; . * ,' ^'tk '):.:-r y SQbSJ CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY pennon ^^ Alpha Delta Phi 1889 Rev. Edward Everett Hale President Merrill Edwards Gates Rev. Dr. Leonard Woolsey Bacon Hon. William Wallace Crapo Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924031782711 Convention Addresses Alpha Delta Phi 1889 ADDRESSES Delivered at the Public Exercises in connection with the 57th Annual Convention of the Alpha Delta Phi Fraternity Held with the Yak Chapter cMay 7 and 8, i88g Hyperion Theatre SSfew Haven, Conn. [May 7, 1889 ADDRESSES BY Rev. Edward Everett Hale President Merrill Edwards Gates Rev. Dr. Leonard IVoolsey Bacon Hon. William Wallace Crapo OILUIM BROTHERS A TUflNURE ART AGE PRESS 4M * Mt WIST 14TH STREET, n. PRESIDENTS ADDRESS REV. EDWARD EVERETT HALE Brethren of Alpha Delta Phi : THE occasion gives me a great privilege and agreeable duty. I am to introduce to you the gentlemen who have come from such different regions, representing in their early life various associations, who are going to speak to us of the great principles which underlie Alpha Delta Phi. It is impossible at this moment not to trace those principles in the history of the prosperity of this nation. Let us not permit ourselves, in this hour of centennial enthusiasm, to close our eyes for a moment to the truth that this nation of ours was founded upon ideas. It is built upon ideas, and it is to the essential principles of her moral, intellectual and religious life that the prosperity of America is due. It is difficult, of course, to put this into sta- tistics, or to state it in ways familiar to the REV. EDWARD EVERETT HALE exchange or to the advertisement. Such state- ments as can be made in figures cannot reveal the great triumphs of life, as they show them- selves, whether in daily life or in the life of cen- turies. It is, therefore, that you and I hear it cynically said of Americans, that when an American talks of his country, he is simply a broker talking about things ; that he will tell you of the pile of silver that he has in Wash- ington, or the extent of his railways and his telegraphs, but that he does not tell you of the value and triumph of ideas. What I know is this, that, whereas one of the most thoughtful economists of one of the greatest empires of the world is on record, as saying that that em- pire would never make war for an idea, the only great war which the United States has maintained was a war simply and wholly for an idea. The American nation staked everything for an idea in the great conflict which estab- lished it as a nation. It did so — I might well say, of course — because it is founded, as I said, wholly upon ideas. It represents great ideas, and but for those ideas there would be no such nation. REV. EDWARD EVERETT HALE The writers of the old world have a some- what jealous fashion of saying to us, " Yes, you have great physical resources, but wait until you have exhausted your virgin soil." They tell us that we are using up what has been laid up for us for millions of years ; they ask us to wait, before we judge of our success, until we have exhausted our mines of coal and our veins of gold and silver. They try to per- suade us that all our physical advantages, of which they tell us we boast too much, come to us simply from these stores of the past, which have been laid up for us. I do not see that. There seems to be a plenty of virgin land in Africa, there is a plenty of mines of gold and silver and copper there. There are plenty of mines and plenty of virgin soil in South Amer- ica, in Mexico and in Canada. But I do not see in either of these, a nation, happy and proud and strong. I do not see a nation which calls in emigrants from all parts of the world, a nation which cannot estimate its own wealth, a nation, of which the noblest victory is that, for these people, born upon its soil or attracted by its fame, it has made so many REV. EDWARD EVERETT HALE happy homes. No, the United States owes such prosperity to-day to great moral ideas and principles. They are, as it happens, those on which this association is based, for the per- petuation of which our founders determined that they would bind together the educated men of the best American colleges and make of them one fraternity. The Phi Beta Kappa Society, the very first of these affiliated societies which under- took to unite the widely parted colleges of this country, came into existence in the year 1776. The charters which the Virginia society gave to this university and to the university at Cam- bridge are dated in 1781. This proposal for the union of the three colleges was earlier in date than the adoption of the old Confederacy of the United States. The young men who made that society struck the key-note, and the nation had to march to that tune. For reasons of its own, the Phi Beta Kappa Society gave up the obligations of a secret tie in the year 1833. It is a little curious that the great liter- ary societies of the colleges of to-day started upon their work and took up their duty almost REV. EDWARD EVERETT HALE precisely at that time. I mention these dates because I think it is an interesting thing to see that, from the beginning, the American colleges have chosen to unite themselves on the fundamental principles on which the American nation has been perpetuated, which is this year celebrating its centennial anniver- sary. Of those principles, one which the nation takes entirely for granted is the recognition of the dignity of every man. Every man is recognized as a child of God, and to every man, wherever he may be found, — beggar or prince, it is all one, — the nation says, "You are to bear your share in the fortunes of the commonwealth." Because the nation says this, this nation is strong; and let me remind you that no nation, as a nation, has said this before. I do not care, here and now, to trace out this idea in theological history. I will not go into the intricate and curious theology which was thought to be sufficient for feudal times. I do suppose that the theology of the Middle Ages grew from the social order of the Middle Ages, and I want here just to say that REV. EDWARD EVERETT HALE in America the feudal relations were broken up and destroyed from the nature of the case, in the very beginning. In their destruction the theological system of the Middle Ages fell. Whether men were capable of good or not, — that question did not in practice puzzle the fathers of America ; they knew that a man was capable of cutting down a tree and drawing a log, and so they called out every man when it was necessary to build a highroad or a bridge. Capable of good or incapable of good, when it was necessary to fight Burgoyne or Cornwallis they believed that every man was capable of making a forced march and firing a musket. The principle of the dignity of human nature, therefore, the statement that every man is a child of God and not a child of the devil, came very early into American life and into American law. No writer of that time justified universal suffrage, yet the Ameri- can states drifted into it as a matter of course, and , without knowing, perhaps, to what their conclusions tended. Thus, they insisted that every child of God should receive the best education which they knew how to give ; they REV. EDWARD EVERETT HALE insisted on the education of every man, every woman and every child. If every man is to vote, he must be educated so as to vote rightly. We will not be satisfied to educate him simply in the three arts of reading, writing and arith- metic ; he shall be carried up as far as he wants to go. That is the principle of our American republics, and of the American sys- tem of education. John Adams said, very early in our business of constitution-making, that he hoped his children would live to see the time when every man in Massachusetts would receive a liberal education. Well, we have so far come to that time that every child in New England may now receive a liberal education if he will ; it rests upon him whether he shall or not. I will ask the ladies who have graced our assembly by their presence if they will compare that state of things with the condition of things a hundred years ago ; if they will be kind enough to look back to their grand- mothers' letters and the diaries of their great- grandmothers, and see how little was done toward the liberal education of women in REV. EDWARD EVERETT HALE 1789. Now it is impossible for the statistics to give us an idea of the powers for good in every direction, which come from this universal system of education, — the new system which came in with the American constitution, as soon as America was able to dictate her own laws for the training of her own people. No price-currents and no census returns will enable you to estimate, for instance, the value to America of the system under which the frontiersman off in Alaska, or the fisher boy bobbing up and down in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, reads his Homer and his Virgil, as he studies in that great Chautauquan course which makes one university out of the whole land. But whether statistics will measure it, or will not measure it, let no man count that system a trifle under which the nation gets the best work of the best men and the best women, in whatever place the nation wants high service. You gained that victory simply because you held loyally to the Idea from the beginning. It is because of this that these Afrites of the mine, these Djinns who rule over your gold REV. EDWARD EVERETT HALE and silver, these Genii of the ring and of the lamp, come into your service. They obey the voice of the master-spirit, they hear the voice of the child of God and obediently follow his commands. It is this which makes your desert blossom as the rose. It is this which gives you your wealth of gold, iron, silver and copper. It is this which traces for you the sources of your mines of oil. It is this which has found for you the countless treasures which were hidden from other ages. Talk to me of physical resources, I think these same physical resources were all here a hundred years ago. I think there was as much gas imprisoned under the surface in Ohio ; I think there was as much coal in Pennsylvania, as much lead in Illinois, as much iron and copper on the banks of Lake Superior. But, I do not observe that a race of men trained up under feudal institutions, under the limited ideas which belong to feudal institutions, develop these resources. No, it is only when you keep open the lines of promotion, when you can bring the Abraham Lincolns and the James Garfields to the front, if you want to do REV. EDWARD EVERETT HALE so, it is only then that you are able to use the best of the gifts which the God of Nature has ready for you. You must recognize the truth that all men are His children, and may be fel- low-workmen with Him if they choose. Simply, it is to the law of open promotion to each and everybody that America owes her victories of the last century. This law of open promotion belongs with, and is essential to, our system of universal education ; and that is necessary when, in universal suffrage, we recognize the equal rights of every man. Our friends who are going to speak to us have to illustrate these successes from their various points of view. I will only trespass on your time so far as to allude to one illustration, which one cannot but remember as he speaks in Yale College, the guest of a body of the un- dergraduates of Yale. It is within thirty years, that, in this talk of our physical advantages, people used to say to us that " cotton is king." English writers had a habit of saying, " Oh; yes, you know, — that is, — although, you know, — yes, yes, — you owe to your cotton-fields, — yes, — the supremacy, you know, over the mar- REV. EDWARD EVERETT HALE kets of the world, you know." Very well ; how came that supremacy? How did it happen that the great southern savannas were supply- ing the cotton for the whole world, and were bringing back these revenues to America? Were not the cotton-fields there one hundred years before American independence as truly as they were one hundred years after ? Were not the physical advantages the same ? Were they not more fertile then than they are now ? Yes, and yet so little cotton had they sent to the markets of the world that even when Jay's Treaty was negotiated, as late as 1793, the English negotiator did not know, and the American negotiator did not know, that the United States produced a pound of cotton for export, and in the first draft of that treaty cot- ton was not mentioned. How came the cotton crop into existence ? Because Yale College was where it was. Because Eli Whitney, the son of a Massachusetts mechanic, had been trained here in Yale College to do the business which God sent him for into the world. Be- cause when Eli Whitney graduated, he went to Georgia as a tutor in a family; because the REV. EDWARD EVERETT HALE southern gentleman to whom he went cheated him, and failed to meet his own promises. Whitney then found a home in General Na- thaniel Greene's family. One day the conver- sation turned on the waste of the cotton crop, and on the necessity of finding some method of freeing the seed from the wool. Mrs. Greene said to the gentlemen at her table, "If you want somebody to make an invention, ask Mr. Whitney there. He knows everything about inventions and he will show you how." Eli Whitney had then never seen a boll of ripe cotton, but because Yale College had educated him, because he knew his business, he under- took the great invention of the cotton gin and succeeded. I like to tell that story to the young gentlemen who are to graduate this year, that they may remember that a Yale Col- lege boy, before he had left college six months, had revolutionized the commerce of the world, and given to America its greatest source of revenue. I do not see that that victory is a triumph of physical law. It is a triumph of the Idea, the triumph of the principle of open promotion and universal education. REV. EDWARD EVERETT HALE I am fond of telling another Connecticut story which has the same moral. Where does the great system which now governs the world of manufactures, — the system known in Eng- land as the system of " corporations of limited liability," — where does that come from ? It is the system to which the activity of the manu- facturing of the world is now due. It has been adopted in every civilized country on the con- tinent of Europe. They borrowed it from Sir Robert Peel's statute in England. He took it, and said he took it, from the experience of the American states. The American states took it, and knew they took it, from the legislation of this Connecticut, in which we are. How happened it that the state of Connecticut in- vented the system for the easy combination of capitalist and inventor, which has led to these results ? It came about because Mr. Hinsdale, an axe-maker in Winsted, being in the legis- lature of Connecticut, was able to suggest the method by which, without danger to anybody, with advantage to everyone, men can corpor- ate and co-operate for a special purpose. He introduces that beneficial system into the legis- REV. EDWARD EVERETT HALE lature of this state, the state tries the experi- ment and it succeeds, and the commerce and manufacture of the world has to follow suit. Is that a victory of physical law ? No ; again it is a victory of the Idea. It belongs to the system by which every man finds his place, every man says what he has to say, thinks what he has to think, proposes what he has to pro- pose, and shows what he and his ideas are worth. You give every man open promotion. When you do so, you change, as by the stroke of a wand, the principles of the commercial legislation of the world. But it is not for me to offer such illustrations. It seemed to me right to say so much in the midst of a month of great centennial enthusi- asm. I do not see that it is wrong to speak of the great physical advantages which we enjoy, —these things which are piled in beyond meas- ure upon us. We do not mean, when we so speak, that the things themselves are anything. We mean to use these things, which perish in the using, so that when they fail, as they will fail, the angels of light may receive us. We do not think that the things in themselves can take 18 REV. EDWARD EVERETT HALE feet or wings, — that grain will plant itself, or gold will smelt itself. We say that these things, these treasures, which are beyond count and weight, have come to America as the visi- ble and tangible reward of her loyalty to cer- tain great principles. These great principles, and the eternal ideas which they embody, are the basis on which this fraternity of ours is founded. POTENTIAL VALUES IN ALPHA DELTA PHI PRESIDENT MERRILL EDWARDS GATES, LL.D., L.H.D., OF RUTGERS COLLEGE Members of Alpha Delta Phi, Ladies and Gentlemen : OUR President, Brother Hale, has set forth the value of ideas in terms of material wealth and of their conquest over mat- ter, until we have almost forgotten that ma- terial progress and ideas are, after all, dis- tinct. And yet, I want to take up the thought where he leaves it. The last time I had the pleasure of speaking to an audience of Alpha Delts approaching this in size, was at our semi- centennial convention, in the Academy of Music at New York. I remember speaking then of a certain fact, as an illustration of the truth that no Alpha Delt ever lives long enough to outgrow the influences and associations of his MERRILL EDWARDS GATES, LL.D., L.H.J). college years. I remember speaking of the time when a friend and myself were sitting to- gether in the solemn calm that reigns about the summit of the great pyramid. After a long silence, in which the ideals of the old old college days had thrilled through me, I turned and said to him : " It may be folly, but I have just chiseled the star and crescent here in the stone." With a look of surprise, he re- plied, " That is remarkable ! I have just cut the letters Alpha Delta Phi." Our college ideals go with us through life. We never cease to feel the influence of the associations of the college days, of the fra- ternity. At unexpected times and in unlooked for ways, they come back to us. It was in the gallery in the dome of St. Paul's, in London, some years ago, and the guide had stationed us at one focus of the "Whispering Gallery," and said to us, " Now, whisper into the wall. I see a party of visitors over on the other side at the other focus, and undoubtedly they will answer." You all know how the power of language forsakes you when you are brought face to face with a blank wall. "What shall I MERRILL EDWARDS GATES, LL.D., L.H.D. say ? " I asked. " Anything," was the answer. After a moment of stupid silence, the recol- lection of the cadences of a dearly loved Greek professor came to me, and I recited a couplet from Byron's verses, "The Isles of Greece, the Isles of Greece," as he used to recite them to us. To my utter surprise there came whis- pered back the next few lines of those verses, with the same familiar inflections, and the question, " Who is over there who knew dear old ' Kai Gar ' ? " Passing around the circle, I found an old college friend, an Alpha Delt of my own chapter and my own time in college, a dear friend, and together we went up into the dome, and looking down on the London lying below us, we talked over the " long plans " of youth. Each one had thought the other was thousands of miles away. And now, he lectures on moral philosophy, but he looks into the faces of a class who are said to be very much more responsive than the average senior class of Yale or Rutgers ; for he is the president of Vassar. In one of those charming scenes which serve as a setting for the immortal dialogues MERRILL EDWARDS GATES, LL.D., L.HD. of Plato, is a passage which well illustrates our feeling to-night. Socrates, escaped from the battle-field of Potidsa, after a long ab- sence has just returned to his old haunts in Athens. A throng of friends surround him, eager for news from the war. He has only monosyllables for answer to their pressing in- quiries ; while the first question on his own lips is the one always of the deepest import to him, " How about the young men?" "Who of them give promise of a noble future ? " Our interest to-night is in the under-graduate ; not in the men whose future is assured, and too often rendered sure because its narrow limitations are so clearly marked ! We turn to-night to the younger men of whom all noble things are still possible. The essential life in any college fraternity at any given time is to be sought for in the body of its under-grad- uates. There lie the potential values of Alpha Delta Phi. Whether or not the coral reefs and islands were formed as Darwin supposed, certain it is that in these vast deposits there has never been more than one narrow space in the total MERRILL EDWARDS GATES, LL.D., L.H.D. depth of the formation where at any time the living growth was going forward. This band of vital force, where growth blossoms out and life pulsates as it shapes the reef, is but a few feet in depth. A few fathoms below this line of life, the rigid rock; a few fathoms above, the stormy, life-destroying waves ; between, a stratum of organic life. So of Alpha Delta Phi. Dear as are its ties and its memories to those of us who are older, in the under-graduate chapters lies the organic life of the fraternity. It is in the rapidly changing classes of under-graduates that the future of Alpha Delta Phi is shaped. As young men with nobly-questioning eyes search out the noble in each others' souls, as ideas strike fire in debate, as hearts beat high with the inspiring rivalries and the generous friend- ships of young manhood in the under-graduate days, there is a rapid growth of character, a strongly marked development of life which fix the future coast lines of Alpha Delta Phi. Here are formed those harbors of sheltered friendships, secure for old college friends to the end of life. Here are built up those break- MERRILL EDWARDS GATES, LL.D., L.H.D. waters of principle, against which storms of temptation shall beat in vain ; here are laid the bases of those towering summits of achieve- ment which later serve as landmarks to all young mariners who sail those seas. The voice of invitation which comes to busy professional men to attend these gatherings, then, is the regal tone of friendship, impera- tive in its summons as the young men gather in these spring-time conventions. For with the young men rests the future. To influence young men for good is to work on far down the coming ages. We in this country have been very slow in learning the lesson so well learned a century ago in Germany. There it has passed into a fundamental maxim of state policy that " What you would have come out in the life of the nation you must put into the schools, the col- leges and universities." We have been very slow to put into our schools and colleges that patriotism, that intelligent appreciation not only of the advantages, but also of the demands of popular self-government, which is so essen- tial to good citizenship. Of our government MERRILL EDWARDS GATES, LL.D., L.H.D. as of everything else which is precious in life, it is eminently true that " if we would preserve it, we must love it." And if we love it, we shall study its nature and its needs. Here lies the value of the great tide of consciousness of national life and gratitude to our nation's founders which has just swept across the con- tinent. North and South are drawn closer together as they honor the memory of that noble Vir- ginian, our great first President. We love our country more warmly as our thought is thus fixed on the cost and the value of our national life ; and it augurs well for the future of our nation that from all our higher institutions of learning there arises an impera- tive demand for fuller instruction in Civics, in the ethics and the motive powers of social life, and in the duties of American citizenship. Whatever powerfully affects the life of young men in our colleges, then, affects the life of the nation. The work of a statesman all men honor. To shape the destinies of cities and nations is an ambition fit to engross all a man's energies. MERRILL EDWARDS GATES, LL.D., L.H.D. But when the politicians and statesmen of Greece urged Socrates to increase his useful- ness to Athens by giving up his teaching-in- tercourse with young men and devoting him- self to " practical politics," he laughed them to scorn. He had learned the mighty influence upon the state which belongs to the social inter- course of bodies of educated young men ; and his answer was, " When I would turn a stream I stand as near as possible to the fountain-head." He knew well that in the young manhood of any nation is found the point of application for the force that is to control the future of the state. Compare for a moment the influence of a Legislator whose winter's work is summed up in placing upon the statute-book one of those laws, of which hundreds are each session passed, obsolescent from the hour of their enactment, with the influence of the teacher who gets the living principle at work in the minds and lives of a class of college men ! Potential energy, power that belongs to a body or an agent by reason of its position, power such as is still locked up in the coiled MERRILL EDWARDS GATES, LL.D., L.H.D. spring, in the up-lifted trip hammer, to be expended in kinetic energy, — in working force, as beliefs shall direct — -potential energy for good or for evil — is in the young men of our colleges. This is the fact and these are the thoughts that give value to a gathering such as this. What we older men may say derives whatever importance it has from the fact that it is said before these young men. Sons of destiny, by virtue of their youth, — arbiters of the future, charged with the control of social forces, and the solution of social problems beyond our ken ; these young men of the twentieth century lend to this meeting its significance ! We cannot hope so to inspire them, as the mere thought of their future inspires us ! It is this inheritance in the on-coming future that digni- fies young manhood in our eyes. From this consciousness of potential energy come the joyous light, the force, the fire, the uplift of a noble college fraternity. There is a dangerously selfish tendency in all student life which Emerson has put piti- lessly before us when he says "All the ways of MERRILL EDWARDS GATES, LL.D., L.H.D. culture and refinement lead to solitary impris- onment." To correct this isolating tendency of a self-centered college course, one must find somewhere not only identity of tastes and intellectual pursuits, but warm sympathy as well, and loving, human-hearted companion- ship. It has always seemed to me that for some of the subtlest, most destructive poisons which ambition infuses into the draughts she offers the emulous college student, an antidote is found in such a pure well managed college society as is Alpha Delta Phi. It calls on a man to do his best for others and in unison with others. It teaches him what wealth of strength and joy is gained through spending one's self unselfishly for the common good. The tendency to selfish effort for self alone is changed into an unselfish desire to succeed for the honor and good of the whole fraternity. Instead of that consuming ambition that burns and blights, Alpha Delta Phi awakens a nobler ambition, that glows steadily, but for the warmth of others ; that flames with a clear pure light, impelling every brother in whose heart it is kindled to MERRILL EDWARDS GATES, LL.D., L.H.D. " Know, not for knowing's sake, But to become a star to men forever." For fraternities among the students in our colleges mean that all society is permeated by the conviction that " no man lives to him- self alone," — by that consciousness of the soli- darity of the race which is the distinctive mark of the social life of our age. College fraternities are a living protest against selfish isolation in the pursuit of in- tellectual life. If self-culture tends to self- ishness, fraternities such as ours, where lofty ideals sublimate friendship, tend contantly to illustrate that fine saying "True culture cul- minates in the subordination of culture to the noble aim of building up the institutions of humanity." 'Tis true, the young student must learn to toil alone, if he is to " perform the sober acts and the serious purposes of men," as Sir Thomas Browne has phrased it. In solitude he must, with Emerson, " make ac- quaintance with those divine strengths which disclose themselves to serious and abstracted thought." But solitude persisted in can never make his life fruitful. In that " illuminate MERRILL EDWARDS GATES, LL.D., L.H.D. seclusion," he may not selfishly abide. Both young and old need friendly intercourse with their fellowmen ; and that fine capacity for dis- interested friendship which is a mark of youth, is one of the deepest, fullest sources of the strength of young manhood. Granted that it has its dangers, yet that mysterious impulse to go by swift inspiration where other men of his age are going, that cleaving of a man to men of his own time and life, is nature's brand upon the men of the same generation, and makes possible that strong, united action which, for good or for ill, we personify in the " Zeit- Geist," the Spirit of the Age. To lay hold of this friendly impulse and to subordinate it to reason, to guide it by conscience, to intensify it by the inculcation of genial manners, is the aim of such fraternities as ours. Whatever else young men can safely do without in a college course, they can not do without ennobling friendship. What but the love of human hearts has preserved the good, through all the ages ? Thoreau has somewhere said, " It is the merit and the preservation of friendship, that it takes place on a level higher than the actual character MERRILL EDWARDS GATES, LL.D., L.H.D. of the parties would seem to warrant." When young men meet on these high levels of friend- ship, there comes to them a clearer vision of what is noble. The arduous paths of duty and achievement grow beautiful and attractive, as the friendly voices of men who have passed that way before call down to them from the heights above. They feel themselves in train with the great and noble of earlier college generations, " And marching onward, view high o'er their heads His waving banners of Omnipotence." At such times, from the mountain-tops of social and moral exaltation, men see more clearly. Who among us, who twenty years ago were under-graduate Alpha Delts, can for- get the uplift that came to us and how our hearts thrilled under the eloquence of that Alpha Delt whose sturdy personality, whose convincing eloquence forced the howling mobs at Manchester to listen to reason and patriotism from the lips of Henry Ward Beecher. Who cannot remember how twenty years ago we listened, as we MERRILL EDWARDS GATES, LL.D., L.H.D. expect and hope many a time in the future to listen, to the voice of that blameless knight of Alpha Delta Phi, whose wonderful voice seems attuned to the very keynote of exalted intel- lectual friendship ; — how our hearts thrilled and our aspiration was aroused as we listened to the golden sentences that fell from the lips of that silver-tongued orator, Geo. W. Curtis. Who is there among us whose hair is blossoming out with a second spring (for no true Alpha Delt ever grows old), who has not dreamed over again the reveries of his youth, and looked out on life again through the "April eyes and April heart of seventeen," in the " Reveries of a Bachelor" when he has been under the charm and magic spell of that Yale Alpha Delt, Donald G. Mitchell. How many times have we felt our hearts burning with new desires and our wills braced for new efforts for more active service "in His name," as we have read the paragraphs that fall ceaselessly from the unwearied pen of Edward Everett Hale ? His soul, in that "cogitable world" into which it so often wings its way, has learned a MERRILL EDWARDS GATES, LL.D., L.H.D. mathematics higher than that of this world, and has come to know, and has demonstrated to others the world over, that when moral enthusiasm to " lend a hand " touches the hearts of the young, " ten times one " is not ten, but ten thousand ! With Jove-like front and serious eye, yet with that " sunny nature, sloping to the south," for which he gives thanks in one of his latest poems, comes the figure of that Alpha Delt whose verse in " The Present Crisis," and the " Commemoration Ode " is the high^water mark of inspired eloquence in American poetry, — James Russell Lowell ! May we not take his noble lines as imaging to us the aspiring Alpha Delts of earlier decades, " white brows, lit up with glory — poets, all : " " I see them muster in a gleaming row With ever-youthful brows thai nobler show ; We find in our dull road their shining track, They come transfigured back, Secure from change, in their high-hearted ways, Beautiful, ever more, and with the rays Of morn on their white shields of expectation." At such times young men set their standard MERRILL EDWARDS GATES, LL.D., L.H.D. high. They dare to entrust themselves to the power of principles, and they feel themselves consecrated afresh to the life-work of dissem- inating ideas. If " thought is the life of the soul," the habit of answering quickly to ideas is the mark of a man who is truly alive. It was this openness to ideas which marks the educated man, that led Aristotle to say "He who has received an education differs from him who has not, as the living does from the dead." This was the testimony of an intensely practical man, if the world ever saw one ! It is not because scholars and educated men see principles, it is not because they have ideas, that self-styled " practical " men sneer at scholars as " visionaries." It is because schol- ars do not live by their ideas, — because we who are educated men, professing to believe in prin- ciples, do not live by them, dare not risk ourselves in this world of turmoil under the clear, calm guidance of unchanging truth ! We must hold to ideas, and enforce them in our own living, if we would win respect both for the truth and for ourselves. We look to you then, young men, our younger brothers, as MERRILL EDWARDS GATES, LL.D., L.H.D. you have a right to look to us, to live by those ideas which are the life of the soul. From such gatherings as this we should all take away with us fresh faith in principles as guides to right living. And who should have a higher faith in the power of truth than such a body of college-bred young men as I see before me? History vin- dicates the power of moral forces. We believe with Milton, that, " Conscience is a strong- siding Champion ? We hold with Trendelen- burg that it is " Conscience that preserves the might of will." We believe with Emerson that "a mighty trade wind blows through the Universe in the direction of Right." And thus believing, brother Alpha Delts, shall we not make useful in our own times the lessons we read so clearly in the history of the Past ? In describing the condition of lost men in the " Inferno," Dante tells us that they know the past history of the world perfectly, and they can foretell its future, — but of the present they are totally, and fatally ignorant, so that all their knowledge is never of the slightest avail to themselves nor to others. It seems to me that MERRILL EDWARDS GATES, LL.D., L.H.D. a like heavy curse rests on those college-bred men who, although trained to a knowledge of the past by the study of history, and fond of prophetic forecasts from their love of theoriz- ing, are yet totally ignorant of the life and the needs of their own land and their own time. From that curse, do you, younger Alpha Delts, deliver yourselves. We look to you for a strong, manly interest in the affairs of your own time, every one of you, and we expect you to be leaders in right thinking as well as pro- moters of wise measures looking to the material prosperity of our country. Be helpful. Communicate ideas ! Give out moral courage and energy ! Let the light you have shine out ! You do not lose moral or in- tellectual power by giving an impulse to your neighbor. Here is the difference between mechanical forces and intellectual, moral and social forces. If you give your neighbor a "cut-off" with half the electric current that lights your house or runs your factory, your own house must go half lighted, your own factory can do but half work. But when 3« MERRILL EDWARDS GATES, LL.D., L.H.D. you give him your best though and your heart- iest, most friendly sympathy, there is more light, more warmth, more power for you both. By giving you gain. Your own thought becomes clearer. Your own conviction grows more in- tense. Your own power of right feeling and right willing is strengthened. By such unselfish efforts for others you will keep your horizon broader and your heart fresher. To do such service you will need a steady fire of love in your heart. To overcome inertia in yourselves and in others, not to be overawed and silenced by the numbers of the dull, the timid and the vicious who oppose all changes for the better ; to make your way up steep grades of moral progress ; to draw your load steadily, every day, and with your own burdens to bear also the burdens of others less strong than you — this calls for an impelling power constantly renewed and unfailing. The early invented locomotives all failed of practical usefulness because they could not generate a sufficient power of steam. Then came the Stephensons, and by their invention of the steam-blast took the very breath of 39 MERRILL EDWARDS GATES, LL.D., L.H.D. heaven into league with the fires' in the engine. The steam first generated was used to make a vacuum by which the pure air of heaven was sucked in, to feed the fires and make more heat. Thus was given to the world the secret of the power of our modern locomotives. In this feeding of the fires within by the very winds of heaven, the great possibilities of the locomo- tive, our modern civilizing force stood revealed. To enable you to do the heavy, up-grade work of helpers of the weak and ignorant, to uplift society and raise your fellowmen to higher planes of thought and action, you will need to have the breath of Heaven itself feed the fires of love and life in your hearts. Such life and power as you need in your life work can only come from God who feeds our souls with thoughts of Himself, with His Truth, which is Life. For each one of you, then, the secret of a successful and useful life is to be found in one way and one only. There can be no true brotherhood among men save as men recog- nize the Fatherhood of God which makes them sons and brothers. The secret of true power, MERRILL EDWARDS GATES, LL.D., L.H.D. young men, lies in a living union with that Divine Man, that " strong Son of God, Immortal Love," who is the Source of power and the King of Glory. There was recognized in earlier ages a " privi- lege of clergy " which exempted from certain laws and penalties those who chose to plead it. May I not plead a corresponding "privilege or laity," and as a layman express to you my deepest thought in this consideration of " potential values," although, if I were a clergy- man I might feel myself estopped lest it be deemed an intrusion of what I might feel professionally bound to say ? As a student of history, as one who has at heart the needs of his time, I cannot speak honestly to you my deepest conviction, my brothers, unless I say that the highest potential value of any young man's life seems to me to lie in its possible union with the Life of God in Christ. As I listen to those cries for brotherhood, for fraternity that can be heard by him who has ears, even in the gloomy mutterings of Nihilism, and in the distracted cries of Social- MERRILL EDWARDS GATES, LL.D., L.H.D. ism ; it seems manifest that we are progressing toward united action. See in all the signs of our times, the hungering and thirsting in the hearts of men for a coming together, for a closer union ! It seems to me that the supreme effort of the ages is to make clear to us one Divine Personality. This it is that gives the highest potential value to a fraternity ; the bringing of the life of every man of us, one by one, so to unite with that Life that we shall enter upon a fraternity that is inclusive, not exclusive, that includes the whole brotherhood of man in the consciousness of the Fatherhood we have in God. PENDING EXPERIMENTS IN COLLEGE SOCIAL LIFE REV. DR. LEONARD WOOLSEY BACON Brethren of Alpha Delta Phi : I CAN best introduce what I have to say to you this evening (for I really have something to say) by pointing to an interest- ing contrast between England and America in the growth of their systems of higher educa- tion. In England the progress has been from university to college ; in America, from college to university. In England the original germs out of which the splendid and stately growth has come forth was a lecture-room. When this resulted in a considerable concourse of students beyond what the little villages by the Cam and the I sis could accommodate in their homes and hostelries, the heart of charity was touched by the sight of poor students who REV. DR. LEONARD WOOLSEY BACON found " no room for them in the inn," and benevolent endowments were given that the pauperes scholarii might not be without board and lodging while in attendance on the instruc- tions of famous teachers in the lecture-room. It does not seem as if the magnificent founda- tions of Magdalen and Brasenose, of Christ- church and Trinity had grown out of provision for a charity boarding-house for indigent stu- dents ; but I suppose there is no doubt about the fact. The students' boarding-house, endowed by benevolent Christians that so it might dispense a cheaper hospitality to the needy, soon added other advantages to those of board and lodging. It had its corps of teachers, tutors and fellows, for the advance- ment of learning as well as for the communica- tion of it, and all the equipments which a great family of students could require for facility and comfort — especially comfort — in pursuit of the common object for which they were gathered under the same roof in the neighborhood of the original lecture-room which was the germ of the university. The university grew, of course, and multiplied its REV. DR. LEONARD WOOLSEY BACON professors, lectures, examinations and libraries. But the colleges grew still more, in number, in capacity, in wealth and luxury ; and were overtaken by that fatality which sooner or la- ter seems to seize all permanent charitable en- dowments. The funds began to accomplish the direct opposite of what they were given for. Instead of being a help to needy students in the pursuit of knowledge under difficulties, they became a soft and easy thing for young lords and gentlemen to lie down on, so that the pauperes scholarii could not get near them ; and it became necessary to have provision made that a poor student could attend the uni- versity without being subjected to the expense of going to one of the colleges that were en- dowed in order to save his money. But, immense as the change has been in the charac- ter of the English colleges, they never have departed from the original boarding-house type. The college is a family, with a family government, family regulations, family meals, family prayers. It is a ccenobium. Each one of the colleges in the university has its distinc- tive family characteristics. It is in the college REV. DR. LEONARD WOOLSEY BACON that that chief part of liberal education is mainly achieved, which comes of the intimate mutual association of young men in the com- mon pursuit of high and generous aims. It is in the college, not the university, that those memorable friendships have grown up, which, in successive generations, have constituted a beautiful factor in English history, and more than once have affected the course of events in state or church. What, for instance, would have been the course of English ecclesiastical history if you could separate from it the in- fluence of the college friendships contracted in the cloister and quadrangle of Oriel College, Oxford, sixty-odd years ago ? Now turn and observe the way of growth of our American system. This began as I have said, with a boarding-house, — with a family of students under the charge of the rector or president. The early American college was a college, in the true sense of the word. The common life was there; and in some of the smaller institutions it still con- tinues, not very much impaired. The one boarding-house overflowed into two or three, 46 REV. DR. LEONARD WOOLSEY BACON and still the name of college was kept, and doubtless some dwindling reality of college life. The officers of the college were still, in name and in law, in loco parentum towards students of minor age, and some traditions of the family government unhappily survived when the community had outgrown the possi- bility of such government, so that the attempts to enforce it became odious and tyrannical. For there is no better definition of tyranny than parental government attempted in im- possible conditions. The transition which marked the cessation of college life occurred, here at Yale, within the memory of some few men still living — the abolition of college commons. The ccenobium was at an end. The mass of students was too big for a common life. From that crisis onward, the problem of organization set before university men in America has been how to organize the social life of the university. I do not mean that it has been clearly or consciously before their minds ; for in general either they have shirked it or they have never apprehended it. But REV. DR. LEONARD WOOLSEY BACON there the question is, and until it is practically answered, the American system of higher education must stand in most disadvantageous contrast with the English, at this most impor- tant point of the common life, the mutual education of the students. In England, the university, fair mother of fair daughters, has given birth to the colleges which gather about her and call her blessed. In America, the overgrown college, with sore pangs of travail, gives birth to the university, and dies in parturition. The answers which have been made to the question, how to restore the lost advantages of collegiate life, are various. I do not number among these answers the course which simply shirks the question and aims at nothing higher or better than the condition of a German or Scotch university, in which there is no organic social life at all. This is the condition towards which universi- ties in great cities constantly tend, and which some of them seem frankly to accept. The common substitute in American univer- sities for the potent college feeling that pre- 4 8 REV. DR. LEONARD WOOLSEY BACON vails in England is the affection among class- mates. Whereas the Cantab or Oxonian takes pride in saying, " I am a student of Christ- church " or " I am of Oriel," the American graduate boasts, " I am of the class of '53," or " of '68." Doubtless it illustrates the Ameri- can capacity for attaching one's self with strong affection to a mathematical statement or to an invisible abstraction ; but even the American mind sees something to be lacking in such an object of loyalty. As an illustrious Alpha Delta Phi man has said, for substance, the home-feeling can pour itself out effusively over " dear old Melton Mowbray " but it is not easy to weep over " dear old 213 East 33d Street." It is really beautiful, in spite of this difficulty and some others, to see to what a vigor and stature this class affection grows up, and what power over the heart is possessed by a pair of Arabic numerals. But the classes in a great American university are too large, and the conditions of mutual association too intermit- tent, for this to be an adequate basis of real friendship among all the members. Among REV. DR. LEONARD WOOLSEY BACON the hundred or two hundred classmates that grow more or less acquainted with each others' voices and faces at recitations and lectures and college prayers, it is out of the question to ex- pect the mutual relation in general to rise much higher than that of acquaintance. Each man of course will have friends, and there will be an abundance of generous good will and class pride. But the noble passion of a college friendship, as it shines on many a fair page of English history, and inspires the two greatest elegiac poems, not only of English literature but of all literature, is of too fine and subtle an essence to vitalize a mass so large, so inor- ganic, so little consolidated into a common life, as an American university class. I will not stop long to speak of experiments in college life that never have been tried, but ought to be. I do earnestly wish as a Yale man, that one of the new buildings — ill adapted for the purpose as it would be — could be leased to some suitable and responsible body that would set up in it a college, in some true sense of the word, with the full equipment for a complete coenobium. SO REV. DR. LEONARD WOOLSEY BACON Or, better still, I could wish that the relig- ious or sectarian zeal now employed, with more or less disinterested benevolence, in planting, in Western states, sectarian colleges, in futile and sometimes mischievous rivalry to the noble foundations of the state universities, might be turned to the splendidly promising enterprise of planting at Ann Arbor and Min- neapolis and Berkeley, religious colleges around the campus of the state university, not as rivals, but as ancillary and supplementary to the university, to accomplish, in religious influence, in the guardianship and training of character, in a common life of college fellow- ship and friendship, just those things which the state university, by its very nature, must decline to undertake. It would be a noble en- terprise, but I have no hope that the children of light will be wise enough in their genera- tion, to undertake it. The real experiment in academic social life, from which some fruits are to be expected, is represented in this sodality. Wise heads in university senates have often wondered and sometimes complained, at the tenacious life it 5' REV. DR. LEONARD WOOLSEY BACON shows — never so illustrated as when, after years of suspended vitality, it springs back into vigorous life again, " having the dew of its youth." It was when the collegiate life of our insti- tutions of learning decayed and was ready to vanish away, that the sodalities came in like a natural growth, and a healthy one. And if there is any other factor in university life that so much as promises to supply this indispens- able element of a liberal education, the social element, I do not know where to find it. In thinking these great things of Alpha Delta Phi, I have in mind not so much its very honorable past, and a present that is represented by the men that I see about me ; I am thinking still more of a possible, a probable, and not a very remote future. Visiting the beautiful campus of Amherst, four years ago, and looking at the pretty and tasteful fraternity houses with their three or four lodging-rooms, and being the son of a prophet, I set myself to forecasting whereunto this might grow ; and I said to myself, what I now make bold to say to you, that in these REV. DR. LEONARD WOOLSEY BACON sodality cottages we have the germ, which will not be long a-growing, of the American College of the future. What is to be the American University of the future, has been the subject of much and able discussion, to which no men have con- tributed more, in word and fact, than those eminent Alpha Delta Phi men, President Dwight and President Gilman. That other and not less important question, what is to be the American College of the future, has hardly been touched in discussion, as yet ; but the practical solution of it, brethren, is in your hands. THE RELATION OF THE COLLEGE TO THE SOCIAL ORDER OF THE COUNTRY WILLIAM W. CRAPO Brethren of Alpha Delta Phi : I AM asked to speak of the relation of the college to the social order of the country. There are, and always have been, antago- nisms between classes ; friction growing out of the differing conditions and surroundings of men. There are outbreaks of lawlessness, instances of disregard of individual rights, violations of the regulations established for the welfare and conduct of society. The prob- lem which presents itself to the thoughtful and patriotic citizen is how to remove these antago- nisms, how to check and prevent this lawless- ness, and by what agencies, and through what influences to advance the social order of the community. WILLIAM W. CRAPO In this country, in the development of its marvelous native resources, while the sagacious, enterprising and persistent few reach fortune and social distinction, and the diligent and prudent many secure competency and comfort, there are those sitting on the curbstone who rail at the general advance, and those who seek to impede the onward movement by spoliation and depredations. The greed of wealth and the arrogance of power arouse enmities and invite conflicts. We live at a period of great material prosperity. There are temptations which accompany it. A nation grows rich from industry and enterprise. At the same moment it may grow poor from idleness and luxury which follow wealth. It was so three hundred years ago. When the gates of the new world were opened to the conquests of European adventure there were carried back vast treasures of gold and silver. This sudden wealth stimulated trade and commerce and wrought- unwonted prosperity. This was fol- lowed by national degeneracy, decay and ruin. In the craze for gain there were born unscrupu- lous cupidity, demoralizing speculation and 56 WILLIAM W. CRAPO commercial dishonor. The growth of America in . wealth and glory is not in stores of gold and silver. These simply measure values. Our wealth comes in the wonderful machinery which abridges labor, in the inventions which unlock the mysteries of the physical world and compel the forces of nature to make men com- fortable and rich. We guide the thunderbolts, we accelerate motion, we annihilate distance, to promote the accumulation of wealth. The streams of material prosperity flow with quicker current and larger volume than ever before. But is there no danger attending it ? No rapids, nor shoals, nor hidden rocks causing possible disaster? Yes, we see it as there comes to us now and then the sharp, fierce protest against material tyranny, and we are compelled to face the discontented, the impov- erished, the over-burdened. We have the reaping machine, which, in contrast with ancient methods, makes harvesting a pastime, yet thousands go hungry. American labor is not cramped by standing armies nor oppressed by despotic government, but we are made con- scious at times of social unrest and industrial WILLIAM W. CRAPO turmoil, as we hear the mutterings of labor against the selfishness of capital, and the threatening demands for larger shares in the distribution of products. The new forces which have aided the creation of wealth have failed to bring harmony and equality. The industrial spirit of the age enters the inviting fields of commerce and trade and manufac- tures ; it builds bridges, it constructs railroads, it drives mining shafts. It defies physical im- possibilities, it explodes superstitions and puts its faith in the triumphs of science and art. From farms and shops and ships come streams of wealth, the results of ingenious labor. But this is not enough. Something more is re- quired to satisfy men and to bring men into their just relations with one another. We take pride in thinking we have a government which represents the will of the people. We must have institutions resting upon ideas which give to every man the assurance of his individ- ual rights, and bring to him in all their fullness, the improvements in education, in social life and in philanthropic enterprise. Where shall we look for the stimulating and si WILLIAM W. CRAPO conservative influences which shall prevent the weakness which comes from the luxury and idleness of the rich, and which shall repress the turbulence which comes from the discon- tent and bitterness of the poor? One answer is, to the American Colleges. In the intellect- ual activity of the college, which is its life, in its freedon of thought, its assertion of private judgments, its denial of the supremacy of material power, and in its devotion to the mental and moral progress of man, we find the force which moves steadily towards the advance of social order. Society is plastic and impress- ible. It is the office of the scholar to mould it. In almost every community you will find one man, college bred, cultured in mind and manners, whose intelligence has been broad- ened by study and reflection, whose wisdom has been made richer by learning, whose heart is warm with human sympathy, an upright and learned man, whose influence is felt and acknowledged by the people dwelling around him. He may be teacher or clergyman, or lawyer or merchant. He need not be a great genius nor a great preacher, but the calm, de- WILLIAM W. CRAPO liberate, scholarly man. His power can be traced in that locality. He has carried there the teachings and the training of the college, and he uses them, perhaps unconsciously, for the good order of that community. One man does that in his neighborhood. How much more do a great body of scholars move and guide the public. Intellectual guidance never ceases. The more cultivated minds take the lead. It is the men of great intellectual power who give di- rection to affairs in times of urgency. It is true that in political, social and commercial life, eminence is frequently attained without collegiate education. In the contact with men and in the practical work and friction of actual life, there is often developed conspicuous suc- cess. But it is in the drill of the college, where the mental and moral muscles are trained and the athletes prepared for the con- tests of life, we expect to find men more com- pletely equipped to perform ably, skilfully and bravely all duties, public and private. The creative and constructive genius of the country has wrought our modern progress. We look WILLIAM W. CRAPO to the scholars to interpret its meaning, to measure its scope, to control its impetus and to direct its course, so that it may be the source of happiness to the people, giving them greater safety of life, property and liberty and bringing more of joy and light into the world and less of shame and crime. This is the work of the scholar. He is specially fitted for it ; better than other men. The conservative force which he brings to it is not the conservatism of wealth which is timid and feverish, but the conservatism which comes from manly thinking, from a knowledge of one's powers and duties, a knowledge of society in its demands and possibilities, a knowledge of nature in its developments, a knowledge of man in his needs and aspira- tions. But beyond this there is a stimulating force flowing from the college which makes for the advancement of social order. The col- lege recognizes the nobility of man. Its students enter into a common fellowship on an equal footing, and declare a common human- ity. It was the schools of philosophy which flourished in the universities of the middle WILLIAM W. CRAPO ages which aroused the souls and elevated the minds of men above the misery and gloom of that dark period. It was the English univer- sity men that led England on to the Revolu- tion of 1688 and rescued her Constitution. And in America the men who have exalted liberty of conscience and appealed to the dignity of reason, the men who have stood for free insti- tutions, and who have demanded reforms which should meet the spirit and circumstances of the age and the country and keep pace with the growth of the American mind, the men who in every national emergency have given evidence of patriotism and daring, heroism and endurance have in a large measure been found among college men. The enlightened progress of a nation depends upon the educational advance of its people. The superior intelligence which comes from sound learning, added to sound judgment, gives strength and constancy and improvement to its institutions. In its col- leges and universities is nourished the spirit of nationality and liberty. The influence of the college upon society WILLIAM W. CRAPO is for its elevation, its purity, its liberty, its good order. Free from the fetters and re- straints, the greediness and anxiety of money- making, untouched by the turbulence and destructiveness of improvidence and anarch- ism, the college works for the amelioration of the evils of life and the expansion of its humanities and philanthropies ; for higher civilization, more stable government and better order. I am speaking to college men. You breathe its intellectual atmosphere, you tread the walks, you fill the benches hallowed by the traditions of great scholars. You form a community unlike any other outside of college life. It is not a mediaeval, cloistered, monkish life you lead ; your studies are not antiquated, nor useless nor unpractical. And yet in laws, in customs, in activities, in methods of labor and thought you differ from the outside world. In your standards of public opinion and in your estimates of personal character you reach above the average world. No- where is genuine merit more readily discover- ed or accorded a more generous commendation «3 WILLIAM W. CRAPO than here. Wealth, birth, social advantage here count as nothing. The man is measured by his intellect, his earnestness, his manliness. If he be a sham he must go to the rear, and the decree is merciless and inexorable. Dili- gence, laborious study, self-denial, persistent devotion to duty nowhere bring a more certain reward. The triumphs of the college are won in fair and open competition. There are anxieties and strifes and jealousies which mar the picture ; there are follies, extrava- gances, failures and derelictions, individual instances of degrading indulgencies, but the general tone is pure and healthful, and the experience wholesome and salutary. One word more, — and I venture to speak it although outside the topic assigned me. Within the college there is an inner social life. The exercises of this evening call attention to it as we celebrate the existence of one of the society organizations which has its home within the walls of many colleges and is connected with the literary and social life of our great seats of learning. The time has passed when the Greek-letter societies can be regarded by 64 WILLIAM W. CRAPO the most timid and old-fashioned as pestilen- tial disturbers of the peace and purity of the college. The mysteries and seclusion and legends and symbols and badges of these college fraternities no longer horrify and distress the faculty. Instead of blood-curdling imaginings of riots and tumults and insurrec- tions, fomented and formulated within secret chambers, the college authority recognizes these organizations as educational adjuncts, and as aids to literary culture outside the routine of the college curriculum, and welcomes them as factors in the good order of the college. In this presence I need enter no plea in their behalf. You know to what extent the social, intellectual and ethical influences of these society organizations have made their impression upon you, and how you have been cheered by the sunshine of sympathy and the warmth of friend- ship which were kindled there. The college society is an agency which elevates and refines student life. But some doubter tells me it is clannish, that it breeds politics, that it cements antagonisms and tempts to excesses. Not so, WILLIAM W. CRAPO the college society is a necessary outgrowth of human nature, exercising a powerful educating influence upon its members, and it is in the good sense and manly spirit of its members we have the guaranty for its good conduct and wise procedure. It does not lower the standard of college life. How often it has given to the student better tastes and higher aims ; how often it has opened up to him his first con- sciousness of awakening power. There are pleasant recollections which come to me of Alpha Delta Phi ; its associations, its friendships, its inspiring influences are not for- gotten ; its experiences are too valuable to be lost, its memories are too precious to be sacri- ficed. Cornell University Library arW38687 Addresses delivered, at the jOBSJOgZ* 3 1924 031 782 711 olin.anx vl -•'•Wj *V|