
 to constitute the "Tabernacle Baptist Church." 
 In 1860 the second house was razed, and the pres- 
 ent substantial and commodious building was 
 completed and dedicated in 1864. 
 
 In 1871 a number of communicants withdrew 
 and constituted the " Trinity Baptist Church," 
 perfecting their organization in 1872. 
 
 In April, 1871, negotiations began looking to 
 the union of the First and Tabernacle Churches. 
 The latter, under the pastorates of Rev. A. Earl, 
 Rev. P. L. Davis and Rev. I. C. Wynn, had en- 
 joyed ten years of harmonious and successful ac- 
 tivity, and reported a membership of two hundred 
 and seventy-nine. 
 
 Pending the final decision of an involved legal 
 issue and necessary legislation, the two congrega- 
 tions worshipped together in the house of the First 
 Church from June 4, 1871, to April 1, 1872, when 
 the union was consummated, under the title of the 
 " Fourth Street Baptist Church, of Camden," with 
 an aggregate membership of three hundred and 
 fifty-one. On the 16th of April, 1883, the corporate 
 title was changed to "The First Baptist Church 
 of Camden, N. J." 
 
 The beneficent influence of this union has been 
 felt beyond the limits of the resultant church. It 
 has lessened necessary home expenses, and lib- 
 erated funds to be applied to the mission work of 
 the denomination. Since the union the life of the 
 church has been healthful and vigorous. Its finan- 
 cial interests have been efficiently managed ; 
 $66,202.73 have been expended in the improve- 
 ment of the property of the church and in the 
 
478 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 maintenance of its ministries at home, and 
 $9696.81 have been devoted to the various forms 
 of benevolent activity abroad. 
 
 During the period from April 1, 1872, to July 
 31, 1886, the accessions to the membership have 
 been : By baptism, two hundred and sixty-seven ; 
 by letter, two hundred and seventy-one; by experi- 
 ence, twenty-two ; by restoration, sixteen, — total, 
 five hundred and seventy-six. The reductions 
 have been: By death, ninety-eight; by letter, one 
 hundred and sixty -nine ; by erasure, thirty-four ; by 
 exclusion, sixty-six, — total, three hundred and 
 sixty-seven. The net increase has been two hun- 
 dred and nine, giving a present membership of 
 five hundred and sixty. 
 
 The church has given special emphasis to Bible 
 school work, and in addition to its home school 
 has, for the last five years, sustained a flourishing 
 mission in the southern part of the city. They 
 have an enrollment of seventy officers and teach- 
 ers, and six hundred and thirty scholars. 
 
 REGISTER OF PASTORS. 
 
 Daniel James, May, 1818, to November, 1818. 
 John P. Cooper, December, 1818, to March, 1819. 
 Thomas J. liitts, December, 1819, to March, 1822. 
 Charles J. Hopkins, March, 1823, to July, 1821. 
 Kobert Compton, September, 1 829, to September, 1832. 
 Amasa Smith, January, 1833, to September, 1833. 
 William S. Hall, November, 1833, to Jlay, 1834. 
 Thomas C. Teaedale, January, 1835, to October, 1835. 
 Joseph Sheppard, August, 1836, to May, 1838. 
 N. B. Tindall, Ausust, 1838, to September, 1841. 
 William W. Smith, December, 1841, to September, 1842. 
 Thomas K. Taylor, November, 1842, to January, 1854. 
 John Duncan, May, 1854, to 1857. 
 S. H. Mirick, December, 1857, to 1868. 
 George B. Darrow, from 1859 to 1860. 
 G. G. Ferguson, from 1880 to 1862. 
 B. V. Hedden, from 1862 to 1865. 
 F. B. Rose, from 1866 to 1870. 
 I. C. Wynu, from 1870. 
 
 Present Officers: Pastor, Isaac C. Wynn, D.D. ; 
 Deacons, Adam Angel, David Lack, Ellwood 
 K. Fortiner, Stacy Gaunt, Charles E. Young, 
 E. M. Howard, M.D., Morris W. Hall; Trus- 
 tees, Volney G. Bennett, E. A. Armstrong, A. S. 
 Morton, Edward H. Bryan, S. F. Rudderow, C. 
 K. Middleton, William C. Scudder ; Clerk, Charles 
 A. Morton ; Treasurer, Samuel G. Rudderow. 
 
 Rev. Isaac Caldwell Wynn, D.D., the second 
 son of Benjamin I. Wynn and Susan N. Ray 
 Wynn, was born near Millville, Cumberland 
 County, N. J., on a farm, February 22, 1835. His 
 early education was principally obtained under 
 the tutorship of his father, who, in the intervals of 
 business, devoted his attention to the education of 
 his children. He afterwards entered the univer- 
 sity at Lewisburgh, Pa., and was graduated in 
 
 1858. For ten years after his graduation he was 
 engaged in teaching, a profession to which he 
 had intended devoting his life and in which he was 
 very successful. He occupied in this time the 
 chair of natural sciences in the Upland Normal 
 School and was the principal of the classical 
 academies at Lewisburgh and Danville, all in 
 Pennsylvania. In 1868 he was regularly ordained 
 a Baptist minister, and took charge as pastor of 
 the Baptist Church at Hatboro', Montgomery 
 County, Pa. He remained as paslor there until 
 July 1, 1870, when he entered the pastorate of the 
 Tabernacle Baptist Church in Camden, going with 
 it in its union with the First Baptist Church. He 
 received, in the year 1879, the degree of Doctor of 
 Divinity from the university at Lewisburgh. In 
 1885 the Legislature of New Jersey elected him 
 one of the trustees of the State Normal School, 
 which made him ex-officio a member of the State 
 Board of Education. His services here have been 
 greatly appreciated by his colleagues and by State 
 oflScers. For his piety, his learning, his eloquence 
 as a preacher and the fraternal affection with 
 which he discharges the duties of his office as 
 pastor, he has won the love of his entire church 
 and the respect and esteem of the whole com- 
 munity. His pastorate is the longest continuous 
 One in the West New Jersey Baptist Association. 
 Dr. Wynn's wife is a daughter of the Rev. Wil- 
 liam P. Maul. They have no children. 
 
 The Second Baptist Church was constituted 
 in 1848 with forty-six constituent members, mostly 
 from the First Baptist Church, Camden, Thomas 
 Shields and Joseph Matlack were the first dea- 
 cons. The church built a two-story brick meeting- 
 house on the southeast corner of Fourth and Divi- 
 sion Streets, which they sold, in 1867, to the Roman 
 Catholic Church of St. Peter and St. Paul, and 
 erected a meeting-house on the southwest corner 
 of Fourth and Mount Vernon, of brick, two stories 
 high and costing, with ground, eighteen thousand 
 dollars. This they still occupy. When the loca- 
 tion was changed, in 1867, a large number of the 
 members, including the pastor, Mark R. Watkin- 
 son, withdrew and formed the Broadway Baptist 
 Church. The membership now numbers one hun- 
 dred and thirty. These have been pastors, — 
 Matthew M. Semple, M.D., Thomas C. Trotter, 
 Alexander Clark, Thomas Goodwin, Francis Cail- 
 hopper, John C. Hyde, Mark R. Watkinson, 
 Charles W. Deitz, Samuel Hughes, William W. 
 Dalbey, Matthew M. Finch, Frank B. Rose (sup- 
 ply), William Lawrence, John D. Flansburg. 
 
 Third Baptist Church is situated on Broad- 
 way, above Vanhook Street. July 14, 1852, Jon- 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 479 
 
 athan J. Cox, Harry Blanford, John SMll, John 
 Shield, Benjamin Muir, Benjamin Ballard, Agnes 
 Shill, Matilda Shill and Matilda Ballard, princi- 
 pally members of the Second Baptist Church of 
 Camden, and Bev. Thomas C. Trotter, the pastor, 
 met at the house of John Shill, in Stockton, and 
 formed "The Baptist Society," of which Datus 
 Drury, B. Ballard and T. 0. Trotter were appointed 
 a building committee. August 15th, a Sunday-school 
 was organized with J. J. Cox superintendent, 
 and Harry Blanford, Matilda Shill, Mr. and Mrs. 
 Basford and Lizzie Price as teachers. The school 
 continued to meet at the house of John Shill and 
 the society at J. J. Cox's, on Ferry road, until 
 1854, when the meeting-house, on Vanhook Street, 
 near Sixth, was completed. Among those who 
 preached for this society were Revs. Thomas C. 
 Trotter, Edward G. Taylor, David Spencer and 
 John Sisty. The society prospered, and resolving 
 to form a church, met August 1, 1855, and consti- 
 tuted the " Stockton Baptist Church," composed 
 of the following-named members : Jonathan Cox, 
 John C. Taylor, Harry Blanford, John Jones, 
 Rebecca Fults, James Jones, Mary E. Cox, Mary 
 Ann Taylor, Matilda Blanford, Mary Jones, Mar- 
 garet Ewell and Elizabeth Ewell. On August 6th 
 of the same year a council, with Rev. John Dun- 
 can, D.D., of Camden, as moderator, was called, at 
 which the young church was recognized and ad- 
 mitted into the fellowship of the West New Jersey 
 Baptist Association. The church procured sup- 
 plies for many years, among whom were Revs. 
 William James, John E. Barnes, Walter Patton 
 and Adam Hayberry. In 1861 Rev. E. V. Glover, 
 who had been serving the church, assumed the 
 pastorate, and, by his earnestness and helpful ways, 
 did much for his people during his stay of fifteen 
 years. In 1863 the old meeting-house was sold to 
 the Church of Our Saviour, and a new one of 
 brick, with a seating capacity of four hundred, 
 built on the site now occupied. In 1871 Stockton 
 was annexed as the Eighth Ward of Camden, and 
 an act was obtained from the Legislature changing 
 the name of this society to the Third Baptist 
 Church of Camden. Mr. Glover resigning in 
 1876, Rev. George H. MacClelland filled the pulpit 
 until February, 1877, when Reece W. Perkins, 
 then pursuing a post-graduate course in Crozer 
 Theological Seminary, accepted a call, and being 
 ordained, became the pastor. In 1880 a large 
 addition of brick, twenty-five by sixty feet, placed 
 transversely in the rear, for Sunday-school pur- 
 poses, was built and the main structure renovated, 
 chiefly under the direction of James F. Baird, 
 who, one of the first, had also been one of the 
 
 most helpful members. Under the pastorate of 
 Rev. Mr. Perkins, the church has grown from a 
 weak, struggling interest, needing constant assist- 
 ance, to a strong, self-reliant body, helping others. 
 It has two promising young men studying for the 
 ministry, — JamesS. Braker, at Lewisburgh Univer- 
 sity, and Charles E. Woodruff, son of the late 
 Elmer C. R. Woodruff, who for many years was a 
 stanch pillar of the church. Under the efficient 
 labor of the present pastor, the debt has been de- 
 creased to a nominal amount, the contributions 
 have tripled and the membership more than dou- 
 bled, now numbering two hundred and twenty ; 
 while the Sunday-school, under the superintend- 
 ency of Theodore B. Davis, numbers three hun- 
 dred pupils, with twenty-five officers and teachers. 
 The officers of the church are, — Pastor, Rev. Reece 
 W.Perkins; Clerk, Charles E. Woodruff; Treas- 
 urer, Theodore B. Davis ; Deacons, William 
 Wright, William E. Gilling, T. B. Davis, George 
 T. Clarke; Trustees, William C. Clarke, Elmer E. 
 Wright, Levi B. Jess, Arthur Crouch, William H. 
 Smith, George J. Stites and John W. Whitecar. 
 
 North Baptist Chukch.' — In 1855 Rev. E. V. 
 Glover and Mrs. H. P. Hale, members of the First 
 Baptist Church of Camden, began a series of meet- 
 ings in private houses remote from the church, de- 
 signed for the benefit of infirm and indifferent mem- 
 bers who seldom enjoyed the services of the church. 
 In the search for a suitable place for holding meet- 
 ings in the vicinity of Coopers Point, a large popu- 
 lation was found destitute of both religious and sec- 
 ular instruction. In 1856 an attempt to establish 
 a Sunday-school failed for want of a suitable room. 
 In 1857 a large hall in the silk-factory on the 
 northwest corner of Front Street and Pearl was 
 offered gratuitously by the proprietor, German 
 Foss, in which to hold a Sunday-school. Sep- 
 tember 7, 1859, an organization was effected by 
 choosing Rev. E. V. Glover, superintendent; 
 Adam Angell, assistant ; Henry Samuel, secre- 
 tary and librarian ; Mrs. H. P. Hale, superinten- 
 dent of the infant department. The following 
 were appointed teachers : Joseph Whitman, Mrs. 
 Louisa Hindle, Mrs. Anna Briggs, Miss Louisa 
 Woolston, Mrs. H. Foss and Miss Addie McCul- 
 ly. The school began with eighty-eight scholars. 
 It continued to meet in the silk-factory until 
 January, 1859, when it was transferred to the fac- 
 tory of E. W. Williamson, corner of Second Street 
 and Birch, where it was held until July 31, 
 1859. The influence of the school made itself 
 manifest and the number of members rapidly 
 increased. 
 
 1 By Rev. W. T.Burns. 
 
480 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 An equally important factor in the new enter- 
 prise was the meeting for adults begun on Sun- 
 day, October 18, 1857, and continued, on Sunday 
 at the hall and on Tuesday at the residence of Mr. 
 Ellis, on Birch Street, until the removal to the 
 building of Mr. Williamson. 
 
 The need of larger and permanent quarters had 
 now become so pressing that on January 26, 1859, 
 the First Baptist Church appointed Rev. E. V. 
 Glover, J. D. Tustin and J. S. Collings to take 
 proper steps to procure a suitable house. E. K. 
 Fortiner was afterwards added to the number, and 
 aided greatly in the erection of the new building, 
 which was situated on Elm Street, below Second, 
 and was dedicated July 31, 1859. On the 10th of 
 November, 1859, at the house of Rev. E. V. 
 Glover, a meeting was held, of which Rev. E. V. 
 Glover was chairman and J. D. Tustin cleric, for 
 
 NORTH BAPTIST CHURCH. 
 
 the purpose of organizing a church. It was ordered 
 by the vote of the meeting that steps be taken at 
 once for forming a church ; that a. council of 
 churches be called for November 22d ; that the name 
 " North Baptist Church of Camden, N. J.," be 
 adopted ; that the articles of faith and church 
 covenant as contained in the Baptist Church Man- 
 ual, by Rev. J. Newton Brown, be adopted ; that 
 regular services be held on Sunday morning and 
 evening and on Tuesday and Friday evenings ; and 
 that Bro. E. S. Read be employed to labor as a 
 colporteur for one month from November 8th, at a 
 salary of five dollars per week. The church thus 
 organized was recognized by a council of 
 
 churches held November 29th, and the services in 
 recognition of the new church were conducted at 
 the First Baptist Church by Revs. G. G. Ferguson, 
 E. D. Fendall, J. E. Wilson, F. T. Cailhopper 
 and J. Hyatt Smith. 
 
 The names of thirty-seven members thus recog- 
 nized as the North Baptist Church of Camden 
 are these, — 
 
 Blisha V. Gluver. Matilda B. Glover. 
 E. V. Glover, Jr, George Glover. 
 Catherine Kain. Enieline Lewis. 
 Lydia Rowand. Mary E. Rowand. 
 AnnaM. Briggs. Margaret A^aiighan. 
 Joiin D. Tustin. Susanna A. Tustin. 
 Eliza. E. Tustin. Matilda CliiBm. 
 Stacy Gaunt. F. P. Middleton. 
 
 Susan Cowan. Beborah Cowan. 
 
 Peninah Nash. Barbara Nash. 
 \Vm. H. Tash. Agnes Nash. 
 Adaline McCully. Anna Campbell. 
 
 Georgianna Tice 
 
 Amelia M. Glover. 
 .Joseph H. Kain. 
 Joseph T. Rowand. 
 Harriet P. Hale. 
 Eliza Vaughan. 
 Mary E. Tustin. 
 Edward A. Miles. 
 Ashly B. Lucas. 
 .T. Stokes Nash. 
 Sophia B. Nash. 
 Edward 0. Hale. 
 Mary Anna Ran ger. 
 
 Of these original thirty-seven, six are still mem- 
 bers. The church began its history with a small 
 body, but with a live root ; and this living root, 
 planted in a favorable place, soon showed a vigor- 
 ous growth. On December 2, 1859, Rev. R. S. 
 James, D.D., was called to the pastorate, began 
 January 1, 1860, and continued till the last Sunday 
 in 1863, when the church, having decided on the 
 erection of a larger meeting-house, and Dr. James 
 feeling his strength unequal to the extra labor 
 involved, resigned, and on January 12, 1864, Rev. 
 S. C. Dare, previously pastor of the church at 
 Cureton, N. J., was chosen. During this pastor- 
 ate the present church edifice, corner of Second 
 Street and Pearl, was built at a cost of about 
 thirty-five thousand dollars and the church was 
 largely prospered in spiritual as well as in tempo- 
 ral matters. Mr. Dare resigned February 16, 1868, 
 and on March 23, 1868, Rev. A. G. Thomas, pas- 
 tor of the church at Mount Holly, was unani- 
 mously elected to thepastorate. His administration 
 continued until December 25, 1870, when, in con- 
 sequence of a serious affection of the throat, he re- 
 signed. Rev. J. E. Chambles, of Baltimore, was 
 called to become pastor March 8, 1871. He began 
 his work the 1st of April ensuing and continued 
 until May 1, 1878. On July 9, 1873, a call was ex- 
 tended to Rev- R. G. Moses, lately of Plymouth, 
 England. During this pastorate, which continued 
 for eight years, one hundred and siity-eight were 
 added to the church, a new mission building was 
 built at a cost of four thousand dollars and large 
 improvements were made in the meeting-house. 
 This pastorate ended with the year 1881. 
 
 April 4, 1882, a call was extended to Rev. A. E. 
 Rose, pastor of the First Baptist Church of Brad- 
 
THE CITr OF CAMDEN. 
 
 481 
 
 ford, Pa. Mr. Rose began his pastorate April 9, 
 1882. The membership of the church was increased 
 by an addition of one hundred and sixty — one 
 hundred and twenty-four by baptism, thirty-five 
 by letter and one by experience. A new organ, 
 costing two thousand dollars, was placed in the 
 gallery. Mr. Rose resigned his pastorate, to take 
 effect August 5, 1888. 
 
 On December 10, 1888, a call was extended to 
 Rev. W. T. Burns, pastor of the First Baptist 
 Church of Lynn, Mass., which was accepted, and 
 Mr. Burns began his pastorate February 1, 1884. 
 During this pastorate one hundred and sixty-eight 
 have been added to the church. Of these, one 
 hundred and ten havejoined by baptism,forty-five by 
 letter, twelve by experience and one by restoration. 
 An addition has been made to the property of a 
 building for the primary department, costing three 
 thousand dollars; achurch library of two thousand 
 volumes, costing about two thousand dollars, and 
 involving alterations costing one thousand dollars 
 more, has been added. A library-sustaining fund 
 of five hundred dollars a year, for five years to 
 come, has (1886) been subscribed. 
 
 The enlarged accommodations furnished the 
 Sunday-school by the building of the annex for 
 the primary department, have been taken up by the 
 growth of the school, the average attendance for 
 May, 1886, showing an advance of twenty-one per 
 cent, over that of May, 1885. The growth of the 
 school is largely due to the energy and faithful 
 personal attention to its work of the superintend- 
 ent, F. W. Ayer, seconded by a faithful and well- 
 disciplined corps of teachers. In December, 1885, 
 letters were granted to fifty-three members of this 
 church for the purpose of uniting to organize the 
 Linden Baptist Church, to be situated at the cor- 
 ner of Ninth Street and Linden. Notwithstand- 
 ing this large subtraction from the roll of the 
 church, the vacant places have been very rapidly 
 filled. 
 
 The Bkoadway Baptist Church was located 
 at Broadway and Cherry Street and was consti- 
 tuted in April, 1867, by Rev. Mark R. Watkinson, 
 the pastor, and forty-seven members of the Second 
 Baptist Church, who, withdrawing therefrom, 
 formed the new church, with John B. Stygale, 
 John Osier and Augustus M. Crissy, deacons. The 
 ground on Broadway, below Spruce, was obtained, 
 and on the St. John Street front was erected a 
 brick building, in which the society worshipped 
 until 1870, when a stone meeting-house was built 
 on the Broadway end of the lot, at a cost of nearly 
 eighteen thousand dollars. The pastors who 
 served this church were Revs. Mark R. Watkin- 
 
 son, E. Evered Jones, Charles Johnson, Andrew 
 J. Hay, E. Dallas Stagers. 
 
 In October, 1877, the church disbanded, and the 
 pastor. Rev. E. D. Stagers, with thirty-six of the 
 members, united and constituted the Tabernacle 
 Baptist Church. 
 
 The Tabernacle Baptist Church was con- 
 stituted in October, 1877, when the pastor and 
 thirty-six of the members of the Tabernacle 
 Church met in a building on Stevens Street, below 
 Fifth, now the property of Hatch Post, No. 37, G. 
 A. R., and formed the new organization. The 
 original members were Rev. E. Dallas Stagers, 
 William S. Kain, Rebecca A. Kain, William W. 
 Kain, Isaac N. Hugg, M.D., Sallie D. Hugg, Re- 
 becca S. Brooks, Harriet S. Brooks, Letitia B. 
 Brooks, Abigail Brooks, Sallie M. S. Brooks, El- 
 len R. Brooks, Lavinia Brooks, Israel Pierson, Er- 
 mina Pierson, Martha Turner, Deborah Webster, 
 Hannah Webster, Mary J. Cordrey, Mary V. S. 
 Drury, Nettie Drury, Stacy Doran, Caroline Do- 
 ran, Mary Jones, Rachel Grifiin, Elizabeth Long- 
 head, Amanda Letourneu, John Miller, Nettie 
 Miller, Jane E. McCay, Abigail Piatt, Emma 
 Quick, Anna Quick, E. E. Wheeler, Emma Selali, 
 Mary E. Fish. 
 
 Rev. E. D. Stagers was chosen pastor, William 
 S. Kain and John Miller were elected deacons and 
 William W. Kain church clerk. 
 
 The church was recognized by a council of 
 Baptist Churches September 2, 1878, and remained 
 in their first location until 1880, when they rented 
 the church erected by the Broadway Church in 
 1870. The church at this time numbered sixty- 
 eight members. Mr. Stagers continued as pastor 
 until April 4, 1881, when he resigned and accepted 
 a call to the Baptist Church at Woodstown, Salem 
 County, where, on Sunday, November 27, 1881, as 
 he finished his morning sermon, he was stricken 
 with apoplexy and in a few moments died. 
 
 After Mr. Stagers left, the pulpit was supplied 
 by several persons until 1882, when IsaaC W. 
 Bagley, a student at Lewisburgh University and a 
 licentiate of the Fourth Baptist Church, Philadel- 
 phia, accepted a call as stated supply and began 
 his labors at that time. The church was in a lan- 
 guishing condition and the membership so scat- 
 tered that less than twenty were found under Mr. 
 Bagley's ministry. However, the church revived 
 and the membership increased. 
 
 April 4, 1886, the church elected trustees and 
 became incorporated, having purchased the build- 
 ing (before that time rented) and with subscription 
 lists sufficient to pay for it. Its seating capacity is 
 between five and six hundred and its value is fifteen 
 
482 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 thousand five hundred dollars. Mr. Bagley was 
 ordained April 10, 1883; and became the pastor, 
 which office he has since filled. 
 
 Deacons : William S. Kain, John Miller,* Datus 
 Drury, Benjamin M. Denny, Thomas E. Arrison,* 
 Theophilus Fox, William Stout, Thomas T. Ellis,* 
 Mark Bareford,* William T. Spiegle.* 
 
 Clerks: William W. Kain, Leaman Eldridge, 
 Jesse C. Dresser, Thomas I. Dunlap.* 
 
 Treasurers : Isaac N. Hugg, M.D., John Hob- 
 son, Theophilus Fox, Thomas R. Arrison, James 
 W. Eldridge, John Dalley.* 
 
 The present officers, in addition to those above- 
 marked with an asterisk, (*) are, — 
 
 Trustees ; George Leathwhite, J. Harry Knerr, 
 William A. Taylor, John Dalbey, Robert H. 
 Comey, George Lovewell, Thomas I. Dunlap; 
 Chorister, Walter F. Wolf keil ; Organist, Anna E. 
 Quint ; Superintendent Sunday-school, John Dal- 
 bey ; Asst. Supt., P. W. D. Harvey ; Secretary, Dal- 
 lis Cann ; Treasurer, T. I. Dunlap ; Librarian, 
 Orme W. Horner ; Infant School Superintendent, 
 Virginia Osier ; Organist, Anna Wolfkeil. 
 
 Tkinity Baptist Church of Camden was 
 organized on the 7th day of December, 1871, by the 
 adoption of a church covenant and articles of faith 
 as recorded in Rev. T. Hiscox's " Baptist Church 
 Directory," pages 154 to 177, inclusive, and the fol- 
 lowing-named gentlemen were duly elected the 
 officers thereof: For office of deacons, Thomas 
 Peak, J. D. Rogers and R. H. Morgan ; for church 
 clerk, Thomas W. Wilkinson ; and at a subsequen t 
 meeting held December 21, 1871, the following- 
 named gentlemen were elected trustees: Isaiah 
 Woolston, E. E. Read, George E. Taylor, William 
 Groves, Alfred McCully, John Burr, William 
 Scudder. 
 
 The membership of the church numbered about 
 ninety-five. Amongst them, we may mention 
 Deacons Thomas Peak and wife, J. D. Rogers 
 and wife, R. H. Morgan and wife, Deacon Jacob 8. 
 Collmgs, Rev. Charles Sexton and wife, Mrs. E. 
 Westcott, Mrs. Anna Davis and Mrs. Amy Ander- 
 son. In a few days after the election of the tru-i- 
 tees, as above stated, they purchased the building 
 known as the Presbyterian Meeting-house, on 
 Fifth Street, above Market Street, in Camden, which 
 purchase was ratified by the church December 28, 
 1871, and on the 7th day of January, 1872, the 
 church held its first public service. Dr. Weston, of 
 Crozer University, preaching the sermon. 
 
 On the 20th day of February the church received 
 recognition in a public manner by pastors and lay 
 members of a number of churches of the same 
 faith and order, the Trinity Church being re- 
 
 presented by J. D. Rogers, E. H. Morgan and 
 Thomas W. Wilkinson. The recognition services 
 were held in the meeting-house purchased by the 
 church. Dr. Sanford, of Salem, preached the ser- 
 mon and Deacon Thomas Peak received the hand 
 of fellowship from the council by the hand of Rev. 
 Mr. Chambles, pastor of the North Baptist Church 
 of Camden. 
 
 On the 22d day of April, 1872, the church, by a 
 unanimous vote, invited Rev. A. H. Lung, of Ger- 
 mantown, Pa., to become its pastor. 
 
 June 2, 1872, Rev. A. H. Lung entered upon 
 his duty as pastor of the church, and after nine 
 and one-half years of faithful and successful labor 
 he resign-ed on March 27, 1882, to accept a position 
 as general secretary of the Home Missionary So- 
 ciety of the State of New York, since which time 
 the church has been very successful in her work 
 under the leadership of Rev. 0. A. Adams, who 
 resigned the pastorate in June of the present 
 year (1886). 
 
 Seventh Baptist Church is situated on 
 Kaighn Avenue. The society that owns and wor- 
 ships in this church is composed of colored 
 people. It was during the year 1856 that a num- 
 ber of colored citizens of Camden met at the house 
 of Mrs. Mary Colding, at No. 736 Chestnut Street, 
 under the auspices of the Shiloh Baptist Church 
 of Philadelphia, and made preparatory arrange- 
 ments toward forming a Baptist Church in Cam- 
 den. Rev. Sampson White conducted a series of 
 prayer-meetings, in the houses of dilTerent mem- 
 bers, for several months continuously, and organ- 
 ized a Sunday-school. In 1857 the first public 
 services were held in a blacksmith's shop, which 
 was used until it was destroyed by fire, in 1858. 
 
 Rev. David Evans, Abraham Fisher and Eliza- 
 beth Moses then took an active part in keeping 
 the church together, and meetings were held in 
 the houses of Rev. David Evans and Mrs. Moses. 
 In 1867 Rev. J. M. Francis was called and dur- 
 ing his pastorate a meeting-house was built. In 
 1873 Rev. Moses Wilcox was called to this charge, 
 and at once adopted measures to complete a two- 
 story brick church building, forty by sixty feet. 
 The pool and auditorium were placed in the second 
 story. It was then dedicated as the Seventh Bap- 
 tist Church of Camden. The membership increased 
 in numbers under its pastor, as well as the Sunday- 
 school, with Abraham Fisher as superintendent. 
 In 1884, through the instrumentality of Rev. Moses 
 Wilcox, the meeting-house was enlarged and an 
 extension of twenty feet built to the rear of it. At 
 present the church has two hundred and sixty 
 members, and the Sunday-school has one hundred 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 483 
 
 and seventy-five pupils and teachers, with John 
 W. Saddler as superintendent. This church has 
 also organized a Mission Sunday-school at Broad- 
 way and Branch Street. Thirty children attend 
 this mission, which is under the care of Mrs. Isa- 
 bella Shipley. 
 
 Linden Baptist Chuech had its beginning 
 November 22, 1863, when Rev. R. S. James, pastor, 
 David S. Stackhouse, Joseph Truman and M. S. 
 James were appointed a committee of the North 
 Baptist Church to look after the religious needs 
 of the northeastern portion of the city, and re- 
 ported a dearth of and desire for religious privi- 
 leges, on the part of the people of that section. 
 Religious services were held December 10th of the 
 year named. Mr. James conducted the services 
 in the Paper-Mill School-house, and the owner, 
 John B. Thompson, granting its use for the pur- 
 pose, a Sunday-school was organized December 
 19th. The officers then chosen were, — Superintend- 
 ent, David T. Stackhouse ; Assistant Superintend- 
 ent, Robert Charles; Secretary, Addle McCully ; 
 Treasurer, Mrs. S. A. Tustin ; Librarian, Edwin 
 B. Robbins. The work began December 27th, with 
 nine teachers and thirty-six pupils. In April, 
 1864, the school was removed to the office of Fur- 
 bush & Gage's machinery factory, and from thence 
 to the house of Hiram McCormick, where it re- 
 mained until December 4th, when the new mission 
 building at Tenth Street and Penn was first occu- 
 pied. In 1866 J. H. Kain became superintendent, 
 and, October 19, 1869, was succeeded by John T. 
 Bottomley, who still fills the office. In 1872 J. 
 Willard Morgan was made secretary, and has since 
 performed the duties of that position. Under this 
 management the school prospered, and through it 
 the North Baptist Church received quite an ac- 
 cession to its membership. In 1880 ground was 
 purchased at Ninth and Linden, and a neat brick 
 chapel erected, with a seating capacity of two hun- 
 dred and fifty in the audience-room. This chapel 
 was dedicated free ofdebt, October 2, 1881. Themis- 
 sion had now become strong enough to walk alone 
 and, December 17, 1885, the twenty-second anni- 
 versary of the mission, a meeting was held, at which 
 it was decided to constitute a church, to be called the 
 Linden Baptist Church. John T. Bottomley and B. 
 M. Denney were elected deacons ; Elmer E. Morton, 
 clerk ; William Hall, treasurer ; and J. W. Mor- 
 gan, F. W. Cramer, William S. Moslander, William 
 Hall, Mary B. Howard and Agnes Nash, trustees. 
 William H. Geistweit accepted a call to the pas- 
 torate, and was ordained January 25, 1886, by a 
 council of Baptist Churches, which, at the same 
 time, recognized the church, preliminariy to its 
 
 admission into the West New Jersey Baptist As- 
 sociation. 
 
 St. Paul's Episcopal Church.' — March 12, 
 1830, a small company of gentlemen met to 
 consult on the advisability of organizing an Epis- 
 copal Church in the town of Camden. There had 
 been occasional services of the. church held in 
 Camden, in the secondstory of the building known 
 as the City Hall, at the present site of Federal Street 
 Market, for some time previous, by several clergy- 
 men of Philadelphia who had agreed among them- 
 selves "to preach" here in turn on Sunday after- 
 noon, " so that it should have, if possible, one ser- 
 vice of the church on every Sunday." In the first 
 report made from the parish after its organization, 
 to the Diocesan Convention, the congregation 
 gave acknowledgments for services to Rt. Rev. 
 Bishop Onderdonk, Rev. Dr. De Lancey, Rev. 
 Messrs. Bedell, Douglass, Mead, Rutlidge, Depuy, 
 Hawks, Boyd, Van Pelt, Allen, Jaquette, Smith 
 and Tyng. After due consultation among those 
 assembled at this preliminary conference, it was 
 "Resolved that the meeting do now institute a 
 Protestant Episcopal Church in the city of Cam- 
 den, under the name of Zion Church, the name 
 subject to be changed if deemed advisable at the 
 time of incorporation." 
 
 On March 26, 1830, the parish was organized 
 and incorporated under the name and title of" The 
 Rector, Wardens and Vestrymen of St. Paul's 
 Church, Camden." The first wardens of the new 
 parish were Josiah Harrison and Isaac Welsh. 
 The vestrymen were Dr. Bowman Hendry, Jere- 
 miah H. Sloan, Richard W. Howell, Gideon V. 
 Stivers, Abraham Browning. Sr., Ebenezer 
 Toole, John Browning, Auley McCalla, Dr. Samuel 
 Harris and Morris Croxall. The deputies to ask 
 admission to the convention were Josiah Harri- 
 son, Jeremiah H. Sloan and Richard W. Howell. 
 
 The first convention after the accession of Bish- 
 op Doane to the episcopate, in 1832, was held in 
 Camden, and in the same unpretending " upper 
 room of the City Hall," which had been used for 
 the services of the young congregation, and in 
 which the meetings for its organization and incor- 
 poration had been held. In September, 1833, the 
 Rev. Samuel Starr, of Connecticut, was appointed 
 by Bishop Doane as a missionary to the church 
 in Camden in connection with the old St. Mary's 
 (Colestown) Parish. The records of the Camden 
 Parish, speaking of this missionary, say : " He was 
 a man of singular energy, and by his exertions in 
 the effort to erect a house of worship in this place, 
 
 1 Compiled from an hiatorical sermon by the Rev. Dr. Gamson, in 
 1880, tlie fiftieth annivoraary of this parish. 
 
484 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 was an enterprise ia which the boldness was only 
 equaled by the success." On February 3, 1834, 
 the vestry, under his energetic influence, took 
 steps toward the building of a church. The 
 parish records state that " The lot marked No. 121 
 in the Map of Camden, and situated on the south 
 side of Market Street, between Fourth and Fifth, 
 was purchased for three hundred dollars, and 
 the lot adjoining was obtained on a perpetual 
 lease on payment of twenty-five dollars per an- 
 num ground-rent, February, 1834." The cor- 
 ner-stone of the church building was laid by 
 Bishop Doane on Tuesday, April 22, 1834. The 
 venerable Bishop White assisted Bishop Doane in 
 the ceremonies. The basement-room was ready 
 for use and services held in it early in 1835. The 
 entire church was completed the same year. 
 
 On June 1, 1835, the Bev. Mr. Starr, who, to 
 this time, had been only a missionary to the par- 
 ish, was elected to the rectorship, and on the same 
 day the building was consecrated by Bishop 
 Doane and the benediction pronounced by Bishop 
 White. The congregation at the end of the first 
 year had twenty-one communicants, and a Sun- 
 day-school had been opened with one hundred 
 children in attendance. In May, 1836, the Rev. 
 Mr. Starr resigned, and on July 25th, Rev. Francis 
 P. Lee became the second rector. The two 
 churches of Camden and Colestown were, from the 
 beginning of the former, a single charge. During 
 the two years' pastorate of Rev. Mr. Lee the num- 
 ber of communicants at St. Paul's increased to 
 forty-one and the Sunday-school was in a prosper- 
 ous condition. On his resignation, in 1838, Rev. 
 Henry Burroughs was elected, and he entered on 
 the joint charge of the two parishes of Camden 
 and Moorestown on November 20, 1838. He 
 retained this until March 7, 1840, when the church 
 in Moorestown severed its connection with Cam- 
 den, and Mr, Burroughs was left with the rector- 
 ship of St. Paul's only. On July 9, 1843, he 
 wrote to the vestry, " My constitution is not 
 suited to this part of the country, and I find myself 
 most reluctantly compelled to resign the charge 
 of this parish." 
 
 On August 23, 1843, the Rev. Joseph M. Ly- 
 brand was elected to the pastoral charge. Under 
 his earnest labors the congregation grew steadily. 
 The church was constructed of unhewn stone, and 
 in 1846 a resolution was passed " that the unhewn 
 stone of the church he covered with rough casting, 
 after the manner of the State House, in Trenton, 
 and squared, in imitation of stone." 
 
 Among the earliest of the institutions for parish 
 aid in this congregation, and one which did much 
 
 good in pecuniary assistance to the church, was 
 the "Ladies' Sewing Society," which was formed 
 in 1835. The object of this organization was to 
 assist in decreasing the debt of the church and 
 render general aid. In 1836, according to a record, 
 the vestry " thanked the society for a splendid 
 service of communion plate and set of lamps for 
 the pulpit." The society ceased to exist in 1860. 
 According to its last report, it had raised for the 
 church over seven thousand dollars. 
 
 In 1844 the church had seventy-two communi- 
 cants, and the contributions amounted to three 
 hundred and eighty dollars. In 1847 the number 
 was ninety, and the contributions eight hundred 
 and thirty eight dollars. Rev. Lybrand had served 
 as rector nearly twelve years ; duringa large portion 
 of that time he was an invalid, but his zeal 
 and interest in his work did not abate. He 
 died on February 14, 1855. Bishop Doane 
 said : " I have known him long and well. I never 
 knew a better man. He was modest, gentle and 
 quiet, yet firm, fearless and indomitable. He said 
 but little, but always what was wise and good and 
 true. His character was beautiful and his services 
 exemplary." 
 
 The vacancy was filled on July 8, 1855, when it 
 was " Resolved that Rev. Dr. Joseph F. Garrison 
 be invited to become the rector of this parish." He 
 entered upon his duties in September of that year, 
 having been ordained deacon on June 3, 1856. The 
 church then numbered seventy-five communicants, 
 a number having joined the St. John's Mission. 
 There were one hundred and fifty children in the 
 iSunday-school, and the number of families in the 
 parish was about one hundred. In 1856 the church 
 building, which was then sixty-five by forty-three 
 feet, was enlarged by adding a crucial transverse, 
 seventy by tweuty-five feet, with a recess of tea 
 feet behind for the chancel. On January 29, 1859, 
 the church was re-opened, Bishop Doane officiat- 
 ing, and the Rev. Dr. Joseph F. Garrison was in- 
 stituted into the rectorship. The cost of the en- 
 largement and repairs was ten thousand five hun- 
 dred dollars; all, excepting five hundred dollars, 
 was contributed by the congregation. One of the 
 causes which called for the election of a rector at 
 Chews Landing Mission was the necessity of Dr. 
 Garrison giving some time to the Cooper Street 
 Mission. A Sunday-school had been taught there 
 by lay members of the parish. In 1877 ground 
 was bought and a neat Gothic building of brown 
 stone was erected for this mission. In the new 
 building this mission has been increasing under 
 the lay reading of the superintendent, Charles 
 Eldred, and later of Joseph Trimble, Jr., Rev. 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 485 
 
 Henry B. Bryand and a committee of lay readers 
 from St. Paul's Guild. 
 
 The history of St. Paul's Parish as a whole, is 
 the record of a quiet growth, marked by no start- 
 ling changes nor checkered by thrilling incidents. 
 Almost the only thing remarkable about it is the 
 general character of uniformity which has per- 
 vaded its modes of work from the beginning. The 
 ministerial changes in St. Paul's Parish have been 
 few. It has had but five ministers in fifty years, 
 and thirty-seven of these years are covered by the 
 rectorship of Revs. Joseph M. Ly brand and Joseph 
 F. Garrison. 
 
 The following summary from the parish register 
 shows the most important changes from 1830 to 
 1880: 
 
 Church Wardens, Isaac Welsh and Josiah Harrison (1830), Thomas 
 Chapman (1841), Richard W, Howell (1843), Edward W. Mumford 
 (1845), Dr. 0. H. Taylor (1847), Thoma* P. Carpenter (1860), Philip 
 J. Grey (1870), Alden C. Scovel (1875), Abraham Browning (1876), 
 Marmaduke B. Taylor (1882). 
 
 Baptisms : From 1830 to 1855, 265 ; from 1865 to 1880, 562,— total, 
 825. Confirmations; From 183'J to 1856, 158; from 1865 to 1880, 
 372,— total, 530. Marriages : From 1830 to 1855, 82 : from 1865 to 
 1882, 202,— total, 284, Funerals ■. From 1830 to 1855, 139 ; from 
 1655 to 1880, 294, — total, 431. Communicants admitted : From 1830 
 to 1855, 321 ; from 1.855 to 1880, 720,— total, 1041. Present number 
 of communicants on the register, 375. Total number of scholars 
 iu Sunday-school, 450. Total number of oflBcers and teachers in 
 same, 45. 
 
 The rectorship of Rev. Dr. Garrison continued 
 until the end of August, 1884. He was elected 
 in June of that year to the "Morehead Pro- 
 fessorship of Liturgies, Canon Law, and Eccle- 
 siastical Polity in the Divinity School in Phila- 
 delphia," and having accepted the position, resign- 
 ed the parish to enter on its duties in the Septem- 
 ber following. 
 
 In December of this same year Rev. Thomas A. 
 Tidball, D.D., of Lexington, Ky., was elected as 
 his successor, and on January 11, 1885, entered on 
 his duties as the sixth rector of the parish. 
 
 On the accession of Dr. Tidball to the rector- 
 ship, a vigorous move was made to improve or 
 increase the church property, which move resulted 
 in the vestry authorizing (on July 22, 1885) the 
 erection of parish buildings in the rear of the 
 church, costing about ten thousand dollars, and 
 the rebuilding of the church, at a cost of five 
 thousand dollars, fitted with memorial furni- 
 ture costing one thousand dollars. Since then the 
 church building has been re-roofed and improved at 
 an expense of above six or eight thousand dollars. 
 This parish notonly keeps up its missionary charge 
 of the chapel at Twefth and Cooper Streets, but is 
 carrying on a vigorous mission at Cramer's Hill, 
 in the neighborhood of the city. 
 58 
 
 The oflBcers of the parish for 1886, are : Rector, 
 Rev. Thomas A. Tidball, D.D. ; Wardens, Abra- 
 ham Browning, Esq., Marmaduke B.Taylor; Ves- 
 trymen, Maurice Browning, William E. Laflferty, 
 Samuel H. Grey, Edward R. Shubrick, Joseph 
 Fearon, William J. Sewell, Dr. H. Genet Taylor, 
 James H. Carpenter, Henry C. Alexander, Robert 
 F. S. Heath, Wilson H. Jenkins, Nathan F. Cowan, 
 Harry Humphreys, Edward H. King; Treasurer, 
 William E. Lafferty; Secretary, James H. Car- 
 penter. 
 
 St. John's Episcopal Church. — St. John's 
 Parish was incorporated January 7, 1852, having 
 been in its inception a mission of St. Paul's Parish, 
 under the Rev. Lybrand. He makes this first men- 
 tion of it in May, 1847 : " Three young men of 
 the congregation have devoted themselves and 
 their means to the service of the church, and 
 expect soon to become candidates for Holy Orders. 
 With their valuable co-operation and with means 
 supplied by a few friends in Philadelphia, I have 
 been able to rent, in the lower part of the city, 
 three-fourths of a mile from the church, a school- 
 house, which will be used as a chapel for the 
 benefit of a much-neglected, yet interesting and 
 respectable, portion of our community. A flour- 
 ishing Sunday-school is already in operation, and 
 as soon as the arrangements are completed, I shall, 
 after the two usual services at the church, hold 
 there a third service at night. So rapidly is our 
 population increasing, and so cheering are the 
 prospects of the church, that I trust this little 
 chapel will prove the beginning of what, after a 
 few years of fostering care will become a second 
 parish." 
 
 The work was carried on regularly for two years, 
 after which the absence of the candidates for 
 Holy Orders and the feeble health of the rector 
 compelled an interruption. In the fall of 1851, 
 Mr. Elvin K. Smith having taken Deacon's Or- 
 ders, returned to the work, and organized the 
 parish, remaining with it until August, 1858. 
 Beginning in November, 1851, services and Sun- 
 day-school were held in a hall at Fourth Street 
 and Spruce. In January, 1853, ground was 
 purchased at Broadway and Roydon Street, and in 
 March the " Floating Chapel of the Redeemer, 
 for seamen of the port of Philadelphia," was 
 bought, removed from its base (two canal-boats 
 braced together), and drawn across the open lots 
 to this site. The removed church, newly named 
 St. John's, was re-occupied on the sixteenth Sun- 
 day after Trinity, September 11, 1853. The zeal 
 of the parish soon began to reach beyond its own 
 borders. In October, 1854, the pastor established 
 
486 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 a weekly cottage lecture in the village of Stockton, 
 one mile south of the church, and this soon devel- 
 oped into a Sunday afternoon service, with Sun- 
 day-school. Here was the first breaking of ground 
 for the Church of Our Saviour. 
 
 .ST. JOHN'S EPISCOPAL CHURCH. 
 
 The following is a list of the successive rectors 
 and clergy of St. John's Parish : 
 
 Elvin K. Smith, January 6, 18.'i2, to August:^, 1858. 
 Thomaw J. Taylor, lo^inn lei/eiis. 
 William Paeemore, July 1, 1859, to May 16, I860, 
 l)r, Coliioun, locinn Icneyis. 
 
 Hiarles H, Albert, Aiigiist 7, ISfid, to .\pril 2;), ISfil, 
 Tlieophilus M, Eoilly, May i5, 1861, to May 3,1870, 
 William M, Keilly, a^ociate rectoi- December 11, 1866 ; rpctor, 
 Way 3, 1870, to August 1, 1870. 
 .Tohn A. Goodfellow, deacon in cliarge. 
 Alexander Fullerton, hciuti tevenf:, October 11, 1871. 
 William S. Boarrlman, March 31, 187w, to August 1, 1874. 
 Joseph P. Taylor, January 14, 1875, to July 26, 18811. 
 Alfred Louderbach, locinii ten^^ns. 
 John Dows Hills, deacin in charge, December 12, 1880, 
 
 The present rector, Rev. John Hardenbrook 
 Townsend, entered upon his duties October 18, 
 1881. 
 
 Just cleared of debt and renovated, the dearly- 
 loved building, thrice consecrated by formal act, 
 by a quarter-century of holy rites, by the toils 
 and tears for its redemption, the holy house acci- 
 dentally took fire on the morning of Christmas 
 day, 1870, and in a short hour was a heap of 
 smoking ruins. Did it seem a whole burnt-offering 
 
 unto the Lord, devoting anew the hearts of His 
 people to fresh efforts for their Zion ? So we may 
 read the prompt resolution of the rector, wardens 
 and vestry to replace the old frame building by a 
 beautiful stone Gothic structure. The corner-stone 
 was laid on April 21st, and the build- 
 ing opened for worship December 3, 
 1871. During the winter of 1884-85 
 the parish building was built, and 
 the interior decorated. On • St. 
 George's day, April 23, 1885, the 
 church was consecrated and the par- 
 ish building formally opened by the 
 bishop of the diocese. The erection 
 and enlargement of the parish build- 
 ing has been naturally accompanied 
 by the formation of the parish guild, 
 with its various auxiliary societies, 
 and by the organization of St. John's 
 Workingmen's Club and Institute. 
 Branch Sunday-schools have been 
 established at several points within 
 the parish limits for the accommo- 
 dation of the increasing member- 
 ship. 
 
 The Church of Our Saviour. 
 —In October, 1854, the Rev. Elvin 
 K.Smith, rectorof St. John'sChurch 
 began a weekly cottage lecture at 
 the village of Stockton, now known 
 as the 'Eighth Ward of Camden, 
 where there were a few families 
 desirous of worshipping God after the manner of 
 their fathers. This service was maintained with 
 var3'ing degrees of regularity and success for sev- 
 eral years. 
 
 In September, 1857, Mr. Thomas Lyle, a candidate 
 for Holy Orders, became Sunday lecturer, holding 
 service every Sunday afternoon in an upper room, 
 specially set apart and furnished for that purpose, 
 in the house of John Otten, the rector of St. 
 John's preaching once a month, and celebrating 
 the communion once in two months. In Septem- 
 ber, 1859, steps were taken to organize a parish, to 
 be known as the Church of Our Saviour, Stockton, 
 ■and at a meeting held for this purpose the follow- 
 ing were elected as wardens and vestrymen : Senior 
 Warden, John Hare Otten; Junior Warden, 
 Henry Davis; Vestrymen, Charles Drake, 0. J- 
 Search, Henry B. Wilson, Gabriel Johnson, 
 Richard Bunting and James Green. This ofgani- 
 zation, however, was dissolved in 1864. On the 19th 
 of July, 1867, the parish was reorganized ; and, 
 after various struggles, in the latter part of 1873, 
 at the instance of the Rev. Dr. Garrison, dean of 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 487 
 
 the convocation of Burlington, steps were again 
 taken to reorganize it. In 1867, largely through 
 the efforts of Mr. Patroni, a brick building situ- 
 ated on Van Hook Street, near the West Jersey 
 Railroad, which had formerly been used as a Baptist 
 meeting-house, was purchased, and services were 
 held in it until a lot of ground, situated at the 
 aoutheastcornerof Broadway and Viola Street, was 
 deeded by the Manufacturers' Land Improvement 
 Company to the rector, wardens and vestry, and a 
 new building erected thereon. It was constructed 
 of stone donated by John Powell, of Camden; the 
 other materials being supplied by members of the 
 parish and others interested in its welfare. The 
 corner-stone was placed in, November, 1880. In 
 November, 1882, just about two years after the 
 laying of the corner-stone, the building, free from 
 debt, was consecrated by the Right Rev. John 
 Scarborough, D.D., Bishop of New Jersey. From 
 the last reorganization, in 1873, until 1879 services 
 were held chiefly by the Rev. Rees C. Evans, of 
 Gloucester, and students from the West Philadel- 
 phia Divinity School, among whom were Messrs. 
 Winskill, Waller, Powell, Heffern, Bagnall and 
 Post. Jn November, 1 879, the Rev. P. C. Creve- 
 ling, then a teacher in Mr. Reilly's school, in 
 Burlington, began, by appointment of the bishop, 
 to hold services. He continued a year and three 
 months. Shortly after his withdrawal, Rev. J. L. 
 McKim, of St. Mary's Hall, Burlington, assumed 
 charge of the pariah and held regular Sunday and 
 occasional week-day services until Advent, 1882. 
 
 On the first Sunday in Advent of that year the 
 Rev. Wm. B. Thorn entered upon his duties as 
 rector of the parish. The officers at the present 
 time (August, 1886) are,— Rector, Rev. Wm. B. 
 Thorn; Senior Warden, A. A. Shull; Junior 
 Warden, Jaa. F. Sharp; Vestrymen, Lewis K. 
 Kinsell (secretary), John Cottrell, Richard Bunt- 
 ing, Thos. McKenna, John Warnock, Jr., Benj. 
 Thomas and John W. Brooks. 
 
 The First Peesbyteeian Chuech. ' — The 
 Presbytery of West Jersey organized a church in 
 Camden, September 27, 1840, which consisted of 
 twelve members. The Rev. Alexander Heberton, 
 of Salem, N. J., was called to the pastoral charge. 
 Upon his declination of the call, the Rev. William 
 L. McCalla was invited to become the stated sup- 
 ply of the new church for a service of six months. 
 This invitation was accepted by him. An effort 
 was made to erect a house of worship, a lot of 
 ground having been given by Mrs. Alexander 
 Henry, of Philadelphia, and some eight hundred 
 
 1 By Eev. Marcus A. Brownson. 
 
 dollars having been subscribed, as the beginning 
 of a building fund. It was found impossible to ac- 
 complish the desired object. The enterprise was 
 abandoned, and, after a struggling existence of one 
 year and two months, the church was disbanded, 
 on December 1, 1841. 
 
 On the 25th of June, 1846, the present organiza- 
 tion came into being, by act of the Presbytery of 
 West Jersey. On the 6th of October, of the same 
 year, the congregation presented a call to the Rev. 
 Giles F. Manwaring, of the Presbytery Of New York, 
 and on the 13th of April, of the following year, 
 he was installed pastor. William Howell was the 
 first elder. He was installed on the day of the 
 organization of the church, June 25, 1846. The 
 beginnings of the church were small. Two Pres- 
 byterian families were all of this persuasion 
 known when Mr. Manwaring commenced his work. 
 In a school-house in Third Street, between Market 
 and Plum (now Arch), the congregation, varying 
 in size from eight persons to twenty-one, including 
 children, worshipped for a few weeks. In April 
 of 1846 the City Hall, then on Federal Street, 
 above Fifth, was secured for a place of worship, 
 and this continued to be the sanctuary until the 
 rapidly-growing congregation made application to 
 the Presbytery for an organization, which was 
 granted in June of 1846, as stated above. Imme- 
 diately after this it was resolved to erect. a church 
 building. The lot of ground before donated by 
 Mrs. Alexander Henry, and situated on Fifth 
 Street, between Market and Cooper, was again 
 secured through her gift. The corner-stone of 
 the building was laid October 28, 1846. The 
 building was completed eighteen months after- 
 ward. Its cost was five thousand dollars. The 
 Presbyterian Churches of Bridgeton, Pittagrove, 
 Cedarville, Salem, Woodbury, Trenton, Paterson 
 and Burlington assisted in the forming of a build- 
 ing fund. Mr. Manwaring resigned his charge 
 in 1848, leaving a church of fifty-three communi- 
 cant members. He died a few years after. A 
 board of trustees was organized in 1848. Joseph 
 Pogue was made president and Auley McCalla, 
 secretary and treasurer. 
 
 Rev. Robinson P. Dunn, D.D., the second pas- 
 tor, was installed on November 1, 1848. He was a 
 scholarly preacher, and a cultivated Christian gen- 
 tleman. During his ministry of two years and ten 
 months forty persons were added to the member- 
 ship of the church. His resignation was oflFered 
 and accepted April 24, 1851, when he became 
 professor of belles-lettres in Brown University, 
 Providence, R. I. He has since passed from 
 earth. The Rev. Levi H. Chriatian was called to 
 
HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 the pastoral office in the same year, 1851; he 
 remained with the church for two years and five 
 montlis. During his ministry forty-five persons 
 united with the church. 
 
 Rev. Daniel Stewart, D.D., began his labors as 
 pastor of the church on April 1, 1854. Until this 
 
 FTERT PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 
 
 time, since the organization of the church, the 
 Board of Home Missions had regularly, each year, 
 supplied financial aid. Nowthe church became self- 
 sustaining. The church building was enlarged in 
 1856, at a cost of two thousand seven hundred and 
 fifty dollars. Two years later, the Sabbath-school 
 rooms were re-furnished, the money necessary for 
 the improvement having been secured through the 
 
 efforts of the officers and teachers of the Sabbath- 
 school. 
 
 The Second Presbyterian Church was organized 
 by the Presbytery of Burlington on March 1, I860. 
 The city of Camden and vicinity, by action of the 
 Synod of New Jersey, a short time before had been 
 transferred from the Pres- 
 bytery of West Jersey to 
 that of Burlington. Isaac 
 Van Horn, an elder of the 
 First Church, was then 
 dismissed, at his own re- 
 quest, with fourteen other 
 members, to form the new 
 organization. The enter- 
 prise had the hearty co- 
 operation of the parent 
 church, and for some years 
 substantial aid was given 
 to assure its success. Dr. 
 Stewart resigned his charge 
 in 1861. He is now living 
 -- in the city of Minneapolis. 
 
 J^;^ He was a most faithful pas- 
 
 '-v^ torand a forciblepreacher. 
 
 ''%,,i^^/ - - Rev. Villeroy D. Reed, 
 
 -^3SS-#5Ji D. D., became the pastorof 
 
 I' ,: ^J ^k^.i- the church in 1861, and 
 
 , : J=: --^-'~- -:? - for twenty-three years con- 
 
 -r & -/y- tinned his labors. His 
 
 earnest preaching was fol- 
 lowed by most blessed 
 spiritual results through 
 his ministry here. There 
 were constant addilions to 
 tlie membership of the 
 church. Upon one occa- 
 sion thirty-two persons 
 confessed their failhinthe 
 Christ ; upon another forty- 
 eight persons entered the 
 church by this method of 
 admission. Through the 
 course of Dr. Reed's min- 
 istry three hundred and 
 twenty-eight were received 
 "on profession of faith." 
 The whole number which have been added 
 in this manner and by letters of dismission from 
 other churches, is seven hundred and forty-seven. 
 TheChristian character of Dr. Reed and his faithful 
 work will long be cherished. During his ministry 
 the house of worship now occupied by the con- 
 gregation was erected. Its corner-stone was laid 
 on the 22d of June, 1871. The building was com- 
 
 li I 
 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 489 
 
 pleted and dedicated to the praise of the Triune 
 God on the 1st day of June, 1873. Its entire cost, 
 including the lot of ground on which it stands, the 
 building itself, the furniture of chureh and chapel, 
 the organ and heating apparatus, was ninety-five 
 thousand dollars. Mr. S. D. Button was the arch- 
 itect. The main building is sixty-five feet wide by 
 one hundred and eight feet deep, and the tower is 
 twenty feet square at the base, and, including the 
 spire, is one hundred and ninety-six feet high. 
 The church is built of three shades of stone, viz. : 
 Connecticut brownstone, West Chester greenstone 
 and Ohio bluestone, presenting an attractive ap- 
 pearance. The chapel, connected with the main 
 building, and built of the same material, is two 
 stories high and forty-one feet front by eighty-one 
 feet deep. The style of architecture is Roman 
 and Gothic. The seating capacity of the church 
 is twelve hundred. 
 
 The following-named gentlemen composed the 
 building committee : Albert W. Markley (chair- 
 man), John F. Starr, Peter L. Voorhees, Charles 
 Stockham, J. L. R. Campbell, John Morgan, 
 Charles A. Sparks. 
 
 The committee on subscriptions was made up of 
 the following-named gentlemen : Joseph D. Rein- 
 both (chairman), Wm. Fewsmith (secretary), 
 Gerard R. Vogels, Wm. Curtiss, J. L. R. Camp- 
 bell, James H. Stevens, Thomas Fitzgerald, Chris- 
 topher A. Bergen, Randal E. Morgan and Isaac 
 Hackett. 
 
 The panic in the money market of 1873 was felt 
 in the financial operations of the congregation. 
 The result was a debt of forty -five thousand five 
 hundred dollars. The interest on this indebted- 
 ness was promptly paid each year when due, and 
 year after year the obligation was reduced in 
 amount. But it was not until the beginning of the 
 year 1886 that the mortgage upon the building was 
 canceled. On January 20, 1885, the indebtedness 
 was found to be nineteen thousand dollars. It 
 was determined by the congregation to remove 
 this during that year; and on Sabbath morning, 
 December 27, 1885, the debt fund was completed. 
 The gentlemen and ladies who composed the com- 
 mittee, by whose efforts the money was secured, 
 were: Edward F. Nivin (chairman), Randal E. 
 Morgan (trustee), Frederick A. Rex (secretary), 
 Wm. Fewsmith, Gerard R. Vogels, L. T. Uerousse, 
 L. H. Kellam, Charles Danenhower, S. T. Ringel, 
 Thomas S. Collings, Frank H. Burdsall, Wm. M. 
 Davison, C M. Williams, R. P. Stewart, H. O. 
 Hildebrand, G. H. Higbee, Mrs. F. C. Woolman, 
 Miss Annie M. Robeson, Mrs. John F. Starr, Jr., 
 Miss Belle Fitzgerald, Mrs. Frank Williams, Miss 
 
 Laura Vogels, Mrs. John W. Yeatts, Miss Hettie 
 Porter, Mrs- G. Buckwalter, Mrs. H. C. Felton and 
 Mrs. M. Hoffman. 
 
 The Rev. Marcus A. Brownson was installed 
 pastor of the church November 13, 1884, and con- 
 tinues in the pastoral oflnce. The other oflicers 
 are (1886) as follows : Elders, John S. Chambers 
 (clerk of session), Wm. Fewsmith, Carlton M. 
 Williams, William B. Robertson, H. 0. Hilde- 
 brand, Charles Danenhower, Gerard R. Vogels and 
 Andrew Abels. 
 
 The following gentlemen have held the ofiice of 
 elder in this church, namely, William Howell, 
 George H. Van Gelder, Isaac Van Horn, James 
 H. Stevens, William Hart, Joseph D. Eeinboth, 
 John Aikman, George W. N. Custis, Jacob H. 
 Yocum, John F. Starr, James A. Armstrong, M.D., 
 Asa L. Curtis, Wm. Howard Curtiss and Robert 
 P. Stewart. 
 
 Deacons, A. T. Dobson, M.D. (treasurer), Wm. 
 J. Searle, Wm. G. Garland, George W- Cole, and 
 Wm. H. Hunterson, Jr. 
 
 Triistees, John F. Starr (president), Wm. Few- 
 smith (treasurer), Edward F. Nivin (secretary), 
 Randal E. Morgan, D. T. Gage and L. T. De- 
 rousse. 
 
 The diaconate has been held also by J. V. 
 Schenck, M.D., B. F. Davis, Thomas Fitzgerald 
 and James A. Armstrong, M.D. 
 
 The following have been members of the board 
 of trustees, namely : Joseph Pogue, George W. 
 Helmbold, George W. Carpenter, Joseph Cas- 
 ner, William Howell, A. McOalla, J^hu Osier, S- 
 L. Stinson, Thomas McKeen, J. V. Schenck, M.D., 
 L, C. Cake, James Caldwell, John Morgan, Chas. 
 P. Stratton, Peter L. Voorhees, Leander N. Ott, 
 Charles J. Hollis, Isaac Van Horn, E. R. Johnson, 
 James H. Stevens, C. P. Vanderveer, A. W. 
 Markley, H. Vanuxem, G. W. N. Custis, 8. L. 
 Davis, Wm. Curtiss, John S. Chambers, Ch. A. 
 Bergen, D. Caldwell, Jno. Stockham, Ch. Stock- 
 ham, M. McDonald, J. L. R. Campbell, A. J. 
 String and S- T. Ringel. 
 
 The communicant membership of the church is 
 five hundred ; the congregation numbers eight hun- 
 dred and fifty. The church and congregation are 
 enjoying great prosperity. 
 
 The Sabbath-school had its beginning in the 
 year 1846- The basement of the building on 
 Fifth Street from the time of its completion was 
 devoted to this purpose. The first organization 
 was very informal. S. D. Wyeth was the superin- 
 tendent for several years. In January, 1855, while 
 S. D. Wyeth was superintendent, the school was 
 organized with a constitution, since which time 
 
490 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 full records have been kept. J. D. Higgins was 
 elected superinteudent, with William Fewsmith as 
 assistant, and Peter L. Voorhees, secretary and 
 treasurer, at the first election under the constitu- 
 tion. May 1855. Forty-six persons became mem- 
 bers of the Sabbath-school Association. Of these, 
 Wm. Fewsmith, Peter L. Voorhees, Henry Van- 
 uxem, B. F. Jaggers and Miss Cornelia Ackley are 
 still active in the Sabbath-school work. 
 
 From 1855 till the present time the following- 
 named persons have filled the office of superin- 
 tendent,— J. D. Higgins, 1855; James H. Stevens, 
 1861 ; Peter L. Voorhees, 1863 ; J. D. Reinboth, 
 1868; James H. Steven.s, 1871; Peter L. Voorhees, 
 1872; J. H. Yooum, 1873; Christopher A. Bergen, 
 1875 ; Asa L. Curtis, 1880 ; C. M. Williams, 1883. 
 
 Large additions to the'membership of the church 
 have been made from the Sabbath-school : In 
 1860, thirty; in 1883, sixteen; in 1884, twenty- 
 three; in 1885, thirty-three; in 1886, forty-three; 
 and in other years smaller additions. 
 
 About two hundred and fifty scholars have 
 united with the church since 1870, according to 
 the record kept by the present secretary, Gerard 
 R. Vogels. One hundred and eighteen of the 
 scholars now in the school are members of the 
 church. The contributions of money, for the work 
 of the schools and for benevolent purposes, have 
 averaged more than four hundred dollars each year. 
 In 1885 the school contributed one thousand and 
 thirty-two dollars, the most of which was applied 
 toward the liquidation of a debt upon the church. 
 The school has two main divisions, — the Primaiy 
 and Intermediate Department, and the Adult De- 
 partment and Bible Classes. In the former, one hun- 
 dred and fifty-five scholars are enrolled, in the latter 
 there are thirty-one classes and two hundred and 
 eighty-five scholars. The officers are as follows : 
 General Superintendent, Carlton M. Williams ; 
 Assistant, Robert P. Stewart; Superintendent of 
 Primary and Intermediate, H. 0. Hildebrand ; As- 
 sistant, John W. Yeatts ; Secretary and Treasurer, 
 Gerard R. Vogels ; Assistant, Miss Edith J. Sleep- 
 er; Librarian, Benjamin F. Jaggers; Assistants, 
 J. F. Sleeper, F. H. Reeder and Albert E. Clark ; 
 Associate Librarian, W. H. Hunterson, Jr.; As- 
 sistant, A. H. Allen ; Organists, Fred. T. Baker 
 and Mrs. H. O. Hildebrand. 
 
 The Central Mission School was organized May 
 9, 1886, in No. 840 Federal Street, with sixty 
 scholars and the following officers : Superinten- 
 dent, Thomas S. Ceilings ; Assistant, William J. 
 Searle; Secretary and Treasurer, R. C. Jones; 
 Librarian, AVm. C. Temple ; Organist, Mrs- B. F. 
 Stiles. 
 
 The Second Presbyterian Church' was or- 
 ganized on the 1st of March, 1860, and, to use the 
 language of its first pastor, it "was launched into 
 being under the fostering care of the First Pres- 
 byterian Church, being born, not as new churches 
 sometimes are, out of disaffection or controversy, 
 but out of love for the Master and for the exten- 
 sion of His kingdom." 
 
 The Central Church, situated at the corner of 
 Fourth Street and Hartman, after a short and 
 precarious existence, had quietly succumbed to the 
 force of circumstances and had been dissolved by 
 the New School Presbytery of Philadelphia. For 
 several years after its dissolution no attempt had 
 been made to reoccupy the field in which it had 
 stood. In 1859, however, Rev. Dr. Daniel Stewart, 
 pastor of the First Church, urged upon his people 
 the importance of forming another Presbyterian 
 Church. A meeting for this purpose was called 
 for March 23, 1859, at which a committee, com- 
 posed of Isaac Van Horn, Thomas McKeen, James 
 H. Stevens, George W. Carpenter, Sr., and Gilbert 
 Bulson, were appointed "to seek out and secure 
 one or more sites of church edifices in suitable 
 location, and in the event of finding such loca- 
 tion, to erect a temporary edifice for the purpose 
 of worship and Sabbath-school instruction." This 
 committee, through the influence of Mr. Van Horn, 
 purchased from E. A. Stevens, of Hoboken, N. J., 
 four lots of ground situated at the corner of Fourth 
 Street and Washington, Mr. Stevens donating 
 eight hundred dollars of the purchase money. 
 These lots were afterwards'^exchanged for the lots 
 upon the upper side of the same square, at Fourth 
 Street and Benson, the site of the present church, 
 where a chapel was built, at a cost of nineteen 
 hundred dollars, the money having been contrib- 
 uted mainly by members of the Firat Church, 
 who, at their next congregational meeting, upon 
 recommendation of the committee, deeded the 
 whole property to the " Trustees of the Second 
 Presbyterian Church." 
 
 The Presbytery of Burlington met in the chapel 
 March 1, 1860, and organized the church with a 
 membership of twenty persons, viz. : Robert Bar- 
 ber, Thomas F. Lambson, Isaac Van Horn, James 
 Good, Thomas McKeen, Emily Barber, Sarah J. 
 McKeen, Mary A. Turtelot, Mary A. Van Horn, 
 Elizabeth Van Horn, Anne E. Clark, Nancy A. 
 Hoxie, Margaretta Lambson, Jane Marshall, Hen- 
 rietta Smith, Selina O. Turtelot and Ann E. Van 
 Horn. Upon the same day Mr. Lewis C. Baker 
 was called, ordained and installed as pastor of the 
 
 1 By Rev. William Boyd. 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 491 
 
 churct. Isaac Van Horn and Robert Barber were set 
 apart to the office of the eldership, and Isaac Van 
 Horn, Thomas McKeen, Cyrus Kellog, James Good, 
 Thomas F. Lambson, James C. Wright and J. L. 
 Prentiss were constituted the first board of trus- 
 tees. 
 
 The w^isdom of the new enterprise and the ad- 
 vantages of its location soon evidenced themselves 
 in the rapid growth of the Sabbath-school and 
 congregation. The chapel was often uncomfort- 
 ably crowded, and the need of better accommoda- 
 
 SECOND PRESBYTERIAN CHUECH. 
 
 tion began to be more and more felt. To form 
 the nucleus of a new building fund, Messrs. Van 
 Horn and McKeen fenced in the square of ground 
 lying between Washington Street and Berkley 
 and Third and Fourth, and converted the in- 
 closure into a skating park. From this novel 
 expedient eighteen hundred dollars were realized, 
 with which, as a basis, Mr. Baker, in 1864, agi- 
 tated the erection of a new church. A plan was 
 accordingly procured from 8. D. Button, archi- 
 ■ tect, and in April, 1865, it was resolved to begin 
 the work. Isaac Van Horn and Thomas McKeen 
 were appointed a building committee, with the 
 pastor as an advisory member. The sudden and 
 
 lamented death of Mr. Van Horn before the com- 
 pletion of the building necessitated the addition 
 of his son, F. C. Van Horn, and S. L. Stimson to 
 the committee. The building was roofed in dur- 
 ing the summer of 1865, and upon the first Sabbath 
 of September, 1866, was solemnly set apart to the 
 service of Almighty God. In the dedication ser- 
 vice the First Church united, its former pastor. 
 Dr. Stewart, and W. C. Cattell, D.D., president of 
 Lafayette College, taking a prominent part. The 
 cost of the building was about nineteen thousand 
 dollars. 
 
 The history of the Second Church has been one 
 of constant, steady, healthy growth. Starting 
 with but twenty persons, it reported to the last 
 General Assembly a membership of three hundred 
 and fifty-five. Its Sabbath-school is large and 
 flourishing. A thriving mission is sustained in 
 the neat building recently erected at the corner of 
 Broadway and Atlantic Avenue, and action will 
 soon be taken looking to the erection of a new and 
 more commodious building upon the site of the 
 present chapel on Fourth Street. 
 
 The elders from the beginning have been Isaac 
 Van Horn, Robert Barber, Solomon L. Stimson, 
 Judge George S. Woodhull, William Campbell, 
 Alexander Marcy, M.D., James Berry, Reuben F. 
 Bancroft, John Callahan and Benjamin O. Titus ; 
 its deacons have been George W. Carpenter, Jr., 
 George E. Howes, Alfred M. Heston, David B. 
 Riggs, Daniel Donehoo and Francis T. Lloyd ; 
 and its Sabbath-scliool superintendents, Judge 
 Woodhull, William Getty, James Berry, S. Bryan 
 Smith, William H. Bancroft and John Callahan. 
 
 During the twenty-six years of its existence the 
 church has had but two pastors. For more than 
 twenty-two years it enjoyed the ministrations of 
 Mr. Baker. His long and faithful term of service 
 had atForded opportunities for quickening the spir- 
 itual life of the people, which he had not failed to 
 improve. Beloved both within and beyond the 
 bounds of his congregation, it was a matter of 
 wide-spread regret that retirement from the pulpit 
 of his church should have been accompanied by 
 a change of residence. The relation which had 
 subsisted between him and his first charge for 
 nearly a quarter of a century was, at his own 
 request, dissolved November 1, 1882. He now 
 resides in Philadelphia, devoted to literary work, 
 and to such opportunities of preaching the Gospel, 
 by tongue and pen, as Providence may present. 
 
 The present pastor, Mr. William Boyd, was in- 
 stalled May 2, 1883. His ministry has been 
 greatly blessed. Large accessions have been made 
 to the membership of the church, the property 
 
492 
 
 HISTOEY OF CAMDEN COUNTY: NEW JERSEY. 
 
 has been modernized and improved and every de- 
 partment of religious work has been sustained 
 with zeal and vigor. 
 
 The officers of the church as at present consti- 
 tuted are, — Elders, Keuben F. Bancroft, Alexan- 
 der Marcy, M.D., John Callahan, Benjamin O. 
 Titus, John Warnock, David B. Riggs and Daniel 
 Donehoo; Deacons, J. H. Troutman, S. H. Sar- 
 gent, Clarence Yardley, Valentine S. Campbell 
 and Edwin S. Titus; Trustees, Christopher Bergen 
 (president), John Warnock, John Callahan, Ben- 
 jamin O. Titus, William T. Waters, David B. 
 Biggs, Theodore B. Culver, Lewis H. Archer, and 
 Stephen A. Sargent (secretary.) 
 
 The Peesbyterian Mission, in Memorial 
 Hall, Broadway, below Kaighn Avenue, is the 
 child of the West Jersey Presbytery, and was or- 
 ganized as a colored mission on the first Sunday in 
 August, 1886, and Rev. T. W. Davenport appointed 
 to the charge. A Sunday-school, with three 
 teachers and thirty pupils, was organized at the 
 same time, with Theodore Henson as superin- 
 tendent. 
 
 Trinity German Evangelical Lutheran 
 Church. — An effort was made in 1853 to organize 
 a Lutheran Church in Camden. A lot was pur- 
 chased on Pine Street, west of Fourth, and the 
 foundation laid for a church building. The min- 
 ister was the Rev. Georgii, who soon afterward re- 
 turned to Switzerland, before a congregation was 
 organized or a building erected. 
 
 In October, 1857, Rev. F. Herold arrived from 
 Germany. On his way west he stopped with rela- 
 tives in Camden, and on learning that a large 
 number of Germans lived here, who desired to 
 have a church and a pastor of their own faith in 
 their midst, he concluded to stay. Services were 
 held in Reed's Hall, on Federal Street. An or- 
 ganization was effected on December 22d of the 
 same year. The congregation numbered seventy 
 members. The following were the first church 
 council : John Hager, John D. Seybold, Charles 
 H. Fackler, John Beck, George Bander, John M. 
 Hertlein, Philip Dauer, George F. Stephany, 
 Emanuel Schneider, J. Sommers and F. Schilpp. 
 The congregation adopted a constitution and by- 
 laws for its regulation. The principal points in it 
 are : The pastor is obligated to preach in the Ger- 
 man language, upon the foundations of the apos- 
 tles and prophets ; the unaltered Augsburg Con- 
 fession and Luther's Catechism, as the (^'onfession 
 of Faith of our holy Lutheran Church, to be the 
 basis of all the teachings. The name adopted for 
 the congregation was " Trinity German Evangeli- 
 cal Lutheran." 
 
 The church council in June, 1858, purchased 
 the lot on which the church stands. The funds 
 available for building a church were very small, 
 as the majority of the members were people of 
 limited means. The pastor visited a number of 
 the congregations of the German Evangelical 
 Lutheran Ministerium of Pennsylvania, and solic- 
 ited contributions. The members of the vestry 
 also took their share of the responsibility and col- 
 lected from friends and business firms wherever an 
 opportunity offered, and in May, 1861, application 
 was made to the Church Extension Society of the 
 General Synod, and five hundred dollars secured. 
 With this amount the work went on rapidly, and 
 on October 6, 1861, the dedicatory services were 
 held. 
 
 In 1864 the school building at Sixth Street and 
 Market was purchased, with its material, a build- 
 ing, twenty by forty feet, erected to the rear of the 
 church, and the parochial school opened. In Au- 
 gust, 1865, Rev. F. Herold removed to Mascoutah, 
 111., and the present pastor, Rev. J. C. Dizinger, 
 accepted the call of the congregation. 
 
 In 1870 the lots on the east and west sides of the 
 church were purchased for fifteen hundred dollars. 
 George Pfeiffer contributing one-third of the 
 amount. In 1872 the church was repaired and 
 beautified and the ground surrounding the church 
 improved. In 1874 the school-house received an 
 addition of twenty feet in length and the latest im- 
 proved desks were obtained. In 1883 a large pipe- 
 organ was secured. It was used for the first time on 
 the four hundredth anniversary of Luther's birth. 
 The congregation numbers at present (1886), three 
 hundred communicant members. It has a Sunday- 
 school of three hundred members, a parochial 
 school with two teachers and sixty pupils. A 
 Funeral Aid Society was organized in 1876, which 
 has now seven hundred members. The congregation 
 is in connection with the Evangelical Lutheran 
 Ministerium of Pennsylvania. 
 
 Epiphany Evangelical Lutheran Church. 
 — Prior to the year 1879 no English Lutheran 
 congregation existed in Camden. At the fall 
 meeting of the First District Conference of the 
 Pennsylvania Synod, a committee was appointed 
 to canvass the city for Lutherans. Several meet- 
 ings of interested persons were held at the resi- 
 dence of George Shinier, No. 503 Linden Street, 
 the outcome of which was the organization of, a 
 congregation under the name of " Epiphany Evan- 
 gelical Lutheran Church." The first service of 
 the congregation was held Sunday evening, No- 
 vember 28, 1879, in Reed's Hall, at the corner of 
 Third and Federal Streets. Rev. William Schaef- 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 493 
 
 fer, of Philadelphia, conducted the worship and 
 preached the sermon. He had charge of the mis- 
 sion from that time until the close of the following 
 summer. He was succeeded by Mr. S. L. Sibole, 
 then a student in the Philadelphia Seminary. In 
 June, 1881, this gentleman was ordained and reg- 
 ularly installed as the first paster of the new con- 
 gregation. He served the mission until October, 
 1882, when he resigned to accept a call to St. 
 Luke's Church, Philadelphia. For four months 
 the pulpit was vacant, when Mr. Clarence K. Bin- 
 der, of the senior class of the Theological Semi- 
 nary assumed charge, and was installed pastor June 
 10, 1883. 
 
 Under Rev. Binder's pastorate the congregation 
 has been steadily advancing. A fine building lot 
 has been secured at the corner of Seventh Street 
 and Market, and it is the intention of the con- 
 gregation to erect a handsome chapel. 
 
 The congregation hold services at present in the 
 commodious hall at the southwest corner of Third 
 Street and Market. The membership is about 
 one hundred. A Sunday-school has been con- 
 nected with the congregation since its formation. 
 It was organized with eight pupils, which number 
 has gradually increased until at the present time 
 (1886) there are over two hundred. The school is 
 under the care of the pastor as superintendent, 
 and George Boyer as assistant. 
 
 Emanuel United Brethren Church is sit- 
 uated on Line Street, above Fourth. In 1854 a 
 small number of the German population living in 
 the southern part of Camden conceived the feasi- 
 bility of organizing a German Emanuel Church ; 
 a little Sunday-school had been started, the meet- 
 ings being held in the house of Mrs. Louisa 
 Moushe, on Cherry Street, above Third. The par- 
 ents of these children soon took an active interest 
 in the welfare of the school, and under the guid- 
 ance of the Eev. Adam Hinkle, preaching in the 
 German language and regular Sunday services 
 were held at the above-mentioned house. The 
 membership increased, the school prospered, but 
 they were unable to build a place of worship. In 
 1855 John Warner, a philanthropist of Philadel- 
 phia, and a warm friend of Adam Hinkle, con- 
 cluded to build a church for this congregation at 
 his own expense, stipulating that the preaching 
 should be in the German language, that the church 
 should be free to all the poor people of Camden, 
 and that the congregation should be under the 
 pastoral care of the Bev. Adam Hinkle- In Jan- 
 uary, 1856, the corner-stone of the present church 
 was laid. The building is a one-story brick, thir- 
 ty by fifty feet, and was dedicated in the same 
 59 
 
 year. The Rev. Adam Hinkle served as pas- 
 tor for more than twenty years, and during seven 
 years of that time he received no compensation. 
 When he was seventy years old the Conference 
 sent him some assistance. In 1876 a paralytic 
 stroke disabled him, and he never fully recovered 
 his health. He died in 1881. Since his death 
 the records of the church are, in a measure, in- 
 complete, and the following names and data have 
 been furnished by Casper Tenner, one of the 
 church trustees, who has served continuously since 
 the time of organization. The ministers in suc- 
 cession were Revs. Adam Hinkle, Christian Mey- 
 ers, E. Deyshur, M. Staetzel, Daniel Yengst, Henry 
 Early, Nicholas Gabal and Joseph Bteltzer. Dur- 
 ing the pastorate of Rev. Mr. Steltzer there was a 
 division in the congregation, and a portion of it 
 formed another congregation. The original con- 
 gregation adopted the name of the United Breth- 
 ren in Christ. Since this change the ministers 
 who have officiated are David Hoffman, Gottlieb 
 Meyers, Frederick List, M. Muller, Frederick List, 
 H. E. Roediger and J. H, Unger, whose term 
 closed in 1885. At present there is no regular 
 pastor, and services are conducted every Sunday 
 afternoon by Rev. John Light, of Philadelphia. 
 
 Bethel Church of the United Brethren in 
 Christ is situated on Third Street, below Walnut. 
 During the summer of 1878 the Rev. William O. 
 Shimp conducted open-air services under the au- 
 spices of this denomination at diflferent points in 
 Camden. On the approach of cold weather these 
 meetings were held in the house of William God- 
 win, on Third Street, below Line. A mission Sun- 
 day-school was also started at this house and con- 
 tinued for several months. There were only eight 
 members of the original congregation, and six 
 children in the mission school. In 1879 the re- 
 ligious services and the Sunday-school were re- 
 moved to the house of Mrs. Hebler, on Pine Street, 
 below Fourth, and the same year a board of trus- 
 tees was chosen for the purpose of adopting meas- 
 ures to build a church or rent a suitable hall in 
 which the congregatipn could worship. This 
 board, after consideration, recommended the rent- 
 ing of the present church, which is owned by Miss 
 Sallie Stevens. It is a one-story frame building, 
 and was built for a mission school. It formerly 
 stood on Locust Street, but was removed to its 
 present location. The congregation then wor- 
 shipped as Independent Wesleyau Methodists, but 
 in 1880 the name was changed to " The Methodists,'' 
 with a Conference in Philadelphia, under the di- 
 rection of Eev. Dr. Kirby. In 1882 a favorable 
 opportunity was offered to this church to unite 
 
494 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 with the Society of the United Brethren in Christ, 
 and soon after the change was effected. Since 
 this date the congregation has greatly increased in 
 number, and fifty children have been added to the 
 Sunday-school, which is now under the care of the 
 pastor. Early in 1886 Eev. William 0. Shimp 
 started a mission for services and Sunday-school 
 in the frame church on Eighth Street, above Ferry 
 Avenue, lately vacated by the Scott Methodist 
 Episcopal Church. The Sunday-school connected 
 with the mission has twenty-nine members, and 
 is superintended by William Stephenson. 
 
 ZiON Church, on the corner of Berkley and 
 William Street, is a branch of the Evangelical 
 Association of North America. The Camden con- 
 gregation originated in 1854, when the Rev. An- 
 drew Ziegenfus, a minister of the Evangelical As- 
 sociation of Southwark Mission, Philadelphia, 
 came to Camden to oiBciate at the first meeting of 
 this denomination held in this city, at the house 
 of Mrs. Louise Mousche, and for a number of 
 years services were held in her house, and in the 
 little church on Line Street, above Fourth. During 
 these years a number of ministers served the con- 
 gregation, among whom were the Eev. Adam 
 Hinkle, Christian Meyers, Mr. Shimer, R. Dey- 
 shur, Henry Stetzel, Daniel Yengst, Henry Earley, 
 Nicholas Gabal, A. S. Steltz, Joseph Steltzer and 
 C. Philibar. Under the ministration of the last 
 two pastors the present church was built during 
 the year 1878. It is a one-story brick building, 
 forty by sixty-five feet, with a large auditorium 
 and a gallery. The dedicatory services were per- 
 formed by Bishop Reuben Dubs, of Cleveland, O. 
 The pastors who have since served the congrega- 
 gation were C. Philibar, Antony Straub, C. B. 
 Fliehr, A. S. Steltz, G. Redman, O. Arnold and 
 George Hauser. The Sunday-school, which was 
 organized when the religious meetings were in- . 
 augurated, had greatly increased in membership 
 when this church was dedicated, having sixty 
 regular attendants, with Henry Daman as super- 
 intendent. At present (1886) there are about one 
 hundred pupils and teachers, and Solomon Fliehr 
 is the superintendent. The church membership is 
 sixty-five communicants. This congregation is one 
 of the missions of the Atlantic Conference, which 
 is an exclusively German Conference, having its 
 work in New York City, Long Island, New Jersey, 
 Pennsylvania, Maryland and in several sea-board 
 cities. The Evangelical Association has at this 
 present time twenty-four Conferences, which are 
 located in the United States, Canada, Germany, 
 and Switzerland, as also a prosperous mission in 
 Japan. 
 
 The Young Men's Christian Association, 
 next to the church, and therefore next to the 
 heart and head of all religious work, has made great 
 strides forward during the past quarter of a cen- 
 tury. It was organized October 16, 1878, at the 
 residence of Samuel B. French, corner of Cooper 
 Street and Front, by George H. Davis, W. Howard 
 Curtiss, Bartram L. Bonsall, Samuel B. French, 
 Howard Carrow and I. S. Conover. Mr. Davis 
 was chosen chairman, and Mr. Conover secre- 
 tary. It was "Resolved, That we, members of 
 the church of Christ, and believers in Him, or- 
 ganize ourselves into a Young Men's Chris- 
 tian Association, to be called The Young Men's 
 Christian Association of Camden." W. H. Cur- 
 tiss, B. L. Bonsall and Fitch Taylor were ap- 
 pointed a committee on organization. Another 
 committee was appointed to visit the pastors of the 
 city with the view of obtaining their co-operation. 
 The next meeting was held in the lecture-room of 
 Tabernacle Baptist Church (now the hall of Wm. 
 B. Hatch Post, G. A. R.), on the 24th of the same 
 month. By-laws and a constitution were adopted, 
 and the officers elected were, — President, George 
 H. Davis; Vice-President, W. H. Bancroft; Cor- 
 responding Secretary, W. Howard Curtiss; Re- 
 cording Secretary, George H. Higbee ; Treasurer, 
 Bartram L. Bonsall ; Directors, Samuel B. French, 
 Fitch Taylor, E. Dallas Stager, H. L. Titus and 
 the officers. The association continued to meet in 
 the Tabernacle until the 2d of December follow- 
 ing, when the first meeting was held in the second 
 story front room of the house at 318 Federal 
 Street, and here the association remained during 
 the year of 1879, growing in membership and in- 
 fluence, and carrying forward a good work at the 
 Camden jail, at the rooms and at open-air meet- 
 ings. 
 
 With the beginning of 1880 the association oc- 
 cupied the desired second and third floors of the 
 hall now known as the Association Hall, at Third 
 Street and Market. But, notwithstanding the 
 limited quarters at 318 Federal Street, the older 
 members still retain pleasant memories of the year 
 spent there, and perhaps it would be entirely 
 proper to claim that in no year of its history was 
 the devotional work of the association conducted 
 with greater enthusiasm. In 1881 Wilbur F. Rose 
 was elected president, and he continued until 
 January, 1885, during which time the membership 
 increased greatly, and W. H.Geistweit aud William 
 Getty successively filled the post of general secre- 
 tary. John J. Robinson became general secretary 
 afterward, and in the spring of 1886 George H. 
 Barker, general secretary of the Bordentown Asso- 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 495 
 
 ciation, assumed the duties as general secretary of 
 the Camden organization and has since done very 
 effective work. Upon the retirement of Mr. Eose 
 as president, at the closeof the year 1884, Walter 
 M. Patton was elected president, and is now the 
 efficient head of the association. 
 
 The official minutes show the officers of the as- 
 sociation, from its institution to this date, to have 
 been as follows : 
 
 1878. — President, George H. Davis ; Vice-Pres- 
 ident, W. H. Bancroft , Corresponding Secretary, 
 VV. Howard Curtiss ; Recording Secretary, George 
 H. Higbee; Treasurer, Bartram L. Bonsall ; Di- 
 rectors, Samuel B. French, Fitch Taylor, E. Dallas 
 Stager and Harry L. Titus. 
 
 1879. — President, George H. Davis ; Vice-Pres- 
 ident, William H. Bancroft ; Corresponding Sec- 
 retary, W. H. Curtiss ; Recording Secretary, Jos. 
 Alexander ; Treasurer, B. L. Bonsall ; Directors, 
 Crowell S. Fewsmith, Fitch Taylor, J. Kelley 
 Brown, Thomas S. Conover. 
 
 1880. — President, George H. Davis ; Vice-Pres- 
 ident, Robert P. Stewart ; General Secretary, W. 
 H. Curtiss ; Recording Secretary, Dilwyn C. Cliver; 
 Treasurer, B. L. Bonsall ; Directors, James E. 
 Leadley, Samuel R. Murray, J. Kelley Brown, C. 
 S. Fewsmith, S. H. Higbee, Westcott. Campbell, 
 Thomas S. Conover, S. G. Wallace, Carlton M. 
 Williams, Charles H. Armstrong. 
 
 1881.— President, Wilbur F. Rose ; Vice-Pres- 
 ident, Robert P. Stewart ; General Secretary, W. 
 H. Curtiss ; Financial Secretary, Asa L. Curtis ; 
 Treasurer, B. L. Bonsall; Directors, George H. 
 Davis, A. Ledden Iszard, C. M. Williams, C. A. 
 Hotchkiss, J. E. Leadley, S. G. Wallace, E. M. 
 Howard, M.D., G. H. Higbee, E. Shivers, E. H. 
 Plummer. • 
 
 1882.— President, Wilbur F. Rose; Vice-Presi- 
 dent, Robert P. Stewart ; General Secretary, Geo. 
 H. Davis; Recording Secretary, Clifford W. Shinn ; 
 Treasurer, Bartram L. Bonsall ; Directors, Harris 
 Graffen, E. M. Howard, M.D., A. L. Iszard, Saml. 
 Finney, S. G. Wallace, C. A. Hotchkiss, E. H. 
 Plummer, Asa L. Curtis, G. H. Higbee, Carlton 
 M. Williams. 
 
 1883.— President, Wilbur F. Rose ; Vice-Pres- 
 ident, E. M. Howard, M.D.; General Secretary, 
 W. S. Geistweit; Recording Secretary, Harris 
 Graffen ; Treasurer, George H. Higbee ; Directors, 
 J.Lynn Truscott, Harry Humphreys, Carlton M. 
 Williams, C. A. Hotchkiss, S. Bryan Smith, Robt. 
 P. Stewart, Samuel Finney, George H. Davis, F. 
 W. Ayer. 
 
 1884.— President, Wilbur F. Rose; Vice-Pres- 
 ident, E. M. Howard, M.D.; Treasurer, G. H. 
 
 Higbee; Recording Secretary, J.Lynn Truscott; 
 Directors, E. H. Bryan, Samuel Russell, Carlton 
 M. Williams, Walter M. Patton, Oscar C. Molan, 
 E. E. Read, Jr., J. T. Harker, Harry Humphreys, 
 E. A. Armstrong, Louis T. Derousse, Thomas H. 
 Harris, E. R. Smiley, M.D. ; George E. Taylor, 
 David M. Chambers, J. L. Truscott. 
 
 1885.— President, Wilbur F. Rose ; Vice-Presi- 
 dent, E. M. Howard, M.D. ; Treasurer, Harry M. 
 Anderson ; Directors, E. H. Bryan, O. C. Molan, 
 E. M. Howard, Samuel Russell, Walter M. Patton, 
 Harry Humphreys, Carlton M. Williams, George 
 H. Higbee, R. P. Stewart, E. A. Armstrong, Bar- 
 tram L. Bonsall, John T. Seymour, S. G. Wallace, 
 E. H. Plummer, Charles Danenhower. 
 
 1886.— President, Walter M. Patton ; Vice-Pres- 
 ident, E. M. Howard, M.D. ; Recording Secretary, 
 John F. Seymour ; Treasurer, Harry M. Anderson ; 
 Directors, Carlton M. Williams, Oscar C. Molan, 
 E. H. Bryan, E. A. Armstrong, S. G. Wallace, B. 
 L. Bonsall, W. F. Rose, J. E. Roberts, Charles L. 
 Reeves, Christian Schrack, A. E. Street. 
 
 "The Ladies' Auxiliary of the Young Men's 
 Christian Association," one of its noblest supports, 
 was organized in the hall on the 15th of January, 
 1883, a preliminary meeting having been held on 
 the 10th. At the second meeting the following 
 officials were chosen for the year : President, Mrs. 
 H. L. Hotchkiss ; Vice-President, Mrs. Wilbur F. 
 Rose ; Treasurer, Mrs. Harris Graffen ; Secretary, 
 L. W. Hurlbut. The Auxiliary from that date 
 steadily grew in power for good, and it is now a 
 most effective agency for the promotion of the ob- 
 jects of the association. 
 
 Chujrch of the Immaculate Conception. — 
 The few Catholics residing in Camden nearly forty 
 years ago were content to attend divine service in a 
 poorly-furnished room in the old City Hall, which 
 stood on the south side of Federal Street, above 
 Fourth, where the present market is located. 
 
 There are not many now living who participated 
 in those services, but the few who still remain have 
 had the satisfaction of seeing the little mission 
 grow to a congregation numbering four thousand 
 souls, and possessing church property valued at 
 two hundred and fifty thousand dollars. 
 
 Rev. E. J. Waldron, who was attached to the 
 Cathedral Parish, Philadelphia, is the first priest 
 who is known to have attended to the spiritual 
 wants of the Catholics of Camden. He celebrated, 
 on every other Sunday, the Holy Sacrifice of 
 the Mass in the old City Hall for some time, but 
 it was deemed wise to select another place of wor- 
 ship. The residence of the late Henry M. Innis, 
 on the south side of Bridge Avenue, above Third 
 
496 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Street, was used for the purpose until more com- 
 modious quarters were secured in Starr's Hall, 
 whichstoodon Bridge Avenue, below Second Street, 
 and was demolished some years ago to make room 
 for the Pennsylvania Railroad yard. Mr. Jesse W. 
 Starr kindly gave the worshippers the use of the 
 room and divine service was celebrated there every 
 other Sunday until a church was erected on the 
 southeast corner of Fifth and Taylor Avenue, in 
 1859. 
 
 The laborious efforts of Father Waldron to secure 
 funds for the erection of the Philadelphia Cathe- 
 dral necessitated the transfer of the Camden mis- 
 sion to Rev. William Donahoe. The latter sue- 
 
 C:HUKCH of the IMMAC'lII.ATIi CONCEl'TION. 
 
 ceeded in advancing the work of his predecessor 
 and was then called away to take charge of a church 
 at Norristown, Pa. 
 
 From October, 18.50, until the spring of 1853, 
 Rev. H. B. Fiuigan, who was stationed at Glouces- 
 ter, celebrated Mass in Camden and was succeeded 
 by Rev. J. N. Hanigan, also of Gloucester, who 
 continued to attend the mission from May 1, 1853, 
 until November 11th of that year. On this date 
 Camden was formed into a separate parish, with 
 Rev. James Moran as its first resident pastor. In 
 1857 a lot of ground on the southeast corner of 
 Fifth and Taylor Avenue was purchased of W. D. 
 Cooper, Esq., on which to erect a church. Ground 
 was broken for the same on June 9, 1859, and in 
 three months' time the building was completed. It 
 
 was built of brick and amply answered the wants 
 of the growing congregation. The building is still 
 standing and is now used as a Grand Army of the 
 Republic hall. 
 
 It was called the Church of the Immaculate 
 Conception and was dedicated by Right Rev. J. R. 
 Bayley, Bishop of the Diocese of Newark, on No- 
 vember 6, 1859. Father Moran continued in charge 
 until 1863, when he was succeeded by the Rev. 
 Patrick Byrne. The latter was not satisfied with 
 the church at Fifth and Taylor Avenue and he 
 wisely selected the lot of ground on the southeast 
 corner of Broadway and Market, upon which to 
 erect a new and much handsomer edifice. Its cor- 
 ner-stone was laid by the Right Rev. Bishop Bay- 
 ley, on May 1, 1864, and the name of the old 
 church was transferred to the new one. It is one 
 hundred and fifty-two feet long, sixty-five feet 
 wide, is built of Trenton brown stone, with Con- 
 necticut stone trimmings and represents the Eng- 
 lish decorated Gothic style of architecture. Fath- 
 er Byrne subsequently secured the entire block 
 upon which the church stood and also a large plot 
 of ground on the Moorestown pike, two miles 
 from the Delaware River, for use as a cemetery. 
 
 In May, 1873, Rev. P. Byrne was transferred to 
 St. John's Church, Trenton, by Right Rev. M. A. 
 Corrigan, D.D., and Rev. P. Fitzsimmons took 
 charge oi'the Church of the Immaculate Concep- 
 tion, in this city, of which he is still rector. For 
 some years previous to his coming the children of 
 the parish were taught in a brick building on Fed- 
 eral Street, between Seventh and Eighth Streets. 
 Seeing the urgent need of better accommodation, 
 he commenced, in May, 1874, the erection of a new 
 school and Sistei's' house on Broadway, and com- 
 pleted them at a cost of nearly fcrty thousand dol- 
 lars. 
 
 In September of the same year the Sisters be- 
 longing to the Order of St. Joseph, having their 
 mother's house at Chestnut Hill, Pa., opened the 
 school in the new building and continued in charge 
 till the summer of 1885, at which time they were 
 succeeded by the Sisters of Mercy, from Borden- 
 town, N. J. 
 
 During three years the member.ship of the congre- 
 gation had been increasing and it was found neces- 
 sary to make some addition to the church property. 
 For this reason a square of ground was purchased 
 in the Eighth Ward, on which was erected the 
 Church of the Sacred Heart. A separate parish 
 has been' formed and Right Rev. M. J. O'Farrell 
 has appointed Rev. William Lynch rector. 
 
 In 1880 Rev. P. Fitzsimmons engaged as teach- 
 ers the Brothers of the Holy Cross, from Notre 
 
-^--\ 
 
 J^ 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 497 
 
 Dame, Ind. They came to reside in the house he 
 had specially built for their use on the church 
 grounds, and have had charge of the boys' school 
 since their arrival. By constant efforts this prop- 
 erty has been improved and at this moment it is 
 acknowledged that no other congregation in this 
 city possesses a church property equal to it in val- 
 ue. The church members are not wealthy, but out 
 of their slender means they have paid off a large 
 debt and supported schools having an average at- 
 tendance of four hundred and fifty children. 
 
 Eev. p. J. FiTZSlMMONS, of this church, was 
 born in the year 1840, near the town of Virginic, 
 County Cavan, Ireland, and received his early 
 education at a national school in that town. At 
 the age of sixteen he commenced his classical 
 course in Mr. O'Reilly's school, and in 1859 
 entered All Hallows College, Dublin, and after 
 three years' study there came to America, located 
 in Quebec, Canada, and entered the Grand Semi- 
 nary, where he was ordained to the priesthood in 
 December, 1853. His first mission was in King- 
 ston, Out., where he worked two years and began 
 his useful career. He was then promoted to the 
 parish of Centreville, in that diocese, where he 
 labored with success ; but owing to ill health and 
 the severity of the climate, he was forced to seek 
 another field of labor, and coming to New Jersey, 
 entered upon mission work in Mount Holly. After 
 some months he was transferred to St. Joseph's 
 Church, Jersey City, to assist the Rev. A. Venuta, 
 by Rt. Rev. Bishop Bayley. Two years later he 
 was appointed to the parish of Dover, N. J., but 
 ill health soon compelled him to go to Europe, 
 where he remained nearly a year. After his return 
 he went to St. John's Church, Trenton, and upon 
 the death of Rev. John Mackin, the Rt. Rev. 
 Bishop Corrigan appointed Rev. P. Byrne, rector 
 of St. John's, and Father Fitzsimmons was trans- 
 ferred in 1873 to the Church of the Immaculate 
 Conception, where he has since labored zealously 
 and effectively and done much to advance the 
 interests of the parish, spiritually and materially. 
 St. Peter's and St. Paui^'s German Catho- 
 lic Church. — In 1867 a number of the German 
 people of Camden, who had been worshipping in 
 the Church of the Immaculate Conception, of this 
 city, with a few persons who had been connected 
 with other Roman Catholic Churches, met at the 
 house of Anthony Kobus, at No. 419 Spruce Street. 
 This meeting was under the supervision of 
 Rev. Father Joseph Thurnes, of Egg Harbor, and 
 was called for the purpose of appointing a commit- 
 tee to select and purchase a suitable location for 
 building a church, or a suitable building already 
 
 erected, for a place of worship. John Welsh, Val- 
 entine Voll, Anthony Kobus and Anthony Voll 
 were appointed as a committee. Soon after, hear- 
 ing that the church property of the Second Baptist 
 Church, on Fourth Street, could be obtained, the 
 committee purchased it for the sum of four thou- 
 sand dollars, in January, 1868. After a few alter- 
 ations were made, the church was dedicated by 
 Vicar-General McQuade, of the Diocese of New 
 Jersey. Rev. Father Joseph Thurnes was placed 
 in charge, and in a short time seventy families 
 united with the congregation. A Sunday-school 
 was organized, which meets in the basement of the 
 church building. In 1869 the committee was au- 
 thorized to enlarge this building. An extension of 
 twenty feet to the rear was built, and other altera- 
 tions and improvements were made the same year. 
 Rev. Father Thurnes remained with the church 
 until 1833. Under his care and supervision a 
 parsonage, school-house and hall were built, and a 
 day-school established, in which English and Ger- 
 man were taught to a large number of pupils. 
 Rev. Father Francis Neubauer and Rev. Father 
 Peter Scharoun, of the Franciscan Order, then as- 
 sumed charge of the church, and under their care 
 the congregation has prospered and increased, and 
 the schools have gained in numbers. All indebt- 
 edness on the church has been canceled. About 
 one thousand persons form the congregation, and 
 three hundred children are taught in the Sunday- 
 school and day-schools. The congregation is now 
 preparing to erect a large and commodious house 
 of worship. 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 THE SCHOOLS. 
 
 Early Schools in Camden— The Publir-gchool System — The New 
 Era — Progress since 1879 — Newton Debating Society — The. Worth- 
 ington Library — Private Schools — West Jersey Orphanage. 
 
 Early Schools ix Camdex. — It is impossible 
 to give an accurate history of the earliest schools 
 in Camden. The plan for the original town of 
 Camden provided a site for a school-house, which 
 was built during the period of the Revolutionary 
 War. Some of the churches in early days sup- 
 ported schools, and the Friends at all times, and 
 even to-day, have supported excellently-managed 
 schools in connection with their Meetings. 
 
 The old Camden Academy was the most prom- 
 inent educational institution in the city for half a 
 century. The building was erected in 1803, and 
 stood on the site of the Genge school building at 
 
498 
 
 HISTORY OP, CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 the corner of Sixth and Market Streets. The land 
 upon which it was situated was given by George 
 Genge. The schools in it were conducted by a 
 number of teachers with varied success, frequent 
 changes being made. Edward Bullock taught in 
 this building for a time. 
 
 In 1835 John M. Souler took the upper room of 
 the academy and taught all the English branches, 
 at $2.50 per quarter. 
 
 The Hatch School-house was one of the early 
 educational institutions of Camden. It was situ- 
 ated near what is now the corner of Seventh and 
 Pearl Streets, a short distance from the Diamond 
 Cottage, and was the place where many of the 
 youths of Camden and vicinity, half a century 
 or more ago, obtained the rudiments of an educa- 
 tion. The school-house was within a dense grove, 
 through which were paths leading to it. Among 
 the prominent teachers of this school was Edward 
 Butcher, who became postmaster of Camden in 
 1838. Benjamin F. Davis was another of the 
 teachers at this school. 
 
 In 1825 Jacob L. Rowan taught a school at the 
 southeast corner of Third and Market Streets. 
 ■Benjamin Ferris opened a singing-school in the 
 "Town House," December 11, 1835. Oliver Cox, 
 a graduate of Cambridge University, England, in 
 March, 1836, opened the Camden Classical School, ■ 
 ■designed to fit young men for college. The same 
 year and month Sarah and Hannah Eastlack 
 opened a seminary for girls, on Cooper Street, 
 opposite the residence of Richard M. Cooper. 
 
 Ira Bisbee, in 1835, advertised that he would 
 open an English school, for both sexes, in the 
 basement of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and 
 announced that those who wished " to attend to the 
 science of Grammar could be taught in the eve- 
 ning — not parrotorically, but by Brown's American 
 System — according to the constructive genius of 
 our hanguage." Isaiah Toy, Edward D. Roe and 
 John K. Cowperthwait announced that they, as a 
 committee, had visited Mr. Bisbee's school and 
 were highly pleased. 
 
 At the general town-meeting, held March 10, 
 1835, thesubject of the public schools wa3 discussed, 
 and a committee to consider the matter was ap- 
 pointed, — John K. Cowperthwait, Richard Fetters, 
 J. L. Reese, Isaiah Toy, Rev. S. Starr, Rev. Wil- 
 liam Granville, Rev. T. C. Teasdale, Benjamin 
 Allen, Charles Kaighn, William Ridgevvay and 
 J. W. Cooper. 
 
 In 1835 Rev. T. C. Teasdale opened a French 
 and English Boarding and Day-School, of which 
 Demorris was teacher of French and " Musick." 
 
 Isaiah Joy in 1837 advertised for a teacher to 
 
 conduct a primary school in the " basement of the 
 Methodist Church." 
 
 Rev. M. Shepherd conducted a Female Academy 
 in 1835, his daughter assisting him as a teacher. 
 
 The Seminary of St. Paul's Church was con- 
 ducted by Miss Mary M. Archer in 1837. 
 
 In . 1837 P. M. Gowen was principal of the 
 " Writing, Mercantile and Mathematical School" 
 in the Camden Academy. The same year Oliver 
 Cox became principal of a school in the " base- 
 ment of the Methodist Church." 
 
 "A Select Classical and English Boarding- 
 School " was started by W. S. Barton, September 
 19, 1888. In May, 1838, Camden was divided into 
 two school districts. 
 
 A school-house and house of worship was dedi- 
 cated in Fettersville in May, 1840. Miss Turner 
 had a school "near the Market" in 1842. Mr. 
 Hough had a classical and mathematical school, 
 which was afterwards conducted by Rev. F. Knigh- 
 ton in 1845. 
 
 In 1852 F. H. Rothpletz was principal of the 
 Camden Academy ; Miss Henrietta Rothpletz was 
 assistant. 
 
 The Young Ladies' Institute, with H. T. Tims- 
 dale as principal, was opened in 1852. 
 
 The Camden " High School for Boys " was 
 opened by J. D. Higgins in 1854. 
 
 The " Camden Grove School," taught by Rev. 
 Knighton, was taken by Rev. Northrop in 1854. 
 
 Lafayette and Talleyrand Grover, the former of 
 whom became Governor of Oregon, and later 
 United States Senator from the same State, taught 
 a select school in Camden for a number of years. 
 
 At the request of State Superintendent Apgar, 
 in 1879, Henry L. Bonsai 1, who for several yeara 
 served as city superintendent of schools, prepared 
 an historical sketch of the rise and progress of the 
 public school system of Camden. Having very' 
 kindly allowed the use of it, the information em- 
 bodied in the following pages, containing the his- 
 tory of the public schools to 1879, was mostly com- 
 piled from his work : 
 
 The Public School System. — The first re- 
 corded evidence of intention to better this con- 
 dition of things occurs in the minute of a meeting 
 of the "School Trustees of the Township of 
 Camden," at the house of Dr. Isaac S. Mulford, 
 April 6, 1843, when Richard Fetters was ap- 
 pointed chairman and treasurer, and B. A. Ham- 
 mell secretary. J. C. De La Cour and the secre- 
 tary were appointed to provide books for the 
 ofiicers, and " Jesse Smith was employed to assess 
 the number of children that may be eligible to the 
 schools." The schools were ordered to be opened 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 499 
 
 about the 11th of May, the yearly salary of the 
 male teacher not to exceed six hundred dollars, 
 and of the female, four hundred dollars. Cobb's 
 school-books were adopted. Messrs. De La Cour 
 and Khees were appointed to procure one hundred 
 and seventy-four large and seventy-four small 
 slates. Mr. Miller was chosen teacher, and Messrs. 
 Cole, Oowperthwait and Rhees directed to inquire 
 into character and qualifications. 
 
 On the 26th of April, 1843, it was ordered that 
 a colored school be opened under the same regu- 
 lations as the white school, and George Shreeve 
 was appointed its teacher at a salary of seventeen 
 dollars per month. On May 8th rooms in the 
 academy were fitted up, and in it the first public 
 school in Camden was inaugurated. This school 
 continued with varying success. In 1845, the 
 trustees met at the Niagara Fire Company's engine- 
 house, with Dr. Isaac S. Mulford as president, 
 Philander C. Bfinck secretary, and J. C. De La 
 Cour treasurer. 
 
 The trustees then went to work in earnest, and 
 this is the point the progress of the schools properly 
 dates from. The members of the Board of Educa- 
 tion then were Franklin Ferguson, Joseph C. De 
 La Cour, Samuel H. Morton, Philander C. Brinck, 
 Jesse Smith, Joseph Taylor, David Brown, Isaac 
 S. Mulford, and Thomas Chapman. David Brown 
 reported the census of children of school age in 
 Camden to be nine hundred and seventy-four 
 white and fifty-nine colored. An examination of 
 teachers was ordered to be held on the 14th of the 
 ensuing month, the president of the board to con- 
 duct the same, when Messrs. English, Plotts and 
 Hall and Miss Thomas were passed as candidates. 
 Following this report came a resolution of the 
 board, which reads strangely in the light of this 
 generation : " Resolved, That the circumstance of 
 Mr. English being a foreigner, we will decline ex- 
 amining his papers or credentials," the president 
 alone dissenting, when Mr. English, who passed 
 first, was ignored, and Conly IPlotts was elected 
 principal of the first grammar school, at a salary 
 of four hundred and fifty dollars a year, Miss 
 Thomas being chosen for the primary school. 
 This action concerning Mr. English was taken 
 when party spirit ran fiercely, about a year after 
 the Philadelphia riots of 1844. 
 
 A school was now opened at Kaighns Point, and 
 a tax of one dollar and a quarter levied on the 
 North Camden grammar scholars, and seventy- 
 five cents for the North and the South Primary 
 Schools. The tax was to be paid in advance when 
 the permits were given out, and as but seventy 
 permits were reported issued for ihe entire juris- 
 
 diction, it shows that the tax did not work satis- 
 factorily, not one-tenth of the eligibles attending 
 the schools. As it kept children out who would 
 otherwise have been in, after a few years' imposi- 
 tion, it was abandoned. In 1847 the colored school 
 designed for South Camden had not yet been estab- 
 lished, " owing to the difliculty of procuring a room 
 at a moderate rent." Sarah Kaighn devised a lot 
 for school purposes. In response to repeated peti- 
 tions for the school, Ishmael Lack was appointed to 
 take charge of and secure pupils at the rate of the 
 aforesaid sum of seventy-five cents per capita, but 
 one year thereafter the school was discontinued, 
 owing to the lack of funds, though shortly after 
 this the treasurer's annual report showed three hun- 
 dred and seventy-eight dollars received from the 
 State and five hundred and fifty-four dollars from 
 the county, which report, in the invariable phrase 
 of Ebenezer Nicholls, secretary, was " excepted," his 
 successor, F. Fleisner, crediting James Elwell for 
 " cole." In 1850 the schools of North Camden 
 were opened and Pardon Davis was elected the 
 male and Harriet L. Hauptman the female teacher 
 The propriety and necessity of the City Council 
 paying to the board the amount of money due for 
 school purposes was argued before that body by 
 the committee, Isaac Porter, Thomas W. Mulford 
 and Matthew Miller, Jr., who also proposed a two 
 mill tax for the same purpose. 
 
 In 1851 the board opened a school for female 
 pupils at Washington Hall, South Camden, and 
 one for male pupils at Kaighns Point. H. W. 
 Chadwick, M. E. Thomas, Pardon Davis, Elizabeth 
 Brown, A. Kudderow, H. L. Hauptman, Harriet 
 N. King and E. A. Evans were the eight teachers 
 then employed in the city. 
 
 The second census was taken in June, 1852, when 
 there were in the North Ward, between the ages of 
 five and eighteen years, 656 pupils; Middle Ward, 
 890 ; South Ward, 1262, and this increase, from 
 aboiit 1000 to nearly 3000, necessitated the discon- 
 tinuance of the renting of rooms, whereupon a 
 committee was appointed to wait on the City Coun- 
 cil and ascertain whether that body would borrow 
 money for the purpose of building school-houses. 
 The committee also reported that a building capa- 
 ble of accommodating six hundred pupils, includ- 
 ing all necessary heating and ventilating appara- 
 tus, could be had for from six to seven thousand 
 dollars ; the size of such building would be about 
 forty-five feet front by seventy-five feet deep, and 
 two stories high. The committee further suggested 
 that application be made to the Council for such 
 loan, and in case of refusal, that the board apply 
 to the Legislature for power to borrow. Isaac W. 
 
500 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Mickle thereupon moved that the Legislature be 
 notified of the intention of the board to draft a 
 bill modifying the school system of the city, which 
 was the first intimation of a declaration of inde- 
 pendence on the part of the board. Notice was 
 then given of two acts: one to incorporate the 
 Board of Education of the City of Camden, and 
 the other to enable the City Council to borrow 
 eight thousand dollars for the erection of the new 
 school-house in the South Ward, a contract for 
 which had already been entered into by Mr. Shroff; 
 which acts were subsequently granted, and the 
 board became an independent body, from which 
 time the progress of education kept pace with the 
 increase of population. The "Kaighu School," 
 covered by the contract of J\Ir. Shroff, was the first 
 building erected by the board, the land for which 
 was donated by the Kaighn family— giving rise to 
 the reflection that while the Friends, or " people 
 called Quakers " prefer to educate their own chil- 
 dren rather than avail themselves of public tuition, 
 they have nevertheless been liberal and zealous in 
 promoting the cause of public education, and their 
 names live in the Kaighn School, the Cooper 
 School and the Mulford School. 
 
 The New^ Era. — The first meeting of " The 
 Board of Education of the City of Camden " was 
 held April 3, 1854. Messrs. Drury, of the former, 
 and De La Cour, of the newly-organized board, 
 were enrolled, and Mr. Drury became principal 
 of Cooper Hill School. A census of the children 
 for that year showed in the North AVard 816 pu- 
 pils; Middle Ward, 1193; South Ward, 1559,— 
 total, 3668. The Kaighn School was finished and 
 opened with eight teachers, the only one of whom 
 remaining is the estimable and efiicient principal 
 of Mulford Grammar and Kaighn Primary, Harriet 
 N. King. . The Kaighn School building cost eight 
 thousand six hundred and eighty-eight dollars. 
 The contractor was Mr. Shroff. 
 
 At this period the board passed a resolution 
 directing principals to refrain from the use of the 
 rod as a means of correction, and if used at 
 all, that it be after school hours. Near the close 
 of the year Messrs. Ott, Trimble and Nicholls 
 were appointed to consider the best arrangements 
 for erecting a ?xhool in the North Ward, from 
 which, in due time, came the George Genge 
 School. Clayton Truax, treasurer, in his pub- 
 lished statement, on February 11th, credited him- 
 self with $16,142, as against $12,337 expended, and 
 a balance of $3804, certified to by Joseph Trim- 
 ble, Lewis Seal and Sylvester Burdsall. Twenty- 
 two years after (1876) the receipts were $152,626, 
 and the expenditures $120,485, twelve new school- 
 
 houses having been erected in that time. In this 
 year James M. Cassady commenced an active career 
 in the interests of public education. His first 
 missionary labor was the finally successful attempt 
 to convert the City Council into a disposition to 
 hand over to the board the amount of two thousand 
 four hundred and eighty-one dollars, which was 
 adjusted by Benjamin Browning, Samuel Lytle 
 and William Sharpe, on the part of the Council, 
 and Messrs. Cassady, Dorman & Nicholls, repre- 
 senting the board. 
 
 In 1858 Mr. De La Cour was elected president, 
 S. Burdsall secretary, and Clayton Truax treas- 
 urer. Mr. Dorman reported the census of school 
 children to be 4005,— North Ward, 1098; Middle 
 ■Ward, 1325 ; South Ward, 1591. Kaighn School 
 building was the only one owned by the board. 
 At the November rneeting Charles Cox was ap- 
 pointed to fill the vacancy occasioned by the resig- 
 nation of Dr. Sartori, in Berkley Street School ; 
 and it is a noteworthy fact that many of the 
 early principals afterwards occupied the foremost 
 social and political positions in the city. 
 
 In 1859 Mr. Cassady was elected secretary of 
 the board, the old officers, with this exception, 
 being re-elected. The number of school children 
 had increased to four thousand three hundred and 
 seventy-four. Messrs. Dorman, Cassady and 
 Sides, as a committee on qualifications, reported 
 that " very little can be accomplished without a 
 proper organization and classification of the 
 schools, and believing that much improvement 
 can be made by a reorganization of the 
 schools of the Middle Ward, asked for author- 
 ity for that purpose." The same committee sub- 
 sequently reported Grammar, Secondary and Pri- 
 mary Departments as indispensable, the whole to 
 be under the direct supervision of the male prin- 
 cipal. A system of examinations and promotions 
 was also devised, and the first attempt at a more 
 complete and systematic arrangement inaugurated. 
 At the end of the vacation Datus Drury resigned. 
 David W. Bartine was appointed to the North Ward 
 Grammar School ; Charles A. Singer, Middle 
 Ward Grammar School ; Kate L. Eudderow, prin- 
 cipal of Berkley Street Secondary ; and Anna M. 
 Stack, Paper-Mill School. In April, 1860, a com- 
 mittee was authorized to procure a room for a 
 Primary School at Coopers Point, rent not to ex- 
 ceed six dollars per month, and teacher, two hun- 
 dred and fifty dollars per annum ; the number of 
 scholars in room being limited to sixty-four. The 
 subject of corporal punishment evidently bothered 
 the board as much as it did the teachers, a 
 number of resolutions and suggestions being 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 501 
 
 tabled by the adoption of a motion of Mr. Morris, 
 " that it is inexpedient to enact any further laws 
 on the subject,'' which conqlusion, however, was 
 only a temporary palliative to the opposition, 
 which lasted as long as the barbarous practice en- 
 dured. 
 
 On motion of Thomas McKeen, Richard Fetters 
 addressed the board, in 1861, on the propriety of 
 selling Sixth and Plum lot and building at Fifth 
 and Plum. This is the last minute found relating 
 to Richard Fetters, who, next to Dr. Mulford and 
 the members of the first board, was the oldest friend 
 of popular education. 
 
 Dr. Ridge, in the spirit of inquiry, improvement 
 and innovation which characterized his efforts in 
 the cause of education, succeeded, in 1862, in 
 having the pantographic plan of teaching intro- 
 duced into some of the city schools. It appears 
 from the records of 1863 that the election for offi- 
 cers of the board was not contested with the same 
 degree of interest which has marked subsequent 
 elections. Dr. Ridge and Dr. Birdsell having been 
 nominated for president, on motion of Dr. Ridge, 
 Dr. Birdsell was elected by acclamation, Mr. Cas- 
 sady continuing as secretary, and Mr. Sides suc- 
 ceeding Thomas A. Wilson as treasurer. James 
 M. Scovel seems to have exercised a potent influ- 
 ence in changing the location of the Genge School, 
 then in course of construction, to the centre of the 
 lot at Sixth, Market and Arch. Severns & Ward 
 were the contractors for this second building, 
 which, in its day, was considered a model school 
 structure, as was the Kaighn School, which, at the 
 suggestion of Dr. Middleton, the oldest school in 
 the city, became one of the best-lighted and 
 most thoroughly ventilated of the modernized 
 buildings. The number of school children had 
 increased to 4773,— North Ward, 1318; Middle 
 Ward, 1545; South Ward, 1910,— South Ward 
 then, as since, having been more mindful of the 
 divine injunction. 
 
 William Fewsmith entered the board at this pe- 
 riod, and ever after, until his resignation, took an 
 active and intelligent part in its deliberations. 
 Afterward, in assuming and discharging the duties 
 of the first superintendency of the same, he 
 methodized and systematized the working of the 
 daily growing to be more complicated machinery, 
 until the present admirable system was more 
 nearly perfected. 
 
 The Genge School building being finished, the di- 
 visions of the Berkley Street School were removed 
 to it, that building vacated and the schools con- 
 solidated, while an examination was ordered for 
 teachers to take charge of the new divisions. The 
 60 
 
 teachers selected were E. A. Singer, principal ; as- 
 sistants, Sidney L. Anderson, Sallie G. Rudderow, 
 C. Callett, Ellie E. Fenton and Jennie James. In 
 the Girls' Department: Sallie Walker, principal; 
 Kate L. Rudderow, Louisa Ash, Sallie T. Brown, 
 Edith Heany and Rachel Brevoort. A Teachers' 
 Association was in operation at this period, which 
 developed into a Teachers' Institute. A general 
 increase in the inadequate salaries of teachers was 
 made at this time. In 1866 the organization was 
 effected by the choice of Thomas G. Rowand, 
 M.D., as president, and the continuance of the 
 other oflScers, changes in these positions being 
 rarely made. Night-schools were first established 
 in December of this year; yet, although all the ap- 
 pliances needed were furnished, they seem to have 
 been but indifferently successful. Edwin A. 
 Stevens, of Hoboken, N. J., haviiig donated the 
 lot on which the new Middle Ward School was 
 built in 1867, it was therefore called the "Stevens 
 School." The donation of this lot was the last of- 
 ficial act of Mr. Stevens prior to his departure for 
 Europe, from which he never returned. William 
 B. Mulford was the contractor for the erection of 
 this elegant school building, with fifteen divisions, 
 affording rooms for the General Book Depository, 
 the meeting-room of the board and the sessions of 
 the Normal Class. 
 
 On the completion of the Stevens School, in 1868, 
 the Plum and Elm Street rooms were vacated, the 
 scholars transferred, and W. L. Say re was ap- 
 pointed principal of the boys' department, and 
 Hope Anthony of the girls' department of the new 
 school ; C. Henry Kain taking the principalship of 
 the North Ward Boys', and Kate L. Rudderow of 
 the Girls' School ; while N. J. Morrison and Miss 
 E. J. Peddie were respectively appointed to the 
 South Ward School. The South Ward Colored 
 School was placed in charge of D. G. Harris, and 
 in 1869 an additional colored school was estab- 
 lished at Third Street and Mount Vernon. 
 
 April, 1870, Dr. J. M. Ridge was elected presi- 
 dent, and Dr. Alexander Mecray superintendent, 
 the other ofiicers being re-elected. 
 
 The census of school children was reported by 
 Thomas McDowell to be five thousand two hun- 
 dred and ninety-one, and to provide for the pres- 
 sure, a house on Cooper Street and a portion of the 
 Baptist Church, Fourth and Mount Vernon, were 
 rented for primary purposes. The salaries of the 
 three male principals were fixed at fifteen hundred 
 dollars, and of the three female principals at seven 
 hundred and fifty dollars each. 
 
 The State Teachers' Association meeting in Cam- 
 den in 1871, Mayor Charles Cox, Rudolphus 
 
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 Til kIi'IIi'""!. I'".vluiinl lo.iK lliii Ti'iirlliM'illwl llio Si'hi<i>l." 
 
 502 HISTORY OF CAMPKN COHNTV, NKW .IKRSKY. 
 
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 (iooH'roy lUioUwiillcr lo ('oiilnil .Vvoniio, llio iiowor 'I'lio niinilioi' ol' loiioliorH wiih Movonly-roiir ; III© 
 
 loiioliois llion, MS siiioo, Inking' llio lowoi' soliools niiiiilior of soliolm-H tliroo llioiisiind oiglil, liiindrod 
 
 and iiiakin^ Mioir way up lo (lio liiglior gnido and ninoloon. 'I'lio Noliool ooiiHiis ropoi'Uid OVUV 
 
 aoliools US vaomicios oooiinod. oin'lil. llioiisiliid oliildroii of school ilg'O, wllowlllK 
 
 'I'lic sclioid-lionsc for colored oliildroii on Moiml, (liat, alioiili oiio-lialf flic Hclioiil popiiliilion was flicil 
 
 VcriuHi Slrcof was linisliod and flic 'I'liird and onuiiijcil in work or pursuits disqiialifyiiin' llunii 
 
 Miuiiif Vernon school aliandinicd. William II. I'\ I'niiii piiMic liiiliini, tiNcopt as llioy arc fnrtlicr 
 
 Ariiistcad was ap]>oiiilod principal, and lloiiry provided for by a, do/.oii excellent parocliiiil and 
 
 Uoyer placed in cliai'n'O id' flie I'Vrry lioad ('olored private sclnxds. lOvidonce of llio tlioriainliiioss of 
 
 Hcliool — these two schoids providing!; ample ac.coni- the instniotioii in the hcIiooIh is fnrnisliod in an 
 
 inodatiiMi for all the ccdored children in tlio city. oxamination report of this period, in which it is 
 
 The Cooper School was built by the board in shown that nearly all the oiindidates Cor teaclnnV 
 
 IH71, with Sainiicl Monroe as conlractor, at a cost corliliciitcs wore impils of the uraniiiiar Hchools, 
 
 of thirty tlioiismid nine hniidrcd and Hoventy- and while tlio rivpiircinents for (pialirn'atioii weru 
 
 three dcdlars. It is pronounced one of llie finest in no sense lowered, more tluui twinity of tlioso 
 
 school buildings in the State, and was dedicalcd pupils in the llrst division passed cr(>ditably. 
 
 in the presence of the Stale and ciiunty sii|)oriii- Mr. Kain, wdio afterwards boc.iuuo a. nieiiiher of 
 
 teiidcnts and other di(!;nitarios, Walt Whitinmi |,li(\ board, rcsifjiied in Soptoiiibor, 1874, to l.ak«| 
 
 reading the dodicaiion pca-ni, and aildresses boiiit; the Northwest (Iriuiinmr School, I'hiladelpliia ) 
 
 delivered by iheSlatc, county and city superintend- Mr. Iliickwalli^r was Iraiisforrivl to Stuvens School, 
 
 cuts, President Hittenlionse, Principal Sainnels, thence to doopor, exchmin'iiiK places with Mr, 
 
 .1. M. (lassady and (lonlrollcr l\IiHi>!;aii, id' I'liila- Saniiiol ; and I'hilip Oressniaii appointed to (leil- 
 
 dclphia. Tlio following is Walt Wliitnian's poom : tral Avenno, Mr. I'^ry K<'ii>K fi' >'li>' Liberty Scluiol, 
 
 ■• AN m,„ MAN'S THOU,,,,,. „.- »,.„„.„,. '''''" ' 'OKiHlatu I'o, ill 1 H7f., ^wo iiu tliority to tlio 
 
 An Dili iiiiiti'H tliuiiKlit oC Mrhdiil 
 
 All old Itum, Kiitlim-lllK ynllMlI'llI liiniliiiiiiH iiiiil IiIodiiih, Ihill .vnllUl 
 
 Niiw only ilo I know you ! 
 
 O riiir luii'onil hIiIoh I O iiiornliip; ilnw ii|iiiii Mm ^ihhh [ 
 
 board to borrow fifty tboiisaiid dolhu'B ; thl'OO 
 
 lirowii stone two-story sidiool-honscs were huilli in 
 
 liwdf imnnoi. (lie lowor soctioii of tile city,-- in the lOinlith Ward 
 
 (ho.lohn VV. Mickle School, and in the Kll'tli tllO 
 Isaac W. Mnlford School and the Ivichard li'otlerH 
 A„,i iii.,«M r M„„ ii.n.„«„ni'i<ii,... ,„.,™ School, oiicli 1111111011 iiftor worthy citi/ens of Oam- 
 
 'j'lioNOHiuriiHoi' iii,vhM<'. iiK'iMihiir— MioHK .voiiiiK iiviM, doll who years ii|!;o took mi active interest in tlio 
 
 iMii(ii.iK,i|'i"i|>|ii"K, 111"'" iii'"i >'i"iii|w riiiiiiiiiiwi educational welfare of the city. TlioMo biiildiugs 
 
 were erected by the contractor, M. K. Harden, a 
 fornior iiioniber of the board, and are a credit to 
 the foriwiKlitand intoHip;oiiceid' .loliti II, Dialogmi, 
 
 Only II I'lihiin Si^l 1? vvlio wiis iiistniiiiental in their oonstriiction. Diiu 
 
 , , , , of the ilci|iiisitioiis to the board for ii sinirhi toriii, 
 
 All iiioni Inlliillolv iiioro ; ' ^ 
 
 <A»lli>orKi.l:'nx nilH'il hlH wiil'liliiH! Ol'y, ' In IUIiIh pllo oC l.rloli iiiiil •<•'' ''''i" Pl>l'i<"l, WaS Willia,lll (llM'tisS, IVoill tlui l! il'Sl 
 niorliir— Hii)«i> ilniiil IIdihh, wlndinvii, mllii— yuii oiill llin nliiinili / Ward. 
 
 Soon loNiill out. oviir llin niniiMiirolnHM Hnil 
 Oil l,hi> SoiiI'h vnyiiKi'. 
 
 Only a lolol lioyHiind kIiInV 
 
 Only tliii tli'i'Hiiinit Npolllii^, wiHliiK, ('l|iliortn|( rliiKHoH i* 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 503 
 
 The Centennial year energized educators, as it 
 
 did everybody and everything else. The State 
 
 superintendent having notified the schools that 
 
 an educational exhibit would be expected from 
 
 New Jersey, Camden contributed her quota to an 
 
 aggregate officially pronounced in most respects 
 
 equal, and in several particulars superior, to the 
 
 exhibits of other States and countries. James M. 
 
 Cassady was the Centennial president, and J. L. 
 
 De La Cour, son of the first treasurer, succeeded 
 
 to the treasury so long guarded by the father. In 
 
 1877, B. Frank Sutton became president, William 
 
 T. Bailey treasurer, Charles W. Knight remaining 
 
 secretary, having succeeded William C. Figner. 
 
 The Stevens Primary School, built during the 
 
 Centennial year, is an admirable structure. The 
 
 old Kaighn School-house, under the supervision of 
 
 Messrs. Dialogue, Davis, Pierce, Middleton and 
 
 Perkins, was remodeled in 1876 and made a most 
 
 desirable school building, the work being done by 
 
 E. Allen Ward. 
 
 After several unsuccessful' attempts to set up the 
 new adjunct to the system, the Normal Class was 
 finally established this year through the agency 
 of Messrs. Middleton, Cassady and Pierce, com- 
 mittee on teachers — Philip Cressman being ap- 
 pointed principal, and Charles K. Middleton filling 
 the vacancy in the Mickle School occasioned by 
 the transfer. The Normal Class was originally de- 
 signed as a preparatory school for teachers, to supr 
 plement the policy of the board in selecting can- 
 didates from its own schools, In June, 1878, its 
 first class was graduated. For some time previous 
 to this period the school census had increased to 
 more than ten thousand, and the matter of provid- 
 ing accommodations excited attention, being prin- 
 cipally urged by Messrs. Currie and Middleton, of 
 the First District, and lots for a new school-house 
 were secured. Temporary accoramoilation was af- 
 forded through rented rooms and the adoption of 
 a half-day session. 
 
 At the expiration of the school year of 1878, 
 William H. Samuel, following the example of 
 Messrs. Bartine, Boyer, Sayre, Kain, Singer and 
 other efficient Camden principals, resigned the 
 principalahip of the Stevens School to take a school 
 in the Thirty-first Section, Philadelphia, when 
 George E. Fry was promoted to the Stevens School 
 and E. F. Way was appointed to the Liberty 
 School. At the next meeting of the board the 
 first formal visit of Philadelphia school officials 
 took place, when addresses of mutual congratula- 
 tion were delivered. 
 
 The Public Schools sincis 1879.— For the 
 history of the public schools of Camden since 
 
 1879, acknowledgments are due Geo. E. Fry, the 
 efficient principal of the Second School District of 
 Camdep. 
 
 The important items of interest relating to the 
 schools for the year 1879 are as follows : Officers of 
 the school board elected — B. Frank Sutton, presi- 
 dent ; Charles W. Knight, secretary ; William T. 
 Bailey, treasurer ; Henry L. Bonsall, superin- 
 tendent. Drawing and theory of teaching were 
 added to the branches required for teachers' ex- 
 aminations, Westlake's Spellers, Steel's Physics 
 and Kellogg's Language Lesson Books were adopted 
 for use in the schools. The teachers' committee 
 was composed of Dr. M. F. Middleton, James M. 
 Cassady, J. C. De La Cour and D. B. Litzenberg. 
 The tax rate for school purposes was four and one- 
 half mills. The crowded primary schools were 
 given two classes of pupils, each class attending 
 school one-half of the day; July 7th, the contract 
 for constructing the Northeast School building 
 corner of Seventh and Vine Streets, was awarded to 
 Joseph Butcher for eleven thousand three hundred 
 and forty-eight dollars; the building committee 
 were Charles F. Curry, Joseph B. Fox, John H. 
 Dialogue and Davis B. Litzenberg; school popula- 
 tion in September was eleven thousand nine 
 hundred and seventy-eight; Buckwalter's Spellers 
 were adopted for use in the schools. 
 
 In January, 1880, the Northeast School building; 
 at Seventh and Vine Streets, was finished and 
 accepted by the board, and in February, Miss Mary 
 Burrough was appointed principal. In March the 
 board passed a resolution granting third-class 
 certificates to all teachers who held fourth class 
 certificates, and had taught five years. 
 
 In April Mr. B. F. Sutton retired from the 
 presidency of tho^ board, which was then reorgan- 
 ized by the election of Charles F. Cuiry to that 
 office, and the choice of Charles W. Knight and 
 W. F. Bailey, respectively, as secretary and treas- 
 urer. H. L. Bonsall was elected city superintendent. 
 In July a contract was let to Wni. T. Mead for 
 building an addition of four rooms to the Liberty 
 School building, at Spruce and Eighth Streets, 
 making it a twelve-room building. Theamountof 
 contract was five thousand seven hundred dollars. 
 In 1881 the first incident worthy of note was the 
 appointment of Messrs. Sutton, Davis, Cassady, 
 Fox and Middleton, of the board, as a committee 
 to wait on the Legislature in the interest of the 
 public schools of the city. On April 4th there 
 was a spirited contest between Messrs. Sutton and 
 Curry for the presidency, and the former was 
 elected upon the forty-seventh ballot. The former 
 secretary and treasurer were re-elected. In De- 
 
504 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 cember the first action was taken toward the 
 introduction of sewing in the schools. 
 
 In 1882— March— Mr. J. B. Fox was elected 
 president, and the former secretary and treasurer 
 of the board were re-elected. In June of this 
 year the total number of children of school age 
 was reported as twelve thousand eight hundred and 
 fifty-eight. On August 21st, Wm. H. F. Armstead, 
 principal of the Mt. Vernon Colored School, re- 
 signed his position and was succeeded by Wm. F. 
 Powell. 
 
 In March, 1888, the board organized with Davis 
 B. Litzenberg, president; Charles B. Capewell, 
 secretary ; and Wm. Calhoun, treasurer. Martin V. 
 Bergen was elected city superintendent and T. J. 
 Middleton, solicitor. The teachers' committee 
 having for years past felt the importance of giving 
 the principals a better opportunity for superintend- 
 ing the various departments in their district, often 
 discussed the matter, but came to no definite con- 
 clusion until the meeting in April, when a member 
 of the committee presented a resolution making 
 the male principals of the grammar schools district 
 principals and appointing an " auxiliary " in each 
 district to assist the district principal. The resolu- 
 tion received favorable comment from other 
 prominent members of the teachers' committee, 
 and was adopted by the board without a dissenting 
 voice, and the plan having now been in successful 
 operation over three years, has proved to be one of 
 the best moves made by the board to improve the 
 system of instruction in our public schools. Martin 
 V. Bergen, city superintendent, in his report in May, 
 as a summary of the reports from the district prin- 
 cipals — viz.: Geoffrey Buckwalter, First District; 
 Geo. E. Fry, Second District ; Horatio Draper 
 Third District ; Edwin F. Way, Fourth District • 
 Chas. K. Middleton, Fifth District ; and Wm. f! 
 Powell, Sixth District, — reported enrolled six thou- 
 sand and forty scholars, with an average attendance 
 of three thousand nine hundred and ninety. Mr. 
 Bergen, in his report, urged the board to make 
 some provision whereby the colored teachers could 
 receive instruction and receive the same advantages 
 as white teachers. Mr. Bergen also expressed his 
 satisfaction with the good condition of the schools 
 and the efficiency of the teachers. The following 
 were the first auxiliaries appointed under the new 
 system: First District, Clara Shivers; Second 
 District, Laura B. Munyan ; Third District, Eosa 
 Flanegin ; Fourth District, May L. Shivers ; Fifth 
 District, Belle E. Forbes; Sixth District, Bella 
 Douglass. During the summer vacation Miss 
 Helen Smith, a faithful and devoted teacher, died 
 after a very brief illness. 
 
 In January, 1884, the superintendent reported 
 the total enrollment, as furnished him by the 
 district principals, six thousand six hundred and 
 forty-seven and average attendance of five thousand 
 and twenty-six. 
 
 In January, 1884, there were enrolled in the 
 evening schools for colored applicants one hundred 
 and thirty-five scholars, with an average attendance 
 of eighty-two. 
 
 At this meeting the John W. Mickle and Mount 
 Vernon Schools were raised to the grade of gram- 
 mar schools. At the meeting in October, 1884, 
 the advisory committee of the Firat District re- 
 ported on the necessity of making provision for 
 more school accommodation in that district, owing 
 to the overcrowded condition of the schools. It 
 was ordered that the members of the First Dis- 
 trict, as a committee, investigate the matter of se- 
 curing a suitable site for a school building north 
 of the Camden and Atlantic Railroad and to 
 ascertain the probable cost of a new building. A 
 great change was also made in the text-books 
 this year. The total enrollment, as reported by 
 City Superintendent Martin V. Bergen, was seven 
 thousand two hundred and eighty. A scholars' 
 library was started in the Second District with 
 forty-five volumes, and through the efforts of 
 teachers and pupils it has been increased to 
 ninety-eight volumes. In November, 1884, a 
 night-school of five divisions for boys was opened 
 in E. A. Stevens School, under the principal- 
 ship of George E. Fry ; also in the Kaighn 
 School ; one of two divisions for girls, under the 
 principalship of Miss Anna Farrell and super- 
 vised by District Principal H. Draper. 
 
 March 16, 1885, the new board organized with 
 Maurice A. Rogers, president ; Charles B. Cape- 
 well, secretary ; William Calhoun, treasurer ; 
 Harry L. Bonsall, superintendent ; and Timothy 
 J. Middleton, solicitor. 
 
 A careful and thorough revision of the limita- 
 tions of studies was effected during the summer 
 by city superintendent and district principals) 
 and adopted by the board. A more thorough 
 course of instruction was thus provided and the 
 education of the children made more practical. 
 The entire number of children of school age, as 
 reported by the census-takers June, 1885, was 
 14,973. The total appropriation for school pur- 
 poses for the school year beginning April, 1884, 
 was ninety-seven thousand four hundred dollars, 
 and for the year beginning April, 1885, it was 
 one hundred and seven thousand two hundred 
 dollars, which latter sum included ten thousand 
 dollars to be used in the building of the school- 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 505 
 
 house at Broadway and Clinton Streets. During 
 the summer of 1885 the Cooper School building 
 was so badly damaged by the cyclone that it cost 
 two thousand four hundred and seventy-seven 
 dollars to put it in proper repair. 
 
 Night-schools were opened by the board in the 
 winter of 1885-86 for three months, in First, 
 Second, Third and Sixth Districts, and placed in 
 charge of the respective district principals. The 
 attendance throughout the term was good and 
 great interest was manifested. 
 
 The new board for 1886-87 organized March 
 15, 1886, with James R. Carson, president; W. H. 
 Snyder, secretary ; W. A. Calhoun, treasurer ; 
 Martin V. Bergen, city superintendent; and J. 
 Eugene Troth, solicitor. The new school-house 
 Broadway and Clinton Streets is being built by 
 John C. Rogers, for twenty-five thousand nine 
 hundred dollars. The building will be sixty by 
 ninety feet, and contain twelve school-rooms, and 
 on the third floor a board-room and two committee" 
 rooms. 
 
 June 8, 1886, City Superintendent Bergen re- 
 ported having visited all the schools and found 
 them in a good condition. The reports from 
 district principals showed a total enrollment of 
 6498 pupils, with an average attendance of 4561. 
 
 On September 6, 1886, the board re-graded the 
 teachers' salaries. 
 
 Through the efforts of the district principals, 
 aided by their assistants and the female principals 
 and the support of the Board of Education, the 
 old plan of holding quarterly and semi-annual 
 examinations of pupils for promotion has given 
 place to the superior and more acceptable plan 
 of monthly examinations, stimulating the pupils 
 to exertion and diligence throughout every part of 
 the term. 
 
 The Camden school system is on an excellent 
 basis ; the city being divided into six districts, with 
 an average of about thirteen hundred pupils to a 
 district and one grammar school in each, all other 
 buildings feeding the grammai- school ; conse- 
 quently, as the population increases and more 
 school -houses are built, the grammar schools must 
 become stronger and better. 
 
 The evening schools, a partial failure several 
 years ago, have, during the last few years, through 
 the determined efforts of the district principals, 
 assisted by the janitors and assistants and warmly 
 supported by the board, proved a grand success 
 and have afforded very fine facilities for those who 
 cannot attend day-school. 
 
 The steady advancement made in the Camden 
 school system is another strong evidence of the 
 
 importance of employing, as far as possible, princi- 
 pals and teachers who make teaching a life pro- 
 fession, and therefore throw their energy into 
 the work of doing the best for the education of 
 the children. 
 
 Among the oldest educators in point of time 
 are Messrs. Horatio Draper, Geoffrey Buckwalter 
 and George E. Fry among the males ; and the 
 Misses Harriet King, Anita Wright, M. Jennie 
 Wood, Sallie T. Brown, Louisa Ash, Jennie James, 
 Sidney L. Anderson, Sallie E. Hall, ilary L. Mis- 
 kelly, Edith G. Heany, Minnie Titus, Nellie Or- 
 cutt. Belle Mayberry, Anna Wood, Mary M. 
 Reeve and Anna Farrell among the ladies. 
 
 The full membership of the Board of Education 
 for the year 1886, is as follows : Stanley Muschamp, 
 James R. Carson, Thomas W. Beattie, Irvine C. 
 Beatty, George W. Ealer, Charles S. Ackley, Wil- 
 liam Ireton, William A. Husted, George G. Bun- 
 dick, Ellis W. Woolverton, A. S. X. Cowan, James 
 L. Johnson, Edward S. Matlack, Edward A. Mar- 
 tin, William Drake, James Ware, Jr. 
 
 The Newtox Juvexile Debatixg Society 
 was organized January 24, 1807, by a number of 
 young men of Camden and its vicinity, and was 
 quite a flourishing society, particularly notable as 
 showing the tone of popular feeling and taste 
 among the young men of the time. James Cooper 
 was the first president and Joseph Mickle secre- 
 tary and treasurer. The original members were 
 Isaac Z. Collings, John Hinchman, Samuel Hen- 
 dry, Mason Ward, Jacob Evaul, George Stokes, 
 Joseph Thackara, John Brown, James Cooper, 
 Joseph Mickle, Samuel Eastlack, Samuel Sloan, 
 Isaac Stokes, Thomas Donghten, Joseph Cooper, 
 Thomas Thackara, David Henry, Jr., John Sloan, 
 Samuel Knight, Samuel Blackwood, Jonathan 
 Knight, Samuel Barton and Isaac Coraly. 
 
 The object of the society was to discuss questions 
 brought before them, and the president was au- 
 thorized to issue tickets of admission to the debates 
 to persons not membere. The society assembled 
 at Newton Meeting School-house, Sloan's School- 
 house and at convenient places in and near the 
 then small village of Camden quite regularly for 
 a little over a year, and the society then passed 
 out of existence. It seems to have been the 
 pioneer of a large number of debating and literary 
 societies, lyceums, etc., of varying degrees of ex- 
 cellence, but all quite ephemeral. 
 
 WoKTHiXGTOs LiBKARY COMPANY. — This com- 
 pany was organized as early as February, 183S, and 
 in the winter of 1839-40 instituted a lecture course. 
 Lectures were delivered in the lower room of the 
 Baptist Church. The first in the course was by 
 
506 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEESEY. 
 
 Dr. Isaac S. Mulford, who was followed by Abra- 
 ham Browning, Dr. Caldwell, Chauncey Bulkley, 
 William J. Allinson, Samuel K. Gunnimere, James 
 Wilson, Dr. Earle and J. R. Chandler. The course 
 of 1840-41 was delivered by David Paul Brown, 
 Eev. George Chandler, E. Morris, John M. Eeed, 
 Chauncey Bulkley, William M. Jeffers, Job E. 
 Tyson, Eev. P. E. Moriarty, J. T. S. Sullivan and 
 Morton McMichael. 
 
 The trustees of the company for the year 1840 
 were E. Cole, E. W. Ogden, Jr., I. Mickle, J. A. 
 Balantine, G. Stevers, Jr., J. Folwell and S. S. E. 
 Cowperthwait. The course of lectures for 1841-42 
 were delivered by the following gentlemen : Hon. 
 Samuel L. Southard, David Paul Brown, Esq., 
 Philadelphia ; Lucius Q. Elmer, Bridgeton ; Eev. 
 F. A. Eustis, Philadelphia; J. T. S. Sullivan 
 Esq., Philadelphia; Morton McMichael, Esq., 
 Philadelphia; William B. Kinney, Esq., editor 
 of the Newark Daily Advertiser; Eichard P. 
 Thompson, Salem, N. J. ; James T. Sherman, 
 Esq., editor of the State Gazette, Trenton; 
 William D. Kelly, Esq., Philadelphia ; Stacy D. 
 Potts, Esq., Trenton ; Eichard W. Howell, Esq., 
 Camden ; Henry S. Patterson, M.D., Philadelphia; 
 William N. Jeffers, Esq., Camden ; Isaac S. Mul- 
 ford, M.D., Camden; and L. P. Fisler, M.D., 
 mayor, Camden. 
 
 Private Schools.— The school, conducted by 
 the sisters. Miss Mary G. and Miss Annie Grey 
 has firmly established for itself, by over twenty 
 years of success, an excellent reputation as a first- 
 class seminary for young ladies and little girls. 
 Originally occupying the school building con- 
 nected with the Friends' Meeting-House, it was 
 later removed to its present location, 709 Market 
 Street, where the conveniences of commodious 
 school and class-rooms were added to the advantages 
 resulting from faithful, conscientious teaching. 
 
 The course of instruction comprises all the 
 branches of a thorough English education; also 
 French, Latin, German, drawing and music. 
 
 The department of music, conducted by Miss 
 Annie Grey, has for years furnished thorough in- 
 struction to pupils seeking to perfect themselves 
 in a musical education. 
 
 The Commercial Institute, at No. 608 Broad- 
 way, was established in 1882 by Charles M. Abra- 
 hamson. Both males and females are taught in 
 this school. In 1885 there were one hundred and 
 nine students admitted and instructed; the present 
 year, 1886, there are forty-nine in attendance. 
 
 A Kindergarten School was kept for some years, 
 at No. 557 Mickle Street, by Miss Ida L. Warner, 
 but, in July, 1886, was removed to Germantown. 
 
 Mrs. S. A. Wescott was for four years the prin- 
 cipal of the Young Ladies' Seminary, at No. 312 
 Cooper Street, but it has been discontinued since 
 the close of the spring term of the present year, 
 1886. 
 
 The excellent school of the Misses Northrop was 
 opened in 1879, as a Kindergarten School, and in 
 1885 became a graded school in which six teachers 
 are employed. During the year 1886, a large 
 building was erected on Penn Street, where the 
 school is now conducted. 
 
 The West Jersey Orphanage for colored 
 children is situated on the corner of Sixth and 
 Mechanic Streets. This excellent institution owes 
 its origin largely to the' efforts of Mrs. Martha M. 
 Kaighn, Mrs. Mary E. S. Wood and Mrs. Rebecca 
 C. W. Eeeve. The object of the Orphanage is to 
 afford a home for destitute colored children of 
 Camden County and neighboring counties, give 
 them the rudiments of an education and train 
 them to habits of industry. At a suitable age they 
 are indentured to respectable families. A charter 
 was procured, February 17, 1874, and the institu- 
 tion organized by the selection of the following 
 board of trustees : 
 
 Joseph M. Kaighn, president. 
 Edw. Bettle, Ist vice-president. 
 Augustus Reeves, 2d vioe-pres. 
 J. E. Atkinson, recd'g sect'y. 
 Wm. A. French, cor. sect'y. 
 Howard M. Cooper, solicitor. 
 Jacob J. Pitman. 
 Joseph M. Cooper. 
 John Gill, Jr. 
 
 Wm. Bettle. 
 
 Geo. K. Johnson, Jr. 
 
 John Cooper. 
 
 Dr. Isaac B. Mulford, physician. 
 
 Henry Fredericks. 
 
 John C. Stockham. 
 
 Asahel Troth. 
 
 Alexander C. Wood. 
 
 Joseph B. Cooper, 
 
 Richard H. Reeve. 
 
 The members of the original board of managers 
 were, — 
 
 Martha M. Kaighn, president. 
 M. P. Bettle, Ist vice-president. 
 M. S. Troth, 2d '" 
 Anna Burroughs, treasurer. 
 Susan S. Atkinson, rec'g sect'y. 
 Mary M. Mulford, cor. sect'y. 
 Edith E. James. 
 Jane Bettle. 
 Annie S. Baker. 
 Elizabeth Cooper. 
 Sarah Fredericks. 
 
 Mary H. Pitman. 
 Ellen C. Cooper. 
 Mary S. Bettle. 
 Rebecca C. W. Reeve. 
 Matilda Buckius. 
 Mary M. Cooper. 
 Elizabeth T. Gill, 
 Mary B. S. Wood. 
 Sallie K. Johuson. 
 Mary C. Browning. 
 Sallie C. Kaighn. 
 
 Joseph M. Kaighn donated three lots of ground 
 at Oak and Chestnut Streets, in the Seventh Ward 
 of Camden, and three adjoining lots were pur- 
 chased, the intention being to locate the Orphan- 
 age there, but at a subsequent meeting it was de- 
 cided to purchase of James W. Purnell the two- 
 story brick, built by Joseph Kaighn for a farm- 
 house at Sixth and Mechanic Streets, with a half- 
 acre of ground. A few necessary repairs and al- 
 terations were made, and on January 20, 1875, the 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 507 
 
 institution was opened, with Mrs. Deborah Rich- 
 ardson as Matron, and on the 29th of that month 
 the first child was admitted. Mrs. Eichardson re- 
 mained in charge but a few months and her place 
 was filled by Mrs. Jane Price as matron, and her 
 daughter, Ida Price, as teacher. The children are 
 taken at any age under twelve years if old enough 
 to walk, but an effort is made to find them homes 
 before they are eleven years of age. Of those who 
 have gone out from the Orphanage very favorable 
 reports have been received. The Orphanage is 
 supported solely by the free-will oflFerings of be- 
 nevolent persons. During the year 1886 twenty- 
 four children were cared for in it. 
 
 The Board of Trustees for 1886 are,— 
 
 H. M. Cooper, president and solic- Br. Wallace McGeorge. 
 
 itor. Joseph B. Cooper. 
 
 Dr. G. W, Bailey, first vice-pres. Richard H. Eeeve. 
 
 Daniel Thackara, second vice-pres. John Cooper. 
 
 Alexander C. Wo^d, sec. and treas. Augustus Reeve. 
 
 ■William Hettle. John Gill. 
 
 George K. Johnson, Jr. Edward L. Farr. 
 
 William B. Cooper. Thomas W. Synnott. 
 
 William J. Evans. Ber^jamin C. Reeve. 
 
 AVilliam J. Cooper. David E. Cooper. 
 
 The board of managers are, — 
 
 Mary 35. S. Wood, president, Cin- Lizzie J. Martindale. 
 
 naminson. Hettie G. Evans. 
 
 Sallie K. Johnson, first vice-presi- Maria M. Clement. 
 
 dent. Anne J. Stokes. 
 
 Mary S. Bettle, second vice-presi- Martha C. Stokes. 
 
 dent. Elizabeth C. Reeve. 
 
 Rebecca C. W. Reeve, treaBurer. Hannah H. Stokes. 
 
 Hannah F. Carter, recording sec- Mary E. Eyre. 
 
 retary. Abbie B. Warrington. 
 
 Susan S. Wood, corresponding sec- Rebecca C. Reeve. 
 
 retary. Anna B. Fowler. 
 
 Sophia Presley, M.D., physician. Lucy S. Cooper. 
 
 Anna S. Stark. Laura W, Scull. 
 
 Mary L. Troth. Caroline Bettle. 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 THE MANTjrACTTJBING INDUSTRIES. 
 
 Iron Works — Lumber interests of Camden — Oil Cloth Manufactories 
 — Woolen and Woreted Mills — Miscellaneous Industries — Car- 
 riage Making— Shoe and Morocco Factories. 
 
 The proximity to Philadelphia — the greatest 
 manufacturing city in the Union — the superior local 
 resources, the many eligible sites, and the situa- 
 tion, being near the great marts of trade and com- 
 merce of the seaboard Stales, have been the causes 
 of Camden developing into a manufacturing city 
 of great importance and influence. The substan- 
 tial prosperity of Camden within the last decade has 
 been largely due to the establishment of manufac- 
 turing industries which have given employment to 
 many persons who found homes in the growing 
 
 city. A sketch of many of the minor industries 
 which existed at a former day is given in the early 
 history of Camden. A description and a history of 
 those now flourishing, given in the succeeding 
 pages, will furnish a valuable chapter to the 
 " History of Camden County." 
 
 IRON WORKS. 
 
 The Camden Iron Works.— In 1845 John F. 
 Starr, who had leased the iron foundry of Eliaa 
 Kaighn, at the foot of Stevens Street, built the 
 Camden Iron Works, on the north side of Bridge 
 Avenue, above Third Street, for the manufacture 
 of gas works machinery and steam-pipes. He 
 had previously been associated with his father, 
 Moses Starr, and brother, Jesse W. Starr, in build- 
 ing iron steamboats — the " Conestoga,'' " Inde- 
 pendence " and " Ida," — and for a time at Hobo- 
 ken, N. J., where he built the iron steamboat " John 
 Stevens." His Camden enterprise was a success, 
 and, in 1846, Jesse W. Starr, taking an interest in 
 the works, another foundry amd machine shop was 
 started on Bridge Avenue, below Second Street, 
 where Jesse W. Starr erected the large three- 
 story brick building, long known as Starr's Hall, 
 and which was used as a hardware store. The firm 
 then employed a hundred men, but orders exceeded 
 their facilities, and in 1847 the ground was bought 
 on Cooper's Creek, and then was laid the founda- 
 tion for the extensive establishment known as the 
 Camden Iron Works, now one of the most ex- 
 tensive manufacturing industries in West Jersey. 
 
 In 1883 the works were purchased by a stock 
 company, in which R. D. Wood & Co., of Phila- 
 delphia, are largely interested. The works had not 
 been in operation for nearly two years previous to 
 this purchase, but were successfully started again 
 in the fall of 1883, after some needed improve- 
 ments had been made. Early in 1884 the entire 
 works were in full operation, and since that time 
 have been steadily running to their full capacity. 
 The buildings in which the difiTerent branches of 
 the business are carried on, cover an area of twenty 
 acres, with an additional tract of twenty-one acres, 
 used for storing material and manufactured pro- 
 ducts. The buildings include six large foundries 
 for the manufacture of cast-iron pipes, machinery 
 for gas works, water works plants and other heavy 
 machinery, one large machine shop, two boiler 
 shops, carpenter and pattern shops, blacksmith 
 shops, store-houses, offices and stables. These are 
 all conveniently located on the grounds. Five 
 powerful steam-engines supply the motive-power 
 of the many and varied patterns of improved and 
 automatic machinery used in the mechanical de- 
 
508 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 partment of the works. Two large duplex pumping 
 engines furnish the water supply for fire protection 
 and general purposes. Coopers Creek, which is 
 navigahle some distance ahove the works, gives the 
 company excellent facilities for water transporta- 
 tion, and several branch tracks of the Camden and 
 Amboy Railroad enter the works at various points. 
 About eight hundred men are employed in the 
 different departments. The products of the Cam- 
 den Iron Works have acquired a great reputation 
 for excellence of manufacture. They are shipped 
 and supplied to all parts of the United States. 
 ■R. D. Wood &. Co. now operate the works. Walter 
 Wood, of Philadelphia, is president, and John 
 Graham, Jr., also of Philadelphia, is the general 
 manager. 
 
 The M. a. Fuebush & Son Machine Co. own 
 extensive machine-shops at the corner of Twelfth 
 Street and Market. It is one of the most prom- 
 inent manufacturing enterprises in the city of Cam- 
 den, and gives regular employment to about three 
 hundred workmen. A great variety of machinery 
 for woolen-mills is here manufactured. The works 
 were erected and the business originally established 
 in 1 863, by the firm of Furbush & Gage. In 1869 
 Mr. Gage retired from the firm, and Merrill A. Fur- 
 bush, in partnership with Charles A. Furbush, his 
 son, continued the business, under the firm-name 
 of M. A. Furbush & Son, until January, 1884, 
 when a charter of incorporation was obtained as 
 the M. A. Furbush & Son Machine Company. 
 The business has gradually increased, and is now 
 a very productive industry. The machinery made 
 at these works is sold throughout the United 
 States, Canada and South America. An area of 
 twelve acres, surrounded by Market and Twelfth 
 Streets, the Pennsylvania Railroad and Coopers 
 Creek, is owned and occupied by this company, 
 and several large brick buildings, covering four 
 acres of this tract, constitute the shops where this 
 extensive business is done. The machinery of the 
 works is driven by a one hundred and fifty horse- 
 power engine, supplied by three huge boilers. 
 
 The Camden Tool and Tube Works. — This 
 large manufacturing establishment, located at the 
 corner of Second Street and Stevens, is a branch of 
 the Reading, Pa., Iron Works. The large, three- 
 story brick building, whose dimensions are one 
 hundred by one hundred and fifty feet, was built by 
 John Kaighn, and originally us^d by him for the 
 manufacture of agricultural implements. It was af- 
 terwards used by John H. Dialogue, the ship-build- 
 er, as a machine and boiler-shop, and also for a 
 foundry. Previous to 1864 it was known as Griffith's 
 Pipe-Finishing Mill. In 1864 the Reading Iron 
 
 Works purchased the entire property, introduced 
 new machinery, made other improvements and 
 began the manufacture of wrought-iron tubes, 
 hand and power screw-cutting machines, screwing- 
 stocks and dies, drill-stocks, dies, taps, reamers, 
 tongs and other tools used by gas-fitters and 
 plumbers. A twenty-five horse-power engine 
 drives the machinery of the works. Fifty work- 
 men are regularly employed. The location of the 
 works, near the Delaware River, and near the ter- 
 minus of the Camden and Amboy, Camden and 
 New York, New Jersey Southern, and Central 
 Railroads, affords easy and quick access to the sea- 
 board and inland towns and cities, where the pro- 
 ducts of manufacture are sent. The superintend- 
 ent of these works is C. W. Thompson. 
 
 The Coopers Point Iron Works were estab- 
 lished in 1867 by Fullerton & Hollingshead, who 
 continued to operate them until 1879, when Charles 
 F. Hollingshead became the sole proprietor. The 
 large, three-story brick building, one hundred by 
 one hundred and twenty feet, is fitted throughout 
 with improved machinery for the production of 
 finished work in the two departments of general 
 machinery and of iron railing. In the first depart- 
 ment steam-engines, boilers, pulleys, shafting and 
 mill-gearing are manufactured. In the second 
 department all kinds of plain and ornamental iron 
 railing and fencing, awning-frames, window-guards, 
 lot-in closures, fire-escapes, iron roofing, trusses, 
 etc., are made. The machinery is driven by an en- 
 gine of fifty horse-power. A_large force of work- 
 men is employed in the different departments. 
 
 Pearl Street Iron Foundry, at the foot of 
 Pearl Street, is owned and operated by Johnson 
 & Holt, who are engaged in the general iron 
 foundry business. In 1881 this firm established 
 the foundry for the manufacture of gray iron cast- 
 ings of various kinds desired by the trade. The 
 main foundry building is one hundred by fifty feet, 
 and adjoiningit are several smaller structures used 
 for cleaning, polishing and shipping the products 
 of manufacture. The foundry in all its departments 
 is furnished with ample motive-power and the 
 present demand for this class of iron castings from 
 this foundry gives employment to thirty-five 
 workmen. The trade is mostly local, but is grad- 
 ually extending to several adjacent States. Nelson 
 W. Johnson and Benj. Holt are the co-partners 
 and have built works at the foot of Elm Street, 
 with more extended facilities of manufacture than 
 the place now operated. 
 
 Camden Machine Works are situated at the 
 foot of Cooper Street. The site on which they are 
 built is a water lot which was purchased in 1878 by 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 509 
 
 Charles E. Derby and Joseph P. Weatherby, who 
 for fifteen years previously had been proprietors of 
 the machine works on North Front Street, under 
 the firm-name of Derby & Weatherby. The place 
 originally not being suited for the wants of this 
 increased business, the large two-story brick factory 
 building, fifty by one hundred and fifty feet, now 
 occupied, was built. It was then fitted with suit- 
 able machinery for the manufacture of appliances 
 for hoisting apparatus, dredging machines, engines 
 and for repairing machinery of diiferent kinds. 
 The wharf property extends one hundred and sixty 
 feet on Delaware A.venne and continues westward 
 to the riparian or port warden line, with an open 
 space to form two landings, the water dock, eighty 
 by seven hundred feet, being between. This dock 
 is for the accommodation of tug-boats and steamers 
 needing repairs and it also oiTers facilities for un- 
 loading cargoes from vessels, and for shipment. 
 Nearly every manufactory from the lower end of 
 Kaighns Point to the upper end of Coopers Point, 
 as also all the ferry companies, have their machin- 
 ery made or repaired by this firm. Thirty work- 
 men are employed, and the trade extends to many 
 localities in the adjacent States. 
 
 Machine Tool Manufactory. — The manu- 
 facture of machinists' tools in their various forms 
 is an industry of considerable importance to Cam- 
 den as a manufacturing city. In 1881, J. F. Blair 
 started an establishment for this purpose at the 
 corner of Point and Pearl Streets, and in 1882 ad- 
 mitted J. G. Gage as a partner. The business was 
 extended to include the manufacture of engine 
 lathes and special machinery In 1883 the interest 
 of J. G. Gage was transferred to D. T. Gage, and the 
 firm is now known as J. F. Blair & Co. A large 
 and increasing business is done not only in the 
 manufacture, but also in the repairing of machine 
 tools, for saw-mills, planing-mills and grist-mills in 
 the surrounding country. From twenty-five to 
 thirty workmen are employed. The business office 
 of this establishment is at No. 118 Market Street, 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 The Standard Machine Works, at Nos. 117, 
 119 and 121 North Front Street, occupy a large 
 portion of a square. This productive industry is 
 owned by Samuel N. Shreve, Esq., who in 1884 
 conducted a manufactory of similar kind at the 
 corner of Second Street and Stevens. In the de- 
 structive cyclone of August 3, 1885, this establish- 
 ment was blown down and he at once resumed 
 business at the present location. The ample 
 equipments of these works in improved machinery 
 are adapted to the production of machine work of 
 various kinds and mill repairs. In connection with 
 61 
 
 this industry a large number of workmen are em- 
 {)loyed in the manufacture of Gray's patent revolv- 
 ing screw machine, and the Louderback combi- 
 nation tool. Of the latter specialty one thousand 
 and five hundred pairs are made weekly. Forty- 
 five workmen are constantly employed. 
 
 The Camden Architectural Iron Works, 
 at Nos. Ill, 113 and 115 North Front Street, were 
 established in 1870 by John F. Starr, Jr., who 
 operated them until 1882, when James A. Carr and 
 Adam C. Smith bought his interest and the ma- 
 chinery, and under the firm-name of Carr & Smith 
 have since operated them. A considerable business 
 has been done in the manufacture of heaters and 
 ranges. Galvanized iron cornices, window caps, 
 dormer windows, building trimmings, tin, slate and 
 corrugated iron roofing, awnings and weather vanes 
 are made at these works. This firm has the exclu- 
 sive right for the manfacture of Starr's ImprovedEx- 
 panding Water Conductor or rain spouts of eight 
 feetinlength, without a cross seam, andmadeof gal- 
 vanized iron. Fifty -seven workmen are employed 
 and the manufactured products are shipped over a 
 large area of the United States. The firm is pre- 
 paring to build an extensive addition to the 
 establishment, especially for facilitating the pro- 
 duction of galvanized architectural designs. 
 
 The' American Nickel Works are situated 
 on the east side of Tenth Street, extending to 
 Coopers Creek, south of State Street. This estab- 
 lishment, covering an area of two and a half acres, 
 occupies the site of a smaller one commenced in 
 1840, and which was rebuilt in 1862 by the present 
 owner and proprietor on an enlarged scale. In 
 1872 the works were destroyed by fire, and soon 
 after rebuilt and greatly improved. The works are 
 specially designed for the manufacture of nickel, 
 cobalt oxides, blue vitriol, copperas, nickel salts, 
 etc., from the ores of the Gap nickel mines, in Lan- 
 caster County, Pa., which, with the works, are 
 owned and conducted by the general manager, 
 Joseph Wharton. No other nickel or cobalt works 
 exist in this country, though ores of these metals 
 occur in many places. Three large engines are 
 required as a motive-power for the machinery and 
 fromsixty to eighty hands are constantly employed. 
 
 The Esterbrook Steel Pen Company. — 
 The manufacture of steel pens is comparatively 
 a new industry. The establishment engaged in 
 the production «f them in Camden is the oldest 
 and by far the most extensive one in the United 
 States, there being but two or three others in this 
 country. The early history of steel pen making is 
 herein briefly given : 
 
 A Eoman metal pen is said to have been found 
 
510 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 at Aosta, not a mere stylus, but a bronze pen slit, 
 and there is some evidence of a pea or reed of 
 bronze nearly as early as the invention of printing 
 in the fifteenth century. A hundred years ago 
 some steel pens were made in Birmingham by Mr. 
 Harrison for Dr. Priestly, and some of these passed 
 into the hands of Sir Joseph Mason in his early 
 days with Mr. Harrison, but all seem to be lost. 
 The first pen of metal of a definite date, beyond all 
 question, is one in a Dutch patent-book of 1717. 
 At the same time a polite ode of Pope refers to a 
 "steel and gold pen," but these were evidently lux- 
 uries only. It was about 1823 or 1824 that the 
 great revolution came by which pens were made 
 by a cheaper process — the hand-screw press, which 
 pierced the pens from sheet steel. Previously, pens 
 had been made from steel rolled into tube fashion, 
 and the joint formed the slit ; but these required 
 considerable labor to shape them into pen-form. 
 The use of the screw -press belongs to the period of 
 John Mitchell, Joseph Gillott and Josiah Mason ; 
 but on a careful review of the facts, it seems to be 
 clear that John Mitchell has the best claim to be 
 considered as the introducer of press-made pens. 
 Skinner, of Shefiield, England, was apparently one 
 of the -first to cheapen steel pens, but his produc- 
 tions were soon surpassed when the screw-press 
 was introduced. 
 
 The Esterbrook steel pen factory, the first one of 
 its kind in America, was established in 1860 by 
 the present head of the company, Richard Ester- 
 brook, and his son, who came from England. The 
 business was started on the site now occupied, in 
 a small building, with ten employees, and ten vari- 
 eties of pens were made. Since that time extensive 
 improvements and additions have been made. The 
 main building is a large four-story structure, con- 
 taining conveniently-arranged apartments, and 
 supplied with the best improved engines, machin- 
 ery and other appliances needed. There are now 
 about fifty men and two hundred and fifty women 
 regularly employed, and four hundred styles of 
 steel pens are made. Many kinds and styles of 
 pens are here manufactured for other firms, whose 
 names are placed on the pens and thus sold to the 
 trade, but the Esterbrook pens are known to nearly 
 every school-boy, school-girl and accountant in 
 the land. They have been largely sold in Canada, 
 England, Germany, Cuba and South America. 
 There is probably no other establishment operated 
 with better system than this one. Some of the 
 employees have been continuously engaged for a 
 period of twenty or more years, and are therefore 
 skilled workmen. When new employees enter a 
 pertain department they are continued there, and 
 
 thus by long experience become experts in that 
 department. They are paid in accordance with 
 the amount of work performed. 
 
 The manufacture begins with the steel, shipped 
 from Shefiield, England, which, after going through 
 various transformations and interesting processes, 
 eventually comes out the delicately-formed and 
 serviceable steel pen, now the necessary property 
 of every intelligent individual. 
 
 Few persons without careful observation of the 
 minute details of steel pen making will compre- 
 hend how much care and delicate workmanship is 
 required in the manufacture of the finished article. 
 The business of this establishment was conducted 
 by Esterbrook & Son for a few years, when an 
 incorporated company was formed. The present 
 ofiicers of the company, under whose management 
 it is now successfully conducted, are : President, 
 Richard Esterbrook ; Treasurer, Alexander Wood; 
 and Secretary, Francis Wood. 
 
 LuMBEK Interests of Camden. 
 
 Early in the history of Camden, the large flats 
 on the river-shore, from Market St. to Coopers 
 Point, and also down to Kaighns Point, during 
 the rafting season, was covered with lumber of 
 such kinds and qualities as were calculated to 
 meet the demands of the trade. The shore-line 
 of Philadelphia being such as to prevent the stor- 
 ing of lumber there, of necessity more eligible lo- 
 cations were sought, which eventuated in the Cam- 
 den side being early selected, not only to supply 
 the local trade, but for the general and wholesale 
 trade and for ship-building purposes. The busi- 
 ness has been the most extensively carried on 
 in Camden since 1850, since which time thousands 
 of rafts along the river have been brought here 
 from the lumber districts in Central and Northern 
 Pennsylvania, and from the head-waters of the 
 Delaware, in Northern Pennsylvania and Southern 
 New York. The great distributing point for the 
 Pennsylvania white-pine lumber for more than 
 half a century, and, to a considerable extent yet, 
 is at Port Deposit, Md., the head of tide-water, 
 near the mouth of the Susquehanna. To this point, 
 from up the river, thousands of rafts were, and still 
 are, floated annually. The Camden lumber deal- 
 ers went there during the rafting season in the 
 spring of the year, purchased large rafts, separated 
 them in parts, and, either by floating them on the 
 water, or by loading them on schooners, brought 
 them through the Delaware and Chesapeake Canal 
 and up the Delaware to Camden. Sometimes rafts 
 were bought by Camden dealers at Marietta, on 
 the Susquehanna, in Pennsylvania, which for, more 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 511 
 
 than half a century was a great market for the pine 
 and oak timber brought there from the head-wa- 
 ters of the Susquehanna. 
 
 Much of the lumber of the present day is shipped 
 here by rail, in the form of boards and manufac- 
 tured lumber in various shapes, from the great lum- 
 ber centres of the West, and Central Pennsylvania. 
 
 Among the first lumber dealers in Camden was 
 Charles Ellis, who, in 1820 and later, was engaged 
 in the business, and also kept store on the south- 
 west corner of Second Street and Market^ and 
 Richardson Andrews, about the same time, had a 
 lumber-yard on the corner of Third and Cooper ; 
 Andrews had a lumber-yard on Market above 
 Fourth, where he made shingles. The shav- 
 ings were put upon the street and it was known as 
 " Shingle-Shaving Hill." This was the term ap- 
 plied to the locality on the east side of Fourth 
 Street north and south of Market. There was a 
 large pond extending north from the Baptist 
 Church, and into this Richardson Andrews and 
 Isaac Wilkins dumped their shingle-shavings, until 
 the mound served the boys of 1815-20 for coasting 
 purposes in the winter season. Andrews was the 
 father of Samuel and Edward P. Andrews. He 
 lived at the southeast corner of Third Street and 
 Cooper, and his lumber-yard and shingle-shop was 
 to the east. Isaac Wilkins' lumber and shingle- 
 yard was at Front and Market, extending as far 
 east as the State Bank, 
 
 Gideon Stivers, a bridge-builder and carpenter, 
 was a resident of Camden from about 1816, and 
 later he had a shop on the corner of Fourth and 
 Market, on the site of Odd-Fellows Hall. Stivers 
 was a builder of considerable note and erected 
 Coopers Creek Bridge, the bridge at the Falls of 
 Schuylkill and St. Paul's Episcopal Church, Cam- 
 den. He continued in business in Camden until 
 after 1840. In the year 1827 James Bromall, as- 
 sisted by Joseph Edwards, proprietor of the distil- 
 lery on Front Street, erected a saw-mill on William 
 Carman's land, between Coopers Point Ferry and 
 Cooper Street Ferry. This soon after was owned 
 and operated by William Carman, and was con- 
 tinued until July 8, 1835, when it was destroyed 
 by fire, with large piles of lumber adjacent. Fire 
 companies from Philadelphia and Camden were 
 at the place and assisted in extingishing the flames, 
 until the Philadelphia companies were. summoned 
 to return by the old State House bell announcing 
 a fire in that city. Mr. Carman at once began the 
 construction of a larger mill upon the premises, and 
 in November following a main building, forty-four 
 by -eighty feet, and a fire-proof engine-house, 
 twenty by thirty-six feet, were erected and fitted 
 
 with a twenty horse-power engine, two large saws 
 and a circular saw. He also erected a range of 
 buildings for employees. In addition to the manu- 
 facturing of lumber, Lehigh and Schuylkill coal 
 was kept for sale. This mill was again destroyed 
 on the night of June 7, 1845, and another saw-mill 
 belonging to him, on the 5th of November the 
 same year. They were both rebuilt and the busi- 
 ness was conducted many years. The mills on the 
 site are now owned by George Barrett & Co. In 
 1840 and before, Carpenter & Flannigan owned a 
 saw-mill and lumber-yard, and a flouring-mill 
 along the Delaware River, north of Penn Street. 
 They did a good business, supplying, many large 
 contracts, and prospered in their occupatioa. In 
 1854, or thereabouts, McKeen & Bingham succeeded 
 them in the ownership of this yard and ran the 
 saw-mill, but after continuing for a few years with 
 success, the entire interest was destroyed by fire. 
 As they did not own the land upon which the 
 yard and mills were situated, the business, after 
 the fire, was discontinued at this point. Ackley 
 ■& Wharton, and afterwards Abraham Ackley alone, 
 for many years owned a lumber-yard which was 
 situated on Front Street, below Market. In order 
 tobetter his location he secured a more eligible spot 
 and moved his yard down to the corner of Second 
 Street and Stevens, where Joseph Cooper became 
 associated with him in the business, under the firm- 
 name of Ackley & Cooper. In 1820 Isaac Smith 
 was one of the first lumber dealers in Camden, and 
 also owned a large grocery store. He was suc- 
 ceeded by John Browning, who was the owner 
 of a lumber-yard above Market Street, and also 
 sold lime. 
 
 William Carman, who started in the lumber 
 business at the foot of Linden Street, and on 
 Pearl Street, erected a steam saw-mill, as above 
 mentioned, and enjoyed a large trade, the man- 
 agement of which was under the control of George 
 Stockham, the eldest brother of Charles Stockham, 
 the well-known lumber merchant, whose yard and 
 mill are at the foot of Vine Street. In 1852 Wil- 
 liam S. Doughten and Henry B. Wilson, under the 
 firm-name of Doughten & Wilson, engaged in the 
 lumber business at Kaighns Point ^nd were the 
 pioneers in the business in the lower part of the 
 city. Their yard was situated on Front Street, be- 
 tween Kaighn Avenue and Chestnut Streets They 
 did a general lumber business together until 1859. 
 Mr. Wilson then opened a lumber-yard in Glouces- 
 ter. He is now the well-known coal dealer, with 
 his yard at Kaighn Avenue. Mr. Doughten built 
 a planing-mill and afterwards became a partner 
 with Charles B. Coles in the same business. Nor- 
 
512 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 cross & Streets started a lumber-yard at Ferry 
 Avenue and Mechanic Street in 1852, but soon 
 thereafter moved to Philadelphia. 
 
 The steam sawmill, planing-mill and lum- 
 ber-yard at the foot of Vine Street, now owned and 
 operated by Mr. Charles Stockham, were originated 
 by Dock, Ott &De Haven in the year 1852. They 
 previously had operated the Carman mill. Messrs. 
 Dock, Ott & De Haven continued in the business 
 but a short time, when Mr. De Haven purchased 
 the entire interest and the ground upon which the 
 mills and yard were situated, and in 1859 dis- 
 posed of them to Charles Stockham and his broth- 
 er, John Stockham. The firm of J. & C. Stock- 
 ham continued to exist from April, 1856, to April, 
 1882, a period of twenty-six years, during which 
 time they met with continued prosperity. John 
 Stockham, in 1882, retired from business and moved 
 to a delightful home in Harford County, Md., 
 where he now owns four large farms, twenty- 
 three hundred acres, and there lives in retire- 
 ment. Charles Stockham has been the sole pro- 
 prietor in the business and is also the owner of 
 several farms in Maryland. When the Stockhams 
 purchased the mills and lumber-yard ; from Mr. 
 De Haven they made the necessary improvements 
 for the manufacture of heavy lumber for ship- 
 builders, for joists and for derricks, using for this 
 purpose heavy white pine and oak timber, which 
 was obtained from the forests of Pennsylvania 
 and from the South. 
 
 They did a very extensive and prosperous busi- 
 ness before, during and since the war, selling large 
 orders of white-oak lumber to the various ship- 
 builders in the large cities along the coast of New 
 Jersey, Maine and Massachusetts. Their trade in 
 oak lumber for a time was with the Eastern States, 
 especially the State of Maine. They purchased an 
 interest in vessels, upon which entire cargoes of 
 lumber were sent to the New England coast and 
 elsewhere. The pine lumber which Mr. Stock- 
 ham manufactures is largely obtained in rafts from 
 the lumber region of the Susquehanna Biver, in 
 Pennsylvania. His lumber-yards and the mills 
 cover an area of several acres, on which an average 
 of three million five hundred thousand feet of lum- 
 ber of all kinds and varieties have been kept in 
 store. A very substantial saw-mill was erected, 
 which is now supplied with a planer, three sets of 
 lathes, vertical and circular saws, which are driven 
 by an engine of eighty horse-power. In the steam 
 planing-mill and saw-mill some of the sawed lum- 
 ber is prepared for the use of contractors and for 
 builders' supplies. 
 
 Mr. Charles Stockham, the enterprising pro- 
 
 prietor of the industry above described, and 
 who has filled an important position in the 
 lumber and other business interests of Camden, 
 is of English descent. His grandfather, George 
 Stockham, was born in Bristol, England. In 
 the year 1766 he came to America, landed at 
 Philadelphia and soon thereafter settled at a place 
 now known as Schenck's, on Penn's Manor, near 
 Bristol, in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, going back 
 to England the next year, where he was married to 
 Elizabeth Biss, of his native town. In 1767 he re- 
 turned, with his wife, to Bucks County, where he 
 first located, and there followed the occupation of 
 a farmer until his death, at the advanced age of 
 eighty-four years. By this marriage were born 
 three sons, — Thomas, George and John. The 
 youngest son, John Stockham, was born near Bris- 
 tol, Pa., and in 1824 moved to Harford County, 
 Md., where he afterwards biscame a successful 
 farmer, owning and cultivating a large farm until 
 the time of this death, at the age of seventy-three 
 years. He was married to Alice Smith, of Bristol, 
 Bucks County, Pa. Their four sons were George, 
 a successful lumber merchant of Philadelphia; 
 Thomas, a farmer of Maryland ; John, mentioned 
 above as engaged in the lumber business in Cam- 
 den; and Charles. Charles Stockham was born 
 near Bristol, Pa., in 1820. When he was but four 
 years old his father moved to Harford County, Md., 
 where he attended the schools in the vicinity of 
 his home and worked on his father's farm until the 
 age of eighteen years, and in 1838 he came to Cam- 
 den to live with his brother George, then engaged 
 in the lumber business. He attended a Friends' 
 school in Philadelphia, and soon afterward became 
 a salesman of his brother George, then in the lum- 
 ber business at Beach and Norris Streets, Phila- 
 delphia, until 1856, when he engaged in the 
 lumber business with his brother John, as above 
 described, and in which business he has met 
 with uninterrupted success. For many years he 
 has been a stockholder and a director in the 
 First National Bank of Camden. Mr. Stockham 
 is a man of plain, unassuming manners, care- 
 ful and judicious in all his business relations, 
 a good judge of values, and, through his native 
 energy and individual attention to the interests of 
 his business, has had a prosperous and successful 
 career in life. Originally a staunch Whig in the 
 days of that party, he has since been an ardent 
 advocate of the principles of the Republican party, 
 though he never asked or desired positions of 
 political preferment. Mr. Stockham was married, 
 in 1858, to Mary Humes Tomb, a descendant of a 
 prominent English family, of which the late Gen- 
 
^^a 
 
 ^^ 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 513 
 
 eral Robert Toombs, of Georgia, and Hon. Jacob 
 Tome, of Maryland, with a slight change in the 
 spelling, are representatives. Her lather, George 
 Tomb, who married Jane Humes, of Milton, Pa., was 
 a native of Lycoming County, Pa. He was largely 
 engaged in the general merchandising, farming and 
 lumber business of that section, and was a director 
 and stockholder in the Williamsport Bank, but 
 spent most of his time as a practical civil engineer 
 and general contractor of 'large enterprises. He su- 
 perintended the construction of the dam and bridge 
 across the Susquehanna Biver, at Columbia, Pa., 
 where'the Tide- Water Canal crosses that stream. 
 He also entered into a contract and made the Kana- 
 wha River, in West Virginia, navigable for steam- 
 boats. Mr. Tomb died at the age of seventy-seven 
 years, his widow still surviving him. The children 
 of Mr. and Mrs. Charles Stockham are Laura (mar- 
 ried to Richard Pancoast, of Camden, with whom 
 she has two sons, Charles and Richard) ; George T. 
 engaged in the commission business in Philadelphia; 
 Edward, who, in 1885, entered the United States 
 Military Academy, at West Point, where he has 
 gained prominence for proficiency in his studies ; 
 and Mary H. Stockham, the youngest daughter, 
 who is at home. 
 
 Scudder's Steam Planing - Mill, at Front 
 Street and Arch, has been in constant operation 
 since 1866, and was established by John B. Thomp- 
 son for the manufacture of doors, sash, blinds, 
 shutters, mouldings, scroll work and other kinds 
 of builders' material. In 1868 W. C. Scudder and 
 Robert C. Cook bought the mill and operated it, 
 trading as Scudder & Cook. In 1871 they built 
 a large addition to the mill, and made improve- 
 ments which greatly increased the capacity. In 
 May, 1874, W. C. Scudder bought the interest of 
 Robert C. Cook, and continued the business alone 
 until 1883, when his son, Reuben G. Scudder was 
 admitted as a partner. An eighty horse-power 
 engine is used ; sixty hands are employed ; a large 
 lumber-yard covering three acres is also owned by 
 this firm. A prosperous business is done. 
 
 George Barrett & Co. own and carry on one 
 of the largest saw-mills in Camden, which has been 
 in operation for more than fifty years. It was run 
 by different owners until 1878, when George Bar- 
 rett and Aaron W. Patchin, trading under the 
 firm-name of George Barrett & Co., bought the entire 
 plant. There are seven buildings on the grounds, 
 which include sixteen acres, between Pearl Street 
 and Penn, and extend one thousand four hundred 
 and forty-seven feet westwardly to the riparian 
 line of the river. These buildings include the mill 
 proper, three dwelling-houses, office, stables and 
 
 sheda. The saw-mill is one hundred and twenty- 
 five by one hundred and forty-nine feet, is 
 arranged with three sets of gang-saws, four circular- 
 saws, one lath-saw and two large planing-machines, 
 and has been specially designed for the sawing of 
 ship, wharf and bridge timbers, large girders, derrick 
 frames, and is the only mill in Camden cutting 
 curved timber for street railways. About twenty- 
 five hands are employed. An extensive business 
 is done. This firm recently constructed a wharf 
 eight hundred feet long by ninety feet in width, . 
 from high-water line into the river, which gives 
 improved facilities for shipping the products of the 
 mills. 
 
 Henry Fredericks, for many years one of the 
 most enterprising, successful and favorably-known 
 business men of the city of Camden, was born at 
 Hackensack, Bergen County, New Jersey, July 25, 
 1825, and obtained his education in the schools of 
 his native town. When about sixteen years of age 
 he left his home and entered a wholesale and retail 
 grocery store in Hoboken, and there, by his faith- 
 fulness to duty, won the approbation of his em- 
 ployer and laid for himself the foundation for a 
 career of prosperity and usefulness. He remained 
 in the Hoboken store, and also acted as assistant 
 postmaster, for a term of four years, and, at the 
 expiration of that time, moved to Camden, in 
 which city he has since resided. Here he first en- 
 gaged as superintendent and general manager of 
 the business of James Elwell, who was then post- 
 master of the city and proprietor of the Railroad 
 Hotel. In the mean time Mr. Fredericks sold the 
 tickets for the Camden and Philadelphia Ferry 
 Company. In this new field of labor he was com- 
 paratively a stranger, but his gentlemanly deport- 
 ment, accommodating manners and aptitude to 
 the position soon won him many firm friends. 
 Seven years of service under this employer gave 
 him an intelligent knowledge of business, and fitted 
 him for still more onerous duties. He was next 
 chosen, in 1852, superintending clerk in the office 
 of the ferry company, for which he had sold tick- 
 ets in connection with his other business, and re- 
 mained in that position for a period of six years. 
 Upon the death of Mr. John J. Benson, the super- 
 intendent of the ferry, he was elected to that posi- 
 tion and most acceptably filled it for a term of one 
 vear, when he declined re-election, but subsequently 
 served as an employee of the ferry company for a 
 considerable time and then resigned. Determining 
 to establish himself in business, he opened a hard- 
 ware store at Fourth and Federal Streets. By un- 
 daunted energy and rare executive ability he 
 gradually increased his trade, and was thus neces- 
 
514 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEKSEY. 
 
 sitated to make additions and^mprovements to his 
 store in order to meet the demands. After remain- 
 ing at that place for several years, and having 
 built up a large and profitable business with the 
 builders and dealers in the surrounding country 
 as well as the city, John 8. Reaa erected for him 
 a large and commodious store building at Third 
 and Federal Streets, into which he removed and 
 connected with the hardware trade the sale of 
 window-sash, blinds and doors. As his business 
 continued to grow and prosper, he erected for him- 
 self a building in which to conduct his store, on 
 Federal Street, below Second, and moved into it 
 in 1864, He has there regularly continued to en- 
 joy a large trade for nearly a quarter of a century. 
 In May, 1884, he built a store of brick, twenty by 
 ninety feet, and three stories high, for the recep- 
 tion of sash, doors, blinds, etc.. his other building 
 not being large enough to meet the increased de- 
 mands of his business. 
 
 Sheriff Fredericks, the name by which he is beat 
 known, was obtained through his election to the 
 office of sheriff of Camden County by the Democ- 
 racy, to whose principles and party he has always 
 been a devoted adherent. He first served in official 
 position in 1856, as tax collector for the Middle 
 Ward of Camden, and the next year and in 1860 
 was the Democratic nominee for the office of coun- 
 ty clerk and received more than the party vote. 
 His election to the office of sheriff, in 1870, by a 
 majority of over two hundred, in a county which 
 for the head of the ticket at the same time gave a 
 large Eepublioan majority, was a signal triumph 
 for him, no other Democratic candidate having been 
 elected for a period of twenty-three years previous- 
 ly. He administered the duties of the office of 
 sheriflf greatly to the satisfaction of his constitu- 
 ents. It was during his term, and by his special 
 act, that the noted criminal, John Ware, was 
 brought to justice and hanged for the murder of 
 his father, it being the first execution in Camden 
 County. 
 
 Since the year 1876 Mr. Fredericks has served 
 as a director in the First National Bank of Cam- 
 den. In 1884 he was appointed by Governor Leon 
 Abbett, for a term of four years, a member of the 
 Council of State Charities and Correction. This 
 body is composed of seven members, of which the 
 Governor is president. Mr. Fredericks was first 
 married to Judith Ann Horner, daughter of John 
 and Elizabeth Horner, and to this union were 
 born four children, — Lizzie (deceased), William 
 H., Henry F. and Lewis C. (deceased). By his 
 second marriage he has had three children, — Elias 
 M., Howard P. (deceased) and Josiah Wallace. 
 
 William H. Fredericks, the eldest son by the 
 first marriage, was born in 1854, and was educated 
 in the public schools of Camden, Pennington 
 Seminary and William Fewsmith's Select School, 
 in Philadelphia. In 1872 he entered his father's 
 store as assistant book-keeper. During the past 
 eight years he has had the superintending charge 
 of the extensive business interests of his father, 
 and in this position has shown rare executive and 
 administrative abilities. He was married, in De- 
 cember, 1884, to Clara R. Rotan, of Philadelphia, 
 Pa. They have one child, Edna R. Henry Fra- 
 zee, the second son, is a clerk in the wood depart- 
 ment of the store; Elias Morgan, the third son, is 
 a clerk in the hardware store; Josiah Wallace, 
 the youngest son, is a student at Chester Military 
 Academy. 
 
 Geokge a. Munger & Bbo. are manufacturers 
 and wholesale dealers in North Carolina pine 
 lumber. Their planing-mill in Camden is on 
 North Delaware Avenue. George A. and Chauncey 
 W. Munger, the members of this firm, began, in 
 1883, the business of planing and preparing North 
 Carolina pine lumber for the market. They ship 
 their lumber direct from their own mills in that 
 State, one of the brothers being constantly engaged 
 in manufacturing and shipping the same to their 
 yards in Camden and large wharves on the river. 
 The planing-mill is thoroughly equipped with 
 five new machines for the preparation of their 
 lumber for the trade, and the planers are of their 
 own design, and patented. The machinery is 
 driven by a forty horse-power engine. Twenty 
 hands are constantly employed. The firm do a 
 large wholesale business principally with the 
 Pennsylvania and New Jersey trade. 
 
 The Builders' Mill, on Cherry Street, owned 
 by William H. Wilkins & Co., has a front of sixty 
 feet, and a depth of eighty-eight feet, and was 
 built in 1882 by James F. Davis, for the produc- 
 tion of finished material used in his business as 
 contractor and builder, and who still occupies a 
 portion of the building. In March, 1886, he leased 
 the mill to the present proprietors, William H. 
 and E. A. Wilkins, who are at present engaged in 
 the manufacture of builders' mill work, such as 
 sash, doors, blinds, etc. Various improved and 
 patented machines for the production of window- 
 frames and inside blinds are driven by an engine 
 of thirty-five horse-power, with forty horse-power 
 boilers. The company is preparing to build on their 
 ground, opposite the mill, a large warehouse for 
 the storing of builders' material to supply the trade. 
 
 Tub Planino-Mill, on Second Street, below 
 Roydon, was built in 1882 by Wilson Ernst, a 
 
miM 
 
 licUixd 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 515 
 
 prominent builder of Camden, for the manufacture 
 of door and window-frames, sash, blinds and build- 
 ers' material, used in his business. For several 
 years prior to the building of this mill he had con- 
 ducted a similar one on Seventh Street, above 
 Eoydon. The mill he now owns is fitted up with 
 planers, moulders, and mortising machinery for 
 rapid production of finished work, and which is 
 run by a steam-engine of fifteen horse-power. 
 Twenty-five hands are employed, and the products 
 are used in the buildings which the proprietor has 
 in course of construction in Camden. 
 
 C. B. Coles' Planing-Mill, corner of Front 
 and Liberty Streets, is owned by Charles B. Coles, 
 who, in 1864, in connection with William S. 
 Doughten, started the business on Front Street, 
 corner of Chestnut, the firm-name being Doughten 
 & Coles. They continued in partnership until 
 1870, when they dissolved, and Charles B. Coles 
 built his own mill at the present location. The 
 mill is two stories in height and one hundred feet 
 square and is equipped with all improved machin- 
 ery for dressing timber, scroll and other kinds of 
 sawing, and for the manufacture of doors, sash, 
 blinds and builders' materials of various kinds. 
 A large space is set apart as a box manufactory, 
 where boxes of all kinds, from the smallest size tea- 
 box to the largest size packing-boxes, are made to 
 order. Soon after the erection of the mill his 
 business had so greatly increased that he found it 
 necessary to purchase ground along the entire 
 river-front in the rear of his mill for the storing 
 of lumber. The manufactured products were also 
 in great demand and to keep up a lot of seasoned 
 goods in this line, he had erected a three-story 
 brick ofiice and a large store-house at No. 14 
 Kaighn Avenue, where the goods were stored and 
 primed. The local trade is large, and contractors 
 from Cape May, Atlantic City, Delaware and 
 Maryland are supplied from this mill. Since the 
 improvements made by the Reading Railroad 
 Company he has his timber shipped direct from the 
 West, while his facilities for shipping are unsur- 
 passed. From seventy-five to one hundred hands 
 are employed. This industry is one of the most 
 important in South Camden and the business is of 
 very large proportions. 
 
 Chakles B. Coles, who is prominently identi- 
 fied with the business interests of the City and 
 county of Camden, is a lineal descendant of Sam- 
 uel and Elizabeth Coles, who emigrated from 
 Coles Hill, Hertfordshire, England, and landed on 
 the Jersey shore of the Delaware River a few 
 •miles above the site of Philadelphia, before that 
 city was founded. Samuel Coles was a hatter in 
 
 his native country, and doubtless plied his trade 
 among the few settlers here in the primitive forests 
 of New Jersey when he first arrived. He built a 
 house near the spot where he landed, but soon 
 afterward moved farther eastward, and on the 13th 
 day of the Third Month, 1682, obtained a right of 
 survey for five hundred acres of land on the north 
 side of the mouth of Coopers Creek and fronting 
 on the river. His nearest neighbor, William 
 Cooper, about the same time settled on the oppo- 
 site side of the creek, in the midst of an Indian 
 village of Shackomaxin. Samuel Coles sold part 
 of his land to Henry Wood and purchased five 
 hundred acres on the south side of Pemisaukin 
 Creek and removed there in ahouse already erected- 
 He gave the name of this place New Orchard, 
 which was situated near the head of the south 
 branch of that stream, but has now lost its identity. 
 He subsequently owned more than one thousand 
 acres of land, then mostly an unbroken forest, but 
 now many valuable farms, some of which are 
 owned by direct and collateral branches of the 
 family which he founded in America. Samuel 
 Coles was a member of the Legislature in the years 
 1683 and 1685 and had much to do with the polit- 
 ical trouble of the province of New Jersey, among 
 which was the settlement in ]685 of the first 
 boundary line between the counties of Burlington 
 and Gloucester. About 1790 he went on a visit to 
 England and on his way back to New Jersey the 
 vessel on which he was sailing stopped at the 
 Island of Barbadoes, where he was taken sick of a 
 fever and died. 
 
 Samuel Coles and his wife, Elizabeth, had two 
 children — Samuel (who married Mary, a daughter 
 of Thomas Kendall) and Sarah (who married 
 James Wild). Samuel and Mary Coles' children 
 were Samuel (who married Mary Lippincott), 
 Joseph (married Mary Wood), Thomas (married 
 Hannah Stokes), Kendall (married Ann Budd), 
 Elizabeth (married Jacob Buckman and Benjamin 
 Cooper), Mary (married Edward Tonkins), Susan- 
 nah (married William Budd), and Rachel (married 
 Enoch Roberts). 
 
 James and Sarah Wild had two children— James 
 and Sarah. Within the bounds of the land that 
 Samuel Coles owned at the time of his death is 
 situated the historic St. Mary's Episcopal Church, 
 better known as the old Colestown Church, in 
 Delaware township. Elizabeth Coles, his widow, 
 afterward married Griffith Morgan, a mariner, of 
 Philadelphia, December 10, 1693, whose only son, 
 Alexander, married Hannah, the daughter of 
 Joseph and Lydia Cooper and granddaughter of 
 William Cooper, the first settler. 
 
516 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Kendall Coles, who married Ann Budd, was the 
 second son of Samuel and Mary Coles and grand- 
 son of the emigrants, Samuel and Elizabeth Coles, 
 and the great-grandfather of Chas. B. Coles, who is 
 thegreat-great-great-grandsoa of Samuel Coles, the 
 emigrant. Joseph Coles, the grandfather of 
 Charles B. Coles, was married to Sarah Healings. 
 Their son Charles was born July 7, 1807, and died 
 February 25, 1837 ; married Rachel Burrough, 
 daughter of Joseph and Martha (Davis) Burrough, 
 and had two children, — Joseph, who died in child- 
 hood, and Charles B. Coles, who was born on 
 August 7, 1836, at the homestead now owned by 
 himself, and known as the Coles Mill Farm, in 
 Chester township, Burlington County, near the 
 Camden line, to which place his father moved 
 upon his marriage with Rachel Burrough, whose 
 ancestors for six generations had owned the same 
 property. His mother died in the Eleventh Month 
 29, 1869, aged sixty-five years. 
 
 Charles B. Coles' father died when he was less 
 than a year and a half old. When eight years of 
 age he went to reside with an uncle on a farm, and 
 in early life followed the occupation of farming. 
 In 1864 he engaged in the active business of life and 
 has since followed it with unabated prosperity. 
 He has filled various positions of responsibility 
 and trust and has always shown a great interest 
 in the moral and material welfare of the commun- 
 ity with which he has been identified and has been 
 keenly alive to the greater questions of public 
 polity. Reared an Abolitionist, he became one of 
 the warmest supporters of the Republican party 
 when it came into being and was one of its foremost 
 local organizers. As a Republican he was elected 
 to the Camden City Council in 1864, and was by 
 far the youngest member of that body, being but 
 twenty-eight years of age. The temperance cause 
 had ever in. him a devoted advocate and of late 
 years he was frequently sent to the State Capital to 
 use his influence in securing temperance legisla- 
 tion from his party. Becoming at length con- 
 vinced of the fiftility of this method of procedure, 
 he, in 1884, openly espoused the cause of prohibi- 
 tion and became a member of that party, the suc- 
 cess of which he has since done all in his power to 
 advance. In thesummer of 1886 he was appointed 
 by Supreme Court Judge Joel Parker as the rep- 
 resentative of his party in the board of three com- 
 missioners, constituted under a recent law, to ad- 
 just the back taxes of the city of Camden. Mr. 
 Coles was one of the incorporators and is one of 
 the directors of the Camden National Bank and 
 also a director in the Colestown Cemetery Com- 
 pany. 
 
 Mr. Coles was married, on June 8, 1865, to Mary 
 M. Colson, daughter of Jonathan and Hannah 
 (Lippincott) Colson, of Gloucester City. They 
 have two chidren — William C. and Henry B. 
 
 Central Lumbek-Yard, situated at Second 
 Street and Cherry, was opened by Volney G. 
 Bennett, who, in 1876, bought the property and 
 erected the various buildings, sheds, office and 
 stables necessary in the business of a general 
 lumber dealer. The yard has a frontage of one 
 hundred and twenty-two feet on Second Street, 
 with a depth of one hundred and eighty feet to 
 Spring Street and one hundred and eighty by twenty 
 feet on Front Street. The drying-sheds covef an area 
 of one hundred and six by one hundred and twelve 
 feet, and cover a stock of seasoned lumber repre- 
 senting ten to fifteen thousand dollars in value. 
 Six hands are employed. The proprietor has ex- 
 cellent facilities for shipping direct from Western 
 mills and yards. 
 
 Volney G. Bennett, the owner of this lumber- 
 yard, is a descendant of Stephen Bennett, who 
 immigrated prior to the Revolution from Connec- 
 ticut, and settled near what is now Palmyra, Pike 
 County, Pa. His wife, Mary (Gates) Bennett, also 
 of New England parentage, witnessed the stirring 
 scenes incident to the Wyoming massacre, and 
 gave the alarm to the settlers of the approach 
 of the murderous Indians, on that historic occasion. 
 Stephen and Mary Bennett had eight children, 
 whose names were Frederick, Stephen, Francis, 
 Jared, Rufus, Lebbeus, Mary and Samantha. 
 
 Jared succeeded to the homestead and engaged 
 in farming and lumbering. He married Esther 
 Killam, by whom he had six children, viz. : Gib- 
 son, Jane, Isaac (who served in a New York regi- 
 ment during the late war), Frederick, Harvey and 
 Volney. After the death of his wife he was mar- 
 ried a second time, to Louisa Curtis. By this 
 marriage he had three children, — Stephen, Esther 
 and Fanny ; all of these children are living except 
 Frederick, and married but Stephen and Fanny, 
 settling in different parts of the country. Gibson 
 settled in St. Joseph County, Mich.; Isaac, Stephen 
 and Esther reside in Pike County ; Harvey is in 
 Camden ; and Fanny in Jamesville, Wis. 
 
 Volney G. Bennett was born April 9, 1837. He 
 remained with his father until he became of age, 
 when he removed to Camden, where he has since 
 resided. He entered the employ of McKeen & 
 Bingham, lumber merchants of Camden, and re- 
 mained with them until 1876, and upon June 1st 
 of that year began the lumber business on his own 
 account at the corner of Second Street and Cherry. 
 By persistent efforts he has become successful, and 
 

 ( I \1S 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 617 
 
 has increased, by close attention, his business 
 interests. 
 
 On July 27, 186-1, he was married to Emeline, 
 daughter of Captain Thomas and Angeline Davis, 
 of Port Elizabeth, N. J. By this marriage he has 
 five children, — Killam Edgar (who is associated 
 with his father in the lumber business), Emily, 
 Yolney, Alfred and Olive. 
 
 Mr. Bennett and his family are members of the 
 First Baptist Church of Camden. In politics he is 
 a Democrat. He is treasurer of the Franklin 
 Building Loan and City Loan Associations, and- is 
 esteemed by his fellow-citizens as a man of careful 
 business methods, excellent judgment and exem- 
 plary habits. 
 
 The Plaxixg-Mill on Liberty Street, under 
 the management of Thomas R. Arrison, was pur- 
 chased by him in 1SS2. In 1S80 he bought and 
 operated the Doughten Mill, at the corner of Front 
 Street and Chestnut, until 1SS2, at which time it 
 was entirely destroyed by fire. He then bought 
 the machinery and buildings of the present loca- 
 tion and made many improvements to suit the 
 production of builders' material. The mill is one 
 hundred by ninety feet, and is supplied by a 
 thirty-five horse-power engine and improved 
 machinery for making doors, sash, blinds, shutters, 
 mouldings, brackets, scroll and other sawing- 
 Thirty-six workmen are employed. The products 
 are shipped through ]S'ew Jersey, Pennsylvania 
 and adjacent States. 
 
 Staxtos & Branxixg, in 1872, began the 
 manufacture of lumber at the foot of Walnut 
 Street, on their grounds, which cover an area of 
 ten acre.--. The saw and planing-mill is a large 
 frame structure one hundred and thirty-two by 
 forty feet, with two wings, one hundred by twenty- 
 four feet each, and is fitted up with the first-class 
 machinery for sawing and planing lumber, and 
 since the introduction of Sterns' patent steam- 
 carriage, has a capacity for cutting fifty thousand 
 feet of lumber daily. Two engines, aggregating 
 one hundred horse-power, run the machi uery. The 
 annual sales amount to one hundred and thirty 
 thousand dollars, the trade extending, along the 
 Camden and Atlantic Railroad, to Atlantic City, to 
 Cape May, also in Pennsylvania and Delaware, and 
 over a long line of the river route. Fifty hands 
 are employed. In February, 1886, J. W. Branning 
 withdrew from the firm and the business was con- 
 ducted by Mr. Stanton until the time of his death. 
 
 Lewis N. Staxtox was born in Wayne County, 
 
 Pa., and is a son of WUliam G. Stanton, a native 
 
 of Orange County, X. Y., who, upon his removal 
 
 to Pennsylvania, early in life, married Martha J. 
 
 62 
 
 Holbert, of Pike County, Pa. By this union five 
 children were born, — Lewis N., Benjamin D., 
 Mary E., Martha and Harriet. At the age of 
 fifteen Lewis N. began his successful business 
 career, locating at Narrowsburg, Sullivan County, 
 Jv^. Y., where he opened a grocery store. This he 
 managed successfully until the breaking out of the 
 Civil War, when he sold out in order to enlist in 
 the army, which he did in 1862, becoming a first 
 lieutenant of Company K, One Hundred and 
 Forty-third New York Volunteer Infantry, and 
 was promoted to the captaincy the same year for 
 gallant and meritorious services. He served with 
 his regiment in the Peninsular campaign under 
 General Keyes, and the subsequent campaigns of 
 the Potomac army up to Gettysburg, and was then 
 transferred to the 'West to the army of General 
 Hooker, and was present at the battles of Chatta- 
 nooga and Missionary Ridge. During his three 
 yeai's of military service he never had a leave of 
 absence from his command. 
 
 On July 3, 1861, he was married to Sarah A , 
 daughter of C. K. and Phoebe A. Gordon, daughter 
 of John and Sarah Monroe, of Monticello, Sulli- 
 van County, New York, by whom he had three 
 children, — May, the eldest, is married to C. J. 
 Baldwin, of Hopewell, Dutchess County, N. Y.; 
 Lulu, died when an infant; and William G, living 
 at home. 
 
 Immediately after the war Mr. Stanton embarked 
 in business, becoming largely interested in tracts 
 of timber-land in New York, Pennsylvania and 
 Xorth Carolina, and in 1S76 he formed a co-part- 
 nership with John W. Branning, of Camden, but 
 retained his place of residence at Monticello until 
 ten years later. His fellow-citizens of Sullivan 
 County, X. Y., honored him by electing him super- 
 visor for five and county clerk for three successive 
 terms. He was a director in the First National 
 Bank of Oneonta, and also in the Second National 
 Bank of Port Jervis, N. Y., and he was a promi- 
 nent member of the Masonic fraternity. 
 
 He died on June 2, 1886, and his remains were 
 interred in a new cemetery on his own land, near 
 the scenes of his early days at Narrowsburg. He 
 was a man of many excellent qualities, was suc- 
 cessfiul in his business life, a brave and patriotic 
 soldier and an exemplary citizen. 
 
 C. W. Patteksox & Co. are the proprietors of a 
 saw-mill and planing-mill on West Street, corner 
 of Washington. The large demand for finished 
 material to meet the wants of the many contractors 
 and builders in the rapidly-growing city of Cam- 
 den offered inducements to this firm, and they 
 founded their industry in 1883. The mill is amply 
 
518 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 provided with planers, circular and band-saws, 
 turning lathes, upright moulders, boring and 
 tenoning machinery, for the manufacture of build- 
 ers' materials in all its different branches. The 
 machinery is driven by an engine of fifteen horse- 
 power. Seven workmen are employed. The mill 
 is running to its full capacity, to meet the demands 
 of contractors and builders. 
 
 The Timber, Spae and Piling Basin of 
 David Baird is located on the Delaware River and 
 extends two hundred feet in front and one thou- 
 sand two hundred feet in depth at the foot of Pearl 
 Street. The enterprise was established in 1872 by 
 the present proprietor and designed especially for 
 the storage of large timber, spare, piling, Oregon 
 heavy timber and Eastern spruce lumber, as also 
 hackraetack knees, for general supply to ship and 
 boat-builders. The large Oregon pine timber, 
 some of which is one hundred and ten feet in 
 length by three feet in diameter at the butt and 
 two feet at top, is shipped direct by the proprietor 
 in large timber vessels from the Pacific Coast, 
 while the spruce for small spars, masts and flag- 
 staffs is shipped from Nova Scotia and from Clear- 
 field County, Pa. He also ships pine and oak 
 timber from Michigan and other States bordering 
 on the Great Lakes and also from Canada. He is 
 part owner of the large timber tract formerly owned 
 by Governor Bigler, in Clearfield County, Pa., has 
 large timber tracts in Western Virginia and in 
 Northwestern Pennsylvania, near Pittsburgh, and is 
 sole owner of a large tract in Lewis County, New 
 York State, where he operates a lumber camp and 
 saw-mill, employing over fifty hands. The products 
 of this mill are sold in New York. He is also en- 
 gaged in shipping hackmetack knees for vessels, 
 receiving them direct from Bangor, Me. 
 
 David Baird is of Scotch-Irish ancestry. His 
 grandfather, James Baird, a farmer, whose resi- 
 dence was in County Derry, Ireland, married Ann 
 Mac Jeukin, to whom were born children — An- 
 drew, William, James, Samuel and a daughter 
 Eliza. James Baird was born on the ancestral land 
 in County Derry, and during his active life was 
 engaged in the business of road contracting. He 
 married Ann, daughter of David Robinson, of the 
 same county, and their children were William, 
 Mary, David, James, Andrew, Ann Jane, Eliza 
 and Margaret. The death of Mr. Baird occurred 
 in 1858, and that of his wife the year previous. 
 Their son David, the subject of this biography, 
 was born on the 7th of April, 1839, in County 
 Derry, Ireland, and there spent his early years. 
 His brother William having previously emigrated 
 to America, he was soon afterward induced to join 
 
 him in Baltimore, Md. He speedily engaged in 
 labor on a farm, meanwhile improving his educa- 
 tion by study and acquiring habits of observation 
 and reflection which proved of great value in after- 
 life. In 1859 he entered the employ of Messra. 
 Gillingham & Garrison, lumbermen of Phila- 
 delphia, with whom he remained until 1872, his 
 duties being connected with the floating and raft- 
 ing of lumber on the Susquehanna River to their 
 mills in the city. He then embarked in the same 
 business, and has been since largely interested in 
 floating, rafting, buying and selling heavy timber 
 and spars for vessels, with offices in Camden. The 
 central field of operation for this increasing busi- 
 ness is with New York, Boston and Philadelphia. 
 To this lumber interest, which, from modest begin- 
 nings, has grown to large proportions, he gives his 
 personal attention. He has also made extensive 
 purchases of timber land in Pennsylvania, all of 
 which ventures have been exceptionally successful. 
 
 Mr. Baird was, on the 23d of January, 1868, mar- 
 ried to Miss Christianna, daughter of William and 
 Mary Beatty, of Philadelphia, their children being 
 William James (deceased), David, Jr. (deceased), 
 JIary Beatty, Irvin C. Beatty, Christianna J. and 
 David, Jr. Mr. Baird is a pronounced Republican, 
 and, although influential with his party, has de- 
 clined all oflices other than that of member of the 
 Board of Chosen Freeholders for four years from 
 the First Ward of Camden. He is vice-president 
 of the Economy Building and Loan Association 
 and director of the North Camden Building »nd 
 Loan Association. He is a member of the Ionic 
 Lodge No, 94, of F. and A. M. of Camden, and con- 
 nected with various beneficial associations and a 
 supporter of the Centenary Methodist Episcopal 
 Church, of which his wife and daughter Mary are 
 members. He has been a resident of Camden 
 since 1859. 
 
 The Lumber-Yard of Colson & Mulford oc- 
 cupies the ground on the Delaware River front 
 above Kaighn Avenue, and was started in 1850 by 
 William S. Doughten, afterwards carried on by 
 Doughten & Coles and later by Doughten, Son & 
 Co. In 1880 the present firm (the individual mem- 
 bers of which are Benjamin F. Colson and Albert 
 L. Mulford) purchased the entire business and have 
 since conducted it. The ground occupied is ninety 
 by one thousand feet. Since the purchase this 
 firm has constructed on the premises a saw and 
 planing-mill, which are operated by an engine of 
 twenty-five horse-power. The trade extends 
 throughout the adjoining States. 
 
 The Lumber-Yard of Shivers & MofTett is lo- 
 cated on the west side of Delaware Avenue, below 
 
\ 
 
 (Uriel dd CU^^ 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 519 
 
 Market Street. It was first started in January, 
 1885, by the present firm, the individual members 
 being William M. Shivers, who had been for a long 
 time with Mr. Morrison, the lumber dealer, above 
 Market Street, and Henry C. Moffett, late with C. 
 B. Coles. The yard has a frontage of four hun- 
 dred and fifty feet on Delaware Avenue and is 
 one thousand five hundred feet in depth to the 
 port warden's line. The stock consists of all kinds 
 of builders' lumber. The trade extends to Penn- 
 sylvania, through Southern New Jersey and to 
 points along the Delaware River. 
 
 S. H. Morrison's lumber-yard is located upon 
 the site of the saw and planing-mill which was 
 established by John F. Starr, in 1871, for making 
 doors, blinds, sash, etc., and builders' materials. 
 In 1873 the present proprietor leased the mill and 
 operated it until it was totally destroyed by fire, on 
 Sunday night, January 17, 1886, since which time 
 the site has been used for the storage of lumber, 
 while the builders' materials are shipped direct 
 from the mills in Buffalo. The yard has an area 
 of eighty feet front by seven hundred and fifty 
 feet in depth. The trade is quite large, principally 
 with Philadelphia. In the past year Mr. Morrison 
 has furnished the lumber and building material 
 for nine hundred houses in Philadelphia and two 
 hundred and sixty-two in Camden. 
 
 OIL-CLOTH MANUFACTURERS. 
 
 The manufacture of oil-cloths and carpets was 
 not engaged in by the early settlers in this country. 
 These articles were then considered as household 
 adornments imported from Europe, which only the 
 wealthy classes could enjoy, and were used in 
 small quantities previous to the Revolution. 'I'he 
 earliest mention of the manufaclure of carpets 
 in America was by William Calvery, at his fac- 
 tory in Philadelphia, and the date is supposed 
 to be 1774, wheu it was asserted that the carpets 
 were superior to those imported. By the year 1791 
 carpets were made quite extensively in Philadel- 
 phia; about that time people took great interest in 
 furnishing their houses with them. In order to 
 supply the demand, John Dorsey, a merchant of 
 Philadelphia, in 1807, at a factory on Chestnut 
 Street, between Eleventh and Twelfth, began to 
 make " floor oil-cloth and carpets." In his estab- 
 lishment were two looms for making a strong cloth 
 of a quality between sail-duck and Russia sheet- 
 ing. One of these looms could weave a piece seven 
 yards in width, and one man could turn out from 
 thirty-two to forty-five yards per day. The kind 
 of goods produced at this establishment " was sim- 
 ilar to Hare's patent imported oil-cloth." It was 
 
 made plain and in colors, and was sold at from 
 one dollar and a quarter to two dollars per yard. 
 In 1808 Isaac McCauly established a factory in 
 Philadelphia, on Market Street, near the Schuyl- 
 kill bridge, for the manufacture of " oil-cloths and 
 carpets in various colors." The next year he pur- 
 chased the Dorsey factory, on Chestnut Street, and 
 moved his establishment to the northeast corner of 
 Broad and Filbert Streets. In 1815 he moved to the 
 Hamilton mansion, on Bush Hill, and there, with 
 enlarged facilities, by the year 1820, " his success 
 in making oil-cloth was very great," and the same 
 year he "undertook the manufacture of carpets." 
 He spun his own yarn for carpets and oil-cloth. 
 Canvas then was used as the basis for oil-cloth, 
 some of which was made twenty-one feet wide. In 
 1825 the government issued him a patent for " an 
 improved method of making oil-cloth," and he 
 continued the business with success. Most of the 
 work in the process of making oil-cloth for many 
 years after this was done by hand. 
 
 In 1820 David Powers, at Landisburg, N. Y., 
 began to make oil-cloth with some change in the 
 process used by his predecessors in the business, 
 and nearly like that in use at the present day, only 
 that steam-power was not then brought into requi- 
 sition. While engaged at his business one day, he 
 was accidentally burned by a pot of varnish, which 
 caused his death, and his widow, Dinah Powers, 
 continued the business. 
 
 The firm of D. Powers & Sons, of that town, is 
 still known as manufacturers of oil-cloth on an 
 extensive scale. The American oil-cloth of the 
 present day is made in the States of Maine, New 
 York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania. The num- 
 ber of factories is not numerous, there being prob- 
 ably no more than fifty in the United States. Of 
 the four factories in the State of New Jersey, three 
 are situated in the city of Camden. 
 
 Prominent in this industry in Camden are the 
 Messrs. R. H. & B. C. Reeve, who own and operate 
 the Camden Floor Oil-Cloth Works, situated on 
 Pine Street, east of Haddon Avenue. These works 
 were originated by the present proprietors, at the 
 same location, in the year 1868. The individual 
 members of this firm, who have, by their own 
 efforts, established their industry in Camden, 
 and the largest oil-cloth factory in the State 
 of New Jersey, are Richard H. Reeve and 
 Benjamin C. Reeve. The former is the son 
 of William F. Reeve and the latter the son of 
 Emmor Reeve, two brothers, who, in connection 
 with an elder brother, Josiah M. Reeve, under the 
 firm-name of Reeve & Bros., were extensively en- 
 gaged in ship-building and owners of saw-mills and 
 
520 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 grist-mills at Alloway, Salem County, N. J., and 
 who built the large steamer " Columbus," which 
 plied the Atlantic Ocean between Philadelphia 
 and Charleston, the "Stephen Baldwin " and many 
 other vessels and large schooners. The Messrs. 
 Reeve, inheriting the enterprise and executive 
 ability of their fathers, were quite young men 
 when they moved from Alloway to Camden, in 1868, 
 to establish their manufactory. The evidence of 
 their success is shown from the substantial growth 
 and development of the business. They began on 
 a limited scale in two small buildings with twenty 
 workmen, and an annual product of about one 
 hundred thousand yards of manufactured oil-cloth, 
 all of one variety. They now possess one of the 
 three largest oil-cloth manufactories in the United 
 States, covering an area of four and a half acres, 
 own and occupy nine different buildings on this 
 tract, employ one hundred workmen and produce 
 annually about one million yards of manufactured 
 oil-cloth of five different kinds and varieties. The 
 seasoned and perfected oil-clofh is sold by travel- 
 ing salesmen, and shipped to every section of the 
 Union. 
 
 As the demand for the oil-cloth of the Cam- 
 den works increased, owing to the superiority 
 of its quality and the reliability of the firm, new 
 buildings were added in order to increase the ca- 
 pacity of manufacture. Originally most of the 
 work was done by hand, which was followed by 
 the introduction of improved machinery, boilers 
 and engines, and the application of steam as a 
 motor, and steam heat in the process of drying the 
 cloth and for heating the various buildings. In 
 order to get pure water, better adapted to the pur- 
 pose of manufacture, a few years ago an artesian 
 well was sunk a hundred feet in depth, which sup- 
 plies the large boilers where the steam is gener- 
 ated and conveyed to the various departments. 
 After the condensation of the steam it is returned 
 to the boiler and utilized again. 
 
 The process of manufacture as now applied in 
 the production of oil-cloths of various kinds, and 
 executed in hundreds of different designs, is quite 
 complicated, and requires about six weeks to com- 
 plete it from the raw material. The textile arti- 
 cle known as burlap, which forms the basis of the 
 cloth, is a foreign production, and is manufactured 
 in Dundee, Scotland, from the jute plant, which 
 is grown in such abundance in India. The Messrs. 
 Eeeve import their own burlap from Dundee in 
 large quantities and keep it in stock. The build- 
 ing erected in 1870, and designated by (he firm as 
 Number 1, is a three-story frame structure, thirty- 
 three by one hundred and fifteen feet, and is used 
 
 as the sizing department. On the second floor of 
 this building the crude burlap is passed over and 
 between moving cylinders, thus rendering it 
 smooth and capable of receiving the applications 
 of paint. The grinding and mixing of paints is 
 done in building Number 5, erected in 1874, ad- 
 joining which is a two-story brick structure with 
 basement, used for the mixing of paints and the 
 storage of material. Attached to building Number 
 5 is an apartment in which is placed an eighty- 
 horse-power boiler and a thirty horse-power en- 
 gine, for driving the machinery to grind the paints 
 and for the sizing, coating and rubbing of the ma- 
 terial. The coating department is in building 
 Number 1, which is thirty-three by one hundred 
 and thirteen feet, and was erected in 1870, and in 
 Number 2, one of the original buildings. The 
 first coats of paint are placed on the sized burlap 
 by means of machinery, and the cloth thus pre- 
 pared for printing, before which, however, in an 
 adjoining apartment, the coated cloth is again 
 rubbed smooth, in the preparation of it for 
 printing. 
 
 The most delicate part of the process in the man- 
 ufacture of oil-cloth is the printing of it in va- 
 rious colors, which at these works is artistically 
 performed by skilled workmen with blocks in the 
 form of squares. There are two buildings devoted 
 to this department. Number 6, a three-story brick 
 structure, sixty by one hundred and thirty feet, 
 was erected in 187fi. The third story of this 
 building is used for printing the cheap grades of 
 goods, and the first and second stories for printing 
 sheet-goods and' other better qualities. Building 
 Number 3 is forty by one hundred and twenty feet, 
 and also three stories high, built and arranged for 
 convenience in printing the different grades. Af- 
 ter the various tints are systematically applied and 
 this part of the work completed, the cloth is con- 
 veyed to drying-houses and hung in a vertical po- 
 sition. These buildings are then kept closed and 
 steam-heat is applied, requiring two weeks to com- 
 plete the drying effectively. In building Number 
 4, thirty-two by one hundred and ten feet, and built 
 in 1870, the lower grades of cloth are dried. In 
 building Number 7, which is built of bricK, sixty 
 by one hundred and twenty feet, and two stories 
 high, the better grades of oil-cloth are dried in 
 about two weeks. The capacity of the drying de- 
 partment is very large. 
 
 The last building needed by the Messrs. Reeve 
 for the accommodation of their increasing business 
 was erected in 1882-83. It is a substantial and 
 commodious two-story brick structure, with base- 
 ment, sixty by one hundred and thirty feet. It 
 
^■^^£flS 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 521 
 
 contains a conveniently arranged business office 
 on the first floor. In an adjoining apartment the 
 varnishing and finishing of the cloth is done after 
 being thoroughly dried. It is then placed in the 
 storage room to await the time of shipment to the 
 trade and to the Philadelphia office and salesroom 
 at 917 Filbert Street. The extent of these works 
 is shown by the steadily increasing amount of 
 business done, the growth of which is to be fairly 
 attributed to personal attention to details and the 
 adoption of more perfect processes and the reduc- 
 tion in the cost of production brought about by 
 the use of labor-saving machinery. 
 
 The Eeeve family has been one of the influential 
 families of Southern New Jersey for nearly two hun- 
 dred years ; their ancestor, Mark Keeve, came to 
 America from England with " Fenwick's Colony." 
 He is said to have been possessed of rare mental 
 endowments, and became the owner of large tracts 
 of land in Cumberland County, N. J. He was a 
 member of the Assembly which met in Burlington 
 in 1683-85, was a prominent member of the Society 
 of Friends, and died in 1694. His descendants were 
 among the leading citizens of Southern New Jersey. 
 Wm. Reeve, the grandfather of Eichard H., Benja- 
 min G. and Augustus Reeve, was born 11th 
 of 12th Month, 1766, and married Letitia, daughter 
 of Josiah and Letitia Miller, of Mannington, N. J., 
 and had nine children, five of whom were sons, 
 viz., Josiah Miller, William F., Mark M., Richard 
 M. and Emmor Eeeve. Josiah M. Eeeve, with his 
 two younger brothers, William F. and Emmor, 
 carried on ship-buildiag successfully for a number 
 of years at'Alloway, N. J. These three brothers, 
 each, at diflFerent times, represented their county 
 (Salem) in the upper house of the State legislature. 
 They also contributed largely to the growth and 
 prosperity of the town of their adoption by erecting 
 large and substantial buildings. 
 
 EiCHAED H. Eeeve, the senior partner of the 
 firm, was born at AUoway, Salem County, N. J., 
 October 5, 1840, and is a son of William F. and 
 Mary W. (Cooper) Reeve, his mother being a 
 daughter of William Cooper, who for more than 
 half a century was one of the best known and 
 most influential citizens of Camden. Mr. Eeeve 
 obtained his education in the schools of his native 
 place and at the well-known Westtown Boarding- 
 School, in Chester County, Pa. He afterwards 
 took a commercial course at Crittenden's Business 
 College in Philadelphia, at a time when that insti- 
 tution had attained its greatest popularity and 
 success. In 1862 he engaged in the lumber trade 
 at Alloway and continued in that business there 
 until his removal to Camden, in 1868, to become 
 
 associated with his present partner in the manu - 
 facturing establishment which has been described. 
 He and his partner are lineal descendants of a 
 family which for many generations past have 
 been connected by faith and membership with the 
 Society of Friends, both being members of New- 
 ton Meeting. 
 
 Mr. Eeeve was married, June 3, 1863, to Sallie W. 
 Carpenter, daughter of Samuel P. and Hannah A. 
 Carpenter, her father being a lineal descendant of 
 Samuel Carpenter, once the owner of the site upon 
 which the central part of Camden is built, a con- 
 temporary of William Penn and next to him the 
 most influential of early settlers in Pennsylvania. 
 The children of this marriage are Augustus H., 
 Hannah C, Mary W. and Alice M. Reeve. 
 
 Though Mr. Reeve devotes his time almost ex- 
 clusively to his business, his usefulness has been 
 brought into requisition as a director of the Cum- 
 berland National Bank, treasurer of the Camden 
 City Dispensary and a member of the board of 
 managers of Cooper Hospital. 
 
 Benjamin C. Eeeve, the junior partner of the 
 firm of E. H. & B. C. Reeve, was born on September 
 23, 1844, at Alloway, Salem County. He is a son 
 of Emmor and Prudence B. (Cooper) Eeeve, the 
 latter being also the daughter of the late William 
 Cooper, of Coopers Point, Camden. After ob- 
 taining the rudiments of an education at home, 
 Mr. Eeeve entered Westtown Boarding-School, 
 in Chester County, Pa., and remained in that 
 excellent institution for a period of three years. 
 He then entered the Polytechnic College, in Phila- 
 delphia, and after completing the entire course 
 was graduated with the class of 1865. Not desir- 
 ing to follow the profession of a civil engineer, for 
 which he prepared, in 1868 he associated himself 
 with his present partner in the establishment of 
 the manufacturing business to which he has since 
 steadily devoted his time and energies. In recog- 
 nition of his success as a business man, a few 
 years ago he was chosen a director in the Camden 
 Safe Deposit Company, and has filled other posi- 
 tions of trust and responsibility. Mr. Eeeve was 
 married, October 3, 1877, to Mary R. Carpenter, 
 daughter of Samuel P. and Hannah A. Carpenter, 
 of Salem, N. J. They have two children— Eachel 
 C. and Herbert E. Eeeve. 
 
 Augustus Reeve, a leading manufacturer ot 
 Camden for the past twenty years, was born in 
 Alloway, Salem County, N. J., August 31, 1833, 
 and was a son of William F. and Mary W. (Cooper) 
 Eeeve, the former a native of Burlington County 
 (though his father was from Cumberland County), 
 and the latter a descendant of William and Mar- 
 
5:22 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 garet Cooper, the original settlers of Coopers 
 Point (of whom a sketch appears elsewhere in this 
 work). Both families were members of the Or- 
 thodox Friends. The boyhood of Augustus Eeeve 
 was spent in his native town, and his school edu- 
 cation was completed at Haverford College. After 
 he had attained his majority be carried on for 
 some time the lumber business at AUowaytown, 
 and in 1862 went to the Safe Harbor Iron Works, 
 on the Susquehanna River, in Lancaster County, 
 Pennsylvania, where he had charge of the com- 
 pany's store. In 1866 he came to Camden and 
 purchased the Pea Shore Brick Works, now 
 known as the Pea Shore Brick and Terra-Cotta 
 Works. He materially enlarged the manufactur- 
 ing plant from time to time, became a thorough 
 master of the details of the business, and in 1876 
 added the line of manufacture which made neces- 
 sary the second clause in the title of the manu 
 factory, and began the production of a line of 
 terra-cotta goods which has been constantly in- 
 creased in variety. The manufacture now in- 
 cludes all kinds or grades of red brick, vitrified 
 drain and sewer pipe, terra-cotta pipe in all of its 
 branches, flue pipes, chimney pots, vases, flower 
 pots, rustic hanging baskets, window boxes and 
 many other articles of combined utility and beauty. 
 The works, employing about one hundred men, are 
 upon the Delaware Eiver, four miles above Cam- 
 den, and at Fish-House Station on the Amboy 
 Division of the Pennsylvania Railroad, which 
 gives the proprietor excellent advantages for ship- 
 ping goods either by rail or water. 
 
 Mr. Reeve is a Republican, but not an active 
 politician. He has been a member of the Camden 
 City Council, but was chosen to that position more 
 because of his being a representative business man 
 than upon any other consideration. He also has 
 been a trustee of the Cooper Hospital from its 
 commencement. 
 
 He married, June 25, 1862, Rebecca C, daughter 
 of Isaac H. and Elizabeth H. Wood, of Haddon 
 Hall, Haddonfleld. They have four children, — 
 Elizabeth Cooper, William F. (in business with 
 his father), Laura and Charles Gaskell. 
 
 Faee & Bailey, manufacturers of floor oil- 
 cloth, have their works and oflice at Seventh and 
 Kaighn Avenue. This firm is composed of Sam- 
 uel T. Bailey and his nephew, Edward L. Farr. 
 The family to which they belong has been in the 
 oil-cloth business for four generations. Ezekiel 
 Bailey, grandfather of S. T. Bailey, and great- 
 grandfather of E. L. Farr, began the manufacture 
 of table oil-cloths in Winthrop, Me., about 1825. 
 His seven sons have all been engaged in the busi- 
 
 ness. Moses and Charles M. are the most promi- 
 nent of these sons. Samuel T. Bailey was brought 
 up in the family of Charles M. Bailey, his father 
 having died while he was a boy, and for nineteen 
 years was employed in his uncle's store in New 
 York City and the greater part of the time he was 
 manager of it. C. M. Bailey still resides in Win- 
 throp, Me., where he has several large oil-cloth 
 works. Moses Bailey was also engaged in manu- 
 facturing at Winthrop, but about 1872 or 1873 
 sold his factory to his brother, Charles M. In 1875 
 he purchased the factory and ground in Camden, 
 now occupied by Farr & Bailey, from a Mr. Eng- 
 lish. He associated with him in the management 
 of the business Lincoln D. Farr, the husband of 
 his niece, adopted 'daughter and sister of the 
 present S. T. Bailey. From that time until 1883 
 the business was conducted in the name of Lin- 
 coln D. Farr, under whose management the busi- 
 ness greatly increased. Originally there were four 
 buildings and five more were added by him, mak- 
 ing nine in all, and thus the facilities for manufac- 
 ture were quadrupled. Mr. Bailey retained a silent 
 interest in the business until his death, in 1882. 
 Lincoln D. Farr died in January, 1883, and the 
 business was continued from that time until De- 
 cember, 1884, by his estate, under the management 
 of his son, Edward L. Farr, and Samuel T. Bailey, 
 who had been employed as salesman in New York 
 City. In December, 1884, the present firm was 
 formed. The lot upon which the works are located 
 is four hundred by seven hundred feet, upon which 
 are eighteen principal buildings, six of which are 
 forty by one hundred feet. Of these buildings, 
 six are constructed of brick, the balance of wood. 
 There are three boilers aggregating one hundred 
 and ninety horse-power, with four engines aggre- 
 gating eighty horse-power. The buildings are 
 fitted up with the latest improved machinery. 
 Employment is given to about one hundred men. 
 The weekly production is about twenty-five thou- 
 sand yards of floor oil-cloth. This firm manufac- 
 tures floor oil-cloths, rugs, mats and stair-cloth. 
 The goods are sold in all parts of the United 
 States east of the Rocky Mountains and also in 
 Canada. 
 
 . The Floor Oil-Cloth Manueaotory at the 
 corner of Seventh Street and Jefferson was erected 
 and the business established, in 1882, by J. 0. 
 Dunn, Jr., & Co. The building is sixty-six by one 
 hundred and twenty-five feet in dimensions and is 
 specially designed for the manufacture of floor 
 oil-cloths fi-om one yard to two and one-half yards 
 in width. The various departments are provided 
 with sizing, rubbing, varnishing, painting and other 
 
f *f 
 
 ^^xx/yy^yyxt/ 
 
 tf 
 
 5 
 
THE CITf OF CAMDEN. 
 
 523 
 
 machines used in the business. The full capacity 
 of the factory is nine thousand nine hundred yards 
 of finished cloth weekly, and constant employment 
 is given to thirty-five workmen. The manufactured 
 oil-cloths of this establishment are sold through 
 Philadelphia and New York business houses. In 
 February, 1886, J. C. Dunn, Jr., purchased an 
 additional acre of ground, and, during that year, 
 erected another large two-story building, sixty- two 
 by one hundred and forty feet, which increased 
 the capacity of manufacture, and, when put in 
 operation, furnished employment to eighty work- 
 men. 
 
 Kaighns Point Oil-Cloth Works, occupy- 
 ing an acre of ground at Ferry Eoad and Atlantic 
 Avenue, have been built and put in operation 
 since February, 1886. The main building is of 
 frame, two stories high, and is fifty-four by one 
 hundred and twenty-six feet in dimensions. It is 
 completely fitted up with new machinery, includ- 
 ing sizing, rubbing, coating and varnishing ma- 
 chines. The interior department is used as the 
 drying-room, with ranges, tiers and racks, and in 
 front there are two paint-mills and two feeders, 
 from which the cloth passes to the different dryers 
 as the several coatings are applied. The machin- 
 ery is driven by two engines. The main engine is 
 a twenty-five horse-power, and runs the general 
 machinery and shafting ; a small engine of five 
 horse-power runs the sizing machines. Floor oil- 
 cloth from one yard to two and one-half yards in 
 width is manufactured and shipped to New York 
 and Philadelphia merchants. The proprietor is 
 P. J. Murphy, who has his office at the works. 
 Twenty hands are employed, under the care of 
 John B. Hutchinson as general manager. 
 
 ■L. B. EajSTDALL, who for eighteen years has been 
 superintendent of the oil-cloth works of R. H. & 
 B. C. Reeve, of Camden, in 1884 began the manu- 
 facture of oil-cloth and wall-paper blocks, a new 
 invention used in the printing department of oil- 
 cloth and wall-paper manufactories. His place of 
 business is at the corner of West and Washington 
 Streets. His son, Frank H. Randall, has been 
 engaged for a period of twelve years as an employee 
 in the manufacture of oil-cloth, and is now fore- 
 man of the works of which his father is superin- 
 tendent. 
 
 woolen and worsted mills. 
 
 The Linden Worsted Mills, one of the largest 
 and most productive manufacturing establishments 
 of its kind in the Middle States, is situated on 
 the square bounded by Broadway, Fourth, Win- 
 slow and Jefferson Streets, in South Camden. The 
 enterprising proprietors of this industry are How- 
 
 land Croft and Herbert Priestly, who, in 1885, pur- 
 chased the building which they now occupy, en- 
 larged it and fitted it up for the manufacture of 
 worsted yarns. The machinery used is of the best 
 improved kind, being nearly all entirely new. The 
 arrangements and surroundings of their establish- 
 ment are admirably suited for the purposes de- 
 signed, and the facilities for the production of 
 worsted yarns of fine quality is equal to that of any 
 worsted-mill in America. The senior proprietor, 
 Mr. Croft, under whose intelligent and skillful 
 management it has attained such vast proportions, 
 is a thoroughly practical manufacturer, having 
 been continuously engaged in the business since he 
 first entered a worstered-mill as an employee in his 
 native country, England, thirty-years ago. The 
 Linden Mill is substantially built of brick, four 
 stories high, and situated in the centre of a large 
 plot of ground which is also the property of the 
 firm. The numerous windows in the mill admit a 
 plentiful supply of light into all the departments, 
 and the heating accommodations are well arranged- 
 Excellent fire apparatus is connected with the 
 mill, with a line of hose on each floor and a water- 
 tank on the top of the tower, so that in the case 
 of accidental fire, it could be quickly extinguished 
 by the appliances at ready command. AdJDining 
 the large mill is a wool warehouse, in which twenty- 
 two wool-sorters are occupied in handling the 
 finest domestic and Australian wool that can be 
 obtained and preparing and arranging it for the 
 wool- washing process. The washing and carding 
 of the wool is done on the first floor of the large 
 mill, and adjoining this department is the engine- 
 room, containing a compound Corliss engine of 
 four hundred horse-power, which is used as the 
 motor to run the extensive machinery. 
 
 After the wool is washed and carded it is con- 
 veyed to the combing department on the second 
 story, where there are eleven combing-machines, 
 nine of which are new. Here the wool is care- 
 fully combed and prepared for the drawing depart- 
 ment, located on the third floor, where four large 
 drawing-machines perform the delicate operation 
 of drawing out the top from the combed wool into 
 rooving and preparing it for spinning. In the 
 fourth story the wonderfully interesting operation 
 of spinning and twisting the yarn is done, with 
 the vast number of seven thousand spindles upon 
 an intricate combination of machinery, which, 
 when moving, is interesting to behold. The last 
 operation is that of reeling and spooling the yarn, 
 the production of which, at this mill, ranges from 
 20s to 100s. The manufactured wool made by 
 Croft & Priestly is sold throughout the Middle and 
 
524 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 New EDgland States. The weekly consumption 
 of wool is twenty-five thousand pounds, and four 
 hundred men and women are regularly employed 
 at the Linden Mills. 
 
 HowLAND Ckoft, the active head and senior 
 proprietor of the industry just described, was born 
 January 16, 1839, at Wilsden, in Yorkshire, Eng- 
 land, and is a son of John and Hannah Howland 
 Croft. His father was a coachman for Major 
 Benjamin Farrand, a large laud-owner of that 
 country. His mother is of Scotch descent, as the 
 name indicates. Young Croft became an orphan 
 at the early age of three years, when his father was 
 fatally injured by being thrown from a horse, and 
 the boy was placed upon his own resources to gain 
 a livelihood. As soon as he was large enough to 
 perform manual labor he was employed in a wor- 
 sted-mill in his native place, spending one-half the 
 day in school and the other half in the mill, until 
 he arrived at the age of twelve years, when he de- 
 voted full time to his work in the mill, and con- 
 tinued thus employed until he was seventeen. 
 Being an active boy and quick to learn the busi- 
 ness, he then went to the town of Farsley, in York- 
 shire, and took charge of a small factory, and while 
 there met Mr. Briggs Priestly, father of his present 
 partner, now a member of the English Parliament, 
 and a large manufacturer and land-owner of Brad- 
 ford, England. Mr. Croft remained in that position 
 until 1867; in the meantime the mill was enlarged. 
 During that year he concluded to come to America. 
 He located in Philadelphia, and immediately there- 
 after became superintendent of one of the depart- 
 ments of the worsted-mill of John and William 
 Yewdell, then the only manufactory of its kind in 
 that city. After an engagement of three weeks he 
 was sent by his employers to England to i)urchase 
 improved machinery for their enlarged mill, and 
 upon his return he brought his family with him. 
 After an engagement of two years in the employ 
 mentioned, Mr. Croft was solicited by George Camp- 
 bell to superintend the establishment and manage- 
 ment of a new worsted-mill at Twenty-first Street 
 and Washington Avenue, Philadelphia, which soon 
 developed to be the largest worsted manufactory 
 in the city. He continued in that responsible 
 position and built up the interests of his employer 
 until 1879, when he retired from the position, went 
 to England to purchase machinery for a new wor- 
 sted-mill to be located at Front Street and 
 Linden, in Camden, and of which, upon returning, 
 he became the senior proprietor, under the firm 
 name of Croft, Midgely & Rommel, who operated 
 the first worsted-mill in New Jersey. This partner- 
 ship existed for two and a half years. In 1884 Mr. 
 
 Croft purchased the interest of his partners and 
 called in as his new partner Mr. Herbert Priestly, 
 and formed the present firm of Croft & Priestly, 
 and they also operated a mill in Philadelphia, along 
 with the Camden mill. In 1885 the firm of Croft 
 & Priestly disposed of their other mills and pur- 
 chased the one which they now own and operate. 
 
 Mr. Croft was married, in 1859, in Farsley, Eng- 
 land, to Mary Granger, daughter of William 
 Granger, of that town. By this marriage were 
 born eight children, six of whom — Annie, John 
 William, Miranda, Clara, George and Samuel — 
 are now living. John William, Ihe eldest son, is 
 engaged with his father in business. The two 
 youngest sons are attending school near Harrow- 
 gate, in England. 
 
 A. Pkiestley & Co., during the year 1886, es- 
 tablished a mill for the manufacture of worsted 
 suitings at the corner of Broadway and Jefierson 
 Street, in South Camden. This enterprising firm, 
 composed of Arthur Priestley and Herbert Bot- 
 tomley, for five years previously had operated a 
 mill in the manufacture of the same kind of goods 
 at Second Street and Columbia Avenue, in Phila- 
 delphia. Obtaining the eligible location which 
 they now occupy, they erected a weaving shed of 
 brick, two hundred and five by ninety-one feet, 
 which has a capacity of one hundred and sixty- 
 eight broad looms. The present plant contains 
 forty broad looms, which will soon be increased to 
 seventy-two. These, with the finishing and other 
 machinery necessary to the production of the 
 manufactured goods, will occupy the capacity of 
 the present shed. When all the space is thus 
 taken up, the firm contemplate erecting an addi- 
 tional mill for the machinery and filling up the 
 shed now used with the looms. The mill has been 
 put into operation and will in a very short time, 
 by the completion of the plans already formulated, 
 be one of the most important industries in Cam- 
 den, and will employ a large number of workmen. 
 
 The Camden WooIjEN-Mills Company on 
 State Street near Coopers Creek. This is a corpo- 
 ration which was organized in December, 1882, 
 with Henry Bottomley, president ; John T. Bottom- 
 ley, treasurer ; William M. Capp, secretary ; and 
 S. B. Stitt & Co., selling agents. They operate 
 the Camden woolen-mills, which were built in 
 1863, and of which Henry Bottomley was then 
 superintendent aud S. B. Stitt treasurer. The 
 buildings, ten in number, are built of fine bricks 
 and include the mill proper, three hundred by 
 fifty-two feet, half of which is three stories in 
 height, the other half two stories ; an L extension 
 three stories high, ninety by thirty-three feet; 
 
^^^-^^t^^t 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 525 
 
 engine-house, boiler-house, two dye-houses, one 
 dry-house, one picker-house, one raw stock ware- 
 house and one warehouse for finished goods. There 
 are also thirty-nine tenement-houses of two and 
 three stories in height upon the property. The 
 total area occupied is about seven acres. Many kinds 
 of cloth, both woolen and worsted, for men's and 
 women's wear, are manufactured. These mills are 
 favorably known to the trade and have a wide- 
 spread reputation for superior equipments in 
 machinery and for the superiority of the goods 
 produced. The improved and automatic machin- 
 ery supplied to the mills include sixteen sets of 
 cards and one hundred and two broad looms, with 
 other necessary machines for woolens and worsteds. 
 The motive force is furnished by a high-pressure 
 Corliss engine of two hundred and fifty horse- 
 power, which is run by six cylinder and two steel 
 tubular boilers. There are three hundred and 
 seventy-seven employees constantly at work. The 
 products are sold through S. B. Stitt & Co., whose 
 oflBces are located at No. 221 Chestnut Street, 
 Philadelphia, and No. 49 Leonard Street, New 
 York City. 
 
 Highland Worsted-Mills are at Ninth and 
 State Streets and on Coopers Creek. They were 
 built by a company in 1884. This company was 
 incorporated early in the year 1884 with S. B. 
 Stitt as president ; John T. Bottomley, treasurer ; 
 William M. Capp, secretary ; and Henry Bottom- 
 ley, agent. The mills cover an area of four hun- 
 dred and fifty by one hundred and fifty feet, and 
 include one large four-story mill, engine and boiler- 
 house, store-house and office, all of brick. These 
 buildings were specially designed and constructed 
 by the company with every improvement .suggested 
 by the highest style of architecture and with every 
 precaution against destruction by fire, being pro- 
 tected by automatic water-pipes as a safeguard. 
 The company is yet in its infancy and only a 
 portion of the mills is in operation. Two large 
 operating-rooms, two hundred by sixty feet, have 
 recently been furnished with new and improved 
 machines, which will enable the company to man- 
 ufacture more than triple the amount previously 
 produced. In the original building there were in 
 running order nine carding-machines, six combing- 
 machines, three sets of drawing-machines and 
 forty-four hundred spindles, which produce worsted 
 yarns of all kinds known to the trade. The en- 
 tire machinery is driven by a compound condensing 
 Corliss engine of five hundred horse-power, run 
 by two Galloway boilers of three hundred horse- 
 power each. The draught-stack for these boilers 
 is one hundred and eighty-three feet high and six 
 63 
 
 and a half feet inside measure at the top. Two 
 hundred and forty hands have constant employ- 
 ment in the mills. The products are sold through- 
 out the United States. The offices of the company 
 are at No. 221 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, and 
 No. 49 Leonard Street, New York City. 
 
 The Pine Point Mills, located at corner of 
 Erie Street and Fifth, above Coopers Point, were 
 established in April, 1886, by John S. Spruance 
 and James S. Birkhead, in the mills formerly 
 operated by the Wood Manufacturing Company, 
 and which had been idle for one year. The firm 
 of Spruance & Birkhead fitted up the mills with 
 new machinery, including two sets of latest im- 
 proved Bridesburg cards, one wool-picker, one 
 willow-picker and four mules running three hun- 
 dred and ninety-six spindles each ; also reels, 
 twisters and other automatic machines used in the 
 production of cotton and woolen yarns. The mills 
 occupy an acre of ground on the Delaware Eiver 
 and include four brick buildings. The mill proper 
 is one hundred and sixty bysixty feet, with North 
 light roofing, and has a boiler-house, a picker- 
 room and an engine-room adjoining. An Erie City 
 engine of sixty horse-power, run by a seventy-five 
 horse-power Erie boiler, is used. Twenty hands 
 are employed. The products are shipped to man- 
 ufacturers in the States of New York and Penn- 
 sylvania, the mills at Cohoes, New York State, 
 using the largest portion. 
 
 Novelty Worsted-Mill was established in 
 1883 by James E. Ackroyd and Joseph W. Scull, 
 for the manufacture of worsted yarns to supply to 
 the trade in New Jersey, Pennsylvania and the 
 New England States. The mill is situated at the 
 corner of Pine Street and Pearl. It is three stories 
 high, has a frontage of one hundred and sixty 
 feet, and extends from thence to the Delaware 
 Eiver. It is fully equipped with machinery and 
 appliances for the production of worsted yarn in 
 large quantities, having nine spinning frames of 
 one hundred and sixty-eight spindles each, or, in 
 all, one thousand five hundred and twelve spindles, 
 three carding-machines, two combing-machines, 
 eighteen drawing-machines and four doubling- 
 machines. A one hundred and fifty horse-power 
 engine, with two tubular boilers, furnish the mo- 
 tive power to run the machinery. Four thousand 
 pounds of yarn are manufactured weekly, and 
 eighty workmen are employed. The business 
 office for the sale of yarn is at No. 30 Letitia 
 Street, Philadelphia. 
 
 The Abbefoyle MiLxs were lately erected 
 for the manufacture of ladies' fine dress goods, 
 such as seersuckers, ginghams, chambries, etc. 
 
526 
 
 HISTORY OE CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 This extensive mill property is leased and operated 
 by W. T. Galey and is well fitted up with the new 
 and most improved machinery for the manufacture 
 of his particular line of goods. He has now one 
 hundred looms and preparing machinery for the 
 same ; also calenders, Miller's Eotary Press, 
 power press, singeing, shearing, tendering, starch- 
 ing ancl folding-machines, also rolling and sewing- 
 machines. At present one hundred workmen are 
 employed. The mill is two stories high and fifty- 
 three by one hundred and fifty feet. There is also 
 an engine-house, sixty-five by twenty-two feet, 
 containing one seventy-five horse-power Buckeye 
 automatic cut-off' engine and powerful dynamos 
 for furnishing light for the mill and property 
 generally; also one Hoflf & Fontaine engine of 
 thirty-five horse-power, one boiler-house, thirty- 
 four by thirty-two feet, containing two steel tubu- 
 lar boilers of two hundred horse-power. One hun- 
 dred looms are in operation, which number will be 
 largely increased. When the entire works of the 
 company are in complete operation, five hundred 
 hands will be employed. Ten three-story brick 
 dwelling-houses are now on the ground for the use 
 of the operatives and more will be erected. 
 
 The Brighton Mills, near the corner of 
 Point and Erie Streets, were established by Irvine 
 C. Beatty, in May, 1883, for the manufacture of 
 elastic shoe webs. The brick manufactory is fifty 
 by one hundred feet in dimensions, and is supplied 
 with fifteen looms, twenty-three feet long, with 
 ten shuttles each, weaving ten pieces of webbing 
 at the same time, and capable of as many changes 
 in colors as may be desired. There are also gass- 
 ing-machines, calenders, warping-mills and wind- 
 ers, all of the most improved pattern and design. 
 Forty workmen are employed, who produce eight 
 thousand yards of web per week, sufficient to fit 
 out twenty-five thousand pairs of Congress gait- 
 ers. This webbing is sold in large quantities to 
 the trade throughout the entire United States. A 
 thirty horse-power engine furnishes the motive- 
 power to the varied automatic machinery required 
 in the production of the finished material. 
 
 Mr. Beatty is now preparing to construct at 
 Pine Point, in North Camden, a large three-story 
 brick factory, fifty-three by one hundred feet, in 
 order to enable him to meet the now steadily 
 increasing demand. More looms' and machinery 
 wiM be added, so as to give employment to one 
 hundred and fifty hands, and produce twenty-two 
 thousand yards of webbing per week. 
 
 In the proprietor of these works, Irvine C. 
 Beatty, is exhibited a fine example of what in- 
 dustry, integrity and pluck, unaided by the prestige 
 
 of position or wealth, can accomplish under the 
 conditions of the American commercial system. 
 The road to success is open to all, but only a few 
 reach the goal because of the ruggedness of the 
 pathway at the outstart. Some are carried over 
 the rough places at the beginning of the road of 
 life, but young Beatty made his own way from the 
 outset, as a few facts concerning his career will 
 show. Born in Boughenforth, County Fermanagh, 
 Ireland, April 23, 1849, he came to America as an 
 infant in his mother's arms. His father, William 
 Beatty, having lost what little property he pos- 
 sessed in the old country, determined to find a 
 home in the new, and having come to Philadelphia 
 and found employment, had sent for his wife, Mary 
 Chittick Beatty, and his family, six months later. 
 They arrived in the Quaker City in the summer of 
 1850, at the time of the great fire, and thus re- 
 united, enjoyed a humble but happy home for a 
 dozen years. Then the supporter, the husband 
 and father died, and a hard struggle was forced 
 upon those bereft. Irvine left school at the age of 
 thirteen and a half years to begin the battle of 
 life. He obtained work with the same house 
 where his father had been employed — that of 
 Alexander Whillden & Sons, dealers in wool, 
 woolens, cotton and cotton yarns. His wages were 
 " nothing a year " for the first year, fifty dollars 
 for the second and one hundred dollars for the 
 third — the usual arrangement at that time. While 
 working for " nothing a year " he sewed wool-bags 
 and performed similar work at night, often toiling 
 as late as two o'clock in the morning, to earn a 
 few pennies for the support of the family. He 
 progressed from this humble beginning slowly at 
 first, and then rapidly until 1875, when after hav- 
 ing been a salesman for a number of years and 
 thoroughly mastering the business, he gave up a 
 salary of thirty-five hundred dollars per year to 
 embark in trade for himself. In January, 1876, 
 he opened a cotton, woolen and worsted yarns 
 house at 35 Letitia Street, Philadelphia, afterwards 
 removing to 123 Chestnut Street, where he was 
 burned out, and after that disaster, to his present 
 location, 136 Chestnut Street. Here he, who as 
 the boy began at " nothing a year," now as a young 
 man, carries on a business amounting to from seven 
 to eight hundred thousand dollars per year. The 
 goods handled by the house are cotton, woolen 
 and worsted yarns. In the works in Camden, for 
 the manufacture of elastic shoe-webbing, started, as 
 heretofore noted, in 1883, a business is done which 
 amounts to about one hundred thousand dollars 
 per annum. Mr. Beatty's activity, however, is not 
 confined to these enterprises, large as they are. 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 527 
 
 He is president of the Deibel Sewiiig-Macliine 
 and Trimmer Manufacturing Company, at Tliird 
 aud Cumberland Streets, Philadelphia, and a 
 director of the Camden National Bank. He takes 
 also an active interest in matters pertaining to the 
 public welfare; is one of the strongest supporters, 
 though not a member, of the Tabernacle Methodist 
 Episcopal Church ; is an influential member of 
 the Board of Education and chairman of its board 
 of property. In politics he is a Republican. He 
 is a member of Ionic Lodge No. 94 P. and A. M.; 
 Siloam Royal Arch Chapter; Cyrene Commandery 
 of Knight Templars of Camden, and is a 32d de- 
 gree Mason. Mr. Beatty was united in marriage, 
 December 12, 1877, to Miss Mary S. Gray, of Ber- 
 nardston, Franklin County, Mass., and they have 
 one child, William Beatty. 
 
 The Lace and Embroidery Manufactory 
 at Front Street and Pearl is an establishment of 
 extensive proportions. It was originated, in 1882, 
 by the firm of Loeb & Schoenfeld, composed of 
 Jacob Loeb, Max Schoenfeld and David Schoen- 
 feld, who manufacture a great variety of laces 
 and embroidery of fine qualities. This factory is 
 a branch of a larger one at Rorschach, Switzer- 
 land, the Camden factory having the main ware- 
 house at Nos. 70 and 72 Franklin Street, New York 
 City. The Camden mill is built of brick, four 
 stories high, and is fitted up with improved ma- 
 chinery, and one hundred and fifty hands are em- 
 ployed. 
 
 The Gimp and Fringe Manufactory at 
 Nos. 39 and 41 North Second Street was established 
 first in Philadelphia, in 1858, by Richard Perks 
 In 1872 he sold his interest in the business to 
 George A. Perks & Co. In 1878 they removed 
 the machinery and appurtenances to Camden, and 
 fitted up the manufactory, which is of brick, thirty 
 by one hundred and fifty-five feet, with twelve 
 weaving looms, four chenille machines and six 
 spinnijig and spooling wheels and other necessary 
 machinery for the manufacture of gimps, fringes, 
 cords, tassels, etc., for upholstery trimmings. In 
 1884 George A. Perks became sole proprietor, but 
 still conducts the business under the firm-name. 
 Seventy hands are employed. The manufactured 
 products of this establishment are sold principally 
 to upholsterers in New York, Philadelphia, Balti- 
 more and other cities. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 The Wood Manufacturing Company, of 
 which J. B. Wood is president, E. H. Kimball 
 treasurer, and Guy B. Greenwood secretary and 
 general manager was established as a stock company 
 
 in the year 1886, and within the short space of eight 
 months made very great improvements at Pine 
 Point, in the upper part of Camden City. This 
 company bought ten acres of ground on the Dela- 
 ware River front, at the head of Fifth Street, 
 including the basin of the sectional dry-docks, 
 which were in operation for about five years pre- 
 viously, but discontinued in August, 1885. The 
 company has constructed two large wharves, one 
 twenty-two by six hundred and forty feet, the 
 other twenty-t\Vo by seven hundred and twenty 
 feet. The basin is one hundred and four by three 
 hundred and forty feet, with an average depth of 
 twenty-four feet, and is now used for wharfage 
 property, repairing and dischai-ging of difierent 
 cargoes. East of, and adjacent to, this basin is 
 the long wharf, seven hundred and twenty feet in 
 length, forming the west side of the new marine 
 railway, which has been in course of construction 
 since May 1st of the present year (1886). The 
 dimensions of this, the largest marine railway ever 
 constructed on the Delaware River, is eight hun- 
 dred and twenty-five feet in length on the ways, 
 and of sufficient width for four tracks, and is cal- 
 culated to haul out vessels of two thousand eight 
 hundred tons register and three hundred and fifty 
 feet in length. This railway is now complete with 
 the exception of the carriage, which is three hun- 
 dred feet in length, and the placing in position of 
 the machinery and engine, which are already on 
 the ground. 
 
 The Aroma Mills are situated at the east end 
 of Line Street, on Coopers Creek, and were estab- 
 lished in the year 1840 by the Browning Brothers, 
 for the manufacture of dye-woods and chemicals. 
 The business at these mills, when they were first 
 started, was conducted on a limited scale, but 
 during the forty-six years that they have been in 
 continuous operation under the same management 
 they have grown and developed into an extensive 
 industry. Large buildings have been added to the 
 original one, until there are now nine in all, which 
 are built upon the property of the firm who con- 
 duct the business. 
 
 The main building is a three-story brick, eighty 
 by one hundred feet, and with the adjacent build- 
 ings, is supplied and fitted with the necessary ap- 
 pliances and machinery for the special preparation 
 of their products. From seventy to eighty work- 
 men are employed, and five large motor engines 
 and four pumping engines, with thirty boilers, are 
 . required to extract dyes and drive the machinery. 
 The business and annual sales of this firm are very 
 large. The trade extends throughout the Union, 
 and also to many portions of Europe. 
 
528 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 The main office of these mills is at Nos. 42 and 
 44 North Front Street, Philadelphia. The indi- 
 vidual members of the firm are Maurice, G. Genge 
 and George G. Browning. 
 
 Maueice Beowning, the senior member of the 
 firm of Browning Brothers, proprietors of the 
 above-described industry, was born June 5, 1811, 
 on the homestead farm of the Browning family, in 
 Stockton township, about three and a half miles 
 from Camden. The family to which he belongs is 
 one of the oldest in the State of New Jersey, the 
 American founder being George Browning, who 
 came immediately from Holland to this country 
 about 1735, and settled near Pea Shore, in what is 
 now Stockton township. Abraham Browning, the 
 father of Maurice Browning, was a prosperous 
 farmer. He also established what is now known 
 as the Market Street Ferry in Camden, about 1800, 
 and owned it until his death, in 1836, when it 
 passed to his heirs, among whom was the subject 
 of this sketch, and who is now a director in the 
 company which operates the ferry. 
 
 Maurice Browning obtained his earliest educa- 
 tion in the country schools in the neighborhood of 
 his home, and afterwards attended the popular 
 school at Burlington of John Gummere, the math- 
 ematician, at whose institution his brother, Hon. 
 Abraham Browning, was prepared for Yale Col- 
 lege. After leaving school he entered a drug- 
 store at Mount Holly, N. J., remaining for a time, 
 and then took a course in laboratory work and 
 pharmacy under Doctors Wood and Bache in Phil- 
 adelphia. He next opened a drug-store on Market 
 Street, in the city named, and since 1840 has 
 devoted most of his time to the interest of the 
 Aroma Mills. Mr. Browning was one of the 
 directors of the Farmers and Mechanics Bank, 
 was a director in 1864, when its charter was 
 changed to the First National Bank of Camden, 
 and continued a member of the board of that in- 
 stitution until his resignation, in 1885. He was 
 one of the original members of the Union League 
 of Philadelphia, and since the organization of the 
 Eepublican party he has been an ardent supporter 
 of its principles. He is manager of the Browning 
 estate, comprising several valuable farms lying in 
 Stockton township. 
 
 Mr. Browning was married, in 1840, to Anna A., 
 daughter of Joshua Few Smith, who was a promi- 
 nent merchant of Philadelphia, and in later years 
 lived in retirement on a farm near Haddonfleld. 
 They had the following children : Abraham M. 
 (deceased) ; Josephine, married to Isaac Doughten 
 of Camden ; and Alice. Mrs. Browning died in 
 the year 1880. 
 
 Camden Dyewood, Extract and Chemical 
 Works are located at the corner of Seventeenth 
 and Stevens Streets, fronting on Cooper Creek, and 
 are owned and operated by W. Wharton Fisher. 
 They cover an area of two acres , and were established 
 in the year 1880. Forty men are regularly em- 
 ployed in the manufacturing dyewoods and chemi- 
 cals for dyeing purposes. The apartments occu- 
 pied are a large three-story brick building, eighty 
 by one hundred feet, with an engine and boiler- 
 room annex, thirty-three by thirty feet, a frame one- 
 story building, one hundred and twenty-five by one 
 hundred and forty feet, and three other frame build- 
 ings adjoining the larger ones. The valuable prod- 
 ucts of this manufacturing establishment have an 
 extensive sale in all parts of the United States. 
 
 The New Jersey Chemical Works, on Coop- 
 ers Creek, occupy several large buildings and 
 sheds, covering an area of two and one-half acres. 
 Previous to 1872 they were operated by Potts & 
 Klett, for the manufacture of chemicals and fertil- 
 izers. In that year they came into the possession of 
 the New Jersey Chemical Company, which was 
 incorporated in 1872, with Henry C. Gibson, pres- 
 ident ; Thomas B. Watson, treasurer ; and William 
 E. Lafferty, secretary. This company continue 
 the manufacture of chemicals and fertilizers, and 
 have fitted up eight large buildings of brick and 
 stone and two large acid chambers, two hundred 
 by forty feet in dimensions, for the preparation of 
 their products, which are shipped to localities in 
 the different States. Three large engines, equal to 
 one hundred and twenty-five horse-power, supply 
 the motive-power for the machinery. From seventy 
 to eighty hands are employed. The company 
 transact a business of very large proportions. 
 
 The Camden City Dye Works, Nos. 609 and 
 611 Pearl Street, were started in 1877 by Henry 
 Hussong and Conrad Moelil at the corner of Point 
 and Pearl Streets. In 1879 the present firm bought 
 out the boilers and machinery and removed the 
 entire business to the present location. The firm 
 is composed of Peter Hussong and his three sons, 
 Henry, Joseph and Frederick Hussong. The fac- 
 tory is a two-story brick, sixty by one hundred and 
 fifty feet in dimensions, and completely fitted out 
 with engine, boilers, whizzers, dryers, etc., for dye- 
 ing cotton and woolen yarns. The business extends 
 to New York, Pennsylvania and some of the South- 
 ern States, and the work is principally done by 
 contract for the large cotton and woolen goods 
 manufacturers. 
 
 The American Bleach and Dye Works 
 are located on the corner of Sixth Street and Me- 
 chanic. A two-story building, forty by eighty 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 529 
 
 feet, was erected in 1881, by J. S. P. Hogan and 
 J. J. Hayes, for a hosiery-mill. They conducted 
 this business as partners until 1885, when J. J. 
 Hayes took charge of the hosiery businesss alone, 
 and, with J. S- P. Hogan, built the adjoining one- 
 story frame building, thirty by eighty feet, and, 
 when completed, the hosiery business was discon- 
 tinued, and the buildings were fitted up as dye 
 and bleach works. The bleaching and drying-mill 
 is supplied with a large-size Butterworth drying- 
 machine, washing-machines and starching and 
 blueing-machines, which are driven by a twenty 
 horse-power engine, with a thirty-five horse-power 
 horizontal boiler. The dye-house is furnished 
 with fifteen dye vats, and has ample machinery and 
 facilities for drying, both by hot air and steam. 
 The dye-house requires a fifteen horse-power en- 
 gine to run the required machinery for the dyeing 
 of cotton, woolen and jute yarns, and the bleach- 
 ing of quilts, counterpanes, Turkish towels, etc. 
 From six to ten workmen are employed. Mr. J. 
 J. Hayes, one of the proprietors, is a practical 
 dyer, and has had many years' experience in his 
 occupation. The trade of the firm is quite ex- 
 tensive, and is conducted in the interests of Phil- 
 adelphia and many Western manufacturers. 
 
 The Printing Ink Manufactory is situated 
 at Nos. 547, 549 and 551 South Second Street. 
 Samuel P. Wright & Co., who operate these 
 works, have the business ofiice on Second Street 
 and in the rear are located the several buildings 
 and departments for the manufacture of the various 
 grades and colors of printers' and lithographers' 
 inks and varnishes. The grinding department is 
 furnished with an engine of one hundred horse- 
 power, which runs fourteen mills, together with the 
 machinery for the varnish department. The weekly 
 production is six thousand pounds, mostly of the 
 finer grades, which are sold through the Middle, 
 Southern and Western States. S. P. Wright began 
 the manufacture of inks in Philadelphia in 1866. In 
 1877 he removed his works to Camden, and for 
 nine months of 1879 they were operated by Wright 
 & Dunk. In the same year Samuel P. Wright 
 bought the interest of Mr. Dunk and became sole 
 proprietor, under the name of Samuel P. Wright 
 & Co., the company being nominal. 
 
 Camden Brass Works originated about 1868, 
 in a brass foundry, at No. 136 Federal Street, and 
 conducted by A. J. Fullmer & Co. The location 
 mentioned was limited in space and unsuitable for 
 the business; hence in 1874, the same firm built 
 the large brick foundry now owned and operated 
 by them on the corner of Front Street and Fed- 
 eral, where brass and bronze castings of various 
 
 kinds are made. A large finishing shop is con- 
 nected with the foundry, with appropriate machin- 
 ery for turning, grinding and polishing brass work. 
 The machinery is run by an engine of ten horse- 
 power. Employment is given to a large number 
 of hands. 
 
 West Jersey Paper Manufacturing Com- 
 pany own large mills at the corner of Front and 
 Elm Streets, which were built in 1876 by the firm 
 of Rich, Scott & Safford, who the same year began 
 the manufacture of paper. In 1879 a charter of 
 incorporation was obtained, with the above title, 
 with Lewis Seal, president; T. S. Scott, treasurer; 
 T. S. Safibrd, secretary. The mill is built of brick, 
 one hundred and forty by one hundred and forty 
 feet in dimensions, and is specially supplied 
 with machinery for making rope-paper of three 
 brands, known as flour-sack, building and cotton 
 sampling. In the various departments are large 
 mixing-vats, steamers and dryers, the principal 
 department having in operation one one hundred 
 and twenty inch cylinder-machine, and six six hun- 
 dred pounds beating-engines. Two steam-engines, 
 one of two hundred and one of sixty horse-power, 
 are run by a gang of four large tubular boilers, 
 and supply the motive-power to run the heavy 
 machinery. Two and a half tons of paper are 
 manufactured daily, and forty hands constantly 
 employed. The manufactured paper is sold through 
 Boston, New York and Philadelphia houses. 
 
 The Pfeil & Golz Company, of which Herman 
 C. Pfeil and Julius Golz are the individual mem- 
 bers, commenced business as lithographers, in 
 1882, at the corner of Front and Pearl Streets. In 
 1883 the business had greatly increased, more 
 room was required, and a large manufactory was 
 erected at the foot of Cooper Street. In December 
 of that year the company removed to the new 
 factory, and on February 4, 1884, the building 
 was entirely destroyed by fire. From this date 
 until the fall of that year they used temporary 
 quarters, and, in the meantime, were having built 
 a large four-story manufactory, fifty by one hun- 
 dred and fifty feet in dimensions, and arranged 
 especially for lithographic purposes. In 1885 the 
 company was incorporated under the above title. 
 A thirty-five horse-power engine furnishes the 
 motive-power for running power presses and the 
 machines for calendering, varnishing and coloring, 
 used in the production of lithographs, glass, paper 
 and muslin advertising signs, show-cards, etc. The 
 manufacture of impermiographs is a specialty with 
 this firm, and large contracts are made with the 
 leading manufacturers, who desire this special 
 production to advertise their business. Including 
 
530 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 artists and workmen, sixty hands are employed. 
 Their trade is of very large proportions, and ex- 
 tends throughout the United States and Canada. 
 
 The Standard Soap and Chemical Com- 
 pany was incorporated in 1885 with a paid-in 
 capital of one hundred thousand dollars, vyith C. B. 
 Wilkinson as president and A. Segel as general 
 manager. The works occupy the large three-story 
 brick building with a front of fifty feet on West 
 Street by one hundred and twenty feet on Clinton 
 Street. The company manufacture soaps of various 
 kinds, inks of several colors, washing-blue, washing- 
 powders, etc., etc., with twenty employees. Eight 
 thousand cakes of soap are made daily. The full 
 capacity of the establishment is twenty thousand 
 cakes per day. 
 
 The Crystal Glass Manufacturing Com- 
 pany was incorporated in April, 1886, with J. R. 
 Bunge, president; P. Strang, treasurer ; and A. C. 
 Lamar, secretary. The glass works are located 
 on Front Street, below Kaighn Avenue, and in- 
 clude six buildings, two of iron and four of frame, 
 which have recently been fitted up with all the 
 latest improved machinery requisite for the busi- 
 ness. The main factory is frame, seventy-eight by 
 eighty-eight feet, and forty feet high, and has in 
 position one large stack and twelve smaller ones, 
 with facilities for the employment of one hundred 
 workmen. In the other buildings are the mixing, 
 grinding, box-making and packing departments; 
 also the pot-making room and engine house. At 
 these works are made wine, beer, Weiss beer, 
 porter and mineral water bottles, pickle jars and 
 various kinds of green and amber bottles ; also 
 flasks and demijohns. This firm makes bottles in 
 private moulds for the trade in the New England 
 and adjacent States. The business is transacted 
 through the main ofiice. No. 9J Market Street, 
 Camden . 
 
 This is the only glass manufactory in Camden 
 at this date (1886). There were two glass works 
 conducted formerly in the city, one by John Cape- 
 well, on Kaighn Avenue, corner of Locust Street, 
 in which flint glass-ware was made. It was in 
 operation for several years, but abandoned when 
 the late war opened. 
 
 Joseph Wharton also operated a glass manufac- 
 tory on Coopers Creek for several years. His 
 works have not been operated since 1884. A. C. 
 Lamar, the secretary of the Crystal Glass Manufac- 
 turing Company, is also a manufacturer of window- 
 glass, having two factories at Woodbury, N. J., 
 with a capacity for producing sixteen hundred 
 boxes of window-glass per week, and employing 
 one hundred and fifty workmen. 
 
 Porcelain Tooth Manufactory, at No. 314 
 Mickle Street, is the only industry of its kind in 
 Camden, and was originated and has been in con- 
 stant operation for fifty-two years. In 1834 Sam- 
 uel W. Neall built a three-story brick building 
 for this purpose in the rear of his dwelling. In 
 1866 his son, Daniel W. Neall, was admitted as a 
 partner, and, in 1882, the latter purchased the 
 entire business interests of his father, and has 
 since conducted the manufacture of artificial 
 teeth from porcelain for the trade. The products 
 are in demand from the principal cities of the 
 United States, and are shipped in large quantities 
 to these localities. Fifteen workmen are employed, 
 and one thousand five hundred full sets of teeth 
 are made weekly. The establishment is supplied 
 with machinery, mills, moulds, ovens and retorts 
 requisite for the business. 
 
 The Hat Factory of Stephen Titus was 
 established in 1885 at No. 316 Market Street, the 
 store having a front of twenty-one feet, and ex- 
 tending to the work-shop in the rear, one hundred 
 and fifty feet, having also a front on Taylor Ave- 
 nue. Silk and stiff hats, also the new style of 
 pull-over hat, with patent seamless body, of which 
 Mr. Titus is the sole proprietor and manufac- 
 turer, are made here. 
 
 Blank and Printed Book Bindery.— This 
 business was first established in Camden by Jacob 
 Bender, in 1850, at the southwest corner of Third 
 and Arch Streets. In 1856 the location was 
 changed to No. 223 Federal Street, when the entire 
 business was sold out to his son, Robert S. Bender, 
 who continued in this place until April, 1885. The 
 bindery was then removed to No. 101 Market 
 Street. Job binding and printed matter of all de- 
 scriptions is executed, and the bindery is most 
 complete in the necessary machinery for the pur- 
 pose. A Davey safety engine and boiler fur- 
 nishes the motive-power for the folders, stitchers, 
 cutters, stamping presses, etc. Five workmen, 
 five girls and five boys are employed. 
 
 Baymore's Mast and Spar- Yards.— There 
 are two large spar-yards, in Camden, with ample 
 buildings conveniently arranged and fitted for the 
 manufacture of outfits for all grades of sailing 
 vessels, and in which spars are made from twenty 
 to one hundred and ten feet in length and twenty- 
 eight inches in diameter. The logs from which these 
 spars are made are brought from California and 
 Oregon in sailing vessels, specially designed for 
 loading and shipping the same. From the vessels 
 the logs are transferred to the booms at the foot Of 
 the spar-yards and are drawn from the water as 
 desired. 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 531 
 
 These yards were opened by Joseph Baymore, who 
 first commenced the business at the foot of Ann 
 Street, Port Richmond, and in 1868 established 
 the yard at the foot of North Street. The build- 
 ing is one hundred and ten feet front on Beach 
 Street, and extends to the rear to the riparian line, 
 occupying five acres of ground. On April 23, 
 1871, this yard was burned down, but was at once 
 rebuilt and improved. A complete record is 
 made of all spars furnished for outfits, so that when 
 desired, exact duplicates can be made and for- 
 warded to all ports in the United States. This 
 yard has ten workmen, under the direction of 
 Enos Bowen, as foreman. The spar-yard, on 
 Front Street above Kaighn Avenue, at the lower 
 portion of the city, was built by Joseph Baymore 
 in 1883, and is forty feet wide on Front Street, and 
 one hundred and eighty-five feet in depth. This 
 yard, also, is fully fitted for all branches of the 
 business; ten workmen are employed, with George 
 J. Harris as foreman. Vessels in different ports 
 of the country are supplied with spars of any size 
 and properly fitted for ready adjustment; all busi- 
 ness is transacted through the office of Joseph 
 Baymore, No. 118 North Delaware Avenue, Phila- 
 delphia. 
 
 The Spak-Yard on Penn Street, corner of 
 Point Street, covers an area of three acres, having 
 a front of thirty feet, and extending six hundred 
 feet to the rear to the port warden line, and was 
 started, in 1879, by George Humes. For thirty- 
 five years previously he had conducted the busi- 
 ness of a spar-maker in Philadelphia, and the 
 many advantages offered in Camden for his busi- 
 ness induced him to remove his industry to the 
 present location. 
 
 The yard is arranged for the construction of 
 spars of various sizes for steam vessels and sailing 
 vessels, and also derricks, flag-poles and staffs, etc. 
 A large boom is connected with the yard, which has 
 a capacity for guarding a supply of spar-logs. 
 
 The Large Boat Shops on the river, at the 
 head of Point Street, were established, in 1879, by 
 the present proprietor, James A. Collins. The 
 shops have a frontage of forty-seven feet, and ex- 
 tend to the dock in the river one hundred and 
 sixty feet, and the equipment of the shops has 
 been especially adapted for the construction of 
 sailing and steam yachts, of which a large number 
 have been built in the past four years. Yawl and 
 row-boats are also built at these shops, which, by 
 being under cover, are in operation the entire year. 
 The business is large and is increasing, and boats 
 of all kin(is are built, not only for home trade, but 
 for many of the Southern ports. From six 
 
 to twelve men are employed in the shops. A large 
 business is also done in repairing and refitting, the 
 different branches of the business being all con- 
 ducted Tinder one roof. 
 
 The Boat-Shop at Coopers Point was started 
 in 1876 by George W. Masters, who had for years 
 previously conducted the same business in Phila- 
 delphia, at Delaware Avenue and Shackamaxon 
 Street. This yard is one-half acre in area, and 
 fitted up for the construction of ships, boats, sail- 
 ing and steam yachts, fishing, rowing and pleasure 
 boats of various kinds. Within the past twenty 
 years the proprietor has built a large number of 
 yachts and boats. 
 
 The Boat-Yard, Front Street above 
 Kaighn Avenue. — The increasing demand for 
 pleasure boats, especially sailing and steam yachts, 
 has given a remunerative industry to Camden, and 
 the builders of this class of boats now furnish em- 
 ployment to a large number of workmen, and are 
 thus enabled to meet the demands from all por- 
 tions of the river line. This boat-yard was started 
 in 1885 by William H. Kaighn, and has been suc- 
 cessfully operated by him. A large number of gun- 
 ning-skiffs, and rowing and sailing boats have been 
 constructed by the proprietor, and find ready sale 
 to the proprietors of pleasure resorts in different 
 parts of the adjacent States. 
 
 The Penn Mantel- Works, at No. 16 Market 
 Street, were started in 1879 by Edmund Cotter, 
 who had been identified for twenty years previously 
 with mantel-works in several Northern States. 
 The buildings, of which there are three, extend two 
 hundred feet in depth, and occupy grounds on 
 both sides of George Street. The main building is 
 fitted up with marbleizing department, large show- 
 rooms, office, etc., while the back buildings are 
 devoted to cutting and preparing the slate for the 
 finishing process. The products comprise marble- 
 ized slate mantels, wainscoting, slate hearths, 
 bracket shelves, bureau and table-tops, and various 
 kinds of slate work, for the trade, builders, etc. 
 Twenty-five workmen are constantly employed. 
 
 Camden City Marble- Works, Junction of 
 Federal and Arch Streets. — This enterprise 
 has been in operation since 1867, when Webster 
 Krips and William H. Shearman fitted up work- 
 shops and sheds on both sides of Arch Street for 
 the preparation of monument, mantel and house- 
 work. The yards and work-shops cover over an 
 acre of ground, and a large stock of marble and 
 granite monuments, headstones, cemetery posts, 
 etc., are kept on hand. From six to ten workmen 
 are employed. The trade is large, though princi- 
 pally local. Webster Krips has been the sole 
 
532 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NP:W JERSEY. 
 
 proprietor since 1879, at whiu.li time he bought 
 the interest of William H. Shearman. 
 
 The Marble, (teanite and Sand,stone- 
 WoRKS at the corner of Eighth and Market 
 Streets were established in 1881 by Michael 0. 
 Lyons, who for thirteen years before owned the 
 marble-works at the corner of Fifth and Pearl 
 Streets. This enterprise includes office, work- 
 shops, and a show yard, one hundred by forty 
 feet in dimensions, and is adapted to the produc- 
 tion of monuments, mantels, cemetery work and 
 house trimmings, in marble, granite, sandstone, 
 etc. From nine to fifteen men are employed. A 
 variety of manufactured marble designs is shown 
 at these works. 
 
 The first carriage-maker in Camden was Samuel 
 Scull, who was engaged in the busines.s in 1800, on 
 Front Street above Market, near where Collings' 
 carriage factory now stands. Twenty years later 
 he built a large factory on the north side of Arch 
 Street, extending from Front nearly to Second. 
 His works included a paint shop, blacksmith shop, 
 and all the appliances belonging to the business. 
 Beginning with three journeymen, he eventually 
 employed between twenty and thirty, and his car- 
 riages were shipped to the West Indies and other 
 distant markets as well as sold to the local trade. 
 On his death, Isaac Cole, who had long worked for 
 him, conducted the business for the widow, and 
 eventually became the proprietor, and carried on 
 the business for many years. Mr. Scull had two 
 sons, Joseph and Samuel, both of whom engaged 
 in the sausage business in the South Ward. The 
 former built the brick house on the southeast cor- 
 ner of Third and Kaighn Avenue, and the latter, 
 who was Mayor in 18.55, built the large three story 
 brick house on the southeast corner of Locust and 
 Kaighn Avenue. 
 
 Isaac Vansciver learned his trade, carriage mak- 
 ing, in Mount Holly, and when free came to Cam- 
 den. After a campaign with the Camden Blues, in 
 the War of 1812, he settled at Kalglins Point, 
 where .loseph Kaighn gave him encouragement, 
 and he started a carriage factory, subsequently re- 
 moving liis works to Dogwoodtown, on or near the 
 site of Catfrey's carriage works. He afterwards 
 erected a, large factory on (he west side of Front 
 Street, above Arch, where he was burned out. He 
 transferred his business to Philadelphia for a time, 
 but returned to (Jaradcn and resumed work at his 
 old place on Front Street, where lie continued un- 
 til a few years before the War of the Rebellion, 
 when he retired from business. In his long and 
 busy life he gave employment to many persons, 
 
 and the product of his factories found sales in dis- 
 tant markets. 
 
 Samuel Glover had a carriage factory on Front 
 Street above Market, after Samuel Scull left there, 
 and was succeeded by Jacob Collings, whose sons, 
 Thomas S. and Joseph Z. Collings, continued the 
 business and enlarged it, the latter being now the 
 proprietor. 
 
 Caffrey's Carriage BIanufactoey is at 
 Market and Tenth Streets. The buildings' were 
 erected and the business originated in 1853, and for 
 many years was conducted by Charles S. CafFrey 
 individually. In 1879 the CharlesS. Caflfrey Com- 
 pany was organized, with a paid-in capital of 
 sixty-three thousand dollars. An extensive busi- 
 ness is done here and the trade extends throughout 
 the United States and in Great Britain, France 
 and Russia. The main building occupied is three 
 stories high, and one hundred by one hundred and 
 eight feet in dimensions. It was specially con- 
 structed for this business after the former building 
 was destroyed by fire, in 1877, and is supplied with 
 all the conveniences for the manufacture of fine 
 carriages of numerous styles. Facilities are af- 
 forded at this factory for producing finished work 
 to the value of three hundred thousand dollars 
 annually. The company make fine carriages, 
 top and no-top buggies, end-spring and side-bar 
 buggies, two and three-spring phaetons, jump-seat 
 and side-bar rockaways, broughams, laundalettes, 
 and make a specialty of the Caffrey track wagon 
 and sulky, for which they control two patents. The 
 officers of the company are : President, Charles S. 
 Cafl'rey; Treasurer, Harry Stiles ; Secretary, Ed- 
 ward Nieland. The directors are Charles 8. Caf- 
 frey, Andrew Marshall, (leorge K. CafFrey, John 
 Stiles, J. H. Caffrey and Harry Stiles. 
 
 The Carriage MANUFAfrroRY, Nos. 108 to 
 1 l(i North Front Street, was established in 1827 
 by Collings & Richardson. In 1829 the partner- 
 ship was dissolved, and Jacob S. Collings leased a 
 lot of ground on Federal Street, below Second 
 Street, and built thereon a large frame carriage 
 factory, which he conducted until 1845, when he 
 purchased the lot at present location (and where 
 he had first started business), one hundred and 
 twenty feet front by one hundred and seventy feet 
 in depth, on which ho erected five brick buildings. 
 The main factory is four stories high and fifty-six 
 feet square, back buildings three stories high and 
 forty by eighty feet, and the smith-shop twenty by 
 one hundred feet, in all of which are the wood- 
 work, smith-work, painting, trimming, finishing, 
 etc., of fine family carriages. The salesroom was 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 533 
 
 first established in Philadelphia, in 1859, and is 
 now located in their large warehouse, No. 625 
 Arch Street. On April 25, 1862, Mr. Collings was 
 succeeded by his two sons, Thomas S. and Joseph 
 Z. Collings, who conducted the business as Col- 
 lings Brothers until 1877, when Thomas S. sold 
 out his interest to Joseph Z. Collings, who is now 
 the sole proprietor. 
 
 William Hunt's Caeeiage Factoey, located 
 at Nos. 19 and 21 Market Street, was erected upon 
 the site of a small one-story structure built as a 
 carriage factory in 1866 by the present proprietor 
 William Hunt. The present factory is a three-story 
 brick building, forty by ninety feet, and especially 
 designed for the manufacture of light road car- 
 riages, and as a specialty the construction of light 
 road sleighs and cutters. The entire work, includ- 
 ing the wood-work, painting, trimming, finishing 
 and carriage-smithing, is all done on the premises. 
 Twenty workmen are employed. The salesrooms 
 are at No. 910 Arch Street, Philadelphia. The 
 trade extends over a large tract of country. 
 
 Elijah E. West's Caeeiage and Wagon 
 Manufactoey, No. 29 Haddon Avenue. — This 
 establishment occupies the site of a large manufac- 
 tory formerly operated by the Charles Caffrey 
 Carriage Manufacturing Company, which was 
 destroyed by fire. After it was rebuilt Hosea 
 Madden first occupied and operated it. It was 
 also leased to Young & Ireland, and later to Strat- 
 ford, Dockerty & Sidesinger. In 1881 the present 
 proprietor, with his son Thomas, leased the works, 
 and conducted them under the name of E. E. 
 West & Son. In 1884, by the withdrawal of the 
 son from the firm, the business was and has since 
 been under the direction of Elijah E. West alone. 
 A large carriage smith-shop is connected with the 
 works, and seven workmen are employed in the 
 construction of carriages, business and farm wagons 
 of all descriptions. 
 
 The Caeeiage and Wagon Woeks, and 
 smith-shop, of Hamilton S. Davis are located at the 
 northwest corner of Kaighn Avenue and Marion 
 Street. In 1872 Mr. Davis bought this corner lot, 
 sixty by seventy-two feet in size, and built the 
 shops the same year, and has since conducted the 
 entire business. Light carriages are manufactured, 
 but the principal trade is in milk, ice and heavy 
 business wagons, as also farm wagons, carts, etc. 
 
 The Caeeiage and Wagon Manufactoey, 
 Nos. 15 and 17 Market Street, was first started in 
 1860 by William Butler. In 1865 he sold out the 
 business and location to Braker & Eettberg, and 
 in 1868 Braker sold out his interest to the present 
 64 
 
 proprietor, Jacob Rettberg. The manufactory has 
 a frontage of twenty-eight feet by one hundred 
 feet in depth. Business wagons of all descriptions 
 are made and repaired. Ten to twelve workmen 
 are employed. 
 
 Silvee-Platees. — The carriage factories gave 
 employment to many silver-platers, some working 
 for the manufacturers and others carrying on busi- 
 ness for themselves, and giving employment to 
 others. Gordon states that there was a gold and 
 silver-plater here in 1833, but the first establish- 
 ment of which there is authentic record was that 
 of Gibson & Morgan— Henry Gibson and John 
 Morgan — the latter mayor in 1876-77. Their works, 
 started in 1841, were over the wagon-sheds built 
 by Jacob Eidgway, in 1832, at Second and Arch. 
 Gibson left the firm, and in 1845 Morgan removed 
 the factory to a stable, fitted up for the purpose, 
 on the rear end of a lot on Fourth Street, above 
 Market, afterwards erecting a large brick building 
 on the line of Fourth Street, since converted into 
 dwellings. 
 
 Among his workmen were his brother, George 
 Morgan, now in the business at 52 North Second ; 
 Edward Fitzer, now in the same trade in Phila- 
 delphia; George Welden, Charles Newmayer and 
 others. The work was for volantes, used in Cuba, 
 and the trade was exclusively with that island. 
 As the correspondence was in Spanish, Newmayer, 
 who from journeyman became manager and then 
 partner, learned the language, to avoid the need 
 of an interpreter. The firm employed as many 
 as thirty at one time, and the employes testify 
 that there was never a murmur about wages, even 
 the apprentices receiving full pay for overwork, 
 and the payments were not only prompt, but made 
 in the best currency. The Rebellion put a stop to 
 the trade, and the firm, dividing a competency, 
 dissolved. 
 
 Edward Fitzer and George Morgan joined in 
 business in the " fifties," with their establishment 
 on Market Street, the site of Herbst's Hotel, but 
 in a few years separated. 
 
 Michael Seibenlist was a well-known silver-plater 
 as early as 1840, but the most of his work was for 
 Camden harness and carriage-makers. 
 
 The Moeocco Manufactoey on Broadway, 
 below Kaighn Avenue, was first put in^o operation 
 in 1884 by the present enterprising proprietor, 
 Frederick Kiiferly, who for seventeen years previ- 
 ously had been engaged in the same business in 
 Philadelphia. Eight acres of land are owned by Mr. 
 Kifferly, on which he has erected a four-story brick 
 building, one hundred and twenty-two by forty-six 
 
534 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 feet, with basement, and two four-story side-wings, 
 each fifty-two by twenty feet, in which is a twenty 
 horse-power engine for driving the machinery. In 
 this establishment he manufactures morocco leath- 
 er from goat-skins, which are imported from South 
 America, Mexico, East Indies, Cape of Good Hope 
 and the countries of Southern Europe. There are 
 four large drying lofts, and various dyeing, tanning, 
 finishing and storage-rooms. Four hundred dozen 
 skins are tanned and finished weekly by a force of 
 seventy-five workmen. The business is under the 
 skillful and experienced management of the pro- 
 prietor, Mr. Kiff'erly. 
 
 Frederick Kifferly, the proprietor of this enter- 
 prise, was born in the kingdom of Wiirtemberg, 
 Germany, September 9, 1835. After attending 
 school for two years in his native country, in 1844 
 he emigrated with his parents to America, and 
 located in Philadelphia, in which city his father 
 died one year after their arrival, and the son was 
 thrown upon his own resources. Being by nature 
 industrious, he engaged with his uncle at the 
 butcher's trade one year, for the same length of 
 time with a baker, and after the second marriage 
 of his mother, to a baker, he became the employee 
 of his stepfather during four successive years. At 
 the age of sixteen he entered the morocco factory 
 of Baker & Nevil, at Front and Poplar Streets, 
 Philadelphia, remaining two years, and then, in 
 1853, went to Wilmington, Del., and engaged with 
 Hackett & Griffin, morocco manufacturers, until 
 1859. The seven succeeding years he conducted a 
 bakery on York Street, Philadelphia. In 1867 he 
 embarked in the manufacture of morocco leather, 
 as a partner in the firm of Turner & Co., on Second 
 Street, below Beaver. They soon thereafter 
 removed their factory to Front and Poplar Streets, 
 and from thence, in 1869, to 209 Willow Street. 
 Three years later they purchased the morocco fac- 
 tory at Dillwyn and Willow Streets. This part- 
 nership continued until 1883. In the mean time 
 Mr. Kifferly had removed his residence to Camden, 
 in 1881, and seeing the advantage to be gained by 
 removing his business to Camden, he, in 1884, sold 
 out his factory in Philadelphia, having already 
 commenced the erection of the present establish- 
 ment operated by him. 
 
 Mr. Kifferly, in 1854, married Mary, daughter 
 of Jacob and Eliza Martin, of Brandy wine Hun- 
 dred, Del., by whom he has four surviving children, 
 viz.: — Christopher E., George, Frederick and 
 Harry. 
 
 Shoe Manufacturers.— In the manufacture 
 of shoes for the trade supplying the Middle and 
 Southern States the city of Camden has acquired 
 
 a favorable reputation. A large amount of money 
 is invested, and nearly a thousand of the citizens 
 of Camden have constant employment in this 
 branch of industry. Some of the large establish- 
 ments, with the appliances of steam-power as a 
 motor, and with improved machinery, have facili- 
 ties for producing from six hundred to three thou- 
 sand pairs of shoes weekly. In some of the 
 smaller establishments, known as "buckeye fac- 
 tories," the work is performed by teams or double 
 teams of workmen, the shoes passing from hand to 
 hand as they leave the laster, and, at the end of 
 the line, pass the inspection of the foreman com- 
 plete in finish. The production is rapid, as only 
 two or three kinds of goods are made and find 
 ready sale to their customers. 
 
 H. B. Anthony owns one of the largest shoe 
 factories, at 521 South Seventh Street. Paul 
 Anthony came from Germany to this country 
 more than a century ago. He was a hatter 
 and located at Rahway, N. J., for a short 
 time, and then removed to Northumberland, 
 Pa., where he resided until his death. By his 
 marriage with Elizabeth Van Buskirk he had 
 five children, — John, Phillip, Esther, Ann and 
 Elizabeth, who married and settled in Northum- 
 berland and assisted him in his manufacturing in- 
 terests, excepting John, who migrated to Louis- 
 ville, Ky., and Phillip, who became a river pilot. 
 Phillip was married to Sarah, daughter of Isaiah 
 McCoy, of Cumberland, by whom he had seven 
 children, — Sarah, Paul, William (who died in in- 
 fancy), Thomas, George, Mary and Henry. 
 
 George Anthony was born in Northumberland 
 August 18, 1824, and lived there until 1840, when 
 he went to Milton, Pa., to learn harness-making. 
 After finishing his apprenticeship he removed to 
 Camden, in 1854, and worked at his trade in Phil- 
 adelphia until 1881. On December 27, 1847, he 
 was married to Sarah, daughter of Diedrick and 
 Catherine Fegenbush, of Philadelphia, by whom 
 he has seven children,— Charles D., Harry B., 
 Kate F., Paul (deceased), William E., Edwin T. 
 and George E. 
 
 Harry B. Anthony was born in Philadelphia 
 September 27, 1849, and came to Camden with his 
 father in 1854. He was educated in the public 
 schools. At the age of thirteen he entered the 
 National Iron Armor and Ship-Building Com- 
 pany's works, of Camden, and continued thus em- 
 ployed for two years, when he again went to 
 school, until he took a position with the firm of 
 Edmund A. Souder & Co., of Philadelphia, who 
 controlled the steamers on the Schuylkill, and 
 which was afterward the Fairmount Steamboat 
 
'<->^e^LA ^f ^^^^^^^^:^^ 
 
/ 
 
 ^y^^y^ t^'^^ -^ 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 535 
 
 Compan)'. He rose from the position of ticket 
 agent to that of superintendent and treasurer of 
 the company, was the first to introduce propellers 
 from the Falls to the Wissahickon, remained with 
 the company for twenty years and is still a di- 
 rector. This occupied only the summer months, 
 and during the winter he learned the trade of fur- 
 niture finisher with E. D. Trymby & Co., of 
 Philadelphia, where he was employed for ten 
 years during the winter months. In 1872 he 
 opened at 1140 Broadway a crockery store, and 
 after building up a large business, transferred it to 
 his father, in 1876, who still manages it. Mr. An- 
 thony began the manufacture of shoes in a small 
 way, building a factory on Kaighn Avenue, above 
 Broadway, doing nothing but hand work. His 
 business grew so rapidly as to demand increased 
 facilities, and in 1881 he purchased the building 
 521 South Seventh Street, and placed in it a full 
 line of the most improved machinery for the man- 
 ufacture of misses' and children's machine-sewed 
 shoes, where he is now making four thousand pairs 
 of shoes a week, and employingone hundred hands, 
 thus giving Camden a profitable and successful 
 business and adding to her improvement and pros- 
 perity. The property purchased by Mr. Anthony 
 was sixty by one hundred and ninety-three feet in 
 area, and a brick building forty by fifty feet had 
 already been erected upon it. Shortly after, through 
 the increase of business, he was compelled to 
 make important additions to the factory, — one 
 addition of brick, thirty-five by forty feet, and a 
 general improvement of the factory and purchase 
 of additional and improved machinery. The fac- 
 tory is heated by steam throughout, with high 
 ceilings and ample arrangements for ventilation. 
 The location is a most desirable one, being on the 
 line of the West Jersey Railroad, affording good 
 facilities for receiving coal, etc. The factory is 
 supplied with two large boilers, one for heating 
 purposes, the other as a motive-power for the 
 different and varied machinery used in the manu- 
 facture of their products, with ample power for all 
 purposes. 
 
 In addition to Mr. Anthony now employing one 
 hundred hands and making four thousand pairs of 
 machine-sewed shoes per week, he is making active 
 preparations to increase the capacity of this manu- 
 factory to seven thousand pairs per week, by an addi- 
 tion of a fine line of hand-sewed turn shoes. The 
 business, as conducted by Mr. Anthony, is of large 
 proportions, extending west to the Pacific States, 
 south to Texas and northwest to Minnesota. Mr. 
 Anthony is a director in the Camden National 
 Bank. In 1869 he was married to Louisa, daugh- 
 
 ter of Arthur G. and Jane Ashley, of England, 
 who died in 1879, leaving one daughter, Laura S. 
 On January 7, 1881, he was married to Lucretia, 
 daughter of Evan and Ann Thomas, who were na- 
 tives of Wales, but then residing near Scranton, 
 Pa. They have one child, — Walter Y., born No- 
 vember 23, 1881. 
 
 Ferris' Shoe Manufactory, at Broadway and 
 Jackson Streets, is one of the most extensive of 
 the business industries of South Camden. The 
 manager of this enterprise, Isaac Ferris, Jr., pur- 
 chased, in 187r), a lot of ground at Fillmore and 
 Van Hook Streets, and erected a small store, in 
 which he commenced the shoe business with three 
 men and two girls employed. His sales to the 
 wholesale trade increasing compelled him to fa- 
 cilitate the manufacture. More ground was 
 bought and a larger store was built. In 1881 he 
 purchased land at Broadway and Jackson Streets, 
 and built a manufactory forty by forty feet and 
 two stories high, engaged extra hands, and en- 
 gaged in the manufacture of all grades of ladies', 
 misses' and children's shoes on a large scale. 
 Agents were placed on the road and orders re- 
 ceived from many of the Southern and Western 
 States, and, in 1882, an extension of twenty feet 
 was added to the building, which was found too 
 limited in space for rapid production. At the 
 present time he has over seventy men, girls and 
 boys on his pay-roll, and a ready market for his 
 goods in Nebraska, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Ohio, 
 Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Indiana, Kentucky 
 and California, his special States being Ohio and 
 Pennsylvania. Four salesmen are constantly on 
 the road to keep the trade supplied. The entire 
 management is under the supervision of Isaac 
 Ferris, Jr., the proprietor. In the finishing de- 
 partment forty hands are employed, under the care 
 of Jacob Ferris. Miss DoUie Ferris has charge of 
 the fitting department, and Washington Ferris of 
 the stock department. 
 
 F. P. Dietrick & Co., in 1881, began the manu- 
 facture of women's, misses,' children's and infants' 
 shoes, and erected a three-story brick building, fifty 
 by one hundred feet in dimensions for that purpose, 
 on Market Street, below Frout, and fitted it up 
 with new and improved machines adapted to the 
 business. This firm has been succeeded by Wheat- 
 ley Brothers. From one hundred to one hundred 
 and twenty-five hands are employed, and the 
 weekly product is twenty-five hundred pairs of 
 shoes. The trade is large, and extends through 
 several of the Northern and Southern States. 
 
 The Shoe Manufactory at No. 535 Chestnut 
 Street. — Thomas H. Kelly conducts this manu- 
 
536 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEKSEY. 
 
 factory for the production of misses' and children's 
 shoes. For twenty-four years he had been con- 
 nected with the business in other localities, and in 
 1885 started this enterprise of which he is sole 
 proprietor. Fourteen men and nine girls are 
 constantly employed, and two hundred and six- 
 teen pairs of shoes are made daily ; the weekly 
 production will average thirteen hundred pairs of 
 finished shoes. The products are sold to the trade 
 in the principal cities of the Middle and Southern 
 States. 
 
 William A. Butcher's Factory, at No. 
 1325 Broadway, was commenced in 1880 by the 
 present proprietor, who, for three years pre- 
 viously, carried on a factory on Kaighn Ave- 
 nue, above Broadway. All the necessary and im- 
 proved kinds of shoe machinery are used in the 
 production of misses' and children's shoes of the 
 different styles and grades. From twenty-five to 
 thirty workmen are employed, and the product of 
 their labor is sold to the wholesale and retail trade 
 throughout the surrounding States. From six to 
 eight hundred pairs of shoes are turned out weekly, 
 and the amount of business done yearly is sixteen 
 to eighteen thousand dollars. Mr. Butcher is 
 now making preparations to build a large manu- 
 factory on the site of the present one. 
 
 Joseph Whitakee owns a shoe factory at No. 
 529 Arch Street. The manufacture of ladies', misses' 
 and children's fine shoes was begun in this estab- 
 lishment in 1882 by Joseph Whitaker, Harley 
 Shemeley and Henry Hartley. In 1883 Joseph 
 Whitaker bought out the interest of his partners 
 and has become sole proprietor. The factory is 
 arranged for the convenience of three single teams 
 of workmen, with departments for cutting, lasting, 
 and finishing, and with machines specially adapted 
 to this line of work. Employment is furnished to 
 sixteen men and eight girls. The manufactured 
 goods are sold to the trade through Philadelphia 
 houses. Nine hundred pairs of shoes are made 
 weekly, and the necessary changes are being made 
 to increase the production to one thousand pairs 
 per week. 
 
 The Shoe Factory at No. 1222 South Front 
 Street was first conducted by McAdams & Peak, 
 who, as joint partners, started the manufacture of 
 misses', children's and infants' shoes in 1880. In 
 1881 Frank McAdams succeeded to the ownership 
 of the business, and still continues it at present 
 location, his improved machinery enabling him to 
 manufacture nine hundred pairs of shoes a week. 
 He employs fifteen workmen and twelve girls; the 
 finished products are sold to the wholesale and 
 retail trade in Pennsylvania and adjacent States. 
 
 The factory at the corner of West and Clinton 
 Streets was commenced in 1883 by Edward A. 
 Richardson, and furnished with the available im- 
 provements in machinery requisite for the manu- 
 facture of misses' and children's shoes. Fifteen 
 hundred pairs of shoes are made weekly. The 
 industry gives employment to forty persons. 
 Orders are received for the products from all parts 
 of the country. 
 
 Charles S. Grau commenced the business of 
 shoe manufacturing in 1877 at the corner of Sixth 
 and Mount Vernon Streets. In 1878 he admitted 
 Oliver S. Guthrie as a partner, and together they 
 conducted the manufacture of misses' and children's 
 shoes. In January, 1886, Oliver S. Guthrie with- 
 drew from the firm, and Charles S. Grau became 
 sole proprietor. Six hundred pairs of shoes are 
 manufactured weekly, and eleven men employed. 
 The products are sold to the local trade and to 
 cities of adjacent States. 
 
 For a number of years an establishment, south- 
 west corner of Front Street and Kaighn Avenue, 
 was conducted by Charles H. Dirmitt, who, in 
 July, 1884, disposed of his interest, stock and 
 machinery to W. S. Boltinghouse & Co. This 
 firm at once began the manufacture of ladies', 
 misses' and children's machine-sewed shoes. The 
 production amounts to six hundred pairs of finished 
 shoes weekly, and gives constant employment to 
 fourteen workmen and eight girls. Their goods 
 are sold to the retail trade in New Jersey and 
 Pennsylvania. 
 
 Oliver Guthrie has a factory at 513 Kaighn 
 Avenue. Commenced in January, 1886, to make 
 misses' and children's shoes. Employs eight 
 workmen and five girls. Regular production, four 
 hundred and thirty-two pairs of shoes weekly. 
 
 Horace Hofilinger has a large workshop at No. 
 112 Kaighn Avenue, commenced in 1884. Em- 
 ploys ten workmen and six girls. Regular weekly 
 production, three hundred and sixty pairs of shoes, 
 misses' and children's. 
 
 William Small started a factory, in 1877, at No. 
 424 Chestnut Street, for making misses' and chil- 
 dren's shoes ; at present seven workmen and five 
 girls are employed. The weekly production is 
 three hundred pairs of shoes. 
 
 Samuel Cook, in 1875, commenced the small 
 factory at No. 613 Mount Vernon Street, making 
 infants' shoes only ; at the present time but five 
 workmen employed, making one hundred and 
 twenty-five to one hundred and fifty pairs of shoes 
 weekly. 
 
 Anderson Preserving Company, northwest 
 corner Front and Arch Streets. — This company 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 537 
 
 owns a large establishment occupying one hundred 
 and twenty feet on Front Street by two hundred 
 and sixty feet on Arch Street, and is located on the 
 site of a carriage factory which was built in 1835. 
 In 1880 Abraham Anderson bought the site, and 
 in 1881 William G. Knowles was admitted as a 
 partner. As the firm of Knowles & Anderson 
 they began the erection of the present factory and 
 placed in position the necessary machinery, 
 engines, boilers, etc., for the canning of fruits, 
 vegetables, preserves and jellies. In 1885 Wm. 
 G. Knowles withdrew from the firm, and on June 
 1st of that year the Anderson Preserving Company 
 was incorporated, with Abraham Anderson as 
 president, John S. Cox as secretary and treasurer 
 and L. W. Goldy general manager. Under this 
 management the same line of goods are produced 
 in large quantities to meet the demand. Three 
 large eighty horse-power boilers and two engines, 
 one of twenty the other of five horse-power, are 
 used in the different departments for canning, 
 preserving and running the machinery. At present 
 thirty hands are employed. During the canning 
 season, which lasts from June to November, from 
 three hundred to six hundred hands are employed. 
 
 Joseph Campbell & Co. own a canning manu- 
 factory at Nos. 39 and 41 North Second Street. 
 For several years previous to 1876 the Anderson 
 Canning Company, which was afterwards known 
 as Anderson and Campbell, carried on the business 
 of canning at this location. In 1876 Joseph 
 Campbell bought the factory and continued the 
 canning of fruits and vegetables and added the 
 jelly and preserving business. In 1882 Joseph 
 Campbell, Arthur Dorrance, Walter S. Spaokman, 
 and Joseph S. Campbell formed a co-partnership 
 under the name of Joseph Campbell & Company 
 and fitted up the manufactory with new and im- 
 proved appliances for conducting a more extensive 
 business. A large brick building, fifty feet front 
 on Second Street and extending in depth the en- 
 tire square to Front Street, is occupied, in 
 which are the different apartments for canning, 
 preserving, storing, packing and shipping. The 
 motive-power to drive the necessary machinery of 
 these is derived from a fifty horse-power engine. 
 Twenty-five hands are constantly employed and 
 during the canning season employment is given to 
 three hundred hands. 
 
 The Camden Wall Paper Manufactory 
 at Coopers Point, with accompanying buildings 
 cover an area of five acres or an entire square. 
 For a number of years the Penn Harrow Manu- 
 facturing Company had their works here. In 
 1884 Francis T. Howell came into possession of the 
 
 property and at once placed in position mills, 
 presses, machinery and engines, necessary for the 
 manufacture of wall paper. There are six build- 
 ings used for the different departments. The mill 
 proper is three hundred by one hundred feet, with 
 an L extension one hundred by ninety feet. The 
 machinery comprises' one twelve-color printing 
 press, two grounding-machines, mills, mixers, com- 
 bined lathes, etc., which are run by two engines of 
 one hundred and ten horse-power. The depart- 
 ments are known as color-rooms, printing-rooms, 
 stock-rooms and the shipping department. Twenty 
 workmen are constantly employed. The manu- 
 factured paper has very wide and extensive sale. 
 The weekly production is twenty thousand pieces 
 of wall paper. The proprietor is now making ar- 
 rangements to increase the facilities of manufacture 
 by the addition of new presses and other improved 
 machines. The second floor of the main building 
 at present through its entire length is used as a 
 atock-room and contains a large and varied supply 
 of the manufactured paper ready for shipment. 
 The establishment is under the care of Robert A. 
 Edens as general manager. He is also the artist 
 in the coloring department. 
 
 The Feanklin Eag Carpet Company, No. 18 
 Market Street. — This business was established 
 by John Hunt in 1873, in St. John Street, for the 
 manufacture of the finer grades of rag-carpet, in- 
 cluding the Excelsior and Jersey Lily carpets. 
 The factory was afterward located at Fifth and 
 Eoydon Streets, then at No. 110 Federal Street, 
 and in the year 1886 the looms and machinery 
 were removed to the present location. The 
 trade in these carpets is a large one, but is princi- 
 pally local, being custom-work made for Camden 
 and Burlington Counties, in New Jersey. Special 
 orders are filled for customers in Pennsylvania, 
 Delaware and Maryland. 
 
 The American Dredging Company, incor- 
 porated under the laws of the State of Pennsyl- 
 vania, April 9, 1867, was the outcome from a co- 
 partnership then existing between A. B. Cooley, 
 Franklin B. Colton, John Somers and William 
 Somers, trading as A. B. Cooley & Co., and also 
 from a consolidation with the Delaware and 
 Schuylkill Dredging Company. During the time 
 of the co-partnership, about November, 1865, 
 a large area of real estate was purchased, since 
 which time a considerable amount more has been 
 added, until now the company owns forty acres of 
 land and wharf property, fronting on the River 
 Delaware, extending between the Pennsylvania 
 Railroad Company's property and Spruce Street, 
 and which has been greatly improved by filling in 
 
538 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 that part of it which was low land, and converting 
 stagnant pools, where chills and fever prevailed, 
 into property which is now available for building 
 purposes. Two large wharves have also been 
 built, and a large machine shop and a blacksmith 
 shop and other buildings have been erected on the 
 property, fitted out with appliances so complete 
 that now the company has every facility for build- 
 ing dredges, etc., and making such repairs to their 
 own plant as may, from time to time, be needed. 
 
 The company employ from seventy to one hun- 
 dred men in and around the works, and from one 
 hundred to one hundred and fifty men on the 
 dredges, tugs and scows, according as their busi- 
 ness is brisk or dull; 
 
 The company started with a capital of two hun- 
 dred thousand dollars, and, by certain legislation 
 passed since, it has been authorized to increase its 
 capital to one million dollars. The general office 
 of the company is at 234 Walnut Street, Philadel- 
 phia, and at the present time the officers are as 
 follows: Isaac Albertson, president; Floyd H. 
 White, treasurer and secretary. Directors, Isaac 
 Albertson, Beauveau Borie, Samuel Castner, Jr., 
 E. J. Heraty, Washington Jones, Jos. M. JSTaglee, 
 Alexander Purves and James Simpson, of Phil- 
 adelphia, and Henry E. Towne, of Stamford, 
 Conn. 
 
 Other manufactories which contributed to Cam- 
 den's prosperity, and which in one sense belong to 
 and are a part of the city, are treated of in the 
 chapter upon Stockton township, in which district 
 they are located. Among these are Schrack & Co.'s 
 varnish-works, the Fairview Brick- Works, the Pea 
 Shore Brick and Terra Cotta Works (owned by 
 Augustus Reeve), E. H. Comey's dye-works, the 
 Overbrook Mills, J. L. Cragin & Co.'s soap manu- 
 factory, the United States Chemical Co.'s Works 
 and the Atlantic Dye and Finishing Works. 
 
 CHAPTEE VIII. 
 
 The P08t-0ffl(!e— Market-Houses— The Eead Family— Insurance 
 Companies— The Gaslight Company— The Street Railway— The 
 Telephone- Building and Building Associations— Drug Interests 
 — OldMilitaiy Organizations— Cemeteries— The Tornado of 1878 
 —The Cyclone of 1880— Hotels. 
 
 Post-Office.— A post-office was established in 
 Camden in 1808, and was called the Coopers 
 Ferry Post-Office, and^ changed, in 1829, to the 
 Camden Post-Office. It was first located at the 
 foot of Cooper Street, where the Coopers had es- 
 tablished a ferry ; hence the name. The first post- 
 
 master was Benjamin B. Cooper, a cousin of Rich- 
 ard M. Cooper. He removed to Delaware town- 
 ship, where he planted extensive orchards and 
 built a distillery. His successor, as postmaster, 
 was Charles Cooper, appointed in 1806. Richard 
 M. Cooper, after president of the State 
 Bank of Camden, was appointed postmaster at the 
 Coopers Ferry Post-Office in 1810, and held the 
 office until 1829, when the name of the office was 
 changed to Camden. Richard M. Cooper owned 
 a store at the ferry, which for many years was in 
 charge of Nathan Davis, who was the acting post- 
 master, — not a very responsible position, if his 
 statement be correct, that " a segar-box was ample 
 to hold the mail of a day." 
 
 Isaac Toy was appointed iu 1829, under Presi- 
 dent Jackson, and held the office for nine years. 
 The office was in the bar-room of the hotel. Toy 
 then kept the ferry-house at the foot of Federal 
 Street. 
 
 Isaac Bullock became postmaster in 1838, and, 
 as he boarded at the hotel, the office remained 
 there until 1840, when James Elwell was ap- 
 pointed and kept the office in the Railroad Hotel, 
 which he conducted, at the foot of Bridge Avenue. 
 He was succeeded, in 1849, by Charles Bontemps, 
 who, owning the building southeast corner of Sec- 
 ond and Arch Streets, fitted it up in good style for 
 the purpose, thus giving the people a post-offloe, 
 for the first time, separate from other business pur- 
 suits. Bontemps resigned in 1852, before the ex- 
 piration of his term, and Jonathan Burr, a Demo- 
 crat, was appointed by a Whig administration, and 
 it came about in this way : When the Democrats 
 elected Franklin Pierce, in 1852, Bontemps knew 
 he had no chance of a reappointment, and pro- 
 posed to Mr. Burr thai, if the latter would pay him 
 fifty dollars for the fixtures, he would resign and 
 use his influence to secure Burr's appointment to 
 the place. The proposition was accepted, and 
 Mr. Burr was made postmaster, but held the posi- 
 tion four months only, for, soon after Mr. Pierce 
 was inaugurated, John Hanna was appointed and 
 Mr. Burr had the fixtures on his hands. Mr. 
 Hanna's sons — Samuel and William Hanna— man- 
 aged the office, which was removed to the old frame 
 building adjoining Parson's Hotel on the north, 
 and long used by Denny & Bender as a paint-shop. 
 Hanna held the office eight years, and until 1861, 
 when Samuel Andrews was appointed by Presi- 
 dent Lincoln. He removed the office to No. 214 
 Federal Street, one of the two-story bricks built 
 by Isaac Cole in 1834. Andrews, dying in 1863, 
 was succeeded by Captain Richard H. Lee, who 
 leased the Roberts building at the southeast cor- 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 539 
 
 ner of Third and Federal Streets, where he fitted 
 up an office much in advance of any that had pre- 
 ceded it, afterwards removing to the northwest cor- 
 ner of Third and Arch Streets, where it remained 
 until July 1, 1876, when he moved into the build- 
 ing now in use, built for the purpose by the late 
 John S. Read. Captain Lee was removed by Presi- 
 dent Johnson in October, 1866, and Colonel Tim- 
 othy 0. Moore appointed. The Senate, however, 
 refused to confirm Colonel Moore, and, in March, 
 1867, Captain Lee resumed the duties of the office, 
 holding the position until 1879, when Henry B. 
 Wilson was appointed. He served one term of 
 four years and was succeeded, in 1883, by William 
 T. Bailey, who, in 1885, was followed by Charles 
 Janney, the present incumbent. 
 
 The following list of names, with the dates of 
 appointment of postmasters since the time of the 
 establishment of the office, was furnished by the 
 Post- Office Department at Washington : 
 
 Post- Office at Coopers Ferry, Gloucester Co., N. J. 
 
 Benjamin B. Cooper, appointed January 1, 1803 ;' 
 Charles Cooper, appointed January 1, 1806 ; 
 Eichard M. Cooper, appointed April 13, 1810 ; 
 (changed to Camden, June 22, 1829). 
 
 Camden, N. J. {late Coopers Ferry). 
 
 Isaiah Toy, appointed June 22, 1829 ; Isaac Bul- 
 lock, appointed May 24, 1838; James Elwell, ap- 
 pointed July 2, 1840 ; Charles Bontemps, appointed 
 April 21, 1849; Jonathan Burr, appointed Decem- 
 ber 17, 1852 ; John Hanna, appointed April 6, 
 1853 ; Samuel Andrews, appointed April 5,1861; 
 Eichard H. Lee, appointed May 18, 1867; Timothy 
 C. Moore, appointed October 12, 1866 ; Eichard 
 H. Lee, appointed May 18, 1867 ; Henry B. Wilson, 
 appointed February 22, 1879 ; William T. Bailey, 
 appointed March 2, 1883 ; Charles Janney, ap- 
 pointed April 23, 1885. 
 
 Of the above, there are now living Jonathan 
 Burr, for thirty years secretary of the Camden 
 Fire Insurance Company, from which he volun- 
 tarily resigned a few years since ; Eichard H. Lee, 
 until recently in the Philadelphia Custom House ; 
 Timothy C. Moore, residing in Milwaukee ; Henry 
 B. Wilson, coal dealer at Kaighus Point ; William 
 T. Bailey, in the real estate business in Camden ; 
 and Charles Janney, present incumbent. 
 
 William Abies, appointed in 1879, was the first 
 assistant postmaster. He resigned in 1882 to ac- 
 cept the position of post-office inspector, and Jesse 
 
 ^ The date of the establishment of the office canaot be definitely 
 ascertained ; therefore, the date of the commencement of the ac- 
 count with the United States Post-Oifice is given. 
 
 K. Mines was appointed in his place and served 
 until 1885, when Frank L. Vinton, present incum- 
 bent, was appointed. 
 
 The first clerk, called for by the business of the 
 office, was Eichardson Smith, in 1861, who, in 
 1864, resigned to accept the position of mail agent, 
 and was succeeded by Jehu Evans, Charles Wat- 
 son and, in 1867, by Eobert B. McCowan, who 
 was retained until 1885, when William Hauble 
 was appointed. 
 
 The first regular letter-carrying was in 1852, 
 when Samuel Jenkins delivered letters, receiving 
 two cents as recompense. To increase his gains, he 
 placed tin boxes at convenient locations for the re- 
 ception of letters to be passed through the post- 
 office. He was not the first carrier, however. As 
 early as 1840, when James Elwell kept the office 
 at the foot of Bridge Avenue, so far from where 
 people lived. Lawyer JefFers, to save labor and in- 
 sure rapid receipt of mail matter, engaged Alfred, 
 son of the postmaster, to bring him his letters as 
 soon as they arrived, and others following his exam- 
 ple, the lad made a snug sum for pocket-money. 
 
 In 1863 the free delivery system was established 
 and abolished the year following, and again estab- 
 lished in 1873. The number of carriers employed 
 in successive years have been as follows: 1851, 
 one ; 1861, two ; 1863, three ; 1873, six ; 1880, eight ; 
 1883, nine; 1884, eleven; 1886, thirteen. Their 
 salary in 1863 was six hundred dollars per year, 
 and in 1886 eight hundred dollars per year. In 
 1863 there were two deliveries and two collections 
 daily ; in 1886, in some portions of the city, four, 
 and, in all but remote points, three deliveries and 
 three collections daily. 
 
 For the year ending July 1, 1886, the carriers 
 delivered 2,218,243 and collected 907,955 pieces of 
 mail matter. The sale of stamps at the office ag- 
 gregates in value $28,430 ; the registered letters 
 received numbered 6377 ; sent, 4482. 
 
 The following-named persons have been the 
 letter-carriers : 
 
 18Y6. Charles S. Wilkinson. 
 1876. George Tj. Simpson. 
 
 1880. Howard M. Kemble. 
 Jesse K. Mines. 
 
 1881. William S. Pettit. 
 J. Kelly Brown. 
 Albert F. Mattocks. 
 
 1882. Herman Rosade. 
 
 1883. Charles Fowler. 
 J. Oscar Nichuals. 
 L. F. De La Croix. 
 
 William C. Johnson. 
 
 1852. Samuel Jenkins. 
 
 Peter Bleyler. 
 1861. Jehu E. Smith. 
 
 Robert Patton. 
 
 1863. Benjamin M. Braker. 
 
 1864. Charles Parker. 
 1867. Howard Lee. 
 
 1873. Arthur Stanley. 
 William G. Dorman. 
 John 0. Olopper. 
 William S. Darr. 
 
 1874. Thomas M. K. Lee. 
 
 Those serving the longest terms were Jehu E. 
 Smith, 22 years ; Charles Parker, 21 years ; John C. 
 Clopper, 13 years ; and Wm. G. Dorman, 12 years. 
 
540 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Market- Houses. — There was never a curb- 
 stone market in Camden, — a market where the 
 producer could back his wagon against the curb- 
 stone and sell direct to the consumer. The first 
 conception of a market-place was, probably, when 
 Jacob Cooper laid out the town of Camden, in 
 1773, and dedicated extra space for public use at 
 the intersection of Third and Market Streets. 
 James Kaighn dying in 1811, seized of the land 
 lying between Kaighn Avenue and Line Street, 
 his brother, Joseph Kaighn, owning the land 
 south of Kaighn Avenue, having charge of the 
 matter, in laying out Kaighnton, widened Kaighn 
 Avenue, then called Market Street, to a width of 
 one hundred and thirty feet between Second and 
 Third Street that there might be room for market- 
 sheds in the centre. His idea was not realized, 
 and, in 1874, the City Council passed an ordinance 
 making the street of <:4, uniform width of sixty-six 
 feet between the curbs. 
 
 In the recorded proceedings of a town-meeting 
 held in the City Hall, March 13, 1837, appears 
 this minute: "On motion of Richard Fetters it 
 was ordered that Council construct a market at the 
 intersection of Third and Market, containing eight 
 stalls, to be paid for out of the present funds of 
 the City." From the treasurer's statement, made 
 at that meeting, the fund on hand, after deduct- 
 ing $42.48, due the Camden Bank, was $159.20, 
 and this was the amount intended to be expended 
 for the purpose. The next item found in the 
 records, relating to the market, is in the proceed- 
 ings of City Council, September 30, 1837, when 
 " Richard Fetters, Robert W. Ogden and John W. 
 Mickle were appointed a committee to build a 
 market-house on Third Street south of Market 
 Street, to be roofed with shingles." 
 
 Three months later the enterprise seems to have 
 been accomplished, and Camden's first market- 
 house was ready for use December 28, 1837. At a 
 meeting of Council, held at the house of William 
 S. Paul, these bills were ordered paid : 
 
 " For iron pipe for posts $72.00 
 
 Porterage 1.56 
 
 Captain Mickle's bill for lumber 155.97J^ 
 
 James Gahan'a bill, work on market 13.33J^ 
 
 Achilles Bette' bill, work on market 2.25 " 
 
 These amount to $245.12, and as nothing further 
 appears concerning the matter, the presumption is 
 that this was the total cost. This was Camden's 
 first and only market-house until 1856, when, 
 March 28th, City Council passed an ordinance 
 providing for the erection of a market-house on 
 Third Street, between Arch and Federal Streets. 
 This was done the same year, at a cost of one 
 
 thousand eight hundred dollars, and the structure 
 was used for this purpose until 1876, when it was 
 removed. In the mean time several schemes for 
 building market-houses were projected. In 1855 
 Richard Fetters, John Troth, Richard W. Howell, 
 Samuel Andrews, Maurice Browning, William J. 
 Hatch and Abraham S. Ackley procured a charter 
 for the Camden Market Company, but failed to com- 
 plete the organization, and in 1856 the Washington 
 Market Company was incorporated, with John S. 
 Read, Ralph Lee, James M. Cassady, Isaac W. 
 Mickle, Lewis Seal, Matthew Miller, John Ross, 
 John K. Oowperthwaite, Henry Fredericks, Joseph 
 T. Rowand and William P. Tatem as the company. 
 The design was to build a market-house on the 
 west side of Third Street, between Arch and Fed- 
 eral; the structure to be about one hundred feet 
 square, but the erection of the market-sheds on 
 Third Street, by the city, caused the company to 
 abandon the project. In 1874 John S. Read, 
 Jonathan Burr, William P. Tatem, Randal E. 
 Morgan and Edmund E. Read were incorporated 
 as the Farmers' Market Company, with a capital 
 of one hundred thousand dollars, but the enter- 
 prise failed to mature. 
 
 The next attempt in this line, however, was more 
 successful. Thos. A. Wilson, Rudolphus Bingham, 
 Abraham Rapp, James W. Wroth and Charles 
 Stockham, as the Farmers' and Butchers' Market 
 Company, in 1877, constructed a large building of 
 brick, one hundred and fifty by one hundred and 
 seventy feet on Bridge Avenue and West Street, 
 extending to Mickle Street. It was intended for 
 a wholesale and retail market, but did not prosper, 
 for the reason that, with Philadelphia so near, the 
 wholesale trade could not be gained, and the loca- 
 tion was unsuited for retailing. It was used as a 
 market-house for two years, when it was fitted up 
 for theatrical purposes, with a capacity for seat- 
 ing a thousand persons, and was subsequently se- 
 cured by the Sixth Regiment National Guards and 
 fitted up as an armory. 
 
 In 1878 John 8. Read and Wm. S. Scull built 
 the Federal Street Market, on Federal Street above 
 Fourth, on the site of the old City Hall, construct- 
 ed in 1828. This is now the only building in the 
 city used exclusively as a market-house. It is well 
 adapted to the purpose and the market is well pat- 
 ronized. 
 
 THE EEAD FAMILY. 
 
 David Read, the ancestor of the Read family of 
 Camden, was a son of Joseph Read, who died at his 
 home in Greenwich, Gloucester County, N. J., Nov. 
 12, 1755, and his remains were interred in the 
 Presbyterian bury ing-ground in that town. He was 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 541 
 
 born at Greenwich, and while yet a young man, at 
 the outbreak of the Revolution enlisted in the 
 army under General Washington and remained in 
 the military service during the entire period of 
 that war, participating in the campaigns of New 
 Jersey, the battle of Brandywine, and during the 
 last year of that struggle for independence was 
 transferred with his regiment to the Army of the 
 South, under General Lincoln, in order to impede 
 the progress of the invading British, who had 
 transferred the seat of war to the Southern States. 
 At the close of the war, when David Read and his 
 comrades were discharged and paid off in Conti- 
 nental money, three of them, of whom he was one, 
 went to the wharf at Charleston, S. C, in order to 
 secure passage on a sailing-vessel for Philadelphia. 
 Their money being comparatively worthless on 
 account of its depreciation in value, the captain of 
 the vessel would take them only on consideration 
 that they would pay the amount of passage money 
 by working, which they accordingly agreed to do. 
 Upon sailing around Cape Hatteras, well-known 
 as a dangerous place to mariners, the vessel was 
 foundered and every soul on board was drowned 
 except David Read and his two soldier companions, 
 who clung to a broken spar and after being forty- 
 eight hours in that perilous position were eventu- 
 ally drifted to the shore and landed on the coast 
 amid the darkness of night. They were nearly 
 exhausted for the want of food and drink. Seeing 
 a light a distance from them along the shore, they 
 began to wend their way thither in hopes of meet- 
 ing some one who would assist them in their dis- 
 tress. The feet of one of the comrades trod upon 
 a bottle which, upon examination, was thought to 
 be Jamaica rum. The two companions drank of 
 it to excess, against the protest of David Read, who 
 feared dangerous results, on account of their being 
 so long deprived of food. The draught proved 
 fatal to them, and the war-scarred veterans for 
 fifteen minutes struggled for their lives and then 
 died near the stormy shores of Cape Hatteras. 
 David Read continued onward, and the place 
 toward which they were going proved to be a 
 light-house. Upon arriving at it he was tenderly 
 cared for by the occupants, and given food to 
 revive his enfeebled condition. He then, in com- 
 pany with others, returned and buried the remains 
 of his unfortunate comrades at the place where 
 they had taken the fatal draught. David Read 
 soon thereafter returned to Charleston, where 
 money was given him by some patriotic persons, 
 and he set sail for Philadelphia. Upon arriving 
 here he returned to Greenwich, where he married 
 Rachel Peck, and the records of the Presbyterian 
 65 
 
 Church of Greenwich show that of the children 
 of this union, David, James and Joel were bap- 
 tized there. Toward the latter part of the last 
 century he moved with his family to Camden 
 when it was but a small village, and engaged in the 
 pork business and sausage-making for the city 
 trade. His place of business was on Plum Street 
 (now Arch), below Third, where he continued his 
 occupation and died in 1842, at the advanced age 
 of eighty-four years, five months and sixteen days 
 being probably the last representative in Camden 
 County of the soldiers of the Revolutionary War. 
 He ever delighted to narrate to his children and 
 grandchildren the perilous scenes and incidents in 
 which he was a participant during that historic 
 period. His remains were interred in the Newton 
 burying-ground. 
 
 Joel Read, his third son, was born in 1786. He 
 was baptized at Greenwich, July 8, 1787, and at 
 the opening of the second war with Great Britain, 
 in 1812, imbued with the patriotism of his father, 
 and following his precedent, he joined a military 
 company known as the Jersey Blues and during 
 that war was stationed with his regiment at Bil- 
 lingsport, along the Delaware River in Gloucester, 
 opposite Fort Mifflin. In 1812 he married Mary 
 Jones, a member of a prominent family of the 
 Society of Friends, and a descendant of the 
 Thackaras, who were influential people in the 
 early annals of New Jersey. By this union were 
 born six children, — Charlotte, Joseph J., Rachel, 
 William Thackara, John S. and Edmund E. 
 
 Joel Read was a brush-maker by trade. He 
 followed his occupation for a few years in Camden 
 and then moved to Philadelphia, where he con- 
 tinued in it with success. Later in life he re- 
 turned to Camden and lived on Plum Street, but 
 after the death of his wife he lived in Penn Street 
 with his daughter Charlotte. 
 
 Joseph J. Read, the eldest son of Joel and Mary 
 Bead, was born in Camden, on Arch Street west 
 of Second Street, March 24, 1815, and when eight 
 years old moved with his parents to the district of 
 Southwark, and immediately thereafter was em- 
 ployed at Jasper Harding's printing-office in Phil- 
 adelphia, at one dollar a week, continuing there 
 two years. He was next hired at one and a half 
 dollars per week with Thomas Watson to work in 
 a biscuit and cracker bakery. The foreman 
 treated him harshly and, unknown to his mother, 
 he left his position with one week's wages, and with 
 characteristic ingenuity invested it in buttons, tape, 
 needles and pins, and before noon of that day had 
 disposed of all his goods at a profit of fifty cents. 
 With the two dollars of capital now at command he 
 
542 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 invested again in the afternoon and cleared in all 
 one dollar and twenty-five cents the first day of his 
 mercantile career. At the end of a week he cleared 
 ten dollars. By the middle of the succeeding week 
 his capital was increased to twenty dollars and 
 with it he purchased gilt buttons and in one day 
 disposed of them at a gain of fifty per cent., his 
 amount of cash being then increased to thirty 
 dollars. Two weeks having now expired since he 
 left his employer in the bakery, his mother, 
 who was a woman of noble bearing and excellent 
 moral traits, asked for his wages. To her astonish- 
 ment, he pulled out his thirty dollars in gold and 
 silver and handed it to her. She, fearing he would 
 get into bad company, took the money and secured 
 for him a place on a farm in Burlington County, 
 N. J. He again was under an employer who did 
 not treat him well, and at the expiration of two 
 years, of his own accord, he returned to his home in 
 Philadelphia, and at his own expressed wish was 
 secured a position to go to sea at a salary of six 
 dollars per month. One month's wages was paid 
 in advance, half of which was given to his mother 
 and with the other three dollars he purchased 
 manufactured tobacco and took it on board the 
 vessel, which was bound for Cuba. He there 
 traded his tobacco for a barrel of molasses, which 
 failed to be placed on the manifest, and when the 
 vessel returned to Philadelphia it of necessity went 
 with the general cargo, and the ingenious young 
 trader lost all of his available assets except the 
 two months' wages which were given to his mother. 
 His desire then to learn the trade of a cooper was 
 gratified, and he was bound as an apprentice for 
 the term of six years with a man who proved to 
 be a hard master. On one occasion, when under 
 the influence of liquor, he beat young Read so 
 badly that he afterwards gave him fifty cents to go 
 up to Independence Hall to see a new bell placed 
 on it. This present was granted in order to in- 
 duce the boy not to tell his mother of the ill-treat- 
 ment. Joseph Read accepted the fifty cents, board- 
 ed a sloop, upon which he worked his passage to 
 Bordentown, walked from thence to New Bruns- 
 wick, where he secured a passage on a sailing-ves- 
 sel and arrived in New York with his fifty cents, 
 but did not know any one in that city. He soon 
 secured employment at the cooper's trade with a 
 firm that discontinued business after he was with 
 them two years and he finished his trade with 
 another party in the same city. At the age of 
 twenty-one yearr- he returned to Philadelphia for 
 one year and then went back to New York, where 
 he became foreman of a large cooper-shop, serving 
 for one year, when he went to Brooklyn and for 
 
 three years was manager of a large oil manufac- 
 tory. While there, in 1837, he joined the First 
 Baptist Church of that city, under the pastorate of 
 Rev. Ilsley. In 1840 he returned to Philadelphia, 
 and with a cash account of two hundred dollars 
 and one thousand dollars of borrowed money, em- 
 barked in the coopering business on Penn Street, 
 and the first year cleared five hundred dollars, but 
 the next year lost all he had, including the bor- 
 rowed money. He then lived over this cooper- 
 shop for nine years. By business sagacity and 
 characteristic energy he secured credit and soon 
 made up the amount of the losses, returned the 
 borrowed money, erected a fine dwelling-house in 
 1851, costing ten thousand dollars, on Pine Street, 
 lived in it ten years, until 1861, when he moved to 
 Camden. In the mean time, while living in Phil- 
 adelphia, he purchased and owned all the prop- 
 erty from Penn Street to Delaware Avenue and 
 other property adjoining his cooper-shop on the 
 north side. 
 
 In 1861 Mr. Read moved his family to Camden, 
 his native place, continuing his business in Phila- 
 delphia until 1864, when he retired. Meeting 
 with some losses the next year, in order to retrieve 
 them, he re-embarked in his former business at the 
 same place in Philadelphia, and continued thus 
 successfully engaged until 1867. He then perma- 
 nently retired from the coopering business, which 
 he had successfully carried on for a period of 
 thirty-one years. He has since been engaged as 
 a broker and general real estate agent and now 
 owns a large amount of real estate in Philadel- 
 phia, Camden and Atlantic City. He is an excel- 
 lent judge of values and a careful and judicious 
 business man. 
 
 Since 1837 Mr. Read has been a member of the 
 Baptist Church and is now connected with the 
 First Baptist Church of Camden. He is a mem- 
 ber of Integrity Lodge, A. Y. M., No. 187, of 
 Philadelphia, since 1846, and a member of Veteran 
 Lodge of the same city. 
 
 Mr. Read was married, in 1840, to Cecelia, daugh- 
 ter of John R. Rue, a Frenchman, born in the town 
 of Nancy. Mrs. Read, who died in 1878, was a wo- 
 man of noble Christian virtues, an earnest worker 
 in the church and greatly devoted to the interests 
 of charity, a good wife and a good mother. By this 
 marriage were born seven children, — Mary, mar- 
 ried Joseph L. Bush, of Newport, Rhode Island, 
 where they now live ; John R. Read, Esq., a law- 
 yer of Philadelphia ; Cecelia, married to Abraham 
 C. Tallman, now deceased; Annie, married to Wil- 
 liam B. Knowles, of Philadelphia, now deceased ; 
 Katie, married to Edwin B. Powell, of Brooklyn, 
 
Ii::^^^^^^^. ^ //ean 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 543 
 
 N. Y. ; Emily, who died at the age of two years ; 
 and Joseph F. P. Read, now a real estate broker 
 of Camden. 
 
 Mr. Read was married a second time, in 1881, 
 to Elizabeth M. (Etris) Schellenger, of Camden, 
 widow of the late Captain Henry Schellenger. 
 
 John S. Read, the third son and fifth child of 
 Joel and Mary Read, was born March 11, 1822, in 
 the old district of Southwark, Philadelphia. At 
 the age of fourteen years he became an apprentice 
 of Charles F. Mansfield, in his wall-paper store, at 
 275 South Second Street, Philadelphia, and re- 
 mained in that position until the age of twenty- 
 one years, during which time he was industrious, 
 energetic and economical, traits which character- 
 ized him through life. Soon after attaining his 
 majority he began business for himself on Second 
 Street, Philadelphia, between South and Lombard, 
 where he continued in the wall-paper business 
 several years, and then removed his store to the 
 northeast corner of Second and Lombard Streets. 
 He remained there until 1846. About this time 
 Camden received a new impetus to its growth, and 
 Mr. Read removed to Camden, having previously 
 associated with him in business his brother, Ed- 
 mund E. Read, as the firm of Read & Brother, 
 who for a time continued their store in Philadel- 
 phia, and erected buildings on Arch Street, Cam- 
 den, though they conducted business mainly at 3d 
 and Federal. Here they also conducted an exten- 
 sive and prosperous business until his death, and 
 which is still continued by his brother Edmund. 
 
 John S. Read was called upon to fill a large 
 number of positions of trust and responsibility. 
 For twenty-five years he served as director and 
 treasurer of the Camden Fire Insurance Associa- 
 tion ; was one of the directors of the First National 
 Bank of Camden ; was one of the projectors of 
 the Camden Building and Loan Association, the 
 first in the city, and was subsequently treasurer 
 of several other building associations; at the 
 time of his death he was one of the commis- 
 sioners of the Morris Plains Insane Asylum of 
 New Jersey, and a State director of the Camden 
 and Amboy Railroad Company, appointed by the 
 Legislature. In 1870 he was elected a member of 
 the City Council, and took an active part in the 
 deliberations of that body ; was re-elected in 1873 
 and made president of City Council. While a 
 member of Council he was greatly instrumental 
 in securing the purchase of the water-works by the 
 city authorities, and also obtained the passage of 
 an ordinance for the system of culverts now in use 
 in Camden ; served for several years as a member 
 of the Board of Education, and was chosen its 
 
 president. With his brother, Edmund E., he built 
 Read's Hall, at the corner of Third and Federal 
 Streets ; with William S. Scull he built the Mar- 
 ket House, on Federal Street ; and with Jonathan 
 Burr, built the row of stores and dwellings on 
 Federal street, above Fifth. He also erected and 
 owned the Camden post-oflice building. 
 
 In politics Mr. Read was originally an Old-Line 
 Whig, in the days of that party, and afterwards be- 
 came an ardent supporter of the prin ciples of the Re- 
 publican party, taking an active interest in the 
 administration of public affairs. He was a mem- 
 ber of Camden Lodge, No. 15, A. F. and A. M., and 
 Royal Arch Chapter, No. 91, of Philadelphia. 
 
 With the hope of recruiting his failiiig health, 
 he went to Stroudsburg, Monroe County, Pennsyl- 
 vania, and died there August 6, 1882, at the age of 
 sixty years. His remains were interred in the 
 Colestown Cemetery, in this county. He was 
 highly honored and respected for his many virtues 
 and recognized as a man of fine executive and 
 administrative abilities. 
 
 Mr. Read was twice married. By his first mar- 
 riage, with Margaret Mason, who died early in 
 life, he had two children : Elizabeth M. Read, 
 married to John Campbell, of Camden (they have 
 two children, John and Mamie) ; William T. Read, 
 married to Lucretia McCormick, and have one 
 child, William. 
 
 By his second marriage, with Harriet Peak, of 
 Camden, he had one child, Edmund E. Bead, Jr. 
 a member of the Camden County bar, who, on 
 December 27, 1882, was married to Margaret Mul- 
 ford. They have one child, John S. Read. 
 
 Edmund E. Read was born in Southwark, now 
 the consolidated part of Philadelphia, April 19, 
 1824. He first attended a public school, for many 
 years taught by Mr. Watson, on Catharine Street, 
 Philadelphia, in a building which is still standing. 
 He was next sent to a school taught by Mr. 
 Crozer, on Third Street, below Catharine. At the 
 age of fourteen years he became a clerk in a gro- 
 cery store on the corner of Second and Christian 
 Streets; but, after remaining there six months, was 
 given a position on the United States Coast Sur- 
 vey, under Engineer Warner, and was nine 
 months located in the State of Connecticut. Re- 
 turning home, he attended a school under the 
 instruction of James Crowell, in Philadelphia, six 
 months, and began to learn the cooper trade 
 in the same city, which he finished under his elder 
 brother, Joseph J., with whom he remained five 
 years. At the expiration of this time he went to 
 the island of Cuba and was placed in charge of the 
 cooperage establishment on a large sugar ^lanta- 
 
544 
 
 HISTOKY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEESEY. 
 
 tion, and there, during four years' assiduous labor 
 and strict economy, laid the foundation for his fu- 
 ture prosperous business career. Upon returning 
 home, at the time of the sickness of his brother, John 
 S. Eead, he was induced to take charge of his 
 paper-store, and soon thereafter became associated 
 with him in business, under the iirm-name of Read 
 & Brother, on the corner of Second and Lom- 
 bard Streets, Philadelphia. 
 
 In 1855 Edmund E. Read removed to Camden, 
 retaining his interest in the Philadelphia store, and, 
 together with his brother, opened a store on Arch 
 Street, Camden, and later they built the large store 
 building, on the corner of Third and Federal Streets 
 known as Read's Hall, and also the large store- 
 building on the corner of Third and Arch Streets, 
 occupied then and to this date by Dr. De LaCour as 
 a drug-store. In the Federal Street store Mr. Read 
 has done a large and prosperous business, and 
 since his residence in Camden, has been identified 
 with nearly every interest which has added to the 
 material growth and prosperity of the city. His 
 brother, with whom he was so long and success- 
 fully associated in business, died in 1882, and the 
 firm is now Read & Smith. 
 
 The business success and executive ability of 
 Mr. Read is shown from the number of responsible 
 positions to which he has been chosen by various 
 corporations and associations. He is now a direc- 
 tor of the Camden and Atlantic Railroad, of the 
 Marlton and Medford Railroad, of the First Na- 
 tional Bank of Camden, of the Camden Fire In- 
 surance Association and treasurer of the same, of 
 the Sea View Hotel Company of Atlantic City, and 
 of the Coopers Point and Philadelphia Ferry Co. 
 He has served as a member of the City Council, 
 a member of the County Board of Freeholders and 
 State Prison director. Since the organization of 
 building and loan associations in Camden he has 
 been a director in a number of them, and, up to 
 the present time, he is a member of Camden 
 Lodge, No. 15, Free and accepted Masons, 
 Sylome Chapter, No. 19, and Cyrene Commandery 
 of Camden. He has been an active worker in the 
 c,hurch, was a member of the building committee, 
 and, for many years, a trustee, of the First Baptist 
 Church of Camden, and later a trustee in the 
 Trinity Baptist Church, of which he and his 
 family are now members. 
 
 Mr. Read was married, in August, 1844, to Anna 
 Peak, daughter of Thomas and Abigail Peak, of 
 Camden. They have four children,— Harriet P. 
 Read, John S. Read, Jr. (who died an infant), 
 Sallie L. Read (who is married to Harry L. Jones 
 of Camden, and they have one child, Mary Read 
 
 Jones), and Anna P. Read, the youngest daugh- 
 ter. 
 
 The Camden Insueastce Company was char- 
 tered by the Legislature March 16, 1832. The 
 capital stock was fixed at fifty thousand dollars, 
 with the privilege of increasing it to one hundred 
 thousand dollars. The shares were twenty-five dol- 
 lars each. The persons named in the charter who 
 became the first directors of the company were 
 Joseph W. Cooper, Robert W. Ogden, Richard 
 Fetters, Thomas Lee, Jr., Nathan Davis, Morris 
 Croxall, Isaiah Toy, John K. Cowperthwaite, Jo- 
 seph Kaighn, Ebenezer Toole, Jeremiah H. Sloan, 
 John W. Mickle and Isaac Smith. This company 
 continued to exist for several years with varied 
 success. The management of it eventually passed 
 into new hands, and on March 2, 1849, Abraham 
 Browning, Thomas H. Dudley and Isaiah Toy 
 were, by an act of the Legislature, created trustees 
 to settle the aflairs of the company. 
 
 The Camden Fike Insurance Association 
 was incorporated by an act of the State Legisla- 
 ture approved March 12, 1841, as the " Camden 
 Mutual Insurance Association." The incorpora- 
 tors, who also, under the same act, were constituted 
 the first directors of the company, were Gideon V. 
 Stivers, Isaac Cole, Richard Fetters, Ebenezer 
 Toole, Nathan Davis, Charles S. Garrett, Joab 
 Scull, John Knisell, Edward Daugherty, Thomas 
 Peak, Charles Bontemps, Richard Thomas and 
 John K, Cowperthwaite. This company began 
 business under the most favorable auspices, and 
 ever since its origin, has prospered even beyond 
 the expectation of its originators. Its plan of 
 promptly paying losses gave it a prestige and pop- 
 ularity which it has since continually maintained. 
 The directors of this company in 1868 were Wil- 
 liam P. Tatem, Jonathan Burr, Samuel H. Morton, 
 Christopher J. Mines, Ralph Lee, John S. Read, 
 Henry B. Wilson, Charles Wilson, Josiah D. 
 Rogers, James H. Stevens, Clayton Truax, Jesse 
 E. Huston and Thomas A. Wilson. 
 
 The association did business on the mutual plan 
 until July 1, 1870, and afterwards on the stock 
 plan. The amount of premiums received since or- 
 ganization is 1227,470; losses paid, $35,599; the 
 amount of insurance in force now is $3,050,538; 
 and the amount of losses paid during the past year, 
 $1910.34. Business is done principally in West 
 and South Jersey. 
 
 The officers from the organization to the present 
 have been as follows : 
 
 Pi'efiid&ita. 
 Isaac Cole, 1841 to 1849. Richard Fetters, 1849 to 1853. 
 
 Edward Daugherty, 1863 to 1859. WiUiam P. Tatam, 1869 to 1871. 
 Henry B. Wilson, 1871 to date. 
 
"^^ 
 
 / 7 9^ 
 
 I ^<::2ifes::^ 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 545 
 
 Vice-President.. 
 Jonathan Burr, 1885 to date (created in 1885). 
 Secretariea. 
 J. K. Cowperthwaite, 1841 to 1853. Jonathan Bun-, 1853 to 1885. 
 Bud. W. BirdHell, 1885 to date. 
 
 Treasurers. 
 Nathan Davis, 1841 to 1853. 
 Charles Pine, 1861 to 1862. 
 Edmund E. Read, 1882 to date. 
 
 John S. Read, 1853 to 1861. 
 John R. Read, 1862 to 1882. 
 
 Gideon V. Stivers, 1841 to 1853. Josiah D. Rogers, 1853 to 1861. 
 Samuel H. Morton, 1861 to 1870. Charles "Wilson, 1870 to 1872. 
 Chris. J. Mines, 1872 to date. 
 
 Directors. — Following is au alphabetical list 
 of those who have served as directors : 
 
 Thomas B. Atkinson. 
 Adam Angel. 
 Charles Bontemps. ■ 
 William W. Bozorth. 
 Joseph C, Burroughs. 
 Jonathan Burr. 
 Riley Barrett. 
 Benjamin M. Braker. 
 John Burr. 
 Frank J. Burr. 
 Rudolph W.Birdsell. 
 Isaac Cole, 
 
 John K. Cowperti?"waite. 
 Richard C. Cake. 
 Daniel S. Carter. 
 Henry Curts. 
 Jacoh a. Collinga. 
 Benjamin S. Carter. 
 John Carter. 
 
 Samuel S. S. Cowperthwait. 
 John Campbell, Jr. 
 Nathan Da^'is. 
 Edward Daugherty. 
 Richard Fetters. 
 Henry Fredericks. 
 Charles S. Garrett. 
 Philip J. Grey. 
 George W. Gilbert. 
 Benjamin A. Hamell. 
 Jesse E. Huston. 
 John Knisell. 
 Ralph Lee. 
 
 The present officers are as follows : 
 
 President. 
 Henry B. Wilson. 
 
 Secretary. 
 
 Jonathan Burr. 
 
 Asaislant Secretary. 
 
 Rudolph W. Birdeell. 
 
 Treasurei'. 
 
 Edmund E. Read. 
 
 Surveyor. 
 
 Christopher J. Mines. 
 
 Directors, 
 
 Isaac S. Mulford. 
 Samuel H, Morton. 
 William B. Mulford. 
 Christopher J. Mines. 
 Jehu Osier. 
 Thomas Peak. 
 Walter Patton. 
 Charles Pine. 
 Caleb Roberts. 
 John Ross. 
 John S. Read. 
 Josiah D. Rogers. 
 Edmund E. Read. 
 Edmund E. Read, Jr. 
 Gideon V. Stivera. 
 Robert W.Smith. 
 John Sands. 
 Jacob W. Sharp. 
 Jesse Smith. 
 Daniel S. Schriner. 
 Joab Scull. 
 William S. Scull. 
 James H. Stevens. 
 William P. Tatem. 
 Richard Thomas. 
 Samuel Thompson. 
 Clayton Truax. 
 William Wannan. 
 Richard J. Ward. 
 Henry B. Wilson. 
 Charles Wilson. 
 Thomas A. Wilson. 
 
 William P. Tatem. 
 Henry B. Wilson. 
 Christopher J. Mines. 
 Edmund E. Read. 
 Edmund E. Read, Jr. 
 John Burr. 
 William W. Bozorth, 
 
 Frank J. Burr, 
 Josiah D. Rogers. 
 William S. Scull. 
 Charles Wilson. 
 George W. Gilbei-t. 
 Jonathan Burr. 
 
 Camden Gas-Light Company. — The works 
 owned by this company, as originally laid out and 
 built, were small, little or no provision being made 
 for exipansion of business. The manufacturing, 
 purification and storage facilities have been en- 
 tirely changed by the erection of a new retort- 
 house, new purifying and scrubber-house, station 
 meter-house, larger holders for storage, etc. Thir- 
 ty-seven miles of pipes for distribution have been 
 laid, and, in a word, renewing and enlarging have 
 been carried on until but a vestige of the old works 
 remains. 
 
 The present works, when completed, will have a 
 capacity of two hundred million cubic feet an- 
 nually. 
 
 The city is now paying less than one dollar per 
 thousand feet for lighting the streets, the consum- 
 ers having a graduated scale of prices from $1.50 
 to $1.70 per thousand cubic feet, with an average 
 power of seventeen candles. 
 
 Following are the names of the officers and 
 directors of the company from 1868 to 1886: 
 
 PRESIDENTS. 
 
 1868-71. *Joseph W. Cooper. 1874^-81. *Je83e W. Starr. 
 
 1871-74. *Wm. D. Cooper. 1881. Benjamin F. Archer. 
 
 DIRECTORS. 
 
 1868-72. *Joaeph W. Cooper, *Je88e W. Starr, *Wm. D. Cooper, 
 Wm. Stiles and Wistar Morris. 
 
 1872-74. *Wm. D. Cooper, *JeBse W. Starr, Wm. Stiles, Benj. F. 
 Archer and *Charle8 Wheeler. 
 
 1874-75. *Wm. D. Cooper, *Jesae W. Starr, Benj. P. Archer and 
 ♦Charles Wheeler. 
 
 1875-81. Jesse W. Starr, *Charle8 Wheeler, Benj. F. Archer, 
 *Jesse Smith and Samuel C. Cooper. 
 
 1881-83. Benj. F. Archer, *CharleB Wheeler, *JeBBe Smith, Sam- 
 uel C. Cooper and *Simeon T. Ringel. 
 
 1883-84. Benj. F. Archer, *Charles Wheeler, Samuel C. Cooper, 
 ♦Simeon T. Einge! and Charles Watson. 
 
 1884^85. Benj. F. Archer, Samuel C. Cooper, *Simeon T. Ringel, 
 Charles Watson and Wm. Helme. 
 
 1885-86. Benj. F. Archer, Samuel C. Cooper, Charles Watson, 
 Wm. Helme and Richard Fetters Smith. 
 ♦Deceased. 
 
 SECRETARIES AND TREASURERS. 
 
 1868-74. Wm. Stiles. 1874. Charles Watson. 
 
 SUPERINTENDENTS. 
 
 1868-70. 0. W. Goodwin, W. H. McFadden and J. fl. Beitler. 
 1879. Wm. G. Hufty. 
 
 CASHIER. 
 
 1879, George F. Archer. 
 
 The Street Railway. — Until 1850, when the 
 population of Camden exceeded nine thousand, 
 public conveyances, to carry persons from one 
 point to another at a fixed rate, were almost un- 
 known, and there was little occasion for them. 
 There were three centres of population, each near 
 a ferry, to and from which nearly all travel was 
 directed. The settlement of Coopers Hill, how- 
 ever, midway between the middle and lower 
 ferries, caused a demand for some method of 
 
546 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 conveying passengera from the ferries, and hacks 
 were ready, on the arrival of the boats, to 
 take to their homes such as chose to avail 
 themselves of the opportunity. The customary 
 fare was twelve and a half cents, but beyond cer- 
 tain arbitrary bounds the charge was twenty-five 
 cents. James Elwell put on a line of light onini 
 buses, drawn by two horses. It was not until 1871 
 when the population of the city had reached thirty 
 thousand, that the Camden Horse Railroad Com- 
 pany laid tracks and began to run cars. A charter 
 was received in 1866, the incorporators being John 
 Hood, A. B. Frazee, John R. Graham, John 8. 
 Read, Jesse Smith, Albert W. Markley, Isaac W. 
 Nicholson, James M. Scovel, William S. Scull, 
 William Brice, Abraham W. Nash, Henry Fred- 
 ericks and Charles Townsend. The company or- 
 ganized by electing John R. Graham president, 
 and John Hood secretary and treasurer. The 
 other directors were A. B. Frazee, John S. Read 
 and Charles Townsend. The capital stock of 
 fifty thousand dollars was subscribed, but confi- 
 dence in the success of the enterprise was want- 
 ing, and many of the subscribers withdrew their 
 stock. John Hood persevered. In 1871 Col- 
 onel Thomas McKeen entered the company and 
 was made treasurer. He at once infused new life 
 into the enterprise and subscribed liberally of hi 
 means. The first tracks were laid from the Fed. 
 eral Street Ferry to Fourth Street and Kaighn 
 Avenue, via Federal Street and Fifth, and the first 
 cars were run November 23, 1871. 
 
 In 1872 the Market Street and North Second 
 Street lines were constructed, connecting with the 
 West Jersey Ferry. The following year the South 
 Second Street line, connecting the Federal Street 
 Ferry with the Eighth Ward, at Broadway and 
 Emerald was built. In 1877 the company built 
 another line from the Federal Street Ferry, via 
 Federal, Second and Stevens, Broadway and Clin- 
 ton and Sixth to Walnut, and extended their 
 track to the Kaighns Point Ferry, giving a total of 
 nine miles of track. 
 
 In 1872 John R. Graham withdrew, and Thomas 
 A. Wilson, entering the board, was made presi- 
 dent. Thomas McKeen acted as treasurer until 
 his death, in 1883, when John Hood became 
 treasurer and Wilbur F. Rose secretary. Mr. 
 Hood has been superintendent since the time of 
 organization. The company owns twenty-six cars, 
 eighty-five horses, aud gives employment to fifty- 
 six persons, whose annual pay-roll amounts to 
 $23,000. The cost of the road and its equipments 
 was $126,273; the receipts for the past year were 
 $52,296; and expenditures, $47,712. 
 
 The officers for 1886 are President, Thomas A. 
 Wilson ; Secretary, Wilbur P. Rose ; Treasurer 
 and Superintendent, John Hood; Auditors, Cal- 
 vin S. Crowell, W. F. Rose; Clerk, Thomas A. 
 Wilson, Jr. Foreman, Charles Fisher. 
 
 Citizens Coach Company. — On July 29, 1876, 
 William S. Scull, Henry B. Wilson, George E. 
 Wilson, Horace Hammell, Ebenezer Westcott 
 and Robert S. Kaighn filed articles of incorpora- 
 tion with the county clerk as the Citizens' Coach 
 Company, and established a line of coaches, run- 
 ning from the Federal Street Ferry to the Kaighns 
 Point Ferry, by way of Federal Street, Broadway 
 and Kaighn Avenue. Other lines were established 
 from Market Street Perry to various points in the 
 First and Second Wards, and along Stevens and 
 Fourth Streets to Kaighn Avenue. These have 
 , been withdrawn, and the first-mentioned line only 
 is running. 
 
 The Telephone was introduced into Cam- 
 den, in August, 1879, by Watson Depuy, president, 
 J. J. Burleigh, secretary, treasurer and manager, 
 and Heber C. Robinson, superintendent of the 
 South Jersey Telegraph Company, the first ex- 
 change telephone being placed for George R. 
 Danenhower, Broadway and Kaighn Avenue, 
 August 15th of that year, and private lines were 
 placed between the City Hall and Simeon Ringel's 
 pharmacy. Second and Market; Martin Gold- 
 smith's pharmacy, Second and Pine; and fire- 
 engine house No. 2, at Fifth and Arch Streets. 
 The First National and National State Banks, 
 Camden Safe Deposit Company, Joseph Camp- 
 bell's canning-factory on Second Street and others 
 followed. The office was with the Western Union 
 Telegraph Company, on Third Street north of 
 Federal. Citizens and business men, however, 
 were slow in appreciating the great advantages of 
 the telephone, and when the company had been 
 merged into the Delaware and Atlantic Telegraph 
 and Telephone Company, in 1882, and the man- 
 agement placed in the hands of Charles A. Janke, 
 in May, 1883, the patrons numbered but fifty-four. 
 By energy the business was extended rapidly and 
 success was assured. The exchange was removed 
 to the building on the northeast corner of Second 
 and Market Streets, where room was found for the 
 increasing wants of the enterprise. Connection is 
 now had with all prominent points within a radius 
 of forty miles, and arrangements are being made 
 to make the radius one hundred miles. The ex- 
 change subscribers number two hundred and fifty, 
 with eighteen private wires and fifteen public sta- 
 tions. One hundred and fifty miles of wire inter- 
 sect the city in all directions, and are being ex- 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 547 
 
 tended as demanded, and, by them, instant means 
 of communication are provided for physicians) 
 public officials and business men, while the Fire 
 Department has often found the telephone an in- 
 valuable adjuuct to the fire-alarm system. The 
 Western Electric is the system in use. For the year 
 1886 the officers and the Camden attaches of the 
 company are: President, James Merrihew; Treas- 
 urer, George S. Iredell ; Superintendent, William 
 T. Westbrook; Secretary and Manager, Charles A. 
 Janke; Inspectors, A. B. Depuy and Charles E. 
 Opdycke; Lineman, Warren Morgan; and four 
 lady operators, whose calls number twelve hundred 
 daily. The exchange is open day and night. 
 
 Building and Building Associations. — The 
 remarkable growth of Camden is exhibited in sta" 
 tistics given at the outstart of its history in this 
 volume and it seems proper, before closing the last 
 of the series of chapters devoted to the city, to 
 give some facts concerning the manner in which 
 the fast-increasing population has been housed, 
 and the men who have been foremost in perform- 
 ing the work. It is to be regretted that full and 
 accurate statistics of the building operations of the 
 last twenty or thirty years are not attainable, but 
 in their absence some indication of the constantly 
 accelerating growth of the city and increase in the 
 number of homes may be procured from the record 
 of building permits. The first appears to have ^ 
 been issued on August 6, 1859, and during the en- 
 suing year, or up to August 22, 1860, the number 
 granted was sixty-nine. From this time on, for 
 one decade, the number issued in each year (from 
 August to August) was as follows : 
 
 1860-61 33 
 
 1861-62 75 
 
 1862-63 123 
 
 1863-6t 113 
 
 186t-65 148 
 
 1865-66 91 
 
 1866-67 85 
 
 1867-68 229 
 
 1868-69 (October) 283 
 
 Total for ten years 1180 
 
 The figures for the next decade show a consider- 
 able increase : 
 
 1869 to May 24, 1871 (estimated) 235 
 
 1871 (May 21th to December 3 1st) 186 
 
 1872 325 
 
 1873 339 
 
 1874 362 
 
 1875 406 
 
 1876 352 
 
 1877 368 
 
 1878 276 
 
 1879 319 
 
 1880 325 
 
 Total for ten years 3258 
 
 Since 1880 the number of permits issued each 
 year has been as follows : 
 
 1881 483 
 
 1882 189 
 
 1883 , 263 
 
 1884 377 
 
 1885 372 
 
 1886 (to November 5th) 464 
 
 Total for six yeai-s 2138 
 
 The total number of building permits issued 
 during twenty-seven years has been six thousand 
 five hundred and seventy-six, and the number for 
 the decade which will close with the year 1890 
 bids fair to equal or exceed that for the preceding 
 one. These figures, however, give an inadequate 
 idea — but little more than a suggestion — of the 
 remarkable activity of the city builders. Building 
 permits are issued for the making of additions and 
 alterations in many instances, and then again, one 
 permit may grant authority for the construction of 
 a dozen or a score of houses, and, in fact, there is 
 one instance in which as many as twenty-seven 
 dwellings were built under one license. The num- 
 ber of permits issued for the year ending Novem- 
 ber 5, 1886, was about five hundred, but a careful 
 estimate made by a well-informed builder places 
 the number of houses erected during that period 
 at seven hundred and fifty, and it is probable that 
 these figures exhibit about the same ratio which 
 has prevailed between the number of permits and 
 the number of buildings actually erected during 
 the past fifteen or sixteen years. 
 
 Nearly all of the building operations which have 
 transformed Camden from a village into a city 
 have been carried on by what may be called whole- 
 sale systems or legitimately speculative enterprise. 
 Builders erect whole blocks and in some instances 
 several blocks of dwellings, and either sell outright 
 to investors, who rent the houses separately, sell 
 directly to those who intend making themselves 
 homes, or rent to the same class. Not one house 
 in a hundred is built at present by the man who 
 contemplates becoming its occupant, and, indeed, 
 unless one wishes an elaborate, permanent house, 
 and is comparatively indifferent to expense, there 
 is little incentive for individual enterprise, for the 
 builders carrying on large operations, with their 
 facilities for procuring stone, brick and lumber at 
 wholesale prices, can erect houses at far less cost 
 than the man who builds only one. 
 
 A large proportion of the houses erected in the 
 past few years have been bought or are rented by 
 men doing business in the down-town and river- 
 front portions of Philadelphia, who have found 
 that they can live here more comfortably and eco- 
 nomically than in the other city. Many of them 
 
548 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 buy on ensy terms, ami otiiprs rout at much lower 
 rates than they could procure similar houses for 
 iu Philadelphia. The ordiuary (wo-story Camden 
 house is rented for about fifteen d(dlarsper mouth, 
 a good three-story house can be had for from 
 twenty to thirty dollars and a house of tl\e better 
 class for from thirty to sixty dollars per mouth. 
 Notwithstanding the rapidity with which houses 
 have arisen in the past ten or fifteen years, there 
 has been no glut in the market, all being taken as 
 fast as they are completed. 
 
 Building in Camden has been greatly stimulated 
 by the policy of the managers of the estate 
 of Richard M., Abigail and Esther Cooper. 
 They have advanced money to various builders for 
 the purpose of making improvements on their 
 property, and within the past ten years as uuuiy 
 as seven or eight hundred houses have been erect- 
 ed by their aid. These are, for tlie most part, 
 dwellings of the medium size, and they are mostly 
 located in the Second and Fourth Wards, between 
 the Delaware and Sixth Street, and bounded 
 north and south by Pearl and Penn Streets. 
 Nearly all have been sold. Alwiit eighty are now 
 in process of construction, the money employed 
 being loaned by the estate. 
 
 Among the builders of Camden are several who 
 have erected five or six hundred houses each. The 
 heaviest operators are undoubtedly C!ohn & Rob- 
 erts, Wilson Ernst and George Moll. Fine exani])les 
 of the work of the firm first named are to be seen on 
 Front and Point Streets, between t^ioper and 
 Linden. Mr. E. N. Cohn commenced building in 
 1866, erecting in that year twelve hou.ses on Pearl 
 Street, fie then continued putting up blocks a.nd 
 separate structures, operating ahme and in con- 
 nection with Charles B.', Richard and Asa, It. 
 Cox, and building not less than on(^ hundred and 
 fifty houses. He also erected the Pliel ^ (Jalt/, 
 building, which wa.s burned. In I8S2 ho Foruu-d 
 a partnership with Joseph E. Roberts, who, indi- 
 vidually, had built about two hundred houses, and 
 as a firm they have since constructed at least (bur 
 hundred and fifty dwellings, to which line of 
 building they devote themselves exclusively. 
 
 George lloll, who has boon engaged in building 
 for eighteen years, has (greeted from four to l\\n\ 
 hundred houses, prin(^i pally in the central part of 
 the city. They are nearly all of what may be de- 
 nominated the medium class, in size and preten- 
 sions. His brother, Lewis T. lloll, has built many 
 houses in the lower part of town. 
 
 Wilson Ernst has been actively engaged since 
 187(i, and about four hundred buildings, chiefly 
 dwellings, attest his enterprise. 
 
 Cox Hrothers, individually and together, have 
 built from five to six hundred houses, the greater 
 proportion being small oiu's. 
 
 Iteubeu S. Cross has been in Camden forty- 
 two years and engaged in building for thirty-eight 
 years, during which period he has erected nuuiy 
 dwellings, one church, a school-house and several 
 factories and mills. 
 
 Randal E. Morgan, ex-sheritf, during the past 
 fourteen years, has built over two hundred struc- 
 tures, including dwellings, stores, etc., about one- 
 half of them in ccmnection with other parties and 
 one-half as his individual enterprise. 
 
 M. E. Harden has built over six hundred dwell- 
 ings of diH'erent kinds and sizes, from the largest 
 to the smallest, about fifty stores and oHiees, three 
 sash and door mills, the Iveystone Chemical 
 Company's building, three churches,— the First 
 Presbyterian, Third Baptist and Roman ('atholic, 
 at Broadway and Ferry Streets, — also the Stevens, 
 Wickes, Mnlford and Richard Fetters school 
 buildings and the colored school building in the 
 lOighlh Ward. 
 
 .1. F. Dorman has built many houses, operating 
 individually, and about thirty with ,1. M. 
 Davis, under the firm-name of Dcu'man (V;. Davis. 
 Mr. Davis, individually, during a [leriod of six 
 years, has put up about one hundred buildings, 
 six of which were large stores, thirteen factories, 
 one ferry-house (at Kaighns Point) and two 
 eliurches, while most of the remainder were com- 
 modious and handsomo dwellings. 
 
 .\niong other extensive builders and contrac- 
 tors are Robert Kaighn (who has operated 
 principally in the I'lighth Ward), William Mead 
 (of whom a sketch is given), .lohn Schnusc, Scud- 
 der & Budd, .Joseph Butcher, .lolin C. Rogers, 
 Thomas Howell, William Keen, C. C. Williams, 
 W. B. Mulford, William Severus, .lohn Stcnu', 
 Reuben B. (lolc, J. M. Bo/.arth, K, P. Torbert, 
 .lanu's A. Coulter, .losiah P, Beckett, William T. 
 Fortiuer, William V. Hoover, Isaac (\ Hielman, 
 James Maguire, David Dummis, S. II. Morton, 
 E. Lippincott, Samuel Maines, T, M. Moore, A. J. 
 Richards, I). (1. Itcyburu, W. B. Smith, W. H. 
 Taylor, C. (!. Williams, Aaron Ward, Thomas 
 Jones and (leorge E. Blensiuger. 
 
 Wi 1,1,1 AIM T. Mk,U) is a descendant of .leremiah 
 Mead ami his wife, .lohauncs Dungan, who emi- 
 grated from lOuglaiul early in the seventeenth 
 century, ami settled at llorseneck, or Greenwich, 
 (.lonnecticnt. Their smi .leremiah, who lived in 
 Ridgclield, was nuirried tliree times, his first wife 
 being Martha, daught(^r of Samuel and Norah St. 
 John, of Pimpewaug, and their marriage took 
 
.j^'^-^' 
 
 ^^/xu^ 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 549 
 
 place February 17, 1779. His second wife was 
 Eachel, daughter of Samuel and Mary Smith, by 
 whom he had two children, — Rachel and Patty ; 
 aud after the death of this wife, he was married, 
 October 6, 1784, to Betty W. Whitney, by whom 
 he had nine children, — Lewis, Hepsey, Jeremiah, 
 Matthew, Seth, Samuel, Betty, Harvey and Whit- 
 ney. Most of the family remained in Connecticut, 
 but Harvey, who was born in Eidgefield, Connec- 
 ticut, April 11, 1790, moved when a young man to 
 New York, where, on September 11, 1821, he was 
 married to Rebecca Spenser, by whom he had six 
 children,— Samuel Spenser, Seth Whitney, Har- 
 vey, Amanda, Ann Elizabetli and Rebecca. His 
 wife died on February 28, 1834. 
 
 On March 2, 1836, Harvey was married, a second 
 time, to Julia Ann Hoffman, whose maiden-name 
 was Glassby ; she was born in Camden. By her he 
 had six children, — William T., Harvey, Henry, 
 Catherine M., Charles A. and Julia Ann. Mrs. 
 Mead died December 4, 1853, and Mr. Mead, June 
 20, 1864. 
 
 William T. Mead was born in Bucks County, 
 Pa., near Bristol, October 2, 1887, and came to 
 Philadelphia with his father in 1840, thence to 
 Camden in 1 845. At the early age of ten years he 
 was placed for one season on a farm ; afterwards he 
 learned brick-making with Peter Stetser, and at 
 the age of fifteen was apprenticed to Thomas A. 
 Wilson, to learn the trade of a carpenter and 
 builder, and completed it under him. On 21st of 
 March, 1859, he was married to Maria Norman, 
 daughter of Joseph and Sarah Haywood Stetser, 
 by whom he had seven children, — Joseph Stetser, 
 William C, Alexander H. (deceased), Frank E., 
 Carrie E., George L. and M. Edna. At the open- 
 ing of the Civil War he enlisted in Company F, 
 Fourth New Jersey Veteran Volunteer Infantry, 
 August 15, 1861. He served in General Kearny's 
 brigade, and participated in a number of engage- 
 ments, but was taken prisoner, June 27, 1862, at 
 the battle of Gaines' Mills, Va. He then endured 
 the hardships of prison life at Libby and Belle Isle 
 until exchanged, in August, 1862, when he was 
 sent to a hospital in Philadelphia, and discharged 
 therefrom, December 19, 1862, as "unfit for ser- 
 vice on account of disability." 
 
 In April, 1874, Mr. Mead began his successful 
 career as builder in the city of Camden, where 
 he has erected many private dwellings, school- 
 houses and churches. 
 
 In religion, Mr. Mead is a Methodist ; in politics, 
 
 a Democrat. He has been a member of the City 
 
 Council for six years, and also a member of the 
 
 Board of Health, and no one has shown more zeal in 
 
 66 
 
 the faithful discharge of his duties. He is a mem- 
 ber of the Order of American Mechanics, Knights 
 of Pythias, of Masonic fraternity, and a comrade 
 of Post No. 5. Grand Army of the Republic. 
 
 In the occupation of builder he has constructed 
 many buildings which have added largely to the 
 improvement and attractive appearance of the 
 city of Camden. 
 
 Building, Loan and Savings Associations. 
 — These associations of Camden have been impor- 
 tant factors in promoting the growth of the city, 
 and have assisted many worthy citizens to the 
 ownership of homes or given them financial aid in 
 transacting their business. The moneys handled 
 by them count into the millions of dollars. Being 
 thus matters of public interest, a list of the prin- 
 cipal institutions of this kind in Camden is here 
 presented. 
 
 Artisan, organized December 10, 1873, meets the 
 second Wednesday evening in every month at 
 Wildey Hall. It has three hundred and twenty- 
 six stockholders — one thousand shares, par value 
 two hundred dollars ; price per share, one dollar. 
 Henry F. Geiter, president ; W. B. Mulford, treas- 
 urer ; George E. Frye, secretary. This is the secpnd 
 association by this name in Camden, one having 
 successfully wound up its affaire about thirty 
 years ago, having been a single series association, 
 of which John I. Davis was secretary at the time 
 of its winding up, which was done satisfactorily 
 to all concerned. 
 
 The Camden Building and Loan Association was 
 organized July 25, 1867. Five hundred and 
 forty stockholders have two thousand seven hun- 
 dred shares ; price per share, one dollar; par value, 
 two hundred dollars. Meets the fourth Monday 
 in each month at Wildey Hall. Mark B. Wills, 
 president ; Henry F. Geiter, secretary ; F. P. 
 Mulford, treasurer. 
 
 77ie City, organized May 2, 1874, has two hun- 
 dred and five members. It meets the third Saturday 
 in each month at Read's Hall. Price per share, 
 one dollar ; par value, two hundred dollars. James 
 M. Cassady, president ; vice-president, Edmund 
 E. Read, Jr. ; Volney G. Bennett, treasurer ; E. 
 K. Fortiner, secretary. 
 
 Dudley Homestead and Building Association was 
 incorporated in March, 1886 — Jehu Evans, secre- 
 tary. No. 311 Market Street ; Charles Bosch, presi- 
 dent; George Leathwhite, vice-president; Harry 
 D. Longacre, treasurer. This association is con- 
 ducted upon a new scheme. Shares are sold and 
 the lots drawn and houses built by the association 
 for its members. No collateral security is required 
 for building purposes. The total number of shares 
 
550 
 
 1118T0UY OK CAMOKN BOUNTY, NMW .II-IKSKV, 
 
 is two hinuluHl iiiul twontv, ono-linll' of which V. Soi\iors KIsh-y, siHToliiry : Williiim T. Hiiiioy, 
 
 hiivo boon soUi. tvoiisuror; K. A. Anustronji', solii-itor. 
 
 r/ir M,r/hUii,:-<' and Worl-iiKjiiinr.i. ,.rir;miAHl /'/«• Kirrhior IliilMiiiu <vhI I.md .UMciathm, ur- 
 
 Kolini:iry ->;">, lS7t, moots tho fourth Snliiraiiy in s"'"'"''' '"> •'"'>'• I'^^TO, moots lust Friiliiy In onoh 
 
 ovoi-y month ill i;o!\a's IImU. I'noo poi- sliaro, ono montli :il (Vntiiil Uiill. Till' vtihu-, two luin.iivd 
 
 dolhir; p:n- v:ilno, two hiimlnul .lolhii-s. .losoi'h .tolh\rs, Tlio prioo i>oi- slmi'o is lilly oonis, monlli- 
 
 lintolioi-, pvosidoni; John lUnr, lro:isnvov ; t\ .1. ly. P. Souiors llisloy, pi'osi(h>nt; K.lmnn<l Miiy, 
 
 Minos, vioo-i>i-osiaonl ; fliiiilos 11. Kollon, sooio- soorotJiry : 01\!U'los Oix, (roiisnivi'; T. .1. MidiUo- 
 
 tiivy, Sixliumirodmonilioisholil twolhonsiuui tmo ton, solioitor. Tho nunilior of niombore is two 
 
 hululiva slnuos. humiro.1 imd lllly, 
 
 T/ir Mii/iia/. oriiMni/.oil April lo, ISTl', mo<>ls tho T/ir Fi^Ulitii liiiildiiHi <vi<i /.oaii Anfi^nittioii wns 
 
 liist Wodnosdny in om'h month !it No. -iOT MiirUot orpmi/o.l I'Vhrniwy lli, 18Sa. Monthly pnynionts 
 
 Stivol. Tho lirioo por sh.'ii-o is ono ilolliir ; \\s\v m'O nnulo of lifty oonts porshni'o; pur vjiluo, two 
 
 vmImo, two hnmlmlilollius, Kiulolph W. liinlsoll, luimlnMl ,lolli\rs por slinro. K. O. I loollioh, prosi- 
 
 prosiilont; Wiiltor M. P;itton, IronsMivv ; ,1. Wil- ilont; IVnioso W. llirKt, vioo-prositlont : Williiim 
 
 hud Moriviui, sooroliu-y. O. lloiinoy, sooroliivy ; 'I'. .1. Miihlloton, solioitor. 
 
 Tilt: y,'irl,»i Toinialii/i, ori;iini/,oil Maivh 1, IS(;'.>, Moots ovory soooml h'ri.liiy in onoh nunith iitlVn- 
 
 moots Iho lii-st Monday in onoh monlli at I'lat Iron tral Hall. 
 
 llotol. Horniaii A. ilolmboUl, prosiilont; 11. li. T/ii' Frnnk/lit, organi/.od Soptomhor 10, IS7!t, 
 
 Wilson, troasuror; ,1. Willard Morgan, soorotary. moots tho first f^illiirdiiy in ovory month at 
 
 T/iv Aorfh Ciiiiitlfti. cn-,nani/,od Novombor 10, Koad's 1 lall. Tho prioo poi' sliaro is ono dollar; 
 
 1S7SI, moots lit Mann's Hall, No. !Mi North Sooond (lar v.alno, two hnndrod didhirs. .iamoa M. Oubbh- 
 
 Strcot, on tho aooond Monday in oaoh month. day, (iroaitlonl ; I'l. K. Korlinor, soorotary; V, G. 
 
 Trioo por sharo, tmo dollar ; par vaino, two hnn- Honnoll, Iroasnror. Nninbor of momhors, four 
 
 drod dollars. .lamos Iv. t'ar.son, [uvsidont; 1». hnndrod and twonty-llvo. 
 
 Somors Kisloy, soorotary ; William T. liailoy, Iroas- Tlin (/t'niKiii Vni/iiniiiil lliiililiiit) lUiii Suviii;) 
 
 uror; K. A. ,\nnstroni>-, scdioilor. Fund .I.wk'/k^/ik*, in'(;aiiizod, April lA, I87(i, moots 
 
 Till' I'coji/i's, ori;'ani/.od Maroli 'J, IS7I, moots at lloilman's Hall on tho sooond Thursday of 
 
 on first Wodiiosday in oaoh moiilh at Wil- ovory month. (!oor(;o I'foill'or is prosidont ; J. IJ. 
 
 doy Hall. Tho prioo por sharo is ono dollar ; p.ar Woyll, sorrolary ; and .lidin lloilman, troiisurer, 
 
 vaIno, two hnndrod dollars, .bmalhaii OnlUold, 'I'ho nnndior of momln'rs is four hundrod and 
 
 prosidont ; Charlos 11. I'Vlton, soorolary ; 10. K. twonly-fivo. 
 
 Forlinor, troasuror ; I'Inos nismiint, vioo-prosidont. Tlif Liliiiiij I'tirl- Miiliiit/ lloiiirn/i'iiil, A'o. 'J, or- 
 
 !!^ix hnndrod momhors ludd two Ihonsaml shiiros. j?anizod April "JO, ISSfi, has ono hnndrod and sixly- 
 
 Tlif iSiiiilli. W'lird Hidliliiiii iiihl l.ihiii .\x.tiiriiitiiiii, ihroo momhors. I(s ollioors aro Oodfroy Kooblor, 
 
 orjfani/.od in May, IS,''i7, moots llu> sooond Monday [irosidont; 11. t'islor, vioo-prosidont ; A, Bollk'S- 
 
 in oai'h month al Wildoy Hall. Tho prioo por inn'or, soorotary; A. Hliouor, troasurw; Williiim 
 
 sharo, ono dollar ; par valiio, two hnndrod dollars. S. tiassolman, sidioitor; 10. A. Arnmlrong', trustoo. 
 
 II. M. Sharp, prosidont; SamnoU'. Nowlon, soo- 'I'nt! Diiiro Hiisinkww in (Iamdion.' — Many yoar» 
 
 rotary ; 'I'homas Mory woatlior, Iroasnror. an'o, wdion Camdon was a villa);o, tlio only plaoolo 
 
 Tlif lloiiirnti'Kil, orn'aniz.od Dooombor UO, bS.Sli, piirohaso modioino was at tliii ollioo of Or. iSamiiol 
 
 moots Iho lliird Mcmday in oaoh month at No. -Ill Harris, who omnmonood praotioo about tlio your 
 
 Nin-th Third iSlroot. I'rioo por sharo, (nu> dollar ; If^ll. Hiko many doctor's olllooa in oounlry vil- 
 
 par valno, two hnndrod dollars. ,1. .1. Hni'loif^li, lagi's, his was i>nlargod to tho dimonaionBof 11 Hmilll 
 
 prosidiait ; Charlos II. l'\'ltim, soorotary ; 1<. T. storo, onablinj^- him to deal out tho many romodlos 
 
 Um-onsso, triMiauror; 10. A. ArmslroiiK, solioitin-. oallod for by familioH. Hi\ first roaidod in Iho old- 
 
 77k: TriiilcHiiifii'n lliii/iliiiij anil Liutn .tKnuriiilioii, l'ashion<>d throo-slory briidc Imildiiin No. 122 
 
 moots first Saturday in oaoh month alCoiitral Hall, I'oopor Siroot, bolow Si>oinid. Ho moved llioiioo 
 
 Huiijamin C Uoovo, prosidont; .loaopli (1. Nioli- into tho two-abiry i'oiif;;h-oiiHt Inmso northoast 
 
 oils, soorotary; Ann'iislns Hoovo, Iroasnror; Martin o.m'iior of Socond and ( ■ooiiorSlroots. Aiyoiniiin llio 
 
 V. HorKon, solicitor. roar i)\' tho house, anil Ironliiiffou Sooond Stl'oot, 
 
 Tliif lu^oiiiiiiii/, orj!;ani/.od .laniiiiry 'J.'l, lHH'2, mods was a oiio-story IVmno lioiiso, ocoiipiod as his oIlloo, 
 
 tho fourth Monday in each month at Miinii's Hall. mid so continuod until (ho day id' his doiUh, No- 
 
 Tho price per sharo is ono diillar ; par value, two vembor 'J7, ISIJi, 
 
 luinilred dollars. .lames It. (iarson, prosiilont; ' lij \. w. 'iv«l, M.n. ' '' 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 551 
 
 The other druggists engaged in business here 
 have been the following: 
 
 freedom S. Shinn, M.D., northwest corner of Second and Plum 
 Streets, from 1812 or 1813 to 1821. 
 
 John Kowan Sickler, M.D., Fedeml Street, near the ferry, March 
 25, 1832,, to April 14, 1834. 
 
 Joseph Kane, M.D., and David Smith, M.D., northwest corner of 
 Third and Plum Streets, May, 1834. Dr. Smith left the firm early in 
 1835, and in March, of the sniue year, it v/as bought by James 
 Boberts, M.D., and Joseph C. De Laoour. Six months afterwards Dr. 
 Roberts left the firm, and Mr. De Lacour moved, jOotober 17, 1869, to 
 the southwest corner, opposite. 
 
 A. M. & Eleazer Cohen, No. 216 Federal Street, above Second, 
 Miirch, 1839, to December, 1843. 
 
 George Hollingshead, No. 207 Federal Street, above Second, spring 
 of 1846 ; moved fall of same year to northeast corner of Third and 
 I'lnm Streets. Discontinued fall of 1846. 
 
 lUis B. Hall, uortheast corner Third and Plum Streets, spring of 
 1846 ; March, 1849, bought by Joseph B. StrafTord, M.D. ; afterwards 
 bought by his sons, M. H. 4 James B., who moved, in spring of 1861, 
 to 818 South Thil-d Street, thence in spring of 1852 to southwest cor- 
 ner of Third and Sprace, thence, in June, 1866, to Gloucester. 
 
 James C. Morgan, No. 212 Jliirket Street, above Second, April 8, 
 1848 ; moved to southwest corner of Second and Market Streets, 
 April, 1849 ; bought by Simon T. Kingel, August, 1861 ; succeeded 
 by Daniel J . Fatten, July, 1881, and by the latter's clerk, Charles B. 
 Slough, June, 1884. 
 
 John E. Cresson, northwest corner Second and Bridge Avenue, 
 April 13, 1848 ; boughtby Kichard W. Test, October lath, same year, 
 who moved to Federal Street, below Secoud, No. 1.30, February 1, 
 1853 ; thence to northwest corner of Second and Federal Sta., Oct. 
 23, 1867 ; died Juno 28, 1873 ; succeeded by his son, Alfred W. Tost. 
 
 Maier, M.D., John Loper, agent, southeast corner Fifth and 
 
 Walnut Streets, November, 1850, the latter shortly afterwards be- 
 coming owner; bought by Sylvester Birdsell, M.D., November, 
 1851 ; moved to southwest corner of Fourth and Walnut Streets, 
 December, 1867 ; sold to his son, Eudolph W., November 26, 1868 ; 
 resold to the doctor, June 25, 1869 ; bought by Maximillian West, 
 April 9, 1871, who sold to Sam. W. Cochran, May 20, 1875 ; bought by 
 Chas. W. Green, M.D., Oct. 3,1879, and sold to J. F. Stock, Aug, 1881. 
 
 Thomas S. Bowand, M.D., May, 1852, northwest corner of Fifth 
 and Federal Streets ; boughtby Henry S. Hund, November 27, 1858 ; 
 moved to eoutheaat corner, opposite, November, 1800 ; sold to Albert 
 P. Brown, August 4, 1862. 
 
 Joseph C. De Lacour, brancli store, George House, manager, south- 
 west corner of Fourth and Pine Streets, January, 1854, the latter be- 
 coming owner July 1, 1866 ; died December 9, 1868 ; his clerk, Wm. 
 Dickson, becoming owner October 1, 1859 ; bought by Maximillian 
 West May 16, 1801 ; followed by Alexander Mecray, M.D., January, 
 1866 ; Clarence Schellinger, Febmai-y 26, 1874 ; Conrad G. Hoell, 
 M.D., May 1, 1882 ; William W. Kaighn, September, 18S5. 
 
 Joseph Busy, northeast corner Fourth and Chew Streets, summer 
 of 1856 ; closed until June 8, 1867, when it was bought by Augustus 
 G. Laurent, who moved November26, 1859, to Chestnut Street, above 
 Fourth, and soon quit the business. 
 
 Edmund Franciscus, southwest corner Third and Mickle Streets, 
 from November, 1857, to February, 1858. 
 
 Thomas 0. Goldsmith, M.D., comer West and Hamilton Streets, in 
 spring of 1861 ; in May, 1866, his son Martin, to whom it belonged, 
 moved it to the southwest corner of Secoud and Vine Streets. 
 
 Henry S. Hund, No. 310 Federal Street, September, 1863 ; sold to 
 F. Scoffin, M.D., December, 1801 ; followed by James A. Armstrong, 
 M.D., March 24, 1865 ; Lyndon M. Pratt, M.D., October 17, 1868, 
 who moved to 334 Federal Street January 4, 1809, and discontinued 
 October, 1883. 
 
 Joseph Eiley, northeast corner Fourth and Mount Vernon Streets, 
 October 16, 1805 ; died September 7, 1806; 29th of s-ame month 
 bought by Bobert S. Taylor, M.D., and James M. Bidge, M.D. In 
 July, 1869, Dr. Rid;^o loft the firm aud Dr. Taylor sold to his son, 
 William G., January 1, 1873, who movi-.l to 9113 South Fourth 
 Street ; November 27, 1875, removed to GloHsboro' ; returned to 
 
 Camden and reopened 11th of following December, at No. 905 South 
 Fourth Street, next door to old location ; died April 8, 1877 ; his 
 father moved stock and fixtures to southeast corner Broadway and 
 Line Streets, June 12, 1877 ; thence to southeast corner Sixth and 
 Walnut Streets, March, 1881. 
 
 J. G. Lindgren, M.D., Henry S. Hund, agent, southwest corner 
 Thii-d and Lino Streets, October 20, 1866 ; bought by Thomas B. 
 Subere, May 17, 1860, who sold to B. C. Yarnell & Co., early in Sep- 
 tember, 1868 ; on the 23d of the same month bought by William F. 
 Koche, followed by Dilwyn P. I'ancoast, M.D., August 10, 1869, who 
 moved to the southeast corner of Fifth and Roydon Streets, Novem- 
 ber 10, 1809 ; thence to northwest corner Fifth and Clinton, March 
 30, 1872. 
 
 Samuel and Froderick G. Thomas, northeast corner Fifth and Pine 
 Streets, June 25, 1880, the latter becoming owner July 1, WHO. 
 
 Thomas E. Anrache, M.D., northeast corner Fourth and Liberty 
 Streets, May 6, 1868 ; moved to east side of Broadway, abovo Flat- 
 iron Tavern, March 25, 1809 ; died Jun6'24, 1873. 
 
 John A. Mahon, M.D., southeast corner Fillmore and Vanhook 
 Streets, April 1, 1807; thence to southeast corner of Kaighns Point 
 Avenue and Broadway, October, 1807; moved to No. 1134 Broad- 
 way, April 8, 1869, followed by Charles A. Baker, M.D., January, 
 1870 ; J. Kiegel Haney, M.D., June 28, 1871, who moved to 445 
 Kfiighus Point Avenue, May 8, 1873 ; thence to No. 451, three dooi-s 
 above, March 27, 1878. 
 
 James A. Armstrong, M.D., No. 309 Market Street, December 7, 
 1808 ; sold to Uriah F. Richards, September 15, 1883. 
 
 Gustave A. CuUen and James M. Bidge, M.D., 313 West Street, 
 below Stevens, October, 1869, The latter left the firm February 1, 
 1871 ; bought by Thomas F. Cnllen, M.D., July 17, 1871, Thomas G. 
 Bowand, M.D. , being superintendent, becoming proprietor Blay 1, 
 1874, and moved to southeast corner Fifth and Benson Streets August 
 19, 1878. 
 
 Winfield S. Plank, No. 340 Kaighns Point Avenue, February 7, 
 1870, followed by Eandal W. Morgan, M.D., October 11, 1872, who 
 moved to corner of Newton and Kaighn Point Avenues, August, 
 1879 ; sold to William W. Miller, August 1,1883; bought by H. 
 Dubois, February 11, 1885. 
 
 S. M. Henry, M.D., No. 305 Federal Street, June 4, 1870 ; sold out 
 by sheriff the following 17th of September. 
 
 F. Frank Smith, northeast corner Third and Linden Streets, Sep- 
 tember 27, 1871 ; closed July 17, 1872 ; sold at public sale 13th of 
 August following. 
 
 J. Erhman Lehman, southeast corner Eighth and Market Streets, 
 March 26, 1872. 
 
 Emmor H. Lee, northeast corner Third and Linden Streets, Sep- 
 tember 1, 1872 ; moved to southwest corner Fourth and Linden 
 Streets, February 4, 1875 ; bought by mortgages, at public sale, 
 December 15, 1877, and carried on by William C. Goodrich & Co., 
 who sold to Stanley C. Muschamp, March 1, 1881. 
 
 Herman \V. Miller, southwest corner Eighth and Mount Vernon 
 Streets, February 10, 1873. 
 
 Mi-8. Sarah A. Eidge and her son, Marshall M., being manager. 
 No. 304 Mickle Street, December 22, 1873 ; bought by Bowling 
 Benjamin, M.D., July 1, 1879, who resold to Mrs. Ridge. 
 
 William H. Ireland, M.D., his brother, E. Franklin, being mana- 
 ger, northeast corner Second and York Streets, April, 1874 ; sold to 
 George D. Borton, October 26th, same year. 
 
 Samuel G. Bagge, southeast corner Broadway and Walnut Street, 
 July 3, 1874 ; died May 28, 1880, and succeeded by his son, Edward 
 G. Bagge. 
 
 Eandal W. Morgan, M.D., branch store on Kaighn Avenue, be- 
 low Second, No. 132, August 8, 1874 ; moved to No. 127, nearly op- 
 posite, August, 1876 ; bought by Warren S. Thompson, February 28, 
 1877, who moved to No. 211 Kaighn Avenue, January 12, 1882. 
 
 Henry H. Davis, M.D., No. 305 Kaighn Avenue, August 23, 
 1874 ; moved to northwest corner Third and Kaighn Ave'nue, Sep- 
 tember 23, 1876. 
 
 William A. Fries, M.D., No. 1134 Broadway, April 28, 1875; dis- 
 continued the followiug December. 
 
 T.rcmidas H. Strt-et, southwest corner Third and Pearl Streets, July 
 6, 1876. 
 
552 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEESEY. 
 
 Henry S. Hund & Son, Oscar B., at Schweinhagen'a nail, Newton 
 ATenv.e, below Broadway, August V\ 1875 ; discontinued February 
 25, 1876. 
 
 Winfield S. Plank, southeast corner Third and Washington Streets, 
 November 16, 1876, followed by John V. West, March 17, 1876, and 
 William A. Davis, M.D., .January 11, 1877, and moved to northwest 
 corner, opposite, March 18, 1880. 
 
 Jerome A. Eldridge, northwest corner Third and Birch Streets, 
 March 17, 1876, followed by Thomas A. Hazzard, June 17th, same 
 year, and Samuel C. Burland, M.D., October 14th following, and on 
 October 5, 1877, it was discontinued. 
 
 Dillwyn P. Pancoast, M.D., branch store southwest corner Sixth 
 and Roydon Streets, June 2, 1876 ; bought by John S. Whitwell, 
 May 1, 1878 ; died May 1, 1882, and business carried on by his 
 widow. 
 
 Winfleld S. Plank, No. 421 Kaighn Avenue, July 18, 1876 ; 
 moved to southwest corner Fifth and Cherry Streets, September 30th, 
 same year, end returned to first location October 9th ; moved again 
 to northeast corner Broadway and Clinton Streets, February 19, 
 1877 ; sold to H. Allen Eeed, M.D., 19th of June following, who 
 moved stock and fixtures to the West, March 5, 1878. 
 
 Eichard S. Justice, southeast corner Fifth and Elm Streets, August 
 2.5, 1876. 
 
 Richard F. Ireland, southeast corner Third and Chestnut Streets, 
 February 10, 1877 ; moved to No. 224 Main Street, on 16th June fol- 
 lowing, thence to southwest corner Third and Yine Streets, April 
 5, 1878 ; sold to James A. A. Armstrong, M.D., June 12, 1879, who, 
 resold to R. F. Ireland, June 19, 1880 ; bought by John F. Casner 
 April 18, 1881; succeeded by J. Griffith Howard and Frederick Tifft, 
 February 20, 1882, the latter retiring from the firm April 1, 1886, 
 Mr. Howard afterward selling to Renfrew G. Landis, April 4, 1886. 
 
 Winiield S. Plank, No. 601 Walnut Street, June 2, 1877 ; moved 
 October 27th following to northwest corner Sixth and Walnut Sts. ; 
 sold to Henry B. Crane, April 18, 1878, who moved stock and fixtures 
 to Elizabeth, N. J. 
 
 Maximillian West, M.D., No. 213 South Fifth Street, October 3, 
 1877 ; moved to Philadelphia August 12, 1878. 
 
 Richard G. Stevenson, northwest corner Sixth and Market Streets, 
 April 9, 1878. 
 
 Samuel W. Caldwell, northeast corner Broadway and Clinton 
 Street, May 1, 1878 ; moved to Philadelphia, May 19, 1879. 
 
 Henry 0. Cox, M.D., corner Central Avenue and Kossuth Street, 
 May 23, 1879 ; died October 1, 1884 ; sold by the widow, October 16th 
 following, to Elmer S. Westcott, M.D., followed by Henry B. Cox, 
 March 19, 1886, and Charles W. Allbright, April 1, 1886. 
 
 Alonzo D. Nichols, northeast corner Third and Pine Streets, June 
 26, 1879 ; died August 8, 1882 ; bought by William J . Stoner, August 
 30th following ; succeeded by J. E. Griffenberg, March 1, 1883, Dow- 
 ling Benjamin, M.D., August, 1883, who moved to southeast corner 
 Third and Becket Streets, November 17, 1884. 
 
 William H. Braddock, southeast corner Third and Elm Streets, 
 April, 1880 ; moved to southeast corner Third and Birch Streets, 
 January 20, 1886. 
 
 George Miller, M.D., No. 213 South Fifth Street, from May to July, 
 1880. 
 
 William Shafer, M.D., northwest corner Fourth and Hamilton 
 Streets, October 2, 1880. 
 
 George W. Henry, M.D., northwest corner Eighth and Walnut 
 Streets, November 27, 1880. 
 
 N. Davis, southwest corner Broadway and Spruce Street, Novem- 
 ber 16, 1882; moved to northwest corner, opposite, in 1886. 
 
 Henry C. Archibald, M.D., corner Broadway and Washington 
 Street, August, 1883 ; sold to James H. F. Milton, M.D., June 13, 
 1884, who moved from Camden, Februai-yO, 1885. 
 
 Edwin R. Smiley, M.D., southeast corner Third and Washington 
 Streets, March, 1884. 
 
 Alexander G. Bennett, corner Haddon Avenue and Federal Street 
 November, 1884 ; bought by Levi B. Hirst, September 29, 1886. 
 
 Philip W. Beale, M.D., southeast corner Ninth and Federal 
 Streets, December 3, 1884. 
 
 James B. Wood, northeast corner Third and Pine Streets, January 
 10, 1884; moved to 1126 Broadway, March 17, 1886. 
 
 J. Howard Griffith opened a branch store northwest corner Front 
 and Penn Streets, September 5, 1886, taking charge in person after 
 .. selling the store at Third and Vine Streets, April 6, 1886. 
 
 Conrad S. Hoel, M.D., No. 204 Federal Street, October 22, 1885. 
 William S. Deiuinger, northwest corner Sixth and Berkley Streets, 
 July, 1886. 
 
 Richard W. Test, the son of Joseph D. and 
 Ann D. Test, was born in Greenwich, Cumber- 
 land County, N. J., on the 2d of January, 1812. 
 During early life he engaged in labor on the farm, 
 and at a later date, preferring a business career, be- 
 came familiar, by a thorough preparatory course, 
 with that of a druggist. He established himself 
 in Philadelphia, and in May, 1848, removing to 
 Camden, purchased the drug-store of Dr. John E. 
 Presson, in October of the same year. From this 
 store, which was located on the corner of Second 
 Street and Bridge Avenue, he removed, in Febru- 
 ary, 1853, to Federal Street, below Second Street, 
 and in October, 1867, took possession of the north- 
 west corner of Second and Federal Streets, which 
 stand his son, Alfred W., his successor, now occu- 
 pies. Mr. Test was one of the earliest druggists in 
 Camden, and enjoyed an enviable reputation as a 
 business man. Aside from various building asso- 
 ciations, in which he was both director and stock- 
 holder, he rarely engaged in enterprises apart from 
 the management of his store. A Whig, and later 
 a Republican, in politics, he was not a politician, 
 and never sought or held office. His religious 
 associations were with the Society of Friends. Mr. 
 Test was twice married — first, to Mary W. Lippin- 
 cott, and second to her sister, Elizabeth, daughters 
 of Isaac and Sarah Lippincott. Of his thirteen 
 children, six survive. Mr. Test died June 28, 
 1873. 
 
 WiNFiELD S. Plank, who was prominently iden- 
 tified with the drug business of Camden and other- 
 wise connected with the history of the city, was 
 born in 1848 in Chester County, Pa.; was educated 
 in the schools of his neighborhood and the Phila- 
 delphia College of Pharmacy, from which he grad- 
 uated. In the year 1869 he married Ella, daughter 
 of James and Margaret Dufi", of Philadelphia, and 
 removed to Camden. In February, 1870, he opened 
 a drug store at No. 340 Kaighn Avenue and be- 
 tween that time and 1878 he established several 
 different drug stores in the city, selling them when 
 advantageous offers were made for the locations and 
 business. He also purchased a piece of land at 
 the southwest corner of Broadway and Ferry Ave- 
 nue upon which he erected the store and dwelling- 
 house now occupied by Dr. Donges, dividing the 
 remaining portion into building lots, upon which 
 permanent improvements have since been made. 
 Having attained considerable local prominence. 
 
THE CITY OP CAMDEN. 
 
 653 
 
 owing to the deep interest evinced in the material 
 improvement of South Camden, Mr. Plank, in, 
 1875, was elected upon the Republican ticket to re- 
 present the Eighth Ward in the City Council. After 
 a residence of nearly ten years in the city of Cam- 
 den, during which time he contributed greatly to 
 the city's growth, he removed to Philadelphia in 
 1879 and opened a drug store at the corner of Jasper 
 and Huntington Streets, where he died August 23, 
 1880, leaving a wife and one child, Chester, sur- 
 viving him. 
 
 Old Military Organizations. — One of the 
 earliest military organizations of this vicinity was 
 the Camden Blues. John Porter was captain of the 
 company ; Benjamin Shreve was first lieutenant. 
 Captain John Porter was a popular man and was 
 constable for many years. He lived in the old 
 brick house on the north side of Arch Street above 
 Second. He died in 1825, and Wm. Newton be- 
 came captain of the " Blues," and was succeeded 
 by Captain Samuel Fisher. Under Porter the 
 company mustered a full hundred men, but after 
 his death its numbers decreased, and about 1838 
 it disbanded. The uniform was blue jacket and 
 pants, hats with white plumes tipped with red. 
 
 The Woodbury Blues, at one time commanded 
 by the late Judge Philip J. Grey, wore a similar 
 uniform, the plume, however, being red tipped 
 with white. Eichard W. Howell, Esq., was also 
 captain of this company. 
 
 The Union Blues, called the "Squankum" 
 Blues, had their headquarters at Blackwood. 
 
 For seventeen years Camden was without any 
 military company, when, November 23, 1855, the 
 Camden Light Artillery was organized with a 
 muster-roll of forty men. The following was the 
 roster of officers : 
 
 Captain. Isaac W. Mictcle ; First Lieutenant, James W. H. Sticlt- 
 ney ; Second Lieutenant, Jesse E. Huston ; Third Lieutenant, Joseph 
 J. Bender ; First Sergeant, Ephraim 0. Ware ; Second Sergeant, 
 Richard H. Lee ; Third Sergeant, John B. Cunningham ; Fourth 
 Sergeant, Samuel H. Carles ; Quartermaster, James M. Cassady ; 
 First Corporal, Philip M. Armington ; Second Corporal, William W. 
 Sheed ; Third Corporal, Remington Ackley ; Fourth Corporal, James 
 B. Shields. 
 
 The secretary was Wm. J. Miller and the treas- 
 urer Martin E. Harmstead. The armory was in 
 the Starr building, on Bridge Avenue below Second 
 Street. The Light Artillery was a "crack" com- 
 pany, their uniform being very showy, with 
 " shakos " that gave them a formidable appearance. 
 Captain Mickle had seen service in Mexico. 
 Ephraim C. Ware succeeded in command of the 
 company ; when the Civil War broke out thirty 
 out of the thirty -six entered the service under their 
 old commander. 
 
 The Washington Grays were organized in 1857 
 through the efforts of Richard H. Lee, Samuel H. 
 Carles, John R. Cunningham (of the artillery), 
 John Y. Hoagland, Andrew Fenton and others. 
 Their headquarters were in the Starr building. 
 Theodore W. Baker was their first captain, fol- 
 lowed by Wm. B. Hatch and E. Price Hunt, the 
 latter commanding when the news from Fort 
 Sumter and the call for troops reached them. Of 
 the muster-roll of fifty, forty-six responded, and in 
 two days Captain Hunt, with Lieutenants E. H. 
 Lee, Theodore W. Zimmerman and Charles N. 
 Pelouze, with over a hundred men, encamped at 
 Trenton as Company F, Fourth Eegiment. 
 
 The Stockton Cadets, Captain Edmund G. Jack- 
 son, and the Camden Zouaves, Captain John E. 
 Cunningham, were both organized within a few 
 months of the beginning of the war, but ihey 
 were not behind the older companies in responding 
 to their country's call, and in less than a week 
 these four companies were mustered in the Fourth 
 Regiment — the Cadets as Company A, and the 
 Zouaves as Company G. 
 
 At the expiration of the three months' service 
 all entered the Sixth Eegiment for three years and 
 their deeds fill pages of the records of the war. 
 
 CEMETERIES. 
 
 The Camden Cemetery was founded in 1836 
 by the " township of Camden," and governed by 
 trustees elected annually at its town-meetings. 
 When originally laid out it contained only three 
 acres adjoining Newton (Friends,) Cemetery, be- 
 tween and near the junction of Mount Ephraim 
 and Haddon Avenues. It was enlarged in 1864 
 and again in 1868, and a much greater addition 
 made in 1876. The receiving vault is large ard 
 the chapel presents a neat and comfortable appear- 
 ance. The two fronts have beautiful and sub- 
 stantial fences and gateways and the trees and 
 shrubbery, as well as the avenues, show the great 
 care and attention bestowed upon them. A por- 
 tion of the ground is laid out into family burial- 
 lots, and the remainder is for city purposes — that 
 is, the burial of strangers and the poor. The city 
 ground for the poor is separate and free of charges. 
 There have been nine thousand four hundred and 
 seventy -seven interments made in this cemetery. 
 
 The board of trustees for the year 1886-87 are as 
 follows : 
 
 "William C. Husted, president ; Harris Graffen, treasurer ; F. W. 
 Armstrong, secretary ; Executive Committee, James H. Arming- 
 ton, Christian Wentz, James Ayres; Auditors, K.W. Kerswell, John 
 Blowe, J. P. Varney ; Members, James H. Armington, Christian 
 Wentz, James Ayres, William C, Husted, F. W. Armstrong, Harris 
 Graffen, R. W, Kerswell, J. P. Varney, John Blowe ; Superintend- 
 ent of Cemetery, Nathan A. Carter. 
 
554 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 The office of the company is at No. 6 South 
 Third Street. 
 
 EVERGREEX Cemeteky Is sitiuited on a gently- 
 sloping knoll bordering on Mount Ephraim Ave- 
 nue, and near Ferry Avenue, and on the main road 
 from Camden to Haddonfield, and is beautifully 
 laid out, with broad avenues, ornamental shrub- 
 bery and injlosed on all sides in a substantial 
 manner, The vaults are ample and a beautiful 
 Gothic chapel is located in the centre of the 
 grounds and by the main drive. Oa the northeast, 
 the grounds adjoin the Camden Cemetery and on 
 the north extend to Spruce Street. 
 
 The company was incorporated on February 20, 
 1848, with Benjamin A. Hammell, William J. 
 Hatch, Richard W. Howell, Joseph J. Hatch and 
 Benjamin Browning as corporators. The charter 
 limited them to the purchase of eighty-five acres 
 of ground on the Mount Ephraim road, in New- 
 ton township, and thirty-two acres were purchased 
 from the estate of Isaac Cooper. W. J. Hatch was 
 the first president and held the position until his 
 death, in 1856. He was succeeded by Charles 
 Sloan and he by Cooper Browning, who died in 
 1875, when Thomas A. Wilson was elected presi- 
 dent. Benjamin Browning was elected as secretary, 
 a position he held until his death, in 1861. He 
 was succeeded by Mrs. Catherine Hatch, who re- 
 signed in 1881 ; since that time William Stiles has 
 been the secretary. B. A. Hammell was the first 
 treasurer and continued as such until his death, in 
 1873. Mrs. Hatch was then made treasurer. 
 
 Thomas W. Shinu was sexton superintendent for 
 twenty-one years. At his death, in 1876, Joseph 
 Jennings, the present superintendent, was ap- 
 pointed to the position. The office of the company 
 is at No. 414 Market Street. 
 
 The Harleigh Cemetery Association was 
 formed April 28, 1885, and soon afterwards pur- 
 chased of John B. Wood and Lydia C, bis wife, 
 the land on Haddon Avenue near the city line, on 
 which its cemetery is laid out. 
 
 The name Harleigh was chosen because that was 
 the name of the country-seat on the Schuylkill 
 (now Laurel Hill Cemetery) of Isaac Cooper, who 
 formerly owned this and most of the land on the 
 east side of Haddon Avenue from Pine Street to 
 the city line, and from whom it descended to Mrs. 
 Wood and others. Harleigh is laid out on what is 
 called the landscape lawn plan, — an entirely 
 different one from that of any cemetery in or 
 around either Camden or Philadelphia, — the new- 
 est part of West Laurel Hill more closely resem- 
 bling it than any other. The idea is a series of 
 lawns always kept in order by the association, 
 
 with interlacing drives and carefully grouped 
 .trees and shrubbery, giving it the appearance of a 
 well-kept private park, rather than that of an old- 
 fashioned burying-ground. For this purpose no 
 fences or lot inclosures are allowed and no head 
 or foot-stones over eight inches in height, although 
 monuments are permitted. The present officers of 
 the association are Howard M. Cooper, president ; 
 Benjamin C. Reeve, vice-president ; Watson De- 
 puy, treasurer ; Harris Graffen, secretary ; John B. 
 Wood, manager; Ralph Moore, superintendent. 
 
 A Tornado.— October 23, 1878, a tornado vis- 
 ited Camden and did much damage to property. 
 It began to blow from the southeast about two 
 o'clock in the morning and increased in violence 
 until three o'clock, when it reached the climax, 
 and it was during this hour that the principal 
 damage was done. It affected all portions of the 
 city alike, and from Newton Creek to Coopers 
 Creek at daylight the streets were found to be 
 blockaded with displaced roofs, debris from demol- 
 ished walls and shattered and uprooted trees. 
 Nearly two hundred houses were unroofed and 
 many unfinished buildings were leveled. 
 
 The Second Baptist Church, the Union Method- 
 ist Episcopal Church and the Tabernacle Method- 
 ist Episcopal Church were unroofed and a large 
 stack at the Nickle works, on Coopers Creek, was 
 blown down, crushing a house in its fall. Although 
 the height was reached at three o'clock, the tor- 
 nado swept with great force for several hours, and 
 about six o'clock blew a train from the track of the 
 Camden, Gloucester and Mount Ephraim Railroad 
 as it was crossing the meadow below Atlantic Ave- 
 nue, and injured Wm. Dorell, the superintendent, 
 Conductor Wm. H. Fults and Charles Hallam, a 
 passenger. Thos. A. Wilson, president of the 
 Horse Railroad Company, was injured by a falling 
 chimney, and a number of others received injuries, 
 but not a life was lost. The peculiar action of the 
 wind is shown by giving one out of many in- 
 stances : The Union Methodist Episcopal Church, 
 extending back to Newton Avenue, was unroofed, 
 as were houses on Broadway, while a row of tall, 
 frail frame houses between them did not lose a 
 shingle. 
 
 There was not much rain, but the strong wind 
 blew the water into Delaware Bay and up the 
 river, causing the tides to rise to an unprecedented 
 height. The water reached Locust Street on 
 Kaighn Avenue and Front Street on Market, sur- 
 rounding the West Jersey Hotel, so that boats 
 were used to reach it, and the ferry-boats ceased 
 running because the people could not get to the 
 slips. The river-bank liclow Kaighns Poiut was 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 555 
 
 overflowed, flooding the meadow and so washing 
 the Ferry road, Broadway and the West Jersey. 
 Railroad as to render them impassable, and pas- 
 sengers by the railroad were transferred at Glouces- 
 ter City and brought hither in boats. 
 
 The Cyclone of 1885. — On the afternoon of 
 August 3, 1885, a cyclone struck the city, uprooting 
 trees, damaging or demolishing over six hundred . 
 houses, involving a loss of nearly a million dollars, 
 wounding a number of persons and causing the 
 death of four. It had been raining heavily, the 
 storm coming from the eastward, and, crossing the 
 river, met a storm coming from the west, and the 
 struggle of the two for mastery caused the unusual 
 atmospheric disturbance. The opposing forces first 
 came in contact in the southern section of Phila- 
 delphia, known as the "Neck," and uniting 
 continued in a zigzag direction to the New 
 Jersey side, and north through the eastern and 
 northern portions of Camden, across the river to 
 Richmond, its northern limits. It was not a tor- 
 nado nor a whirlwind. Trees were not twisted off, 
 nor were they prostrated in one direction. On 
 opposite sides of the street, tree-tops in some 
 places were towards each other, in other cases were 
 away from each other, while the wall of one house 
 was pressed in, and the next one forced out, as if 
 two mighty wrestling Titans were struggling for 
 the mastery, with their feet scuffling on the ground, 
 sometimes pressing stones into the earth, and then 
 scattering them in all directions ; so these two 
 storm-clouds, coming from opposite directions and 
 contending for the right-of-way, rose and fell and 
 swayed to and fro, crushing or pushing aside what- 
 ever occupied the location of the conflict. The 
 east-born storm had passed over, but the west-born 
 storm was the stronger of the two, and forcing its 
 antagonist back, made the fight in this city. 
 
 The total length of the battle-field did not exceed 
 six miles, while its breadth ranged from one hun- 
 dred to eight hundred feet. Beyond this scope all 
 was peaceful. While the storm was playing havoc 
 on Federal, at Second and Third, a cai'-load of pas- 
 sengers at Fifth and Federal did not know of the 
 storm until told. Its duration was brief, almost 
 momentary. The southern ends of the storms came 
 in contact at 3.25 p.m., and the points of contact ran 
 rapidly all along the line. Careful observers said 
 the northern point of collision was reached in from 
 one to two minutes. Like two heavy planks in 
 contact at one end allowed to come together by the 
 force of gravity, forcing out the air and other 
 material between them, so the two storms came to- 
 gether in the " Neck," closed up rapidly along their 
 length, squeezing the air from between their un- 
 
 even edges, in all directions, and with uneven force 
 and zigzag course. 
 
 The cyclone began in the "Neck," where there 
 was nothing to harm, and moving east nearly, 
 crossed the river to Gloucester City, in its way 
 striking the after-part of the ferry-boat " Peerless," 
 on her way from Gloucester Point to Philadelphia, 
 carrying away the pilot-house and a team of horses, 
 otherwise doing no damage. The course then led 
 northwest to the Pennsylvania Salt-Works, which 
 were partially demolished. Turning east of north, 
 towards Camden, it recrossed the river, striking 
 the Salem steamboat " Major Eeybold," sweeping 
 away her upper works, and with them several per- 
 sons, including the pilot, named Townsend, who 
 was the only one lost, although the upper psu-t of 
 the boat was a total wreck. 
 
 Crossing the river, it reached Kaighns Point, 
 and, passing over the large machine and boiler 
 shops of Dialogue's ship-yard, fell upon the 
 work-shop, a hundred feet away, and crushed it to 
 the ground, leaving the debris where it fell. 
 Rising, and moving north, the cyclone did no 
 harm to ferry-house, mills and many dwellings, 
 but passed on to the premises of the American 
 Dredging Company, a half-mile away, except to 
 drop a foot upon a large spar-shed, above Kaighn 
 Avenue, and push it over, burying, without 
 hurting, several men. 
 
 Beaching the dredging works composed of seve- 
 ral buildings, it fell upon the machine-shop, which 
 it leveled. Among those in the building, who, 
 seeing the cyclone coming, ran out, were George 
 Daisy, Harry Stevens and Benjamin Smith. The 
 two former were found at a distance, the first dead, 
 the second with a leg crushed off by a piece of 
 timber. The last-named threw himself upon the 
 ground, and rolled and tossed for some distance, 
 but escaped with bruises. 
 
 John H. Dialogue, of the Delaware River Iron 
 Ship-Building Works, at Kaighns Point, thus de- 
 scribed the phenomena : 
 
 " I was in my office at 3.25 p.ji., when my son 
 called my attention to the barometer, which sud- 
 denly fell from 30j% to 29 . This portended mis- 
 chief, and, looking towards the southwest, I saw and 
 heard the storm passing over the Pennsylvania 
 Salt Works, tossing the buildings like chaflf. Then 
 it struck the steamer ' Major Reybold,' which was 
 nearly abreast of my place, and portions of her 
 upper works were whirled four hundred feet in the 
 air. A loud roaring preceded the storm, which 
 resembled a dense mass of rolling' black smoke, 
 traveling within ten feet of the water. It crossed 
 the river, crushed one of my buildings, and, jiits- 
 
556 
 
 HISTOEY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 ing north, struck the machine-shop of the dredging 
 company, crushing it and passing on. A singular 
 phenomenon was noticed, not alone by me, but by 
 all my men : a large ball of fire, fully ten feet in 
 diameter, accompanied the storm-cloud. It moved 
 with great rapidity, and exploded two liundred 
 and fifty yards north of me, with a report so ter- 
 rific as to shake the foundation of the building in 
 which I stood. The sky to the east was unusually 
 bright, with a rainbow appearance, and was one of 
 the most remarkable sights I ever witnessed. The 
 storm moved north, not straight, but in a zigzag 
 course, not horizontal, but undulating, up and 
 down, now sweeping the ground, and then passing 
 over houses and tree-tops." 
 
 Hotels. — The West Jersey Hotel was built by 
 the West Jersey Ferry Company in 1849, and 
 was leased to Israel English until 1866. James 
 Bodine then became the proprietor and remained 
 such for three years, or until 1869, and since that 
 time it has been conducted by Mr. Kirbride, 
 George Campbell, George Cake, James Titus and 
 Captain John Mount. In 1883, it was leased to 
 Stephen Parsons, the present proprietor. When 
 built it was close by the bank of the river, the 
 ferry slips being upon the opposite side of Dela- 
 ware Avenue. At the slips nearest Market Street 
 the steamboats " Billy Peiin " (as then called) and 
 " Southwark " made connections with Philadelphia 
 by way of Callowhill Street wharf, and at the ad- 
 joining slips the "Mariner" and "Merchant" 
 steamers made regular trips, from Market Street, to 
 Philadelphia. The main slip has been extended 
 from the hotel into the river five hundred feet, and 
 the wharves nine hundred feet. 
 
 Stephen Parsons is descended from English 
 ancestors, his grandfather, Stephen Parsons, a na- 
 tive of England, being the first member of the fam- 
 ily to emigrate to America. The children of the 
 latter are Stephen, William, Joseph, Thomas, 
 Rebecca (Mrs. Eeeves Metcalf) and Ellen (Mrs. 
 James Anderson). Thomas, of this number, was 
 born in 1797, in Beading, Pa., and spent his life 
 principally in Burlington, Atlantic and Cumber- 
 land Counties, N. J., where he was for many years 
 a manufacturer of iron. In politics he was first 
 an Old-Line Whig, later a Republican, and filled 
 the ofiices of lay judge of Atlantic County and 
 justice of the peace. Mr. Parsons married a Miss 
 Champion, of Gloucester (now Atlantic) County, 
 N. J., whose children are Harriet (Mrs. Elmer 
 Smith), Joseph and one who died in infancy. All 
 are now deceased. He married, a second time, 
 Hannah Taylor, of Burlington County, N. J., to 
 whom were born children,— Stephen, Martha (Mrs. 
 
 Jeremiah Zane), Elizabeth Ann (Mrs. Richard 
 Vannaman), Ellen (Mrs. Godfrey Hancock), Mary 
 (Mrs. Daniel Erdman), John T. (who was lost on 
 the steamer " New Jersey," plying between Phila- 
 delphia and Camden), Thomas (deceased), Rebecca 
 (Mrs. Eli Braddock), Arabella, James A., Sarah 
 (Mrs. Benjamin T. Bright) and Henry C. (de- 
 ceased). Stephen Parsons, the eldest of the chil- 
 dren, was born on the 24th of June, 1821, in Bur- 
 lington County, N. J., and removed in infancy to 
 Cumberland County, where his early youth was 
 chiefly spent. Later, becoming a resident of Glou- 
 cester County, he received his education at private 
 schools, frequently being obliged to walk a long 
 distance for that purpose. Mr. Parsons for many 
 years assisted his father in lumbering and farming, 
 but, desiring a wider and more independent field 
 than was thus opened to him, he, in 1844, removed 
 to Camden and embarked in the business of hotel- 
 keeping with Richard C Cake. Here he remained 
 ten years, ultimately becoming sole proprietor of 
 the house known as Parsons' Hotel. This hotel 
 was built in 1764, and was devoted to the uses of a 
 public-house until 1882, when it was demolished. 
 Mr. Parsons then sought another field, and became 
 the popular landlord of the Fulton House, at At- 
 lantic City. In 1884 he leased the West Jersey 
 Hotel, Camden, which is at present under his suc- 
 cessful management. 
 
 Mr. Parsons was, in 1848, married to Sarah, 
 daaghter of Nathaniel Steelman, of Atlantic 
 County, who died in August, 1849. He was a 
 second time married, October 31, 1863, to Mrs. 
 Emma A. Rice, daughter of Sylvester Senseman, 
 of Philadelphia. The larger part of Mr. Parsons' 
 life has been devoted to the duties of a landlord, 
 though other interests have also engaged his atten- 
 tion. A Republican in politics, he has never par- 
 ticipated in the strife for ofiice, nor been the recip- 
 ient of political honors. He is a member of the 
 Independent Order of Odd Fellows and connected 
 with Senatus Lodge, No. 76, of that order. 
 
 The South Ferry Hotel, located at the southeast 
 corner of Kaighn Avenue and Front Street, has 
 been known to the citizens of Camden as a hotel, 
 and its gardens as a place of resort, for more than 
 a century. Originally it was a farm-house, built by 
 one of the Kaighn family ; the exact date when it 
 was converted into a hotel is unknown, but the 
 names of the landlords are familiar to the old resi- 
 dents, and include Adon Wills, Ebenezer Toole 
 Captain George Bender, Hewlings Haines, Aaron 
 Hillman, William Bryant, John Kinsell, Daniel 
 W. Beckley, Abraham Smith, Sothron Norcross, 
 ex-Sherift' Leeds, Daniel Wells, William Sands, 
 
^/^<^<?^^^>^ 
 
^^^ 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 557 
 
 Theodore Grug and the present proprietor, John 
 Korn. 
 
 When first opened as a hotel it was close by the 
 river-bank, and the ferry-boats, when started, had 
 their slip just across the street. The hotel is now 
 nearly two squares away from the Kaighns Point 
 Ferry, the intervening ground having been filled 
 in and built up to within a short distance of the 
 ferry slip. It, however, still retains its name of 
 South Ferry Hotel. A century ago it was a fa- 
 mous place of resort in the summer days for citi- 
 zens of Philadelphia. 
 
 The Avenue Hotel, northeast corner of Fifth 
 Street and Bridge Avenue, was opened in 1883 by 
 the present proprietor, August C. Miller, who 
 made additions and alterations to the original pre- 
 mises, making the entire area for hotel purposes 
 thirty-six by eighty-five feet. The hotel has an 
 excellent location on the line of the West Jersey 
 Railroad and near the city buildings. 
 
 The Ferry Hotel, at the foot ot Kaighn Avenue 
 and near the Ferry House, was built in 1864 by 
 Dorman & Stout, the contractors for the owner 
 John E. Reese. Hugh Miller was the first pro- 
 prietor and kept it until 1868, when it was leased 
 to John Bamford, who has since conducted it. 
 
 The City Hotel, No. 112 Market Street, was 
 built in 1864 for a large clothing house by a Mr. 
 Holmes. In 1866 it was leased to the present pro- 
 prietor, Lewis Herbst, who remodeled it and built 
 a two-story brick addition at the rear, making the 
 front twenty-five feet by one hundred feet deep. 
 
 Geokge Campbell was the son of John Camp- 
 bell, a member of the Society of Friends and a na- 
 tive of Camden County, where he was born on the 
 12th of May, 1799, and died July 11, 1882. Mr. 
 Campbell resided during his life-time in the county 
 of his birth, where he was chiefly engaged in labor 
 pertaining to the career of an agriculturist. He 
 married Mary, daughter of George Horn, of the 
 same county, who was born October 31, 1803, and 
 died August 24, 1883. Their children are Mary 
 Jane, Anna, George, John, Jr., and Charles, who 
 died in youth. Georg«, of this number, was born 
 on his father's farm on the 29th of December, 
 1838, and received his early education at the dis- 
 trict school near his home, after which he pursued 
 his studies in Camden. Leaving the farm at the 
 age of eighteen, he removed to Camden and en- 
 gaged in the coal business. A few years after he 
 formed a copartnership with his brother John, and 
 embarked in the livery business, to which was 
 67 
 
 subsequently added extensive contracts for street- 
 paving. Continuing thus employed until 1876, he 
 in that year sold his interest to his brother, and 
 later became landlord of the West Jersey Hotel, 
 in Camden, which he managed successfully for 
 three years. Mr. Campbell, in 1883, repurchased 
 the livery business, and continued its management 
 until his death. He was, on the 6th of July, 
 1865, married to Louisa, daughter of Samuel H. 
 Warwick, of Camden. Their children are two 
 sons, — Harry W., in his twenty-first year, and 
 George Percy, aged fifteen. Mr. Campbell was in 
 politics an active Republican, and, while a zealous 
 worker for the success of his party, invariably de- 
 clined all proficrs of office. Endowed with keen 
 perceptions and a mature judgment, his business 
 ventures were usually successful, while his kindly 
 nature and genial bearing won for him many 
 friends. Mr. Campbell was an earnest supporter 
 of the Union cause during the late war, and 
 raised a company which only the most importu- 
 nate entreaties on the part of his parents prevented 
 his leading to the field. His means and influ- 
 ence were ever at the service of the government. 
 The death of George Campbell occurred on the 5th 
 of September, 1886. 
 
 John Campbell, Jr., was born October 26, 
 1840, on his father's farm in Newton township, 
 which he now owns. He attended school near by 
 his home until his parents removed to Camden, 
 when he became a pupil in the school kept by a Mr. 
 Wells, at Fourth and Market Streets. Afterward 
 he had charge of his father's farms for two years, 
 and later was associated with his brother George 
 in the coal business, and with his brother in the 
 livery business. Market and Delaware Avenue. His 
 brother becoming the proprietor of the West Jer- 
 sey Hotel, Mr. Campbell continued the livery 
 business alone, and also took contracts for paving 
 streets. He was in the paving business about 
 eight years. He sold his livery to his brother 
 George, and since that time has been in the real 
 estate business. He is a Republican politically, 
 and has been a member of the Council since 1881, 
 serving at this time his second term. He is chair- 
 man of the Committee of Highways and chairman 
 of the Building Commission. He was married, 
 October 16, 1870, to Elizabeth Mason Eeade, 
 daughter of John S. and Margaret Mason Reade, 
 of Camden. He has two children, — John Reade 
 and Mary Anna. 
 
558 
 
 HISTOKY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 CHAPTEE IX. 
 
 SECRET AND BENEVOLENT SOCIETIES. 
 
 Free Masonry— Tho Indepandent Order of Odd FcIIowb— Knights of 
 Pythias— Improved Order of Red Men— Knights of the Golden 
 Eagle— Ancient Order of United Workmen— Brotherhood of the 
 Union- Order of United American Mechanics- Independent Order 
 of Mechanics — Miscellaneous Societies. 
 
 FREE MASONRY. 
 
 The early history of Free Masonry in New 
 Jersey is involved in a shade of obscurity, yet 
 there is evidence that it existed in the province 
 nearly a century and a half ago, and was intro- 
 duced but a few years after its revival in England. 
 In 1729, Daniel Ooxe, a large proprietor in West 
 Jersey, and for many years a justice of the 
 Supreme Court, was appointed Provincial Grand 
 Master for New Jersey, under the seal of the Duke 
 of Norfolk, Grand Master of England. 
 
 There is no evidence that the appointment 
 resulted in the establishment of any lodges in the 
 province, and it is presumable that in those times 
 temporary lodges were convened, at irregular inter- 
 vals, to give the craftsmen an opportunity of en- 
 joying fraternal amenities, and promoting the 
 cultivation of Masonic science among the scattered 
 brethren. At these esoteric communications it is 
 probable that candidates were initiated into the 
 ancient mysteries of the craft under a dispensa- 
 tion from the Grand Master. 
 
 The first deputation for New York was granted 
 in 1737, during the Grand Mastership of the Earl 
 of Darnley, to Richard Biggs as Provincial Grand 
 Master, and neither is there any record of his 
 having established any lodges or doing anything 
 towards organizing or extending the order. 
 
 By the deputation of Grand Master Coxe, there- 
 fore, whose jurisdiction included New York and 
 several other provinces, it is safe to say that the 
 history of Free Masonry on American soil had 
 its starting-point in the province of New Jersey. 
 
 On December 18, 1786, a convention was held 
 in New Brunswick, and a Grand Lodge was 
 organized, the Hon. David Brearley, chief justice 
 of the State, being elected Grand Master. From 
 that time Masonry in New Jersey has a distinctive 
 history, and the growth and prosperity of the 
 institution in the century which nearly elapsed 
 since the organization of that body, both at home 
 and in other States, is a matter of pride and 
 congratulation to the twelve thousand craftsmen 
 now within the borders of the foster-mother of 
 American Free Masonry. 
 
 The first regularly organized lodge ot which we 
 have auy record, and which antedates the Grand 
 
 Lodge by nearly a quarter of a century, is St. 
 John's Lodge, No. 1, F. and A. M., of Newark, 
 which was instituted 13th day of May, 1761. 
 
 Camden Lodge, No. 15, F. and A. M.— This 
 lodge was originally organized and set to work No- 
 vember 21, A.L. 5821, and continued at work until 
 the year 1842 as Camden Lodge, No. 45, F. A. M.,, 
 holding its meetings at Vauxhall Garden, at the 
 southwest corner of Fourth and Market Streets, 
 and ceased work from lack of interest on the part 
 of its members. The warrant was surrendered 
 and the effects of the lodge were sold at constable's 
 sale to satisfy the landlord. 
 
 On March, 29, A.l. 5849, a petition signed by 
 Richard W. Howell, John W. Mickle, Richard 
 Fetters, Thomas W. Mulford, Joseph Taylor, 
 Charles S. Garrett, George House, Waters B. 
 Miller, Josiah Shivers, George W. Carpentei*, Jesse 
 Hall and Ezekiel Hall (all of whom are deceased 
 except Waters B.Miller and Jesse- Hall, neither 
 of whom now hold membership with No.l5) was sent 
 to the Grand Lodge, praying for a new charter. 
 This petition was recommended by Mount Holly 
 Lodge, No. 14, April 17, A.L. 5849, and on the 
 18th day of April, a.l. 5849, Worthy Brother John 
 P. Lewis, (irand Master of the M. W. G. Lodge of 
 New Jersey, set Camden Lodge to work by dis- 
 pensation, in the third-story room of the southeast 
 corner of Second and Plum, where the lodge 
 continued to work for a short time, when they 
 removed to the present hall, southeast corner of 
 Fourth and Market Streets, and still continue. 
 At the session of the M. W. G. Lodge of New 
 Jersey, held at Trenton, January 9, a.l. 5850, 
 the old warrant was restored to the petitioners, 
 and the number changed to 15 on the recommen- 
 dation of the committee to whom petition was 
 referred. Camden Lodge, No. 15, is justly styled 
 the mother lodge of Masonry in Camden and 
 vicinity. 
 
 The following lodges were recommended to the 
 Grand Lodge of New Jersey by Camden No. 15 : 
 Glassboro', No. 85 ; Jlonic, No. 94, Florence"; No. 
 87 ; and Trimble, No. 117. Other lodges have 
 been instituted by recommendation from these 
 lodges. 
 
 Since Camden Lodge, No. 15, has been work- 
 ing it has had a roll of membership of some 550; 
 403 persons have been made Master Masons, 10 
 persons Fellowcrafts, 30 Entered Apprentices and 
 99 have afiiliated from other lodges. The roll of 
 Past Masters shows 30 who have served as Master 
 of this lodge, 9 of whom are deceased, 2 with- 
 drawn, 1 affiliated, 20 still active members. This 
 lodge has furnished the Most Worthy Grand Lodge 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 559 
 
 of New Jersey with 2 Grand Masters, 2 Deputy 
 Grand Masters and 1 Senior Grand Warden. 
 
 The finances of the lodge are carefully taken 
 care of, and all the surplus invested for future use. 
 
 The present roll shows some two hundred active 
 members, and the lodge is in a very healthy 
 condition. The present corps of officers is as 
 follows: John E. Fagen, Worthy Master; David 
 M. Spence, Senior Warden ; John Cherry, Junior 
 Warden ; Joseph P. Weatherby, Treasurer ; James 
 M. Cassady, P. M., Secretary; Edmund B. Learn- 
 ing, Senior Deacon ; Harry P. Paul, Junior Dea- 
 con ; Byron Sharp, S. M. C. ; E. Hitner Geise, 
 J. M. C. ; William Cline, Senior Steward ; Howard 
 Carrow, Junior Steward ; Charles H. Gordon, 
 Tiler; J. S. R. Cassady, P. M., Marshal ; C. Henry 
 Kain, P. M., Organist ; Louis T. Derousse, G. 
 Genge Browning, J. S. R. Cassady, Trustees; 
 Representatives in the Masonic Board of Relief, 
 David M. Spence, John N. West, James W. Ayers, 
 S. Glover Rudderow and Joseph F. P. Reed. The 
 present Secretary has held this position contin- 
 uously since December, a.l. 5852. 
 
 Ionic Lodge, No. 94, F. A. M., was organized 
 in the house of James \V. Wroth, on Stevens Street, 
 April 20, 1868. The following-named persons 
 were the original members: W. Wallace Goodwin, 
 J. H. Stone, Alexander Mecray, Thomas J. Fran- 
 cis, B. A. Pine, James A. Perry, Frederick P. 
 Pfeiffer, Thomas McDowell, John W. Rogers, 
 James W. Wroth, Isaac C. Githens, Christopher 
 C. Smith, Samuel J. Fenner, Oliver W. Goodwin, 
 George E. AVilson, George W. Watson, Richard 
 Perks, Charles W. Sartori, John Goldthorpe, 
 Albion Craven, James T. Robertshaw, D. W. J. 
 Button, Seth Thomas, Charles H. Snyder, John 
 R. Cunningham and Thomas Hinchman. 
 
 They decided upon the formation of a lodge to 
 be called "Corinthian," and selected as temporary 
 officers: W. M., W. W. Goodwin; S. W., Thomas 
 McDowell ; J. \V., John W. Rogers. A petition 
 recommended by Camden, No. 15, was presented 
 May 12th and June 22d. A dispensation was 
 granted by R. W. G. S. W. James H. Stevens, who 
 appointed Isaac C. Githens Secretary, and James 
 W. Wroth Treasurer, to act until relieved. They 
 thus worked until February 2;i, 1869, when they 
 received the charter as Ionic Lodge, No. 94, and in 
 the Central Hall were constituted, and these offi- 
 cers installed: W. M., W. W. Goodwin; S. W., 
 Thomas McDowell ; J. W., J. W. Rogers ; Treas- 
 urer, J. W. Wroth ; Secretary, Isaac C. Githens ; 
 Chaplain, William H. Jeffisrys. 
 
 The lodge prospered and increased to over two 
 hundred members, with a strong financial basis, 
 
 under the following-named Worthy Masters : W. 
 Wallace Goodwin, Thomas McDowell, John W. 
 Rogei-s, Seth Thomas, Josiah Matlack, Isaac C. 
 Githens, George Shattuck, William T. Brewer, 
 Edward Furlong, James S. Smyth, John R. Grubb, 
 William C. Goodrich, Charles H. Austin, William 
 S. Casselman, J. B. Kelsey, George H. Hammond 
 and George Van Benschoten. Three flourishing 
 lodges are offshoots of Ionic, — Merchantville, No. 
 119; Mozart, No. 121; and Haddonfield Lodge, 
 No. 130. The officers for 1886 are : W. M., John 
 D. Leckner, M.D.; S. W., F. F. Hogate; J. W., 
 Thaddeus P. Varney; Treasurer, Horace Sharp; 
 Secretary, Frank F. Michellon. The latter has 
 held the office since 1871, and Christopher C. 
 Smith has been Tiler since the formation of the 
 lodge. 
 
 Tetmble Lodge, No. 117, F. A. M., was insti- 
 tuted under warrant bearing date January 19> 
 1871, and signed by G. M., William E. Pine; D. 
 G. M., William Wallace Goodwin; S. G. W., 
 Nathan Haines ; J. G. W., James V. Bentley ; and 
 G. S., Joseph H. Hough. D. G. M. W. W. Good- 
 win instituted the lodge, assisted by members of 
 the Grand Lodge, in Masonic Hall, and placed 
 these officers in position: W. M., George H. Fair- 
 field; S. W., George F. Fort; J. W., llarmaduke 
 B. Taylor : S. D., Nathan F. Cowan ; J. D., Fred- 
 erick A. Rex ; Treasurer, H. Genet Taylor ; Sec- 
 retary, J. Graham Milligan. The others named in 
 the warrant were William S. Fort and Wilbur 
 F. Rose. The following were the charter mem- 
 bers: George H. Fairfield, George F. Fort, Wil- 
 liam S. Fort, Marmaduke B. Taylor, H. Genet 
 Taylor, Wilbur F. Rose, J. Graham, E. Milligan, 
 Nathan F. Cowan, Frederick A. Rex. The mem- 
 bership numbers ninety-four, and is increasing 
 steadily. The meetings are held monthly, in 
 Masonic Hall, Fourth and Market. The officers 
 for 1886 are: W. M., Irving Turner; S. W., Charles 
 H. Stiles ; J. W., Charles O. Brown ; Treasurer, 
 Nathan F. Cowan, P. M. ; Secretary, George H. 
 Fairfield, P. M.; W. D., Jacob Thatcher; J. D., 
 Elmer W. Murdock. This lodge has in its mem- 
 bership some of the most prominent citizens of 
 Camden, including many professional gentlemen, 
 whose names appear in other parts of this work. 
 The meetings are held at Masonic Hall, on the 
 first Friday evening in each month. 
 
 Mozart Lodue, No. 121, F. and A. M., is a 
 German lodge, and received its dispensation from 
 the M. W. Grand Lodge of New Jersey, March 17, 
 1871. R. W. D. G. M. William Wallace Good- 
 win installed the following officers : W. M., Fred- 
 erick P. Pfeiffer; S. W., D. G.Langendorf ; J. W., 
 
560 
 
 HISTOKY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Gustave Grossman ; Treasurer, John Welsch ; Sec- 
 retary, Charles H. Eioeman (deceased); S. D., 
 August 0. Kiceman ; J. D., George Sensfelder ; 
 M.'s of C, George Goetz (deceased) and Solomon 
 Seybold; Tiler, C. C. Smith, of 94. 
 
 The present officers of Mozart Lodge are : W. M., 
 John Heim ; S. W., Frederick Eoedel ; J. W., Jacob 
 Eettberg; Treasurer, William Stein; Secretary, 
 Charles Engel, P. M. ; S. D., August Weber; J. D., 
 Jacob Vissel; M.'s of C, Christian Eckert and 
 George Pfeiffer; Stewards, Levi Bachrach and 
 Henry Schultz; Tiler, C. C. Smith, of 94. Past 
 Masters : Daniel G. Langendorf, Gustave Gross- 
 man, August C. Eiceman, George Sensfelder, Wil- 
 liam Kraft, Charles Engel, George P. Stephany; 
 William Moering, Andrew Kaemmerer, John Heile- 
 man, Frank Mester. Trustees for 1886 are George 
 P. Stephany, P. M., William Moering, P. M., Levi 
 Bachrach. There are forty members. The lodge 
 meets every second Tuesday in the month, at 
 Wildey Hall, corner of Fifth and Pine Streets, at 
 half-past seven o'clock p.m. 
 
 SiLOAM E. A. Chapter, No. 19, Eoyal Arch 
 Masons, was consecrated and instituted on Oc 
 tober 8, 1867, with Comp. Wm. Wallace Goodwin 
 M. E. H. P.; Comp. Seth Thomas, E. K.; Comp' 
 J. L. De La Cour, E. S.; Comp. Jas. W. Wroth' 
 Treasurer; Comp. Chas. I. Fuerig, Secretary. The 
 presiding and subordinate officers, excepting the 
 treasurer and secretary, were changed at the an- 
 nual elections. Comp. Jas. W. Wroth remained 
 treasurer until December, 1868, when he was suc- 
 ceeded by Comp. A. B. Frazee, who, however, 
 served but one year, when Comp. Wroth was 
 again elected treasurer in December, 1869, and 
 served in that position until December, 1878, when 
 he was succeeded by Comp. Nathan F. Cowan, 
 who has been annually re-elected ever since, and 
 holds the position at the present time. Comp. Chas. 
 I. Frieng remained secretary until December, 
 1871, when he was succeeded by Comp. George 
 Shattuck, who was succeeded in December, 1875 
 by Comp. A. Clifford Jackson, who was suc- 
 ceeded, in December, 1877, by Comp. Charles 
 F. Hollingshead, who has been annually re- 
 elected since and holds the position at the 
 present time. The chapter started in 1867 
 with a membership of fifteen, and now numbers 
 two hundred and fifty, and comprises many of the 
 prominent citizens in this part of the State. 
 
 Van Hook Council, No. 8, Eoyal andSelect 
 Masters, is the only council organized in the city 
 of Camden, and, although starting off with but a 
 small membership, has grown to be one of the 
 largest in the State. 
 
 The meetings are held in the hall of Excelsior 
 Consistory, corner of Third and Federal Streets, 
 on the second Wednesday evening of each month. 
 
 The charter bears date of January 21, 1873. The 
 following were the officers : 
 
 Andrew B. Frazee, First Thrice Illustrious 
 Master ; John W. Eogers, First Deputy Illus- 
 trious Master ; Frank A. Fenton, First Principal 
 Conductor of the Work ; Jacob H. Yocum, Jr., 
 First Master of Exchequer; George Shattuck, 
 First Eecorder ; Eichard F. Smith, First Captain 
 of Guard; W. T. Benner, First Conductor of 
 Council; S. S. Edwards, First Steward; C. C. 
 Smith, First Sentinel. 
 
 Following are the present officers of the council : 
 
 Geo. W. Steed, Thrice Illustrious Master ; John 
 S. R. Cassady, Deputy Illustrious Master; 
 John W. Johnson, Principal Conductor of Work ; 
 Andrew B. Frazee, Treasurer ; F. F. Hogate, Ee- 
 corder ; N. F. Cowan, Captain of Guard ; Geo. F. 
 Hammond, Conductor of Council ; Enos Dismant, 
 Steward ; C. C. Smith, Sentinel. 
 
 This council has thirty-one members. Since 
 the organization death has removed eight members 
 of the council, among the number Past Thrice 
 Illustrious Grand Master Frank A. Fenton. Two 
 members of this council have been elevated to the 
 Grand East of thisjurisdiction, — Frank A. Fenton, 
 in 1880, and Edwalrd Mills, in 1885. 
 
 Cyrene Commandery, No. 7, Masonic 
 Knights Teiiplar, was regularly consecrated 
 and constituted under a warrant from the Grand 
 Commandery of the State of New Jersey, on Oc- 
 tober IG, 1868, at the court-house in the city of 
 Camden, Dr. Thos. J. Corson acting as Grand 
 Commander. The five principal officers of the 
 Commandery installed upon that occasion were, — 
 Sir Wm. Wallace Goodwin, Eminent Com- 
 mander ; Sir Jas. H. Stevens, Generalissimo ; Sir 
 John W. Eogers, Captain-General ; Sir James W. 
 Wroth, Treasurer ; Sir Chas. I. Fuerig, Eecorder. 
 The presiding and subordinate ofiicers, excepting 
 the treasurer and recorder, were changed, as is the 
 usual custom at the annual elections. Sir James 
 W. Wroth, treasurer, was annually re-elected until 
 April 18, 1878, when he was succeeded by Sir 
 Nathan F. Cowan, who has been annually re- 
 elected ever since and holds the position at the 
 present time. Sir Chas. I. Fuerig, recorder, was 
 annually re-elected until March 16, 1871, when he 
 was succeeded by Sir George Shattuck, who was 
 annually re-elected until May 10, 1878, when he 
 was succeeded by Sir Chas. F. Hollingshead, who 
 has been annually re-elected ever since and holds 
 the position at this time. 
 
THE CITY OF GAMDEN. 
 
 561 
 
 The commandery started with a membership of 
 nineteen, and its present membership is one hun- 
 dred and fifty, and includes many of the prominent 
 business and professional men of the city. The 
 Past Commanders of Cyrene, or those who have 
 filled the position of presiding ofiicer, are as fol- 
 lows : Sirs Wm. Wallace Goodwin, Andrew B. 
 Frazee, J. Layton Eegister, Geo. E. Wilson, Rich- 
 ard F. Smith, W. B. F. Wood, Jacob H. Yocum, 
 Jr., Robert "F. S. Heath, Seth Thomas, Isaac C. 
 Githens, M. B. Taylor, Wm. H. Stansbury, Wm. 
 Kraft, Jas. P. Weatherby, Wm. M. Davison, 
 Francis Cookson and Edward Mills. The Past 
 Commanders of Cyrene who have served as Grand 
 Commanders of the Grand Commandery of New 
 Jersey are Sirs Wm. Wallace Goodwin, Andrew 
 B. Frazee and I. Layton Register. Past Com- 
 mander, Isaac C. Githens is the present Grand 
 Generalissimo of the Grand Commandery. 
 
 The Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite. 
 — ^This rite was first organized in the " Valley of 
 Camden," in the early part of the year 1870, but 
 owing to necessary delays in a correspondance 
 with the officers and members of the bodies of the 
 rite located at Mount Holly, the organization was 
 not effected until August 4, 1870, when Excelsior 
 Grand Lodge of Perfection, 14°, was set to work. 
 The membership rapidly increased, and soon the 
 organization of Excelsior Council of Princes of 
 Jerusalem, 15° and 16°, and Excelsior Rose Croix 
 Chapter, 17° and 18°, was completed. Meetings 
 were regularly held until 1875, when, from finan- 
 cial troubles and other causes, the work in these 
 bodies was almost suspended, but through the 
 efforts of a few members it was not permitted to 
 die out. 
 
 In 1882, a number of the brethren having died, 
 it was thought proper to hold a "lodge of honor" 
 (being the first ever held in this jurisdiction), at 
 which a large number of Masonic brethren were 
 present, and the beautiful ceremonies not only 
 made a deep impression, but caused new life to 
 be infused into the order. The oration upon this 
 occasion was delivered by Past Thrice Potent 
 Grand Master Marmaduke B. Taylor. 
 
 The new seed sown took deep root and the mem- 
 bership increased so rapidly that it was found 
 necessary to make arrangements to organize a 
 consistory in Camden, as the only one in the State, 
 being located at Jersey City, was considered too 
 remote for the brethren in Camden, many of 
 whom had become members of the Philadelphia 
 Consistory. 
 
 On the 16th day of November, 1883, Excelsior 
 Consistory was set to work, since which time the 
 
 Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite has been the 
 most flourishing Masonic body in the city of 
 Camden. 
 
 The first three bodies of the rite originally were 
 installed in Mount Holly, and the same transferred 
 to Camden, the Mount Holly brethren retaining 
 their membership. 
 
 The present oflicers of the consistory are Edward 
 Mills, 32° Illustrious Commander-in-Chief; Mar- 
 maduke B. Taylor, 32° Illustrious First Lieuten- 
 ant Commander; C. Henry Austin, 32° Illustrious 
 Second Lieutenant Commander ; Frank L. Vinton, 
 32° Grand Master of State ; David M. Spence, 82° 
 Grand Chancellor ; Joseph F. P. Reed, 32° Grand 
 Treasurer ; Isaac C. Githens, 32° Grand Keeper of 
 the Seals and Archives; Genge F. Hammond, 32° 
 Architect ; George Van Benschoten, 32° Hos- 
 pitaler; George Shattuck, 32° Master of Cere- 
 monies; William H. Thompson, 32° Standard- 
 Bearer ; George W. Steed, 32° Captain of the 
 Guard; Charles H. Gordon, 32° Grand Sentinel. 
 
 The present officers of Excelsior Chapter Rose 
 Croix are Geo. W. Steed, 32° M. W. and P. Master ; 
 David M. Spence, 32° M. E. P. and Kt. S. W. ; Geo. 
 Van Benschoten, 32° M. E. P. and Kt. J. W. ; 
 Edward E. Read, Jr., 32° M. E. and P. Kt. G. 
 Orator; Joseph F. P. Read, 32° Resp. and P. Kt. 
 Treasurer; Edward Mills, 32° Resp. and P. Kt. 
 Secretary ; A. B. Frazee, 83° Resp. and P. Kt. 
 Hospitaler ; Thomas B. Woolston, 32° Resp. and 
 P. Kt. M. of C. ; F. F. Hogate, 32° Resp. and P. 
 Kt. C. of G. ; Charles H. Gordon, 32° Resp. Grand 
 Tiler. 
 
 The present officers of Excelsior Council, P. of J., 
 are Andrew B. Frazee, 33° M. E. Sov. P. G. Master ; 
 George W. Steed, 32° G. H. P. Deputy Gr. Master; 
 C. Henry Austin, 32° M. E. Senior Gr. Warden ; 
 Prank B. Delaplaine, 32° M. E. Junior Gr. Warden ; 
 Joseph F. P. Read, 32° Val. Gr. Treasurer; 
 Edward Mills, 32° Val. Gr. Secretary ; Daniel H. 
 Erdman, 32° Val. Gr. Almoner ; Thomas Mc- 
 Dowell, 82° Val. Gr. M. of C ; F. F. Hogate, 32° 
 Val. Gr. M. of E. ; C. H. Gordon, 32° Grand 
 Tyler. 
 
 The present officers of Excelsior Lodge of Per- 
 fection are George F. Hammond, 32° T. P. G. M. ; 
 John S. R. Cassady, 32° Deputy G. M. ; George 
 Van Benschoten, 32° S. G. W.; Frank B. Dela- 
 plaine, 32° J. G. W. ; J. F. P. Read, 32° Gr. Treas- 
 urer ; Edward Mills, 32° Gr. Secretary; E. E. 
 Read, Jr., 32° G. M. C. ; F. F. Hogate, 32° Gr. C. 
 of G. ; George W. Steed, 32° G. Hospitaler; C. 
 H. Gordon, 32° G. Tiler. 
 
 The Past Most Wise and Perfect Masters of 
 Excelsior Chapel of Rose Croix are W. W. Good- 
 
562 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 win, 33° ; F. A. Fenton, 3:2° ; A. B. Frazee, 33° ; 
 Edward Mills, 33° ; J. S. Smith, 32° ; Thomas Mc- 
 Dowell, 32° ; C. Henry Austin, 32° ; George F. 
 Hammond, 32° ; George W. Steed, 32°. 
 
 The Past Sovereign Prince Grand Masters of Ex- 
 celsior Council of Princes of Jerusalem are W. W. 
 Goodwin, 33° ; W. H. Jeffreys, 33° ; J. P. Michellon, 
 32° ; Marmaduke B. Taylor, 32° ; Edwin Mills, 32°; 
 A. B. Frazee, 33°. 
 
 The Past Thrice Potent Grand Masters of Excel- 
 sior Grand Lodge of Perfection are G. H. Pancoast, 
 32° ; W. W. Goodwin, 33°; James H. Stevens, 32°; 
 Marmaduke B. Taylor, 32°; A. B. Frazee, 33°; 
 J. S. Smith, 32°; Thomas McDowell, 32° ; Edwin 
 Mills, 32°; C. Henry Austin, 32°; George F. Ham- 
 mond, 32°. 
 
 Masonic Ladies. — The Grand Lodge of Mason- 
 ic Ladies of New Jersey was instituted September 
 12, 1867, in Mechanics' Hall, Camden, by P. G. L 
 H. P. Elizabeth C. Cline and G. R. Secretary 
 Elizabeth Craig, of Pennsylvania. The first 
 oificers were : G. I. H. P., Mercy Whippy, No. 1, 
 Camden ; G. H. P., Elizabeth Rocap, No. 3, 
 Bridgeton ; G. R. Secretary, Harriet Wright, No. 2, 
 Burlington. There are fifteen lodges within its 
 jurisdiction, with ten hundred and twenty-five 
 members. Its oflicersare : G. I. H. P., Elizabeth 
 Shamelia, No. 2, Burlington ; G. H. P., Annie 
 Elliott, No. 9, Bordentown ; G. R. Secty., Annie 
 M. Quick, No. 1, Camden. 
 
 Mount Zion Lodge, No. 1, Masonic Ladies, 
 was instituted in Mechanics' Hall April 4, 1866, 
 with thirty-five charter members, by G. I. H. P. 
 Elizabeth P. Cline and G. R. S. Elizabeth Craig, 
 of Pennsylvania. These officers were installed- 
 P. I. H. P., Margaret Deith ; I. H. P., Mercy 
 Whippy; H. P., Coctle; S. C, Mary Burnett; R. 
 Secretary, Susanna Quin ; F.S.,Margaretta Hamp- 
 ton ; T., Sarah Gilbert ; S. I., Ruth A. Ross; J. L, 
 Mary M. Lindale ; Tiler, Clara Muckleson. The 
 lodge has prospered and a membership of nearly 
 one hundred has accumulated a reserve fund of 
 three thousand dollars. 
 
 The officers at present dre P. I. H. P., Elizabeth 
 Long; I. H. P., Emily Weldey; H. P., Kate 
 Tyler; R. S., Annie M. Quick; F. S., K. E. 
 Sparks; T.,Ruth A. Boss; S.of C, Ellen Biddle ; 
 S. I., Margaret Whittle; J. I., Elizabeth Kleaver; 
 Tiler, Elizabeth Campbell. 
 
 The members of Mount Zion Lodge who are 
 Past Great Illustrious High Priestesses of the 
 Grand Lodge of New Jersey are Mercy Whippy, 
 Ruth A. Ross, Mary A. Moore and Eliza J. Leil- 
 back. 
 Lily pf the Valley Lodge, 'M. 6, of Masonic 
 
 Ladies was organized May 8, 1867, by Rebecca 
 Thompson, I. G. H. P. ; Emeliue Williams, G. H. 
 P. ; Elizabeth Craig, G. S. Charter granted to 
 Catherine Caldwell, May A. Merkle, Priscilla B. 
 Ayers, Mary West, Isabella Stanbury, Elizabeth 
 Gordon, Mary W. Saunders, Lizzie Anderson, 
 Kate Cadwell, Sai-ah Rickard, Annie Ayers, Ann 
 Porter, Elmira B. Wescott, Sarah P. List, Sarah 
 Jackson, Rachel Litcherfelt, Mary A. Laning, 
 Susan A. Vaugn. The following were the officers ; 
 G. I. H. P., Rebecca Thompson ; G. H. P., Emeline 
 Williams ; G. Sec, Elizabeth Craig. Officers at 
 that time : I. H. P., Priscilla B. Ayres ; P. L H. P., 
 Mary A. Merkle; H. P., Mary West; S. of Cer., 
 Catharine Cadwell; Rec. Sec, Isabella Stansbury ; 
 Fin. Sec, Elizabeth Gordon ; Treas., Mary W. 
 Saunders ; S. Inspectress, Sarah Rickards ; J. In- 
 apectress, Rachel Litchenfelt ; Tiler, Harriet 
 Stiles; S. I., Mattie Randolph; J. L, Cecelia 
 Hauley; Tiler, Anna Smick; Rec. Sec, Kate F. 
 Cadwell; Fin. Sec, Mary M. Davis; Treas., Re- 
 becca Eastlack. 
 
 Colored ]\Iasonic Bodies. — Rising Sun Lodge 
 of Free and Accepted Masons, composed of col- 
 ored citizens, was formed at the house of Ishmael 
 Locks, southeast corner of Fifth Street and Cherry, 
 under a charter granted to Thomas Barns, W. M. ; 
 George Jackson, S. W. ; and Wesley Armstrong, 
 J. W., dated May 13, 1847. In 1849 the meet- 
 ings were held in Butler's Hall, built for the pur- 
 pose, on Sycamore Street, east of Seventh. They 
 afterwards met in a hall on Spruce Street, below 
 Third; in 1874, at Fourth and Walnut, and in 
 1875 in Newton Hall, Broadway and Newton 
 Avenue, which is now the general headquarters of 
 the several Colored Masonic fraternities. The 
 warrant was granted by the Grand Lodge of Penn- 
 sylvania, which received its warrant from Princes 
 Hall Grand Lodge of Massachusetts, in its turn 
 the recipient of a warrant from the Grand Lodge 
 of England, dated September 29, 1784, granting 
 authority to open and hold African Lodge, No. 
 459, in the city of Boston. 
 
 When the Grand Lodge of New Jersey was 
 formed, June 12, 1848, Rising Sun became No. 4, 
 and, on the union of Colored Masons of the State 
 under one jurisdiction, became No. 1, which num- 
 ber it still holds. Rising Sun has furnished a 
 number of Grand Masters of the Grand Lodge of 
 New Jersey, as follows : George Walton, Anthony 
 Colding, George Jackson, Henry Maikey, Demp- 
 sey D. Butler, R. F. Lovett, Jacob F, Derrickson, 
 William R. Shipley and Philip T. Colding. The 
 officers elected in 1886 are— W. M., James H. 
 Leatherberry ; S. W., William O. Castor; J. W., 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 563 
 
 Gilbert Webb; Treasurer, Dempsey D. Butler; 
 Secretary, Jacob T. Derrickson. 
 
 Aurora Lodge, No. 9, F. and A. M., also meets 
 in Newton Hall, as do these co-fraternities, — 
 St. Luke's Chapter, No. 1, Royal Arch Masons; 
 Demolley Commandery, Knights Templar, No. 1 ; 
 Eureka Chapter, Lodge of Perfection, No. 2, Frank 
 T. Webster, M. P. M. ; Oriental Council, No. 2, 
 Princes of Jerusalem, John H. Bean, I. M. E. ; 
 Union Chapter, Knights of Rose Croix, John W. 
 Mays, M. W. ; Dehoco Consistory, Sublime Princes 
 of the Royal Secret, Charles N. Robinson, I. S. C. 
 
 Aurora Lodge, No. 9, Free and Accepted Ma- 
 sons (colored), was instituted, by dispensation, 
 August 11, 1853, and was duly organized by war- 
 rant under the jurisdiction and authority of the 
 M. W. Union Grand Lodge of New Jersey, and 
 was granted to the following : Aaron Fisher, Enoch 
 Little, Freeman Gould, Samuel Cleaver, Hezekiah 
 Kinching, James Venning and Nicholas Boston. 
 The lodge was organized, and met for many years, 
 in the rear of the Macedonia Church, but now 
 meets in Newton Hall. From its foundation all 
 obligations have been met, and no one meeting has 
 been omitted. 
 
 The present officers are : James Robinson, W. 
 M. ; Moses Stevens, S. W. ; George Nixon, J. W. ; 
 James Martin, T. ; Charles N. Robinson. 
 
 The Grand Lodge of New Jersey, which 
 meets in Camden, was organized June 12, 1848, by 
 a convention comprising representatives from 
 these lodges: St. John's, No. 8, Trenton ; Unity, 
 No. 11, Burlington ; Mount Moriah, No. 12, Salem, 
 and Rising Sun, No. 19, Camden. The officers 
 elected were M. W. G. M., George Shrive, No. 8 ; 
 D. G. M., Benjamin Jackson, No. 11 ; S, G. W., 
 Littleton Williams, No. 19; J. G. W., George 
 Jackson, No. 19; G. Treasurer, Benjamin Stew- 
 ard ; Grand Secretary, Joshua Woodlin. 
 
 This Grand Lodge was known as the Union 
 Grand Lodge for the State of New Jersey. A 
 question of sovereignty, in 1850, caused a split, 
 • but in 1875, at a convention representing all the 
 lodges of both jurisdictions, when a union of the 
 two bodies was effected, and the M. W. United 
 Lodge for the State of New Jersey was formed, 
 and the officers elected were M. W. G. M., Charles 
 N. Robinson ; D. G. M., Moses Wilcox ; S. G. W., 
 John H. Bean ; J. G. W., Pierce Brown ; G. T., 
 I. Sample ;.G. S., Jacob T. Derrickson ; Cor. G. 8., 
 J. Henry Hall. 
 
 The United Grand Lodge meets annually at 
 their Grand East, Broadway and Newton Avenue, 
 on the 27th of December, and controls all the 
 lodges of Colored F. .and A. Masons of the State, 
 
 numbering thirty, with an aggregate membership 
 of six hundred. 
 
 The Past M. W. G. Masters of United Grand 
 Lodge are : 1876-77, Charles N. Robinson ; 1878, 
 Joshua Gurney; 1879, Philip T. Colding; 1880, 
 Wm. F. Powell; 1881, John W. Mays; 1882, 
 Paul Hammond; 1883, Philip T. Colding; and 
 1885, George Bailey, Jr. 
 
 The officers for 1886 are M. W. G. M., Francis 
 Farmer; D. G. W. M., John H. Bean ; M. W. G. 
 S. W., John H. Teebut; M. W. G. J. W., Frank 
 H. Chapman; R. W. G. S., Charles N. Robinson ; 
 R. W. G. T., Jacob T. Derrickson ; Deputy of the 
 State of New Jersey for the Thirty-third Degree, 
 P. M. W. G. M., Philip T. Colding. 
 
 independent order of odd-fellows. 
 
 New Jersey Lodge, No. 1. — Ten years after 
 Thomas Wildey had formed the first lodge of In- 
 dependent Order of Odd-Fellows, he came to Cam- 
 den, March 30, 1829, with a charter from the Mary- 
 land Grand Lodge, the fountain-head of Odd-Fel- 
 lowship, and founded New Jersey Lodge, No. 1. 
 Thomas Wildey organized the lodge in person, in 
 the room in Vauxhall Garden. The records have 
 been lost and the names of the first New Jersey 
 Odd-Fellows were lost with them. 
 
 New Jersey Lodge has had an honorable and 
 prosperous career. There have been eight hundred 
 initiated, seven hundred and sixty released, sixty- 
 eight buried and thirty-six thousand dollars paid 
 out for sickness and death. The members num- 
 ber three hundred and twenty, and the meetings 
 are held in Central Hall. These have passed the 
 Noble Grand chair: John B. Thompson, James 
 R. Webb, Samuel Ewan, Webster Gill, Daniel J. 
 Shriner, John PI. Stiles, Reuben Holloway, John 
 Stiles, Jacob P. Stone, Lewis R. Beckett, Wm. K. 
 Burrough, Jonathan J. Sheppard, R. G. Parvin, 
 Alva F. Stetes, Thomas T. Ellis, George W. Ewan, 
 Richard Dillmore, Charles G. Mayhew, Wm. A. 
 Drown, Westcott Campbell, Theodore A. Verlan- 
 der, Wm. O. Lusk, Edward S. King, Joseph M. 
 Bacon, Charles F. Adams, John Smedley, H. H. 
 Pease, Mahlon P. Ivins, Virgil Willett, Harry 
 Powell, Henry Grosskopf, Wm. Husted, Samuel 
 Miles, Stephen Phillips, Samuel Ewen, Benjamin 
 Carlin, Joseph L. Bright and George Fox. 
 
 The officers are, N. G., Wm. E. Rudolph; V. G., 
 John Corson; P. S., Virgil Willett; B.S., Charles 
 Stiles; T., Mahlon F. Ivins; W., David Phillips ; 
 C, John C. Seal ; R. S. S., David Mundy ; L. S. S., 
 George H. Weibel ; R. S. to N. G., P. G., Samuel 
 Mills ; L. S. to N. G., P. G. J. L. Bright ; I. G., 
 Albert Phillips; O. G., A. L. Rudolph ; Chaplain, 
 
564 
 
 HISTOKY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Wm. P. Partenheimer ; R. S- to V. G., Samuel 
 Mills, Jr. ; L. S. to V. (J., Joseph Ayers. 
 
 Chosen FRiENn.s Lodoe, No. 29, I. O. of O. 
 F., of New Jersey, was constituted in Bontemps' 
 Hall, Monday evening, May 12, l<S4o, at which 
 time a special session of the Grand Lodge of New 
 Jersey was held, and the charter presented to the 
 lodge, these Grand officers officiating : Samuel 
 Read, D. D. G. M., presided, assisted by P. G.'s 
 Wm. C. Mulford and C. W. Roberts, of Washing- 
 ton Lodge, No. 21 ; Joseph Carr, of Mount Holly 
 I;odge, No. 19 ; G. M. John Perry and G.S. Wm. 
 Curtis, of the Graud Lodge of Pennsylvania ; 
 Grand Sire Howell Hopkins, of the Grand Lodge 
 of U.S.; Horn R. Kneass and Smith Skinner, 
 Rep. to (t. L. of the U. 8. from G. L. of Pennsyl- 
 vania ; and brothers from Chosen Friends Lodge, 
 No. 100, of Pennsylvania, including P. G. S. 
 James B. Nicholson, now G. S. of the G. L. of 
 Pennsylvania. 
 
 Twenty-two were initiated, including Thomas 
 W. Mulford, John F. Starr, Joseph C. De La Cour, 
 Benjamin Scott, Jr., James W. Shroff', James M. 
 Cassady, Matthew Miller and Michael Letts, and 
 these officers were installed : N. G., John Morgan ; 
 Secretary, Manuel C. White; V. O., Charles Bon- 
 temps ; Treasurer, Isaac Mickle. Chosen Friends 
 has always had a leading influence in the counsels 
 of the order in this State, owing to the men of 
 mark among its members, and of them James I\I. 
 Cassady and John C. Stratford have been Grand 
 Masters. Its Past Grands number thirty-seven. 
 During its forty years of •existence not a meeting 
 has been omitted nor benefits failed of payment 
 when due. 
 
 In that time these sums have been paid for the 
 objects named ; 
 
 Belief ot Iirothers $n,6(i0.()0 
 
 Kclief of wiilowod fiimilieB 1,600,20 
 
 Education of orphaiib 237.00 
 
 Burying tho doad ,'j,8H.'j..'J0 
 
 Total 82.5,383.32 
 
 The lodge, with two hundred and twelve mem- 
 bers, meets in Morgan's Hall, Thursday evenings, 
 and is strong financially. The officers for 1886 
 are: N. (J., Benjamin S. Lewis; R. S., Samuel P, 
 Jones; V. (t., Lewis Traunweiser; P. S., Robert 
 W. Meves. 
 
 Shnatus Lodge, N(J. 7G, was instituted in Bon- 
 temps Hull, February 9, 1848, with these officers 
 in position : P. G., William E. Lafferty; N. G., 
 C. C. Sadler ; V. (}., John R. Graham ; S., W. B. 
 Miller; A. S.,J. F.Cake; T.,WilliamMorrell. The 
 lodge prospered for a time, but from various causes 
 the charter was surrendered in ISA?. In 1868 some 
 
 of the old members, with others, decided to take 
 up the surrendered charter and were duly insti- 
 tuted, with these charter members: E. P. Andrews, 
 John R. Graham, Seth Thomas, J. M. Rodgers, 
 J. M. Sickles, William H. Stansburg, William H. 
 Jeffries, James H. Stevens, F. H. Shinn, Stephen 
 Parsons, Andrew B. Frazee, Frank Skinner, J. 
 Earl Atkinson, A. C. Jackson, William H. Allen. 
 
 Since its reorganization Senatus Lodge has pros- 
 pered. It numbers one hundred and sixty mem- 
 bers, with three thousand dollars invested, and is 
 well provided with costly and complete parapher- 
 nalia for the work of the order. The meetings 
 are held Wednesday evenings in Central Hall. 
 The officers are: N. G., Charles Schnitzler ; R. 8., 
 John Cook; T., W. B. Stewart; V. G., Thomas 
 Fitzgerald ; P. S., Frank M. Tussey. 
 
 WiLDEY L()i)«E,No. 91, was instituted February 
 20,1849. The officers for 1886 are as follows: 
 N. G., John Marshall ; V. fi., Joseph B. Arm- 
 strong ; R. S., Stephen Robinson ; P. 8., A. G. M. 
 Ashley; T., Robert H. Patton. The lodge meets 
 at Wildey Hall every Tuesday evening. The total 
 number of members is one hundred and forty. 
 
 Kane Arctic Loikie, No. 1V>, was organized 
 by warrant dated August 12, 1857, at which time, 
 in Odd-Fellows' (Morgan's) Hall, Hampton Wil- 
 liams, of New Jersey Lodge, No. 1., D.D. Grand 
 Master, installed these officers : Levi Bachrach, 
 N. G. ; William Hage, V. G. ; Emanuel Schneider, 
 T. ; and with them initiated these charter mem- 
 bers : Julius Barth and .lohn M. Hertlein. 
 
 The lodge meets in Central Hall and has a mem- 
 bership of one hundred and thirty ^seven, including 
 thirty-nine Past Grands. The assets amount to 
 $3257, $3000 of which, invested in mortgages, re- 
 alizes $180 per year. The present officers are : 
 Noble Grand, Bernard Kohn ; Vice-Grand, Frid- 
 olin Hanzy ; Recording Secretary, Karl E. Treb- 
 ing; Permanent Secretary, Henry Philipp; Treas- 
 urer, Levi Bachrach. 
 
 Camden Lod(;e, No. 155, was organized Feb- 
 ruary 17, 1871, with the following charter mem- ' 
 hers : Thomas McDowell, Samuel M. Gaul, Chris- 
 topher C. Smith, William Randall, Past Grands ; 
 Frederick G. Thoman, William W. Thoman, 
 Josiah Matlack, Bowman Matlack, Horace Ham- 
 mell, Andrew J. Cunningham and William T. 
 Brewi'r. The organization took place in Wil- 
 dey Hall, where the lodge has met since. It 
 has had a full measure of prosperity, numbers 
 one hundred and fifty-five members and has a re- 
 serve fund of five thousand dollars. The Past 
 Grands number twenty-six, and P. G. William T. 
 Brewer is a Past Grand Master. The present 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 565 
 
 officers are : N. G., Samuel M. Baker ; V. G., 
 Thomas R. Murphy ; R. S. P. G.. Frank P. Jack- 
 son ; P. S. P. G., Edward G. Bagge ; T. P. G., 
 Josiah Matlack. 
 
 Camdex Excampmext, No. 12, instituted 
 August 13, 1846, meets Fourth and Market, at 
 Morgan's Hall, second and fourth Friday nights. 
 Number of members, seventy-five. The present 
 officers are : Chief Patriarch, Lewis Traunweiser ; 
 Senior Warden, Sewell H. CoUey; Scribe, John 
 Matlack ; Treasurer, Benjamin D. Coley ; High 
 Priest, Samuel Mills, Sr- ; Junior Warden, Robert 
 R. Kates; O. S. C, Xathan A. Carter; I. S. C, 
 Theo. W. Pimm ; Guide, Henry Grosskopf. 
 
 Fame EscAMPME>rT, No. 26, was instituted 
 August 14, 1851. The officers for 1886 are as fol- 
 lows : C. P., Sam. M. Baker; H. P., James Hough- 
 ton ; S. W., Asa Kirby ; J. W., H. J. House ; T., 
 Joseph B. Fox ; S., A. George M. Ashley. This 
 encampment meets at Wildey Hall the first and 
 third Friday evenings of every month. The total 
 number of members is forty-eight. 
 
 Cajstox RidgilEY, No. 5, Patriarch Mili- 
 tant, was instituted March 8, 1SS6. The present 
 number of members is twenty. The present offi- 
 cers are: Captain, Jonathan J. Sheppard ; Lieu- 
 tenant, James Houghton ; Recorder, John W. 
 Matlack ; Accountant, George Wailes ; Ensign, 
 Benjamin F. Fortiner. Meetings are held at the 
 northwest corner of Second and Federal Streets on 
 the first and second Wednesday evenings of each 
 month. 
 
 Mount Zion Lodge, Xo. 7, Daughtees of 
 Rebekah, was instituted Xovember 17, 1868. 
 Meetings are held at Fourth and Market Streets, 
 in Morgan's Hall, on the first and third Friday 
 nights. The present officers are : Xoble Grand, 
 Robert R. Kates; Vice-Grand, Mrs. H. Strang; 
 Secretary, John W. Matlack ; Financial Secretary, 
 Lucy Hubbs ; Treasurer, Priscilla'Johnson ; R. S. 
 N. G., Mary Campbell ; L. S. N. G., Mary Corson ; 
 Warden, J. W. Johnson ; Conductor, Mary Paul ; 
 L S. S., Lewis Traunweiser; O. S. S. Xathan 
 Carter; Chaplain, Althea Bond; R. S. V. G., 
 Jane Hearu; L. S. Y. G., Arietta Lewis. The 
 lodge has two hundred members. 
 
 The Odd-Fellows' FrxEKAL Aid Associa- 
 Tiox, of Camden, wa-s instituted October 16, ISiiS. 
 The number of members at present is two hundred 
 and forty-five. The present officers are : President, 
 W. C. Husted ; Vice-President, A. G. M. Ashley; 
 Secretary, John W. Matlack ; Treasurer, Benjamin 
 D. Coley; Directors, Samuel W. Stivers, Thomas 
 W. Pimm, Benedict Youngman, Levi Bachrach, 
 68 
 
 Harry Bennett, Conrad Austermuhl, Joseph Der- 
 hamer, Lewis C. Harris, James Maguire. 
 
 KXIGHTS of PYTHIAS. 
 
 The Knights of Pythias, a secret benevolent or- 
 der, was organized in the city of Washington, D. C, 
 February 19, 1864, by J. H. Rathbone. On No- 
 vember 28, 1867, Honorable Stephen D. Young, 
 William B. French, Robert F. S. Heath, Richard 
 B. Wilmot, John Matlack, George W. Conrow, 
 Charles Slayhew, Joseph Braddock and William 
 Penn Repsher, all residents of Camden, were ini- 
 tiated into Damon Lodge, Xo. 8, in Philadelphia. 
 On December 1 2th, of that year, the above-named 
 Knights assembled in Odd-Fellows' Hall, in Cam- 
 den, and were instituted as Damon Lodge by several 
 Grand Officers from Washington, D. C. Upon that 
 occasion nearly fifty gentlemen were initiated, 
 among the number Honorable Samuel Read, who 
 subsequently became the first Supreme Chancellor. 
 P. G. C. Young officiated that evening as Grand 
 Junior Guard. At a later day charters were re- 
 ceived for two lodges. New Jersey Lodge receiving 
 the first number and Damon !N*o. 2. Undoubtedly 
 a mistake had been made, as the members who had 
 been initiated in Philadelphia constituted Damon 
 Lodge in Camden and were justly entitled to the 
 first number. 
 
 The Grand Lodge was organized in Camden 
 March 16, 1S6S. The first annual session was held 
 in Camden April 20, 1868. The Grand Lodge 
 meets annually at Trenton, in February. The fol- 
 lowing were the first Grand Officers : Robert F. S. 
 Heath, Xo. 2, V. G. P. ; Samuel Read, Xo. 1, W. 
 G. C. ; Robert Muffett, No. o, V. G. C. ; William 
 B. French, No. 2, G. R. S. ; Charles W. Heisler, 
 No. 1, G. F. S. ; Anthony Phillips, No. 1, G. B. ; 
 John T. Tompkins, No. 4, G. G. ; John L. Sharp, 
 No. 6, G. I. S. ; Frederick L. Cobb, No. 3, G. 0. S. 
 
 Damon Lodge, No. 2, meets at the southeast 
 corner of Fourth and Market Streets, Monday 
 evenings. It was instituted December 12, 1S67. 
 The first officers were as follows: V. P., Richard 
 B. Wilmot; W. C, Robert F.S. Heath; V. C, 
 John W. Matlack ; R. S., William B. French ; 
 F. S. , Charles G. Mayhew ; Banker, George W. Con- 
 row ; Guide, Samuel E. Radclifi" ; I. S., Stephen 
 D. Young; O. S., Joseph B. Braddock. The 
 present officers are : P. C, Jacob F. Voight ; C. C, 
 Charles J. Barr ; V. C, John O. Zuschnitt ; M. at 
 A., Robert J. Roberts ; M. of E., H. F. Chew; M. 
 of F., Charles E. Fisher; K. of R. and S., Herman 
 Rosade; Prelate, A. H. Clymer; I. G., N. A. 
 Carter ; O. G., John S. Clark, The present number 
 of members is one hundred and twenty. 
 
566 
 
 HISTOKY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEKSEY. 
 
 CoEiNTHiAN Lodge, No. 19, was instituted 
 March 16, 1869, by the following Grand Lodge 
 OiBcers : James A. Parsons, V. G. P. ; William H. 
 Barton, G. C. ; Thomas G. Rowand, V. G. C. ; Ben- 
 jamin C. Tatem, G. B. ; William K. Robinson, 
 G. G. ; J. W. Cochran, G. I. S. ; Samuel I. Wood- 
 ruff, G. O. S. ; William B. French, G. R. S. The 
 officers for the term ending September 1, 1886, 
 were : P. C, Frank B. Sweeten ; C. C, Charles W. 
 Leas ; V. C, J. G. Howard ; P., Benjamin D. 
 Gardner ; K. of R. and S., Harry Fifield ; M. of F., 
 Thomas A. Wood ; M. of E., Benjamin F. Sweeten ; 
 M. at A., William W. Curry ; I. G., Howard Mc- 
 Cormiok ; O. G., C. C. Greeney. The number of 
 members is eighty-seven ; the amount paid for re- 
 lief, eight thousand seven hundred and forty-two 
 dollars. Place of meeting, Morgan's Hall, Fourth 
 and Market Streets, every Tuesday evening. 
 
 Palestine Lodge, No. 1, I. O. Ladies op 
 Pythias, was organized April 1, 1874. The fol- 
 lowing were the first oflicers : P. W. C, Catharine 
 Johnson; F. C, Rebecca Adams; Second C, 
 Emma Johnson ; Scribe of R., Annie M. Quick ; 
 Scribe of F., Sally Carty ; Bankress, Ruth A. Ross ; 
 First Guide, Kate Hagerman ; Second Guide, 
 Kizzie E. Sparks ; First M., Eliza J. Leibecke ; 
 Second M., Emily Kelley ; Sentry of I. G., Mary 
 L. Fields; Sentry of 0. G., Margaret Doyle; Ex., 
 Mattie Gibbs ; Dv., Hannah Connelly. The pres- 
 ent oiScers are : P. W. C, Elizabeth Fames ; F.C., 
 Mary Winters ; S. C, Ellen Biddle; S. R., Annie 
 M. Quick; S. P., Kizzie Sparks; Bankres.s, Ruth 
 A.Ross; F. Guide, Margaret Whittle; S. Guide, 
 Elizabeth Casto; F. M., Rachel Piper; S. M., 
 Elizabeth Lilly; S. of I. G., Lizzie Fames ; S. of 
 O. G., Lois Wriffbrd ; Ex., Elizabeth Long; Dv., 
 Elizabeth Cleaver; Guardsmen, first, Catharine 
 Johnson ; second, Isabella Dobleman ; third, Mary 
 E. Whirlow ; fourth, Margaret Davis ; fifth, Han- 
 nah Snyder ; sixth, Emma Kessler. The number 
 of members is sixty-five. The evening of meet- 
 ing is Wednesday and the place the Hall of the 
 Mechanics, Fourth and Spruce Streets. 
 
 IMPROVED order OF RED MEN. 
 
 This order claims its origin as a patriotic asso- 
 ciation under the title of Society of Red Men, 
 composed of volunteers who were in garrison at 
 Fort Mifflin, on the Delaware River, opposite Red 
 Bank, in 1813. It is a fraternal and benevolent 
 organization, with its ritual based upon the cus- 
 toms of the North American Indians. The officers 
 are known as Sachem, Sagamore and Prophet, and 
 the members as warriors and braves, while the 
 era dates from the landing of Columbus, and their 
 
 time is divided into grand suns, moons, suns, runs 
 and breaths. The subordinate body is called 
 Tribe, that of the State, Great Council, and of 
 the country. Great Council of the United States. 
 The Great Council of New Jersey was instituted 
 in Trenton, by Great Incohonee Robert Sullivan, 
 there being at the time three tribes in the State — 
 Arreseoh, No. 1 ; Lenni Lenape, No. 2; and Red 
 Bird, No. 3. These were under its jurisdiction. 
 
 Iroquois Degree Council, No. 3, was insti- 
 tuted December 18, 1884, the Great Chiefs present 
 being : G. P., Daniel M. Stevens ; G. S., Reuben L. 
 Bowen ; G. J. S., Samuel L. Durand ; G. C. of R., 
 John T. Davies ; G. K. of W., C. G. Zimmerman ; 
 D. G. S., Leonard L. Roray. The first Chiefs were : 
 P., David B. Petersen ; S., George W. Ewan ; S. S., 
 J. C. Mason ; J. S., George Walters ; C. of R., D. 
 C. Vannote; K. of W., Tobias Altman. The 
 present Chiefs are : P., J. C. Mason ; Sachem, 
 Frank Applegate ; S. S., Lemuel Pike ; J. S., Au- 
 gustus Barto ; C. of R., F. H. Drake; K. of W., 
 Tobias Altman. The number of members is thirty- 
 five. The council meets on the second and fourth 
 Tuesdays of each month, at Broadway and Kaighn 
 Avenue. 
 
 Lenni Lbnapb Tribe, No. 2, is the oldest 
 existing tribe of the order in the State, and in 
 numbers and wealth the strongest and richest in 
 the United States. It was instituted May 10, 1850, 
 by Great Incohonee William B. Davis, assisted 
 by Francis Fullerton, of Lenni Lenape Tribe, 
 No. 3, of Pennsylvania, and Great Chief of Records 
 of the United States. These were the charter 
 members : Nathaniel Chew, William F. Colbert, 
 John T. Davis, Timothy C. Moore, Sylvester 
 Rainhard, Joseph Shipley, Daniel S. Garwood, 
 William Beckett, George Wood, E. D. Brister, 
 John Wood, Joseph Myers, Albert Robertson, 
 John W. Hoey, James B. Richardson, Robert 
 Maguire, Joseph B. Hawkins, James O. Stillwell 
 and Anthony Joline. The ofiicerswere as follows: 
 P., Timothy C. Moore ; S., Nathaniel Chew ; S. S., 
 John Wood ; J. S., William F. Colbert ; C. of R., 
 Joseph Myers ; K. of W., Albert Robertson. 
 
 Lenni Lenape has had an eventful career, at 
 times flourishing and at other times so short of 
 funds that a few faithful members paid expenses 
 and benefits out of their private purses, but per- 
 sistence won at last and a flood tide of prosperity 
 set in, which has continued until the Lenni 
 Lenapes number seven hundred and thirty-two 
 and the wampum belt contains $21,370.89. 
 
 Among its members are these Past Great Sachems : 
 George W. Watson, John T. Davis, Charles H. 
 Gordon, Thomas J. Francis and Daniel M. Stevens ; 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 567 
 
 and of its Past Sachems these are living: Timothy 
 C. Moore, Henry A. Breyer, Lewis Zeigler, Samuel 
 J. Fenner, Edward J. Steer, William F. Farr, 
 Samuel D. Watson, George Horneff, George A. 
 Cairole, Thomas J. Eowaiid, Samuel A. Owens, 
 Benjamin M. Braker, Lambert Banes, George 
 Pfeifl'er, William Sheridan, Thomas F. Muckelson, 
 Hope Sutton, James P. Moore, D. D. Worts, 
 Leonard Raray, Benjamin J. Price, John A. Hall, 
 B. S. M. Branning, Abraham Davis, Harry B. 
 Garrison, Walter E. Garwood, George A. Eogers, 
 William C. Davis, Frank P. Jackson, H. Frank 
 Pettit, John A. Harbeson, John Quick, Angus B. 
 Cameron, Lewis Z. Noble, George Leath white, 
 Conrad F. Austermuhl, John K. Seagrove, Charles 
 L. Vansciver, Harry Hoffman, Harry B. Tyler, 
 James H. Eeeve and George W. Davis. The 
 officers are: P., G. W. Davis ; S., Edward Francis; 
 S. S., Samuel Baker ; J. S., Joseph Watson ; C. of 
 E.,L. Z. Noble; K. of W., C. F. Austermuhl; 
 Trustees, T. J. Francis, T. F. Muckelson, J. K. 
 Eeeve, L. L. Earay and H. F. Pettit. 
 
 Ottawa Tribe, No. 15, was instituted in Wash- 
 ington Hall, in the Wigwam of Lenni Lenape, 
 June 2, 1868, by Great Sachem Jame-s A. Parsons, 
 G. S. S. G. Charles H. Gordon; G. K. of W. Charles 
 H. Chew and G. C. of E. John T. Davis, who ini- 
 tiated and installed the following : 
 
 Samuel S. Eadclifif, P. ; George A. Driesback, S. ; 
 Andrew Snyder, S. S. ; Eichard Elwell, J. E. ; 
 Edward L. Duffell, C. of E. ; Joseph L. Bright, K. 
 of W. ; James Smoker, Wm. Soper, Eistine Lippin- 
 cott, Charles Watson, John Haverstick, Charles 
 H. Jeffries, Charles H. Pugh, Thomas Piatt, 
 Leonard Smith, Isaac P. Stone, A. W. Hutchinson, 
 Chas. A. Layer, E. W. N. Custus, Chas. Clenden- 
 ing, George W. Myers, Thos. J. Sparks, John 
 Crookshanks, Josiah Matlack, Edward Eenshaw. 
 Of the thirty-six Past Sachems, these are still 
 members : Joseph L. Bright, John W. Matlack, 
 John Shelhorn, Thos. J. Sparks, Wm. H. Gill, 
 Henry E. Snyder, George Eoth, Edward C. Sparks, 
 Frank H. Tice, Isaac Lippincott, George A. Saund- 
 ers, Elisha Chew, Ernest D. Chafey, Frederick 
 Wahi, Wm. A. Aikens, Clark Osier, John Fox, Jr., 
 Levi B. Eandall, George W. Ewan, Wm. J. Titus. 
 There have been adopted into the Tribe nine 
 hundred and ten pale-faces and the membership 
 numbers four hundred and forty-one. The aggre- 
 gate income since the institution of the tribe has 
 been $34,120.44, and the expenditures, $27,496.84; 
 balance on hand and invested July 1, 1886, $6,- 
 624.62. 
 
 The officers are — Prophet, Wm. J. Titus ; Sa- 
 chem, Nelson Lyons ; Senior Sagamore, John E. 
 
 Gordon; Junior Sagamore, Frank H. Eandall; 
 Chief of Records, Joseph L. Bright ; Keeper of 
 Wampum, Levi B. Eandall; Assistant Chief of 
 Eecords, Harry Sharp. The meetings are now 
 held in Central Hall on Thursday evenings. 
 
 Wyoming Tribe, No. 55, was instituted July 
 8, 1880. The Great Chiefs present were Great 
 Prophet, Wm. P. Hall ; Great Sachem, James M. 
 Smith; G. C. of R., John T. Davis. The first 
 Chiefs of the tribe were Prophet, Joseph H. Min- 
 nett; Sachem, Alonzo Bicking ; Senior Sagamore, 
 Chas. G. Zimmerman ; Junior Sagamore, Wm. F. 
 Propert; C. of R., D. C. Vannote; K. of W., Jos. 
 B. Fox. The present Chiefs— P., J. A. Dold; S., 
 Henry C. Boddy; S. S., Wm. B. Bignell; J. S., 
 Wm. J. Boddy; C. of R., D. C. Vannote ; K. of 
 W., J. B. Fox. The number of members is one 
 hundred and fifty- eight. The lodge meets Wednes- 
 day evenings at Third and Market Streets. 
 
 Metamora Tribe, No. 71, was instituted June 
 4, 1884, with the following Great Chiefs present : 
 G. P., Daniel M. Stevens; G. S., Reuben L. Bo wen ; 
 G. J. S., Samuel L. Durand; G. C. of R., John T. 
 Davis ; G. K. of W., Charles G. Zimmerman. The 
 first Chiefs were — P., Edgar Hardcastle; S., Rich- 
 ard T. Bender ; S. S., Joseph Rubicon ; J. S., Wm. 
 B. Reeves ; C. of R,, Robert King, Jr. ; K. of W., 
 John H. Daniels. The present Chiefs are — P., 
 Jos. C. Jeffries; S., Geo. Walters; S. S., Wm. H. 
 Stone ; J. S., Geo. W. James ; C. of R., Robt. King, 
 Jr.; K. of W., John H. Daniels. The number of 
 members is one hundred and thirty-one. Meetings 
 are held Friday evenings at Broadway and Kaighn 
 Avenue. 
 
 Sioux Tribe, No. 25, was instituted in Wildey 
 Hall, March 23, 1871, by Great Sachem John E. 
 Cheeseman, with members of Sioux Tribe, Phila- 
 delphia, who presented them with a set of toma- 
 hawks, still in use. The officers were: S., Silas 
 Letchford ; S. S., John A. Parker ; J. S., John 
 Fox ; C. of N., F. W. Wilson ; K. of W., David C. 
 Vannote; Prophet, Theodore L. Parker. The 
 Past Sachems are Silas Letchford, James Brough- 
 ton, Aaron Hand, William T. Mears, William F. 
 Mason, Samuel H. Deal, Sr., John H. Mason, W. 
 E. Campbell, Charles H. Hagelman, Henry F. 
 Snyder, George A. Fenner, Isaac King, Theodore 
 L. Parker, David B. Peterson, John B. Wright, 
 William Hagelman, James Barton, Edward B. 
 Chew, George W. Kleaver, J. P. R. Carney, James 
 C. Mason, Edward A. Martin and John Barrett. 
 
 The officers for 1886 are: S., James G. Smith; 8. 
 S., Franklin H. Drake; J. S., Daniel England; P., 
 J. P. R. Carney; C. of R., John P. Wright; 
 Assistant C. of R., David B. Peterson. The tribe 
 
568 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEESEY. 
 
 has a membership of two hundred and ninety-three, 
 and a reserve fund of $455.76. 
 
 DAUGHTEES OP THE FOREST. 
 
 Geand Council Impeoved DAucniTEES or 
 THE FoEEST.— The First Council Fire was on the 
 Ninth Sun of the Traveling Moon, October, 1874. 
 The officers for 1886 are: G. V. P., Mrs. Kate 
 Tyler; G. N. I., Mrs. Mary A. F. Ward; G. W. I., 
 Mrs. Mary M. Davis ; (i. G. W., Mrs. Mary Clino; 
 G. C. of B., Mrs. Cornelia Cox ; G. K. of W., Mrs, 
 Hannah G. Ivins ; G. 6. of T., Mrs. Stratton ; 
 G. of F., Mrs. Mary E. Corcoran. Number of 
 Grand Council members, one hundred and thirty. 
 
 The Grand Council meets four times yearly at 
 Wildey Hall. The number of subordinate tents 
 is ten, as fellows : Cherokee Tent, No. 1 ; Lenni 
 Lenape, No. 2; Morning Light, No. 3; Sioux, No. 
 4; Ottawa, No. 8; Manumuskin, No. 11; Wyo- 
 ming, No. 12 ; Delaware, No. 18; Tippecanoe, No. 
 14 ; Osceola, No. 15. The total number of subor- 
 dinate tent members is one thousand four hundred 
 and twenty-four. 
 
 Cheeokee Tent, No. 1, was organized Janu- 
 ary 18, 1858, at Fourth and Spruce Streets, the 
 officers being: V. P., Rebecca Seagrave; N. I., 
 Lena Leon ; W. I., Alice Piper ; G. W., Cecilia 
 Hanley ; First Squaw, Abbie Doughty ; Second 
 Squaw, Anna Smick ; Third Squaw, Caroline Car- 
 regan ; Fourth Squaw, Eosa Schregler; K. of T.^ 
 Susan Weaver ; K. of F., Julia Coleman. Meet- 
 ings are held Tuesday evenings, at the northeast 
 corner of Third and Federal Streets. The mem- 
 bers number eighty-two. 
 
 Lenni Lenape Tent, No. 2, was organized as 
 Chippewa Tent, No. 8, February 21, 1868, by 
 Great Noble Incas Elizabeth Strumpfer and Great 
 Chief of Records Mary A. Furter, assisted by the 
 Great Council of Pennsylvania. Fifty-three, con- 
 stituting the charter members, were initiated, and 
 these officers installed : Noble Incas, Sarah Y. 
 Winner; Worthy Incas, Roselina E. Smith; 
 Prophetess, Rebecca M. Thompson ; Good Watcher, 
 Hannah G. Ivans ; Chieftess of Records, Susannah 
 Poole;Wampum Scribe, CordeliaMatlack; Worthy 
 Keeper of Wampum, Margaret W. Boyd ; Squaws, 
 Ruth A. Ross, Elizabeth North, Clara Muckelson, 
 Mary M. Lindale ; Keeper of the Tent, Margaretta 
 Hampton ; Keeper of the Forest, Camilla Sloan. 
 
 In September, 1868, the name was changed to 
 Lenni Lenape Tent, No, 2, and the meeting-place 
 afterwards changed to Wildey Hall. The tent has 
 sixty-two past officers, three Past Grand Officers, 
 and ia working under the Great Council of New 
 Jersey. The membership numbers eighty, and 
 
 since 1869 one thousand eight hundred and ninety- 
 .six dollars has been paid for sickness, and five 
 hundred and ninety-five dollars for funeral bone- 
 fits ; since the fornuition two hundred and eighty- 
 eight have been initiated. The wampum on hand 
 amounts to one thousand dollars. The officers 
 are : W. P., Roselina E. Smith ; N. I., Emma A. 
 Pierson ; W. I., Keturah Tenner ; G. W., Susan 
 Sweeten ; C. of P., Rebecca M. Thompson ; W. S., 
 Cordelia Matlack ; W. K. of W., Margaret W. 
 Boyd; Squaws, Roxanna Severns, Ellen Walton, 
 Maria Kerens and Elizabeth Campbell; K. of T., 
 Leonora Flowers; K. of F., Rachel B. Stone. 
 
 Sioux Tent, No. 4, was organized at Wildey 
 Hall, the Twelfth Sun of Plant Moon, (April,) 
 1872. The officers for 1886 are as follows: P., 
 Hannah Shettinger; N. I., Rebecca Davis; W. I,, 
 Mary J. Van note ; G. W., Sallie Thomas; G. ofC, 
 Lizzie Olden; G. of W., Sarah Wiatt; C. of R., 
 Mary E. Corcoran ; W. S., Katie Darnell ; K. of W., 
 Sarah Letchford; First S., Virginia Ploetz; Second 
 S., Virginia Gonardo ; Third S., H. Cavanal ; 
 Fourth S., Lizzie Banes. Meetings are held every 
 Tuesday evening at Mechanics' Hall, southwest 
 corner of Fourth and Spruce Streets. The number 
 of members is seventy-throe. 
 
 Ottawa Tent, No. 8, was organized January 12, 
 1874, iu Yeager's Hall. The Past Officers who 
 are members of the Grand Tent of New Jersey 
 number twenty-five, and among the members of 
 Ottawa are two Past Grand Officers. The tent 
 has prospered and has a membership of one hun- 
 dred and forty-five, with twelve hundred dollars in 
 the treasury or invested. The officers are: G. P., 
 Mary Sutton ; A. I., Mattie Craig ; W. I., Sarah 
 Oehrle ; G. W., Rose Prickett ; C. R., Lizzie Lilly ; 
 W. S., Margaret Snyder ; K. W., Anna J. Wright ; 
 Trustees, Levi B. Randall, William T. Mears, John 
 Matlack. 
 
 Wyoming Tent, No. 12, was instituted the 28th 
 Sun of Flower Moon (May), 1880. The officers for 
 1886 are : P., Cornelia Cox ; N. I., H. F. Steward ; 
 W. I., Mary Houseman ; G. W., Henrietta Silance ; 
 
 G. of F., Trullender; G. of T., C. A. Knight ; 
 
 C. of R., Mary A. F. Ward ; W. S.. Anna Nulli- 
 ner ; K. of W., Annie Williams; 1st Sq., Mrs. L. 
 Broadwater ; 2d Sq., Annie Steam ; 8d Sq., Eliza 
 Snow; 4th Sq., Maggie Stone. The number of 
 members at present is fifty-five. Meetings are 
 held every Wednesday evening at Mechanics' 
 Hall. 
 
 Tipj>e(!AnoeTent,No. 14, was instituted 9th Sun, 
 Plant Moon (April), 1886. The following are the 
 officers for 1886; I'., Fannie Williams; N. I., 
 Emma Morri.s; W. I., Amanda Hoe ; G. W., Min- 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 569 
 
 nie L. Wyle; C. of E., Lyda A. Cathcart; W. S., 
 Susanna L. Rupert ; K. ofW., Susanna M.Eiatine ; 
 G. of F., Sadie Marembeck ; G. of T., Viola S. E. 
 Marembeck; 1st Sq., Annie Wilkinson; 2d Sq.i 
 Ella M. Madison ; 3d Sq., Minnie Madison ; 4th 
 Sq., Emma L. Hemmingway. Charter members ; 
 Jane Madison, M. E. D. Morris, Kate Hunt. The 
 tent meets every Friday evening at Wright's 
 Hall, in Wrightsville. The number of members 
 is thirty-two. 
 
 KNIGHTS OF THE GOLDEN EAGLE. 
 
 The Knights of the Golden Eagle is a secret 
 benevolent institution, founded in Baltimore, Md., 
 February 6, 1873, and is now in successful opera- 
 tion in the States of Maryland, Pennsylvania, 
 Massachusetts, Delaware, New Jersey, California, 
 Ohio, New York, Iowa, Georgia, Connecticut, 
 West Virginia, Indiana, Michigan, Missouri, Col- 
 orado, Virginia, Illinois, Alabama and the District 
 of Columbia. It is based upon the most liberal 
 principles consistent with future prosperity, and 
 has for its motto, '' Fidelity, Valor and Honor," a 
 trinity of graces which are taught in its ritual. 
 
 The order has for its main object the promo- 
 tion of the principles of true benevolence, asso- 
 ciating its members together for purposes of mu- 
 tual relief against the trials and difficulties which 
 attach to sickness, distress and death, so far as they 
 may be mitigated by sympathy and pecuniary 
 assistance. It studiously avoids all sectarian and 
 political controversy, and aims to cultivate the so- 
 cial, moral and intellectual feelings of its mem- 
 bers, and to promote their welware in all the walks 
 of life. 
 
 The Order of the Knights of the Golden Eagle 
 was introduced into the State of New Jersey in 
 the summer of 1883, Camden Castle, No. 1, being 
 instituted in August of that year with twenty-four 
 members. During the year 1884 four new castles 
 were instituted, at Millville, Camden, Mount Holly 
 and Salem, respectively — the membership, at the 
 close of the year, being iive hundred and eighty- 
 four. In 1885 the number of castles was increased 
 to ten, with a membership of one thousand and 
 one, and from January 1, 1886, to the present time 
 thirteen new castles have been formed, and the 
 membership increased to over two thousand. 
 
 The Grand Castle of New Jersey was in- 
 stituted July 16, 1884, the officers at institution 
 being : Past Grand Chief, John P. Price ; Grand 
 Chief, Joseph H. Minnett; Grand Vice-Chief, Wil- 
 liam A. Garrison ; Grand Master of Records, Daniel 
 M. Stevens; Grand Keeper of Exchequer, P. P. 
 Achenbach ; Grand Sir Herald, George J. Robert- 
 
 son ; Grand High Priest, Henry F. Bacon ; Grand 
 First Guardsman, S. Luther Richmond; Grand 
 Second Guardsman, George W. Stevens. 
 
 The present officers are: Past Grand Chief, Wil- 
 liam A. Garrison, Westville ; Grand Chief, Henry 
 F. Bacon, Salem (P. O. Box 200) ; Grand Vice- 
 Chief, Irving W. Kelly, Perry and Montgomery 
 Streets, Trenton ; Grand Sir Herald, P. P. Achen- 
 bach, 712 Carman Street, Camden ; Grand High 
 Priest, John S. Broughton, Trenton ; Grand Mas- 
 ter of Records, E. D. Senseman, 580 Clinton Street, 
 Camden ; Grand Keeper of Exchequer, F. A. Buren, 
 Merchantville ; Grand First Guardsman, George 
 Williams, Wrightsville; Grand Second Guards- 
 man, William F. Perry, Quinton. 
 
 The next annual session will be held in Camdeni 
 on the first Wednesday in March, 1887. 
 
 Camden Castle, No. 1, was instituted August 
 9, 1883, with the following officers : P. C, Joseph 
 T. Fortiner; N. C, Charles Brown; V. C, Joseph 
 Rubicam; H. P., John 0. Newhouse; V. H., Wat- 
 son Stevens ; K. of E., Charles Aston ; C. of E., 
 Herman Rosade ; M. of R., E. D. Senseman ; Sir 
 H., Joseph C. Madara ; W. B., William B. Vanna- 
 man; W. C, John J. Pierson, Jr. ; Ens., George 
 A. Bingham; Esq., William S. Caume; 1st G., 
 John J. Pierson, Sr. ; 2d G., Thomas T. Madara. 
 
 The present officers are : P- C, Robert F. Stock- 
 ton ; N. C, Birtus A. Wagner ; V. C, Edwin F. 
 Jones ; H. P., William S. Carels ; V. H., George 
 Cook ; M. of R., Howard M. Sexton ; C. of E., 
 Herman Rosade ; K. of E., Charles Brown ; S. H., 
 William P. Fowler. 
 
 The lodge meets every Friday evening at Lin- 
 coln Hall, Third and Market Streets. The mem- 
 bership is three hundred and forty. 
 
 Washington Castle, No. 3, was instituted 
 April 4, 1884. The officers at institution were : 
 P. C, John N. Madara ; N. C, Daniel M. Stevens ; 
 V. C, H. Frank Pettit; V. H., Andrew G. Van- 
 naman ; H. P., James H. Reeves ; K. of E., Elmer 
 E. Cox; C. of E., Samuel A. Barto; M. of R., 
 George W. Stevens ; Sir H., George S. Fox ; W. 
 B., C. 0. Pedrick; W. C, James Hoagland; En- 
 sign, Lemuel Pike ; Esq., James Hartley ; 1st G., 
 John Allen ; 2d G., W. B. Waters. 
 
 The present officers are : P. C, Joseph W. Jack- 
 son ; N. C, James Spence ; V. C, William B. 
 Gibbs; H. P., H. W. Howland; V. H., John P. 
 R. Carney ; M. of R., George W. Stevens ; C. of 
 E., Charles Sayre ; K. of E., Elmer E. Cox ; S. H., 
 William B. Slocum. 
 
 The lodge meets every Friday night, at Wildey 
 Hall, Fifth and Pine Streets. The number of 
 members is two hundred and thirty-three. 
 
570 
 
 HISTOEY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEKSEY. 
 
 Eed Cross Castle, No. 6, was instituted Jan- 
 uary 23, 1885, with the following officers: P. C. 
 W. H. Tyler ; N. C, F. T. Steinbach ; H. P., Adam 
 Hoffman ; V. H., Hiram Walton ; M. of K., Geo. 
 S. Bundick; C. of E., Isaac Buzby. 
 
 The present officers are : P. C, Fred'k Fearn ; 
 N. C, Adam Hoffman; V. C, Joseph M. Taylor; 
 H. P., E. 0. Smith; M. of E., Walter Hart; C. 
 of E., John Neff; K. of E., Moses Gour; S. H., D. 
 Ewan. 
 
 The lodge meets every Monday night, at Gour's 
 Hall, 249 Kaighu Avenue. The number of mem- 
 bers is seventy-five. 
 
 White Cross Castle, No. 19, was instituted 
 August 20, 1886, with the following officers: P. C, 
 William H. Snyder; N. C, Richard Twelves; 
 V. C, W. D. Reel; H. P., Morris E. Michel; 
 v. H., Joseph Engard ; M. of R., W. H. Wagoner ; 
 C. of E., E. A. Cutwater; K. of E., Frank Mester; 
 Sir H., George W. Reese; W. B., E. W. Shallcross ; 
 W. C, Harry E. Horner ; Ens., Morris Odell ; 
 E<q., C. E. Swaney ; First Guard, W. H. Strang; 
 Second Guard, C. E. Bowker. 
 
 The lodge meets every Monday night at the 
 northwest corner of Second and Federal Streets, 
 Camden. The present membership is ninety. 
 
 MouAECH Castle, No. 9, was instituted No" 
 vember 11, 1886, the officers at institution being : 
 P. C, George L. Frazee ; N. C., Charles E. Lane > 
 V. C, Samuel E. Murray ; H. P., N. N. Wentz ' 
 V. H., J. K. Hibbs ; M. of E., Frank S. Fithian ' 
 C. of E., Abram H. Allen ; K. of E , Thomas B. 
 Woolston ; S. H., James Eudolph ; W. B., Horace 
 J. Parks; W. C, C. P. Baker; Ens., William H. 
 Smith, Jr. ; Esq., George Ewan ; First Guard, 
 Charles H. Savidge; Second Guard, George Ewan. 
 
 The present officers are P. C, John W. Mickle ; 
 N. C, George C. Vankirk; V. C, Edwin S. Titus; 
 H. P., E. M. Coffman; V. H., D. P. Steiner; 
 M. of E., E. D. Senseman; C. of E., Abram H. 
 Allen; K. of E., Washington Bucknell; Sir H.,- 
 William M. Callingham; W. B., Charles Kain ; 
 W. C, Theo. Austermuhl; Ens., William M. 
 Strohl; Esq., John F. Wilkins ; First Guard, 
 Jacob E. Miller; Second Guard, William P. 
 Eiker. 
 
 Meetings are held every Wednesday night at 
 the northwest corner of Fourth and Federal Streets. 
 The present membership is one hundred and 
 thirteen. 
 
 ancient order of united workmen. 
 
 The object of this order is to embrace and give 
 equal protection to all classes and kinds of labor, 
 mental and physical; to strive earnestly to im- 
 
 prove the moral, intellectual and social condition 
 of its members ; to create a fund for the benefit of 
 its members during sickness or other disability, 
 and, in case of death, to pay a stipulated sum for 
 each member, thus guaranteeing his family against 
 want. Its jurisdictions are a Supreme Lodge, 
 Grand and Subordinate Lodges. The Grand 
 Lodge of Maryland, New Jersey and Delaware is 
 thus officered : G. M. W., John J. Gallagher, of 
 Wilmington, Del. ; G. F., William H. Vermilye, 
 Jersey City, N. J. ; G. 0., James A. Vansant, 
 Camden, N. J. ; G. G., John W. Diefendorf, Wil- 
 mington, Del.; G. E., A. F. Colbert, Baltimore ; 
 G. Eeceiver, Myer Hirsch, Baltimore ; G. M. E., 
 G. S. WilWns, M.D., Baltimore, 
 
 Camden Lodge, No. 1, was chartered January 
 27, 1879, with these officers: Master Workman, 
 Joseph R. Learning ; Foreman, Charles Markley ; 
 Overseer, George W. Coles; Recorder, Harry 
 Ladow ; Financier, William Thegen ; Receiver, 
 Albert P. Brown ; Guide, William P. Parten- 
 heimer; Inside Watchman, B. M. Denny ; Outside 
 Watchman, William Jones ; Medical Examiner, 
 H. Genet Taylor, M.D. These were also charter 
 members, — Moore Beideman, Eobert L. Barber, 
 John F. Benner, De Witt C. France, Joel H. 
 Evaul, Henry S. Fortiner, George E. Fortiner, 
 Howard L. Gandy, Merritt Horner, William 
 Struthers, Benjamin G. Smith, William H. Stans- 
 bury, Marmaduke B. Taylor, Frank S. Wells, John 
 S. Wells. The lodge has one hundred and forty- 
 eight members, with these officers : P. M. W., J. 
 C. Prickett; M. W., Virgil Willetts; F., J. H. 
 Le Chard ; O., E. E. Lewellen ; E., W. R. Lun- 
 drum ; Fin. Sec, Charles Markley ; Rec. Sec, John 
 Woltjen; G., J. S. Pike ; I. W., John W. Clopper, 
 Jr. ; O. W., J. H. Evaul ; Medical Examiner, E. R. 
 Smiley, M.D. 
 
 Fidelity Lodge, No. 3, was instituted Febru- 
 ary 12, 1880, with forty-three charter members. 
 At the end of first year it had sixty-five members, 
 and it now has three hundred and thirty-eight. 
 It is the largest lodge in the jurisdiction, which 
 comprises the States of Maryland, New Jersey, 
 Delaware and Virginia. 
 
 The first officers were : Master Workman, Wil- 
 liam T. Brewer ; Foreman, Isaac Shivers ; Over- 
 seer, David C. Brewer ; Recorder, August F. Rich- 
 ter ; Financier, James F. Davis ; Receiver, Thomas 
 I. Gifford ; Guide, John E. Stratton ; Inside Watch- 
 man, William H, Cattman; Outside Watchman, 
 J. Alfred Allen ; Trustees, Merritt Horner, George 
 H. Amon, Richard D. Sheldon; Past Master 
 Workman, Merritt Horner. 
 
 The present officers are Past Master Workman. 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 571 
 
 Jacob S. Jones ; Master Workman, William C. 
 Husted; Foreman, D. 0. Vanote; Overseer, Wil- 
 liam H. Collins ; Recorder, Merritt Horner ; Finan- 
 cier, N. C. Stowell ; Receiver, B. S. M. Branning ; 
 Guide, Joseph Ridgway; Inside Watchman, L. 0. 
 Harris ; Outside Watchman, Robert D. Swain, Jr. ; 
 Trustees, John Harris, C. H. Sayre, Jacob S. 
 Jones. 
 
 Provident Lodge, No. 4, was organized March 
 11, 1880, with these charter members : Officers — 
 P. W. M., B. F. Browning; W. M., Richard F. 
 Smith; F., Frank L. Vinton; O., George B. 
 Sellers; Fin., Charles J. Rainey; R.,' Irvine 0. 
 Beatty ; Rec, Goldson Test ; G., Alvah Bushnell ; 
 I. W., C. S. Ball ; O. W., Elwood Davis ; M. E., 
 Dr. Alexander Marcy ; Trustees, Rufus Hill, J. C. 
 Hires. Those officiating at the organization in 
 Association Hall were Past Masters Marmaduke 
 B. Taylor, Charles Markley, George W. Coles, 
 William Thegen, Harry Ladow, and others of 
 . Camden Lodge, No. 1. 
 
 The Past Officers are : B. F. Browning, R. F. 
 Smith, F.L.Vinton, G. B. Sellers, A. Bushnell, 
 0. J. Ball, Frank W. Tussey, E. Clark Yardley, 
 J. E. Lippincott, Joseph A. Porter, G. Test, C. J. 
 Rainey, I. C. Beatty, E. Davis, Harris Graffen, 
 Charles H. Schitzler. 
 
 The Present Officers are P. M. W., George C. 
 Spooner; M. W., William J. Searle ; Foreman, 
 A. C. Smith ; O., John M. Eldridge ; Rec, G. Test ; 
 F., F. W. Tussey; G., C. A. Nicholson; I. W., 
 K. McClung; O. W., G. W. Jackson; Trustees, 
 H. Graffen, J. E. Lippincott, C. V. D. Joline. 
 The lodge has three hundred and nine members. 
 
 Entekpeise Lodge, No. 12, was organized in 
 Odd-Fellows' lodge-room, Morgan's Hall, January 
 4, 1882, by George W. Coles and William Thegen, 
 with these charter members : A. P. Brown, Wil- 
 liam Thegen, George W. Coles, George W. Doak, 
 John T. Harker, Onan B. Gross, George C. Ran- 
 dall, John D. Kinsler, Frank P. Stoy, E. B. Slifer, 
 Richard H. Brown, Jr., Lewis Simons, Thomas S. 
 Hess, Jacob Schumacher, William T. Wentz, 
 Henry E. Collins, Joseph Franklin, Alfred W. 
 Test, Charles Hartzell, G. N. Buzby, Theo. B. 
 Sage, Charles S. Gilbert, Ambrose R. Fish, James 
 Watts, William A. Hamilton, William H. Swin- 
 dell, Nathan F. Shinn, John Nulty, Samuel Rob- 
 bins, Charles Bosch, C. Stanley French, H. B. 
 Fowler, William J. Street, Robert H. Patton. 
 
 The first officers were : P. M. W., William The- 
 gen ; M. W., A. P. Brown ; Foreman, George W. 
 Doak ; Overseer, George 0. Randall ; Recorder, 
 Franklin P. Stoy ; Financier, G. N. Buzby, 
 
 Receiver, Samuel Robbins ; Medical Examiner, 
 O. B. Gross, M.D. 
 
 The Past Master Workmen are George W. Coles, 
 William Thegen, A. P. Brown, George W. Doak, 
 William J. Bradley, P. A. Fowler, C. H. Fowler, 
 Charles H. Barnard, G. N. Buzby, Dr. Onan B. 
 Gross, Samuel Robbins, William T. Wentz. 
 
 The officers for 1886 are P. M. W., William T. 
 Wentz; R., George W. Doak; M. W., George W. 
 Steed ; Fin., William Thegen ; F., R. H. Brown, 
 Jr.; Receiver, Samuel Robbins; Overseer, H. B. 
 Fowler; Medical Examiner, O. B. Gross, M.D. 
 The lodge has ninety members. 
 
 OEDBH or UNITED AMERICAN MECHANICS. 
 
 The objects of this organization are: "To pre- 
 serve our free Constitutional Government upon the 
 basis of justice and humanity toward every mem- 
 ber of the community ; to encourage honesty, in- 
 dustry and sobriety ; and to establish a policy 
 which will insure to the industrious mechanic and 
 business men a fair remuneration for their toil, and 
 a respectahle position in society. The members of 
 the Order are pledged : to assist each other in ob- 
 taining employment ; to encourage each other in 
 business; to establish a sick and funeral fund ; to 
 establish a fund for the relief of widows and or- 
 phans of deceased members; to aid members who 
 may have become incapacitated from following 
 their usual avocation in obtaining situations suit- 
 able to their condition." 
 
 The State Council of the Order of United 
 American Mechanics has had its office of secretary 
 located in Camden since 1865. Joseph H. Shinn 
 has been re-elected annually to the office of State 
 Council secretary since that year. The State 
 Council of New Jersey received its charter from 
 the National Council, dated January 5, 1847, and 
 was incorporated by special act of the Legislature 
 of New Jersey, approved by the Governor March 
 7, 1871. 
 
 The State Council has had a continued existence 
 since it was chartered, holding semi-annual meet- 
 ings for a number of years; by a change made in 
 the constitution in the year 1877, the semi-annual 
 meeting was dispensed with, making the annual 
 meeting held in September the only session during 
 the year. There are quite a number of citizens of 
 Camden who have taken an active part in this 
 State organization ; the following have filled the 
 State Councilor's position, or executive office of 
 the order in the State : Joseph L. Bright, 1857 ; 
 Jos. H. Shinn, 1863 ; Abner Sparks, 1865 ; Edward 
 S. Andrews, 1866; Edward T. James, 1867; John 
 S. Read, 1869; John J. Kaighn, 1871; Wm. D 
 
572 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEESEY. 
 
 Middleton, 1876 ; Wm. Wiatt, 1882; Chas. S. Cot- 
 ting, 1884, and Frank W. Armstrong. 1886. The 
 officers elected September, 1886, and now in office, 
 are — S. C, Frank W. Armstrong, of Camden ; S. 
 V. C, Isaiah Van Horn, of Trenton; S. C. Sec, 
 Joseph H. Shinn, Camden ; S. C. Treas., Abner 
 Sparks, of Camden; S. C. I., F. M. Hedden, East 
 Orange ; S. C. E., B. F. McPeek, of Newark ; S. 
 C. P., John Doremus, of PatersoD. 
 
 The report of tlie order in the State made at the 
 annual session in the year 1886 shows the humber 
 of councils in the State to be 39 ; number of mem- 
 bers, 3604; amount of money received during the 
 year, $13,914,53 ; amount of money paid for relief, 
 $9,683.80 ; balance in treasury and invested, $42,- 
 669.82 ; balance in widows' and orphans' fund, $10,- 
 950.75. 
 
 There are five councils of the order located in 
 Camden County, four in the city, to wit : Camden 
 Council, No. 7 ; Morning Star Council, No. 11 ; 
 Evening Star Council, No. 19 ; United Council, No. 
 20 ; Star of the Union Council, No. 72, at Glou- 
 cester City. 
 
 Camden Council, No. 7, was instituted July 
 29, 1847, when John R. Thompson, William Rian- 
 hardt, Robert P. Smith, Shelbourue S. Kennedy, 
 David Surran, William P. Murphy, William C. 
 Monroe, Charles M. Thompson, John S. Long, 
 William A. Davis, Charles S. Sturgis, Wesley P. 
 Murray and Richard Jones met in Starr's Hall, 
 and were constituted as Camden Council, No. 7, 
 by State Councilor James Cappuck and State 
 Council Secretary George S. Willits. They soon 
 removed to Bontemps' Hall, and many years after- 
 ward to United Order of American Mechanics' 
 Hall, where they now meet. Camden is the oldest 
 council of the order in the city, and has exercised 
 large influence in the State, furnishing, among 
 many others, these State Councilors, — John S. 
 Read, William D. Middleton and Edwin T. Ja,mes. 
 These are the officers: Junior Ex-Councilor, 
 Edwin A. Stone ; Councilor, Thaddeus B. An- 
 drews; Vice-Councilor, Joseph B. Elfreth; Re- 
 cording Secretary, A. Benjamin Sparks ; Financial 
 Secretary, Joseph L. Bright; Treasurer, Abner 
 Sparks ; Inductor, F. W. Armstrong ; Examiner, 
 James H. Armington ; Inside Protector, Merrit H. 
 Pike ; Outside Protector, Ballinger Smick. 
 
 Morning Stab Council, No. 11, meets in 
 American Mechanics' Hall, Fourth and Spruce 
 Streets, on Monday evening. It was instituted 
 March 19, 1866. On June 30, 1886, the number of 
 members was one hundred and five. The present 
 officers are Councilor, H. M. Cox ; Vice-Council- 
 or, Milton Crowell ; Recording Secretary, William 
 
 H. Hutton; Assistant Recording Secretary, Wm. 
 Early ; Financial Secretary, George E. Hunsinger; 
 Treasurer, Elmer Ford; Trustees, William H. 
 Hutton, Martin D. Fisher, John W. Darnell. 
 
 Evening Star Council, No. 19, meets on 
 Thursday evenings at the northeast corner of 
 Broadway and Kaighn Avenue. It was instituted 
 March 23, 1868, and reorganized September 15, 
 1883. The number of members is sixty-three. 
 The present officers are C, George B. Rugens ; 
 V. C, Charles J. Brown ; R. S., J. D. Dudley 
 (residence, 227 Benson Street); F. S., Charles 
 Tucker ; Treas., Jacob V. Scudder ; E., John F. 
 Reed ; I., Lewis H. Powell ; I. P., Harry F. Bron- 
 nin ; O. P., George W. Duncan. 
 
 United Council, No. 20, was organized March 
 20, 1868. On the ISth a meeting was held in Test's 
 Hall, Second and Federal Streets, — William D. 
 Middleton, chairman ; Jacob R. Lipsett, secretary, 
 and Joseph H. Shinn, treasurer, — at which it was 
 resolved to form a council of the order, and, at an 
 adjourned meeting, held on the 20th, these officers 
 were elected, — Councilor, Thomas B. Painter; 
 Vice-Councilor, Theodore Verlander; Recording 
 Secretary, Jacob R. Lipsett; Assistant Recording 
 Secretary, Joseph L. Mason ; Inductor, Thomas 
 Gladden, Jr. ; Examiner, Belford Conover; Inside 
 Inspector, Edward W. Githens ; Outside Inspector, 
 Jacob P. Stone; Treasurer, Daniel B. Shaw; 
 Financial Secretary, Job Bishop ; Trustees, T. 
 Verlander, Richard W. Stiles and Daniel L. Pier- 
 son. Besides the above, these were charter mem- 
 bers, — George W. Spenoe, B. H. Mathis, George 
 L. Aikins, George W. Myers, William H. Bassett, 
 John H. Lawrence, Michael Peterson, Jonathan 
 High, H. W. Hill, Thomas Gladden, Sr., Matthew 
 Miskelly, John Githens, Redman H. Pierson, 
 Henry B. Cheeseman, J. Fredericks, Jacob M. 
 Vannest, Benjamin A. Stone. On the 25th of 
 March, John S- Read, assisted by William D. 
 Middleton, Edward T. James and Joseph H. 
 Shinn, secretary of the State Council, with mem- 
 bers of No. 7, the applicants were initiated, the 
 officers installed and the council organized for 
 work. These have served as Councilors : Thomas 
 B. Painter, Theodore Verlander, Joseph L. Mason, 
 Thomas Gladden, Jr., Joseph H. Shinn, Jacob P. 
 Stone, O. M. Oliver, Inman Laning, John M. 
 Gladden, Edward S. Apgar, Charles S. Cotting, 
 Richard W. Stiles, Emmor Applegate, Ellis H. 
 Matlack, Edward Dalley, Nathan C. Stowell, 
 Jacob Van Culin, Townsend Phiffer, George W. 
 Myers, Hiram Green, Charles H. Cook, William 
 H. Bassett, Isaac T. Woodrow, Jacob T. Fredericks, 
 Stephen Sarish, Michael Peterson, Thomas Haines, 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 573 
 
 Thomas Gladden, Sr., F. M. Wright, George W. 
 Fox, Montroville Shinn, Frank 0. Eogers, Horace 
 L. Githens, fiichard W. Sharp, John G. Corey. 
 Charles 8. Cotting and Joseph H. Shinn are Past 
 State Councilors, and the latter has been State 
 Council Secretary for many years. The council 
 has paid for benefits and relief of widows and 
 orphans $8736. The membership numbers sixty- 
 six, and funds amount to $1936. The present 
 officers are C, John W. Trnax ; V. C, A. S. Kille ; 
 R. Sec, Mont. Shinn ; A. R. Sec, George Seeds ; 
 F. Sec, Frederick L. Smith ; Treas., Joseph H. 
 Shinn ; Trustees, Richard W. Sharp, John G. 
 Corey, H. McCormick. 
 
 INDEPENDENT ORDER OF MECHANICS. 
 
 New Jersey Lodge, No. 1, was organized May 
 2, 1882. The following are officers for 1886 : W. 
 M., Harry Pooley, J. M. Richard Heal ; Conductor, 
 Ewing ; Financial Secretary, Frank Stein- 
 back ; Recording Secretary, Harry Bartling ; and 
 Treasurer, William J. Ross. The lodge meets 
 every Thursday evening, at Wildey Hall. The 
 number of members is three hundred and twenty. 
 
 Enterphise Lodge, No. 3, was instituted Jan- 
 uary 1, 1883, in Lincoln Hall, with these offi- 
 cers: P. W. M., Ellis W.Woolverton; W.M., John 
 R. Grubb ; J. M., Charles L. Bennett ; S., Solon 
 R. Hankinson ; F. S., Jacob F. Morton ; T., George 
 E. Boyer. The charter members were Ellis W. 
 Woolverton, Charles L. Bennett, George E. Boyer, 
 Edward S. Andrews, J. Harrison Lupton, Baxter 
 Howe, H. C. Thoman, J. S. Casto, George W. 
 Wood, J. P. Becket, Samuel Pine, J. L. Fields, O. 
 K. Lockhart, Thomas Tannier, S. W. Gahan, C. T. 
 Green, Jacob Garst, Charles W. Keen, A. D. 
 Highfield, H. S. Casto, Charles Walton, William 
 C. Reeves, John R. Grubb, Solon R. Hankinson, 
 William A. Holland, Daniel Nelson, Jacob F. 
 Morton, James M. Way, Joseph B. Wakemau, 
 Charles Mason, E. Hayden, R. J. Long, William 
 Thompson, Stacy Nevins, John Shelden, George 
 Eianhard, Charles B. Fithian, John W. Garwood, 
 William H. Sommers, Isaac Budd, Harris A. 
 Glover, C. M. Limroth, Cliarles Reeves, Benjamin 
 H. Connelly andFrankJin Hewitt. Thelodgemeets 
 Friday evenings, in Association Hall, Third and 
 Market ; has one hundred and ninety-seven mem- 
 bers, with a reserve fund of nine hundred dollars. 
 Its Past Masters are E. W. Woolverton, J. R. 
 Grubb, C. L. Bennett, S R. Hankinson, G. E. 
 Boyer, W. A. Hallam, E. S. Andrews, J. H. Lup- 
 ton, J. F. Morton, Baxter Howe, J. E. Way, S. C. 
 Hankinson, W. J. Bruehl, E. M. West, H. L. 
 Sanders, Frank Hewitt, G. W. Willits and William 
 
 Dougherty. The present officers are : S. M., Wil- 
 liam Dougherty ; W. M., Lewis McDowell ; J. M., 
 Frederick Bechtell; S., James M. Way; F. S., 
 Daniel Whittecar ; T., Thomas Hines. 
 
 Germania Lodge, No. 7, meets in Independ- 
 ence Hall, where it was organized March 21, 1884, 
 by Grand Architect Ellis W. Woolverton, assisted 
 by Grand Secretary William A. Holland, who 
 initiated these charter members : Louis Ballinger, 
 Henry Yungling, John Pfeiffer, Frederick Roedel, 
 Gottleib Hess, Alexander Sohlesinger, John Pfeiffer, 
 Jr., Charles Tietz, Christian Rehm, Lewis Yeager 
 and Charles Schnabel, and installed these offi- 
 cers : S. M., Charles Ulbrioh ; W. M., Bernhart 
 Boehm; J. M., August Tegmier; R. S., Frank 
 Rehm ; F. S., Emil Bruetsch ; T., John G. Schram ; 
 Con., Henry Sand ; Cap., Charles Peters. The 
 Past Officers are Charles Ulbrioh, Henry Sand, 
 August Tegmier and Paul Ebner, and the officers 
 for 1886: S. M., Gottleib Hess; W. M., Lewis 
 Yeager; J. M., August Vogel; R. S., Henry 
 Rothe; F. S., Paul Ebner; T., Charles Peters; 
 Con., Christian Klein ; Chap., Christopher Theile- 
 mann ; Trustees, Lewis Yeager, August Vogel 
 and Christian Klein. The lodge numbers three 
 hundred and twenty members and its reserve funds 
 amount to three hundred and twenty dollars. 
 
 Excelsior Lodge, No. 9, was organized in 
 Lincoln Hall, August 22, 1884, by Grand Officers 
 Ellis W. Woolverton and Joseph Louder, assisted 
 by members of Enterprise Lodge, No. 3, when 
 these were initiated : Robert S. Bender, George M. 
 Wolfe, William Shutt, John N. Noll, Edward 
 Shuster, John Folwell, Sr., Amos Carrow, Albert 
 Shinn, Jacob Green, Phineas Ash, William Fisher, 
 Bowman Marshall, Edward L. Countiss, William 
 S. Wolfe, Abraham Foust, Robert M. Laconey, 
 Benjamin H. Thomas, Thomas Hickman, Edgar 
 B. Slifer, Robert N. Bellevow, John Owens, Rob- 
 ert Gibberson, George Smith, Frank Marshall and 
 Harry W. Sutton. The officers chosen were: 
 S. M., Robert S. Bender ; Treasurer, John N. Noll ; 
 W. M., William S. Wolfe ; R. S., Abraham Foust ; 
 J. M., Edward Shuster; F. S., Robert M. Laconey. 
 The lodge has prospered and now numbers three 
 hundred and fifteen members, with assets amount- 
 ing to seven hundred and twenty-three dollars. 
 The meeting-place has been changed to Independ- 
 ence Hall, Fourth and Pine Streets. The Past 
 Worthy Masters are Robert S. Bender, William S. 
 Wolfe, George M. Wolfe, Leonhard Boehm, Thomas 
 Locke, William Bell and David Ewan. The offi- 
 cers for 1886 are : W. M., Thomas Ainsley ; F. S., 
 George M.Wolfe; S. M., James Carnan ; Treas- 
 urer, John N. Noll ; J. M., David Ewan ; Chap., 
 
5Y4 
 
 HISTOKY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Edgar Slifer; R. S., Abraham Foust; Con., Frank 
 Seeds. 
 
 BROTHERHOOD OF THE UNION. 
 
 This order was organized in Philadelphia, by 
 George Lippard, in 1846. The principles teach 
 the paternity of God, the fraternity of man, that 
 every man has a right to a home and to the full 
 fruits of his toil ; that monopoly in land should 
 be prevented and the public domain given to 
 landless settlers. It is patriotic in its aims, and 
 pledges its members to uphold the American Union 
 and the dignity of labor. The present Supreme 
 Washington is James E. Russell, of New Jersey, 
 and the Grand Chief Washington of New Jersey 
 is John M. Clayton, of Camden. 
 
 The divisions are Circles, Grand Circles and a 
 Supreme Circle, with similar divisions of the 
 Home Communion, the women's .branch of the 
 order. There are in Camden three Circles and 
 two Home Communions. 
 
 WiTHERSPOON Circle, No. 1, which meets in 
 Wildey Hall, was instituted April 23, 1849, George 
 Lippard officiating, these being the initiates : 
 George L. Toy, Joshua W. Roberts, Philip H. Mul- 
 ford, Henry Belsterling, Edward N. Daugherty, 
 Henry Copeland, Joseph L. Wright, William E. 
 Maxwell, David Mills, Michael Seibenlist, Isaac 
 Rawn and Ballenger Smith. These members of 
 Witherspoon Circle have been Supreme Washing- 
 ton : George L. Toy, Henry L. Bonsall, William 
 J. Maguire and James E. Russell. The G. E. W.'s 
 are Edward N. Daugherty, Benjamin M. Braker, 
 Henry Bradshaw, Earned Smith, Francis Warren, 
 Isaac Warr and George. W. Fenner. Exalted 
 Washingtons: Andrew R. Ackley, Josiah Bozarth, 
 A. E. Atkinson, Charles Deith, E. W. Jones, Albert 
 V. Mills, Absalom Jordan, Benjamin Smith, E. O. 
 Hoefflich, George W. Fenner, Jr., Elisba C. Smith, 
 William S. McCabe and George L. Swyler. The 
 officers for 1886 are : E. W., George L. Swyler ; 
 H. S. K., James E. Russell ; C. W., William O. 
 Engler; H. R., Frank Warren ; C J., William H. 
 Harris; H. T., Harry Bradshaw ; C. F., William 
 McAllister; H. H., William B. Bergnell. The 
 membership is one hundred and nineteen, with 
 seven hundred dollars in funds. 
 
 Welcome Circle, No. 3, which meets in Cen- 
 tral Hall, was instituted December 31, 1869, by D. 
 S. W. Archibald Cochran, who installed these 
 officers : E. W., Thomas Westphall ; H. S. K., W. 
 Frank Gaul; C. W., Benjamin H. Connolly; H. 
 T., John Reynolds ; C. J., Edward Furlong; W. D., 
 James G. Hyatt ; C. F., J. E. Atkinson; W. N., 
 Edward Andrews. G. E. W.'s : James G. Hyatt, 
 J. Harry Stiles, Joseph Dufour, Samuel W. Stivers, 
 
 John McMichael and John H. Clayton. E. W.'s : 
 Charles Wriiford, George S. West, William B. 
 Jobes, Samuel McMichael, Benjamin Toy, John F. 
 Harnpd, J. M. Adams, Samuel Dodd, Jr., Thomas 
 Adams, John Dentist, John Hart, George Bag- 
 hurst, Ji:., George L. Knight and George A. Bag- 
 hurst. The ofiisers for 1886 are : E. W., George 
 Wallison; H. S. K., George S. West; C. W., 
 Samuel J. Cook ; H. R., John F. Harned ; C. J., 
 Charles H. Beck ; H. T., Joseph Dufour ; H. K., 
 Charles Christman. The membership is one hun- 
 dred and ninety-seven and the assets thirty-eight 
 hundred dollars. 
 
 Camden Circle, No. 13, meets in Wildey Hall 
 and was instituted September 5, 1883, when G. C. 
 W. E. F. Gilbert, assisted by G. C. J. Joseph 
 Dufour, G. C. F. John H. Clayton and G. E. W. 
 Frank Warren, installed these officers, — E. W., 
 Wm. H. McFerran ; H. S. K., Wm. T. Mears ; C. W., 
 Wm. Wiatt; H. R., Joseph Marple; C. J., Henry 
 
 F. Armour; H.T., Josiah Jones. 
 
 The E. W.'s are— Wm. H. McFerran, Isaac L. 
 Chew, Wm. Wiatt, Weaver Godfrey, L. E. Shep- 
 pard, Wesley J. Hawk, Wm. T. Mears. 
 
 The officers for 1886 are— E. W., Charles H. 
 Jenness ; C. P., Wm. D. Green ; C. W., G. F. L. 
 Mears ; H. S. K., Wm. T. Mears ; C. J., George M. 
 Bacon ; H. R., Wm. H. McFerran ; H. T., Alex. 
 Wood. 
 
 Lydia Darrah Home Communion, No. 1, 
 meets in Mechanics' Hall, Fourth and Spruce, and 
 was instituted by S. W. George L. Toy, in Inde- 
 pendence Hall, Fourth and Pine, May 12, 1867, 
 when these officers were installed : G., Benj. M. 
 Braker ; H. S. K., Wm. J. Maguire ; P., Hannah 
 
 G. Ivins; H. R., Sarah T. Winner; H. T., Philip 
 Beaber. The Past Grand Guardians are: Hannah 
 G. Ivins, Susanna Quinn and Elizabeth Portz, and 
 the Past Guardians : Margaret Boyd, Margaret 
 Caperoon, Mary E. Sloan, Missouri Pierce, Ruth 
 A. Ross, Josiah Bozarth, Emma Knipe, Margaret 
 Deeth, Augusta Oeherle, Sarah Kirby, Rachel B. 
 Stone, Elizabeth Fames, Annie Curtis, Lizzie 
 Fames, Annie M. Quick, Mary M. Davis, Rachel 
 Stephen, Benj. Smith, Isaac Warr, Emily Weldey, 
 Elizabeth Cleaver, Elizabeth Strieker, Samuel W. 
 Stivers, Keturah Tenner, Sarah Wiatt, Eliza J. 
 Leibach, Elizabeth C. Butler, Margaret A. Davis, 
 Mary Ore, Julia Coleman, Sallie Tracy, Emma J. 
 Doyle. 
 
 The Home has had a useful life, and after as- 
 sisting many has eight hundred dollars invested, 
 with a membership of eighty-one. The officers 
 for 1 886 are : P. G., Mary Ore ; G., Rachel Stephen ; 
 Pro., Benjamin Smith ; Prophet, Maggie Cape- 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDKN. 
 
 575 
 
 roon ; Prophetess, Emily Weldey ; Priest, Mary J. 
 Cooper; Priestess, Emma J. Doyle; H. S. K., 
 Anuie M. Quick ; H. E., Rachel B. Stone ; H. T., 
 Elizabeth Cleaver ; W. D., Clara Davis ; W. N., 
 Emma Horneff". 
 
 Good Samaeitax Home Communion, No. 2, 
 was instituted January 3, 1873, by Acting S. W. 
 James W. Rusting, when these officers were in- 
 stalled ; P. G., James G. Hyatt; G., Wm. C. Figner; 
 P., Catharine Cadwell ; Priestess, Patience A. Holt ; 
 Priest, James A. Paul ; Prophetess, Mary A. 
 Merkle ; Prophet, James E. Russell ; S. K., Edward 
 Lewis ; R., Hester A. Myers ; T., Elizabeth Hyatt, 
 
 These are the Past Guardians : James G. Hyatt. 
 Annie C. Stiles, Margaret C. Hall, Annie E, 
 Smick, Mary West, Lydia Crane, Wm. Cadwell 
 Mary Baghurst, Joseph Dufour, Catharine Cad 
 well, J. Harry Stiles, Alice Piper, Clara Bowers, 
 Matilda Jacobs, Annie Fries, Cecelia Reeves, Jas, 
 
 E. Russell, George S. West, Mary A. Merkle, Mary 
 Evans. 
 
 The officers for 1886 are : P. G., Annie Hilliker ; 
 G., Alice Piper ; Pro., Annie Dedicate; Prophet, 
 Wm. Cadwell ; Prophetess, Annie C. Stiles; Priest, 
 Mary Mowery ; Priestess, Virginia Mowery ; S. K., 
 J. Harry Stiles ; E., George S. West : T., Mary E. 
 Merkle ; W. D., Kate Green ; W. N., Kate A. Light- 
 cap. 
 
 The Past Grand Guardians are : James G. Hyatt, 
 J. H. Stiles, James E. Russell, Annie C. Stiles, 
 Annie E. Smick. 
 
 Camden Circle, No. 13, was instituted Sep- 
 tember 5, 1888, when Grand Chief Washington 
 Charles Gilbert, assisted by G. C. J., Joseph Du- 
 four ; G. C. F., John H. Clayton, James E. Russell, 
 William J. Maguire, Frank Warren and other, 
 members of Witherspoon Circle, initiated fifty-one 
 charter member^ and installed these officers : E.W., 
 William H. McFerran; C. F., Henry S- Armour ; 
 C. W., William Wiatt ; H. S. K., Wm. T. Mears ; 
 C. J., Jacob B. West; H. R., Joseph Marple; H. 
 Treasurer, Josiah Jones. The circle contains some 
 earnest men and has had a vigorous growth. These 
 are its Past Officers, or Exalted Washingtons : 
 William H. McFerran, William Wiatt, Lucius E. 
 Sheppard, Isaac L. Chew, W.eaver Godfrey, Wes- 
 ley I. Hawk, Charles H. Jenness. 
 
 The officers for 1886 are: E. W., Charles H. 
 Jenness ; C. F., William D. Green ; C W., George 
 
 F. L. Mears; H. S. H., William T. Mears ; C. J., 
 George M. Bacon ; H. R., William H. McFerran ; 
 H. T., Alexander Hill; Trustees, W. I. Hawk, 
 Jacob Jordan, Joseph Marple, G. H. Spaulding, 
 W. Godfrey, H. J. Rarer. 
 
 OEDER OF THE IRON HALL. 
 
 This order was organized in the city of Indian- 
 apolis in April, 1881. It is a mutual insurance 
 organization, as well as beneficial, and has had a 
 rapid increase. It consists of supreme and subor- 
 dinate branches, the first of the latter organized 
 in Camden County. 
 
 Local Branch, No. 21, was instituted August 
 10, 1881, in Mann's Hall, on North Second Street, 
 by Past Justice A. L. Curtis, with twenty charter 
 members, and these officers : Past Justice, A. L. 
 Curtis ; Justice, James E. Leadley ; Vice-Justice, 
 Joseph C. Lee ; Accountant, Thomas B. Reeves ; 
 Cashier, A. L. Curtis ; Medical Examiner, Dr. E. 
 M. Howard; Adjuster, Josephs. Campbell; Prel- 
 ate, Lawrence Woodruff; Herald, Charles D. 
 Bowyer ; Watchman, Charles Reeves ; Vidette, 
 David Phillips ; Trustees, Dr. E. M. Howard, Jo- 
 seph C. Lee, Dr. S. G. Wallace. The branch has 
 paid to thirty-six sick members and disabled mem- 
 bers an aggregate of $3577.50, and has a member- 
 ship of one hundred and two. The meetings are 
 held in Association Hall. 
 
 The following have been Chief Justices of Branch 
 21 : 1882, S. G. Wallace ; 1883, Cbarles A. Hotch- 
 kiss; 1884, Lawrence Woodruff ; 1885, Eobert J; 
 Hill. 
 
 The officers for 1886 are as follows : C. J., John 
 Cook ; V. J., Robert G. Hann ; A., William M. 
 Souden ; C, Isaac E. Dukes ; A,, Ridgway Gaunt ; 
 P., S. B. French; W., G. Burkhardt; V., Joseph 
 Springer ; M. E., E, M. Howard, M.D. ; Trustees, 
 Laurence Woodruflf, C. K. Middleton, Morris W. 
 Hall, 
 
 Local Branch, No. 145, meets in Wildey 
 Hall, where it was organized, January 26,1883, by 
 Deputy Supreme Justice J. S. Dubois, who in- 
 stalled these officers; C. J., William K.. Piatt; 
 V. J., Charles O. Pedrick ; Aoct., C D. Ross; C, 
 H. B. Phillips ; A., George F. Archer ; P., J. S. 
 Bowen. 
 
 The charter members were: Charles H. Ellis, 
 W. H. Branning, George A. Odling, James L. 
 Bowen, J. S. Stone, E. A. Garrison, William K. 
 Plait, C. O. Pedrick, 0. D. Ross. 
 
 The Past Chief Justices are William K. Piatt and 
 George A. Aldrich- This branch has one hundred 
 and eight members and has paid out one thousand 
 eight hundred and fifty-five dollars, in sums rang- 
 ing from ten dollars to two hundred dollars. The 
 officers elected for 1886 were : C. J-, J. M. Driver ; 
 V. J., William Y. Sloan ; Acct., Frank H. Bond ; 
 C, W. P. Brown ; A., G. W. Custard ; P., Joseph 
 E. Reed; H., Charles S. Hunter ; Trustees, John 
 H. Clayton, W. Y. Sloan, J. S. Mathis. 
 
576 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 LocAT, Branch, No. 253, meets in Post 5 Hall 
 and was instituted Jlay 19, ISS'i. It has ninety- 
 throe members, and has paid to sick and disabled 
 members, since its organization, eight hundred and 
 eighty-five dollars, in xums ranging i'rom fifteen 
 dollars to two hundred dollars. The oiBcers are : 
 Branch Deputy, J. Henry Hayes; C. J., Job R. 
 Cramer ; V. J., A. J. Millictte; Acct., Nathan C. 
 Stowell ; C, Frank W. Tussey. 
 
 Local Branch, No. 348, which meets in Gour's 
 Hall, was instituted April 20, 1886, with these 
 officers: C. J., Benjamin H. Dillmore; V. J., How- 
 ard J. Norwood ; Acct., George D. Dobbins ; C, 
 Frederick B. Smith. It has forty-three members. 
 
 BROTHEBHOOD OP LOCOMOTIVE ENGINEERS. 
 
 Camden Division, No. 22, was organized Oc- 
 tober I'J, 1S65, and has at the present time (1886), 
 eighty-four members in good standing. The 
 division meets in Engineers' Hall, No. 139 Federal 
 Street, every second and Inui th Sundays at 1.30 
 P.M. The following are the present officers: 
 Lewis Elberson, C. E. ; W. Mitchell, F. E. ; T.W. 
 Smith, F. A. E. ; A. D. Reynolds, S. A. E. ; T. 
 Bodell, S. E. ; G. W. Baxter, T. A. E. ; J. D. Hus- 
 ton, Guide; J. S. Crispin, Chaplain; R. Gauntt, 
 Sec'y Ins.; T. W. Smith, Cor. Sec'y. ; T. W. 
 Smith, Jour. Agt 
 
 BROTHERHOOD (IE LOCOMOTIVE FIREMEN OF 
 NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 The local organization was instituted in 1873. 
 The officers f(ir 1886 are: Master, W. Higgins; 
 Vice-Master, W. Fort; Corresponding Secretary 
 H.Harris; Treasurer, J. Gibbs. The number of 
 members is one hundred and thirty. Meetings are 
 held at Sinfe]der'.s Hall the first and third Sundays 
 in each month. 
 
 LADIES OP FRIENDSHIP. 
 
 The Grand Lodge was organized in July, 
 1884. The officers for 1886 arc as follows: P. G. C, 
 Hannah G. Ivins; P. G. W. S., Mary A. F. Ward; 
 G. W. S., Mary T. Ore; G. J. S., Emma Ivins; 
 G. R. S., Mattie B. Garrison ; G. Trcas., Elizabeth 
 Day ; G. C, Mary Cline ; ( i . A. C, Emeline Howe ; 
 G. W. R. S., MoUie McMullen ; G. W. L. S., Klleu 
 Walton ; G. I. S., Beulah Murphy ; G. O. S., Sarah 
 Rickards. There are three subordinate lodges 
 under the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge, viz.: 
 New Jersey Lodge, No. 1 ; Millville Lodge, No. 2 ; 
 and Camden Lodge, No. 3. 
 
 New Jersey Lodge, No. 1., was organized May 
 25, 1883. The present officers are : W. S., Hannah 
 S. Steward ; J. S., Georgiana Lane ; C, Mary Jane 
 Ball; A. C, Sarah B. McCloskey ; R. C, Mattie 
 
 B. Garrison; F. S., Mary T. Ore; Treasurer, Eliza- 
 beth Day ; R, S. of W. S., Sarah O. Hearle; L. S. 
 of W. S., Roxana Severn ; R. S. ol' J. S., Anna R. 
 Goodwin; L. S. of J. S., Ellen Gleason; I. S., 
 Hannah Slrcejier; O. S., Anna J. Wright; Chap- 
 lain, Rebecca Noll ; P. W. S., Rebecca Seagraves. 
 The number of members is one hundred and 
 thirty-one. The lodge meets in Mechanics' Hall, 
 southwest corner of Fourth and Spruce Streets, on 
 Monday evenings. 
 
 Camden Lodge, No. 3, was instituted July lOi 
 1884, at Jackson's Hall. The officers for 1886 are : 
 W. S., Sarah P. Bady ; J. S., Drusilla Vincent; 
 
 C, Mary Buzby; A. C, Ellen Reed; R. S., Cor- 
 nelia Cox; F. Secretary, Judith Giberson ; Treas- 
 urer, Sarah Rickards ; W. R. A., Rose Shroegler ; 
 W. L. A., Sallie Mellville ; J. R. A., Mary Thomp- 
 son ; J. L. A., Leonora Flowers; 0. G., Elizabeth 
 Butler; I. G., Blary Shannon. The lodge meets 
 every Friday evening at Jackson's Hall, corner 
 Fourth and Federal Streets. The number of mem- 
 bers is sixty-three. 
 
 SONS of ST. GEORGE. 
 
 This order originated in the Pennsylvania coal 
 regions, during the prevalence of the ''Molly 
 McGuires,'' and for the protection of Englishmen 
 who were obnoxious to that organization. The 
 order has spread, and numbers two hundred and 
 fifty lodges and thirty thousand members, who 
 are obligated to assist each other and become 
 good citizens of their adopted country; to be a 
 membei', it is necessary to be an Englishman, or 
 the son or grandson of one. 
 
 Albion Lodge, No. 22, was organized Novem- 
 ber 25, 1880, ill Broadway Hall, with these mem- 
 bers: John B. Horsfall, James Wright, N. F. 
 Tomlin, S. M. Lavitt, F. Bailey, H. Pearce, Thos. 
 Mason, J. Savage, Joseph Crompton, Turner Berry, 
 Edward Hand, Charles Drew, George Goldthorpe, 
 William Saunders, William Easterbrook, Abraham 
 Bradshaw, W. Goodhall, W. Metcalf, A. M. Lovitti 
 John W. Brooks, H. T. Williams, Charles Palmer, 
 C. F. Simpson, J. Plant, John Taylor, N. Wood- 
 head, E. J. Bolton, Joseph Pallitt, Thos. Mitchell, 
 James W. Brooks, T. Adams, George Brain, ThoS' 
 Sothern and Albion Craven. The first officers 
 were: President, Thomas Adams • Vice-President, 
 J. W. Brooks ; Secretary, J. Claridge ; Assistant 
 Secretary, H. T. Williams; Treasurer, J. B. Hots- 
 fall. The ex-Presidents are John B. Horsfall, J. 
 W. Brooks, N. T. Tomlin, Joseph Wright, Thomas 
 Wright, Thomas Mason, C. F. Simpson, H. T. 
 Williams, Edward Hand, J. Bowers, W. Saunders, 
 Charles Iveevis, Joseph Plant, Benjamin Allen, E. 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 577 
 
 J. Bolton, Joseph Claridge, H. Pearce and Abel 
 Battoms. 
 
 The lodge has prospered, has one hundred and 
 seventy-five members and five thousand dollars in- 
 vested. It meets in Independence Hall on Mon- 
 day evenings, with these officers : P., George Gold- 
 thorpe; V. P., John Taylor; S., E. J. Bolton ; T., 
 J. B. Horsfall ; M., John Roberts ; Chaplain, W. 
 Saunders ; Trustees, John W. Brooks, John Rob- 
 erts and J. Bowers. 
 
 SEVEN WISE MEN. 
 
 Keaeney Conclate, No. 1, Heptasophs (or 
 Seven Wise Men), was organized in Test's Hall, 
 October 15, 1869, when George P. Oliver, of 
 Maryland, Supreme Chancellor; Dr. G. Jennings, 
 Supreme Ephor, of Pennsylvania, and others, ini- 
 tiated and installed these members and officers: A., 
 Harry H. Franks; C, S. C. Hankinson; Pro., 
 Charles H. Cook; R. S., Theodore F. Higbee; 
 F. S., Charles M. Baldwin; T., D. W. Neall; 
 I. G., James E. Carter; H., Caleb H. Taylor; W., 
 David B. Sparks; S., Wm. Acton; Wm. Higbee, 
 Wm. Darby, Henry Hollis, Frank Rawlings, 
 Samuel K. Batchelor, Isaiah Morton, John D. 
 Mahoney, Samuel Pine, George Parson, Benjamin 
 F. Richards, George W. Williams, Absalom 
 Dougherty, Henry Rhinehart, Wm. H. McKee, 
 S. R. Hankinson, John Laning, Richard Bozarth, 
 Alexander Simpson, Nathan Jacobs and William 
 Middleton. The Conclave has paid out for bene- 
 fits about seven thousand dollars. The member- 
 ship is ninety-seven, and the meetings are held in 
 Independence Hall. The oflScers are: A., J. A. 
 Ross ; Pro., John W. Lamb ; Pre., WiDiam A. 
 Rudderow ; I. G., J. S. Casto ; H., Frederick 
 Morschauser ; W., Joel H. Stowe ; R. S., Samuel 
 C. Hankinson ; F. S., George E. Boyer ; T., Daniel 
 W. Neall. George E. Boyer, of this Conclave, is 
 now the Supreme Chancellor of the order. 
 
 temperance societies. 
 Camden Division, No. 14, Sons of Temper- 
 ance, was organized February 12, 1869, with these 
 charter members : Edward Andrews, Henry Mc- 
 Fadden, Joseph B. Connelly, Benjamin H. Con- 
 nelly, J. E. Atkinson, Barton Lowe, John S. Mc- 
 Clintock, Joseph Sickler, Thomas Hillet, William 
 Heisler, John B. Thompson, Silas H. Quint, 
 Hampton Williams, John Reynolds, Louis Hend- 
 rickson, William Quinn. The division meets in 
 Sensfelder's Hall, with a membership of ninety- 
 three, and a reserve fund of six hundred dollars. 
 The present officers are : Worthy Patriarch, George 
 Amer ; Worthy Associate, Mary Burling ; Record- 
 ing Scribe, Emily Daugherty ; Financial Scribe, 
 
 Edward Daugherty ; Treasurer, Charles Boddy ; 
 Chaplain, Eugene Turner; C, Julia Bartin ; A. C, 
 Mary Dodd; Trustees, E. N. Daugherty, David 
 Suvrun and Charles Boddy. The Past Worthy 
 Patriarchs are David Surran, Emma Schmitz, Wm. 
 Cadwell, Etta Boddy, Julia Bartin, Charles Bartin, 
 Charles Boddy, Lane Mills, E. N. Daugherty and 
 Eugene Turner. 
 
 Aek or Safety Lodge, No. 25, Independent 
 Oedeb, of Good Templaes, was organized in the 
 Mission School-house, Chestnut and Ann, Febru- 
 ary 26, 1868, by G. W. E. T., Anthony J. Gould, 
 
 D. D. G. W. E., Barton Low, Charles Reed, A. C. 
 Jackson and other Grand Ofiicers. It was the first 
 colored lodge of the order, and these were the offi- 
 cers : Worthy Chief Templar, Philip T. Colding; 
 W. V. T., Mary Ann Peterson ; W. C, William H. 
 Bell; W. S., John O. B. Harris; W. A. S., James 
 
 E. B. Peter.=on ; W. F. S., Jacob T. Derrickson ; 
 W. T., Jeremiah Watkins ; W. M., Isaac Rogers; 
 W. D. M., Eliza Fountain; W. I. G., Mary Gray; 
 W. O. G., Robert Pennington ; W. N. H. S., Wm. 
 H. Gumby ; W. L. H. S., Anna J. Watkins. 
 
 The Befoemed Men's Home is on Chestnut 
 above Second Street. In 1879 Isaac S. Peacock,. 
 Nathaniel P. Marvel, Benjamin M. Braker, Fran- 
 cis Hughes, John McKenna, Count D. G. Hogan 
 and William R. Cory, members of the Men's Chris- 
 tian Temperance Union, meeting in Dispensary 
 Hall, conceived the project of establishing Sunday 
 breakfasts at Kaighns Point, and endeavoring to 
 lead the intemperate to habits of sobriety. B. M. 
 Braker, M. P. Marvel and Francis Hughes were 
 appointed a committee to make the arrangements, 
 and on the first Sunday in June the first breakfast 
 was served in a room about twelve feet square. 
 
 A permanent organization was effected and these 
 officers elected : President, Benjamin M. Braker ; 
 Vice-President, Robert M. Bingham ; Recording 
 Secretary, Nathaniel P. Marvel ; Financial Secre- 
 tary and Treasurer, William E. Cory ; Trustees, 
 Samuel Sheer, John D. Leckner, Robert Magee, 
 Francis Hughes, George Wilson. B. M. Braker, 
 William R. Cory and F. Hughes were appointed a 
 building committee, and leasing a lot on Kaighn 
 Avenue above Second Street, appealed to the citi- 
 zens of Camden, who responding liberally, a one- 
 story frame, twenty by sixty feet, was built and 
 furnished, and when it was dedicated, March 10, 
 1880, it was free from debt. 
 
 The lease expiring in 1885, ground was pur- 
 chased on Chestnut Street above Second, and the 
 Home moved upon it and renovated. It will seat 
 two hundred and fifty persons. These have been 
 the presidents of the society : Benjamin M. Braker, 
 
578 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEESEY. 
 
 Isaac S. Peacock, Edwia A. Allen, Eobert M. Bing- 
 ham, William Stout, John McKenna. 
 
 The Camden Home fob Friendless Chil- 
 DEEK" is an institution located on Haddon Avenue, 
 above Mount Vernon, the object and design of 
 which is to afford a home, food, clothing and 
 schooling for destitute friendless children, and, at 
 a suitable age, to place them with respectable 
 families to learn some useful trade or occupation. 
 The home was established and is conducted by a 
 corporation. The charter, granted by the State 
 Legislature, April 6, 1865, sets forth that " Whereas, 
 a number of citizens of this State have formed an 
 association for the laudable and benevolent pur- 
 pose of educating and providing for friendless and 
 destitute children ; and whereas, the Legislature 
 of this State is willing to encourage such purposes ; 
 therefore. Be it enacted by the Senate and Oeiieral 
 Assembly of the State of New Jersey, That Matthew 
 Newkirk, Elijah G. Cattell, James H. Stevens, 
 Georjre W. N. Custis, J. Earl Atkinson, Joseph C. 
 De L;i Cour, Joseph D. Eeinboth, Robert B. Potts, 
 Jesse W. Starr, Edmund E. Bead, John R. Gra- 
 ham, Benjamin H. Browning, Solomon M. Stim- 
 son. Philander 0. Brinck, John Aikman, Thomas 
 P. Carpenter, Elisha V. Glover, Thomas B. Atkin- 
 s 111, Isaac L. Lowe, Peter L. Voorhees, and their 
 associates, be and they are hereby incorporated 
 and made a body politic in law and fact, by the 
 name, style and title of ' The Camden Home for 
 Friendless Children.' " 
 
 The present officers and board of managers are 
 Charles Ehoads, president ; William Groves, treas- 
 urer ; J. L. De La Cour, corresponding and record- 
 ing secretary; H. Jeannette Taylor and Augustus 
 Dobson, physicians; Samuel H. Grey, solicitor; 
 Mrs. Butcher, matron. 
 
 Board of Managers. — Miss E. L. Few Smith, 
 Mrs. Jefferson Lewis, Mrs. William Groves, Mrs. 
 E. V. Glover, Mrs. William Curtiss, Miss A. M. 
 Eobeson, Mrs. J. F. Starr, Sr., Mrs. H. B. Wilson, 
 Mrs. Charles J. String, Mrs. J. Hugil, Miss E. F. 
 Jenniugs, Mrs. E. H. Byran, Miss Kate Da Costa, 
 Mrs. L. T. Derousse, Mrs. Joseph Elverson, Mrs. 
 J. H. Townsend, Mrs. Joseph J. Bead, Mrs. Joseph 
 Watson, Mrs. William Davison, Mrs. Joseph M. 
 Kaighn, Mrs. Charles Khoads, Mrs. J. L. De La 
 Cour, Mrs. E. E. F. Humphreys. 
 
 MUSICAL OEGANIZATIONS. 
 
 The Philhaemonic Society.— In the early 
 part of May, 1883, the Mendelssohn Singing So- 
 ciety was organized in the lecture-room of the 
 North Baptist Church, with Joshua Pfeiifer, presi- 
 dent ; Fred. J. Paxon, secretary and treasurer ; and 
 
 P. G. Fithian, musical director. The chorus num- 
 bered sixteen voices. They sang there until Decem- 
 ber 20, 1883, when they were requested to assist in 
 an oratorio to be given by the choir of the First 
 Presbyterian Church, entitled "Daniel." At the 
 close of the oratorio the chorus repaired to the 
 chapel of the First Church. A meeting was or- 
 ganized and presided over by Mr. Carlton M. Wil- 
 liams, and it was decided to incorporate the organ- 
 ization as a permanent society for the study of 
 choral music. A committee of three, consisting of 
 Professors Theo. T. Crane, P. G. Fithian and Dr. 
 J. M. McGrath, were appointed to consider the 
 advisability of such a plan, and to draft a consti- 
 tution and by-laws. The committee called a 
 meeting on January 29, 1884, which was held in 
 North Baptist Church lecture-room, and Prof. P. 
 G. Fithian was elected musical director, and Mrs. 
 Abbie L. Price accompanist. At a directors' 
 meeting, held February 8, 1883, Mr. O. 0. Molan 
 was elected president and Mr. E. S. Titus secretary. 
 On December 8, 1884, Mr. O. C. Molan resigned 
 as president, and Mr. George W. Wentling, Jr., 
 was elected in his place. 
 
 The first concert of the society was given Thurs- 
 day, February 19, 1885 ; the second, Thursday, May 
 28, 1885 ; the third, Thursday, October 21, 1885 ; 
 the fourth, Thursday, May 4, 1886. The musical 
 selections of the society are entirely classic, princi- 
 pally from the oratorios of " Messiah," " Creation," 
 and "Woman of Samaria," "Naaman," "Elijah" 
 and "St. Paul." Among the members of the so- 
 ciety who have taken prominent part in the concerts 
 have been R. Zeckwer, piano; R. Herwig, celloist; 
 M. Van Gelder, violin ; Emma Suelke and M. H. 
 Elliott, soprano; Max Friedman, tenor; William 
 Stobbe, xylophonist; E. M, Zimmerman, basso; 
 Frank Cauffman, baritone; Thomas A'Beckett 
 and Mr. Diederichs, accompanists. 
 
 The officers at the meetings are George W. 
 Wentling, Jr., president ; C. K. Middleton, vice- 
 president ; Fred. J. Paxon, secretary ; A. H. Mar- 
 shall, treasiirer; Alfred Fricke, Calvin Crowell, 
 Dr. J. M. McGrath, William J. Boynton, E. D. 
 Barto, board of directors; Prof. P. G. Fithian, 
 musical director; Miss Schooley, accompanist. 
 The chorus numbers sixty voices and meets every 
 Monday evening at Post 37, G. A?R. Hall, Stevens 
 Street, below Fifth Street'. This is the only sing- 
 ing society of mixed voices that has ever existed 
 longer than one year in Camden, and is now one 
 of the best in New Jersey. 
 
 The National Coenet Band was organized 
 in 1868, with Joseph Jennings as leader. In 1871 
 the name was changed to the Sixth Regiment Band 
 
c4ft 
 
 tn*~^. 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 579 
 
 and it was mustered into the service of the National 
 Guard, and was the only regimental band in the 
 State for years. Their present band-room is at 
 the Sixth Eegiment Armory, southwest corner of 
 West and Jlickle Streets. The present members 
 ai-e, Joseph Jennings, John Roth, Augusta Buese, 
 Gordon Phillips, Lewis Seal, Charles Landwehr, 
 Charles Felcon, John Brown, D. C. >iewman Col- 
 lins, Alfred Colbins, Charles Bowyer, Isaac Heins, 
 Joseph Young, Eichard Richardson, Benjamin A. 
 Woolman, Hai-ry Carles, AVm. Stevenson, Fred- 
 erick Ivlaproth, Henry Myers, G. Philip Stephany 
 Adam Markgral't, Charles Ellis, Emerson Ogborn, 
 Charles Frost, Hiram Hirst. 
 
 The Camden City Beajs Baxd of 1886 is the 
 Reliance Band of Camden under a new name. 
 The Reliance was organized in February, 1886, 
 under the leadership of Joseph Conine. In March, 
 by the resignation of Mr. Conine, W. J. Hopper 
 became leader, and in October of the same year 
 the name of the band was changed as above. The 
 band has a membership of twenty, all of whom 
 are Knights of the Golden Eagle, Camden Castle, 
 No. 1. The band has regular engagements for all 
 the Knight parades, also for Posts 37 and o, G. A. 
 R., of Camden. The band headquarters are at the 
 corner of Fifth and Roydon Streets. 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 William and Ed. Priest (father and son) first 
 started business as general riggers and house- 
 movers in ISSl, with a rigging and block-shop at 
 Xo. 415 Taylor Avenue. The firm take contracts 
 for moving frame and brick buildings and heavy 
 hoisting, and moving of boilers, smoke-stacks, 
 monuments, etc. 
 
 Jesse Middleton, log pump-maker, started the 
 manufacture of old-style log pumps in lSG.3,at Xo. 
 513 Mount Vernon Street. These pumps are still 
 in demand in the country, while in the towns the 
 cucumber and iron pumps are largely used. At 
 the shops of Mr. Middleton, where various kinds 
 of pumps are sold, a large business has been built 
 up. He is also engaged in sinking tubular wells, 
 well-digging, etc. 
 
 Benjamin M. Braker was born October 24, 
 lS2ii, in Bristol, England. His father, Benjamin 
 Braker, was a minister in the Baptist Church and 
 came to America in 1830, settling in Lambertville, 
 X. J., and subsequently moved to Pennsylvania, 
 where he died in 1S4S. Benjamin M. Braker ob- 
 tained his education in the district schools, but 
 even in his youth and since he grew to manhood 
 has been a diligent reader and has thus acquired 
 a vast fund of information. 
 
 In 1861 he was engaged upon the Philadelphia 
 Inquirer and Sunday Transcript and has since made 
 journalism his principal avocation. He edited the 
 Gloucester City Heporter from 1SS2 to 18S5 
 
 In 1 850 he married Miss Mary M. Wright and 
 settled in Camden, where he has since remained, 
 taking an active and influential part in public 
 aflairs. An advanced Liberal in politics, he was a 
 delegate to and secretary of the State Free-Soil 
 Convention held at Trenton in 1S52. He was one 
 of the promoters of and speakera at the formation 
 of the first Republican Club organized in Camden, 
 April 12, 1854, and in 1S56 was one of the principal 
 organizers of that party in West Jersey and is still 
 one of its prominent speakers. In 18G2 he was 
 elected justice of the peace and has been re-elected 
 four times since. In 1877 he was elected city recor- 
 der and re-elected 188tl, '83 and '86. In 1884 he was 
 elected to House of Assembly ; was a leading mem- 
 ber, taking part in important debates ; was on the 
 committee on education, municipal corporations 
 and chairman of the committee on printing and 
 on labor and industries. In the preparation of the 
 history of the cities of Camden and Gloucester, as 
 embraced iu this volume, Mr. Braker rendered 
 valuable assistance. 
 
 Wilson Fitzgerald, one of the notably suc- 
 cessful business men of Camden, began life as a 
 poor boy. He was a son of George K. and Eliza- 
 beth (Rees) Fitzgerald (married October 3, 1807, 
 by Rev. Mr. Abercromby, at St. Peter's Church, 
 Philadelphia), and was born February 26, 1819, 
 in the Northern Liberties, Philadelphia. When 
 nine years of age his father died, and he, being 
 obliged to make his own living, went upon a farm 
 in Montgomery County, where he became inured 
 to hard work and laid the foundation of a rugged 
 constitution and those habits of industry and thrift 
 which he has maintained throughout his life. He 
 remained upon the farm until he was sixteen years 
 old, and then, resolving to learn a trade, and 
 choosing that which had been his father's, he en- 
 tered as an apprentice the cooper-shop of Titus & 
 Edwai-ds, on Commerce Stieet, above Fifth, Phila- 
 delphia. Here he worked for five years for his 
 board and an allowance of twenty-five dollars 
 per year for clothes. The youths of to-day would 
 consider themselves very hardly used or abused 
 had they to endure the rigid laws of labor which 
 then prevailed. During the five years' apprentice- 
 ship, which it was customary to serve in nearly all 
 trades, the only holidays allowed were the Fourth 
 of July and Clrristmas, and the apprentice boys 
 were given on each of these occasions the sum of 
 twenty-five cents for spending money. This was 
 
580 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 all the cash they received, and was prized accord- 
 ingly. Their habits were of necessity frugal, and 
 they were safe from many of the temptations to 
 which the young men of to-day fall ready victims. 
 After he had " served his time," young Fitzgerald 
 went to work as a journeyman for John Edwards 
 & Son, on Bank Street, working one year at six 
 dollars per week, and then being made foreman of 
 the shop, receiving seven dollars per week for the 
 four subsequent years. He then determined to 
 start in trade for himself, and opened a cooper- 
 shop on Greenleaf Court (now Merchant Street), 
 with a capital of two hundred dollars, which, by 
 rigid economy, he had saved from his scanty earn- 
 ings. After carrying on business, with a fair de- 
 gree of success, for eleven yeai-s, he sold his shop 
 to the man with whom he had learned his trade, 
 and removed to Camden. This was in March, 1845, 
 immediately after his marriage, to which we shall 
 again advert. He bought property on Stevens 
 Street, where he was in reality a pioneer, as that 
 vicinity was then a common, showing no improve- 
 ment except the little house which he built there 
 for twelve hundred dollars. This became the 
 home of Mr. Fitzgerald and his wife, and very 
 proud indeed was the young man of the modest 
 house which his labor and thrift had provided. 
 He continued building in that neighborhood, as 
 his means permitted, until no less than twenty-six 
 houses had arisen in testimony to his enterprise, 
 completely changing the aspect of that part of the 
 town. When he first went to Camden he rented 
 a house on Federal Street, above Second, and in it 
 started what was probably the first green grocery 
 and provision store in Camden. In 1856 he 
 bought property at Beasley's Point, Cape May 
 County, N. J., and for five years followed farming 
 there, also carrying on, in the summer, a boarding- 
 house. In 18(51 he sold this property and, return- 
 ing to Camden, established himself in the grain, 
 flour and feed business on Front Street, below 
 Market, in the old Hollinshead Hotel building. 
 This store was subsequently extended through to 
 Market Street. Here Mr. Fitzgerald probably 
 carried on the first wholesale flour business which 
 was transacted in Camden. About 1871 he moved 
 to his present place of business, Nos. 10 and 12 
 Market Street, which building he erected. His 
 son, John L., is associated with him, under the 
 firm-name of Wilson Fitzgerald & Co., in the 
 management of this house. They have a very ex- 
 tensive trade in flour, feed, seeds and fertilizers. 
 In connection with this business, Mr. Fitzgerald 
 brought to the city the first salt that ever came 
 here in bulk— a ship's cargo from Turk's Island. 
 
 He was also instrumental in bringing about the 
 system of delivering in Camden unbroken car- 
 loads of produce and merchandise from the West, 
 by which immense sums of money have been saved. 
 He first, as an experiment, brought the cars from 
 Trenton, and this led to, or rather forced, the 
 adoption of the present plan of ferrying the cars 
 across the river from Philadelphia, thus placing 
 unbroken bulk freight at the doors of Camden's 
 warehouses, mills and stores ; and that, too, when 
 it is through billed, as cheaply as it can be deliv- 
 ered in Philadelphia. In addition to his mercan- 
 tile business, our subject carries on a large farm on 
 the Delaware River, about midway between Wood- 
 bury and Mantua Creek, and he has a house there 
 as well as in the city. His has been a very active 
 life, and his prosperity, well-deserved as it is, has 
 followed as a logical result from his industry and 
 integrity. Mr. Fitzgerald is a Republican, but not 
 a politician. He has held a seat in the City Coun- 
 cil for six years — -three years representing the Mid- 
 dle and three years the North Ward. 
 
 On March 11, 1845, Mr. Fitzgerald was united 
 in marriage with Joanna ColhoUer. They have 
 had seven children, five of whom are living. Eliz- 
 abeth, born September 27, 1846, married Walker 
 W. Chew; Anna, born September 9, 1849, is the 
 wife of Louis T. Derousse ; Mary Emma, born 
 February 18, 1852, died in infancy ; and Clara, born 
 January 21, 1853, died iu more advanced years ; 
 Fannie Bockius, born Nov. 26, 1856, married J. E. 
 Stockham ; John Lawrence, who is associated with 
 his father in business, was born October 16, 1858, 
 and married Miss Adele Annie Kite ; Wiison, the 
 youngest of the family, born November 14, 1860, 
 married Miss Amanda A. Smith, and resides in 
 Camden, as do also the other children of Mr. and 
 Mrs. Fitzgerald. 
 
 Peank p. Middleton is the great-grandson 
 of John and Sarah Middleton, and the grandson 
 of Joseph Middleton, who married Anna, daughter 
 of Levi and Elizabeth Ellis. To Joseph Middle- 
 ton and his wife were born twelve children, — eight 
 sons and four daughters, — of whom but two survive. 
 Bowman H., a native of Haddonfleld, N. J., and 
 the fifth son, was born on the 19th of July, 1814, 
 and spent his life in the county of his birth. He 
 early became proficient in the trade of a cabinet- 
 maker, subsequently removed to Camden and car- 
 ried on the business of an undertaker until his 
 death, in 1866. Though interested in public afiiiirs, 
 he did not aspire to office, his ambition being 
 satisfied with the position of coroner, which he 
 filled for some years. He married Elizabeth 
 Venable, of Camden, N. J., whose children are 
 
^^^.^^^^ /%^^^^^^^^^&^^i^ 
 
THE CITY OF CAMDEN. 
 
 581 
 
 Frank P., Josiah V., Anna (Mrs. English), Charles 
 K. and Emily. Frank P., the subject of this bio- 
 graphical sketch, was born May 6, 1837, in Marl- 
 ton, Burlington County, N. J., and at an early age 
 removed with his parents to Camden. His educa- 
 tional advantages were such as the country af- 
 forded, supplemented by more thorough training 
 in Camden, after which he began his active career 
 aa assistant to his father in the undertaking busi- 
 ness. He continued thus employed until the 
 death of the latter, when, in connection with his 
 brother, he managed the business in behalf of 
 the estate. In 1869 Mr. Middleton established 
 himself in Camden as an undertaker and speedily 
 acquired an extended patronage. He was, on the 
 70 
 
 14th of February, 1864, married to Mary, daughter 
 of Anthony and Martha Williams, of Philadelphia. 
 Their children are Lizzie (deceased), Laura (de- 
 ceased), Mattie and Harry (twins) and Mary and 
 Frank (twins, deceased). Mr. Middleton is a 
 Eepublican in his political affiliations, but has 
 never allowed the allurements of the political 
 arena to draw him from the routine of his 
 legitimate business. He is a member of Chosen 
 Friends Lodge, No. 29, of Independent Order of 
 Odd-Fellows ; of Provident Lodge, No. 4, of An- 
 cient Order of United Workmen ; and of Ionic 
 Lodge, No. 12, of the Order of Sparta. Both Mr. 
 and Mrs. Middleton are members of the North 
 Baptist Church of Camden. 
 
GLOUCESTER CITY. 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 Topography — Early History — Fort Nassau— Gloucester as a County 
 Seat — County Courts and Public Buildings -The Original Town 
 and Some of its Inhabitants — A Beserted Village — An Era of Pros- 
 perity Arrives — Incorporation and City Government — Manufac- 
 turing Interests — Religious History— Schools — Societies— Glou_ 
 cester as a Pleasure Resort — The Fox Hunting Club— Fisheries. 
 
 Topography. — The name of Gloucester is bor- 
 rowed from a cathedral town on the bank of the 
 Severn, in the west of England, whence emigrated 
 some of the earliest settlers of West Jersey. The 
 word itself is from the Celtic, — glaw caer, — which 
 signifies " handsome city." 
 
 Gloucester City is in the southwestern part of the 
 county, on a peninsula formed by the Delaware 
 River on the west, Great and Little Timber 
 Creeks on the south and southeast, and Newton 
 Creek on the north and east. It is situated on 
 slightly undulating ground, sufficiently elevated 
 to insure good drainage, which is further assured 
 by the geological formation, — a body of sand and 
 gravel, from ten to thirty feet thick, resting on a 
 stratum of clay. This, with the broad and fast- 
 flowing river on the west, whence, in summer, 
 cool breezes are wafted, joined to wide, clean 
 streets abounding in shade, and the large yards 
 and gardens in fruit-trees giving, at a distance, the 
 appearance of an inhabited forest — to which add 
 excellent water in abundance, good schools, nu- 
 merous societies, full religious opportunities, with 
 many industrial establishments, insuring work for 
 those who will — altogether point to Gloucester City 
 as a desirable place to live in. That the people 
 live and live long is proven by the annual table of 
 vital statistics, which show it to excel most towns 
 of its size in healthfulness, the death-rate in 1885 
 being 15.42 in the 1000, while in Camden it was 
 18.30, in the county 17.87 and in the State 18.63. 
 
 The area of Gloucester is one and a half square 
 582 
 
 miles, within which live five thousand nine hun- 
 dred and sixty-six persons, an average of six to 
 the acre ; in eleven hundred and thirty-seven 
 houses, an average of five and one-fourth to the 
 house; with an assessed valuation (much below real 
 value) of $1,763,510, an average of $295.50 per 
 capita ; and the eleven hundred and thirty-seven 
 houses are owned by six hundred and seventy-five 
 persons. The city contains seven industrial estab- 
 lishments, with a capacity for employing two 
 thousand five hundred persons and an annual pay- 
 roll of nine hundred thousand dollars ; well-ap- 
 pointed schools, with room for all, and a compe- 
 tent corps of teachers, at an annual cost of eight 
 thousand dollars ; five churches, representing dif- 
 ferent shades of religious belief, having, in all, 
 two thousand two hundred members; and two 
 railroads and a line of ferry-boats, giving 
 frequent means of ingress and egress. The 
 municipality owns a city hall, adequate for all re- 
 quirements ; has built sewers ; streets are lighted 
 by gas; has a debt of seventy-six thousand dollars, 
 incurred by the construction of water-works cost- 
 ing eighty-five thousand dollars and sufficient for 
 a population of forty thousand. The cost of the 
 city government is twelve thousand dollars a year, 
 covered by a tax rate of two per cent, for all pur- 
 poses. Such is the Gloucester of 1886. Forty 
 years ago it was a hamlet, a hundred years ago but 
 the ruins of a former town, and one hundred and 
 ninety years ago the only town in South Jersey. 
 
 Early History— Fort Nassau.— In 1621 the 
 States-General of the New Netherlands granted to 
 the Second West India Company, of Holland, a 
 large tract of land upon the eastern coast of North 
 America.' .This company sent out, for the New 
 World, in 1623, a vessel in command of Captain 
 
 1 See Early History of Gloucester County, p. 32. 
 
GLOUCESTER CITY. 
 
 583 
 
 Cornelius Jacobss Mey, who brought with him a 
 number of persons and materials, with the inten- 
 tion of establishing a colony. All early historians 
 agree that he entered Delaware Bay in 1623, and 
 gave his name to the cape at the southern extrem- 
 ity of New Jersey, and which still retains it, al- 
 though anglicized as Cape May. Gordon's " His- 
 tory of New Jersey," page 7, says he fixed upon 
 Hermaomissing, at the mouth of the Sassackon, 
 the most northerly branch of Timber Creek, as the 
 place for his settlement, and where he built a log 
 fort, which he named Nassau, in honor of a town 
 on the Upper Rhine river, in Germany. How 
 long Captain Mey remained with his colony at 
 Fort Nassau, or what was the cause of his depar- 
 ture, is not known ; but the next ship that was sent 
 up the Delaware, in 1631, eight years after, found 
 the place entirely deserted by the colony and in 
 possession of the Indians. The exact locality even 
 of the fort is a matter of conjecture; and even 
 Evelin, Campanius, Lindstrom, Van Der Donck, 
 Kalm, Acrelius and other early writers, failed to 
 agree upon its exact location. The earliest of the 
 writers named, Evelin, was, in 1633, one of the set- 
 tlers at Fort Eriwamac, at the mouth of Pensau- 
 kin Creek. So completely was every vestige of 
 Fort Nassau destroyed that its site cannot be defi- 
 nitely determined. 
 
 Recent research has, to some extent, removed 
 the mystery of the site which Captain Mey chose 
 for his fortification. Mickle, in his " Reminis- 
 cences of Old Gloucester," carefully examined the 
 evidence, and since his time others have success- 
 fully pursued the same line of investigation. The 
 results are found in the paper upon "The Hol- 
 landers in New Jersey," submitted by Rev. Abra- 
 ham Messier, D.D., to the New Jersey Historical 
 Society May 16, 1850 ; Edward Armstrong's pa- 
 pers on the history and site of the fort, contained 
 in Volume VI. of the Society's proceedings ; and 
 the report of the Society's committee in 1852, au- 
 thorized to examine the supposed location which 
 is embraced in the same volume. 
 
 The moi't reasonable deduction from this mass 
 of evidence and investigation is that Fort Nassau 
 was perched upon the high ground of Gloucester 
 Point, or, more definitely, that " it was situated 
 immediately upon the river at the southern ex- 
 tremity of the highland abutting upon the meadows 
 north of mouth of the Timber Creek." " That posi- 
 tion," Mickle wrote, " would have struck the eye 
 of an engineer, inasmuch as a fortress thus situa- 
 ted could have commanded both the river and 
 creek, while it would have been greatly secured 
 from the attacks of the Indians by the low 
 
 marshy land which surrounded it on all sides ex- 
 cept the north. Some of the cabins which con- 
 stituted the town of Nassau are supposed, with 
 much reason, to have stood, near the mouth of the 
 Sassackon, which was one of the many names for 
 Timber Creek. The first fort, erected in 1623, was 
 probably a very rude pile of logs, just sufiicient to 
 serve as a breastwork. This having been destroyed 
 by the Indians, another fort was built in 1642, 
 when the Dutch returned to watch their rivals, 
 the Swedes. The latter fort, Barker supposes to 
 have been built with some style, as its architect 
 was Hendrick Christiansee, the builder of Fort 
 Amsterdam." Mickle dates the rebuilding in 
 1642 on the authority of " Holmes' Annals '' and 
 " Duponceau's Annotations.' Gabriel Thomas or 
 his engraver was manifestly wrong in placing upon 
 his map a Dutch fort at some distance above Glou- 
 cester, at the mouth of what seems to be intended 
 for Coopers Creek. Lindstrom, in his description 
 of New Sweden in the time of Governor Prinz, 
 said that at the location of the fort, "la riviere est 
 ici bien profonde." If the fort was situated where 
 the river was very deep, which is Lindstrom's 
 meaning, it could not have been any distance up 
 Timber Creek, but at Gloucester Point. 
 
 The house of John Hugg, who purchased fivr 
 hundred acres from Robert Zane in 1683, is sup- 
 posed to have been built upon the site of Fori 
 Nassau, and its location coincides with the strong- « . 
 est theories of the situation of the work. John 
 Eedfield, who lived near by, prompted the inves- 
 tigation made by Mr. Armstrong. Redfield's 
 daughter having brought from the river-shore a 
 flower which he suspected was exogenous, he vis- 
 ited the spot where it was plucked and found pieces 
 of Dutch brick and ware in the ground, and por- 
 tions of a wall surmounted by a few logs, indicat- 
 ing the remains of a redoubt or a building erected 
 for defense. From the abandonment of the fort, 
 about 1651, to 1677, when the London and York- 
 shire commissioners sailed up the Delaware River, 
 the shore from Timber Creek to Pensaukin was in 
 undisputed possession of a few Indians, although 
 under the jurisdiction of the English since 1664. 
 
 In an article contributed to the Pennsylvania 
 Magazine of History in July, 1885, Judge John 
 Clement says, — 
 
 " When the London and Yorkshire commis- 
 sioners, accompanied by their friends, found their 
 ship in the Delaware River in 1677, their attention 
 was naturally drawn toward the territory on the 
 eastern side of that beautiful stream. Their fu- 
 ture homes were to be there, for they had come to 
 ' plan I a nation,' yet their minds did not compre- 
 
584 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 hend the importance of their undertaking, nor 
 did they see tlie end from such small beginnings. 
 In ascending the river, that prominent point 
 known among the Indians as Arwaumus, was a 
 noticeable feature, and it was at once agreed that 
 it was a suitable site for a city and by the new- 
 comers called Gloucester Point. In fact, the Lon- 
 don commissioners insisted upon stopping at this 
 place, and it was only after much persuasion and 
 substantial inducements offered, that they con- 
 sented to go to Burlington and settle with the 
 others. 
 
 " It is quite possible also that the remains of Fort 
 Nassau, built in 1623, were there, around 
 which were a few Swedish and Dutch settlers. 
 The true position of this fort has always been in 
 doubt, some claiming that it stood in the marsh 
 near the mouth of Timber Creek, and others that 
 it was built on the high ground, the present site of 
 Gloucester City, this being in the eye of a military 
 engineer the most suitable spot for a work of de- 
 fense. Although the London owners, through 
 over-persuasion, settled with their friends at Bur- 
 lington, the original purpose was not abandoned, 
 for in a short time individuals were prospecting 
 for land bounding on Cooper, Newton and Timber 
 Creeks, and a few families had already settled at 
 the Point." 
 
 Erection of Gloucester County. — In the 
 year 1678 Robert Turner, of London, came to thia 
 country, and soon after prospected for land in this 
 vicinity. In 1682 Mark Newbie, Thomas Thack- 
 ara, Robert Zane, William Bates and their families, 
 and Thomas Sharp and George Goldsmith came to 
 Salem, and, in accordance with the advice of 
 Robert Turner, located a large tract of land on 
 Newton Creek and its middle branch, on which 
 they settled. 
 
 In the year 1686, the territory having become 
 populous, the inhabitants of the territory embraced 
 in the third and fourth tenths, residing between 
 Pensaukin and Oldmans Creeks, met on the 28th 
 of May at Arwaumus, or Gloucester Point, and 
 formed a county constitution, defined the bounda- 
 ries of the new county, called Gloucester, arranged 
 for courts and executed other business necessary 
 to complete an organization without the warrant of 
 legislative action ; but as the Province was in con- 
 fusion, and Burlington, the place where official 
 business was transacted, was far away, the people 
 took this opportunity to provide for themselves 
 offices of record and a more convenient place for 
 the transaction of public business. This action 
 was confirmed by the Provincial Government in 
 1692 and 1694. 
 
 Gloucester as a County-Seat. — It is very 
 evident that at the time of this action there were 
 some settlers at Gloucester, but who they all were 
 is not definitely known. Mathew Medcalf, Samuel 
 Harrison, John Reading, William Harrison and 
 Thomas and Richard Bull were among the first 
 settlers there. Some of them were friends of the 
 London commissioners, and others the settlers on 
 Newton Creek, who became residents of the new 
 county-seat. 
 
 A tract of land was laid out by them. It was 
 proposed and intended from the year 1677 to make 
 the place a town, and on the 12th of the Sixth 
 Month, 1686, the proprietors held a public meeting 
 at Gloucester, at which it was mutually agreed 
 by all the proprietors then present to lay out a 
 town. A memorandum was drawn up, which is 
 now in the Surveyor-General's Office, at Burling- 
 ton, extracts from which are here given : 
 
 Article 1. " That the town shall contain nine 
 streets, extending from the River Delaware back- 
 wards, the land embraced to be laid out and 
 divided into ten equal parts, every one fronting 
 the river and containing in breadth 220 yards." 
 
 Article 2. " That at present there shall be a 
 cross street, run through the town at the distance 
 of twelve chains and twenty links, from Water 
 Street to the river-side." 
 
 Article 3. " That the two middle divisions, or 
 tenth part, of the town shall again be divided into 
 two equal parts, by the running of a street to cross 
 the same in the midst, between Water Street and 
 the aforesaid street running through the town." 
 
 Article 4. " That there shall be a square three 
 chains every way, laid out for a Market-Place, 
 where the said cross street shall meet and intersect 
 the higher great street, which is between the two 
 middle tenths, or divisions aforesaid." 
 
 Article 5. "That the four quarters bordering 
 to the market-place be divided and made by the 
 running of the afforesaid short cross street and High 
 street shall be again divided into equal shares and 
 lots, of which every quarter shall contain twenty 
 and two, being in the whole eighty-eight lots, the 
 length of which shall be half the distance between 
 the said Water Street and short cross street, which 
 is sixty yards, and the breadth of each lot shall be 
 the eleventh part of the breadth of one of the mid- 
 dle divisions, or tenth part of the Town is twenty 
 yards." 
 
 Article 6 provided " that every proprietor shall 
 have privilege of choosing his lot, provided he settle 
 on the same and build a house within six months." 
 
 Article 7 provided "that every proprietor hav- 
 ing a right to a twentieth part of a Propriety may 
 
GLOUCESTER CITY. 
 
 585 
 
 take up one of the aforesaid eighty-eight lota, and 
 80 proportionately for any greater share or part." 
 
 Article 12 says ; " That the town be from hence- 
 forth called Gloucester, and the third and fourth 
 tenths the County of Gloucester." 
 
 Article 13 prayed " That the creek heretofore and 
 commonly called by the name of Timber Creek be 
 and is hereby nominated and is henceforth to be 
 called by the name of Gloucester River." 
 
 Article 14 provides " That for taking up lands 
 within the town bounds or liberties of Glouces- 
 ter." 
 
 It is evident that at this stage of the meeting 
 some of the members had been thinking of the 
 plan proposed, and had feared that trouble would 
 ensue in a division of lots, and Article 15 provided 
 other means of distribution, by which "the 
 proprietors, aforesaid, do fully and absolutely con- 
 sent, conclude and agree." 
 
 All former locations were declared null and void 
 by Article 16, and Article 17 declared "that what 
 land soever shall be taken up within the Town 
 boundary shall be by lot, and instead of a first 
 choice (as formerly proposed), the first lot shall now 
 claim and have the first survey," and so on. 
 
 Article 18 provided " That before any land be 
 surveyed in the Town there shall a road be laid 
 and marked out from High Street in Gloucester, 
 through the middle of the Town bounds, until it 
 meets with Salem road." 
 
 Article 19 declared " That there be two public 
 and commodious landings in the most convenient 
 places on the banks of the Gloucester river and the 
 branch of the Newton (ireek, surveyed and laid 
 forth with roads leading from them into the afibre- 
 said high road, through the midst of the Town 
 bounds." 
 
 Article 20 declared " That there shall be a lane 
 or road of 33 foot broad laid out at the distance and 
 end of every twenty chains through the Town 
 bounds, from the high road of each side thereof, 
 down to the branch of Gloucester river and the 
 branch of Newton Creek." 
 
 The great road was ordered to be begun the 20th 
 of August following, also the public landings, with 
 the roads and the rest of the lands or roads lead- 
 ing from the branches, and proceeded with until 
 completed. 
 
 It was also ordered that the surveyor, Thomas 
 Sharp, be furnished with four assistants, namely : 
 Francis Collins, Thomas Thackara, John Reading 
 and Mathew Medcalf, each of which was to have 
 five shillings per day, and the surveyor ten shil- 
 lings. 
 
 The following-named persons were subscribers 
 
 to the articles, who declared that "All the 
 several Articles and conclusions are never exposed 
 and declared before:" William Coxe, Francis 
 Collins, William Roydon, Thomas Sharp, Robert 
 Zane, William Bates, Thomas Carleton, William 
 White, Mathew Medcalf, Thomas Thackara, John 
 Ffuller, Widow Welch, Richard Heritage, Wil- 
 liam Willis, James Atmore, Stephen Newby, Wil- 
 liam Coxe, Widow Bull, Francis Collins, Thomas 
 Coxe and William Alberson. 
 
 The eighty-eight lots in the town plot were num- 
 bered and began at the north end of Water Street ; 
 the lots are numbered as follows, and the name of 
 owner and date of survey is here given as far as 
 could be ascertained : No. 1, corner of Water 
 Street, Samuel Harrison, November 1, 1689; Nos. 2, 
 3 and 4, Matthew Medcalf, November 25, 1689; No. 
 5, Sarah Harrison, for her husband, January 24, 
 1689 ; No. 6, John Reading, November 26, 1690 ; 
 Nos. 7 and 8, Andrew Robeson, March 12, 1689; 
 Nos. 9, 10 and 11, John Reading, . December 6, 
 1688 ; No. 11 was on the corner of Water Street 
 and the great road ; No. 12, Francis Collins, also 
 on corner of Water Street and great road, south 
 side, September 12, 1689 ; Nos. 13 and 14, Thomas 
 Bull, December 17, 1689; lot No. 15, Sarah 
 Wheeler, September 13, 1689 (this lot was a triangle 
 at the turn in the river, the lots from this front 
 were laid out at right angles) ; No. 16, William 
 Roydon, October 7, 1689 ; No. 17 to Daniel Read- 
 ing, August 9, 1689 ; Nos. 18 and 19, Anthony 
 Sharp (uncle of Thomas Sharp), April 26, 1689 ; 
 No. 20, Thomas Sherman, November 26, 1690; 
 Nos. 21, 22 and 23, vacant to the town line on 
 the corner northward from the town line on the 
 east side of the main road ; Nos. 24, 25, 26 and 27, 
 vacant ; Nos. 28, 29 and 30, in rear of 18 and 19, 
 were surveyed to Anthony Sharp, April 26, 1689 ; 
 No. 31, John Reading ; Nos. 32 and 33, on south 
 side of public square were vacant ; Nos. 34, 35, 36, 37, 
 38 and 39, on north side of public square, John 
 Reading, December 17, 1689 ; lots 40, 41, 42, 43 and 
 44, to town line are vacant. The blocks containing 
 twenty lots each, on the west side of the north and 
 south road, are numbered from 44 to 66, and owned 
 by John Reading; lots 50,51, 52, 53, 54,55 and 58, 
 59, 60, 61 and 62. On the back line lots number from 
 67 northward to 88. Of them, John Reading owned 
 lots 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75 and 78, 79, 80, 81, 82 and 
 83. The town bounds, or liberties of Gloucester, 
 were divided, as before mentioned, into ten parts. 
 The land north of the bounds and on Newton 
 Creek was swampy and in possession of G. and W. 
 Harrison. The first part is marked on the town 
 plot as in possession of John Reading, the clerk of 
 
586 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 the county, and Samuel Harrison. Part second is 
 marked as mostly vacant, John Beading being in 
 possession of one-eighth of the part. Part three, 
 the north part, is mentioned as laid off to John 
 Reading and William Eoydon. Part four contains 
 the following: "Andrew Robeson one whole pro- 
 priety, ye 12th of 9th month, 1689." Part five 
 contains in its limits the north half of the old plot 
 which was on the west end ; the east end of this part 
 is marked as being in possession of Mathew Med- 
 calf, Richard Bull and John Reading. Part six 
 embraced within its limits the south half of the 
 old plot, and the east end of the part was owned 
 by Anthony Sharp and Richard Bull. Part seven 
 was surveyed to Robert Turner and Widow Bull. 
 Francis Collins is marked as in possession of the 
 north half of part eight and part nine and part 
 ten, and marked as vacant. The land and swamp 
 south of the town was owned by John Reading. 
 The plot of 1689 is known in old papers and 
 records as the " Liberties of Gloucester." For many 
 years Gloucester township and Gloucester town 
 were separate organizations. The latter extended 
 eastwardly to a line east of Mount Ephraim, be- 
 tween the present farms of Benjamin and Joseph 
 Lippincott, and to the farm of Samuel E. Shivers, 
 and running from the south branch of Newton 
 Creek to Little Timber Creek. On the 15th of 
 November, 1831, Gloucester town and a portion of 
 Gloucester township were laid out and given the 
 name of Union township, and included the terri- 
 tory now embraced in Gloucester City and Centre 
 township. The latter was erected from the greater 
 pan of the territory of Union township in 1855, 
 and the remaining portion of Union township, 
 upon the incorporation of the city of Gloucester, 
 February 25, 1868, was annexed to the city and so 
 remains. 
 
 The County Courts and Public Buildings. 
 — The first courts of the county of Gloucester were 
 held at Gloucester on the 1st day of September 
 1686, at whose house or tavern is not stated. 
 Courts were held a few times at Red Bank, but 
 that place was soon abandoned. At a meeting of 
 the court held at Gloucester on the 2d of Decem- 
 ber, 1689, it was decided to erect a jail, and the 
 court record contains the following entry concern- 
 ing it : 
 
 "Daniel Reading undertakes to build a goale 
 logg-house, fifteen or sixteen foot square, provided 
 he may have one lott of Land conveyed to him 
 and his heirs forever, and y' said house to Serve 
 for a prison till y' County makes a common goale 
 or until y' s'd logge-house shall with age be de- 
 stroyed or made insufficient for that purpose ; and 
 
 William Roydon undertakes to Convey y° lotts, he 
 being paid three pounds for the same at or before 
 y° next Courte." 
 
 This primitive prison was the abode of the 
 Gloucester malefactors until the end of 1695, when 
 the court ordered another of the same kind to be 
 built, but in June, 1696, it changed its plan and 
 decided to combine the jail with the first court- 
 house, the court having theretofore been held in 
 taverns or private houses. The following specifi- 
 cations were made : 
 
 "A prison of twenty foot long and sixleen wide, 
 of a sufficient height and strength, made of loggs, 
 to be erected and builded in Gloucester, with a 
 Court-House over the same, of a convenient height 
 and largeness, covered of and with cedar shingles, 
 well and workmanlike to be made, and with all 
 convenient expedition finished. Matthew Med- 
 calfe and John Reading to be overseers or agents 
 to lett the same or see the said buildings done and 
 performed in manner aforesaid, they to have 
 money for carrying on of the said work of the 
 last county tax." 
 
 On October 5, 1708, a stone and brick addition 
 was ordered, and to defray the expenses of this 
 improvement the grand jury levied a tax of one 
 shilling upon every hundred acres of land, six- 
 pence per head for every horse and mare more 
 than three years old, for neat cattle three pence 
 each, three shillings for each freeman in service 
 and three shillings for each negro over twelve 
 years of age, to be paid in current silver money or 
 corn, or any other country produce at money 
 price. 
 
 December 5, 1708, the grand jury considered it 
 necessary that an addition be made to the prison 
 and court-house and presented the following spec- 
 ifications : "That it joyne to the south end of the 
 ould one, to be made of stone and brick, twelve 
 feet in the cleare and two story high, with a stack 
 of chimneys joyning to the ould house, and that it 
 be uniform from ye foundation to the court-house." 
 This addition was made, and seven years later, in 
 April, 1715, the justices and freeholders decided 
 to build a jail twenty-four feet long, with walls nine 
 feet high and two feet thick. Another site was 
 selected and the old jail and court-house were sold 
 in March, 1719, to William Harrison. The county 
 buildings were completed in 1719, and in Decem- 
 ber of that year the justices and freeholders, not 
 being satisfied with the work, ordered the building 
 " to be pulled down to ye lower floor and rebuilt 
 upon the same foundation." About this time it 
 was ordered " that a payor of substantial stocks be 
 erected near the prison , with a post at each end. 
 
GLOUCESTER CITY. 
 
 587 
 
 well fixed and fastened with a hand cufF iron at 
 one of them for a whipping post." That a pillory 
 or stocks was established before this time is evi- 
 dent irom the fact that March 1, 1691, John Rich- 
 ards was found guilty of perjury, and sentenced to 
 pay twenty pounds "or stand in ye pillory one 
 hour." He chose the latter and served his sen- 
 tence April 12th following. 
 
 The court-house as reconstructed was quite an 
 elaborate building. The first story was the prison, 
 and imposed upon it was the court-house, the main 
 room of which was nine feet high, and was reached 
 by " a substantial flight of stone stayers." There 
 was " a Gallery at the Weste end from side to side," 
 and " a payer of stayers up into the garrett," be- 
 sides " a table and Bar, pailed, that it may Suffi- 
 ciently accommodate the Justices, Clerks, Attur- 
 neys and Jurys." The stocks and whipping-post 
 were set up near by, and in 1736 the board ordered 
 the addition of a yard, a watch-house, a work- 
 house and a pump to the public buildings of this 
 new county-seat. That the court-house was not 
 comfortable appears by this minute of December 
 19, 1721 : " Proclamation being made, the Court of 
 Common Pleas is adjourned to the house of Mary 
 Spey by reason of the cold." Probably the build- 
 ing had never been completed according to the 
 specifications, as in January, 1722, the board 
 passed a resolution directing Thomas Sharp to 
 prosecute Abraham Porter and William Harrison, 
 the building commissioners, on their bonds of fifty 
 pounds each, for non-performance of their duties ; 
 " or otherwise a Prosecution shall be proceeded in 
 against ye s'd Thomas Sharp for Paying ye third 
 and last Payment before it came due." The next 
 year this resolution was suspended in order to per- 
 mit them to finish their work. In 1750 Samuel 
 Cole was made manager of further additions, and 
 in 1782 repairs to the court-house and jail were 
 ordered, and such repairs to the county-house as 
 to make it tenable. The jail and court-house 
 were destroyed by fire March, 1786, and a major- 
 ity of the shareholders desired the buildings else- 
 where. The subject was brought before the people 
 of the county and an election was held and 
 Woodbury was selected as the county-seat, and old 
 Gloucester, after being the seat of justice for the 
 county one hundred years, lost its importance and 
 remained the same for many years after. 
 
 The Original Town and Some of its Peo- 
 ple.— Gabriel Thomas, writing in 1698, says of 
 Gloucester: "There is Gloucester Town, which is 
 a very fine and pleasant place, being well-stored 
 with summer fruits, such as cherries, mulberries 
 and strawberries ; whither young people come from 
 
 Philadelphia, in the wherry-boats, to eat strawber- 
 ries and cream, within sight of which city it is 
 sweetly located, being about three miles distant 
 from thence." 
 
 Oldmixon, writing in 1708, says: "Gloucester 
 is a good town, and gave name to a county. It 
 contains one hundred houses, and the country 
 about it is very pleasant." 
 
 A few facts only of the early residents of the 
 town have been obtained from the records and 
 otherpapers, the following of which are here given : 
 Mathew Medcalf, who, in 1686, was keeping tavern, 
 in 1695 and in 1733 conducted a ferry across the 
 Delaware. The Harrison family, Samuel and 
 Joseph, were still living in the town in 1750, as in 
 that year Samuel Harrison married Abagail Kaighn, 
 widow of John, and daughter of John Hinch- 
 man. She survived her husband and died at 
 Taunton Iron Works, Burlington County, where 
 she resided with her daughter Abagail, wife 
 of Richard Edwards. William Harrison was 
 sherifi' of Gloucester County in 1716, and, 
 later, one of the judges of the county courts. 
 The Huggs were large land-owners on Timber 
 Creek, and became the owners of the ferry and 
 tavern, at one of the public landings. William 
 Hugg, in 1778, was keeping the ferry and tavern, 
 and it was at his house the Fox-Hunting Club 
 was in the habit of meeting. The family siill own 
 the fishery there. John Burrough, who was the 
 first of the name in the county, was a weaver, and 
 was engaged in his occupation at Gloucester in 
 1688. In that year he bought a tract of land 
 between Great and Little Timber Creeks, and, about 
 1690, moved upon it. Richard and Thomas Bull 
 were lot-owners in the first division, as also was 
 Widow Sarah Bull. Thomas Bull, in 1710, married 
 Sarah Nelson, at the Newton Friends' Meeting- 
 house. He was, doubtless, a member of this fam- 
 ily. Richard Bull was still a resident of Glouces- 
 ter in 1717. Jacob and Thomas Clement, who 
 came from Long Island with the Harrisons, were 
 among the early residents of the town. Jacob 
 Clement married Ann, daughter of Samuel Har- 
 rison, of the same place. He was a shoemaker 
 and followed his trade by going from house to 
 house, as was the custom in those early days. In 
 1733 John Brown was taxed 10s. as a merchant. 
 Sarah Bull was then conducting a mercantile busi- 
 ness, for which she was assessed 2s. Medcalf's 
 ferry was assessed 12s., and Tatem's 7s. M. It is 
 probable that Tatem was then keeping one of the 
 Cooper ferries. 
 
 A Deserted Village.— The removal of the seat 
 of justice from Gloucester to Woodbury caused the 
 
688 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 former to decline in importance and influence, and 
 thenceforward, for nearly three-quarters of a cen- 
 tury, it was known only as a fishing town and a 
 place for the meeting of clubs from Philadelphia 
 and elsewhere. Multitudes visited it, but few re- 
 mained. Farming, berrying, fishing and catering to 
 the desires of pleasure-seekers constituted the avo- 
 cations of the few people who lived here during the 
 ante-industrial period. The "Old Brick" ferry- 
 house, at the Point; Powell's farm-house, on the 
 shore,atthefoot of Somerset Street, built in 1696 (the 
 date on the tablet was obscure when it was torn 
 down by Captain William Albertson, in 1882); the 
 Plummer House, on the site of the iron works ; 
 the Arthur Powell homestead, at Sussex and Mar- 
 ket Streets, now the residence of his widow, the 
 venerable and intelligent octogenarian, Mary Pow- 
 ell; the Harrison mansion, near Newton Creek, 
 where Miss Mary Harrison, a descendant of Samuel 
 Harrison, who bought the northern section of the 
 town in 1689, lived with the family of John Eed- 
 field, and where she died in 1885; a cluster of 
 houses at Pine Grove, and a few houses along the 
 shore, sheltering the ferrymen and fishermen, 
 comprised all there was of the town of Gloucester 
 in 1830. " Not twenty houses in the whole place," 
 declared an old resident. 
 
 Besides the houses noted above, there were the 
 old court-house on the southwest corner of King 
 and Market Streets, and the jail on Market, above 
 King. The first was removed about 1865 to make 
 way for a dwelling, and the jail was burned 
 about 1820. The bricks were bought by Frederick 
 Plummer and used in the construction of the two- 
 story rough-cast house now standing on Front 
 Street, above Mechanic, in Camden. 
 
 An Era of Prosperity Arrives. — With all 
 its desirableness as a place of residence, the pro- 
 gress of Gloucester was slow until the advent of 
 industrial establishments — the first, the Washing- 
 ton Mills, which commenced operation in 1845 — 
 offered regular and remunerative employment. 
 
 It is difficult to ascertain the increase in popula- 
 tion of the territory now comprised within the 
 limits of the town of Gloucester prior to 1850; 
 for it was included as a part of Gloucester town- 
 ship in 1695, and although it assumed, as Glouces- 
 ter Town, to be a separate constabulary, the census- 
 takers, with rare exceptions, counted its popula- 
 tion with that township, and after 1882 with 
 Union township, which was set off from Glouces- 
 ter township in that year, and as the town was 
 not co-extensive with the township until 1855, 
 when Centre township was set off from Union, the 
 proportion belonging to the town cannot be ascer- 
 
 tained. In 1810 the population of Gloucester 
 township was 1726. This, then, included Glouces- 
 ter and Centre townships and Gloucester City, 
 with an aggregate population, in 1885, of 10,231. 
 In 1830 the census gives Gloucester Town 686, and 
 in 1840 Union township 1075. This included 
 Centre township. In 1850 the population of 
 Union was 1095, and of Gloucester City 2188, show- 
 ing a wonderful incre&se during the ten years mark- 
 ing the advent of the industrial era, inaugurated 
 in 1845, chiefly through the enterprise of David S. 
 Brown, to whom, more than to any other person, 
 Gloucester owes its advancement. The best data 
 to be had places the number of people inhabiting 
 the locality, in 1840, at less than two hundred. Its 
 growth since is shown by these tables taken from 
 the census returns : 
 
 United States Census. 
 
 1860 2188 
 
 1860 2865 
 
 1870 3082 
 
 1880 5347 
 
 State CoDBus. 
 
 1865 2463 
 
 1866 3773 
 
 1876 6105 
 
 1885 6900 
 
 THE CITY GOVERNMENT. 
 
 In 1868 the town was incorporated as Gloucester 
 City. The first officers of the city, elected in 
 March, 1868, were as follows : Mayor, Samuel D. 
 Mulford ; Recorder, Hugh J. Gorman ; Assessor, 
 Frederick Shindle ; Collector, Andrew J. Greene ; 
 Surveyor of Highways, Bowman H. Lippincott; 
 Constables, Peter Eencorn and Samuel West; 
 Councilmen, Samuel Raby, John M. Pettit, Na- 
 thaniel W. Fernald, William C. Mulford, William 
 N. Brown, Henry P. Gaunt. 
 
 The first meeting was held March 13th, at the 
 mayor's private office. Peter L. Voorhees, of 
 Camden, was elected city solicitor. 
 
 In 1871 the charter was amended, under which 
 the number of Councilmen was increased to 
 nine. In 1883 the city was divided into two wards, 
 under a statute of the State ; each ward now elects 
 four members of Council, leaving the ninth to be 
 elected by the city at large. 
 
 City Hall. — In 1869 an act of the Legislature 
 authorized the City Council to issue bonds to the 
 amount of twenty thousand dollars, for the purpose 
 of building a city hall. The bonds were issued and 
 a two-story brick building was erected. The build- 
 ing is of brick, two stories high, and finished in a 
 plain but most substantial manner. The first floor 
 is divided into convenient rooms for city officers, — 
 a Council chamber, mayor's office and lock-up. In 
 the upper story is a large audience-room, with a 
 spacious stage, and a seating capacity for five 
 hundred persons. The hall is located on the north 
 side of Monmouth Street, above Burlington, 
 
GLOUCESTER CITY. 
 
 589 
 
 Mayoes. — The following is a list of the mayors 
 of Gloucester from 1868 to 1886 : 
 
 18G8. Samuel D. Mulford. 
 1869. Charles C. CoUings. 
 1870-71. Peter McAdama. 
 
 1872. Samuel T. Murphy. 
 
 1873. David Adams. 
 
 1874. James L. Hines. 
 
 1875-76-77. John Gaunt. 
 1878-80-83. William H. Banks. 
 18-0-81-82. John Willian. 
 1883. Freaerick Shiudle.i 
 1883-85. Samuel Moss. 
 1886. George Wyncoop. 
 
 Mayor John Willian died in the winter of 1883, 
 and Frederick Shindle was appointed to fill the 
 vacanqy for the unexpired term. 
 
 Kecoedees. — The names of the city recorders 
 and the dates of their election are as follows : 
 
 1868. Hugh J. Gorman. 
 
 1869. Charles F. Mayers. 
 1869. Edward Mills.2 
 1870-80. Benjamin Sands. 
 
 1871. Theodore Brick. 
 
 1872. John A. Baker. 
 
 1873. Benjamin F. Meadey. 
 
 1874. Willard Emery. 
 
 1875. Daniel J. McBride. 
 1876-77. John H. McMurray. 
 1878-79. G. William Barnard. 
 
 1881. William H. Bowker. 
 
 1882. William H. Taylor. 
 1883-87. James Lyons. 
 
 Charles F. Mayers resigned in May, 1869, 
 and Edward Mills was appointed in his place. 
 Jas. Lyons was re-elected in 1884, and by a change 
 in the law, the term was extended to three years. 
 
 CoLLECTOES OK CiTY Teeasueees.^ Albert J. 
 Green was elected to the office in 1868, and again 
 in 1870, re-elected in 1871-72 ; again elected in 
 1878, and has been re-elected each succeeding 
 year since, making twelve years of service. The 
 other treasurers were, — 
 
 Andrew J Greene was elected in 1868-70-71-72 ; again in 1878, 
 and re-elected annually until 1886, inclusive, and dying in the latter 
 year, his place was filled by Charles H. Fowler, appointed by City 
 
 Council. 
 
 1869. Thomas Hallam. 
 
 1873. Alonzo D. Husted. 
 
 1874. Alexander A. Powell. 
 
 1876. Peter Eencorn. 
 1876. Thomas Hallam.s 
 1876. Hugh J. Gorman. 
 
 Peter Eencorn died and Thomas Hallam was 
 appointed in his place. 
 
 PRESIDENTS OF COUNCIL. 
 
 (By the charter of 1868 the mayor presided ; by the amendment of 
 1871 Councils elected the president.) 
 1871-74-79. Edmund Hoffman. 1881. Samuel Moss. 
 1872. Henry F. West. 1882. Robert Conway. 
 
 1873-75-78. Philip H. Fowler. 1883. G. William Barnard. 
 1876-77. Aaron Fortiner. 1884. Lewis G. Mayers. 
 
 1880. Henry P. Gaunt. 1885-86. William 0. Hawkins. 
 
 Following are officers for 1886 : 
 
 Mayor, George Wyncoop ; Kecorder, James Lyons ; Collector, 
 Charles H. Fowler ; Assessor, Joseph Whittington ; Chief Engineer 
 of Water Department, James Finley ; Councilmen, William C. 
 Hawkins, W. J. Thompson, G. William Barnard, Jacob Carter, 
 Francis McQuaide, William A. Guy, Charles Eencorn, John Eed- 
 lield, Michael Smith. 
 
 The Fieb Depaetment. — Prior to 1875 Glou- 
 cester City had no Fire Department. In March of 
 
 > Elected to fill unexpired term of John Willian, deceased. 
 2 Vice Charles F. Mayers, resigned. 
 
 ' Appointed by City Council, vice Peter Eencorn, deceased. 
 71 
 
 that year a fire broke out in a store on Middlesex 
 Street and Willow, which did much damage, and 
 would have been disastrous but for the steam-power 
 aad hose of the Washington and Ancona Works. 
 This aroused the people to action, and Gloucester 
 City Fire Department was formed as follows : Fore- 
 man, Patrick Mealey; First Assistant Foreman, 
 John Graham ; Second Assistant Foreman, John 
 Lafiferty ; Privates, Henry Gilmore, Andrew Mosser, 
 James Foster, Joseph McAdama, Lawrence Con- 
 lohan, James McMahon, Sr., James McMahon, 
 Jr., Joseph Berry, Herman jKlosterman and Wil- 
 liam Shimp. 
 
 The apparatus provided comprised one hook-and- 
 ladder truck, fire-ladders, six fire extinguishers, 
 six hooks, thirty-six buckets, axles, rope, grap- 
 pling irons, etc. There were no water-works out- 
 side the mills, and no means of procuring water 
 save from wells, passed from hand to hand in 
 buckets. One thousand feet of hose was procured, 
 and on September 13, 1878, a carriage was pur- 
 chased of the Union Hose Company of Lancas- 
 ter, Pa. 
 
 The department was then re-organized as follows : 
 Chief Engineer, Patrick Mealey ; First Assistant 
 Engineer, John P. Booth ; Second Assistant En- 
 gineer, Henry J. West ; Members, John Graham 
 James Foster, James McMahon, Sr., Andrew Mos- 
 ser, Henry Gilmore, Joseph McAdams, John E. 
 Farquhar, Edward Byers, James Truax, William 
 Keown, Edward Shingle, Jacob Carter, Lawrence 
 Conlohan, Michael Noon, Patrick Gilmour, John 
 Lafierty, James McMahon, William Byers, Isaac 
 Edwards, Theodore Hoffman. 
 
 In 1879, Assistants John P. Booth and Henry 
 J. West resigned, and James McMahon and Jas. 
 Foster were appointed to fill their places. 
 
 The department was placed under the control of 
 five commissioners appointed by the Council, — 
 three of them members of that body and two selected 
 from the citizens. In 1884 the commissioners in- 
 creased the force to thirty-four, when these were 
 appointed, — Edward Hutchinson, William A. 
 Guy, Isaac Budd, Adin Owens, Ealph McDermott, 
 John McElhone, Stansford Foster, Eobert Walsh, 
 William Shaw, William Stiles, and these, with 
 those before-named, constitute the department. 
 
 The commissioners are, — Citizens: Philip H. 
 Fowler (president) and Hugh Mullin; Council- 
 men, William A. Guy, G. M. Barnard and Charles 
 Eencorn. President Fowler is superintendent of the 
 Gingham Mills, and was one of the first and most 
 active promoters of the organization of the Fire 
 Department, and has been president of the com- 
 missioners from the start. 
 
590 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 The house occupied is the one first built, of 
 wood, on the rear of the city hall lot. The firemen 
 receive no pay, but are exempt from assessment on 
 private property to the amount of five hundred 
 dollars and are beneficiaries of the Firemen's Relief 
 Fund, the growth of a State tax upon insurance 
 companies. In constructing the water-works, in 
 1883, fire matters were duly considered, and the 
 necessity for fire-engines obviated by a direct 
 pressure being brought to bear from the pumping 
 engines upon the street hydrants insufficient to 
 force the water over the highest buildings in the 
 city. 
 
 The Water Supply. — In 1873 the Legisla- 
 ture authorized the borrowing of five thousand 
 dollars, and in 1874 a like- amount, for the con- 
 struction of sewers. The money was judiciously 
 expended and the loan paid when due. In 1873 
 the Gloucester Land Company having given the 
 city the Mercer Street water-front, authority was 
 obtained from the Legislature to borrow ten 
 thousand dollars for the purpose of constructing a 
 wharf. This was accomplished within the esti- 
 mated limit, and the bonds issued were paid as they 
 matured. These were the only debts contracted, 
 and for several years the city had no obligations, 
 when, in 1883, it was determined to construct 
 water-works. They were completed, in 1884, at a 
 cost of eighty-five thousand dollars. To meet this 
 expenditul-e, four per cent, bonds, having from ten 
 to thirty years to run, were issued, and the re- 
 mainder of the cost was paid out of a balance in 
 the hands of the treasurer. A sinking fund was 
 established, and four thousand dollars of the bonds 
 have been paid, leaving seventy-six thousand dol- 
 lars yet due in 1886, represented by a plant which 
 gives promise of soon returning a handsome 
 revenue. 
 
 The question of water supply early engaged the 
 attention of the more thoughtful. The water sup- 
 plied by wells was excellent, both for drinking 
 and domestic purposes, and the supply abundant, 
 but it was obvious that the wells filled by water 
 percolating through soil constantly receiving new 
 accretions of foreign matter must be impure, and 
 in time become positively dangerous to health. 
 This danger was avoided by boring below the 
 stratum of clay underlying the surface soil. Here 
 water for drinking is obtained in abundance and of 
 wholesome quality, but too hard for general pur- 
 poses. Besides, there was no adequate protection 
 in case of fire, and water-works were deemed ab- 
 solutely necessary. In 1872 David H. Brown, ever 
 on the alert for anything that would benefit the 
 city he had done so much for, procured a charter 
 
 for a company to build works, but the 'jealousy of 
 corporations was interposed. In 1881 John Gour- 
 ley and other members of the City Council agi- 
 tated the project and a vote of the people, to whom 
 the matter was referred, under the law, resulted in 
 a majority in its favor, but the opponents of the 
 measure procured a decision from the courts set- 
 ting aside Ihe vote on account of some informality. 
 The matter slept for a time, when the Gloucester 
 City Reporter, a newspaper, then edited by Benja- 
 min M. Braker, revived the interest in a number 
 of well-written articles, and on the question being 
 again submitted to the people, it was approved by 
 a decisive vote. Council secured the services of 
 Jacob H. Yocum, a civil engineer of Camden, and 
 in 1883 work was begun. The design was to 
 obtain the supply from the head-waters of Newton 
 Creek, near Mount Ephraim, where water of ex- 
 cellent quality could be had. The estimated cost 
 was one hundred thousand dollars, and bids for 
 that amount were being considered, when a strong 
 petition to locate the works on Newton Creek, 
 within the city limits, because of lessened cost, 
 was presented, and the demand prevailed, al- 
 though many questioned the purity of water taken 
 from a sluggish tide-water stream. Fortunately, 
 in excavating for a subsiding reservoir, from which 
 the water was to be pumped, a subterranean stream 
 of pure, soft water was struck, of such volume and 
 force that it seriously impeded the work and defied 
 all efforts to stay the flow, and thus most excellent 
 water is supplied. A stand-pipe ninety feet high 
 is used, and in case of fire a direct pressure, by the 
 Holly system, from the pumps, avoids the necessity 
 for steam-engines. 
 
 David Sands Brown was born at his father's 
 farm, near Dover, N. H., on the 27th of July, 1800. 
 His parents were of old Puritan stock, his ancestor, 
 Henry Brown, havinj; landed in Boston in 1639, 
 and soon after settled in Salisbury, Mass., where 
 the family continued to live for several generations. 
 In 1778 William Brown, the father of David, 
 married Abigail Peaslee, of Haverhill, Mass., and 
 bought the farm near Dover, N. H., where their 
 children were born, and where they spent the 
 remainder of their lives. Soon after their marriage 
 they joined the religious Society of Friends, and 
 their children were educated in accordance with 
 their peculiar views. David was their youngest 
 son. The educational resources of Dover being at 
 this time very limited, at ten years of age he went 
 alone to Boston, riding in the stage beside Daniel 
 Webster, thus beginning an acquaintance which 
 lasted a lifetime. 
 
 For several years he pursued his studies at Salem, 
 

 
GLOUCESTER CITY. 
 
 591 
 
 Mass. In 1817 he left that town to go into busi- 
 ness with his brothers, who had preceded him to 
 Philadelphia. In 1821 he became a member of the 
 firm of Hacker, Brown & Co. The house was en- 
 gaged in the dry-goods commission business, and 
 continued in existence until 1830. In this year a 
 change was made, and the firm-name became for 
 the future David S. Brown & Co. Early in life 
 Mr. Brown became much interested in the develop- 
 ment of American manufactures. He was fully 
 convinced that the prosperity and progress of the 
 country depended upon protection to American 
 industries. Into the promotion of these industries 
 he threw himself with all the earnestness and ac- 
 tivity of his nature. Earnestness of purpose and 
 strength of will being his chief characteristics, to 
 resolve upon an action was to carry it into effect 
 almost simultaneously. In 1844 he projected the 
 cotton-mills of the Washington Manufacturing 
 Company, at Gloucester, N. J., and built them in 
 conjunction with Messrs. Churchman, Ashhurst, 
 Folwell, Mickle, Evans, Gray, Scull and Siter. 
 This was followed by the construction of the 
 Gloucester Manufacturing Company, for the pro- 
 duction of printed calicoes. In 1871 he built the 
 works of the Ancona Printing Company, in order 
 to utilize newly-discovered processes, until then 
 untried in America. In 1872 the Gloucester 
 Gingham Mills, built in 1859, were incorporated. 
 In 1871 the Gloucester Iron Works, on the Dela- 
 ware, near Gloucester, were built and put into 
 active operation. In 1873 the Gloucester City 
 Gas Works were constructed and incorporated, 
 and the Gloucester Land Company, and the 
 Gloucester Land and Improvement Company or- 
 ganized. In 1865 Mr. Brown, in connection with 
 a number of incorporators built the Camden, Glou- 
 cester and Mount Ephraim Kailroad. Of these 
 corporations he was president at the time of his 
 death, as well as of the School of Design for Women, 
 in Philadelphia, which he had founded in connec- 
 tion with Mrs. Peter, the wife of the British consul. 
 The rare business qualifications which Mr. Brown 
 possessed were strikingly exhibited at the time of 
 the organization of the Pennsylvania Railroad, 
 when he was foremost in contributing personally 
 and enlisting the aid of capital in its purchase and 
 extension, and whose earnest appeals and confident 
 example contributed materially to its present proud 
 position. 
 
 In the panic of 1857 the firm of David S. Brown 
 & Co. succumbed to the pressure, and suspended. 
 In April of the following year they submitted to 
 their creditors a proposition to pay seventy-five 
 per cent.— one-fifth in cash, on the 1st of May, one- 
 
 fifth each three, six, nine and twelve months, with 
 interest; and, for the remaining twenty-five per 
 cent, they offered the stock of the Greenwich Im- 
 provement and Railroad Company, and the Glou- 
 cester Manufacturing Company, or the notes of the 
 firm at two and three years, with interest. So that, 
 at the end of three years, the debts of the firm 
 were paid — -principal and interest. In a short 
 sketch of Mr. Brown's business career, which ap- 
 peared at the time of his death, the writer says : 
 "The active life of one man rarely reaches so far 
 in its measure of national progress as has that of 
 the merchant and citizen whose death every one 
 laments. It embraced the entire period of transi- 
 tion, from dependence, almost abject, upon foreign 
 countries, to industrial triumphs of the most 
 complete and enduring character, and this was in 
 . itself the work of Mr. Brown's life, and its result 
 was the crown of his labors. No degree of personal 
 eifort that such an occasion could call for was ever 
 wanting; no risks that actual execution of great 
 works could involve were too great for him to take 
 upon himself. It is easy to assume that a success- 
 ful issue of the great undertakings of 1844 to 1870 
 was probable, and that therefore those who took 
 the responsibility at that time were not to be 
 credited with unusual honors ; but in fact, looking 
 back to that period now, the wonder rather is that 
 any one should have been bold enough to stake 
 everything on breaking up the foreign control of 
 our markets — a work not fully accomplished until 
 1876. Honor is due to Mr. Brown for this long 
 and faithful championship of domestic industry. 
 To build up these industries as he did in a country 
 without foreign competition would be a great dis- 
 tinction, but in fact, there has never been a greater 
 struggle or more extreme difiiculties than those 
 encountered in the establishment of extensive 
 manufactures during the twenty-five years of Mr. 
 Brown's greatest activity. Yet the most unflinch- 
 ing courage, the most patient and indefatigable 
 labors marked every year of his life, giving almost 
 more than mortal strength to the business he had 
 built up, and, at last, laying down his duties with 
 extreme reluctance. It is not often that so much 
 ability and courage are united in a man of daily 
 business activity. It is easy to be driven from a 
 great purpose by business necessities ; it is easy to 
 yield upon the ground that at the time it does 
 not pay, but Mr. Brown never forgot the higher 
 public purpose in the most extreme busi- 
 ness trials, and although the end shows that such 
 firmness is best, it is rare that persons tried in such 
 emergencies see the higher interests as he did. In 
 his manner, in his activity, in his persistence to go 
 
692 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 on and do more, Mr. Brown seemed little chnngod 
 in 1870 from liiH daily life in ISfiO. Yet tliene 
 twenty yours had seen the hattle of his life efjiii- 
 pletely won, and liimseH' not the least of the 
 masters in the field." 
 
 In reviewing Mr. I'rown's life, it is easy to realize 
 that one of his ehief charactoristies was the unselfish 
 earnestness with whichhedevoted himself to every 
 project whieh won his approval, vvlien it in no way 
 contributed to his profit or aggrandizement. He 
 always felt great sympathy for young men of 
 energy, and was ever ready to extend to them a 
 helping hand. His health, whieh had been failing 
 for several years, finally gave way early in 1877, 
 and after the 4th of March he did not leave the 
 house. His death took place on the Gth of July. 
 On the 7th a special meeting of the Gloucester 
 City Councils was held, and the following resolu- 
 tions were passed : 
 
 *' Wherean, Alriiighty Oorl Ijjih rcrnovftd to a hftttor world our frlorul 
 and IjcriefHctor, tlio liito l>iivid S. IJrowri, tliorfifotf: tio If, limjlufid, 
 tli.'it wo, in belwiifof tho oitizoiiH of OloiiooHtor City, i;3ii>r(:m our 
 BoriHibility of tlio loHH wo lidvo Hnntfiificd ; iiiid Uemlved, llmt. Mr. 
 Brown wfm tlio lesidin^f Bjiirft In OHtaldiHliitif^ all tho InduHtrial InMtl- 
 tutioHH, and that ho waa tho foroirjOHt man In fuithorlnj; niany 
 intoroslH in our town, the honofit of which will long ho foit hy our 
 poople," 
 
 MANQFACTL'ttEH. 
 
 The establishment of large manufactories in 
 Gloucester gave the town a new impetus, and 
 caused it to grow and prosper. To the manufactur- 
 ing interests are due tho present prosperity of the 
 city. A connected history of each of these estab- 
 lishments is here given : 
 
 Washington Milm.— The first of the large 
 manufacturing establishments in Gloucester were 
 the Washington Mills, owned by the Washington 
 Manufacturing Company, incorporated by the 
 Legislature .January Hi, 1844, and on February 
 2Ist of that year the commission named in the 
 act rnet at Cake's Hotel, Camden, and ojiened 
 subscriptions to stock, two hundred and sixty 
 thousand dollars of which was taken. The stock- 
 holders met March l.^th, and elected as direct/jrs 
 David S. Brown, .John Siter, .John E. Worrell, 
 William Woodnutt, Gideon Scu I, Thomas Sparks, 
 Lewis R. Ashurst, Mordecai D. J^^ewis, Charles W. 
 Churchman, Samuel K. Simmons and J>. H. 
 Flickwir. David S. Brown was elected president, 
 and .John Siter treasuer. 
 
 A committee was appointed to select a site on 
 which Uj erect suitable buildings. Kaighns 
 Point, Camden, was first thought to be the dr-sired 
 location, but difficulties intervening, Gloucester 
 Point was decided u[jon. Here, also, obsiaclcs 
 interposed, in the way of purchasing ground 
 
 limited in extent, as desired, and the GIoijcch-' 
 ter Land Company was organized, from whieh tlie 
 manufacturing com|)any [lurchascd ten acres, 
 bounded by Mercer, King and Monmouth Streets, 
 and the lJ<daware liiver. Flans were prepared 
 which, being approved, ground was broken July 1, 
 1844, and the first bricks of Mill No. 1 were laid on 
 the Ifith of August following. This mill, fonrstories 
 high and three hundred feet long by fifty feet wide, 
 with boiler-house and other essential out-buildings, 
 was pushed to completion ; necessary machinery for 
 the manufacturing of white cotton goods put in, 
 and .July '■',], 1845, the first cops of yarn were spun, 
 and August7th the first loom was running. ThemiJI 
 contained three hundred and twenty-four narrow 
 and seventy-four wide looms, fourteen thousand 
 five hundred and ninety-two spindles and em- 
 ployed three hundred and sixty-three persons. 
 
 Melcher's plans contemplated expansion, not in 
 size, but in the number of buildings, and since 
 No. 1, six other similar mills have been built, with 
 necessary adjuncts in the form of engine and other 
 houses. Tho mills occupy the space between 
 I<;ilis Street and tho river. On the northern half 
 of the remainder of the tract the company 
 erected a number of commodious brick buililings 
 for boarding-houses to accommodate single per- 
 sons employed in the factory, while the southern 
 half, planted with shade-trees, was opened to 
 the public. 
 
 The first manager of the business of tho company 
 operating tho mills was Samuel Jtaby, who, 
 although an excellent man and capable superin- 
 toTjdent, became obnoxious to the mill-hands dur- 
 ing the strike of 1848, and was compelled to leave. 
 Stephen Crocker wa« the next superintendent, and 
 remained in charge until March, 1857, when ho 
 was succeeded by Henry F. West, who for twenty- 
 nine years has maintained the regard of the work- 
 ing people and the confidence of the owners. In 
 187!i the machinery was altered for the manufac- 
 ture of colored drass goods. The mills now run 
 1030 looms, 4f;,000 spindles, employ 800 persons, 
 with a yearly pay-roll of 8200,000 and an annual 
 production of 2,000,000 pounds of eloth. 
 
 The, present officers and directors are Samuel 
 Welsh, president; Henry N. Paul, treasurer and 
 agent; Samuel it. Shipley, George H. Jioker, 
 Samuel Chew, Charles S. Wurts, H. P. Sloan, 
 iiichard Ashhur.tt, Charl(»j.J. Churchman and Sam- 
 uel H. Grey. 
 
 G/.o(;cK.STEit La.vij CoMi'AiVy.— The Land Com- 
 pany was not a voluntary, but a compulsory feature 
 of the enterprises contemplated by Havid 8. 
 Brown and his oadjuUirs. When ihe Washing- 
 
^A^C^ ^ P" ^rz.a^ 
 
GLOUCESTER CITY. 
 
 693 
 
 ton Manufacturing Company wanted but ten acres 
 of land, owners insisted upon selling not less than 
 ten times that amount or none at all, and so the 
 manufacturing company resolved itself into a land 
 company and selected John 8iter and Samuel E. 
 Simmons as trustees. They purchased sixty-two 
 acres of Frederick Plummer and one hundred and 
 one and a half acres of Kobert W. Sykes and paid 
 thirteen thousand dollars for the Champion fish- 
 ing right. These purchases embraced the north- 
 ern section of the city, and upon it have been 
 built nearly all the industrial works,— Washington 
 Mills, Ancona Print Works, Gloucester Print 
 Works and the Iron Works. Churches and city 
 have been liberally treated with, when requiring 
 land, and the accommodating terms offered private 
 parties have encouraged improvements, and en- 
 abled many with limited income to own their 
 houses, Gloucester showing out of about nineteen 
 hundred ratables, six hundred and seventy-five 
 who are owners. In 1846 the company was incor- 
 porated, and in the charter is a section, making 
 valid provisions in the deeds conveying the land, 
 forbidding the sale of malt or spirituous liquor 
 upon the premises. Under this charter the com- 
 pany still operates, having much land still in 
 possepsi'iu, exceeding in value the cost of the 
 original purchase. The officers of the Land Com- 
 pany and the Washington Manufacturing Com- 
 pany are the same — President, George H. Boker ; 
 Treasurer, Henry N. Paul. 
 
 Gingham Mills. — In 1860 Samuel Raby, the 
 first superintendent of the Washington Mills, built 
 a factory south of Jersey Avenue, and manufac- 
 tured eottonades and coarse ginghams. In 1870 the 
 Gloucester Gingham Mills Company was incor- 
 porated, those named in the act being Samuel 
 Kaby, Edward Bettle, William C. Shinn, Samuel 
 Chew, David S. Brown and George Janvier. The 
 directors were David S. Brown, president; Sam- 
 uel Chew, secretary and treasurer ; and Henry F. 
 West. The factory of Mr. Raby was purchased, 
 Philip H. Fowler appointed superintendent, and 
 the factory, after being enlarged, was supplied 
 with improved machinery for the manufacture of 
 ginghams of a finer grade. Mr. Fowler assumed 
 the management in 1871, and since that time the 
 works have been running almost uninterruptedly, 
 and with a success evincing enlightened tact in 
 the control. The necessity for expansion has been 
 frequent, and met as required, until the establish- 
 ment covers seven acres of ground, comprising 
 seven principal buildings, with nineteen annexes, 
 wings and out-buildings. The main factory is of 
 brick, two stories high, fifty-nine by two hundred 
 
 and eighty feet in dimensions, and, with the six 
 principal buildings, contain over 36,000 yards of 
 flooring. The mills contain 502 looms, 12,372 
 spindles, and employ 500 persons— one-fourth men, 
 the remainder women and minors. The output is 
 6,000,000 yards annually, and the pay-roll foots up 
 $150,000 yearly. 
 
 The officers are Samuel Shipley, president; 
 Samuel Chew, secretary and treasurer ; John H. 
 Carr, Harry B. Chew and David Chew ; superinten- 
 dent, Philip H. Fowler; assistant, Charles H. 
 Fowler. 
 
 Philip H. Fowlee, one of the leading manu- 
 facturers of Camden County, is the great-grandson 
 of George Fowler, born in Salem, Mass., where he 
 resided and engaged in the manufacture of shoes. 
 Among his sons was George, also a resident of 
 Salem, who followed a sea-faring life and was 
 lost while pursuing his vocation. His only son, 
 George, born at Salem in 1803, by trade a mason 
 and builder, married Sarah N., daughter of Daniel 
 Moore, of Newburyport, Mass., and had children, 
 — Sarah A. (wife of L. P. S. Corea, resident of 
 Fayal, Azore Islands), George P. (of Salem), Philip 
 H., Frank E. (of Galesburg, 111.), Samuel (who 
 died while a prisoner at Andersonville) and Helen 
 M. (wife of Henry Chalk, of Salem). 
 
 Philip H. Fowler was born on the 11th of May, 
 1832, in Salem, Mass., and received his education 
 at the grammar schools of his native city. Desir- 
 ing to become master of a trade he entered a cot- 
 ton-mill as an apprentice, meanwhile continuing 
 his studies at a night-school. At the age of nine- 
 teen he applied himself to the work in the machine- 
 shops of the mill, and at the expiration of the 
 fourth year had become thoroughly familiar with 
 the mechanical portion of the business. He then as- 
 sumed charge of certain departments of the mill 
 and continued thus employed until 1857. Mr. 
 Fowler then made Gloucester City, N. J., his home, 
 and entering the employ of the Washington Cotton- 
 Mills, assumed the direction of one or more de- 
 partments of the mill. For sixteen years he has 
 filled the position of superintendent of the ging- 
 ham mills at Gloucester City and still acts in that 
 capacity. Here his thorough practical knowledge 
 and financial ability have left their impress on the 
 business and established it on a permanent and 
 successful basis. Many improvements have been 
 added, the capacity of the mills increased and 
 its products, by their superior excellence, made 
 readily marketable. Mr. Fowler is in his political 
 affiliations a Republican and a strong advocate of 
 the doctrine of protection. He has served for 
 three terms as member of the Gloucester City 
 
594 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEESEY. 
 
 Council and for three years been actively asso- 
 ciated with the School Board. Mr. Fowler was, on 
 the 24th of November, 1852, married to Phebe A., 
 daughter of James S. Young, of the British Prov- 
 inces. Their children are Frank A., Charles H. 
 and Hattie E., wife of Milton T. Shafto, of Glou- 
 cester City. Mr. Fowler is identified with the 
 Camden National Bank as director. An active 
 Mason, he was the first Master of Cloud Lodge, 
 No. 101, of the order in Gloucester City, and is a 
 member of the Ancient Order of United Work- 
 men, of Camden. 
 
 The Gloucesteb, Print Woeks, the second in 
 chronological order of the industrial establish- 
 ments originated by David S. Brown and his as- 
 sociates in the limits of Gloucester, are situated 
 near the banks of the Delaware Biver. The 
 Gloucester Manufacturing Company, which operates 
 them, was chartered in 1845, the following-named 
 persons being the incorporators: William Fol- 
 well, Philip J. Grey, Gideon Scull, William 
 Baugh, David S. Brown, Eobert F. Walsh, 
 Charles W. Churchman, who proposed to erect 
 works "for the manufacturing, bleaching, dyeing 
 and printing and finishing of all goods of which 
 cotton or other fibrous material forms a part." The 
 management was substantially the same as that of 
 the Washington Manufacturing Company, and the 
 object was to dye, bleach and print the product of 
 the parent company. The works were built in 
 1850, and enlarged in 1855, for the introduction of 
 printing machinery. September 14, 1868, the 
 works were burned to the ground, even the walls 
 being leveled ; but by the 1st of April following the 
 works were rebuilt as they now are, through the 
 energy of Daniel Schofield, the superintendent. 
 Besides the dyeing and bleaching departments, 
 there are twelve printing-machines. The capacity 
 of the works is eight hundred and thirty-six 
 thousand pieces of calico annually, giving em- 
 ployment to three hundred persons. The superin- 
 tendents have been D. Schofield, Archibald M. 
 Graham and Mr. Bowker. 
 
 The Ancona Printing Company was incor- 
 porated in 1871, the incorporators being David S. 
 Brown, George A. Heyl, James S. Moore, Samuel 
 Chew and Harry C. Heyl, who erected works in 
 Gloucester for the introduction of the new discov- 
 eries in the application of colors, then successful 
 in Europe, but untried in this country. The ex- 
 periment was successful, and the production of 
 " Dolly Vardens " and other unique designs kept 
 the works running to their full capacity. When 
 in full operation the works give employment to 
 three hundred persons and turn out six hundred 
 
 thousand pieces of printed muslin annually. They 
 are located on the river-shore, between the Wash- 
 ington Mills and Gloucester Manufacturing Com- 
 pany's Works. Archibald M. Graham was the 
 manager until his death, in 1884. 
 
 Gloucester Iron- Works are situated on the 
 river, near Newton Creek, and are the farthest to 
 the north of the long line of industrial establish- 
 ments fostered by the enterprise of David S. 
 Brown. In 1864 William Sexton and James P. 
 Michellon, who had long been connected with the 
 Star Iron- Works in Camden, built an iron foundry 
 on the above-mentioned site. They cast shells for 
 the United States government, and with other 
 work did a prosperous business until 1871, when 
 it was transferred to the Gloucester Iron-Works 
 Company, incorpora*'ed that year. The directors 
 were David S. Brown, president; James P. Mi- 
 chellon, secretary ; Benjamin Chew, treasurer ; 
 William Sexton, superintendent ; and Samuel 
 Chew. 
 
 The works were enlarged, covering, with wharf- 
 ing and storage ground, nearly a million square 
 feet of surface. The casting of water-pipe, and 
 the manufacture of material for water and gas- 
 works, comprise the principal product of the 
 works, and these are being constructed by the 
 company at many distant points, and the output is 
 disposed of from Maine to Texas. The full capacity 
 of the works is a consumption of twenty-one 
 thousand tons of iron per year, the actual present 
 output being fifteen thousand tons. Three hun- 
 dred men are employed in Gloucester City, with 
 many others in the various places where the com- 
 pany is constructing gas or water-works. The 
 pay-roll exceeds two hundred thousand dollars per 
 year. The directors are Samuel Shipley, presi- 
 dent; James P. Michellon, secretary ; Harry B. 
 Chew, treasurer ; William Sexton, superintendent ; 
 Samuel Chew and John H. Carr. 
 
 William Sexton, the intelligent and able su- 
 perintendent of the above-named works, was born 
 in the city of Camden on the 7th day of October, 
 1828, and is the son of William Sexton and Sarah 
 Lawrence Sexton. His mother was the daughter 
 of Thomas Eodgers, who fled from Flanders to 
 America to escape religious persecution. 
 
 Mr. Sexton was educated in the public schools 
 of Camden, which he left at the age of fifteen to en- 
 ter the patent-leather manufactory of Charles Free- 
 man, where he remained two years, when he was 
 employed by John _F. Starr, whose iron works were 
 then situated at the foot of Bridge Avenue. At 
 the age of nineteen he became foreman of the 
 machine-shop, which position he filled until he 
 
GLOUCESTER CITY. 
 
 595 
 
 associated himself with Samuel Elfreth, in the ma- 
 chine business, in Camden. At Mr. Starr's solici- 
 tation, Mr. Sexton returned to the machine-shop, 
 and held the position of foreman for nineteen 
 years. 
 
 In the year 1864, desiring to embark in an enter- 
 prise of his own, Mr. Sexton came to Gloucester 
 and established a foundry in connection with James 
 P. Michellon, under the name of Sexton & Co. 
 Finding it difficult to compete with the larger 
 concerns, in company with others, he formed the 
 Gloucester Iron Works, a description of which 
 will be found above in this sketch. On February 4, 
 1849, Mr. Sexton married Mary j\l. Andrews, 
 daughter of Chester and Sarah Andrews, of Tren- 
 ton, X. J., by whom he had the following children : 
 William and Sarah, twins, who died young, and a 
 daughter, Mary Emma, who is married to Robert 
 Marshall, Esq., of Philadelphia. 
 
 Mr. Sexton is in the prime of a vigorous man- 
 hood, and is strictly a " Camden County man," 
 never having lived out of it, and by all considered 
 one of its best and most respected citizens. By 
 his industry and perseverance he has contributed 
 largely to the success of the large and important 
 manufacturing industry of Gloucester City, with 
 which he has so long been identified. 
 
 Tekka-Cotta Works. — On the river-shore, 
 south of Jersey Avenue, are located the Glouces- 
 ter Terra-Cotta Works, of Kehrer & Sons. These 
 were operated many years ago by David S. Brown 
 & Co., and afterwards by George H. Hammond, 
 and by other parties without much success. About 
 1883 the present firm assumed possession and 
 made a success of the enterprise. The product is 
 terra-cotta pipe, of which eight thousand feet is 
 made weekly, giving employment to twenty men. 
 On the river-shore, below high water, is a valuable 
 bed of clay, suited to the company's wants, but 
 when they attempted to dig for it, an injunction, 
 issued at the instance of the owners of the fishery 
 right, restrained them, and the material now used 
 in manufacturing is brought from a distance of 
 nearly two hundred miles. 
 
 The Gloucester Steam Machine- Wokks are 
 situated on Market Street, below King. In 1853 
 Hugh W. and Robert Lafferty erected a sugar 
 refinery "at Broadway and Mercer Streets, and 
 for sixteen years carried on a flourishing busi- 
 ness, producing five hundred barrels of refined 
 sugar per week and giving employment to sixty 
 men. They imported their raw material direct, 
 and for a time Gloucester was a shipping port, 
 several vessels at one time lying at the Mercer 
 Street wharf unloading cargoes from the West In- 
 
 dies and other foreign parts. In 1879 this business 
 was discontinued and Hugh W. Lafferty started 
 the steam-engine and machine-works, his specialty 
 being sugar machines for plantations and sugar- 
 works. They are of his own designing, his inven- 
 tions being many and various, and the demand for 
 them from all parts of the world is increasing so 
 that an enlargement of the works will be a neces- 
 sity of the near future. 
 
 One Lumber- Yard at a time has sufficed the 
 little city, and there has never been competition 
 in the trade. For several years Frank Mulford 
 sold lumber, his place being on the north side of 
 Market Street, east of King, when, in 1849, Henry 
 B. AVilson and \Villiam C. Doughten opened a 
 yard on the northwest corner of King and Market 
 Streets, and Mulford abandoned the business. 
 They built the frame store for the sale of hard- 
 ware. In 1854 William S. McCallister became as- 
 sociated with them, and, in 1858, sole i>roprietor, 
 Wilson & Doughten removing to Kaighns Point 
 and .there engaged in the same business. In 1866 
 John C. Stinson became McCallister's partner, and 
 on the death of the latter, in 1868, George W. 
 Dickensheets succeeded him and the firm has since 
 been Stinson & Dickensheets. 
 
 From the first the men engaged in the trade 
 have been useful in public as well as private life. 
 Frank Mulford was a leader in municipal and so- 
 ciety affairs. Henry B. Wilson has been a leader 
 in Camden, member and president of the City 
 Council, postmaster and memberof the Legislature. 
 William S. McCallister was one of the most useful 
 and trusted men in Gloucester, while John C. Stin- 
 son and George W. Dickensheets have been pillars 
 of the religious bodies to which they belong, and 
 for many years in various municipal bodies sought 
 the good of others rather than their own profit. 
 
 Thixgs That Were. — Jacob Sheetz, Abel Lu- 
 kens, John H. Shultz, Peleg B. Savery and Abra- 
 ham Browning, in 1858, procured a charter for the 
 Gloucester China Company, to manufacture and 
 sell porcelain, china, chemicals, drugs and other 
 articles of which clay, sand and other earthy sub- 
 stances form the bases or principal ingredients. 
 The company built a factory on part of the ground 
 now covered by the Ancona Print Works. Peleg 
 B. Savery was the well-known Southwark hollow- 
 ware foundryman and the product of the Glouces- 
 ter works was largely used in lining his iron 
 castings. John Siter & Brother carried on a factory 
 for the making of woollen and cotton machinery, 
 and the same site was occupied by Richard F. Lo- 
 per, of propeller fame, as an iron ship yard. 
 
 In 1864 Joseph Harrison, of Philadelphia, had 
 
5'Jti 
 
 1IISH)KY OV rAMDKN COUNTY, NKW JEHSKY. 
 
 works buill on tlio siiouiul luiw occ.-ui>iod by tho 
 Gloiioostor Iron -Works. Tlioy wore in I'liiusro ol' 
 John H. Mystroni, iiu iniionions inventor, wlio 
 tnrni'd out somo i,"\i'olloiil stool by n niolhod of liis 
 owii.siinihir to tlio In'ssonu-r proooss. For sonio 
 renson tlio oiilorjiriso I'nilcd. 
 
 In 1872 DiividS. lirown, (ioorivo .laniison, Uonry 
 N. rmil, .liunos V. Mioliollon, HoMJiunin (.'liow, 
 Uonry F. West, William Soxton, Daiiiol Soholiold 
 and t^anmol Olu'w prooiirod a ohartor I'or tho 
 (Uouooslor City t-'aving-s Institution, whioh jiros- 
 porod tor a nunibor of yoars, bui. in ISS-i, whon 
 most of tho orijiinal promoters had ooasod oonnoo- 
 tion with it, it susiiondod, ami its oll'ools woro 
 plaood in tho hands of a. roooivor. 
 
 TiiiNds That Mkhit Havk 1?ukn. — Maroh 8, 
 1841"., Jliohard W. llowoU, CiharUvs liobb, .losoph 
 Portor, Thomas ti. lvidj;\vay ami Uonjamin W . 
 Coopor obtaiuod a ohartor for a projootod ontor- 
 priso under tho name of the New ,lei-sey IManufao- 
 turini;- Oompany of thoOonnty of Oaindon, for tho 
 maiinfaeturing, dyeini;;, bleaohini;' aiul printiiii;' of 
 wool ami eotton and all goods of wool and eotton 
 and other librous material. Tho (iroposod eapital 
 to be invested was six huiulred tlumsand dollars. 
 There was a jiroviso in tho ehart.er that all eliildren 
 to be em[doyed in tho establishnu'iit under sixteen 
 years of ago must have at least throe nninths 
 "sehooling" each year. Tho phie.o »eleeled was 
 Clloiu'oster, but the enterprise failed to nniture. 
 
 In IS.V) the Union Manufaoturing (.'mnpariy of 
 Gloucester was chartered to nuinnfacture Hour, 
 meal, bai-rcls and kegs. 'I'he iueorporiitors were 
 William J!. Thonuis, Tlunmis A. (!. Stein, Samuel 
 'A. lirook, Wm. S. Doughten, .lames L. llinos and 
 .leromiah 11. lianks, but trhe company was never 
 organi/.od ami nothing came of the undortakiug. 
 
 In KStir) a charter was granted to .hunos Jl. 
 Stevens, Jiuncs P. Michellon, Toter L. Voorheos, 
 William Sexton and Ijowis'll. liuiidick, to form tho 
 Gh)UCOster Iron Foundry and Mueliino Company, 
 with a capital of one humlrod thousand dollars, 
 but tho project ended with tho gnint. 
 
 In 1871 the Gloucester (^lo-oiierative lieru'llt So- 
 ciety, capital ten thousand dollars, was incorpo- 
 rated, with Wm. Mclllienny, Wm. Wholstenholm, 
 John Schules, Uobert liooth, .lames Jiartidle, Wm. 
 Lee and Jainus White iis incorporators. The ob- 
 ject was to [lurchase direct from first hands and 
 avoid the profits of middle men, but tho project 
 went no farlhcr than the granting of tho chiirtor 
 by the General Assembly. 
 
 TllHtiAS lylCMTINO (loMl'ANV Ol'' (1 I.OUI 'lOSTHIt 
 was incorporated in 187.'!, the naines of David 
 S. IJrovvn, .lames 1'. Michellon, Henry N. I'anI, 
 
 lienj. Chew and Wm. Sexlon being moiitioiied in 
 the act, and they comprised the company. Tho 
 works were built by the (ilouoestor Iron Company 
 and were located on Jersey Avenue, above Fifth 
 Street. They wi'ro eompleted iiiid began opera- 
 tions .l:mnary 1. 187."). Tho holder has a capacity 
 of sixty thousand eiibie feet of gas, and the an- 
 nual production is sixty-seven million euhie feet, 
 with three and a half miles of pipe, supplying sev- 
 enty-six street lamps belonging to the city, bo- 
 sides inivalo p:ntios. Tho ollicersof the eompiiiiy 
 lor I88l!are: President, t^om-ge A. lleyl; Secre- 
 tary, .lames P. Michellon ; Treasurer and Superin- 
 tendent, Harry 1!. (.Miow. 
 
 Tun Pos'i'-t)i''i''ii'i''.. — The following is a list of 
 the postnuistors of (iloueosttr, together with tho 
 dates of their appointinout, as furnished by tho 
 Post-Ollioo Department at Washington: 
 
 I'llSlll 
 
 ;l.>'li'r. 
 
 wiiiiiiiii(\MuiriMii- 
 
 Wllllnm 11. ICiiM'l'.v. 
 WIIII.uul1.Mlill.MiL 
 Williniil II. Hluoi'.v. 
 
 nmo 111 Appt 
 
 .hilyill, ISl,',.' 
 I''i.li, '.ill, l.slll, 
 •iuim ,'., lSi;i. 
 
 Miij 'jr., is(ii. 
 
 r,i»liii!iNlor. 
 
 .\n>iMl .1. Urooiio. 
 lOilwiii'roinllilriOll. 
 Chu8. It. niiniuiil. 
 .ItiH. nirliiUlgliliii. 
 
 Iluli-ol' Ap|il. 
 
 Si'pl. 7, Lsiiil, 
 Jliir. Ill, l.Slill^ 
 Nov. IT, ISSt! 
 .lul.VJS, 1S,SI1. 
 
 1 lliilo u! i.BliiMi»linu'iil.. 
 
 lini.UilOllS 111,'^TOllY. 
 
 It is notgenerally known to the mcmberaof tho 
 present eburch at Gloueoster that over one hun- 
 dred and sixty-four years ago a. congregation of 
 tho t'biiicb (d'lOngland worshipped in that town, 
 but such is tho fact, in 1722 Thoimus Hull, ono of 
 tho proprietors of the town, ill his will, makes tho 
 following beiiuest: "I give my lilo or tier of lots 
 at Gloucester, including the burial-ground near 
 my house, to beset apart for a, Clhnrch of lOnglaml 
 when tho eongregatimi see lit to build." There is 
 no evidence that a church was ever built, and tlio 
 site of the burial-ground mentioiiod is unknown. 
 A congregation was maintainod, hov^ever, Ibrmiiny 
 yoars, and up to the time of the Revolution, if uot 
 later. The liov. Nathaniel lOvans, who was ap- 
 |iointed as missionary by the Society for the Prop- 
 agation of the Gos|)el in Foreign Parts, in 17li5 
 was placed in charge of tho parish at Gloucester, 
 Colestown and lierkloy. JIo preached at tlioso 
 phiees until his death, October 21), 17li7. Five 
 years later, November P), 1772, ho was succoodod 
 by the llev. Uobert lilackwoll, who married He- 
 bocca, a daughter td' , I oseph Harrison, a member 
 of the eongrogalion. Ho continnod in the service 
 until tho llovidul-ionary War broke out, when ho 
 joined the army as chaplain and surgeon. Tho 
 chnrohos for a time were without regular services, 
 and it. is not certain that tho church at (Jloucester 
 
GLOUCESTER CITY. 
 
 597 
 
 was again revived. No further effort is known 
 tending to re-establisliing Episcopal services in it. 
 Tiie present cliurch of tliiit denomination was or- 
 ganized in 1847. Some of the early emigrants 
 who settled at Gloucester in 1689 were members of 
 the Society of Friends, and they doubtless wor- 
 shipped in the house of Mark Newbie, on the 
 White Horse road, in Newton township, where an 
 " indulged meeting" was held under the authority 
 of the Society of Burlington 
 
 Dr. Bangs, a Methodist historian, states that 
 " Messrs. Boardman and Pilmore landed at Glou- 
 cester Point October 24, 1769, and immediately 
 set about their work of doing good." 
 
 They were English missionaries sent out by John 
 Wesley, but whether they set about their work at 
 Gloucester Point is not stated. There is no evi- 
 dence of permanent results. Meetings under Meth- 
 odist auspices were held in Gloucester as early as 
 1820, in the "eight-square" school-house, on the 
 Woodbury road, north of Timber Creek, but no or- 
 ganization was formed. About the same time 
 meetings were held and continued for years in the 
 old school-house on Market Street, east of the 
 West Jersey Railroad. They were conducted by 
 Frederick Plummer, of Philadelphia, a man of 
 great eloquence and power in the pulpit, who drew 
 large audiences. His efforts resulted in the con- 
 version of hundreds during the fifteen or twenty 
 years that he visited Gloucester Point. Many 
 were baptized iu the Delaware, but no church or- 
 ganization was effected, and the converts, gathered 
 from many miles of surrounding country, were 
 scattered or joined other churches, when Mr. 
 Plummer ceased his minisft-ations, about 1840. 
 Among them were Arthur Powell, a trustee of the 
 Methodist society in 1839, and his widow, Mary 
 Powell, still living with clear mental powers and 
 retentive memory, and an active member of the 
 Baptist Church. Another of Rev. Plummer's con- 
 verts is Alexander A. Powell, son of Arthur, now 
 one of the leading members of the Methodist 
 Church iu Gloucester, with two sons, George W. 
 and A. Aden Powell, local preachers. 
 
 The Methodist Episcopal Chuech of Glou- 
 cester originated in 1839. as the following minutes 
 will show : "At the request of Robert W. Sykes, Esq. 
 of Philadelphia, a meeting was called at the Glou- 
 cester Point Hotel, Gloucester County, N. J., at 
 three o'clock on Wednesday, June 5th, 1839, of 
 the following gentlemen, viz.: Joshua P. Browning, 
 John Whiteman, Edmund J. Yard, John Jloore, 
 Arthur Powell, Thomas Githcus, Edward Daugh- 
 erty, Reilly Barrett, Richard Benson, James Car- 
 rigan and James Harmstead." 
 
 Of the above, Powell and Browning belonged to 
 Gloucester, Githens, Barrett and Dougherty were 
 from Camden and the others were Philadelphians. 
 Browning was elected chairman and Harmstead 
 secretary. Mr. Sykes then proposed to convey to 
 the above-named gentlemen the house, twenty-five 
 by fifty feet, erected on a lot of ground sixty-one 
 by two hundred and sixty-six feet, on Market 
 Street, above Third, for a place of religious wor- 
 ship "for the use of the Methodist Episcopal 
 Church." The property was then presented to 
 them as trustees. About three hundred dollars 
 was raised and expended in furnishing the house. 
 Robert W. Sykes, a generous donor, was a lawyer, 
 and besides owning the ferry across the Delaware 
 between Gloucester Point and Greenwich Point, 
 possessed considerable land in Gloucester. He 
 was not a member of the Methodist Church, but 
 gave the new congregation encouraging support. 
 The trustees gave the building the name of 
 " Sykes' Chapel," but subsequently, at his request, 
 it was changed to " Gloucester Point Chapel." 
 
 Rev. Levi Scott, who afterwards became a prom- 
 inent bishop in the Methodist Episcopal Church, 
 and Rev. Joseph Ashbrook, of Camden, were as- 
 signed by Conference to conduct the religious ser- 
 vices in this building. On October 20, 1839, an 
 incendiary fire destroyed the chapel and all it con- 
 tained except the Bible. This seemed to be a sad 
 misfortune to the community and the young con- 
 gregation, but their good friend R. W. Sykes, second- 
 ed by his wife, came promptly to their aid. Call- 
 ing the trustees together the next day, October 
 21st, he informed them that he had insured the 
 building for twelve hundred dollars, and that the 
 money was at their disposal for the purpose of re- 
 building. He also offered to exchange a lot one 
 hundred by two hundred and eighty feet, on King 
 Street, more centrally located, for the one on which 
 the original building stood. These generous offers 
 were accepted and a brick building, thirty by fifty 
 feet, was constructed at a cost of eighteen hundred 
 dollars. 
 
 The Gloucester Church was part of a circuit un- 
 til 1845, when the membership having reached 
 sixt^, it was made a separate station under the 
 charge of the Rev. Elwood H. Stokes, now presi- 
 dent of the Ocean Grove Association. The so- 
 ciety worshipped on King Street until 1851, when 
 the opening ot Somerset Street through the ground 
 compelled the removal of the building. Land 
 was purchased on Monmouth Street, cn-ner of 
 Willow, and a two-story brick church, forty-five 
 by seventy feet, erected thereon, and the year fol- 
 lowing a three-story parsonage, the whole costing 
 
598 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 about eight thousand dollars. Here the congrega- 
 tion held religious services until the night of De- 
 cember, 1882, when, in the midst of one of the 
 greatest revivals that ever visited the congregation, 
 a fire destroyed the structure, with all its contents, 
 leaving nothing but blackened walls. The parson- 
 age was damaged, but the insurancemade good the 
 loss. On the church there was a debt of twelve 
 hundred dollars and an insurance of five thou- 
 sand dollars. The Presbyterian and Baptist con- 
 gregations of the town kindly offered to shelter 
 the homeless society, but the use of the city hall, 
 proffered by the City Council, was accepted, and 
 there they met until the pastor. Rev, H. M. Brown, 
 aided by the trustees, James L. Hines, president, 
 in a few months placed on the site of the ruins 
 a large and beautiful church building, fifty by 
 eighty feet, at a cost of fourteen thousand dollars. 
 
 Like other churches and institutions of Glou- 
 cester City whose population, dependent upon 
 factory employment, comers and goers as trade 
 ebbs and flows, this church has had its seasons 
 of lesser and greater growth, and its membership 
 has fluctuated. In 1880 it reached three hundred 
 and seventy ; at the present time, six years later, 
 it is two hundred and forty-two. The Sunday- 
 school, with forty-two teachers and four hundred 
 and ten scholars, is under the charge of George 
 W, Powell as superintendent, with William J. 
 Turkiugton as assistant. 
 
 The following-named ministers have served the 
 Gloucester congregation since its organization, in 
 1839. Those marked with a * are dead. 
 
 1839.— William Brooks.* 
 1841. — SocrateB TownBfaend. 
 IS'iS.— J. W. McDougal.* 
 1845.— Elwood II. Stokes. 
 1847.— John B. Dobbins. 
 1848.— Robert Givin. 
 1851.— Joseph Ashbrook.* 
 1853. — Jefferson Lewis. 
 18,56.-John Tort.* 
 1857. — Joseph Atwood. 
 1850.— Kobert S. Harris. 
 
 1801.— William Walton. 
 1863.— Thomas C. Carman. 
 1865.— Milton Relyea. 
 1868.— Jesse Stites. 
 1871.— At)ram K. Street. 
 1874.— Philip Oline. 
 1876.— Enoch Green. 
 1878.— George H. Neal. 
 1881.— William Walton. 
 1882.— Henry M. Brown. 
 1885.— Daniel B. Harris. 
 
 In 1883, November 14th, the corner-stone of a 
 Mission Chapel was laid in the southeastern sec- 
 tion of the city. The burning of the church a few 
 days after retarded work upon the chapel, but it 
 was recently finished and services are now held in 
 it regularly, the pulpit being supplied by local 
 preachers from Camden. 
 
 Church of the Ascension.— The Protestant 
 Episcopal Church of the Ascension, of Gloucester, 
 was organized in 1847, largely through the efforts 
 of [Rev. Isaac P. Labaugh, assistant rector of the 
 Episcopal Church at |Haddonfield, assisted by 
 Thomas S. Ridgway and Mr. and Mrs. Charles 
 
 Eobb, of Philadelphia. A meeting was held in 
 the district school-house November 29, 1847, when 
 the congregation was organized and the following 
 ofiioers elected : Wardens, Jefferson Smith and 
 Alan Sanford; vestrymen, Nathaniel Demeritt, 
 William 8. McCallister, Thomas Higginbottom, 
 George Nichols, Daniel P. Melcher, Hiram Brow- 
 nell, Benjamin Browning, Albanus L. Clemens, 
 Luther L. Cheeney and Benjamin Taylor. Two 
 days later, on December 1st, Charles and Rebecca 
 Robb, of Philadelphia, who owned large tracts of 
 land at Gloucester, conveyed to this newly-formed 
 parish a lot of ground one hundred feet square on 
 Sussex Street, near Ridgway, " for and in consid- 
 eration of the love and veneration for the Protes- 
 tant Episcopal Church, and for the establishment 
 of the same in the township of Union, commonly 
 called the City of Gloucester." The lot was virtu- 
 ally presented to the parish, as but ten dollars was 
 charged. Another lot on Sussex Street, forty by 
 one hundred and twenty feet, was afterwards 
 bought of Daniel Lacey and a third on Ridgway 
 Street, twenty by one hundred and twenty feet, 
 of Isaac P. Labaugh, upon which a rectory has 
 since been built. Thus organized, having selected 
 the Protestant Episcopal Church of the Ascension 
 as the name, Isaac P. Labaugh was chosen rector 
 of the parish and continued to serve as assistant 
 rector of the church in Haddonfield. A substan- 
 tial stone building, with a seating capacity of three 
 hundred and fifty, was erected, at a cost of three 
 thousand dollars, and consecrated, free of debt, 
 early in 1850, by Bishop Doane, of the diocese of 
 New Jersey. Besides those already mentioned as 
 active workers in the'parish during its early strug- 
 gles were Mrs. William S. McCallister, James Wil- 
 son, Samuel Raby, Stephen Crocker, Henry B. 
 Wilson and others. 
 
 The following is a list of the rectors and others 
 in charge in the order of their succession: Isaac 
 P. Labaugh, rector ; Josiah Bartlett, rector ; Mac- 
 Gregor J. Mitcherson, missionary in charge ; The- 
 ophilus Reilly; John A. Goodfellow, lay reader; 
 James A. Lamb, lay rector ; John A. Fury, priest 
 in charge ; Reese C. Evans, priest ; Richard H. de 
 Gorma, priest ; Caleb Pease, deacon ; Thomas F. 
 Milby, deacon ; Thomas Dickerson, priest ; Fran- 
 cis D. Canfield, priest. 
 
 The parish has sixty communicants. The 
 property is valued at ten thousand dollars. 
 
 The Presbyterian Church. — In 1847, Rev. 
 John M. Rodgers, a Presbyterian clergyman of 
 Woodbury, visited Gloucester and held meetings 
 at Washington Hall, on King Street, and on the 
 26th of June called a meeting for the purpose of 
 
GLOUCESTEK CITY. 
 
 599 
 
 organizing. Mr. Rodgers pre^ided and William 
 C. Mulford, M.D., was chosen secretary. The 
 trustees elected were William Melcher, William 
 0. Mulford, Peter Du Bois (an elder), Elvin Jew- 
 ell and Henry Van Fossen. Rev. Mr. Rodgers ac- 
 cepted a call to become pastor of the young con- 
 gregation and entered upon his duties on the 1st 
 of October with about twenty members. Their 
 meetings were held in Washington Hall until 
 1849. In the mean time land had been purchased 
 on Monmouth Street, at the corner of Burlington, 
 the Gloucester Land Company donating part of 
 the purchase money, and October 11, 1848, the 
 corner-stone of the present house of worship was 
 laid with appropriate ceremonies. Revs. Theodore 
 Cuyler, D.D., and George W. Janvier delivering 
 addresses on that occasion. The building is of 
 brick, two stories, and the main audience-room 
 will seat four hundred persons. The cost was 
 eight thousand dollars. Upon it was a spire, 
 eighty-two feet high, which a hurricane blew down 
 three years after its erection and it was not re- 
 built. The congregation at first was weak, but the 
 Presbytery of Philadelphia assisted and Rev. Mr. 
 Rodgers himself raised fifteen hundred dollars 
 for the building fund. Rev. Dr. M. B. Grier, one 
 of the editors of the Presbyterian, and who sup- 
 plied the pulpit during 1867 and 1868, did much 
 for the interests of the congregation. He present- 
 ed a lot of ground adjoining the church, upon 
 which a fine parsonage was built in 1870, costing 
 two thousand eight hundred dollars. Fifteen pas- 
 tors have served the congregation since the organ- 
 ization, in 1847. Their names and the dates that 
 they each assumed charge are as follows : 
 
 1847. John M. Eodgers. 1868. T. F. Richmoud. 
 
 1849. JameH Kirk. 1859. Joseph McMufray. 
 
 1860. A. Tudehope. 1866. John S. Hanna. 
 
 1851. Edward D. Yeomana. 1867. M. B. Grier, D.D. 
 
 1851. r. Knighton. 1869. Henry F. Beeves. 
 
 1853. W. E. Jones. 1881. John B. Mllligan. 
 
 1854, David Longmore. 1886. James A. McGowen. 
 1866. W. E. Boardman. 
 
 The pastorate of Joseph McMurray was a happy 
 one, and under his ministrations of nearly seven 
 years prosperity attended, until his failing health 
 compelled his resignation. His death soon there- 
 after was deeply deplored. To rich gifts he united 
 rare piety, which won for him universal love and 
 reverence. The long pastorate of Henry F. 
 Reeves, extending over twelve years, was blessed 
 spiritually and temporally. Under him the entire 
 debt of the church was liquidated and prosperity 
 attended his efforts until the time of his resigna- 
 tion to become principal of the Ivy Academy, a 
 Presbyterian instutition at Bridgeton, N. J. The 
 
 church membership is one hundred and fifty- 
 seven. 
 
 The Fiest Baptist Church of Gloucester was 
 constituted April 4, 1867, in Washington Hall, on 
 King Street, where services were held until the 
 frame meeting-house was built, with a seating 
 capacity of three hundred. 
 
 The pastors have been C. D. Parker, William 
 P. Maul, Thomas R. Taylor, E. V. Glover, Peter 
 McKenzie, John S. Teasdale, William C. Calder. 
 
 The officers for 1886 were,— Pastor, William C. 
 Calder ; Deacons, George M. Cheeseman, John 
 Budd; Clerk, Clayton Sagers ; Treasurer, Anna 
 Farrel ; Trustees, Clayton Shuster, W. Budd, Geo. 
 M. Cheeseman, John Budd, Frank Sagers, Harry 
 Carter. The members number ninety-five. 
 
 The Sunday-school was formed June 18, 1867, 
 and has one hundred and ninety officers, teachers 
 and pupils, with a library of three hundred vol- 
 umes. Superintendent, George M. Cheeseman. 
 
 St. Maey's Catholic Church, on the south- 
 east corner of Sussex and Cumberland Streets, was 
 built in 1849 by Rev. Father Waldron, appointed 
 parish priest by Archbishop Kendrick, of Phila- 
 delphia. Mass had been celebrated for some time 
 in Washington Hall, on King Street, and in the 
 old school-house near Broadway and Hudson. 
 Rev. Waldron remained but a short time after build- 
 ing the church, a stone structure, and was succeeded 
 by Rev. Finnegan, who at the end of a year was 
 removed and Rev. Harrigan appointed in his place. 
 His pastorate ot six years was very successful. 
 The parish was strengthened and the debt of two 
 thousand seven hundred dollars reduced to nine 
 hundred dollars. He was removed to a parish in 
 Cincinnati, where he died a few years afterwards. 
 Such was the affection of his old parishioners for 
 their former pastor that, raising the cost by sub- 
 scription and obtaining the proper authority, they 
 brought his body to Gloucester and buried it 
 among their own dead. Rev. Daly was the next 
 parish priest, and during the few years of his stay 
 the debt was increased to nine thousand five hun- 
 dred dollars. Rev. Father Wiseman was the next 
 pastor and is kindly remembered as a good one, 
 under whose administration the parish grew. The 
 parish school-house was built, several teachers em- 
 ployed and a large number of children instructed. 
 He was removed to Crawford, N. Y., and Bishop 
 Corrigan appointed Rev. Egbert Kars as pastor in 
 1873. Father Kars was the best loved and most 
 successful pastor the Gloucester Church has known. 
 For thirteen years he administered its affairs with 
 wise firmness, tempered with love, and gained the 
 hearty co-operation of his parishion ers in whatever 
 
600 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 he undertook for the good of the church. Short- 
 ly after his coming he brought the Sisters of St. 
 Dominic and placed them in charge of the school. 
 He liquidated the parish debt during his pastorate, 
 which ended with his life, May 3, 1886, when he 
 died, lamented not alone by his own, but all the 
 people, and such was the regard in which he was 
 held, that on the day of the funeral the factories 
 were closed and the people en masse attended the 
 obsequies. While he was in charge of the parish 
 Revs. Donavan, Horn, Gary, Lynch and Murphy 
 were appointed assistants in succession, the last- 
 named acting as pastor at the time of Father Kars' 
 death. The parish numbers seventeen hundred 
 souls. 
 
 Schools. — The log school-house in the woods 
 was used until 1830, when a frame house was built 
 east of the Union Cemetery and served the pur- 
 pose for a number of years. It was then sold, and 
 a brick house, now occupied as a dwelling, was 
 erected near Broadway and Hudson Street. In 
 1859 the two-story brick school-house on Monmouth 
 Street, near Broadway, was erected at a cost of 
 seven thousand dollars, followed in 1868 by one at 
 Cumberland Street and Eidgway, costing five 
 thousand five hundred dollars ; and in 1869 by the 
 frame school-house on New Jersey Avenue, at Pine 
 Grove. This cost one thousand six hundred dol- 
 lars. In 1871 a second house was built near to 
 and similar to the first one at Ridgway and Cum- 
 berland, and in 1873 a third, each of them of 
 equal cost and capacity. These five buildings, 
 valued at two thousand nine hundred dollars, 
 with seven hundred and fifty seats, sum up ' the 
 public school accommodations for the children of 
 Gloucester City, the number of whom, between 
 five and eighteen years of age, is sixteen hundred 
 and thirty six, the number enrolled being ten 
 hundred and forty six, with an average attendance 
 of five hundred and twenty three. The pupils in 
 other schools, including the Roman Catholic 
 Parochial School of St. Mary's, number two 
 hundred and fifty. 
 
 When the State established the public-school 
 system the people of Union township, especially 
 those in the western section, entered heartily into 
 educational work and the largest possible facilities 
 were provided. ' In 1847 this section comprised 
 two school districts — Nos. 1 and 2 — with sixty-two 
 and one hundred and seventy-seven pupils respec- 
 tively. The schools were kept open throughout 
 the year and the taxes levied to cover the cost were 
 paid cheerfully. The treasurer of the School 
 Board acted as superintendent. The first so to act 
 was William C. Mulford, M.D., in 1847 and 1848 
 
 as well as in subsequent years. He was succeeded 
 by Joshua P. Browning, William H. Emery, Jere- 
 miah H. Banks and William C. McCallister, the 
 latter serving for a number of years and until 1868, 
 when township gave way to city methods. 
 
 Under the city charter the Board of Education 
 is an independent body, not amenable to Common 
 Council for its actions, but providing such educa- 
 tional facilities as in its judgment are required, 
 with power to levy such tax, within the statutory 
 limit, as will suffice to pay the cost. The board 
 consists of six members elected for three years, 
 two being elected annually. The board elects a 
 president, secretary and treasurer from its own 
 members. The school funds are made up of a 
 State, local and poll-tax. The receipts of the 
 treasurer for the fiscal year ending February 1, 
 1886, were: From the State, $4908.88; local tax 
 (two mills), $3685.37,— total, $8594.25. The ex- 
 penditures were $7877.31, of which $6252.50 was 
 for salaries. The surplus on hand was $4756.97. 
 The salaries range from $400 to $500 for teachers 
 and $1000 for the principal. There are eleven 
 teachers, as follows : Principal, William Dougher- 
 ty; Priscilla H. Redfield, Annie Emery, Mary 
 Whittington, Matilda O. Redfield, Elizabeth W. 
 Hanna, Kate McMurray, Willie Cogill, Emma 
 Mayers, Emma S. Gaunt, Ida F. Luther. In addi- 
 tion to these. Judge John Gau nt, G. W. Michaels, 
 P. H. Redfield and R. Heritage have been employed 
 as teachers of night schools, which are open for 
 several months in the year and are well attended. 
 Judge Gaunt and Miss Redfield are veteran teach- 
 ers, the latter having taught in the schools of 
 Gloucester for more than thirty consecutive years. 
 
 The members of the Board of Education are 
 George M. Dixon, William C. Turkington (secre- 
 tary), Russell Willard (treasurer), Samuel Barwisi 
 Charles C. Collings (president), Duncan W. Blake, 
 M.D. 
 
 The following have been officers of the board 
 since 1868 : 
 
 PRESIDENTS. 
 
 1ST9-80. John C. Stineon. 
 1881-82. Henry M. Harley. 
 
 1883. Henry F. West. 
 
 1884. John H. MoMurray. 
 1886. George M. Dixon. 
 1886. Charles C. Collings. 
 
 1868. William C Mulford. 
 
 1869. Samuel Eaby. 
 1870-71. Thomas Hallam, 
 1872-76. Samuel T. Murphy. 
 
 1876. George Boughman. 
 
 1877. Samuel T. Murphy. 
 
 1878. William H. Banks. 
 
 SECRETARIES. 
 
 1868-71. John C. Stinson. 1877-82. Andrew J. Greene. 
 
 1872-73 William H. Banks. 1883-85. George P. J. Poole. 
 
 1874-76, Samuel Finney. 1886 William 0. Turkington. 
 
 TREASURERS. 
 
 1868-73. GeorgeW.Dickensheets. 1877-78. Thomas Hallam. 
 1874. William H. Banks. 1879-83. Lewis G. Mayers. 
 
 1S7B-76. Samuel T. Mui-phy. 1886. Russell Millard. 
 
GLOUCESTER CITY. 
 
 601 
 
 Cemetbiiies. — The Cedar Grove Cemetery Com- 
 pany was incorporated in 1851, the names of William 
 C. Mulford, Jacob Morrill and Stephen Crocker 
 appearing in the charter. The company was or- 
 ganized and eight acres of land purchased on Mar- 
 ket Street, east of the West Jersey Railroad. This 
 was laid out and improved, and this cemetery has 
 long been the favorite resting-place of Glouces- 
 ter's dead. The present directors are James L. 
 Hines, president and treasurer; Wm. Van Meter, 
 secretary ; William C. Birch, James E. Truax and 
 Levi North. 
 
 The Union Cemetery is located between Broad- 
 way and the West Jersey Railroad, south of Mar- 
 ket Street. The association was incorporated in 
 1860, Abraham Powell, Arthur Powell and Joseph 
 B. Ellis being named in the act. The ground 
 originally measured three acres, but the railroad 
 cut off one-third, leaving but two acres. The di- 
 rectors are : Alexander A. Powell, president ; Lewis 
 G. Mayers, treasurer ; Daniel Carroll, secretary. 
 
 Building AssociATioisrs. — The first building 
 association was incorporated in April, 1849, as the 
 Gloucester Saving Fund and Building Association, 
 with Moses G. Boston, Westcott Lowell, Stephen 
 Crocker, William S. Doughten, George Nichols, 
 Charles S. Barnard, William C. Mulford, Jeremiah 
 H. Banks, William H. Emery and Joseph Cramer 
 as incorporators. The association did well for 
 about seven years, but difficulties and losses occur- 
 red and its affairs were wound up when the stock 
 was worth about ninety dollars per share. 
 
 August 17, 1866, a meeting was held in Union 
 Hall and the United Mutual Loan and Building 
 Association was formed by the election of William 
 W. Fernald as secretary, and the following-named 
 rectors: William S. McCallister, Hugh J. Gor- 
 man, James L. Hines, James Nield, Samuel Raby, 
 Peter McAdams, William Ames, Philip Ritner and 
 Joseph R. Smith. Samuel Raby was chosen pres- 
 ident and Albert J. Greene treasurer. These were 
 among the most careful and trusted men of the 
 city, and the success of the enterprise was assured. 
 Stock was subscribed for, and the association began 
 its long career of usefulness. The first year the 
 receipts were $8957, and the amount loaned on 
 bond and mortgage was $8600. Eighteen series 
 of stock have been issued, eight of which have 
 matured, leaving two thousand three hundred and 
 six shares still running. The total amount loaned 
 on bond and mortgage since the start is over 
 $350,000, in suras varying from $200 to $2000, and 
 averaging less than $1000 to each person. These 
 have been persons of limited means, and it is esti- 
 mated that nearly three hundred persons have 
 
 thereby been aided in securing homes ; and this 
 accounts, in part, for the unusually large propor- 
 tion of house-owners in Gloucester — over one in 
 three of the ratables. Samuel Raby was president 
 two years ; Henry Black, ten ; Archibald M. Gra- 
 ham, one; James L. Hines, nearly six years, when, 
 resigning, Henry Black was again elected, serving 
 until March, 1886, when he resigned to take the 
 secretaryship, made vacant by the resignation of 
 Hugh J. Gorman, after nearly eighteen years con- 
 secutive service. Albert J. Greene, who was also 
 city treasurer, was elected in 1866 and, excepting 
 1884, when Lewis G. Mayers was elected for one 
 year, he has been the only treasurer. The last 
 annual report gives the receipts at $18,459.52, and 
 the average premium for loans twenty per cent. 
 The present officers are : President, Joseph Rut- 
 land; Secretary, Henry Black; Treasurer, A. J- 
 Greene; Directors: Peter McAdams, Thos. Black, 
 John Mcllmoyl, Joseph O'Kane, Alonzo D. Husted, 
 William C. Turkington, Harrison Eger, Frank 
 
 Raflferty. 
 
 societies. 
 
 Cloud Lodge, No. 10],Fkee and Accepted 
 Masons, was formed in 1869, largely through the 
 endeavors of Benjamin Cloud, of Woodbury, and 
 by his efforts a meeting was held in Washington 
 Hall September 27th, when Richard C. Horner, 
 Philip H. Fowler, William Mulford, William C. 
 Burch, Joseph Tucker, John P. Booth, William 
 Willian, William W. Garrett and William Ames 
 applied to the Grand Lodge of New Jersey for a 
 dispensation to form a lodge of Free and Accepted 
 Masons, with the following officers : R. C. Horner, 
 W. M. ; P. H. Fowler, S. W. ; William C. Mulford, 
 J.W.; William 0. Burch, Treasurer; William 
 Ames, Secretary. 
 
 The warrant constituting Cloud Lodge was re- 
 ceived January 31, 1870, and the officers were P. 
 H. Fowler, W.M.; William 0. Mulford, S. W. ; 
 William C. Burch, J. W.; John C. Stinson, Trea- 
 surer ; William Ames, Secretary. 
 
 The following have served the lodge as Worthy 
 Masters : 
 
 1870-71.— Philip H. Fowler. 
 1872.— Edward Mills. 
 1873. - Jolin P. Booth. 
 1874.— Edwin Toiniinson. 
 1876.— John Gouiioy. 
 187ri.— William W. Garrett. 
 1877.— Thomas J. Finney. 
 1878. —George A. Dobbins. 
 
 1879. -Frank M. Hoffman. 
 1880.- G. William Barnard. 
 1881.— Wm. C. Burch. 
 1882.— Thomas J. Finney. 
 1883.— Henry M. Harley. 
 1884.— Wm. H. Bowker. 
 1885.— John W. Warner. 
 
 The lodge now has twenty-five members. 
 
 Mount Ararat Lodge, No. 8, Masonic 
 Ladies, which meets in Powell's Hall, is one of 
 the most prosperous societies of Gloucester, and was 
 
602 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 organized October 8, 18^7, in Union Hall, with the 
 following charter members : 
 
 Sarah A. Conover. 
 Kliza Bainbo. 
 Mary A. Higham. 
 Jennie Warburton. 
 Sarah Parker. 
 Elizabeth Alawaya. 
 Mary Kichmond, 
 Annie M. Weat. 
 Patience O'Harah. 
 Elizabeth Rodgers. 
 Julia Sraallwood. 
 Kosanna Horner. 
 Anna P, Conover. 
 Hannah Tatem. 
 Lizzie Herron. 
 Priscilla Lewis. 
 Hannah Doughty. 
 Anna D, Morton. 
 Sarah Stillings. 
 Margaret Thomas. 
 Sarah Matlack. 
 Elizabeth Starr. 
 Martha Tomlinson. 
 Eliza J. Herron. 
 Lizzie Horner. 
 
 Elizabeth Grove. 
 Sue Hendrickson. 
 Sarah Counor. 
 Jane Colwell. 
 Caroliue BasUan. 
 Louisa J. Daisey. 
 Sarah J. Elberson. 
 Abigail Marsh. 
 Mary A. Miller. 
 Emma Neill. 
 Ellen Turner. 
 Mary Wynn. 
 Sarah Solomon. 
 Ellen ¥. Carney. 
 Emeline Pew, 
 Emma Daieey. 
 Mary Farras, 
 Mary E. Irvin. 
 Milicent Lafferty. 
 Kebecca Marple. 
 Frances Taylor. 
 Deborah "Wilkins. 
 Parmelia Teager. 
 Georgiana Frazer. 
 
 The officerj for 1886 are Past I. H. P., Amanda 
 Cheeseman ; I. H. P., Laura Beckett; H. P., Ella 
 Pursglove; S. of 0., Lou Richardson ; S. L, Emma 
 Lanagan ; J. L, Stella Parker ; Tiler, Emma 
 Ross ; Treasurer, Amanda Adams ; R. S., Hannah 
 Tatem ; F. S., Anna D. Norton. 
 
 Arwam.es Lodge, No. 37, /. 0. 0. F., was insti- 
 tuted February 5, 1846, by Samuel T. Reed, 
 Grand Master of New Jersey, assisted by D. D. 
 G. M. Samuel Lilly, G. W. Joseph Notts, G. 0. 
 Joseph Narine, G. G. A. P. Darast and Grand 
 Marshal James P. Taylor. The charter members 
 were Dr. William C. Mulford, Reuben M. Dimock, 
 Henry Wiggins and John Howarth. The lodge 
 prospered for several years, but the Civil War 
 depleted its membership and it ceased working 
 until May 7, 1871, when it was reorganized with 
 these members : 
 
 Thomas M. White. 
 Alexander A. Powell. 
 David P. Morgan. 
 JaDies L. Hines. 
 Henry Van Poeaen. 
 Jamea Noild. 
 Joseph B. Ellis. 
 Samuel T. Murphy. 
 
 Wesley Anderson. 
 Joseph A. Leeds. 
 Edmund Hoffman. 
 George W. Dickensheets. 
 William H. Banks. 
 John E. Miller. 
 Joseph R. Smith. 
 
 The meetings were held in Greene's Hall and a 
 strong organization was effected. Its present 
 membership is thirty-four, with these officers : N. 
 G., Albert Munn ; V. G., Joseph 0. Berry ; R. S., 
 Joseph C. Penn ; W., David P. Morgan ; 0., 
 Henry P. Hill ; I. G., Henry Wiltse. Among the 
 Noble Grands previous to the suspension were 
 
 William C. Mulford, Wesley Anderson, Samuel 
 T. Murphy, Edmund Hoffman and Frank Mul- 
 ford. The following have been the Noble Grands 
 since the reorganization : 
 
 Thomas A. White. 
 Alexander A. Powell. 
 John B. Miller. 
 Kobert Verdin. 
 Albert Munn. 
 James Netld. 
 Charles Mason. 
 George Oatley. 
 Squire Brooks. 
 Jamea E. Parker. 
 Henry P. Hill. 
 Joseph Test. 
 
 George McLaughlin. 
 Lewis C. Harris. 
 George A. Dobbins. 
 William R. Gardiner. 
 Joseph Cooper. 
 Samuel Pettit. 
 Joseph C. Penn. 
 John P. Booth. 
 Wesley Anderson. 
 Hugh O'Neil. 
 William Buckley. 
 
 Ancient Castle, No. 2, A. 0. K. M. C— 
 The Ancient Order of the Knights of the Mystic 
 Chain was founded in Reading, Pa., February 2, 
 1871, by J. O. Mathers and J. M. Brown. It now 
 numbers one hundred and fifty castles in that 
 State and ten in New Jersey, the latter recently 
 formed through the zeal of members of the Glou- 
 cester Castle. 
 
 Ancient Castle, No. 2, was founded chiefly 
 through the efforts of William L. and Harry S. 
 Simpkins, George and Samuel B. Lee, who called 
 a meeting at the house of James Carr, on Hudson 
 Street, and securing twenty-four names, resolved 
 to apply for a charter, and March 15, 1878, this 
 castle was instituted, with the following-named 
 charter members : 
 
 William L. Simkiua. 
 George Lee. 
 J. H. Brown. 
 James M. Chapman. 
 Samuel Beaston. 
 Benjamin S. Cheeseman. 
 Henry B. Wiltse. 
 W. N. Fenie. 
 William Greene. 
 Joseph L. Hebbard. 
 George Morrison. 
 Jesse Perkins. 
 Frederick Fabirnen. 
 
 Harry S. Simkins. 
 Samuel B. Lee. 
 Thomaa Conover. 
 Lewis 8. June. 
 George W. Lake. 
 Isaiah Mageo. 
 William Daiaey. 
 Joseph Greene. 
 William Kent. 
 Thomas Lake. 
 Abraham McLeod. 
 Samuel Burrows. 
 
 The castle has prospered and gathered within 
 its fold many of the best and most influential citi- 
 zens, among them these, who have been active in 
 spreading the order in this part of the State : Past 
 Supreme Commanders Lewis G. Mayers, James A. 
 Wamsley, M. D., Walter W. Larkins and George 
 W. Cheeseman. 
 
 Standing Elk Tbibe, No. 22, Improved 0. of 
 R. M., was instituted February 25, 1871, by Great 
 Prophet Charles H. Gordon, of Camden, with 
 these charter members, — ■ 
 
 William W. Taylor. 
 John McEUmoyl. 
 
 Charles B. Muagrove. 
 James Paul. 
 
GLOUCESTEK CITY. 
 
 603 
 
 John A. Hnker. 
 William Keys. 
 Samuel T. Murphy. 
 Robert M. M'atson. 
 Jo^ph VTiggleaworth. 
 Jacob Stetser. 
 "Wright Borgesa. 
 
 James Kane. 
 Joseph A. Test. 
 George W. McLaughlin. 
 Isuiic Burrougll. 
 David Faasner. 
 "Wesley .\uderson. 
 Samuel B. Lee. 
 
 Knights of Pythias.— Franklin Lodge, No. 
 26, K. of P., WHS instituted in Washington Hall, 
 August 18, 1869, by Acting G. C, Stephen D. 
 Young; G. V. C, Thomas G. Rowand; G. P., 
 Samuel Williams ; G. K. of R., William B. French; 
 G. M. of F., C. Mahew ; G. M. of E., James H. 
 Pierson ; G. M. A., A. Frank Holt ; G. I. G., 
 William P. Repsherl; G. O. G., Samuel Braddock^ 
 all of Camden, except J. H. Pierson, of Woodbury. 
 These were the charter members initiated at the 
 institution of the lodge : Peter V. Brown, Charles 
 F. Mayers. Thomas J. Finney, John O. Hines 
 Samuel Finney, George Learning, Lewis G. May- 
 ers, John C. Jordan, Levi Sharp, John D. Harley, 
 Edgar Roby, Robert Booth, Robert Heaton, Wil- 
 liam R. Britton, Albert Munn, James Paul, George 
 Whipple, William S. Chew, William B. Simon, 
 Ambrose Strong, George W.Powell, Henry Harley, 
 Mark L. Lacey, Alvin Berry, Thomas Conover, 
 Joseph Tucker, Leroy Starkweather, Edward 
 Noble. 
 
 These were the officers installed August 18, 1869: 
 P. C, James Magee ; C. C, Peter V. Brown ; 
 V. C, Samuel Finney ; K. of R. and S., Charles 
 F. Mayers; M. of F.,Thomas J. Finney ; M. of C , 
 Samuel Beaston ; M. of A., John D. Harley ; I. G., 
 John O. Hines ; O. G., Edgar Roby. 
 
 The Past Chancellors of the lodge are Peter 
 V. Brown, Samuel Finney, A. E. I'allman, John 
 D. Harley, William Brown, John Moffatt, How- 
 arth Law, Henry Law, Edgar Roby, Henry Black, 
 Robert Heaton, Griffith J. Cassels, William Cald- 
 well, Daniel Forrest, Joseph Wigglesworth, James 
 RadclifTe, George Angleman, John B. Morrell, 
 John P. Booth, William R. Britton, Robert Booth, 
 Joseph Berry, Elwood Fisher, Douglass J. Rob- 
 inson, Thomas F. Middleton, Asa V. Locke, 
 Frank M. Neild, Jehu A. Locke, John S. White- 
 field, Samuel T. Murphy, William Feeney. 
 
 The officers for 1886 are : P. C, William Feeney ; 
 C. C, Arthur G. Clark; V. C, Hugh Sterling; 
 P., John Moffatt ; K. of R. and S., Robert Heaton ; 
 M. of F., Benjamin F. Upham ; M. of E., Henry 
 Black ; M. A. A., Elijah E. Locke; O. G., Thomas 
 Steen. 
 
 The lodge has fifty-nine members, and meets 
 in McBride's Hall every Tuesday evening. 
 
 The Youxg Republican Club was formed in 
 July, 1880, as a campaign club, with James Finley 
 
 as captain and William Hewlings, lieutenant, 
 but in October following it was reorganized as a 
 permanent body, for social purposes, with new 
 officers: President, Henry F. West; Vice-Presi- 
 dent, John H. McMurray; Secretary, Robert 
 Brannan ; Treasurer, Charles F. Reeves. A room 
 ■ was secured at the northeast corner of King and 
 Hudson Streets, and furnished with all the neces- 
 sities for social and mental enjoyment. Christmas, 
 New Year's and the Fourth of July are days of 
 special observance, but other seasons furnish 
 occasions for banquets or less gastronomic pleas- 
 ures. The membership numbers sixty, and the 
 officers are : President, Henry F. West ; Vice- 
 Presidents, William H. Banks and John H. Mc- 
 Murray ; Secretary, Harry Reeves ; Treasurer, 
 G. William Barnard. No liquors are tolerated 
 about the club-room. 
 
 The Women's Christian Temperance Union 
 meets in the building long known as the Wash- 
 ington Hotel, at the corner of Hudson and Willow 
 Streets. It was formed May 10, 1882, in the 
 Methodist Episcopal Church, largely through the 
 efforts of Mrs. Fannie H. Carr, president of the 
 Women's Christian Temperance Union, No. 1, of 
 Camden. The following were the original officers : 
 President, Mis- Rev. H. M. Brown ; Vice-Presi- 
 dents, Mrs- Edna Taylor and Mr:*. Rev. J. R. 
 Milligan ; Secretary, Mrs. Theresa Anderson ; 
 Treasurer, Mrs. Mary R. Michaels. 
 
 Fitting up the rooms on Hudson Street, the Union 
 began an active career of usefulness and benevo- 
 lence. Soup is distributed to the worthy poor 
 during the winter season ; and a library well 
 stocked with carefully selected books provides 
 good reading matter, in comfortable quarters, to all 
 who choose to avail themselves of the privileges. 
 The officers of the library are : President, Richard 
 Hoffner, Jr. ; Secretary, D. Roscoe Harris ; Treas- 
 urer, Emma Collings ; Librarians, Emma Collings 
 and Sarah J. Lippincott. The present officers of 
 the Union, which now numbers eighty-four mem- 
 bers, are : President, Mrs. Edna Taylor ; Vice- 
 President, Mrs. Rev. D. B. Harris ; Treasurer, 
 Mrs. A. M. Lippincott ; Secretary, Sarah J. Lippin- 
 cott ; Superintendent of Literature, Mrs. M. R. 
 Michaels. 
 
 The Catholic Social Club for mental impro ve- 
 ment was formed in 1883, and contains some of the 
 brightest minds among the young men of the 
 Catholic faith in Gloucester. The officers selected 
 were, — President, James McLaughlin; Secretary, 
 Herman Eger; Treasurer, Peter McAdams; Li- 
 brarian, Daniel F. Lane. 
 
 The club occupies rooms on King Street, above 
 
604 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Hudson, which are handsomely furnished, and the 
 library is well filled with carefully selected books, 
 to which the late Father Ears liberally contributed. 
 The membership numbers twenty-five and the first 
 officers are still retained. 
 
 The Yotjng Men's Catholic Beneficial Soci- 
 ety was organized in 1873, with thirty charter mem- 
 bers and the following officers : President, John J. 
 Lafferty; Secretary, Michael M. Mullins ; Treas- 
 urer, Daniel Kenny. It is No. 314, and is char- 
 tered by the Irish Catholic Beneficial Union. It 
 has prospered and now has a membership of one 
 hundred and thirty. 
 
 Gloucester Point as a Pleasure Kesoet. — 
 Hermaomissing was the Indian name for Glou- 
 cester Point. The eastern shore of the Dela- 
 ware Eiver, from Trenton to the sea, presents no 
 more attractive resort for the lovers of combined 
 rural and aquatic diversions than Gloucester Point. 
 At the head of the Horseshoe Bend, where the 
 Jersey shore trends to the east and the Pennsyl- 
 vania shore to the west, the river expands to bay- 
 like proportions, and opens to the eye a river-view 
 many milesin extent, and from the surface, cooled by 
 contact with the water, southwestwardly breezes, 
 the prevailing winds of the summer-time, come with 
 refreshing vigor during the heated term. Joined to 
 this, the six thousand feet of gravelly river-shore, 
 affording ready facilities for beaching small craft, 
 with excellent fishing in the river and creeks 
 around, the fact that the Point has been from the 
 earliest times a favorite pleasure resort, needs no 
 explanation. Three miles from Market Street, 
 Philadelphia, it is an easy row or sail, and hun- 
 dreds did and thousands do make it their Mecca, 
 on pleasure bent. 
 
 The Philadelphia Fox-Hunting Club made it a 
 place of rendezvous during its existence from 1766 
 to 1818, with the headquarters at "William Hugg's 
 Ferry -house, while the kennel was located on the 
 site of William J. Thompson's hotel. In excavat- 
 ing for the foundations of this building, a few years 
 ago, a quantity of bones, the remains of canine 
 feasts, were unearthed. Following the Fox-Hunt- 
 ing Club, in 1828, came the Fish-House Company, 
 now the Prospect Hill Association. There is a 
 dispute as to the date, some fixing it as late as 1838. 
 
 George P. Little, of Philadelphia writes : "That 
 originally the Fish-House Company was organized 
 by some old Waltonians, who, during the summer 
 months, met semi-weekly under the large sycamore 
 trees that once lined the shore of the Delaware, 
 from Newton Creek to Timber Creek. Chief 
 among those veterans in handling the rod and fry- 
 ing-pan was Jesse Williamson, and in organizing 
 
 a club in 1838, it was called the Williamson Fish- 
 ing Club, and, at his request, on the erection of the 
 present house, the name was changed to the Pros- 
 pect Hill Association. 
 
 The claim is made, however, on good authority, 
 that when the Fox-Hunting Club disbanded a 
 fishing club was formed, and that a house was built 
 in 1828 on Prospect Hill, a high blull overlooking 
 the mouth of Timber Creek to the south, and that 
 it was replaced, in 1838, by the present spacious 
 two-story club-house, where, twice a month, from 
 May to October, the members, under penalty for 
 absence, gather and feast on viands of their own 
 preparing — not fish alone, but anything that lures 
 the appetite — not water alone, but aqua pura di- 
 luted to a weakness assuring to weak ■ nerves. 
 Among well-known names on the list of past and 
 present members are these, — President and Cap- 
 tain, E. J. Hinohen, of the Philadelphia Sunday 
 Dispatch, who, for thirty-two years, did not miss an 
 opening-day; James B. Stevenson, Charles W. 
 Bender, William F. Hughes, Benjamin Franklin, 
 Peter Glasgow, George W. Wharton, William 
 Richardson, Peleg B. Savery, Peter Lyle, Chapman 
 Freeman, George J. Weaver, Louis Pelouze, Mah- 
 lon Williamson, Jacob Faunce, B. J. Williams, 
 George Bockius, Thomas F. Bradley, Joseph B. 
 Lyndall, S. Gross Fry, Benjamin Allen, John Kri- 
 der, George P. Little, Peter Lane, Samuel Collins, 
 William Patterson, J. W. Swain, Samuel Simes, 
 Jesse Williamson (one of the originators), and 
 others. The membership is limited to thirty, and, 
 as they are long-lived, the entire roll of members 
 during the fifty-eight years of its existence con- 
 tains but few over one hundred names. 
 
 Be-ides the Prospect Hill Association, other clubs 
 and individuals have built houses along the shore, 
 where, during the summer months, they bring 
 their families and friends for a day's outing, spend- 
 ing the hours in fishing, and retiring to the houses 
 when hungry. In a cluster, north of Hitchner's 
 Surf House, are nearly a hundred boat-houses, 
 belonging to Philadelphians, who visit Gloucester 
 Point for fishing and sailing, engaging fi-equently 
 ill regattas, a favorite course for which is around 
 the Block House and repeat, making a sail of six- 
 teen miles, during the whole of which the fleet is 
 in full view from the Point. Several large hotels 
 line the shore for the accommodation of visitors — 
 notably the Buena Vista and Thompson's, famous 
 for planked shad, the Surf House, Fath's, Hagger- 
 ty's, McGlade's and Oostello's. These form a dis- 
 tinct portion of the city, and, although comprising 
 a part of the municipality, with patrons and pur- 
 poses entirely difierent. 
 
GLOUCESTER CITY. 
 
 605 
 
 Matthew Medcalf, probably a son of the one 
 who settled at the place in 1688, established a fish- 
 ery below the wharf extending to Timber Creek. 
 The title to the fishery passed to two daughters of 
 William Masters, Mrs. Eichard Penn and Mrs. 
 Turner Oamac. Samuel Reeves, now of Haddon- 
 field, was in 1818 conducting the Eagle Point 
 Fishery at Ked Bank. He says at that time the 
 fishery at the place mentioned was operated by 
 William and Aaron Wood, and belonged to Joseph 
 Hugg, who was keeping the ferry and ferry-house. 
 He also says John Mickle, son of Isaac, was then 
 conducting a fishery above Newton Creek. 
 
 Gloucester Fox-Hunting Club.— A num- 
 ber of gentlemen of Philadelphia interested in 
 hunting convened at the Philadelphia Coffee- 
 House, southwest corner of Front Street and Mar- 
 ket, October 29, 1766, to organize a club. Twenty- 
 seven were present; among them occur the names 
 of Benjamin Chew, Thomas Lawrence, John 
 Dickinson, Robert Morris, John Cadwallader, 
 Charles and Thomas Willing, James Wharton, 
 Andrew Hamilton and others, who, in later years, 
 became famous in the councils of the State and 
 nation. They agreed to keep a kennel of fox- 
 hounds, and to pay to the treasurer five pounds 
 each for the purpose. In 1769 old Natty, a negro 
 man belonging to Mr. Morris, was engaged year 
 after year as knight of the whip placed in charge 
 of the kennel. 
 
 He was allowed fifty pounds per annum, a house 
 and a horse. In 1774 a hunting uniform was 
 adopted, a dark brown cloth coat with lapeled 
 dragoon pockets, white buttons and frock sleeves, 
 bufi" waistcoat and breeches and a velvet cap. In 
 1777 the kennel consisted of sixteen couple of 
 choice fleet hounds, and in 1778 twenty-two 
 hounds. 
 
 The kennel was established soon after the or- 
 ganization on the banks of the Delaware River, 
 near Gloucester Point, and while the business 
 meetings were held in Philadelphia, the rendez- 
 vous for hunting was established at the inn of 
 William Hugg, at Gloucester Point Ferry. After 
 the Revolution the club was revived and the mem- 
 bers increased. Twenty of the members were the 
 founders of the City Troop of Philadelphia, and the 
 commander of the Troop, Samuel Morris, Jr., was 
 until 1812 the president of the club. The hunts 
 took place usually in Gloucester County, at Chews 
 Landing, Blackwoodtown, Heston's Glass Works, 
 and sometimes at Thompsons Point, on tlie Dela- 
 ware. Jonas Cattell, the noted guide and whipper 
 in of the club, was tall, muscular, possessed of un- 
 common activity and endurance. He was re-elected 
 
 for the service in the winter of 1796, and continued 
 until the dissolution of the club, in 1818. His 
 keen sagacity, knowledge of woodcraft and of the 
 habits of game rendered his services invaluable. 
 The death of Captain Charles Ross, in 1818, caused 
 the final disbanding of the club. The kennel was 
 distributed among the members, and their progeny 
 are scattered all over West Jersey. 
 
 Fisheries. — Various places along the Delaware 
 River, at Gloucester, became noted as shad-fish- 
 ing stations at the time of the settlement, but the 
 first mention of them is contained in a will of 
 Sarah Bull, made in 1742. She was a daughter of 
 Thomas Bull, whose mother, Sarah Bull, is men- 
 tioned as a widow in 1688, and as owning one of 
 the lots that extended down to the river. The 
 fishery designated was above the wharf, extending 
 to Newton Creek, and was left by her to the Har- 
 risons, and used until the erection of the factory, 
 when its usefulness was destroyed. Gloucester 
 Point has ever been the resort of experienced 
 fishermen, whose purpose was less for pleasure 
 than gain, and fisheries with immense nets have 
 troubled the waters ever since the white man's 
 boat first pressed the gravelly strand. For many 
 years it was the occasion of an annual picnic with 
 New Jersey farmers, far and near, to go with their 
 teams, in large companies, each spring, to Glou- 
 cester Point, load their wagons with shad, haul 
 them home and cure them for family use during 
 the year, salted and smoked herring and shad being 
 deemed as essential to the larder as pickled pork. 
 Shad were more plentiful and larger in those days 
 than now- In the language of Alexander A. 
 Powell, a fisherman, threescore years ago, " Shad 
 don't run as they used to do when I was a boy ; 
 they used to bring in six thousand at a haul ; now 
 six hundred is a big catch, and such big ones as 
 they used to catch I eight-pounders, many of them, 
 while now a four-pounder is called a beauty." 
 The Hugg fishery, extending from Clark's to the 
 old ferry at Hitchner's, and the Champion fishery, 
 north from Hitchner's to Newton Creek. The 
 latter was purchased by the Gloucester Land 
 Company in 1848. The Clark fishery was united 
 with the Hugg right about seventy years ago, and 
 Alfred Hugg, a leading lawyer of Camden, whose 
 ancestors for generations owned the fishery, with 
 other heirs, is now the owner, and was the opera- 
 tor until 1886, when it was leased to William J. 
 Thompson and William Guy. The net used is five 
 hundred and seventy-five fathoms in length, 
 twenty fathoms in depth, and the lines over four 
 miles long, being the largest net used on the Dela- 
 ware. Shore-fishing has been less lucrative since 
 
606 
 
 HISTOEY OP CAMDEN COUNTS, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 gill-fishing came into vogue. This method came 
 into use as early as 1800, and was considered in- 
 jurious to the general fisheries to such an extent 
 that an act was passed, November 26, 1808, pro- 
 hibiting the use of the drift net or gilling seines. 
 This act was in force many years, and June 10, 
 1820, Aaron Patterson, Charles Anderson, William 
 Grifiith and William Campbell were tried for the 
 offense committed May 6th, opposite Howell's 
 fishing-grounds, at Red Bank. The act became 
 inoperative a few years later, and the method was 
 largely used. 
 
 Alexander A. Powell was one of the earliest to 
 engage in this mode of fishing. He drifted his first 
 net, sixty fathoms long, from Gloucester to Red 
 Bank, in 1828, and continued in the same occupa- 
 tion, each returning spring, until 1882, when the 
 weight of seventy winters compelled him to desist. 
 Sixteen gill-fishers now constitute the Gloucester 
 contingent, using nets one hundred and thirty 
 fathoms long. Formerly sturgeon fishing was 
 quite a business, but it has fallen ofi", and the 
 boats go to the bay in the early part of the season, 
 following the fish as they move up the river, and 
 reach Gloucester in July. 
 
 There are two fishing districts on the Delaware 
 River, in Camden County. The southern district 
 extends from Federal Street, Camden, to Timber 
 Creek. Patrick McGallagher is fish warden of this 
 district. The following is a statement of the catch 
 for 1886, with the number of men employed and 
 nets used : At Gloucester, William J. Thompson 
 and William Guy employ sixty men, and work a 
 net of five hundred fathoms length. The number 
 of roe shad caught was 9240; bucks, 6153 ; skips, 
 2431,— total, 17,824; herring, 179,406; rock fish, 
 691. Gloucester City, 21 gillers, 2500 fathoms, 
 8800 shad. Bridge Avenue, Camden, 10 gillers, 
 750 fathoms ; 8000 shad. Kaighns Point, 10 gil- 
 lers, 1000 fathoms, 5000 shad. 
 
 Planked Shad may not be called an industry, 
 but planked shad dinners are an institution pecu- 
 liar to Gloucester Point, one that is rapidly winning 
 popularity for the locality. Who was the inventor, 
 and when and where the invention was first ap- 
 plied, is not surely known. Tradition has it that 
 a hundred years ago Jersey dames, living near the 
 banks of the Delaware, always famous for the 
 abundance and delicate flavor of its shad, pleased 
 and cultivated the epicurean appetites of their 
 lords, the ploughmen and the fishermen of the day, 
 by serving up the dainty flsh, toasted on oaken 
 planks, free from the effluvia of swine fat. This is 
 tradition, however, dark, dim and uncertain, but 
 living testimony verifies the statement. 
 
 Samuel Reeves, now in his ninety-sixth year, 
 living in Haddonfield, began fishing at Eagle Point 
 fishery, at Red Bank, in 1818, and says planked 
 shad were then prepared, but not often, and not 
 until many years later did it become extensively 
 known. About fifty years ago "Aunt Polly" 
 Powell, wife of Abraham Powell, living near the 
 shore at Gloucester Point, so served the fish, on 
 occasions, to the hungry disciples of " Izaak Wal- 
 ton," who sought the gravelly shore on piscatorial 
 expeditions. " Aunt Polly " — the term was one of 
 affection and respect — did not make it a business to 
 cater for the hungry, but, at times, fishing-parties, 
 hungering and thirsting, would entreat her kind 
 offices in warming a cup of coffee or frying a bit of 
 bacon, and, in the goodness of her kindly heart, 
 she sometimes varied the regimen with planked 
 shad, to their delight and her gain. " Aunt Polly's ". 
 skill, however, never made planked shad famous. 
 They were delicious, and the fishermen knew it, 
 and repeated the experiment to prove the fact ; but 
 they were not judges, for fishermen are always 
 hungry, and a hungry man knows not whether it 
 be the excellence of the viand or the sharpened 
 appetite that makes it taste so good. 
 
 The first to provide the dish to parties was Mrs. 
 Wills, the widow of Aden G. Wills, who kept the 
 ferry-house, " The Old Brick," over forty years 
 ago. He removed to Red Bank, where Mrs. Wills 
 supplied planked shad to her guests occasionally. 
 Aden^Wills died and Mrs. Wills, who is still living 
 in Philadelphia, leased the Buena Vista, at Glou- 
 cester Point, about thirty years ago, and had a lim- 
 ited patronage for plank shad. Among her regular 
 patrons was Detective Ben Franklin, who some- 
 times alone, at other times with company, doubled 
 his enjoyment by sampling the luscious dish 
 while inhaling draughts of cool air. But while 
 Mrs. Wills was an expert in the culinary art, she 
 knew not the mysteries of printer's ink, and the 
 knowledge of the dish was limited. 
 
 Daniel Wills, a son, served planked shad at the 
 Buena Vista years later, and after that at the 
 Lazaretto, where many s. bon vivant sought his 
 hospitality. A Chester host took up the rdle a 
 number of years ago, and many went thither for 
 the delightful dish, but the later lustre of the 
 Gloucester dinners has paled the rival lights in the 
 land of Penn, and if they still burn, it is dimly 
 and subdued. Plank shad continued to be served, 
 but their renown was confined within narrow 
 bounds, and Philadelphia almost monopolized the 
 privilege until about ten years ago, when William 
 J. Thompson, who had been running the Buena 
 Vista, was supplanted by John Plum, and, building 
 
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GLOUCESTER CITY. 
 
 607 
 
 a house of his own farther south on the shore, 
 set rival tables, which, exciting emulation, led to a 
 strife for trade that lined both their coflFers with 
 silver and gold. 
 
 The rivalry led to extensive advertising, until 
 Gloucester Point's special dainty had been read of 
 all over the land, and parties from distant States, 
 after experimenting, have gone home, told their 
 story and started others on the pilgrimage. John J. 
 Jackson succeeded Plum, who supplies the com- 
 modity at the "Buck," on Timber Creek, butthe pil- 
 grimage to Gloucester still continued, requiring 
 constant expansion and multiplication of appliances 
 to feed the increasing pilgrims,which this year will 
 reach ten thousand. All classes are included. 
 United States judges, Senators, Congressmen and 
 heads of departments, Governors, legislators. 
 State, county and municipal officials, military and 
 naval heroes, the grave, the gay, all, in singles, 
 pairs and fifties, all partake ; even the bootblack, 
 if he has the price, may enjoy the luxury, barring 
 the wine. 
 
 Mr. Thompson is constantly adding attractions 
 to his spacious hotel, and his guests warmly praise 
 his hospitality and successful management. He is 
 
 one of Gloucester's most active citizens, and in 
 business and political matters, a leader. When Mr. 
 Thompson came to Gloucester (1869) " planked 
 shad" dinners were served in a primitive way. 
 He has brought it to a state of perfection, and his 
 hotel is the resort not only of Philadelphia's most 
 noted people, but the entire country. It is a great 
 place for foreign tourists, who desire to receive in- 
 struction about the mysteries of that great Ameri- 
 can dish. 
 
 Plank shad is thus prepared and served. A hick- 
 ory or white-oak plank, two and a half inches thick, 
 is heated almost to ignition ; upon it is placed a 
 " roe shad," fresh from the water, and split down 
 the back, seasoned and then placed before a fire of 
 coals. It requires from half to three-quarters of an 
 hour to cook properly. The fire cooks one side, 
 the hot plank the other, the process conserving the 
 aroma and juices ; and served hot, with new pota- 
 toes, fresh green peas, asparagus and waffles, with 
 wine to those who will, it is a dish fit for the most 
 epicurean of American sovereigns. 
 
 Among the noted sportsm en was John Burroughs, 
 whose reputation for fishing and gunning was 
 second to none in the country. 
 
THE BOROUGH OF HADDONFIELD. 
 
 CHAPTER XI. 
 
 Early History — Francis Collins, John Kay, Timothy Matlack, Jacob 
 Clement, Samuel Clement, Thomas Perry Webb, Thomas Redman, 
 Hugh Creighton, William Griscom, Benjamin Hartley— Local In- 
 cidents of the Eevolution—Haddonfield in 1825 and 1835— Friendship 
 Fire Company — Old Taverns — The Post Office— Library Company — 
 The Friends -^ Baptist Church — Methodist Church — Episcopal 
 Church — Presbyterian Church — Schools — Business Interests — So- 
 cieties. 
 
 Early History. — The land on whicli this town 
 is situated was embraced in two surveys, one of five 
 hundred acres, made to Francis Collins, Oct. 23, 
 1682, and another of five hundred acres to Richard 
 Mathews, in 1683. The former may be described as 
 lying southwest of Ellis Street, and extending from 
 the head of the middle branch of Newton Creek to 
 the south branch of Coopers Creek. The King's 
 Highway, or Salem road, passed through it. The 
 28th of Eleventh Month, 1724, Joseph Collins, 
 heir-atrlaw of Francis Collins, conveyed the por- 
 tion west of Salem road to John Estaugh. He 
 retained the eastern portion, where his father had 
 erected a mansion-house on the hill south of the 
 village, which he named " Mountwell." The site is 
 now occupied by Reilly's Seminary. The larger 
 portion of the Collins tract, not occupied by the 
 town, is now owned by the Hinchman estate and 
 William H. Nicholson and others. 
 
 The Matthews tract adjoined the Collins tract 
 on the north, and extended to Coopers Creek. 
 Richard Mathews was a Friend and resided in 
 London at the time of the purchase of this land, 
 but, a few years later, removed to Stoke Newington, 
 England, where he died in 1696. He was inter- 
 ested in the Province, was probably a creditor of 
 Edward Byllinge, and, through his agents, made 
 several surveys in Gloucester County, as it is not 
 known that he ever came to this country. In 1691 
 he sold, through his attorney, Elias Farr, one 
 608 
 
 hundred acres of the tract above mentioned to 
 William Lovejoy, it being that portion that lay 
 between the main street of Haddonfield and Coop- 
 ers Creek. William Lovejoy was a blacksmith, 
 and it is supposed his shop was the smith-shop 
 marked on the Thomas Sharp map of 1700. The 
 land was granted him by Richard Mathews, for 
 services, and in 1696 Thomas Gardiner, Jr., son- 
 in-law of Richard Mathews, as administrator of 
 the Mathews estate, granted Lovejoy fifty acres 
 additional, for services rendered. This tract lay 
 beyond the present Evans' mill, in Delaware town- 
 ship, and was called the Uxbridge. Lovejoy aban- 
 doned his occupation soon after, and sold all his 
 land, in the year 1696, to Thomas Kendall, who 
 erected a mansion-house and corn-mill. The mill 
 contained but one set of burrs, and was known as 
 the " Free Lodge Mill," and was probably the first 
 of the kind in the county of Gloucester. The land 
 and mill passed, in 1702, to Henry Treadway, who 
 soon after sold to Mordecai Howell, who, in 1705, 
 conveyed it to John Walker and Thomas Carlisle. 
 The latter, in 1708, sold his undivided half-interest 
 to Walker, who, in 1710, sold the land, one hun- 
 dred and fifty acres, to John Kay, Joshua Kay, 
 John Kay, Jr., and Simeon Ellis. In 1713 John 
 Kay, Jr. and Simeon Ellis gave to John Kay a 
 quit-claim deed for their right in the property. 
 
 John Kay was among the leading men of the 
 settlement, and first purchased one hundred acres 
 of Francis Collins in 1684, situated on the north 
 side of the north branch of Coopers Creek, and is 
 now part of the farm lately owned by Joseph W. 
 Cooper, deceased. The land lies about one mile 
 east of EUisburg, in Delaware township, this 
 county. At his house, in 1685, under the authow- 
 ity of the Quarterly Meeting of Friends at Bur- 
 lington, an Indulged Meeting was organized, and 
 continued there several years. In 1685 John Kay 
 
THE BOEOUGH OF HADDONPIELD. 
 
 609 
 
 was elected to the General Assembly of the prov- 
 ince of West New Jersey, and again in 1703-4. 
 He was also appointed one of the justices of Glou- 
 cester County, by virtue of which he was one of 
 the judges of the courts of the county. In 1710, 
 (the year he purchased the Lovejoy survey), he 
 was again elected a member of the Assembly, and 
 upon the meeting of that body, at Burlington, 
 elected speaker, and was re-elected for the sessions 
 of 1711-12-13. He was defeated for Assembly in 
 1716 by Daniel Coxe. When in the Assembly he 
 was chairman of the committee to make the set- 
 tlement of the boundary line between New York 
 and New Jersey, and also chairman of the com- 
 mittee to prepare a law to fix the partition line 
 between East and West Jersey. He died in 1742, 
 leaving a widow, Sarah, and several children, — 
 John, Sarah (who married James Norris), Mary, 
 Isaac, Josiah, Benjamin and Joseph. At the time 
 of his death he owned all the land east of the 
 main street in Haddonfield, from Coopers Creek 
 to a line near Ellis Street, excepting a few lots 
 sold to Timothy Matlack and others. He also 
 owned tracts of land in Delaware township and 
 other parts of what is now Gloucester and Camden 
 Counties. In 1727 he conveyed to his son Isaac 
 several tracts of land, containing seven hundred 
 and thirty-four acres, situated on both branches of 
 Coopers Creek. In this deed he is mentioned as 
 "John Kay, of the Grist-Mill, at the head of 
 Coopers Creek, in Newton township, Gloucester 
 County, New Jersey." The only part of the estate 
 now in the family name is owned by Isaac M. Kay 
 (a lineal descendant of John), of Haddonfield, and 
 is in Delaware township. The tract in Haddonfield 
 passed to John Kay, a son, except a portion owned 
 by Sarah Norris. The mill property was in the por- 
 tion conveyed to Isaac and passed to his son Joseph, 
 by whom it was resurveyed in 1791, and; later, 
 passed to Mathias Kay. The old mill was in New- 
 ton township, and its site can still be seen in the 
 bed of the pond when the water is low. In 1779 it 
 was moved about one hundred yards down the 
 stream and to the north, on the .site of the pre- 
 sent Evans' mill, in Delaware. In 1819 Thomas 
 Evans purchased the mill property of Mathias 
 Kay, and, in 1839, rebuilt it, and on the south side, 
 at the end of the dam, about 1820, built a full- 
 ing-mill, which was rented by Russell Millard, who 
 began business and continued until about 1854, 
 when it was destroyed by fire. Thomas Evans 
 died in 1849, and left the mill to his son, Josiah B. 
 Evans, who, in 1854, associated with him Solomon 
 Matlack, a millwright. He died in 1869 and left 
 the property to his children. The business is now 
 
 conducted by Joseph G. Evans & Co. In 1888 
 the machinery was changed and the Roller Process 
 and other improvements adopted. 
 
 Sarah, a daughter of John Kay, married James 
 Norris, a shipwright, and built one of the first 
 houses in Haddonfield, on a lot given her by her 
 father in which she kept a store. She was taxed 
 in 1723 and for many years after. This was prob- 
 ably the first store in Haddonfield. Her husband 
 died in 1742, and left a daughter, Elizabeth, who 
 married Isaac Smith in 1739 and John Hinchman 
 in 1747. Sarah Norris died in 1757. The old 
 house in which she kept her store stood on the 
 west side of the main street, near the corner of 
 Potter Street, and her dwelling, a two-story hipped 
 roof with a high basement, stood on the same 
 property. 
 
 Timothy Matlack, son of William, came to 
 Haddonfield in 1726 and opened a shop. In 1733 
 he was assessed 10s., and Sarah Norris 6s. Sd. 
 Matlack received from his father, William, in 
 1714, a tract of land in Waterford township, near 
 Glendale, where he built a house and settled. In 
 1726 he sold it and removed to Haddonfield. It 
 does not appear that he bought until August 6, 
 1732, in which year he purchased of John Estaugh 
 several lots on the west side of Main Street, embrac- 
 ing the American House property, andabove and be- 
 low and some distance to the rear. On September 1st, 
 the same year, he bought four acres of John Kay, on 
 the east side of the main street, opposite the 
 American House. In 1743 he sold part of the last- 
 named purchase to Jacob Clement, a tanner, in 
 whose descendants it still remains. The lot on 
 which the residence of George Horter now stands 
 was part of the four acres of Matlack. Timothy 
 Matlack purchased land on the north side of the 
 road of Mary Gill and John Gill, Jr., March 31, 
 1744, which, October 17, 1754, he sold to John and 
 Daniel Hillman, who. May 15, 1758, sold to John 
 Shivers ; the house now occupied by Mrs. Joseph 
 B. Tatem, on Main Street, standing on the pre- 
 mises, was shortly after built. 
 
 Timothy Matlack, a son of Timothy Blatlack, 
 was born in Haddonfield, in 1730, and afterwards 
 became noted in the councils of the nation. 
 When a young man he moved to Philadelphia. He 
 was educated as a Friend, and consequently as a 
 non-resistant, but during the Revolutionary War 
 he served as a colonel, for which he was "dealt 
 with " by the Society and lost his membership. He 
 was secretary of the Continental Congress when 
 that body was in session in Philadelphia, and was 
 known as an earnest advocate of the cause of the 
 colonies. He died in 1829, and was buried in the 
 
610 
 
 HISTOKY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 grave-yard of the Society of Free Quakers (of 
 which he was a member), on South Fifth Street, 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 Benjamin Collins, a son of Joseph Collins, 
 was a carpenter, and received from his father a 
 tract of land fronting the south side of the main 
 street, a part of the Mountwell estate. He died in 
 1756. 
 
 Jacob Clement, who in 1743 bought a lot of 
 Timothy Matlack, built thereon a tannery. The 
 site of it is to the rear of John Clement's 
 house, and it was continued until about 1812. It 
 passed to James Clement, his son, and later to 
 John Clement, his nephew, and is now owned by 
 John Clement, son of John. The old mansion- 
 house stood on the site of John Clement's present 
 residence. 
 
 About 1750 James Hartley built a tannery on 
 the lot of Charles H. Hillman, which was operated 
 until about 1825. 
 
 Samuel Clement, son of Jacob, who married 
 Bebecca, the daughter of Joseph Collins, in 1735, 
 received from him a large tract of land ex- 
 tending from the main street southerly to a line 
 running from Coopers Creek westerly. On this 
 tract and on the south side of Main Street, corner 
 of Ellis Street, Dr. Evan Clement, in 1760, erected 
 a large brick house, where he lived many years, as 
 did his son, Samuel K. Clement. The property 
 was recently purchased by Alfred W. Clement, 
 who, in July^ 1886, tore down the house and in the 
 wall was found a brick bearing the date September, 
 1760. Samuel Clement was an active member of 
 the Society of Friends and prominent in the pro- 
 gressive movements of his day. He was also a 
 surveyor and, entrusted with the settlement of 
 township and county lines, which he faithfully and 
 satisfactorily performed. 
 
 Thomas Pebbywebb, in 1727, purchased of 
 John Kay a triangular piece of land where now 
 stands the store of Alfred W. Clement, where he had 
 built a dwelling, and in 1733 was assessed as a 
 tavern-keeper. In 1737 he was taxed 10«. as a 
 blacksmith. He continued in business many years. 
 His widow, Margery, in 1742, purchased a piece of 
 land adjoining ; but the only son being a seafaring 
 man, the property eventually passed to others. 
 
 Thomas Eedman, who settled at Haddonfield 
 about 1730, was the son of Thomas Eedman, of 
 Philadelphia, a leading mechanic in that city. He 
 was apprenticed to a druggist and when of age 
 came to Haddoniield, and in 1737 married Hannah 
 the daughter of John Gill, and opened a drug store 
 in the village. He died in 1766 and left several 
 children, of whom Thomas Eedman followed the 
 
 business of his father, and also was a conveyancer. 
 He married Mercy Davis. They had a son Thomas, 
 who married Elizabeth L. Hopkins. He too became 
 a druggist and also a conveyancer and carried on 
 the business in the same house which stood on the 
 site of Mrs. Samuel C. Smith's residence. He 
 died in 1846 and his widow in 1852. Their chil- 
 dren — Thomas (deceased), James, Joseph, Eliza- 
 beth (deceased), John, Charles and Sarah — are 
 residents in the vicinity. 
 
 Thomas Champion, son of Nathaniel and grand- 
 son of John, who established a ferry over Coopers 
 Creek in 1702, came to Haddonfield as a tailor and 
 resided in the mansion built by Mathias Aspden. 
 He afterwards became its owner. It is now the 
 property of the Misses Blackwood, on Main Street. 
 This was considered at the time of its erection the 
 most expensive house in the village. The owner- 
 ship of the lot passed from Thomas to his son 
 Samuel, and after his death it passed out of the 
 name and became the property of Benjamin W. 
 Blackwood, M.D. 
 
 Mathias Aspden, in 1749, was one of the tax- 
 ables in Haddonfield. He married the widow of 
 Eoger Hartley in 1756, and their son Mathias, as a 
 shipping merchant in Philadelphia, accumulated a 
 large estate. He was a Loyalist during the Eevo- 
 lution and in 1779 his property was confiscated. 
 In 1786 the attaint of treason was removed and 
 damage awarded to the estate. He died unmarried 
 in London, August 9, 1824. His estate was settled 
 in accordance with a will made in 1791, and was 
 left to his heirs-at-law. The will was contested by 
 the English and American claimants, and after 
 twenty years of litigation it was decided in favor 
 of the American claimants and six hundred thou- 
 sand dollars was distributed among them. Mathias 
 Aspden, Sr., purchased a part of the four acres, on 
 which he built a fine mansion. He later moved to 
 Philadelphia, where he died in 1764. He bought 
 of Timothy Matlack the most of his estate west of 
 the main street, from Doughty's store to the 
 Eedman property, and the same year the remainder 
 of it. 
 
 Hugh Cbeighton owned the tavern house 
 which is now the American House, in Haddonfield. 
 It was the place of meeting of the Legislature of 
 New Jersey several times in the year 1777. The 
 Council of Safety was created by act of Council 
 and General Assembly of the State and was or- 
 ganized in this tavern house on the 18th of 
 March, 1777, and transacted business there, and 
 next convened at Bordentown, March 26th ; re- 
 turned to Haddonfield May 10th. Afterwards 
 meetings were held at Morristown and Princeton, 
 
THE BOROUGH OF HADDONFIELD. 
 
 611 
 
 and on September 5th at Haddonfield, where it was 
 continued until the 25th of the same month. 
 Hugh Creighton lived in this tavern until 1790, 
 and several years after in the town. He was the 
 grandfather of Governor Stratton. A frequent 
 visitor at his house was Mrs. Doratha Todd, later 
 known as Dolly Madison. She was a daughter of 
 John Payne and was born in North Carolina in 
 1772,. when her parents were on a visit, they being 
 residents of Hanover County, Va. Her father 
 was a captain in the army during the Revolution- 
 ary War and afterwards became a member of the 
 Society of Friends and was among the first who 
 had religious scruples about holding slaves. In 
 1786 he sold his estate in Virginia and removed 
 with his negroes to Philadelphia, where they were 
 all freed from bondage. 
 
 '* Doratha waa educated according to the opinion of Friends, and 
 in 1791 married John Todd, a wealthy young lawyer of that city, 
 being of the same faith. He died in 179:-i of yellow fever, leaving 
 her with two children. After the death of her husband she aban- 
 doned the religious faith of her parents, laid aside plainness of dress 
 and entered fashionable society. Her presence in Haddonfield drew 
 ■around her the country beaux, and more than one, even in their old 
 age, confessed their inability to resist her charms. Their out-door 
 parties in summer and quilting parties in winter always found her a 
 welcome guest, when she was the centre of attraction and admiration. 
 Philadelphia was the metropolis .and there resided those adminis- 
 tering the government, whose wives and daughters made society gay 
 and fashionable. .Among the delegates to Congress from Virginia 
 was James Madison, ayoung lawyer of talent andeven then re- 
 garded as one of the brightest intellects of the State. His strict at- 
 tention to the duties of his office prevented his making many ac- 
 quaintances, but on the occasion of his introduction to the bright 
 young widow, he fell desperately in love. This, on the part of on e 
 whose attainments were in advance of bis years, led to considerable 
 gossip among the ladies and made him the point of many jokes and 
 other pleasantries with the heads of government, even to President 
 Washington, who appreciated his worth and abilities. In 1794 
 Doratha Todd, generally known as Dolly Todd, became Dolly Madi- 
 son, and the wife of a future President of the United States. In 
 1801 her husband was appointed Secretai-y of State by Mr. Jeiferson, 
 and he removed to Washington, the new capital of the United States* 
 then but a small town. They remained there until 1817, ftt the close 
 of the second term of Mr. Madison's Presidency, and then went to 
 Montpelier, Va., upon his paternal estate. ... In her exalted 
 position she never forgot her friends about Haddonfield, nor the 
 many pleasant days she had spent among the people there. 
 
 Some of her old admirers sought honorable promotion at the hands 
 of her husband during his administration, which claims were 
 strengthened by her influence and led to success. . . . She would 
 always relate the pleasant reminiscences of her early life to those 
 presented to her as residents of West New Jersey, making inquiry 
 concerning the old families." 
 
 The lots adjoining the hotel property of Hugh 
 Creighton on the south were purchased by John 
 Clement, in 1836, and the brick houses now stand- 
 ing were erected and given to his three daughters. 
 The houses standing on the lots were small, one 
 story and a half and hip-roofed. The one next the 
 hotel was owned by Isaac Kay, the next by Thomas 
 Denny and the third was moved to Ellis Street, 
 where it now stands and is the residence of Mary 
 
 Allen. The lot on which this house stood was 
 owned by Samuel Mickle, who built it. He 
 married, in 1742, Letitia, a daughter of Timothy 
 Matlack. He died a few years later and in 1750 
 his widow married Thomas Hinchman. In 1752 
 Elizabeth Estaugh bought the Mickle property 
 and Sarah Hopkins, after the death of her hus- 
 band, Ebenezer, in 1757, moved to Haddonfield 
 and occupied the house and lot. On the site of 
 the old house is now the residence of Mrs. Sarah 
 Hopkins, the widow of Griffith M. Hopkins, a 
 lineal descendant of Ebenezer and Sarah Hopkins. 
 
 William Geiscom, a saddler, came to Haddon- 
 field about 1750 and lived in the house that now 
 stands on Main Street, owned by Isaac A. Brad- 
 dock. During the Revolution it was used as a 
 guard-house; a frame shop adjoining was set on 
 fire by the British troops and destroyed, but no 
 further damage was done. The building was the 
 residence for many years of Captain James B. 
 Cooper. It is now occupied as a millinery store. 
 
 Benjamin Haetley, October 25, 1764, pur- 
 chased of John Kay, son of Isaac, a lot of land, 
 now owned by Charles H. Hillman, on which his 
 son James erected a tannery about 1770, which 
 was continued until about 1825. The old house 
 was removed in 1881. 
 
 Prior to the Revolution George Hanold erected 
 a house on Main Street, above Potter, which now 
 belongs to the heirs of Hannah Ann Clement. 
 The house now owned by the Misses Kirby, oppo- 
 site Tanner Street, was erected before the Revo- 
 lution, and was the 'residence of Rev. Robert 
 Blackwell from 1772 until 1777, when in charge of 
 the mission in this section. This property passed 
 to John Branson, whose executors, in 1805, sold it 
 to Kendall Cole. He disposed of it to Evan 
 Clement in 1813, who, January 22, 1816, conveyed 
 it to Stephen Kirby, whose descendants now 
 own it. 
 
 For sketches of Richard Snowden, Nathaniel 
 Evans and Rev. Dr. Blackwood, see chapter on 
 Authors and Scientists. 
 
 Local Incidents of the Revolution. — The 
 brick house nearly at the north end of Main Street, 
 and now owned by Isaac A. Braddock, was built 
 before the Revolution by John Matlack, son of 
 William. The house on the site of the present 
 one of the late John Gill was also erected previous 
 to the Revolution. 
 
 The last encampment of the Hessians, under 
 Count Donop, before the battle of Bed Bank, Oc- 
 tober 22, 1777, was in Haddonfield. This body of 
 troops was about twelve hundred strong, and were 
 encamped across the street and in the field near 
 
AUTOGRAPHS OF FIRST SETTLERS IN THE VICINITY OF HADDONFIELD, 
 AND OF EARLY RESIDENTS OF THE TOWN. 
 
 ^^^U^T^^ 
 
 .i2i- t- ^ 
 
 Daughter of John Haddon and wife of John 
 
 Estaugh. She died 1761, childless. Had- 
 
 donfield was named in honor of her. 
 
 A minister among Friends. Married 
 
 Elizabeth, daughter of John 
 
 Haddon. Died 1742. 
 
 ^ \^0->^^ ^^-^ / 
 
 Son of James, of Flushing, Long Island, the 
 
 son of Gregory the regicide. Had 
 
 sons Samuel, Thomas and 
 
 Jacob. 
 
 Son of Jacob the first settler. He was a prac- 
 tical surveyor of Haddonfield. 
 
 <y A first settler. Died 1742. Had sons 
 
 A first settler. Cousin of the Haddons, and their 
 attorney. Died 1749, leaving one son, John. 
 
 A first settler. Died 1742. Had sons 
 
 John, Isaac, Josiah, Benjamin 
 
 and Joseph. 
 
 hfc^c^^r^^^e^ Mf^v^n^ 
 
 J^}r>x/'^ l^^c^i 
 
 Son of William the emigrant, and father of V_^ 
 
 Col. Timothy of Eevolutionary fame. Early pioneer of Burlington and Newton. Died 1720, leaving 
 
 sons Joseph, John, Francis and Samuel. 
 
 Son of William the emigrant, and brother of above 
 Timothy. 
 
 Eldest son of Francis the emigrant. 
 
 Died 1741, leaving one son, 
 
 Benjamin. 
 
 ^« ^^^T^ (^^p^^^M 
 
 Large proprietor in Haddon and Deptford townships. 
 Died 1696, leaving one son, Thomas. 
 
 One of the first tavern-keepers at Haddonfield 
 
 qg-^ 
 
 A first settler. Purchased part of 
 Matthews' survey in Had- 
 donfield. 
 
 ^^u^S^ 
 
 Proprietor of the tavern in Haddonfield where the 
 Legislature met in 1777. 
 
THE BOROUGH OF HADDONFIELD. 
 
 613 
 
 John Gill's house. During the night of October 
 21st the headquarters of Count Donop were in his 
 house. The next day the battle was fought, and 
 Count Donop was mortally wounded, and died 
 three days later. 
 
 During the Revolutionary War the Hessians 
 and American troops were often ranging through 
 the town. After the battle of Bed Bank, where 
 the Hessian troops were defeated, they returned in 
 detached bodies, and the old Friends' Meeting- 
 house was used as a hospital, and later by both 
 armies. A Scotch regiment was encamped during 
 one winter just east of John Clement's residence. 
 Their deportment made them many friends, espe- 
 cially among the boys, who carried on a lively 
 trade by exchanging game for powder. Many amus- 
 ing incidents used to be related by the old people. 
 Upon the abandonment of Philadelphia by the 
 British army, in June, 1778, it passed through Had- 
 donfield on the way to New York. The army was 
 four days and nights passing through the town, by 
 reason of the great amount of material and camp 
 equipage to be transported. Many times during 
 the war the people of Haddonfield and vicinity 
 were harassed by troops from both armies, forag- 
 ing for supplies. A secluded spot was selected, it 
 being a low swampy piece of timber land, about 
 two miles east of the village, between the Milford 
 road and the north branch of Coopers Creek, fami- 
 liarly known as Charleston, now owned by George 
 C. Kay. At this place a tract of several acres was 
 surrounded by a strong high fence ; no roads led 
 to it, and whenever necessary, cattle were driven 
 there and confined until danger was over. Silver- 
 ware and other valuables were buried. One farmer 
 kept his pork and provisions in a hogshead, which 
 was buried in the cellar. Lydia Bates, who lived 
 in a small house on the site of the late residence 
 of Samuel M. Reeves, kept a cow, which was often 
 caught by the soldiers and milked. This proceed- 
 ing did not meet with Lydia's approval, and on 
 the approach of the soldiers she would drive the 
 cow into her cellar, where she was safely kept 
 until they were gone. 
 
 Upon the breaking out of the Revolutionary 
 War the members of the Society of Friends in the 
 colonies found themselves in a peculiar situation. 
 The principles of non-resistance and passive obe- 
 dience entered so largely into their faith and 
 practice that it was not long after hostilities began 
 that they were accused of sympathy with the loyal 
 cause. In some instances this was true, but much 
 the larger number were on the side of the people, 
 and rendered such aid and comfort as could be 
 done consistent with their profession. 
 74 
 
 It afiected large bodies of influential and wealthy 
 citizens in Pennsylvania and New Jersey, and 
 drew toward them the attention of the authorities. 
 A notable instance of this was that of Thomas 
 Redman, of Haddonfield, who was arrested and 
 confined in the county jail at Woodbury from 
 January 21 to March 18, 1777. The charge 
 was that he, as clerk of the Preparative Meeting 
 of Haddonfield, had read an epistle from the 
 Meeting of Suffering of Philadelphia, before the 
 Haddonfield Meeting, relating to the members of 
 the society bearing arms. 
 
 Before the committing magistrates he admitted 
 the fact, yet insisted that he could not avoid the 
 discharge of his duty — neither had he violated the 
 law. 
 
 Certain paragraphs in the epistle, it was 
 claimed, were of " dangerous consequences" to the 
 cause of the people, and he was required to give 
 security for his good behavior in the future, or 
 stand committed. This he could not conscien- 
 tiously do, and was, therefore, sent to prison. 
 
 He remained there until the sitting of the court, 
 when the case was heard and he was fined five 
 shillings and the costs of prosecution. He in- 
 formed the court, for the same reasons, that he 
 'could not comply with the sentence, and was about 
 to be remanded when the sheriff announced that 
 the same had been discharged, and Thomas Red- 
 man was released. As he took his departure he 
 disclaimed any knowledge of how or by whom the 
 fine was paid,, and never, perhaps, discovered who 
 was the friend in disguise. 
 
 The journal kept by him while incarcerated — 
 still preserved by the family— is an interesting 
 manuscript. It shows how kind and attentive the 
 officials were to him, and the frequent visits of 
 friends, who carefully looked after his creature 
 comforts. It is evident that the proceeding was 
 contrary to the better judgment of all concerned, 
 for the offence, being merely technical, carried 
 with it no intentional harm. 
 
 Haddonfield in 1825.— On the west side of 
 the street, from Coopers Creek, the first brick 
 house was that of John Middleton, now owned by 
 Isaac A. Braddock. It was built by John Matlack 
 prior to the Revolution. The next below was the 
 John Gill house, also brick, on the site of the 
 present house still in possession of the family— an 
 account of Count Donop, in connection, is elsewhere 
 given. Next below was the house now owned by 
 Mrs. Joseph B. Tatem. From Grove Street, not 
 then laid out, south, was a house built by Joseph 
 Bates, about 1815, and for many years the resi- 
 dence of Dr. Bowman Hendry, now owned by Col. 
 
614 
 
 HISTOEY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Jesse E. Peyton. Next was the American house 
 property, since owned by John Roberts. Below 
 the tavern were the three low, hip-roofed houses, 
 the first owned by Isaac Kay, next by Mrs. Denny 
 and the third was the Estaugh Hopkins house, 
 now on Ellis Street. Next were the shops kept 
 by Zaccheus Logan, shoemaker ; Franklin Eggman, 
 tailor; and John Whitehead, watchmaker. Below 
 was a hip-roof house, formerly owned by Thomas 
 Githens, a blacksmith, whose shop was at that time 
 fronting the street. Next was the Thomas Red- 
 man house, in which the third Thomas Redman 
 was keeping a drug store ; it is now the site of 
 Mrs. Samuel C. Smith's residence. The Griscomb 
 house was next, and the residence of Captain Jas. 
 B. Cooper. Beyond the Ferry road was Samuel 
 Kennard's brick house, now the property of W. H. 
 Harrison. Samuel Kennard purchased the lot 
 April 14, 1782, and built upon it the brick house. 
 He was a justice of the peace many years. His 
 grandson was a prominent Baptist minister in 
 Philadelphia, and his great-grandson in Washing- 
 ton. 
 
 Adjoining the Kennard house was also a brick 
 house many years owned and occupied by Joseph 
 Branson. Next below. Turner Risdon, a saddler, 
 resided in a brick house built many years before. 
 Next below was the brick house and store built by 
 Richard Stafford, now the site of Willard's drug 
 store. The site of the post-office was occupied by 
 the tavern-stand, built in 1775 by Edward Gibbs, 
 and now occupied by Samuel R. Stoy. On the 
 corner of Tanner Street was the shop of Jeremiah 
 Elfreth, a cabinet-maker ; below on the same street, 
 were the old Estaugh tavern-house and. two or 
 three small houses. On the north side of Tanner 
 Street were three lots, with houses, owned by John 
 Clement. Daniel Fortiner, about 1800, built a house 
 on Main Street, the only one south of Tanner 
 Street, on the west side of Main Street. He was 
 a cabinet-maker, and the house is now the property 
 of William H. Clement. On the east side of the 
 street, south of the railroad, there was but one 
 house, which was owned by Silas Willis, a mason ; 
 it stood on the land now belonging to the heirs of 
 Joseph Walton. A frame house, still standing, 
 owned by Nathaniel Clement, is now owned by 
 Nathaniel T. Clement, his grandson. The next 
 house stood on the site of the Presbyterian Church, 
 and was built by Jeremiah Elfreth, who lived there 
 all his days. Above was the house occupied from 
 1772 to 1777 by Rev. Robert Blackwell, later 
 owned by Dr. Evan Clement, since the property 
 of Stephen Kirby, and later owned and occupied 
 by his daughters. On the site of Perrywebb's 
 
 blacksmith shop, about the year 1825, John Reeves 
 built a store and kept it several years. It was later 
 kept by Samuel M. Reeves, S. Stokes Hillman 
 and Adrian C. Paul, and the site is now occupied 
 by the store of Clement & Giffin. Next above was 
 a house built by the Alexanders, on the site of 
 Lydia Bates' frame house. It passed to Benjamin 
 Cooper, and is now the property of Samuel M. 
 Reeves' heirs. Next was a small frame house 
 on the site of Dr. N. B. Jennings' residence. On 
 the site of the residence of Mr. George Horter was 
 a house owned by Abel Nicholson, previously 
 by Munson Day. Above was a small house owned 
 by Samuel Champion, now by the Misses Stout. 
 Next was the Mathias Aspden house, then owned 
 by Samuel Champion, later by Dr. Benjamin 
 Blackwood, whose heirs still reside there. Next 
 was the Matlack house, which was a guard-house 
 at the time of the Revolution. 
 
 Jacob Clement's house was next ; it stood until 
 John Clement built his present residence, about 
 1857. The next house, now standing, was owned 
 by J. Stokes Coles, and built by John Clement, 
 son of Jacob. The Sarah Norris house, in which 
 she kept a store, later used as a tavern, was 
 torn down in 1842-43, and the present brick resi- 
 dence, now owned by Aaron C. Clement, was built 
 by his father, John Clement. Above Potter Street, 
 on Main Street, stood a house of Gerrge Hanold's. 
 Next above was the house now owned by Charles 
 H. Hillman, then in possession of the Hartley 
 family. The Roberts house, still owned by the fam- 
 ily, was built by John Roberts in 1816. The old 
 Baptist Church and burying-ground were situated 
 above. The church was built in 1818, torn down 
 and rebuilt in 1852, which was in turn torn down 
 in 1885. An old house stood between the Baptist 
 Church and the creek, owned by Samuel Zane, 
 where " Aunt Jenny " kept home-made beer, cakes 
 and candy for the small boys of the vicinity. 
 
 Off' the Main Street were the Grove School-house, 
 built in 1809, and still standing ; the Friends' 
 Meeting-house, which is now torn down, and the 
 old Friends' School-house, built in 1787, and still 
 standing. On Tanner Street was a tannery, from 
 which the street took its name. It was built about 
 1800 by Samuel Brown, who kept it many years. 
 In 1828 it passed to Samuel Allen, by whom it was 
 operated many years, and abandoned about 1875. 
 The property is now owned by Mary Anne Cle- 
 ment, his daughter, and wife of A. W. Clement. 
 
 On Potter Street, John Thomson established a 
 pottery in 1805, and about 1808 sold the business 
 to Richard W. Snowdon, son of Richard, and then 
 a young man, who continued the business until his 
 
0^^'-C^f^C^ 
 
 ^-^tA~K^ 
 
THE BOROUGH OF HADDONFIELD. 
 
 615 
 
 death, October 29, 1868, from which time it was 
 continued until 1883, by his son Richard. It is 
 still in operation. 
 
 The Business Interests or Haddonfield in 
 1835. — The first business places on the east side of 
 Main Street, for the year named, was a store kept 
 by Samuel M. Reeves, now the site of Clement & 
 Giflan's store; above were shops of Isaac Albertson, 
 wheelwright; Edward Raynolds, gunsmith; Daniel 
 Fortiner, blacksmith; Turner Risdon, harness- 
 maker; and Charles Lippincott, tailor; next was 
 the engine-house; above was Franklin Eggman, 
 tailor; and on the corner of Potter Street was a 
 store kept by James M. Glover. On the west side 
 of the street, from the south end, and on the corner 
 of Tanner Street, Samuel H. Burroughs had a 
 cabinet shop; above was the tavern of Enoch 
 Clemens, and stores kept by Franklin Eggman and 
 David Roe ; the drug store of Thomas Redman ; 
 tailor shop of Isaac MiddletOn ; tavern and store 
 of Thomas A. Pearce ; and shoe shop of Spencer 
 Kirby. On the site of the Methodist Church, 
 Samuel Thackara had a blacksmith shop, and 
 above was Daniel Garrett's shoe shop. 
 
 As Haddonfield increased in size, and the sur- 
 rounding country became settled, the several 
 mechanical industries were developed, which at- 
 tracted the people of a large section of the sur- 
 rounding country to the place, and made it the 
 centre of considerable trade. Carriage-builders, 
 wagon-makers, blacksmiths, carpenters, masons, 
 tailors, cabinet-makers, shoemakers, tanners, and 
 other branches were carried on here, and of these 
 each generally had several apprentices and con- 
 sumed a large amount of material in each branch. 
 Apprentices were indentured t(3 serve until twenty- 
 one years of age, to be taught the " art and 
 mystery " of the business, to serve their masters 
 faithfully, to be allowed one week's "harvest" 
 each year, and at the end of their term to receive a 
 full suit of "freedoms," which was the name ap- 
 plied to a new suit of clothes — from hat to shoes — 
 received on such occasion. By the week's harvest, 
 which each apprentice was allowed, he obtained 
 his pocket-money for the coming year. He was 
 careful, therefore, to fill each day in some farmer's 
 grain-field, and for which he would receive the 
 " going wages." Farmers looked to this source 
 for their supply of harvest hands, and, when the 
 grain began to ripen, would arrange among them- 
 selves the days to cut the grain, and come into 
 the village and notify the apprentices accord- 
 ingly. When learning to reap the apprentice 
 was known as a cub or half-hand, and the butt of 
 the older boys in his awkwardness and waste of 
 
 grain. Soon, however, he would rank among the 
 best, and stand ready to rally the next boy for his 
 like inexperience. The system of apprenticeship, 
 from various causes, gradually fell into disuse, and 
 for many years past not a boy has been indentured 
 in this region. The effect has been to leave the 
 country bare of skilled workmen, and to necessitate 
 the introduction of foreign labor to fill the place. 
 This is felt in every branch of mechanics, and will 
 not be remedied except the old path be followed. 
 Machinery has done much to simplify and expedite 
 many kinds of work, but nothing is lost when a 
 workman is employed whose early instruction has 
 fitted him for the task set before him. 
 
 David Roe, Se.— The 'Roe family, one of the 
 oldest in Gloucester County, N. J., is of Scotch- 
 Irish ancestry, and settled in the province of New 
 Jersey as early as 1700. The first one of the fam- 
 ily of whom anything definite is known was Abra- 
 ham Roe, the father of Henry Roe, who was born 
 in Blackwoodtown May 20, 1754. He (Henry Roe) 
 married Miss Ann Jaggard, born October 4, 1760, 
 whose father, James Jaggard, was a large owner 
 of land in and around Blackwoodtown. In 1762 Mr. 
 Jaggard deeded to his daughter Ann the farm now 
 owned by Dr. Joseph B. Roe, which farm has since 
 remained in the family. Henry Roe was a man of 
 fine character, and, like his ancestors, a Presbyte- 
 rian of the old school. He was an elder and lib- 
 eral supporter of the Woodbury Presbyterian 
 Church. He served through the war for independ- 
 ence and held the rank of major. To Mr. and 
 Mrs. Roe were born twelve children, ten of whom 
 grew to maturity. Of his sons, William and Rob- 
 ert served in the War of 1812. Another son^ 
 Henry — was of a literary turn, and in his boyhood 
 cared more for his Latin grammar than for farm 
 implements. He became a professor in a college 
 at Annapolis, Md. He died of cholera in 1829. 
 David Roe, the youngest son, was born on the 
 home farm February 4, 1800, and grew to manhood 
 there. His education was acquired at the Wood- 
 bury Academy, and was superior to that obtained 
 by most farm sons of that time. 
 
 About the year 1821 he removed to Haddonfield, 
 N. J., and commenced merchandising by opening 
 a "country store," where everything was expected 
 to be found for sale. By attention to business, 
 anticipating the wants of the people and a careful 
 system of accounts, his success was marked. In a 
 few years after, he began the purchase of real es- 
 tate and made some ventures in farming. Attracted 
 to this line of employment, and finding it better 
 for his health, he gradually increased his acres un- 
 til he had sufficient land to require his whole at- 
 
616 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 tention. He closed out his business as a merchant, 
 and became one of the best and most systematic 
 agriculturists in the neighborhood. His theory 
 was that soil properly fertilized and cultivated 
 made the best return, and the more liberally this 
 theory was followed the more successful was the 
 farmer. This idea was applied to his stock, his 
 utensils and his workmen, — claiming that the best 
 was always the most economical. 
 
 He was a man of decided convictions, and for 
 several years an elder in the Presbyterian Church, 
 the obligations of which he discharged conscien- 
 tiously and acceptably to the society. He became 
 an active opponent of the sale and use of intoxi- 
 cating liquors, and at a time when such sen- 
 timents had but few advocates, and were generally 
 unpopular. In no way discouraged, he pressed 
 his opinions on this question on all proper occa- 
 sions ; and, as it was shown that his precepts were 
 no more observable than his example, and con- 
 trolled by a disinterested and moral motive, every 
 one admired his consistency, if they did not accept 
 his practice. The use of liquors among his work- 
 men was not allowed, and even during harvest he 
 adhered to the rule, and at last convinced those 
 employed by him that its use was not beneficial. 
 His conversion to this belief was due to a careful 
 and thorough study of the subject, and, as an evi- 
 dence of his strong conviction of the harm caused 
 by the use of liquor, it is known that he destroyed 
 a large quantity he had in his store, believing that 
 it would be as wrong to return it to those from 
 whom he obtained it as to sell it himself. 
 
 In his family he was a model husband and fath- 
 er, and while strict as to moral and religious prin- 
 ciples, he was indulgent and lenient in a marked 
 degree in all other matters. In politics he was a 
 Whig, but never a politician. 
 , Mr. Roe was married, on the 3d of February, 
 1825, — ^the ceremony being performed in Philadel- 
 phia by Mayor Robert Wharton,— to Miss Rebecca 
 Say Bispham, of Moorestown, who was the daugh- 
 ter of Joseph and Susan Bispham, born in Phila- 
 delphia, on Market Street, between Front and Sec- 
 ond Streets, on November 6, 1797. Mr. Roe died 
 May 24, 1855. 
 
 The children of David and Rebecca Roe were 
 Henry, who married Miss Clark, and is now en- 
 gaged in farming in Missouri ; Susan B., married 
 to James Murphy, a retired Philadelphia merchant ; 
 Rebecca B., married to Charles O. Morris, of Eliz- 
 abeth, N. J., now engaged in banking in New 
 York; Anna R., married to Clinton Morris, of 
 Elizabeth ; David, who now owns and resides upon 
 the farm in Haddonfield, owned by Mr. Roe at the 
 
 time of his death. On this farm David, Jr., has 
 resided half a century. He married Miss Ella 
 Caldwell, of Philadelphia. Joseph B., who mar- 
 ried Miss Mary Caldwell, graduated from the 
 University of Pennsylvania (Philadelphia) as a 
 physician and surgeon, and served during the Re- 
 bellion, as a surgeon, in the Philadelphia Hospital. 
 Like all of his brothers, he is a strong Republican, 
 and is the only politician in the family. He has 
 held various township offices, and represented his 
 district in the Legislature. 
 
 Samuel C. Albeetson was born near Mount 
 Ephraim, not far distant from where William Al- 
 bertson, the emigrants and his ancestors settled, 
 and within the limits of old Newton township. 
 He was a son of Samuel and Rachel (Collins) Al- 
 bertson, and born February 6, 1 802. 
 
 He was apprenticed to Stephen Kirby, a tailor 
 in Haddonfield, and when he attained his majority 
 went to the city of Charleston, South Carolina. 
 Finding the climate unhealthy, he returned to 
 Philadelphia, and was employed by Enoch Allen 
 until he removed to the city of New York. He 
 was among the first to develop the ready-made 
 clothing business in that city, which business has 
 now grown to such large proportions. Strict atten- 
 tion and fair dealing in the midst of a rapidly in- 
 creasing population assured his success. 
 
 Upon the death of his brother Isaac, in 1835, he 
 relinquished his business in New York and re- 
 turned to Haddonfield, where he resided during 
 the remainder of his life. He saw the increase of 
 the metropolis in population and commerce, and 
 in his later visits there scarcely recognized many 
 of the places formerly so familiar to him — the 
 march of improvement was so rapid. Although 
 reticent about his private affairs, yet he always re- 
 sponded liberally when charity demanded. He 
 never married and died May 30, A.D. 1884. 
 
 Fmendship Fike Company. — On March 8, 
 1V64, at a meeting of the male inhabitants of the 
 town, a fire company^ was organized. At this 
 meeting articles of association were drawn up, 
 the preamble of which is as follows : 
 
 "The eighth day ot the third month, called March, in the year of 
 our Lord, one thousand seven hundred and sixty-four, we whose 
 Names are here unto subscribed, reposing Special Confidence in each 
 other's Friendship, Do, for the Better preserving our own and our 
 Neighbors' Houses, Goods and effects from fire. Mutually agree In 
 Manner following. That is to say." 
 
 This is followed by ten articles which recite 
 that each member shall provide two leather 
 
 1 The above sketch of the company was compiled from the minute- 
 book of the company, from 1764 to 1846, now in the possession of 
 William H. Snowdeu. 
 
afnu^'i 
 
 SeiL 
 
 4 on. 
 
THE BOROUGH OE HADDONFIELD. 
 
 eif 
 
 buckets, marked witt their name, at his own 
 expense, and that the company shall provide six 
 ladders and three fire-hooks. The names of mem- 
 bers were Samuel Clement, Thomas Bedman, Wil- 
 liam Griscom, John Matlack, Jr., Isaac Kay, John 
 Hinchman, Robert Friend Price, John Langdale, 
 Jacob Clement, John Gill, Thomas Champion, 
 James Davis, John Githens, Samuel Clement, Jr., 
 Thomas Cummings, Edward Gibbs, Hugh Creigh- 
 ton, Joseph Collins, Caspar Smith, Benjamin 
 Hartley, Benjamin Vanleer, Thomas Redman, 
 Jr., Thomas Edgerton, Ebenezer Hopkins, Thomas 
 Githens and William Edgerton. 
 
 At a meeting September 6, 1764, it was agreed 
 that the ladders of the company shall be stationed 
 as follows : Two at John Gill's, two at the old stable 
 and two at Samuel Clement, Jr.'s. September 5, 
 1765, Edward Gibbs reported the fire-hooks fin- 
 ished, and presented his bill for fifteen shillings 
 for the same. At a meeting May 7, 1767, John 
 Langdale, clerk, reported that he found four of the 
 ladders at the meeting-house, and the other two in 
 Aspden's old loft, and that the buckets were all in 
 good order. Joseph Collins requested his name 
 to be " razed out," which was granted. At a 
 meeting May 7, 1778, William Griscom reported 
 his buckets " missing since the late fire, and are 
 supposed to be lost." > The company ordered 
 them to be replaced if not found. 
 
 The members of the company in 1792 were Isaac 
 Kay, John Gill, Edward Gibbs, Hugh Creigh- 
 ton, Thomas Redman, Samuel Kennard, Esq., 
 Thomas Githens, Nathaniel Clement, William 
 Doughten, James Hartley, Jacob Cox, John Mid- 
 dleton, John Ward, Jeremiah Elfreth, Benjamin 
 H. Tallman, Turner Risdon, John Branson, Evan 
 Clement, William Foster, James Davis, Samuel 
 Clement, John Clement, Isaac Kay, John Githens 
 and John Roberts. 
 
 New ladders were made in 1794. During the 
 years 1795-96 no meetings were held, and a call 
 was made for the 7th of October, 1797, which was 
 well attended and new members admitted. On 
 March 12, 1808, there were but ten members at 
 the meeting ; eighteen new members were admitted. 
 Prior to this time the company met in the Friends' 
 Meeting-house, and from this time in the school- 
 house. A constitution was adopted on June 9, 
 1811, and article first provided that each member 
 should have in his possession " two buckets and 
 one bag, and string, consisting of three yards of 
 
 1 William Griscom lived at that time in the house now Isaac A. 
 Braddock's. It was used part of the time during the Bevolution- 
 ary War m a guard-house, and a frame building adjoining was set- 
 on fire by the Hessians and destroyed. 
 
 linen, at least three-quarters of a yard wide." 
 Article seventh arranged for providing a fund for 
 sinking wells, and the purchase of a hose and en- 
 gine. To this constitution there were thirty-two 
 subscribers. At a special meeting held at the 
 Friends' Meeting-house, January 29, 1818, it was 
 agreed that all money collected " shall be appro- 
 priated for the express purpose of digging public 
 wells and putting pumps in them, in such places 
 in the town as shall be designated by the com- 
 pany." A subscription paper was laid before the 
 meeting for the purpose of procuring an engine by 
 subscription. A committee was appointed to visit 
 the citizens for the purpose and to examine and 
 inquire the cost of a suitable engine for the town. 
 This committee reported, at a meeting February 
 19th, that they had received subscriptions to the 
 amount of four hundred and thirteen dollars, and 
 that they had examined several engines,' and rec- 
 ommended one of Perkins patent, which could be 
 obtained for three hun(Jred dollars, with a warrant 
 for ten years, and privilege of returning within 
 three years if not satisfactory. The committee was 
 authorized to purchase the engine as soon as pos- 
 sible. A committee was appointed to purchase a 
 lot on Main Street, between the lot of Elizabeth 
 Rowand and Jeremiah Elfreth's corner, for the 
 purpose of erecting an engine-house. At the next 
 meeting, March 5, 1818, reports were made that 
 the engine was under contract to be completed 
 April 1st, and that the Friends offered to allow the 
 company to occupy the grounds at the end of their 
 horse-sheds, on the east side of the street, for the 
 purpose of erecting an engine-house. The offer 
 was accepted, and John Roberts and Joseph Porter 
 were appointed to build the house thereon. At 
 this meeting it was agreed to sink three wells in 
 the main street, fourteen feet from the line of the 
 street, — one on the line between Rachel Hanold's 
 and Elizabeth Hartley's (now property of Charles 
 H. Hillman), one on the line between Sarah Day's 
 and Samuel Champion's (now in front of the lot of 
 George Horter), the other one to be at the small 
 bridge below Richard Dickson's tavern, on the west 
 side of the street. These wells are all in use and 
 provided with suitable pumps. The one in front 
 of Mr. Horter's was near the market-house, when 
 that was built later, and is now covered by a flag- 
 stone. July 18, 1818, six members were chosen as 
 engineers, whose duty it should be to exercise the 
 engine on the last Saturday of every month, at 
 which time the company were to assist with their 
 buckets. Ill 1828 twelve buckets were purchased, 
 to be placed in the engine-house. In 1830 a well 
 was ordered to be sunk on the back street. At a 
 
618 
 
 HISTOKY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 special meeting held January 16, 1841, the engine, 
 engine-house, wells and pumps were ordered to be 
 put in complete repair. A committee was author- 
 ized to invite the Rowandtown Fire Company to 
 join the company. No mention is made concerning 
 the Rowandtown Company in later minutes, and 
 it is presumed the invitation was not accepted. 
 About 1846 a new iire-engine was purchased 
 which is the one now in use. 
 
 The company kept its organization until 1851, 
 when it was absorbed into the Haddonfield Fire 
 Department, which was incorporated by act of 
 Assembly dated February 21, 1851, but as the 
 department was not organized in accordance with 
 the provisions of the act, a supplement was passed 
 February 7, 1854. It is evident that the depart- 
 ment was not organized until three years later, 
 February 21, 1857, when a meeting was held at 
 the house of Samuel Githens, and the department 
 was organized by the election of Richard W. 
 Snowden, Esq., as presidejit ; Jacob L. Rowand, 
 secretary ; and a treasurer and a board of man- 
 agers. It was agreed that one thousand dollars be 
 raised by tax for the use of the department. Feb- 
 ruary 26th a committee was appointed to make 
 inquiries as to the best method to procure an 
 abundant supply of water, to ascertain cost of hose, 
 branch-pipes and other fixtures, and to have the 
 public pumps of the town put in good repair, to 
 procure hooks, chains, ladders, hose-carriage and 
 suitable building in which to keep the supply of 
 the department. March 7, 1857, a committee was 
 directed . to purchase a suction-engine and three 
 hundred feet of copper-riveted hose. February 15, 
 1858, the managers recommended to the depart- 
 ment to raise by tax three hundred dollars for the 
 purpose of erecting a new engine-house and for 
 other purposes. The board of managers made an 
 annual report March 5, 1858, in which they state 
 that there were five wells, six feet in diameter and 
 twenty-seven feet in depth, and the old wells put 
 in repair ; fire-engine repaired, three hundred 
 and ten feet of hose, and necessary connections 
 and branch-pipes, a set of new ladders, fire-hooks, 
 chains, and a hook-and-ladder cart, and a house on 
 the town lot voted at last town-meeting for lad- 
 ders, etc. The board at this meeting called the 
 attention of the department to the dilapidated 
 condition of the engine-house, and recommended 
 that application be made at the next town-meeting 
 for the privilege of erecting an engine-house on 
 the town lot next to the Friends' grave-yard, and 
 that three hundred dollars be raised by tax for the 
 purpose. Permission was granted, and an engine- 
 house was built on the town lot, east of the Town 
 
 Hall, which was used until a few years since, 
 when the present rooms were fitted for the purpose 
 in the first floor of the Town Hall. The minutes 
 of the department are missing from 1858 to May 1, 
 1872. At a meeting held on the latter date, Isaac 
 A. Braddock, of a committee, reported the en- 
 gine-house enlarged, and a new force-pump pur- 
 chased for one hundred and sixty-nine dollars, 
 which was mounted on wheels. June 9, 1874, it was 
 reported that consent was given to dig a cistern 
 with capacity of ten thousand gallons, and also 
 the purchase of three hundred feet of rubber hose. 
 On the 10th of February, 1875, proposals were 
 made for four new wells and one cistern in the 
 town. They were contracted for and completed 
 May 1 st following. Upon the incorporation of the 
 borough of Haddonfield, in March, 1875, the Fire 
 Department was placed in charge of the borough 
 commissioners, who have kept the department in 
 good order. The engine is available for use and 
 supplied with hose, wells and other apparatus. 
 The town is supplied with wells and cisterns, and 
 the department is now under the charge of Samuel 
 P. Hunt. 
 
 Old Tavekns. — The first reliable data of a tav- 
 ern-license being granted within the limits of Had- 
 donfield is found in the old town-book of Newton 
 township, in which mention is made, in 1733, of 
 Thomas Perrywebb being assessed as a tavern- 
 keeper. He lived on the corner of Ellis and Main 
 Streets, on the site of Clement & Giffins' store. In 
 1737 he was a blacksmith, and had a shop at that 
 place. A brick building which stood on the west 
 side of Tanner Street, near Main, owned by Eliza- 
 beth Estaugh, was used as a tavern many years be- 
 fore the Revolution. The house of Sarah Norris, 
 on the site of Aaron W. Clement's house, was also 
 used as a tavern before the Revolution. The pres- 
 ent " American House " was built, in 1750, by Tim- 
 othy Matlack, who purchased the property in 1732. 
 It was sold soon after to Mathias Aspden, by whose 
 son, Mathias, it was sold, in 1767, to Thomas 
 Redman, who. May 1, 1777, conveyed it to Hugh 
 Creighton, who, in 1754, was running a fulling- 
 mill in the township. The Council of Safety and 
 the Legislature of New Jersey met in this tavern 
 before he became the landlord, and several times 
 after, during that year. Creighton was " mine host " 
 until 1790, when he sold the property to John Bur- 
 roughs, who kept it until February 24, 1804, when 
 he sold to Samuel Denny, who, March 28, 1805, con- 
 veyed it to John Roberts. Denny was the landlord 
 and continued many years. Among the landlords 
 who have since occupied this house are Thomas A. 
 Pearce, Samuel Githens, Theodore Humphries, 
 
THE BOROUGH OF HADDONFIELD. ' 
 
 619 
 
 Samuel 0. Smitt, Samuel E. Shivers, Edward 
 Brick, Steelman & Brick, John Plum and George 
 W. Stillwell, who ia the present landlord, and came 
 into possession February 24, 1874. 
 
 The present post-oflBce building was erected in 
 1777 by Edward Gibbs, for a tavern, and kept by 
 him during the Revolutionary War and later. In 
 1818 it was kept by Richard Dickson, in 1821 by 
 Joseph C. Stafford, later by Enoch Clemens, who 
 was also postmaster. Samuel Githens was landlord 
 at this house before taking the American. The last 
 to keep the house as a hotel was George Higbee. 
 In 1873 the town and township voted " no license," 
 since which time Haddonfield has been without 
 liquor sold in public places, and the result proves 
 that a town can thrive without it, despite the oft- 
 repeated saying that the sale of whiskey gives life 
 to a place. 
 
 The Post-Offices and Postmasters. — The 
 first definite knowledge of the establishment of a 
 post-oifice in Haddonfield is in the fact that on 
 the 12th of July, 1803, John Clement was appointed 
 deputy postmaster, as then termed, by Gideon 
 Granger, Postmaster-General of the United States. 
 There were at that time no stage-routes through 
 the town, and mails arrived irregularly. About 
 1824 a route was established between Haddonfield 
 and Camden, on which coaches carrying mails were 
 run twice a week. About 1828 Joseph Porter was 
 appointed and the ofiice was kept in his store, then 
 on the corner of Main and Potter Streets. A route 
 was soon after established from Philadelphia to 
 Leeds Point. Porter was succeeded by James M. 
 Glover, who kept store at the same place. The 
 oflSce next passed to Enoch Clemens, who kept 
 tavern in the present post-ofiice building. He was 
 succeeded by Adrian Paul, who removed the of- 
 fice to his store, now Clement & Giffins. Mr. Paul 
 was succeeded by James Jobson, harness- maker, 
 who moved the ofiice to his shop, then in the Odd- 
 Fellows' Hall building. He was succeeded by 
 Alfred W. Clement in 1861, who kept the office in 
 his store during his incumbency in office for sev- 
 eral terms, which extended to September, 1885, 
 with the exception of six months, when Jacob P. 
 Fowler served as postmaster, by appointment 
 under Andrew Johnson. Thomas Hill, the present 
 incumbent, was appointed by President Cleveland, 
 and removed the office to the old tavern property, 
 where it still continues. 
 
 Incorporation of Haddonfield. — The town 
 was incorporated as a borough by an act of Legis- 
 lature approved March 24, 1875. 
 
 The powers granted under this act were very 
 limited^ being confined to the election of five com- 
 
 missioners, who were vested with the powers of 
 township officers and the right to pass and enforce 
 ordinances to regulate and light streets, grade side- 
 walks, take measures to suppress fires, etc. The 
 first election was held April 6th of the same year, 
 and the following-named persons were chosen 
 commissioners : John H. Lippincott, Joseph F. 
 Kay, Alfred W. Clement, Nathan Lippincott and 
 Samuel P. Hunt. The present board is composed 
 of Adrian C. Paul, Joseph F. Kay, Alfred W. 
 Clement, Samuel P. Hunt and J. Morris Rob- 
 erts. 
 
 The Haddonfield Library Company was 
 organized by members of the Society of Friends on 
 the Third Month 5, 1803. A meeting was held at 
 the school-house on the meeting-house lot, on the 
 date given above, in pursuance to a public notice. 
 James Hopkins, was chosen chairman and Ste- 
 phen M. Day secretary. A plan was proposed 
 and considered by paragraphs and a vote of the 
 meeting taken on each section. The preamble re- 
 cites that the company is organized under the act 
 of Assembly dated November 22, 1794. Article 4 
 declai'es that the trustees " shall not admit into the 
 library any atheistical or deistical books, and as 
 the Society of Friends advise against the reading 
 of plays, novels and romances, for the use of this 
 class of the members,it is further declared that in 
 making choice of books of those denominations, 
 care shall be taken not to admit such as are of vain, 
 immoral or corrupting tendency." 
 
 The names of the nineteen original subscribers 
 are Thomas Redman, Andrew Caldwell, John 
 Blackwood, James Hurley,. Joseph C. Swett, 
 William E. Hopkins, Samuel Middleton, John 
 Gill, Samuel W. Harrison, Jacob Middleton, Jo- 
 seph Griffith, Josiah Matlack, Charles Collins, 
 John Clement, Samuel Zane, Benjamin Hop- 
 kins, Benjamin Morgan, James Hopkins, and 
 John Roberts. The persons who soon after 
 became subscribers were Thomas Preston, Edward 
 Z. Collings, Jacob Stokes, John Githens, John 
 Barton, John Branson, Matthias Kay, Robert 
 Rowand, Dr. Bowman Hendry, Daniel Fortiner, 
 John Burrough, Jr., John Stokes, Joseph Bates 
 (inn-keeper), James Graysbury, Joseph Githens, 
 Joseph Hugg, Joseph Champion, Abraham 
 Inskeep, John Kay, Edward Collins, Wallace 
 Lippincott, Charles French, Aaron Kay, James 
 Hartley, Abel Nicholson, Samuel Brown, Jr., Ben- 
 jamin Kay, Joseph Z. Collings, Samuel Hopkins, 
 Joseph Burrough, Jr., Dr. Samuel Bloomfield, 
 Mahlon Matlack, Samuel Ellis, Aquilla Stokes, 
 Joshua Lippincott, Richard Snowden, David 
 Doughten, Levi Ellis, John Est. Hopkins, Isaac 
 
620 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Glover, Israel Morris, Luke W. Morris, Isaac Kay 
 and William Todd. 
 
 The shares of stock of the company were placed 
 at eight dollars each ; the nineteen original sub- 
 scribers took thirty-two shares. At a meeting 
 March 8th in the same year John Clement was 
 chosen librarian and clerk. A certificate of incor- 
 poration was drawn up March 12th, which was 
 filed April 4th following ; over fifty volumes were 
 presented to the company by Andrew Caldwell, 
 John Evans and Joshua Cresson, the last two 
 being merchants of Philadelphia. A committee 
 was appointed to purchase books. The library 
 was kept and meetings held in the Friends' School- 
 house from the date of organization until 1851. 
 From that time until it was located in its present 
 rooms, about 1877, it was kept at various places. 
 It was provided in the constitution that the library 
 should be open from 7 to 9 o'clock on each week 
 day evening, from 8 to 5 p.m. on seventh day of 
 every week and from 11.80 to 12.30 A.M. on every fifth 
 day of the week. This provision has been strictly 
 complied with. In 1817 the library had accumu- 
 lated five hundred volumes. On the 23d of No- 
 vember, 1854, the Haddon Institute was organized 
 at the Grove School-house, for the purpose of es- 
 tablishing a lecture course and literary institute. 
 On March 17, 1855, the library company passed a 
 resolution uniting the library with the institute. 
 The institute was short-lived, closing in 1856, 
 when the books were again placed under the man- 
 agement of the original company, and so continued 
 until the present time. In 1875 the Haddonfield 
 Library Company was again incorporated. It at 
 present contains over sixteen hundred volumes 
 and the number is constantly increasing. It is 
 now under charge of the following ofiicers: 
 Trustees, John H. Lippincott, Charles S. Brad- 
 dock, Charles Rhoads, John Gill, William H. Shy- 
 rock, Joseph G. Evans and Samuel A. Willits ; 
 Librarian, Charles F. Redman. 
 
 The Friends in Haddonfield.— The early 
 settlement of this region of country was on the 
 middle branch of Newton Creek, where, in 1684, a 
 Friends' Meeting-house was built. Later, the Had- 
 don estate, on the King's highway near Coopers 
 Creek, became a desirable place for location, and 
 many new-comers settled there. At the Friends' 
 Meeting at Newton the propriety of organizing a 
 new meeting was considered, and about 1720 a log 
 meeting-house, larger and more comfortable than 
 the one at Newton, was built near the King's 
 Highway, and meetings were held there. In 1721 
 Elizabeth Estaugh returned to England, and pro- 
 cured a deed from her father for one acre of land 
 
 on which the meeting-house was built. It was 
 deeded in trust to William Evans, Joseph Cooper, 
 Jr., and John Cooper. In 1782 John Estaugh and 
 Elizabeth, his wife (the Haddon property having 
 been transferred to them), conveyed to trustees, 
 for the use of the Society of Friends, one and a 
 quarter acres adjoining the meeting-house lot. At 
 that time the trustees were John Mickle, Thomas 
 Stokes, Timothy Matlack, Constantine Wood, 
 Joshua Lord, Joseph Tomlinson, Ephraim Tom- 
 jinson, Joseph Kaighn, John Hollinshead, Josiah 
 Foster and William Foster. In 1768 the remain- 
 ing trustees conveyed to John Gill, Joshua Stokes, 
 Nathaniel Lippincott, Samuel Webster, John 
 Glover, James Cooper, John Lord, John E. Hop- 
 kins, John Brown, Isaac Ballinger and David 
 Cooper, who had been appointed to receive the 
 trust. In 1828 all the trustees last -mentioned were 
 deceased, and Samuel Webster, as oldest son of 
 Samuel Webster, the survivors of the trustees, 
 continued the trust to others appointed for the 
 same purpose. In March, 1754, the township of 
 Newton purchased of Elizabeth Estaugh a half- 
 acre of ground for a burial-place for the poor. 
 This lot was found not convenient, and exchange 
 was made with John E. Hopkins for a quarter of 
 an acre of land adjoining the Friends' Meeting- 
 house and burial-lot, the deed for which passed 
 December 24, 1755; The name " Poor's Burying- 
 Ground" after a time became objectionable, and 
 by a vote of the town authorities March 8, 1808, 
 the name was changed to " Strangers Burying- 
 Ground,'' in obedience to a request in a memorial 
 presented by Thomas Redman and other Friends 
 at the Town Meeting. The plot was placed under 
 their charge, embraced in their grounds and is at 
 present a part thereof. In 1760 the old log meet- 
 ing-house was removed to the opposite side of the 
 Ferry road and a brick house, more commodious, 
 was erected upon its site. This house was in use 
 until 1851, when a tract of land containing about 
 three acres, north of the meeting-house lot, was 
 purchased and the present brick meeting-house 
 was erected. In 1787 the brick school-house was 
 built on the west part of the meeting-house lot and 
 for many years it was the only school-house in the 
 town. In it the town-meetings and elections were 
 held for many years. A frame addition was made 
 to it later on the west side, on which the library of 
 the Haddonfield Association was kept many years. 
 The old building, having been enlarged, is still in 
 use as a dwelling and school-house. 
 
 The efibrts of George Keith in 1689, when he 
 was an earnest supporter of the faith and doctrine 
 of the Society of Friends, to endeavor to place the 
 
THE BOROUGH OF HADDONFIELD. 
 
 621 
 
 society securely upon the doctrine of the trinity, 
 did not die out with his separation from the 
 society, as the seed he then sowed grew slowly and 
 brought forth its fruit in the division of the society 
 in 1828. To quote from William Hodgson, a 
 Friend : " George Keith had been an eminent 
 instrument in the gathering of people called 
 Quakers from the barren mountains of empty 
 profession to the green pastures and still waters of 
 pure, life-giving Christianity." Keith insisted that 
 the society should clearly define the doctrine of 
 the inner light, which they failed to do, and in 
 1691 he left the society and in 1692 the Burlington 
 Yearly Meeting published a declaration of disunity 
 against him. Keith returned to England and in 
 1700 was admitted to Holy Orders in the Episcopal 
 Church, returned to this country, and with many 
 of the Friends of rank, wealth and influence, who 
 were in sympathy with his views, united in form- 
 ing the Episcopal Church in New Jersey. Others 
 in sympathy with him formed a society called 
 Keithian or Christian Quakers. Many were dealt 
 with by the society and disowned. It was not until 
 1827-28 that the great "separation" occurred in 
 the society, when those who believed with Elias 
 Hicks became generally known as the Hicksite 
 Friends and their opponents as the Orthodox 
 Friends. After this the two branches continued 
 using the meeting-house, divided by a partition, 
 until its destruction by the Orthodox Friends, in 
 1851, when the Orthodox built their present house 
 near the main Street and the Hicksites theirs on 
 Ellis Street. 
 
 The Public Friends who have ministered to the 
 meeting at Haddonfield have been quite numerous. 
 There were many visiting friends who were prom- 
 inent speakers. It is not known who were the 
 regular speakers or ministers before 1700, but 
 probably Friends from the meetings in Philadel- 
 phia or Burlington. In that year John Estaugh 
 came to this country and in 1702 became connected 
 with this meeting, then at Newton. He remained 
 in connection until his death, in 1742. His wife, 
 Elizabeth, survived him and died in 1762. Han- 
 nah, the wife of Joseph Cooper, also a public 
 Friend, was a speaker in England and in 1732 
 married Joseph Cooper, of Newton township. In 
 1739 she went on a religious visit to Barbadoes. 
 She died in 1754. John Griffith, a leading public 
 Friend of London, made a religious visit to this 
 country, which extended from 1736 to 1766. He 
 ministered several times during that period at 
 Haddonfield. His journal was published in 
 London in 1779. Thomas Redman, the first of the 
 name who resided in Haddonfield, was also a 
 75 
 
 public Friend and traveled much. He died in 
 1766. His son, Thomas Redman, followed him 
 and was a staunch supporter of the faith and 
 principles of the Society, and for his adherence to 
 the principles was imprisoned in Gloucester jail 
 eight weeks, from January 20, 1777, to March 18th 
 following. Joseph Tomlinson came to the country 
 about 1686 and was in the household of Thomas 
 Sharp. He became a preacher and was highly 
 respected. He died in 1719. His son Ephraira 
 was born in 1695 and died in 1780. He was held 
 in high estimation as a preacher and for his 
 consistent life. Joshua Lord was one of the 
 trustees of Woodbury Friends' Meeting in 1696, 
 and also a trustee of Haddonfield Meeting in 
 1732. Joshua Lord was trustee of Haddonfield 
 Meeting in 1771. The last-named was a prominent 
 minister. Joshua Evans, from about the time of 
 the Revolution, was also a minister. He resided 
 on the Cuthbert farm. Benjamin Swett and his 
 wife were preachers of the meeting many years. 
 Elizabeth L. Redman, wife of Thomas Redman 
 and mother of John, Charles and Sarah, was an 
 acceptable preacher. The present public Friends 
 of this Orthodox Meeting are Charles Rhoades 
 and his sister Deborah. 
 
 Marriages. — The following is a list of the mar- 
 riages of the Haddonfield Meeting as obtained 
 from the early records from 1720 to 1800 : 
 
 1720. Timothy Matlack to Mary Haines. 
 
 Jedediab Adams to Margaret ChriBtian. 
 Joshua Baper to Sarah Cooper. 
 Thomas Adams to Hannah Sharp. 
 
 1722. Samuel Nicholson to Sarah Burrough. 
 Thomas Ellis to Catharine Collins. 
 
 1723. Samuel Burrough to Ann Gray. 
 Joseph Mickle to Elizabeth Eastlack. 
 
 1724:. James Wills to Sarah Clement. 
 
 Thomas Sharp to Elizabeth Smith. 
 1726. John Hudson to Hannah Wright. 
 
 Kobert Jones to Sarah Siddon. 
 
 Isaao Albertson to Bachel Haines. 
 
 1726. John Burrough to Phebe Haines. 
 John Wills to Elizabeth Kaighn. 
 
 1727. Joseph Kaighn to Mary Estaugh. 
 Ephi"aim Tomlinson to Sarah Corbit. 
 James Cattle to Mary Engle, widow. 
 
 1728. John Hainea to Jane Smith. 
 Isaac Knight to EUzabeth Wright. 
 
 1729. Thomas Wnght to Maiy Thackara. 
 John Turner to Jane Engle. 
 
 1730. Timothy Matlack to Martha Haines. 
 Samuel Sharp to Mary Tomlinson. 
 John Kay to Sarah Ellis. 
 Bartholomew Wyat to Elizabeth Tomlinson. 
 David Price to Grace Zane. 
 
 1731. Daniel Morgan to Mary Haines, widow. 
 
 1732. William Mickle to Sarah Wright. 
 
 1733. Samuel Abbott to Hannah Foster. 
 Thomas Egerton to Sarah Stephens. 
 
 Richard Bidgood to Hannah Burrough, widow. 
 
 1734. Peter White to Kobecca Burr. 
 1736. Nathan Beaks to Elizabeth Hooten. 
 
622 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 1736. Edward Borton to Margaret TomlinsoD. 
 Thomas Bishop to Kachel Matlack. 
 Nathan Lippincott to Mary Engle. 
 
 1736. Walter Fawcett to Margarett Killings. 
 David Stratton to Mary Elkiuton. 
 
 1737. Jacob Taylor to Ann Andrewe. 
 Thomas Redman to Mercy Gill. 
 Jacob Howell to Mary Cooper. 
 Thomas Thome to Mary Harrison. 
 
 1738. Thomas Egerton to Esther Bates. 
 1730. JamesWhitallto Ann Cooper. 
 
 Charles French to Ann Clement. 
 Kobert Stevens to Ann Dent. 
 Isaac Lippincott to Hannah Engle. 
 Thomas Eakestraw to Mary Mason. 
 
 1740. Jacob Hinchman to Abigail Harrison. 
 
 1741. Samuel Stokes to Hannah Hinchman. 
 Thomas Stokes to Abigail Matlack. 
 William Albertson to Jane Turner. 
 Joshua Stokes to Amy Hinchman. 
 
 1742. Isaac Bun-ough to Deborah Jennings. 
 John Ashard to Mary Middleton. 
 
 1742. Thomas Hooten to Mercy Bates. 
 Samuel Mickle to Latitia Matlack. 
 
 1743. Henry Wood to Ruth Dennis. 
 Daniel Fortinerto Rebecca Smith. 
 Joseph Wilkina to Sarah Hartshorn. 
 Daniel Hillraan to Abigail Nicholson. 
 
 1744. Abraham Haines to Sarah Ellis. 
 Samuel Nicholson to Rebecca Saint. 
 John Warrington to Hannah EUia. 
 Job Siddou to Achsa Matlack. 
 
 1746. James Cooper to Deborah Matlack. 
 John Hillman to Hannah Nicholson. 
 Samuel Noble to Lydia Cooper. 
 
 1747. William Miller to Elizabeth Woodward. 
 Jacob Clement to Hannah Albertson. 
 
 1748. Joseph Snowden to Rebecca Howell. 
 Michael Lents to Rachel Richardson. 
 Samuel Clement to Ruth Evans. 
 Benjamin Champion to Ann Hewitt. 
 William Matlack to Mary Turner. 
 Samuel Collins to Rosanna Stokes, 
 
 1749. Samuel Nicboldson to Jane Albertson (widow). 
 James West to Mary Cooper. 
 
 Jacob Stoke& to Priucilla ElHs. 
 John Jaffereys to Mary Butcher. 
 Archibald Mickle to Mary Burrough. 
 
 1750. Thomas Hinchman to IfStitia Mickle (widow). 
 Jacob Ellis to Cassandra Albertson. 
 
 . John Branson to Sarah Sloan. 
 John Thome to Mary Gill (widow). , 
 John Barton to Elizabeth Champion. 
 Jonathan Fisher to Hannah Hutchison. 
 Simeon Breach to Mary Shores. 
 
 1751. Jacob Burrough to Sarah Throne. 
 Enoch Burrough to Deborah Middleton. 
 John Glover to Mary Thorno. 
 
 Joseph Bispham to Elizabeth Hinchman, 
 
 1752. Samuel Hugg to Elizabeth Collins. 
 Thomas Bates to Sarah Pancoast. 
 Restore Lippincott to Ann Lord. 
 Charles West to Hannah Cooper. 
 James Hinchman to Sarah Bickami. 
 
 1753. Joshua Evans to Priscilla Collins. 
 Nathan Beaks to Lydia Morgan. 
 Robert Stevens to Mary Kaigliu. 
 Jacob Burrough to Cassandra ElUsv 
 
 1754. Samuel Burrough to Hannah Spence. ' 
 
 1755. John Hillman to Mary Horner. 
 Isaac Ballingor to Patience Albertson, 
 
 1756. William Bates to EHxabeth Hwten. 
 
 1757. 
 1758. 
 
 1758. 
 1759. 
 
 1761. 
 
 1762. 
 
 1763. 
 1764. 
 
 1765. 
 
 1766. 
 
 1767. 
 
 1769. 
 1770. 
 
 1771, 
 
 1772. 
 
 1774. 
 
 Isaac Horner to Elizabeth Kay. 
 Josiah Burrough to Sarah Morgan. 
 Caleb Hughes to Abigail Ellis. 
 Samuel Clement to Beulah Evans. 
 Daniel Tomlinson to Mary Bates. 
 John Buzby to Sarah Ellis. 
 Samuel Tomlinson to Ann Burrough. 
 Joseph Morgan to Mary Stokes. 
 Thomas Thome to Abigail Burrough. 
 Samuel Webster to Sarah Albertson. 
 John Branson to Sarah Sloan. 
 John Starr to Eunice Lord. 
 John Brick to Abigail French. 
 Thomas Champion to Deborah Clark. 
 Chatfield Brown to Hannah Andrews. 
 Constantino Lord to Sarah Albertson. 
 John Sharp to Sarah Andrews. 
 Simeon Zaue to Sarah Hooten. 
 Elnathan Zane to Bathsaba Hartly. 
 Jacob Jenning to Mary Smith. 
 Richard Gibbs to Mary Burrough. 
 Jacob Cozens to Esther Zane. 
 John Mickle to Elizabeth E. Hopkins. 
 James Brown to Catharine Andrews. 
 John E. Hopkins to Sarah Mickle. 
 Stephen Thackara to Elizabeth Sloan. 
 David Davis to Martha Cole. 
 James Gardiner to Mary Tomlinson. 
 Jub Kjmsey to Elizabeth Eastlack. 
 James Whitall to Rebecca Matlack. 
 Caleb Lippincott to Ann Vinacomb. 
 James Starr to Elizabeth Lord. 
 James Cooper to Mary Mifflin (widow). 
 Ebenezer Hopkins to Ann Albertson. 
 Jonathan Knight to Elizabeth Delap. 
 William Cooper to Abigail Matlack. 
 Joseph Burrough to Mary Pine. 
 Griffith Morgan to Rebecca Clement. 
 Constantine Jeffreys to Patience Butcher. 
 Isaac Townsend to Katharine Albertson. 
 John Wilkins to Rachel Wood. 
 Josiah Albertson to Elinor Tomlinson. 
 Caleb Cresson to Sarah Hopkins. 
 John Redman to Sarah Branson. 
 Aquilla Jones to Elizabeth Cooper. 
 Joshua Lippencott to Elizabeth Wood. 
 Robert Cooper to Mary Hooper. 
 Mark Miller to Mary Redman. 
 John Gill to Abigail Hillman. 
 Jacob Haines to Bathsaba Burrough. 
 Samuel Brown to Rebecca Branson. 
 Job Whitall to Sarah Gill. 
 Joshua Cresson to Mary Hopkins. 
 James Sloan to Rachel Clement. 
 Jonathan Iredell to Elizabeth Hillman 
 Joseph Gibson to Sarah Haines. 
 Isaac Buzby to Martha Lippincott. , 
 Joseph Mickle to Hannah Burrough. 
 Thomas Wright to Mary Branson. 
 Benjamin C. Cooper to Ann Black. 
 Amos Cooper to Sarah Mickle. 
 Samuel Allison to Martha Cooper. 
 Geo. Ward to Ann Branson. 
 John Barton to Amy Shivers. 
 Joseph Reeve to Elizabeth Morgan. 
 Benjamin Catheral to Esther Brown. 
 Joshua Stretch to Lydia Tomlinson. 
 Wm. Zane to Elizabeth Hillman. 
 Wm. Kneas to Sarah Pederick. 
 James Stuart to Mary Ballanger. 
 Enoch Allen to Hannah Collins. 
 Joab Wills to Amy Gill. 
 
THE BOROUGH OF HADDONFIELD. 
 
 623 
 
 Wm. Edgarton to Tabitba Harrison. 
 
 John Haines to Hipparchia Hinchmau. 
 Caleb Lippiucottto Zilpah Shiiin. 
 
 1776. Nathaniel Barton to Rachel Stokes. 
 John Clement to Hannah Griscom. 
 Jonathan Brown to Sarah Ballinger. 
 
 1777. Samuel Tomlinsouto Martha Maaon. 
 Joshua Evans to Ann Kay. 
 
 Job Cowperthwaite to Ann Vickera. 
 David Branson to Elizabeth Evans. 
 
 1778. Joseph Burrough to Lydia Stretch. 
 Marmaduke Cooper to Mary Jones. 
 Wm. White to Ann Paul. 
 
 1779. Samuel Stokes to Hope Hunt. 
 Joshua Paul to Mary Lippincott. 
 James Hinchmanto Sarah Morgan. 
 Jededja Allen to Ann Wilkins. 
 Benj. Test to Elizabeth Thackara. 
 Kicbard Snowden to Sarah Brown. 
 
 1780. Benj. Horten to Sarah Snowden. 
 Wm. Lippincott to Elizabeth Fohvell. 
 Samuel Tomlinson to Mary Bates. 
 
 1781. Peter Thompson to Mary Glover. 
 John Gill to Sarah Pritchett. 
 Robert Zane to Elizabeth Butler. 
 Daniel Hillman to Martha Ellis. 
 Isaac Ballinger to Mary Bassett. 
 John Webb to Amy Wills. 
 Edward Gibbs to Hepsibah Evans. 
 
 1782. Joshua Cooper to Abigail Stokes. 
 John Barton to Rebecca Engevine. 
 John Reeves to Beulah Brown. 
 David Ware to Sarah Shinn. 
 Restore Lippincott to Deborah Ervin, 
 Joshua Harlan to Sarah Hinchman. 
 
 1783. Zaccheus Test to Rebecca Davis. 
 Isaac Stiles to Rachel Glover. 
 Jacob Jennings to Ann Hopkins. 
 Asher Brown to Mary Ward. 
 
 1784. Jaraes Thackara to Jane Gaunt. 
 Charles Fogg to Ann Bates. 
 
 Wm. Knight to Elizabeth Webster. 
 James Hopkins to Rebecca Clement. 
 Darling Haines to Mary Lippincott. 
 James Mickle to Hannah Lnrd. 
 Jonathan Morgan to Elizabeth Fisher. 
 Daniel Roberts to Hannah Stokes. 
 Abraham Warrington to Rachel Evans, 
 Peter Thompson to Sarah Stepbenson. 
 John Stuart to Deborah Griscom. 
 John Evans to Elizabeth Browning. 
 Isaac Jonesfto Sarah Atkinson. 
 Caleb Atkinson to Sarah Champion. 
 Francis Boggs to Ann Haines. 
 
 1789. Wm. Rogers to Mary Davis. 
 Joseph Davis to Mary Haines. 
 Wm. Sateitbwaiteto Mary Prior. 
 Samuel Glover to Hannah Albertson. 
 John Thome to Mary Duberee. 
 
 1790. Thomas Knight to Hannah Branson. 
 Thomas M. Potter to Mary Glover. 
 Josiah Kay to Elizabeth Horner. 
 
 1791. Geo. Abbott to Mary Redman. 
 Samuel Abbott to Martia Gill. 
 Jeremiah Wood to Mai-y Horner. 
 
 1782. Joseph Burrough to Martha Davis. 
 
 John Gill to Susanna Branson. » 
 
 1793. Jesse Lippincott to Mary Ann Kay. 
 
 Joseph Cooper to Sarah P. Buckley. 
 1793. Marmaduke Burr to Ann Hopkins. 
 
 Abraham Silver to Sarah Knight. 
 
 Joshua Roberts to Sarah Cole. 
 
 1785. 
 
 1788. 
 
 1799. 
 
 The 
 when 
 
 1794. Obediah Engle to Patience Cole. 
 John Albertson to Ann Pine. 
 
 1795. Isaac Ballinger to Esther Stokes. 
 Job Bishop to Lardle Jones. 
 Joseph Kalghn to Sarah Mickle. 
 Jesse Smith to Mary Paul. 
 Wm. E. Hopkins to Ann Morgan. 
 
 1796. Joseph Glover to Sarah Mickle. 
 Aaron Pancoastto Ann Cooper. 
 Joseph Bennett to Mary Morgan. 
 Reuben Braddock to Elizabeth Stokes. 
 
 1197. Jonathan Knight to Elizabeth Kaighn, 
 
 Peter Hammit to Mary Duel. 
 
 Joseph C. Swett to Ann Clement. 
 1798. Richard M. Cooper to Mary Cooper. 
 
 Joseph Burr to Maiy Sloan. 
 
 Abel Ashard to Ann Jennings. 
 
 Robert Rowand to Elizabeth Barton. 
 
 Wm. Roberts to Ann Brick. 
 
 Isaac Tborne to Rachel Horner. 
 
 Samuel Hooten to Sarah Ballanger. 
 
 Mcksite Friends.^ln the years 1827-28, 
 Elias Hicks, the exponent of the early 
 teachings of Robert Barclay and others, was trav- 
 eling through the country, he visited the Friends* 
 Meeting in Haddonfield, and won to his cause a 
 number of the Friends, who at once organized a 
 meeting of Hicksites, as his followers were termed. 
 The feeling between the two parties was such 
 that the partition in the meeting-house was kept 
 down, and separate meetings held from that time 
 until the destruction of the house, in 1851, by the 
 Orthodox Friends. A lot was then purchased at 
 Ellis and Walnut Streets, and the present brick . 
 meeting-house erected. The public Friends who 
 have ministered to the people of this branch of 
 the society were Samuel Allen and Mary, his wife, 
 both deceased. 
 
 Haddonfield Baptist Church. — The history 
 of the Baptist Church at Haddonfield is closely 
 identified with the Baptist Churches of Mount 
 Holly and Evesham. As early as 1784 the Rev. 
 Peter Wilson, pastor of the Baptist Church at 
 Hightstown, Monmouth County, occasionally 
 preached at Mount Holly, in Burlington County, 
 N. J. At intervals others of like persuasion offi- 
 ciated there, and in 1801 a church was organized 
 with thirty-six members. About the year 1788 
 religious services were held at the house of Matthew 
 Wilson, in Evesham township, Burlington County, 
 and afterward continued, with more regularity, at 
 the school-house in that neighborhood. In 1803 
 Joseph Evans and Letitia, his wife, and Rebecca 
 Troth were baptized, they being the first in that 
 region, and two years after, the covenants were 
 adopted and a church organized with forty-five 
 members, many of whom had been dismissed from 
 the church at Mount Holly. 
 
 Among those who connected themselves with the 
 church at Mount Holly was John Sisty, then a 
 
624 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 young man, and a resident of that town. Yielding 
 to the persuasions of his associates, he occasionally 
 addressed religious meetings, which developed a gift 
 for the ministry. In 1814 he was made a licentiate, 
 the next year ordained, and preached regularly 
 once in each month at the Evesham Meeting-house 
 for nearly four years and without compensation. 
 During this time he removed to Philadelphia, and 
 had his residence and place of business on the west 
 side of Front Street, a few doors below Market 
 Street, and there continued for many years. While 
 friends of his own religious belief at Haddon- 
 field, in the year 1817, requested him to 
 preach, with a view of founding a Baptist Church. 
 This invitation was accepted, and in the afternoon 
 of August 17, 1817, he preached his first sermon in 
 the Grove School-house. These meetings were 
 
 nil 
 
 SAfeiiiiiiiili 
 
 THE FIRST BAPTIST MEETING-HOUSE. 
 
 BUILT IN 1818, TORN DOWN IN 1852. 
 
 continued the second and fourth Sabbaths of each 
 month until June 11, 1818, when a Baptist Church 
 was regularly organized. 
 
 At that time the Society of Friends was the only 
 religious denomination which had stated meetings 
 in the village, and, it might be said, in the neigh- 
 borhood, save, perhaps, the Protestant Episcopal 
 Church at Colestown. The Grove School-house, 
 in which he conducted the first services, was a 
 plain building, furnished with unpainted desks 
 and with benches without cushions of backs. To 
 this uninviting and uncomfortable place was Mr. 
 Sisty taken when he first sought to promulgate the 
 opinions and practices of his adopted church. In 
 this unpretending structure, many miles fr.,m any 
 
 other in doctrinal sympathy, did that good man 
 persevere in his efforts to draw around him those 
 who were willing to accept his views of religion 
 and follow the requirements of his creed as by him 
 explained. The services were of the simplest 
 character, often without the singing of hymns, for 
 there were but few who understood or had any 
 knowledge of music. He soon found, however, 
 that these meetings attracted attention and was 
 much encouraged to continue his efforts, with the 
 ultimate object of founding a branch of the society. 
 In after-years Mr. Sisty often spoke of the kind 
 and sympathetic manner in which he was received 
 by members of the Society of Friends, and who 
 always expressed themselves as pleased with his 
 efforts and hoped that success might attend him. 
 An organization was effected June 11, 1818, with 
 the following-named persons as 
 members: Chas. Kain, Isaac Cole, 
 Samuel Vanhorn, John Fairlam, 
 Hannah Clement, Maria Hillman, 
 Sarah Kain, Ann Kain, Elizabeth 
 Vanderveer, Keturah Eowand. 
 
 Charles Kain and his wife, Sarah) 
 resided at Fellowship, in Burling- 
 ton County; Isaac Cole, in Cam- 
 den ; Hannah Clement, in Haddon- 
 field ; and Ann Kain, at Marlton, 
 Burlington Co. Elizabeth Vander- 
 veer resided at Moorestown, in the 
 last-named county ; John Fairlam 
 and Samuel Vanhorn, near Coles- 
 town ; and Maria Hillman and Ket- 
 turah Rowand lived near Fellow- 
 ship. 
 
 Zaccheus Logan, Joseph Evans 
 Isaac Smith, David Vanderveer and 
 Charles Kain were selected as trus- 
 tees to take the title of the lot which 
 was purchased of the heirs of Eliza- 
 beth West, deceased, by deed dated Feb. 19, 1819, and 
 duly recorded. On this lot was erected a neat and 
 comfortable brick meeting-house. The building, 
 when finished, presented a creditable appearance, 
 and was much admired by strangers. The entrance 
 was by a front-door and two side-doors, the latter 
 being used by those coming in carriages. The 
 inside arrangement was admirable, with a double 
 range of pews in the middle and a range on either 
 side, next the walls, with two side-aisles to a cross- 
 aisle, between the side-doors. The pulpit was 
 paneled, but plain, and reached by several steps 
 on either side, only large enough, however, for 
 two persons to sit in ; galleries extended around 
 three sides of the building and furnished with 
 
 jMi 
 
 i 
 
THE BOROUGH OP HADDONFIELD. 
 
 625 
 
 benches throughout. Two large ten-plate wood- 
 stoves stood in the main aisles for heating pur- 
 poses. The pews were neatly finished with solid 
 backs and doors, but without paint and not num- 
 bered. 
 
 The collections were taken in velvet sacks at- 
 tached to long black handles, and were by the 
 deacons passed solemnly round near the close of 
 the service. The money in circulation in those 
 days were the old Spanish coins, and twelve and 
 six-penny bits generally made up the sums con- 
 tributed. Open baskets were at last substituted 
 on account of the many pieces of spurious coin 
 found in the velvet sacks and placed there by 
 those who had little regard for the necessities of 
 the church. September 5, 1818, John Sisty pre- 
 sented his letter of dismissal from the Baptist 
 Church at Mount Holly, and, on August 14, 1819, 
 by a formal vote of the church and the pew-hold- 
 ers, was invited to become their pastor. At the 
 same meeting Charles Kain and Isaac Coles were 
 selected as deacons. November 13th following, 
 Mr. Sisty, by a letter, accepted the charge, his 
 services being rendered without compensation, 
 the church paying his necessary expenses, which 
 seldom exceeded one hundred dollars per year. 
 
 The building was dedicated on the last Sabbath 
 in November, 1818, when Dr. Holcom, Reverend 
 Mr. Gregg, Mr. Mahlon and Mr. Cooper were 
 present with Mr. Sisty to conduct the services. 
 These were novel and interesting in a Quaker 
 neighborhood, where formality of any kind on 
 such occasions was studiously avoided. Visitors 
 came from all the country-side, and under the per- 
 suasive eloquence of the eminent speakers, con- 
 tributed liberally towards the payment of the out- 
 standing debt. It is not too much to say that 
 broad-brimmed hats and plain bonnets were 
 scattered through the congregation, and although 
 not of those who then gave, were known to be in 
 sympathy with the enterprise and hoped for its 
 success. 
 
 It is proper to record something of the constitu- 
 ent members of the church. Charles Kain was 
 baptized at Salem, New Jersey, in the twentieth 
 year of his age, by the Kev. Job Sheppard, and 
 became a member of the church at that place. 
 The next year, 1813, be removed to Philadelphia, 
 and by letter joined the Rev. Dr. Holcom's church 
 in that city. In 1816 he came to New Jersey 
 again and worshipped with those of the Old Cause- 
 way Meeting-House, near Marlton, Burlington 
 County, and there remained until he became one 
 of the constituent members of the church at Had- 
 donfield. He is remembered as leading the sing- 
 
 ing, to which place he was chosen as clerk and 
 acceptably filled it for several years. 
 
 Isaac Cole, who lived in Camden, was an active 
 member, was liberal to the church and acted as 
 treasurer for several years. He gradually became 
 interested in the church in Camden, and believing 
 that his usefulness lay in that direction, requested 
 his letter, which was granted February 28, 1836, 
 that he could properly connect himself therewith. 
 
 Hannah Clement, educated and baptized as a 
 member of the Protestant Episcopal Church at 
 Chews Landing, a few miles from Haddonfield, 
 was convinced of the faith and practices of the 
 Baptists under the preaching of Dr. William 
 Staughton while residing in Philadelphia. She 
 became a member of the First Baptist Church of 
 that city and was dismissed therefrom June 11, 
 1818, to connect herself with the Haddonfield 
 Church. She was the first resident Baptist in the 
 town, and used her best efforts towards planting 
 the church there. 
 
 She was the wife of John Clement, who took 
 much interest in the enterprise and acted as cash- 
 ier during the erection of the house. At morning 
 and evening service he could always be seen in his 
 seat at the head of his pew, and through all the 
 mutations of the church he regularly occupied the 
 same place, and only abandoned it when he found 
 his remonstrances would not avail to prevent the 
 taking down of the building he had assisted to 
 erect and maintain. He could not be convinced 
 of the need of such a change, which would entail 
 a heavy debt and not add very much to the seat- 
 ing capacity. His wife was alike jealous of any 
 innovation that endangered the ancient landmarks 
 and was likely to weaken or destroy them. She 
 looked suspiciously upon any change in the old 
 forms of worship, and held fast to the ways of the 
 fathers. She lived to see the small beginnings at 
 the Grove School-house come to be a large and 
 influential society. She died an exemplary Chris- 
 tian. 
 
 Elizabeth Vanderveer was the wife of David 
 Vanderveer, a residint of Moorestown, some six 
 miles from Haddonfield. Through her influence 
 several other families came from the same town and 
 neighborhood, and were pew-holders in the church. 
 After the death of her husband she was dismissed, 
 November 29, 1838, and took her letter to the 
 Tenth Baptist Church of Philadelphia, to which 
 city, with her children, she went to reside. 
 
 John Fairlam was a farmer residing near Coles- 
 town, and rendered what assistiance his limited 
 means would allow towards the new enterprise. 
 He was baptized by John Sisty in 1817, and be- 
 
626 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 came a member of the Old Causeway Meeting, 
 and was dismissed therefrom to join the organiza- 
 tion at Haddonfield. He was separated from the 
 church and became chorister at Colestovvn. 
 
 Samuel Vanhorn, also a farmer and residing 
 near Colestown, was baptized by John Sisty in 
 1818, and always remained a consistent member of 
 the denomination. 
 
 Sarah Kain, wife of Charles, was also baptized 
 by John Sisty, and was ever after an upright and 
 faithful member among her associates. She was 
 anxious that her children should follow in her 
 footsteps, and had the pleasure in her declining years 
 to know that her precept and example had done 
 much for them. 
 
 Ann Kain, sister of Charles, was baptized by 
 John Sisty. She afterwards married Samuel Wil- 
 kins, and for several years lived in Haddonfield, 
 and then removed to Woodbury, Gloucester Coun- 
 ty. With her husband and family she returned to 
 the village, where she died in full membership 
 with the church, having never removed her letter 
 therefrom. 
 
 Keturah Eowand, wife of Joseph Eowand, and 
 sister of Isaac Coles, was, with her husband, a 
 member of the Old Causeway Meeting. She was 
 zealous in the cause of religion, and through her 
 influence many were induced to join the church. 
 
 Maria Hillman resided near Haddonfield, and 
 although not a conspicuous member, was generally 
 found in her place and ready to assist in every 
 good work. 
 
 The grave-yard in the rear of the church brings 
 back many sad recollections. About one-half of 
 the first purchase of land was laid out with two 
 avenues and a range of lots on the right and left 
 of each. The pew-holders had the choice of lots, 
 and such as paid four years in advance for their 
 seats in the church, were given the lot selected 
 without other consideration. 
 
 In later years this home of the dead has been 
 much enlarged, and the outlines of the original 
 yard are almost obliterated. The first funeral here, 
 tradition says, was that of Lieutenant Nicholson, 
 of the United States navy, who died in the neigh- 
 borhood, where he was boarding. He is remem- 
 bered as a martinet in dress, and a genial com- 
 panion, but a victim to intemperance which unfitted 
 him for duty. His habits were a great mortifica- 
 tion to his family, and "after his burial no friend or 
 relative was ever known to visit his grave. His 
 remains were laid in the northeast corner of the 
 yard, but through long neglect the particular spot 
 has been lost sight of. 
 
 The custom of Friends had its influence, and 
 
 many of the first graves are without monuments, 
 and hence lost sight of. In the old part may be 
 seen the graves of several of the founders of the 
 church, and among them that of John Sisty, who 
 provided that his remains should be laid within 
 the bounds of the place he loved so much. Here 
 are the plain, unpretending stones, showing where 
 lay those who were active and useful in their gen- 
 eration, and whom their descendants have reason 
 to love. 
 
 Something about the baptisms, or, more properly 
 speaking, the immersions, should be written. The 
 first baptism in connection with this church took 
 place on September 13, 1818, and the persons im- 
 mersed were Samuel Lippincott, John S. Wilmot, 
 Clariasa Laconey and Sarah Sleeper. Baptisms 
 occurred on Sabbath mornintf, and generally at 
 Evans' Mill pond, above the dam, but sometimes 
 below the flood-gates, when the ice was too thick 
 on the pond. 
 
 In 1837, after much opposition, the old house 
 was remodeled at a considerable expense; the 
 pulpit was removed, the floor lowered, the railing 
 around the galleries was replaced by panel-work 
 and the old chandelier and side-lights taken away. 
 The wood-stoves were banished and better heating 
 apparatus substituted, and the whole inside of the 
 church handsomely and tastefully painted. The 
 next year a frame addition was built in the rear, 
 in which the business meetings and Sunday-school 
 were held, and, although not very sightly, fur- 
 nished the much-needed space necessary to the 
 increased membership. 
 
 Anno Domini 1838 was an eventful year. Feb- 
 ruary 17th the Reverend Timothy Jackson was in- 
 vited to conduct a series of meetings, which ex- 
 tended over twenty-three days and evenings, and 
 ended in some eighty persons being baptized. He 
 was a remarkable man as a sermonizer and ex- 
 horter, and crowds followed him wherever he 
 preached. He was popular among the people and 
 his services were always in demand. This 
 strengthened the church in numbers and increased 
 its zeal, through which its influence was enlarged 
 and much good done. 
 
 August 18, 1837, a desirable lot of land on the 
 east was purchased, which gave much more space 
 on that side of the house and nearly doubled the 
 number of lots in the grave-yard. 
 
 The most important event of this year was the 
 resignation of John Sisty as pastor. Nothing can 
 better express his feelings relating to this subject 
 than the words written with his own hand. They 
 are as follows . 
 
 "Eesigned my pastoral charge of the Baptist Church in Had- 
 
THE BOKOUGH OF HADDONFIELD. 
 
 627 
 
 donfield, Scptomber 30th, 183S. But few churches and ministers 
 continue so long in harmony and unbroken friendship. Much im- 
 perfection and unworthinesa have marked the tenure of my way, 
 but by the grace of God we are Avhat we are. J. Sisty." 
 
 As the church property increased in extent and 
 value, it was deemed prudent that the membership 
 should become an incorporated body, according to 
 the laws of the State of New Jersey in such cases 
 made and provided, and December 15th, of this 
 year, a resolution to this effect was passed. March 
 16, 1839, Charles Kain, Daniel Fortiner, James G. 
 "Webster, John Osier, John G. Shivers, Thomas 
 Marshal] and Thomas Ellis were chosen as 
 trustees, and July 20th following took the obliga- 
 tion of office. 
 
 The numbers went on increasing, and as evi- 
 dence of the earnestness and vitality of this body 
 of professing Christians, it is only necessary to 
 notice the several churches that can trace their 
 beginning to those who were attached to the Bap- 
 tist Church in Haddonfield. To name them 
 chronologically, the church at Moorestown was 
 founded in 1837 by members from this. In a short 
 time a house was built and now it has a large num- 
 ber of adherents. In 1839 a few others were dis- 
 missed to establish one at Marlton, which, after 
 some opposition from the Old Causeway Meeting, 
 was organized and has always been prosperous. 
 
 In 1841 others of the church, in connection 
 with a few from Marlton, sought to draw around 
 them a congregation at Medford, and, although 
 much «ffort was made, it was not as successful as 
 those before named. In 1843 preaching by regular 
 appointment was had at Newton, and a house 
 erected, but dissessions crept in and disappoint- 
 ments followed. In 1848, with better success, a 
 few of the members residing near Blackwoodtown 
 established themselves, obtained a house and se- 
 cured stated preaching in that village. A few years 
 after a like effort was made at Tansboro', since re- 
 moved to Berlin, where a respectable congregation 
 always attends. 
 
 The Sunday-school was organized at the same 
 time as the church, and John Gill, an elder in the 
 Society of Friends, was chosen the first president, 
 again showing the sympathy and kind feeling that 
 existed, between these religious denominations. It 
 was always well sustained and brought within its 
 influence and control many who in after-years be- 
 came valuable members of the church. 
 
 The Eev. C. C. Park followed Mr. Sisty as pas- 
 tor, with a salary fixed at four hundred dollars. 
 In 1840 the Eev. Charles Wilson took the place of 
 Mr. Park. He was succeeded by the Rev. Marvin 
 Eastwood in 1844, who remained until 1847, when 
 
 the Rev. Orion H. Caperon was called. On account 
 of bad health he remained but a short time, when 
 the Eev. William H. Brisbane supplied the church. 
 This last person was an attractive speaker and in- 
 creased the attendance during his short stay. As 
 his pastorate was understood to be limited, he was, 
 in 1848, followed by the Rev. William Hires. 
 
 In 1850 the Eev. Samuel B. Willis was settled 
 and remained for about one year, when the Eev. 
 Alfred S. Patton succeeded him. During his ad- 
 ministration the subject of erecting a larger and 
 more commodious building was seriously consid- 
 ered, which movement was bitterly opposed by the 
 older members and many of the congregation. 
 Those in favor of this step argued that thirty years 
 had increased the attendance so much that the old 
 building had not sufficient capacity, and that its 
 architecture and appearance were entirely behind 
 the age. 
 
 On the other hand, it was regarded as the bold- 
 est vandalism to tear down the building so 
 much venerated by those who assisted in its erec- 
 tion, and who had for so many years contrib- 
 uted to its support, with which the better days of 
 the church were identified. The progressive ones 
 refused to be convinced, and in the order of time 
 the old house was razed to its foundations and an- 
 other one soon arose in its place. 
 
 The old meeting-house was torn down in July, 
 
 1852, and the corner-stone of a new church was 
 laid August 12th following, with appropriate ser- 
 vices. Addresses were made by the Rev. John 
 Sisty, Eev. Joseph H. Kennard, Eev. Stephen 
 Remington and the Rev. J. Dowling, D.D. The 
 church was built of brown stone, and was forty- 
 two by sixty-five feet, surmounted by a steeple 
 one hundred and twelve feet high, containing a 
 bell. The lower room was dedicated January 1, 
 
 1853, and the auditorium in June following. 
 
 As pastors the Rev. Mr. Latham followed Alfred 
 S. Patton in 1855 ; Mr. Meesou in 1856, and the 
 Rev. James E. Wilson in 1857. When he resigned, 
 in 1861, the Rev. Robert F. Young was called to 
 fill his place. 
 
 By death and removals the board of trustees has 
 been changed at different times, but now consists 
 of Isaac M. Kay, Joseph F. Kay, Benjamin F. 
 Fowler, George D. Stuart, Joseph S. Garrett, 
 Aaron C. Clement and Isaac P. Lippincott. 
 
 With the removal of the old building it is proper 
 that this sketch should end ; but it may be inquired 
 what time and circumstances have done with the 
 constituent members, since they assembled to plant 
 the seed that has yielded such a harvest. John 
 M. Fairlam was excluded in 1821 ; Maria Hill- 
 
628 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEESEY. 
 
 man was dismissed to another church in 1825; 
 Hannah Clement died in 1834; Isaac Coles took 
 his letter to Camden in 1836 ; Elizabeth Vander- 
 veer to Philadelphia, in 1838 ; Charles Kain and 
 Sarah, his wife, were dismissed to Marlton in 1839 ; 
 Keturah Rowand died in 1842 ; Ann Kain (after- 
 wards Ann Wilkins) died in Haddonfieldin 1864; 
 and Samuel Vanhorn, by reason of old age, was 
 prevented from active service, but died in unity 
 with the church. 
 
 John Sisty had dissolved his official connection 
 with the church at the time before named, but re- 
 tained his interest in its welfare, and did much in 
 after-years to heal dissensions and preserve 
 brotherly love. He was always a welcome visitor, 
 and received with the greatest respect by the mem- 
 bers. He died in 1863, surviving all save one of 
 his contemporaries in this undertaking. He was 
 generally present at the installations of the new 
 pastors, and charged them as to their solemn and im- 
 portant duties, never forgetting to remark that 
 short, pithy sermons were more popular than long, 
 prosy discourses. 
 
 The church that in 1818 began with ten mem- 
 bers, has increased in the sixty-eight years of its 
 existence to three hundred and ninety-one. 
 
 The Eev. Robert F. Young served this church 
 until his death, January 5, 1884, after a pastorate 
 of twenty-two years. In May, 1884, Eev. Henry 
 A. Griesemer became pastor of this church, and 
 still remains. 
 
 A lot on the Main Street was procured in the 
 spring of 1885, and on the 17th of July, in that 
 year, the corner-stone of a new house of worship 
 was laid with appropriate ceremonies. 
 
 The plan of the church was designed by Isaac 
 Percell, of Philadelphia, and is in the Gothic 
 order of architecture. It is built of stone. The 
 audience-room is large and commodious, with a 
 lecture-room to the rear. The lecture-ronm was 
 opened for use on the first Sunday in January, 
 1886, and it is intended to dedicate the audience- 
 room when the outstanding debt is provided for. 
 The entire cost of edifice and grounds is about 
 thirty-two thousand dollars. 
 
 The Methodist Episcopal Chtjech. — Relig- 
 ious meetings were held in the open air at Rowan d- 
 town about 1797, at which Ezekiel Cooper, a Metho- 
 dist of Philadelphia, preached occasionally. Be- 
 tween the years 1800 and 1810 a Methodist meet- 
 ing-house, about twenty-five by thirty-six feet, was 
 built at Snow Hill by both white and colored 
 people. It was used hy them until 1815, when a 
 separation took place, and the white people built 
 a church at Greenland. The fir.-t sermon preached 
 
 under the auspices of the Methodist Society in 
 Haddonfield was by John P. Curtis in 1850. He is 
 now living in Greenland at an advanced age. The 
 services were held in the Baptist Church at the re- 
 quest of Rev. John Sisty, who was then the pastor 
 of that ehurch. Mr. Curtis was soon after fol- 
 lowed by others who preached in the old Grove 
 School-house. The first Methodist people to reside 
 in the town were Richard Stafford and his wife, who 
 lived on the site of Willard'a Drug Store. The 
 ministers on the Burlington Circuit in 1825 were 
 Jacob Gouber and Wesley Wallace. The circuit 
 then extended from Burlington to Cape May. 
 
 The Grove School-house was, by resolution at the 
 time it was built, declared to be open for the use of 
 all sects, and even if school was in session and appli- 
 cation was made for preaching, the school should 
 at once be dismissed. About 1825, when the min- 
 ister of the Methodist Society visited Hiddonfleld, 
 application was made for the school-house in which 
 to hold services. Some parties refused to admit the 
 minister and locked the doors. John Clement 
 ordered the door unlocked, which was finally done. 
 In 1827 George Wooly, then on (he Burlington 
 Circuit, requested John P. Curtis to transact some 
 church business at Snow Hill, he not having au- 
 thority, but as far as permitted, conferred upon 
 John P. Curtis the title of bishop, a name which some 
 of his old associates still cling to. John P. Curtis 
 was a member of a class under John Hood, the 
 first class-leader of Philadelphia. A class was or- 
 ganized in Haddonfield in the year 1830, with the 
 following members : Charles Lippincott and wife, 
 Russell Millard and wife, Sarah A. Lippincott, 
 Richard Stafford, Rachel Stafford, Mary Walker, 
 Elizabeth Matlack, Esther Ann Reeves, Sarah 
 Boker, James Rhoads, Hope Rhoads, Thomas Pit- 
 man, Hampton Williams, Mary Willis, Rebecca 
 Van Dodd, Mary Ann Connell, Sarah Hillman, 
 Keziah Stafford, Anne M. Pitman, John Clark, 
 William England, Priscilla Obes, James Hopkins, 
 Atlantic Kelly, Mary Ann Elbertson, Phoebe Ann 
 Guthrie, Hannah Kendall, Wesley Armstrong, Ann 
 Chew, Sarah Matlack and Atlantic West. 
 
 Meetings were held generally in the school-house 
 until the erection of a church at the east end of 
 the village, in 1885. It was dedicated in August of 
 that year by Rev. R. E. Morrison, then in charge. 
 This house was used until 1857,, when it was de- 
 molished, and the present church built on the cor- 
 ner of Grove and Main Streets. The first effort 
 towards the erection of a new church was made at 
 the meeting of the Quarterly Conference, October 
 30, 1852. A committee was appointed to purchase 
 a lot. They reported on September 8, 1853, that a 
 
THE BOROUGH OF HADDONFIELD. 
 
 629 
 
 brick house, forty-three by sixty-five feet, could be 
 built for four thousand dollars. A committee was 
 appointed to ascertain the best plans and to dispose 
 of the old church property. In 1856 a building com- 
 mittee was appointed ; a lot was purchased on the 
 corner of Grove and Main Streets. 
 
 The following is a list of ministers who served 
 on the Burlington Circuit after Haddonfield be- 
 came a station. Haddonfield became a regular 
 preaching-place in 1825, under Jacob Gruber and 
 William Wallace, presiding elders. In that year 
 Eiley Barrett, David DufiFell, Andrew Jenkins and 
 Isaiah Toy preached in the Grove School-house. 
 Robert Gary, a junior preacher, assisted in the 
 services : 
 
 1845-46. Z. Gaskill. 
 
 1847. B. Weed. 
 
 1848. Kobert Given. 
 G. A. Baybold. 
 
 1840. James B. Dobbius. 
 1850-51. Levi Herr. , 
 1852-63. A. S, Brioe. 
 1854. Samuel M. Hudson. 
 1855-66. J. K. Bryan. 
 1857-58. Samuel B. Post, 
 1859-60. Jacob B. Graw, D.D. 
 1861-62. Aaron E. Ballard. 
 1863. Albert Atwood. 
 1864-65. Benjamin F. Woolston. 
 1866. Charles R. Hartranft. 
 1867-68. Kobert S. Harris. 
 1869-70-71. Williams. Zane. 
 1872-73-74. J. Stiles. 
 
 Levi Herr. 
 1876-76. James G. Crate. 
 1877-78. Charles H. Whitecar. 
 1879-80-81. James H. Mickel. 
 1882-83-84. Daniel B. Harris. 
 1886-86. William Pittinger. 
 
 1826. George Wooly. 
 Kobert Gary. 
 
 1827. George Wooly. 
 Sovereign. 
 
 1828. Henry Boehm. 
 L. M. Prettyman. 
 
 1829. Henry Boehm. 
 W. W. Tolks. 
 
 1830. Daniel Parish. 
 Wm. J. Wilmer. 
 
 1831. John Walker. 
 Jefferson Lewis. 
 
 1832. John Walker. 
 
 1833. E. Page 
 Da^'id Bartine. 
 
 1834. William Gammel. 
 1836. John P. Curtis. 
 
 M. German. 
 1836. E. Stout. 
 
 C. Jacquett. 
 
 1838. James Long. 
 J. B. McKeever. 
 
 1839. James Long. 
 W. A. Brooks. 
 
 1843-44. George A. Kaybold. 
 
 In 1839 the Haddonfield Circuit was formed and 
 included several churches, the aggregate member- 
 ship of which then was five hundred and fifty-two 
 whites and seventy-two colored persons. 
 
 Grace Episcopal Church. — According to the 
 journal of the convention of the Protestant Epis- 
 copal Church in New Jersey for 1842, the Rev. An- 
 drew Bell Patterson, rector of Trinity Church, 
 Moorestown, N. J., began holding services and 
 preaching in Haddonfield September 5, 1841. 
 These services were held in a building locally 
 known as the Grove School-house, which is now 
 used for school purposes for colored children. 
 
 On Monday, April 4th, Bishop Doane visited 
 Haddonfield and preached in the evening in the 
 Baptist meeting-house. It was his intention to lay 
 the corner-stone of the church building, but he was 
 prevented by a severe rain-storm. A lot had been 
 purchased, and on March 28, 1842, was conveyed 
 by John Clement to Joseph Fevvsmith and Chas. 
 76 
 
 D. Hendry, M.D., trustees for the congregation. On 
 April 11th the corner-stone was laid with appro- 
 priate services by Rev. Andrew Bell Patcerson, the 
 rector in charge. The building was consecrated 
 by Bishop Doane, September 29, 1842, being the 
 " Festival of St. Michael and all the Angels.'' The 
 following is the charter : 
 
 " Haddonfield, April 20th, 1843. 
 " To all wliom these PresenU may Concern. 
 " We whose names and seals are hereto affixed do certify. That 
 the congregation of Grace Church, in Haddonfield, in the County 
 of Gloucester, and State of New Jeraey, which is a Society worship- 
 ing according to the customs and usages of the Protestant Episcopal 
 Church, desiring to form themselves into a Body Corporate, accord- 
 ing to the act of the Legislature of the State of New Jeraey in such 
 case made and provided, met in Grace Church aforesaid on the sev- 
 enteenth day 01 April, in the year of Our Lord, one thousand eight 
 hundred and forty-three, pursuant to ten days' previous notice given 
 afl the intention of said Congregation to form themselves into a body 
 corporate by an advertisement set up in open view on the outer door 
 of said Grace Church, it being the place where said congregation 
 usually assemble for Divine service, which notice designated the day 
 when, and the place where, they designed to meet for that purpose. 
 There being no Kector or Minister present, Doctor Charles D. Hen- 
 dry, Esq., one of the Church Vestry, presided, and Benjamin M. 
 Roberts, the Secretary, recorded the proceedings. 
 
 " The Congregation then proceeded, by a vote of the majority of 
 those present, to designate the corpoi-ate name or title by which 
 the said Church shall be known, and which is. The Rector, Ward- 
 ens and Vestrymen of Grace Church in Haddonfleld. 
 
 " The Congregation then chose two Wardens and seven Vestiy- 
 men, and also by a majority of voices, fixed and determined on the 
 Second Tuesday of March annually as the day on which new elec- 
 tions of officers of said Church shall take place. 
 
 '* In the testimony whereof, and in order that these proceedings 
 may be recorded, we, the Church Wardens and Secretary aforesaid, 
 have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twentieth day of April, 
 in the year of Our Lord, one thousand eight hundred and forty- 
 three. 
 
 " Ch.^rles D. Hendry, [l.s.] 
 " Thomas Ashbubneu, [L.S.] 
 " JosiAH E. Coles, [l.s.] 
 " John White, [l.s.] 
 
 " J. B. Fennimore, [l.s.] 
 " Benjamin M. Roberts, [l.s.] 
 
 " Secretary, 
 " George Lee, [l.s.] 
 
 " William Staen, [l.s] 
 
 " J. Few Smith. [l.s.] '* 
 
 The church was admitted to the convention in 
 1843. 
 
 The Rev. Andrew Bell Patterson continued to 
 hold services in Haddonfield until he resigned his 
 parish in Moorestown. He was succeeded at the 
 latter place in 1846 by the Rev. Thomas L. Frank- 
 lin, who also oflBciated at Haddonfield. In 1848 
 Rev. Franklin was succeeded by Rev. X. P. La 
 Baugh, who remained in charge until 1850. In the 
 autumn of this year the Rev. I. M. Bartlett, rector 
 of the Church of the Ascension, at Gloucester, be- 
 came responsible for the services. In 1854 he was 
 succeeded by the Rev. Samuel Hallowell, and for 
 the first time in its history the church became inde- 
 pendent of other parishes for ministerial services. 
 
630 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 During Rev. Hallowell's rectorship an addition 
 was made to the church building, rendered neces- 
 sary by the increase of membership. Mr. Hallo- 
 well resigned the parish in December, 1865, and 
 was succeeded in March, 1866, by the present rec- 
 tor, the Eev. Gustavus M. Murray. 
 
 In September, 1871, ground was broken for the 
 erection of a rectory on the lot immediately ad- 
 joining the church. The building was finished and 
 occupied by the rector and his family on March 3, 
 1872, and again, in 1885, the interior of the church 
 was thoroughly repaired and needed alterations 
 made in harmony with distinctive features of 
 church worship. For a number of years it has 
 been evident that the work of the parish required 
 better accommodations; to this end efforts are being 
 made looking to the accumulation of funds for the 
 erection of a new and substantial stone church, 
 with the necessary accommodations for Sunday- 
 school and parish work. 
 
 The Presbyterian Church of Haddonfield 
 was organized on the 21st day of November, 1871, 
 with twenty-one members, of whom six have died, 
 ten removed to other places and five are still 
 active members of the church. The first gathering 
 for religious worship among the Presbyterians of 
 the village was held in midsummer of 1871, in the 
 Town Hall, when the Eev. F. D. Harris (now of 
 Camden, who has been from the first a nurse to 
 the infant church) preached for the few who as- 
 sembled. 
 
 ,_ Loyalty to Presbyterianism and perhaps a wise 
 foresight, which caught a glimpse of the growth of 
 the town, held the little handful of faithful men 
 and women together under the leadership of Mr. 
 Harris, and in October of the same year a petition 
 was sent to the Presbytery of West Jersey praying 
 for the organization of a church. Rev. V. D. 
 Reed, D.D., Rev. L. C. Baker and F. M. Harris 
 and Elders Reinboth and Fewsmith were the com- 
 mittee appointed by the Presbytery, in compliance 
 with the petition, to constitute the church. The 
 young church continued to hold services for a time 
 in the Town Hall, and then in a room which is 
 now a part of the store of B. F. Fowler. 
 
 In April, 1873, the lot of ground on which the 
 church now stands was purchased, and in June 
 the work of digging for the foundation was begun. 
 In the spring of 1874 the congregation gathered in 
 the chapel for the first time and rejoiced in the 
 possession of a home. Under the care of the Rev. 
 Edwin D. Newberry, the first pastor, the congrega- 
 tion grew rapidly stronger and gained many 
 friends and wider influence. But dissensions 
 arose between pastor and people, which continued 
 
 for three years, until at last, in 1879, it was 
 checked, the cause removed and the young church 
 walked forth to regain her strength. 
 
 The first elders elected and ordained over the 
 church were Joseph B. Tatem, who died March 1, 
 1881, and David Roe, still acting in that office. 
 
 The Rev. Julius E. Werner was called to the 
 church in December, 1880, and was installed in 
 the month of May following. The main audience- 
 room of the church was completed and dedicated 
 in August, 1882, and the church has been steadily 
 gaining in numbers and influence under the pres- 
 ent administration. It has at the present time a 
 membership of eighty-five, and in point of contri- 
 butions to benevolent societies and objects bears a 
 good reputation. The Sabbath-school connected 
 with the church at present has about one hundred 
 and forty members enrolled as regular attendants, 
 while liberal contributions and frequent public 
 exercises show the sincerity and diligence of 
 scholars and teachers. 
 
 St. John's Military Academy and St. 
 Agnes' Hall.- — St. John's Academy was estab- 
 lished in Camden, in 1866, by the Revs. Theophi- 
 lus M. and William M. Reilly, clergymen of the 
 Episcopal Church. In 1870 a tract of land con- 
 taining one hundred and ten acres, lying near and 
 adjoining the town of Haddonfield, was purchased. 
 This place was part of the Francis Collins tract, 
 surveyed to him in 1682, on which he erected a 
 mansion-house, and named the place Mountwell. 
 The greater part of the tract, including the man- 
 sion-house, in 1716 came to Joseph Collins, his 
 son, by whom the old house was built. This 
 building upon the purchase by the Messrs. Reilly 
 was fitted for school purposes, and used until it 
 was destroyed by fire, in 1872. The present build- 
 ing, containing one hundred and seventy-five 
 rooms, was soon after erected, at a cost of twenty , 
 thousand dollars. The character of the academy 
 was changed, and it became a military school. 
 The military department is under the charge of 
 Captain Wilder, formerly of West Point, and con- 
 tains about sixty cadets. The buildings were de- 
 stroyed by fire October 30, 1886. 
 
 St. Agnes' Hall was established in 1878, and at 
 present has fifteen pupils. The students of both 
 schools are under the direction of Mrs. William 
 M. Reilly, with a corps of competent assistants. 
 
 Burlington College, Burlington, N. J., is also 
 under the same management, the Rev. Theophi- 
 lus M. Reilly, giving his personal attention at 
 Burlington, and the Rev. William M. Reilly 
 having charge of St. John's and St. Agnes', at 
 Haddonfield. 
 
THE BOROUGH OF HADDONFIELD. 
 
 631 
 
 School-Houses. — The first school-house in Had- 
 doniield was built by the Friends, in 1786, on the 
 southwest corner of the present burial-ground. It 
 is still standing, and has been used almost con- 
 tinually, in later years, as a boarding-school. In 
 1809 a lot of land on Grove Street was donated 
 by William E. Hopkins, on which a school-house 
 was built and named " The Grove School- Ho use." 
 It was the public school-house from that time 
 until. 1854, when the Town Hall was built and 
 rooms fitted up for school purposes ; since then it 
 has been used for primary schools, and is now 
 used for colored children. The public schools' 
 were taught in the Town Hall from 1854 until the 
 completion of the present commodious stone edifice, 
 in 1869, and were for a few years under the charge 
 of Miss Sarah C. Hillman. 
 
 The Hicksite Friends, in 1851, erected a school- 
 house upon, their lot, in which school was kept a 
 number of years. 
 
 Mrs. Charlotte and Emily Hendry taught a 
 private school in the town from 1838 to 1848. 
 
 Miss C. Sarah Hillman for several years after her 
 retirement from the public schools, in 1869, taught 
 school in a building she erected for the purpose, 
 on Chestnut Street, and which now belongs to the 
 G. A. R. Post. 
 
 There being a demand for increased school ac- 
 commodation, the town purchased of William 
 ColBn, in 1868, a lot of land on Haddon Avenue 
 from Chestnut Street to Railroad Avenue, and in 
 1869 erected a two-story stone edifice, sixty by 
 seventy-five feet, under charge of Elwood Braddock 
 and William M. Hoopes. The entire cost, includ- 
 ing lot and furniture, was about twenty-two thou- 
 sand dollars. Later, on the south part of the lot, a 
 brick building, thirty by fifty feet, two stories in 
 height, was built. for primary classes, at a cost of 
 three thousand five hundred dollars. 
 
 The public schools of the town were, in 1885, 
 under charge of Arthur Pressey as principal. The 
 following are the teachers engaged for the school 
 year commencing on Monday, September 6, 1886 : 
 Principal, Mr. S. E. Manness; Vice- Principal, Miss 
 Emma W. Middleton ; Miss Sarah A. Wells, Miss 
 Ella H. Schwab. Primary Department— Miss 
 Ella McElroy and Miss Mary B. Redman, and at 
 the Grove (colored) School, Mr. John Jackson has 
 been re-engaged. 
 
 Manufactuking and Business Interests.— 
 A lumber business was established on Potter Street, 
 June 3, 1841, by Benjamin M. Roberts, who, in 
 September, 1843, sold to Charles H. Shinn, who also 
 bought the coal business of John Busby at Coles 
 Landing. Samuel S. Willits, about 1854, pur- 
 
 chased the lumber interests of Charles H. Shinn, 
 and moved the business from Potter Street, to the 
 corner formed by Euclid Avenue and the turnpike, 
 and shortly after associated himself with S. P. 
 Browning, under the name of Willits & Browning. 
 Mr. Browning retired in 1862, and Mr. Willits con- 
 tinued until 1866, when he died and the business 
 was sold to his son, S. A. Willits, and Joseph G. 
 Evans. From this time till 1876 several changes 
 were made in the firm, Mr. Willits being contin- 
 uously a member, and in 1876 the co-partnership 
 of S. A. Willits & Co. was formed. This enter- 
 prising firm now does a large business in the sale 
 of lumber, coal and hardware. 
 
 The Haddonfield Paint Works were established 
 on the present site, in 1877, by John G. Willits & 
 Co., and continued for a time and passed to others. 
 In September, 1881, it came to A. W. Wright & 
 Co., who purchased the interests and are now en- 
 gaged in the manufacture of lead, zinc, colors and 
 varnishes, and a successful business is done. 
 
 The carriage shops of Geo. H. Tule, situated on 
 Turnpike and Mechanic Streets, were established 
 in 1880, when a two and a half story building was 
 erected, thirty by sixty feet, and sheds, thirty by 
 forty feet, and the manufacture of heavy and light 
 wagons and buggies was begun. About fourteen 
 men are steadily employed in all the departments. 
 The first to establish business at the place was 
 Joseph Bates. In 1846 he began business in the 
 old Thackara blacksmith shop, which stood on the 
 site of the Methodist Church, and continued there 
 until the sale of the lot to the Methodist Society, in 
 1856, when the shop was moved across the street 
 on property now owned by Mr. Mitchell, where he 
 continued until the building was destroyed by fire, 
 January 17, 1859. In the spring of that year 
 Mickle Clement erected the one-story brick shop 
 now part of Tule's establishment, and Joseph Bates 
 moved to the place and carried on a blacksmith shop 
 until his retirement. George H. Tule, the pres- 
 ent proprietor, entered the shop of Mr. Bates as an 
 apprentice in 1861, and in 1880 purchased the busi- 
 ness and increased it to the present state. 
 
 Charles M. Haines began the carriage- making 
 business in Haddonfield in the spring of 1884. 
 
 The blacksmith shop now conducted by Samuel 
 K. Matlack at the point at Ellis and Potter Streets 
 was in 1846 owned by Wm. Tomlinson, formerly 
 by John S. Peak. 
 
 The business interests of Haddonfield at present 
 are as follows : 
 
 General Dealers. — Clement & GiflSn, B. F. 
 Fowler. 
 
632 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUxNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Orocern. — Truitt & Clement, Thomas Young, W. 
 H. Harrison, W. S. Doughty. 
 
 Confectioners. — Mrs. J. J. Schleeht, Geo. Still- 
 well, Wm. Plum. 
 
 Hotel. — George Stillwell. 
 
 Lumber and Coal Dealers. — S. A. Willits & Co. 
 
 Bakery and Confectionery. — Martin Schleeht. 
 
 Flour and Feed.— Truiii & Kay. 
 
 Physicians.— 0. H. Shivers, B. H. Shivers, W. S. 
 Long, L. L. Glover, F. Williams. 
 
 Printing Offices — South Jersey News, H. D. 
 Speakman. 
 
 Florists. — C. W. Turnley, Brown. 
 
 Newsdealer. — Mrs. E. D. Lettellier. 
 Carriage-Biiildn-s. — Geo. H. Tule, C. W. Haines, 
 James G. Webster. 
 
 Hardioarc. — Charles S. Braddock, J. J. Petti- 
 bone & Son, H. Bennett. 
 
 Undertal-ers. — R. Cooper Watson, Chas. Githens, 
 Samuel Burroughs. 
 
 Agricultural Implements and Coal. — Bell Brothers. 
 
 Auction Ooods. — Wm. H. Clement. 
 
 Dentist.— A. H. Miner. 
 
 Livery. — Benjamin P. Shreve. 
 
 Dealers in Horses. — C. H. Smith, Geo. D. Stewart. 
 
 Harness ISliop. — Isaac VandegrafF. 
 
 Paints and Colors. — W. W. Wright. 
 
 Paper Hangings. — Samuel R. Stoy, Walter W. 
 Wayne. 
 
 Drug /Stores.— Roland AVillard, Charles S. Brad- 
 dock, Jr. 
 
 Meat Markets.— Samuel Albertson, Alfred Lud- 
 low. 
 
 5a)-4ers.— Coward Bros., Westcott. 
 
 Painter. — Lancelot Hill. 
 
 Jfasons.— Elwood Braddock, Frederick Thomas, 
 R. W. Budd. 
 
 Contractors and Builders. — W. S. Caperon, W. 
 H. Hoopes, Henry Albright, Caldwell Baker, 
 Thomas Hill, William Bowker. 
 
 Surveyors and Conveyancers. — John Clement, J. 
 Lewis Rowand. 
 
 Jewelri/ Box Manufacturers. — Julius Smith. 
 
 Milk Dealers.— Mvs. Mary Craig, Patrick Haug- 
 hey. 
 
 Millinery. — Misses Stout. 
 
 Boots and Shoes. — W. H. Fowler. 
 
 Boot and Shoe Makers. — R. Elmer Clement, John 
 S. Garrett, Ralph H. Barton, Peter Hudon. 
 
 Cigar Store. — Chas. Reinear. 
 
 Posd-O^ce.— Thomas Hill. 
 
 Express. Atkinson. 
 
 Telephone Office. — Willard's drug store. 
 
 Elwood Braddock is a descendant of a long- 
 settled New Jersey family— a branch of that to 
 
 which belonged the distinguished General Brad- 
 dock. Edward Braddock was a ma.jor-geueral in 
 the British army in 1709, and retired in 1715, 
 having been altogether forty years in the service. 
 He died at Bath, England, June 16, 1725. His 
 son, Edward Braddock, was also a major-general 
 in the British army, was in command of the Eng- 
 lish forces in the French and Indian War at 
 Hraddock's Field (now the village of Braddocks, a 
 suburb of Pittsburgh,) where he was so severely 
 wounded that he died a few days later, July 12, 
 1755, and was buried by the side of the road on 
 the retreat to Philadelphia. About this time a 
 branch of the family, of which Rehoboam and 
 Jemima Braddock were the great-grandparents of 
 our subject, came to America and settled in Bur- 
 lington County, N. J. Their children were Job, 
 Elizabeth, Bathsheba, Hannah, Darnell, Phebe, 
 William, Jemima, Mary and Rachel. Many of 
 their descendants now live in Burlington County. 
 Darnell Braddock, born 1764, and his wife, Sarah, 
 were Elwood Braddock's grandparents. They 
 had ten children, — William Rodgers, Martha, Je- 
 mima, Eliza, Benjamin, Reuben, Asa, Hester Ann, 
 Sarah and Darnell, the eldest of whom, born in 
 1799, with Sarah, his wife, were the parents of Car- 
 oline, Charles S., Elwood, William Shreve, Abbie, 
 Elizabeth and Isaac A. Braddock. 
 
 Briefly reverting to this line of ancestry, it may 
 be mentioned that Rehoboam Braddock, the great- 
 grandfather of Elwood, was noted for his wonder- 
 ful strength. His son Darnell died quite young, 
 but, as we have seen, left a large family. William 
 R., the eldest son, was a powerful man physically, 
 and story after story is related of his prowess in 
 keeping the peace in the olden time. He was a 
 justice for about thirty years in Medford, Burling- 
 ton County, and ordered the last man (a negro), 
 convicted under the old law, to be given thirty- 
 nine lashes. He was a staunch Old-Line Whig, 
 and was elected to the Legislature in 1848 for a 
 term of three years. He was for half a century a 
 prominent surveyor in Burlington County and also 
 in the counties of Camden, Ocean and Atlantic. 
 In 1850 he culled attention to what might be done 
 in growing cranberries in New Jersey, by planting 
 the Sorden meadow, in the old Indian reservation at 
 Shamong, which his neighbors called " Braddock's 
 Folly," and which still bears fruit. Upon this 
 land, prior to 1850 utterly unremunerative, the 
 crop of cranberries was an exceedingly large one 
 in 1885. 
 
 Elwood Braddock, the second son of William R., 
 was born December 23, 1829, at Medford, N. J., 
 and at the age of sixteen years was apprenticed to 
 
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THE BOEOUGH OF HADDONFIELD. 
 
 633 
 
 the trade of a mason and builder with Isaac A. 
 Shreve, at Burlington, and helped to build St. 
 Mary's Hall and Burlington College, under Bishop 
 Doane, of the Episcopal Church, and while still 
 an apprentice assisted in building the very first 
 houses in Beverly. After he became of age he 
 started for New York City with some funds in his 
 possession, but on arriving there found thathe had 
 been robbed and that he had only a shilling in his 
 pocket, which had escaped the nimble fingers of 
 the thief. He soon found work, prospered at his 
 trade, had a hand in building up Brooklyn and 
 Williamsburg and remained in the vicinity two 
 years. He then, in 1852, decided to go to Atlan- 
 tic City, which had just then started, and he there 
 helped to build several fine hotels and other edi- 
 fices, among them the Ashland House. In 1855 
 he removed to Davenport, la., but after about a 
 year spent in the West concluded to return to his 
 native State. Soon afterwards he married Rachel 
 W. (Collings) Shreve, widow of Benjamin P. 
 Shreve, of Medford, and settled in Haddonfield, 
 where they continue to reside. Both he and Mrs. 
 Braddock are members of the Baptist Church. 
 
 Mr. Braddock is still engaged in building opera- 
 tions, having built both of the school -houses in 
 Haddonfield; built by contract the stone and ma- 
 son-work for the Baptist Church and erected many 
 other buildings ; has been a director of the Had- 
 donfield Building Association for thirteen years ; 
 is still engaged in cranberry growing in Burlington 
 and Atlantic Counties, where he owns large mead- 
 ows. He is a good mathematician and thorough 
 Latin scholar; has attained these and other ac- 
 quirements-unaided and under many disadvantages, 
 and is known as an active, enterprising and wholly 
 trustworthy man. 
 
 Of Mr. Braddock's brothers and sisters it is pro- 
 per to add a few words. Charles S. settled in Had- 
 donfield in 1853, establishing the drug business 
 and continuing in the same for twenty-five years ; 
 now a hardware merchant of Haddonfield ; mar- 
 ried Ann (Zane) Collings, sister of Bachel W. ; 
 they were of a very old New Jersey family. Car- 
 oline married a Mr. Bridge and lives in the State 
 of Delaware. William Shreve, who resides in 
 Waterford and owns and operates the Bates saw- 
 mill, married Eachel Borton. Abbie Braddock 
 married Mr. George Rhoads and lives near West- 
 town, her sister Elizabeth residing with her. 
 Isaac A., a druggist of Haddonfield (successor to 
 Charles S., his brother), the youngest of the fam- 
 ily, married Anna Collings, of Camden, and is a 
 man of great enterprise. 
 Samuel S. Hillman is a descendant of John 
 
 Hillman, who came to America in 1697, and set- 
 tled in Gloucester (now Centre) township. Daniel 
 Hillman, the grandfather of Samuel, was married 
 to Martha, daughter of Isaac Ellis, of Ellisburg, 
 by whom he had ten children,— Daniel, Jacob, 
 Jonathan, John, Simeon, Abel, Isaac, Hannah 
 (married to John Ware), Martha (married to Sam- 
 uel Brown) and Mary (married to Jacob Wolla- 
 hom). 
 
 Daniel resided at Ellisburg, and was a wheel- 
 wright by trade. He married Hester, daughter of 
 Samuel and Hope Stokes, who resided near Had- 
 donfield, by whom he had eight children, — Samuel 
 S., Daniel E., Aquilla, Alfred, Albert, Daniel, 
 Charles and Mary Ann. 
 
 Samuel S. Hillman was born at Ellisburg, Aug- 
 ust 18, 1816. He remained upon the farm with 
 his father till he was fifteen years- old, when he 
 went to Philadelphia and entered the dry-goods 
 house of Jacob Jones, where he remained till of 
 age. He then came to Haddonfield, opened a store, 
 conducted it successfully for fifteen years and then 
 sold out to A. T. Paul & Brother. He has since 
 been retired from active business. 
 
 On March 12, 1840, he was married to Rebecca, 
 daughter of John and Rebecca Ford, of Pauls- 
 borough, Gloucester County, N. J. Their chil- 
 dren are John F., who is married to Kate, daughter 
 of Joseph R. and Emma Sorver, by whom he 
 had three children, — J. Herbert, Robert (de- 
 ceased) and Heslen. John F. is a member of the 
 firm of Wanamaker & Brown, of Philadelphia. 
 Benjamin R. is married to Lizzie C. Andrews, 
 daughter of George and Julia Andrews, of Newark, 
 N. J., by whom he has two children, — Agnes and 
 Reamer. Benjamin R. is employed with John 
 Wanamaker during the past fifteen years. Charles 
 H. married Jennie, daughter of Col. Jesse E. and 
 Mrs. Jane Peyton, of Haddonfield. Charles H. is 
 a member of the firm of King, Hillman & Gill, 
 manufacturers of cottons, etc., Philadelphia ; and 
 Clara R., who is at home. Samuel S. Hillman is a 
 member of the Society of Friends. In politics he 
 is a Republican. He has been elected surveyor of 
 highways, and is a director in Haddonfield Build- 
 ing and Loan Association, and takes great interest 
 in the improvement and progress of the town in 
 which he resides. 
 
 Mrs. Hillman died March 12, 1886, upon the 
 forty-sixth anniversary of her marriage. She was 
 a woman of noble virtues, universally loved and 
 respected. 
 
 Societies. — Haddonfield Lodge, No. 130, F. and 
 A. M., was chattered January 18, 1872, and was con- 
 stituted February 10, 1872, in Wilkins' Hall, at Had- 
 
634 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 donfield, with fourteen charter members, including 
 the officers. The meetings were held in the hall 
 until November 23, 1877, when the lodge was 
 moved to the hall in the New Jersey Building. 
 On the 24th of October, 1882, a change was again 
 made and meetings were held until February 13, 
 1883, in Granger's Hall, from where they moved 
 to Clement's Hall. The new Masonic Hall was 
 built in 1883, and on the 11th of March, 1884, the 
 lodge held their first meeting in the new quarters. 
 On the evening of the opening ceremonies the 
 Worthy Master, Charles H. Mann, presented the 
 lodge with the furniture, except the carpet and 
 seats. The lodge is at present in a flourishing 
 condition, with ninety-six members. 
 
 The present officers are Frederick Sutton, W. 
 M. ; Carrington W. Taylor, S. W. ; Benjamin F. 
 Fowler, J. W. ; Edward S. Huston, treasurer ; 
 Henry D. Moore, P. M., secretary ; Eev. Gustavus 
 M. Murray, P. M., chaplain ; Samuel Browne, 
 S. D. ; Abram P. Vandegrift, J. D. ; Julius P. 
 Graf, S. M. 0. ; Rowland Willard, J. M. 0. ; Wil- 
 liam S. Hart and R. Wilkins Budd, Stewards ; 
 Louis H. Hall, Organist ; Richard E. Elwell, Tiler. 
 Past Masters, N. B. Jennings, M.D. (deceased), 
 Edward W. Reeve (deceased), John S. Stratford, 
 John W. Swinker (deceased), J. Morris Roberts, 
 Henry D. Moore, William D. Cobb, Rev. G. M. 
 Murray, James S. Da Costa, C. H. Shivers, M.D., 
 Charles H. Mann, James A. Webb. 
 
 During the early part of 1883 the matter of 
 erecting a Masonic building was discussed and 
 culminated in the formation of a Masonic Hall 
 Association, and on May 13, 1884, the building 
 being finished, was dedicated with impressive 
 Masonic ceremonies by M. W. Henry Verbiage, 
 Grand Master of the jurisdiction of New Jersey, 
 assisted by nearly all the Grand Officers of the 
 Grand Lodge. The ceremonies took place in the 
 new hall at three o'clock, p. m., after which the 
 Grand Officers, invited guests, including the Hon. 
 Leon Abbett, Governor of New Jersey, and mem- 
 bers of Haddonfield Lodge, in number about two 
 hundred, repaired to the New Jersey Building and 
 partook of a banquet. 
 
 Morning Star Lodge, No. 70, /. 0. 0. F., was 
 instituted February 3, 1848, with the following 
 officers: John K. Roberts, N. G. ; Jacob P. Thorn- 
 ton, V. G. ; Nathan Conrad, S. ; Joseph L. Shivers, 
 A. S. ; Silas McVaugh, treasurer. Meetings have 
 been held from the date of the organization to the 
 present time in Odd-Fellows' Hall, on Main Street. 
 The lodge has a membership of sixty-three. The 
 present Noble Grand is Edwin R. Claggett. The 
 following is a list of the Past Grands from the 
 
 organization to the present time : John K. Roberts, 
 Urias Shinn, Clayton Hollinshead, Charles F. 
 Redman, Elijah E. West, William McKnight, 
 John Stoy, Joseph H. Fowler, William Conard, 
 Samuel D. Proud, Aaron Clark, John A. Swinker. 
 The Evening Star Encampment, No. 39, /. 0. 
 0. F., obtained its charter November 16, 1869. 
 The place of meeting since the time of organiza- 
 tion has been in Odd-Fellows' Hall. The present 
 Chief Patriarch is Edwin E. Claggett. 
 
 Haddon Lodge, No. 12, K. of P., was instituted 
 April 20, 1868, with the following charter mem- 
 bers : Charles E. Redman, William Plum, Charles 
 Lovett, Samuel S. Tomlinson, W. S. Wilmot, Ren- 
 nels Fowler, David M. Southard, Thomas Eldridge 
 and Joseph C. Stackhouse. Meetings were held 
 for one year in Odd-Fellows' Hall, about one year 
 in a room over Fowler's store, at the end of which 
 term the lodge was removed to the present rooms, 
 fitted up in the upper story of Clement & Giffin's 
 store. The society has sixty members and George 
 B. Stewart is Chancellor Commander. 
 
 Local Branch, No. 67, Order of Iron Hall, was 
 organized May 6, 1882, with twenty-one charter 
 members. Meetings are held in the room of the 
 Thomas H. Davis Post, G. A. R. 
 
 The Order of Chosen Friends, Perseverance Coun- 
 cil, No. 8, was chartered October 4, 1882, and held 
 its meetings in the hall. It has a membership of 
 fifty-four. 
 
 Cordon Lodge, No. 2, of the Ancient Order of 
 United Workmen, was chartered September 1, 1881, 
 and holds its meetings in the hall of the Grand 
 Army of the Republic. 
 
 Mohican Tribe, No. 64, I. 0. of B. M., was insti- 
 tuted in Haddonfield under a charter which bears 
 date, in their phraseology, the 25th Sun of the 
 Hot Moon, G. S. D. 392. Meetings are held in 
 Wilkins' Hall. 
 
 Eureka Lodge, No. 2, /. 0. M., was chartered 
 November 21, 1882, and holds meetings in Wil- 
 kins' Hall. 
 
 American Castle, No. 12, K. of O. E., was insti- 
 tuted May 17, 1886, with fifty members. Meetings 
 will be held in the Wilkins' Hall. 
 
 John A. J. Sheets is a native of Pennsylvania 
 and the descendant of a family long settled in 
 Lancaster County. His father, John Sheets, was 
 born there and in his youth moved to Williams- 
 port, Lycoming County, where he married, at a 
 later period, Catharine Emmons, of the same 
 county. About the year 1818, he removed, with his 
 family, to Fairfield township (Lycoming County), 
 and there his son, John A. J. Sheets, the subject 
 of this biography, was born on the 6th of March, 
 
THE BOROUGH OF H ADDON FIELD. 
 
 635 
 
 1828. The father during his lifetime was variously 
 employed as blacksmith, farmer and landlord, in 
 all of which vocations he achieved success, and 
 his son receiving a common school education, being 
 very apt and advancing rapidly, was able at the 
 age of thirteen to assume charge of his books and 
 attend to many details of business. 
 
 At the age of eighteen he was made agent for 
 Messrs. Baltzell & Co., a Baltimore firm, who opera- 
 ted a saw-mill on the West Branch of the Susque- 
 hanna, and devoted his attention to receiving and 
 forwarding the lumber by boats to Baltimore. He 
 was thus engaged for several years, and in 1850 
 formed the acquaintance of John F. Norcross, then 
 residing in Montoursville, who was interested in a 
 saw-mill located on the West Branch. Two years 
 later he entered into partnership with Mr. Norcross 
 in the wholesale and retail lumber business and 
 established a lumber-yard and wharf at Kaighns 
 Point, Camden, N. J., with a branch office at Green 
 Street wharf, Philadelphia. The Camden yard 
 was continued for two years, when, at the solicita- 
 tion of several large manufacturers of lumber on 
 the West Branch of the Susquehanna River, they 
 were induced to concentrate their business at 
 Green Street wharf, Philadelphia, making it ex- 
 clusively wholesale.. Here they continued for sev- 
 eral years, receiving meanwhile large consignments 
 of timber and manufactured lumber from Penn- 
 sylvania, Virginia, North Carolina, Georgia and 
 Florida. In 1865 they moved from Green Street 
 to Fairmount Avenue wharf, where they continued 
 successfully until 1875, when Mr. Norcross retired 
 
 from the firm, as a result of declining health. At 
 the period of dissolution the firm of Norcross & 
 Sheets was the oldest firm in the wholesale lumber 
 and commission business without change of firm- 
 name, in the city of Philadelphia. Mr. Sheets has 
 since that time continued the business alone. 
 John A. J. Sheets was married, in 1854, to Rachel 
 T., daughter of Samuel A. Cook, of Camden 
 County, and niece of his former partner's wife. 
 Their children are Catharine E. (wife of George 
 A. Howes, who entered the employ of the house 
 when quite a youth, and for the past few years has 
 had charge of Mr, Sheets' business at Fairmount 
 Avenue wharf), Caroline E., John (married to Em- 
 ma, daughter of the late B. B. Thomas), graduated 
 from the Medical Department of the University of 
 Pennsylvania in the spring of 1880, spent a year 
 in one of the largest hospitals in Germany, also 
 visiting those in London and Paris, and is 
 now a practicing physician and a specialist in 
 diseases of the throat, nose and ear, at 1324 Spring 
 Garden Street, Philadelphia ; Samuel A., Mary C, 
 Robert A., Susan McVey and Harriet L. Mr. Sheets 
 resided in Philadelphia and Camden until 1862, 
 when he removed to a farm on the White Horse 
 road, four miles from Camden and remained twelve 
 years. He then built and removed to his present 
 home at the west end of Haddonfield. A Repub- 
 lican in politics, Mr. Sheets has served as borough 
 commissioner of Haddonfield, but has never been 
 an active politician. He is a director of the First 
 National Bank of Camden and of the Haddonfield 
 Mutual Loan and Building Association. 
 
THE TOWNSHIP OF HADDON. 
 
 CHAPTEE XII. 
 
 Early History of Old Newton Township— Notes from Township 
 Records — Thoniaa Sharp's Account of the Newton Settlement — 
 Old Newton Friends Meeting — Schools — Camden and Philadelphia 
 Kace Course — Collingswood — Westmount. 
 
 The old township of Newton, the centre of 
 which is the present township of Haddon, was 
 erected in the same year the counties of Burling- 
 ton and Salem were formed, at which time (May, 
 1682) Burlington and Salem were the only towns 
 in West Jersey. There was surveyed to Francis 
 Collins, October 23d following, a tract of land ly- 
 ing partly in and south of what is now Haddon- 
 field, which was described as being "situate in 
 Newton Township." The settlers who resided on 
 the creek now known as Newton, named the creek, 
 the town they built, the Friends' Meeting-house 
 and ground and the township " Newton," which 
 name continued as long as they were in existence, 
 and of which only the creek remains. The bound- 
 aries of this township were not closely defined 
 until several years later, and, on the 1st of June, 
 1695, the grand jury returned the boundaries of 
 the townships of Gloucester County, under an act 
 of Assembly of 1694, for dividing counties into 
 townships. This return declares that " from ye 
 lowermost branch of Coopers Creek to ye south- 
 erly branch of Newton Creek, bordering Glouces- 
 ter, shall be another constablewick or township." 
 This was called Newton township, and Jeremiah 
 Bates was appointed constable and William Bates 
 and Thomas Sharp for regulating highways. Offi- 
 cers were appointed, but no effort was made to 
 keep township records until 1723, when Thomas 
 Sharp was instructed to buy a book for that pur- 
 pose. 
 
 No change was made in the limits of Newton 
 township from the time of its erection until No- 
 636 
 
 vember 28, 1831, one hundred and forty-nine years 
 after, when, by an act of the Legislature, the city 
 of Camden (having been erected as a city Febru- 
 ary 23, 1828, within the township of Newton) was 
 established as a separate township. The territory 
 taken from Newton by this act lay between Coop- 
 ers Creek and Kaighns Run. The township of 
 Newton, for over one hundred and fifty years, had 
 two voting places, one at Newton and one at Had- 
 donfield, when, on February 23, 1865, by an act of 
 the Legislature, the eastern part of Newton was 
 organized into a separate township and named 
 the township of Haddon. The western part of 
 Newton township retained its name and corporate 
 powers until five years later, when, by legislative 
 enactment, February 14, 1871, the old township of 
 Newton was annexed to the city of Camden, and 
 as a civil organization ceased to exist and has 
 since been known only to history. 
 
 Camden soon after was again sub-divided into 
 wards, and the remnants of old Newton became 
 the Eighth Ward of that city. Six years later, 
 April 5, 1878, the northern portion of the Eighth 
 Ward was annexed to Haddon township and so 
 remains. In 1870 the township, as it then existed, 
 contained a population of eight thousand four hun- 
 dred and thirty-seven and had within its limits 
 thirty-five industrial establishments. 
 
 The first settlers within the territory of Newton, 
 soon after their arrival took an important part in 
 the provincial government of West Jersey, and on 
 the 2d of May, 1682, only three months after their 
 settlement, William Cooper, Mark Newbie, Henry 
 Stacy, Francis Collins, Samuel Coles, Thomas 
 Howell and William Bates were chosen to re- 
 present the Third or Irish Tenth (of which New- 
 ton formed a part) in the Legislature of New 
 Jersey, which body then met at Burlington. The 
 persons chosen, with the exception of Samuel 
 
THE TOWNSHIP OF HaDDON. 
 
 637 
 
 Coles and Thomas Howell, were residents of New- 
 ton township. Samuel Coles resided at the mouth 
 of Coopers Creek, in what is now Stockton town- 
 ship, and Thomas Howell in what is now Dela- 
 ware township. The Third or Irish Tenth in- 
 cluded all the territory now embraced in Camden 
 County, extending from Pensaukin Creek to Tim- 
 ber Creek. The Fourth Tenth extended from 
 Timber Creek to Oldman Creek, and what is 
 now Gloucester County, although more thickly 
 settled, had no representation then in the Legis- 
 lature, as most of its inhabitants were Swedes. 
 
 Notes from Newton Township Eecokds. 
 — From 1682 to the year 1723 no record of the 
 proceedings of the people in their corporate capa- 
 city was kept. Thomas Sharp, in 1723, was ap- 
 pointed township clerk and ordered to purchase a 
 record-book for the use of the township. 
 
 The records as contained in this book were 
 begun on the 12th day of First Month (January) 
 1723, and were closed March 14, 1821. The first 
 town-meeting of which record was made was 
 held at Newton March 12, 1728, when Joseph 
 Cooper and John Gill were chosen overseers of the 
 poor and Thomas Sharp, clerk. At the next meet- 
 ing, March 9, 1724, Joseph Cooper and Thomas 
 Sharp were chosen freeholders ; John Eastlack and 
 John Gill, overseers of the poor ; Joseph Cooper, 
 Jr., assessor; William Cooper, collector; Jacob 
 Medcalf, Samuel Shivers, Joseph Kaighn and 
 Thomas Dennis, commissioners of highways. 
 
 At this meeting it was "agreed y» Jonathan 
 Bolton Give some Hay and Corn to Ann Morrises 
 horse, in order to make him capable to carry her 
 to y' place from whence she came, and y' she stay 
 here but untill the seventeenth day of this instant, 
 and after that the Overseers of the Poor flfbrce her 
 away. If she refuse to go and y' what charge is 
 expended in y» perfecting of it shall be allowed by 
 this Meeting. AVhat remains in the hands of John 
 Gill off the poor tax, as y" case is stated, amounts 
 to the sum off ffive pound, ffive shillings and ffive 
 
 pence." 
 
 For many years a list of the officers appointed 
 had to be laid before the Court of Quarter Sessions, 
 then held at Gloucester for approval. An in- 
 teresting feature of the old records is the many 
 names of the original families of the township, the 
 descendants of some of whom now reside in it. 
 Many of the early settlers whose names appear on 
 record have now no descendants living within 
 the limits of Camden County. The small amount 
 of lax collected contrasts strongly with the amount 
 now collected from the inhabitants of the same 
 territory. In 1733 the assessor was directed to ex- 
 77 
 
 tend his assessment to the mills, taverns and 
 ferries in the township. Sarah Norris' shop was 
 taxed twenty shillings, and the mill of John Kay, 
 ten shillings. 
 
 In 1737 the town-meeting was more specific, and 
 named the mills, shops, taverns and ferries. On 
 March 8th, in that year, Timothy Matlack was 
 assessed ten shillings ; Sarah Norris, 6s. 8d. ; they 
 each kept at that time a shop in Haddonfield. 
 October 24th Isaac Kay's mill was assessed ten 
 shillings, (it stood on the south branch of 
 Coopers Creek, in what is now Haddon township, 
 opposite the Joseph G. Evans mill, near Haddon- 
 field) ; John Breach, eight shillings, fulling-mill 
 located on the middle branch of Newton Creek ; 
 Sarah Norris' shop, 6s. 8rf., on site of Aaron C. 
 Clement's residence, in Haddonfield; Thomas 
 Perrywebb's blacksmith-shop, ten shillings, on the 
 site of Alfred W. Clement's store, on Main Street, 
 in Haddonfield ; Humphrey Day's ferry and tav- 
 ern, twenty shillings. 
 
 In 1749 there was assessed Isaac Kay's mill, 
 Thomas Eedman's drug-store, Mathias Aspden's 
 store, all at Haddonfield ; John Breach's fulling- 
 mill, Jacob Albertson's grist-mill and Daniel and 
 Benjamin Cooper, as operating ferries at the site 
 of Camden, and in this year boats and flats were 
 taxed. 
 
 In 1754 Josiah Harvey was assessed with a 
 fulling-mill, probably John Breach's, as his name 
 does not appear for the same year ; Thomas Red- 
 man, Mathias Aspden and Thomas Champion were 
 store-keepers ; Kay's and Albertson's mills were 
 still in operation ; and Hugh Creighton was oper- 
 ating a fulling-mill. 
 
 In 1770 the Legislature passed an act to prevent 
 swine from running at large in the streets of Had- 
 donfield. This act does not appear to have been 
 very popular, as at the town-meeting of 1775, by 
 a majority of two, a resolution was passed not to 
 enforce the law in the future. 
 
 The town-meetings were held generally in the 
 old Newton Friends' Meeting-house until the erec- 
 tion of the meeting-house at Haddonfield, in 
 1721, at which place it was held until 1787. At 
 the meeting in March, 1787, a resolution was 
 passed that the next annual town-meeting be held 
 at the school-house (which was built on the 
 Friends' Meeting-house lot) in Haddonfield. 
 
 Elections were held at the Newton Friends' 
 Meeting-house and at other places in the town- 
 ship. In the earlier years elections were con- 
 ducted by the sheriff of the county, who carried 
 the box from place to place, where designated, and 
 received the votes. An incident in this connec- 
 
638 
 
 HISTOKY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 tion is given, which shows the law and custom 
 governing the election, — 
 
 " Upon the meeting of the Legislature in 1716, 
 Daniel Coxe was returned as member of the State 
 Assembly in place of John Kay, and was chosen 
 Speaker. The proceedings of that body, however, 
 show in what way this occurred, for William Har- 
 rison, sheriff of Gloucester County, was arrested 
 and brought to the bar of the House, by the Ser- 
 geant-at-arms, and reprimanded for 'adjourning the 
 election poll from the great field ' near John Kay's 
 house to William Cooper's, several miles distant, 
 without the consent of the candidates, which was 
 contrary to the law. By this transaction, the de- 
 feat of John Kay was brought about, which led to 
 the censure of the chief executive of the county. 
 
 "John Kay, at that time, resided at the corn- 
 mill, and the 'great field ' was part of John Had- 
 don's estate, bounded by the King's Road and part 
 of the village of Haddonfield." 
 
 The town house of Newton was built at Had- 
 donfield in the simimer of 1854, since which elec- 
 tions have been held in that building. 
 
 The Newton Colony's Settlement. — The 
 causes of the settlement of West Jersey and the 
 action of the projjrietaries in reference to the di- 
 vision of the territory, are given in the first part of 
 this book. By this division, the proprietors, on 
 the 14th of January, 1681,' set off a tract of land 
 along the Delaware River, which extended from 
 the river eastward, between the Pensaukin Creek 
 and the Timber Creek, " so far into the woods as 
 to embrace sixty-four thousand acres."^ 
 
 This tract was designated by the proprietors as 
 a place of settlement for a company of immigrants 
 from Dublin, Ireland, and was named the Third 
 or Irish Tenth. 
 
 It will be noticed in the early history of Glou- 
 cester City (found elsewhere in this book) that as 
 early as 1677 attention was drawn to this section 
 of country by the London commissioners, who 
 were strongly inclined to settle at what is now 
 Gloucester City. They were persuaded to locate 
 at Burlington, but still determined to advocate 
 the selection of this locality as a good place for 
 settlement. Robert Zane, of Dublin, who proba- 
 bly came over in the ship with John Fenwick, was 
 in Salem as early as 1675, as he was one of the 
 founders of the Friends' Meeting established at 
 
 1 The (late lieie given is in tile old style, and in accoidanco with 
 the present calendar the date is January 14, 1682, as the year 1681 
 did not end until March 25th. 
 
 -' The east Hue of this tract was not definitely settled until IVOS 
 when Samuel Clement ran the head-lines of the old townships of 
 Gloucester County, which eventually became the boundary line of 
 Atlantic, Camden and Gloucester Counties. 
 
 that place in the year named. He does not ap- 
 pear, in the first few years after his arrival, to have 
 attempted to make a permanent location, but was 
 evidently examining the country with a view to 
 finding a site for himself and others who were still 
 in Dublin. Soon after the arrival of the London 
 and Yorkshire commissioners they described to 
 him the locality and their favorable impressions of 
 the region of country along the river. It is evi- 
 dent that a company was formed for the purpose 
 of emigration before he left his native land, as on 
 the 12th of April, 1677, a deed for one whole share 
 of propriety was made out by Edward Byllynge 
 and his trustees to Robert Turner, linen draper, 
 of Dublin ; Robert Zane, serge-maker, of Dublin ; 
 Thomas Thackara, stuff weaver, of Dublin ; Wm. 
 Bates, carpenter, of the county Wicklow, and Jo- 
 seph Slight, tanner, of Dublin. In the course of 
 a few years Joseph Slight disposed of his interest 
 to Anthony Sharp, Mark Newbie and others. 
 
 Thomas Sharp, a nephew of Anthony Sharp, 
 came to this country to settle and to act as agent 
 for his uncle in locating lands. He was a surveyor, 
 and was the first clerk of the county of Gloucester. 
 He wrote several accounts of the first settlers, one 
 of which is as follows : 
 
 " Ijct it be remembered, it having wrought upon 
 ye minds of some friends that dwelt in Ireland, 
 but such as formerly came thither from England ; 
 and a pressure having laid upon them for some 
 years, which they could not gett from the weight 
 of until they gave upp to leave their friends and 
 relations there, together with a comfortable sub- 
 sistence, to transport themselves and family into 
 this wilderness part of America, and thereby ex- 
 pose themselves to difficulties, which, if they could 
 have been easy where they were, in all probability 
 might never have been met with ; and in order 
 thereunto sent from Dublin in Ireland to one 
 Thomas Lurten, a friend in London, commander of 
 a pink, who accordingly came, and made an agree- 
 ment with him to transport them and their fam- 
 elys into New Jersey, viz. : Mark Newbie and fam- 
 ely, Thomas Thackara and famely, William Bates 
 and famely, George Goldsmith, an old man, and 
 Thomas Sharp, a young man, but no famelys, and 
 whilst the ship abode in the Dublin Harbor, pro- 
 viding for the voyage, said Thomas Lurten was 
 taken so ill that he could not perform ye same, so 
 that his mate, John Dagger, undertook it. And 
 upon the Nineteenth day of September, in the 
 year of our Lord 1681, we settsaile from the place 
 aforesaid, and through the good providence of God 
 towards us, we arrived at Elsinburg in the county 
 of Salem upon the 19th day of November follow- 
 
■>^^-. 
 
 
 Copy of Thomaa Sharp's Map, made A. D. 1700, and 
 B^oiring the owners' namfes at that time, now included 
 in Camden City, Haddon and Delaware Townships. 
 
THE TOWNSHIP OF HADDON. 
 
 639 
 
 ing, where we were well entertained at the houses 
 of the Thompsons, who came from Ireland about 
 four years before, who, by their industry, were ar- 
 rived at a very good degree of living, and from 
 thence we went to Salem, where were several 
 houses yt were vacant of persons, who had left 
 the town to settle in ye country, which served to 
 accommodate them for ye winter, and having thus 
 settled down their famelys, and the winter proving 
 moderate, we at Wickacoa among us purchased a 
 boate of the Swansons and so we went to Burling- 
 ton to the commissioners, of whom we obtained a 
 warrant of ye surveyor-general, which then was 
 Daniel Leeds ; and after some considerable search 
 to and fro in what then was called the Third or 
 Irish Tenth, we at last pitched upon the place 
 now called Newton, which was before the settle- 
 ment of Philadelphia, and then applied to s* sur- 
 veyor who came and laid it out for us and the next 
 spring, being the beginning of the year 1682, we 
 all removed from Salem together with Robert Zane, 
 that had been settled there, who came along from 
 Ireland with the Thompsons before hinted, and 
 having expectation ot our coming, only bought a 
 lott in Salem Town, upon the which he seated 
 himself untell our coming, whose proprietary 
 right and ours being of the same nature, could 
 not then take it in Fenwick's Tenth, and so be- 
 gan our settlement, and although we were at 
 times pretty hard bestead, having all our provis- 
 ions as far as Salem to fetch by water, yett, 
 through the mercy and kindness of God, we were 
 preserved in health, and from the extreme diffi- 
 culties. 
 
 " And immediately there was a meeting sett up 
 and kept at the house of Mark Newbie and in a 
 short time itgrew and increased unto which Wil- 
 liam Cooper and famely that lived at Poynte re- 
 sorted, and sometimes the meeting was kept at his 
 house, who had been settled some time before. Zeal 
 and fervency of spirit was what, in some degree, 
 at that time abounded among Friends in com- 
 memoration of our prosperous success and emi- 
 nent preservation, boath in our coming over the 
 great deep, as allso that whereas we were but 
 few at that time and the Indians many, whereby 
 itt putt a dread upon our spirits considering they 
 were a savage people, but ye Lord who hath the 
 hearts of all in his hands, turned them so as to be 
 serviceable to us and very loving and kinde, which 
 cannot be otherwise accounted for. And that the 
 rising generation may consider that the settlement 
 of this country was directed upon an impulse by 
 the spirits of God's people not so much for their 
 care and tranquillity, but rather for the poster- 
 
 ity yt should be after and that the wilderness 
 being planted with a good seed might grow and 
 increase to the satisfaction of the good husband- 
 man. But instead thereof, if for wheat it should 
 bring forth trees, the cud of the good husbandman 
 will be frustrate and they themselves will suffer 
 loss. This narrative I have thought good and 
 requisite to leave behind, as having had knowl- 
 edge of things from the beginning." 
 
 Another account Thomas Sharp wrote in Book 
 A, page 98, of Gloucester County deeds in the 
 office of the Secretary of State at Trenton. Af- 
 ter reciting the facts nearly as given above, he 
 continues, — 
 
 " The Surveyor-General was instructed to survey 
 unto every one of us so much land as by ye consti- 
 tution at yt time was allotted for a settlement 
 being five hundred acres, or yt we had a right to for 
 a taking it up under, which we accordingly ob- 
 tained. At which time also Robert Lane, who 
 came from ye city of Dublin and had been settled 
 in Salem four years before, joined in with us who 
 had a right to a tenth, Mark Newbie to a twentieth, 
 Thomas Thackara to a twentieth, Thomas Sharp 
 (out of his uncle Anthony Sharp's right) a twen- 
 tieth and George Goldsmith (under ye notion of 
 Thomas Starkey's right) a tenth, all which of us 
 excepting William Bates, who took his on ye 
 southerly side of Newton Creek — we took our laud 
 in one tract together for one thousand seven hun- 
 dred and fifty acres, bounding in ye forks of 
 Newton Creek and so over to Coopers Creek and 
 by a line of marked trees to a small branch of ye 
 fork creek and so down ye same as by ye certificate 
 of it standing upon record in ye Secretary oflSce it 
 doth .appear. And after some time, finding some 
 inconveniency in having our land in common 
 together, being at ye time settled at ye place now 
 called Newton in ye manner of a town, for fear as 
 aforesaid, at which being removed we came to an 
 agreement to divide, George Goldsmith be chosen 
 for the head of the creek, Thomas Sharp the forks 
 or lower end of the laud next toward the river, by 
 which means the rest kept to their settlements 
 without any disadvantage to themselves. And so 
 ye land was divided according to every man's 
 right. But it is to be understood, as I have so 
 much hinted before, that by ye constitution of ye 
 country at yt time, no person, let his right be 
 never so great, should survey and take up above 
 five hundred acres in one tract to make one settle- 
 ment of, and yt within six months or- otherwise it 
 was free for any other person that had rights to 
 land to survey it to himself, as if it had never been 
 taken up for any other person. Whereupon many 
 
640 
 
 HISTOEY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 were obliged, in order to secure good places to 
 themselves, to give one hundred acres to secure the 
 rest, and many were deterred from taking up their 
 land yt could not find means to secure it, least 
 they should spend money to no profit. Now ye 
 state of ye case touching George Goldsmith (hav- 
 ing a full and certain knowledge thereof) is this 
 wise: Thomas Starkey did desire and order 
 George Goldsmith to take up some land for him in 
 West Jersey, where it is reasonable to suppose he 
 had a right, but brought nothing with him to make 
 it appear, and ye commissioners at yt time gave 
 way by ye credit of the report of ye rest concerned 
 that he might take up five hundred acres, but it 
 never was returned in Starkey's name. George 
 Goldsmith being uneasy under ye circumstances, he 
 writ several times to Thomas Starkey giving him 
 to understand he had taken up five hundred acres 
 of land for him, provided he would allow him one 
 hundred acres of it for settling the same, as a 
 general custom then was ; the letters either mis- 
 carried, or otherwise the demand being ungrateful 
 to him he answered them in silence. Supposing 
 as it may be supposed yt ye land being taken up 
 for him could not be taken from him it could not be 
 allowed . . . whereupon George made application 
 to Robert Turner and layeth his case before him 
 signifying if he would allow him one hundred 
 acres of yt land whereon he had made his improve- 
 ments he would suffer him to take up yt five hun- 
 dred acres in his own right. Robert taking the 
 matter in due consideration and searching the 
 records at Burlington about it and finding it so to 
 be recorded in George Goldsmith's name, who had 
 no right at any time to take up any land in yt 
 province, agrees to survey it for himself, and ac- 
 cordingly did, and records it as such in the Secre- 
 tary's Ofiice, conveys one hundred acres of ye same 
 according to agreement to George Goldsmith and 
 unto his heirs and assigns forever. The other four 
 hundred acres he sold unto Isaac Hollingsham. 
 The foregoing is a true relation of yt settlement of 
 Newton, as also a true and impartial account of 
 ye foregoing tract of land settled by George Gold- 
 smith. Given under my hand the 3* month 3"" 
 1718. 
 
 " Thomas Sharp, 
 " Allowed by John Kay, the 3" month 4'" 1718." 
 In addition to the tract of seventeen hundred 
 and fifty acres, these persons located a tract of one 
 hundred acres of meadow land at the mouth of 
 Kaighns Run, on both sides of it and fronting the 
 Delaware River, now in the city of Camden. This 
 was done for the purpose of procuring hay for their 
 cattle, and was divided into smaller tracts in 1684. 
 
 Robert Zane, in the allotment, took a tract on the 
 Delaware south to the stream and Robert Turner 
 took the part south of it also on the Delaware. The 
 other tracts were up the Run and were long and 
 narrow, with the Run passing through each, Thomas 
 Sharp adjoining Zane and Turner, and in order 
 above were the lots of William Bates, Thomas 
 Thackara and Hannah Newbie, the widow of 
 Mark. 
 
 It has been mentioned that William Bates lo- 
 cated on the south side of the middle branch of New- 
 ton Greek. In the division of the large tract lying 
 south of the middle branch, Thomas Sharp's por- 
 tion lay on the main stream and up the south 
 branch. Next above was Mark Newbie, Thomas 
 Thackara, Robert Zane and the Robert Turner 
 (Starkey) tract. 
 
 William Roydon, a grocer of London, located 
 the first tract of land, four hundred and fifty acres, 
 at the site of Camden, September 20, 1681, and a 
 little later William Cooper located a survey of 
 three hundred acres (which bears date June 12 
 1682), at Pyne Point (now known as Coopers 
 Point), where there was a large Indian settlement 
 under the chieftain Arasapha. Cooper came from 
 Coles Hill, England, in 1678, and settled at Bur- 
 lington, from which place he removed to Pyne 
 Point upon the location of the land above alluded 
 to. 
 
 Francis Collins, in October, 1682, located a tract 
 of five hundred acres of land, a part of which is 
 now the site of Haddonfield. 
 
 Samuel Coles and Thomas Howell settled in the 
 limits of the present townships of Delaware and 
 Stockton. A few other settlers followed in the 
 same year. The land on which Zane, Thackara, 
 Newbie, Sharp, Bates and Goldsmith settled was 
 surveyed to them March 10, 1681, and soon after 
 that time it was divided. 
 
 Early Settlers and their Descendants. 
 — Robert Zane, who was the pioneer in the move- 
 ment, had in the division selected five hundred 
 acres on the upper course of the creek, which ex- 
 tended from Newton Creek to Coopers Creek, and 
 which now includes the property of Edward C. 
 Knight and others. He was elected to the first 
 Legislature of the province in 1682, re-elected in 
 1685, and was constable of the township in 1684-85. 
 
 In Sharp's map of 1700 his house is marked as 
 being along the middle branch of Newton Creek, a 
 short distance above where the Camden and White 
 Horse turnpike crosses that stream. He was mar- 
 ried, in 1679, to Alice Alday, of Burlington, sup- 
 posed to be an Indian maiden, and had several 
 children, of whom nothing is known. His second 
 

THE TOWNSHIP OF HADDON. 
 
 641 
 
 wife was Elizabeth Willis, of Hempstead, L. I. 
 She died in 1700, leaving five children. The fam- 
 ily emigrated to the West, where the name became 
 noted in the early settlements about Wheeling, Va. 
 and Zanesville, O. ' ' 
 
 Edward C. Knight, long and prominently 
 identified with the internal improvements of New 
 Jersey and Pennsylvania, was born within the 
 present territory of Camden County on the 8th 
 day of December, 1813. Giles Knight,, his pater- 
 nal ancestor, was a native of Gloucestershire, 
 England, came to America in 1683 with William 
 Penn in the "Welcome," and settled in Byberry, 
 where he died in 1726. Jonathan and Rebecca 
 CoUings Knight, the parents of E. C. Knight, were 
 members of the Society of Friends. His father died 
 in 1823, before E. C. Knight was ten years old, and 
 his mother followed in 1867, at the age of seventy- 
 eight. 
 
 Jonathan and Rebecca Knight had seven chil- 
 dren; four sons died young; those living are— E. 
 C, Martha W. (wife of Jas. H. Stephenson) and 
 Sarah C. (widow of Aaron A. Hurley). E. C. 
 Knight was married to Anna M. Magill, July 20, 
 1841, by whom he had five children, three of whom 
 are dead,— Jonathan at the age of twenty-five, 
 Anna, six years, and Ed. C, Jr., twenty months. 
 Those left are Annie C. and Ed. C. Knight, Jr., 
 who was married, June 31, 1886, to Miss Clara Wa- 
 terman Dwight, daughter of Edmund P. and 
 Clara W. Dwight of Philadelphia. 
 
 In 1830, Edw. C. Knight entered mercantile life 
 as a clerk in a store at Kaighns Point, now the 
 southern part of the city of Camden, and contin- 
 ued in that position two years. In 1832 he went 
 to Philadelphia and was engaged as clerk in the 
 grocery store of Atkinson & Cuthbert, at the 
 South Street wharf on the Delaware River. In 
 May, 1836, he established a grocery store on Sec- 
 ond Street, giving his mother an interest in the 
 business. A few years later he obtained a share 
 in the schooner " Baltimore," and was engaged in 
 the importation of coffee and other products of 
 the West Indies to Philadelphia. In September, 
 1846, he removed to the southeast corner of Chest- 
 nut and Water Streets and there carried on the 
 wholesale grocery, commission, importing and re- 
 fining business, first alone, and subsequently the 
 firm of E. C. Knight & Co. was formed. In 1849 
 this firm became interested in the California trade, 
 and owned and sent out the first steamer that ever 
 plied the waters above Sacramento City. This 
 firm also originated the business of importing mo- 
 lasses and sugar from Cuba to the United States 
 and has since been extensively engaged in the re- 
 
 fining of sugar. Two large molasses-houses and 
 one extensive refinery at Bainbridge Street and 
 one at Queen Street wharf, Philadelphia, have been 
 operated by E. C. Knight & Co., and have been for 
 the past twenty-five years. The size and capacity 
 of the refinery can be comprehended when it is 
 stated that it is usual to turn out from one thou- 
 sand to fifteen hundred barrels of sugar per day. 
 
 But while for many years Mr. Knight has been 
 looked upon as one of Philadelphia's most promi- 
 nent and most honored merchants, he has of late 
 been mainly recognized as one of the leading rail- 
 road managers of the Quaker City. Years ago he 
 was a director in the Lackawanna and Bloomsburg, 
 the West Jersey and other railroad companies. 
 Finally he became a director in the Pennsylvania 
 Railroad Company. It was largely through his 
 instrumentality, as chairman of a committee of the 
 latter corporation, that the American Steamship 
 Line, between Philadelphia and Europe, was 
 established, and Mr. Knight was pre.sident of the 
 steamship line in question. He finally withdrew 
 from the board of directors of the Pennsylvania 
 Railroad Company and thereafter his interests 
 were centred elsewhere. He was a director in the 
 Central Railroad Company of New Jersey and 
 was from 1876 to 1880 its president. In 1874 
 Mr. Knight was chosen president of the Bound 
 Brook Railroad Company, a position which he 
 now holds. He was a director in the Philadelphia 
 and Reading and in the North Pennsylvania Rail- 
 road Companies. 
 
 Mr. Knight has at various times been connected 
 with a number of institutions of high standing in 
 this city. He has, however, withdrawn from all 
 banking and trust companies except the Guarantee 
 Trust and Safe Deposit Company, of which he is 
 at present the vice-president. 
 
 While not an ofiice-seeker, Mr. Knight is in 
 every sense of the word a public man. In 1856 
 he was nominated by the American, Whig and 
 Reform parties for Congress, in the old First Dis- 
 trict of Pennsylvania. In 1860 he was an elector 
 on the Republican Presidential ticket from the 
 same district. He was a member of the State 
 Constitutional Convention in 1873, his sound opin- 
 ions and advice as a business man having material 
 weight in the formulation of much of the best 
 material in the present organic law of the Com- 
 monwealth. In December, 1883, he was appointed 
 a member of the Park Commission by the judges 
 of the Court of Common Pleas. 
 
 In semi-public affairs Mr. Knight has likewise 
 been a prominent factor. He is, and has for 
 years been, one of the directors of the Union 
 
642 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 League and is now one of its yico-presidents. He 
 was also the president and one of the most active 
 promoters of the Bi-Centennial Association of 
 ]8S2. 
 
 Mr. Knight is in every sense of the word one 
 of Philadelphia's most public-spirited citizens, 
 and a man whose name is a synonym for integrity 
 and honor. 
 
 On the evening of May 7, 188C, a banquet was 
 given to E. C. Knight, and the Kvcniiui liullctiii of 
 that date has an article in reference to it, a part of 
 which we quote, — 
 
 "Fii'TY \'i:ahs in Busim:ss.— A 'rESTiMONiAi. Banquet to Mu. 
 E. 0. Kniciit TIMS "KvENiNi; AT TiiK Union LEAtM'K. — I'Mfty yofti's 
 ago to-diiy Eilward C. Knit^lit, wlin, Id the last half century, has de- 
 veloped into oneof thL' moat prominent of Philadelphia's citizens, en- 
 tered the grocery buHineMa on Second Street, opposite Almond, lie 
 was then but twenty-three years of ago, but ho siion evinced a n'- 
 markable tact and conunorciiil encrjiy, and in a short time became 
 the head of the firm of E. I'. Knight it Co., \vluch conducted the 
 wholesale grocery, commission, importing, shipping and sugar re- 
 finery business on a large scale. Some weeks ago a number of citi- 
 zens conceivnd the idea of celebrating (liellftieth anniversary of the 
 birth of Mr. Knight's business career, and aa a result of the move- 
 ment then started, a banquet will be given this evening in his honor 
 at the Union League. The Commitloc of Arrangements was or- 
 ganized a mouth ago, with Mr. John Wananiaker, chairman ; Mr. 
 Wm. 1 1. Rhawn, secretary ; and Mr. Geo. S. Fox, treasurer; tlio 
 chair named the following sub-coinmittees : 
 
 " CLiinmittci'on invitations — Mi^ssrw. Tlios. (Sichran, Honi-y Lewis 
 and Bonj. Reiff. Committee un Bistiuguisbed (iuests — Messrs. 
 Clayton MoMichael, E. IT. Fitter and .T. "Wesley Snpplee. i'om- 
 u'ittee on Banquet — IMossrs. Joseph F. Tobias, Wni. U. Hurley and 
 Geo. S. Fox. Committee un Speakers— Messrs. Alex. P. Coleaberry, 
 Chaa. IT. Cramp and Hamilton Disston. The price of subscriptionH 
 to the banquet was fixed at ten dollars per head and the number 
 limited tu two hundred, the capacity of the banqueting hall of the 
 League. 
 
 "Amougtlie move prominent gentlemen who have been tenderi'd 
 invitations and wlio are expected to lie present are : Bi'esident Liar 
 rett and Vice-President King, of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad 
 Company ; ex-Senutor Cattell, of New Jersey; Liovernur Pattison, 
 Attorney-General (lasaidy, Chief Jusliee Mtircur, e.\-Governor 
 Bcdle, Chancellor Rnnyonand Chief Justice Beasley, of New Jersey 
 Mayor Smith and Geo. B. Roberts. 
 
 " The toasts and addii'sacH will be as folluwH ; 'Our GuesI,' re 
 sponded tn by Mr. Knight ; ' The State of Penuflylvitnia,' Attorney- 
 General Cassidy ; 'Slate of New Jersey,' A. G. Cattell; 'Judiciai-y 
 of Pennsylvania,' (Ihief Jiislice Mwrciir; 'City of l^hiladelphia,' 
 Maym- Sniitli ; ' Grocers of Philadelphia,' John Hough ; ' Our Mann- 
 fncturerri,' .las. Dobsou ; ' The Press,' Colonel Clayton McMichael ; 
 'Commercial As-sociatien of Philadelphia,' Julm Price NA'etherill." 
 
 The banquet was a great success and a well mer- 
 ited eomplimeiit to an honnrttble business career 
 of fifty years. 
 
 Thomas Sharp, one of the party who eame over 
 in September, 1681, was the nephew of Anthony 
 Sharp, of Dublin, a wealthy merchant, who became 
 possessed of several shares of the propriety and 
 conveyed to Thomas a part, who, upon his arrival, 
 acted as the agent of his uni'le in the sale and loca- 
 tion of the remainder. He was then a young man 
 and soon gained the confidence of his companions 
 
 and became the leader in many directions. His 
 records of the events of the time are unquestioned 
 authority. He became constable of the Irish Tenth 
 in 1682, and acted with the same authority as sher- 
 iff. He wa.s active in the organization of the 
 county of Gloucester and has left the account of 
 that action in the court records. He was made 
 clerk of the new county and was also a surveyor. 
 The majis, surveys, memoranda and other papers 
 are of much value, both for historical purposes and 
 for determining land titles. In 1685 he was chosen 
 member of Assembly. In 1689 he laid out the town 
 of Gloucester and in the same year wtis jippoinled 
 one of a commission to run the boundary line 
 between Gloucester and Burlington Counties. In 
 1700 he was appointed one of the judges of the 
 county of Gloucester, and was also one of the 
 trustees of Newton Friends' Meeting, and no doubt 
 assisted in the erection of the first house of wor- 
 ship. He surveyed the lot and wrote the deed for 
 the Haddonfield Meeting in 1721. His name ap- 
 pears upon the records of Burlington, Salem and 
 Wodtlbury oftoner than that of any other man of 
 the time in which he lived. 
 
 In the division of the large tractof land he says, 
 " I took the forks, or lower end of the land next 
 towards the river." Upon this he built, cleared 
 part of it for farming purposes and improved some 
 meadow land. On the map executed by hinisell', 
 his house is marked as being on the bank of New- 
 ton Creek. In 1708 he was made ranger of the 
 county, and in 1723 began to keep the records in the 
 town-book of Newton, which he continued till 
 1728, when his son Samuel succeeded him. He 
 died the next year, 1729, and was probably buried 
 in the old Newton burying-ground. He married 
 Elizabeth Winn in 1701, by whom he had eight 
 children. In 172o he gave to his son Samuel part 
 of the homestead property and part to his son 
 John, who, in 1731, sold to his brother Samuel and 
 moved to I;ondoii, where he carried on the business 
 of a weaver. Samuel sold the land to Tobias Hol- 
 loway. The property was known as the Bur- 
 roughs Farm and later was owned by the Cham- 
 pions. A daughter, Elizabeth, married John Hoi- 
 lowell, of Darby, Pa., where her descendants are 
 numerous. 
 
 Mark Newbie's tractin the division is marked by 
 Thomas Sharp as lying opposite to William Bates', 
 and his house as being nearly opposite that of 
 of Bates. He was an Englishman, a resident of 
 London and a tallow chandler and a member of 
 the Society of Friends. The persecutions against 
 the Society had led him, with many others, to re- 
 move to Dublin, with a view of emigrating to 
 
THE TOWNSHIP OP HAJDDON. 
 
 643 
 
 America. He joined Sharp, Bates, Thackara and 
 others, and came with them. It was at his house 
 the first religious meeting of Friends was set up 
 and continued until the meeting-house was built, 
 in 1684. He also was the founder of the first bank 
 in the State of New Jersey. 
 
 A charter was granted to him at the session of 
 the Legislature in May, 1682, which provided "that 
 Mark Newby's half-pence called Patrick's half- 
 pence, shall from and after the eighteenth instant 
 pass for half-pence current pay of the Province, 
 provided he give sufficient security to the Speaker 
 of the House, and provided no person or persons 
 shall be obliged to take more than five shillings in 
 one payment." 
 
 He died in 1683, and his bank was discontinued. 
 The half-penny was .struck in Ireland after the 
 massacre of Roman Catholics in 1641, simply to 
 commemorate the event, and did not circulate as 
 coin in the old country. It, however, was brought 
 here in quantities, and being recognized by the 
 Legislature in the charter to Mark Newby, it an- 
 swered their purpose for several years. Mark 
 Newby was a member of the Assembly in May, 
 1682, and was selected a member of the Governor's 
 Council. He was also one of the commissioners 
 for the division of land in ihe province and one of 
 the committee of ways and means to raise money 
 for the use of the government. He left a widow, 
 Hannah (who, in 1685, married James Atkinson), 
 two sons, Stephen and Edward, and two daughters, 
 Rachel and Elizabeth, all of whom came to this 
 country with their father. 
 
 Stephen Newby, in 1703, married Elizabeth Wood, 
 daughter of Henry, and settled on the homestead 
 and died in 1706, leaving two children, — Mark and 
 Hannah ; the former died in 1735, and Hannah 
 married Joseph Thackara. Edward Newby, in 
 1706, married Hannah Chew, and settled on the 
 north of the fork branch on three hundred and 
 fifty acres of land his father owned. He died in 
 1715 and left several children, of whom Gabriel 
 married and left a son John, who, March 14, 1764 
 conveyed all the unso Id land to Isaac Cooper, in 
 whose name and family it still remains. 
 
 Elizabeth, a daughter of Mark Newby, in 1714, 
 married John Hugg, whose first wife was Priscilla 
 Collins. They resided near Gloucester, where Lit- 
 tle Timber Creek falls into Great Timber Creek. 
 It is through the families of Hugg and Thackara 
 that the family is now represented in the county. 
 Rachel Newby, a daughter of Mark, probably the 
 eldest child, married Isaac Decou, in 1695, and 
 settled in Burlington County, where part of the 
 family still resides. 
 
 Thomas Thackara, who settled above Mark 
 Newby, went from near L eeds, England, to Dub- 
 lin, to escape persecution, as did many of the 
 Friends. He was a " stuff weaver," and, in 1677, 
 was one of the grantees of the deed made to Robert 
 Turner, William Bates, Mark Newby and others, 
 for real estate in New Jersey, and in 1681 he came 
 to this country with the party of emigrants who 
 had decided to settle upon the Third or Irish 
 Tenth. He was the first to separate his interest 
 from the others, and took two hundred and fifty 
 acres as his share ; and in 1695 he purchased two 
 hundred acres of land of Isaac Holiingsham, part 
 of the Robert Turner tract, which extended his es- 
 tate from Newton Creek to Coopers Creek. The 
 tract of two hundred and fifty acres first taken up 
 embraced the old Newton graveyard, near which 
 the old meeting-house stood. His house was situ- 
 ated on the site of the present farm buildings on 
 the John Campbell farm, where he continued until 
 his death, about 1702. The land, except sixty 
 acres, descended to his son Benjamin, who con- 
 veyed fifty acres to his brother-in-law, John East- 
 lack, and devised the remainder to his son Joseph, 
 who resurveyed it in 1760. It passed to his son 
 Stephen, and from him to his sons, Joseph, James 
 and Thomas, and from them to strangers. 
 
 Thomas Thackara became a member of the first 
 Legislature in 1682, and in the same year was ap- 
 pointed, with Mark Newby and William Cooper, 
 one of the judges of the court for the Irish Tenth, 
 and there continued until 1685. He was appoint- 
 ed one of the land commissioners of the province 
 and was, with William Cooper, selected by the So- 
 ciety of Friends to sign the address of the Newton 
 Meeting to the Yearly Meeting of London, protest- 
 ing against the conduct of George Keith. His first 
 wife died in a few years, and in 1689 he was married 
 to Hepzibah Eastlack, a daughter of Francis 
 Eastlack, at the house of James Atkinson. His 
 children were Benjamin (who, in 1707, married 
 Mary, a daughter of William Cooper, who settled 
 at Coopers Point), Thomas, Hannah, Sarah and 
 Hepzibah. Benjamin died in 1727 and left three 
 children, — Joseph, Hannah and Mary. Hannah 
 Thackara, daughter of Thomas, married John 
 Whitall, at her father's house, in 1696, at which 
 time her father presented her a deed for sixty 
 acres of land, part of the homestead estate. It is 
 now included in the Decosta property. 
 
 William Bates, a carpenter, in 1670, lived in the 
 county of Wicklow, Ireland, and was a regular at- 
 tendant at meetings of Friends, at one of which he 
 was, with others, seized, taken to jail and confined 
 several weeks. The persecution of Friends con- 
 
644 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 tinued, and many were discussing the question of 
 emigration. In the grant from Edward Byllinge 
 and trustees and others to Robert Turner, linen 
 draper, of Dublin ; Robert Zane, serge-maker, of 
 Dublin ; Thomas Thackara, stuff-weaver, of Dub- 
 lin. William Bates is also mentioned as carpenter 
 and of the county of Wicklow. It will be remem- 
 bered that Robert ^ane preceded the others to this 
 country and selected a site on which they were to 
 settle. William Bates, for some reason unknown, 
 located two hundred and fifty acres on the south 
 side of the middle branch of the stream, while the 
 others were on the north side. Two years later he 
 made another survey adjoining, and of the same 
 number of acres, and also purchased a tract of 
 Robert Turner adjoining, which is now known 
 as the Ridgeway and Eldridge lands. His house 
 was located on the Ridgeway farm, near the mouth 
 of Bates Bun. He, as a carpenter, doubtless 
 planned and constructed the old log meeting- 
 house at Newton, in 1684. In 1683 and 1684 
 he was a member of the Legislature from the 
 Irish Tenth. He died in 1700, and left children 
 who had reached maturity, — Jeremiah, Joseph 
 (who, in 1701, married Mercy Clement), Abi- 
 gail (married Joshua Frame, in 1687), Wil- 
 liam and Sarah. The latter became the wife 
 of Simeon Ellis. Jeremiah married Mary, 
 a daughter of Samuel Spicer, settled on part 
 of the original tract, and left it to his son William. 
 The greater part of the estate is now owned by 
 Joseph C. Hollinshead, Edward and William Bet- 
 tie. It was on the Bates tract the Camden and 
 Philadelphia race-course was built, in later years, 
 an account of which is here given. 
 
 George Goldsmith, who Thomas Sharp describes 
 as " an old man," came over in the pink called 
 " Ye Owner's Adventure," with the other settlers, 
 and was the last of the six who formed the early 
 settlement of Newton. He was a poor man, 
 and had no rights to property. It is evident, 
 however, that he was authorized to locate five hun- 
 dred acres for one Thomas Starkey, as he was al- 
 lowed to do so, and his right was included 
 in the tract of seventeen hundred and fifty 
 acres. In the division of this tract his survey ex- 
 tended from Newton Creek to Coopers Creek. 
 Upon close investigation it was found Starkey fail- 
 ed to complete the title, and Goldsmith induced 
 Robert Turner to take out a title to the survey 
 and to give him one hundred acres for his trouble, 
 as was the custom. This was done, and Turner 
 granted to Goldsmith one hundred acres, in two 
 tracts — eighty acres on the north branch of Newton 
 Creek, and twenty acres evidently at the mouth of 
 
 the same, as is shown by Thomas Sharp's map. 
 This last tract was of the land located by Sharp, 
 but, in 1700, appears to be Turner's. The deed passed 
 from Turner to Goldsmith 30th of Ninth Month, 
 1687, and was sold by him the next day to Stephen 
 Newby. He purchased eighty acres of land, adjoin- 
 ing his upper lot, of Francis Collins. This increased 
 his tract to one hundred acres, and it is marked on the 
 creek " about as high as the tide flows." The place 
 is still known as Goldsmith's Field. He built 
 a grist-mill at the place wh-ere the present mill of 
 J. J. Schnitzius is located. The land is known as 
 the James Dobbs farm. The remainder of the 
 Goldsmith-Starkey tract of five hundred acres 
 Robert Turner sold, in 1693, to Isaac Hollingsham, 
 whose son Isaac later sold it to Sarah Ellis, widow 
 of Simeon. Her son Joseph settled upon it and in 
 time it passed out of the name, but still remained 
 in the family, and was bought by Jacob Stokes, 
 who, in 1749, married Priscilla Ellis. 
 
 Goldsmith appears to have owned other lands, 
 as, in 1693, he sold rights to William Albertson, 
 and, in 1694, land to Nicholas Smith, in 1695 one 
 hundred acres to John Iverson, and in 1697 one 
 hundred acres to Margaret Ivins. This land was 
 all in Newton towship, and near the place of his 
 first settlement. He evidently moved from this 
 region, as his name disappears soon after. 
 
 Robert Turner, although never a resident of 
 New Jersey, was interested with the first settlers 
 of Newton, and was one of the grantees of the 
 deed made, in April, 1677, for real estate in New 
 Jersey. He was an Irish Quaker, and engaged 
 in merchandising in the city of Dublin. After 
 the grant of the territory of Pennsylvania to Wil- 
 liam Penn, with whom he was intimately associa- 
 ted, he closed his business in Ireland and removed 
 to Philadelphia in 1683. Mention has been made 
 of his dealings with George Goldsmith ; he also 
 purchased other and large tracts of land in the 
 township, parts of which are now in the city of 
 Camden. The land of the Graysburys, on the 
 south side of the main branch of Newton Creek, 
 was located by him, and during the first five years 
 of the settlement he was probably the largest land- 
 owner. In 1685, although not resident of the 
 colony, he was choseu a representative of the 
 Third Tenth in the Legislature of West New Jer- 
 sey. His lands in the township were gradually 
 sold to others, who settled upon them. 
 
 In the year 1692 James, Joseph and Benjamin 
 Graysbury, brothers and ship carpenters, came 
 from the Island of Bermuda to Philadelphia, and 
 the next year purchased five hundred acres of 
 land mentioned above of Robert Turner. James 
 
THE TOWNSHIP OF HADDON. 
 
 645 
 
 died in 1700, and left his share of the estate to his 
 son James and two sisters, who, in 1722, sold their 
 interest to James, who had settled upon it. Joseph, 
 one of the brothers, died without issue, and his 
 interest passed to James, his nephew. In 1720 the 
 children of Benjamin sold their interest in the 
 tract to James. Before the death of the brothers, 
 and in 1696, John Willis, a ship carpenter of 
 Philadelphia, bought fifty acres of the tract. It 
 was at the head of navigation of the branch, and 
 the locality was later known as Atmore's Dam. 
 John Willis built at the place a small brick house, 
 one and a half stories high, with a hipped roof, 
 small windows and low, narrow doors. The main 
 road leading from Philadelphia to Egg Harbor, 
 crossed the stream at the place, and the house was 
 used as a tavern by Joseph Kirlee, whose son 
 John, in 1718, sold the property to Thomas At- 
 more, by whom it was owned until his death, in 
 1773, when it passed to Caleb Atmore, who, in 1783, 
 sold it to Benjamin Graysbury. The original 
 Graysbury tract includes the late Joseph Few 
 Smith (now William Bettle) estate on the east and 
 other lands westward. The old Graysbury grave- 
 yard is on this tract. The Atmore Dam is men- 
 tioned in old records and papers, and was built to 
 protect the meadows in the vicinity from overflow 
 by the tides. 
 
 Francis Collins, who came to this country about 
 1678, was a bricklayer of London and a Friend. 
 He was married in 1663, and conducted his busi- 
 ness in that city. For his adherence to the prin- 
 ciples of the Friends he was imprisoned with 
 many others. The Friends' Meeting-house in the 
 parish of Stepney, in the city of London, was de- 
 stroyed by a mob, and in 1676 Francis Collins 
 rebuilt it. In 1677 he, with Richard Mew, of 
 Eatliff, and John Bull, of London, both merchants, 
 purchased of Edward Byllynge, certain shares of 
 propriety in New Jersey, He came to this country 
 soon after with his wife and family, composed of a 
 son Joseph and several daughters. He appears to 
 have resided near Burlington, and in 1682 erected 
 the Friends' Meeting-house in that place, and in 
 the next year built the court-house and market- 
 house, for which he received one thousand acres of 
 land and two hundred pounds in money. The 
 first land taken up by him was in Newton town- 
 ship, and embraced five hundred acres. The sur- 
 vey bears date October 23, 1682. Two days later 
 four hundred and fifty acres adjoining was sur- 
 veyed in his right. The first tract was located 
 on the west side of the King's road, and the new 
 part of Haddonfield is built upon it. The next 
 survey was adjoining to the southwest and extended 
 78 
 
 to the south branch of Newton Creek. To secure 
 a landing on Coopers Creek, he located one hun- 
 dred and seventeen acres, which later he sold to 
 Richard Gray, whose son John, in 1746, conveyed 
 it to Ebenezer Hopkins. It is now mostly owned 
 by the heirs of John E. Hopkins and Joseph C. 
 Stoy. He settled upon the tract, and first located 
 and built a house on the hill south of the village 
 of Haddonfield, and named the homestead "Mount- 
 well." It afterward passed to his son Joseph, by the 
 first wife, and later to Samuel Clement, who erected 
 the house that was destroyed by fire in 1874. The 
 site is now occupied by Reilly's Seminary. The 
 house when first built was isolated and about five 
 miles from the Newton settlement, and even in 
 the year 1700 Thomas Sharp marked on his map 
 but five houses between Mountwell and Newton. 
 
 Francis Collins was active in the political affairs 
 of the colony, and in 1683 was chosen a member 
 of the Assembly to represent the Irish Tenth, and 
 returned in 1684. Upon the election of Sam- 
 uel Jennings as Governor of the State, in May, 
 1683, Francis Collins was selected by him as one 
 of his Council. He was in this session also ap- 
 pointed a commissioner to divide lands and to regu- 
 late lines. 
 
 Upon his return to the Assembly, in 1684, he was 
 selected as one of the judges of the courts of West 
 Jersey, which position he held for several years. 
 On the 21st December, 1686, Francis Collins 
 married, as his second wife, Mary Goslin, a 
 daughter of Thomas Budd, and at that time the 
 widow of Dr. John Goslin, of Burlington ; later he 
 removed to Northampton, Burlington County, 
 where he died about 1720. His first wife died 
 soon after his settlement in this country, leaving 
 him six children — Joseph, Sarah, Rebecca, Priscil- 
 la, Margaret and Elizabeth. He owned large 
 tracts of land and, from time to time, conveyed 
 portions to his children. Sarah married Dr. Rob- 
 ert Dimsdale and settled on Dimsdale Run, a 
 branch of Rancocas Creek, in Burlington County, 
 where her husband erected a large brick house. 
 In 1688 he returned to England and died in 1718, 
 after which his widow returned to Haddonfield 
 and lived until her death, in 1739. In 1714 her 
 father deeded her a tract of four hundred and 
 sixty acres, extending from near Haddonfield 
 southwesterly to the south branch of Newton 
 Creek. April 1, 1725, Sarah Dimsdale sold the 
 tract to Simeon Breach and Caleb Sprague, who, 
 the next year, divided it. It is now the estate of 
 the Hinchoians, Nicholsons, Willits and others. 
 
 Of the other daughters of Francis Collins by 
 the first wife, Rebecca married Thomas Briant, 
 
646 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEESEY. 
 
 Priscilla became the wife of John Hugg and set- 
 tled on Timber Creek, near Gloucester, Margaret 
 married Elias Hugg and Elizabeth married Josiah 
 Southwick. Joseph, the only son by the first wife, 
 became the owner of the homestead by convey- 
 ance, and died in 1741, leaving a son Benjamin 
 and daughters Sarah (married to Simon Ellis), 
 Catherine (married Thomas Ellis) and Rebecca 
 (married to Samuel Clement). Benjamin was a 
 carpenter and resided in Haddonfield and died in 
 1756. A part of the Mountwell tract was conveyed 
 to him by his father, who, in 1735, conveyed the 
 remainder of the estate, now in the village of 
 Haddonfield, to Samuel and Rebecca Clement. 
 
 John Haddon was a Friend and a resident of 
 the parish of St. George, in the county of Surrey, 
 England, a suburb of London, on the east side 
 of the Thames. He was a blacksmith and made 
 anchors. By his industry and economy he ac- 
 cumulated a large estate and became interested 
 in the little colony forming in New Jersey. He 
 purchased, in 1695 or 1696, a right of propriety of 
 Richard Mathews, and in 1698 bought of Thomas 
 Willis, son of John, a tract of five hundred acres 
 lying on the north side of Coopers Creek, embracing 
 Coles Landing, two miles below Haddonfield, which 
 was located 26th of Sixth Month, 1686, by John 
 Willis, which was resurveyed for Johu Estaugh, 
 attorney for John Haddon, 6th of Twelfth Month, 
 1707. He also purchased a large tract now lying 
 in the townships of Delaware and Waterford, which 
 is marked on Sharp's map as containing eight hun- 
 dred and thirty-eight acres and known as " King's 
 land." Two hundred acres of this tract was sold, 
 in 1717, to William Matlock, and subsequently 
 passed to Richard M, Cooper, and is now owned 
 by his son, Alexander Cooper. 
 
 John Haddon had two daughters — Sarah and 
 Elizabeth. The former married Benjamin Hop- 
 kins and settled at home. Elizabeth Haddon, 
 however, when nineteen years of age, and in 1701, 
 left her home and friends and came to New Jer- 
 sey with power of attorney from her father to be- 
 come his agent in the location, purchase and sale 
 of lands. Francis Collins, a friend of her father, 
 who lived at Mountwell, extended to her the hos- 
 pitalities of his home. To reach his residence she 
 went to Philadelphia, crossed the river at Daniel 
 Cooper's Ferry (now Camden) and passed the Wil- 
 lis place, which was to be her future home. It is 
 evident from Thomas Sbarp's map that John Wil- 
 lis had erected a house on the tract, as one is there 
 marked. This house stood at Coles Landing, on 
 the brow of a hill near Coopers Creek, to which 
 she moved in 170], and gave the place the name 
 
 of Haddonfield. Before her departure for this 
 country, and at her father's home, she formed the 
 acquaintance of a young man, Johu Estaugh, who 
 was then attracting considerable notice as a public 
 speaker among the Friends. He was born at Kelve- 
 don, about fifty miles northeast from London, Sec- 
 ond Month 23, 1676, and when young embraced the 
 principles of the Friends and was admitted to the 
 ministry when eighteen years of age. 
 
 In September, 1700, he was permitted to come to 
 America on a religious visit, and was accompan- 
 ied by John Richardson. They traveled together 
 through Maryland, Virginia and Pennsylvania and 
 met at Philadelphia Elizabeth Haddon at the 
 home of her friends, before she removed to her 
 place at Coles Landing, when the acquaintance 
 formed athome was renewed. She made preparations 
 to occupy her new home, and doubtless enlarged 
 and improved the house in accordance with her 
 means, while John Estaugh, feeling it" to be his duty, 
 requested of the Meeting permission to go back to 
 Virginia, which was granted, and he spent some 
 time in that province. 
 
 It is probable that John Estaugh ministered to 
 the Friends at Newton Meeting, and his previous 
 acquaintance with Elizabeth Haddon, led him to 
 accept the hospitality of her home, when the as- 
 sociation of home and friends in England brought 
 to them many subjects of conversation. It is evident, 
 from subsequent events, that threads of a more 
 subtle power were slowly and gradually winding 
 round him, which impelled him to return to this 
 region, a captive; and, although romance says he 
 was slow in accepting his bonds, he was aided by 
 the fair damsel, Elizabeth Haddon, as beautifully 
 told by the poet, Longfellow, in the story of John 
 Alden and Priscilla, the story told by Longfellow 
 in '■' Aftermath," and by Mrs. Lydia Maria Child. 
 Whatever the manner of the courtship, the mar- 
 riage was celebrated on the 1st of the Eighth 
 Month, 1702, at her residence, in the presence of 
 friends and other invited guests. Soon after this 
 event John Estaugh became the attorney of John 
 Haddon, and took charge of his landed interest in 
 New Jersey, which at this time required much 
 time. He also became agent for the Pennsylvania 
 Land Company of London. In 1713 a brick house 
 was built on the Richard Mathews survey, a short 
 distance from the site of the village of Haddon- 
 field, where Samuel Wood now resides, and the 
 new place called " New Haddonfield." The house 
 was larger and much more conveniently arranged, 
 than the first, and better suited to the wealth of 
 the occupants , whose house was open to all. The 
 brick wall now standing is part of that which 
 
THE TOWNSHIP 01* HADDON. 
 
 647 
 
 surrounded the garden, and the large yew-tree in 
 front of the present mansion is said to have been 
 transplanted by Elizabeth Estangh. The house 
 was destroyed by Are the morning of April 19, 
 1842. 
 
 The father of Elizabeth Haddon Estaugh made 
 a deed of gift to John and Elizabeth, in 1722, of 
 all the Mathews' survey. John Haddon died the 
 next year, 1723, and left his estate to his children, 
 Benjamin and Sarah Hopkins, and John and 
 Elizabeth Estaugh, his wife having died the year 
 
 and Sai-ah Hopkins were John E. Haddon, Eben- 
 ezer, Elizabeth E., Sarah, Mary nnd Ann. Ebenezer 
 settled near Haddonfield, on Coopers Creek. Hia 
 brother, John E., succeeded him, and leit the es- 
 tate to his son, William E. Hopkins, who, in 1795, 
 married Ann, daughter of Griffith Morgan. A 
 dam was built on the run that traversed the tract, 
 and a grist-mill was built in 1789, which has long 
 since been out of use. The property is now in 
 possession of the widow of John E. Hopkins, who 
 was the son of William E. Hopkins. 
 
 THE ESTAUGH HOUSE. 
 
 before. John Estaugh was a writer of considerable 
 ability, as in 1744 his writings were printed by 
 Benjamin Franklin. He was also skilled in 
 chemistry and medicine. While on a religious 
 visit to Tortula, in the West Indies, in 1742, he 
 died, and his remains wexe placed in a brick tomb, 
 which has long since gone to decay. His wife 
 survived him twenty years, and died March 30, 
 . 1762, in the eightieth year of her age. She left no 
 ' children, but adopted Ebenezer Hopkins, a son of 
 her sister Sarah, who came to tliis country, was 
 educated by, and resided with, Elizabeth Estaugh. 
 He married and settled on a tract of land fronting 
 on Coopers Greek, which his aunt conveyed to 
 him in 1752, known as the " Ann Burr " farm. He 
 died in 1757, and left a wife and seven children, 
 all of whom married in this region, and Elizabeth 
 Estaugh left the bulk of her estate to the children 
 of her nephew, Ebenezer. 
 
 About 1799 the tract on which Elizabeth Es- 
 taugh first settled passed to Job Coles, in whose 
 femily it still in part remains, and is now owned 
 by Jacob Stokes Coles. The children of Ebenezer 
 
 John Gill was the cousin of Pilizabeth Estaugh, 
 and came to this country under her patronage, 
 soon after her arrival, as in 1709 he was appointed 
 administrator of an estate in Newton township. 
 After the death of John Estaugh he became ad- 
 viser and manager of her estate. In 1714 John 
 Haddon conveyed to him a tract of land contain- 
 ing two hundred and thirty acres in Waterford 
 and Delaware townships, where he is said to have 
 lived. He next resided in "Waterford township, 
 at the place where the King's road crossed Coopers 
 Creek, and near the place which, after 1715, and to 
 the present time, is known .is Axford's Landing. In 
 1728 John Estaugh d ceded to him two tracts of land, 
 one of which, containing eighty -seven acres, was in 
 Haddonfield. It was on the west side of the Kings 
 road, and extended from Coopers Creek to the 
 Methodist Church. In 1732 three other lots were 
 deeded in Haddonfield, the largest of which joined 
 the other land on the southwest, and is about equally 
 divided bv Grove Street The next is now owned 
 by the estates of Rennels Fowler and the devisees 
 of John Clement. The third lot passed to his 
 
tJ-iS 
 
 ins'roiiv OF oaimoen county, new jersey. 
 
 diuiglitov llaunnli, who niiuriod Tlumius Uvdmiui, 
 ou which the old Rodninn luansion tbrniorly stood. 
 Pint of this estiUo roiuains in tlio t'limily, iiud is 
 now owned by tho doviseea of John Gill, a descend- 
 ant of the euiigrant by that name, who is lately 
 deceased. .Tohn (!ill came into Newton township 
 to reside about \1'22, an<l lived on the site of the 
 present Gill mansion, and it was oi\ this land that 
 elections were sometimes held. In 1740 he was 
 selected as attorney lor the bcirs-at-hiw of Joseph 
 Klkinton, and went to England to prosecute their 
 claim. This occupied his time for several years, 
 and he died in London about 1748. In 174(i 
 ho bought of John Oox, also of London, a tract of 
 laud ou the south side of the south branch of 
 Coopers Creek, abcuit two miles from lladdon- 
 lield, and the next year deeded it to his sou John, 
 part of which is still in the family and the name. 
 
 The Hinchnnms were very early settlers in the 
 township, as May 18, 100!!, John llngg and Pris- 
 eilla Collins, his wife, sold to John llinebniau, of 
 Ijong Island, one thousand acres of land in New- 
 ton township, which extended from near the head 
 of Newton Creek northeasterly toward Iladdon- 
 licld. His house stood on the north side of the 
 stream, near where the Plurley house now stands. 
 He died in 1721, and John, his son, settled ou part 
 of the homestead, now nmstly owned by the Wil- 
 lits family. Joseph Hinchunui, aUso a son, sottleil 
 on piu't of tho estate, and died in 17iil. James, 
 also a son, lived on part fiu'merly owned by .lames 
 S. Hurley. Lie died in 17r)0. In 1 71(8 ho was 
 appointed one of the Judges of the courts of Olon- 
 cestor County. His sons interuuirricd with the 
 Thornes, the Harrisons, the Kaighus, the Smiths 
 and the Bispluims, and their descendants are scat- 
 tered and uumerous. Joseph lliuclnuan, a brother 
 of John, the first of the name to settle in this 
 county, came from Flushing, L. L, in 1708, and 
 purchased a part of his brother's estate. His house 
 stood ou the west side of the King's road. Ho 
 died about 1737, and left several children, of whom 
 Thomas, the son, nuirried 8a.rah Clement, and in- 
 herited the estate, lie died in 1758, and bis prop- 
 erty passed to his sou .loseph, who was born h\ib- 
 ruary 18, 1761, in tho old log cabin. The new 
 house was in process of erection when his father 
 died, and is now, after the lapse of more than a 
 hundred years, still used, and is tlu! residence of 
 William C. Hinchmau. 
 
 Tho Albertsons were represented in Newton 
 township first by William Albertson, who, May 2, 
 1082, located a tract of land in Newton township, 
 between the south and middle branch of Newton 
 Creek, and to the junction of the said branches, bo- 
 
 low the land of William Hate.s. In 11)8,") he was a 
 mendier of the Legislature. In 1092 he purchsised a 
 large trad in Gloucester township, where u branch 
 of the family still reeide. Ho resided there hula 
 short time, and uu)ved to Ryberry, Pa., anil finally to 
 Ihicks County, where he died about 170!>. In 1098 
 lie deeded the homestead farm in Newton to his 
 sou William, who lived upon it until his death, 
 in 1720. He erected a brick house, which is still 
 standing : a deer park, which covered many acres, 
 was laid out and surrounded by a ditch and bant, 
 which may yet be seen. A race-course also was 
 upon the place. The land passed Ihnnigh four 
 generations of the name to a daughter, Sarali, who 
 married David Henry, in whose desceiulants a part 
 of the estates is still vested. 
 
 Henry Stacy, who lived in Newton township 
 only a few years, camo to or near Burlington, soon 
 after 1078, with lus father and his wife. In 1083 
 he located four hundred and ninety acres of land 
 near the head of the middle branch of Newton 
 (Ireek, east of the (iraybnrys' land, and the same 
 year returned to Kugland, where ho died in 108"). 
 lie left the real estate to his children. It was 
 divided in 1711, and the Newton tract was allotted 
 to a daughter Sarah, tho wife of Kobert Mont- 
 gomery. 
 
 In 1715 he built a house upon it, ami rei\u)ved 
 from Monuuiuth County, where he had jireviously 
 resided. The house stood at a short distance east 
 of tho oldPhiladelphiaand Kgg Harbor road, which 
 then crossed, Newton Creek at Atniores Ham. 
 This survey is now owned by Rhoda Hampton, 
 tho Websters, tlu- Nicholsons and others. 
 
 .loshna Evans, a. public Friend, resided ior 
 many years ou the farm iu)w owned by Joseph O. 
 C^nthbert. About 1818 this farm was leased to 
 Amos Ooxe, who resided there two years, in which 
 time several deaf mutes, with a teai'hcr, were 
 sent from Philadelphia and boarded with him 
 (hiring the summer. For several years after, tho 
 place was a. resort for them, and many amusing 
 incidents of the uul'ortunate are related by tho 
 old people. In 1824 tho l>eaf and Dumb Institu- 
 tion of Philadelphia was chartered, and a build- 
 ing was erected on the corner of Eleventh and 
 Mjirket Streets, where the Hiughani House now 
 stands, and sufUciont room was obtained for com- 
 fort. 
 
 There aro many other families, who, by inter- 
 marriage and by purchase, were residents a century 
 ago in what is now Haddon township, but apace 
 will not permit us to record them all here. The 
 sketches given above embrace all of the fanvilios 
 who settled hero before 1700, and from whom the 
 
AUTOGRAPHS OF EARLY SETTLERS OF NEW TOWNSHIP. . 
 
 A first settler. Died 1694. He was one of ^.X^-f CCCCW'// 
 
 the most prominent Newton settlpra C^ 
 
 The surveyor and chronicler of the first set- 
 tlers. Died 1729. Had sons Thomas, 
 Isaac and John. 
 
 ^aii^'! 
 
 Only son of John the emigrant. 
 
 Died 1794, leaving one son, 
 
 John. 
 
 Vfia^L 
 
 ^^/^'t 
 
 A first settler. Died 1709. Had sons Wil- 
 liam, Abraham, Benjamin and Josiah. 
 
 A first settler. Died 1702, and left sons, Benja- 
 min and Thomas. 
 
 Large landed proprietor in old Newton Township. 
 He died in 1696. 
 
 -^"^^"^^^^ ^^'>^^ - 
 
 A first settler. Died 1706. Had sons John, 
 
 Samuel, Daniel, Archibald, Isaac, 
 
 Joseph and James. 
 
 A first settler. Died 1724. Had sons John and 
 Joseph. 
 
 Daughter of John Haddon and wife of John 
 Estaugh. 
 
 A minister among the Friends. He 
 
 married Elizabeth Haddon. 
 
 Died 1742. 
 
 John Eastlack, son of Francis 
 
 the emigrant. Died 1786. 
 
 Had sons John and 
 
 Samuel. 
 
 ma/n 
 
 A first settler in Newton. Died 
 
 1721. Had sons John, Joseph, 
 
 Jacob, James and 
 
 William. 
 
 £Lr/^ 
 
 Son of Joseph the emigrant, who was brother 
 
 of the above John. Died 1758, 
 
 leaving one son, Joseph. 
 
 A first settler. Son of Robert, one of 
 
 the Yorkshire Commissioners. 
 
 He returned to London, 
 
 and died 1689. 
 
650 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 land descended in large part by inheritance. 
 There are very few land-marks left in existence to 
 remind us of those early settlers. 
 
 The Lost Village or Newton. — The first 
 settlers came up Newton Creek and built cabins 
 near together, forming a small village, to which 
 they gave the name Newton. From this the 
 creek and the township took their names. After 
 a little time, finding the Indians in the region 
 peaceable, they each built houses upon their 
 own land, and in consequence the village was 
 soon abandoned, but is mentioned as a town 
 by Gabriel Thomas in 1698, and by the clerk of 
 county much later. The latter recorded a license 
 to keep a tavern "near Newtown." In 1684 the 
 Friends' Meeting-house was built. The village after 
 this time become practically unknown, and its very 
 site is lost, though it is supposed to be on the 
 north side of the middle branch of Newton Creek, 
 a short distance from its mouth and near the old 
 grave-yard. 
 
 The Old Newton Fkiends' Meeting.— 
 Among the first Friends to settle within the pre- 
 cincts of old Newton were William Cooper and 
 Richard Arnold. At once Friends' Meetings 
 were held in the house of one or the other of 
 them. At Burlington Monthly Meeting, held 
 Seventh Month (September) 6, 1681, it was 
 " ordered that Friends of Pyne Poynte (Cooper's 
 Point) have a meeting on every Fourth Day, to 
 begin at the 2" hour, at Richard Arnold's house." 
 At a General Meeting held at Salem, Second 
 Month (April) 11, 1682, it was ordered "That a 
 six weeks' men's and women's meeting for the 
 ordering of the affairs of the Church be kept the 
 24'" of the 31 Month (May), at Wm. Coopers, at 
 Pyne Point, and the next six weeks' meeting at 
 Shackamaxon and So in Course." It was also or- 
 dered at the same time that a Monthly Meeting for 
 worship be held alternately in the same way ; the 
 first one to be at William Cooper's. Thus was 
 established the Newton Meeting. In the spring 
 of 1682 a few Irish Friends, who had spent the 
 winter in Salem, moved up to and settled about 
 Newton Creek. Thomas Sharp, one of their num- 
 ber, in his account of their early settlement, 
 says: "In 1684 the Friends in the vicinity of 
 Newton, desirous of erecting a house of worship, 
 selected a lot of land on the bank of the middle 
 branch of Newton Creek, containing about two 
 acres, it being on the bounds of land of Mark 
 Newby and Thomas Thackara, which was laid out 
 for a burial-ground, and at the west end a log 
 meeting-house was erected." William Bates, who, 
 it will be remembered as mentioned heretofore 
 
 was a carpenter, also planned and executed the 
 work. 
 
 The burying-ground was used many years, and 
 many of the first families are at rest within its 
 limits. It is inclosed by a brick wall, and is over- 
 grown by low trees and vines. The first trustees 
 of the meeting and property were Benjamin 
 Thackara, William Cooper and William Albert- 
 son, who continued until 1708, when they were 
 succeeded by Thomas Sharp, John Kaighn, Joseph 
 Cooper and John Kay. In this old meeting- 
 house the town-meetings and elections were held 
 for several years. A part of the Thackara estate 
 passed to James and Joseph Sloan prior to 1790, 
 and much trouble arose between them and the 
 Friends in relation to boundaries of the meeting- 
 house property. In 1811 Joseph Sloan abandoned 
 his claim, and in 1819 James Sloan released his 
 interest to the trustees of the meeting. The erec- 
 tion of other meeting-houses and the removal of 
 Friends from the vicinity gradually withdrew in- 
 terest in the society, and little attention was paid 
 to the old house and grounds where the first meet- 
 ing of Friends in Gloucester County was held, and 
 according to Joseph Hinchman's journal, on the 
 22d of December, 1817, the meeting-house, around 
 which clustered many interesting associations, was 
 destroyed by fire, and no effort was made to re- 
 build it. 
 
 In 1791 James Sloan, a Friend, laid out one acre 
 of ground north of the old burying-ground, and 
 inclosed it with a low wall. A stone with the fol- 
 lowing inscription is placed in the wall : 
 
 "Here is no distinctioa, 
 Kich and Poor meet together, 
 The Lord is maker of them all. 
 By James Sloan, 1791." 
 
 For many years roads were few and almost im- 
 passable, except on horseback, and carriages and 
 wheeled vehicles were not in use. The streams 
 were used for travel, and all the early burials were 
 made in Newton burying-ground. The funeral 
 party moved from the house to the nearest stream, 
 where they took barges and boats and floated to 
 Newton Creek and up to the burying-ground. 
 In the " Early Settlers of Newton," an account 
 is given of a funeral in 1703, which is of inter- 
 est in this connection. Esther Spicer, the wi- 
 dow of Samuel Spicer, resided on the homestead 
 property, in what is now Stockton township. She 
 was killed by lightning on the 24th of Seventh 
 Month, 1703. "The funeral occurred the night 
 after her decease, the family and friends going in 
 boats down Coopers Creek to the river, and by the 
 river to Newton Creek, and thence to the Newton 
 
THE TOWNSHIP OF HADDON. 
 
 651 
 
 grave-yard, the place of interment. Each, boat 
 being provided with torches, the scene must 
 have been picturesque indeed. To the colonist it 
 was a sad spectacle when they saw one so much 
 esteemed among them borne to her last resting- 
 place. To the Indians it was a grand and impres- 
 sive sight. Arasapha, the chief, and others of his 
 people attended the solemn procession in their 
 canoes, thus showing their respect for one the 
 cause of whose death struck them with awe and 
 reverence. The deep dark forests that stood close 
 down to the shores of the streams almost rejected 
 the light as it came from the burning torches of 
 pine carried in the boats; and, as they passed 
 under the thick foliage, a shadow was scarcely cast 
 upon the water. The colonists in their plain and 
 unassuming apparel, the aborigines clad in gaudy 
 and significant robes, and the negro slaves, as 
 oarsmen, must have presented from the shore a 
 rare and striking picture. Here, all undesigned, 
 was the fnneral of a Friend, in which ostentation 
 and display are always avoided, made one of the 
 grandest pageants that the fancy could imagine, a 
 fertile subject for the artist and well deserving an 
 effort to portray its beauty." 
 
 Interments were made in this yard for many 
 years, but when the Friends' Meeting was estab- 
 lished at Haddonfield and a burial-ground there 
 laid out, many families changed to that place. 
 
 The following is a list of the marriages of Friends 
 who were members or who married members of the 
 old Newton Meeting — extending from 1684 to 
 1719: 
 
 1684.— James Atkinson, of Philadelphia, to Hannah Nowbie 
 widow of Mark, of Newton. 
 
 1685. — John ladd to Sarah Wood. 
 
 1686.— Walter Forrest to Ann Alberteon ; Thomaa Shable to Alice 
 Stalles ; Samuel Toms to Kachel Wood. 
 
 1687. Joshua Frame, of Pennsylvania, to Abigail Bates ; William 
 
 Clark to Mary Heritage. 
 
 1688.— John Hugg, Son of John, to Priscilla Collins, daughter of 
 Francis ; Joseph Cooper to Lydia Biggs. 
 
 1689.— Thomas Thackara to Hepsibah Eastlack ; Thomas Willard 
 to Judith Wood, daughter of Henry. 
 
 1691.— John Butcher to Mary Heritage. 
 
 1692. — Simeon Ellis to Sarah Bates, daughter of William. 
 
 1693.— Daniel Cooper to Abigail Wood, daughter of Henry. 
 
 1695.— Daniel Cooper to Sarah Spicer, daughter of Samuel ; Wil- 
 liam Sharp to Jemima Eastlack, daughter of Francis ; Joseph Nich- 
 olson, son of Samuel, to Hannah Wood, daughter of Henry ; Isaac 
 Decou to Rachel Newbie, daughter of Mark. 
 
 1699.— Thomas Thackara to Ann Parker, of Philadelphia. 
 
 1701.— Joseph Bates to Mercy Clement, daughter of James. 
 
 1702.— John Estaugh to Elizabeth Haddon. 
 
 1703.— Stephen Newbie to Elizabeth Wood, daughter of Henry. 
 
 1704.— John Mickle, son of Archibald, to Hannah Cooper, daugh- 
 ter of William, Jr, 
 
 1705.— Josiah South wick to Elizabeth Collins, daughter of Fran- 
 cis. 
 ■ 1706. Joseph Brown to Mary Spicer, daughter of Samuel ; Ed- 
 ward Newbie to Hannah Chew. 
 
 1707.— Benjamin Wood to Mary Kay, daughter of John ; Beiya- 
 miri Thackara to Mary Cooper, daughter of William, Jr. 
 
 1707.— John Hallowell, of Darby, to Elizabeth Sharp, daughter of 
 Thomas ; John Kay, son of John, to Sarah Langstone. 
 
 1708.— Samuel Mickle to Elizabeth Cooper, daughter of Joseph ; 
 Ezekiel Siddons, son of John, to Sarah Mickle. 
 
 1709. — Simeon Breach to Mary Dennis ; John Harvey to Sarah 
 Hasker ; Robert Braddock to Elizabeth Hancock, daughter of Tim- 
 othy. 
 
 1710. — Thomas Bull to Sarah Nelson ; William Harrison to Ann 
 Hugg, daughter of John ; Thomas Middleton to Mercy Allen ; Jo- 
 seph Stokes, son of Thomas, to Judith Lippincott, daughter of Free- 
 dom ; Thomas Sharp to Catherine HoUingsham. 
 
 1711. — Thomas Smith to Sarah Hancock, daughter of Timothy ; 
 Jonathan Haines, son of John, to Mary Matlack, daughter of Wil- 
 liam; Daniel Mickle to Haiunah Dennis ; Samuel Dennis to Rutli 
 Lindall ; Thomas Lippincott, son of Freedom, to Mary Haines, 
 daughter of John. 
 
 1712. — Abraham Brown to Hannah Adams, Jr. 
 
 1714. — Joseph Dole to Hannah Somers ; John Hugg to Elizabeth 
 Newbie ; John Cox to Lydia Cooper, daughter of Joseph. 
 
 1716. — John Adamson to Ann Skew ; Francis Richardson to Sarah 
 Cooper ; Thomas Robinson to Sarah Lowe ; William Sharp to Mary 
 Austin, daughter of Francis. 
 
 1717. — Alexander Morgan, son of Griffith, to Hannah Cooper, 
 daughter of Joseph. 
 
 1718. — Benjamin Cooper, son of Joseph, to Rachel Mickle ; Thos. 
 Rakestraw to; Mary Wilkinson, daughter of Thomas ; Samuel 
 Sharp to Martha Hall ; John Gill to Mary Heritage. 
 
 1719. — John Sharp to Jane Fitchardall ; Thomas Byere to Pris- 
 cilla Hugg ; Joseph Gibson to Elizabeth Tindall. 
 
 Schools. — The first school in the limits of Had- 
 don township was, without doubt, held in the old 
 Newton Meeting-house, built in 1684, and the 
 next was in the Haddonfield Meeting-house, built 
 in 1722. The first authentic record of a school- 
 house is found in a road record bearing date 
 March, 1783, wherein mention is made of a school- 
 house as being situated on land of William Bates. 
 The old William Bates tract was on the south 
 side of Newton Creek, opposite lands of Mark 
 Newby and Thomas Thackara and the Newton 
 Meeting-house. 
 
 The school-house on the " Meeting-house Lot," 
 in Haddonfield, was built in 1787. In 1794 a 
 school-house was situated near Camden, on the 
 Haddonfield road, nearMarmaduke Cooper's house. 
 A school-house was built near the Newton Meet- 
 ing-house before 1807, as mention is made of it in 
 that year. 
 
 On Hill's map of 1809, surveys for which were 
 made from 1801 to 1807, three school-houses are 
 indicated. One stood on the Ferry road, near 
 what is now Collingswood, and was known as the 
 Barton School ; another was on the Salem road, a 
 short distance east of the spot where that road 
 crosses the south branch of Newton Creek ; 
 another was represented as being on the road from 
 Camden to Chews Landing, a short distance be- 
 low the middle branch of Newton Creek, on the 
 old Thomas Sharp survey. In 1809 the Grove 
 School-house was built at Haddonfield. 
 
652 
 
 HISTORY OP OAMDRN COUNTY, NEW .TERSKY. 
 
 Tliero nro at proseiit iu lladdoii township four 
 school disti-iuts,— Ohnuipioii, No. 10; Wostniont, 
 No. 11; Haddoii, No. I'i; and Mt. Kphraim, No. 
 VA. Tho last-montionod is lari^'oly in Centre town- 
 ship, and the school-house is within its limits. 
 
 The population oC Hiiddon township, exclusive 
 of tho borough of Haddonfiold, for 1885 was one 
 thousand three hundred and twenty-one. The ae- 
 eouut of the railroads that intersect the township 
 will be found in the artichi on '' Tublie Internal 
 Improvements of the (.lenoral History," in tliis 
 work. 
 
 The Camiihn and riui.ADKhi'JUA Rach- 
 t'miEHH. — In the year 1835 William R. Johnson, 
 Andrew Beime, John D. Kirby, Otway V. Hare 
 and Williani N. Friend, sportinj; j>;entlenien, re- 
 siding in tho State of Virginia, purchased of iSam- 
 uel 0. Champion a farm in Newton township, 
 about three miles from Camden, jireparatory to es- 
 tablishing a race-track on tho same. Measures 
 were at once taken to this end, and during tho 
 next year tho whole work was liuisbed. A large 
 hotel, a grand stand, stables and other necessary 
 buildings were built. The track of qne mile was 
 carefully laid ont, graded and graveled, and a 
 high board fence jiut around tho whole. It was 
 known as the " riiiladelphia and Camden liaco- 
 Course," and, being between Baltimore and .Long 
 Island, drew together the best horses in the 
 country. Tho spring and fall meetings were great 
 events among gentlemen of the turf, and stables 
 met there from Tennessee, Virginia, Maryland, as 
 well as from Pennsylvania, New .fersey and New 
 York. 
 
 Thousands of peo[ilo crossed tho ferries from 
 Philadelphia, and nniny were attracted there from 
 all tho country rouiul. Colonels William H. John- 
 sou and Bailey Peyton, Doctor MeClellan, Ooneral 
 Jrvine, William Cibbons and the Van Marters, 
 with many others of like reputation, were always 
 present at the races, and their ojiinions of tho 
 merits of a horse wore eagerly sought after by bet- 
 ting men. A hint from one of these, os|)eciaIly 
 Colonel Johnson, as to the condition or merit of a 
 horse, generally showed itself on the Held or in the 
 betting-rooms, and those interested wero seldom 
 deceived. Fashion, Peytona, Jjaily Clifton, At- 
 lanta, Boston, Mingo, Blue Dick, Decatur, Bon- 
 netts o' Blue and some others were among the 
 first class, with any number of lillies and colts to 
 fill tho second and third classes. 
 
 Tho "four-mile" day always tilled the grand- 
 stand, and covered the lield with carriages and 
 vehicles of every kind. Ladies wero never scarce, 
 and entered into the sport and betting with 
 
 as much zeal and 8j)irit as thoir escorts. Occa- 
 sionally some steady-going farmer of the neigh- 
 borhood would lose liis head, bet his money on 
 the race, and leave the ground a wiser man, think- 
 ing that among the uncertain things of this world 
 horse-ilesh might bo included. 
 
 Tho cups and ball man, or "the boy with the 
 little Joker " generally drew about him a woudei'- 
 ing crowd, and industriously plied his calling 
 " between the heats," tleecing tho verdant ones 
 who stood around and thought it. was tho easiest 
 thing in tho world to win. The player would oc- 
 casionally lose a small amount to a confederate, 
 only to entrap some unsuspecting one and defraud' 
 him of his money. 
 
 lOvery appliance for gambling could bo seen, 
 attended by drunkenness and debauchery to tho 
 last degree. Tho argument that the improvement 
 of tho breed of horses was the objoet had no 
 weight when nu)rality and good government wore 
 considered. 
 
 Very soon the bettor class of citi/.ons took tho 
 necessary steps to abate it, and meetings wore hold 
 to express public opinion on this subject. Peti- 
 tions wore largely signed and ollbrls nuulo to pro- 
 cure a general law against horse-racing in tho 
 State. This mot with a detormiuod opposition, 
 but was at last brought about, much to tho relief 
 of tho people in this vieinity. 
 
 Ueing found unprofitable to the owners, ovidonco 
 of decay was already seen in tho buildings and 
 grounds, and it gradually lost its poiiularity as a 
 place of resort. The rowdy element at last pre- 
 dominated, and lowered the standard of respecta- 
 bility which at flrst surrounded tho place. The 
 original proprietors withdrew and rented tiio 
 promises to otbers loss careful of its reputation, 
 which nnule it still more unpopular. 
 
 The s]iorting eommnnity of 1845 was greatly ex-' 
 cited at the meeting of two oelobraled horses — 
 Peytona and Faahion — at the Long Island race- 
 course, and where Fashion, "the (juoen of the 
 turf," was beaten. Within the next month tho 
 same animals were again brought fogt^thor o\i tho 
 tJiimden and Philadelphia tra,ck, when and where 
 I'^ashion won back her laurels, so uuexpoctedly 
 taken from her. 
 
 The groat contest of years ago between Kclipso 
 and Sir Henry (the North against the South), at 
 Long Island, created no more interest than this 
 nuitch, and the admirers of the " little mare " wero 
 glad of a (dianco for a second race. The event 
 filled every available space with anxious specta- 
 tors, and during tho first boat tho grand stand gave 
 way, and nuuiy persons wore injured, 
 
THE TOWNSHIP OF HADDON. 
 
 653 
 
 But little racing took place there after that time, 
 and iu January, 1847, William E. Johnson con- 
 veyed the property to Samuel Bettle, who, during 
 the next year, removed every building devoted to 
 the previous uses, and restored the land again to 
 agricultural purposes. The hotel stood fronting 
 the Camden and White Horse turnpike, and near 
 the site of the present residence of the Hon. Ed- 
 ward Bettle, and was a large and imposing edifice. 
 The track lay to the east of the hotel, with two 
 circular and two straight "quarters," and ex- 
 tended to the residence of William Bettle, Esq. 
 The estate is now divided between and occupied 
 by the two last-named gentlemen. 
 
 C01.LINGSWOOD.— Collingswood is on the Rob- 
 ert Turner tract, which some time later came to 
 Jacob Stokes. The old Ferry road, or Camden and 
 Haddonfield turnpike, passes through it. The 
 houses standing on or near the site prior to its be- 
 ginning were the old Barton house and the Barton 
 school-house, and about one mile from it, on the 
 CoUings or Gloucester road, formerly stood a Bap- 
 tist Church, which was built in 1843 and dedicated 
 November 30th, Rev. J. E. Welch preaching the 
 dedicatory sermon, and the congregation was 
 served first by Rev. John Sisty, of Haddonfield. 
 Rev. Charles Sexton was pastor for several years 
 and was succeeded by Rev. Walter Potter, who 
 was the last regular pastor. Services were aban- 
 doned several years ago and the building is now 
 used as a dwelling-house. About three-quarters 
 of a mile away stand the Newton Mills, now 
 owned by J. J. Schnitzius. The old Barton school- 
 house was built before 1809 and was abandoned 
 many years ago. The present school-house was 
 built about five years ago. 
 
 Stonetown, a hamlet on the turnpike near by, is 
 a collection of twenty dwellings, built by Isaiah 
 Stone, who about 1850 purchased a small tract of 
 land of the Cooper estate and built a few dwell- 
 ings. A meeting-house was built at this place 
 under the aus.pice8 of the Methodists, about 1858, 
 by the Rev. Mr. Felty. It was used several years 
 and then abandoned for regular service and is now 
 the property of Edward C. Knight. A Sunday- 
 school has been kept for several years by Richard 
 T. Collings. The old Barton house, about 1860, 
 was changed into a tavern and kept by Theodore 
 Zimmerman, who, in 1861, enlisted in the army. 
 The tavern was then kept for a time by a Mr. 
 Woods and later by Mahlon V. Van Voskirk for 
 many years, and who is yet in possession of it. 
 Collingswocd was made a station in 1871 and a 
 fine depot was built in the spring of 1885. A store 
 building was erected in 1882 by J. Stokes Collings 
 
 and a store opened, which is still kept by him. In 
 the fall of 1885 another was erected by Elmer E. 
 McGill, in which he established business and soon 
 after sold to H. R. Tatem and T. H. Ashton. A 
 drug store has been recently opened. A tract of 
 forty acres of land was recently purchased by Rich- 
 ard T. Collings, Elmer E. McGill and others of 
 William T. Tatem, lying south of the railroad and 
 fronting on the Collings or Gloucester road, which 
 has been laid out into streets and lots. Fifteen or 
 twenty lots are now sold and a number of cottages 
 will be erected the present season (1886). A post- 
 office was established a few )ears ago, with J. 
 Stokes Collings as postmaster. . 
 
 Westmont.— The village of Westmont lies be- 
 tween Collingswood and Haddonfield, and was 
 formerly called Rowandtown, from the family of 
 Rowands, that over a hundred years ago owned the 
 farm on which it is situated. John Eowand was 
 a blacksmith and had a shop at the place, and 
 Jacob Rowand later opened a store, which after a 
 few years was closed, and later opened by Dayton 
 Deval. It was made a flag station on the Camden 
 and Atlantic Railroad and named Glenwood, and 
 later the name was changed to Westmont. Thomas 
 Anderson kept a wheelwright shop at the place 
 many years. A school-house is situated in the 
 town. A religious society was organized in 1883 
 under the name of the Shiloh Baptist Church. 
 Rev. T. W. Wilkinson was the first pastor. He was 
 succeeded by the Rev. T. W. Bromley, the present 
 pastor. Dr. J. N. Hobensack, son of Dr. J. B. 
 Hobensack, is laying out lots in the town, which 
 is growing quite rapidly and bids fair to be a 
 thriving village. 
 
 A short distance from the town of Westmont 
 James Flinn & Co., in 1872, established the Crys- 
 tal Lake Paint and Color Works, for the manufac- 
 ture of white lead, zinc, ready-mixed paints and 
 all colored paints. The works are in operation, 
 under the name of the Westmont Paint Works. 
 
 About twenty years since, David U. Morgan 
 ventured in a new enterprise of manufacture, and 
 established himself in Haddon township about one 
 mile from Cuthbert's Station on the line of the 
 Camden and Atlantic Railroad in the prepa- 
 ration of the finer qualities of paper for use 
 by photographers, which has developed into a 
 success. He imports from France the quality of 
 paper needed, and by a chemical preparation of 
 albumen — known to himself — produces a material 
 popular among that class of artists. His reputa- 
 tion for this kind of goods is extensive, and he 
 competes with the German producers. Previous 
 to this he had, while residing in Philadelphia, 
 
654 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 made a series of experiments which culminated in 
 the husiness now pursued by him. 
 
 He has reclaimed the marsh land bounding on 
 Coopers Creek, by banking, and secured many 
 acres of valuable meadow, a thing seldom done in 
 these days. He is a son of David B. and Hannah 
 (French) Morgan, and was born at Chews Landing. 
 
 BIOGEAPHICAL. 
 
 J. Ogden Ctjthbebt. — The family of Cuthbert 
 trace their origin from the county of Northumbria, 
 in the north of England. The name is variously 
 known as Cubbert, Colbert and Quivert in the 
 Erse language. The bishop of Lindisfern, in the 
 time of King Alfred, was of the family, and by 
 reason of revolution about the time of the death 
 of the bishop, the family and kindred were obliged 
 to seek refuge in Inverness, Scotland, where they 
 were under the patronage of King Alfred. For 
 their services they were granted the freedom of 
 being burgesses and the rights of the lands of 
 Drakies in vassalage, which they still possess. 
 This influence induced the Baron of Dacies to give 
 the vassalage of the Lands of Mackery, which also 
 they hold. It was long after and about 950 
 that they obtained from the King, in recom- 
 pense for their constant and distinguished ser- 
 vices, the lands that comprise the barony of 
 Castlehill, which they obtained as a royal holding, 
 in fee with a fortified castle under the burden of 
 a subject to military service. 
 
 Prior to the eleventh century the family was 
 known simply by the name of George, such sur- 
 names only being used in the Highlands. In the 
 time of the invasion of Edward I. the family 
 chose for an armorial bearing a "Quiver in pale 
 azure, armed Gules in a field Or," as being the 
 most expressive symbol of their wisdom. 
 
 After peace was declared, the family took for a 
 crest a naked hand, holding an olive branch, and 
 for a motto " Perit and Eecte," and in the twelfth 
 century the family were known as Quivert or Qui- 
 bert, with, for the chief, the patronymic MacGeorge 
 
 Upon the union ot the Highland clans under the 
 name of Scots, the Pict language became the lan- 
 guage of the court, state and Parliament. The 
 family then obtained the name of Cuthbert or 
 Cudbert, from cuth, which signifies skill, and 
 bert, illustrious, which name the bishop of Lin- 
 disfern received in the Erse language as Quivert. 
 
 Part of the family went to England and France, 
 and passed under the name of Colbert. One of 
 the family came to Cork, from whom the family 
 in this country descended. In the early part of 
 the eighteenth century Thomas Cuthbert emi- 
 
 grated from Ireland and settled in Philadelphia; 
 other members of the family, who emigrated about 
 the same time, settled in the South and Canada, 
 where their descendants are numerous. Thomas 
 had a large family of children, one of whom, 
 Anthony, was born in Philadelphia in 1760. He 
 was educated in that city and married there. He 
 joined the army in the Revolution and was lieu- 
 tenant in Captain Moulder's Company of Artillery 
 and received a captain's commission April 15, 
 1780, and was placed in command of the Smith 
 Company of Artillery. While absent in the army 
 his property in the city was destroyed by the 
 British. He was one of the committee appointed 
 to build the Market Street bridge. He received 
 as his reward for faithful performance of this 
 duty a silver pitcher and resolution of thanks. 
 He was for manv years a member of Select Coun- 
 cil and chosen by the united action of both parties, 
 so faithful was he to the interests in his charge. 
 
 He was one of the committee chosen to erect 
 Fairmount water-works. He was twice married, 
 and his last wife was Mary Ogden, daughter of 
 Joseph Ogden. He died in 1832, Their children 
 were J. Ogden, Allen, Samuel, George, Elizabeth 
 Mary and Lydia. J. Ogden, now of Haddon 
 township, is the only surviving brother. Elizabeth, 
 married Algernon S. Roberts ; Lydia became the 
 wife of Joseph M. Thomas, both of whom resided 
 in Philadelphia, and are deceased. 
 
 J. Ogden Cuthbert was born in Philadelphia, 
 September 23, 1800. At the age of seventeen he 
 was apprenticed to Joseph and Samuel Keen to 
 learn the trade of currier. After serving his time 
 his father purchased for him a farm in West 
 Philadelphia, which he still owns. In 1850 he 
 bought the farm on the Old Ferry road, Haddon 
 township, Camden County, on which he now 
 lives. He was married to Elizabeth S. Coles, 
 daughter of Kendall Coles, April 3, 1823. Their 
 children were Mary C, Anthony (deceased), 
 Joseph Ogden, Jr., Allen and Hjsnry C. The 
 children are settled in the county and are all well- 
 known and respected. J. Ogden Cuthbert has 
 always been of a retiring disposition, preferring the 
 quiet of home "to the more stirring events of 
 political life. He has followed farming since the 
 close of his apprenticeship, and is now, at the age 
 of eighty-six, hale and vigorous. A golden wed- 
 ding was celebrated in 1873, and a few months after 
 Mrs. Cuthbert died. He is in religion an Episco- 
 palian, and has held the position of warden of 
 Grace Church, Haddonfield, for over thirty years. 
 His son, Henry C, was a member of 32d Regt., Pa. 
 Vols, Starr's Battery, Co. " L," duringthe late war. 
 
^^-c^^^^t 
 
 t^6^^ 
 
THE TOWNSHIP OF WATERFORD. 
 
 CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 Topography — The" Matlack Family — The Collins' — Organization — 
 Glendale M. E. Chureh — Gibbshoro — Lucas Paint Works — Chuich 
 of St, John in the "Wildemess— Berlin — " Long a-Coming— Busi- 
 ness Beginnings— Societies — Library — Churches — Berlin Cemetery 
 — Village cf Atco — Societies and Churches —Chesilhurst— Water- 
 ford Tillage — Churches — "Shanes Castle," The Woos Brothers 
 and the Beginning of Catholicism. 
 
 Wateeford 13 one of the original townships of 
 the old county of Gloucester, dating its existence 
 from 1695. Its bounds have been changed on a 
 number of occasions, its present limits being as 
 follows: On the north and east is Burlington 
 County, the Atsion River being the boundary line 
 in part; on the southeast, boundary of Atlantic 
 County ; on the south the townships of Winslow 
 and Gloucester, the boundary line being irregu- 
 lar to include Berlin and also Coopers Creek, 
 which is the southwestern line ; on the west 
 and north is the township of Delaware, which was 
 included in its territory until 1S44. Xear the 
 middle of the township is the divide, a pine- 
 covered ridge about two hundred feet above tide- 
 water, which is the source of the principal streams. 
 Coopers Creek and its affluents flow into the Del- 
 aware, while beyond the water-shed are the Great 
 and Little Egg Harbor Rivers and the tributary 
 streams connected therewith. Formerly they 
 yielded water-power, which was used to operate 
 saw-mills, nearly every stream being utilized. 
 Much of the land adjoining these streams has 
 been utilized to produce cranberry marshes. The 
 surface is mainly level and was originally covered 
 with a heavy growth of timber, the pine and 
 cedar predominating. The process of removing 
 these forests was slow and laborious, and settle- 
 ment, consequently, was much retarded, especially 
 in the central and southern parts. In these local- 
 ities the soil is sandy or sandy loam, and better 
 
 adapted for fruit culture than the cereals. The 
 northwestern section is underlaid by a very rich 
 deposit of green sand marl, whose use ha.s made 
 this one of the best agricultural sections in the 
 State. Before the use of this valuable fertilizer 
 many of the farms were poorly tilled and held to 
 be of little value. The construction of a railroad 
 through the township and the use of the fertiliz- 
 ing agent nature has so freely provided have 
 wrought wonderful changes in the appearance of 
 the country, which has now well-tilled fields and 
 very attractive farm improvements. The Camden 
 and Atlantic Railroad traverses nearly the entire 
 length of the township, and east of the central 
 part the New Jersey Southern Railroad crosses the 
 territory diagonally in its course to ^STew York 
 City. Easy communication is thus afforded with 
 the great cities of the country, which has enhanced 
 the value of real estate. 
 
 The first settlements were made in what is now 
 the township of Delaware, the preference being 
 given to localities near tide-water, which afibrded 
 the only means of communication at that early 
 period. Later, after roads were cut out, locations 
 were made in the interior. 
 
 In the lower part of the township, on Coopers 
 Creek and near the Delaware township line, the 
 Matlacks made early and important improvements. 
 ■\ViI]iam Matlack, the head of the family in Xew 
 Jersey, lived in Burlington County, but purchased 
 large tracts of land in what is now Watcrford 
 township in the early part of the last century, upon 
 which he settled his children. In 1701 he bought 
 of Richard Heritage one thousand acres of land 
 on both sides of the south branch of Coopers 
 Creek, around and near Kirkwood, lying in 
 what is now the townships of Gloucester and 
 Waterford. In 1714 he gave his son George five 
 hundred acres of the land in Waterford, upon 
 
 655 
 
656 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 which George had settled some years previously. 
 His house stood on the south side of the present 
 Haddonfield and Berlin road, near Glendale. He 
 built a saw-mill on Coopers Creek, which, in later 
 years, was called "Hilliard's" mill, but which 
 went to ruin many years ago. After the decease 
 of George Matlack the land was divided and now 
 constitutes several good farms. In 1717 William 
 Matlack purchased two hundred acres of land of 
 John Estaugh, attorney of John Haddon, lying in 
 what is now Waterford and Delaware townships, 
 near Glendale. Here his son Richard settled in 
 1721 — the same year that he had married Rebecca 
 Haines, of Burlington County. Upon this tract of 
 land is the Matlack burial-ground, containing the 
 graves of the older branches of the family, where 
 Benjamin, a son of Richard, was the first person 
 interred. Richard Matlack himself died in 1778, 
 and was the second person there interred. The 
 following year his farm was sold to William Todd, 
 and later Richard M. Cooper became the owner of 
 the land, which is now the farm of Alexander 
 Cooper, who is in the maternal line a descendant 
 of Richard Matlack. In 1714 William Matlack 
 gave his son Timothy the remaining part of the 
 Heritage lands, in Waterford township, upon 
 which he built a house and settled. This house 
 stood near Glendale, on the present Ephraim 
 Tomlinson farm. In 1720 Timothy Matlack mar- 
 ried Mary Haines and probably settled on his 
 farm about that time. He lived there but a few 
 years, as in 1726 he moved to Haddonfield, where 
 he erected a house and kept a store. He was the 
 father of Timothy Matlack, of Philadelphia, who 
 was secretary of the Continental Congress for some 
 time. 
 
 In 1732 the elder Timothy Matlack again lived 
 in the township, but that year- sold out his farm of 
 three hundred and nineteen acres to his brother 
 Richard, and took up his residence permanently 
 at Haddonfield. John Matlack, another son of 
 William and brother of the foregoing, purchased 
 two hundred acres of land of Francis Collins, in 
 1705, upon which he settled three years later, when 
 he was married to Hannah Horner. The house 
 he built on this farm stood more than one hundred 
 and fifty years, when it was taken down to make 
 room for the fine mansion owned by the heirs of 
 John Wilkins, the present proprietors of part of 
 the tract. John Matlack removed to Haddon- 
 field before the Revolution, where he built the 
 house now owned by Isaac A. Braddock. 
 
 The Matlack lands in Waterford and Delaware 
 at one time aggregated more than fifteen hundred 
 acres, all of which has passed out of the name. 
 
 John Collins (the son of John), who was the 
 grandson of Francis Collins, settled in Waterford 
 township, near Glendale, building a large brick 
 house. This no longer remains. He became the 
 owner of considerable real estate in that region be- 
 fore his decease, in 1768. His wife survived him, 
 and his child, Mary, became the wife of Samuel 
 Hugg, of Gloucester. She dying without issue, the 
 property, by the terms of her father's will, passed 
 abisolutely to John and Job Collins, sons of Francis 
 Collins, Jr., who lived on the Waterford property 
 some time. But the entire property has long since 
 passed out of the name and family. 
 
 The names of other settlers appear in connection 
 with the villages where they resided. 
 
 Civil Organization. — On the 1st of June, 
 1695, the grand jury of Gloucester County made 
 return to the court, in which it was declared that, 
 " Whereas there was a law made by ye last assem- 
 bly for dividing ye county into particular town- 
 ships, therefore they (the jury) agree and order 
 'that from Pensaukin or Crop well River to 
 the lowermost branch of Coopers Creek shall 
 be one constabulaiy or township,' which received 
 the name of Waterford, it is supposed, from a 
 resemblance of the lower part of the territory to a 
 fishing town on the Barrow, in Ireland. Edward 
 Burrough was appointed constable for the year 
 in 'ye upper township.' " 
 
 Waterford, as erected at this time, extended 
 from the Delaware River, southeastward, between 
 the two creeks Pensaukin and Coopers, to an indefi- 
 nite head-line of the county, which was not accu- 
 rately determined until 1765, when Samuel 
 Clement made a survey and established the same. 
 The township was thus about thirty miles long, 
 extending from the Delaware to the head-line just 
 named, and following the windings of the Pensau- 
 kin and Coopers Creeks, in some places scarcely 
 two miles wide. It retained this form until 1844, 
 when all that part below the Evesham road was 
 set off" to form Delaware township, which was sub- 
 divided to form the township of Stockton. The 
 area of Waterford is about seventy square miles. 
 
 The records prior to 1850 have not been pre- 
 served, making the compilation of a complete list 
 of the principal officers, from the organization of 
 the township to the present time, an impossibility. 
 Since the period named the following have been the 
 
 TOWNSHIP CLERKS. 
 
 1850-61.— Wm. J. Rogers. 1864-06.— George Watson. 
 
 1862.— John W, Thackara. 1866.— Thomas T. Smith. 
 
 1863-54.- CorneliusT. Peacock. 1867-73.— Eayre Sharp. 
 
 1866-56.— Isaacs. Peacock. 1874-76.— Wm. H. NorcrosR. 
 
 1857-60.— Gamaliel P. Marple. 1877.— Robert "Wills. 
 
 1861-63.— Wm. J. Rogers. 1878-86.— Eayre Sharp. 
 
THE TOWNSHIP OP WATERFOED. 
 
 657 
 
 1867-68.— Joseph S. Head. 
 1869-72.— Wilham Thorn. 
 1873 —William Davis. 
 1874-76.- Kobert F. Wood. 
 1877-80.— Wm. Thorn. 
 1881-86.— Thomas S. Thorn. 
 
 185.V51.— Joseph G. Shinn. 
 1862, — iBaac L. Lowe. 
 1853. — Marmaduke Beckley. 
 1864-56.— William Penn, 
 1857.— Isaac S. Peacock. 
 1858-CO.— Wm. Penn. 
 1861-66.— Gamaliel B. Marple. 
 
 COLLECTORS. 
 
 1850-51.— Jos. L. Thackara. 1864-70.— Samuel S. Pickler. 
 
 1852-55.— Josephs. Bead. 1871-76.— Thomas S. Thorn. 
 
 1856-61.— Bi-azillia W. Bennett. 1877-84 -J. Curtis Davis. 
 
 1862-63.— Joshua P. Shai-p. 1885-86.— Wm. H. Norcros's. 
 
 JUSTICES or THE PEACE. 
 
 1850.- 
 
 -JoBeph L. Thackara. 
 Washington Schloeser. 
 1855. — Joseph J. Rogers. 
 1S56.— Richard Stafford. 
 1857.— Brarillia W. Bennett. 
 1858.— Jesse Peterson. 
 1862-67.— BrazilliaW. Bennett. 
 
 1868.— Manley I. Peacock. 
 1869.— JoBiah C. Engle. 
 1874^79.— B. W. Bennett. 
 1880.— Salmon Giddings. 
 1884- B. W. Bennett. 
 1885.— Salmon Giddings. 
 1886.— Samuel Layer. 
 
 For many years the annual elections were held 
 at the public-houses at Berlin, but in 1873 the 
 township purchased the old school building at this 
 place and converted the same into a town hall, 
 where these meetings have since been held. Being 
 large and centrally located, it is well adapted for 
 its use. 
 
 GLENDALE. 
 
 Glendale is a small hamlet two miles from Kirk- 
 wood, consisting of a store, church and half a 
 dozen dwellings. The business stand was erected 
 in 1851, by Ephraim Tomlinson, who opened a store 
 there, placing it in charge of Thomas Eogers, who 
 had previously carried on his store at Laurel Mills. 
 Tomlinson was also appointed postmaster, holding 
 that position until the office was discontinued. 
 David Middleton and Robert Wood were also store- 
 keepers, the latter a long term of years. For a 
 long time Glendale was an excellent trading-point, 
 and a second store was opened by Josiah C. Engle, 
 occupying the building on the corner opposite, 
 which is now his residence. This store was dis- 
 continued after a few years, but the old stand is still 
 occupied by George Stafford, though the place has 
 lost its former activity. 
 
 The only public-house in this locality was the 
 Cross Keys Tavern, on the public road to Gibbs- 
 boro', which was kept many years by Asa Van- 
 sciver, Elwood Wolohon Joseph Bates, Britton 
 Ayers, John Elwell and others. As long as the 
 road was much traveled, before the railroad was 
 built, the patronage of the house was good, but its 
 usefulness departed many years ago. The building 
 has been removed, and there is scarcely a reminder 
 of the old hostelry. 
 
 The soil at Glendale appears to be specially 
 adapted for the cultivation of small fruits, and 
 
 Glendale berries have become widely known. In 
 1882 Josiah 0. Engle had in cultivation one-third 
 of an acre of strawberries, which yielded him six 
 hundred and twenty-five dollars, an amount so 
 large that it attracted general attention. Among 
 the principal growers of this fruit at Glendale are 
 Josiah C. Engle, John Bobbins, E. W. Coffin, 
 Montgomery Stafford and a few others. 
 
 Glendale Methodist Episcopal Chuech is 
 a small frame building, on a stone basement, 
 which is used for school purposes. It stands on a 
 lot of ground donated by Alexander Cooper, who 
 also gratuitously furnished the stone in the build- 
 ing. The house was erected about 1855, by the 
 neighbors, for the purpose of securing a building 
 convenient for both church and school use. Among 
 those interested in promoting these objects were 
 Richard Stafford, Catherine Engle, Nixon Davis, 
 Joseph C. Stafford, Jesse Peterson, Israel Biggins, 
 Theodore Bishop and Montgomery Stafford. Most 
 of these adhered to the Methodist Church, and 
 also constituted the first members of the class or- 
 ganized before the house was built. The appoint- 
 ment was for many years supplied in connection 
 with Greenland and other churches. While con- 
 nected with Berlin, twenty-six years ago, the Bev. 
 Thomas Hanlon, at that time a young man, was 
 the preacher in charge, and, under his ministry, 
 the church had the greatest accession of members. 
 Bemovals have diminished the number, so that 
 in 1886 but thirty belonged. At the same time the 
 tJ-ustees were Montgomery Stafford, John Bates, 
 Jehu Engle, Jacob Acey and Charles Brown. 
 
 Ashland is a station on the Camden and At- 
 lantic Railroad, on the Delaware township line. 
 A post-otHce of the same name has been re- 
 cently established, and Amos Ebert appointed 
 postmaster. Aside from these, no other interests 
 have been created. 
 
 GIBBSBORO'. 
 
 Gibbsboro' is a village of two hundred and fifty- 
 five inhabitants, two miles from Kirkwood and 
 nearly the same distance from Glendale, and near 
 the site of a saw-mill built by Enoch Core as early 
 as 1731. It is important on account of the loca- 
 tion of the paint and color works of John Lucas 
 & Co., the proprietors of the village site. Its pop- 
 ulation is composed almost wholly of the em- 
 ployees of the works, many of them, through the 
 liberality of John Lucas, owning their own homes. 
 Additions have been recently completed, and with 
 the prospect of having a branch railway from the 
 Camden and Atlantic Railroad, the future of the 
 place has become correspondingly bright. Besides 
 the works of John Lucas & Co. there is a fine 
 
(15S 
 
 IirSTORY 01'' CAMDKN COUNTY, NKW JERSKY. 
 
 Episcopal chiipel,a number of beautiful residences, 
 with attractive grounds, and several stores. At 
 the older stand, Thomas Henderson was first in 
 trade. In June, 1881, J. S. Clark began merchan- 
 dising at the second stand, and since February 
 5, 1883, has served as postmaster of the Gibbs- 
 boro' oflice, established at that time. 
 
 The Gibbsboko' White Lead, Zinc and 
 Color Wohks, — These extensive works, employ- 
 ing a large number of men and creating prosperity 
 in all the region round about them, were estab- 
 lished by Mr. John Lucas, who commenced the 
 paint business in Philadelphia in 1849. He was 
 led to choose this locality on the head of Coopers 
 Creek by the consideration that the water in the 
 ponds or lakes here was of just the proper and 
 necessary quality for the manufacture of certain 
 specialties in paint, which, by experiment, he had 
 discovered, or, it may not improperly be said, in- 
 vented. He found the water free from lime and 
 iron-salts — an absolute requisite for the production 
 of unchangeable colors — and purchased a large 
 estate, upon which was an old grist and saw-mill. 
 Here he began manufacturing in a small way, 
 making use of the old water-power, wliich, how- 
 ever, was soon superseded by steum. The works 
 were enlarged from time to time as the demands 
 for the products of the factory rapidly increased, 
 and to the list of the colors manufactured were 
 added all those which he had formerly im- 
 ported. Mr. Lucas has also gradually extended 
 his land possessions, with a view to securing con- 
 trol of the water supply and its surroundings, and 
 thus maintaining its purity. While this has been 
 the motive of successive land purchases, another ef- 
 fect has resulted, which redounds to the advantage 
 of the emidoyccs, ibr the proprietor has been ena- 
 bled to sell such of them as wish to locate in the 
 neighborhood, building lots, or larger tracts of land 
 on a most liberal system of advances and easy pay. 
 ments. Any employee can, in a few years, provide 
 himself with a home, with many comibrts and 
 pleasant surroundings. 
 
 The products of the works, as the name implies, 
 are white lead, zinc and all kinds of paints. A 
 full line of varnis^hes is also manufactured. Some 
 idea of the magnitude of the works is conveyed 
 by the statement that the grinding and crushing 
 machinery have a capacity of sixty thousand 
 pounds per day. The best machinery known to 
 the trade is in use in the several departments, and 
 whatever is new, or whatever ingenuity can sug- 
 gest in the way of improved processes, is readily 
 adopted. There is an extensive laboratory in con- 
 nection with the works, in which experiments are 
 
 constantly being made, and in which practical 
 experience and theoretical knowledge are united 
 to produce the best results attainable. This de- 
 partment is under the supervision of Mr. Lucas' 
 sons, Albert and Harry S. Lucas. Three other 
 sons, John T., William E. and James F., also fill 
 positions of responsibility in these extensive works. 
 
 Mr. John I./Ucas has given his business close atten- 
 tion and made many practical improvements in the 
 manufacture of lead and paint, as the result of his 
 stu^y. In October, 1870, he took out letters-patent 
 for a combination apparatus for the manufacture 
 of painters' and paper-stainers' colors, which effects 
 a saving of fully fifty per cent, in labor alone; in 
 1872 ho procured a patent for preparing pure lin- 
 seed-oil liquid paints, and in 1878 he patented an 
 improved process for corroding and manufacturing 
 white lead. 
 
 The house has offices and stores at 141-143 
 North Fourth Street and 322-330 Race Street, 
 Philadelphia, and at 84 Maiden Lane, New York, 
 in which city the first oflice was opened at 122 
 West Broadway, in 18U9. 
 
 John Lucas,' manufacturing chemist, was born 
 at Stone, Staffordshire, England, November 25, 
 1823. He is the eldest son of Thomas Lucas, of 
 the same place, and a descendant of John Lucas, 
 of Ashbourn, Derbyshire, the warm friend and 
 companion of the celebrated I/-aak Walton. He 
 received a liberal education at Fieldplace Com- 
 mercial Academy, near his native town, which 
 having terminated, he entered the store and 
 counting-room of his father, who was a grocer and 
 tea dealer, where ho remained for a short time. 
 Finding, however, that mercantile pursuits were 
 not to his taste, ho commenced the study of agri- 
 cultural chemistry. His progress in this and its 
 kindred branches was so marked that to it he 
 owes his present attainments as a manufacturer. 
 As he desired to see something of the world 
 before selecting his future home, ho left England, 
 in 1844, for a visit to the United States and the 
 CanadiiB. He was so well pleased with the former 
 that on his return to England he made the neces- 
 sary arrangements for immigrating and becoming 
 an American citizen. It was in 1849 that he 
 finally quitted the "old country," and it was to 
 Philadelphia that he directed his steps. On his ar- 
 rival, with the usual energy and activity which 
 have ever marked his life, he entered at once into 
 business, and for a while pursued the calling of a 
 foreign commission and shipping merchant. He 
 represented several largo European manufacturing 
 houses, selling good F. O. B. in Europe, or 
 
 > From tha Biographlcul Unuyolopifdla of FeDnsyWanla. t . , 
 
THE TOWNSHIP OP WATERFORD. 
 
 659 
 
 importing to order. His first store was at No. 33 
 North Front Street, where he coafined himself al- 
 most exclusively to paints and colors, or materials 
 used in the manufacture of the same ; but finding 
 it a difficult matter to ascertain — through the 
 medium of the wholesale trade — the most desirable 
 articles needed in the American market and by 
 painters, he took a large store on Fourth Street, 
 •north of Arch, the locale then, as now, of the 
 paint and color trade, and himself served behind 
 the counter, thus coming into direct contact with 
 the practical painter, for the purpose of discover- 
 ing what were his actual requirements. By this 
 means he learned that a good green paint[was needed 
 to take the place of the Paris or arsenical green, 
 so deficient in body and so injurious to those using 
 the same. Now, his proficiency in chemistry was 
 of immense service to him, and, after repeated 
 experiments, he discovered a method of producing 
 the required article, and has received letters- 
 patent for valuable improvements in the ma- 
 chinery requisite in manufacturing the same. 
 
 In 1852, for the purpose of extending his busi- 
 ness, he associated himself with Joseph Foster, a 
 relation of his, who was an old and experienced 
 color manufacturer. They removed their estab- 
 lishment to No. 130 Arch Street, and he purchased 
 a tract of land in Camden County, N. J., on which 
 there was a large sheet of remarkably pure water, 
 entirely devoid of iron or lime (the head-waters of 
 Coopers Creek). Thereon he erected the " Gibbs- 
 horo' White-lead, Zinc and Color Works." The 
 purity of the water enabled him to produce 
 the beautiful permanent "Swiss'' and "Imperial 
 French Greens," now so favorably known and so 
 extensively used throughout the United States 
 and the Dominion. The perfection to which he 
 has brought the white oxide of zinc, effected by 
 continued and careful chemical experiments, may 
 be understood when it is stated that the best 
 judges of the article have pronounced it to be 
 not only superior to any manufactured in this 
 country, but fully equal to the world-renowned 
 Vieulle Montaigne Company's production. The 
 pulp steel and Chinese blue and primrose chrome 
 yellows have superseded the French and English, 
 and are now used by all the leading paper-hanging 
 manufacturers in the United States. In 1857 
 Joseph Foster withdrew from the firm, when the 
 senior partner was joined by his brother, William 
 H. Lucas, who took charge of the salesroom and 
 financial department, leaving the former at liberty 
 to devote his sole attention to the manufacturing 
 and chemical departments, a plan which has 
 enabled the firm to attain that pre-eminence they 
 
 now hold in the trade. Having become an Ameri- 
 can citizen by naturalization, he has ever since 
 identified himself with every national movement. 
 At the outbreak of the Rebellion, in 1861, he 
 threw all his heart and energy into the Union 
 cause, and took active part in organizing, drilling 
 and equipping volunteers for the army. The 
 location of his large interests in New Jersey has 
 naturally caused him to feel a deep interest in the 
 prosperity of the Camden and Atlantic Railroad, 
 of which he has been for some years a director, 
 and of which he also served as president from 
 1876-77, and through it in the welfare of the town 
 at its terminus on the sea-coast. His works, near 
 "White-Horse Station," contribute revenue in no 
 small degree to the road from the amount of 
 freight shipped and received at that point. Per- 
 sonally, he is genial and affable, combining the 
 shrewd man of business with the polished gentle- 
 man; while among the mercantile community his 
 name for honesty and integrity has no superior. 
 
 John Lucas was, upon September 6, 1854, united 
 in marriage with Harriet Annie Bown (born May 
 27, 1836), only daughter of Abraham and Ellen 
 Bown, of Philadelphia, both born in England. 
 They have been the parents of fifteen children, 
 twelve of whom are living — eight sons and four 
 daughters, viz. : John Thomas, William Edward, 
 James Foster, Albert, Harry Spencer, Joseph 
 Wilson, Robert Suddard, S. Barton, Harriet Annie 
 (now Mrs. Charles A. Potter), Ellen Bown, Eliza- 
 beth Sanders and Frances Ethel. Mrs. Lucas was 
 instrumental in building the Episcopal Church at 
 Gibbsboro'— "St. John's in the Wilderness" — and 
 a rectory is nearlng completion as a result of her 
 well-directed energy. In Philadelphia she is 
 identified with the Chinese and Italian Missions 
 and the Indian Rights Society and is a manager 
 in several institutions, the last being the Hayes 
 Mechanics' Home, on Belmont Avenue. She is 
 also president of the Women's Silk Culture Asso- 
 ciation of the United States. 
 
 Pjbotestant Episcopal Church of St. John 
 IN THE Wilderness.' — After a residence of several 
 years in the village of Gibbsboro', during which 
 time the increase of population had been consider- 
 able, it became a matter of duty, as well as a work 
 of love, to Mr. John Luc as and others of the color 
 works, to provide a church for the regular oppor- 
 tunities of service to Gotl. It seemed proper, after 
 years of prosperity, to thus acknowledge his bless- 
 ings, and in this spirit work was begun and the cor- 
 ner-stone of the church edifice laid October 1, 
 1882. Bishop John Scarborough officiated, and in 
 
 1 By Mrs. John Lucas. 
 
660 
 
 HISTOKY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 his address emphasized the duty manufacturers 
 and other employers owe to their employees, and 
 urged them to have a care for their spiritual as well 
 as their bodily needs. On June 24, 1883, the church 
 was consecrated and deeded to the diocese, as a 
 free-will gift, in a state of full completion. It is a 
 handsome frame structure in the Gothic style of 
 architecture, with a slated roof, relieved by a neat 
 belfry. The interior has a modern finish, the 
 windows being stained glass and the furniture of 
 unique design and rich construction. The out- 
 side surroundings are also very pleasing, the 
 grounds being well set with trees and shrubbery, 
 causing the place to be one of the most attractive 
 in the village. The entire cost of the property 
 was more than eight thousand dollars, much the 
 greater part of which was borne by John Lucas. 
 
 In the spring of 1886 Lucian Wooster donated a 
 lot of ground to the trustees of the church upon 
 which they will erect a rectory the coming sum- 
 mer, and it is also proposed to erect a St. John's 
 guild-house, the ensuing year, for literary meetings 
 and entertainments, and to establish a reading- 
 room in connection. It is believed that such a 
 measure will contribute to a fund to extend the 
 usefulness of the church and to awaken an interest 
 in its work. A plat of ground will also be pre- 
 pared as a God's acre, where may be placed the 
 mortal remains of those who had their habitation 
 here and who, in death, can repose in the shadow 
 of the church where they worshipped. 
 
 On St. John's day of each year a confirmation 
 class of from six to ten have been presented to the 
 bishop, and the doctrines and teachings of the 
 Protestant Episcopal Church have been eagerly 
 accepted, especially by the young of the village. 
 The church has a flourishing Sabbath-school of 
 seventy scholars and there are also connected with 
 it a sewing guild, an entertainment guild, and a 
 beneficial association at the works for the benefit 
 of the men of Gibbsboro' and vicinity, all proving 
 valuable adjuncts. 
 
 The first rector of the church was the Rev. 
 James W. Ashton, formerly of the Grace Protes- 
 tant Episcopal Church, Philadelphia, but now 
 rector of St. Stephen's, Olean, N. Y. He began 
 his ministry here in the school-house December 1, 
 1882, and continued until March 3, 1883, when he 
 left for his present parish. The Kev. Ezra Isaac 
 became the next, rector conducting an earnest min- 
 istry for a period of one year and nine months, 
 until continued sickness caused him to resign and 
 return to his home at Bordentown. The present 
 rector, the Rev. John R. Moses, took charge of the 
 church March 9, 1886, and here received his 
 
 degree as a minister. His labors have been earn- 
 est and, having the co-operation of his members, 
 St. John's in the Wilderness will become a potent 
 factor among the religious influences of the town- 
 ship. 
 
 BERLIN. 
 
 Berlin is the oldest village in the township and 
 ranks as one of the oldest settlements in the upper 
 part of the county. Its present name is of recent . 
 adoption, the place being known for more than a 
 hundred years as Long-a-Coming. There is a tra- 
 dition that this term originated as follows : "In 
 the latter part of the seventeenth century, while 
 some sailors were toiling along the Indian trail 
 from the coast, to Philadelphia, wearied by the 
 hot summer's sun, fatigued and thirsty, they 
 momentarily expected to find a stream where 
 they had been told they might obtain pure water. 
 But hour after hour they were doomed to disap- 
 pointment, nothing but sand and pine forests ap- 
 pearing on either hand. At last, when wearied to 
 faintness and about yielding to despair, a beautiful 
 stream came to view, shaded by pendant boughs 
 and decked around with woodland flowers. 
 Hastily throwing aside their packs they bounded 
 to the brook, exclaiming, ' Here you are at last, 
 though long-a-coming.' They told their com- 
 panions about this stream and the circumstances 
 connected with finding it, when the name Long-a- 
 Coming was applied to the locality, by which it 
 became known near and far." 
 
 The stream in question is the main branch of 
 the Great Egg Harbor River, and, being near the 
 source of the same and flowing through a cedar 
 swamp, the waters were pure and fresh. It was 
 but natural, then, that this place should be se- 
 lected for settlement many years before the lands in 
 the surrounding country were located, and that 
 many miles intervened between this and other set- 
 tlements for a long term of years. The lands here 
 were located in 1714 by Peter Rich and Richard 
 Moss, the place being at that time already called 
 Long-a-Coming. A few rude cabins were built on 
 the highest ground, where Samuel Scull afterwards 
 lived and had a tavern, as early as 1760. This 
 tavern was later continued by John Scull, and was, 
 no doubt, a place of great accommodation to the 
 travelers of that day. In 1770 John Rogers bought 
 a piece of land of Scull, near the grave-yard, where 
 he built a house and lived until his death. The 
 farm was long known by the family name. George 
 Marple lived in the same locality, having bought 
 some land of Scull, which he improved. Other 
 early settlers were Joseph Murrell, George Budd, 
 John Thorne, Joel Bodine, Jacob Phifer, Andrew 
 
THE TOWNSHIP OF WATEKFORD. 
 
 661 
 
 Newman and Richard Bettle. Some of these lived 
 a short distance from Long-a-Coming proper, but 
 were a part of that settlement. Their improve- 
 ments were meagre and for many years the farms 
 were small, the principal occupation of the in- 
 habitants being lumbering. The products were 
 hauled to Chews Landing, whence they were 
 taken by boats to Philadelphia. Joel Bodine be- 
 ■ came a tavern-keeper at a later day, having his 
 place, in part of the present lower stand. The 
 house has been enlarged and has had many keepers, 
 Joseph 8. Read and Joseph Shivers being among 
 those who continued longest. Where is now the 
 residence of B. W. Bennett, Thos. Wright had a 
 public-house some years, but more than fifty years 
 ago built part of what is now called the upper 
 tavern. Later landlords at that place were Jacob 
 Leach and Samuel 8. Cake, whose fame was not 
 confined to their own neighborhood ; but since the 
 building of railroads the glory of both of these 
 old taverns has departed. 
 
 Samuel Shreve was the first merchant of any 
 prominence. About 1816 he engaged in trade at 
 the present Smith stand, continuing until 1835, 
 when he removed to Burlington County. In the 
 course of twenty years he returned to Berlin, set- 
 tling on the present Ezra Stokes farm, where he 
 died in 1868. He not only carried on a store, but 
 had a tannery and manufactured most of his 
 leather into harness and shoes, having shops near 
 by, where these trades were carried on by him. 
 He also had an interest in the Waterford Glass 
 Works. About the same time Thos. Wright started 
 his charcoal works, thus making the upper end of 
 the village a busy place. The tannery was dis- 
 continued before 1835, but the store was carried 
 on by Joseph Shreve. Others in trade at this 
 place were John Burrough, John P. Harker and 
 Joseph S. Read. The latter removed the stock to 
 the old Peter Ross'store, which was built in 1849, but 
 which has been long used as a residence. At the 
 Shreve stand Thos. T. Smith has been in trade and 
 postmaster since 1865, following Samuel S. Cake. 
 The office has four mails daily. At the lower end 
 of the village Wm. Dill opened a store sixty years 
 ago, and later merchants at that stand were Josiah 
 Albertson, Marmaduke Beckley and the present 
 Sam'l Sickler. Near the same time John Albertson 
 began trading in the present Wm. Albertson store^ 
 continuing until 1847. A little earlier John 
 Thackara opened a small store, and in the same 
 neighborhood Joseph L. Thackara traded a short 
 time, in recent years, where is now the store of 
 AVilliara & Samuel Haines. 
 These business-places being widely separated, 
 80 
 
 the village was built in a straggling manner, a 
 few houses being clustered around each store, all 
 being on the old Blue Anchor road, for a mile or 
 more. None of these lots were regularly plotted, 
 but when the Camden and Atlantic Railroad lo- 
 cated a station here, in 1856, the Land Improve- 
 ment Company connected with that corporation 
 laid out a number of acres into lots and sold the 
 same at public auction. This induced settlement, 
 and a number of fine houses were built in the new 
 part, which has a healthy location, being one 
 hundred and eighty-four feet above tide-water. 
 In subsequent years the growth was slow, the en- 
 tire population in 1886 not exceeding five hundred. 
 
 The first station agent was Joseph L. Thackai-a ; 
 the present is H. C. Sharp. At Berlin the ship- 
 ment of fruit forms a large share of the business 
 done by the railroad. Among the principal 
 growers and shippers are Ezra Stokes, John C. 
 Clay, John P. Harker, John Bates, Job Albertson, 
 Ward Robinson, George Robinson, Augustus Olt 
 and L. Heath. Shipments of fruit have more 
 than doubled in recent years, and the acreage 
 around Berlin is constantly increasing. From 
 1S54 to 1862 Ezra Stokes had a nursery near the 
 village, whose business had grown to fine propor- 
 tions, when the war caused him to discontinue it. 
 
 Weight's Ohaecoal Woeks is the only man- 
 ufacturing interest in the village aside from the 
 ordinary mechanic pureuits. This business was 
 begun about seventy yeare ago by Thomas ^Vright, 
 the grandfather of the present proprietor, in the 
 upper end of the village, near the public- house 
 which he was at that time keeping. His mill was 
 small, the grinding being done by a single hoi-se. 
 About 1839, Thomas B. Wright, his son, estab- 
 lished the present works on a scale much greater 
 than the old mill, which has been abandoned. 
 After his death, in 1847, his son Charles took 
 chai'ge of the business and has since successfully 
 carried on the same. About twenty years ago he 
 began using steam-power, whereby he was enabled 
 to greatly increase the capacity of the works. In 
 1886 there were seventeen retorts, capable of 
 refining six hundred bushels of charcoal daily. 
 The demands of ti-ade require the preparation of 
 the coal in various forms, the principal ones being 
 pulverized and granulated. These works have 
 been useful in converting the surplus timber sup- 
 ply of this section into a commodity whose ship- 
 ment is easily made and has furnislied steady em- 
 ployment to a number of men. In late years near- 
 ly all the crude coal has been brought to the 
 works from outside the county by the railroad, 
 which has here a convenient side-track. 
 
662 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 The first practitioners of medicine in this part 
 of the township, after the pioneers whose circuit 
 extended over the entire county, lived at Tans- 
 boro', some being in practice here a short time 
 only. Among those best remembered, after 1840, 
 were Drs. Stout, Parham, Barrows, Risley, Grigg, 
 Eicord and Lee. The latter left the place to go to 
 the Mexican War. 
 
 The veteran practitioner at Berlin is Dr. Daniel 
 M. Stout, who has here been active in his profes- 
 sion for nearly forty years, serving, also, about all 
 the time as township physician. He has as con- 
 temporaries in the same school of medicine. Dr. 
 William Westcott since 1883, and Dr. William C. 
 Raughley since 1884. As a homoeopathist. Dr. 
 Robert H. Peacock has been in practice a few 
 years, following Dr. Samuel H. Johnson. The 
 latter had practiced about a dozen years, when he 
 died at this place. Other homreopathist physi- 
 cians at Berlin were Dr. Joseph Shreve and Dr. 
 Samuel G. Shivers, each for a few years. 
 
 LippAKD Circle, No. 14, B. U. H. F., was in- 
 stituted in March, 1884, and has had a flourishing 
 existence. In 188() there were more than sixty 
 members. The first principal officers were John 
 H. Dill, Thomas E. Bradbury, Job Albertson, 
 Henry Westcott, John Hampton and Howard C. 
 Sharp. 
 
 Berlin Building and LoaS Association, 
 No. 3, was chartered March 8, 1886, and is, as its 
 name indicates, the third institution of the kind 
 at this place. The first was organized in 1868 and 
 closed up its business inside of the seventh year. 
 The second series, placed on the market in 1874, 
 matured in about the same period of time. Asso- 
 ciation No. 2 was incorporated July 8, 1872. In 
 No. 3 the par value of a share is fixed at tv/o hun- 
 dred dollars and the number of shares restricted 
 to six hundred. The following composed the 
 board of directors : Thomas E. Bradbury, presi- 
 dent; Samuel E. Layer, vice-president; John P. 
 Harker, secretary ; Joshua Barton, treasurer ; W. 
 H. Bishop, H. Snyder, S. S. Stokes, H. McCulley 
 and G. Crum. 
 
 These associations have been beneficial to the 
 village, materially assisting in building up the 
 place as well as proving profloable investments. 
 
 BerijIN Library Association was organized 
 February 1, 1882, to establish and maintain a 
 library and reading-room in the village. It owes 
 its existence to the eftbrts of Mrs. R. H. Strong 
 and Miss Lizzie Chew, two of the public school 
 teachers, who were most active in this work. The 
 association selected as its first oflicers: President, 
 Joshua Barton ; Vice-President, Mrs. R. H. Strong ; 
 
 Secretary, H. G. Smith; Treasurer, Miss S. E. 
 Collins ; Librarian, Benjamin F. Read ; Executive 
 Committee, J. L. Thackara, S. S. Stokes, H. 0. 
 Sharp. Soon after the library, with sixty volumes, 
 was opened to the public, and has since been well 
 patronized. In June, 1886, the members num- 
 bered thirty-five, and there were two hundred and 
 eighty books in the library, besides pamphlets and 
 public documents. The funds for the support of 
 the library are obtained by a yearly membership 
 fee of one dollar, and the proceeds arisin g from 
 lectures and entertainments given by the associa- 
 tion. This body derives much of its active support 
 from the public schools, which were graded in 
 1875. The aggregate attendance of the schools is 
 one hundred and forty-two. The school building 
 is spacious and has a beautiful location. It is the 
 best public improvement in the village. About a 
 mile from this Riley's Select School was located a 
 few years before it was i)ermanently established at 
 Haddonfield. In a sketch of that village may be 
 found a full account of the school. 
 
 Berlin Presbyterian Church. — Soon after 
 the church at Blackwood had been built, the mis- 
 sionaries who preached there visited Long-a-Com- 
 ing statedly, and held meetings at this place. The 
 services were held first at private houses, but about 
 1766 in the log building which had been erected 
 in the grave-yard, and which was conveyed that 
 year to a number of persons, in trust, most of them 
 being also trustees of the Blackwood and Wood- 
 bury Churches. John Brainerd, the Indian mis- 
 sionary, preached here, and later Benjamin Chest- 
 nut became the regular minister, so far as he could 
 supply the wants of the congregation. But who 
 composed this congregation, and just when it was 
 organized, cannot now be determined. John Rog- 
 ers was one of the members, and Northrop Mar- 
 pie another; but it is probable that they were 
 always few in number. Though deeded to Pres- 
 byterian trustees, the log meeting-house was free 
 to all denominations, and was occupied by travel- 
 ing ministers belonging to the Friends, Episcopa- 
 lians and, later. Baptists and Methodists. The 
 Presbyterian congregation does not appear to have 
 sustained an existence after the war, and soon after 
 became wholly extinct. Mr. Safford said, in 1821 : 
 " I visited Long-a-Coming at the request of Dr. 
 Janeway. It is fourteen miles from Philadelphia, 
 and contains twelve or thirteen houses. Here was 
 formerly a church under the care of Mr. John 
 Brainerd. It is now extinct. There are, however, 
 four persons residing in the place who belong to 
 the Second Presbyterian Church of Philadeljihia. 
 They greatly desire missionary labor. Their cry 
 
THE TOWNSHIP OF WATERPORD. 
 
 663 
 
 is, 'Come over and help us.'" But it was not 
 until July 10, 1867, that another (the present) 
 Presbyterian congregation was organized. Its con- 
 stituent members were Ellen M. Hunt, Ellen M. 
 Adams, Sarah W. Brace, Mrs. S. Read, Richard 
 Brace, Mary S. Brace and George A. Brace. 
 Richard Brace was elected the first ruling el- 
 der, and was ordained July 28, 1867, and the 
 Rev. John B. Edmundson became the first pas- 
 tor. The first meetings were held in the old 
 Methodist Church, but on the 8th of September, 
 1868, the corner-stone of a church edifice was laid, 
 which was completed the following year at a cost 
 of four thousand dollars. In 1870 the Rev. E. D. 
 Newberry assumed pastoral relation to the church, 
 which continued one year. In 1871 and 1872 the 
 pulpit was supplied by students from Princeton. In 
 July of the latter year Elder Brace and his fam- 
 ily removed, since wliicli time the congregation 
 has had no ruling elder, and the interest in the 
 affairs of the church have steadily declined. In 
 1886 the members numbered ten, and services were 
 only occasionally held. The church building, a 
 large frame, had become dilapidated, but was 
 about being repaired by the few devoted members 
 remaining, assisted by the citizens of the village. 
 
 Centenary Methodist Episcopal Ohueoh 
 was organized at Berlin soon after 1830, having 
 among its early members John C. Thackara and 
 his wife, Elizabeth, and a few others. The first 
 meetings were held in the upper room of the Tliack- 
 ara's store building and, after a time, in theschool- 
 house on the cemetery lot. Soon after a plain frame 
 meeting-house was built on the Main street of the 
 village, which was used until the present edifice was 
 occupied. This was built in 1866 — tlie first cen- 
 tenary of American Methodism — and on the 7th 
 of December, that year, the church became an in- 
 corporated body, with the above name. The trus- 
 tees at that time were John P. Harker, James M. 
 Peacock, James Duble, Joseph L. Thackara, Dan- 
 iel M. Stout, Gamaliel B. Marple and John A. 
 Cobb. 
 
 In February, 1867, the new church was conse- 
 crated and the old building was soon thereafter 
 conveyed to the Baptist Society of Berlin, by 
 whom it has since been used as a place of worship. 
 The Centenary Church is a very large frame build- 
 ing, erected at a cost of eight thousand dollars. 
 This amount was a heavy burden to the congrega- 
 tion, from which it was not relieved until May, 
 1886, when about $2000 was raised and the 
 church declared free from debt. Since that time a 
 parsonage, standing on a lot adjoining the church 
 property, has been purchased for eighteen hun- 
 
 dred dollars, and improvements made on the 
 church itself. A small building, near the church, 
 the gift of one of the members, T. T. Smith, is used 
 as a chapel, in which business meetings are also 
 held. In 1886 the trustees of the property were 
 Dr. D. M. Stout, T.T. Smith, J. P. P. Brown, J. P. 
 Harker, Dr. R. H. Peacock and Swain Thackara. 
 
 Since 1876 Berlin has sustained the relation of a 
 station to the Conference with which it is connected, 
 and the preachers in charge have been the Revs. 
 W. C. Stockton, James F. Murrell, William Mar- 
 gerum, W. E. Greenbank, John Joralemon, J. S. 
 Parker, R. G. Ruckman and the present, T. S. 
 Willson. 
 
 The church has ninety members and a Sunday- 
 school having about tlie same membership, super- 
 intended by Harry G. Smith. This school was 
 organized in 1839 by Joseph L. Thackara, and has 
 been kept up since that period. 
 
 Berlin Baptist Church. — This church was 
 organized June 7, 1874, with the following mem- 
 bers : N. A. Haines and wife, Peter Brodie and 
 wife, Levi Lippincott and wife, Chalkly Haines 
 and wife, W. O. Talcott and wife, Mr. Treat and 
 wife, Mr. Murray and wife, Joseph N. Gorton, 
 Ruth A. Gorton, ' Thomas Y. England, A. H. 
 Combs, George Haines and J. G. Rowand. The 
 Rev- A. J. Hires presided as moderator. An elec- 
 tion for officers resulted in the choice of Thomas 
 Y. England, as clerk ; Chalkley Haines, as deacon ; 
 and W. O. Talcott, L. Lippincott, J. G. Rowand 
 and the two foregoing, as trustees. 
 
 The old Methodist meeting-house was secured 
 as a church and services were now regularly held, 
 and on the 29th of July, 1875, the Rev. Thomas W. 
 Wilkinson was ordained the first pastor, the meet- 
 ing for this purpose being largely attended by vis- 
 iting clergymen. He remained pastor of the church 
 until 1880, and has occasionally preached since 
 that time. Soon after his accession there was an 
 encouraging increase of membership, the number 
 in 1878 being in the neighborhood of a hundred. 
 At this time I. N. Gorton, Peter Brodie and Wil- 
 liam Haines were deacons, andHillman F. Sharp, 
 clerk. The removal of some members and other 
 causes led to a decline of interest in church work, 
 until at present (1886) the membership is very 
 small. The pulpit is supplied irregularly and it 
 is with difficulty that the church is kept up. 
 
 Joseph N. Ross, of Berlin, has in his possession 
 a copy of a Bible which was published iu 1599, and 
 is supposed to be the oldest book of the kind in 
 New Jersey. It is a small octavo volume, printed 
 " at London by the Deputies of Christopher Barker, 
 Printer, to the Queens most excellent Majestie 
 
664 
 
 HISTOKY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 1599 
 Oum, privilegio." 
 
 Bound up with the Bible proper are hymns with 
 tunes, the ritual of the Church of England, and 
 the 
 
 " Bookeof PSalmes, collected into English Meter 
 by Thomas Sternhold, John Hopkins and others, 
 1633." 
 
 The book was bought in 1760 by William 
 Gough, and brought to America by that family. 
 Excepting the cover, the book is still in a good 
 state of preservation. 
 
 The Beklin" Cemeteky. — A little more than 
 half a mile from the main part of the village is a 
 cemetery whose history antedates the Kevolution. 
 Believing that his new home would become the 
 centre of a large settlement, notwithstanding that it 
 was so much isolated at that time, Samuel Scull 
 set aside three acres of land, which should be 
 sacred to the dead ; and to put this purpose in 
 proper form, he conveyed the same, September 18, 
 1766, to Michael Fisher, David Eoe, Peter Cheese- 
 man, Northrop Marple and Henry Thorne, as 
 trustees of a Presbyterian Church' which bad 
 just been organized, and whosemeetings were held 
 in a log building which stood on this lot of 
 ground. In making the transfer, he speaks of a 
 " grave-yard thereon, near a place called Long-a- 
 Coming, being near the head of the Great Egg 
 Harbor River," so that, most likely, burials had 
 here been made for some years. The old building 
 continued to be used for school and church pur- 
 poses, and after its decay was replaced by a better 
 building, in which public schools were held. 
 Thus the cemetery, being a public place, was kept 
 up with reasonable good care until it passed under 
 the management of the Berlin Cemetery Associa- 
 tion, which has assured its future preservation. 
 This association was formally incorporated Janu- 
 ary 26, 1884, with a board of officers which has 
 been continued to the present. 
 
 The cemetery contains a larger number of graves 
 than any other rural burial-ground in the county. 
 The resting-places of those first interred are indi- 
 cated by plain, low sandstones, without inscrip- 
 tions. Two rows of graves thus appear whose 
 occupants are to the present generation unknown. 
 Many other graves have neat marble head-stones, 
 from which the following facts have been gleaned : 
 
 Jacob Cain, died 1847, aged fifty-two years. 2 
 Sarah Cain, died 1848, aged seventy yeara. 
 James Cain, Sr., died 1854, aged eiglity-seven years. 
 Seth Cain, died 1856, aged forty-iive years. 
 
 1 See Presbyterian Church. 
 
 8 The number of years are here expressed in round numbers only. 
 
 James Bodine, Sr., died 1841, aged sixty-two years. 
 Sarah Bodine, died 1843, aged flfty-three years. 
 Sarah Evans, died 1867, aged seventy-three years. 
 Isaac Jones, died 1871, aged seventy-seven years. 
 Hester Jones, died 1882, aged eighty-two years. 
 John Jones, died 1854, aged flfty-nine years. 
 William Powell, died 1881, aged seventy-seven years. 
 Kichard Bettle, died 1846, aged thirty-six years. 
 John McLain, died 1878, aged seventy-seven years. 
 Anna MoLain, died 1872, aged sixty-four yeara. 
 John Rogers, died 1849, aged sixty yeara. 
 Mary Rogers, died 1878, aged eighty-three years. 
 John Johnston, died 1849, aged seventy-nine yeara. 
 Sarah Johnston, died 1849, aged sixty-seven yeara. 
 James McLain, Sr., died 1843, aged seventy-seven years. 
 Eve McLain, died 1809, aged flfty-two yeare. 
 James McLain, Jr., died 1863, aged sixty-two years. 
 John Bogera, Sr., died 1797, aged iifty-two years. 
 Bvs Sogers, died 1827, aged eighty-two years. 
 John Pheifer, died 1812, aged forty-four yeara. 
 Mary McLain, died 1849, aged seventy-six yeara. 
 Elizabeth Brown, died 1879, aged seventy-five years. 
 James Dill, died 1865, aged seventy-three years. 
 Anna Dill, died 1871, aged seventy-five yeara. 
 William Dill, died 1831, aged thirty-four years. 
 Samuel Albertson, died 1839, aged seventy-five years. 
 Sarah Albertson, died 1826. 
 
 Josiah S. Albertson, died 1854, aged thirty-nine years. 
 John Albertson, died 1845, tiged forty-three yeara. 
 Sarah Albertson, died 1875, aged seventy-two years. 
 Wilham Shough, died 1847, aged seventy-six years. 
 Thomas Wright, died 1839, aged sixty-nine yeara. 
 Rebecca Wright, died 1858, aged seventy-eight yeara. 
 Thomas B. Wright, died 1847, aged forty-five years. 
 Naomi Wright, died 1854, aged fifty yeara. 
 Mahlon Marple, died 1843, aged eighty-five yeara. 
 Mary Marple, died 1846, aged eighty-five yeara. 
 Catherine Watson, died 1871, aged eighty-four years. 
 Peter Watson, died 1850, aged sixty-nine years. 
 Idilia Watson, died 1868, aged sixty-four yeara. 
 Samuel Watson, died 1851, aged seventy-five yeara. 
 Sarah Cain, died]1879, aged eighty years. 
 David Cobb, died 1834, aged thirty-five years. 
 Jacob Leach, died 1853, aged fifty-eight yeara. 
 Lavinia Leach, died 1875, aged seventy-five yeara. 
 Friend R. J. Mapes, died 1871, aged seventy-six yeara. 
 George Githens, died 1849, aged sixty years. 
 William Peacock, died 1869, aged eighty yeara. 
 William Cook, died 1864, aged sixty -four yeara. 
 Marmaduke Garwood, died 1872, agfed sixty-two years. 
 Sebastian Burkhart, died 1862, aged sixty-two yeara, 
 Elizabeth Thackara, died 1866, aged seventy-six years. 
 John C. Thackara, died 1840, aged fifty-two yeara. 
 Joseph McCuUy, died 1867, aged sixty-three yeare. 
 William Layer, died 1877, aged seventy-seven yeara. 
 Theodore Bishop, died 1883, aged sixty-four years. 
 Joseph Rogers, died 1875, aged fifty-four yeara. 
 William S. Dill, died 1879, aged sixty-two yeara. 
 John I. Githens, died 1885, aged seventy-three yeara. 
 Levi C. Lippincott, died 1885, aged sixty-nine yeara. 
 Daniel D. Barkley, died 1885, aged seventy-seven yeara. ■ 
 Charles C. Wiltse, died 1870, aged eighty-three years. 
 John Hugg, died 1880, aged seventy-five years. 
 Elizabeth Hugg, died 1874, aged sixty-eight yeara. 
 Samuel M. Thorn, died 1863, aged sixty-five yeara. 
 Tamar Thorn, died 1867, aged sixty-nine yeara. 
 Henry Bate, died 1876, aged eighty-three yeara. 
 Henry Hoffman, died 1856, aged sixty-foiu- yeara. 
 Mary Swain, died April 10, 1857, aged one hundred and three 
 years, four months and twenty-four days. 
 
 The cemetery association has converted the old 
 
THE TOWNSHIP OF WATERFORD. 
 
 665 
 
 school building, standing on the grounds, into a 
 chapel, and made other necessary improvements, 
 including neat iron fences along the road-sides. 
 In all particulars the arrangements bear com- 
 parison with town cemeteries. In June, 1886, the 
 officers of the association were Thomas A. Thorne, 
 president ; James C. Bishop, treasurer ; Charles I. 
 Wooster, secretary; John Bate, James H. Howard, 
 Henry M. Cully and Marmaduke Beckley, direc- 
 tors. 
 
 The Jackson Glass Works were named in 
 honor of the hero of New Orleans. They were es- 
 tablished in the wilds of Waterford, by Thomas 
 H. Richards, in 1827, but soon became the scene 
 of a business activity, which continued for nearly 
 half a century. After the death of Thomas H. 
 Richards his sons, Samuel H. and Thomas, carried 
 on the works until the exhausted timber supply 
 made further operation unprofitable. They were 
 destroyed by fire in May, 1877, one factory only of 
 the three formerly at this place being in use by 
 Thomas Richards, the last operator. The build- 
 ings being abandoned soon went to decay, and but 
 few evidences of this once busy place now re- 
 main. The post-office was discontinued about 1873> 
 and after the removal of the workmen all former 
 interests were abandoned. 
 
 The Richards estate owned about three thou- 
 sand acres of land in this section, extending from 
 the Burlington County line beyond the Camden 
 and Atlantic Railroad. Where the railroad from 
 Williamstown forms a junction with that road and 
 the New Jersey Southern Railroad, on part of this 
 estate, nineteen miles from Philadelphia, George 
 W. Hancock laid out the town of 
 
 in 1866. The original plat embraced sixty acres, 
 which was surveyed into large lots and twenty 
 streets. The principal one of these was called 
 Atco Avenue, which crosses the Camden Railroad 
 at right angles. The avenues along the railroads 
 were named Atlantic and Raritan, respectively. 
 The town site being on high, dry lands, on the 
 southern slope of the divide, near by, and having 
 exceptionally good railroad facilities, its import- 
 ance was soon recognized. A number of lots were 
 at once sold, and for a time it was flourishing be- 
 yond any of the villages in the county. Its subse- 
 quent improvement was less rapid, and in 1886 
 the population did not exceed four hundred. 
 
 The first building in the place was put up in 
 1866 by James E. Alton, on the south side of the 
 
 1 Called after the Atco Swamp, an Indian term for a place of 
 many deer. 
 
 railroad, and the second was by Ira Wakeley, in 
 the same neighborhood. The same year the Rich- 
 ards estate put up the hotel building opposite the 
 railroad depot, which was opened as the " Atco 
 House." Its name has since been changed, but it 
 is still used for the entertainment of the public. In 
 1866 Wellington Baker opened the first store, oc- 
 cupying a frame building on the site of the Wood- 
 land Block. The latter is a three-story brick 
 and frame building, erected to its present condi- 
 tion, in 1885, by Charles H. Woodland. Since 
 October, of the same year, Woodland has been the 
 postmaster of the Atco office. Baker being the 
 firat postmaster and Salmon Giddings being the 
 intermediate appointee. Under the latter's ad- 
 ministration the office was kept at the store of A. 
 J. Day, who has here been in trade since 1877. 
 Other stores were kept by W. O. Talcott, E. Parker 
 and W. C. Sloan, the latter being at present in 
 trade in the old comb factory building. 
 
 In 1877 John T. Wilcox established the first 
 manufacturing enterprise in the village — a horn- 
 comb factory. Steam-power was employed, and a 
 successful business was done for several years. In 
 1883 operations were suspended, the machinery 
 sold and the engine removed to the plant of 
 
 The Atco Glass Works. — These works 
 have an eligible location, near the junction 
 of the railroads, which have provided good 
 track facilities. They were gotten in opera- 
 tion in April, 1884, by the Atco Glass M.inufactur- 
 ing Company, under the management of J. T. 
 Wilcox. There is an eight-pot furnace, with the 
 latest improvements, arranged for the manufacture 
 of window-glass of superior quality. Employment 
 is given to fifty men, who were working in 1886 
 under the management of W. M. Flood. 
 
 The Atco railway station had, as its first agent, 
 Wellington Baker ; the present agent is F. F. L. 
 Hintz. The principal shipment is fruit, and 
 among the chief shippers are Henry Treat, Salmon 
 Giddings, W. S. Walker, George Reeves, Monroe 
 Githens, W. O. Talcott, Sarah Varnum, Albert 
 Hall, E. E. Fry, Jacob Gehring, Joseph ^'arnum 
 and James Grieb. 
 
 The Atco Natural Science Society. — On 
 the 21st of January, 1868, a number of gentlemen 
 at Atco founded the "Atco Library and Museum 
 Association," selecting as their officers George W. 
 Hancock, president ; Nelson Varnum, vice-presi- 
 dent ; Wellington Baker, secretary ; E. C. Scott, 
 treasurer; George H. Perkins, L. W. Plant, A. B. 
 Thatcher, A. Wakely, B. F. Marshall and H. G. 
 Tyrrell, directors. One of the principal objects 
 of the association was to awaken an interest in 
 
666 
 
 HISTOKY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 horticulture and kindred matters. After working 
 under the above name about ten years the present 
 title was adopted January 13, 1879, which became 
 fixed by articles of incorporation April 5, 1879. 
 The scope of the new society "was to foster the 
 study, and diffuse a knowledge of natural science, to 
 make and preserve collections, illustrations of 
 its various branches, and to form a library." To 
 secure funds .in promotion of these purposes, the 
 society held a fair at Atco, September 6-9, 1879, 
 which, under the management of M. J. Skinner, 
 was very successful, netting a sum which became 
 the nucleus of a fund for the building of a " Science 
 Hall." The society had received a lot in fee- 
 simple, and in October, 1879, took action looking 
 towards the erection of such a building on it at an 
 early day. The hall was built the following year 
 by a committee composed of Thomas Richards, 
 H. A. Green and W. P. F. Murray. It is a very 
 substantial stone building, valued at eight hundred 
 dollars, and afforded excellent accommodations for 
 the society, which was at this time at the zenith 
 of its existence. In 1880 its directors of sections 
 were as follows : Library, W. D. Siegfried ; Miner- 
 alogy, Geology, Conchology and Kalonology, H. 
 A. Green ; Zoology, N. Varnum : Botany, M. J. 
 Skinner. Eare and valuable cabinets in the differ- 
 ent departments of study were gathered, and under 
 the general direction of Professor Green, Science 
 Hall became one of the most attractive places in 
 the village. The death of some of the members 
 and the removal of others, who were most active 
 in the work of promoting the interests of the so- 
 ciety, so seriously affected its welfare that its meet- 
 ings have been discontinued, and many of the 
 cabinets have been removed. The organization of 
 the society is nominally preserved and "Science 
 Hall " is still owned by it. In 1886 the officers 
 wereA. J. Day, president; M. J. Skinner, vice- 
 president ; Adam R. Sloan, secretary ; and W. F. P. 
 Murray , treasurer. 
 
 On the 1st of January, 1880, the society began the 
 publication of the Science Advocate, a small quar- 
 terly, edited by Henry A. Green. The paper was 
 well received, but declined with the other interests 
 of the society and was discontinued at the end of 
 the second year. 
 
 Comanche Tribe of Red Men, No. 75, was 
 instituted at Atco September 28, 1884, with thirty 
 members. The order has been very successful at 
 this place, reporting seventy-eight members in May, 
 188(3, and the following principal oflScers : Monroe 
 Githens, Morris Robinson, George W. Young, 
 Charles McHard, James Hand and J. W. Varnum. 
 Its meetings are held in Comanche Hall, which 
 
 was completed in September, 1885, by the Coman- 
 che Hall Association, incorporated March 3, 1885) 
 composed of a number of stockholders at this 
 place, who organized by electing A. J. Day, presi- 
 dent; Monroe Githens, treasurer ; 0. B. Tiffany, 
 secretary ; Joseph Varnum, Monroe Githens and 
 George Bates, trustees. 
 
 The hall is located on the principal street of the 
 village, and is a two-story frame building, thii'ty 
 by seventy feet. The upper story is fitted up for 
 lodge purposes, and the lower forms a spacious 
 public hall. It was erected at a cost of thirty-five 
 hundred dollars. 
 
 In the same building the Associated Glass 
 Blowers hold their meetings, as well as the As- 
 sembly of Knights of Labor, which was organized 
 June 5, 1886, with thirty-five members. 
 
 Golden Eagle Council, No. 22, Jr. O. U. A. 
 M., was instituted February 28, 1885, and had, in 
 1886, forty-five members. It is a growing organ- 
 ization. 
 
 Reliance Lodge, No. 20, A. O. U. W., insti- 
 tuted June 6, 1882, reports thirty-eight members, 
 and is in a prosperous condition. Its meetings 
 are held in the hall of the public-school building. 
 The First Presbyterian Church of Atco. 
 — The meetings which resulted in the organization 
 of this congregation were held November 17 and 
 24, 1867, by the Rev. Samuel Loomis, of the Vine- 
 land Church. At the date last named fourteen 
 persons subscribed to the articles of membership, 
 as follows: Henry A. Green, C. De Witt Carpenter, 
 J. E. Alton, Mrs. M. R. Loomis, Mrs. A. Carpen- 
 ter, Mrs. L. Alton, Mrs. F. Childs, Mrs. Thankful 
 Gould, Mrs. P. L. Wakeley, Mrs. L. M. Green, 
 Mrs. A. McHary, Miss Margaret McHary, Miss 
 Clara E. Gould and Miss Mary E. Gould. 
 
 C. De Witt Carpenter and J. E. Alton were 
 elected the first ruling elders and the Rev. Samuel 
 Loomis became the first pastor. The church be- 
 ing properly organized, was received into the Fourth 
 Presbytery of Philadelphia. Soon after the society 
 became a body corporate, with the following trus- 
 tees : Thomas Richards, Peter McHary, A. Wake- 
 ley, W. O. Talcott and H. A. Green. 
 
 In order to promote the building of a church, 
 the Richards estate donated an acre of ground, 
 where the foundation of an edifice was laid early 
 in 1868. The building was to be thirty-two by 
 fifty feet, and it was designed to complete it that 
 season, but owing to the inability of the pastor to 
 continue serving the congregation, work was sus- 
 pended. September 21, 1868, the Rev. E. B. New- 
 berry took chai-ge of the congregation, and under his 
 direction the church was completed for dedication 
 
THE TOWNSHIP OF WATERFORD. 
 
 667 
 
 the first Sunday in March, 1869. For a period the 
 congregation flourished, but, not having a regular 
 pastor, soon experienced a decline of interest. In 
 1872 the Rev. George Warrington supplied the 
 pulpit, and from 1873 to 1876 the Bev. James G. 
 Shinn was the acting pastor. Since that time 
 there have been numerous supplies, among them 
 being the Revs. Frank E. Kavanaugh, R. A. Bry- 
 ant, H. W. Brown, J. R. Gibson, E. Bant and 
 Alexander Hill. 
 
 In the summer of 1883, during the ministry of 
 the Rev. J. R. Gibson, the church was repaired 
 and now has a more inviting appearance. But 
 the congregation is small, there being but fifteen 
 members, and there are no ruling elders. A large 
 and prosperous Sabbath-school is maintained in 
 the church. 
 
 The Atco Methodist Episcopal Church. — 
 The present society was organized in December, 
 1885, with fifteen members, the following being 
 trustees: Caleb Githens, George Brown, James 
 Pa*ks, John Ash and A. J. Day. The first meet- 
 ings were held in Comanche Hall, but, in the 
 course of a few weeks, the Universalist Chapel 
 was purchased and converted into a church home. 
 The membership has been increased to twenty-five 
 and the future prospects of the church appear en- 
 couraging. A flourishing Sunday-school has James 
 Parks as its superintendent. 
 
 Soon after the establishment of the glass-works 
 at Jackson, Methodist preaching was established 
 at that place, and the meetings were continued 
 until after the workmen, who comprised the prin- 
 cipal membership, removed. For a time no ser- 
 vices were held by the Methodists in this locality, 
 when preaching was again commenced at Atco, 
 which resulted in the formation of the present so- 
 ciety. The old Jackson society was connected 
 usually with Tansboro' and Waterford in forming 
 a charge. 
 
 The Universalist Society was formed a few years 
 after the founding of the village by the Rev. 
 Moses Ballou, who was the first and only pastor. 
 He was a man of marked ability,whose failing health 
 obliged him to leave his home in Massachusetts 
 to settle in this locality for the benefit of a milder 
 climate. He died at Atco May 19, 1S79, and 
 thereafter Universalist meetings were so seldom 
 held that they were altogether discontinued a few 
 years ago, and in 1885 the chapel, which the so- 
 ciety had erected, was sold to the Methodists. 
 The membership of the society was never large, 
 but during the lifetime of Dr. Ballou large con- 
 gregations assembled to listen to his ministra- 
 tions. 
 
 Late in the fall of 1885 St. John's Protestant 
 Episcopal Mission was established at Atco, which 
 has since been under the care of the Rev. De Witt 
 C. Loop, of Hammonton. Semi-monthly services 
 are held in the Presbyterian Church. 
 
 The Richards estate set aside a lot of ground 
 at Atco in 1868 for cemetery purposes, where some 
 interments have been made, but the general place 
 of burial is in the cemetery at Berlip, which is old 
 and well kept. 
 
 CHESILHUEST. 
 
 This village was plotted in 1884, but the work 
 of improving it was not begun until the summer 
 of 1885. It is located on the high lands between 
 Atco and Waterford, and the site embraces one 
 thousand two hundred and seventy acres of laud, 
 extending along the Camden and Atlantic Rail- 
 road about a mile. A railway station has been 
 provided and unusual inducements offered to make 
 this a populous place of suburban homes. Many 
 of the avenues have been cleared up, and four- 
 fifths of the five thousand lots have been sold. 
 There are a store, hotel and several dozen dwell- 
 ings, some belonging to the proprietors of the 
 town — Simpson & Wade, of Philadelphia. The 
 first house was the dwelling of N. R. Gatohell, 
 built in the fall of 1885. Near the same time the 
 house of Charles Heacock was completed, and a 
 little later the store building of J. H. Richter, 
 where William Nifer was in trade in 1886. In 
 the spring of the latter year J. K. Cope opened the 
 first hotel, and brick dwellings were erected by 
 ilre. Blake and Thomas Harrold. Clay for brick- 
 making was discovered on the village site, and 
 several yards were opened in the summer of 18S(i. 
 The village has a healthy location, about two hun- 
 dred feet above tide-water, on high, dry land, and 
 gives promise of rapid and permanent growth. 
 
 The Chesilhukst Building and Loan Asso- 
 ciation was incorporated in November, 1884, to 
 have places of business at Waterford and Chesil- 
 hnrst. Its object is to provide loans and to en- 
 courage building. The incorporators were W. (). 
 Bisbee, Joseph E. Thompson, N. R. Gatchell, 
 Charles Sappmire and ^Villiam H. Wade. 
 
 wateefoed. 
 
 The village of Waterford is located in both 
 Waterford and Winslow townships. It is a station 
 on the Camden and Atlantic Railroad, a little 
 more than twenty-two miles from Philadelphia, 
 and is on high and dry ground. In the surround- 
 ing forests many native pines are still growing, 
 whose odors contribute to the salubrity of the vil- 
 lage. Its healthfulness is one of the mai'ked 
 
668 
 
 HISTOEY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 features of the place. The village has Methodist, 
 Presbyterian, Episcopal and Catholic Churches, 
 two stores, a post-office (called Waterford Works) 
 and the usual interests of a country trading point. 
 The village had its origin in the establishment of 
 the Waterford Glass- Works at this point, in 1824, 
 by Jonathan Haines. At that time the country 
 was an unbroken forest, and the works were begun 
 on a small scale, being enlarged from time to time 
 as business expanded. In 1828 Jonathan Haines 
 died, and the works were sold to Thomas Evans, 
 Samuel Shreve and Jacob Roberta, the latter 
 dying and Joseph Porter securing an interest in 
 the business, the firm becoming Porter, Shreve & 
 Co., John Evans having at this time also secured 
 a sixth interest. Joseph Porter resided at this 
 place, and devoted all his energies to make the 
 business a success. He was an active, energetic 
 manager, and, under his direction, the works 
 prospered. Samuel Shreve sold out his interest to 
 Joseph Porter in the course of years, who then 
 associated his sons with him, the firm becoming 
 Joseph Porter & Sons. Joseph Porter having 
 died, and the firm being dissolved, about 1863 
 William C. Porter took charge of the vforks and 
 carried them on several years, when the property 
 was sold to Maurice Raleigh, who connected it 
 with his vast Atsion estate. At the time the 
 transfer was made there were three glass-factories, 
 two fitted up for the manufacture of window 
 panes and the third for hollow-ware. For a short 
 time Raleigh carried on the former, and subse- 
 quently John Gayner used the latter in making 
 window-glass and lamp-chimneys, when each was 
 allowed to remain out of blast, and the buildings 
 went to decay. 
 
 After the discontinuance of the glass-works, 
 Raleigh busied himself to provide new employ- 
 ment for the workmen residing in the village, and 
 established industries which seemed to cause a new 
 era to dawn upon the place. He converted one of 
 the glass-factories into a hosiery-mill, where a 
 large number of young people found occupation 
 for several years. He also united with James 
 Colter in erecting a three-story frame shoe-factory, 
 where a hundred operatives were at work for about 
 a year, when it was closed up as an unprofitable 
 enterprise and the machinery removed. A part of 
 this building was now used as a shop for the repair 
 of textile machinery, and as such was carried on a 
 short time. In May, 1882, a conflagration, result- 
 ing from a fire in this building, destroyed all the 
 works, which ended manufacturing operations in 
 the village. The destruction of the buildings and 
 the death of Maurice Raleigh had a very depress- 
 
 ing effect upon Waterford, which caused the re- 
 moval of more than half the inhabitants and the 
 suspension of several business interests. After 
 several years of inactivity the prospects of the vil- 
 lage were again brightened by the policy of the 
 Raleigh Land and Improvement Company (which 
 had become the owner of the immense Raleigh es- 
 tate, consisting of thirty thousand acres of land in 
 this and the adjoining counties), whose efforts 
 brought it before the public as a desirable place 
 for suburban residence, and the adjoining country 
 as being specially adapted for fruit-growing. A 
 number of locations have been made, and, in the 
 course of a few years, Waterford will regain some 
 of its former prominence. As a point for the ship- 
 ment of fruit, it has become widely known. With- 
 in a radius of a few miles the following are the 
 principal fruit-growers : John W. Hoag, Alexan- 
 der Heggan, William 0. Bisbee, Edward Battelle, 
 James McDougall, Josiah Albertson, Godfrey 
 Walker, Edward Reed, John Nichols, E. Z. Col- 
 lings, Christopher Crowley, Pitman Bates and 
 William S. Braddock. Several of these are exten- 
 sive cranberry-growers, the annual product of 
 Collings' bog being as high as twenty thousand 
 bushels, necessitating the use of a large storage- 
 house at Waterford. 
 
 The first store in the village, not kept by the 
 owners of the glass-works, was on the site of the 
 Stewart mansion, and was carried on by .Josiah S. 
 Rice. He sold out to Lewis W. Nepling, who 
 built the store on the opposite side of the railroad, 
 where he is still in trade. John Fornham opened 
 another store in the present Joseph Thompson 
 stand, and a third place was occupied by Abner 
 Gurney, which is no longer continued. The only 
 hotel of note was kept in the Porter mansion, near 
 the Episcopal Church, soon after its erection, in 
 1858, by a man named Pickett. Here is now kept 
 the Waterford post-office, of which William 
 G. Wilson is the postmaster. The first postmaster 
 was Joseph C. Porter. Four mails per day are 
 supplied. Dr. Joseph A. Stout was one of the first 
 practicing physicians, living near Tansboro', and 
 was followed by Dr. Risley, of the same place. 
 Dr. John W. Suowden lived in the neighborhood 
 of the Spring Garden tavern (which was the pub- 
 lic-house of this section and was kept many years 
 by the Albertson family) and had a good practice. 
 He removed to Hammonton, and Dr. Joseph 
 North was his successor, living for a time in the 
 village. 
 
 The population of Waterford the past few years 
 has not been permanent, many of the Raleigh build- 
 ings being occupied for a few months only, but 
 
THE TOWNSHIP OF WATERFOED. 
 
 669 
 
 approximates two hundred and fifty inhabitants. 
 There are about one hundred buildings, seventy- 
 five belonging to the Land and Improvement Com- 
 pany, whose interests here are in charge of George 
 W. Wurts. 
 
 Waterford Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 — Soon after the establishment of the glass-works 
 at Waterford the Methodists began holding meet- 
 ings in the school-house, and were encouraged to 
 form a society by Joseph Porter and others, on 
 account of the influence the meetings had over the 
 workmen. A cordial welcome was extended the 
 itinerant preachers by the Porters, and in due sea- 
 son the nucleus of a congregation was gathered. 
 A division of the Sons of Temperance was also organ- 
 ized, and to accommodate both bodies, it was pro- 
 posed to erect a two-story building in which their 
 meetings could be held, each in a separate room. 
 Accordingly, Samuel Shreve, Joseph Porter, Joseph 
 C. Porter and Thomas Porter set aside a lot of 
 ground for the purpose of erecting thereon such a 
 building, conveying the same, in trust, to John 
 McCann, Richard A. Winner, Daniel W. Westcott, 
 Micajah Cline, Brazier Wescoat, Arthur Wescoat 
 and Jacob Read, in May, 1848. 
 
 Soon after, a two-story frame building was put 
 up, the upper story being fitted up for the use of 
 the temperance society, the lower being the church 
 proper. Both bodies had a flourishing member- 
 ship as long as the glass-works were carried on, 
 but after they were discontinued most of those be- 
 longing removed, leaving so few interested in their 
 future existence that the division suspended its 
 meetings, and in the church occasional services 
 only were held. On 23d of March, 1864, Brazier 
 Wescoat and Arthur Wescoat, the two remaining 
 trustees, conveyed the property to the Methodist 
 Episcopal Church and Division No. 49, Sons of 
 Temperance, where the title still rests. Lewis W. 
 Neipling is one of the few surviving members, and 
 now has the property in charge. Owing to disuse, 
 the house is not in good condition, but the grave- 
 yard connected bears evidence of recent attention. 
 Though showing signs of decay, and being no 
 longer the useful factor it was in by-gone days, the 
 old church should not be abandoned, but should 
 be reconsecrated to an era of new usefulness 
 in connection with the rapid development of 
 this part of the township. 
 
 The Waterford Presbyterian Church. — 
 The congregation occupying this church was or- 
 ganized April 25, 1866, with the following mem- 
 bers: William Robinson, Calcina C. Robinson, 
 Caroline R. Barnard, James McDougal, Eliza Mc- 
 Dougal, Alexander Heggan, Mary H. Porter and 
 81 
 
 Edward Battelle. Preparations were at once made 
 to build a house of worship, and, on the 14th of 
 June, 1866, the corner-stone was laid. The edifice 
 is a frame, thirty-two by fifty feet, and has a spire 
 ninety feet high. Its cost, entire, was more than 
 three thousand dollars, and was dedicated Janu- 
 ary 8, 1867. William Robinson was chosen the 
 first ruling elder, and upon his resignation, James 
 McDougal and Edward Battelle were elected to 
 the same oflice, serving to the present time. 
 
 The Rev John W. Edmundson became the first 
 pastor in 1867, but continued that relation only 
 one year. In 1868 the Rev. S. C. McElroy be- 
 came the stated supply and ministered to the con- 
 gregation more than a year. In 1871 the Rev. E. 
 D. Newberry was the supply, and in 1873 the Rev. 
 James G. Shinn began to serve in the same rela- 
 tion, being the last to preach statedly. Since 
 his connection the pulpit has been filled by num- 
 erous ministers, for short periods, but as there 
 are only twenty-four members, it has been imprac- 
 ticable to have a regular pastor. The Sabbath- 
 school, organized about the same time as the con- 
 gregation, is maintained with unabated interest. 
 It numbers forty-five members. 
 
 Christ Protestant Episcopal Church. — In 
 1868 a congregation of this faith was organized 
 at Waterford, George Moody becoming senior war- 
 den, and Dr. John W. Snowden, Major R. G. 
 Porter and Jabez Fisher, vestrymen. A lot of 
 land for a church building was donated by Wil- 
 liam 0. Porter about the same time, and with the 
 means secured by Mrs. Elizabeth D., the wife of 
 Major R. G. Porter, the erection of a house of 
 worship was made possible the same year. The 
 services of the church were conducted about a 
 year by a lay reader, but in March, 1870, the Rev. 
 William Stewart removed to this place and became 
 the first rector, the Waterford Church and the 
 church at Hammonton forming a parish. His 
 zealous labors were beginning to be apparent, when 
 he was stricken down by death, in April, 1871, and 
 now lies interred in the cemetery of the church. The 
 devoted Mrs. Porter had preceded him to the spirit 
 world, departing this life February 9, 1871. Two 
 of the most active members being thus taken away 
 and other patrons removing, in consequence of the 
 suspension of business at this place, the church 
 was weakened to such an extent that it has never 
 recovered its former vitality. Having no rector 
 or active organization, it has for some years had 
 a merely nominal existence. In 1886 it was with- 
 out a vestry and the twelve communicant members 
 remaining had an occasional service by the Rev. 
 William C. Starr. Since 1871, Mrs. C. S. Stewart 
 
670 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 has faithfully superintended a Sunday-school, 
 which had forty members in 1886. The church 
 building, a fair-sized frame, is kept in good repair, 
 and has a well-kept burial-ground connected. 
 
 The Wateefokd Eoman Catholic Chuech 
 was built, in 1880, by Maurice Raleigh, for the 
 accommodation of his workmen professing the 
 Catholic faith. It is a large frame building, but 
 plain in every respect. The church never had a 
 resident priest, and since the removal of many of 
 the members, services are held at long intervals 
 only, by priests coming from Egg Harbor. The 
 communicants are few in number. 
 
 Shane's Castle, the First Catholic Chuech. 
 — About a hundred years ago there stood on the 
 north side of Clark's Branch of the Egg Harbor 
 River a cabin of cedar logs, squared and framed 
 together so as to make a substantial dwelling. It 
 was covered with cedar bark, so laid as to ex- 
 clude snow and rain, and the spaces between the 
 logs were so carefully filled with moss and clay 
 that the storms were effectually kept out. It was 
 large enough to form living and sleeping apart- 
 ments, besides having an attic. The floor was of 
 clay only, and for windows there were mere open- 
 ings in the logs without glass ; but it was made 
 comfortable by huge fire-places in each room, the 
 chimneys being built of sticks on the outside of 
 the cabin. Its site Avas one mile south of the vil- 
 lage of Waterford, and for many years it stood sol- 
 itary and alone in the grand old forests. No other 
 habitation was within many miles of it. This house, 
 unpretentious as it was, the builders called "Shane's 
 Castle," a name which it bore as long as one log 
 rested upon another. It was erected by three 
 German brothers, — Sebastian, Ignatius and Xaver- 
 ius Woos, who had fled from their native country 
 to avoid military conscription, and who thus im- 
 mured themselves in the wilds to make a home 
 where they might enjoy their freedom unhindered. 
 When they came is not known, but in 1760 they 
 applied to the Council of Proprietors to grant them 
 title to the land upon which their house stood. 
 
 After being in this country some years the 
 afRanced of Sebastian followed him, having eluded 
 the vigilance of her parents, who had opposed 
 the suit, by taking passage on a ship. She was 
 met at Philadelphia by her lover, who had managed 
 to maintain correspondence with her. After weeks 
 of patient waiting, on account of the uncertain ar- 
 rival of the vessel, he was made happy by the sight 
 of his loved one, and after paying her passage to 
 prevent her from being sold, as was the custom at 
 that time, they were married by a Catholic priest 
 and began their journey to their new home. What 
 
 an impression the strange sights through the for- 
 ests they traveled must have made on the mind of 
 the young wife ! Their journey was long and toil- 
 some, the streams being unbridged and the roads 
 tortuous. But, happy in her marriage, the sur- 
 roundings soon became familiar, and even attract- 
 ive. She was content with her lot, as oast in the 
 wilds of America, though far from the friends of 
 her old home and isolated from all society except 
 that furnished by her husband and his brothers, 
 and an occasional caller at the cabin. They cleared 
 up a few acres around their home, where they 
 planted vegetables, and worked in the cedar 
 swamps preparing staves for the West India mar- 
 kets. Fish and game were abundant and they did 
 not lack the necessaries of life, though entirely 
 unacquainted with its luxuries. 
 
 Ignatius and Xaverius never married, but Sebas- 
 tian had two daughters, who became young women 
 and married Herman Myrose and Eli Neild. The 
 latter occupied the old castle as long as it was hab- 
 itable, while the former lived on another part of 
 the property. The older members of these families 
 died in the township, and were buried in a small 
 graveyard on the opposite side of the stream from 
 the castle. This contained some rude stones, 
 which have fallen into decay, and there is but 
 little left to mark the places where these pioneers 
 are buried, and, like the castle itself, they will soon 
 pass into oblivion. 
 
 But it is in connection with the holding of 
 Catholic services at Shane's Castle that the great- 
 est historic interest attaches. About the middle of 
 the last century efforts were made to utilize the 
 bog iron-ore so abundant on the eastern slope of 
 New Jersey, and furnaces were erected at various 
 points. The operatives at these iron-works were 
 generally foreigners, and adherents of the Catholic 
 Church. In visiting them, the priests would pass 
 Shane's Castle, whose inmates were Catholics, 
 and who extended a hearty welcome to the min- 
 isters, urging them to hold services in their house. 
 In this way worship was held many years in 
 Shane's Castle according to the forms of the Cath- 
 olic Church, and these meetings were probably 
 the first of that denomination in West Jersey. On 
 such occasions the few people residing in that re- 
 gion were invited to attend the services and hear 
 the gospel preached. 
 
 Sparse as were these, their number was occa- 
 sionally increased by a few natives, who, without 
 understanding a word that was uttered, could see 
 in the deportment of the worshippers the sincerity 
 and reverence that moved them. They only knew 
 that the worship of the " white man's God " was 
 
THE TOWNSHIP OF WATEEFOED. 
 
 671 
 
 unlike the silent awe with which they regarded 
 the Great Spirit, which was always ahout them 
 in the mystery and grandeur of an unknown ex- 
 istence. 
 
 " Being above all beings ! mighty one ! 
 
 Whom none can comprehend and none explore ; 
 Who flll'Bt existence with Thyself alone. 
 Embracing all — supporting — ruling o'er — 
 Being whom we call God — and know no more?'* 
 
 BIOGEAPHICAL. 
 
 JOEli P. KiRKBRlDE. — Joseph Kirkbride came 
 to Pennsylvania from England in 1681. He was in 
 his minority when he arrived, but soon grew to 
 man's estate and became a useful citizen. He set- 
 tled in Bucks County, was a member of the Legis- 
 lature for several years, and discharged the import- 
 ant duties of magistrate as well. He was a preacher 
 among Friends, and returned to England in 1699 
 on a religious visit. 
 
 He married Sarah, a daughter of Mahlon Stacy, 
 who came to America in the ship " Shield " in 
 1678. Mahlon settled in Nottingham township, 
 Burlington County, N. J., now part of the county 
 of Mercer. Joseph Kirkbride died in 1737 and 
 left five children — Mahlon, John, Sarah (who mar- 
 ried Israel Pemberton), Mary and Jane (who mar- 
 ried Samuel Smith, author of the " History of New 
 Jersey "). 
 
 Israel Pemberton, who married Sarah, was 
 a son of Phineas, who came to Pennsylvania 
 from England in 1682, and became largely inter- 
 ested in the real estate of West New Jersey, and 
 located several surveys in Atlantic County. Mary 
 Kirkbride, whose grandfather and father were also 
 owners of proprietary rights, located a survey of 
 about twelve hundred acres in 1745, and upon 
 which the larger part of the town of Hammonton 
 now stands. 
 
 These were of the most influential families in 
 Pennsylvania and New Jersey, and in private and 
 public life were so recognized, and from this line 
 came the subject of this sketch. He was born 
 December 24, 1824, and is the son of John and 
 Elizabeth Kirkbride, of Burlington County, N. J. 
 He has combined the avocation of farmer and 
 miller, and, by strict attention to business and 
 fair dealing, has made both successful. In public 
 life he has represented the people of his district in 
 the Legislature, and held the ofiice of revenue 
 assessor for the United States government for sev- 
 eral years, and clerk of Camden.County for one term. 
 
 The ages of Joseph Kirkbride and Sarah, his 
 wife, and their children are Joseph, born 1691; 
 Sarah, born 1702 (daughter of Mahlon Stacy 
 and Mary Rogers); Phebe, born 1724, married 
 Joseph Milnor; Hannah, born 1726, married 
 Langhorne Biles; Mary, born 1728, married Sam- 
 uel Rogers ; Joseph, born 1731 (colonel in Revolu- 
 tion), married Mary Rogers; Elizabeth, born 
 1734, married Daniel Bunting ; Sarah, born 1736 
 (single). 
 
 M-om the Borden-Hbpkinson family grave-i/ard, 
 Bordentown, JV. J. : 
 
 " This stone, inscribed by the hand of friend- 
 ship, shall commemorate the virtues of Joseph 
 Kirkbride, a native of Pennsylvania, for he was a 
 patriot who zealously served his country in her 
 armies and councils during the Revolution of 1776. 
 He was a citizen who faithfully performed the 
 duties of social life, and he was an honest man, 
 who, in his thoughts, words and actions, illustrated 
 the noblest work of God. He died October 26, 
 1803, aged seventy-two years." 
 
 Phineas Kirkbride came to New Jersey a young 
 man, and was married to a Rogers, and his chil- 
 dren were Samuel (who died young), William, 
 Mary, Phineas, John, Margery, Mahlon and Stacy 
 (who were twins), Joseph, Jonathan, Job and 
 Martha. John was married to Elizabeth, daughter 
 of Jacob and Mary Prickett, who was of the Sharp 
 family. Their children were Stacy P., Jacob P., 
 John R., Mary S., Elizabeth P., Joel P., Martha 
 R. and Charles. 
 
 Joel P. Kirkbride was married to Abagail W. 
 Strieker, daughter of Philip and Sarah Strieker, 
 who was the daughter of Amos and Lydia Wilkins, 
 January 31, 1849. Their family are Annie B., 
 married to Jacob C, son of Freedom and Letitia 
 Lippincott; Joel S., married to Emma, daughter 
 of George M. and Sarah Rogers; Lidie J., who is 
 single; Joel S., deceased January, 1885. Joel P. 
 Kirkbride is a J^riend, as were his ancestors on 
 both sides. In politics he was a Whig and after- 
 ward a Republican. He has been a director in the 
 National State Bank of Camden for nearly twenty 
 years, and closely identified with the Marl and 
 Turnpike Companies. He has always been active 
 in all the industrial enterprises of the county. He 
 gave the land for the station at the railroad, and is 
 to-day one of the most influential and useful citi- 
 zens of the county. 
 
THE TOA^^NSHIP OF aLOUOESTER. 
 
 CHAPTER XIV. 
 
 DescrlptioD — Early Settlers — TUe Tomlinsons, AUiertsouB, Bates, 
 Cathcarts, Heilmaus, Howells, Thorues auii otbers — Civil Orgau- 
 izatious — Villages of Kirkwood, Linilenwold, Clementon, Wat- 
 soutoWD, BrowDStowu, Davistowu, Spring Milts, " the lost town 
 of I'pton" aud Chews Lu ml ing — The Chew Family — Blackwood — 
 The Wards and Blackwoods — Old Hotels — Stage Lines — Chuivhes 
 — Societies —Education. 
 
 Topography. — Gloucester is in tlie southern 
 tier of townships of Camden County, and is bound- 
 ed on the north by Waterford, from which it is 
 separated, in part, by the south branch of Coopers 
 Creek, on the southeast by \Vinslow, on the south 
 and west by Gloucester County, the Great Timber 
 Creek forming the boundary line, and on the 
 northwest by Centre township. Nearly all its ter- 
 ritory lies in tlie valley of the Delaware and par- 
 takes of the characteristics of that belt of land. 
 Along the division line the soil is sandy and less 
 fertile than in the central and northern parts, 
 where it partakes more of the nature of a friable 
 loam. Its natural richness lias been greatly in- 
 creased by the use of green sand-marl which un- 
 derlies it in most localities, and which appears at 
 the surface along the water-courees. The princi- 
 pal streams which furnish a plentiful irrigation 
 are the north branch of Timber Creek and its af- 
 fluents, the largest one being Otter Branch. The 
 main stream is subject to tidal influences, the head 
 of the flow being above Chews Landing. The 
 limit was marked in the early history of the town- 
 ship by tide-water gates, erected at that point. 
 On this stream, consequently, the mill-sites are 
 found on the head-waters only. Here the country 
 presents a broken surface, several hills of striking 
 attitude appearing. The highest of these is Sig- 
 nal Hill, near Clementon, which was used by the 
 United States government authorities in making 
 a coast survey of New Jersey. It is covered with 
 672 
 
 a pine forest and the soil is not adapted to farm- 
 ing. Hickoiy Hill, in the northwestern part, has 
 a lower altitude' and its surface is susceptible of 
 cultivation. Along the streams were large forest- 
 trees, from which circumstance the cieeks took 
 their names. The removal of this timber was a 
 laborious process and an impediment to the rapid 
 settlement of the country, but to those living 
 near the streams it was a source of income, when 
 other products were not in demand. 
 
 Owing to the distance from market, the upper 
 part of the township was not developed until 
 within the past fifty years, and much of the coun- 
 try is still in a primeval condition. Its soil is 
 adapted to fruit-culture and a number of small 
 farms have recently been there opened, which are 
 devoted to that industry. The township was early 
 traversed by roads from the Delaware River to the 
 sea-coast, which have been improved as turnpikes, 
 their courses being modified for this purpose. 
 The turnpikes are the Camden and White Horse, 
 in the northwestern part ; Camden and Black- 
 wood, in the southwestern part, the latter connect- 
 ing at Blackwood with the Williamstown turnpike, 
 to extend this roadway up the creek, leading out 
 of the township at Turnersville. 
 
 Early Settlers and their Descendakts. — 
 The earliest prominent settler in the middle part 
 of the township was Joseph Tomlinsoii, sherifl of 
 Gloucester County, in lli95, and King's attorney 
 the following year. He arrived in America prior to 
 1686, and became an apprentice to Thomas Sharp, 
 of Newton, to learn the business of wool comber 
 and dyer. He was also something of a car- 
 penter, as, in the year last named, he made an 
 agreement with his master to build him a house 
 for a specified sum, and to fui-nish all the material 
 for the same, except the nails. His relations with 
 his master do not appear to have been of the most 
 
9. 
 
 / 
 
THE TOWNSHIP OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 673 
 
 pleiisaut nature; nevertheless, his associations with 
 him contributed to his education and, no doubt, 
 aided him to secure the public positions which he 
 afterwards filled, as Thomas Sharp was unques- 
 tionably an able preceptor. 
 
 In 1690, Joseph Tomlinsou located one hundred 
 and seventeen acres of land ou the east side of 
 Gravelly Run, in Gloucester, adjoining a tract 
 which he had previously purchased of Joseph 
 Wood, and on which he first lived, after leavius; 
 the employ of Thomas Sharp. His wife, Eliza- 
 beth, was a worthy consort, and nobly shared with 
 him the privations incident to a home so remote 
 from other settlers, as was theirs at that early 
 period. Thus isolated, he turned his attention to 
 reading and studyina- the laws of the community 
 of which he deemed himself a part, and in which 
 he was soon to fill conspicuous and responsible 
 positions. 
 
 He served as prosecutor of the ple.os, or attorney 
 for the Kina;, in Gloucester Oounty until ]710, 
 when he was appointed one of the judges of the 
 sever-al courts of Gloucester County, a position for 
 which he was well fitted by his previous experi- 
 ence. He died in 1719, leaving his wife and a 
 large family to survive him. 
 
 One of the daughters, Elizabeth, married Bar- 
 tholomew Wyatt, of Salem County, an active mem- 
 ber of the Society of Friends, and, in 17:V2, his 
 wife appeared as a Public Friend, whose preach- 
 ing was acceptable. Ephraim, tlie eldesl son of 
 Joseph Tomlinson, settled on a tract of land 
 which his father deeded him, adjoining the home- 
 stead on the east, suid extending towards the north 
 branch of Timber Greek. In 1782 he enlarged his 
 possessions by purchasing-, of the executors of 
 Abraham I'orter six hundred and nineteen aires 
 lying on both sides of the last-named stream, reach- 
 ing almost to the south branch of Coopei-s Creek. 
 He was also an esteemed preacher among the 
 Friends. He was born in Ui9r>, and died in 17S0, 
 leaving his second wife, Catharine Ridgway, a son, 
 Ephraim, and daughters,^ — Elizabeth, marrie<l to 
 Aai'on Lippincott, and Mary, who married James 
 Gardiner. 
 
 Joseph Tomlinson, a brother of Ephraim, first 
 had the homestead property devised to him, but 
 increased the original two hundred acres by pur- 
 chase, so that he owned considerable real estate. 
 He died in 17.)S, leaving two sons, named Joseph 
 and Samuel. He also had three daughtera. Higher 
 up Gravelly Run, .Tolin Tomlinson, another brother 
 of Epliraim, had three hundred acres of laud willed 
 to him by his father, upon which he settled and 
 continued to live until his death, in 17oo. His 
 
 son Isaac and daughters, Hannah and Eleanor, 
 survived him, the latter marrying Josiah Albert- 
 son. Of the other sons of Joseph Tomlinson, 
 William died in Waterford in 1737, and Othniel 
 in Chester County, Pennsylvania, in 17r)(). De- 
 scendants of the Tomliusous remain in the town- 
 ship, being now, as well as a hundred years ago, 
 among its leading citizens. 
 
 By the will of his father, dated December 17, 
 1709, recorded in Pennsylvania, Josiah Albertson 
 came in possession of a tract of land in 
 Gloucester township, bounded on the south side 
 by Otter Branch, and thereon he settled and cleared 
 a farm. In 1727 he married Ann, a daughter of 
 Francis Austin, of Evesham, Burlington County, 
 N. J., who was one of the first settlers at that 
 place. The firat habitation of Josiah and Ann 
 Albertson was built on the land given him by his 
 father, a short distance south of the old Salem 
 road, where he plied his calling as a shoemaker, 
 and at the same time removed the timber from the 
 soil. He increased his possessions until his farm 
 was double the number of acres left him by his 
 father. In 174S he built a large and substantial 
 brick house, part of which was occupied in 1876 
 by his lineal descendant, Chalkley Albertson, who 
 owned much of the original estate. 
 
 Of the nine children of Josiah and Ann Albert- 
 son, eight were daughters of atti-active appearance 
 and superior qualities. None of those that ai-rived 
 at suitiible age were left as " single sistei-s." They 
 were Hannah, miu-ried to Jacob Clement; Cassan- 
 dra, married to .lacob Ellis and Jacob Burrough ; 
 Patience, inai-ried to Isaac Ballinger; Sarah, mar- 
 ried to Siunuel Webster ; Keturah, married to 
 Isaac Townsend ; and Ann, who married Ebenezer 
 Hopkins and .lacob Jennings. Mary and Eliza- 
 beth died unmarried. Josiah, the sou, was mar- 
 ried to Eleanor Tomlinson, for his first wife, and 
 Judith Boggs, for his second. 
 
 Chalkley Albertson, son of John and Auu 
 Albertson, was born First Month 9, .\.D.181(!,on the 
 paternal estjxte, where his ancestora had lived for 
 more than a century. His father was iu direct 
 line of descent from the emigrant who came to 
 New Amsterdam with the Hollander and settled 
 thereabouts before the English visited New Jersey. 
 They adopted tlie religious views of George Fox 
 and were leading members of the Society of 
 Friends in Gloucester County. Chalkley Albert- 
 son's mother was a daughter of John and Rachel 
 Borrough Pine, of Gloucester County. The Al- 
 bertson homestead, where Chalkley Albertson lived, 
 was located by Wm. Albertson in 1698, and came 
 into possession of his son Josiah by will in 1709. 
 
674 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 In 1742 Joaiah built the house which representa- 
 tives of this branch of the Albertson family have 
 occupied to the present time. 
 
 After the death of his father Ohalkley Albert- 
 son, by purchase, became the owner of a large part 
 of his father's real estate, and soon showed him- 
 self to be a progressive and successful farmer. He 
 regarded the use of machinery as labor-saving and 
 beneficial and was never behind his neighbors in 
 its appliance. He thoroughly understood the ad- 
 vantage of fertilizers and was liberal in their use 
 upon his land. 
 
 He married Annie, daughter of Charles and 
 Tacy Jarrett Stokes, of Rancocas, Burlington 
 County, N. J., Twelfth Month 19, 18.50. 
 
 In early manhood he expressed his sympathy 
 with Democratic principles and allied himself with 
 that party. He took much interest in township 
 affairs and became conspicuous in the county in its 
 separation from Old Gloucester and the location 
 of the public buildings. In 1863, '64, '67 and '73 
 he was elected to the State Assembly when public 
 opinion was set against his party and with popular 
 candidates opposed to him. As a representative 
 he was always open to conviction, but was decided 
 in his opinions. The public good was his purpose 
 and he commanded the respect of his political op- 
 ponents for his sincerity, intelligence and integrity. 
 He was interested in public improvements and was 
 one of the incorporators of the White Horse Turn- 
 pike Company. He introduced in the State As- 
 sembly the bill, which became a law, incorporating 
 the Camden and Philadelphia Bridge Company. 
 
 While a member of the State Assembly he advo- 
 cated the cause of the glass-blowers and voted for 
 the law abolishing the money-order system. He 
 always favored the extension rif the railroad system 
 of the State, but opposed monopolies. He did 
 much to forward the construction of the Phila- 
 delphia and Atlantic City Railroad and saw the ad- 
 vantage a competing road would be to Atlantic 
 City and to the unimproved country between that 
 place and Philadelphia. He was one of the State 
 Commissioners to make arrangements for the Cen- 
 tennial Exhibition. In 1873 he was appointed 
 a member of the board of directors of the New 
 Jersey Agricultural College, which position he 
 held to the time of his death, and always took a 
 hearty interest in the Scientific School and its ob- 
 ject. He advocated the establishment of the Agri- 
 cultural Ex[)eriraental Station. As executor, trus- 
 tee or commissioner, he had the confidence of those 
 interested and discharged his duties acceptably. 
 
 He was a neighbor in the true meaning of the 
 word, and by his kind and genial manners won the 
 
 esteem of all who knew him. His devotion to his 
 fellow-men impelled him to take an active interest 
 in temperance reform ; when a young man he was 
 an energetic member of the Washington Total Ab- 
 stinence Society, which was among the first of such 
 organizations established, and throughout his life 
 he was true to his temperance convictions. 
 
 In his religious views he followed the footsteps 
 of his ancestors and was an active and useful mem- 
 ber of the Society of Friends. He died Fourth 
 Month 21, 1880. He left a widow and six children. 
 
 The Rulons. — Tradition asserts that during 
 the persecution of the Huguenots, one of that sect 
 by the name of Rulon emigrated to this country. 
 To further his escape, he was secretly inclosed in a 
 hogshead and put on a vessel bound for the United 
 States, and after getting well at sea was set at lib- 
 erty. It is not positively known at what place he 
 landed, but the name is found as early as 1704 in 
 Monmouth County, N. J., where the refugee evi- 
 dently settled and owned land and raised a family. 
 He had the reputation of being a firm and fearless 
 man, as well as energetic, and preferred exile to 
 the relinquishment of his faith. 
 
 The eldest son of the refugee was David, who 
 was born about 1704. He married Exercise Allen, 
 by whom he had thirteen children. He died the 
 15th of March, 1778, aged seventy-four years. 
 Henry Rulon, the oldest son and fourth child of 
 David, was born June 5, 1732, and married Theo- 
 dosia Robbins, by whom he had ten children, of 
 whom Moses was the fifth son, and was born Octo- 
 ber 14, 1767. He married Susan Hartley, and had 
 thirteen children, of whom Moses, the father of 
 Elwood Rulon, now of Gloucester township, was 
 the sixth child. He married Eleanor Albertson, 
 by whom he had ten children, of whom Elwood 
 was the seventh child. His mother is still living, 
 at the advanced age of eighty-four. She retains 
 all of her mental faculties, and is very active, and 
 possesses those Albertson traits for which the 
 women of that family were noted. The brothers 
 and sisters of Elwood were as follows : Hannah 
 Ann, Clayton, Keturah, Chalkley, John, Hartley, 
 Abel, Ellen and Eliza. Of this family, with El- 
 wood, but two survive, — Hannah Ann Haines, of 
 Haddonfield, and Chalkley Albertson Rulon, of 
 Swedesboro'. 
 
 Elwood lives upon the homestead, and on the 
 23d of February, 1865, married Mary R. Palmer, of 
 Cheater County, Pa. The Palmers are among the 
 oldest settlers of Pennsylvania, and are related to 
 the Sharplasses, Trimbles, Pennells and Gibbons. 
 The genealogy of Lewis and Mary Palmer, issued 
 in 1875, shows Mary R., daughter of Abraham M., 
 

 ~A 
 
THE TOWNSHIP OP GLOUCESTEK. 
 
 675 
 
 born 1808, son of Benjamin, born 1770, son of 
 John, born 1745, son of INIoses, born 1721, son of 
 John, born l(!!lO,son of John, who received a patent, 
 1688, in Concord, Cliester County, Pa. (now Dela- 
 ware County), where the family are numerous, and 
 some of whom still reside on the patent. On the 
 maternal side of Mary R., they were roteis, who 
 built the old mill and brick dwelling on Cium 
 Creek about lti90, the materials of which were 
 brought from England. Both families claim an 
 old ancestry aud were members of the Friends 
 Society. 
 
 The children of Elwood Rulon and wife were 
 the following: Norris Peters, William Jlerrihew, 
 Charles Jenks, Stephen Edwiu and Frank Albert- 
 son.- Norris Peters and Frank Albertson are de- 
 ceased. 
 
 Elwood Rulon has always resided on the home- 
 stead. He and his wife are members of the Soci- 
 ety of Friends. In politics he is a Republican ; 
 was once a member of the Board of Freeholders 
 of the county. He has been a practical and suc- 
 cessful farmer, and in integrity has shown the 
 sterling worth that always characterized his an- 
 cestors. 
 
 Neir the head-waters of the south branch of 
 Coopers Creek, and on the south side of that 
 stream, Mordecai Howell was the owner of a tract 
 of land, which he sold to Joseph Thorne in 1706. 
 The same year the latter sold to Joseph Bates, 
 who soon after settled upon the land. Being so 
 remote from other settlements, it is quite probable 
 that his tirst home was in a cave in the hillside 
 and that his children were born there. This rude 
 habitation was on the Indian trail leading to 
 Long-a-Coming, and the property adjoined that 
 of John Hillman, inchiding the lands where are 
 now the farms in the AVhite Horse Tavern 
 neighborhood. In 17S() Joseph Bates (2d) made 
 a resiirvey of tlie lands. A part of the property 
 in this locality passed to John Cathcart, in 1794, 
 who built a brick mansion thereon. 
 
 Joseph Bates was married to JIary, a daughter 
 of James and Jane Clement, natives of England, 
 who had tirst settled on Long Island. No direct 
 descendants of this branch of the Bates family 
 remain. 
 
 John Cathcart, above mentioned, was possessed 
 of a considerable fortune. He not only built the 
 fine mansion, but for a number of years maintained 
 a Deer Park. His home was frequently visited 
 by his friends, whom he entertained with unstinted 
 hospitality. The park was simply a largo tract of 
 native woods, inclosed with a high rail fence, so 
 firmly made, that the timid animal once within its 
 
 bounds was securely held. The property on which 
 was the brick house became known, in later years, 
 as the Warner place. 
 
 In the vicinity of Chews Landing Francis Col- 
 lins had a tract of four hundred acres of land, 
 which he conveyed to Thomas Briant, his son-in- 
 law, in 1704, but it does not appear that Briant 
 made any improvements at that period. 
 
 In the same locality John Eastlack had one 
 hundred and seventy-five acres of land, which he 
 transferred to Thomas Smallwood in 1719. De- 
 scendants of the latter family may yet be found in 
 the township. 
 
 Above tlhews Landing, on the Long-a-Coming 
 road, lived John Hider. He was an intimate 
 friend of .\aron Chew, and served in llie Revolu- 
 tion with him. The Hiders, of Gloucester, de- 
 scended from this family. Samuel Wetherell also 
 located a large tract of land, on which a part of 
 Chews Landing now stands. 
 
 hi 174."i John Hillman, son of John Hillman, of 
 Centre township, who was married to .Abigail 
 Bates, a daughter of Joseph Bates, of (xloucester, 
 purchased about five hundred aires of land from 
 Thomas Atkinson. This tract lay near the White 
 Horse Tavern ," a nd extended from the south branch 
 of Coopers Creek to the north branch of Timber 
 Creek. To this trad he removed and erected the 
 house which became known later as the Hinch- 
 man-Lippincott property. In 17.51 he bought at 
 sheritTs sale one hundred acres adjoining, known 
 as the Mien-Soul hwick property. On the original 
 purchase was a saw-mill, on Timber Creek, which 
 was operated as the property of Southwick liy 
 Thomas Webster and Thomas Atkinson. It is 
 supposed that it stood on the site of Ephraim 
 Tomlinson's grist-mill. 
 
 John Hillman lived on his tract of land many 
 years, converting the timber that stood thereon in- 
 to lumber and coiilwood, hauling the same to 
 Chews Ijanding, whence it was taken to Phila- 
 delphia. His sons likewise devoted themselves to 
 clearing up farms out of the primitive forest. 
 These were Joab, Josiah, Daniel, James and John. 
 He died in 17<;4, his wife surviving him. 
 
 The ,lohn Hillman lands were originally owned 
 by Abraham Porter from 1714 to 1716, who had 
 his house near the south side of (_\iopers Creek, 
 on Josiah Jenkins' farm. He appears to have been 
 an unmarried man, and most likely not a Friend, 
 as he served as a cajitain in the military depai-t- 
 ment of the province in 17:22. Afterwards he wa.s 
 promoted to the rank of major. It is quite proba- 
 ble that in this capacity he, and the company he 
 commanded, acted as the escort of the Governor 
 
676 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEESEY. 
 
 when he visited the county to hold the assizes of 
 the crown. These visits were eventful to those 
 holding their commissions by appointment from 
 the crown, and often occasions of considerable 
 display in the eyes of the plain people of that pe- 
 riod. From the fact that Captain Porter was pro- 
 moted it is evident that he discharged his duties 
 to the satisfaction of those in authority. He 
 owned large tracts of land, in all about twelve 
 hundred acres, and when he died, in 1729, his 
 benefactions were extended to all the neighboring 
 churches, showing that he had a proper regard for 
 the advancement of religion and morality in his 
 adopted country. Though long since dead, and 
 leaving no posterity to perpetuate his memory, he 
 should not be forgotten, and his generous traits 
 may well be imitated. 
 
 In 1706 William Thome, who had but lately 
 come from Long Island, purchased several tracts 
 of land from Mordecai Howell, on the head-waters 
 of the south branch of Coopers Creek and the 
 north branch of Timber Creek. On a tributary of 
 the latter stream he built a saw-mill, which has 
 been removed, but the site may still be seen. 
 From this circumstance the stream is called 
 Thome's Mill Branch. It is believed that Thorne 
 lived in this locality and reared his family here, 
 but since none of that name have been here for 
 many years, no authenticated statement to that 
 effect can be made. 
 
 Dr. John R. Stevenson, of Haddonfield, is of the 
 opinion that AVilliam was the father of Joseph 
 Thorne, who commanded a company in the Second 
 Battalion of Gloucester County Volunteers in the 
 army of the Revolution. The family Bible in the 
 doctor's possession shows that Captain Thorne 
 was born about 1733, and that he was married to 
 Isabella Cheeseman, whose family lived on a tract 
 of land adjacent to Thome's, on the north branch 
 of Timber Creek. In 1789, Richard Cheeseman 
 had a lauding at that place. After the Revolution, 
 and as recently as 1800, Captain Thorne lived at 
 Haddonfield, but spent his last days at the home 
 of his son-in-law, Thomas Stevenson, at Steven- 
 son's mill. There he died at the age of ninety 
 years, and was buried in the Newton Cemetery. 
 His children were Mary, born 1767 ; John, bom 
 1758; Keziah, born 1760; Joseph, bom 1762; 
 Samuel, bom 1764 ; and Rebecca, born 1768. As 
 stated above, the members bearing the name of 
 Thorne in this vicinity died many years ago, the 
 only posterity remaining being descendants of the 
 daughter. These were married — Keziah to John 
 Kay ; Rebecca to Thomas Stevenson, grandfather 
 of Dr. John R. Stevenson ; and Mary to James 
 
 Clement. The latter family had one son and two 
 daughters, Elizabeth and Ann. The former mar- 
 ried Nathan Bunker, a native of New England, 
 who was a merchant in Philadelphia. Their 
 daughter became the wife of James W. Paul, one 
 of whose sons married thedaughter of A. J. Drexel, 
 and a daughter became the wife of the Hon. Wm. 
 B. Astor, of New York. The names of other early 
 settlers appear in connection with the church 
 histories of the township. 
 
 Civil Organization. — The original township 
 ofGloucester was erected, June 1, 1695, by the 
 grand jury of Gloucester County, with bounds as 
 follows : " From y" said Newton Creek branch to 
 y' lowermost branch of ye Gloucester River shall 
 be another constablewick or township." In the 
 same report the title of this new township is given 
 as Gloucester, and Elias Hugg named as the con- 
 stable. Extending thus southeastward indefinitely, 
 its limits, not named above, were undefined until 
 1765, when Samuel Clement surveyed all the head- 
 lines of the township in the county. For more 
 than half a century the township extended from 
 the Delaware River to the Atlantic Ocean, and for 
 a like period from the river to the extreme end of 
 what is now Winslow township. The latter town- 
 ship was formed out of the territory of Gloucester, 
 by legislative enactment, March 8, 1845. But the 
 western boundary of the township had already 
 been moved eastward; in November, 1831, by the 
 erection of Union township, which subsequently, 
 in 1855, became the present Centre township. Thus 
 reduced, the area of Gloucester was thirty-five and 
 sixty -six one-hundredths square miles; but in 
 1859 a few square miles were taken off", in the 
 neighborhood of Berlin, and annexed to Water- 
 ford township, leaving Gloucester in its present 
 condition. These frequent changes have caused 
 the records to, be mislaid, which prevents the com- 
 pilation of a complete civil list. Since 1862 the 
 following have been the principal officers : 
 
 1863. HurfrWooilrow. 
 18()4. Ainoe (.'. Stovensun. 
 
 1865. AniosC. SteveDBOn. 
 
 1866. C. W. Taylor. 
 
 1867. Bi!i\)jiniin K. Sharp. 
 1868-60. Theo. V. Walker. 
 1870. Theo. F. Walker. 
 
 1871. Joehua B. Sickler. 
 187.3-74, Samuel W. Lamb. 
 1876-76. Joshua G. Edwards. 
 1877-78. Joseph T. Wood. 
 1870. Samuel ShafTor. 
 1880. Joseph T. Wood. 
 1881-86. Edward M. Murphy. 
 
 Assessors. 
 
 1863-64, Robert Henderson. 
 1865-71. John North, Sr. 
 
 1876-70. Joshua B. Sickler. 
 1880-86. Edward J. Coles. 
 
 Collectors. — In this period the township collect- 
 ors have been Samuel P. Chew, Van Buren Giffin 
 and Joseph T. Wood. 
 
AUTOGRAPHS OF SETTLERS IN THE TERRITORY OF OLD GLOUCESTER 
 
 TOWNSHIP. 
 
 t^v e^^'ufU 
 
 k first'settler. Sheriff of old Gloucester County. Died 1718, 
 leaving one son, Jacob. 
 
 A first settler, and the owner of large tracts of 
 
 land. Died 1706- Had sons John, 
 
 Ellas, Joseph and Charles. 
 
 A first settler. Lawyer "and King's attorney. Died 1719. 
 
 Had sons Ephraim, Joseph, Ebenezer, Eichard, 
 
 John, Othniel and William. 
 
 Eldest son of John, the emigrant. 
 
 Died 1780. Had sons Joseph, 
 
 Gabriel, John, Elias 
 
 and Jacob. 
 
 Son of Joseph, the emigrant. Died 1758, 
 leaving sons Joseph and Samuel. 
 
 Youngest son of John, Jr., the son of 
 John, the emigrant. 
 
 A first settler. Died 1716. Had sons 
 Samuel, John and Josiah. 
 
 One of the first Newton settlers. Died in 
 1702, and left sons Benjamin and Thomas. 
 
 Came from Long Island. Married Mary 
 
 Thorne, and had sons Thomas, 
 
 John T., Samuel, Isaac, 
 
 Joseph and Jacob. 
 
 ^, .of -Cd 
 
 ^7-7 C-^^ 
 
 / 
 
 Son of Jacob the first settler. He was a 
 practical surveyor of Haddonfield. 
 
678 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Justices of the Peace.— The justices of the peace 
 in the same length of time were,— 
 
 Joshua B. Sickler. Wm, B. Bettlo. 
 
 John North, Sr. Kobert Henderson. 
 
 Theodore F. Walker. Jacob I. Sayers. 
 
 Benjamin WilUamB. Bobert Henderson. 
 
 Jonathan W. Oheoaeman. Jacob C. Lippincott. 
 
 Edward M. Murphy. Charles Alexander. 
 John H, Magee. 
 
 The only accounts obtainable, from any of the 
 records which have been preserved, pertain to the 
 division of the township into road districts, in 
 1829. James D. Dotterer, Samuel M. Thorn and 
 William Monroe were the township committee 
 that year, and the following were the overseers : 
 William Peacock, Josiah Ware, Josiah Albertson, 
 Jesse King, Isaac Hugg, Jonathan Powell, Rich- 
 ard Settle, David Albertson and Jacob Ware. 
 
 VILLAGES. 
 
 In the northwestern part of the township, on the 
 turnpike of the same name, is the old hamlet of 
 White Horse, so called from the old tavern whose 
 sign was adorned with the figure of a white horse. 
 Previous to the building of the railroad it was a 
 popular stopping-place for travelers from Phil- 
 adelphia to Egg Harbor, but for many years has 
 had a limited local patronage only. Among those 
 best remembered as keepers have been Ephraim 
 Hillman, Joseph Wolohon, Minor Rogers, John 
 Sharp, William Carson and the present Erastus 
 Davis. Half a dozen houses and shops were built 
 in this locality, the latter being yet carried on. 
 Soon after the building of the Camden and At- 
 lantic Railroad a station was located near this 
 place, which also bore the name of White Horse; 
 and for a time there was a post-ofBce, with the 
 same name. After its discontinuance, another 
 office was established, with the name of Marl 
 City, whose use was prostituted by unscrupulous 
 Philadelphia parties, when the department discon- 
 tinued it. About fifteen years ago a new post- 
 office Was established with the name of 
 
 KlEKWOOD, in compliment to Joel P. Kirkbride, 
 an influential farmer living in Waterford, near the 
 station, which also received this name. Theodore 
 B. Bibbs was appointed postmaster and was 
 succeeded by the present incumbent, Ephraim 
 Tomlinson. The latter opened the first regular 
 store in the place in 1870, building a new store in 
 1886. Here are, also, the extensive ice-houses of 
 the Wilson Coal and Ice Company and the fine 
 flouring-mill of J. P. Kirkbride, the latter being 
 in Waterford township. Coopers Creek was here 
 first improved to operate a saw-mill, but in 1838 a 
 small grist-mill was built, which passed into the 
 hands of the present owner in 1850, and was by 
 
 him improved to its present condition. The mill- 
 pond is a large and attractive sheet of water, bor- 
 dered on the Gloucester side by a beautiful grove. 
 This became the property of the railroad company 
 a few years ago, and was converted into 
 
 Lakeside Park. — These popular pleasure-grounds 
 embrace about seventy acres of land, well in- 
 closed and provided with the means to secure 
 rest and enjoyment. In the grove are many native 
 pines, whose odors add to the sense of enjoyment. 
 The lake has been well supplied with small boats, 
 and in the park are many .devices to amuse and 
 recreate the wearied mind and body. The company 
 has provided abundant transportation facilities, 
 which has secured a liberal patronage for the park 
 from Philadelphia. 
 
 Kirkwood Marl and Fertilizing Company was or- 
 ganized in January, 1879, with John Lucas, presi- 
 dent ; Joel P. Kirkbride, secretary and treasurer ; 
 George M. Rogers, superintendent; John F. 
 Bodine, Peter L. Voorhees and Harvey Quicksall. 
 directors. The company work the marl-beds near 
 Kirkwood, first developed, to a considerable ex- 
 tent, by Minor Rogers, and later worked by George 
 M. Rogers, until the present management took 
 charge of them. The marl here found is of superior 
 quality, lying about three feet below the surface of 
 the ground, and the bed has a depth of fifteen feet. 
 Easy means of shipment are provided by track 
 from the railroad, which runs through the beds. 
 For the manufacture of fertilizers suitable build- 
 ings and machinery have been provided. About 
 twelve men are employed. 
 
 The discovery and use of these fertilizing agents, 
 added to the natural richness of the soil in 
 this locality, has made splendid farm improve- 
 ments possible. Among the finest may be named 
 the farm-buildings of Alexander Cooper, E. W. 
 Coffin, Ephraim Tomlinson, J. P. Kirkbride and 
 Esaias E. Hunt. 
 
 LiNDENWOLD is a projected suburban town on the 
 Camden and Atlantic Railroad, one-half a mile 
 south of Kirkwood. It was founded in the fall of 
 1885, and consists of two tracts of land, No. 1 bor- 
 dering on Lakeside Park, and lying on both Hides 
 of the railroad. It contains n inety acres of land, 
 and was the property of John A. EUsler. Tract No. 
 2 adjoins the above-described, and extends south- 
 ward to the White Horse turnpike, having an area 
 of one hundred and forty acres, which has been 
 surveyed into lots and placed upon the market by 
 the Penn Guarantee Trust Association, of which 
 Winer Bedford is the secretary. The latter erected 
 the first building in the new town, which had, in 
 May, 1880, a number of residences in process of 
 
^^t-O'^'^^'l— 
 
 ^A-t^-^-^tyl^TJlyr /^ 
 
THE TOWNSHIP OP GLOUCESTER. 
 
 679 
 
 construction, indicating a properous future for the 
 village. 
 
 The first business place was the office of the 
 South Jersey Advertiser, published here since Feb- 
 ruary, 1886. The paper was established at Cam- 
 den, January 1, 1880, by 0. E. Linch, as a seven- 
 column folio, devoted to general news. Its publi- 
 cation in that city was continued until November 
 15, 1885, when the paper became the property of 
 Frank T. Coe, who removed it to Clementon, where 
 it was published until its transfer by Coe to Lin- 
 denwold. It is now issued as a six-column quarto, 
 independent in politics and devoted to local and 
 county news. 
 
 Clementon. — Clementon is a small village on 
 the Philadelphia and Atlantic City Eailroad, five 
 miles east of Chews Landing. The first improve- 
 ments were on the north branch of Timber Creek, 
 which here affords a good water-power, and con- 
 sisted of small saw-mills and grist-mills. They were 
 • gotten in operation about one hundred and fifty , 
 years ago by Andrew Newman, and one of the early 
 owners was William Lawrence, who built part of 
 the house which now forms the Gibbs mansion. 
 Lawrence had in his service a German redemp- 
 tionist, named Christopher Kneiser, who succeeded 
 to the ownership of the property, removing after 
 a few years to Philadelphia. After his death 
 Samuel Clement and some business associates be- 
 came the owners of the property, operating the 
 mills and also built a glass-factory some time be- 
 fore 1825, which they successfully carried on sev- 
 eral years. It stood on a hill in what is now a 
 pear-orchard, opposite the residence of Cyrus 
 Watson, and had an eight-pot furnace. Both hol- 
 low and flat-ware were manufactured, and as this 
 was one of the first factories in this part of the 
 country, it was visited by a large number of sight- 
 seers, many sleighing-parties of young people go- 
 ing there from long distances. These found en- 
 tertainment in the large gambrel-roofed house on 
 an adjoining lot, which was, at that time, kept as 
 an inn. 
 
 A number of dwellings for the use of the 
 operatives had been built on the hill about the 
 time the glass-works were located, some of which 
 were removed many years ago. The glass-works 
 were discontinued before 1830, and, as the em- 
 ployees moved to Gloucester County, the village 
 (which had been called Clementon, in compliment 
 to Samuel Clement) was left with nothing but its 
 milling interests. After bein^ owned by Thomas 
 Eisdon, Jonathan Riley became the owner of this 
 property, and in the course of years sold it to 
 Isaac Tomlinson, from whose heirs T. B. Gibbs 
 82 
 
 and L. W. Snyder bought the mills in 1872 and 
 continued to operate them. 
 
 On the same stream, some distance above, is the 
 lumber-mill of Seth 0. Bishop, and the Laurel 
 Mills, owned by Ephraim Tomlinson, both doing 
 good service 
 
 Ephraim Tomlinson is a lineal descendant of 
 Joseph Tomlinson, who came to New Jersey from 
 London, England, in 1686, and in his native land was 
 a member of Horseleydown Friends' Meeting. 
 When Joseph Tomlinson arrived in this country he 
 was apprenticed to Thomas Sharp to learn the trade 
 of dyeing. When he attained his majority he en- 
 tered eagerly into the political affairs of his adopted 
 country. He is said to have built the first Friends' 
 Meeting-house at Newton. He was married in 
 1690, and located one hundred and seventeen acres 
 in Gloucester township, adjoining lands of Joseph 
 Wood. In 1695 he was chosen sheriff of Glouces- 
 ter County, and in 1696 was appointed King's at- 
 torney, which position he held for many years, and 
 by hia ability and integrity retained the confidence 
 of his associates to his death, in 1719. His chil- 
 dren were Ephraim, Joseph, Ebenezer, Eichard, 
 John, Othniel, William, Elizabeth, Mary and 
 Ann. Elizabeth married Bartholomew Wyatt; 
 Ephraim settled near the old homestead ; Joseph 
 occupied the home property ; John located three 
 hundred acres near Gravelly Run ; William moved 
 to Waterford township ; Othniel removed to Salem 
 County, and in 1753 took up his residence in Ches- 
 ter County, Pennsylvania, near Concord Meeting- 
 house ; Ephraim, son of Ephraim, succeeded to 
 the homestead. It next became the property of 
 Benjamin, from whom it passed to James, brother 
 of Ephraim Tomlinson, the subject of this sketch. 
 The old Harding mill, owned by the present Eph- 
 raim, is now called Laurel Mills, and adjoins the 
 old homestead, situated on the north branch of 
 Great Timber Creek. Ephraim Tomlinson, and 
 Sarah, his wife, had three cbildreu, ^Ephraim, 
 Mary and Elizabeth. He was a minister in meet- 
 ing, and walked from Timber Creek farm to New- 
 ton Meeting, the country being mostly timber 
 land, through which he passed to meeting. 
 
 Ephraim, who was born August 28, 1742, settled 
 on Timber Creek, and was married to Ann Olden, 
 November 11, 1767. Their children were Sarah, 
 married to David assett ; Lydia, who died young ; 
 Elizabeth, who married John Inskeep ; Catherine, 
 who was the wife of Eobert Stiles; James, who 
 died in infancy ; Joseph, who married Mary Cooper | 
 Benjamin, who married Frances Haines ; Sarah 
 and Ephraim, who died young. Benjamin Tom- 
 linson, by his marriage with Frances Haines, 
 
680 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 had but one child, Ephraim Tomlinson, who has 
 been long identified with the business interests of 
 Gloucester township. He was but a few days old 
 when his mother died, January 1807. 
 
 He married Sarah T. Inskeep, daughter of John 
 and Elizabeth Inskeep, of Evesham, and had the 
 following children: Elizabeth I., Frances H., Ann, 
 died young; William I., Edwin, Martha H., 
 Ephraim and B. Albert. 
 
 Ephraim Tomlinson cultivated three large farms, 
 grazed from forty to one hundred head of cattle 
 yearly, erected and conducted three stores, a saw- 
 mill and flour-mill, the mills being remodeled by 
 him later. One of the tracts he cleared of tim- 
 ber and made of it a good farm. He erected 
 comfortable and substantial mansions and out- 
 buildings on all of them. He has been always 
 anxious to improve his neighborhood, and to lend 
 a helping-hand to his fellow-man, and is conscien- 
 tious to be just and upright in all his dealings. 
 In 1886, while in his eightieth year, he had 
 cleared a large tract of land which was entirely 
 covered with timber and brush ; it is fast develop- 
 ing into another good farm. 
 
 Ephraim Tomlinson, in 1873, retired from his 
 mill property in Gloucester township, and has 
 since resided in Waterford township. In 1861 he 
 was elected a director in the State Bank of Cam- 
 den, and was one of the directors when the charter, 
 in 1865, was changed, and the institution became 
 a national bank. He held the position as director 
 in 1886, when he resigned, and his son-in-law, 
 John Gill, was elected to fill the vacancy. 
 
 Like his ancestors, he attends the Society of 
 Friends, and, at the age of eighty years, wonder- 
 fully preserves his mental and physical vigor. 
 
 In the old tavern building, long since used as a 
 private dwelling, Matthew Mountainy opened the 
 first store in the place, being succeeded by Jere- 
 miah Seeds. The latter afterwards established a 
 store on the ridge east from this place, where he 
 continues in trade. 
 
 Additions to Clementon have been platted by 
 George A. Baghurst and others, and a number of 
 houses have recently been built for suburban 
 homes by business men of Philadelphia. In the 
 new additions are fine building sites which will be 
 improved so as to make this a very attractive 
 place. The first public building was the Town Hall, 
 erected in the summer of 1886 by the Clementon 
 Hall Association, which was incorporated with a 
 capital stock of two thousand dollars, June 3, 
 1886. The members of the association were Theo- 
 dore B. Gibbs, George A. Baghurst, George H. 
 Higgins, Charles Bendler, Thomas Grist, John E. 
 
 Eowand, Joseph Lippincott, E. W. Jaggard, 
 George Summerfield, Abel Battoms, Nicholas 
 Bryan, George CuDum and James S. Gibbs. It is 
 a two-story frame structure, with sittings for three 
 hundred persons. In June, 1886, Clementon had 
 twenty-five residences, two small stores and a post- 
 office. 
 
 Watsontown is the name applied to a scattered 
 hamlet on the Berlin and White Horse turnpike, 
 a mile from Clementon. The only business inter- 
 est is a small store kept by Aaron C. Watson. Near 
 this place, on a branch of Timber Creek, is a mill 
 for refining and pulverizing charcoal, operated by 
 water-power, owned by John Eowand ; and a mile 
 distant is a similar mill, opei-ated by steam-power, 
 which is the property of Hillman Eowand. 
 
 Beownstown, a hamlet on a branch of the North 
 branch of Timber Creek, is a little more than a 
 mile from Clementon. It took its name from Wil- 
 liam Brown, who had a saw-mill and carried on a 
 ' lumber business at that place on an extensive scale. 
 After the discontinuance of the mill Brownstown 
 became ordinary farm property. 
 
 Davistown is a hamlet of colored people, hav- 
 ing no business interests, and is located a little 
 east of the centre of the township. It derived its 
 name from Solomon Davis, a venerable negro, 
 who lived at this point many years. Through his 
 efforts, assisted by the whites in that locality, a 
 Methodist meeting-house for the use of the colored 
 people was there built about 1850, and has since 
 been kept up. It is a very plain building and the 
 congregation has no regular preacher. 
 
 Spring Mills is the name of a manufacturing 
 hamlet on Great Timber Creek, one and a half 
 miles above Blackwood. The location is highly 
 picturesque and the water-power at this point is 
 not excelled in this county. It is utilized to the 
 extent of one hundred horse-power, while the 
 volume unemployed is fully as great. As early as 
 1810 this was the site of the Bates & Wilkins saw- 
 mills, which later became the property of Jacob 
 Glover. The improvements were very meagre and 
 as late as 1836 a dense growth of tanglewood 
 covered all but a small clearing around the mill. 
 At that time the Indian name, Tetamekon, was 
 frequently applied to the locality. About this 
 period the advantages of this site for manufactur- 
 ing purposes were recognized, and, in 1836, Carr & 
 Lunt, of Philadelphia, purchased the property and 
 established what have since become widely known 
 as the Spring Mills Agricultural Works. In a few 
 years William H. Carr became the sole owner, 
 carrying on the works, with Stephen Bateman as 
 his manager. He was a practical machinist, from 
 
THE TOWNSHIP OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 681 
 
 Naugatuck, Conn., and his labors tere were char- 
 acterized by the energy peculiar to the natives of 
 that State. His first operations were confined to 
 the manufacture of forks and shovels, those articles 
 being here made complete. The lumber used was 
 brought in scows to Good Intent, which at that 
 time had tide-water communication, and was there 
 worked into handles. The finished goods were 
 carted to Philadelphia, where their superior 
 quality secured them a ready sale, and notwith- 
 standing the disadvantages of location, the busi- 
 ness prospered so that twenty men were employed. 
 The first building was at the lower power, but 
 soon after another set of buildings were put up, on 
 the opposite side of the stream, for foundry pur- 
 poses, which were carried on under the superin- 
 tendence of Thomas Loring, of Troy, N. Y. Here 
 butt-hinges were also made. In 1852 this build- 
 ing was destroyed by fire and a part of the building 
 now on that site was erected it its stead. In 
 October, 1860, Stephen Bateman became the 
 owner of the property, and on the breaking out of 
 the war engaged in the manufacture of agricultural 
 implements and wagons. 
 
 Soon after Loring established his foundry below 
 these works, improving a small power for that 
 purpose, where he continued some years, when 
 the place was abandoned. In October, 1863, 
 E. S. & F. Bateman assumed the business of 
 their father, and continued to produce the same 
 line of goods. Six years later the manufacture 
 of wagons was discontinued, and from that time 
 cultivators were made a specialty. 
 
 In 1866 the Patent Metallic Company, of Phila- 
 delphia, bought a part of the power and put up 
 buildings for the manufacture of metallic roofing^ 
 continuing operations until 1876, when the factory 
 was transferred to Philadelphia. These buildings, 
 and others more recently erected, are all occu- 
 pied by the present firm of E. S. & F. Bateman. 
 E. L. Wilson became a partner in the firm in 1883, 
 and since 1884 they have been the sole owners of 
 the entire property. The plant embraces twenty- 
 seven acres of land, several mansions and half a 
 dozen tenements, in addition to the factory build- 
 ings proper. 
 
 These are arranged in three groups, each 
 having its separate power, No. 1 being devoted 
 to steel-forging and wood-working machinery. No. 
 2 to polishing work and No. 3 to iron-forging and 
 general work. There are also spacious storage 
 rooms and offices. With the aid of improved 
 machinery the capacity of the works has been 
 greatly augmented, without increasing the number 
 of workmen. In May, 1886, the employees num- 
 
 bered fifty, who manufactured eighteen thousand 
 " Iron Age Cultivators " per year. 
 
 On the turnpike, near the works, is the spacious 
 mercantile house of J. C. Bradshaw, erected in 
 1885, which is, in its appointments, complete be- 
 yond the ordinary stores in small villages. Here 
 is kept the Spring Mills post-office, of which J. C. 
 Bradshaw has been the postmaster since its estab- 
 lishment, in 1876. 
 
 The Lost Town of Upton. — Upton was the 
 name given to an embryo town , founded in the latter 
 part of the seventeenth century by some of the first 
 settlers of old Gloucester County. It is supposed 
 that most of them had located there temporarily only 
 after their arrival in this country, in order to se- 
 cure the protection against Indian attacks which 
 such a settlement would afibrd, or until they could 
 look about and select permanent homes. The 
 Indians proving peaceable and the town-site pos- 
 sessing no advantages to make it a commercial 
 point, it was abandoned more than a hundred and 
 fifty years ago, and for a long time its very location 
 was involved in doubt; hence Upton is a lost 
 town. 
 
 It was situated on the north side of the south 
 branch of Timber Creek, near the head of tide 
 navigation, about one and a half miles below 
 Blackwood, and derived its name from Upton, 
 in Berkshire, England, where resided Thomas 
 Staunton, the proprietor of the land. In 1687 he 
 sold it to Eichard Ever, and in 1688 the latter 
 disposed of his interests to John Ladd. The 
 same year James Whitall bought a part of this 
 tract of land and built the first house at Up- 
 ton. He made a number of improvements and 
 very likely opened the first public-house. In 
 1695 John Hedger, Thomas Stephens and John 
 Too purchased lots, and real estate was also bought 
 in 1697 by William and Israel Ward, in 1698 by 
 Thomas Bull and Edward Williams, in 1699 by 
 Richard Chew, in 1700 by John Brown, and by 
 Arthur Powell in 1701. 
 
 In 1697 occurred the first wedding of the town, 
 of which any record has been preserved, and the 
 document is so unique that it is here produced in 
 its quaint form, — 
 
 " The sixteenth of Novembor, Anno 1697. This may certify whom 
 it may concern that I, George Ward, of ye Towne of Upton and 
 County of Gloucestev, and Hannah Waynwright, of Woodben-y 
 Creek, have been Published according to Law, and nothing appear- 
 ing contrary in any wise to hinder them, they have proceeded at a 
 public place appointed for that purpose as folioweth : Y» said George 
 standing up and taking y» said Hannah by y» hand, saith as foliow- 
 eth : I George Ward, i n y» presence of God and this Assembly, Take 
 Hannah Waynwright to my Wife, promising to be a loving Husband 
 untill Death sepperate ; and she, y a'd Hannah in like manner saith 
 —I Hannah Waynwright, in y« presence of God and this Assembly, 
 
682 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 take George Ward to be my luisbana, promising to be a loueing 
 rfaithfuUWife till Death Sepperate. 
 
 her 
 "Hannah X Waynweisht." 
 mark 
 bis 
 "Geoege X Waed. 
 mark 
 
 The persons present were, — 
 
 '* John Brown. John Ashbrook. 
 
 Israel Ward. Thomas Bull. 
 
 William Ward. James Whitall. 
 
 John Tatum. Samuel Taylor. 
 
 Thomas Gibson. John Euno. 
 
 Isaac Wood. Elizabeth Tatum. 
 
 Charles Crossthwait. Susannah Waynwright. 
 
 *' December y'> first Anno 1697, The within certificate was ordered 
 to be recorded by 
 
 " Tho. Gaednee, Justice. 
 " December 8, 1691, Entr. Exam, and Recorded pr me, 
 
 "John Beading, Rec. 
 " Testes. John Heading?^ 
 
 It is likely that this George Ward was either a 
 brother or son of one of the Wards named above, 
 and subsequently he became a land-owner himself, 
 at what is now Blackwood. 
 
 Kichard Chew bought the Whitall property, 
 which was better improved than the rest, as his 
 buildings appear to have withstood the ravages of 
 time longer than the others erected at this place, 
 which, being disused, soon went to decay. In 1728 
 he conveyed the Whitall property to his son 
 Thomas, who, in 1740, had a re-survey of the land 
 made, by means of which the location of the ob- 
 literated town was made possible. The most of the 
 buildings ceased to serve their purposes soon after 
 1700, the tavern building, which was also a farm- 
 house, being one of the last left standing. But 
 even this was abandoned after more direct lines of 
 travel were established, becoming a deserted inn, 
 in a deserted village, not unlike the one so faithful- 
 ly portrayed by Goldsmith, — 
 
 " Near yonder thorn, that lifts its head on high, 
 Where once the sign-post caught tlie passing eye. 
 Low lies that house where nut-brown draughts inspired, 
 Where gray-beard mirth and smiling toil retired ; 
 Where village statesmen talked with looks profound, 
 And news much older than their ale went round." 
 
 The houses these villagers occupied when living 
 have all passed away, butthe resting-place of their 
 dead remains. They established a grave-yard on 
 the hill, near by, which has been kept up to the 
 . present time and is reasonably well preserved. It 
 was formerly called Wallan's grave-yard, but is 
 now better known as Powell's. The descendants 
 of the Arthur Powell mentioned heretofore en- 
 larged the ground and put the yard in good con- 
 dition. Interments are yet occasionally made by 
 families whose ancestors had once resided at Up- 
 ton. 
 
 Chews Landing is on the north branch of Tim- 
 ber Creek, now the head of tide-water navigation 
 on that stream. By direct turnpike from Camden it 
 is distant nine miles. Though antedating the 
 Eevolution, and being at one time a place of con- 
 siderable importance as a shipping point, the place 
 has never grown beyond the proportions of a strag- 
 gling village. There are two churches, several 
 stores and about thirty dwellings. The name of 
 the place was derived from Jeremiah Chew, who 
 was a descendant of the Thomas Chew living at 
 Upton. He made some of the first improvements, 
 including a wharf, or landing, for the flat-boats 
 plying between this point and Philadelphia, and 
 opened the first tavern. A part of this house is 
 still standing on the hill, which is also one of the 
 original buildings Before the Revolution, Aaron 
 Chew, the only son of Jeremiah, became the owner of 
 the former building. It was kept as a tavern, in 
 1780, by John Hedger, and John Lewis had charge 
 of the landing. 
 
 An Incident, of the Revolution. — A few years be- 
 fore, this it was the scene of a stirring incident. 
 Aaron Chew and a number of his neighbors had 
 espoused the patriot cause, and, being in the 
 neighborhood of their homes, made a visit to their 
 friends. Their presence was reported to the British 
 who dispatched a party of dragoons to capture 
 them. They surrounded the tavern, where Aaron 
 Chew and some of his companions were, firing a 
 number of bullets into the building, some of which 
 are yet imbedded in the cedar logs, of which its 
 walls are constructed. The inmates took refuge 
 in the cellar of the house, and, thinking they had 
 a favorable opportunity to escape, Aaron Chew and 
 Josiah Albertson attempted to run across a small 
 field into the woods, but were seized as they were 
 passing over the fence. The latter eluded his cap- 
 tors, but Chew was taken to New York and was 
 confined as a prisoner on Long Island. In 1780 
 he was at New Lott, on parole, but being a high- 
 spirited man and chafing under the restraint those 
 in charge placed upon him, resented some of the 
 indignities to which he was subjected. This caused 
 him to be reported to the commandant, who wrote 
 him the following letter : 
 
 "New Yoek, August 16, 1780. 
 " Sir : 
 
 " Complaint is brought against you from your Landlord, that you 
 have abused him and his wife. I hope you will be careful to con- 
 duct yourself in such a manner as becomes a prisoner, and that you 
 will not give your Landlord any further cause of calling at this 
 office to remonstrate against yon, which will prevent any further 
 trouble. 
 
 " I am, sir, your humble servant, 
 
 " John Winslow, D. Com. Prisoners. 
 " Lieut. Aaron Chew, Prisoner on parole at New Lott. Long 
 Island.*' 
 
THE TOWNSHIP OF GLOUCESTEE. 
 
 683 
 
 Not long after, Chew was allowed to return 
 home, in good health, and survived the war a num- 
 ber of years. But he was always outspoken in his 
 hostility towards the British and rejoiced that be 
 could live to see his country independent and 
 prosperous. He died in 1805 at the age of fifty- 
 four years and is interred in St. John's burial- 
 ground. 
 
 His son Aaron was the father of Samuel P. 
 Chew, who was born in this village August 19, 
 1816. He was carefully educated, studied law, but 
 adopted surveying as his profession. On account 
 of his poor health bis work was confined princi- 
 pally to his own neighborhood, where it gave good 
 satisfaction, as be was careful and methodical. 
 His delicate constitution predisposed him to con- 
 sumption, which ended his life October 13, 1875. 
 As he had no sons, he was the last male member 
 of the Chew family in this part of the county. 
 
 Hannah, a daughter of Lieutenant Aaron Chew, 
 the Revolutionary soldier, was married to George 
 Hand, of Wilmington, Del., but becoming a wid- 
 ow, had for her second husband John Clement, of 
 Haddonfield. 
 
 The elder Chews were in business at Chews 
 Landing, and had, as early neighbors and business 
 contemporaries, Christopher Sickler and family. 
 He lived at the upper bridge, where his son Chris- 
 topher was born in 1774. After attaining man- 
 hood the latter built the house now at that place 
 and also conducted a store there for some time. 
 Of his sons, John E., born September 20, 1800, 
 became a physician and later the editor of a Cam- 
 den paper. Jazer and Joshua, his brothers, engaged 
 in business at Chews Landing. The latter began 
 merchandising near the centre of the village in 
 1839, selling out to Jazer Sickler and began hotel- 
 keeping near by. This public-house is still con- 
 tinued, but the old Chew tavern was converted into 
 a residence about forty years ago. 
 
 In 1855, Joshua Sickler opened another store 
 and was appointed postmaster, continuing in busi- 
 ness until 1882, when his son, Edward P., succeed- 
 ed him, being the present postmaster. 
 • Near the old Chew tavern the North family has 
 been engaged in merchandising the past fifty years, 
 John North, Sr., being the postmaster from 1872 
 until his death in 1885. 
 
 Chews Landing lost its importance as a shipping 
 point after the country was cleared up and there 
 was no longer any wood or lumber for market, but 
 an occasional barge still lands here, loaded with coal 
 or manure from Philadelphia. The filling up of 
 the stream has lessened the flow of the tide, which 
 is now no more than four feet at the highest. Be- 
 
 fore the building of the Camden and Atlantic 
 Railroad all the eastern section of the township 
 and much of Waterford shipped their heavy pro- 
 duce from the Landing. Several wharves were 
 maintained, and in addition to this shipping inter- 
 est, boat-building was carried on, principally by 
 John North, Joseph Wolohon and Edmund 
 Brewer. The latter built a boat of about three 
 hundred tons capacity for Samuel Merrill, all the 
 work being done here except the rigging, which 
 was fitted up at Philadelphia. Usually the capac- 
 ity was from fifty to sixty tons and there was but 
 one small mast. No boats have lately been built, 
 and when this interest was discontinued many in- 
 habitants removed and Chews Landing thenceforth 
 became an ordinary country trading point. 
 
 The Village op Blackvfood, the oldest and 
 largest village in the township, is delightfully sit- 
 uated on the main branch of Timber Creek, eleven 
 miles southeast from Camden and six miles north- 
 east from Woodbury, being connected with both 
 places by good turnpikes. It contains half a doz- 
 en business places, Presbyterian, Baptist and 
 Methodist Churches, a good graded school and a 
 number of neat residences. The village proper 
 has about three hundred inhabitants. Including 
 the hamlets of Mechanicsville and Good Intent, 
 which are in the immediate locality, the popula- 
 tion is considerably increased. 
 
 Eaely Settlees. — At ihe latter place, which is 
 partly in Gloucester County, the first improve- 
 ments of a business nature were made. In 1701 
 George Ward, of the town of Upton, bought a 
 tract of two hundred and fifty acres of land of 
 Thomas Bull, of the same place, and soon after 
 improved the water-power, which was on this 
 land, by erecting small mills at what is now Good 
 Intent, the buildings being just below the present 
 bridge. On the 16th of July, 1705, George Ward 
 conveyed to John Royton two acres of the above 
 tract, " together with one-half of the grist-mill and 
 the fulling-mill ; also one-half of the stream and 
 bank-race belonging to said mills, and the houses, 
 buildings, press, coppers and the other utensils 
 proper and necessary to be used for carrying on 
 the said works of grinding, fulling, dyeing and 
 pressing." On the 18th of April, 1741, George 
 Ward sold ninety-five acres of the aforesaid tract . 
 of land to John Blackwood, and on the 24th of 
 the same month, in 1752, Blackwood bought one 
 hundred acres more, which included what is now 
 the site of the village, which was known many 
 years as Black woodtown. It is probable that 
 Blackwood settled here about the date of the first 
 purchase, for in 1750 he was the chief supporter 
 
684 
 
 HISTOKY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 of and contributor to the building of the Presby- 
 terian Church on part of liis lands. 
 
 Meantime, Charles Eead had become the owner 
 of the old Ward mills, having purchased the same 
 at sheriff's sale. In 1759 he conveyed them to 
 John Blactwood, and some years afterward his son 
 James became the owner of at least part of the 
 property. Thomas Wharton subsequently owned 
 the mills and other changes of ownership took 
 place. In 1800 they were called Kay's Mills, and 
 before 1820 the fulling-mill had been abandoned, 
 the only improvements being a small saw and 
 grist-mill. 
 
 Indu-steial Establishments. — About this 
 time Garrett Newkirk, of Philadelphia, became 
 the owner of the property, and in 1829 erected the 
 first Good Intent cloth-mill, which was gotten in 
 operation the following year. Jonas Livermore 
 was placed in charge of the weaving department 
 and also started the first circular-saw mill a year 
 or so later. The factory building was three stories 
 high, forty by sixty feet, and the mill was operated 
 upon satinets. Some time before 1840 it was de- 
 stroyed by lire, but was at once rebuilt in much 
 the same form as at first. About eight years later it 
 was again burned down, when, after a brief per- 
 iod, it was erected in the form that it now appears. 
 The main building is sixty by one hundred and 
 twenty feet, one story high, and is a stone struc- 
 ture. The finishing-house is thirty by one hun- 
 dred feet and two stories high. 
 
 The plant also embraces a flouring mill and 
 twenty-two tenements. The property is owned by 
 a company in which Jonas Livermore has a one- 
 fourth interest, his associates living outside of the 
 county. 
 
 Since the war of 1861-65 the works have been 
 operated, under leases, by a number of parties, in 
 the manufacture of woolen goods, oil-cloths and 
 last upon horse-blankets. All but the grist-mill 
 have been inoperative the past few years, and, in 
 consequence, many of the former employees have 
 removed, and the place has lost its busy aspect. 
 
 Old Hotels :— At the centre of the village of 
 Blackwood, opposite the grave-yard, is the oldest 
 building in the place, which has, since its erection 
 before the Eevolution, been used as a public-house.' 
 In 1790, Samuel Blackwood sold it to Samuel 
 Cheeseman ; and nine years after, the latter con- 
 veyed it to Robert Chew. At this time John 
 Sharp, Richard Cheeseman, Samuel Strong and 
 John Morgan appear to have been the owners of 
 the contiguous property, embracing, in the main, 
 the village as it then was. Richard Tice, David 
 Eldridge, John Jones, John Wilkins and David 
 
 Morgan were successive landlords before 1831, 
 when Edward Middleton took charge;of the place. 
 His son-in-law, Uriah Norcross, then established a 
 line of daily stages to Camden, since which period 
 the village has had a slow and uneventful growth, 
 but each year making a little advancement. 
 
 NoRCBOSS Stage Lines. — The stage lines estab- 
 lished by Norcross were not confined to the county. 
 He had a line from Philadelphia to Cape May, and 
 interests in lines to the south, the east and the 
 west. Having his headquarters at Blackwood, it 
 was, in consequence a busy place, as he had large 
 stables of horses, numbering at times more than 
 thirty. In the course of years an opposition line 
 was established, from the " village to Camden," 
 which the old driver regarded as an encroachment 
 upon his rights, and determined to resent at any 
 cost. The fare was reduced to a merely nominal 
 sum, runners were employed to solicit patronage 
 and the stages once started, reckless driving was 
 indulged in. It was no unusual thing for Nor- 
 cross to fasten a large brush, formed out of the 
 branches of cedar trees, to the rear of one of his 
 vehicles, and then dash ahead of his rival, giving 
 him the full benefit of all the dust, and often en- 
 abling the indomitable Jehu to come in first at 
 the finish. Collisions were frequent, and, in con- 
 sequence, many cases of litigation ensued, which' 
 caused some diversion in the courts of that day. 
 
 A well-equipped line of stages to Camden is still 
 maintained, and a daily line is also run to Wood- 
 bury. Some of the Middletons returned to Phila- 
 delphia, where Edward P. Middleton amassed great 
 wealth. He died, April 1, 1869, and was buried 
 at Blackwood, where a very elegant and costly 
 monument was erected to his memory, and a mar- 
 ble tomb placed over his grave. 
 
 In 1845 George Cheeseman built a brick house, 
 in the southern part of the village, which was kept 
 some years by him and Charles Sharp as a temper- 
 ance hotel. In 1852 it was converted into a board- 
 ing school, which was successfully carried on by 
 Professors Hinds, Stratton, Bugbee and Hamilton, 
 each having the principalship several years. The 
 attendance was usually good and embraced among 
 the students several young men from Cuba. In 
 1872 a public school was kept there a short time, 
 when the house was remodeled, and is now the 
 residence of Richard Stevenson. 
 
 Stores. — Opposite the old tavern is an old store 
 standing, where a number of persons have been 
 engaged in trade, including Arthur Brown, Edward 
 Turner, Richard and Joseph Williams and Joseph 
 and Josiah Wood. David Lamb opened another 
 store which was destroyed by fire. A third store 
 
THE TOWNSHIP OF G-LOUCESTEE. 
 
 685 
 
 was opened by Arthur Brown, near the present 
 Samuel Hagerman stand. The latter is a large, 
 new store, well appointed and fully stocked. A 
 fourth store was opened by Thomas Ashburner, 
 in the building which had been erected as ahall by 
 the Sons of Temperance, where Edgar J. Coles is at 
 present in trade. 
 
 A complete list of the physicians who practiced 
 at Chews Landing and Blackwood may be found 
 in the general medical chapter. At Blackwood, 
 Doctor Henry E. Branin has been a physician of 
 successful and extensive practice since 1858, hav- 
 ing as his contemporary, at this time. Doctor 
 Joseph E. Huoff. 
 
 Mechanicstille is on the Camden turnpike, 
 a mile from Blackwood, and contains fifteen houses. 
 There were formerly several small stores, and a few 
 mechanic shops are yet maintained, from which 
 circumstance the hamlet took its name. Its situa- 
 tion between Blackwood and Chews Landing is 
 unfavorable to its becoming a business point. 
 
 churches. 
 
 The Peesbytekiait Chttrch at Blackwood.^ 
 — The early history of the Presbyterian congrega- 
 tion of this village is somewhat obscure, but 
 judging from a minute in the records of the 
 Presbytery of New Brunswick, at its session held 
 in Philadelphia, November 7, 1750, it must have 
 been in existence at that date, as a call was then 
 extended to Benjamin Chestnut to become the 
 pastor, in connection with the congregations at 
 Penn's Neck and Woodbury. He had been received 
 by the Presbytery the preceding year and was the 
 first minister whose pastoral connection with these 
 churches is recorded. But there are no means to 
 determine who composed the Congregation at the 
 head of Timber Creek, nor is it known where the 
 first meetings were held. On the 22d of May, 
 1761, Mr. Chestnut formally accepted the call which 
 had been extended to him, and, on the 3d of July, 
 the same year, was ordained to the ministry. 
 
 In the mean time the people of this place felt the 
 necessity of having a house of worship and "pro- 
 posed to use their joint endeavors to erect a house 
 or Presbyterian Church for public worship in some 
 convenient place," and accordingly obtained from 
 John Blackwood, October 18, 1751, one month 
 after Mr. Chestnut's ordination, one acre of land, 
 upon which to build the house, this acre being a 
 part of the present burial-ground. Mr. Blackwood 
 being a Scotchman and a stanch Presbyterian, 
 was foremost in this good work. He gave the 
 people the lot for a merely nominal consideration, 
 
 ' Compiled from sketches by Bev. F. K. Brace and Dr. Everitt. 
 
 two shillings and sixpence, and undertook the work 
 of building the church. The trustees were Michael 
 Fisher, Esq., Joseph Hedger, Peter Cheesman, 
 John McColloch, Lazarus Pine and Henry Thome. 
 The people subscribed toward the enterprise, but 
 some were slow to pay their subscriptions (a fault 
 not confined to those early days), as we learn from 
 the records of Presbytery that " Mr. John Black- 
 wood, of the congregation of Timber Creek, repre- 
 sented to the Presbytery," May 12, 1756, nearly 
 five years afterward, "that being employed by the 
 said congregation to carry on the work of building 
 their meeting-house, he has suffered much in his 
 worldly interest by the refusal of many persons to 
 pay their Subscriptions for that purpose, and having 
 no way to be relieved in that case, requested the 
 assistance of the Presbytery. Presbytery therefore 
 recommended to the congregation of Timber Creek 
 to consider Mr. Blackwood's case, and by their 
 subscriptions, or otherwise, to help make up his 
 loss according to their ability, and especially as 
 said meeting-house is for the public use of the 
 society, and erected at their desire ; and the Pres- 
 bytery does appoint Mr. Lawrence to preach there 
 on Thursday next and endeavor to inculcate the 
 same." 
 
 This action of the Presbytery, in appointing Mr. 
 Lawrence to preach, was made necessary on ac- 
 count of Mr. Chestnut's leaving the congregation, 
 in 1753. Soon after he began his ministry here 
 trouble arose between him and some of the mem- 
 bers, which caused the Presbytery to dismiss him, 
 at his request. May 17, 1753. He continued to 
 supply the congregation a few months after this, 
 but, in November 1753, removed to New Prov- 
 idence, where he remained a period of fourteen 
 years. 
 
 During this time the congregations were supplied 
 with preaching a few Sabbaths each year by Mes- 
 srs. Greenman, Lawrence, Hunter, Marten, Ram- 
 sey, Beatty, Williams and John Brainerd. In Oc- 
 tober, 1766, an unsuccessful effort was made to se- 
 cure the latter as pastor, and the following year 
 Benjamin Chestnut moved to Blackwood and be- 
 gan supplying the pulpits of that church and those 
 of Long-a- Coming and Woodbury. A few years 
 later a difficulty arose with the congregation at 
 Woodbui-y on account of the congregations not 
 having separate church organizations, which be- 
 came a matter of consideration for the Presbytery, 
 November 7, 1769, on the petition of the following 
 thirty-three members of the congregation at Tim- 
 ber Creek : Lazarus Pine, Peter Cheesman, Samuel 
 Perce, Randal Morgan, Isaac Flaningam, David 
 Morgan, Richard Cheesman, Richard Cheesman, 
 
686 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEESEY. 
 
 Jr., John Walling, Uriah Cheesman, Christopher 
 Siclder, John Hedger, Jonathan Wilkins, Peter 
 String, Eiohard Chessman, younger, Eichard 
 Smallwood, Israel Williams, John Williams, Rob- 
 ert Maffat, William Jolly, Eandal Marshall, Thom- 
 as Nightingale, Patrick Flaningam, Isaac Dilkes, 
 George Morgan, Abraham Morgan, Benjamin 
 Brown, John Rodgers, James Perce, William 
 Perce, Jacob Burch, Samuel Wild and William 
 Kidd. 
 
 In answer to which, Presbytery could only say 
 that as there were no commissioners from Wood- 
 bury, and the minutes of the committee appointed 
 to settle the matter were not present, they would 
 defer it to their next meeting. The whole differ- 
 ence was afterwards amicably adjusted by the two 
 congregations on the following basis : 
 
 "1st. That the congregations at the head of 
 Timber Creek and Woodbury be considered as 
 separate congregations under the pastoral care of 
 one minister. 
 
 " 2d. That Timber Creek and Woodbury, though 
 separate congregations, have but one session. 
 
 " 3d. That each congregation choose their own 
 officers and keep separate subscriptions, and have 
 equal service of the ministerial labors of their 
 
 minister. 
 
 ''4th. That the parsonage entirely belong to 
 the congregation at the head of Timber Creek, and 
 what money Woodbury people have given or may 
 give towards the parsonage land or building a 
 house thereon, shall be repaid by the Timber 
 Creek people again when Woodbury people shall 
 purchase a parsonage or build a house." 
 
 This was in November, 1770. 
 
 The parsonage property was sold by David 
 Morgan to Michael Fisher, Esq., David Roe, Laz- 
 arus Pine, Peter Cheesman, Randal W. Morgan, 
 Samuel Blackwood and Abraham Roe, October 18, 
 1765, for the sum of one hundred and sixty-five 
 pounds proclamation money, "under this trust and 
 confidence, that these men shall and will from 
 time to time, and at all times hereafter, permit and 
 suffer the Ministers and Elders of the Presbyterian 
 Church of Timber Creek, to receive and take the 
 rents, issues and profits of the said estate, to and 
 for the use, support and maintenance of such min- 
 ister, who shall be duly approved of and appointed 
 by the First Presbytery of Philadelphia; and also 
 to sell and convey the same." 
 
 Mr. Chestnut lived in the parsonage until his 
 death, July 21, 1775, when he was interred in the 
 grave-yard connected with the church. In 1851 
 the congregation at Blackwood erected a plain 
 tomb-stone over his grave, which has since mark- 
 
 ed his resting-place. His later labors were more 
 successful than the first, and it is said that the whole 
 region was under Presbyterian influence. 
 
 After Mr. Chestnut's death, dark days of adver- 
 sity overtook the church. Most of the male mem- 
 bers left their homes to engage in the patriotic 
 struggle of the Revolution, and no doubt many of 
 them laid dowQ their lives in defense of the glor- 
 ious principles of liberty for which the people 
 fought. 
 
 Dr. Everitt writes: "In 1776 John Brainerd 
 preached on the text : ' Blessed be the Lord, my 
 strength, which teacheth my hands to war and my 
 fingers to fight ! ' He appealed to the people to 
 enlist and fight for their country. His congrega- 
 tion was deeply impressed. Tears flowed freely. 
 Stout hearts and strong wills that day resolved to 
 join the American army. Randal Morgan and 
 his two sons, Lazarus Pine and his sons, John 
 Hedger, David Morgan, Richard Cheeseman and 
 his son all served in the war, and others no doubt 
 enlisted." 
 
 The ministers who occasionally supplied the 
 church from 1775 to 1786 were Messrs. Grier, Ea- 
 kin, Hunter, Greenman, Dufiield and Dr. Sproat, 
 giving the people two or three services on Sab- 
 baths between the semi-annual sessions of Pres- 
 bytery ; and this was all that could be furnished 
 to keep alive the congregation in this place. 
 
 " By the end of the war there was a sad decline in 
 the church. Lazarus Pine, of all the leading men, 
 was alone left to look after its interests. No new 
 members had been received and the church build- 
 ing had become dilapidated. The old church was 
 without windows and doors and served as a play- 
 house for boys by day and a stable for sheep at 
 night. The tavern on the opposiie corner fur- 
 nished, at times, a drunken rabble that held fiend- 
 ish orgies about the holy grouud, and the burial- 
 place of our fathers was rooted over by swine and 
 pastured over by drovers' herds. The communi- 
 ty had sunken to a very low depth of degradation, 
 and drunkenness, rioting, profanity and debasing 
 sports abounded. As an instance of the state of 
 the morals at that time, it is said that a sleighing 
 party was holding a midnight dance at a tavern in 
 the neighborhood, when one of their number fell 
 down dead. His comrades stopped their revels 
 only long enough to remove the corpse to the side 
 of the room and cover it up with a blanket, and 
 then went on with their carousals." 
 
 Mr. Hunter, who also served as a chaplain in 
 the Continental army, preached at Blackwood 
 more frequently than any other supply, continuing 
 until 1797, when he removed from this part of the 
 
THE TOWNSHIP OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 687 
 
 State. In the spring of 1799, Thomas Pioton 
 was called by the foregoing congregations, and 
 was ordained to the ministry June 13th of that 
 year. On the 4th of June, 1801, a meeting of the 
 session of elders was held at Blackwoodtown (the 
 records for the first time calling the church by that 
 name), and church work was again practically 
 begun. Charles Ogden was present as the ruling 
 Elder, having been ordained to that office Novem- 
 ber 20, 1799. He served in that capacity until his 
 death, in 1824. On the 12th of September, that 
 year, Henry Eoe and William Tatum were or- 
 dained elders, the former only serving any length 
 of time. 
 
 Mr. Picton labored in this field until 1804, when, 
 on account of inadequate support, he requested the 
 Presbytery to release him from his charge. The 
 congregation was cited to show cause" why this 
 should not be done, and on November 12th, at an 
 adjourned meeting, the commissioners of the united 
 congregations declared that they were not able to 
 give Mr. Picton the support he deserved, and so 
 were obliged to acquiesce, though with regret, to 
 the dissolution ; whereupon the relation was dis- 
 solved. 
 
 When Mr. Picton came among this people the 
 old church was in a dilapidated condition. The 
 floor was nearly all gone, the door off its hinges 
 and most of the windows out. The seats were 
 slabs placed upon blocks of wood. At recess the 
 children of the school collected in the rickety 
 building to play. In 1801 a new church was built 
 a little in the rear of the present one, which stood 
 until 1848 — a very commodious little church, 
 where much good service was done for the cause of 
 religion. 
 
 For four years the church was dependent on 
 supplies. Rev. Na:thaniel Todd becoming the next 
 pastor, in 1808, continuing until 1815. For several 
 years there was no preaching, and in 1821 the only 
 communicants appear to have been Samuel Pierce, 
 John Goddard and Margaret Goddard, besides 
 Elder Ogden. In this period the pulpit was sup- 
 plied by William Eaflferty, Ira Ingraham and 
 Joseph H. Jones. The latter had a successful 
 ministry, increasing the members to nine by the 
 end of 1824. The following year Rev. Sylvester 
 Scovel took charge of the church and remained a 
 little more than three years. He was not installed 
 pastor, but acted as stated supply. During his 
 ministry twelve were added to the church. In 
 1828, May 3d, Major Peter Cheesman was ordained 
 elder over this church, thus giving it a separate or- 
 ganization from Woodbury, and better preparing 
 it for its great work. Two members died during 
 83 
 
 Mr. Scovel's ministry, one was dismissed to a sister 
 church and one was suspended from the communion. 
 It may be interesting to know the names of the 
 members of the church received before and during 
 Mr. Scovel's ministry. They were Samuel Pierce, 
 John Goddard, Margaret Goddard, Martha Pierce, 
 Elizabeth Dotterer, Rebecca Chew, Sarah Pierce, 
 Eleanor Morgan, Rebecca Pierce, Peter Cheesman, 
 Sarah Cheesman, Sarah Ann Cheesman, Margaret 
 Pierce, Amy Jaggard, Beulah Elkinton Wilkins, 
 Sophia Charles, Elizabeth Morgan, Matilda Ash- 
 ton Jaggard, Hannah Zane, Cynthia Ann Jaggard, 
 Sarah Ann Marshall. 
 
 Mr. Scovel left September 1, 1828, and for a lit- 
 tle more than a year the pulpit was supplied, when 
 Charles Williamson began a pastorate which con- 
 tinued seven years, when it was terminated on ac- 
 count of inadequate support. 
 
 Mr. Randal W. Morgan was elected and ordained 
 elder August 10, 1834, and served the church 
 fourteen years, when he passed to his reward. 
 
 June 18, 1887, Rev. S. D. Blythe received a call 
 from the united churches at a salary of eight hun- 
 dred dollars, — five hundred dollars from Woodbury 
 and three hundred from Blackwoodtown. He com- 
 menced his labors July 4th of that year. Besides 
 preaching regularly on the Sabbath, he taught 
 school during the week, until he failed in health, 
 and was obliged to give up teaching. In 1842, 
 July 6th, herequested his congregation to unite with 
 him in seeking a dissolution ot the pastoral rela- 
 tion, but they were unwilling to part with him, and 
 he remained until his death, June 23, 1843. His 
 labors were greatly blessed, and were the means of 
 establishing firmly the church in this community. 
 Thirty-four members were received by him, fifteen 
 of whom are still with the church. The first year 
 of his ministry Samuel Coles and Jonas Liver- 
 more were elected and ordained elders, October, 
 1837. Mr. Coles served the church nearly six- 
 teen years, up to the time of his death. 
 
 In September, 1839, the total membership of the 
 church was fifty-three. As the membership in- 
 creased in numbers, they began to think of the 
 propriety of having a minister who should give all 
 his time to this field. The interests of the con- 
 gregation seemed to them to require it ; and 
 although not strong in numbers, or in pecuni- 
 ary ability, they finally determined to undertake 
 the work of supporting a minister who should de- 
 vote himself to this particular field. In the spring 
 of 1843 they secured the services of Rev. John 
 Burtt, who continued as their minister until the 
 spring of 1859, — sixteen years, — -when, on account 
 of failing health, he requested the consent of session 
 
688 
 
 HISTOEY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEKSEY. 
 
 to his resignation of his relation as stated supply. 
 His resignation was accepted. During his ministry 
 there were received into the membership of the 
 church seventy persons, of whom twenty-eight are 
 still members. The others, with the exception of 
 one, have died or been dismissed to other churches. 
 Mr. Burtt did good work for the cause here, by his 
 clear, forcible and solid preaching. He gave 
 strength and permanency to the work that had 
 already been begun, and when he left it, it was in 
 a fit condition for the rapid growth and prosperity 
 that took place under his youthful and zealous 
 successor, Eev. B. S. Everitt. In 1848 Mr. Burtt 
 signified to the session his desire to leave, but after 
 due consideration it was thought best that, pro- 
 vided the church should proceed to the erection of 
 a new edifice for public worship, he should continue 
 his labors, and so he agreed to postpone the sub- 
 ject. The work was soon commenced, and the 
 church now in use was erected. 
 
 The people built for his a-e the present com- 
 modious parsonage. 
 
 William Stevenson was elected and ordained 
 elder June 18, 1848 ; Samuel Eckel and Charles 
 Stevenson, March 27, 1852. Mr. Eckel died after 
 a short service of two years. Randal E. Mor- 
 gan was ordained March 26, 1854. 
 
 Rev. B. S. Everitt became pastor of this church 
 in June, 1859, and remained until May, 1864, five 
 \ ears. His ministry was very successful indeed, 
 one hundred and four members having been added 
 to the church, of whom fifty four are still members. 
 The church building became too small for the 
 worshippers, and it was determined either to en- 
 large or build a new house of worship. It was 
 finally resolved to enlarge, and about fourteen feet 
 were added to the building, making it its present 
 size. This was done in 1861. 
 
 In 1861 D. E. Marshall and 0. E. Pierson were 
 elected ruling elders. 
 
 After Mr. Everitt's departure. Rev. Charles Wood 
 was called, August 16, 1864. During his minis- 
 try twenty-two were received, of whom sixteen still 
 remain. Mr. Wood labored very earnestly and zeal- 
 ously. During his and Mr. Everitt's and Mr. 
 Burtt's pastorates the Sunday-school was in a very 
 flourishing condition. 
 
 In February, 1867, Mr. Wood's pastorate was 
 closed, and in March, the same year, the present 
 pastor, the Rev. F. R. Brace, began a successful 
 ministry, which has been continuous to this period. 
 In 1876 Richard B. Stevenson and Samuel N. 
 Chase were added to the session of ruling elders. 
 In 1880 a lecture-room, twenty-four by forty-eight 
 feet, was built in the rear of the chapel, and, in 
 
 1886, the church was renovated at an expense of 
 one thousand dollars. In 1886 there were one hun- 
 dred and sixty-five members, and the moneys raised 
 for all purposes amounted to about one thousand 
 six hundred dollars per year. The church proper- 
 ty was in good condition and was in charge of 
 Trustees Jonas Livermore, Richard B. Stephen- 
 son, Samuel N. Chase, Joseph M, Coles, Ellison 
 Turner, Wm. P. Wilcox and Frank Bateman. 
 
 In the grave-yard the interment of the following 
 aged persons was noted : 
 
 Lazarus Pine, died 1796, aged eighty years. 
 Jonathan Pine, died 1876, aged eighty-six years. 
 James Pine, died 1863. aged eighty-two years. 
 Ann Pine, died 1872, aged eighty-six years. 
 Jonathan Williams, died 1848, aged seventy-two years, 
 'rerhard Wood, died 1879, aged eighty-three years. 
 Mjiry Leek, died 1866, aged eighty years, 
 Joseph Smallwood, died 1870, aged seventy-four years. 
 Diademia Smallwood, aged 1872, aged seventy-three years. 
 Isaacs. Collins, died 1840, aged sixty-six years. 
 Robert Jaggard, died 1844, aged forty-six years. 
 Charles Wilkins died 1836, aged thirty-eight years. 
 
 St. John's Peotestant Episcopal Church,' 
 at Chews Landing, was founded in 1789. Prior to 
 the organization of the parish, that year, the bap- 
 tism of several children, by Episcopal clergymen, 
 is recorded, indicating that meetings may have 
 been held in this locality some time previous to 
 the formation of the church. On the 6th of Sep- 
 tember, 1789, Rev. Levi Heath commenced to 
 hold services regularly, and gathered together the 
 adherents of the Episcopal faith, who organized 
 themselves as a parish of the Protestant Episcopal 
 Church on the 14th day of November, 1789. There 
 being no church building in which to worship, 
 measures were taken at this meeting to secure 
 funds to build a church, and a subscription list 
 was circulated, which was headed by Aaron Chew 
 and Joseph Hall Fleming, After these names 
 many others followed, some of the surnames being 
 still borne in the southern part of the county. 
 
 After matters had somewhat progressed, and a 
 deficiency of means to complete the church had 
 been discovered, another list was prepared, which 
 Aaron Chew took to Philadelphia, October 1, 1791, 
 where he received material encouragement from 
 many of the citizens, which enabled the parish to 
 complete its church. 
 
 The determinatioa to build this church was 
 made at a meeting held December 12, 1789, when 
 it was resolved to build " on the one acre of land 
 that was given by Isaac Jones, of the city of Phil- 
 adelphia, executor to the estate of Samuel Wefh- 
 erill, late of the city of Burlington, deceased, 
 bounded by the lands of Aaron Chew, the said 
 
 1 From data collected by the Rev. William Matthias. 
 
THE TOWNSHIP OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 689 
 
 Isaac Jones and the Landing road from Long-a- 
 Coming to Chews Landing." Another minute in 
 the records follows,— 
 
 "Gloucester township, August 12, 1790. The Protestant Episco- 
 pal Church, formerly known by the name of the Church of Eng- 
 land, wa* raised this day, near the head of Timber Creek, in said 
 township, and was named by some of the contributors present 
 Saint John's Church, after our Lord's beloved disciple. Saint John." 
 
 The church was a frame building, having the 
 general appearance of a two-story dwelling-house, 
 and stood in the burial-ground which was opened 
 on the aforesaid acre of land. It was small and 
 plain, but compared favorably with the other 
 buildings in the neighborhood. 
 
 On the same day the church was raised the first 
 trustees were elected, whose names were John 
 Hider, Eichard Cheeseman, John Thorn, Joseph 
 Hall Fleming, John Marshall, St., Ephraim 
 Cheeseman and Jacob Phifier. But it was deter- 
 mined, May 1, 1791, to discontinue this board of 
 trustees, and elect in their stead two wardens and 
 twelve vestrymen. Accordingly were chosen Jo- 
 seph Hall Fleming and Ephraim Cheeseman as 
 wardens; John Hider, Joseph Hugg, Eichard 
 Cheeseman, John Marshall, Jacob Phifier, Adam 
 Batt, John Sanders, John Thorn, Samuel Harri- 
 son, Jr., Jacob Sickler, George Ott and Jacob 
 Griflith as vestrymen. 
 
 The number of the vestrymen, exclusive of the 
 wardens, was reduced to seven the following year, 
 and, in 1795, no election seems to have taken 
 place at all, Aaron Chew " being appointed to 
 keep the records." In the fall of 1799 two war- 
 dens and seven vestrymen were again chosen, 
 whose election appears to have been the last 
 until March 31, 1826, when a vestry of five mem- 
 bers was chosen. Now occurred elections at ir- 
 regular intervals, and, on the 28th of June, 1847, 
 Eev. Hiram E. Harrold, at that time the minister 
 of the parish, writes, — " The minutes of several a>n- 
 nual meetings not having been recorded at the 
 time, they were mislaid and cannot be found ; this 
 accounts for the interruption of the records." 
 
 The latest of these elections, held April 27, 
 1856, was, it seems, the last one the parish had. 
 Those chosen on this occasion were Josiah B. 
 Sickler and Jacob S. Bendler as wardens ; and Jo- 
 seph J. Smallwood, Joshua Sickler, Edmond 
 Brewer, Samuel P. Chew and Joseph Powell as 
 vestrymen. For a long period, dating back from 
 the present time (1886), the parish has practically 
 had no vestry. 
 
 The first minister of the church was Eev. Levi 
 Heath, who served from September 6, 1789, to 
 June 29, 1794. The parish appears to have been 
 
 without a rector until April, 1825, when Eev. 
 Eobert Hall ministered here for one year. 
 
 After an interval of six years Eev. Simon Wil- 
 mer began his labors in this parish, working in a 
 zealous manner for the promotion of the cause of 
 Christ, continuing until September 22, 1834. 
 From January, 1835, to February 22, 1836, Eev. 
 John Jones served the parish. 
 
 On the 28th of February, 1836, Eev. Hiram E. 
 Harrold became the rector, and continued that 
 relation until 1850. After this no stated services 
 were held for a period of ten years, the church be- 
 ing seldom occupied, except for funerals, and the 
 parish was almost wholly neglected. 
 
 In 1861 a Sabbath-school was organized in the 
 church, which soon numbered a hundred mem- 
 bers, and was attended by a deep interest in 
 religious matters. Soon after. Rev. Joseph F. Gar- ' 
 riaon, rector of St. Paul's Church, Camden, began 
 to hold services, every four weeks, after the close 
 of the Sabbath-school, and continued these meetings 
 ten years, when his poor health admonished him 
 to relinquish this extra work. His labors are still 
 remembered with gratitude, as they were the means 
 of reviving the parish. 
 
 After this ministry Eev. Gustavus M. Murray, 
 rector of the church at Haddonfield, took up the 
 work, also in connection with his other parish 
 labor. His ministry commenced September 1, 
 •1872, and continued ten years.- It was character- 
 ized by an increased interest in church matters, 
 which led to the erection of the present fine build- 
 ing, in 1881. It was built on a lot situated be- 
 tween the old church and the Blackwood turnpike, 
 which was conveyed for this purpose by the heirs 
 of Samuel P. Chew. The corner-stone was laid 
 by Bishop John Scarborough, D.D., assisted by 
 Eector Murray and others, on Sunday, Nov. 14, 1880. 
 
 In a little less than a year the church was ready 
 for consecration, that service being performed 
 Wednesday, November 9, 1881, also by Bishop 
 Scarborough, assisted by Eev. Joseph F. Garrison 
 and other ministers. The church is built of hand- 
 some stone, in the Gothic style of architecture, 
 having dimensions of about thirty by sixty feet. 
 The roof is of slate, and is relieved by a bell gable. 
 The interior is finely finished, the windows being 
 of stained glass. The entire cost was about five 
 thousand dollars, which includes the value of the 
 stone, donated by Edmond Brewer, whose liberality 
 made the erection of such a fine building at this 
 place possible. The stones were procured at Eidley 
 Creek, Pa., and were delivered by Mr. Brewer on the 
 ground, having been brought up the creek, to a 
 point near the old landing, on his scows. 
 
690 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 After the ministry of Mr. Murray closed, in 
 1882, the church had no regular service for a period, 
 but, in 1883, Rev. R G. Moses became the minister, 
 serving only a few months. Then his son, John 
 Moses (now an ordained minister), held lay services 
 several months longer. 
 
 On the Ist of November, 1883, Rev. William 
 Matthias became the rector and the first resident 
 clergymau of the parish. He has since regularly 
 held two services each Sabbath, and also held 
 week-day meetings on i<pecial occasions. Soon 
 after, he took charge of the parish he urged the 
 buildingof a rectory, and began soliciting subscrip- 
 tions to accomplish such a purpose. Richard N. 
 Herring, of Chews Landing, deeded a lot, opposite 
 the church, as a site on which to build the rectory, 
 and work on it was begun in the spring of 1885. 
 It was completed in October, the same year, and is 
 truly a fine residence. Its cost, with the perpetual 
 insurance on it, was twenty -two hundred dollars. 
 This amount having been fully met, an eflTort is 
 now being made by the parish to secure means to 
 purchase a pipe-organ for the church. 
 
 In the cemetery connected with St. John's 
 Church the following interments have been noted : 
 
 Joshua Sickler, died 1883, aged eeventy-seven years. 
 John Hider, died 1847, aged aixty-four years, 
 Sarah Tomlinson, died 1849, aged seTenty-three years. 
 Samuel B. Hunter, died 1845, aged forty -nine years. 
 Abbie Marshall, died 1838, aged sixty-four years. 
 Christopher Sickler, died 1843, aged sixty-nine years. 
 Sarah K. Sickler, died 1857, aged eighty-two years. 
 Aaron Chew, died 1805, aged iifty -four years. 
 Aaron Chew, Jr., died 1822, aged thirty-six years. 
 Kebecca Chew, died 1849, aged fifty-four years. 
 Kobert Brewer, died 1878, aged sixty-five years. 
 John Parker, died 1796, aged thirty-iive years. 
 James Tillier Smith, died 1798. 
 Adam Bendler, died 1857, aged seventy-one years. 
 John C. Lippincott, died 1882, aged sixty years. 
 George Miller, died 1863, aged sixty-four yeai-s. 
 Sarah Miller, died 1879, aged seventy-eight years. 
 Ruth Happer, died 1829, aged seventy years. 
 Sarah Howey, died 1847, aged fifty-seven years. 
 Jacob Sickler, died 1823, aged fifty-six years. 
 Esther Sicklpr, died 1825, aged fifty-two years. 
 JoBiah E. Sickler, died 1876, aged seventy-eight yeara. 
 Joseph Hall Fleming, died 1831, aged seventy years, 
 Susannah Fleming, died 1828, aged eighty-three years. 
 Isaac Hider, died 1824, aged fifty years. 
 Amy Hider, diud 1839, aged sixty-one years. 
 Hannah Ellis, died 1829, aged sixty-three years. 
 • 
 
 A large number of graves are unmarked by 
 headstones, while many others have simple stone 
 slabs to indicate the spot where repose some of the 
 first pioneers of this section. 
 
 The Blackwood Methodist Episcopal 
 Chtjkch.— As early as 1800 the voice of the Meth- 
 odist missionary was heard in this locality. Follow- 
 ing the customs of those times, meetings were held 
 
 in the open air or at the houses of those friendly 
 to the new faith, and no ordinary obstacle pre- 
 vented them from disseminating the truthsof their 
 religion. In some places the people heard them 
 gladly, but at others a vigorous opposition was 
 encountered, which had the effect of intensifying 
 their zeal. Among those who thus labored were 
 the following: 
 
 1801. Thomas Jones. 
 Jesse Justice. 
 
 1802. David Barton. 
 Daniel fligbee, 
 
 1803. Joseph Totten, 
 Joseph Osborn, 
 
 1804. Peter Vannest, 
 John Brown, 
 
 1805. William McLenahan. 
 Benjamin Iliff. 
 
 1806. William Colbert. 
 Thomas Smith. 
 
 1807. .Tames Smith. 
 Thomas Stratton. 
 
 1808. William Mills. 
 Thomas Bndd. 
 
 1809. William Mills. 
 Daniel Ireland. 
 
 1810. Michael Coate. 
 Thomas Dunn. 
 
 Among the early Methodist members were 
 persons belongingto the Brown, Kaighn,Hagerman, 
 Woodrow, Turn er, Pill ing, Pratt and North families, 
 all of whom have left the church militant to join 
 the church triumphant. A small plain meeting- 
 house of wood was built at Blackwood, which was 
 in u-e until the present spacious edifice was 
 erected, in 1856, when the old building was re- 
 moved to become a residence, which is at present 
 the home of Mrs. Pratt. The new structure js a 
 two-story frame building, having three rooms in 
 the basement and a large, fine auditorium, costing, 
 to complete, seven thousand dollars. At the time 
 it was built the board of stewards was composed of 
 William Kaighn, Thomas Pilling, Cornelius 
 Hagerman, David Wood, John Pratt, James D. 
 Turner and Joseph Van Dexter. The minister at 
 that time was the Rev. Joseph Atwood, who super- 
 intended the building. The charge had about one 
 hundred members, and had just taken rank in the 
 Conference as a station, sustaining that relation 
 ever since. The pastors of the church, since its erec- 
 tion as a separate charge, have been the following : 
 
 ISSO. Joseph Atwood. 1870-71. J. H. Stockton. 
 
 1857-68. James White. 1872-73. Joseph Ashbrook. 
 
 1859, Benjamin P. Woolston. 1874. John Fort.i 
 
 1860-61. Samuel Parker. 1876-77. G. H. Tullis. 
 
 1862-63. J. H. Stockton. 1878-80. J. B.Westcott. 
 
 1864. A. Owen. 1881-82. M. C. Stokes. 
 
 1866. a. R. Snyder. 1883-85. J. W. Morris. 
 
 1866-67. Albert Matthews. 1836. D. W. C. Mclntire. 
 1868-69. John S. Phelps. 
 
 During the pastorate of Rev. Phelps the church 
 was cleared of the debt which had been weighing 
 it down ever since it was built, and from that time 
 the congregation has .flourished. In 1886 there 
 are one hundred and eighty-sixmembers, of whom 
 the following were trustees : James Gardner, 
 Samuel Graybury, Richard Morgan, J. W. Rapp, 
 
 1 Died while on this charge. 
 
THE TOWNSHIP OF GLOUCESTEK. 
 
 691 
 
 J. T.Wood, Jamfs Powell, Aaron Van Dexter, E.T. 
 Br -wn and James Jones. A Sunday-school, of one 
 hundred and fifty members, has Theodore Hider 
 as its superintendent. 
 
 The Chews Landing Methodist Episcopal 
 Church.— This church was founded in 1812, when 
 a small meeting-house was built at this place for 
 the accommodation of different denominations who 
 might choose to occupy it. After the lapse of a 
 few years the Methodists were the only ones to 
 continue their meetings, and they only at long 
 intervals, being finally altogether discontinued on 
 account of the removal of members and the death 
 of some who formed the original class. The build- 
 ing became dilapidated and fell into such a state 
 of decay that it became a common sheep-pen and 
 the habitation of birds and bats. In this neglected 
 condition it remained until about sixty years ago, 
 when it was repaired and was again devoted to 
 its original use and purpose. The membership, 
 though small, increased, and a permanent con- 
 gregation was organized, which erected a better 
 house of worship a few years later, and which was 
 used until the present church took its place. It 
 is a plain but not unattractive frame building, 
 upon which work was commenced August 24, 1878, 
 and which was consecrated November 28th, the 
 same year. The church cost, to complete, about 
 fifteen hundred dollars, and is now in good repair. 
 The lot upon which it stands is favorably located, 
 and also comprises a burial-ground. 
 
 The church has been connected with a number 
 of charges, belonging at present to Hedding Cir- 
 cuit, which was formed in March, 1878, and is one 
 of three appointments on that charge. The pas- 
 tors have been, — 
 
 1878-79. J. K. ThompBon. 
 1880-81. John P. Connoley. 
 1882. H. J. Zelley. 
 
 1883. D. D. Fislor. 
 
 1885. T. D. Sleeper. 
 
 1886. J. B. Dare. 
 
 The church at CheWs Landing has a membership 
 of sixty-five, and has, in 1886, the following trus- 
 tees: William Toommy, James Stetser, Moses 
 Batton, William D. Kedrow, Franklin Price, Geo. 
 W. Barrett and James McCulley. 
 
 A Sunday-school of one hundred and ten mem- 
 bers has Mrs. Emily Warthman as its superin- 
 tendent. 
 
 Methodist Photestant Chukch.— On the 
 Berlin turnpike, one and a half miles from Kirk- 
 wood, is a house of worship belonging to the above 
 denomination. It is an unpretentious, small frame 
 building, erected in 1859, on a lot donated for this 
 purpose by Hillman Eowand. The society occu- 
 pying it has a small membership, confined prin- 
 cipally to the Watson and Kowand families. The 
 
 Eev. Timothy Heiss was the first preacher, and 
 the Eev. William Bunch is the present. A well- 
 attended Sunday-school is maintained in the 
 church, which is connected with the church in 
 Winslow in forming a pastoral charge. 
 
 Blackwood Baptist Church.'— The Baptist 
 Church at Blackwood was constituted February 
 23, 1848. No written records have been kept of 
 the influences at work prior to the organization of 
 the church and leading to it, of the securing of a 
 place for meetings or for permanent location. 
 
 From men still living were gleaned the following 
 facts : During the year 1847 Eev. Henry Westcott, 
 a Baptist minister, visited Blackwood, inquiring 
 for members of Baptist Churches, and seeking for 
 an opportunity to preach to them. With the 
 assistance of Joseph V. Edwards, a member of the 
 Haddonfield Baptist Church, he obtained permis- 
 sion to preach in the Methodist Church, and sev- 
 eral services were held there during the year. 
 These meetings tended to stimulate the Baptists 
 scattered about the community, and led them to 
 rally around Mr. Westcott as a leader. Later 
 he obtained permission to preach in what was 
 then known as the Good Intent Church.^ These 
 njeetings were held more or less regularly until 
 the close of the year 1847. By this time a suffi- 
 cient number of Baptists had been gathered 
 together to justify them in uniting to form a 
 church. To further this conviction of duty, articles 
 of failh and a church covenant were adopted, and 
 it was deemed advisable to call a council of neigh- 
 boring Baptist Churches to consider the propriety 
 of organizing a regular Baptist Church at Black- 
 wood. 
 
 In response to the above call, the council met, 
 and, growing out of that meeting, we have the 
 following minute : 
 
 " Blackwoodtown, February 23, 1848. 
 " The friends of Zion met in the meeting-houee at Good Intent 
 for the purpose of constituting a regular Baptist Church, the follow- 
 ing-named pel-sons, who have obtained letters of dismission from 
 their respectiye churches : 
 
 ' Joseph T. Edwards. 
 Thomas T. Firth. 
 Aaronson Ellis. 
 Joseph Charles. 
 John W. Peterson. 
 John Carwin. 
 William Taylor. 
 Edward Jones. 
 Henry Stremme. 
 Thomas Hutchinson. 
 Yeoman Paul. 
 
 Amy Edwards. 
 Emaline Firth. 
 Hannah Ellis. 
 Abigail Charles. 
 Sarah A. Morgan. 
 Mary Carvin. 
 Catharine A. Taylor. 
 Julia P. Parham. 
 Eliza Stremme. 
 Catharine Pine. 
 Elizabeth Paul. 
 
 1 By Eev. James Fielding. 
 
 2 The Good Intent meeting-house had been erected about 1836 on 
 the hill, near the factory, in Gloucester County, by Garrett New- 
 kirk for the accommodation of his workmen. 
 
692 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEESEY. 
 
 Jonaa Cattell. 
 Elizabeth Allen. 
 Sarah Paulin. 
 
 Mary Cattell. 
 Emily H. Wilkina. 
 Eliza Casper." 
 
 The following-named brethren, bearing creden- 
 tials from their respective churches, composed the 
 council of recognition : From Haddonfield, Rev. 
 Wm. H. Brisbane, Deacons Thomas Ellis, Thomas 
 Marshal, D. H. Gault, Isaac Armstrong and A.. 
 McKinzie; from Marlton, Rev. J. M. Challiss, 
 Deacons Charles Kain, Benjamin Kain and Wil- 
 liam Edwards; Woodstown, Rev. John Perry- 
 Hall ; MuUica Hill, Rev. Charles Kain ; Newton, 
 Rev. Charles Sexton. 
 
 The council recommended the above-named 
 brethren and sisters to proceed in the usual way to 
 organize themselves into a church, whereupon it 
 was moved by Thomas T. Firth, and seconded by 
 William Taylor, " that we constitute ourselves a 
 regular Baptist Church, to be known and recog- 
 nized in law as the regular Baptist Church of 
 Blackwoodtown." . 
 
 Ten days' notice having been given, the church 
 met, March 4th, for the transaction of business, 
 when the following officers were elected : Deacons, 
 Joseph V. Edwards, William Taylor; Trustees, 
 Hiram Morgan, Joseph V. Edwards, Jonas Cat- 
 tell, Henry Stremme, Thomas Hutchinson. 
 
 The congregation thus formed did not possess 
 a church-home, and, from lack of means, was un- 
 able to build one. The difficulty was met, how- 
 ever, by friends in the community, who gave 
 them the chapel in which they were worshipping, 
 and a building lot in Blackwoodtown, to which it 
 could be moved. From a deed bearing date of 
 March 10, 1848, were obtained the names of those 
 who gave the building lot and house, viz., Jonas 
 Livermore and wife, Lewis Livermore and wife, 
 John Cooper and wife, John Stokes and wife. 
 Early in the year 1848 the building was moved to 
 its present site. 
 
 At the meeting held on the 4th of March Rev. 
 Henry Westcott was called to the pastorate of the 
 church, which position he filled until March 26, 
 1857. During his labor of nine years the church 
 increased by letter and experience twenty, and by 
 baptism one hundred and one. During this pe. 
 riod, in 1854, the building was enlarged twelve 
 feet and other necessary repairs made. In the 
 same year the church entertained the West New 
 Jersey Baptist Association in its annual meeting. 
 
 While the increase in numbers during this period 
 was encouraging, the decrease was none the less 
 discouraging, for by letters of dismission and by 
 exclusion the number was reduced to eighty-three. 
 There have been other seasons of rapid growth 
 
 and as rapid decline, of light and shadow, of hope 
 and fear, the membership never long remaining 
 above its present number, seventy-nine. Although 
 the church has never been numerically or finan- 
 cally strong, yet its influence for good has been 
 felt throughout a large region of country, leading 
 to a more faithful observance of the New Testa- 
 ment ordinances, and to a recognition of the 
 authority of the Scriptures as once delivered to the 
 saints. 
 
 The following ministers have served as pastors 
 of the church : 
 
 Henry Westcott, from March 12, 1848, to March 26, 1857. 
 Homor Sears, from July 5, 1857, to September 30, 1859. 
 Charles Cox, January 6, 1860, to September 27, 1860. 
 H. J. Thompson, from May, 1861, to August 30, 1862. 
 Asher Cook, from January 1, 1864, to October 1, 1866. 
 Samuel Godahall, from January 12, 1868, to July 25, 1869. 
 E. M. Barker, from January 1, 1871, to April 25, 1872. 
 John D Flansburgh, from March, 1873, to September 26, 1879. 
 The present pastor, James Fielding, began his labors with the 
 church January 25, 1880. 
 
 The membership has been as follows : Constitu- 
 ent, 28 ; by baptism, 199 ; by letter and experience, 
 73 ; total, 300 ; present membership, 79. 
 
 The officers at present are : 
 
 Pastor, James Fielding ; Deacons, Joseph T. Edwards (who served 
 from the beginning), Isaac Brown, Isaac Cramer, Reuben L. 
 Edwards ; Trustees, Balph Hider, Edward Scott, Isaac Brown, 
 Isaac Cramer, Reuben L. Edwards, Seiah 0. Prickitt Joshua Scott; 
 Clerk, Charles R. Bee ; Treasurer, Joshua Scott. 
 
 SOCIETIES. 
 
 Independent Lodge, No. 64, 1. O. O. F., is the 
 oldest of the secret orders now maintained at 
 Blackwood. It was instituted August 5, 1847, and 
 had as its first principal officers Samuel G. Rich- 
 ards, N. G. ; Justice Hedger, V. G. ; Martin S. 
 Synnott, Sec. ; James R. Driver, Treas. 
 
 The first meetings were held in the Temperance 
 Hall, but in 1852 Odd-Fellows' Hall was erected, 
 at a cost of nearly three thousand dollars. It is a 
 three-story frame building, the lower stories form- 
 ing living rooms. The hall is neatly furnished, 
 and is also used for lodge purposes by the other 
 orders of the village. This lodge had, in I8861 
 eighty members, and the following officers: Frank 
 P. Williams, N. G. ; George W. Barrett, V. G. ; 
 William B. Settle, Rec. Sec; Joseph E. Hurff, 
 Fin. Sec. ; Thomas J. Wentz, Treas. ; Edward P. 
 Brown, Thomas G. Zane, John H. Magee, Edgar 
 J. Coles, Thomas J. Wentz, Trustees. 
 
 Minerva Lodge, No. 25, K. of P. — This body 
 was instituted July 19, 1869, with the following- 
 named charter members : Charles H. Le Fevre, 
 Thomas Andrews, John Houseman, Thomas 
 Knight, Samuel W. Lamb, Henry Beckley, Wil- 
 liam Mills, Charles Barrett and Samuel Jaygard. 
 
THE TOWNSHIP OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 693 
 
 The lodge has sixty members, and its officers are 
 J. S. North, C. 0. ; F. P. Williams, V. C. ; Charles 
 Alexander, K. of E. and S. ; Benjamin Eudderow, 
 M. of F. 
 
 Blackwood Gkange, No. 9, P. of H., held its 
 first meeting under a dispensation of the Grand 
 Grange, March 25, 1875. It was soon after fully 
 chartered, and has continued its meetings with 
 varying interest ever since, being at present in a 
 flourishing condition. There are fifty members 
 and the following principal officers : John M- 
 Steser, Master ; Theodore Hider, Sec. ; Samuel 
 Batten, Treas. ; John H. Magee, E. J. Coles, I. 
 W. Eapp, Trustees. 
 
 MoNiN Castle, No. 6, K. of M. C, was the most 
 recently organized of the lodges at Blackwood, 
 being instituted September 26, 1888. Its member- 
 ship from the beginning was large, fifty-five per- 
 sons sustaining the relation of charter members. 
 The roll has been swelled until nearly one hundred 
 belong at present. The principal officers were : 
 Trustees, E. T. Brown, J. E. Hurfi', Samuel C. 
 Settle ; S. K. P. C, Henry Cummings ; S. K. O., 
 Joseph S. Stewart; S. K. V- C, Samuel C. Battle; 
 Eecording Secretary, Samuel Pine ; Financial Sec- 
 retary, William Williams ; Treasurer, Benjamin 
 
 Williams. 
 
 Some time about 1845 a vigorous division of the 
 Sons of Temperance had an existence in the vil- 
 lage, holding its meetings in the second story of 
 
 the Temperance Hotel. In 1852 the order built a 
 
 hall of its own and occupied it about two years, 
 when a waning interest caused the organization to 
 disband. This hall is now part of the E. J. Cole's 
 store-stand. Since that time other temperance or- 
 ganizations have been established, and a well-sup- 
 ported lodge of Good Templars is at present main- 
 tained. These organizations have been promotive 
 of much good in creating a healthy sentiment in 
 favor of the principles of temperance. 
 education. 
 
 One of the most liberal patrons of popular edu- 
 cation was Joseph Sloan. In the last century he 
 bequeathed one hundred pounds to the township of 
 Gloucester, " to be put in the care of such trustees 
 as may from time to time, by plurality of voices, be 
 chosen at the annual town-meeting, to have the care 
 of the same ; the interest of which the said trustees 
 shall yearly lay out on books treating on religious 
 morality, arithmetic or the mathematics, to be be- 
 stowed at their discretion on youths likely to im- 
 prove thereby ; and if any overplus be, to lay the 
 same out in schooling poor children without dis- 
 tinction. And at the expiration of five hundred 
 years, said township may, by plurality of voices, 
 appropriate said one hundred pounds any way for 
 the use of the poor." 
 
 This fund had in some way become impaired, 
 but was lately restored to its original amount by 
 the township authorities, and the yearly income of 
 the four hundred dollars invested is devoted to the 
 purchase of school-books for needy children. 
 
THE TOWNSHIP OF WINSLOW. 
 
 CHAPTER XV. 
 
 character of the Township — Set off from Gloucester — List of Offl- 
 cers — Villages of Sicklerville, Williainstown Junction, Wilton, 
 Tanshoro', Cedar Brook, Braddock, Blue Anchor, Ancora, Elm, 
 Winslow Junction and Winslow — Glasa Works — Societies — 
 Fi-iends' Meetings and Churches. 
 
 This township is situated in the extreme south- 
 eastern part of the county. It was formed in 1845, 
 and obtained its name from Winslow village, at 
 that time its most important settlement. On its 
 north is Waterford township; on the east and 
 southeast, Atlantic Oounty ; south and southwest, 
 Monroe township, in Gloucester County, from 
 which it is separated by Four- Mile Run and Great 
 Egg Harbor River ; and on the west and north is 
 the present township of Gloucester. The general 
 surface is level, the soil being chiefly sandy or 
 sandy loam. Along the water-courses the surface 
 is depressed, partaking of the nature of swampsi 
 having as its timber growth cedar-trees. In other 
 parts are large pine forests or growths of deciduous 
 trees, which afford a valuable timber supply. 
 About one-fourth of the area only has been cleared 
 for cultivation, though much of the larger tim- 
 ber has been removed. The soil on the low lands 
 is fairly fertile, and appears to be well adapted for 
 fruit- culture, which has become the principal oc- 
 cupation of the inhabitants. In the northwestern 
 part, near Williamstown Junction, are valuable 
 deposits of clay for potters' use, and in many parts 
 may be found sand superior for glass-making. 
 The drainage is afforded by the Egg Harbor Riv- 
 ers and their affluent streams, whose flow through 
 the township is generally sluggish. The township 
 offered few attractions to the pioneer settler, and 
 the improvements made by those who ventured into 
 these remote regions were in no wise noteworthy. 
 A colony of Friends settled in the western part 
 before the Revolution, prominent among them be- 
 694 
 
 ing William Norcross. His son Job was born in 
 the township and raised a large family, from which 
 have descended the Norcrosses of this part of the 
 county. Joshua Duble and John Kellum lived in 
 the same neighborhood, the former leaving de- 
 scendants who are prominent in the affairs of the 
 township. Benjamin Thackara lived in the New 
 Freedom neighborhood, and Joshua Peacock nearer 
 Tansboro'. He was the father of William and 
 Joseph Peacock, both of whom reared large fam- 
 ilies. George Sloan lived near New Hopewell, 
 and the Cains and McLains in the neighborhood 
 of Long-a-Coming. Among other early settlers 
 were Brittain Bishop, Benjamin Watson, Robert 
 Mattox, Oliver Beebe, Charles Camel, Joel Bodine, 
 John Rogers, Samuel Scull, Philip White, Eli 
 Nield, Jonathan Fowler, Moses Githens, Enos 
 Sharp and Isaiah Whitcraft. After the building 
 of the Camden and Atlantic Railroad, in 1856, the 
 country was developed more rapidly, and, with the 
 building of new lines, other settlements were 
 opened in localities which had before been too re- 
 mote from places of business to make the cultiva- 
 tion of the soil profitable. Some lauds were loca- 
 ted early, but being held in large tracts, were not 
 improved until recent years. 
 
 The first tract of cedar swamp lands located in 
 the township became the property of Daniel Hill- 
 man and Joseph Lowe in 1726. It lay on the 
 Great Egg Harbor River, south of the Blue 
 Anchor tract, where, tradition says, the Indian 
 trail crossed the swamp. For a long time it was 
 the only trail in that part of the township, and 
 was consequently frequently used. On the east 
 side stood an Indian wigwam, where travelers were 
 entertained before the settlements of the whites, 
 and where such as passed from one part of the 
 State to the other might lodge in the home of the 
 dusky landlord. The pathway, though narrow, 
 
THE TOWNSHIP OF WINSLOW. 
 
 695 
 
 crossed a small island in its course and was almost 
 in a straight line. For many years the remains of 
 an old foot-bridge could be seen at the island. 
 After the timber began to be used, part of this old 
 trail became a wagon-road, and, in general, the 
 early roads had the same course or followed the 
 Indian trails. In the course of time the above 
 Indian trail was abandoned and a new one made 
 about two miles down the river, where formerly 
 stood John Inskeep's old saw-mill. In 1762 this 
 crossing is spoken of as a public ford and was 
 much used by both the whites and the Indians as 
 long as they remained in this country. The Indians 
 had large villages at Shamong, in Burlington 
 County, and Tuckahoe, in Cape May County, and 
 this was a central point, where they would camp 
 overnight as they passed from village to village. 
 They always camped in the open air, without 
 regard to season, and resumed their travels before 
 the rising of the sun. 
 
 Civil Organization.— Winslow was erected 
 by an act of the Legislature, March 8, 1845, out of 
 Gloucester township, with the following bounds : 
 Beginning at the middle of Egg Harbor Eiver 
 where the Camden and Atlantic County line crosses 
 the river; along the line of Atlantic County to the 
 corner of Waterford township, along the Water- 
 ford line, passing through Long-a-Coming to the 
 public road leading therefrom to the Cross Keys 
 tavern in Washington township ; thence along the 
 Washington line to the head of Four-Mile Branch 
 to Washington township corner ; thence down 
 Four-Mile Branch to the main branch of Great 
 Egg Harbor River; thence down the same to 
 the place of beginning. By these bounds 
 a part of the village of Long-a-Coming (now Ber- 
 lin) was in Winslow, the other parts being in the 
 adjoining townships, but by legislative enactment, 
 March 23, 1859, the bounds were modified so as to 
 place all of that village in the township of Water- 
 ford. The act provided that "all that part of the 
 township of Winslow and Gloucester lying north- 
 erly and northwesterly of a line commencing on 
 the present Waterford township line so as to inter- 
 sect the most eastwardly line of Samuel Shreve's 
 land; thence along said line between Samuel 
 Shreve's and James McLain's homestead until it 
 intersects Tinkers Branch ; thence to where it inter- 
 sects the New Freedom and Clemen ton roads; 
 thence along the southwesterly side of and includ- 
 ing said road ; thence in a direct course by the way 
 of and including Joseph S. Bead's brick-yard to 
 the line between Waterford and Gloucester town- 
 ships and including parts of Winslow and Glou- 
 cester townships, be and the same is hereby set off 
 84 
 
 from the said townships of Winslow and Gloucester 
 and attached to and made a part of said township 
 of Waterford." 
 
 The act forming Winslow township provided 
 that the first election should be held at the inn 
 of Josiah Albertson (Blue Anchor), and the next 
 township meeting of Gloucester was to be held at 
 the Red Lion Inn of William Middleton, at 
 Clementon. The committee to divide the township 
 funds and to pro-rate the taxes for the ensuing 
 year held its meeting at the house of Jacob Leach, 
 at Berlin. 
 
 The records of the township indicate the elec- 
 tion of the following officers in the years prefixed 
 to their names : 
 
 Glerhn. 
 
 1845. Wm. E. Jolinaon. 
 
 1846. Elijah Burdaall. 
 1847-48. Joshua Duble. 
 1849-51. Thomas Melouy. 
 1852-53, George M. Mapea. 
 1854. M. R. Simmernian. 
 1855-56. Richard J. Mapea. 
 
 1857. M. S. Peacock. 
 1868-60. John B. Duble. 
 1861-70. Moatgomery Reading. 
 1871-72. John Little. 
 1873-83. Edward Baker. 
 1S8J. Levi C. Phifer. 
 1884. Robert F. McDougall. 
 1885-86. M. R. Simmerman. 
 
 AsiessoTS. 
 1845-43. Chas. H. French. 1853. Thomas Sleloay. 
 
 1849-50. Edwin Woolf. 1830-58. John Wright. 
 
 1851. Wm. B. Johnson. 1859-64. Wm. T. Sickler. 
 
 1852. Thomas Melouy. 1885-81. John R Duble. 
 1863-64. John CarroU. 1882. Edward Burdaall. 
 
 1883-80. Michael G. Burdsall. 
 
 CollectorB. 
 
 1845-48. James Dill. 
 1849-50. Peter C. Ross. 
 1851. Montgomery Reading. 
 1852-55. Samuel Norcross. 
 1866-64. Jacob Sailer. 
 
 1865-73. Montgomery Reading. 
 1874. John R. Duble. 
 1875-79. Montgomery Beading. 
 1880-82. Conkling Mayhew. 
 1883-«6. Jacob Sickler. 
 
 The justices of the peace since the organization 
 of the township have been, — ■ 
 
 Wm. Peacock. 
 Wm. T. Sickler. 
 Joseph N. Garten. 
 Wm. Shreve. 
 John Cain. 
 Wm. R. Myers. 
 Henry M. Jewett. 
 
 Chaa. H. French. 
 Joel Murphy. 
 Samuel Burdsall. 
 W. G. Wilson. 
 Joshua Duble. 
 Isaac S. Peacock. 
 Thomas Austin. 
 
 Christian Heventhal. 
 
 Elijah Burdsall. 
 Wm. Bishop. 
 Paul H. Sickler. 
 John Marshall. 
 Sidney Woods. 
 Abner Gurney. 
 Isiac S. Peacock. 
 George Blatherwick. 
 
 SiCKLERViLLE is a Station and hamlet on the 
 Williamstown Branch of the Philadelphia and 
 Atlantic City Railroad. It derived its name from 
 John Sickler, who settled in this locality at an early 
 period, rearing three sons, who also improved 
 farms at this point. Other early settlers were John 
 Jacob and George Ware, from which circumstance 
 the place was sometimes called, Waretown. The 
 present name became permanent when the post- 
 office was established twelve years ago. Paul H. . 
 Sickler was appointed postmaster, keeping the 
 office since, at his store, which was opened in 1865, 
 the first in the place. At the railroad station 
 
696 
 
 HISTOEY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEESEY. 
 
 Jacob Sickler has been in trade since 1880, and 
 near the hamlet James K. P. Lessly has merchan- 
 dised the past eight years. Sicklerville contains a 
 Methodist Episcopal Church, and, in addition to 
 the above interests, has about ten residences. 
 
 WiLLiAMSTOWN Junction is at the intersection 
 of the Branch road with the main line of the Phila- 
 delphia and Atlantic City Eailroad, and is note- 
 worthy solely on that account. A neat station build- 
 ing has been erected. Near this place are the small 
 hamlets of New Freedom and Conradsville. The 
 former has no interest aside from its church and 
 the old grave-yard, but at the latter terra-cotta 
 works were formerly, carried on quite extensively 
 by James M. Oonrad. The clay of this locality is 
 superior for ware of this nature, and some fine 
 work was produced, including earthen lawn figures. 
 The works have been out of fire nine years. 
 
 Wilton is the third station on the Branch road 
 in the township, and is almost midway between 
 Atco and Williamstown Junction. The railroad 
 company has provided neat station buildings, and 
 offers shipping facilities, which should commend 
 this point to the fruit-growers and manufacturers. 
 The principal features of the place are the glass- 
 works, which were established about 1848 by an 
 association composed of Samuel Norcross, Joseph 
 Heritage, William Peacock, Benjamin Y. Thack- 
 ara, Lester Gager, Matthias Simmerman andothers_ 
 Norcross & Heritage had the general manage- 
 ment of the business, which was suspended after a 
 few years, but was again resumed by Samuel and 
 Uriah Norcross. About 1856 the works were 
 leased by J. L. Mason, of New York, and operated 
 in the manufacture of his patent fruit-jars. Then 
 came a season of inactivity, but, about 1862, Joel 
 Bodine and Charles Adams took charge of the 
 works and carried on business some ten years. 
 They were last operated by Prank Bodine, but have 
 been out of blast since July, 1885. Hollow-ware 
 only was manufactured, and when in full operation 
 about one hundred persons were employed. Most 
 of these lived in the immediate neighborhood, 
 which caused this place to assume the appearance 
 of a village. In 1886 there were three dozen houses, 
 two-thirds belonging to the glass-works property. 
 Many are at present unoccupied. One-half a mile 
 from this place, on the Berlin and Blue Anchor 
 road, is the old hamlet of 
 
 Tansboeo'.— The relation of the two hamlets is 
 so close that they are practically one, and before 
 Wilton became a station on the railroad the 
 glass-works were regarded as being a part of Tans- 
 boro'. The latter is an old point, a settlement 
 having been formed here soon after 1800, and one 
 
 of the first industries was a tannery, from which 
 circumstance the name was derived. Among those 
 first in this locality were Elijah Burdsall, James 
 McLain, John Hughes, Gilbert Kellum, John 
 Cain, Cyrus and Cornelius Tice. The latter started 
 the tannery, nearly opposite the tavern, and for a 
 number of years it was carried on by Josiah Venable. 
 John Cain and Montgomery Beading were later 
 tanners. There were but half a dozen vats and it 
 was discontinued about thirty years ago. Cornelius 
 Tice was one of the first keepers of the public- 
 house, which has been enlarged by subsequent 
 landlords. Among these were James Campbell, 
 William Norcross, William Marshall and the pres- 
 ent John Sharp. In former times it was much 
 patronized. James Cain had one of the first stores, 
 occupying the building where William T. Sickler has 
 been in trade the past twenty-one years. Here is 
 kept the Wilton post-ofl5ce, in charge of Christian 
 Heventhal since October, 1885, when it was re- 
 moved to Tansboro'. The original Tansboro' post- 
 office, of which Isaac S. Peacock was the first post- 
 master, was discontinued about the beginning of 
 the Civil War, and when it was re-established 
 took the name of Wilton, Frank Bodine being the 
 postmaster. Another business stand was estab- 
 lished at Tansboro' by John Carroll, which was 
 enlarged by his successors. Here Joseph N. Gar- 
 ton has been in trade a number of years. The 
 upper story of this building forms a hall in which 
 the glass-blowers held their society meetings. 
 Here, also, is the home of " Wilton Lodge, No. 6, 
 Independent Order of American Mechanics," 
 which was instituted February 27, 1864, with 
 twenty-five members. The lodge has been very 
 prosperous, having at present one hundred and 
 forty members. November 19, 1884, the lodge was 
 incorporated with the following trustees : Albert 
 E. Eowand, Charles M. Brown, Warren E. Garton 
 and Christian Heventhal. The same room is oc- 
 cupied by the Ladies' Masonic Link, a beneficial 
 society, having forty members. A Baptist Church 
 atthis place has been abandoned, but a Methodist 
 Church is still maintained. There are also a few 
 mechanic-shops and about twenty residences. 
 
 Cedab Bkook, on the main line of the Phila- 
 adelphia and Atlantic City EailrOad, is the name of 
 a new hamlet containing a store kept by John E. 
 Duble, several shops, a Methodist Protestant 
 Church and half a dozen dwellings. It is an im- 
 portant water-station on the railroad, the supply 
 being obtained from the stream which was long 
 known as Pump Branch of Little Egg Harbor 
 Eiver. 
 
 Beaddock is the name of the next statioA south- 
 
THE TOWNSHIP OF WINSLOW. 
 
 697 
 
 ward, and is in tlie locality of Bates' mill, whicli 
 was for many years one of the old landmarks in 
 this section. After the original owner, Thomas 
 Cole, the mill was successively held in partnership 
 hy Aaron Chew, Josiah Albertson, Benjamin Bates, 
 John Albertson, Beaoni Bates and others, but now 
 belongs to William S. Braddock, who has con- 
 verted a large portion of the pond into a cran- 
 berry marsh. On the high lands, near the station, 
 many small fruit farms are being opened. 
 
 Blue Anchor, the station beyond Braddock, 
 takes its name from the old Blue Anchor tavern, 
 half a mile from the railroad. The land upon 
 which this old landmark stands was located in 
 1737 by Abraham Bickley, a distiller of Philadel- 
 phia. The old house stood upon the Indian trail, 
 leading from the sea coast to the Delaware, which 
 was much traveled a hundred years ago, after the 
 old trail farther south was abandoned. As early as 
 1740 John Hider was the landlord, dispensing good 
 chegr in a cabin built of cedar logs. Eight years 
 later John Briant occupied the house. In 1762 
 Robert Mattox became the owner of this property 
 and a large tract of land adjoining, living here many 
 years. His daughter Elizabeth married Josiah 
 Albertson, who took possession about 1812, and 
 built the present house, which was kept by him 
 until after the railroad was finished, when 
 travel was diverted and the place lost its import- 
 ance. He also built a store-house, where his son- 
 in-law, John C. Shreve, engaged in merchandiz- > 
 ing and made other improvements which caused 
 this to become a central point. Here people from 
 every part of the county could be seen, almost any 
 day, intent either upon hunting or on business con- 
 nected with the immense lumber regions of that 
 section. " It was a celebrated resort for trav- 
 elers, who delighted to stop at this old hostlery, 
 where bountiful meals and clean beds were aiforded, 
 and where a quiet night might be spent without 
 fear of the clamor arising from much drinking." 
 It was, also, a central point for stages run- 
 ning between Philadelphia and Atlantic County. 
 After Albertson's retirement, Uziel Bareford was 
 the landlord, and was followed by John R. Duble. 
 Since 1878 John Inskeep Brick has carried on the 
 interests at this place, having both the store and 
 the tavern. Being centrally located, the town- 
 meetings, and elections of Winslow township are 
 here held. 
 
 Blue Anchor was selected a number of years 
 ago by Dr. John Haskell and others as the seat of 
 a Spiritualistic community, and with the purpose 
 of building up a village after the pattern of Vine- 
 land. 'About twenty-five families located lands. 
 
 in small tracts, upon which a number of houses 
 were built, but the death of Dr. John Haskell and 
 the disagreement among the members as to the 
 true policy of the community, had a depressing 
 efiect upon its prospects. Many removed, and 
 those remaining failed to carry out the original 
 purpose. Lately a number of improvements have 
 been made, and, as the land is rich and favorably 
 located, a thriving settlement may soon be estab- 
 lished. 
 
 Winslow Junction and Rosedale are on the same 
 line of railway, southeast from Blue Anchor, but 
 have no interests of importance. A few miles from 
 the former place, on the Camden and Atlantic 
 Railroad, is the station of 
 
 Ancoea. — The settlement is new, and hardly 
 assumes the appearance of a village. Fruit-cul- 
 ture is the principal occupation. 
 
 In the southwestern part of the township, on the 
 Great Egg Harbor River, is an old landmark, 
 widely known as Inskeep's Mill. It was erected 
 prior to 1762, when John Inskeep made a survey 
 at this point, wherein which the location of the 
 mill is noted. Inskeep lived at Marlton, Bur- 
 lington County, but owned a large tract of land on 
 Great Egg Harbor River, and on account of the 
 fine timber growing in that locality, made the cut- 
 ting of the same at his saw-mill profitable. On the 
 adjoining hill he had a deer park, fenced with rails, 
 and so high that the animals inclosed seldom es- 
 caped. The park contained about fifty acres, and it 
 was not intended to confine the animals for a hunt, 
 but simply to have in readiness a fat buck should 
 the owner want one when the teams were returning 
 home with lumber. They were generally secured 
 by stealth at night, a torch-light being used to 
 lure them. As Inskeep's mill was the only place 
 where the river could be forded, hence a trail 
 from the Atlantic to Burlington County passed that 
 way and was much used by both whites and Indians. 
 The mill has been abandoned and the property 
 owned by the Hay estate. Northwest from this 
 place E. A. Russell erected a steam grist-mill 
 in 1882, which was destroyed by fire the same 
 year. It was immediately rebuilt by him and has 
 since been in operation. 
 
 In the northern part of the township is the old 
 Spring Garden tavern-stand, so long kept by David 
 Albertson family, and after his death by his wife, 
 Rebecca. In the days of travel by wagon the place 
 had considerable prominence, but has long since 
 been abandoned as a hotel. 
 
 On the Atlantic County line, about two miles 
 from Winslow Junction, is the hamlet of 
 
 Elm. — It is a station on the New Jersey South- 
 
698 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 ern Railroad, and contains a post-ofiSce, a store, 
 school-house, Methodist Church and the homes of 
 about forty families. Most of these find occupa- 
 tion in fruit culture. The hamlet is new, but has 
 had an active growth since its existence. 
 
 WiNSLOW Junction is eligibly located, at the 
 crossing of the New Jersey Southeru Railroad and 
 the Caoiden and Atlantic and the Philadelphia and 
 Atlantic City Railways, whose tracks, at this point, 
 run parallel to each other. No improvements be- 
 yond the erection of the station building have 
 been made, as the real estate has not been avail- 
 able for settlement until within the past year. 
 The Hay estate has recently surveyed some of the 
 adjoining lands into lots, which makes it possi- 
 ble to utilize the advantages which this location 
 offers for residence and manufacturing purposes. 
 
 WiNSLOW. — This is the largest village in the 
 township, having a population of about five hun- 
 dred. It has a station on the Camden and Atlantic 
 Railroal and on the New Jersey Southern Rail- 
 road, a mile from ihe junction of the two. The 
 location is pleasant, but as the place was founded 
 for a manufacturing village, and is wholly devoted 
 to the glass-works there carried on, it has never 
 become important as a trading point. The entire 
 village, and hundreds of acres surrounding it, con- 
 sisting of a highly cultivated farm ; and forests in 
 their primeval condition, are the property of the 
 children of Andrew K. Hay deceased, successor to 
 William Coffin, Sr., who originated these enter- 
 prises. He was the proprietor of the Hammonton 
 Glass-Works, but, in 1831, began the improvements 
 from which have sprung the extensive Winslow 
 Glass-Works. At that time the site was a dense 
 forest, and his son William Coffin, Jr., afterward 
 proprietor of the works and the first man to fell a 
 tree to make a clearing on which to build the 
 works and the village connected with it. He 
 named the place Winslow, in compliment to his 
 youngest son, Edward Winslow Coffin, and when 
 the township was formed, fourteen years later, this 
 name was also adopted. The elder Coffin associ- 
 ated his eldest son, William, with him, and busi- 
 ness was transacted as William Coffin, Jr., & Co. 
 In 1833 the senior William Coffin retired, and a 
 brother-in-law of William Coffin, Jr., Thomas J. 
 Perce became a member of the firm, which now 
 was Coffin & Perce. This relation continued until 
 the death of the latter, in 1835, when William 
 Coffin, Jr., became the sole owner of the Winslow 
 works. He operated them himself until 1838, 
 when he sold a half interest to another brother-in- 
 law, Andrew K. Hay, the firm becoming Coffin, 
 & Hay. Mr. Hay was a practical glass-maker. 
 
 and also interested in the Hammonton works, 
 where he was the partner of another brother- 
 in-law, Bodine Coffin. At Winslow the works 
 were carried on by the two partners some time, 
 when a third partner was admitted to the firm 
 in the person of Tristram Bowdle. The old co- 
 partnership of Coffin, Hay & Bowdle continued 
 until 1847, when William Coffin, Jr., sold his 
 interest to Edward Winslow Coffin and John B. 
 Hay, and the firm became Hay, Bowdle & Co. lu 
 1850 Tristram Bowdle retired from the business, 
 and, a year later, E. W. Coffin sold his interest to 
 Andrew K. Hay, who, with his nephew, John B. 
 Hay, now became the sole owners of the property. 
 They at once began extending their business, mak- 
 ing extensive improvements in the works and build- 
 ing up the village. In 1852 an artesian well was 
 driven to the depth of three hundred and fifteen 
 feet to obtain a supply of water for the steam grist- 
 mill, which established the geological fact that 
 the green sand marl formation which crops out at 
 Kirkwood is here found one hundred and fifty feet 
 below the surface. Andrew K. Hay continued at 
 the head of the business until his death, February 
 17, 1881, at the age of seventy-two years. He was 
 a native of Massachusetts, of Scotch parentage, 
 and was distinguished for his enterprise and correct 
 business habits. John B. Hay and the heirs of 
 Andrew K. Hay carried on the works until 1884, 
 when John B. Hay withdrew, since which time 
 they have been operated under a lease by Tillyer 
 Bros., Philadelphia. The manufacturing interests 
 consist of a large steam grist and saw-mill, two 
 ■ large window-glass factories, a hollow-ware fac- 
 tory, a large store and about one hundred tene- 
 ments. Several hundred men and boys are em- 
 ployed, many of the operatives having been con- 
 nected with the works for a long term of years. 
 The works have good Shipping facilities, and the 
 quality of glass here produced is superior. A post- 
 office is maintained in the store of the company, 
 and the village has a public hall, a Roman Catho- 
 lic Chapel and a Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 
 William Coffin, Jr., was born in Philadelphia, 
 Pa., February 29, 1801. His ancestry is notable 
 in both the paternal and maternal lines. His 
 father, William Coffin, was a direct descendant 
 from Tristram Coffin, who settled in Massachusetts 
 as early as 1642, and the family has been conspic- 
 uous in the New England States to the present 
 time. The oldest traceable ancestor came from 
 Normandy with William the Conqueror into Eng- 
 land, and was the recipient of a landed estate from 
 his commander for valuable services rendered. 
 
 His mother, Ann Bodine (a daughter -of Joel 
 
THE TOWNSHIP OF WINSLOW. 
 
 699 
 
 Bodine), was a descendant of one of the French 
 Huguenot families— banished for their religious 
 views, and who came to America and infused the 
 best blood of their native land into the veins of 
 many prominent citizens. 
 
 William Coffin, the grandfather, came into New 
 Jersey in 1768, settling in Burlington County, and 
 died about the beginning of the Kevolutionary 
 War. When William, Jr. (and the fifth of the 
 name in direct succession), was about one year 
 old his parents removed from Philadelphia into 
 Gloucester County, New Jersey, and settled at 
 New Freedom, about three miles south of Long- 
 a-Coming (Berlin). This was a settlement of 
 Friends, where a meeting-house then stood, and 
 where a burial-place is still maintained. Remain- 
 ing here but a short time, they removed to the 
 "Sailor Boy" tavern, which was at that time, and 
 remained for many years after, one of the principal 
 stopping-places for travelers in going from the 
 " Shore" to Philadelphia. 
 
 This hostelry stood by the main stage road, 
 nearly midway between the Delaware River and 
 the ocean, in the midst of the pine forests, and 
 where the several highways going "up shore" and 
 " down shore " left the main road to Absecom ; 
 hence travelers were frequent and business plenty. 
 In 1803 John R. Coates became the owner of 
 several tracts of land in the middle part of what 
 was then Gloucester County, and erected a saw- 
 mill on one of the branches of Mullicas River that 
 passed through it. William Coffin attended to the 
 building of the dam and mill and a few dwellings, 
 one of which he occupied. He named the place 
 Hammonton in remembrance of his son, John 
 Hammond. In 1814 he purchased the land, and in 
 1819 conveyed one-half to Jonathan Haines, and 
 they at once began the erection of a glass factory. 
 Here began the business education of William 
 Coffin, Jr. By means of the country schoolmaster, 
 and through the aid of his father, he had acquired 
 some knowledge of figures and writing, which were 
 rapidly improved by his varied employments about 
 the factory. As clerk in the store, the buyer of 
 goods in Philadelphia and general accountant 
 among the workmen, he improved his business 
 methods and became the more useful to his father. 
 In 1823 he was made partner and so continued 
 for five years, when he, with three other persons, 
 under the name of Coffin, Pearsall & Co., estab- 
 lished a glass-works at Millville, in Cumberland 
 County, N. J. There he remained for two years, 
 when he returned to Hammonton and again became 
 a partner there. 
 
 In 1829 William Coffin, Sr., purchased several 
 
 adjoining tracts of timber land lying about six 
 miles northwest from Hammonton, in Camden 
 County, and, with William, Jr., and his son-in-law, 
 T. Jefferson Perce, erected a glass factory within 
 the land of the same. This was called Winslow, 
 for his youngest son, who bears the honored name 
 of one of the foremost men of New England in 
 colonial times. In 1834 the title to the land was 
 conveyed to the two last-named persons, who con- 
 tinued the business until 1837, when T. J. Perce 
 died, and William Coffin, Jr , became sole owner. 
 The next year Andrew K. Hay, another son-in- 
 law, became part owner of Winslow, and in 1847 
 William Coffin, Jr., retired from the business by 
 conveying his remaining interest to Tristram 
 Bowdell, Edward W. Coffin and John B. Hay. 
 For twenty-eight years, it will be seen, he was ac- 
 tively engaged in the manufacture of glass, in the 
 beginning but little understood, and dependent on 
 foreign operatives. With characteristic energy he 
 kept pace with every improvement, and was a firm 
 adherent to the favorite policy of Henry Clay in 
 the protection of home manufactures. He cer- 
 tainly exemplified it in the development of that 
 particular industry, the benefits of which, in that 
 section of country, can be traced to his foresight 
 and liberality. 
 
 Although William Coffin, Jr., retired with an 
 ample fortune, yet he soon entered into a new 
 enterprise. He associated himself with Professor 
 J. C. Booth, of Philadelphia, in the experiment of 
 refining nickel and cobalt, it being the first attempt 
 in that direction made in this country. It proved 
 successful, and in 1852 the business was removed 
 to Camden, N. J., on Coopers Creek, and much 
 enlarged. These works are now owned by Joseph 
 Wharton, Esq., who continued the business. In 
 1850, with a few others, he founded the gas works 
 in Brooklyn, N. Y., and soon after established the 
 gas works in the city of Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 About this time he removed to Haddonfield and 
 erected a handsome private residence, where he 
 resided for several years, dispensing a liberal hos- 
 pitality to the many friends who surrounded him. 
 
 In the inception and completion of the Camden 
 and Atlantic Railroad he took an active part and 
 lived to see it in successful operation. Passing as 
 it did through lands formerly owned by himself 
 and a section of the country with which he was 
 familiar, he could appreciate its advantages and 
 understand its benefits. 
 
 Disposing of his residence in Haddonfield, he 
 removed to Philadelphia, where he died February 
 29, 1872, leaving a widow, Ruth Ann (a daughter 
 of John Dean, and whom he married in 1829), and 
 
700 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 ODe daughter. His life was an active one, and 
 proves what industry, enterprise and business in- 
 tegrity will do. 
 
 WiNSLOW Lodge, No. 40, I. 0. O. F., was in- 
 stituted May 18, 1846, with the following as the 
 iirst officers: E. W. Coffin, Noble Grand; Uziel 
 Bareford, Vice-Grand ; Wm. S. Fort, Sec. ; John 
 H. Coffin, Treas. The first meetings were held in 
 one of the factory buildings, but in 1848 a regular 
 lodge-room was secured in the public building 
 erected by the Winslow Hall Association. This 
 body was composed of members of the lodge, citi- 
 zens and A. K. Hay, the latter holding three-fifths 
 of the stock. As originally built, the hall was a 
 two-story frame edifice, costing two thousand dol- 
 lars, but it was enlarged and improved in 1880, at 
 a cost of six hundred dollars more. The lower 
 story forms a roomy hall, which is supplied with a 
 good stage. The lodge-room is neatly furnished, 
 and has been continuously occupied since 1848. 
 In 1886 the number of members belonging was 
 eighty-five, and the lodge had a working capital 
 of three thousand dollars. Its principal officers 
 are, — Noble Grand, William Baird; Vice-Grand, 
 Thomas Moore; Treasurer, William F. Swissler; 
 Secretary, C. B. Westcott. 
 
 WiNSLOw Encampment, No. 16, I. O. O. F., 
 was instituted March 25, 1847, with the following 
 officers: A. K. Hay, C. P.; E. W. Coffin, H. P.; 
 Jas. A. Hay, S. W.; Sylvester Chase, J. W,; Jas. 
 Risley, Scribe. By the organization of other en- 
 campments the membership of No. 16 has been 
 much diminished, reducing the number belonging 
 in 1886 to thirteen. At the same time the officers 
 were,— C. P., H. M. Jewett ; H. P., Wm. F. Sem- 
 ple; Treasurer, Wm. Brayman ; Scribe, 0. P. 
 Westcott. 
 
 The hall has also been occupied by a division of 
 Sons of Temperance and a lodge of Good Tem- 
 plars, both of which have discontinued their meet- 
 ings. An assembly of the Knights of Labor, or- 
 ganized a few years ago, now meets statedly, and 
 is reported in a flourishing condition. 
 
 New Hopewell (Friends') Meeting-House. 
 — About the middle of the last century a number 
 of Friends settled in what is now the upper part of 
 Winslow township, where they soon after estab- 
 lished a meeting. For this purpose several acres 
 of land were secured from William Norcross, on 
 the old Egg Harbor road, about two miles from 
 Wilton Station, and below the main line of the 
 Philadelphia and Atlantic City Railroad. Upon 
 this was built a small, plain, one-story frame meet- 
 ing-house, and a graveyard was opened on the same 
 grou nd, which was occupied abou t fi fty years. The 
 
 principal founders and members of the meetiug 
 were William Norcross and his sons, Uriah and 
 Job, Thomas Penn, George Sloan, Jonathan Jones, 
 John Brown, Abraham Watson, Abraham Brown, 
 John Shinn, James Thornton, William Peacock, 
 David Tice, William Boulton, Isaiah Clutch, 
 John Duble and Joseph Peacock. Of these, John 
 Shinn was a speaker of power and acceptance, 
 who took up his residence in this isolated locality 
 to escape the praise of those who admired his 
 preaching in the older meetings. In his own 
 words this purpose was expressed : " I came to 
 these wilds to avoid the praise of man, lest I be- 
 come vain and forget the fear of the Lord." The 
 natural sterility of the soil and the location of the 
 meeting-house on a road which was seldom trav- 
 eled, after more direct thoroughfares were opened, 
 was unfavorable to the prosperity of the meeting, 
 which was now only irregularly held, under the 
 direction of the Evesham Monthly Meeting. This 
 relation is shown from a minute of the latter meet- 
 ing. Second Month 8, 1794 : 
 
 "Friends appointed in the 11 Mo. last, to have 
 the oversight of the meeting held at a place called 
 New Hopewell, reported their attention thereto, 
 and that Friends there were careful in the attend- 
 ance thereof. And the Friends who constitute 
 that meeting request liberty to hold meetings as 
 heretofore for three montlis, which the meeting 
 taking into consideration unites in the continu- 
 ance thereof, for two months, and Enoch Evans, 
 Isaac Boulton, Joshua Stokes and Ephraim Stratton 
 are appointed to have the oversight thereof and 
 to report to this meeting in 4'" Mo. next." This 
 arrangement was continued some years, when the 
 death of some of the older Friends and the re- 
 moval of others had so much diminished the 
 membership that the meeting was finally "' laid 
 down" in 1819, and the later business records re- 
 moved to Evesham, Burlington County, where 
 they now remain, in charge of the clerk of that 
 meeting. From them may be obtained informa- 
 tion in regard to families, now wholly extinct, 
 which would assist in unraveling many genealog- 
 ical difficulties connected with the first settlers of 
 this part of the county. 
 
 After 1820 the old meeting-house was removed 
 by Job Norcross, and rebuilt as a two-story dwell- 
 ing, on the Blue Anchor road, not quite a mile 
 from its old site, where it is now occupied as the 
 home of William Norcross. The grave-yard was 
 preserved by the Friends, and burials of their de- 
 scendants have since been made there. It is the 
 only reminder of the once familiar landmark, 
 which was the centre of a populous settlement of 
 
THE TOWNSHIP OP WINSLOW. 
 
 ,701 
 
 professing Christians, who have long since passed 
 away. Although the names of many are no longer 
 remembered, the impress of their consistent lives 
 may yet be seen in the best traditions of the neigh- 
 borhood Their influence for truth and justice 
 continues to this day. 
 
 In 1883 the Friends relinquished their interest 
 in the grave-yard in favor of the people of Wins- 
 low, who selected a board of trustees to control the 
 same. The members were Samuel T. Peacock, 
 Job Eldridge, Matthias Simmerman, George 
 Norcross and George Peacock. Under their di- 
 rection the cemetery was substantially inclosed, 
 and though in a spot isolated from any other kind 
 of improvement, it shows the care which is be- 
 stowed on it. In the ground are the following 
 marked graves : 
 
 Job NorcroBB, died in 1854, aged seventy-five years. 
 
 Eev. Benj. Y. Tliackara, died 1864, aged seventy-four years. 
 
 Ann Thacl^ara, died 1857, aged seveuty-three years. 
 
 Elizabeth Thaclcara, died 1847, aged forty-four yeai-s. 
 
 Thomas Penn, died 1831, aged eiglity years. 
 
 Rutli Penn, died 1837, aged eighty-one years. 
 
 George Penn, died 1863, aged seventy-three years. 
 
 Sarah Penn, died 1795, aged three years. 
 
 Joseph Peacocls, died 1855, aged seventy-one years. 
 
 Taniar Peacock, died 1869, aged eighty-one years. 
 
 James Ware, died 1865, aged sixty- five yeai-s. 
 
 Butb Ware, died 1855, aged fifty-seven years. 
 
 Joshua Eldridge, died 1851, aged eighty-seven years. 
 
 Amy Eldridge, died 1846, aged seventy-two years. 
 
 James Githens, died 1864, aged fifty-two years. 
 
 Baptist Church at Tansboeo'. — Some of the 
 early settlers of this locality entertained the Baptist 
 faith and had occasional meetings in the New Free- 
 dom Church, the minister coming from Evesham, 
 in Burlington County. An increase of interest 
 caused an organization to be formed and measures 
 were taken to erect a church. January 10, 1841, 
 James Cain donated an acre of land at Tansboro', 
 on which such a building might be erected, con- 
 veying the same to Elijah Briant, Charles Kain, 
 Joseph Porter, James Cain and John Cain, " Trus- 
 tees appointed by and with the consent of the 
 Baptist Church, at Evesham, in trust for the Bap- 
 tist denomination of Tansboro' and its vicinity, of 
 the same faith and order as th^ Baptist Church at 
 Evesham, for the purpose of erecting a Baptist 
 Church in said place." The meeting-house — a 
 frame structure — was soon after built, and, on the 
 3d of May, 1845, the church became a corporate 
 body, with John Johnson, Joseph Heritage and 
 Charles H. French as truslees. In the course of 
 years, after meetings had been regularly held for 
 some time, the membership was so much dimin- 
 ished that services were discontinued. Since 1865 
 no meetings were held and the house was allowed 
 to go to ruin. On the 15th of September, 1874, 
 
 William B. French and Chalkley Haines, the sur- 
 viving trustees, conveyed the property to the West 
 New Jersey Baptist Association, in which body the 
 title now rests, but no effort has been made to im- 
 prove it. The walls of the old church remain — ■ 
 grim reminders of the devastating influence of 
 time, and those who once worshipped there are 
 scarcely remembered by the present generation. 
 
 The New Freedom Church. — Some time after 
 1810 the citizens of this locality united in building a 
 house for public meetings, in which various denom- 
 inations held services, those of the Methodists pre- 
 dominating. After the organization of societies at 
 Sicklerville and Tansboro' by the Methodist Epis- 
 copal branch, the Methodist Protestants estab- 
 lished regular services at this place. Their first 
 meetings were held in the old church, but in 1867 
 a new church was built in the same locality, which 
 has since been occupied. The lot on which the 
 house stands was donated by Daniel Thackara, 
 and the building committee was composed of Isaac 
 S. Peacock, Joseph Buzby, Samuel Bittle, Eev. J. 
 K. Freed and Ezra Lake. It is a plain frame 
 structure, thirty by forty-eight feet, and cost 
 twenty-three hundred dollars. On the 14th of 
 May, 1868, the church became an incorporated 
 body, with the following trustees : Jacob K. Freed, 
 • Samuel B. Bittle, Isaiah E. Gibson, Joseph Wat- 
 son and James H. Howard. The membership of 
 the church is small, not exceeding twenty in May, 
 1886. The congregation had occasional services 
 in connection with the church at Cedar Brook. 
 The latter building was put up in 1885, chiefly by 
 John E. Duble, Samuel Peacock, Ed. McCullough 
 and Wesley Bates, for the use of religious so- 
 cieties in that locality. The Methodists worshipping 
 here are few in numbers, almost all the members 
 being females. The many changes of residence of 
 the members of the foregoing churches have made it 
 impossible or diflSicult to maintain the organiza- 
 tion, and, in consequence, the records kept by 
 them are very fragmentary and their history not 
 connected. It is a matter worthy of note, though, 
 that after the decease or removal of the elder 
 Friends most of the younger element connected 
 itself with other Protestant Churches instead of 
 adhering to the faith of their fathers, and as they 
 exercised the greatest freedom of choice, this may 
 account for the number of denominational efforts 
 in this part of the county, more societies being or- 
 ganized than it was possible to maintain in a 
 countryjust passing through its transition stages. 
 In the grave-yard connected with the New 
 Freedom Church are interred, among others, the 
 following : 
 
V02 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 William Curtis, died 1863, aged sixty-threa years. 
 Hannah Curtie, died 1862, aged flfty-nine years. 
 Cornelius Curtis, died 1880, aged forty-eight years. 
 Gilbert Kellum, died 18«, aged sixty-four years. 
 
 William Kellum, died 1820, aged . 
 
 Martha Crowley, died 1881, aged ninety-one years. 
 Josiah Tice, died 1847, aged thirty-four years. 
 Emanuel Bodine, died 1880, aged fifty-three years. 
 Edward G. Brown, died 1862, aged forty-six years. 
 Samuel G. Settle, died 1874, aged thirty six years. 
 
 The yard shows signs of neglect and is not so 
 much used as in former periods. 
 
 Tansboeo' Methodist Episcopal Church. — 
 After holding their meetings in the old New 
 Freedom Church a number of years, the Method- 
 ist congregatian erected a new church at Tans- 
 horo' in 1857. The house is a plain frame, having 
 a seating capacity for a few hundred worshippers, 
 and was built on a lot donated by John Carroll. 
 Those active in it were Samuel Butler, Henry 
 Brown, .Matthias Simmerman, James Dill and 
 Michael Earling, serving as a committee for the 
 congregation. The church has sustained various 
 circuit relations, being associated with Sicklerville 
 and at present with Atco, having no regular min- 
 ister. When connected with the former, among the 
 preachers were the Revs. Johnson, Moore, Stock- 
 ton, Morgan, Shimp, Tunneycliflf", Reeves, Engard 
 and Murrell. The membership has been fluctuat- 
 ing, owing to the changes at the glass-works, but, 
 in May, 1886, the number belonging was sixty, 
 and the trustees were W. T. Sickler, Henry 
 Besser, Jacob Besser, Michael Burdsall, Abraham 
 Burdsall and George Robinson. The latter is also 
 superintendent of a flourishing Sunday-school. 
 
 The Sicklerville Methodist Episcopal 
 Church. — The first Methodist meetings in this lo- 
 cality were held at private houses and in the school- 
 house, most of the preaching being done by John 
 Sickler, a local preacher ; and the members were his 
 sous, Christopher, John and William, with their 
 families, and Joseph Jones. About 1837 William 
 Sickler set aside an acre of land for church purposes, 
 and soon after the neighbors united in building a 
 small frame house thereon. Here schools were 
 kept during the week and religious meetings on 
 the Sabbath, the attendants coming many miles. 
 Some time after, Sickler donated an additional 
 acre of land on which to establish a cemetery, 
 deeding the whole, in trust, to John Sickler, John 
 Barton, Christopher Sickler and Thomas Lashley. 
 The old building was used until 1859, when the 
 present church was erected in its stead. It is a neat 
 frame structure, thirty-five by forty-five feet, which 
 has been made attractive by recent improvements. 
 In 1886 the property was in charge of trustees 
 William Andrew, William Shreve, S. W. Sickler, 
 
 and Paul H. Sickler. The latter has been a local 
 preacher the past twenty years. The membership 
 of the church is small, the entire number not 
 exceeding twenty-five, and the pastoral service is 
 in connection with churches in Gloucester County, 
 but for many years it was joined to Tansboro' in 
 forming a charge. A Sunday-school of sixty mem- 
 bers has Sears W. Sickler as its superintendent. It 
 was organized soon after the class was formed by 
 Paul H. and John J. Sickler. 
 
 The Methodist Episcopal Church at 
 WiNSLOW.— In 1840 Wm. Coffin and A. K. Hay 
 deeded a lot of land in the village of Winslow to 
 the Methodist Episcopal Society, who erected a 
 small frame meeting-house thereon the same year, 
 but before this time an organization had been 
 effected, the first religious services being held in 
 the school-house, on an adjoining lot. The original 
 church building has been repaired and was en- 
 larged by the addition of a pulpit recess. In 
 1886 its trustees are C. P. Westcott, H. M. 
 Jewett, William D. Haines, William Brayman 
 and George H. Long. Being, for a number of 
 years, the only church in the village, the member- 
 ship was correspondingly large, and for the past 
 twenty years Winslow has sustained the relation 
 of being a separate charge, the appointment at Elm 
 being added the present year. Under this arrange- 
 ment the Rev. Thomas Wilson was the first pastor, 
 the Rev. Samuel S. Belleville being the present. 
 The church has a membership of sixty-five, in- 
 cluding probationary members, and maintains a 
 Sunday-school which has eighty members. The 
 proprietors of Winslow not only encouraged the 
 building of the church, but they also set aside a 
 fine building, which is nominally the parsonage, 
 and contribute freely to the support of the religious 
 work. This liberal policy has had a wholesome 
 effect upon the morals of the community. 
 
 The Methodist Episcopal Church at Elisi 
 is a new edifice, having been erected in 1884, 
 mainly by the efforts of the Rev. Alexander Gil- 
 more, of the United States army, a resident of 
 this place, assisted by J. Chriistie, H. L. Ferris, 
 Charles E. Albright and others. It is a small but 
 neat frame building, and well accommodates the 
 congregation which occupies it. There are about 
 thirty members, having the same ministerial ser- 
 vice as the church at Winslow. 
 
 In the latter village a small Catholic chapel was 
 fitted up, in 1884, by Mrs. A. D. Squires, for the 
 accommodation of those entertaining that faith, 
 numbering about twenty communicants. Monthly 
 services are held by a visiting priest, the Rev. 
 Father Von Kiel, of Egg Harbor City. The 
 
THE TOWNSHIP OF WINSLOW. 
 
 703 
 
 chapel has neat surroundings. In connection 
 with the Methodist Church at Winslow is a puhlic 
 cemetery, in which are interred most of the 
 deceased who formerly lived in this part of the 
 township. 
 
 The Greenwood Oemeteey Association, of 
 Blue Anchor, was incorporated January 12, 1885, 
 with Trustees Henry Poland, William Maxwell. 
 William Hagan, Joseph Wilson, Timothy Thomp- 
 son and John I. Brick, to control a small cemetery 
 which was opened near the Blue Anchor tavern. 
 The association is non-sectarian. 
 
 BIOGKAPHICAL. 
 
 Andrew K. Hay was of German extraction, his 
 ancestors in the maternal line being among the 
 Hollanders who settled on the shores of the Dela- 
 ware River before the English emigrants arrived. 
 He was born in Massachusetts, and after receiving 
 what education could be obtained at that time, was 
 employed in tbe manufacture of window-glass, 
 then but a limited industry in the United States. 
 In 1829, and when quite a young man, he came to 
 New Jersey and was engaged at the Waterford 
 Works, then owned by Porter, Shreve & Co. He 
 soon removed to Hammonton, then owned by Wil- 
 liam Coffin, and, in 1832, married Ann, a daughter 
 of the proprietor. William Coffin withdrew, and 
 the works were managed by his son, Bodine Coffin, 
 and his son-in-law, A. K. Hay. 
 
 Three years after the death of T. Jefferson Perce 
 (1838), who, with William Coffin, Jr., were operat- 
 ing the window-glass works until 1835, Andrew K. 
 Hay purchased an interest, and, with William Cof- 
 fin, Jr., continued the business until 1847, with the 
 addition of Tristram Bo wdle as another partner. 
 In the last-named year Edward W. Coffin became 
 the owner of William Coffin, Jr.'s share, and con- 
 85 
 
 tinned until 1851. In that year Andrew K. Hay, 
 with his nephew, John B. Hay, acquired the entire 
 interest, and the firm of Hay & Co. was in existence 
 until the death of A. K. Hay, in 1881. 
 
 The firm kept pace with every improvement in 
 the manufacture of glass, and enlarged the busi- 
 ness by the addition of steam mills for grain and 
 timber. The idea that the land in the pine bar- 
 rens could not be made available for farming pur- 
 poses was exploded at Winslow, where some five 
 hundred acres were under cultivation, supplying 
 all the hay, grain, corn, potatoes and other needs 
 of the people about the factory in that direction. 
 
 Bottle furnaces were introduced, which increased 
 in number with the demand for that kind of Ware, 
 and employing many other njen and boys about the 
 establishment. In 1849 he was elected a member of 
 Congress, serving one term, but refused a second 
 election, as his extensive business at home required 
 his personal attention. He was offered other po- 
 litical promotions, but always declined for the 
 reasons before stated. 
 
 The first suggestions as to the building of the 
 Camden and Atlantic Railroad met his approval, 
 and the project had no more I'aithful supporter 
 from the beginning to the completion. The ad- 
 vantage it would be to his own landed estate was 
 worth some risk, which he met as the work pro- 
 gressed. 
 
 Andrew K. Hay was truly a self-made man. 
 Being familiar with every detail of his business, 
 he was never dependent on others in matters of 
 judgment or experience. His success in life may 
 be traced to these material points, and illustrate 
 the benefits thus to be derived. He was popular 
 among those he employed, and had the confidence 
 of all who knew him. He died February 7, 1881. 
 
THE TOWNSHIP OF CENTRE. 
 
 CHAPTER XVI. 
 
 Surface and Soil— Early Settlers and Descendants — The Hnggs, 
 Brownings, Hillmans, Hinchmans, Thornes, Glovers and later 
 Comers— Civil History— Village of Snow Hill— Societies— Chnrches 
 — Magnolia— Guinea Town — Mount Ephraim. 
 
 TOPOGEAPHY. — This township is bounded as 
 follows : On the north, by Haddon township, from 
 which it is separated by the south branch of New- 
 ton Creek; on the northeast by Delaware town- 
 ship, separated in part by a branch of Coopers 
 Creek ; on the east and south by Gloucester town- 
 ship ; on the south and west by Deptford town- 
 ship, in Gloucester County, being separated there- 
 from by Great Timber Creek ; and on the west by 
 Gloucester City. 
 
 The general surface of the township is level, 
 though elevated in some localities to have the ap- 
 pearance of hills, chief among which are Mount 
 Ephraim and Irish Hill. The latter was used be- 
 fore the era of telegraphs for signal purposes, be- 
 ing one of a number of places in a chain of com- 
 munication from Wilmington to New York. On 
 Irish Hill a tall oak-tree was used as the base of a 
 station, which was supplied with colored lights at 
 night and shutters in daytime to communicate the 
 news of the owners of the line. It is said to have 
 been used chiefly by sporting men, who took this 
 means to apprise their friends of the result of a 
 lottery or a horse-race, often reaping large sums 
 by reason of having the earliest news. At this 
 place is a valuable deposit of clay, which has been 
 only partially developed. 
 
 The soil of Centre township, generally, is a 
 sandy loam, and, with careful cultivation, is very 
 productive. The drainage is afforded by the 
 boundary streams and Beaver Branch and Little 
 Timber Creeks, both flowing into Great Timber 
 Creek, which is a tidal stream. Valuable meadows 
 704 
 
 have been made along these streams (where the 
 first settlements were made) by means of dykes 
 and dams, and here are found some of the most de- 
 sirable farms in Camden County. In some local- 
 ities are areas of porous sand, making the soil non- 
 productive for some crops, but the same section 
 has been made to yield rich returns in the hands 
 of the fruit-grower and market-gardener. Much at- 
 tention has been directed, within late years, to those 
 interests, and the value of the lands has been pro- 
 portionately increased. The township has good 
 roads, being traversed by the Blackwoodtown and 
 White Horse turnpikes from north to south, and 
 old highways from east to west. 
 
 Early Settlement, Early Settlers and 
 THEIR Descendants. — None of the early settlers 
 within the area now embraced in the township of 
 Centre had more landed possessions or enjoyed 
 greater prominence than the Huggs. At one time 
 all the land lying between the Little Timber 
 Creek and the main creek of that name, for a dis- 
 tance of three miles, was owned by members of the 
 Hugg family. The name Hugg is of Irish origin. 
 John Hugg, one of the early settlers, came from 
 the parish of Castle Ellis, in Ireland. He was a 
 Friend, and, though not a partner in the enter- 
 prises which brought many Friends to this 
 country at that period, was yet a person of consid- 
 erable means. His first settlement was on five hun- 
 dred acres of land (lying at the junction of the two 
 streams) which he purchased of Robert Zane in 
 1683, and a part of which he then devised to his 
 grandson, William Hugg, who did not come 
 into possession of it until some fifty years later. 
 His first residence stood where the Little Timber 
 Creek flows into Great Timber Creek. From it a 
 view of the Delaware River was afforded, as well 
 as much of the stream before his house. He es- 
 tablished a landing, which had the character of a 
 
THE TOWNSHIP OF CENTRE. 
 
 705 
 
 public place for many years, and where consider- 
 able shipping is yet done. The place where the 
 house of John Hugg stood is regarded by some 
 antiquaries as the site of old Fort Nassau, which 
 was built by the Dutch in 1623, when they first at- 
 tempted a settlement on the Delaware. It is said 
 that some pieces of Dutch brick and pottery were 
 here fouud after the lapse of more than two hun- 
 dred and forty years, which indicated this spot as 
 the possible site of that historical fortification. 
 Whatever doubts may attach to such a belief, it is 
 well known that John Hugg lived there until his 
 death, in 1706. He had four sons, namely, John 
 and Elias, who both married daughters of Francis 
 Collins, Joseph and Charles being younger. They 
 were also of adult age when John Hugg took up 
 his home here in Centre township, as they soon 
 after settled around him and became prominent 
 citizens. 
 
 John Hugg, Jr., was very active in public 
 afiairs. " For six years, from 1695, he was one of 
 the judges of the courts of Gloucester County, and, 
 for ten years, was a member of the Governor's 
 Council, which is evidence of his worth as a just 
 and upright man." 
 
 From 1726 to 1730 he was sheriff' of the county, 
 which was probably his last service in a public 
 capacity. Between 1696 and 1710 he located sev- 
 eral tracts of land between the Great and Little 
 Timber Creeks, extending nearly to the head of 
 the latter and across to the former, including 
 what was lately known as the Crispin Farm. It is 
 believed that he resided in that locality, where he 
 had the advantages of navigation, and a great 
 breadth of meadow lands could be secured by 
 building a bank along the stream to prevent their 
 overflow by the tide. This place was called 
 "Plain Hope," but, in 1811, when Samuel L. 
 Howell was the owner, the name was " Marlboro' 
 Farm," which title it retained for years. 
 
 William Crispin, an Englishman, became the 
 owner of this place in 1846, and added to its im- 
 provements. He was also the owner of the ad- 
 joining farm, known as the " Parker Place," each 
 having about two hundred acres. The meadows 
 on these lands cause them to be among the most 
 valuable farms in the township. 
 
 John Hugg was noted for th6 number of slaves he 
 owned, many of the colored people in this town- 
 ship having descended from those who were for- 
 merly in his service. From all accounts he must 
 have been a kind master, as his slaves considered 
 it a great honor to be servants in the Hugg family. 
 In 1709 he sold one of his negro boys (Sambo), to 
 John Hinchman, as is elsewhere noted. 
 
 The death of John Hugg occurred in 1730 and 
 is thus described by Smith, in his "History of 
 New Jersey," — 
 
 " In this year died John Hugg, Esq., of Glou- 
 cester City. He was about ten years one of the 
 Council. Riding from home one morning, he was 
 supposed to be taken ill about a mile from his 
 house, when, getting off his horse, he spread his 
 cloak on the ground to lie down on, and having 
 put his gloves under the saddle and hung his whip 
 through one of the rings, he turned his horse 
 loose, which, going home, put the people upon 
 searching, .who found him in this circumstance 
 speechless ; they carried him to his house and he 
 died that evening." 
 
 He died respected by all who knew him, leaving 
 to survive him a second wife and the following- 
 named children : Mary (married to Thomas Lip- 
 pincott), Sarah, Priscilla, Hannah, Joseph, Gabriel, 
 John, Elias and Jacob. John died when yet 
 young and Elias without children. 
 
 Elias Hugg, the brother of John and son of the 
 emigrant, lived in the house occupied before him 
 by his father and probably kept a store to supply 
 the wants of the people of those days, whiskey 
 and tobacco being staple commodities. As many 
 of his customers were watermen, " his premises, 
 no doubt, furnished the scene of many carousals 
 among them when detained by wind and tide." 
 
 The large landed estates of the Huggs in this 
 township, after passing to the second and third 
 generations, eventually ceased to be owned by any 
 of the lineal descendants of the family and for 
 many years no male members by the name have 
 remained in the vicinity. 
 
 In the course of years part of the original Hugg 
 tract became the property of Isaac Browning, the 
 youngest son of George Browning, who emigrated 
 to this country from Holland before 1752, and who 
 settled in what is now Stockton township. There 
 Isaac was born, December 1, 1775, and at the time 
 of his death lived at the mouth of Timber Creek. 
 He had three sons and two daughters, namely : 
 Joshua P., George Benjamin, Cooper P., Mary and 
 Catherine. The first-named son lived on the 
 homestead of his father several years, when he 
 moved to Haddonfield. He was married to Amelia, 
 a daughter of John Clement, and was an influen- 
 tial man in the interest of public improvements: 
 In Centre township the Brownings were progres- 
 sive citizens and the landing on the creek is still 
 known by their name. 
 
 In 1697 John Hillman purchased one hundred 
 and seventy acres of land of Francis Collins, 
 adjoining the estate of John Gill, where he set- 
 
706 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 tied. His land lay on both sides of the Haddonfield 
 road to Snow Hill, and his house stood near the 
 present Chapman residence. As the old Egg Har- 
 bor road passed by his house, he kept a tavern, but 
 his place did not become noted as a resort, in the 
 sense that attached to some of the taverns of that 
 period, since the travel was comparatively light. 
 A short distance below this house two roads di- 
 verged, one going to Salem by way of Clements 
 Bridge, and the other towards the shore. 
 
 The soil here is light and the place was no 
 doubt selected on account of the ease with which 
 a clearing might be made, as the growth of timber 
 in these sandy places was never very heavy. 
 
 In 1720 John Hillman devised this tract of land 
 to his son John, who, however, settled in Glouces- 
 ter township, near the White Horse Tavern. His 
 son Joseph lived on the homestead some time, but 
 in 1760, sold to Daniel Scull, of Egg Harbor. 
 Thus, for more than a hundred years, this proper- 
 ty has been out of the name of Hillman, and, 
 being now the site of the hamlet of Snow Hill, 
 has been disposed of to many owners. 
 
 Daniel Hillman, a brother of John, who settled 
 in Gloucester, located on a tract of one hundred 
 acres of land which had been surveyed for William 
 Sharp in 1701. He gradually extended his estate 
 towards the south, while it joined the lands of the 
 Clarks on the west, and those of the Albertsons on 
 the east. His house stood on what became the 
 Howell estate and was a plain log building. In 
 1754 Daniel Hillman died and gave this tract to his 
 four sons, James, John, Daniel and Joseph, who 
 improved the same, erecting dwellings thereon. 
 In 1734 Joseph sold his interest to Jacob Jennings, 
 who had the same resurveyed the following year. 
 In this purchase the greater part of the hundred 
 acres, located in 1701, was included, and as the 
 older members of the family had died or moved, 
 the lands thus became the property of stran- 
 gers. Many descendants of the Hillmans still 
 reside in the township, but on lands not of the 
 original estate. 
 
 It may have been noted that before the discov- 
 ery of fertilizers, the farmers in this section soon 
 exhausted the natural richness of their lands, 
 which thereafter afforded them but scanty subsist- 
 ence, making it impossible to put up good im- 
 provements out of their earnings of the soil. The 
 use of marl and other fertilizers has changed all 
 these conditions. 
 
 John Hinchman, the oldest son of John Hinch- 
 man, of Newton township, located on part of the 
 paternal estates, now mostly owned by the Willitses 
 and Coopers, extending from the old Salem road to 
 
 the head of Little Timber Creek, and adjoining 
 the Jennings property. This land was part of the 
 tract which had been conveyed to John Hinchman 
 in 1699, by John Hugg and his wife, Priscilla, who 
 had inherited some of the same from her father, 
 Francis Collins. 
 
 The dwelling-house of John Hinchman was a 
 small, hipped-roof brick building, which, in its day, 
 had some pretension to style and comfort. Its 
 shape has been entirely changed and it now forms 
 a part of the modern residence of the late Charles 
 Jj. Willits. 
 
 John Hinchman had a sort of a military career, 
 having been appointed an ensign in one of the de- 
 partments of the county in 1705. He was sheriff 
 of the county after 1722, and in his day was quite 
 prominent. As his second wife he married a grand- 
 daughter of John Kay. His son, John, settled in 
 Gloucester. 
 
 John Thorne, was a brother-in-law of John 
 Hinchman, having married his sister Ann. He 
 came from Flushing, N. Y., following the Hinch- 
 mans in their migration from that State. In 
 1702 he purchased a tract of land of John Read- 
 ing, lying between the south branch of Newton 
 and Little Timber Creeks, his tract including 
 the farms known as the " Stokes Brick Farm " and 
 the John D. Glover Farm. By his will, made 
 in 1768, he gave. his property to his son-in-law, 
 John Glover, in fee. The latter married his 
 daughter, Mary. In his day he was a man of 
 marked influence. A few years before his death, 
 in 1769, he removed to Haddonfield, where his 
 widow continued to reside. His son Thomas died 
 in 1759, leaving a daughter who was married to 
 William Harrison. The latter owned and lived on 
 a farm south of Mount Ephraim, known in later 
 years as the property of Jesse W. Starr. He was 
 a man of considerable prominence, serving as sher- 
 iff in 1716. In this capacity he was instrumental 
 in causing the defeat of John Kay, by ordering 
 the election to be held at a point more favorable 
 to Kay's opponent. Dr. Daniel Coxe. 
 
 He was buried in a small family grave-yard, near 
 the old brick house, which was demolished some 
 years ago. 
 
 John Glover, who lived on the John Thome 
 place, also came from Long Island and was a 
 brother of William and Richard Glover. The for- 
 mer settled in Newton township, the creek divid- 
 ing his lands from John's. He was a bachelor 
 and died in 1798, but much of the estate which he 
 owned is still in the Glover name. John Glover, 
 the husband of Mary Thorne, reared a numerous 
 family, some having descendants who still remain 
 
THE TOWNSHIP OF CENTRE. 
 
 Y07 
 
 in the township. Near the residence of John T. 
 Glover, on Newton Creek, his grandfather, John 
 T., had a fulling-mill which descended thence to 
 James Glover. It was abandoned many years ago. 
 On Little Timber Creek, in the neighborhood of 
 Mount Ephraim, was another power, in the early 
 history of this section, where William Eldridge 
 put up grist and fulling-mills. In 1805 he sold 
 this property to Hezekiah Shivers, who disposed of 
 it to John T. Glover, whence it passed to John 0. 
 Glover. The mills were near his residence. 
 They have been unused for a long time. 
 
 A hundred years after the general settlement of 
 the territory now embraced in this township the 
 principal owners were persons bearing the follow- 
 ing names : Gill, Wilson, Brown, Chapman, Brown- 
 ing, Atkinson, Glover, Budd, Zane, Willits, Cris- 
 pin, Starr, Bell, Eastlack, Budd, Mather, Thackara, 
 Clark, Kinsey, Haines, Lippincott, Kay, Davis, 
 Strang, Eudlow, Eowand, Mickle, Webb, Brick, 
 Harrison and Brazington. Many of these have de- 
 scendants remaining in the township. 
 
 Civil Organization. — By legislative enact- 
 ment, November 15, 1831, all that part of the 
 township of Gloucester contained within the fol- 
 lowing described bounds became a new township : 
 " Beginning at the mouth of Beaver branch where 
 it empties into Great Timber Creek ; thence up 
 the said creek to Clements Bridge ; thence along 
 the middle of the Evesham Eoad to the bridge 
 over Coopers Creek; thence down said creek to 
 the corner of the township of Newton ; thence by 
 the said township of Newton and Gloucester 
 Town to the beginning, together with all that 
 territory known by the corporate name of the 
 Inhabitants of Gloucestertown in the county of 
 Gloucester, hereafter known as the township of 
 Union." 
 
 The people in the territory described, sustained 
 that township relation twenty-four years, when 
 another division took place whereby the town- 
 ship of Centre was created March 6, 1 855,' as follows : 
 " Beginning in the middle of Great Timber Creek 
 at the mouth of the southerly branch of Little 
 Timber Creek; thence along the middle of Little 
 Timber Creek to a point where the old King's 
 Highway crossed the same ; thence northerly along 
 the highway to the southwest corner of Cedar 
 Grove Cemetery and corner of James H. Brick's 
 land; thence along said line and by the lands of 
 Aaron H. Hurley, crossing the Mt. Ephraim 
 Eoad to the corner of the lands of John Brick, 
 deceased ,- thence along the lands of Brick and 
 John C. Champion and John E. Brick to New- 
 ton Creek, on the line of Newton Township; 
 
 thence eaatwardly by Newton Creek, on the line 
 of Union and Newton, until it strikes the line of 
 the townships of Union and Delaware ; thence up 
 the same to Burrough's Bridge ; thence on the 
 middle of the highway and on boundary line be- 
 tween the townships of Union and Gloucester to 
 Clem ents Bridge,on the Great Timber Creek ; thence 
 down the middle of the said creek to the place of 
 beginning." 
 
 The name of Centre was suggested by the 
 intermediate position which the new township 
 would occupy, with reference to Gloucester and 
 the township of Newton, north and south of it. 
 
 Under the act authorizing the erection of the 
 township, the first annual town-meeting was held 
 at the public-house at Mount Ephraim, March 14, 
 1855. Chalkley Glover was chosen moderator and 
 Jehu Budd clerk. 
 
 "It was voted that the township borrow $100 
 to pay the current expenses ; that a tax of $2.00 
 be levied for school purposes, for every child re- 
 turned between the ages of five .and eighteen 
 years ; that the township be divided into two dis- 
 tricts for the overseers of the highways." 
 
 Since 1863 the township meetings have been 
 held at the public hall at Mount Ephraim, and 
 the following have been the principal otficers 
 selected each year : Zebedee W. Nichola:)n, Chas. 
 L. Willitts and David A. Shreve, school superin- 
 tendents until the county superintendency was es- 
 tablished. 
 
 Townsfeip Oerhe, 
 
 1855. Jehu Budd. 1867-68. Isaac G. Eastlack. 
 
 1856. Isaac Kay. 1869. George F. Howell. 
 1867-60. Jehu Budd. 1870-75. George T. Haines. 
 1861-63. Benj. A. Starr. 187ii-78. Johu D. Glover, Jr. 
 1864-G5. David A. Shreve. 1879-81. John Hutchinson. 
 1866. Jehu Budd. 1882-84. Wm. H. Tuvley. 
 
 1886-86. Jared B. Chapman. 
 AsaeMors. 
 1856-68. Joseph Budd. 1869. George Broadwatir. 
 
 1869. John Ntrth, Jr. 1870. Joseph G. Davis. 
 
 1860. Benjamin Shivers. 1871-75. John Hutchinson. 
 
 1861-62. Jeliu Budd. 1876-80. George T. Haines. 
 
 1863. Isaac Brasington. 1881-82. Hiram B. Budd. 
 
 1864-66. Jehu Budd. 1883-84. Nathaniel Barton. 
 
 1866-68. Joseph Budd Webb. 1885-86. W. H. Turley. 
 ColUctors, 
 
 1865. Champion Goldy, 1866-68. George P. Howell. 
 1856-67. Joseph M. Atkinson. 1870. Joseph B. Webb. 
 1859-60. Simon W. Mitten. 1871-73. Henry Charman. 
 1861-62. John P. Curtis. 1874-81. Nathaniel Barton. 
 1863. Joseph M. Atkinson. 1882-84. David A. Shieve. 
 1864-66. Champion Goldy. 1886. Samuel Bacon. 
 
 1886. Henry Charman. 
 Justices of the Peace. 
 
 1866. John W. Chester. 1866. John P. Curtis. 
 Joseph Fish. John W. Hay. 
 
 1866. Joseph Budd. 1. Oliver Goldsmith. 
 
 Joseph C. Zane. Henry Charman. 
 
 Frederick Lister. Hiram E. Budd. 
 
 Abraham Kowand. John P. Curtis. 
 
708, 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 The Village of Snow Hill is two miles 
 from Haddonfield, on the elevated lands along the 
 road to that town. Its population is composed 
 almost exclusively of colored people. It contains 
 several small stores, two good society buildings, 
 three churches and within a radius of a mile are 
 six hundred colored inhabitants. Although a 
 number of colored people had settled in this 
 locality at a much earlier period, the village was 
 not regularly laid out until about 1840. At that 
 period Ralph Smith, an Abolitionist, living in 
 Haddonfield, who had advanced ideas of the future 
 condition of the negro, purchased a tract of land 
 and had William Watson survey the same into 
 lots for him. In accordance with his purpose, to 
 give the negro a village of his own, the place was 
 appropriately called Free Haven. The lots being 
 offered cheap, and as much effort was made in Phila- 
 delphia and other cities to induce settlement, a 
 large number were soon sold, only a few of which 
 were improved. Among those who first settled 
 here were Stephen Thomas, James Arthur, Isaac 
 Arthur, Samuel Sharp, Perry Gibson, Thomas 
 Brown and Thomas Banks. The last-named was 
 a man of superior attainments, which caused him 
 to be looked upon with deference, but at the same 
 time made him an object of suspicion among his 
 fellows, who accused him of self-aggrandizement. 
 In the main, the settlers were harmonious and the 
 community law-abiding and orderly. Many of the 
 settlers came from the vicinity of Snow Hill, Md., 
 from which circumstance came the name. Free 
 Haven, as applied by Ralph Smith, never ob- 
 tained any hold upon the people, and the original 
 name still remains good. The village plot was 
 enlarged by Jacob C. White, a colored dentist, of 
 Philadelphia, who was warmly interested in the 
 development of the place. 
 
 Within the last few years small stores have been 
 kept at Snow Hill by Joseph E. Gray, John 
 Williams and P. S. Smiley. A few shops are also 
 maintained, but most of the inhabitants find occu- 
 pation in agricultural pursuits. 
 
 Societies. — In few places of its size are more 
 secret societies successfully maintained than by 
 the colored people of Snow Hill. A sketch of the 
 various lodges of the village that existed in Janu- 
 ary^ 1886, is here given. The Daughters of Ebene- 
 zer, organized 1842, a local beneficial society for 
 women, having twenty-two niembers; Mt. Zion 
 Beneficial Society, also local, instituted in 1850 
 and having thirty members ; St. Matthew Union 
 Lodge, No. 10, Independent Order of Good Samari- 
 tans, instituted October 7, 1852, and incorporated 
 March 18, 1872, had one hundred and twenty-five 
 
 members. In 1870 a spacious two-story hall was 
 erected by this order, the upper room being used 
 for lodge purposes, the lower room for general 
 meetings. In this building also meet the Daugh- 
 ters of Samaria, whose membership is composed of 
 women only. Hiram Lodge, No. 5, A. F. A. M., 
 was instituted in September, 1874, and has thirty 
 members. The meetings of this Masonic lodge are 
 held in the Samaria Hall. Star of Liberty Lodge, 
 No. 1062, G. O. of 0. F., was instituted March 9, 
 1863, with nine members, which number has been 
 increased to eighty-six. In 1882 a very fine hall 
 was built by the lodge, in the upper story of which 
 meetings are regularly held. In this hall, also, 
 meets theHousehold of Ruth, a Ladies' Odd-Fellow 
 Auxiliary Society, which was organized in 1878, 
 and which had thirty-six members in June, 1886. 
 The Union Republican Association of Snow Hill, 
 incorporated February 19, 1886, is one of the 
 youngest benevolent organizations at this place. 
 
 Schools. — Separate schools for the education of 
 colored children were established about 1848, 
 Samuel Sharp being the teacher. The present 
 school-house was built in 1872, and is a large two- 
 story frame structure. There are one hundred 
 and twenty-seven children of school age, many of 
 whom have a keen interest in educational matters. 
 Among the later teachers have been Edward Mil- 
 ler, John Jackson and John Goodwin. 
 
 The Mt. Pisqah African Methodist Church 
 was originated soon after 1800, and became a per- 
 manent organization in 1813. Until that time 
 Methodists of both the white and colored race of 
 the vicinity held religious services together in a 
 small frame building which stood upon the present 
 church lot ; but, following the advice of a colored 
 minister, Richard Allen, who subsequently became 
 a bishop, the colored element declared themselves 
 independent of the Methodist Episcopate, where- 
 upon some of the colored members and the whites 
 withdrew to form the Methodist Church at Green- 
 land. Bishop Allen then became the pastor of 
 the independent church, and for many years 
 served it, in connection with the Bethel Church 
 (colored), in Philadelphia. From this fact the 
 members of Mt. Pisgah Church are sometimes 
 called the " AUenites." The present bishop is R. 
 H. Kane, and the preacher in charge is T. A. V. 
 Henry, who also supplies the mission at Haddon- 
 field. The members number sixty-three. 
 
 In 1867 the old meeting-house was replaced by 
 the present large frame building which was neatly 
 repaired in 1884. Its seating capacity is increased 
 by the use of galleries on two sides and one end. 
 The property appears neatly kept aud is in 
 
THE TOWNSHIP OP CENTRE. 
 
 709 
 
 eharge of Trustees Isaac Jackson, Charles Arthur, 
 Richard Tilmau, Alfred Arthur, Joshua Arthur, 
 Peter S. Smiley and Warner Gibbs. Ebenezer 
 Mann and Peter Mott were former local preachers, 
 and the latter organized the first Sunday-school 
 about 1854. The present superintendent is John 
 H. Jackson, and the membership of the Sunday- 
 school is about seventy. In connection with the 
 church is a grave-yard, where are buried some of 
 the first colored s.ettlers of this part of the town- 
 ship. 
 
 The Mt. Zion African Methodist Episco- 
 pal Chukch. — ^Not long after Allen's congrega- 
 tion declared itself an independent church, the 
 colored members adhering to the Methodist Epis- 
 copacy organized themselves into a church body 
 and, in 1828, secured their own house of worship, 
 In this meetings were regularly held until it was 
 burned down in 1835. A new church was then 
 built, which became too small to accommodate the 
 growing membership, and, in 1868, it was taken 
 down and the present church built in its place. It 
 is a frame of neat proportions and has a large seat- 
 ing capacity. A part of the old church building 
 was converted into a parsonage, this appointment 
 forming a charge in connection with Jordantown. 
 The membership of the church is large, number- 
 ing nearly one hundred and seventy-five, and the 
 Sunday-school has one hundred and sixty scholars, 
 having as its superintendent Henry D. Wilson. 
 Upon the church lot is a grave-yard, and the prop- 
 erty has, in 1886, the following trustees : Robert 
 Cooper, Franklin Fossett, William Henry, An- 
 thony Baynard, Albert A. Calles, Cupid Moore 
 and Joseph E. Tray. 
 
 Snow Hill Roman Catholic Chuech. — The 
 building in which the members of the Catholic 
 Church of this vicinity worshipped was built in 
 1859, on a lot of ground donated for this purpose 
 by James Diamond. It was here located on ac- 
 count of its central position, in a large scope of 
 country, which was taken up as a mission, many 
 of the members living beyond Kirkwood, Black- 
 wood, Chews Landing and Haddonfield, and all 
 being whites. The communicants number nearly 
 a hundred, and semi-monthly services are held by 
 clergymen from Camden and Gloucester. At the 
 latter place interments are made. The church is a 
 small frame building of very humble appearance. 
 
 Magnolia is southeast from Snow Hill and ex- 
 tending beyond the Evesham road, on and in the 
 neighborhood of the White Horse turnpike. It is 
 the old hamlet of Greenland, properly called 
 Magnolia, since the Philadelphia and Atlantic 
 City Railroad located a station with that name 
 
 near the place where a post-ofiice is now estab- 
 lished. The term Greenland was applied on ac- 
 count of the prevalence of a greenish soil in this 
 locality very closely resembling marl. For many 
 years the upper part of the settlement was called 
 Frederickville, after Frederick Hines, one of the 
 first settlers there, and by occupation a weaver. 
 Joseph Webb, another early settler, followed the 
 same trade, vvhile John Albertson and Samuel 
 Barrett were farmers. 
 
 For the greater part of half a century John P. 
 Curtis, a local Methodist preacher, has lived in 
 this place. Barrett varied his occupation of a 
 farmer by keeping a small store at the corner of 
 the turnpike and the public road, where James 
 Lee was afterwards engaged in trade. Within the 
 past few years James Barrett, Jr., has opened a 
 store in a new building, not far from the old stand, 
 and in the same neighborhood a good smithy has 
 been established. 
 
 At the crossing of the Haddonfield road, oppo- 
 site the toll-house on the pike, Frederick Besser 
 had a store and was succeeded by Joel G. Clark. 
 The latter sold out to A. H. Wolohon, who built 
 the present store about 1851, and converted the old 
 stand into a residence. Nearer Snow Hill, Joseph 
 Fish opened another store about 1855, where, for 
 a number pf years, Henry Charman has been in 
 trade. The village has several hundred inhabit- 
 ants, most of whom are whites. 
 
 The Geeenland Methodist Episcopal 
 Chuech. — Methodism was preached in this locality 
 as early as the beginning of this century by the 
 preachers named in the account of the Blackwood 
 Church, and later by others, whose names have 
 not been preserved. The appointments were 
 numerous and separated many miles, two preachers 
 serving the circuit in 1826. It is said that David 
 Daly, one of thepreachers, was of the opinion that 
 the members were heavily burdened to raise the 
 pay of the preachers, about six hundred dollars 
 per year, and that the pioneer, Jacob Gruber, 
 thought that one man should be able to serve the 
 circuit, which embraced the most of old Glouces- 
 ter and Burlington Counties. It is an interesting 
 historical fact that the same territory now supports 
 about forty preachers, and that nearly one hundred 
 thousand dollars is raised annually for the promo- 
 tion of the church work, where a little more than 
 sixty years ago a hundredth part was raised with 
 difficulty. It is evidence not only of the increase 
 of population, but also of the hold that Methodism 
 has upon the people. 
 
 The first meetings were held at Snow Hill in a 
 building which was the joint property of tlie 
 
710 
 
 HISTOEY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 whites and the blacks, but which was reliDquished 
 in favor of the colored people about 1813. Soon 
 after Samuel Barrett set aside an acre of land, on 
 the Evesham road, for church and cemetery pur- 
 poses, where a small frame meeting-house was 
 built in 1815, which was thenceforth the spiritual 
 home of the white Methodists in this section of the 
 country. Among the early members, and those 
 who participated in building this house, were 
 Samuel Barrett, Christopher Sickler, Joseph Webb, 
 William Heppin and Frederick Hines. The 
 church was used until 1867, when the present 
 building was erected in its place by a building 
 committee composed of J. P. Curtis, John W. 
 Chester and Samuel Barrett. It is a frame house, 
 thirty-five by forty -five feet, of very modest appear- 
 ance. The membership of the church is small, 
 numbering but forty in 1886. The church has no 
 regular pastor, but was last connected with Glen- 
 dale to form a circuit. A flourishing Sunday-school 
 has John Harley as its superintendent. 
 
 In the fall of 1885 a Ladies' Aid Society of the 
 neighborhood built a hall near the church, in 
 which social gatherings may be held for the pur- 
 pose of securing funds to encourage church work. 
 The efforts of the ladies in this direction have 
 already been attended wiih gratifying success. 
 
 Guinea Town is another hamlet wholly inhab- 
 ited by colored people. It is located on the Black- 
 wood turnpike, on the sand-hills near Beaver 
 Branch, and was formerly more populous than at 
 present. The village site was a part of the Hugg 
 estate, and the first houses built belonged to the 
 former slaves of that family, who were settlers here 
 under the provisions of an act, which required 
 owners of negroes to provide homes for them and 
 to prevent them from becoming a public charge. 
 Some of the inhabitants of Guinea Town were 
 Cubit Waterford, Archibald Farmer, Daniel Wil- 
 liamson, Daniel Stevens, Edward Jackson, Thomas 
 Quann and the Still family, who had been slaves 
 of persons living near. The last-named claimed 
 royal descent, their ancestor being a prince in the 
 direct line, when he was captured in Guinea and 
 brought to America as a slave. The Stills were 
 superior, both in stature and mental endowments, 
 and after their removal some of them became 
 prominent in the learned professions. 
 
 The soil at Guinea Town being unproductive, 
 many of the inhabitants removed, after living 
 there a few years, and the hamlet decreased in size 
 until but a few houses remained of what was quite 
 a large settlement about 1805. 
 
 Incidents of the Revolution. — Along Great 
 Timber Creek, landings were established at con- 
 
 venient points, where considerable business was 
 transacted before railways afforded more expedi- 
 tious transportation. The landing at Clements 
 Bridge has a Revolutionary interest attaching to 
 it. On the 24th of October, 1777, the Hessian 
 troops, twelve hundred strong, crossed here on 
 their retreat from the battle-field of Red Bank. 
 They had marched through the township, by 
 the King's Highway, two days previously, cross- 
 ing Little Timber Creek; but the Americans 
 destroyed the bridge at that point, which 
 prevented them from going back to Haddonfield 
 by that thoroughfare. Worn out and disheart- 
 ened, it is said that they threw two brass field- 
 pieces into the creek near where now is Clements 
 Bridge, where they have since remained. The 
 King's Highway had a course to the north, near 
 the lower part of the township, crossing Little 
 Timber Creek half a mile below its present 
 •bridge. In that locality was a tavern, called the 
 " Two Tuus," which was kept during the Revolu- 
 tion by an old lady known as " Aunty High-cap," 
 from the head-gear she wore. Here the British 
 officers were wont to assemble and regale them- 
 selves with the rum the old lady dispensed, having 
 little fear of attack or disturbance by the Ameri- 
 cans. This over-confidence led to the death of 
 one of their number, who was shot by a patriot 
 more than a third of a mile from the house, and 
 whose presence was never discovered by the Brit- 
 ish. 
 
 The tavern was abandoned after the course of 
 the road was changed, and the tavern nearer what 
 is now Brownings Landing was also discontinued. 
 At this landing and at Crispins Landing large 
 quantities of moulders' sand were formerly ship- 
 ped, and manure and coal received in return. 
 Small scows yet occasionally land at these places, 
 but they are not important in a business point of 
 view. 
 
 Mount Ephraim has a beautiful location, mid- 
 way between Gloucester and Haddonfield, five 
 miles from Camden, on the Blackwood turnpike. 
 It is also the terminus of a branch of the Reading 
 Railroad, which was completed to this place as a 
 narrow-gauge road June 10, 1876, and changed to 
 a standard gauge, in 1885, by the present company. 
 Six trains per day afford communication with 
 Camden, at Kaighn's Point, five miles distant, 
 while half that distance only separates it . from 
 Gloucester. Its situation and healthful surround- 
 ings are favorable to its becoming a thriving subur- 
 ban town. 
 
 Though an old business point, its growth has 
 been slow and was uneventful until the completion 
 
THE TOWNSHIP OP CENTRE. 
 
 711 
 
 of the railroad. That year the first regular plat 
 bf lots was made by James Davis, the original 
 village not being laid out, except a few lots by 
 Hezekiah Shivers, about 1820. In 1876 Joseph 
 Warrington also laid out an addition, and Mary 
 K. Howell one the following year. John D. Glover 
 made an addition in 1886, as also did the Mount 
 Ephraim Land and Improvement Company, which 
 was incorporated March 8, 1886. These additions 
 aggregate more than two thousand lots. In the 
 fall of 1876 the Iowa State Exposition Building 
 was removed to this place from Philadelphia, and 
 was converted into a residence for Joseph H. 
 Bower, and since that time a number of fine resi- 
 dences have been erected. In June, 1886, the vil- 
 lage had a public hall, store, tavern and twenty- 
 five dwellings. 
 
 The town hall was built in 1862 for both school 
 and public purposes, and is a neat, two- story frame 
 building. In it the Baptists have maintained a 
 Sabbath-school for several years, but in the sum- 
 mer of 1886 that denomination built the first house 
 of worship in the village. The chapel was erected 
 for mission purposes, under the direction of the 
 Baptist Church of Haddonfield. 
 
 A public-house has been kept in this locality from 
 a period so remote that the memory of the oldest 
 citizen does not reach it. The first keeper is not re- 
 membered, but it is believed to have been Ephraim 
 Albertson, from whom the village obtained its 
 name and who owned the land. He was a farmer, 
 and it is quite probable that he added to his other 
 duties those of a tavern-keeper. William Batt 
 was the proprietor of the old hostelry in 1826, and 
 James Jennett came after him, achieving con- 
 siderable reputation as a landlord and horse- trainer. 
 He often had a large number of thoroughbreds 
 in bis stables, some coming from States as far dis- 
 tant as Kentucky. Among other horses he prepared 
 for the race-course were those of General Irwin, of 
 Pennsylvania, and Dr. McClellan, of Philadel- 
 phia, father of the late General McClellan, of New 
 Jersey. Jennett had a track near his tavern and 
 also used the course near Camden, where famous 
 trials of speed took place. The old tavern has 
 had many owners, among them being Charles 
 Buckingham, who is still the proprietor, though 
 not the keeper of the place. 
 
 Opposite the tavern was the first store, a small 
 farm building, which was removed in 1877, after 
 Charles C. Clark had put up the present stand on 
 an adjoining lot. Clark has since been in trade, 
 and is also postmaster of the Mt. Ephraim oflBce, 
 which is the only one in the township. In the old 
 building a number of persons traded, among those 
 86 
 
 best remembered being Jonathan Johnson, James 
 M. Glover, Joseph Tomlinson, Samuel Eastlack, 
 Peleg Brown, William Garrett, John I. Brick and 
 Charles Brown. 
 
 On the corner beyond the turnpike Wm. Hugg 
 formerly had an undertaker's shop which was 
 changed to a store by Daniel Lamb, where Simon 
 W. Mitton and James Cordery afterwards traded. 
 William K. Cook was the last there engaged in 
 merchandising, and converted it into a residence 
 which is now occupied by him. On this corner 
 several mechanics' shops are carried on, but the 
 proximity of Mt. Ephraim to older and larger 
 towns has limited its interests and occupations to 
 what has been above noted. 
 
 The Hedden Methodist Episcopal Chuech. 
 — This house of worship is in the old Budd neigh- 
 borhood, on the Blackwood turnpike, a little less 
 than a mile from Mount Ephraim. It is a large, 
 plain frame building, standing on a spacious lot,- 
 connected with which is a cemetery of about an 
 acre of ground. As it now stands it was erected 
 in 1868, at a cost of $2500, but prior to that time a 
 smaller house, built about 1840, had been occupied. 
 The church has been connected with other appoint- 
 ments in this and Gloucester County to form a 
 circuit, belonging at present to Chews Landing 
 Circuit. Its membership in 1886 was sixty, and 
 the board of trustees was composed of Hiram J. 
 Budd, J. C. Curtis, John Webb, John Williams, 
 John Peters and James McManus. A Sunday- 
 school of eighty-five members has George W. 
 Barnes as its superintendent. 
 
 In the cemetery the following interments have 
 been noted, most of these persons named having 
 been connected with the church : 
 
 Jehu Budd, died 1882, aged fifty-two years. 
 Jacob Wagner, died 1884, aged eighty-five years. 
 Amy Wagner, died 1850, aged fifty-seven years. 
 William W. Webb, died 1879, aged seventy years. 
 Elizabeth Curtis, died 1853, aged sixty-four years. 
 Joseph Webb, died 18.')4, aged eighty years. 
 Bebecca Webb, died 1855, aged seventy-one years. 
 Hugh H. Garrettson, died 1853, aged fifty-eight years. 
 Elizabeth Johnson, died 1849, aged sixty-six years. 
 Martha Coolc, died 1885, aged sixty-seven years. 
 Patience Gladden, died 1885, seventy-four years. 
 Joseph D. Fox, died 1876, aged seventy-one years. 
 Sarah Curtis, died 1879, aged seventy-seven years. 
 Eli Braaington, died 1843, aged forty-two years. 
 John Peters, died 1652, aged sixty-four years, 
 Mary Peters, died 1880, aged seventy-oight years. 
 Mary Ogg, died 1866, aged seventy-six years. 
 Elizabeth Sayers, died 1869, aged forty five years. 
 Elizabeth Budd, died 1879, aged seventy-one years. 
 Sarah Hendry, died 1842, aged eighty-three years. 
 David Galaway, died 1842, aged thirty-two years. 
 Philip Peters, died 1851, aged fifty-eight years. 
 Mary A. Peters, died 1876, aged eighty-five years. 
 Micajah Beakley, died 1876, aged sixty-three years. 
 
712 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Joseph Budd, died 1862, aged sixty-three years. 
 John Stewart, died 1867, aged seventy-eight years. 
 Martha Stewart, died 1864, aged sevonty-flve years, 
 rrederick Lister, died 1371, aged forty-nine years. 
 Jane E. Zane, died 1874, aged sixty-six years. 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 Joseph M. Haines.— The family from which 
 Joseph M. Haines is descended came from Eng- 
 land shortly after the arrival of the " Commission- 
 ers in Burlington, in 1678." They settled in Eves- 
 ham township, Burlington County, and among 
 the names are William, Thomas, Daniel, Nathan, 
 Samuel, Sarah, Deborah and Amos. 
 
 In the reign of one of the English Kings, one of 
 their ancestors offered the King a bowl of punch as 
 he rode along the highway, and he was knighted 
 on the spot for his hospitality. This characteristic 
 has been transmitted with their good name to the 
 present generation. As early as 1711 Jonathan 
 Haines married Mary Matlack. He died in 1729, 
 leaving in his will the old homestead farm. In 1738 
 Nehemiah and John Haines conveyed land to John 
 Peacock, and the old " Haines Saw-Mills," on Ean- 
 cocas Creek, was their property. In the earlier 
 periods of our country's history they were stirring 
 and energetic men. Jacob Haines was born in 
 Burlington County ; he was married twice, and his 
 children were as follows : Samuel, Abel (father of 
 Joseph M.), Jacob, Beulah, Stokes and Hannah. 
 
 Abel Haines married Nancy Moore, daughter of 
 Joseph and Nancy Moore, whose maiden-name was 
 Heulings, by whom he had the following-named 
 children: Jacob, Mary Ann, Rachel M., Eliza, 
 Samuel, Ann Eliza, Abel and Joseph M. and 
 William, all deceased but Samuel and Joseph M. 
 
 Abel, after his marriage, settled upon the farm sitr 
 uated on Beaver Branch and now owned by Joseph 
 M., and he was considered the " pioneer farmer of 
 the neighbnrhood." He was the first to bring fertili- 
 zers of any kind up Great Timber Creek in vessels, 
 and of his skill and knowledge in husbandry 
 John Gill used to say, "I borrowed from his 
 book." 
 
 Joseph M. Haines has always been a farmer and 
 lived on the old homestead until quite recently, 
 when he retired to Mount Ephraim, near which 
 place he was born on August 15, 1826. 
 
 On the 22d day of April, 1869, he was married to 
 Martha D. Calm, daughter of Davis W. and Han- 
 nah (Lacy) Calm, daughter of Thomas and Phcebe 
 Lacy. Their children are Joseph E , Ann Eliza, 
 Emily M., Abel, Martha E. and Henry C. Ann 
 Eliza is deceased. 
 
 Joseph M. Haines is a Friend, as were his 
 ancestors. In politics, a Republican. He has been 
 township collector, member of township com- 
 mittees, commissioner of appeal, member of Board 
 of Chosen Freeholders, and for eight years on 
 the standing committees continuously. While 
 freeholder he has always been noted for strict justice 
 and integrity, and at the age of sixty enjoys good 
 health. The Haineses are well-known in Burlington 
 and Camden Counties, and are connected by mjir- 
 riage with the oldest families. 
 
 Joseph M. holds the deed given in 1689 by 
 John Hugg to his son John, the Huggs at that 
 time owning vast properties, while now none is 
 held in their name, while in the name of Haines 
 it descends from father to son through the different 
 generations. 
 
//(O/^l^yn^ 
 
THE TOWNSHIP OF DELAWARE.^ 
 
 CHAPTER XVII. 
 
 civil History— Affairs of the Township duriDg the CiTil War— List 
 of Officials— Mills— Early Settlers— The Howells, Coopers, Cham- 
 pions, Collins, Burroughs, Ellis, Heritages, Kays, Matlacks, 
 Shivere, Stokesee, Davises, Frenches and othera— Old Houses— 
 Ellisburg- BatesTille. 
 
 Civil History.— The township of Delaware 
 was originally a part of Waterford township. An 
 eflTort was made in 1838 to erect a township from 
 the west end of that township. At a meeting 
 of citizens December 12th in that year notice was 
 given that application would be made to the Leg- 
 islature at the then present session for a township 
 to be made from the territory so described. It 
 does not appear that the application was made 
 until five years later, when, on the 28th of Febru- 
 ary, 1844, an act was passed by the Legislature, 
 and was approved, by which all that portion of 
 Waterford township lying north of the road run- 
 ning from Clementon to the Burlington County 
 line, near the grist-mill known as Hopkins' mill 
 (now owned by Charles E. Matlack), and extend- 
 ing to the Delaware River, embracing all the ter- 
 ritory between Coopers Creek and the Pensaukin 
 (which constitutes the dividing line between the 
 counties of Burlington and Camden, then Glouces- 
 ter), was set oflf" and designated as the township 
 of Delaware. The first town-meeting of the in- 
 habitants of the township of Delaware was held 
 in the town-house, at Ellisburg, on the 13th day 
 of March, 1844. John Coles was elected moderator 
 and Mahlon M. Coles (his son) clerk. The report 
 of the committee of the township of Waterford 
 was read and approved, after which a series of 
 resolutions were passed, embracing the following 
 points of business : 
 
 "Resolved, -That the sum of seven hundred dollars be raised for 
 township purposes. That the fees of the tiiwnship committee be 
 1 By Hoii. Edward Bnrrough 
 
 seventy-five cents per day. That the overseer of the highways be 
 paid two dollars and twenty-five cents for plowing and machinery ; 
 one dollar and seventy-five cents per day for two horses, wagon and 
 driver ; one dollar and twenty-five cents per day for one horse, 
 cart and driver ; and laborers seventy-five cents per day; and all 
 work on the roads must be done between the first day of April and 
 the first day of October. That all monej's derived from surplus 
 revenue he appropriated for the purpose of education in the town- 
 sliip. That all moneys received ftom dog-tax be appropriated to 
 pay for sheep killed by dogs. That the constable be jiaid twenty-five 
 cents for his services and the township physicians ten dollars each. 
 That the inhabitants of the township shall vote by ballot, unless 
 otherwise ordered by said inhabitants. That the town-meetings be 
 held at the town-house in Ellisburg, and the election on the first 
 day at the Union School-house, and on the second day at the town- 
 house." 
 
 The following officers were then duly elected for 
 the ensuing year, viz. : 
 
 Judge of Election, Josiah Ellis ; Assessor, Evan C. Smith ; Chosen 
 Freeholders, Jacob Troth, Joseph Kay, Jr. ; Surveyors of Highways, 
 Joseph H. Ellis, Aaron Moore ; Township Committee, Joseph K. 
 Lippincott, Samuel T. Coles, Joseph A. Burrough, Isaac Adams, 
 Alexander Cooper ; Commissioners of Appeals, Joseph H. Coles, 
 Charles Beck, Adam B. Evaul ; Overseers of Highways, Job Coles, 
 William E. Matlack, Richard Shivers, Joshua Stone, Reuben 
 Roberts ; Constable, John Lawrence ; Ovei-seei-s of the Poor, George 
 Haines, Jacob H. Fowler, Joshua Stone ; School Committee, Bei^a- 
 min W. Cooper, Joseph A. Burrough, Joseph C. Stafford ; Pound- 
 Keepers, Joseph Ellis, Jonathan Fetters ; Township Physicians, 
 Charles D. Hendry, M.D., Richard M. Cooper, M.D. 
 
 The practice of holding elections in two places 
 and on different days seems to have been aban- 
 doned by a resolution passed at the next town- 
 meeting, in March, 1845, which has never been re- 
 scinded, and which directs that all elections be held 
 in the town-house at Ellisburg. It is evident that 
 at this meeting the township committee was in- 
 structed to meet with the township committee of 
 Waterford and effect a division of the debts and 
 assets of the townships, as the following Article 
 of Agreement between the committees of the town- 
 ships of Delaware and Waterford is recorded in the 
 records of the township: 
 
 '* AGEKKMEXT BETWEEN THE COMMITTEES OF THE TOWNSHIPS OF DELA- 
 WAKE AMD WATEEFORD. 
 
 *' In pursuance of an Act of the Legislature, Entitled An Act to 
 
 713 
 
(14 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 establish a New Township, in the County of Gloucester, to be called 
 the township of Delaware. We, the undersigned, being the town- 
 ship committees of the said townships of Delaware and Waterford, 
 having met the eighteenth day of March, 1844, at the house of 
 Joseph Ellis, and having proceeded to ascertain the proportion of 
 tax assessed in each part of the township of Waterford, that now 
 constitutes the townships of Delaware and Waterford do find that 
 one-fourth part of the tax, assessed as aforesaid, was assessed in that 
 part that now is the township of Waterford, and three fourths in 
 that part that now is the township of Delaware, and we do find and 
 ascertain that there is on hand, in cash, the sum of two hundred and 
 eighty-six and twenty eight one-hundredths dollars, and there is a 
 pound built for impounding cattle of the value of twenty dollars, and 
 there is two township grave-yards, both in the township of Delaware, 
 and with their fences valued at thirty-six dollars, and a plough of 
 the value often dollars ; also a Town-House, built by the inhabit- 
 ants of EUisburg and vicinity, towards which the township of Water- 
 ford contributed two hundred dollars, amounting together to the sum 
 of five hundred and fifty -two dollars and twenty-eight cents, three- 
 fourths of which, being fourhundred and fourteen dollars and thirty 
 one cents, belongs to the township of Delaware, and one hundred and 
 thirty-eight dollars and seven cents, being one-fourth part, belongs to 
 the township of Waterford. And we do find a Bond accompanied by a 
 Mortgage against John Rogers for the sum of one hundred and sixty 
 dollars, with interest ; there is also unpaid on the Tax warranto of the 
 past and preceding years the sum of ten hundred and forty-nine 
 dollars and twenty-four cents, which, when collected, or such part*^ 
 thereof as can be collected, is to be divided as before mentioned, viz. ' 
 three-fourths to the township of Delaware, and one-fourth to the 
 township of Waterford. There are also tax warrants iQ the hands 
 of Caleb Nixon, former Constable, on which a part may probably be 
 collected. Such sums as may be collected hereafter to be divided in 
 the same proportion as before stated. The cash on band was this 
 day divided in the above proportions, and the moneys that may be 
 hereafter collected are to be divided as above, after the township of 
 Waterford deducts the sum of sixty-six dollars and fifty cents— its 
 share of the property— all of which now being in the township of 
 Delaware. 
 
 Comviittee of the tciwship of Dela- Committee of the township of 
 
 ' Alexander Cooper. 
 Joseph A. Burrough. 
 Joseph K. Lippincott. 
 Samuel T. Coles. 
 
 ' March 18, 1844.' 
 
 Waierford. 
 Joseph Porter. 
 Eichard Stafford, 
 Job Kirkbride. 
 Seth Cain. 
 John S. Peacock. 
 * Mahlon M. Coles, Town Clerk. 
 
 As will be noticed by reference to the settlement 
 between this township and the mother township 
 of Waterford, mention is made of the township's 
 interest in the school-house at EUisburg. Over 
 the door of the school-house is a semicircular mar- 
 ble slab bearing the inscription : " EUisburg 
 School and Waterford Town-House." This, it 
 seems, the people wished changed so as to bear the 
 name of the new township, and at the town-meet- 
 ing in 1848, which passed the resolutions relating 
 to Petty 's Island, the following resolution was 
 also adopted : 
 
 "Resolved, That whereas the name of Waterford 
 is placed on the marble slab in front of the Town 
 House, that the same be erased and Delaware in- 
 serted in place thereof, and that a suitable person 
 be appointed to employ a marble mason to do the 
 same, provided the cost does not exceed the sum 
 
 of fifteen dollars, to be paid out of the funds of the 
 township of Delaware." 
 
 Joseph Ellis was appointed to have the work 
 done. But whether the sum appropriated was too 
 small or whether a suitable man could not be 
 found to do the work does not appear, but from 
 some cause there was nothing further done iu the 
 matter, and the same stone, bearing the original 
 inscription, is still in its place, and is respected as 
 a souvenir of past relations with Waterford town- 
 ship. 
 
 Prior to the divi-iion of Delaware township there 
 appears to have been a great reluctance on the part 
 of the officers elected to accept their offices, as 
 special town-meetings were held in 1847, 1853 and 
 1854 to elect officers to fill vacancies occasioned by 
 refusals to serve and neglect to qualify. 
 
 Affairs of the War Period. — When the 
 War of the Rebellion broke out the people of Del- 
 aware township were not slow to respond to their 
 country's call, and goodly numbers of her sons vol- 
 unteered their services in response to the several 
 calls for troops, and it can be said to her credit 
 that her quotas were always promptly filled and 
 none of her citizens were compelled to enter 
 the service as drafted ones, although a number of 
 them can show notifications of being drafted. The 
 first action taken by the township was at a special 
 town-meeting called expressly for that purpose on 
 August 27, 1862, at which Joseph A. Burrough 
 was elected chairman and Joseph H. Fowler clerk. 
 The following resolutions were adopted : " Where- 
 as, The inhabitants of Delaware Township having 
 met at a special town-meeting to manifest their 
 patriotism to their country and to facilitate volun- 
 teering, Sesolved, That the Town Committee of 
 Delaware township be and are hereby authorized 
 to borrow Three Thousand Dollars to be appropri- 
 ated as a Bounty in sums of seventy-five dollars to 
 each person that has or may volunteer in the nine 
 months' service, and is accredited to Delaware 
 township. Resolved, That the township committee 
 pay the Bounty as soon as the volunteers are mus- 
 tered into the United States Service." 
 
 At the next annual town-meeting an assessment 
 of fifteen hundred dollars was ordered to be levied 
 towards paying off this debt. 
 
 On the 13th of August, 1863, another special 
 town-meeting was held, at which it was " Resolved, 
 To raise Twenty-Seven hundred dollars by taxa- 
 tion to pay a bounty of One hundred and fifty 
 dollars each to eighteen men, who shall be enlisted 
 to fill the quota of the township, as soon as they 
 are mustered into the United States Service." 
 
 Another special town-meeting was held on No- 
 
THE TOWNSHIP OF DELAWAEE. 
 
 715 
 
 vember 28, 1863, and the township committee was 
 ordered to borrow four thousand dollars and to pay 
 volunteers to fill the township quota under the 
 present call for troops, and Joseph 0. StaflFord was 
 appointed to go to Trenton to secure the necessary 
 legislation to make the township raise the money. 
 
 Another special town-meeting was held April 
 30, 1864. It was " Resolved, That the township 
 committee are authorized to borrow such sum or 
 sums of money as shall be necessary to pay the 
 Bounty required to fill the quota, said loan or 
 sums to be paid when there shall be sufficient 
 funds in the Collector's hands to pay the same." 
 At the same town-meeting a tax of five dollars per 
 head was levied upon every male tax-payer in the 
 township. 
 
 On July 13, 1864, another special town-meeting 
 was held, at which it was ^'Resolved, That the 
 township Committee have the Authority to get 
 volunteers and to borrow money to pay the 
 same." 
 
 Another special town-meeting was held October 
 4, 1864, at which the action of the meeting in 
 July was confirmed, and the sum of ten thousand 
 dollars was ordered to be raised and a special tax 
 of ten dollars per head was levied upon all male 
 citizens above the age of twenty years, and that 
 the tax be collected within thirty days. 
 
 Another special town-meeting was held January 
 2, 1865, at which Asa R. Lippincott was appointed 
 chairman and Elwood H. Fowler secretary, and 
 the following preamble and resolutions were 
 adopted: " Whereas, The inhabitants of the town- 
 ship of Delaware having met in special town- 
 meeting, in order to fill the quota of the township 
 and relieve the inhabitants from a draft, and the 
 quota not having been assigned; Therefore Re- 
 solved, That such persons as this meeting shall 
 designate are here by authorized to loan such sums 
 of money as shall be necessary to pay volunteers 
 to fill quota, and that the loans so ordered shall 
 not be redeemable until after the first of Novem- 
 ber, 1865, when such loans of money shall be paid; 
 that the amount necessary to pay said loans 
 be assessed and collected at the same time and in 
 the same manner as the county and township taxes 
 are raised." 
 
 At the annual town-meeting held March 8, 1865, 
 the action of the special town-meetings was ap- 
 proved, and the sum of twenty-five thousand dol- 
 lars was ordered to be raised to aid in paying off 
 the debt. In 1866 the sum of twenty thousand 
 dollars was appropriated to pay off the debt, and in 
 1867 five thousand dollars was ordered to be raised 
 for a. like purpose, which so reduced the debt that 
 
 only small amounts were raised in addition to the 
 usual appropriations. These practically extin- 
 guished the entire debt in three years after the close 
 of the war. During this exciting period, and the 
 hurry incident to enlisting and paying volunteers, 
 the handling of such unusual amounts of money 
 and the limited time often experienced in getting 
 the money and paying it away, a discrepancy of 
 about sixteen hundred dollars was found to exist 
 in the accounts, and, after a year spent in trying 
 to solve the mystery, the inhabitants, in annual 
 town-meeting, resolved to assume the debt as it 
 was, and exonerated the township committee from 
 all blame. Throughout the whole proceedings in- 
 cident to aiding the government in subduing the 
 Rebellion, the people of this township evinced a 
 determined and patriotic zeal to stand by the 
 Union ; liberal bounties were always paid volun- 
 teers, and money freely voted, and at all times in 
 unlimited amounts. Taxes were promptly levied 
 and collected, which enabled the township not only 
 to fill its quotas of volunteers for every call, and, 
 in some instances, in advance of the calls, but also 
 to extinguish its war debt within the same decade 
 in which it was contracted. Since the extinguish- 
 ing of the war debt the affairs of the township' 
 have been judiciously and economically adminis- 
 tered, and no bonded debt contracted until the 
 building of a new town-house, in 1885, when the 
 sum of two thousand dollars was ordered bor- 
 rowed to complete the structure. 
 
 At the forty-second annual town-meeting, held 
 March 10, 1885, the following preamble and reso- 
 lutions were adopted : 
 
 " WTiei-eas, The present accommodatioQS of the township of Dela- 
 ware, now enjoyed in the town and school-house, greatly interfere 
 with the puhlic school ; and Wliereas, The trustees of Ellisburg 
 School District have offered to pay to the township of Delaware a 
 Bum of money equivalent to the value of the township interest in tUe 
 present building ; and Whereas^ William Graff, a land-owner, ad- 
 joining the school property, has offered to donate a sufficient amount 
 of land to build a hall for township purposes ; therefore be it Re- 
 solved, That the proposition of William Graff to donate a lot of laud 
 sufficient to build a town hall, not less than sixty feet in front, and 
 tbe same depth as the present school-lot, be accepted. 
 
 "Beiolved^ That a committee of three be appointed, who are hereby 
 directed to proceed aud secure a good and sufficient title to the land 
 thus donated, and that as soon as the same shall be secured and the 
 money raised, that they shall proceed to build a hall for the town- 
 sbip on said lot, in such mauner and of such material as in their 
 judgment shall be to the best interest of the township, and that the 
 sum of one thousand dollars be raised especially for that purpose." 
 
 The committee appointed to do the work were 
 William Graff, Isaac W. Coles and Edward S, 
 Huston, with Alfred Hillman, Samuel L. Bur- 
 rough and John A. Meredith, of the township 
 committee, who completed the present building in 
 time for the general fall election to be held therein. 
 
716 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 OFFICERS. 
 
 Judges of Election. 
 
 .losiah Ellis From 1844 to 1848 
 
 Charles Knight From 1848 to IS.'il 
 
 Evan C. Smith From 1861 to 1852 
 
 Thomas P. Clement From 18.52 to 1 863 
 
 Charles Knight From 1863 to 18.54 
 
 Thomas P. Clements From 1864 to 1859 
 
 Evan C. Smith From 1869 to 1863 
 
 John C. Sbreeve From 1863 to 1864 
 
 Benjamin M Champion From 1864 to 1865 
 
 John G. Peak From 1865 to 1866 
 
 David D. Burrongh From 1866 to. 1868 
 
 Thomas B. Blackwood From 1868 to 1870 
 
 Isaac W. Coles From 18Y0 to 1886 
 
 Tovm Clerks. 
 
 Mahlon M. Coles From 1844 to 1847 
 
 John Eiidderow From 1847 tol849 
 
 Josiah H. Ellis From 1840 to 1863 
 
 Evan C. Smith From 1863 to 1864 
 
 George W.Armstrong From 1854 to 1855 
 
 Asa P. Horner From 1866 to 1856 
 
 Elwood H. Fowler From 1866 to 1867 
 
 Samuel B. Githens : From 1857 to 1860 
 
 Joseph H. Fowler From 1860 to 1864 
 
 BlanchardB. H. Archer From 1 864 to 1865 
 
 ■William C. Wood From 1866 lo 1867 
 
 Edward Burrongh From 1867 to 1879 
 
 Enoch C. Koberta From 1879 to 1881 
 
 Joseph K. Hillman From 1881 to 1882 
 
 Clayton Stafford From 1882 to 1886 
 
 Assessors. 
 
 Evan C. Smith From 1844 to 1849 
 
 John Kudderow From 1849 to 1854 
 
 EvanC. Smith From 1854 to 1865 
 
 Theodore W. Rogers From 1865 to 1860 
 
 Samuel B. Githens From I860 to 1864 
 
 Evan 0. Smith From 1864 to 1867 
 
 Isaac P. liippincott From 1867 to 1863 
 
 Joseph H. Fowler From 1868 to 1878 
 
 William D. Coles From 1878 to 18S6 
 
 Collectors. 
 
 George T. RisdoD From 1844 to 1851 
 
 Asa P. Horner From mM to 1855 
 
 Joel Horner From 1855 to 1869 
 
 Elwood H. Fowler From 1869 to 1870 
 
 John T. Coles From 1870 to 1877 
 
 Edward S. Huston From 1877 to 1886 
 
 Township Committee. 
 
 Alexander Cooper From 1844 to 1849 
 
 Joseph A. Burrongh From 1844 to 1845 
 
 Joseph K. Lippincott .From 1844 to 1849 
 
 Samuel T. Coles From 1844 to 1849 
 
 Isaac Adams From 1844 to 1846 
 
 Charles Knight From 1845 to 1849 
 
 Adam B. Evaul From 1846 to 1849 
 
 John H. Lippincott From 1849 to 1862 
 
 Thomas P. Clement From 1849 to 1864 
 
 ■William Horner From 1849 to 1860 
 
 William E. Matlack From 1849 to 1854 
 
 Joseph H.Coles From 1849 to 1851 
 
 Joseph A. Bnrrough .....From 1860 to 1864 
 
 Isaac M. Kay From 1861 to 18.53 
 
 Joseph 0. Staffoi-d From 1862 to 1854 
 
 Joseph F. Kay From 1853 to 1855 
 
 Samuel E. Clement From 1864 to 1855 
 
 William Horner From 1854 to 1865 
 
 Isaac Browning From 1864 to 1868 
 
 John H. Lippincott From 1864 to 1856 
 
 Asa P. Horner From 1855 to 1856 
 
 Asa E. Lippincott From 1856 to 1862 
 
 Thomas Evaiis, Jr From 1856 to 1858 
 
 Evan C. Smith From 1865 to 1856 
 
 Benjamin Horner From 1856 to 1869 
 
 •loseph C. Stafford From 1866 to 1867 
 
 William Carter. .....From 1868 to 1869 
 
 JobB. Kay From 1858 to 1861 
 
 Joseph A. Burrongh From 1859 to 1863 
 
 Isaac W, Nicholson From 1869 to 1869 
 
 Mordecai W. Haines From 1861 to 1862 
 
 Joseph H. Fowler From 1862 to 1864 
 
 Samuel S. Haines From 1862 to 1869 
 
 Enoch Kobei-ts ..From 1863 to 1867 
 
 William D. Coles From 1864 to 187S 
 
 Joseph H. Coles From 1867 to 1869 
 
 Joseph F. Kay From 1867 to '872 
 
 Samuel L. Burrongh From 1869 to 1874 
 
 Asa E. Lippincott. From 1869 to 1876 
 
 John H.Wilkins Frrm 1869 to 1872 
 
 Alfred Hillman From 1872 to 1886 
 
 Leonard Snowden ...From 1872 to 1874 
 
 Joseph Hinchman, Jr From 1874 to 1879 
 
 Abel Hillman From 1874 to 1877 
 
 Joseph G. Evans From 1875 to 1877 
 
 Samuel L. Biirrough From 1876 to 1881 
 
 William D. Coles From 1877 to 1878 
 
 Charles E. Matlack From 1877 to 1879 
 
 John T. Coles From 1878 to 1879 
 
 Abel Hillman From 1879 to 1882 
 
 ■William Graff From 1881 to 1883 
 
 John A.Meredith From 1882 to 1886 
 
 Samuel L. Burrongh From 1883 to 1886 
 
 General Characteristics. — The irregulari- 
 ties of the boundaries of this township bring it 
 near the boroughs of Merchantville and Haddon- 
 field, in this county, and the villages of Marlton, 
 Fellowship and Moorestown, in Burlington County. 
 While it contains only two small villages and but 
 one church — that of St. Mary's, at Colestown, be- 
 ing the oldest Episcopal Church in West Jersey — 
 and a Baptist Chapel, recently erected in Ellis- 
 burg, which constitute the religious institutions of 
 the township, and there are but three school build- 
 ings in the township ; yet, notwithstanding this 
 seeming scarcity of churches and schools, there is 
 no community in the county that enjoys better fa- 
 cilities in these respects, owing to those in adjoining 
 townships and whose school districts and parishes 
 embrace large tracts in this township. The gen- 
 eral character of the township is that of a prosperous 
 agricultural community, composed of an intelli- 
 gent, honest, economical and industrious class of 
 citizens. The soil is that of a sandy loam, al- 
 though nearly every variety of the soils of West 
 Jersey are to be found within its limits. To a 
 greater or less extent, nearly every branch of ag- 
 riculture is pursued ; grain and grass, stock, truck, 
 fruit and dairy-farming are largely Carried on and 
 its products and value of its lands compare favora- 
 bly with any in the State, being Well watered and 
 drained by numerous live streams, tributaries of 
 the two creeks forming its boundaries. The in- 
 habitd,nts of this township have always regardied 
 
THE TOWNSHIP OF DELAWARE. 
 
 7X7 
 
 a good system of highways essential to the welfare 
 of the people, and since the formation of the 
 township, expend annually the greater portion of 
 the township taxes upon the highways. 
 
 Mills. — The manufactures are chiefly composed 
 of grist-mills and carriage-making shops. Of the 
 former there are at present three in operation, 
 with two or three vacant sites awaiting develop- 
 ment. The mill now known as Leconey's Mill 
 situated in the northwestern past of the township, 
 on the Church road, about half a mile west of 
 Colestown Cemetery, was built by Reuben Rob- 
 erts in the year 1838, who several years after sold 
 it to Richard Leconey, the present prosperous and 
 respected owner, It has long been noted for the 
 superior quality of the flour manufactured in it. 
 Charles Matlack's mill, in the eastern part, was 
 formerly known as Hopkins' Mill, and is still in 
 good repair and doing considerable business. It 
 was built by John Sparks near the close of the 
 last century. A few years ago one of the largest 
 and best grist-mills, situated in the southern part of 
 the township, and known as Peterson's Mill, was 
 burned down, and although the foundations of a 
 new building have been erected, the site still re- 
 mains vacant. Stevenson's Mill, near Ellisburg, 
 was at an early day in a flourishing condition, but 
 has been abandoned for the past decade and is fast 
 going to decay. The most flourishing of all the 
 establishments of the kind in the township is the 
 mill of J. G. Evans & Co., on Coopers Creek, near 
 the borough of Haddonfield, familiarly known as 
 Evans' Mill. This mill was erected by Isaac Kay, 
 in 1779, who, by will, left it to his son Joseph. It 
 later passed to Mathias Kay, and in 1819 the prop- 
 erty was purchased by Thomas Evans, by whom 
 it was rebuilt and enlarged in 1839, and greatly 
 improved by the introduction of modern machin- 
 ery. Thomas Evans dying in 1849, left the mill 
 by will to his son, Josiah B. Evans. He, with 
 progressive ideas, had it thoroughly altered and 
 changed and was assisted by Solomon Matlack, a 
 first-class millwright, whom.Mr. Evans took in with 
 him as one-third partner. 
 
 Josiah Evans died in 1869, leaving the property 
 to his children, who now own it, and the business 
 is carried on by the son, Joseph G. Evans, who is 
 ably assisted by Reuben Stiles. In all these years 
 the flour was made by the old-fashioned mill- 
 stones, but in 1883 it was changed into a roller- 
 mill and supplied with the Stevens rolls and many 
 other improvements. Recently they added the 
 Four-Reel Bolting Chest, manufactured by J. M. 
 Latimer & Co. The miU has a capacity of seventy 
 barrels per each twenty-four hours. 
 
 For an account of the Kay Mill prior to 1779, 
 see the history of the borough of Haddonfield. 
 
 In 1870 the population of the township was six- 
 teen hundred and twenty-five, and in the cen- 
 sus of 1880 it is put down at fourteen hundred 
 and eighty-one, showing a decrease in ten years 
 of one hundred and forty-four. 
 
 Early Settlers. — The country comprising the 
 township of Delaware was settled about the latter 
 part of the seventeenth century, and many of the 
 people who made this their home were followers 
 of William Penn, and the Society of Friends 
 claimed, perhaps, the greater portion of the in- 
 habitants. Among those who appear to have 
 made an early settlement, and whose names appear 
 on the township records, are the Bateses, Burroughs, 
 Coleses,Coopers, Collins, Davises, Ellises, Gills, Her- 
 itages, Haineses, Kays, Matlacks, Champions and 
 Shivers, and their descendants, still bearing these 
 names, are numbered among the present inhab- 
 itants. Samuel Coles came from Coles Hill, 
 Hertfordshire, England, and located a tract of 
 five hundred acres of land on the north side of 
 Coopers Creek, fronting on the river. This survey, 
 according to " Early Settlers of Newton," bears date 
 Third Month 13, 1682. Being a neighbor of William 
 Cooper at Coles Hill was, no doubt, the cause of 
 his locating near him in America, as William 
 Cooper at that time lived on the opposite side of 
 the creek, in the midst of an Indian village. 
 These Indian neighbors informed Coles that there 
 was better land farther back from the river ; he 
 determined to v.erify these statements, and find- 
 ing them correct, he, in 1685, purchased of Jere<- 
 miah Richards a tract of over one thousand acres, 
 which, although unbroken forest, he called New 
 Orchard. This tract is now known as Colestown, 
 and embraces many valuable farms, and much of 
 the land still remains in the direct and collateral 
 branches of the family. Samuel Coles was a 
 member of the Legislature in 1683 and 1685, and 
 was one of the commissioners appointed to locate 
 the boundary line between Burlington and Glou- 
 cester Counties. He returned to England a few 
 years later, and died at Barbadoes, on his return 
 voyage to America. He had but two children, 
 Samuel and Sarah; the former inherited the whole 
 of the real estate, and occupied the same until his 
 death, in 1728. The old house, built by the first 
 Samuel, was standing a few years since; it was 
 bujlt of logs, one story high, and had but two 
 windows ; it has been used for various purposes, 
 and is located in the farnj-yard of Joseph H. Coles, 
 at Colestown, a lineal descendant from the first 
 Samupl Coles, and in whom the title of the prop- 
 
718 
 
 HISTOEY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEKSEY. 
 
 erty still remains. The Coles are a numerous 
 family, and although many have emigrated, there 
 still remains many of the name within the town- 
 ship. It is upon a portion of the Coles tract that 
 St. Mary's Church, the first Episcopal Church in 
 West Jersey, was erected about the year 1703, and 
 it still remains in a good state of preservation. 
 The history of this ancient edifice is deserving of 
 a more extended notice, and will he found in 
 another chapter. 
 
 One of the earliest settlers in what is now Dela- 
 ware township was Thomas Howell, who, although 
 not of the Dublin colony, yet, in 1675, purchased 
 part of a share of the propriety in West Jersey of 
 Benjamin Bartlett, whose wife, Gracia, was a 
 daughter of Edward Byllinge. Howell resided in 
 Staffordshire, England. He came to this country 
 and located a tract of six hundred and fifty acres 
 of land, in 1682, on the north side of Coopers 
 Creek, in Waterford (now Delaware) township, 
 which "included what is generally known as the 
 Jacob Troth farm on the east, and extended down 
 that stream nearly one mile, and back into the 
 woods about the same distance." Upon this tract, 
 which he called "Christianity," he built a house, 
 in which he lived the short time he was in the 
 settlement. The next year, 1683, he, with Samuel 
 Coles, represented the territory which a few years 
 later became Waterford township, and, with Mark 
 Newbie and others from Newton township, repre- 
 sented the Third (or Irish) Tenth in the Legisla- 
 ture of the State. The house in which he lived is 
 supposed to have been near the creek, on the Bar- 
 ton farm. He located other lands in Gloucester 
 County, which soon after passed to others, as he 
 died in 1687. Before his death he conveyed one 
 hundred acres of the land on Coopers Creek to 
 Richard Wright (whose son John married Eliza- 
 beth Champion). He settled upon it and left it to 
 his son John, who, in 1691 and 1693, purchased 
 other lands of the Howell survey and adjoining 
 land, later owned by John Champion, his father- 
 in-law. His family consisted of his wife, three 
 sons^Samuel, Daniel (married Hannah Lakin, 
 in 1686) and Mordecai — and three daughters, — 
 Priscilla (married Robert Stiles), Marion (married 
 Henry Johnson) and Catharine. His children 
 were born in England, and his wife, Catharine, did 
 not come to this country during his life-time, but, 
 in 1698, was a resident of Philadelphia. Samuel, 
 the eldest son, remained in England. Daniel came 
 into possession of the homestead, and in 1687, the 
 year of his father's death, he sold to Mordecai 
 two hundred and fifty acres of land, with the build- 
 ings, on Coopers Creek. In 1688 he conveyed one 
 
 hundred acres of the homestead to Moses Lakin, 
 probably a brother of his wife, and, in 1690, sixty 
 acres of the same tract to Josiah Appleton, adjoining 
 other lands of John and Eichard Appleton, at a 
 place then called " Appletown,' ' a little village entire- 
 ly lost. In 1691 Daniel moved from Coopers Creek 
 to a place near Philadelphia, which he called 
 Hartsfleld, and after a short residence removed to 
 Stacy's Mills, at the falls of the Delaware, around 
 which the city of Trenton was afterwards built. 
 He became, with Mahlon Stacy, one of the first 
 and most active residents of that now thriving 
 city. 
 
 Mordecai Howell, son of Thomas, was one of the 
 witnesses in the controversy between the Penns 
 and Lord Baltimore. He says he came to America 
 in 1682, and ascended the Delaware Eiver in com- 
 pany with the ship that brought William Penn, in 
 November, 1682. After his father's death, in 1687, 
 he returned to England and resided there three 
 years. The ancestral home at Tamworth, in Staf- 
 fordshire, in the division of the estate, was left to 
 Daniel, who subsequently passed it to his brother, 
 Mordecai, who retained it. He returned to this 
 country in 1690, and lived on the homestead prop- 
 erty on Coopers Creek. In 1697 he sold it to Henry 
 Franklin, a bricklayer, of New York, who did not 
 move to the place, but. May 13, 1700, sold it to 
 John Champion, of Long Island, who settled upon 
 it. The farm contained three hundred and thirty 
 acres and was named "Livewell," probably changed 
 from " Christianity " by Mordecai Howell, who 
 resided there several years. In 1687 Thomas 
 Howell, the father, erected a dam on Coopers 
 Creek, probably with a view of building a mill. 
 He was indicted by the grand jury for obstructing 
 the stream, and abandoned the work. His son 
 Mordecai, a few years later, built a saw-mill at the 
 mouth of a small branch that emptied into Coop- 
 ers Creek. This mill in time came to John Cham- 
 pion, and was in use many years. He became 
 largely interested in real estate in Gloucester Coun- 
 ty, and, in 1702, bought of Henry Treadway the 
 Lovejoy survey, an account of which will be found 
 in the history of Haddonfleld borough. Lovejoy 
 was a blacksmith, and a tract of land now in Del- 
 aware township, on the north side of Coopers Creek, 
 where the Salem road crossed that creek, which he 
 obtained for his services from the Richard Mathews 
 estate, was named by him " Uxbridge," probably 
 from a town of that name in Middlesex, England. 
 Mordecai Howell located a tract of fifty acres of 
 land adjoining and below the present Evans mill. 
 It does not appear that he was ever married, and 
 that about 1706 he removed to Chester County, Pa. 
 
THE TOWNSHIP OF DELAWARE. 
 
 719 
 
 The widow of Thomas Howell, in 1693, then a 
 resident of Philadelphia, conveyed to Henry 
 Johnson (who about that time married her daugh- 
 ter Marian) eighty eight acres of land, on which 
 he settled, and where for a generation his family 
 also resided. 
 
 Gabriel Thomas, writing in 1698, says of Robert 
 Stiles, who married Priscilla Howell : " The trade 
 of Gloucester County consists chiefly in pitch, tar 
 and rosin, the latter of which is made by Robert 
 Stiles, an excellent artist in that sort of work, for 
 he delivers it as clear as any gum arabick." 
 
 He settled on the north side of the south branch 
 of Pensaukin Creek on land now owned by 
 Samuel Roberts, where he died in 1728, leaving two 
 sons, Robert and Ephraim, from whom the family 
 of that name descend. Thomas Howell by will 
 bequeathed to Priscilla one hundred acres of the 
 homestead property, which herself and husband, 
 in 1690, conveyed to Mordecai. 
 
 William Cooper was the first settler of the name 
 at Coopers Point (now Camden), of whom a full ac- 
 count will be found in the early settlement of that 
 city. Id the latter part of his life he conveyed all 
 his land at Pyne or Coopers Point to his sons and 
 retired to a tract of land containing four hundred 
 and twenty-nine acres, which he located in 1685, 
 it being in the township of Waterford) now Dela- 
 ware), where he built a house and about 1708 moved 
 to the place. 
 
 A part of the house is still standing, being a 
 portion of the homestead of Benjamin B. Cooper, 
 and afterwards the property of Ralph V. M. 
 Cooper (deceased). To this house he removed, but 
 not long to remain, as he died in 1710. The funeral 
 party went on boats down Coopers Creek to the 
 river, thence to Newton Creek and up the latter to 
 the old grave-yard. William Cooper left a large 
 family and his descendants still hold some of the 
 original estate in the city of Camden, which has 
 followed the blood of the first owners from genera- 
 tion to generation for nearly two hundred years. 
 Alexander Cooper and his son, Richard M., lineal 
 descendants, are the only ones of the name now 
 residing in the township, although not upon these 
 lands. 
 
 William Cooper, in 1687, located five hundred 
 and seventy-two acres of land, now in Delaware 
 township. This came to his son Joseph and later 
 to his grandson Joseph. He had a daughter Mary, 
 who married Jacob Howell. She died young, but 
 left two daughters, Hannah and Mary ; the former 
 married John Wharton, and the latter, in 1762, 
 married Benjamin Swett. They lived upon these 
 lands, which in old records are designated as the 
 87 
 
 Wharton and Swett tracts. The Wharton farm 
 includes the farm now owned by Mrs. Abby C. 
 Shinn, widow of Charles H. Shinn. On this farm 
 stands an old house, built prior to 1728, at which 
 time it was occupied by George Ervin, a tenant of 
 Joseph Cooper. 
 
 Other farms on the original survey are owned 
 by Charles H. and Robert T. Hurff, Edward W. 
 Coffin, Montgomery Stafford and others. Benja- 
 min Swett, to whose wife part of this survey de- 
 scended, built a saw-mill on a stream running 
 through it, and his son, Joseph C. Swett, subse- 
 quently built a grist-mill on the same site. This 
 was carried away by a freshet, and another erected, 
 which was burned a few years since. 
 
 Daniel Cooper, the youngest son of Daniel (the 
 son of William), settled on a tract of land, in 1728, 
 on the south side of the north branch of Coopers 
 Creek. This was a survey of five hundred acres 
 made by William Cooper in 1687, and is now di- 
 vided into several valuable farms. The dwelling 
 of Daniel Cooper was on the plantation formerly 
 owned and occupied by William Horten, deceased. 
 In the old titles Daniel is called a " drover," 
 which calling he perhaps connected with his farm- 
 ing operations and derived some profit therefrom. 
 
 In connection with the Cooper family, it might 
 not be out of place to call attention to the har- 
 mony which seems to have always prevailed be- 
 tween the early settlers of Gloucester County and 
 their Indian neighbors. There are no traditionary 
 tales of night attacks, wars, massacres and pillage, 
 as are found in the histories of almost all the other 
 colonies; this is attributable, no doubt, in a great 
 measure, to the settlers being largely composed of 
 the Society of Friends, whose peaceful propensi- 
 ties soon won the confidence of these children of 
 the forest, and their treaties, like that of Penn, 
 were never broken. It is a singular coincidence 
 that, as the Coopers settled among the Indians of 
 the county, so the last of the aborigines died upon 
 the land of the Coopers, on the farm lately owned 
 by Benjamin D. Cooper, in Delaware township. 
 This Indian was well-known tg many of the pres- 
 ent generation, and was found dead in an old hay 
 barrack, one morning in December, where he had 
 no doubt sought to spend the night after one of his 
 drunken revelries. He was buried in a corner of 
 an apple orchard, on the farm which ever after- 
 ward and still is known as the Indian Orchard. 
 This grave is in a good state of preservation.* It 
 is located near a corner to the lands now owned by 
 
 1 The writer of this skotch, in company with a colored hoy by the 
 name of Joseph M. Johnson, remounded the grave on Thanksgiving 
 Day, 1884. 
 
720 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEESEY. 
 
 Samuel Coles, Geo. W. Moore and the heirs of 
 Sarah A. C. Lee (formerly Cooper). 
 
 The family of Champions were at Hempstead, 
 L. I., in 1678, where John and Thomas and their 
 families resided. On the 13th of May, 1700,' 
 Henry Franklin conveyed to John Champion, of 
 Hempstead, L. I., a tract of three hundred acres 
 of land on the north side of Coopers Creek, in 
 Waterford township (now Delaware), to which 
 place he removed. Part of this estate is what is 
 now known as the Barton farm, and upon which 
 stood the residence of John Champion ; this was 
 near where one of the roads crossed Coopers Creek 
 in going from Burlington to Philadelphia. The 
 difficulty of getting travelers across the creek led 
 to the establishment of a ferry, a license for which 
 was granted by the grand jury of Gloucester 
 County, and the charges fixed. 
 
 The coming of John Champion to West Jersey 
 was, no doubt, caused by his daughter Elizabeth 
 marrying John Wright, a son of Richard Wright, 
 who had purchased land there of Thomas Howell. 
 In 1691 and 1693 the son John increased his 
 possessions by purchasing adjoining tracts from 
 Thomas Howell's heirs. In 1718 John Champion 
 divided his landed estate between his sons Rob- 
 ert and Nathaniel, by a line running from the 
 creek into the woods, and made each a deed dated 
 April 24th. His other children were Thomas and 
 Phoebe. He died in 1727. Robert Champion 
 had one son, Peter, whi, in 1740, married Hannah 
 Thackara ; she deceased and he married Ann Ellis, 
 a daughter of William, a son of Simeon Ellis, in 
 1746, by whom he had one son, Joseph. Peter 
 Cliampion died in 1748, and his widow, Ann, 
 married John Stokes, and after his demise she 
 married Samuel Murrell, 1761. By each marriage 
 she had children. Joseph Champion, the issue of 
 the second marriage of Peter, married Rachel 
 Collins, a daughter of Samuel Collins and Rosanna 
 (Stokes), in 1771. By this marriage he had three 
 sons — Samuel C, William C. and Joseph — and a 
 daughter, Mary. Rachel Champion died January 
 7, 1783, when her youngest child, Joseph C, was 
 but two weeks old. Joseph married Rachel Brown, 
 of Springfield, Burlington County, in the spring 
 of 1784. By this marriage he had three sons and 
 one daughter. Ann Ellis, the wife of Peter Cham- 
 pion, inherited a tract of land on both sides of the 
 Moorestown and Haddonfield road, now owned 
 by the heirs of William Morris Cooper and 
 Samuel M. Heulings, a lineal descendant of 
 Simeon Ellis, through the Murrellson his mother's 
 side. Joseph C. Champion, the son of Joseph 
 Champion, married Sarah Burrough, daughter of 
 
 John Burrough, in 1809. His children were Ann 
 W., who married Joseph Ellis; Chalkley Collins, 
 who married Christiana Geading, of Philadelphia, 
 and died in 1866; William Cooper, married 
 Rebecca F., daughter of Benjamin Howey (he died 
 in 1879) ; Elizabeth R., married George G. Hatch 
 in 1836 (he died in 1842, leaving her with three 
 children ; the oldest one, Charles, was a soldier in 
 the Union army during the entire War of the 
 Rebellion) ; John B., married Keturah Heulings in 
 1850 (he died in 1884, without issue); Mary M., 
 married William Yard, of Philadelphia, in 1852 
 (he died in 1862, no issue) ; Benjamin M., married 
 Mary Ann, the daughter of General William Irick, 
 of Burlington County ; Joseph, died single in 
 1829; Emily, died young; Samuel C Champion, 
 a twin brother of Richard B. Champion, never 
 married; Richard B. married Mary G. Kay, in 
 1855. He has three children— Marietta K., Sarah 
 J. and Isaac K. — who reside in Camden. The 
 name is now extinct in the township. Joseph 
 C. Champion died January 28, 1847 ; his widow, 
 Sarah Champion, died July 12, 1860. Samuel C. 
 was a blacksmith, and plied his calling at Coles- 
 town, on the property lately the residence of 
 George T. Risdon, but now owned by Watson 
 Ivins, adjoining the farm of Thomas Roberts. 
 
 Francis Collins, of whom a full account will be 
 found in Haddon township, where he resided, soon 
 after his settlement, in 1682, located five hundred 
 acres of land .fronting on the north side of Coopers 
 Creek, in what is now Delaware township, a part 
 of which he afterwards conveyed to his son 
 Francis, who, in 1718, sold it to Jacob Horner. It 
 is now the estate of William C. Wood. Francis 
 Collins, the father, in 1720, conveyed two hundred 
 acres of the tract to Samuel Shivers, a part of 
 which is yet in the family name. 
 
 Francis Collins also located land north of 
 Coopers Creek, as the first purchase of John Kay 
 was land from Francis Collins, which he afterward 
 sold to Simeon Ellis, and embraced the farm of 
 Samuel C. Cooper, now occupied by Jesse L. 
 Anderson, in Delaware township, and in 1689 
 Thomas Shackle bought land of Francis Collins a 
 little north of Ellisburg, which became the 
 property of John Burrough in 1735, and is now 
 o^ned by Amos E. Kaighn. In 1691 Simeon Ellis 
 purchased two hundred acres of land from Francis 
 Collins, which lay upon both sides of the King's 
 Highway, and was a part of a tract of eight 
 hundred acres conveyed in 1687 to Samuel Jen- 
 nings and Robert Dirasdale (the latter his son-in- 
 law), as trustees for his daughter Margaret, and a 
 part of which became the property of Margaret 
 
THE TOWNSHIP OF DELAWARE. 
 
 721 
 
 Hugg (a daughter of Francis Collins), who sold the 
 same to Simeon Ellis in 1695. It included the town 
 of EUisburg and several surrounding farms. In 1706 
 William Matlack purchased two hundred acres of 
 land of Francis Collins, in Waterford township, 
 near the White Horse Tavern, lying on both sides 
 of the south branch of Coopers Creek. In 1691 
 Thomas Atkinson purchased a large tract of land 
 of Francis Collins, in Waterford (now Delaware) 
 township, on Coopers Creek, of which he sold Ed- 
 ward Burrough one hundred and seven acres in 
 1693. 
 
 The Burroughs' were among the first msmbers 
 of the Society of Friends, and came from War- 
 wickshire, England, where they suffered in com- 
 mon with others of their religious belief, prominent 
 among whom was Edward Burrough, of Underbar- 
 row, the defender and expounder of the doctrines 
 of the Society of Frionds, and who preached these 
 doctrines to the people, he and a companion 
 (Francis Howgill) being the first Friends to visit 
 London. In 1654 he was mobbed in the city of 
 Bristol for preaching to the people, and cast into 
 prison in Ireland for a like offence, and finally 
 banished from the island. After Charles the Sec- 
 ond came to the throne he obtained a personal in- 
 terview with the King, and procured an order from 
 him to prevent the persecution of Friends in New 
 England, which order the Friends in London for- 
 warded by a ship that they had chartered specially 
 for that purpose at the expense of three hundred 
 pounds. Edward Burrough again visited Bristol 
 in 1662 and held several meetings there, and when 
 bidding adieu to the Friends he said : " I am going 
 up to London again to lay down my life for the 
 Gospel, and suffer amongst Friends in that place." 
 He accordingly visited London, and while preach- 
 ing to the people at a meeting at the Bull and 
 Mouth, he was arrested and cast into Newgate 
 Prison, where many Friends were then confined. 
 This was about the last of the Third Month ; his 
 case was several times before the courts, and he was 
 finally fined and ordered to lay in prison until the 
 fine was paid. The payment of a fine for such a 
 cause being contrary to his religious belief, he 
 preferred to suffer, rather than yield his principles. 
 The pestilential air of the prison soon preyed 
 
 •The name Burrough, in bodtaon heraldry, is recorded as Burg, 
 and De Bourg was the family name of William the Conqueror's father, 
 and it is from a brother of William the Conqueror that a branch of 
 the family claim direct descent. Whether these claims are strictly true 
 will probably never be ascertained, but it is evident that the family 
 was a numerous one in England at a very early day. The present 
 record of the family extends back to the beginning of the seven- 
 teenth century, when they came prominently before the people aa 
 the followers of George Fox and expounders of the doctrines of the 
 Society of Friends. 
 
 upon his health, and, although young and of robust 
 physique, he sickened and died in Newcastle Prison 
 Twelfth Month 14, 1662, in the twenty-ninth year 
 of his age. There is no record of his being mar- 
 ried or of his ever coming to America. 
 
 John Burrough was born in the year 1626, and 
 was imprisoned in Buckinghamshire in 1660, and 
 Joseph Burrough suffered the same injustice in 
 Essex during the same year. The son and daugh- 
 ter of William Burrough were maltreated in War- 
 wickshire while on their way to Banbury Meeting. 
 These facts are mentioned to show that the family 
 was numerous in England and mostly Friends. 
 They soon after came to America and settled on 
 Long IsLind, where John Burrough is first men- 
 tioned as being assessed there in September, 1675. 
 Between that date and 1689 John, Jeremiah, Jo- 
 seph and Edward Burrough were all located on 
 Long Island. In 1688 John Burrough came to 
 Gloucester County, N. J., and located near Timber 
 Creek. In 1693 Edward Burrough located a tract 
 in Delaware township (then Waterford) which em- 
 braced the farm now owned by Joseph K. Hillman. 
 He remained only a few years, when it is thought 
 he removed to Salem. This tract of land was held 
 by those of the family name for many years, and 
 until Elizabeth Burrough, a daughter of John, 
 married Samuel Matlack, whose descendants still 
 hold portions of the land. Samuel Burrough, a 
 son of John, was born in 1650, and was the third 
 person of that name that came into Old Glouces- 
 ter County. He is first noticed at the little town 
 of Pensaukin. On November 16, 1698, he pur- 
 chased three hundred acres of land from Joseph 
 Heritage, in Waterford township. He first mar- 
 ried Hannah Taylor, a daughter of John Taylor, 
 and afterwards married Hannah Eoberts, daugh- 
 ter of John and Sarah Roberts, on the 27th day of 
 the Tenth Month, 1699. They had nine children. 
 Samuel, the oldest, was born Ninth Month 28, 1701, 
 and in 1723 married Ann Gray, a daughter of Rich- 
 ard and Joanna Gray. In 1703 his father pur- 
 chased the farm of Richard Bromly, containing two 
 hundred acres of land, and it was upon this farm 
 and in the dwelling erected by Richard Bromly, 
 that Samuel Burrough and Ann Gray removed 
 soon after their marriage. This farm is now owned 
 by Charles Collins and the house above-mentioned 
 was torn down in 1845. Samuel and Ann had 
 nine children. Joseph, the fifth child, erected the 
 house, in 1761, now owned by Edward Burrough, 
 on a part of the Richard Bromly tract adjoining 
 the homestead. Joseph married, first, Mary Pine; 
 second, Kesiah Parr (widow of Samuel Parr) and 
 whose maiden-name was Aaronson ; third, Lydia 
 
722 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Streoh, another widow, whose maiden-name was 
 Tomlinson. He had one son, William, by the first 
 wife and two sons, Joseph and Reuben, by the 
 second wife. Joseph married Martha Davis, a 
 daughter of David and Martha Davis, in 1792, 
 and succeeded his father in the occupancy of the 
 house he built in 1761. They had seven children. 
 Joseph Aaronson Burrough, the fourth child, was 
 born Ninth Month 9, 1802. In 1824 he married 
 Anna Lippincott, daughter of Samuel and Anna 
 Lippincott, of Evesham, by whom he had seven 
 children. Samuel L. Burrough, being the oldest, 
 still owns, and his only son, Joseph A. Burrough, 
 now occupies a portion of the old homestead tract. 
 The house in which he dwells, by a singular coin- 
 cidence, was built by his grandfather, after whom 
 he was named, in 1861, just one hundred years af- 
 ter that built by the first Joseph, from whom it has 
 regularly descended. The present dwelling of 
 Samuel L. Burrough, erected in 1885, stands on a 
 part of the old Spicer tract, acquired from the 
 Eudderows by his father. Joseph A. Burrough, 
 after the death of his first wife, married Mary H., 
 another daughter of Samuel and Anna Lippin- 
 cott, being a sister of his first wife, for which of- 
 fence they were both disowned from membership 
 with the Society of Friends. By this wife were 
 born to him six children, only two of whom lived 
 to attain their majority, — Edward, who married 
 Emily Collins, a lineal descendant of Francis 
 Collins, and Mary L., who married Henry Troth, 
 neither of whom have any descendants. Edward 
 Burrough still owns and occupies the farm and 
 dwelling erected by his ancestors in 1761, being 
 the fifth generation to whom it has descended. 
 This farm was surrounded by heavy timber, with 
 the exception of one field, which bordered on the 
 King's Highway, leading from Camden to Mount 
 Holly, and during the Revolutionary period was 
 resorted to by the American army as a pasturage 
 for their cattle during the occupancy of Philadel- 
 phia by the British. This farm was selected for 
 that purpose on account of its being so surrounded 
 by timber as to afford a hiding-place from the pa- 
 trols that were sent out by Lord Howe to destroy 
 the American supplies, and has ever since borne the 
 name of Woodland Farm. The British were evi- 
 dently informed that cattle were in this vicinity, 
 and a detachment was sent out to capture them, 
 who fortunately took the road to Medford and thus 
 missed their prize, for they were immediately 
 driven to Cumberland County, and were, no 
 doubt, a part of the stores over which the action at 
 Greenwich Point was fought. During the period 
 of the battle at Red Bank the kitclion of this old 
 
 homestead was made the rendezvous of the Amer- 
 ican scouts, and, notwithstanding the religious 
 principles of the occupants, these scouts seemed to 
 find no fault or objection to the reception that 
 always awaited them, and many interesting anec- 
 dotes have been handed down to succeeding gen- 
 erations. These members of the Burrough family 
 and David A. Burrough, another lineal descend- 
 ant, being a son of David Davis Burrough, a 
 younger brother of Joseph Aaronson Burrough, 
 and who resides on the farm acquired by Joseph 
 Burrough from his wife, Martha Davis, are all of 
 the name now residing in Delaware township. 
 The family is by no means extinct, members of it 
 being located in nearly every county in West Jer- 
 sey, and are found in Pennsylvania, Maryland and 
 other States. 
 
 Much of the land owned by the Burroughs in 
 Delaware township was covered by dense forests 
 of large oak timber and large quantities of ship 
 and building lumber were cut and sawed on the es- 
 tate at a saw-mill built by Joseph Burrough, on the 
 farm now owned by Edward Burrough. The loca- 
 tion of this mill was near the Pensaukin Creek, at 
 the junction of two small streams that flow through 
 the farm, which at that time were a never-failing 
 source of power. This mill was burnt down during 
 the early part of the present century, and was re- 
 built by his son Jcseph, who had inherited that 
 part of the estate, and cut much fine lumber. In 
 1816 a cyclone passed through a portion of his tim- 
 ber, on the land now owned by the heirs of Joseph 
 C. Stoy (deceased). The track of the cyclone was 
 not over one hundred yards in width. The timber 
 uprooted by the storm consisted of large white oaks, 
 which were sold to the ship-yards in Philadelphia. 
 Among the trees uprooted was a white oak just 
 the shape of a ship's keel and seventy-four feet 
 long ; it was hewed in the woods and drawn to 
 Coopers Creek by seventeen horses, under the 
 management of Jacob Troth, where it was floated 
 down the creek to Philadelphia and used as the 
 keel of the United States sloop-of- war. "Seventy- 
 Four," from which circumstance the vessel was 
 named. The value of the wood and lumber at that 
 day was greater than at present, a proof of which 
 is evident from the fact that the cord-wood cut 
 from the tops of these blown-down white oaks was 
 sold at the landing on Coopers Creek for twelve 
 hundred dollars. In 1836 a severe rain-storm oc- 
 curred, which so flooded the streams that nearly 
 every mill-dam in the township was destroyed, 
 among them the dam of the pond above referred 
 to, which has never been rebuilt, althoughmuchof 
 the dam is still standing, and in a good state of 
 
THE TOWNSHIP OF DELAWARE. 
 
 723- 
 
 preservation. A short time previous to the break- 
 ing of the dam the mill was destroyed by fire. The 
 calamities occurring so near together, and the in- 
 roads made in these primeval forests, no doubt 
 caused the site to be abandoned for mill purposes. 
 
 The Ellises came from Yorkshire, England, in 
 1680 or 1683, and settled in Springfield, in Burling- 
 ton County. Simeon Ellis purchased land in 
 Waterford township, on the north side of the north 
 branch of Coopers Creek, of Francis Collins, in 
 1691, but the place of his nativity is unknown. 
 He built his log cabin on a portion near the stream, 
 on the farm now owned by Samuel Lippincott, 
 and occupied by Samuel H. Griscom, and named 
 the place Springwell. In 1695 Simeon Ellis bought 
 four hundred acres of land of Margaret Hugg, 
 adjoining his first purchase. This Margaret was 
 a daughter of Francis Collins. These first pur- 
 chases of Simeon Ellis included the land now 
 occupied by the village of Ellisburg, in Delaware 
 township. He purchased other tracts of land in 
 the vicinity, some of which include the farms of 
 John Ballenger and others on the south side of 
 the stream, and other portions are now owned by 
 William Graff, Logan Paul and Joseph K. Lippin- 
 cott, Jr. He was a member of the Society of 
 Friends, and was one of those who made up the 
 assemblages at John Kay's or Thomas Shackle's 
 houses. He died in 1715, dividing his property 
 among his children, seven in number. Simeon, 
 the fourth son, acquired that portion now embrac- 
 ing the village of Ellisburg. He died in 1773, 
 leaving six children, — Isaac, who married Mary 
 Shivers, a daughter of Samuel Shivers ; Benjamin, 
 who married Sarah Bates ; William, who married 
 Amy Matlack ; John, who married Priscilla Peter- 
 son (widow); Sarah, who married William Duyre; 
 and Simeon, who married a Bates, sister to Benja- 
 min's wife. Isaac settled that portion of the home- 
 stead including the village of Ellisburg, and died 
 there, leaving several children,— Isaac, Eebecca 
 and Simeon. Isaac married Sarah Hillman in 
 1785, and always lived near Ellisburg, on his 
 fether's homestead. About the year 1795 the Eves- 
 ham road, now Marlton turnpike, was laid, cross- 
 ing the Haddonfield and Moorestown road nearly 
 at right angles, and it was at this crossing that 
 Isaac Ellis erected a hotel, a part of which is still 
 standing. He had three sons by his first wife,— 
 Simeon, Isaac and Josiah,— and also two daughters, 
 Martha and Hannah. His second wife was Ann 
 Zane, by whom he had one son, Joseph Ellis, the 
 present owner of the hotel, and the oldest resident 
 in the place, being eighty years of age, to whom 
 most of this property descended. He died in 1828. 
 
 Joseph Ellis married Ann W. Champion, the eldest 
 child of Joseph C, Champion, who still remains the 
 companion of his declining years. Notwithstanding 
 his advanced age, he is still active and participates 
 in nearly all the public meetings held in the town- 
 ship, and possesses a mind well-stored with the 
 traditions of the neighborhood and his ancestors. 
 Joseph and Ann W. Ellis have four daughters 
 remaining, out of a family of eight children, — 
 Martha Ann, who married James Wills ; Sarah, 
 who married Samuel M. Hulings; Elizabeth, who 
 married George C. Kay; and Hannah, who re- 
 mains single — all of whom reside in the township. 
 
 The pioneers of this family shared, with their 
 neighbors, the privations of the Revoluiionary 
 period, and many interesting anecdotes are told 
 concerning their adventures. At one time the 
 Indians encamped at Oxfords Landing, at the 
 junction of the north and south branches of Coop- 
 ers Creek, came to the house of Isaac Ellis to 
 borrow fire ; the farmer was engaged threshing 
 buckwheat in the barn at the time, and directed 
 them to the big fire-place in his kitchen for the 
 coals desired ; having secured a large brand, they 
 started for home, but evidently desiring to return 
 thanks for the favor, proceeded into the barn with 
 the lighted torch, where Friend Ellis was thresh- 
 ing ; his surprise and anxiety can well be imagined, 
 and it took considerable jabbering to convince his 
 dusky neighbors of the danger they were subject- 
 ing him to ; but happily no damage resulted. He 
 continued to live on friendly terms with these 
 people as long as they remained in the neighbor- 
 hood. 
 
 During the movements of the British through 
 New Jersey, about the time of the battle of Red 
 Bank, they were informed by a Tory named Wines 
 that there was a considerable number of cattle on 
 the Ellis and Kay farms, which they were not long 
 in securing. They drove them towards Moores- 
 town, and when passing the residence now occu- 
 pied by David A. Burrough, a weaver who was 
 there at the time came out from behind the house 
 and shook his frock, which frightened the cattle 
 and they stampeded down a lane known as Fore 
 Lane and then into the deer-park woods, from 
 which the British failed to extricate them, and 
 consequently the cattle, in a day or two, returned 
 home. At the close of the war the Tory Wines 
 fled to Nova Scotia, but returned, after an absence 
 of many years, to be indignantly received by all 
 who knew him. It is from these families that the 
 town of Ellisburg was founded, and the present 
 Joseph Ellis is a descendant, and at one time 
 owned a large) tract of land in and adjoining the 
 
724 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 town. Mr. Ellis is now one of the oldest and 
 most respected of the inhabitants, and will ever 
 be remembered with kindness by all who knew him. 
 
 After the death of Peter Champion, Ann Ellis 
 (his widow) married John Stokes, by whom she had 
 two sons, who settled in Virginia. By Samuel 
 Murrell she had two children,— Samuel, who mar- 
 ried a Chambers, and had daughters ; Ann E. 
 Murrell, who married Batheuel M. Heulinga, who 
 inherited the farm whereon her son, Samuel M. 
 Heulings, now resides, from her half-brother, being 
 a part of the tract Simeon Ellis gave to his son 
 William, and has since remained in the blood, 
 although passing out of the name. Ann E. Heu- 
 lings (late Murrell) was left a widow in 1845, with 
 ten children, five of whom at this writing are de- 
 ceased. Her two sons, Batheuel and Abram, were 
 soldiers during the entire War of the Rebellion. 
 They were both in the Union army, and Batheuel 
 was severely wounded at the battle of Gettysburg 
 by a musket-ball which passed clear through him, 
 from the effects of which he finally died several 
 years after the close of the war. 
 
 The Gills were relations of Elizabeth Estaugh, 
 and no doubt came to America under her .patron- 
 age, and at one time owned and resided on a valu- 
 able tract of land in this township (see Haddon- 
 field borough). The first grant of land made by 
 John Haddon to John Gill was in 1714, for two 
 hundred and sixty acres, situated on both sides of 
 the Haddonfield and Berlin road, and near the 
 head of the stream known as Swett's Mill stream, 
 — the land now owned by Joseph C. Stafford and 
 others. At the time of this conveyance John Gill 
 resided on this tract. Prior to 1739this tract came 
 into the possession of Bartholomew Horner and 
 remained in that name until the close of the century, 
 but has long since passed entirely out of the name 
 and blood. It is from these early owners that 
 Horner's Hill School no doubt received its name. 
 John Gill afterward resided nearer Haddonfield, 
 on the premises now owned by Grifiith. On this 
 property near the junction of the two branches of 
 Coopers Creek, was a landing known as Axfords 
 Landing, a place where considerable business was 
 transacted, it being the highest landing on the 
 stream, but its exact location at this time is un- 
 known . John Gill married Mary Heritage in 1718, 
 and died in 1749, leaving two children, — John and 
 Hannah,^-who,after their marriage, resided outside 
 the limits of this township, and from whom the 
 Gills now residents of Haddon and Centre town- 
 ships are lineal descendants. Much of the lands 
 formerly owned by the Gills still remain in the 
 family name. 
 
 The Haineses settled iu the eastern portion of 
 the township, contemporary with the families pre- 
 viously mentioned, on the farm now owned by Mrs. 
 Dr. E. B. Woolston, near Cropwell, and John H. 
 Lippincott, both lineal descendants. They soon 
 became connected with the Lippincotts, who set- 
 tled adjoining plantations in Burlington County, 
 and' founded the Friends' Meeting-house at Crop- 
 well, of which religious society both families were 
 members. The Haineses soon began to migrate 
 and seek other employment, and at present the 
 name is almost extinct in the township, although 
 many of the females married and settled in the ad- 
 joining counties, and to whose descendants the 
 properties above mentioned have descended. 
 
 Richard Heritage was one of the propri- 
 etors of the town of Gloucester when it was 
 laid out, in 1686. He owned lots in the original 
 town, and was one of the signers of the memoran- 
 dum made by the proprietors as to the division of 
 lots. He was the first who bore the name in West 
 Jersey, and came from Warwickshire, Eagland. 
 He purchased rights of Edward Byllinge and his 
 trustees in 1684, and made a location of land on 
 the north side of Pensaukin Creek, in Burlington 
 County, and called the place "Hatten New 
 Garden." He purchased other rights and 
 located other lands in this township. He died 
 in 1702, without a will, and most of his land 
 passed to his heir-at-law, his eldest son, John. 
 In 1705 he sold to William Matlack one thousand 
 acres of land in Waterford township. John mar- 
 ried Sarah Slocuni in 1706. To his son Joseph he 
 conveyed considerable land. Much of this land 
 he sold. It lay on both sides of the creek and 
 now embraces several valuable farms. Samuel 
 Burrough purchased a part of this tract in 1698. 
 Joseph Heritage died in 1756, leaving six chil- 
 dren, — Richard, who married Sarah Whitall and 
 Sarah Tindall ; Joseph, who married Ruth Haines ; 
 Benjamin, who married Keziah Matlack ; John, 
 who married Sarah Hugg ; Mary, who married 
 John Gill and John Thome; and Hannah, who 
 married Mr. Rogers. 
 
 It was from Joseph Heritage and his children 
 that many of the early settlers purchased land, 
 and, although the family appears to have been a 
 large one, yet the name is now unknown among 
 the residents of the township, although some re- 
 main within the present limits of Waterford town- 
 ship and still hold a small portion of the land. 
 
 The Kays came from Yorkshire, England, about 
 1683. Many of them were Friends, and, conse- 
 quently, sufiered persecution at the hands of those 
 in authority, in the shape of fines and imprison- 
 
THE TOWNSHIP OF DELAWARE. 
 
 725 
 
 ments. At the Court of Quarter Sessions held at 
 Wakefield, in Yorkshire, in 1661, John Kay, 
 Baronet, was the presiding judge, and committed 
 sixty Quakers to prison. Ten years after, John 
 Kay was iined for attending Friends' Meeting, at 
 York, in the same shire. It is possible that the 
 latter was the same person as the former, and that 
 while the committing magistrate he became con- 
 vinced of the truth of the doctrines preached by 
 George Fox, laid aside his title and suffered with 
 the Friends in person and estate. Whether this 
 was the same John Kay that purchased land in 
 this neighborhood in 1684 is not definitely known, 
 but such is supposed to be the case. This first 
 purchase is now a part of the farm of Samuel C. 
 Cooper, now occupied by Jesse L. Anderson, about 
 a mile east of Ellisburg. The tract embraced the 
 farm of Isaac M. Kay, on the opposite side of the 
 creek, and which has regularly descended to the 
 present owner, who is a lineal descendant of John 
 Kay.' There is a tradition that John Kay first 
 lived in a cave on the hill-side near the creek, but 
 the location of the place is unknown, although the 
 story is not improbable. In 1685 a religious meet- 
 ing was established at the house of John Kay, by 
 consent of Burlington Friends, in connection with 
 one of a similar character held at the house of 
 Timothy Hancock, at Pensaukin, on alternate 
 First Days. These meetings were continued until 
 1707. During this period several marriages took 
 place, the last one recorded being that of Benja- 
 min Thackara and Mary Cooper, in 1707. These 
 meetings were attended by Friends from Evesham 
 (Mount Laurel) and Marlton, and serve to show 
 how strongly these people were attached to their 
 principles, and what difficulties they were willing 
 to overcome in order to observe the requirements 
 of the society. In this connection it may be proper 
 to mention that another meeting was held at the 
 house of Thomas Shackle, from 1695 to 1721, 
 when John Estaugh gave the ground for a meet- 
 ing-huuse at Haddonfield. The house of Thomas 
 Shackle stood upon the farm now owned by Amos 
 E. Kaighn, a lineal descendant of John Kaighn, 
 who located near Kaighns Point in 1696. In 1735 
 the farm became the property of John Burrough, 
 who most probably built the brick part of the 
 house, still standing, in the year 1736. John Kay 
 located several tracts of land near his first pur- 
 chase, fronting generally on the north branch of 
 Coopers Creek. In 1710 he purchased the man- 
 sion-house and corn-mill, on the north side of 
 Coopers Creek, now belonging to the estate of Jo- 
 siah B. Evans (deceased). This corn-mill was 
 
 1 See Haddouflcld Borough. 
 
 built by Thomas Kindall, in 1697, and stood some 
 distance below the dam. The remains of the race 
 may yet be seen, but the site of the mill is oblit- 
 erated. He died in 1742, a wealthy man, leaving 
 a large landed estate, most of which has passed 
 out of the name, until the only part of the orig- 
 inal tract that has remained continuously in pos- 
 session of the family, is the farm of Joseph F. 
 Kay, which has descended through the blood for 
 nearly two hundred years, no deed ever having 
 been made for the same. 
 
 The Matlacks came from a small village in Not- 
 tinghamshire, England, William Matlack came 
 in the first boat that came up the Delaware, and 
 was the first person to put his foot upon the shore 
 where Burlington now stands ; this was about the 
 year 1677. In 1682 he married Mary Hancock, 
 and removed to a tract of land between the north 
 and south branches of Pensaukin Creek, in Chester 
 township. In 1701 William Matlack purchased of 
 Eichard Heritage a tract of one thousand acres 
 of land, now part in Waterford and part in Dela- 
 ware townships, Camden County. In 1705 John 
 Matlack purchased two hundred acres of land of 
 Francis Collins, in Waterford township, and in 
 1708 he married Hannah Horner, and settled upon 
 his purchase. A part of this estate is now owned 
 by the heirs of John Wilkins, and the old house 
 stood a short distance from the handsome resi- 
 dence of the present owners. In 1714 William 
 Matlack gave his sod George five hundred acres 
 of land, a part of that purchased from the Heri- 
 tages. In 1717 he purchased two hundred acres 
 of land, upon which his son Eichard settled in 
 1721. This tract lies in Delaware township and 
 upon it is located the old Matlack burying-ground. 
 Eichard died in 1748 and was the second person 
 buried there. In 1779 the estate passed out of 
 the name to William Todd, and was subsequently 
 bought by Eichard M. Cooper, father of Alexan- 
 der Cooper, the present owner, who, as before 
 stated, is a lineal descendant of William Cooper, 
 the first settler of Camden. The Matlacks are a 
 numerous family and are mostly Friends. Some of 
 the name still reside within the township and 
 others in Chester township, in Burlington County. 
 William Ellis (a son of Simeon) married Amy 
 Matlack, one of the descendants in a direct line, 
 and who, thereby, became owners of part of the 
 estate. Levi (a son of William and Amy) became 
 the owner, and his grandson, Charles E. Ellis, 
 is the possessor of and resides on the estate. Wil- 
 liam and Amy settled on the land, and the house 
 they occupied is still standing. 
 
 John Shivers appears as the first settler of the 
 
726 
 
 HISTOKY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEKSEY. 
 
 name in these parts, and purchased a tract of land 
 in Delaware township, of Mordecai Howell, in 
 1692, upon which he erected a dwelling. He died 
 in 1716, and his widow, Sarah Shivers, was ap- 
 pointed administratrix. In 1720 she purchased an 
 adjoining tract of land, which extended the estate 
 east of the mill-pond. The dwelling on the farm 
 now helonging to the estate of Eichard Shivers, 
 deceased, is thought to be the spot where John 
 Shivers erected his first house, and doubtless some 
 of the material in the present edifice was taken 
 from the old. John Shivers dying intestate, there 
 is some doubt as to the exact number of his chil- 
 dren, although they are supposed to be as follows : 
 Samuel, who married Mary Deacon ; John, 
 who married Mary Clement; Mary, who married 
 Thomas Bates; Hannah, who married John Mat- 
 lack ; and Josiah, who married Ann Bates. In 
 1720 Samuel purchased two hundred acres of land 
 from Francis Collins, and the following year he 
 conveyed his interest in his father's estate to his 
 brother John, who remained on the old farm and 
 whose descendants still occupy portions of the 
 original tract represented in the farms now occu- 
 pied by Richard Levis Shivers and William A. 
 Shivers, the descendants mentioned. 
 
 At one period the house in which John Shivers, 
 the second, lived was kept as an inn, and was no 
 doubt a favorite resort. John Shivers acquired 
 several other tracts of land in this and the adjoin- 
 ing townships. He had threfi sons, — Isaac, Samuel 
 and John. The latter resided in Salem County, 
 and Charles P. Shivers, his son, lives at Swedes- 
 boro'. Samuel had three sons, — John G. Shivers, 
 who resided in Haddonfield, and whose sons, 
 Charles Hendry Shivers, an allopathic physician, 
 and Samuel Shivers, a bricklayer, still reside in the 
 borough ; Joseph C. Shivers resided at Marlton, 
 Burlington County, and his descendants still reside 
 in that vicinity, excepting Bowman H. Shivers, 
 who is a homceopathic physician and resides in 
 Haddonfield ; Bowman was the third son. 
 
 Isaac Shivers, the son of John Shivers, the sec- 
 ond, was born September 16, 1773, and acquired 
 the homestead estate, which, in turn, descended to 
 his children and grandchildren, Richard Levis 
 Shivers and William A. Shivers, who reside 
 thereon. In 1837 Isaac Shivers removed to Had- 
 donfield. but returned again to his farm in 1842, 
 but in 1847 he again removed to Haddonfield, 
 where he died October 19, 1872, having attained 
 the advanced age of ninety-nine years and one 
 month. He was buried in Colestown Cemetery. 
 His children were as follows: Sarah, born May 1, 
 1805, and remained single; Joseph Levis, born 
 
 January 7, 1807, married Henrietta Hendry, a 
 daughter of Dr. Bowman Hendry, of Haddon- 
 field, and had four children, — Bowman H., Isaac, 
 Elizabeth and William M. ; Anna, born October 
 4, 1808, and remained single ; Eichard, born No- 
 vember 21, 1810, married Mary Troth, a daughter 
 of Jacob Troth, and had five children, — Susan, 
 Eichard L.. Isaac, Anna E. and Sallie N.; Charles, 
 born July 7, 1814, married Martha Harker, and 
 had three children, — William A., Charles and 
 Ella; Jehu, born March 17, 1821, married Mary 
 Ann Hillman, and had four children, — Alfred 
 H., Edward H., Frank W. and Jehu H.; Benja- 
 min, born January 27, 1823, married Harriet D. 
 Hartley, and had five children, — Mary, Eliza, 
 Thomas H., D. Lewis and Maria; David, born 
 August 13, 1826, married Julia Cloud, and had 
 six children, — Cora, Nellie, Walter, Larenia C, 
 Cliflbrd and Clara. Many of these descendants 
 of Isaac Shivers now reside in Camden City and 
 others in Virginia. Those remaining in the town- 
 ship are Richard Levis Shivers, on the old home- 
 stead, and William A. Shivers, on another portion 
 of the original tract. 
 
 The Stokeses came from London about the year 
 1698 and settled in Burlington County. In 1709 
 Thomas Stokes (whose father settled in Burlington 
 County) purchased three hundred acres of land of 
 John Kay, now in Delaware township, the larger 
 part of which tract is now owned by Mark Ballin- 
 ger and the heirs of Jacob Anderson, Nathan M. 
 Lippinoott and Daniel Hillman (deceased). This 
 land extends on both sides of the north branch of 
 Coopers Creek, and is some of the best and most 
 productive land in the township. He settled on 
 this tract, and his house was located near the 
 present residence of Mark Ballinger. In 1696 
 Samuel Harrison located about eight hundred 
 acres of land on the south side of the north branch 
 of Coopers Creek. This consisted of four several 
 and adjoining surveys, now included in the farms 
 of Eliza A. Hillman, Joseph K. Lippincott, the 
 heirs of Jacob Anderson, Aquilla and Alfred 
 Hillman (formerly Stokes), John Craig and others. 
 He resided on this tract for several years, but the 
 place where his house stood is not known. Samuel 
 Harrison was a mariner, a brother of William and 
 Sarah Bull, who settled at Gloucester soon after it 
 was made a town. This land descended to his son 
 William, who sold it in tracts to various persons. 
 It was in the midst of an Indian neighborhood, 
 which extended from the north branch southerly 
 nearly to the south branch. Thomas Sharp, a sur- 
 veyor, in 1686, in describing a tract of land, spoke 
 of a water-course known as the Peterson's mill- 
 
THE TOWNSHIP OF DELAWARE. 
 
 727 
 
 stream as "the same as the Indian King liveth on," 
 Judging from the settlements of the first emigrants, 
 the residence of the king spoken of is believed to 
 have been on the farm now owned by the heirs of 
 Joseph H. Ellis. 
 
 That this tract was occupied by a numerous tribe 
 of aborigines is beyond a doubt, as their imple- 
 ments of stone have been found on nearly all 
 these farms. Nathan M. Lippincott, during his 
 life, took a pride in preserving those found upon 
 his farm. A large sycamore-tree, standing in his 
 door-yard, was adorned with these rude implements 
 of the children of the forest, among which could 
 be found tomahawks of diflferent sizes, pestles with 
 which they ground their corn, arrow-heada and 
 other articles, all fashioned out of stone, of a kind 
 which is not found in this section, and corres- 
 ponding with similar implements found in other 
 sections of West Jersey. There is evidence that 
 this Indian settlement was an extensive one. 
 Within the memory of some of the present inhabit- 
 ants a few of these eked out a miserable exist- 
 ence on the part of the land formerly owned by 
 Thomas Stokes, near the residence of Aquilla 
 Hillman and brother (who are lineal descendants 
 of the Stokeses), on the lands of Mrs. Dr. E. B. 
 Woolston, in Delaware township. Near the Crop- 
 well Meeting-house there lived, during the first 
 quarter of the present century, an Indian woman 
 by the name of Nancy, and a man by the name of 
 Josh Te Kaylere, or Tekaler, who were well known 
 throughout the neighborhood. 
 
 Probably the last of this tribe was an Indian by the 
 name of Joel, who followed basket-making, and, al- 
 though he preferred to live in his cabin in the woods, 
 dressed and conducted himself in imitation of his 
 white neighbors ; yet in many ways he followed 
 the customs of his ancestors. This man was well 
 known to the present residents of Marlton, Bur- 
 lington County, and is distinctly remembered by 
 the writer. He died about thirty years ago near 
 Taunton. 
 
 Thomas Shroud, in his " History of Fenwick Col- 
 ony, Salem County," says " that John Davis emi- 
 grated from Wales and settled on Long Island. 
 He married Dorothea Hogbin, an English woman 
 of large wealth. He belonged to the sect called 
 Singing Quakers, worshipped daily on a stump and 
 was very pious and consistent. He lived to the 
 extreme old age of one hundred years. A number 
 of years before his death, about 1706, he moved 
 with his family to Pilesgrove, Salem County, N. J., 
 near where Woodstown is now located. His eldest 
 son, Isaac, came to New Jersey first. John also 
 came soon after with his family. The latter and 
 
 all his family subsequently became members of 
 Friends' Meeting." 
 
 Joseph A. Burrough, in a genealogical record of 
 the Burrough family, made in 1850, and who was 
 a lineal descendant on his mother's side, says 
 the Davises came from Montgomeryshire, Eng- 
 land, where Richard Davis, a felt-maker, lived, 
 who died First Month 22, 1703, aged seventy-three 
 years. Tacy Davis, his wife, a native of Welch- 
 pool, from London, died Third Month 1, 1705. They 
 were both ministers in the Society of Friends. 
 Richard was a recommended minister for forty-five 
 years. Their son, John Davis, and his wife, Jo- 
 anna, came to America and settled at Woodstown, 
 Salem County, N. J. They had a son David, who 
 married Dorothea Causing, who was born in Eng- 
 land Eleventh Month 19, 1693, and had two sons, — 
 Jacob, who remained at Woodstown, and whose 
 descendants are now to be found in that vicinity, 
 and David, who married Martha Cole. They had 
 seven children, — Mary, Joseph, Jacob, Samuel C, 
 David, Martha and Benjamin. Martha married 
 Joseph Burrough in 1792; Mary married William 
 Rogers ; Joseph married Mary Haines, daughter of 
 Nathan Haines ; David married Mary Haines, 
 daughter of John Haines; Jacob married Eliza- 
 beth Coulson ; Samuel C. ; Benjamin remained 
 single. 
 
 Samuel C. Davis acquired through his mother 
 about eight hundred acres in the eastern part of the 
 township, which was a part of the original Samuel 
 Coles estate, and owned and resided in the house 
 now owned by Joseph 0. Cuthbert. He seems to 
 have maintained a lordly estate, a large part of 
 which he inclosed with a high picket fence and 
 established a deer-park, which is remembered by 
 jiersons now living, and which included most of the 
 land now owned by Joseph 0. and Allen Cuthbert. 
 This park fence was so constructed as to admit the 
 deer from the outside, but to prevent iheir egress, 
 and at certain seasons tame does with bells on 
 were liberated and sent into the forest, and upon 
 their return many a stately buck accompanied 
 them within the inclosure only to find himself a 
 prisoner. The Davises also acquired other prop- 
 erty, as the farm now occupied by David A. Bur- 
 rough was acquired by his grandfather, Joseph 
 Burrough, as his wife's legacy from her father, and 
 it was upon this farm that the last elk in West 
 Jersey was slaughtered, the horns of which are 
 now in the possession of Edward Burrough, an- 
 other of the descendants. The Davises were a 
 numerous family, some going into Burlington and 
 other counties, until the name is now unrepre- 
 sented in the township. 
 
728 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Charles French, a son of Charles French, owned 
 and occupied a large tract of land in the easterly 
 part of this township, whereon stood a grist- 
 mill. A large portion of this tract is now occupied 
 by Albertson Lippincott, but the mill has been 
 taken down. It is bounded by the county line, 
 the south branch of Pensaukin Creek, from 
 which stream the pond was raised. Charles 
 French was a progressive man, and his specialty 
 was "straight roads," and he was the terror of all 
 the old fogies in this region, who were willing to 
 let well enough alone. Many amusing anecdotes 
 are told of him in this connection. One of his 
 neighbors was sO aggrieved by having new roads 
 cut through his lands and timber that he sold out 
 to get clear, as he said, of " French's straight 
 roads." He purchased another tract of land near 
 B]ackwoodtown,and, as he thought, entirely beyond 
 the reach of his old enemy. Things went smoothly 
 for several years, but one day the old man found 
 Charles French, Anthony Warrick, John Hyder, ' 
 John Clement (as surveyor) and others standing in 
 his door-yard prospecting for a line whereon to 
 place a straight road going toward Blackwoodtown. 
 After some talk he concluded to accept the situa- 
 tion, and admitted the impossibility of getting 
 away from the progress of things in general and 
 Charles French in particular. On another occa- 
 sion, when the opponents of a road were hotly 
 pressing the advocates, and were likely to defeat 
 the improvement, he, to keep with the surveyors, 
 left his horse and carriage in the woods. The 
 proposed road was several miles long, and in the 
 excitement Charles French forgot his horse and 
 carriage and rode home with one of his neighbors. 
 After supper the woolly head of Bob, his old ser- 
 vant, was seen in the door-way. He said, " Boss, 
 whar's de boss and wagon?" After some reflec- 
 tion the old gentleman told old Bob where he left 
 them hitched in the woods, to which place the 
 colored man resorted and found everything safe, 
 but the horse restive and cold. He was an exten- 
 sive dealer in ship stuff and heavy lumber, sup- 
 plying Philadelphia builders with their keels and 
 largest pieces. His teams were of the best, and his 
 drivers and axemen would relate many incidents 
 of his energy and resources when fast in the 
 swamps, with wagons broken, horses mired and 
 men discouraged. In his later years he removed 
 to Moorestown, where he died at a ripe old age, 
 respected by all who knew him. 
 
 William Bates, who was one of the colony that 
 settled Newton in 1682, before his death, which 
 occurred in 1700, purchased land in Delaware 
 township, which was left to his son William, who 
 
 married an Indian girl and settled upon the land 
 now owned by Joseph C. Browning. His descend- 
 ants were numerous, and some of them still reside 
 in the township, in the village of Batesville. 
 
 The foregoing sketch of the early settlersof Del- 
 aware township may not include all of the original 
 families, but enough has been shown to locate the 
 first settlers on most of the lands embraced within 
 the present limits. 
 
 Old Houses. — The most conclusive evidence of 
 the early settlement of the township by well-to-do 
 people is the character and the substantiality of 
 the early residences, many of which are still in a 
 good state of preservation. Among them are those 
 of Amos E. Kaighn, built in 1736 ; Hannah Lip- 
 pincott's, 1742, built by Thomas and Letitia Thorn ; 
 J. Ogden Cuthbert's, 1742, built by Samuel and Mar- 
 tha Coles; Edward Burrough's, 1761, built by Jos. 
 Burrough. 
 
 This township being peculiarly an agricultural 
 one, many of the farms are known by names which 
 in many instances have been handed down from 
 generation to generation. Among those familiar- 
 ly known are the following : 
 
 Brookfield Farm, owned and occupied by Tsaao AV. Kicholaon. 
 
 Cherry Hill Farm, owned and occupied by heirs of Abram 
 Browning. 
 
 Coopei-field Farm, owned and occupied by Amos E. Kaighn. 
 
 Cedar GroTe Farm, owned and occupied by Samuel L. Burrough. 
 
 Murrell Farm, owned and occupied by Samuel M. Heulings. 
 
 Woodland Farm, owned and occupied by Edward Burrout^h. 
 
 Pleasant Valley Farm, owned and occupied by Jcseph Hinoh- 
 man. 
 
 Woodbine Farm, owned and occupied by William C. Wood. 
 
 Locust Grove Farm, owned and occupied by KIwood Evans. 
 
 Deer Park Farm, owned and occupied by Joseph 0. Outhbert. 
 
 Green Lawn Farm, owned and occupied by llwood Rockhill. 
 
 Thorndale Farm, owned by Hannah D. Lippincott and occupied 
 by her son, William T. Lippincott. 
 
 New Orchard Farm, owned and occupied by Joseph H. Coles. 
 
 Hickory Hill Farm, owned and occupied by George W. Moore 
 Alexander Cooper and Edward W. Coffin. 
 
 Locust Hill Farm, owned and occupied by Aquilla Hillman and 
 brother. 
 
 Ellisbueg. — The originators of the hamlet of 
 Ellisburg may be traced to the days when a 
 mania for straight roads pervaded the land, when 
 the old crooked and indirect highways were being 
 abandoned and the people were seeking a better 
 and quicker means of traveling. The new road 
 from Evesham to Camden crossed the land of Isaac 
 Ellis, and soon after the road from Moorestown to 
 Haddonfield was laid and found to intersect the 
 before-named highway on the land of the said 
 owner. This at once became a public place, and a 
 tavern, blacksmith-shop and some dwellings were 
 soon erected there. and the surrounding property 
 advanced in value. It is in the midst of a good 
 agricultural neighborhood, and the descendants of 
 
THE TOWNSHIP OF DELAWARE. 
 
 129 
 
 many of the old families occupy the ancestral acres 
 still. The old Burlington and Salem road passed 
 a short distance to the east of the town and crossed 
 the north branch of Coopers Creek about half a 
 mile above the present bridge. This old bridge 
 had its tradition, for Dr. Tommy, the only physi- 
 cian of that day in the neighborhood, in returning 
 home one night after visiting a patient at the tav- 
 ern at Haddonfield, missed his footing as he was 
 crossing the bridge, and was drowned. His body 
 was found the next morning, but the place was 
 " haunted" ever after that time, and Dr. Tommy's 
 ghost -was often seen by those passing, especially 
 if they had indulged in the "hot toddy" as fur- 
 nished by the landlord of the hostelry before named. 
 Some of the oldest and most influential people of 
 the county lived in this neighborhood. Benjamin 
 Burrough owned and lived where William Graff 
 now resides; Edward Collins owned the Logan 
 Paul plantation and lived there ; Charles Ellis 
 owned the land late Job B. Kay's, and lived near 
 the creek ; Samuel Ellis and Isaac Ellis occupied 
 land near by; and Samuel Kay, Mathias Kay and 
 John Kay lived higherup the creek; andBenjamin 
 B. Cooper, always an active and progressive man, 
 occupied the old Cooper homestead, west of the 
 Ellis land. John Coles, Samuel Coles and others 
 had farms father north, but were considered neigh- 
 borhood folks, and were always at funerals, har- 
 vest and hog-killings. 
 
 The village is located at the intersection of the 
 Moorestown and Haddonfield road and the Cam- 
 den and Marlton turnpike, near the centre of the 
 township, on a part of the land embraced in the 
 first purchase of Simeon Ellis from Margaret Hugg, 
 a daughter of Francis Collins. Simeon died in 
 1773, and left this tract to his son Isaac, who first 
 settled here and built part of the present tavern- 
 house. Before the days of railroading this hos- 
 telry did a thriving business, being a place of 
 resort for drovers and stock-dealers, which at 
 times made it a sort of bazar for the farmers of the 
 surrounding country, and thousands of cattle, 
 sheep and horses have been sold from the stable 
 and yards attached to the hotel. In 1831 the 
 township of Waterford and the school district 
 united in erecting a building for school purposes, 
 in which- the town-meetings and elections were 
 also held until 1885. In the spring of that year 
 William Graff, a near-by resident farmer, who has 
 acquired most of the Ellis farm, which was formerly 
 attached to the hotel, donated a lot of land ad- 
 joining the school property to the township of 
 Delaware, upon which to erect a Town Hall. This 
 offer was accepted, and the present building 
 
 erected during the year, and finished in time to 
 hold the annual fall election in it. Mr. Graff also 
 donated another lot adjoining the Town-House 
 lot to the Baptist Sunday-school of Haddonfield, 
 provided they established a Sunday-school and 
 built a chapel thereon, which offer was also ac- 
 cepted, and the present neat edifice erected. The 
 old school-house still stands on the land donated 
 by the present Joseph Ellis in 1831, and although ' 
 raised to the dignity of a two-story building and a 
 graded school, and equipped with modern school 
 furniture, the old foundations still remain, and 
 the marble slabs over the doorway and in the end 
 of the building bear evidence of its former use. 
 The hotel building is still kept as an inn and 
 tavern, yet much of its former glory has departed. 
 The post-office is located in the store of Thomas 
 Eexon, which is the only mercantile establishment 
 in the place. The carriage and blacksmith-works of 
 William Heaney are new buildings and are doing 
 a thriving trade. Joseph Ellis is the only person 
 of the name still residing in the village. He is 
 the son of Isaac Ellis, and a great-grandson of 
 Simeon, who died in 1773. He is now nearly 
 four-score years of age, yet possesses a memory 
 still fresh and vigorous and replete with many 
 interesting episodes of his early manhood. He kept 
 the hotel for a number of years, and afterwards 
 directed the operations of his farm. He married 
 Nancy, a daughter of Joseph Champion, who is 
 still the companion of his advanced years. His 
 remaining children are all daughters, — Martha, 
 who married James Wills ; Sarah, who married 
 Samuel M. Heulihgs ; Elizabeth, who married 
 George C. Kay ; and Hannah, who remains sin- 
 gle. His son, Joseph C. Ellis, died in 1885, leav- 
 ing one child to bear the name. 
 
 A school-house was located upoii the farm now 
 owned by Samuel M. Heulings, as early as April 
 18, 1775, known as Murrell's School, but has 
 long since been lost sight of by the present in- 
 habitants. It was no doubt the forerunner of 
 the Ellisburg School, which was built by sub- 
 scription. The land upon which this building 
 stood is not mentioned in the annals, although 
 the date of the subscription is Fourth Month 16, 
 1806. The following were the subscribers : Samuel 
 Ellis, Charles Collins, Isaac Cooper, Elizabeth 
 Kay, Samuel Kay, Benjamin Burrough, Mahlon 
 Matlack, Joseph Griffith, Samuel C. Davis, Ruben 
 Burrough, John Cole, Isaac Luallen, Isaac Ellis, 
 Abel Nicholson, Edward Collins, Mathias Kay, 
 Samuel Murrell, George Marambach, Charles Ellis, 
 Joseph Champion, Benjamin Cooper, James Zane 
 and Samuel Thene. 
 
730 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 The post-office was established November 5, 
 1852, since which time the succession of postmas- 
 ters, with the dates of their appointment, has been 
 as follows : 
 
 Elwood H. Fowler, appointed No-vomlor 5, 1862. 
 Simeon B. Ellis, appointed May 4, 1864. 
 
 (Discontinued February 25, 1855 ; re-eatulilislied April 14, 1866.) 
 EKvood H. Fowler, appointed April 14, 1856. 
 Joseph Ellis, appointed August 19, 1867. 
 
 (Discontinued Fobruai-y 10, 1868 ; ro-establiBhed August 25, 1871.) 
 Joseph C. Ellis, appointed August 25, 18"1. 
 William Graff, appointed October 29, 1S72. 
 
 Thomas Kexon, the present incumbent, appointed September 21. 
 1874. 
 
 Batesville. — The village of Bates ville, situated 
 on the western central border of the township, is 
 the natural overflow of the borough of Haddoii- 
 fleld and is named after William Bates, who owned 
 considerable property in that vicinity, laid out the 
 laud in lots and built the house at the junction of 
 the Millord and Berlin roads, now kept as a hotel 
 by his grandson, Robert Bates. The population 
 of this village in 1870 numbered eighty-six, and 
 since that time no distinct census of its inhabitants 
 has been taken, although there is an evident in- 
 crease in its population. Stores, blacksmith and 
 wheelwright-shops have all been located in the 
 place, but as the abilities of the proprietors in- 
 creased they soon removed to Haddonfield or 
 other localities. The growth of this place is 
 caused by home-seekirg citizens who enjoy the 
 ownership of a quiet rural home where they can 
 rear their families and enjoy the rewards of their 
 toil in a peaceful and moral community. 
 
 CoLESTOWN. — In the eastern part of the town- 
 ship, and about a mile east of St, Mary's Church, is 
 Old Colestown proper. But little remains to show 
 what constituted the business of the place. The 
 location is on the farms of Thomas Roberts, Jo- 
 seph C. Haines and the property of Watson Ivins. 
 The attraction of the locality was a mineral spring 
 with an unfailing sujiply of water. The owner of 
 this stream had the water analyzed and the record 
 of the analysis was cut in letters on a marble slab 
 and set up beside the spring for all to read. The 
 owner is supposed to have been Allenson Giffins, 
 who built a hotel or sanitarium, which was known 
 as the Fountain Hotel, and was the resort of num- 
 bers of invalids and became quite famous in its 
 day. This spring is located on the farm of Joseph 
 C. Haines, but has become so filled up as to be 
 difficult to find. 
 
 The Fountain Hotel property finally passed in- 
 to the possession of Joseph Roberts, and was ac- 
 quired by his son Isaac, who used it aa a residence 
 for several years, and his daughter Susanna, the wife 
 of the present William D. Coles, was born in the old 
 
 hotel. About thirty-eight years ago Isaac Roberts 
 moved the frame part of the building to the farm 
 now owned by Joseph C. Haines, and with the 
 brick and stone constructed the front of the pres- 
 ent farm-house, while the original frame consti- 
 tutes the remainder of this building and is now a 
 substantial, modern edifice. 
 
 The marble slab that stood by the spring was 
 removed by Joseph C. Haines, the present owner, 
 and does service as a door-step at his residence, 
 near Lumberton, Burlington County. 
 
 Alleu.son Giffins or his ancestors at one time 
 kept a tan-yard near the hotel, but it has long since 
 disappeared, although portions of its remains are 
 at times discovered by the plowman. In late 
 years Joseph Roberts owned a saw-mill near the 
 hotel and its location is still discernible. Although 
 the former prosperity of the place has long since 
 departed, the location is beautiful in its quiet se- 
 clusion, and if the mineral spring ever again comes 
 into prominence its old-time popularity can easily 
 be revived. 
 
 St. Mary's Church. — In the eastern central 
 part of the township, on a jiortion of the Samuel 
 Coles estate, near the intersec'tion of the Church 
 and Moorestown and Haddonfield public roads, 
 stands St. Mary's Protestant Episcopal Church, 
 known as the Colestown Church. The history of 
 this ancient edifice dates back into the beginning 
 <if the eighteenth century, and by some writers it 
 is claimed that it grew out of the controversy of 
 George Keith, which separated many Friends from 
 the religious doctrines as laid down by George 
 Fox. George Keith, in his journal, says that " on 
 September 15, 1703, I preached at the house of 
 William Heulings in AVest Jersey," As this house 
 was but a short distance from where the church 
 was built, it is accepted as the beginning of St. 
 Mary's Church at Colestown. John Rudderow, 
 who came from England about 1680, and settled 
 in Burlington County, near the Pensaukin Creek, 
 died in 1729, and left ten pounds by his will 
 towards the building of "a church in tliat place 
 (to be convenient hereaway) " in that neighborhood. 
 
 A few years later another incident is related by 
 Abigail Rudderow, widow of William Rudderow, 
 a grandson of the first John (above mentioned). 
 She was the daughter of Thomas and Rebecca 
 Spicer, and always resided in the neighborhood. 
 She says, " At nine years of age I was baptized at 
 the church (which at that time was being built, 
 the roof being on and weather-boarding up as high 
 as the window-sills), by Dr. Jenny. The ground 
 had been previously consecrated by Dr. Jenny, 
 from Philadelphia." This lady was of remarkable 
 
THE TOWNSHIP OF DELAWARE. 
 
 731 
 
 intelligence and memory, and was conversant with 
 the doings of that region of country. She was 
 born in 1742, lived to be eighty-three years of age 
 and left a large number of descendants ; her bap- 
 tism occurred in 1761, and the circumstances 
 attending it fixed themselves so indelibly upbn 
 her memory that it is safe to assert, upon her 
 authority, that the edifice was erected during that 
 and the following year. The building erected in 
 1751 or 1752 was repaired in 1825, without any 
 change as to the interior arrangement, and again 
 in 1866 the building was repaired by the liberality 
 of a few of the descendants of the original families 
 and the residents of the surrounding country, and 
 its original features carefully preserved. The 
 high pulpit, the small, narrow chancel, the 
 galleries, with their high-backed wooden benches, 
 and the bosed-in seats of the choir all remain in 
 their original simplicity, a monument of the 
 economy of past generations. 
 
 The Rev. Robert Jenny, A.M., came to New 
 York as chaplain in the royal army stationed in 
 that city. In 1722 he was chosen rector of the 
 church at Rye, New York, and subsequently came 
 to Philadelphia, and was made rector of Christ 
 Church, a position he held until he died, in 1762, 
 aged seventy-five years. 
 
 There is no continuous record of the ministers 
 who, at various times, supplied the church, and 
 such as are here mentioned seemed to act in the 
 capacity of missionaries, the church standing in a 
 thinly-settled neighborhood (at that time) and 
 being several miles from any town. William 
 Sturgeon, the assistant of Dr. Jenny, visited the 
 people once each month while the house was in 
 progress of erection. Nathaniel Evans, a young 
 man of good education and good talent, had 
 charge of St. Mary's and the church at Gloucester. 
 He resided with his parents at Haddonfield, and 
 preached for six years. He dieid October 29, 1767, 
 aged twenty-five years. An interval of five years 
 now occurred, when Robert Blackwell was selected, 
 November 19, 1772. He also resided in Haddon- 
 field, and during the Revolutionary War was 
 chaplain in the army, which again left the church 
 without regular service. Henry Miller, of Phila- 
 delphia, was his successor ; he was soon followed 
 by Rev. John Wade, who died in 1799. His 
 remains were interred in front of the main entrance 
 to the church, the stone that marks his grave at 
 this day being buried beneath the soil-. Samuel 
 Sprague, who lived in Mount Holly, occasionally 
 preached here. Andrew Fowler next followed. 
 After him came Levi Heath, of Burlington, and 
 Samuel Pussey, who caused much trouble in the 
 
 church and proved to be an impostor; and then in 
 succession came Daniel Hogbee, in 1807, and 
 Richard Hall, who preached there in 1811. 
 
 The grounds belonging to the church embrace 
 about three acres. At the time of the selection of 
 the site there was no public road from what is 
 now Merchantville to Evesham (formerly called 
 Green Tree), and when the present road was laid it 
 cut ofFa corner of the church property, from which 
 fact the road was ever after called the Church road 
 and is so recorded. The church stands on the south 
 side of the road and nearly all the lands belonging 
 to it have been occupied as a grave-yard since the 
 erection of the church. The yard is almost full, 
 and but few interments are now made within its 
 limits, which fact, in some degree, led to the or- 
 ganization of the Colestown Cemetery, whose 
 grounds surround it on three sides and under whose 
 management and care the property remains. The 
 oldest legible stone now standing in the yard is 
 that of Philip Wallace, aged eighty-two, who was 
 buried there in 1746. The tomb of his wife, Mary 
 Wallace, aged eighty years, is dated the same year. 
 This aged couple were among the earliest settlers 
 and were Friends until the Keithian controversy. 
 In 1760, Humphrey Day and Jane, his wife, were 
 buried here, aged respectively seventy-five and 
 sixty-five years. Elias Toy was interred here in 
 1762, aged forty-seven. 
 
 Many of the rude, rough monuments erected 
 here to mark the resting place of friends and 
 families have yielded to time and exposure, show- 
 ing at this date only parts of letters and figures 
 from which nothing can be deciphered ; although 
 those a few generations later are fairly well pre- 
 served and include on them some striking epitaphs, 
 of which the following are notable specimens. 
 
 "Jacob Browning. 
 Died Oct. 22d, 1794 Aged 41 Years 
 Farewell my dear and loving wife 
 My children and my friends 
 Here I talie up my new abode 
 Wherelife it hath no end." 
 
 " Catharine Browning 
 Widow of George Browning for 17 Years 1 Month and 1 week, who 
 departed this life, March 26th, A.D. 1793, aged 02 Years 
 Stop dear friends as you pass by 
 As you are now so once was I 
 As I am now so must you be 
 Prepare for death to follow me." 
 " Sacred to the Memory of 
 George Browning who departed this life April 11, 1835. 
 As a husband — affectionate and Kind 
 As a father — Indulgent and Careful 
 As a neighbor— Obliging and Peaceable 
 As a Citizen — Useful, honest and upright." 
 " Hannah, wife of Benjamin Van Leer Died June 13, 1766. 
 Transitory world farewell 
 Jesus Calls with him to dwell." 
 
732 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Other ancient graves are numerous, among them 
 Samuel Browning, died November 25, 1806; Sarah 
 Ogden Browning (his daughter), died 1794 ; John, 
 son of Isaac Jones, died November 13, 1774, aged 
 eighteen years ; J. Githens, 1772 ; Kobert Fr. Price, 
 died September 18, 1776; Mary Fr. Price, died 
 July 14, 1787 ; George Hannold, died January 25, 
 1782 ; another rude stone near these two last bears 
 the simple inscription, cut in an unskilled hand, 
 " W. B.— 1777 D. B.— 1775." 
 
 On the opposite side of the road, and on the 
 small portion of the church property cut off when 
 the Church road was laid out, stands an aged white 
 oak, the only monumental witness of the transac- 
 tions of the past ages, and under whose shade the 
 worshippers in this edifice have lingered to exchange 
 a kindly greeting ere they separated to their dis- 
 tant homes. Along the King's Highway the con- 
 tending forces in the Revolutionary stiaiggle passed 
 to and fro, and many stirring incidents took 
 place in its vicinity, and in this ancient edifice the 
 British ofiicers under the standard of St. George 
 listened to their chaplains, while resting on their 
 march to meet their foe. And, in turn, also did the 
 American commanders receive the benediction of 
 their chaplains or the minister in charge as they 
 paused in their pursuit of the enemy of their lib- 
 erties and independence. It is a current tradition 
 that the great Washington also attended service in 
 this building several times during the war, and 
 laying aside his sword, knelt at the little chancel 
 and partook of the Holy Communion, after the 
 rector had proclaimed " peace on earth and good 
 will to men." 
 
 It is not known who constituted the choir dur- 
 ing the periods of regular service in the church ; 
 the last person remembered to have filled that 
 position was John Fairlamb, an old resident of the 
 neighborhood. 
 
 The size of this ancient edifice is thirty-four by 
 thirty feet. The height to the eves is fourteen 
 feet. The roof is of shingles. The main entrance 
 is at the side an"d has double doors. Single doors 
 are at each end of the building, and one window 
 on first floor, with two in each end on the second 
 story or galleries. A narrow window on each side 
 of the chancel and two windows front and two 
 back furnish abundant light. Probably the most 
 noteworthy object of the interior is the stove. It 
 was made in England ; the exact date cannot be 
 made out, but the figures seventeen and something 
 resembling a six is clearly visible ; it is of cast- 
 iron, in three cylinders of unequal size set one 
 upon another, with a door in the centre one, and 
 three short legs under the lower one. To the 
 
 casual observer it appears like a coal -stove, but the 
 contrary is the case — it is a wood-stove. The fuel is 
 set perpendicularly in it, the draft is perfect and 
 its heating powers, notwithstanding its advanced 
 age, are suflicient for the building in the coldest 
 weather. The features of the interior are in good 
 preservation, and in style and durability are 
 characteristic of the age when the church was con- 
 structed. 
 
 The communion service is now iu possession of 
 Trinity Church, Moorestown, and consists of two 
 pieces, a paten and a chalice, both of solid silver, 
 and the paten, or plate, in particular is very 
 heavy ; the chalice has engraved on its foot " St. 
 Mary's Church, Colestown," and the same inscrip- 
 tion is inscribed on the bottom of the paten ; but 
 instead of having been engraved it appears to have 
 been scratched very carefully by some prudent 
 church ofllcer. When Trinity Parish, the child of 
 St. Mary's, was established at Moorestown, these 
 consecrated vessels came by right of inheritance 
 into possession of the new church, and apart from 
 their sacred character, they are treasured for their 
 associations with the past. The Bible was pre- 
 sented to this church by Mrs. Dr. Jenny, the wife 
 of its first rector (so far as known), in 1752, and 
 was published in London in 1682. The book, 
 although somewhat abused of late years, is now in 
 the possession of Jacob Stokes Cole, of Haddon 
 township, by whom it is carefully preserved and 
 cherished for its asssociations. The church ser- 
 vice, above alluded to, is reported to have been 
 presented by Queen Anne to her loyal subjects at 
 Colestown, in America, but the difference between 
 the death of the Queen, in 1714, and our earliest 
 data concerning the building of the church, in 
 1752 — a period of thirty-eight years — rendei's it im- 
 possible to assert this report with any degree ot 
 correctness, although it is highly probable that the 
 service came from England, and was perhaps the 
 gift of some official, either of church or state. 
 
 The residents of this section of West Jersey who 
 made up the congregation of St. Ma,j-y's Church 
 were not free from the personal prejudices and 
 preferences that in nearly every denomination have 
 cropped out to create dissensions and divisions. 
 
 Prior to the year 1796 there had been much 
 contention among the church members concerning 
 the direction and management of the grave-yard, 
 and so far did some of the congregation carry their 
 views that they refused to allow any of their fam- 
 ilies to be interred within the church-yard, and 
 several family grave-yards were located on farms 
 in different sections. John Rudderow interred his 
 family in a private yard which was located between 
 
THE TOWNSHIP OF DELAWARE. 
 
 733 
 
 the late residence of Benjamin Rudderow and 
 Charles H. Dill, near Merchantville, but after his 
 death the bodies were removed to Colestown. 
 Another of these grave-yards was located in Bur- 
 lington County, near the north branch of Pensau- 
 kin Creek, nearly on aline between the farms now 
 owned by Dr. N.Newlin Stokes and Samuel Slim, 
 and belonged to another branch of the Rudderow 
 family. Joseph Coles became so dissatisfied that 
 he interred the dead of his family just over the 
 church-yard fence, in his field, nearly in front of 
 the church, where they still remain and where his 
 own remains rest. Before his death he set apart a 
 piece of ground especially for his family's use, and 
 it is now inclosed by the Colestown Cemetery, and 
 designated as the Coles Family Burying-Ground, 
 and does not belong to either the church property 
 or the cemetery grounds, but, like the church-yard, 
 it is now under the care and supervision of the lat- 
 ter company. The dissensions which led to the 
 establishment of these private grave- yards was, no 
 doubt, largely owing to the troubles about their 
 pastor, the Rev. Samuel Passey, as the follow- 
 ing extracts from the church minutes will enable 
 the reader to adduce. One thing, however, is cer- 
 tain : if there had been no agitation, the names of 
 the congregation which comprise the subscribers 
 would never have been retained to inform after 
 generations who worshipped here a century ago. 
 
 *'A Regulation. 
 
 " Made and Concluded upon by theWardena and Vestry of St. Mary's 
 
 Church, Colestown, in the Township of Waterford, and County of 
 
 Gloucester, On the first Day of September, 1796, for the Use of the 
 
 Church and Burying-Ground. 
 
 " Whereas, a Kegulation in the Grave-Tard is most Ardently to be 
 Wished, and has long been Desired, for the Burden has Lain Heavy 
 On some this Long time. Who have always been Willing to Cast in 
 their Mite for the Support of The above-said place, to Keep it in 
 Order, And Again there are others that will not help to Support S^ 
 place, for, Say they, We shall be as Well off as they who Do Support 
 it, nor shall we pay more for a Grave than they Do ; therefore Con- 
 cerning So bad a plan, the Wardens and Vestry of said Church have 
 taken it into Consideration, and have put Forth this plan to their 
 fellow Brethren, far and Near : 
 
 '* To all Whome it may Concern, Be it known that any one Mean- 
 ing to Hold a Kite to the Church and Grave-Yard, known by the 
 name of Colestown Church, in The township of Waterford, and 
 County of Gloucester, Shall pay a Certain Sum of Money, Yearly, 
 Which Shall be on the First Monday in September in Each year, for 
 the Support of S^ Church and Yard, and in Case they Do not pay 
 the first Nor Second years' Subscriptions to the Wardens or Vestry 
 (who shall meet on the aforesaid Day for that purpose). Their names 
 shall be Erras^ out of the Book, and become A Non-subBcriber, Not- 
 withstanding what they Have done, And it is Likewise agree^ on 
 By the Wardens and Vestry of S^ Church that all those Who will 
 not Become Subscribers, Yearly, for the Support of the Church And 
 Burying-Ground (which becomes Every good Christian to HeJp Sup- 
 port a place for the Dead), Be it Known unto them That they Shall 
 pay for Breaking the Ground for Every Time they Cause it to he 
 Broke, Which Sum Shall be from One Dollar to four Dollars, Accord- 
 ing to their abilities. Which Is to be Judged By Joseph Coles, War- 
 den of S<* Church, Or any other that may be appointed for that pur- 
 
 pose Hereafter Shall think fit, Which Money Shall be put Into the 
 Treasurer's Handsfor the Use of Repairs, &c., being Free from the 
 Sexton's fees— The Sexton's fees to be Paid Besides, for his Labor. 
 And thirdly, the Wardens and Vestery have a Serious Consideration 
 for the poor, Who Can Scarcely Provide for the Cares of this Life 
 &c., thereupon when they Come to lay their Heads in the Lap of 
 Earth, Such Shall have Free Liberty to Inter their Dead in the 
 Above-Sd Church-yard free from all other Expence but the Sexton's 
 fees ; Therefore, we, who have hereunto Set our names, Do promise 
 To pay, or Cause to be paid, the Sum Assingn^, Against our names 
 By the first Monday in September, 1797, And Continue it Yearly as 
 Witness ourH»nds, this fifth Day of September, 1796. 
 *' Entered According to Order By 
 
 "Emmanuel Begary. 
 
 " Glarlc ofSd Church.'' 
 SuBSCEiBERs' Names.' 
 
 William Rudderow, Sr 
 
 Samuel Rudderow 
 
 Joseph Coles 
 
 William Hunter 
 
 Emmanuel Beagary 
 
 Abram Harris 
 
 John Osier 
 
 Samuel Slim 
 
 Joseph Plum ;.. 
 
 Joseph Githens 
 
 Kendal Coles, Jr 
 
 John Middleton 
 
 Frederick Plum 
 
 Peter Slim 
 
 Clement Kimsey 
 
 John Plum, Sr 
 
 Joseph Newton 
 
 Gideon Bates 
 
 William Jones 
 
 George Grayham 
 
 John Holland 
 
 Andrew Crocket 
 
 Thomas McMastere 
 
 John Jonson 
 
 Elijah Toy 
 
 John Plum, Jr 
 
 Francis French 
 
 Brasilia Allen 
 
 John Wilson 
 
 John Stiles 
 
 Michael Stow 
 
 Joseph Heppard 
 
 Andrew Maines 
 
 Thomas Morris 
 
 John Chambers, Sr 
 
 John Chambers, Jr 
 
 Thomas Brooks 
 
 Samuel Jones 
 
 Valentine Bowers 
 
 Deborah Kimsey (Deed.).. 
 Elizabeth Wilson (Deed.) 
 
 Ann Jones 
 
 Hannah Lippincott 
 
 Mary Wilson 
 
 Thomas Hunter 
 
 William Johnson 
 
 Amos Stiles 
 
 Thomas Davis 
 
 John Pearson 
 
 Samuel Wilson 
 
 James Hale 
 
 Edward Morgau 
 
 Isaac Brady 
 
 Benjamin Fish 
 
 Adam Vennal 
 
 William Watens 
 
 George Daniel 
 
 Abram Fiah 
 
 Andrew Toy 
 
 Job Archer 
 
 William Dod 
 
 Mary Whetstone 
 
 Hezekiah Ward 
 
 Francis Williamson 
 
 Samuel Middleton 
 
 John Callius 
 
 Amos Ivens 
 
 Benjamin Hollinshead 
 
 Lawrence Vandegrift 
 
 Joseph Stiles 
 
 Isaac Stiles 
 
 William Chambers 
 
 Isaac Fish 
 
 «. d. 
 
 7 6 
 
 1797 
 
 1798 
 
 1799 
 
 1800 
 
 1801 
 
 1802 
 
 1803 
 
 7 (i 
 
 paid 
 paid 
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 paid 
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 7 6 
 
 paid 
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 6 
 
 dec. 
 
 
 
 3 9 
 
 
 
 3 9 
 
 paid 
 
 
 
 
 3 9 
 
 
 
 
 3 9 
 
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 3 9 
 
 paid 
 
 
 
 
 3 9 
 3 9 
 
 dec. 
 
 
 
 3 9 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 2 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 now; 
 
 paid 
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 3 9 
 
 
 
 
 3 9 
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 3 9 
 
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 3 9 
 
 
 
 
 3 9 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 dec. 
 
 
 
 
 
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 paid 
 
 
 
 
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 7 6 
 
 
 
 
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 110^2 
 3 9 
 
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 3 9 
 
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 3 9 
 
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 3 9 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 9 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 7 6 
 
 
 
 
734 
 
 HISTOKY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEKSEY. 
 
 Joseph Armstrong 
 
 Michael Korn 
 
 John Kudderow 
 
 Henry Growel 
 
 WiUiain Clements 
 
 John Pike 
 
 William Le Ceney 
 
 Lissee Thomas 
 
 John Stone, Sr 
 
 Wm. Holmes, Jr. (Nailer) 
 
 David Clements 
 
 Abram Stone 
 
 Sarah Starn , 
 
 AbnerStarn , 
 
 Mary Clements , 
 
 Andrew Starn 
 
 Henry Deets , 
 
 Richard Leceney 
 
 W. Middleton (deceased).. 
 
 Thomas Stone .... 
 
 John Stone , 
 
 Elizabeth Anderson 
 
 Humphrey Day 
 
 William Holmes (poor).., 
 
 Joseph Dawson 
 
 James Vaughan 
 
 Isaac Venable 
 
 William Venable 
 
 Joseph Pike 
 
 David Gomere (deceased).. 
 
 John Leceney 
 
 Thomiis Rogers 
 
 John Williamson 
 
 Ann Lonten 
 
 Elizabeth Holmes 
 
 Simeon CliflFen 
 
 Samuel Osier, Jr 
 
 Sarah Osier. 
 
 Owen Osier 
 
 Samuel Baxter 
 
 David Wallace 
 
 Samuel Osier 
 
 Joshua Osier 
 
 Mary Thorn 
 
 Samuel Taylor 
 
 Henry Porch 
 
 Abraham Browning 
 
 Patieuce Morgan (dec.)... 
 
 John Bell 
 
 Jacob Stremback 
 
 James Hunter 
 
 George Mintle 
 
 Joseph Githeos 
 
 Charles Daniel 
 
 John Ben-y 
 
 Rachel Hannold 
 
 Joseph Whitelock 
 
 Samuel Hunt 
 
 Nicholas Stiles 
 
 Thomas Peacock 
 
 James Burden 
 
 .lane Burilen 
 
 EliasFish 
 
 Robert Beck (or Peck) 
 
 Abraham Johnson 
 
 Joseph Johnson 
 
 John Harden 
 
 Isaac Harden 
 
 Hezekiah Toy 
 
 Philip Terrapin 
 
 Dorcas Haines 
 
 David Olaypole 
 
 John Fish 
 
 Ann Budd 
 
 William Healings 
 
 Jacob Wishenn 
 
 W^illiam Peacock 
 
 Thomas Quick 
 
 John Quick 
 
 Jacob Toy 
 
 Levy Stiles 
 
 Anther Quick ,... 
 
 Thomas Hunter 
 
 George Browning i . .. 
 James Stiles^ ..,.£1 
 
 paid 
 
 paid 
 
 s. d. 11797 
 110 J4 paid 
 3 9 
 7 6 
 3 9 
 5 7K 
 3 9 
 
 3 9 
 3 9 
 3 9 
 
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 paid 
 
 1798 
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 3 9 
 
 3 9 
 
 7 6 
 
 3 9 
 3 9 
 3 9 
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 3 9 
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 7 6 
 3 9 
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 3 9 
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 3 9 
 3 9 
 110 
 110!^ 
 39 
 
 10 
 
 paid 
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 paid 
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 paid 
 paid 
 paid 
 
 paid 
 paid 
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 1799 
 paid 
 
 paid 
 
 paid 
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 paid 
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 paid 
 
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 1801 
 dec. 
 
 paid 
 
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 dec. 
 
 It will be observed that no payments were 
 made by the subscribers after the year 1799; the 
 
 1 Absent first two years. 
 
 2 James Stiles paid four dollars for his right to the grave-yard 
 February 6, 1826. 
 
 payments became irregular and partially stopped, 
 owing to the difficulties with their pastor, 
 Rev. Samuel Passey, who it is believed was an im- 
 poster. These difficulties came well-nigh dividing 
 the church, and the previous difficulties about 
 maintaining the yard caused considerable specula- 
 tion and talk in the neighborhood, by referring to 
 the minutes in the church-book. The difficulty 
 took definite shape in 1803, when Samuel Kud- 
 derow and Joseph Coles were elected wardens, and 
 Wm. Kudderow, Wm. Chambers, Edward Harris 
 (declined), Benj. Hollinshead, Jos. Plum, Isaac 
 Fish, Jacob Toy, John Osier, John Clements, 
 Clement Kimsey were elected vestrymen ; Joseph 
 Coles, treasurer ; Emmanuel Beagary, clerk. 
 
 The Eev. Samuel Passey, rector, was present at 
 this meeting. On the 17th of January, 1803, a 
 business meeting of the wardens and vestry of the 
 church was held and the following members were 
 present : Samuel Eudderow, Jos. Coles, wardens ; 
 Abraham Harris, Isaac Fish, Wm. Chambers, 
 Benjamin Hollinshead, Jacob Toy, John Osier 
 and Clement Kimsey. At this meeting a motion 
 was made and carried relative to the standing of 
 Rev. Samuel Passey as rector; the motion reads as 
 follows: "On motion whether it would not be 
 proper to apply to the standing committee for the 
 ordination of Mr. Passey, according to the consti- 
 tution of our church, which does not allow any 
 person to preach in the pulpit without being an 
 ordained minister, etc. Resolved, Therefore that a 
 letter of recommendation be drawn up, signed by 
 the wardens and vestry and sent to the standing 
 committee for the above said purpose." This was 
 probably the first action taken in reference to 
 Passey's rectorship. 
 
 At this meeting another motion was entered rel- 
 ative to the placing of a tombstone at the Eev. 
 John Wade's grave, inmemory of their late pastor. 
 But it was thought best to defer it for the present ; 
 perhaps the heirs might arrive from England. Jos. 
 Coles was directed to set out as many Lombardy 
 poplars for shade as, according to his judgment, he 
 might think proper. By a vote of five yeas and 
 four nays it was ordered that the vestry carry the 
 collection box by turns, but this was finally 
 abandoned by the vestry promising to raise the 
 money necessary by other means. This was done 
 by six of the vestry taking a list of the subscribers 
 and making collections, and various sums from 
 time to time were raised and paid into the treasury, 
 but no list of those making the payments has been 
 kept. On the 16th of January, 1804, another 
 meeting of the wardens and vestry was held, and 
 Abraham Harris and Emmanuel Beagary and John 
 
THE TOWNSHIP OF DELAWARE. 
 
 735 
 
 Savage, of Philadelphia, were appointed a com- 
 mittee to wait on the committee of ministers for 
 the purpose of forwarding the petition for the or- 
 dination of Mr. Passey. Emmanuel Beagary was 
 also instructed to have some benches made with 
 backs, for the better accommodation of the people. 
 On the 2d of June, 1805, a meeting of the vestry 
 was held, and Abraham Harris and Emmanuel 
 Beagary, the committee to forward Mr. Passey's 
 ordination, reported that they had done so, but 
 failed in the attempt. They then moved for Mr. 
 Passey as a lay-reader, which was referred to the 
 standing committee, who reported as follows: 
 
 '• Jie&olvedy That whenever the Vestry of the Said Church shall 
 produce to the Chairman of the Committee a Certificate of the tit- 
 neBB and moral character of Mr. Samuel PaBsey, signed by the 
 Bishop of PennsylTania, and two of the Clergy of the City of Phila- 
 delphia, the Said Chairman shall he authorized to give a License to 
 the said Mr. Passey to officiate as a Lay-reader in the Said Church of 
 Oolestown and shall prescribe the mode of his conduct agreeable to 
 the directions of the 10th Canon of the General Convention of the 
 Church, held jn the year 1804. On the 16th of June, the Committee 
 waited upon the Bishop of Pennsylvania for the purpose of obtain- 
 ing the above mentioned Certificate, who informed them that he 
 had no right to recommend any person for the above purpose, but 
 would use his endeavors to supply us with a minister as soon as 
 opportunity offered." 
 
 On the 23d of June the committee reported the 
 statement of the bishop to the vestry of the church, 
 when Mr. Passey moved for the vestry and congre- 
 gation to declare St. Mary's Church an indepen- 
 dent church. After deliberating until July 7th, 
 of the same year, the vestry passed the following 
 resolution : 
 
 "Besolved, That it is the opinion of the vestry that the congrega" 
 tion in general do not possess a thorough knowledge of or understand 
 the proper nature of an independent church, and 
 
 "Whereas They taking up the motion themselves by vote, it is 
 unanimously agreed that it should not be an independent church." 
 
 The motion was, therefore, lost. Mr. Passey was 
 duly informed of the action of the church, and 
 requested permission to stay his year out. There 
 being but two turns more, his request was granted, 
 and he preached his farewell sermon on the 18th 
 of August, 1805. This action of the church pre- 
 served its connection with the Church of England, 
 and enabled it to become the mother church of 
 the Episcopalian Diocese of West Jersey. 
 
 Emmanuel Beagary was church clerk in 1796. 
 After him came John Baxter, Thomas P. Clements, 
 Eichard M. Hugg, George M. Risden. In 1851 
 Mahlon M. Coles was elected clerk, and has con- 
 tinued to hold the position up to the present time. 
 Joseph Cole was sexton prior to 1805, at which 
 time John Cole was elected vestryman and sexton; 
 in 1811 John Mitchel was elected sexton ; in 1817 
 Aaron King was made sext<.n, and in 1824 David 
 B. Coles; 1831 John Mitchel was again sexton; 
 89 
 
 after him came John Coles, Mahlon M. Coles and 
 James Roberts, who continued to hold the position 
 until the church-yard was given in charge of the 
 Colestown Cemetery Company, whose grounds sur- 
 round it on three sides, and under whose charge 
 it still remains. The records have been neatly 
 and regularly kept since 1797, and the church or- 
 ganization faithfully maintained. On February 
 1, 1886, the following oflBcers were elected: J. 
 Stokes Coles, Benjamin F. Hollinshead, wardens; 
 Joseph C. Hollinshead, Joshua B. Hollinshead, 
 Mahlon M. Coles, Charles C. Coles, J. Foster Coles, 
 William D. Coles, Isaac W. Coles, Samuel T. Coles, 
 delegates to the convention. 
 
 At present the church is under the charge of the 
 Rev. Richard G. Moses, rector of Grace Church, 
 Merchantville. Mr, Moses was born in England, 
 October 21, 1883, and graduated at the University 
 of London. He came to America in 1873. He 
 was a minister in the Baptist Church from 1858 to 
 1881, and held several charges, his first in America 
 being the North Baptist Church of Camden. In 
 1883 he became rector of Grace Church, at Mer- 
 chantville, and soon after St. Mary's Church, at 
 Colestown, was placed under his care. Services 
 are held at Colestown on the second Sunday in 
 each month. The rectorship of Mr. Moses seems 
 to be entirely satisfactory and the attendance at 
 service is slowly increasing. 
 
 Colestown Cemeteey. — The dilapidated con- 
 dition of many of the burying- grounds in the vicin- 
 ity and the natural desire of those interested in the 
 • old grave-yard attached to St. Mary's Church, cre- 
 ated a feeling in the community to provide a suit- 
 able resting-place for their loved ones that would 
 be perpetually kept and taken care of for that pur- 
 pose, and led to the establishment of the Colestown 
 Cemetery. The Cemetery Company was organ- 
 ized in 1858 and has located a tract of twelve 
 acres of land lying adjacent to and surrounding St. 
 Mary's Church, at Colestown, the oldest Episcopal 
 Church in West Jersey, now in a good state of 
 preservation. The site is high and slightly rolling ; 
 the soil being entirely free from stones or rocks, 
 and with a sub-soil of a beautiful red gravel, 
 makes the drainage a perfect one, no water being 
 accessible, even in the lowest parts, nearer than 
 twenty feet of the surface. The location is such 
 that it cannot fail to be appreciated, being but six 
 miles east of the city limits of Camden, and equi- 
 distant from the thriving boroughs of Haddonfield 
 and Moorestown. Lying at the intersection ot 
 the public roads leading from Merchantville to 
 Med ford and from Moorestown to Haddonfield, it 
 is of easy access, which, together with its natural 
 
736 
 
 HISTORY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 advantages, all tend to make it one of the most 
 desirable places of interment in West Jersey. 
 This cemetery was created by a special act of the 
 Legislature, entitled "An Act to Incorporate the 
 Colestown Cemetery Company." Section 1 names 
 the following incorporators: Joseph H. Coles, 
 Abraham Browning, David B. Coles, Josiah E. 
 Coles, Genge Browning, Edward Browning, John 
 S. Wilson, Isaac Browning, Benjamin Osier, J. 
 Ogden Cuthbert, Isaac Roberts, Joseph E. Eoberts, 
 Nathan S. Roberts, Lawrence Browning, Joseph 
 C. Hollinshead, Joseph Ellis, Richard B. Cham- 
 pion, J. Stokes Coles, John Buzby, Samuel Jones, 
 Charles Wilson, Franklin Stiles, John 'J\ Coles, 
 Charles B. Coles, Joseph C. Haines, Malilon M. 
 Coles, Benjamin F. Hollinshead, Isaac B. Law- 
 rence, Eli Browning, Charles E. French, Richard 
 Fetters, Benjamin H. Browning, Joseph A. Bur- 
 rough, Hannah H. Browning, Charles W. Starn, 
 William H. Browning, Joseph Few Smith and Wil- 
 liam Stiles, and provides that "their associates 
 shall be and they are hereby created a body politic 
 and corporate, by the name of ' The Colestown Cem- 
 etery Company,' and by that name shall have per- 
 petual succession for the purpose of continuing, 
 establishing and improving a cemetery or place for 
 the burial of the dead, at or near St. Mary's 
 Church, Colestown, in the township of Delaware, 
 in the county of Camden, in this State; and for 
 that purpose the said company may purchase and 
 hold lands not exceeding twenty acres, and en- 
 close, survey, lay out, and divide the same into 
 lots, roads, paths and avenues, and erect and con- 
 struct a chapel, vault, sexton's house, and other 
 improvements thereon, and otherwise ornament 
 the same, and sell and dispose of lots therein for 
 the burial of the dead. . . ." By the same 
 act the following-named persons constituted the 
 first board of directors : Joseph H. Coles, Abra- 
 ham Browning, Joseph Ellis, Josiah E. Coles, 
 Samuel Jones, Edward Browning, David B. Coles, 
 Charles Wilson, Joseph C. Hollinshead, Isaac 
 Roberts, John Buzby and Joseph A. Burrough, 
 who were " to serve until the first Monday in May 
 next, and until others shall be elected in their 
 stead ; and the said Joseph H. Coles shall be the 
 president, and the said Joseph Ellis shall be the 
 treasurer, and the said Edward Browning shall be 
 the secretary of said company, until the said iirst 
 Monday in May next, and until others shall be 
 elected or appointed in their stead." 
 
 But four of the first board of directors are now 
 living, most of the others being silent occupants of 
 the grounds they selected and dedicated as the last 
 resting-place of theirs and succeeding generations. 
 
 Under this act a company was organized, and 
 subscription-books opened for subscriptions to the 
 capital stock of the company, which was soon 
 taken and work commenced. The laud was pur- 
 chased of Joseph H. Coles, who was elected presi- 
 dent of the company, which office he held until 
 his death. Edward Browning was the secretary 
 and Joseph Ellis treasurer. Contracts were 
 awarded for building the chapel and sexton's resi- 
 dence, and also the receiving-vault. Charles 
 Wilson, of Camden, constructed the buildings. 
 The chapel and sexton's residence cost $4263.45, 
 and the receiving-vault $122.12. The shade 
 and ornamental trees were purchased in Pennsyl- 
 vania, and were all hauled there at one load, by 
 Isaac Eoberts and Joseph C. Hollinshead. The lots 
 met a ready sale and the income derived there- 
 from has been sufficient to pay off the original 
 costs and charges and keep the grounds in order ; 
 and as no profits can be paid the stockholders 
 after repaying the original outlay (which is nearly 
 all paid off), the income which must necessarily 
 arise from the sale of lots is compelled by law to be 
 exclusively to maintain and improve the grounds, 
 will be sufficient to provide for its care and im- 
 provement for a long period of years. The follow- 
 ing are the names of the original stockholders and 
 the amount subscribed and paid in by each : A. 
 Browning, $850 ; Jos. H. Coles, $1300 ; Genge 
 Browning, $900 ; Edward Browning, $900 ; David 
 B. Coles, $800 ; Josiah E. Coles, $150 ; John Wil- 
 son, $100 ; Isaac Browning, $100 ; Benjamin Os- 
 ier, $50 ; J. Ogden Cuthbert, $150 ; Isaac Roberts, 
 $100 ; Joseph E. Roberts, $100 ; Nathan S. Eob- 
 erts, $100 ; Lawrence Browning, $100 ; Joseph C. 
 Hollinshead, $175; Joseph Ellis, $300; Richard 
 B. Champion, $70; J. Stokes Coles, $50; John 
 Buzby, $100 ; Samuel Jones, $50 ; Charles Wilson, 
 $175 ; John T. Coles, $100 ; Charles B. Coles, $50 ; 
 Joseph C. Haines, $150 ; Mahlon M. Coles, $50 ; 
 Benjamin F. Hollinshead, $50 ; Charles E. French, 
 $100; Benjamin H. Browning, $100; Joseph A. 
 Burrough, $250; Hannah H. Browning, $100; 
 Charles W. Starn, $100; William H. Browning, 
 $100 ; Joseph Few Smith, $100,— total, $7870. 
 
 Following are the officers of the association for 
 1886 : President, Joseph C. Hollinshead ; Secretary 
 and Treasurer, J. Stokes Coles. Directors, — 
 Joseph C. Hollinshead, John Buzby, Joseph H. 
 Coles, Alfred W. Clement, Edward Burrough, 
 Isaac Browning, William D. Coles, John Camp- 
 bell, Benjamin F. Hollinshead, Mahlon M. Coles, 
 Joseph C. Haines, Isaac W. Coles, Maurice Brown- 
 ing, D. Budd Coles, Charles B. Coles, J. Stokes 
 Coles, Managers,— Joseph H. Coles, Edward 
 
.x:' 
 
 ■t/'-^^t-^L-i^-fta , 
 
THE TOWNSHIP OF DELAWARE. 
 
 737 
 
 Burrough, Charles B. Coles, John Campbell, Al- 
 fred W. Clement, Isaac W. Coles, William D. 
 Coles. Sexton, Elihu Shepperd Low. 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 Ellwood Evans, the well-known and progres- 
 sive farmer of this township, is of Welsh descent, 
 and of a family first represented in America by- 
 William and Elizabeth Evans, who arrived this 
 side of the Atlantic about 1660, and were the first 
 settlers of Burlington County, N. J. The region 
 being at that time an unbroken wilderness, inhab- 
 ited only by Indians, they were obliged to live for 
 a time in a cave, and eventually built for them- 
 selves a house near Mount Laurel, in Evesham 
 township, where they settled. Elizabeth was a min- 
 ister in the Society of Friends. Their children 
 were Thomas, John and Jane. Thomas, born De- 
 cember 12, 1693, married Esther Haines on Octo- 
 ber 1, 1715, and they had six children, — William, 
 Elizabeth, Isaac, Esther, Jacob and Nathan. 
 Nathan, born in February, 1727, married Syl- 
 vania Gaskill, and had children, — Isaac, Susanna, 
 Joseph, Jacob and Nathan. Jacob married 
 Deborah Troth, by whom he had four children, 
 of whom one, Esther, grew to maturity. As his 
 second wife he married Rachel Borton, by whom 
 he had nine children, viz. : Abraham, Amos, 
 Sylvania, Uriah, Rachel B., Jacob, Carlton, Joseph 
 B. and Susanna. Uriah, born October 10, 1801, 
 married, February 17, 1831, Rachel Saunders, 
 daughter of Solomon and Lydia (Burrough) Saund- 
 ers, of a very old family of Burlington County, 
 and was the father of six children, of whom our 
 subject was the youngest. They were Lydia B., 
 Joseph B., Deborah S., Jacob, Elizabeth L., and 
 Ellwood Evans, born September 2, 1840. 
 
 Ellwood Evans was educated in the schools of 
 the neighborhood and at the Westtown (Chester 
 County, Pa.) Academy, which he attended for four 
 years. The next four years were spent on the farm ; 
 he being very fond of machinery, was about to 
 secure a place in Baldwin's Locomotive Works, 
 when his only brother dying suddenly and his 
 father being in poor health, and unwilling to leave 
 his farms, necessitated his remaining at home. He 
 was chosen one of the committeemen of his township 
 when only about twenty-five years of age. When 
 twenty-nine years of age he removed to Marlton, 
 where he was soon afterwards elected collector, 
 which office he held until his return to Delaware, 
 in 1876. About that time, his father and wife's 
 father dying within a period of a few months, 
 large responsibilities were thrown upon Mr. Evans 
 and he was obliged to decline political and 
 
 official honors, though frequently urged to accept 
 offices of honor and profit. From this time to the 
 present his mill, farm and several kindred interests 
 have received his' entire energies and he has de- 
 veloped the fine tract of land on which his home 
 is located, near Cropwell— so called because of the 
 great productiveness of the region — into one of 
 the most valuable farms in this rich region. The 
 farm consists of about three hundred acres, of 
 which two hundred and fifty are under cultivation. 
 He has erected all of the buildings upon this 
 property except one barn — four houses, three 
 barns and a steam saw and feed-mill. One of the 
 barns has a storage capacity of three hundred 
 tons of hay and grain. In the mill Mr. Evans 
 does a large amount of custom work and he also 
 carries on a lumber business of considerable pro- 
 portions. 
 
 He is a farmer of the advanced and progressive 
 type. His purchase of imported Jersey and Guern- 
 sey cattle and the introduction of steam as a motor 
 for machinery in his farm buildings, was regarded , 
 by his neighbors as a venture not warranted in his 
 calling, and which would end in loss. This was 
 not the case, however, for soon others indulged in 
 Jersey and Guernsey herds and also concluded that 
 the application of steam saved much labor and 
 time about their plantations. What was several 
 years since regarded as of doubtful economy in his 
 case, may now be found of practical utility among 
 agriculturists throughout the county. He is a 
 member of the American Jersey and of the Amer- 
 ican Guernsey Cattle Clubs, and of other organiza- 
 tions of like aims. 
 
 He was one of the projectors of the Philadelphia, 
 Marlton and Medford Railroad, and did much to 
 bring about its completion, advancing considerable 
 sums of money at a period when few persons had 
 faith in the success of the enterprise, and when the 
 other directors and the president refused financial 
 aid, thus relieving the company from serious em- 
 barrassment and insuring the speedy completion 
 of the road. This project at first was considered of 
 doubtful success, but it has opened one of the best 
 sections of West Jersey to markets and travel, and 
 been of much benefit to the farmers and dairy- 
 men. Mr. Evans adheres to the religious belief 
 of his ancestors. 
 
 On March 27, 1873, Mr. Evans married Sarah 
 L. Evens, only child of Thomas Evens, a descend- 
 ant of one of the earliest representatives of the 
 Evans family in America, though the name was, 
 through some person in the line, changed from the 
 commonly accepted spelling. She is a descendant 
 of the eighth generation from William and 
 
738 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEESEY. 
 
 Elizabeth Evans, through the Thomas Evans 
 branch. He married Esther Haines. Their son 
 William, who married Sarah Koberts, had a son 
 Jacob, who married Mary Cherrington. Their 
 son Thomas married Mary Eves, and among their 
 children was Joseph, who married Rebecca Rob- 
 erts. Thomas, their son, married Sarah Lippin- 
 cott, and she was their only child. 
 
 Benj-Amin B. Cooper, in 1803 the first post- 
 master at Camden and who later resided near El- 
 liaburg, in Delaware township, and died in 1835, 
 was an enterprising and representative man. He 
 was a son of William and Ann (Folwell) Cooper, 
 and was born March 22, 1779. He owned and occu- 
 pied the farm first settled by Wm. Cooper, who emi- 
 grated from England, from whom he traced his 
 lineage in a direct line. As a farmer he was al- 
 ways in advance with any improvement that ap- 
 peared. He gave much attention to fruit and had 
 the largest orchards of choice varieties in the 
 county. He was always an authority on cattle 
 and horses and dealt largely in both. In the poli- 
 tics of the county, and State he took much inter- 
 est, representing the county several times in the 
 Legislature and was a leading man in the Board of 
 Freeholders for several years. General Jackson, as 
 President of the United States, was the one person 
 who met his notions of a statesman. 
 
 He had scarcely attained man's estate before a 
 leading characteristic of his life developed itself — 
 speculation in land. The first piece of property 
 he purchased was in 1803, and his dealings were 
 continuous until his death, the records of Glou- 
 cester County alone showing the entry of one 
 hundred and fifty-eight deeds of purchase and one 
 hundred and thirty-seven deeds of sale, many of 
 which conveyances contained several tracts of land. 
 His transactions extended to Cumberland, Salem 
 and Cape May Counties, in West Jersey, and Sussex, 
 Warren and Monmouth Counties, in East Jersey. 
 
 He was agent for the Holland Land Company, 
 whose possessions were in Pennsylvania, and had 
 large individual interests in that State, at one time 
 owning nearly the whole of Clearfield County. He 
 was also attorney for the Peniberton and Kirk- 
 bride possessions in New Jersey. In 1814 he pur- 
 chased of Thomas Cadwalader, agent of the West 
 New Jersey Society, all the shares of propriety 
 owned by that corporation. At the time of his 
 death his landed estate was large and valuable. 
 He disposed of it by will. His wife was Sarah 
 Van Meter, of Monmouth County, N. J. Three 
 children survived him, — Ralph V. M., Sarah Ann 
 and W. Morris. His remains and those of his 
 wife lie buried in the " Sloan " part of the old 
 Newton grave-yard. 
 
THE TOWNSHIP OF STOCKTON. 
 
 CHAPTEE XVIII. 
 
 Ita Separation from Delaware— Jurisdic«on over Kiver Islands - 
 Early Settlement— The Coles, Spicers, Woods, Willards, Nichol- 
 sons, Morgans, Eudderows, Fishs, Horners, Brownings, Starns, 
 Osiers and others— Bethel Methodist Episcopal Church— Old Tav- 
 erns—Schools — Fisheries— Pavonia^Wrightsville — Cramer Hill 
 Dudley — Morchantville — Stooktou—Delair— Manufacturing In- 
 terests. 
 
 This township lies on the Delaware and extends 
 eastward between Coopers Creek and Pensaukin 
 Creek. It was taken from Delaware township 
 . by act of Legislature approved February 23, 1859 . 
 the dividing line was declared as beginning at a 
 point in Coopers Creek at a corner to the farms of 
 Joshua Barton & Bro. and Hewlings Haines and fol- 
 lowing the line of Barton's farm to a corner in the 
 Whiskey road, near the village of Homesteadville; 
 thence diverging in a straight line to a corner in 
 the Moorestown turnpike in the centre of the 
 crossing of the Sorrel Horse and Haddonfield 
 roads ; thence along the turnpike to the county 
 line. In the spring of 1859 the committees of the 
 two townships met at the hotel of Benjamin Mar- 
 tin and organized by electing Joseph A. Burroughs 
 chairman and Benjamin W. Cooper secretary, and 
 agreed upon the following article of settlement : 
 
 "AETICIiES OF AOEEEMENT BETWEEN THE TOWNSHIPS OF STOCKTON 
 AND DELAWARE. 
 
 *' Article of agreement made and entered into hetween the town 
 committees of the townships of Stockton and Delaware, in pursu- 
 ance of an act of the Legislatare, entitled an act to establish a 
 new township in the county of Camden, to be called the township 
 of Stockton. We, the undersigned town committees of the said 
 townships of Stockton and Delaware, this fourteenth day of March, 
 eighteen hundred and fifty-nine, at the house of Benjamin Martin^ 
 in the said township of Stockton, having proceeded to ascertain the 
 proportions of taxes assessed in each part of the township of Del- 
 aware, that now constitutes the townships of Stockton and Dela- 
 ware, find that two-fifths of the taxes assessed as aforesaid was 
 assessed in that part which constitutes the township of Stockton 
 and that three-fifths were assessed in that part which now con- 
 stitutes the township of Delaware, and we find and ascertain that 
 
 there is an indebtedness for which the two townships aforesaid are 
 liable amounting to the sum of seven hundred and flfty-nine dol- 
 lars and fifty-six cents, of which the township of Stockton shall 
 pay the sum of two hundred and ninety-nine dollars and ninety- 
 one cents and the township of Delaware the sum of four hundred 
 and forty-nine dollars and seventy-three cents ; and we find that 
 there are two grave-yards, and that the one located in the town- 
 ship of Stockton shall belong to the township of Stockton, and 
 the one located in the township of Delaware shall belong to the 
 township of Delaware. We also find the fallowing township prop- 
 erty to be divided as the taxes, viz. : The town-house valued at 
 $200.00. The pound, $10.00. Eoad-scraporss, $20.00. Dirt machines, 
 $11.00. Books, $11.00. Total, $252.00. The two-iifths of the above 
 property belonging to the township of Stockton is $100.80, and the 
 three-flfths belonging to the township of Delaware is $151.20. 
 
 " There are tax warrants in the hands of B. H. Fowler, con- 
 stable, on which a part may probably be collected, and such sums 
 as may be collected are to be divided in the same proportion as 
 the other property. The indebtedness of the township of Stockton 
 to the township of Delaware is $299.91. The share of the above 
 said township of Stockton in the above-mentioned property, $100.80 
 being deducted, leaves $199,11, to which is added the value of 
 one road-scraper, $5.00, making the balance of the indebtedness 
 $204.11. 
 
 '• Committee of Btoclcton township. 
 " William Folwell. 
 Benjamin W. Cooper. 
 Josiah Stam. 
 Benjamin Horner. 
 Thomas P. Clement. 
 
 Commiittee of Delaware twmship . 
 Asa E. Lippiucott. 
 Joseph C. Stafford. 
 Job B. Kay. 
 Joseph A. Burrougli. 
 Isaac W. Nicholson. 
 
 '* A true copy, 
 
 " Samuel B. Githens, Clerk. 
 
 Pettys' Island.^— In 1848 the question of 
 
 1 This island was in the possession of William Peon for some 
 years prior to 1700. On the 25th of October, 1701, he conveyed it 
 to Thomas Fairman, of Shackamaxon, reserving the right of way 
 for four coach horees. Upon his death it passed to his wife, 
 Elizabeth, and later, to a son, Beiy'amin, who. May 24, 1732, sold 
 it to John Pettys, from whom it took its name. On the 11th of 
 May, 1745, it was sold to John Dobbins. In 1816 the island was 
 owned by Humphrey Day, Charles H. Fish, Benjamin Loxley, 
 Isaac Hoxey, William Cooper, Jacob Bvaul, Joseph Cooper, Abra- 
 ham Browning, Jonathan Biles and others. In 1824 the land of 
 Charles H. Fish passed to Isaac Fish, and that of Humphrey Day 
 to Jeremiah Fish, and later to Messrs. Sanderson & Sons. 
 
 Between the years 1860 and 1870 the west shore of the island 
 was used as a dock for repairing and for a ship-yard. Doughty 
 & Keppela, shipwrights and caulkers, built at the place tug- 
 boats and schooners and had thirty-six thousand dollars invested 
 
 739 
 
740 
 
 HISTOEY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 jurisdiction over the islands on the Delaware 
 River was agitated, and the following preamble 
 and resolutions were adopted at the annual town- 
 ship meeting : 
 
 " Whereas, by an act of Legislature of this State, passed Novem- 
 ber 26, 1783, entitled an act to annex the several islands situated 
 in the river Delaware belonging to this State, to the respective 
 counties and townships to which they lie nearest ; it is provided 
 said islands shall hereafter be deemed and considered as part and 
 parcels of such counties and townships to which islands or insu- 
 lated dry lands do or doth lie nearest, except Petty's, which shall 
 be annexed to the township of Newton, in the county of Glouces- 
 ter ; and whereas, the said township of Newton as at present con- 
 stituted, has no part on the river Delaware within two miles of 
 Pettys' Island, but said island lies opposite the township of Dela- 
 ware. Therefore be it resolved, by the inhabitants of the township 
 of Delaware, in the county of Camden, in town-meeting assem- 
 bled, that application be made to the next Legislature of this 
 State for a law to annex Pettys' Island to this township, where 
 it legitimately and of right belongs. 
 
 '^Resolved, That the township committee be and they are hereby 
 instructed to lay the foregoine preamble and resolutions before the 
 next Legislature and use all honorable means to procure the pas- 
 sage of a law such as mentioned above. 
 
 " Resolved, That the foregoing resolution and preamble be signed 
 by the moderator and attested by the clerk. 
 "Attest, John Buduerow, Clerk. 
 
 "Chakles Knight, Moderator. 
 
 Nothing further appears to have been done in 
 the matter until the next year, when Joseph Kay, 
 Benjamin W. Cooper and Charles Knight were 
 appointed a committee to go to Trenton and 
 secure the necessary legislation ; in this they must 
 have been very successful, as the jurisdiction of 
 the township was extended over the island, and 
 in 1859, when the township of Stockton was 
 created, the island was conceded to it and still 
 remains a part of that township. 
 
 Early Settlement.— The first settlement by 
 the whites within the limits of Stockton township 
 was made at the mouth of Pensaukin Creek, where 
 Eriwomac, an Indian, was then chief over a small 
 body of Indians, Charles I., of England, in 1634, 
 granted to Sir Edmund Ployden the territory lying 
 between New England and Maryland. A vessel 
 commanded by Captain Young, a nephew of Eob- 
 ert Evelin (afterwards famous as the author of the 
 account of " New Albion," published in 1642 and 
 1648), and thirteen traders, about the same time, 
 went to Virginia, and in the same year, 1634, came 
 up the Delaware and settled at the mouth of Pen- 
 saukin Creek and built there a fort, which they 
 named Fort Eriwomac, after the Indian Chief. 
 They remained at the place four years. In 1636 
 Sir Edmund Ployden sent out to the "Province 
 
 Joseph Kilot, also a shipwright, had here in 1870 a marine railway. 
 Jacob H. Ambruster, about 1865, erected a building and manu- 
 factured chains. At present the island is owned by James Man- 
 derson, Dr. Samuel Pancoast and others. The upper part of the 
 island is fitted up as a summer resort and is known as Willow 
 Grove. The island contains over one hundred acres. 
 
 of New Albion " Beauchamp Plantagenet, who 
 sailed up the Delaware River sixty miles and did 
 not reach Fort Eriwomac, where Captain Young 
 and Robert Evelin had set up a fort and govern- 
 ment and were patiently waiting for Sir Edmund 
 to come over from England to take formal posses- 
 sion of the province. 
 
 In 1637, tired of waiting, Evelin and his men 
 abandoned the settlement and went down the river 
 and near what is now Salem, they found Plantage- 
 net, who had settled there and had sent a glowing 
 account of the province to Earl Ployden. The 
 Earl came over in 1641, but the settlement of Fort 
 Eriwomac was notagain made by the English under 
 the Earl. Soon after 1637 Bogot, a pioneer of 
 Minuet's colony of Swedes, settled, with a few 
 Swedish founders, upon the site of the fort, where 
 a few of them remained until the title passed to 
 the proprietors, in 1664. Bogot held out induce- 
 ments to settlers by insisting |that a gold mine|was 
 in the vicinity, which was laid down in early maps 
 as being near Rancocas Creek. This project failed 
 and the settlement was again abandoned. 
 
 The first location in the limits of this township 
 made under the proprietors was one of five Ijundred 
 acres of land embracing the site of Fort Eriwomac, 
 at the mouth of Pensaukin Creek. This was 
 granted to Samuel Jennings (afterwards the first i 
 Governor of New Jersey). Some of the Swedish 
 founders living farther up the stream, in what is 
 now Burlington County, remained under the pro- 
 prietors, purchased lands and some of their de- 
 scendants, in after-years, drifted into what is now 
 Stockton township. The Toys, Fishs, Stones, Wal- 
 laces and others are descendants of the early Swe- 
 dish families. William Cooper, who, in 1682, 
 settled at Pyne Point (Coopers), was from Coles 
 Hill, England. At the same place lived Samuel 
 Coles, a haberdasher and hatter and an old friend 
 and neighbor of William Cooper. 
 
 In 1677 he purchased part of a share of propriety 
 in West Jersey of the trustees of Edward By llynge, 
 and in March, 1082, with his wife, Elizabeth, and 
 two children, he emigrated to America, and doubt- 
 less came at once to the home of his ol^ friend 
 and neighbor, William Cooper. He located five 
 hundred acres of land on the north side of Coop- : 
 ers Creek, opposite the tract of his friend and 
 extending up the Delaware River. The land was 
 surveyed to him on the 18th day of the Third 
 Month (May), 1682, and in that year he cleared a 
 small tract and erected a house, where he settled, 
 but lived in it a short time, for in the latter part of 
 the same year he sold one hundred acres and the 
 house tn Henry Wood, who at once came there to 
 
THE TOWNSHIP OP STOCKTON. 
 
 741 
 
 reside. He probably built upon the remaining 
 portion, as he remained there a few years. In 1683 
 he was chosen to represent the Third Tenth in the 
 Legislature of New Jersey, and in 1685 was ap- 
 pointed one of the commissioners to fix the line 
 between Burlington and Gloucester Counties. 
 
 In the year 1687 he conveyed the remainder of 
 the tract to Samuel Spicer, and having purchased, 
 in 1685, four hundred acres of land of Jeremiah 
 Richards, on Pensaukin Creek, near the property of 
 William Matlack and Timothy Hancock, now in 
 Delaware township, which he named " New Or- 
 chard" (now Colestown) and to which place he 
 moved and purchased other tracts adjoining. A 
 few years later business required his attention in 
 England and he visited his native country. On his 
 return the vessel stopped at the Island of Barbadoes, 
 where was a settlement of Friends. At this place 
 he was taken sick and died, 
 
 A learned writersays : "The extended distanceof 
 the voyage and consequent delay therefrom not 
 being known to the wife, she made frequent visits 
 to Philadelphia to meet her husband and welcome 
 him to his family again. Tradition says that she 
 would stand for hours by the water's edge looking 
 anxiously down the river for the sail that would 
 bring the father of her children. These visits and 
 watchings at last attracted the attention of a young 
 mariner who frequented the port, and who was not 
 long in discovering the cause of her anxiety. 
 Sympathizing with her, he extended his inquiries 
 on her behalf and at last discovered that her hus- 
 band had died on his return. Her grief for this 
 sad bereavement entered his feelings, and finding 
 that she was about to return home alone in her 
 boat, he offered to accompany her and manage the 
 same. This offer she accepted and he sailed the 
 craft up the river to Pensaukin Creek and thence 
 nearly to her residence, thus bearing the sad news 
 to her children and neighbors. This man was 
 Griffith Morgan, who, after a proper interval of 
 time, sailed his own skiff up the creek to offer his 
 consolations to the widow and to interest himself 
 about her children and estate. This solicitude 
 soon assumed another shape and culminated in the 
 marriage of Griffith Morgan and Elizabeth Cole. 
 Samuel Coles left two children,— Samuel and Sarah 
 — from whom the family of the name in this region 
 have descended." 
 
 Among the many of the name of Wood who 
 emigrated to New Jersey about the time of the 
 settlement under the proprietor was Henry Wood, 
 who came to this place from Newport, R. I., and on 
 the 4th of September, 1682, purchased of Samuel 
 Coles a tract of one hundred acres of land on the 
 
 north side of Coopers Creek, adjoining the land 
 subsequently sold to Samuel Spicer. The deed 
 describes the place as "situate at Arwawmasse, in 
 West Jersey ; also the dwelling-house or tenement 
 which he, the said Samuel, inhabiteth, with the 
 folds, yards, etc., excepting one cow-house." The 
 farm fronted on Coopers Creek and the Delaware 
 River, and was named by him " Hopewell." He 
 was a member of the Assembly in 1683-84, and 
 in the latter year was appointed commissioner for 
 laying out land, and in 1685 for opening highways. 
 In 1683 he purchased three hundred and fifty 
 acres of land on the north side of and fronting 
 Coopers Creek, and in 1686 sold it to Mathew 
 Burden, who was a resident of Portsmouth, R. I., 
 and a connection of Henry Wood. In 1711 
 Richard Burden, a son of Mathew, conveyed the 
 land to John Coxe, and later part of it was in- 
 cluded in the farm of Abraham Browning. Henry 
 Wood died in April, 1681, leaving as children 
 Henry, James, Richard, Judith (who married 
 Thomas Willard in 1689), Abigail (who married 
 Daniel Cooper, a son of William, in 1693), Hannah 
 (who married Joseph Nicholson in 1695), Eliza- 
 beth (who married Stephen Newbie, son of Mark, 
 in 1703) and Benjamin (who marjied Mary Kay, 
 daughter of John, in 1707). The homestead, in 
 1699, came to Joseph Nicholson, who lived adjoin- 
 ing from James Wood, a grandson of Henry. At 
 the time of Henry Wood's death he was in posses- 
 sion of considerable land near the homestead 
 tract, which was divided among his children. 
 His son Henry died in 1754, single, and left his 
 portion to his brothers and sisters, Benjamin 
 purchased the home farm on which Joseph Nichol- 
 son had lived, and upon his death, in 1738, left it 
 to his son Henry, who devised it to his son Henry, 
 who sold part of it, February 1, 1788, to Samuel 
 Haines, who died in 1789, and John Haines and 
 Dr. John H. Stokes, his executors, sold one hun- 
 dred and eighty-four acres of it to Daniel Cooper. 
 Henry, at his death in 1814, left three hundred and 
 sixty-eight acres to his two sons, Henry and 
 Zachariah. He died June 18, 1814, aged fifty-six 
 years. His wife, Hannah, survived him and died 
 August 23, 1856, aged eighty-seven years. Zach- 
 ariah died May 5, 1847, aged fifty-four years- 
 Other children of Benjamin Wood, who died in 
 1738 were Mary (who married Joseph Coles and 
 Richard Matlack), Hannah,. Abigail, Benjamin, 
 John, Judith and Jane. 
 
 The land purchased by Henry Wood in 1683, 
 containing one hundred acres on the Delaware 
 River, before 1790 came to Samuel Cooper, who 
 also owned Coopers Point Ferry and other land 
 
AUTOGRAPHS OF SETTLERS IN STOCKTON (OLD WATERFORD) TOWNSHIP. 
 
 A first settler. Died at Barbadoes, 
 
 1692-93, and left one son, 
 
 Samuel. 
 
 A first settler. Died 1691. Had sons 
 
 Henry, James, Eichard and 
 
 Benjamin. 
 
 10. Had sons - 
 
 A first settler. Died 1710. Had sons 
 
 William, Joseph and Daniel. Married 
 
 Judith, daughter of Henry Wood. Died 1734. Had sons 
 James, Henry and Thomas. 
 
 
 ""^/L 
 
 c<^^ 
 
 A first settler. Died 1692. Had 
 
 sons Abraham, Jacob, Thomas 
 
 and Samuel. 
 
 ^;;g^ c^Axn v>»^uH/€. 
 
 m^/. 
 
 C£,^ 
 
 isiL- 
 
 A first settler of Salem. Died 1685. Had sons 
 
 Samuel, Abel and Joseph, who settled in 
 
 Stockton. 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ifCCt 
 
 Daughter of John and Mary Tilton, 
 
 of Gravesend, and wife of Samuel 
 
 Spicer. She was killed by 
 
 lightning in 1703. 
 
 Qj^c^c cmJey0^ 
 
 ^5 
 
 (trl. 
 
 <^ 
 
 ^^^a^ 
 
 Third son of Samuel and Esther 
 the emigrants. Died 1759. 
 Had sons Jacob, Thomas 
 and Samuel. 
 
 Only son of Griffith the emigrant. Died 1751. 
 Had sons Joseph, Benjamin and Isaac. 
 
 JWX7/^ Q0s^ — 
 
 A first settler of Ellisburg. Died 1715. 
 
 Had sons Thomas, Joseph, William, 
 
 Simeon and Jonathan. 
 
 A first settler. Died 1742. Had sons V ' 
 
 John, Isaac, Josiah, Benjamin 
 and Joseph. 
 
 A first settler and wealthy operator in lands sold to Kaighn, 
 Mickle and others. 
 
,ii*»^' 
 
?^. 
 
 z^^^.^:;:,,^ ^,^ ..^y-— 
 
THE TOWNSHIP OF STOCKTON. 
 
 743 
 
 adjoining. The house now owned by William B. 
 Cooper, marked S. P. 0. 1790, was built by Samuel 
 and Prudence Cooper. It came to their son Ben- 
 jamin, who, January 22, 1834, had the tract sur- 
 veyed by Samuel Nicholson in two parts, called 
 the northern and southern divisions. The northern 
 part extended along the shore of the Delaware, 
 from Coopers Creek to the Samuel Horner farm, 
 including the fisheries on the river-front, and also 
 the fisheries up to the Cove road. Bery. Cooper 
 died 26th of 4th mo., 1842, aged sixty-seven years, 
 and his wife, Elizabeth, died 21st of 3d mo. pre- 
 ceding, aged sixty-six years, He, by will, devised 
 the northern part, containing one hundred, and 
 seventy-five acres, including the flat marshes and 
 fisheries, to Benjamin W. Cooper, his son, reserv- 
 ing the half-interest of all privileges and profits of 
 the fisheries for William B. Cooper. 
 
 The southern tract, containing one hundred and 
 sixty-seven acres, fronting on Coopers Creek, was 
 devised to William B. Cooper, with rights in the 
 fisheries and meadows. The repairs on the banks 
 of the latter were chargeable to both divisions. 
 The northern division became the property of the 
 Pavonia Land Association, an account of which 
 will be found under the head of Pavonia. 
 
 Benjamin W. Cooper was the son of Benja- 
 min Cooper, a lineal descendant of William and 
 Margaret Cooper, who in 1678 emigrated from 
 England with the first settlers who located in Bur- 
 lington. A few years later he took up lands and 
 settled at the mouth of Coopers Creek, which 
 stream was named after him. The father of the 
 subject of this biography was a progressive farmer 
 of Waterford township (now Stockton), and after a 
 life of activity and usefulness both in religious and 
 civil society he died, in 1842. By his marriage 
 with Elizabeth Wills, he had children, viz. : Re- 
 becca, Prudence, Benjamin W., Elizabeth W. and 
 William B. Cooper. 
 
 Benjamin W. Cooper was born at the homestead, 
 now owned by his brother, William B. Cooper, in 
 Stockton township, on the 13th day of the First 
 Month, 1805, and spent the whole of his life as an 
 enterprising farmer in the township where he was 
 born. After obtaining a preparatory education in 
 the schools in the vicinity, he entered the West- 
 town Boarding-School, and there spent seva:al 
 years in diligent study, and thus laid the founda- 
 tion of a liberal education, being afterward one of 
 the best informed men in the community in which 
 he resided. He was a constant reader of books of 
 general literature, but devoted much of his read- 
 ing to agricultural subjects, and was himself a 
 liberal contributor to agricultural journals of his 
 
 day. Having a retentive memory, he absorbed 
 a vast amount of information, which he freely 
 dispensed to his friends without reward! He 
 studied agriculture a^ a science and practiced it 
 as an art. He introduced all new modes of cul- 
 tivating the soil, and was first in his neighborhood 
 to use the best improved implements — needed by 
 all progressive farmers. 
 
 In management of State, county and municipal 
 affairs he held various places of trust and respon- 
 sibility, and was possessed with a sound discrimi- 
 nating judgment. 
 
 He was one of the originators of the plan for 
 the erection of Camden County by the division of 
 Gloucester County, exerted all of his influence in 
 that direction, and was greatly instrumental in 
 having it eventually accomplished. After the ac- 
 tion was taken, forming the new county of Cam- 
 den, and the controversy arose about the location 
 of the county buildings, Mr. Cooper favored the 
 erection of them at Camden, and left no opportu- 
 nity pass until the final decision, making Camden 
 the county-seat, was rendered. He was an ardent 
 and consistent Republican, and took great interest 
 in the administration of State and national oflices. 
 Recognizing his efficiency as a man of good judg- 
 ment, he was appointed one of the lay judges ot 
 Camden County, and served in that position from 
 1850 to 1855. No subject of great political mo- 
 ment absorbed his attention more than the freedom 
 of the colored slaves in the Southern States. 
 Many a refugee negro found in him a friend on 
 his way northward, beyond the jurisdiction of 
 slavery, and his home in Stockton township for 
 many years was a "station" on the line of the 
 "Underground Railroad," where many a poor es- 
 caped slave was befriended both with food and 
 money. 
 
 Benjamin W. Cooper, like his ancestors, was a 
 member of the Society of Friends, connected with 
 the Haddonfield Monthly Meeting. He was mar- 
 ried, on the 18th day of the Second Month, 1830, to 
 Lydia, daughter of Samuel Lippincott, whose an- 
 cestors were among the first settlers in New Jer- 
 - sey. He died on the 23d day of 11th Month, 1863. 
 
 William B. Cooper, the youngest son of Benja- 
 m.in and Elizabeth (Wills) Cooper and a brother 
 of Benjamin W. Cooper, was born in Delaware 
 township (now Stockton), on the 11th day of the 
 Sixth Month, 1814. The historic old mansion 
 where he was born and which he now owns, in- 
 cluding the farm adjoining, where he has spent 
 most of his life, was erected by Samuel and Pru- 
 dence (Brown) Cooper, his grandparents, in the 
 year 1790. 
 
744 
 
 HISTOEY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEESEY. 
 
 William B. Cooper obtained his education at the 
 Newton Friends'School, Ran cocas Boarding-Sohool 
 and at the well-known Westtown Boarding-School, 
 in Chester County, Pa. He then attended to the 
 duties of the farm with his father, and upon the 
 death of the latter, in 1842, he succeeded to the 
 ownership of a part of the paternal homestead. 
 He continued his chosen occupation until a few 
 years ago, when he retired from his farm and 
 moved to the city of Camden, where he now re- 
 sides. As a farmer he has met with great success, 
 and, following the example of his brother Benja- 
 min W., regularly introduced new modes of agri- 
 culture and improved machinery necessary for the 
 progressive farmer. He has always taken a deep 
 interest in owning the finest breeds of horses and 
 cattle, and takes the greatest delight in having 
 them well cared for. As a farmer he has been 
 looked upon as a model, as a neighbor universally 
 respected, and as a kind-hearted, noble gentleman 
 his name is a synonym of goodness. In his plain, 
 unassuming and unpretentious way he has con- 
 tinued to live a life of great usefulness. As a 
 friend of the poor and the needy, his charities are 
 well known, yet never made public by himself. 
 Like his father and brother, in the days of slavery 
 he was a devoted friend of the refugee slaves, and 
 would do anything to comfort and protect them. 
 
 In religion he has been a consistent member of 
 the Society of Friends and served many years as 
 clerk of Newton Meeting, of which he and his 
 estimable wife are members. On the 9th day of 
 the Third Month, 1879, William B. Cooper was 
 married to Phebe Emlen, a lineal descendant of 
 George Emlen, who emigrated from England to 
 Philadelphia about the time that William Penn 
 arrived. 
 
 James Emlen, the grandfather of Phebe Cooper, 
 was well educated, and it was designed that he 
 should travel in Europe for his further accom- 
 plishment, but he removed to Chester County 
 and followed the occupation of a miller. He was 
 married to Phebe Pierce, and both he and his 
 wife died of yellow fever. Anne, their eldest 
 daughter, married Judge Walter Franklin of Lan- 
 caster, Pa. James Emlen, the youngest child and 
 father of Phebe Cooper, was married in 1816 to 
 Sarah F. Foulke, a teacher in the Westtown Board- 
 ing-School. In 1835 he became a teacher in the 
 same institution, and resided with his family on 
 the property for thirteen years. His wife became 
 a minister and paid religious visits to various 
 places in the Eastern, Westerp and Southern 
 States. Her last religious visit was made to Eng- 
 land. She was universally esteemed by all who 
 
 knew her. She died in 1849. James Emlen was 
 a highly loved elder in Friends' Meetings. He 
 died in 1866. Dr. Samuel Emlen, brother of James, 
 was one of the most eminent physicians of Phila- 
 delphia, and was known throughout the United 
 States. 
 
 Benjamin Coopee, son of Benjamin W. and 
 Lydia (Lippincott) Cooper, and nephew of Wil- 
 liam B. Cooper, was born at the Cooper homestead, 
 in Stockton township, on the 21st of Sixth Month, 
 1834. He was educated in the schools of his 
 native township and the well-known Westtown 
 Friends' School, in Chester County, Pa. He then 
 returned to his home, and engaged in work on the 
 farm. Upon the death of his father, in 1863, Ben- 
 jamin Cooper inherited the homestead which he 
 owns at the present time. He continued actively 
 engaged in agricultural pursuits until 1872, when 
 he removed to Marlton, N. J. He still owns the 
 farm and superintends its cultivation. Following 
 the precedents established by his enterprising fa- 
 ther, he is progressive and brings into use all the 
 new and improved machinery necessary for suc- 
 cessful farming. Within the past few years he 
 has been extensively engaged in breeding thor- 
 oughbred Jersey cattle. 
 
 Mr. Cooper was one of the originators of the 
 plan to construct and one of the incorporators of 
 the Philadelphia, Marlton and Medford Railroad, 
 and devoted much time and energy to the con- 
 struction of the same. He was originally and 
 still is one of its largest stockholders, and since 
 the organization of the company has been a direc- 
 tor. In politics Mr. Cooper is a Republican, and 
 in religion, like his ancestors for many generations 
 before him, is a member of the Society of Friends. 
 Benjamin Cooper was married, in 1859, to Lydia 
 Evans, the only surviving child, daughter of Da- 
 vid and Sarah E. Evans, a prominent farmer of 
 Burlington County, and a descendant of William 
 Evans, one of the first Welsh emigrants to New 
 Jersey, who settled at Mount Laurel, Burlington 
 County. They have three children, viz. : David 
 E., William B. and Samuel R., all of whom are 
 engaged with their father in his farming interests. 
 Thomas Willard, who, in 1689, marrred Judith, 
 a daughter of Henry Wood, settled on a tract near 
 the Wood homestead, where he died in 1734, and 
 left three sons— James, Henry and Thomas— and 
 daughters. A granddaughter, Abigail, in 1743, 
 married Samuel Spicer, son of Thomas, and died 
 April 24, 1762, aged twenty-six years. A grand- 
 son, Benjamin, owned part of his grandfather's 
 estate, and left it to his son James, who, February 
 28, 1781, sold part of it to Thomas Stone, who 
 
/5^^^ ^C^^r^iuX' 
 
THE TOWNSHIP OF STOCKTON. 
 
 745 
 
 sold twenty-two acres in 1783. Old citizens 
 remember Parr Willard, in the vicinity, as 
 being much interested in fruit and its culture. 
 An old pear-tree now stands on the place of 
 Abraham Browning, which bears the " Willard 
 Pear," and is from stock originated by him. 
 
 Joseph Nicholson, the first of the name to settle 
 in what is now Camden County, was the fourth 
 child of Samuel Nicholson, and was born in Eng- 
 land, Second Month 30, 1669. His father was in- 
 terested in the purchase made from Lord John 
 Berkeley, in 1673, and came to this country with 
 his wife, Ann, and five children, from Wiston, in 
 Nottinghamshire, England, in the ship "Griffith," 
 with John Fenwick, and arrived in the river Dela- 
 ware on the 23d of Ninth Month, 1676, and soon 
 after settled in Salem, where he selected a tract of 
 sixteen acres with a marsh fronting on the creek and 
 erected a house. He purchased large tracts of 
 land later and became one of the wealthiest men 
 in the colony. In 1680 the Society of Friends, of 
 which he was an active and prominent member, 
 purchased his house and lot and refitted it as a 
 meeting-house, which the next year was enlarged. 
 This house was the first meeting-house in West 
 New Jersey. A few years after the sale Samuel 
 Nicholson removed to a plantation on AUoways 
 Creek, where he died in 1685. Ann, his wife, re- 
 moved here and died in 1694. The sons, except 
 Joseph, settled on the homestead and in the 
 vicinity. Joseph, in 1694, purchased a tract of 
 land on the north side of Coopers Creek, and the 
 next year (1695) he married Hannah, a daughter 
 of Henry Wood, who settled at the mouth of 
 Coopers Creek in 1682. On this place Joseph 
 Nicholson built a house and settled. In 1699 he 
 purchased a tract of land adjoining James Wood, 
 a grandson of Henry. He died in 1702 and left a 
 son, Samuel, who inherited the estate of his father 
 and resided on the tract purchased of James Wood. 
 This was re-surveyed in 1733. He was married 
 three times,— first in 1722, to Sarah, a daughter of 
 Samuel Burroughs ; second to Rebecca Saint ; and 
 third to Jane Albertson, widow of William and 
 daughter of John Engle. The last was successively 
 the widow of John Turner, William Albertson, 
 Samuel Nicholson .and Thomas Middleton. 
 Samuel Nicholson died in 1750, and left children,— 
 Joseph, Abel, Abigail, Hannah and Sarah. Joseph 
 in 1749, purchased the lot in Haddonfield, north 
 of the Methodist Church, now owned and occupied 
 by Mrs. Joseph B. Tatem, and probably built the 
 house Abel married Rebecca, a daughter of 
 Aaron Aaronson, and died in 1761, before his 
 child was born. This child was named Abel, and 
 90 
 
 married Rebecca Ellis, a daughter of Isaac. It is 
 from this branch the family in this region descend. 
 Abigail, in 1748, became the wife of Daniel Hill- 
 man, and in 1767 of John Gill. Hannah married 
 John Hillman, and Sarah, the youngest child, died 
 single in 1756. The Nicholson homestead was 
 owned for many years by Abraham Browning, and 
 is now occupied by several factories. 
 
 Samuel Spicer was a native of New England, 
 and one of the few American born citizens that can 
 be claimed among the early settlers of old Glou- 
 cester County. He was a son of Thomas and 
 Michael Spicer, and was born prior to 1640. His 
 father was one of the colony of Friends who emi- 
 grated from England to avoid persecution for their 
 religious belief, only to meet as trying an ordeal in 
 their new homes. Samuel Spicer, the son, on the 
 21st of Third Month (May), 1665, married Esther 
 Tilton, at Oyster Bay, L. I., and settled at Grave- 
 send. In 1684 he visited this region of country 
 and purchased of Samuel Coles four hundred acres 
 of land on Coopers Creek and the Delaware River, 
 adjoining Henry A\^ood, who purchased one hun- 
 dred acres of Samuel Coles in 1682, above and on 
 the Delaware. In the next year he, with his wife, 
 Esther, and eight children, moved to the new pur- 
 chase and built a house near where the bridge 
 crosses Coopers Creek at Federal Street. On the 
 24th of May, 1687, he purchased three hundred 
 and fifty acres of land, and subsequently other 
 lands adjoining. These lands extended from 
 Coopers Creek to Pensaukin, embracing the lands 
 on which Merchantville now stands. 
 
 This ferry was maintained until 1762, when a 
 bridge was built at the place and the locality was 
 known as Spicer's Bridge many years. In the year 
 1687 Samuel Spicer was appointed one of the 
 judges of Gloucester County and continued in the 
 office several years. He was active in the Society 
 of Friends, of which he was a prominent member, 
 and died soon after 1792. His widow, Esther, sur- 
 vived him until 24th day of Seventh Month, 1703, 
 when she, with a servant and Richard Thackara, 
 a lad of about eleven years of age, were struck by 
 lightning and killed. An account of her burial at 
 night is given in connection with the old Newton 
 burying-ground in the history of the township of 
 Haddon. They had eight children, all of whom 
 were born at Gravesend,— Abraham, Jacob, Mary, 
 Martha, Sarah (who, in 1695, became the second 
 wife of Daniel Cooper), Abigail, Thomas and 
 Samuel. Samuel Spicer left in his will to his son 
 Jacob one hundred and fifty acres attached to the 
 homestead, and on the Delaware River and 
 Coopers Creek, and to his other sons, Samuel and 
 
746 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Thomas, one hundred and seventy-five acres each. 
 Samuel died young, and his land passed to Jacob. 
 Thomas inherited from his father the one hundred 
 and fifty acres, and also purchased four hundred 
 and ten acres in and around Merchantville of his 
 brother Jacob. He died in November, 1759, and 
 left the landed estate to his son, Thomas Spicer, 
 who, in 1741, married Rebecca, a daughter of 
 Humphrey and Jane Day, who lived on Coopers 
 Creek, in the lower part of what is now Delaware 
 township. He died in the May following, 1760, 
 and by will entailed the property to his wife, Re- 
 becca; his daughter, Abigail, who was the wife of 
 Wm. Rudderow; and their son, John Rudderow, 
 then a child of fifteen months old. Thos. Spicer, 
 Jr., passed much of his time in travel and visited 
 on business the West Indies and other places. Re- 
 becca Spicer survived her husband until 1777, liv- 
 ing most of the time on her own plantation. 
 Abigail (Spicer) Rudderow was the only child 
 living of three born to them. 
 
 Samuel Spicer, son of Thomas, Sr., who married 
 Abigail Willard in 1743, settled on the land he 
 received from his father. His wife, Abigail, died 
 April 24, 1762, aged twenty-six years, and left one 
 son, Jacob, who died September 4, 1769, aged 
 twenty- four years; a daughter Abigail, who mar- 
 ried John Keble, a merchant of Philadelphia. She 
 died August 27, 1807, aged sixty years; Rebecca, 
 who married William Folwell, also a merchant of 
 Philadelphia ; and Sarah, who married Joseph 
 Cowperthwait. Judge John K. Cowperthwait was 
 a son of the latter, and Spicer Cowperthwait, now 
 a merchant in Camden, is a grandson. 
 
 Wrightsville is on that part of the Spicer prop- 
 erty that came to Rebecca and William Folwell 
 and to Sarah and Joseph Cowperthwait. 
 
 Jacob Spicer, son of Samuel, Sr., owned a large 
 tract of land lying north of his father's, and ex- 
 tending to Pensaukin Creek. He sold to his 
 brother Thomas four hundred and ten acres, lying 
 next his father's land, and that part lying on Pen" 
 saukin Creek to Samuel Burroughs, who later 
 built a mill upon it. A part of the Burroughs land 
 is stil) in possession of the family. Jacob Spicer, 
 in 1691, removed to Cape May County, and was a 
 member of the Legislature from 1703 to 1723, and 
 surrogate from the last-named year to 1741, and 
 died in the latter year. He left a son Jacob, who 
 was a member of the Legislature in 1744, and was 
 appointed with Aaron Leaming to revise the laws 
 of the State, and " Leaming and Spicer," as the 
 collection is termed, bears witness to the faithful 
 performance of their duties. The Spicer estate 
 will later be mentioned in the account of the Rud- 
 
 derow family, to whom it in large part descended. 
 Mention has been made of the marriage of Eliza- 
 beth Cole, the widow of Samuel, to Grifiith Mor- 
 gan. He was a native of Wales, and a mariner, 
 and in 1677 purchased of David Lloyd and Isaac 
 Norris, executor of Thomas Lloyd, of Philadelphia, 
 a tract of fivehundred acres of land, embracing the 
 site of Fort Eriwomac, which had been located by 
 Samuel Jennings, the first Governor of New Jersey. 
 It was bounded on the west by Delaware River, 
 and on the north by Pensaukin Creek, and ex- 
 tended about a mile up the creek and about a 
 quarter of a mile along the river-front. He did 
 not settle upon the place for many years, but con- 
 tinued his business as a mariner, and was some 
 time in England. An account of his romantic 
 meeting with Elizabeth Coles will be found in the ' 
 sketch of Samuel Coles. The license for his mar- 
 riage was granted by the chancellor of Pennsyl- 
 vania on the 10th of December, 1693, and the mar- 
 riage ceremony soon after was performed in Phila- 
 delphia. He then erected a stone house, two stories 
 and a half high, with dormer windows, near the 
 mouth of Pensaukin Creek, commanding a fine 
 view of the Delaware River, where he settled and 
 died a few years after, leaving a widow and 
 one son, Alexander. His widow, Elizabeth, died 
 in 1710. Alexander jMorgan inherited the projser- 
 ty of his father, and, in 1717, married Hannah 
 Cooper, a daughter of Joseph Cooper, and settled 
 upon the Morgan homestead, where he died in 
 1751, leaving his wife and ten children, — Joseph, 
 Benjamin, Isaac, Mary, Elizabeth, Lydia, Sarah, 
 Hannah, Rachel and Alexander. By this marriage 
 the family ultimately became connected with the 
 Mickles, Hopkinses, Ladds, Coxes, Cootes and 
 Clements of West Jersey, and the Rawles, Riggs 
 and other families of Pennsylvania. 
 
 Joseph Morgan, eldest son of Alexander, married 
 Agnes Jones, and settled on the homestead. They 
 had one child, Griffith, who, in 1766, married 
 Rebecca, a daughter of Samuel Clement ; three 
 daughters were the result of this marriage, as fol- 
 lows : Agnes, who married Enos Eldridge ; Re- 
 becca, who became the wife of James B. Cooper 
 and resided at Haddonfield ; Ann, who in 1795 
 married William E. Hopkins and lived on the 
 Hopkins farm, on Coopers Creek, near Haddon- 
 field. The first wife of Joseph Morgan died young. 
 He married a second time and had several children, 
 — Joseph, who married Mary Evans and Mary 
 Butchel; Hannah, who married Mr. Saterthwait; 
 Elizabeth, who became the wife of Joseph Reeve ; 
 and Sarah, who married James Hinchman. Upon 
 the death of this wife he, in 1758, married Mary, 
 
i £)^.^^^ /^^/yla-^ 
 
THE TOWNSHIP OF STOCKTON. 
 
 747 
 
 the daughter of Joseph Stokes, by whom he had 
 four children,— Isaac, Alexander, Mary and Ben- 
 jamin ; the last married Mary Champion. His third 
 wife died and Joseph Morgan married Elizabeth 
 Atkinson, by whom were no children. 
 
 The old homestead, near the mouth of the creek, 
 remained in the family and came to Joseph R. Mor- 
 gan. William Burroughs, as administrator, con- 
 veyed the one hundred acres of that part of the 
 estate, and the mansion-house, to John Morris, 
 March 1, 1834, who resided thereon until Septem- 
 ber 2(;, 1853, when he sold it to William B. Mann 
 & Oo., of Philadelphia. In that year a fishing 
 club of fight peraons was formed, of whom Mr. 
 Miinn was one, and bought five aires adjoining the 
 house, and erected the present Fish House. On 
 the 28th of January, 1868, Jacob Backeubach 
 bought the farm and Morgan homestead of one 
 hundred acres, and is still in possession. 
 
 Benjamin Morgan, the second son of Alexander, 
 in 1761, married Jane Roberts and settled on Pen- 
 saukiu Creek, part of the homestead, where he at 
 once built a one-story friime house, and, in 1775, 
 built the present stone dwelling-house, of which 
 the old part is the east wing of the house now owned 
 and occupied by Dr. J. Dunbar Hylton. Their 
 children were Hannah; Benjamin, who died in 
 youth ; and Benjamin R., who never married. At 
 the death of Benjamin his estate passed to Alex- 
 ander Morgan, of Philadelphia. In 1838, John S. 
 Hylton, a native of England, came to this country 
 and purchased of the administrator of the IMorgan 
 estate two hundred and twenty acres, known as the 
 Mount Pleasant farm, and one hundred and seventy 
 acres adjoining, and above, on Pensaukin Creek, 
 the Comus Hill farm. On this large tract he settled, 
 and, in 1860, finding the soil in its loams and clays 
 was well adapted for use, he began the shipment of 
 loam and clay to rolling-mills, foundries and pot- 
 teries. It Wiis of easy access to Pensaukin Creek, 
 where the material was loaded on vessels and con- 
 veyed to its destination. The trade has been con- 
 tinued to the present time without interruption. 
 In 187:; the business passed to his son, Dr. J. 
 Dunbar Hylton. immense quantities have been 
 shipped from the farm, and the supply seems un- 
 limited. In 1880, when the iron trade was prosper- 
 ing, forty-two thousand tons were excavated and 
 shipped, and in 1885 twenty-five thousand tons 
 were taken out. In addition to the shipment of 
 loam and clay, Dr. Hylton is cultivating fruit ex- 
 tensively, having a peach orchard tontaining fifteen 
 thousand trees, fifteen acres containing four thou- 
 sand Niagara grape-vines, one thousand Keefer 
 pear-trees and ten acres of the Wilson blackberry. 
 
 J. Dunbar Hylton, M.D., is a member of the 
 ancient and hongrable family of that name that 
 for so many generations bore a prominent part in 
 the military and civic history of England. The 
 family seat is at Hylton, near Sunderland, on the 
 river Ware, where Henry Hylton, who had re- 
 ceived a large grant from William the Conqueror, 
 because of his own and hia father's valor, and who 
 was afterwards slain in Normandy, built the an- 
 cient Hylton castle in 1072. The family traces its 
 genealogy back three hundred years before the 
 conquest, and is mentioned by the venerable Bede 
 in his work published in the sixth century. Since 
 the time of the Conquest it is remarked of the Hyl- 
 tons that one was slain at Feversham, in Kent, 
 one in Normandy, one at Mentz, in France, three 
 in the Holy Wars, under Richard I., three at the 
 battle of Bourdeaux, under the Black Prince, one 
 at Agincourt, two at Berwick-upon-Tweed, against 
 the Scots, two at the battle of St. Albans, five at 
 Market Bosworth and four at Flodden Field. 
 
 From such illustrious and valiant ancestors is 
 descended the subject of this sketch. His great- 
 grandfather, William Hylton, descended from one 
 of the junior branches of the family. About 1764 
 he left England and came to America, locating 
 near Bath, Va., where he acquired some ten thou- 
 sand acres of land, as well as owning land on Long 
 Island, where the city of Brooklyn now stands. 
 After the breaking out of the Revolutionary War 
 he espoused the royal cause and returned to Eng- 
 land, his property in America being confiscated by 
 the colonies. He finally established himself in the 
 Island of Jamaica, where he became a large 
 planter. 
 
 Hia son, John Hylton, was a captain in 
 the British army, and resided near Kingston^ 
 Jamaica, near which point he was stationed. He 
 was the father of John S. Hylton, a native of 
 county Durham, England, on the river Ware, near 
 Hylton castle. He married Mary Susanna Fry, 
 and was an extensive planter in Jamaica, where 
 he owned some five thousand acres of land and 
 sixteen hundred negroes. He removed to the 
 United States about 1839, and purchased large 
 tracts of land at Comus Hill, on Pensaukin Creek, 
 Camden CVuiuty, N. J. There he passed the re- 
 mainder of his life, engaged in bucolic and agricul- 
 tural pursuits, and in the cultivationof a fine liter- 
 ary taste. He was a frequent contributor to various 
 leading magazines and periodicals in both England 
 and America. His children are Dr. J. Dunbar 
 Hylton; William R. Hylton, residing near Camden ; 
 Dr. Reginald T. Hylton, Nanticoke Pa. ; Lionel, 
 residing in Philadelphia; Dr. Stanley C. Hylton, 
 
748 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 of Philadelphia; and Edith A., wife of Nicholas 
 Bilger, of the same city. 
 
 Dr. J. Dunbar Hylton was born on the Island of 
 Jamaica March 25, 1837, and, on his mother's side, 
 is descended from the Frys, of Maddon's Court, 
 England, and the Dunbar family, of Scotland, to 
 . which the great Scottish poet, William Dunbar, 
 belonged. His early education was conducted 
 under a private tutor. He was brought to this 
 country when he was two years of age. Subse- 
 quently he assisted his father in his farming pur- 
 suits, and then, having been seized with the gold 
 fever, he engaged in gold-digging at Pike's Peak. 
 He next entered the employ of the Phoenix Iron 
 Company for the purpose of learning the iron 
 business, and after a time entered upon the study 
 of medicine, under Dr. Henry H. Smith, professor 
 of surgery in the University of Pennsylvania, from 
 which institution he was graduated with the degree 
 of Doctor of Medicine in 1866. He engaged in the 
 practice of his profession, for ten years, in Phila- 
 delphia, and at River Side and Palmyra, N. J., 
 and finally purchased a farm, belonging to his 
 father, in Camden County, and turned his attention 
 to agriculture, fruit-growing and mining clays. At 
 the present time he owns about two hundred and 
 seven acres of land in Stockton township and 
 Burlington County, containing clay and kaolin 
 deposits, varying in depth from eight to thirty-two 
 feet, which he readily disposes of to the rolling- 
 mills, fire-brick works and foundries of this 
 country and Cuba, and is also engaged in every 
 branch of agriculture, trucking, farming, fruit- 
 growing, and in the development and propagating 
 of new varieties of fruits and berries. The ancient 
 and picturesque house which he occupies was 
 completed in 1775 by Benjamin Morgan. This 
 house stands on a high bluff, overlooking the waters 
 of the Pensaukin Creek and the Delaware River, 
 and commands a fine view of Philadelphia and the 
 surrounding country for miles, and has been occu- 
 pied by the Hylton family for over forty years. 
 It is one of the attractions of the neighborhood, 
 and the doctor, with his genial hospitality, occu- 
 pying this antique abode, and surrounded by his 
 well-tilled fields and his small army of laborers, 
 reminds one strikingly of the planters of the South 
 in the days before the war. Inheriting strong 
 literary taste and ability, like Horace, he finds time, 
 apart from his bucolic pursuits, to dally with the 
 muses, and each winter sees from his pen some 
 new gem added to the list of the successful and 
 popular works of the day. His talent runs chiefly 
 in the direction of the ideal and imaginative, and 
 manifests itself in verse. Among the volumes that 
 
 he has published are,—" Lays of Ancient Times" 
 (1857), " Voices from the Rocky Mountains " 
 (1862), "Praisidicide" (1865), "The Bride of 
 Gettysburg" (1878), "Betrayed" (1880), "The 
 Heir of Lyolynn" (1883), "Above the Grave" 
 (1884), " Artiloise, or the Weeping Castle" (1885), 
 and others are soon to follow. 
 
 Dr. Hylton's versification is strong and rythmi- 
 cal, and the flow of thought regular and entertain- 
 ing. His works find a ready sale, and have won 
 for him a place among the successful litirateurs of 
 the country. He married. May 31, 1865, Miss Emma 
 Denckla Silvis, daughter of Benjamin and Emily 
 T. (Renfrew) Silvis, of Philadelphia, and has had a 
 family of seven boys, of whom only J. Dunbar 
 Hylton, Jr., survives. 
 
 Benjamin Morgan, a great-grandson of Alex- 
 ander, a descendant of Griffith Morgan, before 
 1800, became the possessor of a large tract of land 
 on Coopers Creek, below the old Champion tract, 
 and above what is now the Browning farm. He 
 married Mary Champion, and settled upon the 
 place. His son Joseph married Margaret, a daugh- 
 ter of John Browning. Of his daughters, Mary 
 became the wife of Isaac Mickle; Rachel, of Rich- 
 ard M. Hugg ; another became the wife of Jacob 
 Roberts. 
 
 The families of Rudderow in this region of 
 country sprang from John Rudderow, a native of 
 England, who emigrated about 1680 and settled at 
 Chester, in Burlington County, N. J., between the 
 north and south branches of the Pensaukin Creek. 
 He died in 1729 and left the land to his son, John 
 Rudderow, who died in 1769 and devised it by will 
 to his son William, who, in 1758, married Abigail, 
 the daughter of Thomas Spicer, Jr., son of Thomas, 
 grandson of Samuel. At this time William Rud- 
 derow was living on his paternal estate with his 
 father, where he continued for eight years after his 
 marriage, and where eight of their children were 
 horn. In 1782 they moved from the forks of Pen- 
 saukin to the property of Rebecca Spicer, her 
 mother then living on her estate, which em- 
 braced a tract of over four hundred acres, in the 
 centre of which Merchantville stands, and in which 
 Abigail, the wife of William, had an interest. 
 This property was in possession of Thomas Spicer, 
 Sr., before 1717, as in that year it was surveyed by 
 Thomas Sharp ; a piece of land later known as 
 Coopers Woods was included in the tract. Upon 
 this tract Thomas Spicer, Sr., erected a house soon 
 after 1717, which evidently was occupied as a tene- 
 ment, and in a re-survey made in 1735 it is 
 mentioned as the residence of Alexander McCloud. 
 It stood on the site of the present residence of ex- 
 

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THE TOWNSHIP OF STOCKTON. 
 
 749 
 
 Senator Alexander G. Cattell. John Rudderow, 
 son of William and Abigail, married in 1782, and 
 in 1792 moved in the old house to which, in 1804, 
 he built a large addition, two stories high, twenty 
 by sixty feet, of sawed white oak timber laid like 
 a log house and dove-tailed at the corners. This 
 house stood until 1852, when it was torn down 
 and replaced by the present residence. The old 
 part, in 1806, was moved and made into a barn. 
 
 About 1733 Thomas Spicer, Sr., erected a one- 
 story and a half house, with dormer windows, also 
 of white oak timber, on that portion of the estate 
 now owned by Joseph Hollinshead. A part of the 
 old house is still standing, and is in the township 
 of Delaware, while the part later erected, adjoining 
 is in Stockton, the township line passing through 
 the house. This house was, prior to 1782, known 
 as Cherry Tree Tavern, and from that time to 1808 
 as the home of William Rudderow. It was then 
 occupied for a number of years by William, son of 
 John Rudderow. 
 
 Rebecca Rudderow survived her husband many 
 years, and died at the age of eighty-three years. 
 Their children were John, William and Thomas. 
 John settled upon the farm, and in 1792 moved 
 into the house above mentioned. He married, in 
 1782, Jerusha Inskip, by whom he had children, — 
 William, Benjamin, Samuel, Thomas, Sarah, Abi- 
 gail, Hope and Jerusha. The daughters lived in 
 Camden. William and Benjamin lived on the old 
 homestead property. Samuel settled on the origi- 
 nal Rudderow estate, on the north side of Pensau- 
 kin Creek, opposite his uncle's, who had settled 
 previously on the south side. 
 
 Jerusha, the wife of John Rudderow, died, and 
 he married as a second wife, Anna Lacony, by 
 whom he had children,— John, Ezra, Amos, Joel, 
 Anna, Susan, Emily and Jane. John died about 
 1864. Ezra was a captain on the river steamer 
 " Farmer," and was killed by an accident. Amos 
 bought part of the home estate and resided there, 
 and sold the farm in parcels from 1856 to 1858. 
 From 1861 to 1878 he was treasurer of the West 
 Jersey Ferry Company ; he now resides in Mer- 
 chantville. Joel studied for the ministry and en- 
 tered the Episcopal Church, and is now rector of 
 a parish, "The Gabs," in Montgomery County. 
 
 William Rudderow, son of William, settled on 
 a tract of land on the south side of Pensaukin 
 Creek and on the main road, where he died, and 
 left two sons,— Richard and Josiah— who also lived 
 and died upon the tract. After the death of the 
 latter the farm was sold. 
 
 Thomas, a brother of John and William, also 
 settled on Pensaukin Creek, adjoining his brother 
 
 William, where he died and left two sons, — Jacob 
 and Benjamin. Miss Jerusha Rudderow, a daughter 
 of John Rudderow by the first wife, died in 1884, 
 and in 1885 a hundred acres of land were sold, and 
 which had not been transferred by deed since its 
 sale to Samuel Spicer — a period of two hundred 
 years. Dr. John R. Stevenson, Dr. Charles H. 
 Shivers and Mrs. Gustavus M. Murray, all of Had- 
 donfield, are children of Mrs. Anne Shivers, 
 daughter of John Rudderow. 
 
 Humphrey Day came to the settlement along 
 the river and creek when a young man, and in 
 1737 he was keeping a ferry and a tavern, probably 
 where John Champion had a ferry in 1702, as in 
 that year he was assessed upon the business twenty 
 shillings. He was a neighbor of the Woods, Spicers 
 and Nicholsons. He and his wife, Jane, who died 
 in 1760, were buried in the St. Mary's church-yard 
 at Colestown. He lived on the north side of 
 Coopers Creek, on land lately owned by the 
 Shivers family. Their daughter Rebecca married 
 Thomas Spicer, Jr., who owned four hundred and 
 ten acres, the site of Merchantville and surround- 
 ing it. 
 
 The Fish family in the township are descended 
 from the Swedish settlers. Justa Fish is the first 
 of whom anything is known. He was a constable 
 in Chester township, Burlington County, in 1698. 
 Isaac Fish, probably a son, in 1762, was in posses- 
 sion of a large tract of land and the fishery above 
 Pea Shore and on the river-front. He had children, 
 — Charles, who married Rachel Browning ; Benja- 
 min; Jeremiah; Ann, who married Samuel Rud- 
 derow ; Keturah, who became the wife of Jacob 
 Stone ; Eunice, who married William Horner ; 
 Susannah, Daniel Stoy ; Rachel, Josiah Rudderow ; 
 and Elizabeth, Adam Baker Evaul. Charles Pish 
 lived at the place many years, but in time it came 
 into the possession of Benjamin, who, about 1843, 
 sold it to Samuel Browning, whose son Eli now is 
 in possession, while the property is still owned by 
 Sarah Browning's heirs, of whom he is one. The 
 children mentioned above are by two wives. 
 Jeremiah Fish, one of the sons of Isaac, came into 
 possession of the farm on the river-front — part of 
 the original one hundred acres. Samuel Coles sold 
 to Henry Wood, and which later came to Joseph 
 Nicholson. Jeremiah Fish, in 1830, sold to 
 William Horner, his brother-in-law, who lived and 
 died there. It passed to Lemuel Horner, a son of 
 William, who now owns the property. The old 
 Wood-Spicer buryingground is on this farm, and 
 Pavonia and the Camden Water- Works are ad- 
 joining. 
 
 The Homers are descended from the Swedish 
 
750 
 
 HISTOKY OP CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JEKSEY. 
 
 settlers, and prior to 1739 Bartholomew Horner 
 purchased a large tract of land of John Gill, now 
 in Delaware township, near the head of the old 
 Swett Pond. It passed to his son Jacob, and was 
 retained in the family until after 1800. The family 
 were connected by marriage with the Stokes, 
 Thackaras, Matlacks and Kays. Early in the pres- 
 ent century Merritt, David and Joseph Horner were 
 living in the township, well advanced iu years. 
 Merritt resided a short distance north of Merchant- 
 ville, on the farm still owned by his descendants. 
 His children were Beulah (married Thomas P. 
 Clements, Ann (married John Stow), Miriam 
 (married Benjamin Fish), Mary Ann (married John 
 Horn), William, Marion and Joel. William mar- 
 ried Eunice Fish, and in 1830 bought the farm 
 now known as the Lemuel Horner farm, where he 
 lived and died. His son Lemuel also resided there. 
 It has recently been sold to Alfred Cramer, and 
 will be laid out into lots. The old house upon the 
 property was built in 1765 by some of the Woods 
 or Spicers, and is yet in good condition. Marion 
 Horner, son of Merritt, settled on the homestead 
 of his father and died there. The property is 
 owned by his family. 
 
 Joseph Horner, brother of Merritt and David, 
 settled on the old Burlington road, southwest of 
 the Sorrel Horse tavern. He had three sons, — 
 Joel, Asa and Thomas C. The latter settled in 
 Camden ; Asa P. remained on the homestead and 
 died there ; Joel lived on the farm adjoining. 
 They were both judges of the courts of Camden 
 County and freeholders of the township for several 
 years. 
 
 David Horner settled on a farm east of his 
 brother Merritt, and now owned by John S. Collins, 
 where he died. His children were Mary (married 
 James Adams), Elizabeth (married William Hinch- 
 man), Isaac, Benjamin, John and Merritt. Ben- 
 jamin settled on the homestead; the others in 
 Camden. 
 
 The family of Brownings, which has for many 
 years been prominent in the county in agriculture, 
 law, ferries and other occupations, all sprang from 
 one John G. Browning, who came from Holland to 
 this country before 1752. The name is of English 
 origin, and the emigrant was doubtless a descend- 
 ant of one of the family connected by its branches 
 with the great mercantile interests for which Hol- 
 land was noted. He was married in this region 
 of West Jersey, at some place not known, Decem- 
 ber 12, 1752, to Catherine Baker, and settled on 
 the Delaware, within the limits of Camden County. 
 They had eleven children, of whom Philip Jacobj 
 George Adam and Margaret, all born before 1757,' 
 
 died comparatively young. John was born No- 
 vember 6, 1760, and in early life became interested 
 in marine service and ship-building, and failing in 
 accomplishing his object in that direction, he pur- 
 chased a tract of land on Alloways Creek, where 
 he lived a few years, and about 1795 purchased a 
 tract of land west of Merchantville and moved 
 upon it. He married a daughter of one of the 
 Lawrence family of East Jersey, by whom he had 
 fourteen children, of whom were Daniel, (who 
 married Hannah Cole), Benjamin, William, James, 
 Samuel, Eachel (who married Charles H. Fisk), 
 Margaret (who married Joseph Morgan), Rebecca 
 (who married Ezra Rudderow) and Elizabeth (who 
 
 married Heulinga). One of the sons married 
 
 Grace Fisk, a daughter of Isaac. John Browning 
 married, as a second wife, Ann Hinchman, by 
 whom he had four children, — William (who mar- 
 ried Burrough), Benjamin (who married Re- 
 becca Troth, a daughter of Jacob), Isaac (who 
 married Sarah Starn) and Jane (who became the 
 wife of Charles Starn) ; the latter is a large fruit- 
 grower in the vicinity. 
 
 John Browning, May 30, 1801, bought one hun- 
 dred acres of land, part of the Spicer land, in the 
 northern part of the township, near the Moorestown 
 road of Joel Gibbs. The property was sold by the 
 Spicers in 1765, and came to Thomas Holmes, 
 who by will left it, May 27, 1783, to his son 
 William, who, in 1800, sold it to Joel Gibbs. In 
 October, 1805, John Browning purchased twenty- 
 one acres of land, on the west side of the main 
 branch of Pensaukin Creek, of Joshua Ostler. 
 Isaac Browning lives upon the home tract west ot 
 Merchantville. Others of the family settled in 
 township. 
 
 George Browning, next younger than John, 
 was born in 1763, and moved to Burlington County, 
 where he settled. Abraham, a younger son, was 
 born February 25, 1769, and about 1798 married 
 Beulah Genge, a native of Gloucester County. 
 He purchased one hundred acres of land on the 
 bank of Coopers Creek, above the Spicer lands and 
 below the Champion tract. It formerly was in 
 possession of the Shivers family, but was not 
 the original Shivers tract, as that was in Delaware 
 township. Abraham Browning settled at the place 
 mentioned, and later purchased two hundred acres, 
 adjoining and below on the creek, of Mr. Bonnell. 
 The Marlton pike passes through the property, 
 which is yet in the family. About 1800 Abraham 
 Browning established the ferry at the foot of Mar- 
 ket Street, Camden, which was known as the Brown- 
 ing Ferry until it was chartered in 1849 as the West 
 Jersey Ferry, It was retained in the family until 
 
THE TOWNSHTP OF STOCKTON. 
 
 751 
 
 a few years since. Abraham Browning died Sep ■ 
 tember 11, 1836, and his wife in 1863. They are 
 both buried in the Colestown church-yard. Their 
 children were George, Eleanor, John, Catharine, 
 Rebecca, Abraham, Genge, Maurice, Charles, Ed- 
 ward, Benjamin B. (who died in infancy), George 
 B. and Benjamin F., of whom Eleanor, Rebecca, 
 Abraham and Maurice only are living. Abraham 
 and Maurice were largely interested in Camden, 
 where some account of them will be found in con- 
 nection with the professions and enterprises in 
 which they were engaged. Maurice Browning is 
 now the manager of the Browning estate in this 
 township. 
 
 Isaac Browning, the youngest son of John 
 George, was born December 1, 1775, and settled in 
 Gloucester township, at the mouth of Timber 
 Creek, where he lived and died. 
 
 The ancestors of the family of Starn, in this 
 country, was Conrad Starn, who had two sons, — 
 Abner and Andrew. The latter resided in Phila- 
 delphia. Abner settled near Haddonfield, and had 
 five sons, — Joseph, Benjamin, Charles, Samuel and 
 John, — of whom Benjamin remained on the home- 
 stead, and Joseph and Samuel moved to what is 
 now Stockton township where they rented farms. 
 Late in life Joseph Starn purchased one of the 
 Rudderow farms, now part of the borough of Mer- 
 chantville, but died before moving thereon. His 
 sons were Elwood, Josiah, Charles W. and 
 Joseph A. Charles W. Starn, in 1861, purchased 
 a farm of John Lawrence, part of the old Ostler 
 tract. He had for several years previously carried 
 on market gardening, but at once began to set out 
 the farm to fruit-trees, and at present has two 
 .thousand five hundred apple-trees, one thousand 
 pear-trees, six thousand cherry-trees, six thousand 
 peach-trees and twenty-five acres of blackberries, 
 and has settled conclusively that this part of New 
 Jersey is well adapted to the culture of fruits. 
 
 On the property now owned by Joseph Evaul, 
 Nathan and Hannah Evans erected a stone house 
 in 1797. It later came into possession of William 
 Browning, who, about 1815, sold it, with the prop- 
 erty of Jacob Evaul's heirs, to Jacob Evaul, Sr., 
 bvwhom it came to his sons, Joseph and Jacob. 
 The Evauls are descended from the early Swedish 
 settlers, who remained along the river after the 
 title passed to the Proprietors. Adam Baker 
 Evaul married Elizabeth Fish and settled in the 
 
 ^'jThn Walker came from " Old Market," Eng- 
 land —the first of the name in this region— in 
 I677' and soon after bought land in what is' now 
 Stockton township. He had two children,— John 
 
 and Catharine. The latter married George Hors- 
 fielder, to whom John, her father, in 1710, con- 
 veyed one hundred and five acres on Pensaukin 
 Creek. Horsfielder sold it in 1712 to John Walker, 
 Jr., brother of his wife, who, in 1713, sold it to 
 Philip Wallace, who had married his daughter 
 Sarah. Their children married into the families 
 of Gibbs, Atkinson, Lacony, Morgan, Toy,Lippin- 
 cott and others. Sarah married Joseph Morgan, 
 who lived on the old Morgan estate ; Patience 
 married James Toy ; Thomas married Hope Lip- 
 pincott. Others intermarried with families of 
 Atkinson and Lacony. Elizbeth Fish married 
 Samuel Wallace, son of Thomas; Ann Wallace, 
 daughter of Thomas, married Benjamin Rudderow. 
 Joseph and Samuel Osier, in the time of the 
 Revolution, owned land north of the land Samuel 
 Burroughs bought of Jacob Spicer and east of 
 Jordantown and on the south branch of Peasaukin 
 Creek. Joseph died before 1787, as in that year 
 his land, consisting of four hundred acres, was 
 divided between his children — Davis, Joseph, Eliza- 
 beth (Mrs. Rudderow), Samuel, Jeremiah, Sarah, 
 Joshua, Owen, John and William. 
 
 Major John Osier, a surveyor and a leading 
 man in St. Mary's Church, at Colestown, in 1815 
 sheriff of Gloucester County, owned a farm west 
 of the Osier lands, now owned by Joseph Horn. 
 The fruit farm of Charles W. Starn is a part of the 
 old Osier tract. 
 
 Benjamin Osier, son of John, purchased a tract 
 of land of Mrs. Mary Morgan, part of the Morgan ' 
 lands, and died there. His sons, Edward J. and 
 Davis S., now reside upon it. 
 
 The family of Stones was at one time numerous 
 in the township, on the old Spicer land, near the 
 river, near the Lemuel Horner farm. They were 
 of Swedish origin and probably came from the ad- 
 joining Swedish settlements, as they were not orig- 
 inal settlers. John Stone, the flr.st of whom any- 
 thing is learned, married, first, Mary Walker, 
 daughter of David Walker, son of John Walker, 
 Jr. Their children were Rebecca, who married 
 Archibald Campbell; Elizabeth, who married 
 Joseph Hudson ; Phebe, who became the wife of 
 John Stow ; Abigail, of Isaac Middleton ; Jerusha 
 of Edward Toole; Margaret, of Mathew Miller; 
 and sons, Joshua and William. Thomas Stone 
 also was an owner of land in the vicinity. 
 
 Bethel Methodist Church.^— In the year 
 1813 George Horn, formerly of Hanover Furnace, 
 N J builUhe dwelling-house on the Moorestown 
 turnpike, known as the Homestead, where William 
 Horn now lives, near the present Dudley station. 
 
 1 By the Bey. S. Townaend. 
 
752 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Soon after this, perhaps the same year, the Method- 
 ists from Camden, by invitation of Mr. Horn, 
 commenced holding meetings there. He was not 
 then a member of church, but became such soon 
 after. In the year 1815 a class was formed there 
 and he was appointed leader. There had been a 
 class formed in the neighborhood some years be- 
 fore, either in a private house or in the old school- 
 house near by, led by one John Peak, of Stone 
 Meeting-House ; but this had gone down before 
 the class was formed at Father Horn's. 
 
 Among the first local preachers and exhorters 
 who preached at his house were Riley Barrett, 
 Andrew Jenkins, David Duffel and others from 
 Camden ; and later, John P. Curtis, from near 
 Haddonfield. Among the itinerant preachers 
 who preached there were Sylvester Hill, Rob- 
 ert Sutton — he came to fill Mr. Hill's place 
 and died while on the circuit. Also, Joseph 
 Rusling, Joseph Lybrand, Daniel Fidler, David 
 Best, David Dailey, Jacob Gruber and Wes- 
 ley Wallace; these last were on the circuit to- 
 gether. Father Bcehm, of precious memory, was 
 on the circuit in 1827 and 1828. Also, Ezekiel 
 Cooper often came out from Philadelphia and 
 preached and sometimes stayed three or four days. 
 At one time he brought Bishop George out with 
 him, who stayed all night there.- 
 
 The first class was formed by Rev. Mr. Van 
 Schoik, who then had charge of the circuit, which 
 was called Burlington Circuit. In somewhat later 
 years the appointment was connected with Cam- 
 den Circuit, and the preachers were Rev. D. W. 
 Bartine, W. W. Foulks, William Williams, Joseph 
 Ashbrook and others. Meetings were held here 
 all along the years, even up to 1844, though not 
 so frequently as at first. 
 
 About the year 1830 meetings were commenced 
 in the Stone School-house, often called Union 
 School-house, on the Burlington turnpike, five 
 miles from Camden, and only a few feet from where 
 the Brick School-house now stands. A class was 
 formed here and the local preachers from Camden 
 and elsewhere preached first on Sabbath days and 
 the itinerant preachers week evenings till, about 
 1838, they commenced preaching there on Sabbath 
 morning and at Moorestown in the afternoon. 
 The circuit was atone time, say from 1838 to 1842 
 called Haddonfield Circuit, then Moorestown Cir- 
 cuit, and afterward Bethel was connected only 
 with Palmyra and finally stood as an appointment 
 alone. We have no means of knowing the bound- 
 aries of the old Burlington and Camden Circuits 
 though we have reason to believe they were very 
 large ; but the Haddonfield Circuit included the 
 
 following appointments : Coopertown (near where 
 Beverly now stands), Bridgeboro', Asbuiy (now 
 Cinnaminsou), Union School-house (now Bethel), 
 Moorestown, Haddonfield, Greenland, Blackwood- 
 town, Long-a-Coming (now Berlin), Waterford, 
 Jackson, New Freedom and Gibbsboro'. There 
 were only two preachers on those thirteen appoint- 
 ments, giving preaching by the itinerant preachers 
 once in two weeks at each place, and the alternate 
 Sabbaths were supplied by the local preachers. 
 As to salary, the preachers in charge received 
 from three to four hundred dollars per year, and 
 the junior preacher, who was generally a single 
 man, received one hundred dollars and boarded 
 among the kind and hospitable friends on the cir- 
 cuit. The preachers on the Haddonfield Circuit, 
 commencing with 1838, were as follows : 1838, 
 James Long and J. B. McKeever ; 1839, J. Long 
 and W. A. Brooks ; 1840, Nathaniel Chew and S. 
 Townsend; 1841, N. Chew and a supply; 1842, 
 Edward Stout and C. A. Kingsbury ; 1843, E. 
 Stout and a supply ; 1844— i5 (then called Moores- 
 town Circuit), J. J. Sleeper ; 1846-47, Thomas G. 
 Steward. Some of the presiding elders were as 
 follows : From 1833 to 1837, R. W. Petherbridge ; 
 from 1838 to 1841, Thomas Neall; from 1842 to 
 1844, Charles T. Ford. When Bethel appoint- 
 ment was attached to the large circuits the oflScial 
 men and others came from the extreme points to 
 the quarterly meetings, in some cases a distance of 
 twenty-five to thirty miles, and these quarterly 
 meetings were seasons of happy reunion ; the 
 love-feasts were spiritual feasts indeed, and the 
 presiding elders preached with much earnestness. 
 The first Bethel Church was built in 1844, under 
 'the pastorate of Rev. J. J. Sleeper. It was a frame 
 church, thirty-two feet wide by forty-six feet long, 
 and one story high, of respectable appearance and 
 good material, situated on .the Burlington turn- 
 pike, four miles from Camden. It is still remain- 
 ing on the same site as chapel to the new church 
 built in 1884. 
 
 There was an excellent revival of religion in the 
 school-house about the winter of 1843, under the 
 labors of Rev. E. Stout. There was a great revi- 
 val in the winter of 1846, under the labors of Rev. 
 T. G. Stewart, in their new church. Quite a large 
 number were converted, several of whom are prom- 
 inent members of the church to this day. There 
 was also a good revival under the labors of Rev. 
 C. K. Fleming, and another under the pastorate of 
 Rev. R. S. Harris in the time of the Civil War, 
 and also a good one in 1833 in the pastorate of 
 Rev. W. E. Greenbank, besides many others of 
 more or less power and extent. 
 
THE TOWNSHIP OP STOCKTON. 
 
 753 
 
 The church has now about one hundred and ten 
 members and one hundred scholars in the Sabbath- 
 school. It is, taten as a whole, a church of more 
 than ordinary spirituality and earnestness in 
 Christian work. 
 
 Following is a list of the pastors not heretofore 
 given, from 1848 to 1886, inclusive: 
 
 Tor 1848^9. J. Loiidenslager (connected withMoorestown Circuit). 
 
 For 1850. Not ascertained (connected withMoorestown Circuit). 
 
 Tor 1861-62. Edward Page (connected witli Moorestown Circuit). 
 
 Tor 1853. L. Herr and B. F. Woolston (connected witli Moorestown 
 Circuit). 
 
 For 1864. C. K. Fleming and D. L. Adams (connected with Moores- 
 town Circuit). 
 
 For 185d. C. K. Fleming (connected with Moorestown Circuit). 
 
 For 1856-57. L. J. Rhoads (connected with Moorestown Circuit). 
 
 For 1858-59. G. 0. Maddock (connected with Moorestown Circuit) 
 
 For IStiO. J. H. James (connected with Moorestown Circuit). 
 
 For 1861. C. R. Hartranft (connected with ffi^oorestown Circuit). 
 
 For 1862. J. G. Crate (Bethel and Moorestown). ^ 
 
 For 1863. J. I. Corson (Palmyra and Bethel). 
 
 For 1864-65. R. S. Harris (first year Palmyra and Bethel, second 
 year Bethel only). 
 
 For 1866-67. L. Larew (Bethel only>. 
 
 For 1868-69. T. D. Sleeper (Bethel only). 
 
 For 1870-71. W. Beeves (Bethel only). 
 
 For 1872-73-74. Enoch Green (Bethel only). 
 
 For 1875. J. B. Turpin. 
 
 For 1876-77-78. M. C. Stokes. 
 
 For 1879-80. C. F. Garrison. 
 
 Forl881. A. K. Street. 
 
 For 1882-83-84. W. E. Greenbank. 
 
 For 188i-86. S. Townsend. 
 
 Schools. — Stockton township contained three 
 school-houses as early as 1800. One of stone, 
 built in 1795, and known as the " Union School- 
 House," was situated on the old Burlington road 
 about one and a half miles east from the Sorrel 
 Horse tavern. A log house also stood on the 
 same road, near the head of Woods Creek, or 
 Baldwins Run, and its site is now in the town of. 
 Dudley. Another stood on the land of Ben- 
 jamin Morgan, on the line of the Camden and 
 Marlton pike. It was known over fifty years ago 
 as the Greenville School-house, and the name still 
 clings to it. Near this house is a small Episco- 
 pal chapel. 
 
 In May, 1838, Eichard Stafford, Joseph Porter 
 and Benjamin W. Cooper were school commission- 
 ers of Waterford township, embracing what is now 
 Waterford, Delaware and Stockton townships, and 
 in accordance with a school law recently passed, 
 divided the township into ten districts, giving the 
 boundaries of each. The taxable inhabitants of 
 each district were requested to meet at the school- 
 houses and choose directors. The following are the 
 school-houses designated as meeting-places and the 
 districts to which they belonged : 
 
 District No. 1, Union School-House. 
 
 District No. 2, Abel Curtis School-House (afterwards Bosendale 
 District). 
 
 91 
 
 District. Name. 
 
 3- Union 
 
 4 Rcsendale 
 
 6 Greenville 
 
 43 Wrightsville 
 
 District No. 3, Morgan's School-House. 
 District No. 4, EUisburg School.House. 
 District No. 6, Horner's School-House. 
 District No. 6, Stokes' School-House. 
 District No. 7, at meeting-house at Borton's Mill. 
 District No. 8, school-house at Loag-a-Oomlng. 
 District No. 9, school-house at Jackson's Works. 
 District No. 10, school-house at Waterford Works. 
 
 Districts Nos. 1, 2 and 3, were within the limits of 
 what is now Stockton township. The township at 
 present is divided into four districts, three of which 
 are nearly the same as those of 1838. Following 
 are the names of districts, value of school prop- 
 erty and number of pupils in attendance : 
 
 Value of prop. No. of children. 
 
 $3000 155 
 
 3700 257 
 
 2000 68 
 
 2500 161 
 
 Early Taverns. — The first tavern within the 
 limits of Stockton township was kept by Humph- 
 rey Day, in 1733. He owned the property which 
 in later years was owned by the Shivers, on Coop- 
 ers Creek. There is a doubt of the exact locality 
 of the ferry. It may have been the John Cham- 
 pion ferry, on the Barton farm, on the line of 
 Delaware township, or he may have kept for a short 
 time the Spicer ferry. 
 
 There is a dim tradition of the " Cherry Tree 
 Tavern," but few facts can be obtained as to who 
 kept it. It was located on what is now known as 
 the Colestown or Church road, and on the Thomas 
 Spicer property, built by Thomas Spicer about 
 1733, and is said to have been used as a tavern 
 until 1782, when William Eudderow, son-in-law of 
 Thomas Spicer, moved to the place and resided 
 until his death, in 1808'. The property now belongs 
 to Joseph HoUinshead and the line of Stockton and 
 Delaware townships passes through his house. That 
 part of the house which is in Delaware township is 
 the old " Cherry Tree Tavern." 
 
 Among the old papers of Thomas Spicer was 
 found, a few years ago, an account for a trifling 
 sum, which was receipted, and on the back of it 
 was an order, in Spicer's hand-writing, to the land- 
 lord, evidently to give the bearer a mug of beer. 
 
 About 1800, and perhaps earlier, a house was 
 erected on the Moorestown road and on the Ostler 
 property, which was used as a tavern and had for 
 
 its sign a half-moon. It was kept by Cattell 
 
 and Warrick^ and about 1825 came into pos- 
 session of Charles Buzby, who changed its name to 
 the "Spread Eagle" and kept it several years. He 
 sold to William Hinchman, who, about 1846, sold 
 the property to John Vernier, who kept it until his 
 death, about 1876. The Sorrel Horse Tavern was 
 opened early in the century and in 1807 was kept 
 
754 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 by William Vansoiver, and later by his son Jon- 
 athan and grandson Augustus and John Lawrence, 
 who was succeeded by his son Jacob, and at pres- 
 ent by the widow of the latter. 
 
 Old Breweries. — On the old Burlington road, 
 now the Oainden and Westfield turnpike, where it 
 crosses Pensaukin Creek, about 1851, Budd & 
 Comly erected a frame building, about forty by 
 eighty feet, for the purpose of a brewery. They 
 conducted a large business, and in connection had 
 at one time five thousand hogs, which were fed 
 from the grain after it was malted. The business 
 was abandoned about 1863. In 1866 the building 
 was fitted by Eeed & Sheldon as a grist-mill, and 
 later operated by Sheldon & Brother, who sold to 
 Middleton & Brother, and it finally came to the 
 possession of Dory Middleton, who now owns it. 
 
 Fisheries. — The fisheries along the river- 
 front in the township extended from Cooper Creek 
 to the Second Cove road. The first was operated 
 by the Woods and before 1790 was owned by Sam. 
 Cooper, who also came into possession of the 
 fishery as far up the river as the Pea Shore Com- 
 pany's land, which w'as left to his son Benjamin, 
 and by him, in 1842, to his son, Benjamin W., who, 
 in 1852, sold the part in front of the tract of the 
 Pavonia Land Association with the land, and 
 within the next year or two the fishery from Pa- 
 vonia to the Cove to David E. Maddock, whose 
 heirs still own it. Later an exchange of land was 
 made with William B. Cooper, by which he came 
 into possession of the lower fishery, which he later 
 sold to Moro Philips, whose heirs are still in pos- 
 session. 
 
 The Fish Point Fishery was in possession of 
 Isaac Fish in 1762, and later came to his son, 
 Charles Fish, and George L. Browning, and about 
 1843 to Samuel Browning and is now owned by his 
 heirs. 
 
 Small fisheries along the river were owned by 
 the Evauls and Morgans. 
 
 The fishing-grounds along the Delaware River 
 in Camden County are divided into two districts, 
 of which the northern extends from Pensaukin 
 Creek to Federal Street. John McCormick is fish 
 warden. The catch for 1886, with the number of 
 men employed and nets used, are here given, — 
 
 Pavonia: David Bennet employs 80 men with a 
 net of 300 fathoms ; catch, 8500 shad. From Pen- 
 saukin to Coopers Point, 60 gill nets of 10,800 
 fathoms are used ; 20,000 shad were caught. From 
 Coopers Point to Federal Street, Camden, 8 gill 
 nets were used and the catch was 2000 shad. 
 
 Clubs.— Tammany Pea Shore Fishing Com- 
 pany, composed of Philadelphians, about 1809, 
 
 formed a company under the above name and pur- 
 chased a few acres of land on the shores of the 
 Delaware, at the place now known as '' PeaShore,'' 
 on which they erected a brick club-house, which 
 became a summer resort for the members and their 
 friends. In 1834 the old house was remodeled and 
 again in 1886. The original members are mostly 
 numbered among the departed and the few that 
 remain are well advanced in years. 
 
 The Mozart Club, of Philadelphia, composed of 
 twelve members, about 1869, purchased a plot of 
 six acres, containing a dwelling-house lying on the 
 river and near Beideman Station, which they fitted 
 up as a club-house and grounds. A landing and 
 a fine dancing floor were provided. 
 
 The Beideman Club-House, a short distance be- 
 low the Mozart Club-House, is leased by the Beide- 
 man Club of Philadelphia. The club is composed 
 of eight members, and was organized October 10, 
 1878. The grounds were leased in 1879 of the 
 Beidemans and the club took its name from the 
 station near which it is situated. The house is the 
 old Ross mansion. 
 
 The Sparks Club-House, adjoining the above, is 
 leased by the Sparks Club, of Philadelphia, com- 
 posed of twelve members, who leased the grounds 
 in 1884 _and fitted up the house. 
 
 Mabbett & Wiles' Hot-Houses. — An interest- 
 ing and extensive industry is carried on by 
 Messrs. Mabbett & Wiles at their vegetable or 
 " truck " farm, where are located what are said to 
 be the largest hot-houses in the United States. 
 . They have twenty-eight houses in all, each twenty- 
 one feet in width and varying in length from forty- 
 eight to three hundred feet. In fourteen of these 
 houses Hamburg grapes are grown and the others 
 are devoted to a general line of hot-house vegeta- 
 bles for which a market is found in New York and 
 Philadelphia and other cities of the Eastern and 
 Middle States. The number of men employed is 
 from ten to twenty-five, according to the season. 
 The enterprise was established by Truman Mabbett 
 Jr., in 1875, and Theodore Wiles became a part- 
 ner in 1877. The firm has a place of business at 
 130 Dock Street, Philadelphia. 
 
 PAVONIA. 
 
 This is the title of a land association which 
 was incorporated February 11, 1852, with eighty- 
 five stockholders, principally wealthy citizens 
 of Philadelphia. The company bought eighty 
 acres of lawn ground, near the Delaware 
 River, from Benjamin W. Cooper, and divided the 
 same into nine hundred and sixty building lots. 
 They also built a large wharf, at a cost of three 
 
THE TOWNSHIP OF STOCKTON. 
 
 755 
 
 thousand dollars, as the landing to be used for 
 a ferry connecting with Philadelphia by boat. 
 The stockholders gradually lost interest in the 
 venture and the place was neglected for many 
 years. No buildings were erected by the associ- 
 ation. The first house built was by Camden City, 
 in 1854, for the engineer of the City Water- 
 Works. Recently the place has received a new 
 impetus, through the eflforts of Alfred Cramer, 
 Esq., founder of Cramer Hill, who, since 1880, 
 bought the interests of the principal stockholders, 
 and has, in turn, sold the lots to persons who are 
 building upon them and improving them. The 
 town takes its name from the land association. 
 Over one hundred lots have been sold, and the 
 town is handsomely laid out with wide streets and 
 is well provided with shade-trees. The main 
 street is seventy feet wide and other streets sixty 
 feet in width. The town contains the Camden 
 Water- Works, reservoir and pumping station, a 
 large mansion-house and grounds formerly occu- 
 pied by Benjamin W. Cooper; also one hotel and 
 a few shops. There are about fifty neat and substan- 
 tial dwellings, which are occupied by the owners, 
 principally mechanics who are employed in Cam- 
 den and Philadelphia. Quite a number of dwell- 
 ings are now in course of construction, and the 
 rapid sale of lots gives great promise of improve- 
 ment, both in number of buildings and population. 
 There are three old brick mansions on the Dela- 
 ware Eiver front, opposite Petty's Island, two of 
 which belonged to the Cooper estate and were 
 built many years ago by the father and grandfather 
 of William B. Cooper, now a resident of Camden. 
 Both of these buildings are situated in the 
 town of Pavonia. The one nearest to Camden is a 
 large, three-story brick mansion, with dormer win- 
 dows, and built in the olden style. Upon the 
 wall nearest the river, formed in black bricks, are 
 the initials of the builder and date of erection, as 
 follows : 
 
 C 
 
 S P 
 
 17 9 
 The house was built in 1790 by Samuel Cooper, 
 the grandfather of William B. Cooper. At the 
 present time (1886) it is occupied by Benjamin 
 Engard. A short distance east of this mansion, 
 and below the location of the celebrated Cooper 
 shad fishery, is another old brick mansion. This 
 mansion, built of old-fashioned bricks, is three 
 stories high, or, as called in olden style, two stories 
 and attic with dormer windows, and is nearly as 
 large as the mansion occupied by Benjamin En- 
 
 gard. When it was erected is unknown, but the 
 old residents along the shore affirm that it was 
 built about 1771 or 1772. It is still occupied and 
 is in excellent condition, and the extensive lawn 
 surrounding it and extending to the river-banks 
 is most carefully and neatly arranged, surrounded 
 by large shade-trees, which conceal the building 
 from view. A few rods distant, on the high bank, 
 on the farm of Lemuel Horner (and now within 
 the boundary of Cramer Hill), is probably the 
 oldest mansion erected on the river-front, in Stock- 
 ton township. This is a three-story building, 
 forty by twenty feet, built of old English brick, 
 with hip-roof and dormer windows. A frame ex- 
 tension, two stories high and twenty feet square, 
 was built on the west end in 1820, making the en- 
 tire front sixty feet . The brick portion of the man- 
 sion was built at different periods. Upon the west- 
 ern wall, in large figures in black brick, is the date 
 when built,— 1765.' During the Revolution this 
 house was the headquarters of the Tories, and while 
 the British occupied Philadelphia many meetings 
 and secret conventions between the British and 
 Tories were held in it. 
 
 The entire mansion is still in excellent preserva- 
 tion. The present proprietor, Lemuel Horner, was 
 born here in 1832 and has since resided in the man- 
 sion, conducting the large farm belonging to the 
 estate. Previous to 1882 it was occupied, for 
 many years, by the Wood family. Jeremiah Fish 
 and the Stone family also occupied it, but for how 
 long a time is unknown. 
 
 Two rods distant from the mansion, and on the 
 estate, is a very old burial-place of half an acre in 
 extent, surrounded by a board fence, though 
 somewhat neglected. It is known as the " Woods 
 Burying-Ground." The remains of very many of 
 the early settlers are entombed there. Very many 
 of the early graves are unmarked, or have only 
 large field-stones at the head and foot, and on 
 many of the marble slabs still standing the surface 
 of the stone is chipped and falling in scales, so 
 that the record cannot be traced. A few, however, 
 are still in a good state of preservation, and one 
 in black marble, one hundred and twenty-four 
 years old, as perfect, apparently, as when placed 
 in position. 
 
 The oldest legible inscription is In worthy 
 memory of Abigail, wife of Samuel Spicer, who 
 departed Chis life ye 24th April, 1762, aged 26 
 years and 7 months." Adjoining is a slab erected 
 bv John Keble, evidently many years later. To 
 Jacob, son of Samuel and Abigail Spicer, who 
 died September 4, 1769, aged 24 years." A large 
 tablet, lying flat, raised by brick-work about a 
 
756 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 foot from the ground, was erected " In memory of 
 Abigail, wife of John Keble, who departed Aug- 
 ust 27, 1807, aged 60 years and 9 months." Others 
 are as follows: Eleanor, wife of John Wessels, died 
 1798, aged 28 years ; John Wessels, died 1827, aged 
 
 55 years; Henry Wood, died June 18, 1814, iiged 
 
 56 years and 9 months; Hannah, widow of Henry 
 Wood, died August 23, 1856, aged 87 years, 9 
 months ; Zachariah Wood, died May 5, 1847, in 
 his 54th year ; Eldridge, son of Henry and Han- 
 nah Wood, October 1, 1814, in his eleventh year; 
 AVilliam E., sou of Henry and Hannah Wood, 
 November 2, 1817, in his 21st year. The 
 other graves are, many of them, designated by small 
 low head-stones, without inscription or initial. 
 
 Pavonia Station is on the line of the Amboy 
 Division of the Pennsylvania Eailroad, at the junc- 
 tion of the Mount Holly Eailroad. The Burling- 
 ton County Eailroad trains also stop at the station. 
 The citizens of Pavonia, Cramer Hill and Wright- 
 ville have easy access to this station. 
 
 Weightsville.— The site of this town is on the 
 four hundred acre tract of land bought by Samuel 
 Spicer of Samuel Coles, in 1687, and passed to 
 his son Thomas, and from him to his daughters, 
 Eebecca and Sarah, who married, respectively, 
 William FoUvell and Joseph Cowperthwait, who 
 settled at the place before the beginning of the 
 present century. The residence of William Fol- 
 well is now owned and occupied by Captain 
 Emor D. French. The residence of Joseph Cowper- 
 thwait stands on the east bank of Coopers Creek, 
 a short distance north of the Federal Street bridge. 
 It is still occupied as a dwelling, but is quite 
 dilapidated. It was probably the residence of 
 Thomas Spicer, the grandfather of Rebecca and 
 Sarah. At this place a ferry across Coopers Creek 
 was established by Samuel Spicer, about 1736, 
 and in 1748 an effort was made to build a bridge, 
 which was not successful until 1764. The main 
 route of travel then passed over this ferry and 
 bridge from Burlington to Philadelphia. The 
 locality was known as Spicers Ferry, and later as 
 Spicers Bridge. 
 
 Between 1855 and 1873 a number of dwellings 
 were built on Federal Street, near Coopers Creek, 
 and occupied by John C. Gray, John Wright' 
 William Starn, Joseph Folwell and Daniel Bishop^ 
 and until 1874 the village was called Spicerville.' 
 In 1874 John Wright, a prominent citizen of the 
 village, laid out a large number of building lots, 
 built many dwelling-houses and a town hall, with 
 many other improvements, and the town has since 
 been called Wrightsville. Since October, 1885, 
 forty new brick dwellings have been built. 
 
 It contains two large chemical works, the Over- 
 brook Mills, one varnish manufactory, one bleach- 
 ery and dye works, two general stores, two grocery 
 stores, two saddler shops, two carriage and smith 
 shops, one drug store, one bakery, one china store, 
 one flour, grain and feed store, one large hotel and 
 a post-office and ninety to one hundred private 
 dwellings. There is also a large, substantial three- 
 story brick hall, forty by sixty feet in dimensions, 
 built by John Wright, for the convenience of the 
 citizens as a hall for meetings of various kinds, 
 also lodge-rooms and two public schools. The 
 Camden transfer offices and the Stockton Rifle 
 Range with the park and pavilion, are also located 
 in Wrightsville. The largest portion of the town 
 is built on both sides of Federal Street. The in- 
 habitants number about six liundred. 
 
 The large brick hotel in ■ Wrightsville was built 
 in 1877 for George Fifer, but was leased to John 
 L. Smith, who conducted it until 1885, when it 
 was sold to the present proprietor, John Berge. 
 The post-office is located in the general store of 
 Charles W. Scott, at Twenty-first and Federal 
 Streets, who is also the present postmaster. He 
 established this store in 1876 ; E. W. Bray opened 
 his store nearer the creek in 1881 ; Jonas B. 
 Clark started a grocery store some years ago; 
 Sharpless & Bro., have been established twelve 
 years and are dealers in flour, grain, feed, seeds, 
 etc. The Wrightsville District, formed from a part 
 of the Rosendale District, has two schools. There 
 are two teachers and one hundred and twenty 
 scholars. 
 
 Lodges.— Gyrene Castle, No. 8, Knights of the 
 Golden Eagle, was instituted on November 26, 1885, 
 with forty-four members. At the present time 
 (1886) there are one hundred members, among 
 whom are many of the leading men of Stockton 
 township. 
 
 The officers at institution were : P. C, George 
 Williams; N. C, Andrew J. Morris; V. C, F. A. 
 Buren; H. P., Frederick Jones; V. H., David 
 Ristine; M. of E., R. W. Dawson; C. of E., 
 Howard E. Miller; K. of E., George H. Gilbert; 
 Sir H., Alexander H. Dick. Present officers: P. 
 C, Emmor D. French; N. C, Joha D. Jeffries; 
 V. G, Simmons Watkins ; H. P., Thomas F. Tay- 
 lor ; V. H., Jonathan McCardle; M. of R., Charles 
 W. Scott; C. of E., William G. Crumley; K. of 
 E., Allen Hubbs; S. H., David Austerniuhl. 
 Meets every Thursday night, at Wright's Hall, 
 Wrightsville. 
 
 Ionic Lodge, No. 2, Shield of Honor, was insti- 
 tuted in April, 1886, with about forty members, and 
 is increasing, having now over fifty members. 
 
THE TOWNSHIP OF STOCKTON. 
 
 757 
 
 The first physician in Wrightsville was Dr. Philip 
 Beale, who located in 1879 and removed to 
 Camden in 1884. Dr. H. H. Sherk is the only resi- 
 dent physician. 
 
 The Camden Teansfek Line has its office at 
 the corner of Eighteenth and Federal Streets. 
 Samuel H. French is the proprietor, and it was es- 
 tahlished in September, 1876. There are two lines 
 running from Market Street Ferry, Camden, to 
 corner of Twenty-fourth and Federal Streets, and 
 known as the Market Street line. Fifty-five horses 
 and from twenty-five to thirty men are constantly 
 employed in the running of a continual line of 
 these coaches, making the trip every forty 
 minutes. The line has continued without inter- 
 ruption since first started. The transfer lines carry 
 from eighty to one hundred thousand excursionists 
 yearly to Stockton Park and various places in the 
 township. Captain Emmor D. Frenc his the general 
 superintendent. 
 
 CRAMEE HILL. 
 
 For many years previous to 1874 that portion 
 of Cramer Hill first laid out into lots on the 
 south was unoccupied. A small colony of colored 
 people had located to the northeast, and nearer 
 the river, and called their settlement East 
 Camden. The only resident on South Cramer 
 Hill was an old colored woman, known to the 
 residents of Spicersville as Aunt Kosy. She had a 
 small hut on the hill, and was in reality a squatter, 
 having taken possession of the land which be- 
 longed to Thomas F. McKeen. In 1874 Alfred 
 Cramer and Joseph F. McMasters bought sixteen 
 acres of McKean and laid out a town-plat with two 
 hundred and forty building lots, and that year 
 erected the first house and store at what is now 
 the corner of Cooper Street and Westfield Avenue. 
 Alfred Cramer occupied the dwelling, and early in 
 1876 the first Baptist Sunday-school in Stockton 
 township was organized in this building. The 
 teachers were Mr. and Mrs. Price, Miss Lydia 
 Wright, Miss Sallie Wright and Mrs. Alfred 
 Cramer. In 1883 the First Baptist Church of 
 Cramer Hill was organized. William F. Miller 
 built the second dwelling house in 1875. 
 
 In 1876 Joseph Cramer, brother of Alfred 
 Cramer, bought the store and dwelling and opened 
 a general store. The Sunday-school teachers, with 
 the assistance of the Trinity Baptist Church of 
 Camden, built a frame Mission Chapel and fitted 
 it for school purposes. A large double frame house 
 was built by the Eev. Sumner Hale, and two 
 double houses were soon after erected for Isaac 
 Stone, David B. Kistine, Charles E. Allen and Al- 
 fred Cramer. Other early settlers were William 
 
 Morse, John D. Jeffries, Henry Stoeckle and Alex- 
 ander Dick. 
 
 In 1884 Joseph M. McMasters was appointed an 
 Indian agent and removed to Nevada, and Alfred 
 Cramer bought of Joshua E. Jones a tract of land 
 and divided it into one hundred and twenty-five 
 building lots, and of the Pitman heirs land for 
 fifty lots, and in 1885 he bought land of Samuel 
 H. French and laid off one hundred and thirty-five 
 lots, and in the same year extended his lines over 
 the line of the Camden and Amboy Eailroad by 
 the purchase of one hundred and sixteen acres of 
 farm land from Lemuel Horner, which he divided 
 into sixteen hundred building lots. The deed for 
 this tract contains a clause preventing the sale of 
 intoxicating drinks. In 1886 he bought of William 
 B. Cooper land for one hundred and twenty lots 
 and other miscellaneous lots, making altogether 
 three thousand building lots. Of these, twelve 
 hundred are sold to individuals who have built 
 and are build|ng and improving the land. 
 
 The town-plat is well laid out; the avenues and 
 streets are graded and sixty feet wide, with shade- 
 trees on each side; the dwellings are set back some 
 distance from the street, and all buildings erected 
 must be of the required standard ; hence all the 
 residences are well designed and many fine build- 
 ings are now to he seen in the town. Cramer 
 Hill at this time (1886) contains one drug store, 
 five general stores, one shoe store, one printing 
 house and a number ot small shops, and over two 
 thousand inhabitants. Joseph Cramer conducted 
 the first store in connection with the post-oiBce. 
 Henry Stoeckle started the second store in 1883. 
 There are four schools, with about three hundred 
 scholars. 
 
 The Fiest Baptist Church of Cramer 
 Hill is located on the corner of Cooper and 
 Master Streets. This church is the outgrowth of a 
 mission school, which was organized in the first 
 store built in Cramer Hill, in 1875. For several 
 years Clarence Woolston, a student ofBridgeton 
 Seminary, and afterward a graduate of Crozer 
 Theological Seminary, conducted services in the 
 chapel, which was built in 1876. Wilson English, 
 of Camden, and other students of Crozer occasion- 
 ally assisted. In 1881 the Eev. Alfred Caldwell 
 became the first regular pastor of the chapel. In 
 September, 1883, the mission was organized by a 
 conference of the delegates of the West Jersey 
 Baptist Association, and among the constituent 
 members were John D. Jeffreys and wife, Andrew 
 Morris and wife, Thomas Hollows and wife, Joseph 
 Cramer and wife, William Frazier and wife, Mr. 
 and Mrs. Griffey and Miss Lydia Stone. The Eev. 
 
758 
 
 HISTOEY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 A. J. Hay was called as pastor to the church, and 
 at this time (1886) still officiates. There are ninety 
 regular members of the church, and two hundred 
 and seventy scholars in the Sunday-school, under 
 the care of Andrew Jenkins as superintendent. 
 Miss Mary Hill is the organist of the Sunday- 
 school. This congregation is now organizing a 
 mission in North Cramer Hill, at the corner of 
 Grant and Horner Avenues, where three building- 
 lots have been donated for that purpose by Alfred 
 Cramer, Esq. Lemuel Horner and Joseph Cramer, 
 each contributing one hundred dollars, and a large 
 number of the citizens have contributed smaller 
 sums forthesamepurpose. The congregation is now 
 preparing for the erection of the mission chapel. 
 
 St. Wilfred Protestant Episcopal Chapel. 
 — A number of the citizens of Cramer Hill, who 
 were desirous of establishing a church of this de- 
 nomination in the town, met at the house of Ar- 
 thur Matthews, in 1884, and determined to con- 
 tribute weekly sums as subscriptions toward the 
 erection of a suitable place of worship. Among 
 the contributors were Frederick Jones and wife, 
 Arthur Mathews and wife, George Gilbert and 
 wife, Edward Hankin and others. In 1885 suffi- 
 cient funds were raised, and by September of that 
 year Jeffreys & Jenkins, contractors, had completed 
 a neat, one-story frame chapel, twenty by thirty- 
 three feet and twenty-four feet high, with cupola 
 and bell. It was dedicated September 27, 1885, by 
 Bishop Scarborough. Ministers were supplied 
 until October, 1885, when the Eev. H. B. Bryan 
 became the rector. A Sunday-school was also early 
 in progress. At the present time (1886) there are 
 forty-three members of the church, and fifty-one 
 teachers and scholars in the Sunday-school, with 
 Frederick Jones as superintendent. 
 
 The Hosanna Methodist Episcopal Church 
 (colored), at Cramer Hill, originated from a series 
 of religious meetings held in the house of Miss 
 Hetty Waples, on Saunders Street, in 1862. Nine 
 persons became members of this meeting under 
 the ministration of Elder Peter Gardiner. In 1868 
 these meetings were held at the houses of John Col- 
 lins and Peter Walters. Caleb Walters, the father 
 of Peter, was an earnest worker, and was known as 
 the founder of the "Little Hosanna Church," as 
 it was called, a small, one-story frame building, 
 sixteen by twenty feet in size, built on Saunders 
 Street. In this church the congregation worship- 
 ped until 1871, when Elder William Grimes re- 
 built the church and enlarged it to twenty by forty 
 feet in dimensions. The pastors who have been 
 assigned to this congregation are the Eevs. Peter 
 Gardiner, Henry Davis, Joseph Stewart, George 
 
 E. Boyer, Francis Hamilton, Theodore Gould, 
 James Watson, Jeremiah Turpin, William Grimes, 
 John Cornish, I. J. Hill, Isaac I. Murray, Jeremiah 
 Pierce, Robert Dunn, George A. Othello, Benja- 
 min Timothy, Isaac J. Hill, Littleton Sturgis, 
 George A. Mills, John Whitecar and Francis F. 
 Smith, the present pastor. There are twenty-seven 
 members. The Sunday-school has been in progress 
 since the formation of the church. William L. 
 White was superintendent for several years. At 
 this time (1886) there are thirty-nine teachers and 
 scholars in the Sunday-school, with Wilson Wat- 
 son as superintendent and George Price assistant. 
 
 Uwioif Mission, at Cramer Hill, also called the 
 Aurora Church, was built through the influence of 
 Mrs. Francis Maxfleld in 1885. Meetings had been 
 held in her house four years previously, and 
 through her efforts and by small contributions of 
 the colored citizens, a small, one-story frame mis- 
 sion chapel, twelve by eighteen feet in dimensions, 
 was built. The Rev. James Chamberlain was the 
 first minister; he was succeeded by the Rev. James 
 Bowser. In 1884 the Rev. William Camomile was 
 sent as pastor, and in 1886, the present minister, the 
 Rev. James K. Johnson, officiates. There are but 
 few members of this church. The Sunday-school 
 is under the care of Mrs. Cassie Stewart as super- 
 intendent 
 
 Alfred Cramer is a descendant of David Cra- 
 mer, a native of England who emigrated from Eng- 
 land to this country with his wife about the middle 
 of the eighteenth century, settled on Long Island 
 and there followed his trade of a moulder. He 
 had eight children, — Jeremiah, David, Isaac, 
 Joseph, John, Mary, Abigail and Elizabeth. 
 
 When Joseph, the fourth son, who was born in 
 1780, was eight years old, his father removed to 
 Cumberland County, N. J., when he continued his 
 occupation. Joseph became noted for his skill in 
 mathematics, was self-educated, taught the English 
 branches in the schools of Philadelphia, and other 
 places, and later in life published an astronomical 
 map. Joseph married Deborah, daughter of David 
 Van Hook, of Port Elizabeth, N. J., who owned the 
 mill at Schooner Landing, where he and his 
 wife died, each at the advanced age of nearly one 
 hundred years. Their children were David, John, 
 Joseph, Isaac, Selinda, Rachel and Mary. 
 
 Isaac Cramer, the fourth son, and father of 
 Alfred Cramer, was born near Blackwood, N. J., 
 April 22, 1820. When sixteen years old he was 
 apprenticed to the wheelwright trade in Philadel- 
 phia with William Haskins, on Maiden Street, 
 between Front and Frankford. After completing 
 his apprenticeship he returned to New Jersey, 
 
rrt^i 
 
 iV VVt^AA^iMT 
 
THE TOWNSHIP OF STOCKTON. 
 
 769 
 
 locating at Kinzeytown (ailerwards Creesville), 
 where he worked for Joseph Monroe. In 1841, 
 he married Mary, daughter of Ephraim and 
 Anna Bee, of Bee Corner, now called Salina. 
 They had four children,— Hiram, a member of the 
 Twelfth New Jersey Veteran Volunteer Infanti-y, 
 who was killed at the battle of Chancellors- 
 ville, Va. ; Joseph, married Elizabetli, daughter of 
 John and Mary A. Merrill, of Woodbury, N. J., 
 and is in business at Cramer's Hill ; Mary died at 
 the age of thirteen ; and Alfred, who married Pris- 
 cilla A., daughter of John and Elizabeth Wright, 
 of Camden, by whom he had five children,— 
 Alfred, Ida M., Lydia P. (deceased), Estella I. and 
 Lois V. 
 
 Alfred Crajner was the second child, and was 
 born near Blackwood, December 12, 1844. He 
 remained with his father upon the fai-m until he 
 was of age. Farm-work did not suit his taste, and 
 he became a canvasser for books. This proved a 
 valuable experience to him and helped to fit him 
 for a business career. His father opened for him a 
 store in Creesville, which he conducted for five 
 years. After that he came to Camden, where he 
 engaged in the coal business with his father-in- 
 law, John Wright, for four yeai-s. About this 
 time he turned his attention to real estate, and 
 began to purchase land with a view to laying out a 
 town, and Cramer's Hill is the result. 
 
 Mr. Cramer carried through his plans against 
 the advice of friends, and his success is due to 
 patient industry and faith in his undertaking. 
 He has sold five hundred lots to families, many of 
 which were paid for in monthly installments, and 
 many are now owned by skilled mechanics and 
 tradesmen doing business in Philadelphia. Mr. 
 Cramer is still adding largely to his original pur- 
 chase. 
 
 DUDLEY 
 
 is a small village southeast from Cramer 
 Hill, and on the line of the Burlington County 
 Railroad. It takes its name from the Hon. 
 Thomas H. Dudley. There are from twelve to 
 fifteen fine residences in the village, includ- 
 ing the large mansion and buildings of the 
 Hon. Thomas H. Dudley, and known as "The 
 Grange," also one church, one store and one physi- 
 cian's office. The general store was started by the 
 present owner, J. S. Corkhill, in 1885. Dr. Jerome 
 L. Artz, who located in Dudley in 1885, was born 
 in Ganges, Richland County, Ohio, in 1859; was 
 educated in the schools of his native place; com- 
 menced the study of medicine with Dr. G. W. 
 Kester in 1876, and entered the Homa?opathic 
 Hospital College at Cleveland, Ohio, in 1877; in 
 
 1878 removed to Philadelphia and entered the 
 Hahnemann Medical College, and graduated there- 
 from in the class of 1881. He was assistant at 
 this college aud the Children's Hospital until 1885, 
 when he removed to Dudley. 
 
 The cemetery belonging to the Church of the 
 Immaculate Conception of Camden is located in 
 the western portion of Dudley, between the Moores- 
 town pike and Westfield Avenue. The area is 
 about six acres, neatly inclosed and handsomely 
 laid out in square lots, and wide avenues leading 
 to the main drive. 
 
 Merchantville.- The town is situated on the 
 Amboy Division of the Camden and Mount Holly 
 Railroad, about four miles east of Camden ; the 
 turnpike leading from Camden to Moorestown 
 passes through the town. It contains a population 
 of about six hundred, and is largely the residence 
 of people in business in Camden and Philadelphia. 
 It has a post-office, town hall, depot, telegraph 
 and express offices, school-house, four churches 
 (Methodist, Presbyterian, Episcopal and African 
 Methodist) and a large boarding-house situated in 
 Oak Grove. 
 
 The village prior to 1850 contained only the 
 buildings of the fai-m and tenant-houses of the 
 Rudderow family. Soon after that time Alexander 
 G. Cattell purchased the plot of ground containing 
 theold house builtby John Rudderow in 1804, which 
 he tore down and erected on its site his residence. 
 In 1856 Amos Rudderow, who owned the farm, sold 
 to Jacob Bunting, ten acres of laud on the south 
 side of the pike, for the purpose of laying it out 
 into lots. He erected a house, now the property of 
 Mr. Whickall, a spice merchant of Philadelphia. 
 Soon afler the Hon. A. G. and E. G. Cattell, John 
 Loutz and David E. Stetson purchased twenty 
 acres of land on the north side of the pike, where 
 each erected a mansion. In 1858 the same pei-sons 
 bought seventy-five acres, the balance of the Amos 
 Rudderow farm. About the same time A. G. and 
 E. G. Cattell purchased the old Coopers woods, on 
 the north side of the railroad, cleai-ed it of stumps 
 and laid it out into lots and began selling. In 
 1853 the Stockton Hotel was erected on the turn- 
 pike, which was kept by Benjamin Martin until 
 18So. About 1860 a school-house was erected and 
 used until the erection of the present commodious 
 house. The old house is now used as a drug-store. 
 The first store in town was kept by Charles W. 
 Starn, and is now owned by Benj. H. Browning, 
 and is the residence of Dr. D. W. Bartine, who 
 was the first resident physician aud is still in prac- 
 tice there. 
 
 A town hall, forty by sixty feet, two stories in 
 
760 
 
 HISTOEY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 height, was erected in 1870 at a cost of eight thou- 
 sand dollars. 
 
 Methodist Episcopal Chuhch.— In 1863 an 
 effort was made to build a church at the place, 
 which failed. In the fallof 1835 David S. Stetson, 
 Chas. W. and Jos. A. Starn, members of Bethel 
 Church, residing at Merchantville, called a meet- 
 ing of the citizens, which met at the old school - 
 house and organized by electing as trustees D. S- 
 Stetson, Mathias Homer, E. G. Cattell, Thomas 
 Sinex, Isaac Hinchman, Charles W. and Joseph 
 
 A. Starn. A subscription was at once opened and 
 two thousand dollars was subscribed, which was 
 increased to six thousand dollars. A building 
 committee was appointed. Lots for a church and 
 parsonage were donated by James C. Finn, and a 
 church building begun, which was completed in 
 the spring of 1866, and dedicated in March by 
 Bishop Matthew Simpson. The pastor at the time 
 was the Rev. E. S. Harris, He was succeeded by 
 the Revs. David H. Shoch, Wm. W. Moffatt, Ed- 
 ward Hewitt, Wm. Boyd, R. J. Andrews, George 
 
 B. White, J. E. Price, Nelson McNichoU, William 
 McCowen, W. S. Bernard and J. B. Rogers, who is 
 the present pastor. 
 
 The Sunday-school was begun by David S. Stet- 
 son, in his own house, and later held in the school- 
 house, and upon the completion of the church the 
 meeting-place was changed to that building. 
 
 The First Peesbyteeian Church was erected 
 at a cost of about eight thousand dollars in 1874. 
 The congregation was under the pa.storal care of 
 the Rev. Nathaniel L. Upham from its organiza- 
 tion to September, 1884, when the Rev. M. C. 
 Wood, the present pastor, assumed the charge. 
 The church has a membership of sixty-seven. 
 
 Grace Episcopal Church. — A small band of 
 this denomination was gathered in the Town 
 Hall in 1878, and organized into a church. Services 
 were supplied by appointment by the bishop from 
 Philadelphia. The congregation was weak for 
 several years, but in 1880 a better spirit prevailed, 
 Grace Parish was erected and the present chapel 
 built. In February, 1883, the Rev. R. G. Moses 
 was selected as rector of the parish, and is now in 
 charge. There are about one hundred and twenty 
 in the parish and fifty-six communicants. 
 
 The Post-Office was established in 1866, with 
 Chas. W. Starn as postmaster. The following 
 persons have oflBciated as postmasters : John W. 
 Kaighn, Richard Shreiner, Mrs. R. Shreiner, Wm. 
 Kirby, E. L. Shinn and the present incumbent, 
 Gottlieb Mich. 
 
 Incorporation.— The village was incorporated 
 March 3, 1874, with Mathias Homer as burgess, 
 
 and Jas. Millinger, Elijah G. Cattell, D. T. Gage, 
 Jos. Baylis, E. S. Hall, T. 0. Knight and C. E. 
 Spangler as the first Council, Mr. Homer con- 
 tinued as burgess until 1886, when he was suc- 
 ceeded by John H. Wilkinson. The justices of 
 the peace since the incorporation of the borough 
 have been Richard Shreiner, Wm. Sheldrake, 
 John Potts, E. J. Spangler, E. L. Shinn and Jos. 
 Baylis. 
 
 The Stockton Sanitarium, for the treatment 
 and care of persons suffering from nervous affec- 
 tions, and for mild cases of mental disease, is 
 located at Merchantville,. New Jersey, and was 
 opened for patients October 29, 1884. The build- 
 ings stand one hundred feet above the elevation 
 of the Delaware River, in grounds containing 
 eleven acres, divided into shade, lawn and garden. 
 They are handsomely, as well as comfortably fur- 
 nished. All unnecessary restraint is removed, the 
 appearance of an asylum avoided, and a degree of 
 freedom is allowed which would be impossible 
 where large numbers are congregated. It is wholly 
 a private establishment and has no board of direc- 
 tors or trustees. There are separate buildings for 
 the sexes, which gives the patients very consider- 
 able more freedom than could be extended if all 
 were in one building. Dr. S. Preston Jones was 
 the founder of the institution, and is still its pro- 
 prietor. 
 
 Stockton Rifle Range, when first established 
 by Samuel H. French, in 1866, contained forty- 
 three and one-half acres of ground in Wrightsville. 
 The range proper is provided with the best im- 
 proved batteries and firing grounds in the United 
 States. As originally built, it contained ranges up 
 to one thousand yards distance ; but as this was 
 seldom used, it was deemed advisable to reduce it 
 to six hundred yards. The New Jersey and Penn- 
 sylvania Rifle Clubs and teams, the Pennsylvania 
 National Guards and other national military com- 
 panies meet at this place, and the range is provided 
 with magazines and closets for the exclusive use 
 of the different State organizations. 
 
 Stockton Park.— Suon after the rifle range 
 was started an additional forty-six and one-half 
 acres of ground was laid out in connection with 
 the grounds of the range, as a park and pleasure 
 resort, making the park ninety acres in extent. 
 The original buildings were altered and a large 
 pavilion, fifty by one hundred feet in dimensions, 
 erected, a hall for roller-skating, etc. In 1885 
 Emmor D. French, the superintendent, had con- 
 structed an artificial lake, covering twenty-one 
 acres of ground. This lake is only three feet in 
 depth, and is provided with pleasure boats, one 
 
THE TOWNSHIP OF STOCKTON. 
 
 761 
 
 being a large boat designed to carry fifty children 
 at one time. The park is the favorite resort of the 
 many cricket clubs, lawn-tennis parties and excur- 
 sionists of Camden and vicinity. 
 
 Pjensaukin is a small settlement on the Jor- 
 dantown road, adjoining the borough limits. It 
 was farm lands of the Cattells and William Pigeon, 
 and about eight years ago lots were offered for sale, 
 which were bought slowly by artisans, who have 
 built smali but comfortable and convenient resi- 
 dences. It is being substantially built up by actual 
 residents, and is a station on the railroad. 
 
 HoMESTEADViLt,E. — In July, 1852, two hundred 
 lots were laid out south of Merchantville (which at 
 that time was just begun) and on the Whiskey 
 road. It was a tract of land about six hundred 
 by fifteen hundred feet, having three streets run- 
 iiing lengthwise and three crosswise. The lots 
 were not sold readily, but eventually some of them 
 were purchased by colored people. The growth 
 of the place did not reach the expectations of its 
 founders. 
 
 SOEDENTOWN. — Not far from where Pensaukin 
 is situated, and on the road from the old " Spread 
 Eagle Tavern" to the Union School-house, 
 Thomas Clement, in 1850, laid out thirty-seven 
 lots, which were sold mostly to colored people, 
 and which are still held by them. 
 
 JORDANTOWN. — On the road from Merchant- 
 ville to Fork Landing, and on the old Rudderow 
 lands, several lots were laid out about 1840, and 
 in 1846, when that road was opened, it passed 
 through the place, where, there were four or five 
 houses and a Methodist Episcopal Church, occu- 
 pied by colored people. From that time the place 
 grew slowly, and is now quite a settlement, with a 
 school-house and neat Methodist Church. In 
 former times yearly " Bush Meetings," as they were 
 called, were held in some of the groves, which were 
 cleared of underbrush for the purpose. These occa- 
 sions called the old and young from far and near. 
 The Rev. Benjamin Stokeley and the Rev. Isaac 
 Hinson were among the early and prominent 
 ministers who had charge of the meetings and 
 congregation. 
 
 Delaie.— The new village of Delair is situated 
 about four miles from Camden, on the Delaware 
 River and Pennsylvania Railroad, in this town- 
 
 sbip- , , 
 
 Jacob L. Gross, a Lancaster lawyer, moved here 
 with his family in 1868, and soon thereafter pur- 
 chased ten acres from the Browning estate and 
 ten acres from Isaac Adams, upon which he built 
 three cottages, and his son. Dr. Onan B. Gross, 
 
 one. 
 
 92 
 
 The new town made no further progress, how- 
 ever, for the next few years, when Bartram L. 
 Bonsall, then publisher of The Camden Post, and 
 John Zimmerman, of Pensaukin, in December, 
 1885, purchased one hundred and eleven acres, 
 being the farm of Israel B. Adams, son of Isaac 
 Adams, of whom the ten acres had been purchased 
 by Jacob L. Gross seventeen years before. 
 
 Messrs. Zimmerman and Bonsall immediately 
 laid the land off into building lots, and during 
 the summer of 1886 sold a large number of them, 
 aggregating in value nearly twenty thousand 
 dollars. Several new houses were constructed 
 and the village bids fair to become a popular 
 suburban place of residence. The situation is 
 delightful, and the ground very high, overlooking 
 the river. The name Delair was given by the 
 late Colonel Isaac S. Buckelew, the two syllables 
 signifying Delaware air. During the fall of 1886 
 workmen cleared away brush, cut down trees, 
 graded avenues and terraced a high bluff along 
 the railroad. Three hundred Carolina poplar- 
 trees were planted, one every twenty-five feet, 
 over the entire tract, thus marking the avenues 
 and insuring a grateful shade in the future. 
 
 MANUFACTURING. 
 
 The manufactories of this township, with two 
 orthree possible exceptions — as the brick and terra- 
 cotta works at Pea Shore— may be regarded as a 
 portion of the industrial overflow of Camden, 
 being mostly near the city and all having offices 
 there. This is also true of those located farthest 
 away, as, for instance, Augustus Reeves' establish- 
 ment. 
 
 The Pea Shore Beick and Terra-Cotta 
 Works are located at Fish House Station, on the 
 Amboy Div. of the Pennsylvania R. R. The works, 
 with the clay-pits near by, occupy forty-five acres 
 fronting on the Delaware River, and prior to 1866 
 were used for the burning of red bricks only. Soon 
 thereafter the present proprietor, Augustus Reeve, 
 obtained entire control of the works, and in 1877 
 erected the fire-brick and terra-cotta department, 
 there being on the grounds a large deposit of fire- 
 brick and pipe-clay, and, so far as known, the only 
 deposit south of Woodbridge, Middlesex County, 
 N. J. There are two distinct departments at these 
 works— the redbrick manufactory and that for the 
 making of fire-brick and terra-cotta ware. The 
 first, with the kilns, sheds and machinery, cover 
 one and a half acres of ground and contains a 
 Chambers patent brick-machine, capable of pro- 
 ducing thirty thousand to thirty-five thousand 
 bricks daily, and is driven by an engine of sixty 
 
762 
 
 HISTORY OF CAMDEN COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. 
 
 horse-power. There are three large kilns capa- 
 ble of burning two hundred thousand bricks each. 
 The terra-cotta works are one hundred and thirty- 
 four by sixty feet, with an L extension forty by 
 forty-five feet, and the machinery of this de- 
 partment requires an engine of thirty horse-power. 
 It is fitted up with tempering-mill, stampers and 
 presses for the manufacture of fire-brick, pipe, tile 
 and terra-cotta ware of various kinds ; the products 
 are sold to the home market and shipped to many 
 States, and large quantities of the fire-brick clay 
 aresentto various fire-brick works in Philadelphia. 
 Sixty hands are employed. Branch siding of the 
 Amboy Division of the Pennsylvania Kailroad, 
 which runs through their grounds, together with 
 four hundred feet of wharfage on the river-frout, 
 affords them ample facilities for shipping by rail or 
 water in all directions. The ofiice and warehouse 
 is at No. 31 Market Street, Camden, where a large 
 supply of manufactured stock is stored. 
 
 The Fairview Brick- Works are located at 
 Pea Shore, on the river-front, three miles above 
 Camden, and cover an area of ten acres. They 
 were originated in 1869, by Stone, Hatch & Co. In 
 1871 Hugh Hatch and Joseph Hatch, brothers, 
 bought the entire grounds and buildings, and they 
 have since conducted the business under the firm- 
 name of Hatch & Brother. There are four large 
 buildings upon the grounds, in which are the differ- 
 ent departments for the manufacture of hard, 
 strecher, paving and salmon brick. The mill proper 
 is fitted up with a Chambers & Brothers brick- 
 machine, which has a capacity for making thirty- 
 five thousand to fifty thousand bricks a day. The 
 average speed and production is seventy bricks a 
 minute. The clay is dumped by the car-load into 
 the reservoir of the machine, which mixes and 
 tempers it before it enters the dies. Prom the dies 
 the bricks pass on an endless belt to the drying- 
 rooms in the main building,which is built of brick, 
 sixty by three hundred feet in size and twenty- 
 seven feet high, with an annex one hundred and ten 
 by one hundred and fifteen feet, and of the same 
 height. There are four arched kilns inclosed in the 
 structure, having a capacity of three hundred and 
 fifty thousand bricks each. The drying-rooms are on 
 the second floor, above the kilns, and are capable 
 of drying five hundred thousand bricks at one time. 
 Between April 10, 1885, and April 10, 1886, there 
 were made at the works seven million bricks 
 with one machine. In 1882 patents were grant- 
 ed the proprietors for the improved kilns of 
 their own design and invention. On November 
 23, 1883, the works were destroyed by fire, but were 
 rebuilt in 1884, and greatly increased in size. The 
 
 machinery requires a sixty horse-power engine, 
 supplied by four large boilers. The works be- 
 ing inclosed, the business is conducted through- 
 out the entire year. Sixty hands are constantly 
 employed. The firm has a large trade and excel- 
 lent facilities for shipping by vessels from their 
 own wharf on the river- front, and on the Pennsyl- 
 vania Railroad. The main office of these works 
 is at No. 17 ICaighn Avenue. 
 
 The Overbrook Mills, corner of Seventeenth 
 and Stevens Streets, Camden, covering an area of 
 three acres, were commenced in 1879 by Richard 
 Williamson & Co., for the manufacture of worsted 
 coatings, linings and dress goods. Four large 
 brick buildings are used by this company for dif- 
 ferent branches of the goods made. In the mill 
 proper, new and improved machinery is used for 
 combing, drawing and spinning the raw material, 
 and the weaving-sheds are specially constructed 
 with top and north light. There is also a large 
 wash and dry-house, a warehouse for storage of 
 wool and a brick engine-house. On August 20, 
 1885, the mills were totally destroyed by fire at a 
 loss of sixty-two thousand dollars, partly covered 
 by insurance, but within six months they were 
 rebuilt and in complete running order. New and 
 automatic machinery was introduced for the 
 manipulation of the finest grades of mohair and 
 alpaca yarns, which are used for making braids, 
 " seal-skins " and all kinds of fancy goods which 
 require lustrous yarns. The machinery of the dif- 
 ferent departments is operated by two sixty horse- 
 power engines, with three large tubular boilers. 
 Two hundred and twenty hands are employed. 
 The products of the mills are sold throughout the 
 entire United States, and the company are im- 
 porters as well as merchants and manufacturers. 
 The store and main office is at No. 20 Strawberry 
 Street, Philadelphia. 
 
 J. L. Cragin & Co., soap manufacturers, began 
 business at the corner of Seventeenth and Federal 
 Streets in 1879. The firm had for many years 
 conducted the same business in Philadelphia. 
 They make exclusively "Dobbins' Electric Soap" 
 and "Bradford's Fig Soap" for woolen and worsted 
 manufacturers. The grounds occupied are two 
 hundred by three hundred feet. The main build- 
 ing is L-shaped, three stories in height, with 
 basement. It extends one hundred and twenty 
 feet on Federal Street, and one hundred and 
 seventy feet on Seventeenth Street. There are 
 also stables and sheds connected with the estab- 
 lishment. The motor is an engine of thirty horse- 
 power, with two flue boilers rated at thirty horse- 
 power each. The company has a paid-in capital 
 
(AJxx)t^- <^J . Co i»g^^^fc::^(^ 
 
THE TOWNSHIP OF STOCKTON. 
 
 763 
 
 of five hundred thousand dollars. One hundred 
 hands are employed. The trade is large and ex- 
 tends throughout the United States, Canada, Ger- 
 many and Cuba, with branch offices in Philadel- 
 phia, Boston, New York, Chicago, Cleveland and 
 Cincinnati. 
 
 The United States Chemical Company, 
 manufacturers of chemicals and fertilizers, was in- 
 corporated in 1875, with William J. Jordan, presi- 
 dent ; George T. Lewis, vice-president ; and E. E. 
 Jenks, secretary and treasurer. The company owns 
 an area of thirteen acres, on which are located 
 twelve buildings, which are supplied with the 
 necessary machinery and appliances for the manu- 
 facture of their special products. Three large 
 engines, equivalent to two thousand seven hundred 
 horse-power, are required to run the large machin- 
 ery for crushing and preparing the phosphates 
 and fertilizers. From seventy to eighty men are 
 constantly employed. An extensive business is 
 done, and ample facilities are afforded for shipping 
 by vessels on Coopers Creek, or over the Camden 
 and Amboy Railroad, which is extended along the 
 grout Js of the works. 
 
 The Atlantic Dye and Finishing Woeks 
 were erected in 1882, and the same year began 
 operation at the corner of Sixteenth and Stevens 
 Streets. Captain Somers founded this industry, but 
 conducted it only for a short time. In 1883 Comly 
 J. Mather leased the works, and has since done a 
 prosperous business. The dye-house and tinishing- 
 mill occupy an area of one hundred and thirty 
 by eighty feet, with front on Stevens Street, and 
 are furnished with the necessary apparatus for 
 dyeing and finishing cotton and woolen goods ; 
 eight small engines are used for running the 
 special machines, and the general machinery is 
 driven by an engine of twenty-five horse-power. 
 The nine engines combined have sixty horse- 
 power. Thirty workmen are constantly employed. 
 The works prepare a large amount of finished 
 material for New Jersey, Pennsylvania and adja- 
 cent States. 
 
 The Philadelphia Dye- Works and Bleach- 
 ERY, on Jefierson Street, above Broadway, covering 
 an entire square, were established in 1883 by 
 Robert H. Comey, who had started a similar in- 
 dustry in Philadelphia in 1882. There are seven 
 bleaching-houses, one dry-house, one dye-house, 
 and one stable located upon the grounds. A 
 successful trade has been established, which 
 extends through the Middle and the Western 
 States. 
 
 A Varnish Manufactory, for the production 
 of the fine grades of carriage and car varnishes. 
 
 drying japans, etc., was erected by C. Schrack & 
 Co., on the Moorestown pike, near Coopers Creek, 
 during the year 1869. 
 
 biographical. 
 
 Ex-United States Senator Alexander G. Oattell, 
 who has his home in this township, is a son of 
 Thomas W. Cattell, and was born at Salem, N. J. 
 February 12, 1816, where he obtained his educa- 
 tion. On arriving at manhood he engaged in 
 mercantile pursuits, which he followed in his 
 native town until 1846. He was elected to the 
 New Jersey Legislature in 1840, when but twenty- 
 four years of age, and was clerk of the House in 
 1842-43. In 1844 he was a member of the conven- 
 tion to revise the State Constitution, and the 
 youngest member of that body. 
 
 In 1846 he went to Philadelphia and has been 
 engaged in ruercantile pursuits and banking in 
 that city ever since, although he removed his resi- 
 dence to Merchantville, N. J., in 1863. He was 
 a member of both branches of councils, one of the 
 early presidents of the Corn Exchange Association, 
 and in 1857 organized the Corn Exchange Bank, 
 of which he was for thirteen years president. He 
 was elected United States Senator from New Jer- 
 sey, in 1866, to succeed Hon. J, P. Stockton, and 
 on account of ill health declined a second term. 
 He served in the Senate on the Finance Com- 
 mittee and was chairman of the Library Commit- 
 tee. He was appointed by President Grant as a 
 Commissioner of the District of Columbia, but de- 
 clined the office. Later his services were brought 
 into requisition on the first board of Civil Service 
 Commissioners, of which George William Curtis 
 was chairman, and at the end of two years resign- 
 ed to accept the position of Financial agent of the 
 United States in London, to conduct the refunding 
 of the six per cent bonds at a lower rate of inter- 
 est. He spent one year in London in this work 
 and succeeded in refunding $100,000,000 at five per 
 cent. General Grant regarded him as one of his 
 wisest advisers and best friends. At this time Mr. 
 Cattell is a hale and active man of affairs, engaged 
 in a number of business enterprises confined chiefly 
 to New Jersey. He has just been chosen president 
 of the New Jersey Trust and Safe Deposit Company, 
 of Camden, the first institution of the kind formed 
 in his native State. One of Mr. Cattell's marked 
 peculiarities is his power of attracting and holding 
 the friendship and confidence of men in all stations 
 of life in which he has been placed — a quality 
 which is due in part to the unswerving honesty 
 and fidelity of his nature and conduct in all the 
 relations of life, and in part to that rare possession 
 called personal magnetism. 
 
INDEX 
 
 A- 
 
 Acbufl, J. N.,282, 
 
 Ackley, Henry, 279. 
 
 Adoption of the first State Constitution, 44, 
 
 Agriculture in Camden County, 385. 
 
 Albertaon, Chalkley, 673. 
 
 Alberteon Family, the, 648. 
 
 Albertson, S. C, 616. 
 
 Alrashouse, 184. 
 
 Ancora, 696. 
 
 Andrews, J. R., 301. 
 
 Andrews, P. W., 302, 
 
 Anthony, H. B., 634. 
 
 Argus, the Atco, 330, 
 
 Armstrong, E. A., 23X 
 
 Armstrong, James A., 282. 
 
 Associate Judges of Supreme Court, 201. 
 
 Associations; Building and Loan of Cam- 
 den, 549; Old Military of Camden, 
 553 ; of Gloucester City, 601. 
 
 Aspdian, Mathias, 610, 
 
 Atco, 665. 
 
 Atkinson, Thomas B., 432. 
 
 Atlantic Dj-e and Finishing Works, 763. 
 
 Attorneye, dates of admission to bar, 205 ; 
 biographies of, 216. 
 
 Authors and scientists, 330. 
 
 Autographs of early settlers, 424. 
 
 Ay era, James W., 433. 
 
 B. 
 
 Baird, David, 518. 
 
 Banes, S. T., 297. 
 
 Banks and Banking, 454 ; Fi^ bank, they 
 454 ; State and National, laws govern- 
 ing, 454 ; National State. 455 ; Farmers' 
 and Mechanics*, 461 ; First National, 
 462; Camden Safe Dep. Co.,465 ; Cani- 
 den National, 466. 
 
 Bar Association, Camden Co., 236. 
 
 Barrows, George, 270. 
 
 Bartine, D. Bedding, 295'. 
 
 Bates, William, 643, 728. 
 
 Batesville, 730. 
 
 Beale, P, W., 295. 
 
 Beatty, Irvine C, 526. 
 
 Beldon, S. W., 235. 
 
 Bench and Bar, 196. 
 
 Benjamin, Bowling, 292. 
 
 Bell, EzraC, 393. 
 
 764 
 
 Bennett, ToIneyG., 516. 
 
 Bergen, Christopher A., 228. 
 
 Bergen, Martin V., 227. 
 
 Bergen, Samuel D., 232, 
 
 Berkeley, Lord, 21-23. 
 
 Berlin, 660. 
 
 Birdsell, Sylvester, 278, 
 
 Bishop, W. S., 280. 
 
 Black, Alfred L., Jr., 234. 
 
 Blackwood, 682, 
 
 Blackwood, B. W., 267. 
 
 Blackwood, John, 240. 
 
 Blackwood, Thomas K., 303. 
 
 Blackwood, W. P., 236. 
 
 Blackwell, Robert, 331. 
 
 Blake, D, W., 292. 
 
 Bloomfield, Samuel, 241. 
 
 Blue Anchor, 696. 
 
 Bonsall, Henry L., 326-338. 
 
 Bonwill, H. G., 297. 
 
 Borton, Joshta E-. 236. 
 
 Botany, 2. 
 
 Botanists, 338. 
 
 Brace, F. R., 308, 318. 
 
 Braddock, 696. 
 
 Braddock, Elwood, 632. 
 
 Bradshaw, Claudius W., 434. 
 
 Btaker.Benj., M, 579. 
 
 Branin, Henry E., 285. 
 
 Brown, David B., 192. . 
 
 Brown, David S., 590. 
 
 Browning, Abraham, 217. 
 
 Browning, A M., 158. 
 
 Browning, Maurice, 628. 
 
 Browning, K. M., 229. 
 
 Brownings, the, 750. 
 
 Brownetown, 680, 
 
 Bryant, J. K., 302. 
 
 Budd, Paul C, 432. 
 
 Buchanan, John, 241. 
 
 Buckwalter, Geoffrey, 338. 
 
 Builders, 647. 
 
 Building inspectors, 439. 
 
 Building and Loan Associations, .548, 649, 
 
 Burrough, Edward, 194. 
 
 Burrough, John, 721. 
 
 Cade, Captain John, 79. 
 Camden City ; 
 
 Early history of, 403; early and 
 
 present census, 404; early settle- 
 ment and transfers of land, 404, 
 416; Cooper, Eaighn and Mickle fara- 
 lie?, 408-18; Village of Camden, 419 ; 
 Coopers Kill, 419; Kaighn estate, 420 ; 
 Fettersville, 421; Stockton, 423; 
 Kaighnsville, 423 ; autographs of early 
 settlers, 424 ; Incorporation, 425 ; the 
 charter, 425 ; supplements to, 426 ; new 
 charter, 426 ; boundaries of, 427 ; 
 wards, 428 ; early ofBcers, 428 ; first 
 city hall, 428 ; new city hall, 429 ; 
 mayors, 430 ; City Councils, 434 ; tax 
 receivers, 436; recorders and presi- 
 dents of City Council, 436 ; assessors, 
 438 ; solicitors, 438 ; other officers, 
 439 ; water works, 439 ; fire compa- 
 nies and firemen, 440 ; hook-and-lad- 
 der, 441 ; fire-engine companies, 441, 
 442, 444; Camden in 1815, 444 ; early 
 •business interests, 444 ; Camden in 
 1824, 446 ; assessments, 447 ; interest- 
 ing facts and incidente, 448 ; banks 
 and banking, 454 ; churches, 467 ; 
 schools, 497 ; Newton Juvonile Debat- 
 ing Society, 505 ; Worthington Library 
 Co., 505 ; private schools, 506 ;, Orphan- 
 age, the West Jersey, 506 ; manufac- 
 turing interests, 507 ; lumber, 510 ; 
 oil-cloth manufacturers, 519 ; woolen 
 and worated mills, 523 ; post-office, 
 638 ; market-houses ; 538 ; insurance 
 companies, 644 ; gas-light company, 
 646 ; street railway, 546 ; telephone, 
 546; building and building associa- 
 tions, 547 ; cemeteries, 553 ; tornado, 
 664 ; cyclone, 656 ; hotels, 566 ; socie- 
 ties, f 58. 
 Camden County : 
 
 Court-houses, 183 ; almshonse, 184 ; 
 civil list, 186 ; boundaries of, 1 ; sur- 
 face of, 1 ; county buildings, 181 ; 
 streams of, 1 ; erection of, 179 ; bench 
 and bar, 196 ; courts of, 202 ; medical 
 history, 237 ; Camden City, 403 ; Had- 
 donfield, 608 ; Gloucester City, 582 ; 
 Haddon township, 636 ; Waterford 
 township, 666 ; Winslow township, 
 694 ; Gloucester township, 672 ; Dela- 
 ware township, 713 ; Stockton town- 
 ship, 739 ; Centre township, 704. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 765 
 
 Camden iDsurance companieB, 544. 
 Camaen and Philadelphia Race Course, 652. 
 Camden County Medical Society, 244. 
 Camden City Medical Society, 259. 
 Camden City Dispensaj-y, 261. 
 Camden Homoeopathic Hospital and Dispensary, 
 
 307. 
 Camden Democrat, 323. 
 Camden County Courier, 327. 
 Camden County Journal, 328. 
 Camden and Amboy Kailroad, 349. 
 Camden and Atlantic Bailroad, 353. 
 Camden and "Woodbury Railroad, 357. 
 Camden and Burlington County Bailroad, 357. 
 Camden and Haddonfield Bailroad, 358. 
 Camden, Gloucester and Mount Ephraim Bail- 
 road, 358. 
 Camden County Pomona Grange, 393. 
 Campbell, George, 556. 
 Campbell, John, Jr., 557. 
 Carles, Samuel, 301. 
 Carman, 'WiUiam, 511. 
 Carpenter, Thomas P., 206. 
 Carpenter, James H.,230. 
 Carriage manufacturers : Cafirey's works, 
 532 ; Collings' works, 532 ; Hunt's 
 works, 533 ; Dayis' wagon works, 533 ; 
 ■West's works, 533; Butler's works, 
 533. 
 Carrow, Howard, 235. 
 Carteret, George, Sr., 21, 22. 
 Carteret, Philip, 23. 
 Casperson, Bobert, 299. 
 Casselman, W. S., 233. 
 Cathcart, John, 675. 
 Cattell, A. G., 763. 
 Cedar Brook, 696. 
 
 Cemeteries of Camden, 553 ; of Gloucester 
 City, 601 ; of Waterford township, 664 ; 
 of "Winslow township, 703. 
 Cemeteries of Delaware township, 736. 
 Census of Camden County,191. 
 Centre Township ; Topography, 704 ; early 
 settlers, 704 j civil organization and 
 officers of, 707 ; Tillage of Snow Hill, 
 708; societies, 708; schools, 708; 
 churches, 708-710 ; Ladies' Aid So- 
 ciety, 710 ; Guinea Town, 710 ; inci- 
 dents of the EeTolution, 710 ; Mount 
 Ephraim, 710 ; church, 711 ; Cem- 
 etery, 711 ; biographical, 712. 
 Champion, T., 610. 
 Chapman, Thomas, 216. 
 Champion, John, 720. 
 Chew, Ezeklel C, 272. 
 Chews Landing, 682. 
 Chew, Lieut. -Col. Henry F., 144. 
 Chew, Sinnickson, 322. 
 Chesilhurst, 667. 
 Chief justices of Colonial Supreme Court of 
 
 New Jersey, 200. 
 Chief Justices of New Jersey during and 
 
 after KeTolution, 201. 
 Cholera, first appearance in Camden, 256. 
 Churches of Gloucester City, 696-97 ; of 
 Haddonfleld, 619, 630; of Haddon 
 township, 660; of Waterford township, 
 669, 662, 666 669, ; of Gloucester town- 
 ship, 685 ; of Winslow township, 700 ; 
 of Centre township, 709, 711. 
 Friends' Newton Meeting, 467. 
 Methodist of Camden; Third Street, 
 
 467; TJhion, 469; Broadv^ay, 470; 
 Tabernacle, 471 ; Fillmore Street, 472 ; 
 Centenary, 472; Eighth Street, 472; 
 Kaighn Avenuf^, 473 ; Bethany, 474 ; 
 Scott, 474 ; Macedonia, 474 ; Zion Wes- 
 ley, 475 ; Union American, 475 ; Beth- 
 el, 476 ; Memorial, 476. 
 Baptist of Camden : First, 476 ; Second, 
 478 ; Third, 478 ; North, 479 ; Broad- 
 way, 481 ; Tabernacle, 481 ; Trinity, 
 482 ; Seventh, 482 ; Linden, 483. 
 Episcopalian of Camden : St. Paul's, 483 ; 
 St. John's, 485 ; Church of our Sa- 
 Tjour, 486. 
 Presbyterian, of Camden ; the first, 487 ; 
 the second, 488, 490 ; Presbyterian 
 mission, 492. 
 Evangelical Lutheran, of Camden : Trin- 
 ity German, 492 ; Epiphany, 492. 
 United Brethren, of Camden : Emanuel, 
 
 493 ; Bethel, 493. 
 Evangelical Association, North A. M., of 
 
 Camden : Zion, 494. 
 Roman Catholic, of Camden : Church 
 Immaculate Conception, 495 ; St. Pe- 
 ter's and St. Paul's German, 497. 
 
 Churches of Delaware township, 730 ; 
 Stockton township, 761, 757, 760. 
 
 City Hall, 428-429. 
 
 City Council of Camden, 434. 
 
 Clarke, Charles F., 281. 
 
 Clement, Evan, 240. 
 
 Clement, John, 212, 332, 610. 
 
 Clement, John, Sr., 213. . 
 
 Clement, Samuel, 610. 
 
 Clementon, 679. 
 
 Coates, Reynell, 274, 333. 
 
 Coffin, Maj. Edward W., 158. 
 
 Coffin, William, Jr., 698. 
 
 Coflln, William, Sr., 699. 
 
 Coles, Charles B., 515. 
 
 Coles, Captain Frank H., 88. 
 
 Coley, Benjamin D., 121. 
 
 Coley, Samuel, 640. 
 
 Oolestown, 730- 
 
 Collings, Edward Z., 394. 
 
 Collins, Beiyamin, 610. 
 
 Collins, Francis, 640, 645, 720. 
 
 Collingswood, 653. 
 
 Colonial history, 17. 
 
 Comley, Ezra, 297. 
 
 Congress, First provincial, of N. J., 42. 
 
 Congress, Second Provincial, of N. J., 3. 
 
 Congress, Third, of delegates, 44. 
 
 Congress, attempt to steal records of, 61. 
 
 Conrow, George N., 229. 
 
 Cooper, John, 466. 
 
 Cooper, 0. J., 303. 
 
 Cooper, James B., 60. 
 
 Cooper genealogical table, 406. 
 
 Cooper, William D., 218. 
 
 Coopers Hill, 419. 
 
 Cooper, 8. C, 227. 
 
 Cooper, H. M., 229. 
 
 Cooper, Eichard Matlack, 457. 
 
 Cooper Hospital} 264. 
 
 Cooper, William, 404. 
 
 Cooper, Dr. Richard M., 271. 
 
 Cooper family, 404, 414,. 719. 
 
 Cooper, Joseph W., 459. 
 
 Cooper, Benjamin B., 738. 
 
 Cooper, B. W., 743. 
 
 Cooper, William B., 743. 
 Cooper, Benjamin, 744. 
 Cope, Edward D., 333. 
 Cornwallis, Lord, 46, 55., 
 Court-houses, 183. 
 Courts of Camden County, 202. 
 Councilmen, list of, 434. 
 Cowperthwaite, John K., 216, 431. 
 Cox, Charles, 433. 
 Cragin & Co., 761. 
 Cramer, Alfred, 768. 
 Cramer Hill, 756. 
 Crandall, John J., 234. 
 Creighton, H., 610. 
 Croft, Howland, 524. 
 Croxal, Morris, 216. 
 Cullen, Thomas F., 277. 
 Curley, Thomas P., 235. 
 Cuthbert, J. Ogden, 64. 
 Cyclone, the, 555. 
 
 Davis, Thos. H., 136. 
 
 Davis, W. A., 292. 
 
 Davis, Henry H., 293. 
 
 Davis, N., 298. 
 
 Davis, Samuel C, 727. 
 
 Davis, Thos. W., 460. 
 
 Davistown, 680. 
 
 Day, Humphrey, 749. 
 
 Dayton, James B., 220. 
 
 Dayton, Wm. C, 231. 
 
 Delaware Township : Civil history of, 713 ; 
 first officers of, 713 ; affairs in, during 
 War of Rebellion, 714, 715 ; officers of, 
 1844 to 1886, 716; characteristics 
 of, 716 ; mechanical industries 
 in, 717 ; early settlement, 717, 728; 
 Indians, 719, 727 ; incidents of the 
 Eevolution, 723 ; straightening the 
 roads, 7;.'8 ; old houses, 728 ; names of 
 prominent farms, 728 ; EUisburg, 728 ; 
 Batesville, 730 ; St. Mary's Church, 
 730-736 ; Colestown Cemetry, 735 ; 
 biographical sketches, 737, 738. 
 
 Dean, Richard C, 284. 
 
 Delair, 761. 
 
 Dentistry, 307. 
 
 Depuy, Watson, 464. 
 
 De Vries, David P., 18. 
 
 Dialogue's Ship-Yards, '83. 
 
 Dialogue, John H., 384. 
 
 Diseases and their remedies, 252. 
 
 Dobson, A. T., Jr., 296. 
 
 Donop, Col., 49, 50, 61. 
 
 Donges, John W., 293. 
 
 Drake, Herbert A., 230. 
 
 Dudley, 759. 
 
 Dudley, Thos. H., 220? 
 
 Dudley, Edw., 231. 
 
 Du Bois, W. G., 304. 
 
 E. 
 
 Early Settlements, Dutch, Swedes and Eng- 
 lish, 18. 
 Early business interests of Camden, 444. 
 Education, 308. 
 Elkinton, John A., 244. 
 Ellis, Charles, 611. 
 Ellis family, 723. 
 Bllisburg, 728. 
 Elm, 697. .... 
 
766 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Estaugh Family, 646. 
 BvanE, EUwood, 736. 
 Evans, Joshua, 648. 
 Evans, Nathaniel, 330. 
 Evelyn, Master, 330. 
 Evening Telegram, 327. 
 
 F. 
 
 Fairview Brick-Workg, 762. 
 
 Ferries on the Delaware, 362 ; Coopers 
 Point Ferry, 366; Federal Street Ferry, 
 367 ; Camden and Philadelphia Steam- 
 boat Ferry Co., 368; Cooper Street 
 Ferry, 372 ; Kaighns Point Ferry, 372 ; 
 the West Jersey Ferry, 374 ; Market 
 Street Ferry, 374 ; Gloucester Ferries, 
 376 ; creek ferries and bridges, 378 ; 
 navigation of Coopers Creek, 380. 
 
 Fettei-sville, 421. 
 
 Fetters, Bichard, 422. 
 
 Fewsmith, Wm., 325. 
 
 Fisler, Lorenzo F., 270, 332, 430. 
 
 Fire companies and firemen, 440. 
 
 First steamboat, 360. 
 
 Fisheries, 605. 
 
 Fitch, Johu, 360, 
 
 Fitzsimmons, P. J., 497. 
 
 Fitzgerald, Wilson, 579. 
 
 Fish family, 749. 
 
 Flanders, Alfred, 230. 
 
 Fort Mercer, 60. 
 
 Fort Mifflin, 48. 
 
 Fort, Geo. F., 229, 338. 
 
 Fort, John H,, 230. 
 
 Fowler, W. P., 236. 
 
 Fortiner, Geo. E,, 306. 
 
 Fowler, Philip H., 693. 
 
 Francine, L. B., 155. 
 
 Frazee, Andrew B., 371. 
 
 Fredericks, Henry, 513. 
 
 French, Thos. B., 232. 
 
 French, Ohas., 728. 
 
 Friends,' the : Their emigration to Amer- 
 ica, 26 ;■ in West Jersey, 24 ; Barclay's 
 Apology, 29 ; of Haddonfleld, 619. 
 
 G. 
 
 Gardiner, T. W., 306. 
 
 GaiTison, Charles G., 233. 
 
 Garrison, Joseph F., 336. 
 
 Gas-Ligbt Co., 546. 
 
 Catling Gun, Co. B., 179. 
 
 Gatzmer, W. H., 370. 
 
 Gaul, Samuel M., 433. 
 
 Gibbsboro', 667. 
 
 Gibbsboro' White Lead and Color Works, 
 668. 
 
 Gilbert, Geo. W., 227. 
 
 Gill, John, 468, 646. 
 
 Gills, the, 724. 
 
 Gilmore, Alexander, 316. 
 
 Gilmour, L. D. H., 236. 
 
 Glass works of Jackson, 666. 
 
 Glendale, 657. 
 
 Gloucester County : Erection of county, 
 584 ; early history of, 30 ; early records, 
 32 ; punishment of criminals, 33 
 county seat of, 33 ; early buildings, 33, 
 
 Gloucester City, 682 ; topography, 582 
 early history. Fort Nassau, 582 ; erec 
 
 tion of Gloucester County, 584 ; county- 
 seat, 584 ; county courts and public 
 buildings, 587 ; city government, 688 , 
 city hall, 588 ; mayors and officers, 
 689 ; Fire Department, 689 ; water sup- 
 ply, manufactures of, 692 ; Land Com- 
 pany, 592 ; gingham-raills, 593 ; print 
 works of, 594 ;. Ancona Printing Com- 
 pany, 694 ; Gloucester Iron Works, 
 694 ; terra-cotta works, 595 ; machine 
 works, 696 ; lumber-yard, 695 ; Gas 
 Company, 596 ; religious history, 596 ; 
 churches, 596 ; schools, 600. ; societies, 
 601 ; building associations, 601 ; as a 
 pleasure resort, 604 ; hunting club, 
 606 ; fisheries of, 605. 
 
 Gloucester township, 672 ; topography, 
 672 ; early settlers, 672 ; organization 
 and ofBcers, 676 ; autographs of early 
 settlers, 677 ; villages of, 678 ; Kirk- 
 wood, 678 ; Lindenwold, 678 ; Clemen- 
 ton, 679; manufacturing interests of, 
 678 ; Watsontown, 680 ; Brownstown, 
 680 ; Davistown, 680 ; Spring Mills, 
 680 ; lost town of Upton, 681 ; an inci- 
 dent of the Bevolution, 682 ; early 
 settlers of, 683 ; industrial, 684 ; hotels, 
 stage lines and stores, 684 ; Merchanics- 
 ville, 685 ; churches, 686 ; societies, 
 692 ; education, 693. 
 
 Glover, John, 706. 
 
 Glover, L. L., 298. 
 
 Godfrey, Edmund L. B., 290. 
 
 Goldsmith, Geo., 644. 
 
 Gough, E. E., 244. 
 
 Governors of New Jersey, 24. 
 
 Graham, F. B., 279. 
 
 Grand Array of Republic, 170 ; Lee Post, 
 No. 5, 170 ; Hatch Post, No. 37, 172 ; 
 Loyal Ladies' League, 176 ; Robinson 
 tost. No. 61, 176 ; John William Post, 
 No. 71, 176 ; Yan Leer Post, No. 36, 
 176 ; Davis Post, No. 63, 177 j Sons of 
 Veterans, 177. 
 
 Gray, Alexander, 231. 
 
 Graveyards, old, 395. 
 
 Graysbury Bros., 644. 
 
 Graw, J. B., 328. 
 
 Grey, Philip James, 320. 
 
 Grey, Samuel H., 226, 320. 
 
 Griffith, Anna B., 304. 
 
 Grigg, Jacob, 277. 
 
 Griscom, William, 611. 
 
 Gross, 0. B.,290. 
 
 Gross, Jacob L., 761. 
 
 Gunter, Guilford, 299. 
 
 Guinea Town, 710. 
 
 H. 
 
 Haddon Family, 646. 
 
 Haddon, John, 646. 
 
 Haddonfield Borough : Early history, 608 ; 
 early settlers, 610 ; Incidents of Revo- 
 lution, 611 ; autographsof early settlers, 
 612 ; old taverns, 618 ; post-oflices, 619 ; 
 incorporation, 619 ; Library Company, 
 619 ; churches, 619-630 ; schools, 630 ; 
 business interests, 631 ; societies, 633. 
 
 Haddon township, 636 ; Old Newton town- 
 ship, 636 ; its records, 637 ; colony set- 
 tlement, 638 ; early settlers, 640 ; auto- 
 graphs of early settlers, 649 ; Newton 
 
 Friends' Meeting, 660 ; schools, |651 ; 
 the Camden and Philadelphia Race- 
 course, 652 ; Collingswood, 653 ; West- 
 mont, 6.53 ; biographical, 664. 
 
 Haines, Joseph M., 712. 
 
 Hainses, the, 724. 
 
 Hamilton, Morris R., 219. 
 
 Hammell, B. A., 431. 
 
 Haney, Jno. E., 288. 
 
 Hannah, Gilbert, 225. 
 
 Hansen, Wm. C, 169. 
 
 Harris, Jno., 234. 
 
 Harned, Jno. F., 235. 
 
 Earned, Thos. B., 231. 
 
 Harris, Samuel, 243. 
 
 Hartley, Benj., 611. 
 
 Hatch, Wm. B., 93, 174. 
 
 Hatton, Louis, 296. 
 
 Hay, Andrew K., 703. 
 
 Hayes, James E., 230. 
 
 Heath, Andrew, 3o2. 
 
 Heath, E. F. S., 193. 
 
 Hendry, Bowman, 241. 
 
 Hendry, Bowman, Jr., 276. 
 
 Hendry, Chaa. D., 267. 
 
 Hendry, Thos., 239. 
 
 Henry, Geo. W., 299. 
 
 Heritage family, 724. 
 
 Heulings, Israel W., 459. 
 
 Hewitt, Jno. K. R., 232. 
 
 Highways, surveyors of, 439. 
 
 Hildreth, Pennington P., 236. 
 
 Hillman Family, 706, 676. 
 
 Hillman, Samuel S., 633. 
 
 Hinchman Family, 706. 
 
 Hinchmans, the, 648. 
 
 Hineline, Chas. D., 431. 
 
 Hoell, Conrad G., 294. 
 
 Hoffman, W. S., 233. 
 
 Hogate, F. F., 234. 
 
 Holmes, Dr. Wm., 279. 
 
 Home for Friendless Children, 578. 
 
 Homesteadville, 761. 
 
 Homoeopathy, 300. 
 
 Hook-and-Ladder Companies(se6 Fire Com- 
 panies). 
 
 Homer, Asa P., 216. 
 
 Homers, the, 749. 
 
 Horsfall, Chae. K., 140. 
 
 Hotels, 656. 
 
 Hough, Daniel, 222. 
 
 Hover, Francis, 244. 
 
 Howard, E, M., 304. 
 
 Howe, General, 48, 49, 65. 
 
 Howell, Joshua B., 164. 
 
 Howell, Mordecai, 718. 
 
 Howell, Bichard W., 217, 431 
 
 Howell, Thomas, 640, 718. 
 
 Hufty, Sam., 126. 
 
 Hugg, Alfred, 222. 
 
 Hugg Family, 705. 
 
 Hugg, I. N., 297. 
 
 Hunt, H. F., 302. 
 
 Hunt, Willis H., 304. 
 
 Hurfr, Jos. E.,296. 
 
 Hutchinson, E. 0., 236. 
 
 Hylton, J. Dunbar, 338, 747. 
 
 I. 
 
 Indian trails and early roads, 340. 
 Indians, the, 2 ; population, 5 ; tradition 
 aa to origin, 6; Leuni Lenape, or 
 
INDEX. 
 
 767 
 
 Delawares, 7 ; religious belief,. 8 ; char- 
 acteristicB, 8, 9, 10 ; later history of 
 Delawares, 14 ; last in New Jersey, 14 ; 
 compulsory migration, 14 ; Wampum, 
 15 ; autogi-apbs, 16. 
 
 nternal improTemente, 340. 
 
 reland, Wilson H., 289. 
 
 rwin, Samuel B., 292. 
 
 szard, Wm. H., 292. 
 
 rack6on Glass- Works, 665. 
 feffers, WilUamN., 216. 
 Fenkins, Eichard S., 224. 
 Fenkina, Wilson H., 230. 
 Fennings, N. B., 279. 
 lessup, John I., 278. 
 Joline, Charles Van D. 23 
 Joline, John F., 231. 
 rones, Franks., 437. 
 Tones, Geo. H., 297. 
 Jones, Jno. H., 433. 
 Jones, S. P., 234. 
 Jones, W. S., 298. 
 Jordan, Blchard, 331. 
 Jordantown, 761. 
 
 Kaighn, Chas. 431. 
 Eaighn, Elias, 430. 
 Kaighn Estate, 420. 
 Kaighn Family, 416. 
 Kaighnsville, 423. 
 Kay, John, 608. 
 Kays, the, 724. 
 KUferly, Frederick, 534. 
 Kinsey, Charles W., 222. 
 Kirkbride, Joel P., 671. 
 Kirkwood, 678. 
 Knight, Edward 0. , 641 . 
 
 Lafayette, General, 55. 
 
 Laning, Samuel, 430. 
 
 Law, the new, 314. 
 
 Lawrence, Captain James, 78. 
 
 Lawyers, 196, 216. 
 
 Lay judges, 204. 
 
 Leamiog, E. B., 234. , 
 
 Leckncr, J. D., 304. 
 
 Lee, Thomas M. K., Jr., 171. 
 
 Lindenwold, 678. 
 
 Lippincott, James S., 335. 
 
 Lippiucott, Joshua, 460. 
 
 Livermore, Jonas, 464. 
 
 Long, W. S., 299. 
 
 Lucas, John, 658. 
 
 Lumber interest, 510 ; Stockham 4 Co., 
 
 512 ; Scudder's steam . planing-mill, 
 
 513 ; Barrett cSc Co., 513 ; Hunger & 
 Bro,, 514 ; The Builders' Mill, 614 ; 
 Cole's planing-mill, 515 ; Central 
 lumber-yaxd, 516; Liberty Street 
 planing-mill, 517 ; Stanton & Bran- 
 ning, 617; C. W. Patterson & Co., 
 517 ; timber, spar and piling basin, 
 618 ; Colson & Mulford yard, 618 ; 
 Shivers & Moffett, 518; Monison's 
 yard, 516. 
 
 M. 
 Manufacturing and industries, 507 ; Cam-, 
 den Iron-Works, 507 ; Furbush & Son, 
 508 ; tool and tube-works, 508 ; 
 Coopers Point Iron-Works, 608 ; Pearl 
 Street Iron Foundry, 508 ; Camden 
 Machine-WorkB, 508 ; Machine Tool 
 Company, 509 ; Standard Machine- 
 Works, 509 ; Camden Architectural 
 Iron- Works, 509 ; American Nickel- 
 Works, 509 ; Esterbrook Steel Pen Com- 
 pany, 509 ; lumber interests, 510 ; oil- 
 cloth manufacturers, 519 ; woolen and 
 worsted-mills, 623 ; miscellaneous, 527; 
 Wood Manufacturing Company, 527; 
 Aroma Dye-Works, 527 ; Camden Dye- 
 wood, Extract and Chemical-Works, 
 528 ; New Jersey Chemical- Works, 
 528; Camden City Dye-Works, 628; 
 American Bleach and Dye-Works, 628 ; 
 printing ink manufacturing, 529 ; 
 Camden Brass- Works, 529 ; West Jer- 
 sey Paper Manufacturing Company, 
 529; Pfeil and Golz Company, 629; 
 Standard Soap and Chemical Company, 
 630; Crystal Glass Manufacturing 
 Company, 530 ; Porcelain Tooth Man- 
 ufacturing Company, 630 ; hat-factory, 
 530 ; book-bindery, 530 ; Baymore's 
 Mast and Spar-Tards, 530 ; Penn Street 
 Spar-Yard, 631 ; boat-shops, 531 ; Penn 
 Mantel-Works, 631 ; marble-works, 
 531 ; granite and sandstone-works, 
 532 ; carriage manufacturers, 532 (see 
 Carriages) ; Kifferly's Morocco- Works, 
 633 ; shoe manufacturers, 534 (see 
 Shoes) ; Anderson Preserving Com- 
 pany, 536 ; Campbell Preserving Com- 
 pany, 636 ; Camden Wall-Paper Com- 
 pany, 637 ; Franklin Bag Carpet Com- 
 pany, 637 ; American Dredging Com- 
 pany, 637 ; Gas-Light Company, 545 
 Priest & Son , riggers and house movei-s, 
 679 ; Middleton Pump Manufactory, 
 579. 
 Marcy, Alexander, 286. 
 Markets, 540. 
 Marshals of Camden, 439. 
 Martindale, Isaac C, 337. 
 Matlack, Eobert K., 217. 
 Matlack, Timothy, 609. 
 Matlacks, the, 725. 
 Mayors of Camden, 430. 
 McAlliston, N. .(^lex., 300. 
 McComb, Capt. .Tames, 136. 
 McCullough, Joseph W., 281. 
 McKelway, A. J., 279. 
 Mead, William T., 648. 
 Mechanicsville, 686. 
 Mecray, A. M., 287. 
 Medical profession, the, 237. 
 Medical Society of Camden County, 244. 
 Members of Camden County Medical Socie- 
 ty, 260. 
 Merchantville, 759. 
 Methodist Herald, 329. 
 Michellon, Frank F., 436. 
 Micklo, Captain Isaac W., 222. 
 Mickle Family, 418. 
 Mickle, Isaac, 221, 332. 
 Microscopical Society, 339. 
 Middleton, F. P., 680. 
 
 Middleton, M. F., 302. 
 
 Middleton, Timothy, 432. 
 
 Middleton, T. J., 232. 
 
 Miller, J. S., 233. 
 
 Miller, Lindley H., 224. 
 
 Miller, Bichard T., 229. 
 
 Morgan family, 746. 
 
 Morgan, John, 433. 
 
 Morgan, Joseph W., 232. 
 
 Morgan, Bandal E., 185. 
 
 Morgan, Eandal W., 281. 
 
 Mount Ephraim, 710. 
 
 Mud Island, 52. 
 
 Mulford, Isaac S., 266, 332. 
 
 Mulford, I. B., 282. 
 
 Mulford, Thomas W., 219. 
 
 Mulford, W. C, 274. 
 
 Municipal history of Camden, 426. 
 
 N. 
 
 Navigators, the first in New Jersey, 17. 
 
 Navigation and shipbuilding, 360. 
 
 Navigation of the Delaware, 360. 
 
 New Jersey : Established, 21 ; boundary 
 between East and West New Jersey, 
 23 ; as the seat of war, 45. 
 
 New Jersey Coast Pilot, 329. • 
 
 New Jersey Temperance Gazette, 328. 
 
 New Jersey Southern Bailroad, 358. 
 
 Newbio, Mark, 642. 
 
 Newby, Stephen, 643. 
 
 Newspapers : Bridgeton Argus, 319 ; 
 Washington Whig, 319 ; Gloucester 
 Farmer, 320; "Village Record, 320; 
 American Star and Rural Record, 320 ; 
 Camden Mail, 320 ; West Jerseyman, 
 320 ; Columbian Herald, 320 ; The 
 Union, 320 ; Camden Daily, 320 ; Re- 
 publican, 321 ; American Eagle, 321 ; 
 Phoenix, 321 ; Camden Journal, 321 ; 
 New Republic, 321 ; Daily Post, 322 ; 
 The Argus, 322 ; Jersey Blue, ,322 ; 
 Philadelphia Day, 322 ; West Jersey 
 Press, 322; The Constitution, 323; 
 National Standard, 323; Camden Demo- 
 crat, 323 ; The Tribune, 326 ; The 
 Post, 325 ; Woodbury Liberal Press, 
 326 ; Camden County Courier, 327 ; 
 Evening Telegram, 327 ; New Jei-sey 
 Temperance Gazette, 328 ; Camden 
 County Journal, 328 ; New Jersey Coast 
 Pilot, 329 ; Methodist Herald, 329 ; 
 The Chesilhurst Tribune, 330 ; Weekly 
 Tribune, 329 ; South Jersey News, 
 329 ; Atco Argus, 330. 
 
 Newton Creek Meadow Co., The Little, 
 421. 
 
 Newton Juvenile Debating Society, 605. 
 Newton Village, 660. 
 Nicholson, Joseph, 744. 
 Norcross, 694. 
 
 O. 
 
 Oil-cloth manufacturers, 519 ; Powers & 
 Sons, 619 ; E. H. & B. C. Eeeve, 519 ; 
 Farr & Bailey, 522 ; Dunn, J. & Co., 
 522 ; Kaighns Point Oil Cloth Co., 623 ; 
 L. B. Randall, 523. 
 
 Olden, Gov. Charles S., 91. 
 
 Old grave-yards," 396. 
 
 Orphanage, the West Jersey, 606. 
 
 Osier Family, 751. 
 
 Overbrouk Mills, 762. 
 
768 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Pointer, Mrs. Hettie K., 93, 164. 
 
 Palm, H. F., 294. 
 
 Pancoast, David J., 211. 
 
 Pancoast, D. P., 289. 
 
 Parham, Wm., 270. 
 
 Parker, Charles F., 334. 
 
 Parker, Joel, 208. 
 
 Parsons, Stephen, 556, 
 
 Patterson, F. F.,;327. 
 
 Pavonia, 754. 
 
 PaTOnia Station, 756. 
 
 Peacock, R. H., 305. 
 
 Pea Shore Terra-Ootta Works, 761. 
 
 Pelouze, Oapt. 0. N., 88. 
 
 Pensaukin, 761. 
 
 Pension Board, 261. 
 
 Perry, Thos., 610. 
 
 Pettye Island, 739. 
 
 Pfeitfpr, Frederick P., 305. 
 
 Pfeitfer, «. S., F. 305. 
 
 Philadelphia and Camden Bridge Co., 377. 
 
 Philadelphia and Atlantic K. B., 369. 
 
 Philadelphia, Marlton and Medford E. K., 
 
 359. 
 Phila. Dye and Bleaching Works, 763. 
 Physicians, 237. 
 Physicians, biographies of, 266. 
 Pillory, the, 33. 
 Plank, W. S., 652. 
 Planked shad, 606. 
 Pleasure gardens, 452. 
 Pleasure railway, 461. 
 Police, chief of, 439. 
 Port of Camden, 386. 
 Post, the, 325. 
 Post-office, 638. 
 Potts, Stacy G., 206. 
 Potta, Lemuel J., 233. 
 Powell, W. K.,298. 
 Pratt, Jesse, 434. 
 Private schools, 506. 
 Presley, Mrs. Sophia, 298. 
 Press, the, 319 (see Newspapers). 
 Public schools, 497, 5U3. 
 PulaBki, Count, 56. 
 
 Q- 
 
 Quakers (see Friends). 
 Quint, Silas H.,306. 
 
 B. 
 
 Railroada : Camden & Amboy, 349 ; Cam- 
 den & Atlantic, 353 ; West Jersey, 364 ; 
 Camden & Woodbury, 357 ; Camden 
 & Burlington County, 357 ; New Jer- 
 sey Southern, 358 ; Camden & Haddon- 
 lield, 358 ; Camden, Gloucester & Mt. 
 Ephraim, 358 ; Philadelphia & Atlan- 
 tic City, 359 ; Philadelphia, Marlton 
 & Medford, 359. 
 
 Raudiill, L. B., 523. . 
 
 Raughley, Williiiiu C, 209. 
 
 Bead, Edmund B., Jr., 235. 
 
 Bead, Edmund E., 613. 
 
 Bead, David, 640. 
 
 Head, Joel, 641. 
 
 Bead, Joseph J. , 641. 
 
 Bead, John S., 643. 
 
 Redman, T., 610. 
 
 Reed, Charles T., 212. 
 
 Reeve, Augustus, 521. 
 
 Reeve, Benjamin C, 521. 
 
 Reeve, Richard H., 621. 
 
 Religious history of Camden, 467. 
 
 Reynolds, George, 236. 
 
 Richtor, A. F., 232. 
 
 Richards, Mrs. Jennie, 297. 
 
 Richie, E. W., 299. 
 
 Ridge, James M., 284. 
 
 Bidgway, Richard S., 236. 
 
 Eightmiro, William H., 437. 
 
 Risley, James 0., 275. 
 
 Robbins, S. K.,234. 
 
 Roberts, Israel, 236. 
 
 Robeson, General W. P., Jr., 176. 
 
 Robeson, George M., 224. 
 
 Robison, George T., 299. 
 
 Roe, David, Sr., 616. 
 
 Rose, Wilbur F., 461. 
 
 Rosedale, 698. 
 
 Rosters of soldiers Warfor the Union, 95. 
 
 Rosters of soldiers War 1812-14, 80. 
 
 Rowand, Thomas G., 290. 
 
 Royal land grants, 17, 18. 
 
 Roydon, William, 363. 
 
 Roydon, William, 640. 
 
 Budderow family, 748. 
 
 Rulon, Elwood, 674. 
 
 S. 
 
 Sartorl, Chas. W.,276. 
 
 Sanadera, Edward, 235. 
 
 Sausage weaving, 452. 
 
 Schlesinger, Alex:, 329. 
 
 SchelUnger, C. M., 293. 
 
 Schneck, John V., 276. 
 
 Schneck, P. V., 277. 
 
 School, the New, 314. 
 
 Schools of Camden, early, 309. 
 
 Schools of Camden, the present, 316. 
 
 Schools of Camden, 497. 
 
 Schools of Gloucester City, 600. 
 
 Schools of Haddoniield Borough, 630. 
 
 Schools of Haddon township, 651. 
 
 Schools of Stockton township, 753. 
 
 Scovel, Alden C, 226. 
 
 Scovel, Hy. A., 233. 
 
 Scovel, James M., 224. 
 
 Scovel, Philip S., 225. 
 
 Scull, Samuel, 432. 
 
 Sellers, J. S. Z.,279. 
 
 Sewell, William J., 366. 
 
 Sexton, Charles, 431. 
 
 Sexton, William, 694. 
 
 Shad-flailing, 606. 
 
 Shafer, William, 298. 
 
 Sharp, Edgar B., 304. 
 
 Sharp, Thomas, 639, 642. 
 
 Sharp, Thomas, 308, 330. 
 
 Sheets, John A. J., 634. 
 
 Sherk, H. l-I,, 297. 
 
 Ship-building, early, 360, 381. 
 
 Shivers, Bowman H., 301. 
 
 Shivers, Ulias. H., 289. 
 
 Shivers, Isaac, 720. 
 
 Shivers, John, 725. 
 
 Shoe manufacturers : Anthonys Shoe 
 Works, 634 ; Ferris Mfy., 636 ; Deitrich 
 & Co., 636 ; Kelly's Works, 635 ; Butch- 
 ers' Mfy., 636; Whitakors, 635; Mo- 
 Adams, 536 ; Richardson, 536 ; Grau, 
 636 ; Boltinghouse & Co., 536 ; Guth- 
 rie, 530 ; Hoifliuger, 636 ; Small, 636 ; 
 Cook, 636. 
 
 Shreve, Beiy'. D.,227. 
 
 Shreve, B. F. H., 234. 
 
 Shreve, Caleb D., 227. 
 
 Shreve, Samuel N., 236. 
 
 Shroff, James W., 432. 
 
 Shroud, Thomas, 727. 
 
 Shults, John S., 438. 
 
 Sickler, John Rowan, 268. 
 
 Sicklerville, 695. 
 
 Simcoe, Maj., 56. 
 
 Sixth Regiment National Guards, 178. 
 
 Sloan, Jeremiah H., 216. 
 
 Smallwood, R. M., 278. 
 
 Smiley, E. R., 298. 
 
 Smith, H. A. M., 288. 
 
 Smith, Thomas J., 280. 
 
 Snitcher, E. J., 292. 
 
 Snow Hill, 708. 
 
 Snowden, John W., 283. 
 
 Snowdon, Richard, 331. 
 
 Snyder, Henry M., Jr., 2.34. 
 
 Societies of Camden : Microscopical of 
 Camden, 339 ; Free Masons, 658 ; 
 ■ Knights Templar, 660 ; Scottish Eite, 
 661 ; Odd-Fellows, 663 ; Knights of 
 Pythias, 665 ; Improved Order of Bed 
 Men, 666 ; Daughtei-a of the Forest, 
 568 ; Knights of the Golden Eagle, 
 669 ; Ancient Order United Workmen, 
 670 ; United American Mechanics, 571 ; 
 Independent Order Mechanics, 573 ; 
 Brotherhood of the Union, 574 ; Order 
 of the Iron Hall, 676 ; Brotherhood of 
 Locomotive Engineers, 676 ; Brother- 
 hood of Locomotive Firemen, 676 ; La- 
 dies of Friendahip, 576 ; Sons of St. 
 George, 576 ; Seven Wise Men, 577 ; 
 Temperance Societies, 677 ; Home for 
 Friendless Children, 578 ; Philharmo- 
 nic Society, 578. 
 
 Societies of Gloucester City, 601 ; of Had- 
 donfleld Borough, 633 ; of Waterford, 
 662, 666 ; of Gloucester township, 693 ; 
 of Winslow, 700 ; of Centre township, 
 708 ; of Stockton, 754, 766. 
 
 Society of the Cincinnati, 170. 
 
 Soldiers from Gloucester Co., who served 
 in Continental army, 71. 
 
 Solicitors of city, .438. 
 
 Somers, Lieutenant Eichard, at Tripoli, 76. 
 
 Sordentown, 761. 
 
 South Jersey News, 329. 
 
 Sparks, S. W., 232. 
 
 Spicer, Samuel and Jacob, 745. 
 
 Spring Mills, 680. 
 
 Stacy, Henry, 648. 
 
 Stamp Act, 38. 
 
 Stauger, H. J., 236. 
 
 Stanton, James G., 297. 
 
 Stanton, James H., 297. 
 
 Stanton, L. N., 617. 
 
 Starr, Jno, F,, 463. 
 
 State Normal School, 318. 
 
 Stevenson, John E., 287. 
 
 Stiles, Wm., 466. 
 
 Stillings, Captain Wm., 89. 
 
 Stivers, Gideon, 611. 
 
 Stivers, G. V.,430. 
 
 Stocks, the, 33. 
 
 Stockham, Chas., 612. 
 
 Stockton Township : Orgauization and 
 boundaries of, 739; Petty's Island, 739 ; 
 
INDEX. 
 
 769 
 
 early settlors, 740, 761 ; Spicer's Ferry, 
 745 ; Bethel M. E. Church, 751 ; ed- 
 ucational matters, 753 ; old tfl,verns, 
 
 753 ; old brewery, 754 ; fisheries, 754 
 clubs, 754; hot-houses, 754; Pavonia, 
 
 754 ; old mansions, 756 ; Woods bury^ 
 ing ground, 755; Wrightsville, 756 
 secret societies, 756 ; Cramer Hill, 757 
 Baptist Church, 757 ; other churches, 
 758, 760 ; Dudley, 769 ; MerchantviUe, 
 759 ; incorporation, 760 ; Stockton San. 
 itarium, rifle-range and park, 760 
 villages of Pensaukiu, Homesteadville. 
 Soi-dentown, Jordantown and Delair, 
 761 ; manufactures, 761-763 ; biograph- 
 ical matter, 763. 
 
 Stockton, 423. 
 
 Stockton Sanitarium, 760. 
 
 Stockton Eifle Eange, 760. 
 
 Stockton Park, 760. 
 
 Stokes family, 726. 
 
 Stones, the, 751. 
 
 Stout, Daniel M., 284. 
 
 Stout, Jos. A., 269. 
 
 Stradley, J no., 297. 
 
 Stratton, Chas. P., 2U. 
 
 Sti'eet Railroad, 645. 
 
 Strook, Daniel, 295. 
 
 Stroud, F G., 300. 
 
 Styron, U. G., 236. 
 
 Surveyors of city, 438. 
 
 Surveyors of highways, 439. 
 
 Surveyoi-s of port of Camden, 3-<5. 
 
 Sutton, Jno- H., 299. 
 
 Synott, Miles & Martin, 269. 
 
 T. 
 
 Tallman, Benjamin H., 240. 
 Tansboro', 696. 
 Taylor, Heury Genet, 285. 
 Taylor, Marmaduke B,, 224. 
 Taylor, Othniel H., 273. 
 Taylor, K. G., 299. 
 Taylor, W. G., 283. 
 Teachers, the, 308, 309. 
 Telephone Co.. 646. 
 Test, Richard "W., 652. 
 Thackara, Thomas, 643. 
 Thomas, W. G., 278. 
 Thompson, W. J., 606. 
 Thorne, Jno., 706. 
 Thornton, Jacob P., 267. 
 Tomlinson, Ephralm, 289, 679. 
 Tomlinson, Joseph, 673. 
 Topography, 1. 
 Townsend, Ellis P., 294. 
 Tornado of 1885, 565. 
 Tornado of 1878, the, 654. 
 Tribune, The, 326. 
 Tribune, The Weekly, 329. 
 Tribune, The Chesilhurst, 330. 
 Troth, J. tugene, 227. 
 Tullis, Eli, 304. 
 Turner, Robert, 644. 
 Turnpikes, 345. 
 Truax, Clayton, 432. 
 
 u. 
 
 United States Chemical Co., 763. 
 Upton, 681. 
 
 V. 
 Tan Dyke, John, 207. 
 Varnish factory, 763. 
 Voorhees, Peter L., 222. 
 Yoorhees, Peter V., 232. 
 Vroom, Geo. A., 236. 
 
 ■w. 
 
 Walker, Jno., 761. 
 Walsh, J. P., 292. 
 Wamsley, Jas. A., 296. 
 War, the, of 1812-14,77; cause of, 77; 
 capture of sloop *' New Jersey," 76 ; 
 New Jersey Militia, 79 ; rosters of 
 soldiers, 80; Elmer's Brigade, 82; 
 Cheeseman's Company, 8:j ; Chew's 
 Company 83 ; Armstrong's Company, 
 83 ; Lippiucott's Company, 84 ; Gabb 
 Artillery Company, 84; Sender's Com- 
 pany. 8.5 ; Newton's Company, 85. 
 War of the Revolution, 36 ; causes of, 37 ; 
 British stamp, 38 ; progress of, 46, 
 47 ; battle of Red Bank, 47 ; Fort 
 Mifflin, 48; operations on Delaware, 
 49 ; Fort Mercer, 5U ; Forts Mercer 
 aud Miffl n abandoned. 53 ; skifmishes 
 around Gloucester, 65 ; incidents of, 
 68 ; evacuation of Philadelphia 58 ; 
 retreat of British, 58 ; local patriotism, 
 63, 64; Council of Safety, 66 ; West 
 Jersey c mmands, 69; militia; 71; 
 State troops 70; Lieutenant Somers, 
 76. 
 War, The French and Indian. 35. 
 War with Mexico, 86; Camden Cou ty 
 
 soldiers, 86 ; " The Spitfire," 88. 
 War for the Union, 89; causes of, 89 ; pro- 
 ceedings to prevent, 90 ; first war- 
 meeting in Camden, 91 ; pelitiun and 
 signers, 91 ; preparations for. 90, 91, 
 92 ; three months' troops, 95 : First 
 Brigade, three years' troops, 98 ; 
 Second Brigade, 112 ; Ninth Regiment, 
 122; Tenth Regiment, 126; Twelfth 
 Regiment, 1;16 ; Gettysburg monu- 
 ment, 144 ; nine months' tro' ps, 146 ; 
 Company H, Twenty-eighth Regiment, 
 149 ; emergency companies, 150 ; Mary- 
 land emergency men, 150 ; Thii ty- 
 fuuith Regiment, ]61 ; Northern men 
 in service, 162; reception of returntd 
 S'tldiers, 162 ; women's work in war, 
 162; the drafts, 169; the Sanitary 
 Fair, 163; so diers' monument, 166; 
 necrology, 168 ; Grand Army of Re- 
 public, 170. 
 Warnock, William, 295. 
 Wartinan, Jno. W., 285. 
 Washington, General George, 45, 46, 48, 
 
 54. 
 Water- Works, engineers of, 4:^9. 
 Water-Works, department of, 439. 
 Waterford Villase, 667. 
 Waterford township: Topography, 66.5; 
 early settlers, 656 ; civil organizations, 
 656 ; officers of, 667 ; Glendale, 657 ; 
 
 Gibbsboro', manufacturers of, 658; 
 churches, 669 ; Berlin, 660 ; Wright's 
 Charcoal- Work-, 66 1 ; societies, 662 ; 
 churches, 662; building issociations 
 and Berlin Library, 662 ; Berlin Cen;e- 
 tery, 664; glass-work.^, 665 ; Atco, 664 ; 
 societies, 666 ; churches of Berlin, 
 666 ; Chesilhurst, 617 ; Wa er ord Vil- 
 lage, 667 ; churches of Waterford Vil- 
 lage, 669. 
 Watsontown, 680. 
 Wayne, General Anthony, 65, 56. 
 Westcott, Jno. W., 212. 
 Westcott, James D., 319. 
 Westcott, W. A,, 299. 
 Westmont, 663. 
 
 West Jersey Homoeopathic Medical So- 
 ciety, 306. 
 West Jersey Press, 322. 
 West Jersey Railroad, 354. 
 Whirligig Society, 35. 
 White, J. Orlando, 288. 
 Whitman, Walt., 332. 
 Willard, Thomas, 744. 
 Willits, Mrs. Virginia, 165. 
 Williams, Theodore S., 303. 
 Williamstown, Junction, 690. 
 Wills, Joseph H., 295. 
 Wilson, Geo ge E., 115. 
 Wilton, 696. 
 
 Winslow township ; Topography, 694 ; or- 
 ganization, 696 ; officers, 695 ; Sicklor- 
 ville, 695 ; Williamstown Junction, 
 696 ; Wilton, 696 ; Tansboro', 696 ; 
 Oedar Brook, 696; Braddock, 697; 
 Blue Anchor, 697 ; Ancoia, 697; Elm, 
 697 ; Winslow Junction, Rosedale, 
 697; societies, 700 ; churches, 700. 
 Winslow Junction, "698. 
 Wood family, 741. 
 Wood, Thomas B., 431. 
 Woodbury, origin of name, 34. 
 WoodhuU, George S., 207. 
 Woodhull, Johu T., 231. 
 WoodhuU, William W., 234. 
 Woodhull, S. C, 236. 
 Woodruff, A. D., 275. 
 Woodward, George D., 305. 
 Woolen and worsted mills, 523 ; Linden 
 Mills, 623 ; A. Priestly & Co., 624 ; 
 Camden Woolen-Mills Co., 524 ; High- 
 land Mills, 625 ; Pine Point Mills, 526 ; 
 Novelty Worsted Mill, 626 ; Aber- 
 foyle Mills, 625 ; Brighton Mills, 526 ; 
 Lace and Embroidery, 627 ; Gimp and 
 Fringe Manufactory, 527. 
 Woolman, F. C, 233. 
 Wooster, Charles I., 234. 
 Woolston, Elijah B., 289. 
 Worthington Lib. Co., 606. 
 Wright, John W., 230. 
 Wrightsville, 766. 
 Wroth, James H., 282. 
 Wynn, Rev. Isaac C, 478. 
 
 Y. 
 Young, James P., 229. 
 Young, J. G., 286. 
 Young Men's Christian Association, 4D4.